ter: 
 
 sj't^^
 
 THE 
 
 ROMANE 
 
 H I S T O R I E 
 
 WRITTEN BY 
 
 T.LI VI US 
 
 of p A D U A. 
 
 The Breviaries of L. F L O R V S: 
 
 With a Chronology to the whole Hiftorid; 
 
 and the Topography of KO %^E in old time. 
 
 TranjlatedoHt ofLatine into Englifi, by Philemon Hollandj 
 
 T>oBor in Thyfic}\, . 
 
 To which is now added, 
 
 A Supplement of the Second Decad oi L I V T. 
 
 (which was loft.) 
 
 Lately written inLatine by 
 
 I. FREINSHEMIVS, 
 
 and now newly Tranflated into Englifli. 
 
 Lo:^(po!^(l; 
 
 Printed by VF. Hunt, for George San^bridge, at the Bible onLud- 
 
 gateHilK- 165^.
 
 To the moft High and Mighty Monarch, Elizabeth^ 
 (my dread Sovewign) bychegiuce ofGod,Qucenof^«^/^«^ 
 
 LL my khour ynhdtJoeYefJn tranjlating another mans work J pre- 
 
 fent here unto y iir Highmfsi and conjecrate to the happy an% im- 
 
 mortal} memory of your mojlf acred .9A^.jc[ly. An attempt { I con- 
 
 ftfs) in regard ofmineownimperfecliom\ 'Venturous andt'ver- 
 
 bold.^ cvs the fir jl enter prfe, right bard andexpcfedtoperVJ. Tet^ mod Worthy 
 
 and Po:ver full Bmprefs -^ Who ii thirefo ti-o(ujfcimt^ that by the favour able a^ 
 
 fped of your countenance ^m ay not he graced and enabled ? IVhatfo dificult and 
 
 dangerow,yphicb under the fortunate aujpices ofjourMajefty ^cannot be effeSled 
 
 with eafe andp.tfs mfafty ? 
 
 V Accept then^moft gracious l^ady^ the ftrU fruits ofafewyearsjludy, for thd 
 
 benefit enjoyed of life and liberty. An offering^ at ypellin that refped-,cis ofrayftlf 
 
 ^ the meaneft of many thoufands^ under all proportion ; but confidering either ihe 
 
 C argument or the fir fl .^ uthor-, not much unfitting . He^ m penning the Hiflory of 
 
 th'e great eft State in hu time^ for exquifite eloquence had not hu equally no more 
 
 than your Highnefs inglorious go'-vernment at this day anyfecond : Such are the 
 
 incomparable perfections re/p Undent injour RoyaH perfon ^ the soonder of the 
 
 world. ■ ' 
 
 Fouehfafe alfo, ofyour accuflomed clemency fijemedto aliens ^ of your fer^ient 
 
 sieal to learning andgoodletterSyfi>herein(among other rare rvertues and fingular 
 gifts feated inyour Heroick mind ) no Prince cometh near unto your Excellency 
 to reach forth your graciom hand to T.Livius •- -^pho bailing ani'ped long f nee 
 and con'vefed cu a meer firanger in thu your famous Iflandy and no^^forlo^e 
 thereof learned injomefort the language Jmmbly crayethyoar MajeUiesfafour 
 to be ranged with other free denizens of that kind : fo long to live under your 
 Princely proteBion^ as he jJjaQ duly keep his oy^n alleageance^ and acruaintyour 
 liege (ubjeBs ti?ith religiotu de<votion after his manner ^with n?ifdom,poliicyiaier' 
 tueiyalourjoyalty.and not otherycife. 
 
 And the Almighty guard your Majefly al^Paies ypith hUholy Angels ^ prolong 
 your hfe among us m perfect heaithi adornyour noble heart with di>vine graces^ 
 maimainyour Kegalleftate in all honour ' blejs therefi ofyour dales ( andinfi- 
 nite may they be) yoitb fypeetrepofe andfirm peace ^to the joy ofyour true-hearted 
 and loving people j and finally i accompUjh all your defiresy forprefent proj^erity 
 and future felicity^ 
 
 Your facred Majcftics moft humble 
 
 and obedient fubjcft , 
 
 Philemon Holland^ 
 717991
 
 Ad Anglicam Livian^e Hiflori^ verjz(h^ 
 
 nera, Interpretis Profopopoea. 
 
 ' <^te (decern decks fettft fajlidia menfeSy 
 
 Lovgi nimis; matri duwgravefettda* eras') 
 JlfiidlHcem refHgii?{neCBit ptular ijlefarentf) 
 K_/itria quidfugitas regia ?fijlepedem. 
 Sip pidcjn^audentes fequitar fortuna 5 net aufts 
 
 E^ctdere c magnis dedtctu fjfe reor. 
 Herri dulum peferit fi rujlia Nympha ypatermm 
 
 Te grnui attt virtus mklitarepoteft, 
 Nempe Dcctts Pitavigemit te Livius ingens ; 
 
 Sume Animum^tanto es quigemtorefatui, 
 £t, qu£ f.'vtt opemque tnltt Lttcina voctinti^ 
 
 i'lKti^VKipetenS^ dta Diitna mihi 5 
 
 Bu ecidis , hxc te mMtbut refovebtt aletque ; 
 
 Auditt, ipfa hget, fauftaque verba dabit, 
 Agncfcetproprttts^ Princeps ter maxima^ laadesl 
 
 :)tve4rtespacU^ feufcra bella refers, 
 €)nidfl'!rt:K\jy.di.^h) qntdfi -TrofjiyhauQ-t^ erbti 
 
 Mirahdurn DecuSy hxc Elizabctha tenet, 
 ^£ tuht in Latittm Patavinttt, tranfiuUt inde 
 
 feutontu^ Hctrufctu, Gallw, Iherm, Arabs /* 
 At patrias mavuit 4»dire & reddtre voces, 
 
 0:!apa(ritepriHceps, almapartnfque {u£ efl, 
 {Scilicet ide ItLctufapiens optavit Vlyffes 
 
 ydfumum epatriispejfe viderefocii,) 
 Iliius aJbe£iH vitalu, numinetHtuty 
 
 {.yi^Jticiisfaltx atque beatttt erU. 
 jiuUm five colas, fen Sacra, aat CaftrafeqttarU : 
 
 Saniltor (ecce) voat Curia j gratut erit, 
 Sivf. t Ogata kg At gens ingeniofa,plactbii : 
 
 S: u mage civilu tuybafrequenfqae poli. 
 Aulicui, AKttfleSy Aftles,prudcnfq»e Semtor, 
 
 Catiffiicui, CtvfS,famiffay virgBypuety 
 flincducum'-.rjtafottnt : difcet juveoifquefencxqite 
 
 Fir bentii. & patrid commsdui ejfefudt, 
 Erco iHdBe ammi • nee te gens Critiea Udet : 
 Candidio/y quo quii debtor y effefeUt. 
 
 TsMcoi/ ffM TetTf iJ^/ frrovJ'io, rro(tKKAKa.(Mi' 
 *'< Tayj*- <fo'i Tf ^*f « ; ^ Moi yAya, X*'?/^* y%ytt\» J
 
 TO THE READER. 
 
 Rue is that Axiorae received from Philofophy, rhjl -ho- 
 (pQ'ofttvyiviTtv -nsiT^Aivax. t. Tkc corvupuon of ous thing PS the 
 generation of another. Thus out oftheaflies and ruines 
 of Troy fprung the City of Rome : and by the woful fall 
 of that one ftate, arqte notpnly the moft glorious em- 
 pire of the Romans^but alio the belt writer oftheir hi- 
 ftoryj Titus Livitfs . For wheras after the fatal deftrudion of Tro)?, two 
 principal men of name remained alive,i£»^<t4 and Jntenor : the one with 
 his fleet arriving in that coaft of Italy where Tybrc runneth, built LaDt- 
 m«w, and beCAmc the firft father of the Romans, accordingtoFir^i/in 
 
 the firft i£neid ; 
 
 — ' genus unde Latinum^ 
 
 lAlhattiquepatreSjalt(emoeniaKom.xf 
 
 from whence are Latinescome> 
 
 The noble Albanes eke, and walls of ftately Rome. 
 
 Jnienor entttcd the Venice gulf,& founded the City ofp^rf*K^jthc native 
 place ofLiyj their hiftoriographer;as the lame Poet writech a little afcq: : 
 
 Hic tamen ilk urbsmPata'-vIfedefquelocayit 
 Teucrorum^i^c. 
 
 Yet here the City PaduA built he : therein to plant 
 HisTrojaneSjleft when Troy was lofl:,who refting ftat did want. 
 
 And I wot not well, whither they were more beholden to that fortune 
 of theirSj (whereof fo much they boafted) for MnsM the author of their 
 beginning] and admirable greatnes: than for this writer L/>);,who com- 
 mended their deeds to everlafting fame. For from their very firft riling 
 [even with Mneas^ unto their lenlible declining and decay, were not 
 1100 years compleat: but fince Li-x^); enchtonicled their ads, fixteen 
 hundred are come and gone • yet contmue they as frelli this day as at the 
 lirft,and /prcdftil far and ncer into all parts ofche world'.So much more 
 durable and permanent arethe memorials recorded by learned Hiftori- 
 ansjthan either any Monarchy be it never fo ijreat.or all thofe wonder ful 
 Pyrarnidesand Obehskesj reared by moftm-ignificent Kings,and migh- 
 ty Emperors? to immortalize their name and memory. This T. Lirvitis 
 then, was born 2LX.Tadua^ in thcyear 694 aicer the foundation of Rome ^ 
 when L.yifranius and Q^Qacilius Metsiks QeUr were Confuls . H e flou- 
 
 liflied
 
 To the Reader, 
 
 c, 
 
 1 iQieJ all the time of Migujlit^s^Qsfar, and died in the fourth year of n'-, 
 beriuu By which account, he lived full LXXVI- years : asappeareth by 
 an ancient Epitaph upon his tcrab at (P<?r/»^3 (where it is thought he 
 died) with the pourtraidt ofhisvifage: whereof the one is reprelenccd 
 here and die other immediatly before the beginning ofcheHiftory. 
 
 TITVS LIVIVS PATAVINVS, 
 
 Cujus invi6i:o calamo, invida Romanorum 
 fada fcripta funt. 
 
 TITE livr OF PADVA. 
 
 Who wrote longfince with peer 4efi pen, 
 The alis of Romans , match-lefs men^
 
 To the Reader* 
 
 Ihadfome little skill in )to come as near aspofsibly I could, to the true 
 meaning ofche Author i making this accounc^that if I could approve my 
 diligence than way to men of leafon andunderftandingj all other my 
 wants and defects might Iboner be palled by and pardoned, A dciire I 
 had toperform,inlbme(brt,that which is profitable to them oft, name- 
 ly ,an englifli Hiftory of that CW which of ail ochcrsfifl have any judcr- 
 ment)affoordeth moft plenteous exai^jples ot devout zeal in their kiod, 
 of wifdomeipollicyjuiticejvalour, and allvertues whatlbevcr. Accor- 
 ding to this purpofe and intent of mine I framed my pen, not to any aiFe- 
 cted phrale^but a mean and popular flile Wherein, if l have called again 
 intoule feme old words, ler it be attributed to the love of my country 
 language : ifthelemence be not fo concife,couched and knit together, as 
 the originall, loach I was to beobfcure and darkj have I not ensiliOicd 
 every word aptly ? Each Nation hath feverall manners? yea, and terms 
 appropriate by thcmlelvesj have f varied in (bme places from the French 
 or Italian ? Cenfured I look to bejand haply reproved ; but like as ^^/«- 
 biadeh laid to one, 'jdira.^oy h ^ AK^frov, ie Strike hardly {Euribiades ) fo jou hear 
 mefpea^. j cvenl<5 1 lay^Find fault and Iparc not jbut withall, read the ori- 
 ginall bf:tcer before ye give lentence. And howioever i have faulted o- 
 therw'.fc by crvci.iigliL, let a^a'xuCI it Tmjr «fl^t.tR»n itiiJ dvHu. Lc» do /bme 
 good whiles \ live to my fweet native country ; add thereto the long cra- 
 vell that I have taken to teftihethe fame ; and if that will not bring 
 down the baUance,let the profitiand deli-jht both, which you fhallfind 
 in the argument and dilcourle of the hiftory, countepoife and over- 
 weigh my wants,more or lefs 4nd thus j^ recommend unto mv countri- 
 men Lii^jyin englifh habit ; Liyy{\ fay) who whether he were more ho- 
 nored whiles he lived, than beloved at this day offorrain nations 1 can- 
 not eafily determine.For like as then( by the teftimony of S. Hierom, atid 
 P//«yinhisEpiftlcs ) there repaired many great and noble perlonages 
 from the fartheft pares of Sj>mand France^only to fee his face,tor the ad- 
 miration they conceived of him by the fame of his incomparable cIot' 
 ouciice j even fb of iate time,his (pirit (which yet livcth in his writing' , -j 
 hath niadea voyage by Florence into the fame France a.nd Spain , and ' ^^^ > 
 paffcd as far as into Arabia one way,and Mmdn another. In wr l ur- 
 lite and remote parts he hach found fuch kind entertainmcnt^r ^^ ^y • 
 Courts of Emperors and Kings, in palaces of Princes and 0x^3.1 Poten 
 tacesj but alfo with the people in generallj that theyfp em'^coflrive no 
 lefsfwho may endow him with moft ample franchiP- , onr^f'V^.^K„.rr«^ 
 
 r \\ \ r r ... i i • i -5 auu iicc UUi "CO- 
 
 iiejthan thole leven cities in old timewho every on' . challen cred to th'f'm- 
 felves the birth of the Poet Homer. Since thcn,hf '^^^^ thus long bren de'- 
 firous to crols the feas into this noble Ifland, ^^^^^ ^3 ^ traveller to /ojourn 
 for a time in the Court only or the Vnive'-^j-^ies, ^^^^ ^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^.jj 
 both in City and country, and thereto^ hg^h learned our language indif- 
 fcrently ; let it now appear that this nation of ours ( like to reap as gr.-at 
 fruit and benefit by his acquainra^ice as any odierjis ready to receive and 
 embrace him as friendly as the x^.

 
 first'book 
 
 OF THE HISTORIES 
 
 TITUS"LlVIUS 
 
 OF PAD^JJ, FROi>1 THE FOVNDATION 
 OF THE CITY OF <I{OME. 
 
 The Breviary of L. Florns upon th«.T;irft Book. 
 
 He commtng of iEneas /«fo Italy, and his^ aEis there : n . „^,>^ pjr Afcanius in Alba : of 
 Sylvius JErmSyand fa forth of other Sy\\\i,KiJis t hereof ^ ^'"^'--^tutfiediyt the fifl Book,. 
 The daughter of Numicor wtth child by Mars.Rotiiulus rf»^Ren„, ^^^ /^or«.Amiilius 
 kslled.ThcCtty of Rome hmk by Romulus. The Senate by htm choje,.. Ug ^^^^ ^^^y. ^ ^^ 
 withtheSihins. He prefentedunto]a^k<:t¥cicm\iS the royjlljpoiles of the:, j(;j„^ 
 whom he flexv with his orvn ha*>ds. He divided the people into Centuries, va»^ni(hediii^ 
 Fidenates and Velemutis,andwai ca»oniz.ed a p-od. Numa Pompilius taught the rites and ceremonies of ^^ p«™ri^ 
 facrtfce anddivm' fervice^ereSed a Temple to J anus, and was thefirjl thatfhut the doores thereof-, after he '"" *' 
 had made peace wit hall the Nations therealjoHt- andf-nning that he hadfecret company and conferenceby 
 r, night wtth thegoddejfe JEoQiIa, won the flout and fierce hearts of the people to Religion. TullllS Hoftilius TaUmHofiiiu 
 Warred upon the Aibans whereupon eiifued the combat e of the three brethren.,twins on both Jides. Hoiilias "• 3« 
 ivas acquit for kjUi'if hn/ifier. The execution c/"Metius Suffetius. Alba rafed andd'firoyed. The AlbanS 
 made free denti^ens ofKome^aad there dwelt. IVar denounced agaiy.fl the Sabines. F/»<J.7c,Tullus was con' 
 fumedwith lightning. linens Marcius renewedthe ceremonies by]>iumi fir/i ordained.U no thehatmes-^he- ^lu** MA 
 ing concjuenedand made Citiz^ens of Rome, he ajfigned the mount Avencinefa inhabit. He won again by '"* "** 
 force a town of the Latines called Politoriumj which the old Latines hadfurprifed and poffeffed themfelves 
 efiand utterly dijlroyedit. He made the Sublician or wooden bridge over Tybris, andadjoy.icd to the City 
 the />«// Janiculum. He enlarged the bounds »f the Empire,bui/t OiVi3..iand rei^nedthree a'ld thirty years. 
 In the time of his mT«,Lucumo the fan of DemarattSI a Corinthian-, removed from Tarqulns, a City of 
 „ Tufcane,<»»«/ came to Rome : and there entrinq^ into amity with hnCv, -gah to bear the natue of Tarqui- 5^'^'ff 
 ,nius, andfg to be called' andafter the death o/AncuS took, the Kingdom- upon him.He encreafit* 'he num- 
 ber of the Senators by one hundred fubdued the Latines^appointed the Circus or Theater ■, , a forth the pub' 
 like games and plates '■ andbeing warred upon by thc£abtneSy he augmente^the centuries of the horfcmen, 
 ^ndforto make proofe andtriall of Accivis]^3v\usthe Aug ' fi-.ning-, he demaidcdofhim.^ as they 
 fay^whether that which he conceiz'ed in hiS mind were pof/ib'' <-jj eEled: aidwhenhe made anfwcr^that 
 
 it woi^ he commanded him to cut a whetflone in two with f .^^ nr-^ which out of hand was by AcciUs done. 
 Moreover the wan thefieldcfthe Sabinesytnddefeatedthemtwatl'dthe City al?out-,made the v-iulted finkji 
 aid when he had raigned eight and thirty yca^s., was murdered bytbefpns of hncvs.Tf^fre faccecded after 
 /)/wServius Tn\\'mS)thefonofaCaptive,anol>leLady rfComiCu\am-^whol>eiyi(rachild,andlyingfivad- ^""'n^ ThK. 
 iedin the cradle-^hadaflameof fire (as the report goeth) burning about his head. He d'fcomfitedthe Veien- 
 tC^ <j«WTufcanes i» I'attelT. He was thefirfi that numbred the people o/Rome, valucdtheir goods andin- 
 flitut id the Luflrum every five years-, tn which were reputed to have been numbred eighty thoufanddti- .-- 
 z^ens. He defer ibcd the Claffes and Centuries :fet out fu^rl^-r the bounds of the Pomarie-,withoiit andwith- 
 inthe Citywals: andput to theCitf.the hili QMiirinalis,Viminalis,WEfquirinus, He together with the 
 L''tiues foundedthe Temple of Dian>/» moU'H Avencine, andwhen he hadraignedfour aid thirty year s-^ 
 he was., with the privity-, and by the coitvfeB 'f his daughter Tullia, murdered by L.Tarquinius, the fan of 
 
 Prifcus 
 
 ratnrs or the p 
 
 he driven over the Corpus opherfath'"., lyin^ d-ad on the ground. He had abo:!t htm a troup of armed men 
 
 ■rforthe q^uardof his perfoM. By a fubtiie-wilehe p-tt to death Tvitrwi^H&tdomws. He h.id war with the 
 
 \^r>\k\^ri%,and of their fpoifesedifiid a Temple to ]u^'ntt, on the hill Capito/l^ where the godTermwii'^ a'ld 
 
 goddeffe Juventas, agreed not to be dij^laccdjwhafe altars could not bejiirred nor removedyts tht; others. By 
 
 B the 
 
 ■^i 
 
 jifterhim L.TaMuinius Superbus ufurped the K-nqdom., without theeleElion.,either oftheSe- J'"M<'*f 
 theprople.On wh^h diy Tullia (mofi wicked and curfed wretch that ^he was) cmfedler Coach to
 
 c 
 
 -^ ■ ■ ^, 
 
 The firft BooJ\_ of T. Livius. i 
 
 xhc frmdnlent praBiU of his jo;: Sex.Tarquinius he troHght the Gabians to his ohjfame. lUo h,s other H 
 tJ(ons,be,m (rone to Delphi, and cor,[pittr,g there the Oracle, whether of them fhoM be King '/Rome, 
 ^.yfwer ,avw !-''adc,That hejhoHld reign who fi.ft klfed h,s mother : which .^njiver they murireti^g nrorig, 
 Junius Brutus, who accom^anuA them in thetr -voyage^ made as though he cmght a fall:, ^ndlqfed the 
 aromd.the mother indeedof all: whkh proved true on his part. as ,t fell oat in the e>^d. Forwhena^Jn- 
 quinius Superbus by his proud tyrannic. II dcmeanour^h^.dmcmrcd the hatred of all men : he a tfift upon 
 the forcible oittraTe and villany done by Sex. Tarquinius ( hisfon ) m the night feafon upon the body ef Lu- 
 (raia : whofendtnifor her f thcr TricipitinUS,^WA)^r /,«;/ WCollaiinusA/./^^k tiem eameftly not 
 70 f e her de.ith unrevenged^andfo with a knfe killed herfelfe : he.Ifij, by the means of Brutus f^e«V,/- 
 h was driven and e.xp^ lied out of Rome, when he had raigned five and trVentyjears. Th^n were the Confids I 
 /?-/ crf^rf</,Lu.Jun.Brutus, ^WLu.Tarquinius Collatinus. 
 
 The Preface of Titus Livius to hk tvhole Worl^ 
 
 ^Hetherin writing the a^s and affairs of thepeople of i?^^*', from the firR Foundation of 
 theCity, I fhali perform a work of importance ari worth my travail, rather woti 
 well,nor if I wilf , dare I avouch : feeing it is a tt^ng both old and ulua]l,that new Wri- 
 ters alwaies perfwade themfelves. either in platter to dehver more truth and certainty, 
 orin manner of curious penning thereo'^to outgo the rudenefle of elder time. How- K 
 foever itfall out, this yet will do me good , that even I alfo. to theutmoft of my powcr,have endea- 
 voured to eternize the worthy deeds of th?' people which is the fovcraign ot the whole world. 
 And if, amona fo many Writers, my fan-' hanre to be oblcure, yet may I comfort my felfe in this. 
 That they wh'o (hall darken and n-dpw the fame, are men lo highly reputed and renowned. Be- 
 fides the thin" it felf is of i^-'in'te toile and labour, as counting and comprizing from above 700 
 years- pall and'which -'^i"gfrom fmall beginning hath proceeded and grown fo great, as now the./ 
 bioneffe ihereofi';'^'"'^'^^"^'-*^''^ felf : and 1 doubt not, but the Readers for the moft part will take 
 bu't fmall deJ'6''"- """^ pleaiurCveither in thofe far-fetched Originals, or in the times next enfuing,for 
 UafiprAey maketothefenoveltiesof later daies,wherein the puiffance of that i'o mighty people hath 
 rvfou'^ht lone (jnce their own downfall and overthrow. But I contrariwile will feek even this for j^ 
 "uerdonof my pains, namely, to turn away from beholding thefecalamities, which this our Age 
 tor many years hath feen, fo long at leaff : whilefl I call to remembrance;and wholly employ myfpi- 
 rits in confidering thofe ancient monuments of old time^excmptfrom care and trouble,which were 
 able, if not to with draw my mind as I write from the truth, yet to make it penfive and heavy. As 
 forfuchthincrs as are reported, either before, or at the Foundation of the City, more beautified and" 
 fet out with'Poecs Fables-, than grounded upon pure and faithfuU Records, I mean neither to aver 
 nordifprove. This leave and priviledge hath antiquity, by interlacing the a^s of gods and men to- 
 gether ,to make the firft rifing of Cities more facrcd and venerable. And if it may be lavvfull for any 
 people under heaven to confecrate and afcribe unto the gods their Originallj furely, fuch is the re- 
 nowned martiall prowefs of the Romans, that all nations of the world may as vyell abide them to M 
 report Mr.rs above the reft, to be the primefather both of themfelves and of their firftfounder, as 
 they can becontent to live in fubjeif ion under them. But thefe and fuch like matters, howfoever 
 they fhail hereafter be cenfured orefteemed, I will not greatly weigh and regard. This would I have 
 every man rather to think upon in good earneftjand confider with me what their life,and what their 
 carriage was, by what men and means, both in war and peace, their dominion was atchieved and en- 
 largecL Afterward as their difcipline began by little and little to flirinkjiet him mark how at the ve- 
 ry firft their behaviour and manners funk withall : and how ftill they fell more and more to decay 
 and ruin yea,and began foon after to tumble dowrftight even untill thefeoiir dales, wherein we can 
 neither endure our own fores, nor falves for the cure. For this is it that is fo good and profitable in 
 an hiftory, when a man may fee and behold, as in a conspicuous nbonumentandlightfom memorial] j^ 
 the lively examples ot all forts, fet up in open view for hisinftruilion, whereouthemaychulefor 
 himfelf and his Country what to follow, as nlfo learnhow to efchew a foul enterprife ,and avoid a 
 fhamef'ullend. But unleffe Ibe deceived with the affe^'^ionae love of mine own commenced work, 
 neverwas there Com m'on-weal,either more mighty.more holy and devout, betierftored of good 
 prefidents, or inco which covetoufneffe ^nd exceffemore latelycrept, or wherein poverty and fru- 
 gality were fo greatly or fo long time honoured, infomuchas the more they wanted, the leffe they 
 defitcd. Now of late dales wealth hath brought in avsrice abundant pleafures havelvindkda defire 
 by riot. luft, and loofe life, todeftroy and bring all to naught. Butthcfe comp'aints, which will be 
 nothin", pleafant. no not when perhaps they flTill be necdfull, banifli we muff ( howfoever we do) 
 at onr firft entrance of fo weighty a matter: when as we rather fliould begin ( if as the Poets ufe, it q 
 were our manner alfo) with good pref^ges and lucky forefpeakings- with vows and prayers togods 
 and goddefles, to vouchfafe their furtherance and happy fuccefle to the enterprife of lo great a 
 Worif. 
 
 The
 
 3 
 
 The Firfl Book 
 
 o F 
 
 TITUS LIVIUS 
 
 Irft ohll,this is generally held for certain, That the Greeks, after the winning 
 of TVo/, dealt cruelly with all the Tro]ii»s, [i.\it only M^neas and Amemr • to 
 whom, as well in regard of the bond of mutuall entertainment, as alfo for 
 that they ever perfwaded peace and the rendring again of H. len^ they whol- 
 ly forbare to fhew any rigour at all, as by martiail right of wanhey might 
 havedone. And how yi»ff»or afterwards, accompanied with a number of 
 Henetians, who drivenby civill difcord out of Papi Ligonia^ and having loft venetnnssS 
 at Troy their King PyLmenes, were to leek both a refting place, and a Captain fcMd'd fto'm 
 to conduit them, arrived through many adventures and accidents of fortune, intheinmoftgulfof ''"•«'».»peo. 
 Bthe Adriatick fea : and atterthey had expelled the £«^<««/rfw/ that inhabited between thefeaandthe lmtt,»nithi 
 Alps, thofe Henetians together with the Trojans, kept thofe parts and there remained. The place J'"\^ "'^ 
 where firft they landed,called Troy, whereof tne Territory and Seigniory thereabout was alfo named duftof Ji«». 
 Troy-, and the whole people in generall called ffMff/^iw. Moreover, how j£»f<« upon like misfor- ""' 
 tune,having fled his councrey,yet alpiringby thefatall direction of thedeliinies to greater affairs, 
 came firft into Ai^icedony • and after into Stcih , feeking an abiding place : and failing with a fleet 
 from Sici/y arrived at length, and landed in the countrey of Laurent um ■ which place likewife was 
 termed Troy, Where the Trojans being fet a fhore, having after their long wandring nothing in a «^s'«ani 
 manner leftthem but fliips and armour, as they forragedand drave booties out of the Countrey, I^r'JeTn/Mr 
 King Latinpu with the Aborigines ^viho at that time inhabited thofe parts, ran forth in warlike man- KiDgut^m. 
 C, ner out of town and countrey, to withftand the violent invafion of thefe ftrangers. But what befell 
 thereupon,is two manner of waies reported. Somefay, thatLiif/»<«beingin abattell vanquifhed, 
 firft madepeace with JEneas^irtd after that allied himfelf to him by marriage. Others affirm, that as 
 both armies flood ranged in battell array, before the trumpets founded the battell, Laums came 
 forth into the Vanguard, and called out the Generall of the if rangers to parle : demanding who they 
 were, from whence they came, by what chancethey departed trom their own home, and to what 
 end they entred the Laurentine borders ? After that he heard the company were Trojans, the Cap- 
 tain JE>ieM-,(oa oi Venus and. Anchife! ,znd that upon the burning of their City, they having forgone 
 theircountrey,iought fom-e place to abide and build them a City in : wondred much ,not only at the 
 noblenefleof the people and their lead(;r,but alfo at their couragious hearts, refolved either for war 
 D or peace : whereupon, by giving his right hand he plight his troth, and faithfully promifed them 
 friendfhip and amity. So the two Generals made a League, and each hoft faluted other. And Rne.ts 
 was by Lattms entertained and lodged in the Court. Where L^r/wf/folemnly in prefenceof his fa- ^^^ -^^ 
 miliar houfhold gods, by giving his daughter in marriage to j£;<f<M, joyned private alliance to the (uhuvn^' 
 former publike confederacy. Which thing truly put the Trojans in good hope and full afTurance 
 to end one day their wandringandflittingto andfro and to fettle themlelvesinone certain place of 
 abode. Hereupon, a Town they built, which Rueas of his wives name called Lavtnium. Within a i'«''»'<<« 
 while, by this new marriage, he had iflue a ton : whom the parents named Afc.r.nus. But after all ^^jV,/,, 
 this, were both Trojans and Aborigines warred upon. For 7«r«?<j Kmg of theRutilians, unto *"""• 
 whom L niniA, before R.necis his coming, had been efpoufed, taking it to heart that a ftranger was ^'"""'' 
 E preferred beforehim, made warboth upon R,-n oi and Latinus : but neither Army departed from the 
 battell with joy and well appaid. For the Ruti.ians were vanquifhed : the Aborigines and Trojans 
 wan indeed the field but loft their Captain Latinus. Then Tm-nns and the Rucilians miftrufting 
 their ownllrength, fled For fuccour to thepuiffant and mighty Tufcans, and to their King Meiuen- 
 tins, who keeping his Royall Court at Cer", a town in thofe daies of great wealth, not well pleafed 
 even from the firft beginning, with thefoundation ofanew City and fuppoling the Trojans power 
 was already much more encreafed than migt^t well ftand with the lafety of the borderers, joyned 
 full willingly his forces with theRutilians. S.-'iras to win the hearts of the Aborigines againft ib 
 dreadfull and dangerous war to the end they all fliould not only live under one government but alfo 
 be all ofone name, called both Nations Latines. And from that time forth werethe Aborigines no- TheivinesJ 
 F thing inferiour to the Tro inns in love and loyalty towards their V vin:c &,neas. Smcm alfo truftincr 
 confidently inthe valiant and /aithfull hearts of thefe two States, growing up daiy more and rnore 
 in mutuall amity, alb:-ic HetmriawdiS lb mighty, that the name thereof was renowned not only 
 throughout the inland parts, but the fea coafts alfo, even from one end of /r^/y to the other, from 
 
 B a ihs 

 
 '£he firfl BooJ^ of T. Livius. 
 
 The wife go- 
 vernment uf 
 
 Zavima, ; 
 Qiiccii Mo- 
 ther. 
 Juki or Uf- 
 
 caYliHi' 
 
 The (amilyof 
 the /«(»• 
 
 built by ^fca- 
 
 ynns. 
 
 The Kingdom 
 
 ^liM or 
 Tjbiii. 
 
 Lttiitu Sjl- 
 
 VIM, 
 
 rhe Alpes to the narrow feas of 5/<r/7; : yet whereas he might well have refifled the force of his pj 
 enemies. and maintained a defenhve war within his wals, he brought his Army forth into the open 
 The death f^cid. This was the fecondbattell that the Laiinesfought,and the lali deed that ever. -fi^if/t^jwhiielt 
 cftf^.t""' ^e ^^''as mjn,atthieved.And howfoever by right he ought to benamed.he lieth interred upon theri- 
 /«/>;,« in'^g'j. ver Ny.micius.&Vid. Jupiter j>jdi?esme.n him call. Now was not yifc(!?i:;fs,JEnea^ his fon,ripeas yet tor 
 a|?,e to fway the Scepter. Howbeitthe Royall Crown remained whole and lafe for him.untill became 
 to fourteen years ot age. So long continued the ftate cf the Latines, and the Kingdom by grandhre 
 and father dekended, unto the childsbehoof^ under the government only of a woman, as Ptote- 
 ilreffe: offovertiiousdilpohtion and princely carriage was Dame Lavmia, Doubtful! much Kfand 
 (for who can certainly avouch a thing fo long ago ?j whether this were that v^/c^JwajjOr one elder j 
 than he, who had to his moihtiCrenjfi, whileli ///««« flouriflied, and who fled with his father from 
 thence, and from whom being named alfo JhIhs.,{.\\^ houfe and family ot the JhIu do fetch their name 
 and pedigree. That fame ^/c.-!«/a/, wherefoever, orof whomfoever he wasborn, (bntj£w^jhis 
 fon of a truth he was) when Lavinmm grew exceeding populous,left that City now flourifhingand 
 wealthy (as the world went then) unto his mother or Uepmother, I wot not whether. Hthimfelf 
 built another out of the ground under the mountain Alba^ which ofthe fcituation thereof,ftretching 
 out in length on the iide ofthe hill, was named Ls^^ Alha. Between the h\xi\d\no of Laviu-.unt and 
 Lona jjl>a, whit h became an under-town or Colony drawn out of the other, and peopled trom 
 then:e, were almoH thirty years. But lo mighty grew they, efpecially alter the difcomtiture ofthe 
 Tufcans,thac neither upon the death oi^JEneas-, nor during the time of a womans government, nor j^ 
 all thewhilethat the young Prince learned to be a King, durlf either Affs-f^zrw/, or the Tufcans, or 
 any other of the borderers once ilir or rifeinarms. But peace was concluded upon thefe termes. 
 That the river ^/^«/i>j, which now they call73'//'i/,fliould divide the Tufcansfrom the Latines,and 
 limicto either ofthem their ownbounds. A'terthisraigned aV'^''^^' ihefon of ^^y^w/i/j born by 
 chance within the torreds : who hegn JEneas Sylvius^ zndhch^^d idiic Lat/xns Spvtus, by whom 
 werecertainColonies orpettyTownfhipserected, and the inhabitants Dsmed Prtfci Latini. And 
 from thenceforth all the Kings of -<i//'^ concinned the firnameof .S^/t'/^.r. This jL^ir/^wbegat,^//^?, 
 of jilba came Atys^ Atys begat Capti, and of C pis defcended Capetas ; whofe ion TibennHsm fer- 
 rying over the river AlMa was drowned , and by his name renowned that river unto all polterity. 
 Next unto him raigned An'pp'- his I'on^and after him fucceeded Romulus Sylvius in his fathers King- r 
 dom, who being Ifruckendead with a thunderbolt, left the Crown to Avcntyms. This Aventmus 
 was buried in that hiil,which now is part ofthe City of Rome-,vc\d beareth his name. Then raigned 
 Vrccits, who had twofons, NumitorzrA rimnimt. And unto A/i»?*j/<or,becaufehe was theelder, he 
 bequeathed by his laft will and te(f ament the ancient Kingdom ofthe Sylvians line.Howbeit, mighc 
 prevailed more than either the will ot the f ;ther,or the reverend regard of elder brother. For Amsi- 
 lins having driven out 7V«w/fc>-,raigneth himfelfe : and not herewith content, heapeth one mifchief 
 upon another. For firfl he murdered the iffiie male of his brother .• then by making Rhta Sylvia his 
 brother.'- daughter a Velfall Nun and that under colour of honour and dignity, by perpetual! vow- 
 ed virginity, he bereft her of all hope of child-bearing. But itwasafatallthing, and (as I think) 
 which'Cod would have, that fo greataCityfliotildbe built for to yecld the ground and beginning ^ 
 of that Empire, which next under\he gods is mofl mighty. Forbehold, theVeflall Virgin wasby 
 force dcfloured, and after delivered ofjtwo twins: and were it thatfhe thought fo in very deed, or 
 becaufc the name and credit of a god might carry away andcloakethe fault more cleanly, fhe fathe- 
 red her badard children upon Mars. But neither god nor man was able to fave herfelf or her chil- 
 dren from the Kings cruelty. For the Votary was committed to dofeprifon, and there kept bound 
 in irons : as for the babes hecommanded they fliould be caft into the fireatn of the river. But ( as 
 God would) by good ha[j the T;k/'« overflowed the banks, and the ftanding waters on either fide 
 was nothing rough , yet fo, as there was no coming to the deep current or channel] of the very river; 
 and they that brought the infants, hoped well they might be drowned in any place ofthe water,were 
 it never fo dill and low. So to fuitiliaftcra fort the Kings commandement, they laid the children. N 
 in the next plafh they came to : even where as now dandeth the fig-tree Rttminalis-, called, as they 
 fay, RomnL>ris •■ but a!' that ground then was nothing but wade deferts, and a very wilderneffe. The 
 report yet gotth, that when the ebbe and lliallow water was gone, and had left on dry ground the 
 floating trough or veflell, wherein the babes were put iorth, aflie-Wolffromoutof the mountains 
 therebyibeingathirdjtnrned towards thechildrens cry,and with her pendant teats fo gently gave the 
 infants fu'.k,that Fanflul:!s the head Reeve and overfeer ofthe Kings Cattell found her licking them 
 with hertorgue: whobroughr themto his homedall,and gave them to his wife I/;j«rtf;;/w tobefo- 
 fljercd. There be that think, that Lmreyitia being a common drumpet among thefe heardmen and 
 fliepberdswasufually called LKp^.Whereupon arofe the occafion of this flrange tale and wondrous 
 rrllracle. Well, fo were they born and fo brought up. And as foon as they grew once to fome big- O 
 nefle,itwas noboot to keep them within doores, nortofetthcmidly to tendthecattell, forthey 
 would ufcto hunt abroad in theforred: whereby having gotten drength of body-and courage witb- 
 all,thcy were able now, notonly towithftandthe violence of wild beads, and to kill them, but alfo 
 tofet upon common robbers by the high-waies dde, laden as they were with booties, andtofpoile 
 them thereof, yea, and dividethe prey among the fhepherds, andasthenumberof younkers dayly 
 eftcreafed with ihem to keep holidaiesj to make merry^ and follow their dilpons. Andcvecin thofe 
 
 daies
 
 The firji Boo\ of T. Livius. 
 
 A daies (as menlay) was the feflivall paftims Lufercal^ uled in mounc PaLume^ which of tahmteuyn LmpZZiT^ 
 a. City in ylnadia-, was firlt called P»./*j»r//<«?, and after -P^j/jnw, wherein £'z/.-K<itr, who deC:cnd^'d e^4„jt,. 
 from theArcadianSjlong before reigned in that country, and ordained a folemngame and recreation 
 yearly to be held, as aforetime in ^rw^/^z, in this manner: that youngmen in the honor of /'.w T.„r.T«» 
 Z,;'fie«j-, whom the Romans after called /w/^/jftiouldloofely and wantonly run naked. Now whileft *"'"""'. 
 they were bufily occupied in this kind of fporc, which by vow yearly they performed ; there lay in 
 ambuili the robbers aforefaid, in revenge and for anger of the prues whiLhthey had lolt : Where 
 Romd/its mniiUlly quit himfeli> but Re»ms they rook priloner : and being thus taken, they broiT'ht 
 . him before King Amttlmsy accuhng him grievoufly, and laying efpecially to his charge, that he wuh p.ifunc"^" 
 B others invaded and made rodes into A/'^w/foi^ hisLand.and with a power of lul^y youths. affembled 
 in warlike fort, had torraged and fpoiled the fame. Thus was /?t»/«i delivered unto Numitor to be 
 putto death. Now hadf^;'y?«/^jevenfin.ethefirHdayc6n.eivedfomehope,thattherewereinhis 
 houlefolierchildren of royal, bloud : ForwehhewiU, tbatbothby theKingscommandment the 
 babes were catt forth toperini,andalfo thatthe time when he took them up fell out fitly thereunto: 
 mary this would he in no wife fhouldbeknownin halfe.and before due time ; unlefleit were either 
 upon good occahon or great recelTity. Neceflity hapnedfirli : andfo tor very .^ear he vvas driven to 
 reveal the whole matter to Romulus, It hapned aifo^that Numitor hirnfelt Jiav ing Remns in durance, 
 and hearing they were brethren twins, by comparing their age,and viewing withall their very >-oun- 
 tenance and towardnels, proceeding from no fervile and bafe parentage, bethought himfelf ot his 
 C fifters children: and by farther enquiry and computation came fo far, as he feemed well-near to ac- 
 knowledge i?.w«j- for his nephew.Thus on all hands were means wrought to cirLumveiu and lurprize 
 King AntHliiis. For Romuhis on the one fide not accompanied with a troup of tall feJows for he 
 was not able in open fight to make his part good : but giving the herdmen his airiftants,inLhargeto' 
 Comeat atimcppointed, fomeoneway, and fome another, to the Kings Palace, he fetuponthe 
 King. On the other fide, /?e/w«j with another cruefrom7\/»»?//or his houfe, came to fee ond him: 
 and fo they flew the King. Numitor at the firft uproregiving outeftfoons, that the enemies had en- umi./.«<',he 
 tred fhe City and affailed the KingsPalace, and thereupon havingcalled the youth of Alb.iimoxht "f^pwAjia- 
 Citadell,to keep it by force with a good guard, and efpying the two young men after the murder 
 done, comming towards him with joy : forthwith aflcmbled the people together, and declared o- 
 jT) penly before ihcm all.the wi.ked dealings of his brother againtt him,the parentage of his Nephews,' 
 the manner of their birth and bringing up, and how they came to be known : after that he reported 
 the murder of the Tyrant,and took it upon himielf as the author thereof. The two young men paf- 
 fing with their companies through the midll of the people, faluted their grandfire King , whereat the 
 whole multitude alfo with one accord and voice ratified the fame : fo was his royall name and edaie 
 by them elfablifhed. Thus was the whole Regiment or Kingdom of the Allans committed to Nu- n^^,„v- , 
 mitor. Then Ron.ttlus and Remus had a great defire to found themfelves a City in the very place where oiuu.^ 
 they had been ca(t forth and foftercd; Now were there ci Albans and Latincs both, very many ^onaixmu 
 that might be fpared; behdes, a number of herdmen: who all fet together, put then in good hope, 
 that Allnt and LAvunum too, would be but Cmall Cities in comparifon of that which now was a 
 ;g building. WhileR they weredevifmg of thefe things, an old canker came between to mar ail, even Diflcntfon 
 defire of rule and foveraignty, the fame which had troubled theirgrandhres before them!: and beiwecnf.re» 
 thereupon a foule fray, whi>.h arofe from a fmall and flight occahon. Forafmuch as they were both ictjiWyl'"' 
 twins ac onebirth,ard the rel'peft of their age might yeeld no choice and differene, it was rhouoht 
 good and agreed upon, that the gods, who had the tuition of thofe places, fliould by Augury or 
 flight of birds declare and fhew whether of thetwain fhould both name the City and alfo rule the 
 fame. /?!?»;«/«/ chofe the mount /'.7/.if/»e, ^nd,RemMsx.\xt Avrrti/ie^ for their temples or religion? 
 quarters, to mark the bird-flight, and each one apart to receive their Augury. Firll (as they fay)had Att»um 
 ^fwwj-appearinginflight fix vultures or gripes: and as tidings came unto him of this Augury it hap- '^ 
 ned that the number unto Romulm was prefented double : whereupon they were both of them by 
 p their alTiliants and favorites faluted Kings. The one fide took the vantage of the time: the other of 
 thenumberfor theprerogativeof theKingdom. Thustheyfell to hot words firil, andfromcho- 
 lerick word; to blows and bloudflaed : in which ftir and prefs of the people, Rsmus was woun- „ 
 ded and flainin the place. The more common report goeth, that Remus in fcorn of his brother, ^""'"""•'■^ 
 leapt over the new walls: whereupon.Sow?y/«jIngreatcholerfluehisbrother with his own hands, 
 andinmenacing wife, added thefe words wichall. So perifli he, whatever elfe he be that fhall once 
 dare to leap over my walls. Thus Romdus alone became King, and theCity new buiIt,of the foun- •!^«„f«, r;„g 
 ders name was called ^owf. Wherein firft he fortified mount ?.i/,;f/>«<:, in which he was himfelf «*•»"« 
 reared- To all the reft of the god-: he facfificed after the rule and cuftome of the Aibam : only to 
 Hercules after the manner of the Greeks, according to the firft infticution of E'y^w^fr. For the 
 G f'Wie goeth, that HerctiUs upon a time, a'ter he h.id fliinGtvvo«, dravethat way exceeding fair Thtfioryor 
 Oxen, and near the River 7)^rM, where he had fwnm O'er with his drove afore him laid him^;^|'°j^'"'< 
 down in a fai^ green rneadovv, as well to refrefh himf.l', being weary of his way as alfo to cJ, 
 reft andbaithiscattell info plentifullgrafle and forrage. There, faileth he into a found fleep, as 
 having well charged himfeU with wine and viands: and one Cacus a fhepherddwe'ling there- 
 by, a man right fierce, and bearing him proudly of his ftrcngth being 'greatly Inlove wichthe 
 fairn^fs of the beafts, had a good will, and minded to fetch away that booty; but tor that if h^ 
 
 B3 ha4
 
 The firfi Booli of T. Livius. 
 
 Evmierthe 
 iiivcnccFof 
 li'mc letters 
 Crmenta mo- 
 ther of Evm- 
 <Ur. 
 
 dedicated to 
 
 ftthii md 
 
 bad driven the beafts into his own cave.ihe very tracks would have led the owner of them thither, h 
 he drew the "oodlieft and bisgeft of them backward by their tails into his hole. Heracles early in 
 themornin" when he awoke.^and beheld his drove,andmifiedl"ome of his count, went on towards 
 the nextcav^Cjif haply their footingwould traine him thither : But feeing all traces fromwards, and 
 leadino no other way ; as one troubled in fpirit, and douhtfull what to do, he began to drive farther 
 out of^hattheevifh and dangerous corner. Butas fome of theOxenindriving.milled iheirfellows 
 behind and honing after them, bellowed astheir nature is: Hercules chanced to heare them low- 
 again, and anlwerfrom out of the cave wherein they had been beHowed : whereat he turned back, 
 and made hade thither. But as Cams forcibly made head againlf him^and would have kept him from 
 eXittznctMercvles fmote him with his club : and for ill his calling upon other herdmen for help,flew I 
 him outright. At the fame time Evander^ who fled out oi Pelopo>ixejtis, governed that Countrey, ra- 
 ther by a kind of countenance and authority, than by force and Lordly command. A man much ho- 
 nored for his wonderFull invention of Letters, a Ifrange and rarething among thole rude and unlear- 
 ned fort : but more honored for the opinion that the people had of his mocher Carmenta, reputed 
 to be a "oddefl'ejwhom for her fpirit of prophefie, ihofe countries, before that Syli/la came into Ita- 
 //,had in great reverence and idmivatioa.This Ez'a>jder being raifed with the cone ourle of the fbep- 
 herds, affrighted about the (iranger, guilty of manifeft murder, and hearing of the tatt committed, 
 and the occafion thereof: viewing well therewith theperfon of the man, his feature and favour, 
 more tlately a pood deal, and carrying a greater Majefty than the ordinary proportion of men ; de- 
 mandeth of him who he was. And as foon as he underHood his name, his father> and native Coun- k 
 try : O Hercules ('quoth he) the fon of Jtipiter,hi\ hail : my mother a mo(t true Prophetefs hath fore- 
 fbewed unto me, that thou fhaltencreafe the number ot heavenly wights, and that in this place an 
 Altarfhall be reared and dedicated unto thee, which the mo(f mighty andricheH nation one day of 
 ^n Maxm* (.j^g world fhall name Adaxima^'unA honour according to the ceremonies by thee ordained. In a good 
 hour be it Ipokenf quoth HercHles)ma theprefage I gladly accept : and lo givinghim his hand,faith- 
 fully promifed to accomplifb the will of the gods, and ere(fted H raightwaies and confecrated an Al- 
 tar in the place. There and then firrt, he fa.rihced one of the fairelt Oxen, chofen out ofthewhole 
 drove, calling to the minillry of that divine fer\ ice and teaft the Potitii and Ptnani, two molt noble 
 houfes at that time in thofe parts. It hapned fo, by chance,that the Potttii were ready at hand in due 
 time, and the inwards or intrals were let before them : which being eaten, the Pmarit came to the l 
 "ood cheat behind : whereupon the cuftome heid,that lb long as the family of the Pinam continued 
 they might not feed of the facred inwards. But the PotitiiSai.{t\x&.td by Evayider ^heamt the Priefts 
 of that holy facrifice many ages after: untiil the folemn fervice and minifieryof thisfamily wasput 
 over to publike fervants, and the whole Ifock of the PotitU utterly worn out and dead. Thefe were 
 the only for-ain facrifices of all other, that Ron^ultis leceixed and admitted, being even thenafur- 
 therer and maintainer of immortality, byhis ownprowefsatchieved, and whereunto his fortune 
 conducted him. Having in this manner religioufly performed and elfabliflied the fervice of the gods, 
 he aflembled the multitude to an audience : and foribat they could by no means but by Laws be 
 united together into one body and fociety of a people, he deviled St.; tutes, and miniflred JHflice un- 
 to them. And fuppofing that thole Laws would be accounted facred and inviolable of the wild and ^ 
 rudicallfortof men, in cafe he fliewed himlelf by fome regall en; gns venerable: he carried with 
 Royal! tohei. him a greater port and Majefly. not only in his robes and princely habit, but molt of all in the at- 
 tendame of twelve Officers and Sergeants called LiBores., whom he caufed to go ordinarily before 
 his perfon. Some think he chofe this number according to the birds,which by Augury did forefhew 
 and p ognoff irate his raign: I rather am of their opinion, who think that Sergeants at Arms, and 
 this kind of Officers came from the Tuf''ans their neighbours, from whence alfo the Ivory chair 
 ofdiate, CiWzA Sella curnlt I ^ and the Royall purple robe embroidered, mmtd Toga j)r&texta,yiis 
 fetched, as alfo the very number of Serjeants or Lidors. For that the lufcans had this manner, 
 when they chofc their King by thecommon voices of their twelve principall States, each one found 
 a Sergeant, All this while grew the City more and more to be fortified with Ramparts and Bui- ^ 
 warks as menflill built in fiindry places where they liked befl, feeming thereby to providera- 
 ther for a future mnkitude in time tocome. than for the prefentnumtier wherewith it was then 
 peoped. Fur hermore Jell that the City, fo large in compaffe, fhouldftand void and vacant, iJo- 
 niMlns for to en.reafe the number of the inhabitant.'; ( according to the old prailife of the founders 
 of Cities, who by gathering about them the bale multitude and obfcure,feigned that they were an 
 off-fpringborn out of the earth) fetupa Sanitnary, or lawlefle Church, called ^/y/«»?,in that place 
 whi^h atthisday between thetwo groves,isenclofed and fen ed round about with thick briers and 
 bramb'.es. Thither refortedf'as to a place of refogeyout of the neighbor Countiies,a rabble and con- 
 fufcd medley of all forts, tag and rag, bond and free, one with another J folk delirous of change and 
 novelty. O 
 
 So began fiifl the City according to the plot of large buiIdings,to be well peopled and grow migh- 
 ty. Thus being provided of power fufficient : he thought then upon a Councell and policy to his 
 power. And fo created a hundred Senators: either beCcniie that number feemed great einoiigh, 
 or for that there were no more but one hundred that were or worth to beelefted counfellors or 
 ( wife ) fathers. Thefe men certainly for honor and di;;nity were called P.nres or Sage fathers : 
 and their hneall defcent P,nritii or Nobles. Now by this time was the State oiRome fo mighty and 
 
 puiffant, 
 
 H^mulm ID) 
 kcrh Jtavrs- 
 
 lMt$Htl, 
 
 Chiir of e- 
 fla.<,cjlled 
 
 SrVa cutulU, 
 1 lie purnle 
 robe, called, 
 
 The ^fiihm 
 6r(lcrcaed. 
 
 The mBitut!. 
 onofaSeruK 
 
 Tare i, 
 tnritii.
 
 Thefirfi Bao\ of T. Li vius . 
 
 ^ puiffant, that h was able in fight to match any City neer adjoining whatlbever. But for default of 
 woman kind^ this puiflance was to endure but the age of one man : forneither had they hope ofil- 
 fueamongthemfelves at home? nor yet made marriages with their neighbors abroad. Whereupon 
 Romulus by iht ad vife of his Senators, fent Embafladors to the countries thereabout, to treat for 
 fociety and alliance for his nevy people, by way of marriage. Allcdging that Cities alio, as well as 
 otherthings, arofe oi bafe beginnings, and in procefs of time by thc-ir own proweis, and help of 
 God wichal,grow to great power and reputation : ''• Whereas therefore they werefuU well aflured , 
 *•'• that as the gods were graLious to their hrlt uprihng, fo their own vcrtue and valor fhould not be 
 " wandng: their neighbors ought not., in regard of common humanity,and as they weremcn5think 
 g "■ much and difdain to join in blood and kinred with them, being alio men as well as they. How- 
 beit, this embaflage in no place had g'entle audience and couiteous entertjinmenr. For they all in 
 general defpifed them, and were in teir for themlelves and their polierity, byreafcn of To mighty a 
 liate, entreahng in the midltof them, and under their \erynofes. And from the moU of them the 
 Emoaffadors were difmilkd and fent away, with thith this frump and dem.ind, Wheiher they had 
 let upaSanduary or iawlefs place for women too? For that were alone,.and a fit marriage indeed 
 to fort together. This took the youth of ^o»;f in great dilpleafnre, and doubdefle the quarrel "tew 
 like to be tried by knocks. But RowuIhs diffembhng his inward heart-burning, to the end he miohc 
 find time and place meettbr the purpofe, prepareth to fet forth certain folemn piayes and pames, 
 which he nameth Co»/«4/w, to the honor oi Nifttint: EqucJJns. Hereupon he commanded to pro- 
 
 Q clamethefegames all over the country adjoining ; and with as great prepjration and furniturej as in 
 inthofedayseithertheirskillorabiiity might afford, they celebrate the fame, and all to make the 
 fliewmoregoodly, and worthy fo greatexpe£lation. Thither re. oried many a cne, defrous allt) 
 to fee this new City, but their next neighbors efpeviilly oiCemna^ Crfifl:{mvinm^ 2t\d Antemxi : 
 The whole multitude ot Sabinslikewilecame with their wives and children. Who being friendiy 
 inured to their houfes. from one to another, and courteoufly entertained : when they beheld the 
 fituationofthe City,the (f rong walls and fair buildings, fo thkk (landing wondred how in fo fliorc 
 a fpace the City of Aewi? was grown lO great. Now when the time of this folemn light was come, 
 and that their minds were bu.ied, and their eyes bent thereon ; then at once, as it was aoreed be- 
 fore, there arole an uproar. And the youth of^ow<fupona token and watch-word oiven.°fell one- 
 
 D very fide to carry away the Sabin Maidens. A great many ofthem wereravifhed by hap hazzard, as 
 they did light upon them, and as they came next to their hands. Other feme more beautiful then 
 the relf , were appointed for the chief of the Senators, and by certain of the Commons, as they had 
 given them in charge, conveyed home to their houfes. But one paffing fair at?d lovely above all o- 
 thers, was hurried by the company or crue of one Tdjjfms (theyfay) and when as any asked to 
 whom theycariied her, they ever cried out (forfear fhe ihould beforced or deflowred) Thalalfia, 
 i.e. UntoThalffini. Whereupon ThJajJin became 2 common by-word at Weddings ever after. 
 Thus their fport and paHime upon this Hir and fright, was marred, and the Parents ot the Virgins 
 fled away with heavy cheer, blaming them highly, and complaining of their breach of hofpitalfty: 
 and calling upon the god for vengeance,to whofe fellival games they being come,were under colour 
 
 '^E ofreliglon and truth, beguiled. TheDamfelslikewife that wereravifi-.cd, conceived neither better 
 hope ofthemfelves.noriefs indignation againlt them. But ^ow«/,-«himfelf in perfon went from 
 one to another, declaring, '• That their fathers pride, wno denied their neighbors marriage was the 
 *' caufe of all this, promiiing neverthelefs that they fliould be linked in lavvful wedlock, made par- 
 *' takers of all worldly goods, obtain the freedom of a City,and(then,which nothing is more deer to 
 " mankind) enjoy theblefling of > hildren : exhorting them to appeafe their anger, and quiet thcm- 
 " felves, and to give them their hearts, whofe hap it was to have their bodies. For oftentimes up- 
 " on wrong and injury there groweth love and reconciliation.Alledging morcover,that they fhonld 
 *' ftnd their ipoules fomu.h more loiing and kind, as every one ofthem forhispatt would endea- 
 " vour, after they had in their turn and courfe fulfilled the duty to them of good husbands, for to 
 p" make amends, and fupply the mils they have of father, mother, and nativecoumrey. Theirhus- 
 bands withal ufed fairfpeeches, and flattering words, excufing the matter, and laying all the vveigbc 
 upon fervent affefkion and pure love : which kind ofperfwafion oi all other, prevaiteih moR w?th 
 ■ womens nature.Thus were the raviflied young Wive^ in fome fort quieted in mind, and held them- 
 felves well contented. But their fathers then mofl of all arayed inmourninj; vveed, with tears and 
 Jieavy complaints, ft irred np the Cities where they dwelt: neither contained they their mood with- 
 in home, butaffembled themfehes from ail parts unto TMiiu the King of the Sabins : and to him re- 
 paired their EmbafTages, for that the name oi Tat.-fis was highly renowned in thofe countries. They 
 ot.Ct«»^^ Crf.fiumi>jtim-, and Ar,temn£^ who were partly touched and grievedforthat wronf done 
 thought that 7W?>i and the Sabins dealt but coldly in the ztXion^ and went but flowly about re- 
 Q, venge. Thefe three nations therefore banded thrmlcKes, and agreed to prepare for war. But fo, 
 fharp fet were the Ceniniais th.rtthe menol C-'.ftuminy.ni and Amernrtc. beftirred not themfehes 
 ^ick enough for them. So they oiCcmna entr.-d a^one by forre of arms rhe Te-ritories of the Ro- 
 maj-!s. Asthey wafted .-ndfpoiled without oder and mcnfnre R-imfil .tmcc them with an army, 
 sndinonefmaliskirmifh made proof how Mood wichouMiehc is vain ind booclef«. Forhedif- 
 comfired, put to flight- and purfued in chafe their wiiole hoft flew their Kins in battel, a d him de- 
 fpoiled: and having flain their General, at the firftaffault he won the town: and after he bad from 
 
 thence 
 
 The Emfcat: 
 ftgeoti?o- 
 mttUu^ trcac- 
 '"3 tor mar. 
 
 ria-c. 
 
 The pauies 
 Ctf/aahJ. 
 
 Tbe Sabia 
 rraidcns ra* 
 Viftsd. 
 
 ThiUfiit' 
 
 Romuliu his 
 fpeech to 
 to the Sabin 
 maidens ra- 
 viflied. 
 
 of the S;ibins>' 
 
 TheConini- 
 .'n; defcatci. 
 Their Kin^ . 
 
 Hiin,
 
 g J befirfl Boo\of T. Livius, 
 
 thence brought back his army vvithconquett and vidlory , as a man no lefs defirous to fhevv his no- H 
 b'e a^3 with "lory, then to acchieve the fame by prowefsjhebare afore him on high as a pompous 
 p v-e^'ant in a Inme fitly for the purpofe wrought, the ipoile and armor of his enemies Captain^ by 
 ^..«;,« pre. him'.e'.fnam: andfoafcendeduptotheCapitoiH.il, where laying themdownat the Oak which 
 unt«h unto ^^^ {hepherds had in great reverence, he conlecrated them as a prelent to Jupiter : and lee out with- 
 '.'HC'thM al, the foundation and bounds ot a Temple unto him .• giving moreover this addition and title to 
 cf.hckingor j.j^g„Qj^ and fjiying Solemnly: '' O Ji^piter Feretrms, IKm^ Romulus v^OTimy vidory, prefentun- 
 ^hcceaim- ^^ ^^^^^'^ tl^is armoT ot a King, and within this compafs ot ground, which even now I have con- 
 «ceivedandafl>ned, 1 dedicate a Temple, to receive thofe rich and royalfpoils, which the po- 
 '•flerlty, iollowing mine example, fhallbearaway from the Kings and Captains general of their I 
 "enemies- whom they fliall happen hereafter to kill. This is the very beginning of that Temple, 
 which tirrt of all other was in Rome conlecrated. And fo it pleated God, that neither the firft foun- 
 ders words were fpoken in vain, whereby he foretold and pronounced, that his polkrity ftiould ■. 
 brin" their fpoils thither: nor his glory made vulgar and common to many co-partners with him 
 inche like exploit and glorious prefenc. For after him, info many years, and after fo many wars,' 
 Byr.mri. two royal fpoils only were won of the enemies.So rare was thehappinefs of honor in that behalf. . 
 fijfm and \;v'hilH the Romans were thus employed about Ceniyia., the army of the AMemnates^ taking the van-. i 
 M.Ma>ccSiu. ^.g^gpfj-j^g 3j,joffh£]^omans ablence from home,and feeing their frontiers without a goard^with 
 TheAntem- j pQ^gr of armed men entred the confiuts of iJw;^. Againit whom alfo theRoman Legionmade 
 Ihcownltad head in allhafte, and fin ding them fcattered out ot order in the fields, charged upon thein. By reafon K-. 
 .heirelty ^jjgj-gof^ at the very firit fhotk and (hout made difcomfited were the enemies and their town lur- 
 ^/r"(«wife prized. As Romulus ttiMmtd with triumph and joy for theletwovittories, his Wife Herfilia, at 
 toRomHiM, jj^g importunate lute ot the Wives that had been ravifhed, earnellly befought him to pardon their 
 '• fathers, and receive them into his City : for fo by concord and unity the Weale-publick, and the 
 '= "ood eftate of his Kingdom might flourifb and grow mighty. This lute was gently heard, and 
 foon obtained. After this, he let forth againit the Crulfuminians that began to war upon him: 
 with whom he had the lefs ado-forthat theircourages were well abated already by the overthrows 
 Colonies of of Others. To both thefe places as unto Colonies, were new inhabitants fent.But the greater num- 
 foii ^Mt'e"d' berwere'defirons to enter their names, and to plant themfelvesat Crfffiuminftm-, for the fertility of 
 ^ * the foil And many likewife removed from thence to iKowe, the parents efpecially and kinsfolk of L 
 the ravifhed women. Lad of all, theSabins warred far more fharply and dangeroufly then the , 
 TheSabinj ^^^ fomothin" did they either in fury and rage, or for covetous defire of fpoil. Neither made they 
 make w»t. ^^^^5 ^^^^ ^^^^ of war, before they warred indeed and were feen in field. And befides this theircon- 
 ThcCiftic fiderate policy, they dealt alfo with i-ratt and fnbtilty. For whereas one Sp. Tarpeius had thecharge 
 oi-niimtbc- ^j J Jig Caille in J?9we, his daughter a young maiden, Tatms with a fum of money corrupted and pro- 
 sabau.""'"^ cured, at what time as fhe went to fet^h water without the walls for facrifice, to receive armed 
 fouldi'ers into the fortrefs. But fo foon as they were let in, they with their armor fmothered and 
 killed her: eitherfor that thereby it might be thought the Cal^je was won by force: or becaufe 
 they would make heranexampleto polferity, that no Traitor fhould ever thinkto efcape unpuni- 
 flied. But hereto belongeth a tale,namely,that the Sabins ufed commonly on their left arms to wear M 
 •' ■ bracelets of maflie and weighty gold, and fair rings behdes on their fingers, let with precious flones 
 
 of oreat value : and thar flieco* enanted and agreed with them to have that which they wear on 
 the'ir left hard ;, whereupon fhe had their targets in ftead of thofe golden ornaments, heaped upon 
 her. Ochersfay th^t iiponagreement and covenant madeto deliver that which was on their left 
 hands, flie demanded their armor, and becaufe fliefeemed to deal deceitfully, flie was overtaken 
 therewith and perifhed by receiving a reward of her own chufing. However it was, the Sabins 
 werepofieffedoftheCaftle. From whence the morrow after (when as the Romans army well ap- 
 pointed in battel ray. had taken up and overfpread the whole plain that lieth from mount Palatine 
 to the hii Capitol) they would not come down on even ground before that the Romans partly net- 
 led with anger, and partly pricked with an hot defire to recover the Cadle again, began with their N 
 "rear diiadv^antage to climb againit the hill. Whereupon the Captains on both fides joinedbattel. 
 b""f»'Ro' A/ff/«rr«rr;»( for the Sabins, Hoft,m f/f/?,7'f« for the Romans : who albeit he was on the lower 
 maiTind sa- oround yet in the forefront mof+ . ouragioufly and Itoutly underwent the brunt of the confli5:.But 
 ^j?*: .^. fo foon as he was flrucken down and flain,incontinently the Romans retired andgave ground: and 
 M."** "' thus difcomfited fled backward to theoldgate of /*4te»«w. Romulus himfelf alfo, born back with 
 miM Ho- j.j^g gj-j and throng of thofe that fled, lift up his weapons on high towards heaven, and cried out 
 fayi'ii": 'oy.'z/'jfrA I ^flw«/«/ by thy direition guided and ruled, have herein this monmi Pala- 
 ""^TtL'dt' "fi^J'laid the foundation of this City ; and now already have the Sabins bv corruption and treache- 
 to/4'it"S"- " ry got the Citadel and fortrefs thereof: from whence they having pafled the midft of the valebe- 
 ""• "iw"een,make hither in hafle with force of arms .• But thou O father of gods and men, vouchfafe O 
 
 "yet from hence at leaflwifetorepulfe the enemies, deliver the Romans from this fo great fear, and 
 '' ff ay their fliameful flight. And here to thee O Jupiter Stator I vow a Temple, for a memorial to 
 " all poRerity, that by thy preient help this City was favedandpreferved. Thus having once pray- 
 ed, asifhehad known for certainthat his prayers were heard. Even here (quoth he)OyeRomans 
 doth 7Mp>frO/)r.2W<?.v.«. thebelf andgreatefl of all the gods command you to ffay and begin the bat- 
 tel aff ofh. Herewith the Romans, no lefs then if they had been commanded from heaven above, 
 
 made
 
 Tbefirfl Boo\of T. Livius, 
 
 f^ made a Rand, And RomHlm'm perfonhyed him with .ill fpeed to the form oft in the vanguard. Now 
 
 was o^<^"»-f C«y//«J3prini.ipal leader ot the SAbins, run down from the Calile, and had fcattered 
 
 and chafed the Romans back as far as the i-V;»w or common place of Rome .it this day reatheth in 
 
 length :and being come within a Jiule ot thcgateof/';;;/;;ir/«»,-, he litt uphis voi^e and uied aloud : 
 
 '' Vanquifht we havethcfe faithlefs friends, and heanlefsfoes : and now know they weli,ic is one 
 
 "thing toravifh maidens, and a tar other thing lohght with men. ]nthis lort, ashe bra\ed itoiic, 
 
 Jiomtilus with a troopofluliy young men, made head againit him. Mcm^shs^ly at that timefoiiohc 
 
 on Horieback, whereby he was forced the fooncr to recuie, and the Romans made afterandpur- 
 
 fued him. The other battel of the Romans in like manner, being miuh en:oi]r;iged with the valour 
 
 g of their King, dilcomnted the Sabms. jW</;/?/ with hishorfe imderhim, afi'iighied at the noife of 
 
 them thar ran after, leapt into a mariln or bog thereby. Which accident, conlidering the danger of 
 
 ■fo great a perfon,madethe Sabins to lookback to him. And he verily taking heart again at the cal- 
 
 ■ ling and encouragement ot many of his favourites, eicaped. But the Romans and Sabins both, in 
 
 ihemiddle valley between the tvvo hills, renew the battel again : where the Romans get the better 
 
 hand. Then theSabineDames, tor whole wrongful iifage ail this wararofe,with their hair hanging 
 
 loof(; abouctheirfnoulders^andrentingiheirgarmcntSjfor very oriel andlorrow palt ail fear, ven- 
 
 ^ "tured to run amongU the javelins and darts as they flew: and thus having thrull themfelves violent- 
 
 - 'lyoverth-watt between them, began to part thefe bloody armies, and to end their deadly tend : Be- TheSjbiis 
 
 leeching their own fathersontheonet'ide, and their husbands on the other, that they being fathers womcnto 
 
 JE -and fons in law . wouidnot embrew themfelves with lb unkind and unnatural bioodlned nor as par- bin's and'f*- 
 
 ricides, murder the young ones newly born, Ibme their grand-children, and other.; their own heirs '•'«"» 
 
 of their body begotten. "If ye our fat hers, think much(fay they)of the afiinity between our hus- 
 
 " bands and you, or it'ye our husbands are difpleafed with our mariiag*^, bend all your anger and 
 
 *' mali eagainll us: wearethecaufe of thiswar, we are the caufe ot wounding and killing both 
 
 *' husband and father: yet will we rather die then live either Orphans without the one, or Widows 
 
 '*• without the other. This thing moved as well the multitude of Soindiers, as alfo the Captains; 
 
 and p.efentiy ot a hidden all was huflit, and thefighc cealed. Whereupon, the Generals came forth 
 
 to con lude a League Neither made they peace only, but one City ol two: united their Realms, 
 
 and joined together m the Regiment : but the royal cftate they t'etlcd in Rome. 
 
 D The City thus being made one of twain, the Romans forte gratifie the Sabins in fome fort, were 
 
 oiCures^z townof the Sabins, called ^/r;ff/. And for a memorial of that battel, the very place c,uittuu 
 where C«!-f/«/, after he was gotten out of the deed marini,firftfer his horle on fir.m ground, was "^ 
 named Cunms his lake. This joyous peace enfuing prefendy upon fo cruel w: r, made thefe women Ci'tinst'eiu; 
 better be loved of their husbands and parents : but eipecially oi Romulus himfelf.And therforc when cmu ja. 
 he divided the City into thirty WardsorPariflies, he called them by their names. But it is not left 
 inany record (for out of a]l queliion the women were far more in number then fo) whether thofe 
 that fhould give names unto the Wards, were chofen by age, or by their own dignity and worthi- 
 nefs, or their husband ^ degree and calling, or by calfing lots. At the fame time were enrolled and 
 ordained thr-e Centuries ofGentiemen or Knights: The .^.zw«e»/^.f were fo called o'i Roniptlns^\!ae 
 ^E T'^'^^/f/of T/f^x Tizr/w ; butofthenameandtiril beginning of the Luceriiws, the occ^fion is not *'*""""' 
 ■I certain. Sothele two Kings not only raigned together but alfo governed with great unity and con- 
 "cord. But after certain years the kinred of King Taum c han:ed to beat and evil entreat the Embaf- 
 fadors oi Laurentum. And when as the Laureniines pleaded thelavv of Nations, for fatisfaflion of 
 this outrage ; Tatius his kinsfolk what by favour, and what by intreaty,. pre:vailed mere with him 
 then thejuftcomplaint of the others. Whereby he brought vengeance due to them upon his own 
 head : for being come upon a time to Lavinium^wnto a folcmn facrifice and.feaft, there in^in uproar 
 or hurliburly the people ran upon him, and l"o was heflain. Which thing (ttiey fay) Romdns made 
 lefsregardofthen was meet: either for that tellowflaipinLordnTip is never faithfiil> orbecaulehe dsi'si"""^' 
 efteemed him not unjulily tobe made away. Whereupon he forbare indeed to make war: yet to 
 p the end the wrong done unto the Embafladors, together with the murder ofthe King, mightbe ex- 
 piate and purged clean away, the League between the Cities of /Jo^jf and L.vn-.um was renewed. 
 But whillt peace verily was beyond mens expectation with them concluded : teliold another frefh 
 war arofe5 much neererthen the other, and hard almofi at their very gates. For the peopleof f/- 
 ^f /je fuppofing the Romanspower and riches toencreafe over much foneer unto them. ; before they 
 fiiouldgrowtofuch greatnel's as they were like to do, began firlv to war upon them: and lending a 
 power ofluRy tall fouldicrs, invaded and walled allthe country betweentheCity of AWfand tf 
 d.rne. And taking their way on the left hand, tor that the Ty'vr kept from the other, they forraged 
 and fpoiled as they went, to the great fear ofthe Peatants and country people. So as this I'udden 
 tumult and garboil heard out ofthe fields into the City, brought the firflnews of the war, Romnhis 
 Q raifed therewith (for fo nigh a warmight bear no delay)led forth his army, pnd encamped within a 
 mile of Ttdene' and leaving there a competent guard he departed thene with all his other forces, 
 commanding part of his fouldiers to lie clofe in certain covert places among the thickets in ambufh- ^ ftrata'-m ' 
 ment. Himfelf with the greaternumber, and al' his hnrfe :;d. an ed forward and riding up and ofsomiU. 
 down before their gates after adiforderedand bragging manner, midefembl-'nt of a bravado, and 
 all to train the enemy forth, which was the thing he only fotight. This kind of horfe lervire was a 
 means that the Fidenateslelsfufpecled and marvelled at their flying, which they were to counter- 
 feit.
 
 lO 
 
 7 hefirfl Boo\of T. Livius, 
 
 liu. 
 
 K 
 
 feit. For whillUhe Cavalry Hood unrelblved, as it were, in a matnmering whether toflyorfi<^ht G 
 and the Infantry withal began to retire : all at once the enemies in throngingmanner fallied torch of 
 the gates, and chafed the Romans fo fiercely, that in their eager purfuii they were drawn to the ve- 
 ry place of ambufli. Thence the Romans fuddenlyarofe, and charged the flanck of the enemies; And 
 to encreafe their fright, they likewife that were left behind to guard the camp, fiievved chemfelves 
 \Vith banners difplayed. So the Fidenates terrified fundry ways, before well neer that Romtdns3.r\d 
 bis men of arms could rein about their horfe-heads, turned their backs, and rodefuU gallop towards 
 the town again, and fo much the faller, forthat they fled now in good earneft themfelves, that pur- 
 fued them, who a little before made but femblance thereof. Yetfor all this could they not elcape 
 theenemy: for the Romans bard at their heels, rulbed together with them pel-mel into the town j, 
 before the gates could be (but againli them. At this Fidenatianwarfpreading fo danoeroufly, the 
 Veieniians grew angry in their hearts,and began to chafe. Touched they were alfoin regard of kin- 
 dred and alliance : for the Fidenates were likewife Tufcans. And fearing led (ifthe Roman forces 
 fliould thus diflrefs and lie upon all the borderers) they being fo neer fhould notgo free they were 
 the ratherpricked forward, and thereupon made rodes, and entredinarms the confines of Rome 
 fpoiling and rifling, morelike robbers thenprofefled warriers. So without pitching any tents or 
 abiding the coming oftheir enemies, but only driving and carrying away great booties out of the 
 fields, they return again to l^cii. The Romans contrari wife, not finding the enemies in the field but 
 yet provided and refolved to give battel, and to hazzard all, paffed over the Tyber. Whom the Vei- 
 entians underftanding to be encamping themfelves, fully minded to come againft their City.-iflued 
 The veienti- ^"h and met them, intending to try the quarrelby dint offwcrd, and in open field, ratherthento 
 aB.diTcomfi. be mued up Within the town, andtofight and defend themfelves from off their houfes and vvalls 
 ted yK.w«- y^gj.^ the Roman King with the flrength only of his old beaten fouldiers, without any other help 
 and fupply whatibever, without policy or ftratagem, had the better : and having thus difcomfited 
 the enemies, he chafed them even to their very walls. And for that the City was exceedin<^ ftron'» 
 fortified as wellby natural fituation, as by walls, he forbareto affaulc it. But in his recuni home- 
 ward, he wafted thecoumry^ more upon a mind to revenge, than hope of fpoil. With this defeature 
 the Veientians no lefs lubduedthen if they had loft a field, fent Orators to Rornetofii&^ox: peace • 
 unto whom Truce was granted for an hundred years, but they were amerced to lofe part of their 
 lands, Thefe were in manner all the afts that were done both at home and abroad, durino^ the rei^n 
 o'i Romulus. Whereofnonefeemedto derogate any jot from the opinion, both ofhisdTvine birth 
 r«c »«,. 3nd beginning, and al[o of his immortality or deification after his death. Such was his courageous 
 mendatioBof heart in recovering his Grandhres Kingdom : his policy and wifdominfounding the City firft° and 
 '"""'"' after in eftablilhing and governing the fame, as well in war as in peace. By whofe good proceedings 
 it got fuch flrength, and fo fure footing, that for forty years fpace after, it enjoyed peace with fafe- 
 ty. Neverthe'efsofhis Commons he was better beloved then of his Nobles: but above all his 
 Souldiers moft heartily afFe6^ed him : of vyhom he had always about him, as Efquires of the body 
 three hundred Penfioners armed, not only in time of war, but alfo of peace, whom he called Cel 
 Thushavingatchieved thefe noble and immortal deeds, asheupon a time aflembled alibis people 
 upon the plain, at the marifh Capr£,ihtit to number or mufier his army:behold upon a fudden there \ 
 arofe a tempeft with great cracks of thunder, which with fo thick and cloudy a ftorm, covered the 
 King, that the people loft the fight of him. And never after was Romulus feen on earth The Ro- 
 man youth , after their fear was at length paft, and that upon lo dark and troubiefome weather it 
 proved a fair day again, and calm withal, feeing the Kings Throne empty, albeit they credited 'the 
 Senators that flood next about him., who gave out he was taken up aloft in the ftorm : yet ftrucken 
 into fad dumps, as it were for the lofs oftheir fathcr,held their peace agood while. But afterwards 
 when fome few ofthem had once begun, they all fet on and cried aloud. All hail god Romulus the 
 fo'i of agod, King a>jd Father of the City of Rome:_ With earneft prayer beleeching him ofhisorace 
 that he would vouchfafe to be propitious, and fave their off-fpring and pofterity forever I am of 
 this mind, that fome there were even then, that fufpeiled and fecretly furmifed that the*Kin<T was 
 pul'ed inpisces by the hands of the Nobles. For this rumor alfo was bruited abroad, although in^ 
 very dark and oblciire tearms. But by reafon ofthe high admiration ofthe man, and the prefentfear 
 withal, the former opinion took place, and was more currant. Over and behdes, it "rew the rather 
 credible, through the politick praftife of one perfon. For as the whole City was pWive and for- 
 rowful for the mifs ol their King, and fore difplea!"ed with the Senators, one Procuhs Ivlius a fub- 
 ftantial good author (as men fay; and to be beleeved in a matter of great importance, flepped forth 
 into the affembly. " Romulus (quoth he) O Qutntes^ the Founder and Patron of this Citv even 
 " this very morning at the day break, defcendedfuddenly down from heaven and met me and as 
 " I ftood all quaking for fear, ready to worlbiphim. and humbly befeechingthatlmioht behold 
 '• him face to fare : Away (quoth he)and tell the Romans that the will ofthe gods inhea'venis that 
 •'myC!tyof/?,;»f fhallbe theheadandchief ofthe whole world: will them therefore to follow'^ 
 « and praftile chivalry, and the knowledg thereof: and wot this well, and fo let them teach their 
 "pofterity to wit Thatno power in the world fliall be able to withftand the puiffanceof theRo- 
 "mans. Which (faid he) was not fo foon fpoken, but he afcended on high, and departed Awon- 
 der It was to fee, how much they gave credit to this mans tale, and how greatly themifs o'i Romulus 
 both among the Commons and the Army, was by thisbeljef of his immorraJity, digefted. 
 
 In 
 
 Truce be- 
 tween Ro- 
 mans and Vi- 
 entiansfjrsn 
 hundred 
 years- 
 Tke eom. 
 
 tlnKtleti 
 
 CtUret. 
 
 Tffmnbii bis 
 end. 
 
 Tliefpeech 
 ofTruu'.m 
 luUiu.
 
 TbefirflBoo\ofTXivm, 
 
 ji 
 
 A In this mean whde the Senators fell to flrive who fliould be King, and the defire of roveraiantv 
 troubled much and perplexed their mmds. But as yet, there was no banding nor idin" from^.n^ 
 one perlon in particular.- tor that in a State lb newly rifen, andotlb fmaikontinu/ne" there was 
 notonethatfarexcelledanotherinauthority All the contention was between the two feveral smfeb.- 
 failions in general. I-or they that were delcended ottheSabins, tearing kit becaule after the death "^"""^' 
 of 7:.r.«. there was none oUheir part that hadnigned with Rom.l.s in equal jnrifdiaion, they sZTf:: 
 fliould now lole their poflefLon and title to the Crown , were delirous lo have a Kir- < ho'en nnr "'= ^'°*" 
 otthe.rcorp r.t.on The old Romans again might not abide an alien or forraigneAo be Kin" 
 Howbeit, thusd.verny afFed^ed as they were a King they all will needs have, as who (God woO 
 5 had not yet tailed the iweetnefs of liberty and freedom. Belides, the Nobles bc-an to fear led oer- 
 adv enture in cafe the hearts ol many Cities thereabouts, ft ou!d not be well difpoTed, but nrov oked 
 again(lthem,lome iorraign power would make invahon, finding the City withor.t .o-ernmenr 
 andthearmy without a Captain. Therefore they all liked well t J ha^e one head, burnonecould 
 find in his heart to give place unto another. Whereupon the hundred Senators afl-oci.ue -md com- 
 bine togetherin the rule ot theCommon-weale, by dividingthemlehesintotcn Dccuries andSr 
 . every Deairychulnig one to bear the chiete authority. So that ten governed at once, butonea- 
 lone had the regal Eni-ns and the L.dors before him. This loveraignty and preheminene deter- 
 mined every hve days: and thus went It through them all round in courfe. After which manner 
 they continued the fpace ot on. year. And the government upon this occafion was (as it is (till at 
 C this day) called Intcrrejr.um 1 hen atter a year began the Commons to grudge and mutter that 
 their fervitnde was greater then before, having now Lords over them,an hundred for one : and fee- 
 med they vvouldno longer endure but have a Kingagaiu, yea, and one oftheir own chufin- The 
 Senators feeing them thereabouts and takingittobegood policy for to offerthat oftheir own ac- 
 cord, which they were otherwHelike to forgo, curaed favour with them in this wile, to wit bv 
 
 fe?T''■^l^)'^^^'^^^T^ ?'° 'k ^ P';'P'' ^'" '-^r^- * ^'""^ 5'^^^^'^^ ^hey gave them nogrea» 
 Kr pnviledg, then they re erved to them^el.es Forthus ic was decreed, that when the peoole had 
 elefted a King, it niould Hand hrm and racihed, if the Senators liked thereof, and -ave thereto their 
 royal affent. And even at this day in making of Laws, and chufing of M.ioillrates o? Rulers the fame 
 right... .n fome lore obierved, letting afide the violence of Tribunes. ¥ox that now before thepeT 
 D pie give tneir vx)ices, the Senators pafle by the.r authority, that which they would have done fall 
 Koutintheafiembly of people, by fcrut.ny,doubtfi,lasitwiil. Toproceed then, the IntmeUnc 
 having called a general Parliament : Iti the name ot God (quoth he) O Q..ntes, and which ma'y be 
 Vn^U^' "'Si' ' Prolperous, e led, or nominate ye a new King : for fo is the good pleafure 
 cftheNobles and Senators: and in ca^e ye ftall eka ? manoffuchqualityasmaybedeemed wor- 
 thy to lucceed /?.».«/«.•, then wil they by their affent pais the fame, and allow thereof This oleafed 
 and contented the Commons fo highly, that becaufe they would not feem behind in bounty and 
 courtehe, they anlwered again, thatthis only they ordained and agreed upon, to wit ihactheSe- 
 mtefhou;d determine whofljouldbeKing of ^,.,,.. Ther^w.asintTlofedaysone.^7;.^^ P.;W,,« 
 .much renowned apd elleemed for his ju(i hfe and religious : he dwelt in cL, a City of the sE' 
 
 . E 9 man right skilful and very well feen ^as any one might be in that age) in all Laws both divine and 
 humane: wholereacher and firftmader, for want of other Ai«hor of his Scien.eand Knowled-e 
 (theyfay)butyetunrruely, v^^sPytk^.^ora, oi Sn^.s. Concerning whom, this is well known, that 
 he I oo. years after and above in the days of ^«-^i«. Tnlhus King of Ro;„e, held a School of youn- 
 ,ipen Students, that were his Difc.ples, and followed his Seft, in theutmoft and fartheli coaft of /r/ 
 /^ about Aietapantum Her.iclca,^rA Croton. From which places (albeit he had lived in that time) 
 ^7hatfameofblmcouldlpreadlofaraslotheSabins.> or by what eKtercourle andaffinity oflan^ 
 gwage might he poffib^y have trained any man unto him for denre of learning at his hands ? or bv 
 vy.hatgood means and help, could A7..^..nrayel alone unto him in fafetv, ihroueh fo many coun- 
 tries, ofdnerstonpues and fundry manners? lam of this opinion rather, that rhemanby nature 
 
 ; f Vy.as framed and difpofed to vertue, and that he wa^ in<?ruaed not fo much in ('ran-e and forraion 
 Sciences, as after that flnilrule that Hern and feveredif ipline of the ancient Sabins ; then whom 
 th. re was not , I nation in times part, more precipe, reformed, and void of corruption The Roman 
 .^.enators hearing the name o{N:ma, akhough they Ciw well enough, that theSabins were 'ike to 
 j^i^y^ of great reputation and power, by chuiing their King irom among them, yet was there none 
 of ffiemfo audacious, as topie:er either themtelves, or anv one oftheirV.rty and faction not any 
 onc,I;ay, Senator or Citizen, before that man: but a] in general with oneaccord a^eed to- on- 
 terthe Kingdom v^ov^Nm-.a Pomf lius. Who beingfent fc-r and come; like as y?.,v-..7,"ar thefo-m- 
 ding of the City was inaugurate King,or attained to the Crown by mear^s of AuanrY:fo a'fo he would 
 needs^that the wi J and counfel of God fhould be fought for, xmdAn? his own eleaion Where- 
 
 ^ upon he was by the Augur (unto whom forever afterthat pnblick Mini/iry or Prie'^hood' in rc-ard 
 of honor and reverence by patent belon;:ed) brought unro t'-Caflle hiil, and there he let him 
 down nqon a ftone, with his face toward the South. Then the Au;;uron his left ( de with head 
 covered, took his place: holding in his right hand a fmomh ftaffwirhont knot orknob andhoo- 
 kedto wards the top, which they called Lnma. From whence atVr rh-t he had wi-h "oodadvife 
 faken a profped and view towards the City and Country, and made his i.ravcr. unto the ^ods he 
 .i?^i?ited the quarters ofthe Heaven, from EaH to Weft : and the parts Southward he appointed for
 
 12 
 
 7 befirfl Boof{of T. Livius, 
 
 the right hand, andthofe Northward fortbe left. And lb far as ever he could caft his eye and fee H 
 forward, he imagined to himfelf a mark : then ftiifting his liafFinto his left hand, and laying the 
 richt hand upon 7V«wrf his head, he prayed in this formiO Fatherjap/r^?-, ifitmaybe right andlaw- 
 fuT, that this iV«»;^? Pompiltus, whofe head I lay my hand upon, (hall be King of Rome, fhew I be- 
 feech thee fome certain and manifeft (igns within that compafs and thofe precmits, that 1 conceived 
 and lee our. Then pronounced he in plain words what tokens by fight or flight of fowls he would 
 have to appear. Which being once feen, A/«w<i was declared King, andfo came down from the 
 Temple or place of profpeft abovefaid. 
 
 In this manner, being inaugurate and invefted in the Kingdom, heprovideth by good Orders, 
 Laws, and CuLloms, to re-edifie, as it were, that City, which beforetime had been new built by force I 
 and arms. Whereunto, he feeing that they might not be brought and framed in time of war, whofe 
 hearts were already by continual warfare grown wild and favage: and fuppofing that this fierce 
 people might be made more gentle and tratlable.through difule of arm?,he therefore built the Tem- 
 ple oijams in the netherend of the llreet ylrgiUtHm^ in token both of war and peace : with this 
 invention, that being open it (Lould fignifie, that the City was in arms ; and ftanding fhut, that all 
 the neighbor countries were in peace and quiet. Twice only after the raign of Numa was this Tem- 
 ple fhut : once, when T. Manlius was Conful, after the firH Carthaginian war was done and end- 
 ed: and afecond timei'asGod would^in our ageforus to fee, when as the Emperor Cinfar Au^m- 
 fius^ after the battel of ^ff/»»;( with Antomm and Cleofatra) had obtained peace both by Land 
 and Sea. A/«»;<tthen having knit the hearts of the borderers about him in firm league and amity, K 
 and thereupon clofed up the doors of '^emtu^ fecured now from all fear and care of dangers abroad, 
 yet doubting left through eafe and id lenefs their minds might fall to loofenefs and riot, whom the 
 dread of enemies and martial difciplir.e had held in aw and good order: devifed above all things 
 to flrike fome fear of God into them,and to plant religion in their hearts:a policy no doubCj with the 
 fimplemultitude(rudeiD thofe days and ignorant) moft effeftual. Which reverence of God, for 
 that it could not fmk nor enter well into their heads, and take a deep impreffion, without fome de- 
 vice of a fained miracle, he made femblance, and gave out. that he convened in the night feafon,and 
 had, I wot noD what, fecret conference with the goddefs ty£geyi.i. By whofe counfel and diredion 
 forfooth, he ordained fuch divine fervice and facrifices to the gods, as to them was moft accepta- 
 ble : and to every god appointed feveral Priefts for the miniftery thereof accordingly. But firft a- t 
 boveall other things he divided the year, according to the courfe of the Moon,into twelvemonths: 
 andforasmuch as the Moon hath notfull thirty days to every month, whereby fome days are wan- ■^ 
 tino to make up the juft year, alter the revolution and circle of the Sun : he, by putting the odd days 
 between every month, fodifpofed and ordered the year, that in every three and twenty years fpacc 
 the days agreed juft to the fame point of the Sun from whence they began, and fo made up the void , 
 fpaces, and accompliftiedfully the term of every year. He apj. ointed likewife law days and days of ; 
 vacation,called F^fti and A^^fl;/?/, thinking it good, that otherwhiles there fhould be reft from at- 
 tendance on the Courts, and no dealing- with the people. After this, he fet his mind about the cre- 
 ation ot Priells, albeit in his own perfon he performed very many facrifices, efpecially thofe which at 
 this day pertain to the Prieft oijii-piter, called TUmeti DidU. And fuppofing that in a City fo mar- Nf 
 tial, there fhould fucceed more Kings like to Romnlm then Numa^ who in proper perfon would go 
 forth to war : left haply the divine minifiry that belonged to the King, might be negleifted, he cre- 
 ated aFlamine to Juf:ter^ for to be a facrificer continually refident: endued and adorned him with 
 a rich cope orveflment,ard with an ivory chair offtateupon wheels, called ^fZ/^ic/^r^/^-. Unto him 
 he adjoined two Flamines more ; one for il/^r/. another for ^ /W??«/. Heinftituted alfo a Nun- 
 nery, as it were, ofreligiousVefial Virgin?. APriellhoodthat had the begmning from v4/^.t, and 
 futed well with the hcufe, from whom the firft founder of the City was defcended. And to the end 
 they {"hould attend continually about the Church, as refiant Chaplains, he allowed them an ordina- 
 ry fee or penfion, at the publick charges of the City : and made them byperpetuai vowed virginity 
 and other ceremonies to be reverenced and accounted holy, Likewife unto Afars Gradivtts he e- N 
 g^lji^ leded twelve Priefts called J^//;, and gave unto them a rich purple coat, embroidered for an orna- 
 
 ment, and to wear upon that coat a brazen brefl-plate, and to bear certain fcutchions or bucklers 
 ^xciiit, that fell from heaven, called Ancilia: commanding them to run about the City, chanting hymns 
 and longs, with dancing and leaping full folemnly. Moreover, he chofe for a Superintendent or 
 high Prieft, Numa Martms.^ the Ion of Marcus^ one of the Senators •• and to him he gave in writing 
 fet down under his hand andfeal, a rule, whereby he might know what beafis fliould be killed for 
 facrifice,upon what days, and at which Temples, and how the money fhould be levied and disbur- 
 fed for the defraying of all charges. All other facred rites as well publick as private, he fubmitted 
 andreterred to thedifcretion and ordering of that high Prieft: to this end, that the common peo- 
 ple might know unco whom they were to refort for counfel and inflru6>ion, and that no parr, ofo 
 Gods worfliip and fervice fliould by negled of the ancient rites and traditions of their own coun- 
 try, be confounded and corrupted by bringing in any ftrange and forraign fuperflitions. He ordai- 
 ned befides> thatthefame Arch-Prelate ftiould teach, not only thefe heavenly ceremonies, butal- 
 fofuneral obfequies, and how the fpirits beneath, and ghofts of bodies departed, fhould be quieted 
 and pacified: and what ftrange and prodigious tokens, thatcameby way of lightning , thunder, 
 ot any other fearful fight whatfoever, (hould be expiate andpurged by facrifice accordiiigly. And ^ 
 
 for ' i
 
 Tbefirfi Boo{ofT. Livius. 
 
 I? 
 
 1^ for CO know the truth, portended by thel'e tokens even from the minds^ of heavenly fpirics above 
 he confecrated unto J/ipirer Eltaus an altar upon the mount A-ventme. And by the means of Au- 
 gury, he conlulted with thatgod, what things he was to enterprize and go about. VVhiKltbe 
 Wholemulticude was thus drawn away, and Clean turned from thinking ot force and arms, and 
 buhed about devihng and ordering of thefe matters, not only their minds were occupied in doin<^ 
 fomewhat, but aifo the continual fear of God now fetled in them, (as being perfwaded that the 
 heavenly power was prefentin the managing of mens affairs^ had pollelVed now all their hearts 
 with fuch piety and rel'.gious holinefs, that faithful prom ife once made, and the reverence of an 
 oath taken, abandoning all fear of law and puniQiment,wasable to rule and govern the City. And 
 g as the people framed and reformed themfelves to the fafliions and manners of their Kincr, as the 
 only and ipecial pactcrn x.o follow •• fo the nations likewife borderi.ng upon them, who beforctime 
 verilythoughc that City tobe built, and as it wereencamped in the midii of them to thedilfur- 
 bance and difquietingot all their peacCjwere now become io refpedtive of them,chat they thought 
 it an impious and hnfiildeed, once to offend or offer abufe to that City, fo well civ en, and devo- 
 ted to the woriliip andfervice of God, Fuichermore, there was a grove, themidlf whereof was 
 watered continually by a ipringthatiflued out of a dark and fliadowed cave: into which, becaufe 
 Ntm<* ufed very oft to retire nimfelt alone, without any other, as it were, to have familiar com- 
 pany with tyEaeria.^ he dedicated that grove unto the Mufes, for that , their affiHance alio in coun- 
 fel and advife he delired together with his wife ty££eria. And to F.rr/; alone he inllituteda fo- 
 C lemn yearly feftival day, and credtedachappel: Unto which he commanded the Flamines to ride 
 in an arched or embowed dole Chariot, drawn with two horfes, and to facrifice and execute 
 their funftion, with their hands covered and wrapped dole to their fingers ends: fignifyinc there- 
 by, that faith is to be kept and prefer ved : and thither feat was facrcd and confecrated even upon 
 theright hands. Many otherlacrihces, and places for facrihce, which thePriefts call Ar^eos^ did 
 he appoint and dedicate. But of all his adts this was motf worthy and memorab]e,that during the 
 time of his raign be had no lelVe regard to preferve peace, then to maintain royal efface and domi- 
 nion. Thus two Kings one after another, taking either of them a feveralcourfe byhimlelf, that 
 one by war, this other by peace, migfitily pronaoted the welfare of the City, RonKilas tl\"ne.d 
 37. years, Nitrna^T.. So chat now the City became very puifl'anc, asbeingwell and equally tem- 
 D pered both with feats ot arms, as alfo with difcipline of peace. 
 
 UponthedeathofAww^ the regiment returned Jgainco anincer-raign. Then the people no- 
 •minated and elefted for their King,wich the royal aflent of the Senators Tuihts HoftUiw^z'ae. Ne- 
 phew orGrandfonofthat//o/?///«j, who had in times paff fought valiantly againft the Sabins ac 
 the loot of the Cafile hill. This man was not only unlike the former King,but alfo more fierce and 
 hardy then ^(;w?//«/himfelf.For befidesthe heat ofyouth,andikengthof body withal, the glori- 
 ous remembrance of his Grandfather let him on^and pricked him forward. Suppofin" cherfore that 
 the City through reft and eaie began to age, as it were, and to decay, he fought every way to pick 
 quarrels, and to give occafiontomake war. It fortuned, that thePeafants about Ro,?ie, and thofe 
 oi Alha likewife, prjyed upon and fpoiled one anothers land. At that time C. r//<;7/«i was Lord 
 -E and King of Alba. From both parts well neer at one time, were EmbalTadors addreffed to demand 
 relfitution of goods, and fatiffiition foe their harms. Tullu* Hofiiliw he bad flraitly charged his 
 mefl'engers to have no dealing with the A.lban Prince, before they had delivered unto him their 
 meflage. For well he wi(f , that he would make denial, and yeeld no amends : and then miaht he 
 with lafeconfcience juff ly proclame war againfl him. On the contrary fide,the Alban Embaffadors 
 followed their bulirefs but flackly tor being courteoully invited,and friendly entertained by TmUhs, 
 and lodged within his palace, they were well content to be feafied by the King, and were his day- 
 ly gucft s {o long, that the Romans had by this time both challenged their own firft, and upondeni- 
 al made by the Alban King, given defianceand prodamed open war within thirty days next enfu- 
 ing. Upon which tidings by them related to Tulhtf. he gave the Alban Embafl'adors audience.per- 
 p muting them to declare what their errand was,thac they came about. '•They(limplemen)i"norant 
 " of all that was done firft fpent time in excufing themfelvs faying they were very loth & unwillin'^ 
 *■ to fpeak ought that mightdifp'eafe .' ulUt*, but being commanded by authority, they might not 
 '" wil nor chure:andtherupon were come to make claim ofgoods & amends for wrong3,and")f they 
 '• vverenot reifored and recompence made, they had commiffionto denounce war a^ainff him, 
 
 Wherennto Tullus made anfwer in this wife, ■•' Tell your King and Mailer (quoth he^ that the 
 " Roman King calleth the godsto wifnefs,whether of thetwo Nations lent the Embaffadors a- 
 "wayfirft, and rejected them whenthey demanded relntution. that upon his head theymicht 
 '' bring the mifery.lofs, and calamity of the prelentwar. With this difpatch the Albans returned 
 home. Sothev made prfp3r.uionof for5^ on both hdes allthat they could, moft likeinallthe 
 C vvorld to a civil war, between fathers and fons^proceeding both from the Trojan race : confiderinc 
 that by Trojans Lnvi-mnm was founded ; from L^.z't-ium came the people oi Alba : and from the 
 Alban Kings were the Romans in right line defcended. But the final iflueand end of this war, 
 made the war it felf lei's woful and lamentable, both becaufethey came not toafet field, and alfo 
 for that by rafing the houfes only of the oneCity,two nations were inrermingled & united in one. 
 The Albans firli with a mighty power entred the Territory of iJ^wt-, andencamped themfelves 
 not paft five miles from the City, where ibey ffronglyencrenched themfelves: which place 
 
 C of 
 
 IiniterStiein-, 
 
 The Temple of 
 Fmh. 
 
 ThSui Hofliliiitt 
 
 The Embaffadors 
 of the Albans to
 
 14 The fir/l Bool{^ of T. Livius. 
 
 •^iWiwhufufi* 
 
 H 
 
 of the Captains name was called * Fojf<e C/w-Z.^c^many years afcenumil both it and thename with- 
 al in procefsoftime, decayed clean and came to nothing. In this camp the Aiban King C/uilius 
 M.<m suff«m ended his days, in whofc liead the Alban army created Melius Suffetius their Di aator.r«//w in 
 Diftjiotof the jj^g ^ejjj timebecame haughty and proud^elpecially upon the death otthe King,oftentimes giving 
 outandlaying,thatthemightypowerofthegods,havingthusbegunatthe very head, would 
 likevvife take vengeance on the whole body o\ the Alban Nation, for this iheir unjuft and gcdleis 
 war : and one night above the reft paffed fecretly by the camp of his enemie?; and in warlike man- 
 ner invaded the Albanland. This newsraifed CMetim out of his ftanding camp. Who led forth 
 his army and marched on as neer to his enemies as he could, difpatching aforehand an Herald un- 
 to ThIIhs^ to notifie unto him thus much from him, that it was needful and expedient before they i 
 joined battel to parle and commune together. If he would vouchfafe to confer, he knew very well, 
 that he fliouldalledgc and lay forth fuch matters, as might concern the Weak of the Romans, as 
 well as of the Albans. Tullus refufed not the offer, albeit they were but vain toies that were pre- 
 tended, and therefore let his men in battel aray.The Albans in like manner came forth againft him. 
 After they were thus ranged and embattelled ready to fight, the Generals on both fides, accom- 
 The orjrion of panicd with a few of their principal Nobles,advance between both armies .Then began the Alban 
 Miii'- untor« /- Diftator in this wife : " Me thinks (quoth he) I hear already of injury and wrongs done,and how 
 '*'• "fuch goods as weredemanded are not reftored again according to the form of the league.asalfo 
 
 *' that ClHilim our King was caufe of this war : neither doubt I, O Tullus^ but even you pretend, 
 "andareabouttoalledgeasmuch.Butif we would as we ought to do, Hand uponthe truth ofj^ 
 *^ thinos rather then upon I wot not what glolfes, and goodly fhews of words; it is ambition and 
 " defire ofrule only and nothing elfe, that fpurreth on two nations of one blood and neerneigh- 
 " bors to take arms and war one with another: juftly or unjuftly,! am not abletofay,Let him on 
 *' Gods name that firft began the quarrel, in confcience fee to that. As for me, the Albans indeed 
 "have made me their General. But this one point Tw/Zax, I would haveyou to remember and 
 *' confider : How ftrong about us and you efpecially theTufcans are, you know better, the neerer 
 " ye are unto them .• mighty they are by lancl, much more by fea. Then wot well this, that when 
 *' you fliallcaufc the Trumpet to found unto battel, thefe two armies wilibetothem afairmark 
 " and fpe(flacle to behold : that they may give anaffault to both at once, as well the vidfors, as 
 *'them that are vanquilhed.whilft they are wearied and toiled out ofheartFortheloveof God, t 
 " if there be any fpark of grace inus,fince wenot contented with that liberty which wefurelyen- 
 " joy> will needs venture and put in doubtful hazzard, which of us Ihallrule and command, and 
 " who ftiallferve and obey the other, let us take fome good courfc whereby it may be decided 
 " without great lofs or bloodfhed on both fides, whether fhall be Lord and Soveraign. The mo- 
 tion TuIIhs mifliked not, albeit both for difpofition of nature, and hope of victory, he were the 
 haughtier of the twain. And as they fought on both parts what waytotake, this means at length 
 they found, whereunto fortune it felfprefented fit matter and occafion. For by good hapeven 
 then, in either hoft three brethren twins there were born at one birth, and thofe neither in age 
 . .. nor ftrength unlike. Their names were Cttriatii and HoratU, that is very certain, neither is there 
 
 ^ittii. any thing of ancient record more famous and notable. Yet as clear in liibftance as it is, there re- j^ 
 
 maineth ftill fome doubt and error in their names: of whether people the CunatH and the Hora- 
 tii were. Writers there be on both fides, but the greater number fay, as I find, that Hormh were 
 the Romans, to whom I rather endine, and my mind giveth me to follow them . With thefe three 
 brethren the Kings went in hand, perfwading them to fight for the honor of their country, and 
 try the quarrel by dinr offword ; (hewing them,thvt on whether fide the vii:l:ory fell there fliould 
 remain the foveraign dominion. Nothing refufed they to do, the time and place both were agreed 
 upon and appointed. But before the combat, it was covenanted between the Romans and Al- 
 bans, and thefe conditions drawn : That whofe champions in fight fhould have the belter, that 
 nation fhould peaceably command the other. There are of covenants many and fundry Capitu- 
 lations far different in matter : but they run all after one manner and form. As for this, it was ^ 
 made, as we have heard in this wife, neither is there extant a more ancient record of any compo- 
 fition whatfoever. The Herald (called Fecialis) demandeth of King T«//«; in this wife : Is it your 
 will and commandment my Lord, Thatl make a covenant and accord with the Paterpatrateoi 
 the Alban peop'e? It is (quoth the King.^ Then (quoth hej I demand of you facred herbs. The 
 King anfweretl again, Take them pure and clean. The Fecial then reached from the Caftle hill pure 
 herbs from among the grafs : which done, he thus asked the King : Do you (my Lord)ordain me 
 the Meffenger Royal of the Commons of the people of ^(?w?? and allow neceffary implements, 
 allfurniture for my felf, and my retinue and train? TheJ<ing anfwercd: I do, fo far forth as may 
 be, without the harm or detriment of my felf, and of the Citizens of the people o^Rome. The Fe- 
 cial or Herald for that time, was -Marcus Valerius^ who created Pater-patrate a King at Arms. Sf. Q 
 F«yf»-fi by touching his head and hair with Vervain. Now the Piitcrpitrateh for to confirm the 
 agreement with an oath. and fo he read out the covenant and oath, and that with many words : 
 which to rehearfe, as they were in a long prefcrlptform pronounced, were very needlefs. After 
 this having recited allthe Articles and ccnditions thereof. " Hearken Cquoth he) O Ji.piter-, liften 
 *' thou Herald for the Albans, attend alfo and give ear ye the Alban people, how thefe conditions 
 *' from the firft to the iaft, have been read aloud out of thofe Books or Tables of wax, without 
 
 3, covin
 
 TbefirflBoo\ofT, Livius. 15 
 
 A " coven, or fraud, and how ac this day they are tnoft rightly meant and underftood, according to 
 '• the tenure of the words .• from theie articles I lay , (liall not the people of Rome (fart back hrli j 
 " nor make default : If they fhallfirH go back and fail therein by publick confentjandfraudulent- 
 *'ly;that day, O Jw/^/rer? Imite thou ihtCiiy oi Rome ^zs Itoday wilUfrike this J)wme:yea.,and 
 " Imite thou home fo much more, as thou arc more able and powerful then my felf. And after he 
 had thus faid, he fmote the fwine with aflintHone, The Albans likewife repeated their prell ripe 
 form of words, and the oath, by their Dictator and Priefts for the purpofe. The complements of 
 the covenant and compohtion thusperiormed, and all concluded, then thofe three brethren of 
 both rides,as it was betore agreed,buckle co arm themfelvs.And being encourjged on both hands, 
 
 £ by their well-willers and friends, that put them in mind of their country gods, their native foile 
 and parents,faying, that all their fellow Citizens and country men whaitoever, both at home in 
 theCity, and abroad in the camp, every one had their eye only upon them, their weapons and 
 iheirhands: theyoungmen bemgboth of themfelves by nature forward and ludy, and alfo em- 
 boldened with the comfortable words ottheirfriendj,advancedforch between both armies.Novv 
 were the two holts let on both fidesbeforetheir camps, rid of prefentdanger-rather then void of 
 care and penfivenefs. For why ? the whole uial or loveraignty and rule, reiied in the valour and 
 good fpeed of a few.Whereupon they longing to fee the fequel and iffue, were wholly bent to be- 
 hold, and only minded this unpleafant l;ghc and fpedacle. At found of Trumpet thefe brave bre- 
 thren, three to three, like as they had been twofet battels, and carrying the llomachs veri:y of two 
 Q great armies, affronted oneanother.md with cruel and mortal weapons gave the charge. Neither 
 regarded they their own proper peril, but fet before their eyes, only the rule orfervitude of the 
 Cornmon-wealjasiftheftate of their country from then.eforth lay wholly upon their good or bad 
 fuccefs in this ailion. Sofoon as they began to cope together and make aflault, that their harnefs ThecraeUom- 
 and weapons once clattered, and their drawn fwords fhone and glittered a^ain, behold luch an brethrcnwli* 
 exceeding tear came upon the beholders, that they trembledand quaked withal: andduringthe andHora/n, 
 time of equal combat, feeing no inclination of viftory to the one fide or the other, they were fo 
 allonied, that hardly they could well f;^^eak or freely take their wind. Afterwards, when as they 
 werecoii etohand-liroaks, andthat nownot only the llirring of their bodies, and the doubtful 
 handling of their weapons and armor but bloody wounds alto were feen, two of the Romans 
 P ^having fore wounded all the three Albans j fell down one upon the other, and yeelded up the 
 ghoft. At whole fall, the Alban holl fhouted again for joy : but the Roman legions, albeit they 
 were now palt hope of viftory, yet they were not void of care being amated, and an extafie as ic 
 were, with very fear what fhould become of him,who being butone,had three Cwrwr/iupon him 
 at once. But as good hap was, he as yet wasfreflhand unwounded. And as he was not able alone 
 to make his part good with them altogether, fo in fingle fight, man to man, he thouoht himfelfe 
 good enough for them all, one after another. To fingle therefore, and to part them in fight, he 
 begins to flie, thinking thereby they would follow after him, each one as his hurt body would 
 give him leave. Now when he was retired a pretty good way from the place where they fou^hf, 
 and looking behind him, efpied them following far afunder, and one of them not much behind 
 
 E himfelf, he turned again upon him with great violence. And whilft the hoft ol the Albans cried 
 out to the Ctiriatii to refcuc and fuccour their brother, Hor.niits by that time had flain his formoll 
 enemy, and was in hand with the fecond. Then the llomans.with fuch a fiiout,asthey arewonc 
 to make, who after a great fright recover themfelves and take heart again, encourage their cham- 
 pion: and he himfelf halleneth to fini/h the combat. And before that the third, who was not far 
 off, could get to the other, he had flain the fecond Ctiriatau. So that now there was but one to 
 one, left to fight on even hand : and they, neither in hope nor ftrength equally matched. As for the 
 one of them, his body as yet not wounded, and his double victory withal, caufed him to attempt 
 the third conflidffoutly andcouragioufly.The other faint and feeble of his hurt, tired with run- 
 ning, had much ado to come forward, and quite out of heart, feeing his two brethren lie (lain at 
 
 p his feet, offereth himfelf as a prey to his viftorious enemy : for furely betweenthem was no fight 
 at 3 11 to fpeak of.The Roman, he triumphing and crying out for joy, Two brethren already (quoth 
 hc)havel fentto the Divehthe third likewife fhaU I fend after them that a Roman may command 
 an Alban, which is the caufe of all this war. And therewith he thruil his fword aloft into his 
 throat, who had much ado to hold his weapons:and fo foon as he was down,ftript aud rifled him, 
 "■The Romans with great triumph and ^ratulation, receive //(3?-/rn'«j rejoicing fomuch the more, 
 '• as his cafe was more dangerous and well neer de peratc. Then of both fides addrefs they them- 
 "felves to bury their champions, but not with like cheer and alacrity ofheartx For why ? they of 
 the one part were become Lords, and they of the other, Subjedls. Their tombs remain yet to be 
 feen in thevery places where they were each olthem flain two oft he Romans entombed together 
 
 Q in one place neerer unto ^/^.z : the three Albans towards /?»we, but dillant afunder, like as they 
 fought and left their iives.Before theydiflodged and departed thencethe one from another,,^^?- 
 tius^ according as it was capitulated in the compofition, asked and demanded what Tulks would 
 command him to do: who enjoined him to keep his youth ready in arms at an hours warning,for 
 that he would employ them in fervice, in cafe he fhould war with the Veientians. So were the ar- 
 mies difmiffcd home. And Hor/uins he wentformofl. baring afore him the threefold fpoile of three 
 brethren.Whotn his Sifter a maid affianced before to one oftheCw/<rf«;metbeforeC<jpf«<«gate:8£ 
 
 C 2 efpying
 
 i6 
 
 The firfi Boo\ of T. Livius. 
 
 Horatiuf kil- 
 Ictti his Hflcr. 
 
 Thejudgment 
 of Hortliui. 
 
 efovin- upon her brothers (boulders, the coat of arms of her efpoufed husband,which fl.e her felf „ 
 had w^uoht with her own hands ; (he unbound her head, let her hair loofe, and pitiouOy called 
 rnon her dead fpoufe by name. This lamentable wailing of the filkr prelently upon vidory, and a- 
 midfo oreat andpublick joy, moved the proud and hauty young man to wrath, and dra vying out 
 his fword therewith, ran the f.lly damfel through : and with thefe bitter words rebuketh her alio, 
 Get thee hencefquoth he)to thy ipoufe with thy unleafonable and foolhaliy iove,torgettul as thou 
 art of thy two brethren dead, and him that is alive .• forgetful of thy native country, and the ho- 
 nor thereof: and fo with a mifchief go flie, whatever (he be, that (hall bewail an enemy of ^.>w.. 
 A cruel and horrible faa ihis feemed, as well to the Senators, as to the Commons : but his late 
 and ire{h defert made it the lefs trelpafs : yet for all that was he apprehended, and brought before I 
 theKinc The Kin", that he might not feem the author of a judgment lo unpleafant and odious 
 unco the'people, and conrequenclyofpunilhment according to thedoom, affembled the people 
 together and faid .• I ordain Duumvirs to fit upon Horatius, in trial of a criminal caufe of felony, 
 and to iud°e him according to the law, in that cafe provided. The tenor of the law runneth thus, 
 in dreadful kind of form, l^he Magiflranes called Dmmvirs \hall judge the party accujed in a cafi- 
 talaUioyicffcbny:, tf he jhalLiffeal from the Dmmvirs, let him traverfe hts appeal, if they over- 
 throrohim-y then hoodwmkjitm, or cover his head, hanghim upon a curfedGallowtree by a rope, and 
 flrannle him, having whipped andfconrged him before, either within the Pomary er without. ~\ By ver- 
 tueo1 this law were the Duumvirs created, whoby therigour of that law thought they might 
 notquitfo much as a guilders perfon: aud having once condemned him, then one of them gave g; 
 fentence and faid .• 1 judge thee O PHhlius Horatius a murderer and an enemy to the ftate of Rome. 
 Go Li£tor therefore, and bind his hands together. Then came the LitSor and cart a cord about 
 them.^But Horatim, by the adv ife oiTullus, a gentle and mild interpreter of the Law, I appeal 
 (quoth he.) So upon his appeal was the matter debated, and to be tried before the people : who 
 were not a' little troubled in deciding or judging this caufe, and mo(i of all in regard of Pudlms 
 Horatius the Father, crying out and faying, " That he deemed his daughter was juftly and wor- 
 *' thily killed : other wife he would himfelt have punifhed his fon by his fatherly authoriry. Be- 
 *' feechino moreover, that they would not now make himchildlefs, whom erewhile theyfaw 
 " with a ooodly company of children about him. And therewithal the old fathe.- embracing the 
 V.mrttm the young ma^n, a nd fte wing the fpoils of the Curiatiuki up and hanging in that very place which now ^ 
 Father to the [^ ^^^^^ p,ia jjoratia^ut.Horatim his Pillar. " And can ye indeed (O ye Romans, quoth he) abide 
 people. <f ^^ ^^g j^-^ bound under a Gallows, yea, and whipped and tormented, whom a while afore ye 
 
 « beheld to march in great glory and jollity for his atchieved viftoryPSounfeemlyandfoulafioht 
 " as which, the Albans themfelves can hardly fu(fer.GoLiaor,go bind thofe hands faft,which 
 " armed a little before, wan the people of Rome their dominion : Go I fay,and hoodwink his head 
 " who fa ved and delivered this City from bondage, hang him by the neck, and Hrangle him upon 
 *' a curfed tree: fcour^e him and fparenot, either within the circuit of the walls, foit be among 
 " thofe javelins and fpoils of the enemies : or without the walls, fo it be within the compafs of the 
 *' Cnriatiait Sepulchres. For to what place can you lead this young gentleman, where his honora- 
 '' ble a61smaynoc favehim from fo unworthy and fhameful punifhment? The people could no M 
 lont^er endure, either the tears ofthe old father, or the conrtanc refolution of the youth his fon, 
 whofhewed himfelfertillthe fame, and not to change for any danger. So they quit him, in the 
 honorable regard rather of his pro\*efs and valor^then in the right and equity of his caufe. Yet 
 to rhe end that the murder fo manifeft and openly known, (houldbein fome fort expiate, and 
 fatisfaftion made therfore, his father was charged to purge his fons fin, and makeamends, at the 
 expences of the City. Who having performed certain purgatory facrifices.which afterward belon- 
 ''edtothehoureand'familyofthe//or<fr«5puta rafter or beam crofs overthvvart theftreet, and 
 caufed the young man with his head covered to go under, asunder a yoak or gallows : which re- 
 maineth yet unto this day, from time to time at the City charges repaired, and they call it Sorori- 
 nm Ti^illttm, i. e. The Sifters beam. And in that very place where Horatia was wounded andfell j^ 
 down, her tomb v\'as erefted oi four fquare ftone. 
 
 But not long continued the Albans in quiet and peace. For the common people finding fault 
 and ofeatly dil'contented, that the whole ftate of the Weale-publick was put into the hands of 
 three fouldiers, infe6led fo, and poilbned the vain and fliittle head of the Dilator: that for as 
 much as plain and upright dealing fped no better, he began to win again the hearts of his Com- 
 mons by crooked means, and indireft courfes. Seeking therefore war in time of peace, as before 
 • in time of war he fought peace : and feeing his people had more heart then handj and their 
 ftreiTnh not anfwerable to their ftomacks : heftirredup other nations, openly by way of pro- 
 clamation and defiance to make war, and referved his own men under a colour of league and con- 
 federacy, fortopraftifetreafonandfalQiood. TheFidenates,a Colony of theRomans,having q 
 made the Veientians partakers of their counfcl, and combined with the Albans to forfakethe 
 Romans, when time came, and turn unto them, brake out and took arms. When Fid;ne had 
 thus openly revolted , 'fullus fent for Metius and his power from Alba^ and fetteth forward againft 
 his enemies : and palfing over the river ^«;o, encamped neer the confluent, where both ftreams 
 meet'tooether. Between which place and f«^?;;f, the army of the Veientians had croffed the 7)- 
 ber who put themfelves in theright wing of the battel faft by the river, and the Fidenates in the 
 ' left.
 
 TheJirfiBoo^ofT.Livms. jj 
 
 A leftneererto the mountains, T"«//«j diredly oppofeth his own forces againft the Veiencians^ and 
 placech the Albans to affront the Fidenates. The Alban Captain having as little heart as l!one- 
 liy and truth, neither durrt keep his itanding, nor openly turn unto the enemy, but by little and 
 little withdrawechhimlelt toward the mountains: and when he thought he had Gained van- 
 tage enough, he mounted up the hiiiwith all his companies, and with a wavering mind to fpend 
 the time, dilplayeth his ranks. His intent and purpofe was., on what nde tortunefeemed to "ive 
 the better, with them to join and take their part. The Romans tnat Hood next, perv.eivinc their 
 flanks naked by reafonofthedepartureot their friends and allies, at fidl manelicd muchltthe 
 matter: but afterwards there gallopt an horfeman,and advertised the King that ttie Albans were 
 
 ■n gone iWiy.Tulius in this fo tearful and dangerous cafe, vowed twer. e Prieiu S.iln, and two Tem- 
 pies to /'-a'/o'' and Pavor, i.e. to Palenel's and Fear: and with aloud voice crycd out in tbehearincr 
 pl'his enemies, commanding the faid horicman to i:eturn to the battel, layingjTtitre was no cauiC 
 at all to fear, for that bimfelf had commanded the Aiban holi to wheel and tetch about, and fo to 
 charge the Fidenates on their backs where they lay open. Willing him exprefly moreover, to 
 caufethemen of arms to hold up their lances on end. By which means, a great part of the foot- 
 men could not fee the Albans as they departed and went their ways. And thofe that had feen 
 them, thinking it was a truth which they heard the Kingtofpeak, fought fo much themorehot- 
 ly. So the tear turned now from them^ and fell upon the enemies : for they heard the Kin<^ when 
 he fpake fo loud, and alfo a great many of the Fidenatians being co-habitants with the Romans, 
 Q underfloodLatine. For feartherefore, that the Albans fhouid all on a fudden rundown fromthe 
 hils^and ftop their paffage to the town, they turned their backs and fled.Then Tw/Zw^preffeth hard 
 upon them, and having difcomfited the Fidenatians wing, cometh back more fiercely upon the 
 Veientians, being already amazed at the fright of the other. Neither were they able to withftand 
 the brunt. Howbeit the river behind at their backs kept them atfirlt from flying a way, but after- 
 wards when their flight bended thitherward : fomeflinging their weapons ftiamefuUy away, like 
 blind men, ran headlonginto the waterother lingering flil, andiiaying on the bank ride,doubt- 
 ful whether to flee, or to Hick to it and fight, were trod under toot, and hewne in pieces. Never 
 had the Romans before that day a more cruel battel. Then the Alban army, which beheld and 
 fiw all this confli6l,defcended down into the plain. And Metiw^ forl'ooth, rejoiceth much on 
 P 7»//«/ behalf for his viiftory. T/z/faj- again fpeaketh ^i/tt/aj- fair, andgaveorder, that the Albans 
 in a good hour fhouid join their camp to the Romans: and again!} the next day, prepared a pur- 
 ging or Luftral facrifice.^The morrow when it was day, and that allthings were in a readinefs, ac- 
 cording to the manner, he commandeth both armies to affemble together to an audience. The 
 Criers,beginningatthefartbeftpartofthecamp, fummoned the Albans firft. Who alfoforthe 
 firangene'.s of the matter, and dehrous to hear the Roman King to make his Oration,pre{red for- 
 ward^to ftand next. The Roman legion on fet purpofe, as it was before decreed, flood armed 
 round about, and hemmed them in: and the Centurions had in charge without delay to execute 
 whatfoever they were commanded, 
 
 Thenbegan77Jfe.;tofpeakinthiswire, '' Ifever in any war heretofore had caufe, O Romans., The Oration 
 
 E ''to render th3nks,firft to the immortal gods, and then to your own manhood and valor, cer- oiTHUiu. 
 " tainly it was in yefterdays battel. For ye fought not then with the force of your enemies more 
 '' then with the treachery and falfiiood of your i'riends and confederates, which is the greater 
 " conflifland far more dangerous. For to put you clean out of doubt, and to bear you no longer 
 *' in hand with a wrong perfwafion: The Albans wentup toward the hills without mvcommilTi- 
 ''on,neither was that my commandment , butapolicy andcountenancecnly of command : to 
 " this end, that ye not knowing how ye were forfaken, might not withdraw your hearts from 
 "fight, and alfo that your enemies weening they were environed behind fhouid be atraid and fo 
 <• enforced to flee. Yet are not the Albans all in general to be charged with this fauitvvh!v:hlre- 
 ** prove. They did but follow their leader, as ye likewife would have done, if I had willed the 
 
 P " mar^h to have turned any whither from thence. It is Mettas that was the guide and leader of 
 "this journey, /W«/«.' is hethatisthe workeranddevifer o^'this war./Kf/wIfny iri?,andnone 
 *' but yi</a.««5 the breaker of the Roman and Alban league. But let who that wil: from ht^nceforth 
 pretiime hardly to do the like, if I make not him a nota'Me example to ail the world. The Centu- 
 rions flood armed round about Mam^, and the Kinggoeth on with the reft of his fpeech .is he be- 
 gan, ana faid: '"That which Ipray God may turnco the good profperity and happinefs of the 
 '■■people of ^on,:f, of myfel:-',and youthe Albans, lam minded to reduce all the Alban nationto 
 *" Rowe •■ to endue the Common? with the freedom of the City : to ad\ ance their chief Gentle- 
 "mento the order of Senator.'^, and lo make one uniformCity and Common- wealth: that as in 
 " timespafl the A'b^ns fiatej our of one body was divided into rvvain, fo now it maybe united 
 
 Q "and become one again. Attbcfe words the Alb m youth unarmed. and befet on every fide with 
 armed men, albeit they were di'n acted in mind; yet were they forced with a general fear to 
 keep lilence, and hold their peare. '■~ Metius SttffetnK Tquoth Tu'Jm then ) If thou couldft have 
 " learned to keep aileginncepromife. and covenant^:, thou mighteft have been taught it at my 
 "hands with life. But now finceihyfroward nature is incuriblc.rea'^h thou b-' thy fearful exam- 
 *'pleand death allmankind. to ho'd .^.ndreputeThofethingsfcrfacred and holy, which have by 
 '•^ thee been broken and violate. Like as therefore crewhiles thou bareft a double heart in doubt- 
 
 C 3 fol
 
 3 7 he firft Boo}\of TXivius, 
 
 ''fulballance, between ihe the Fidenates and the Romans ft are: even ib{|reight ways flialt thou H 
 "yeeldthy body to be drawn afunder, and plucked in two peeces accordingly. Then forthwith 
 " he caul'ed two teames offour homes to befet to, and juettus to be Itret.hcd out and tied unto 
 the chariots to them belonging. Afterwards were the horfes driven a contrary way, and carried 
 with them in both chariots the body torn in pieces as tar forth as the iimbs bung fall together by 
 their cords and ligaments: which madeallmen.avert their eyes from beholding lo cruel and hor- 
 rible a fpedlade. This was the firrt and lali punilliment that ever the Romans executed with To lit- 
 tle refpe^ftor none at all(to fay a truth) otthe laws ofhumanity. In all other they may fafely'nrake^ 
 theii boift , that no nation in the world hath been iefle delighted and pleafed with extremity df 
 torment. ' . . , '-'f^'^c^ 
 
 Whilrt thefethings were in doing, there h<?d been certain borlemen lent afore to Al'-'a-^ f6r to 
 tranflatethe multitude to 7?o/«f. Atterwhom were the legions alfo of the tootmen thither led, to 
 rale anddeftroy the city. At whofeentrance wuhin the gates, there was not that Hir nor fearful 
 hurry , as ufually is feen when cities are ioll: and when with breaking down the gates , beating 
 and battering' the wals with rams and other engins,tori ing the citadel, the enemies fhoutjand the 
 armed fouldiers run to and tro in the cit y , killing and flaying, firing and burning all afore them 
 as they "o : but a fad filence , and a hill kind of lorrow and penfn e'nefs fo pofTeflcd and atfonied 
 all their minds , thai for fearforgetting what to lea\ e behind them , or what to take with them , • 
 without advifc and counfel one asl-ing another what to do , they one while (food in their houfe 
 entries, another while ran up ^nd down wandringin ihcir hoiiles, as if their lali day had been ^ 
 c'ome. Buclofoonas they heard the borlemen iry loud, and command them with menacing to 
 void and depart, and that now the rUiin^ otthe tiles and flates from off the houfes.asthey were 
 apullingdown, was from the forrheft p<.rt ofthetown heard : and chat the duft raifed from places 
 far off, had as it were with a . loud ov ercalt and ti) ed all : tl en every man cat. hing up hailily , and ' 
 carrying forth what he cou d , leaving their domeh i al god, , 'leaving.their houfes wherein they 
 had been born, bred, and b ought up. departed forth : lo that now they fiLed the ftrettsasthey 
 went clofe on a row together , and the fi^ht one of anottier with mutual commileration. re- 
 doubled their tears and wotiilKompl..in'r,';.YeaianclpitiousmO'ne and lamenucions werehe.irdof 
 womenelpecially,asthey pafled by their fair and lately < hurches,bcfec with fouidiers,and aban- 
 doned their gods as it were captives .ind priioners. Atter rhe Aibans had thus quic the city. down . 
 went the Romans every where with thebnildings a wellvu''iicka>-private, and laid them even 
 with the ''round, and fo in one hourdef royed and raled four hundred yeers work, for fo long 
 had ^/^<i flood and flounfhed. Hovvbcit tfieiemp o o* i he gods they fpared, for fo the king had 
 given commandment, i?«w<? all this while rileiti .^y ttie ail. >fyi/^<«. The number of Citizens in- 
 creafeddoub:e: to enlarge the city the mount O'/^i was annexed toit : and that it fhouldbe bet- 
 ter peopled and mo-^e inhabited, TuUm ' 'd ni-- oyai feat and palace there, and therein from that 
 time forth he kept his court. The chief Citizens oi tfie Aibans he advan.ed to the order of Sena- 
 tors, that he might augment thatflatealfo of ttieCommonwe,iI; nainely,the houles of the T«////, 
 • H fl/' Servilij •, Qjtivttj ■, Gtjamj ^ Curi.tij., > loeLp and for that degree and order of Senators by 
 Can* fl/j;«. ^.^ encreafed , he bViilt an hall or new court , called until our fathers dayes /fd/?7/«<j c«r«>, 
 i. Hoflilia! court. And that ail eltaies ard'de^-rees mivht out of this new people be fome- 
 what (frengthened , he chofe fri m out of the A b n> ten troops or cornets of horfemen , and 
 with the fame i'upply he botn fulfilled thenumber oi the old legions, and alfo made and enrolled 
 
 new. 
 
 -h fie T«//«; upon this affiance he had in his flrength and power denounceth war againft the Sabins, 
 
 Sabin"' a peoplein thofedayes of all other moft puiil.ntand mighty, both in men and munition next the 
 
 Tuf.ans. Wropgs had been done , and outrages i ommitrcd on both parts, and rellitution or 
 
 amends demanded^ but to no etfeft, T////«/found himfe f grie> ed that divers o;cupiers or mer- 
 
 chantsof Rome-i at an open marc or fair of great re'Vut lje»ore the temple of Feronia were laidhold 
 
 upon and apprehended. The Sabins on the other lide ompiained.that their men.notwithflanding »^ 
 
 they tookfan6tujry in a certain facred an.ipri.iiedged grove, were areff ed and in hold ztRome. 
 
 Thefe were the qu-'rrels and occafions pretended of the war. The Sabins well remembring, that 
 
 not onely part of their own forces was by r^f/«/trannaccd to Rome, and there planted, but alfo 
 
 that now of late the puiflance of the Romans was well amended by thefupplementofthe Albans, 
 
 . began likewife for their part to caft about, and I'eek for help abroad, and forrain aids. Now was 
 
 Tufca>i their neighbour nation , and of the Tufcans the nceretf unto them were the Veientians. 
 
 From then.e they gat certain voluntaries to take their part, by reafon that their minds already 
 
 were welldi^pofed to revolt upon old grudges and ran.our remaining Ifill of the former war paft: 
 
 otherfome alio vagarants and idleperfonsofrhe ralcal f< rt.and needy commons,vverefoon hired 
 
 for mony.Butasfor anyfuccour fromthencebypubii k onfent oftheflate they had none at all, ^ 
 
 So much prevailcdeven with theVeientians(foryi th^reii it was lefs m.'rvel)the faithful covenant 
 
 of rriire con.'luded with 5w;«/;«.Now when the'e preparations of w.irweremadeonboth fides 
 
 to the nttermoft of their power . and thatitlfood upon this point, That they were like to have 
 
 ibeods and vantage, who fbould begin fir.'^,and enter the fie'd : Tull/f< pre'ented the enemies and 
 
 invaded the Sabitieland, A fharp and bloody battel was there fought under the wood M.Hicufa. 
 
 Where the Romans bare themfelves bravely that day , much upon the valour of the Legionary 
 
 foot- 
 
 M
 
 The firfl Boo\^ of T. Li vius. jp 
 
 A footmen; buc more upon the ftrength ofilieir men of arms, wtiofenumberlately was augmented . • 
 for by the fuddiin and forcible charge of the horfemen, the battel of the Sabins was fo broken, jh- Sibi 
 their ranks lo difordered , that they could neither Hand clo!e together to fight it out; nor yet defeated by the 
 fpred themfelves to flie, without greit flaughcer and bloodfhed. Romans, 
 
 The Sabins thus \ anquillicd,and the kingdom of Tulltis and the whole ftare of Rome, i eing very 
 gloriousand wealthy: behold, news cameco the Kingand Sen,!tors,that in the Al . an mouvx \t 
 rained (tones: whi^h hardly was believed, and therefore certain men were fcnt ofpurpofetofee 
 this (irange and prodigious light : who might plainly behold Hones to fall t hit, k out of the skiejike 
 as whenlomc forcible winds drive hail in big round bals upon the earth. They imagined more- 
 B over, that they heard a^reat and mighty voice our of the grove from the v ery top ot the hill cry- 
 ing unto them and warnmg the Albans to dofacrificeand divine feri iceaccording to the ritesand 
 ancient maner of their forefathers .which they had diftontinued and forgotten ,as if together with 
 their coiuicry they had abandoned their gods,and either taken to the lioman fa Ot i on, or eite be- 
 ing angry wjih fortune (as it is commonly feen) forlet and neglefled the worlhip of the gods al- 
 together, TheTRomans likewlfe upon that miraculous fign,for the purging and expiation thereof, 
 celebrated folemn publkk factifices tor the Ipace of nine dayes,called a Novendia' : either becaufe 
 they were moved thereto by tharvoivetrom heaven ffor that alfo is reported^ ortookdirei^ion 
 fromtheSoothfayers that pry into the inwards ot bealb. Certainitis, that a folemn cultomere- 
 maineth Hill unto this day, that whenfoever wordcometh ofthe like wonder- they keep holyday 
 C ninedayes together. Not long after this, thepeHilen:eraigned inthe city. And albeit the people 
 began thereby to flack fouidery and military tervice : yet would not this martial prince give them, 
 relt and reipite trorr, w.t : being ot thii mind, that the bodies of young men were more tiealthy in 
 armour, abroad in the open' f eld. than at home inthe city undercoiert : until himi"e f at^ength 
 fell fick or' along and lingering difeafe. Then that haughty andcouragious Homa k or his toge- 
 ther with his luHy and able body, became fo abnted , that he whoearH before thought nothing 
 lelfe befitting a king, tnanto let his mind , and bufy his brain.s about religious ceremonies; now. 
 all upon a fuddain became whoiiy devoted to all kind ofiuperrtitioiiboth more and leite, yea, and 
 filled the peoples heads behdes with holineis and devotion. So as now the very common fore 
 vvifhing again for the old world, under the reign or king Num.i-, were fully perfvvaded, that there 
 J) was no other remedy le^c for their fuk and difeafed bodies, but to obtain at Gods handsgrace and 
 pardon. Men fay, that thekinghimlelt in perunng and turning over the Commentaries and regi-. 
 tters ot Numa his predecellour > and therein finding certain hidden and folemn facrifices that had 
 been unto lafitey Ebcms retired himfelf, and kept clofe within a houfe to celebrate the fame, Buc 
 for that this holy fervi:e was neither begun aright, nor dulyadminiHred,hehadnot onelyno di- 
 vine apparition and hea enly vifionprefented unto him, but alio incurred the heavy dilpleafure 
 and wrath oi Inciter , whom by his prepoHerous religion he hadthusdiiquieted ; and lo both 
 himfelf and his whole houfe were confumed with lightning. DxisTuRus, in great gior/ and re- 
 nown of martial prowefsraignedtvvo and thirty yeafst ^c,,- 
 
 When r;///«.f vva5 dead, thegovernment returned again, as it was from theFrftb'egrrinIng or- 
 gdained, unto the Senators; \vho named an Interregent., and he called a Parliament, wherein the 
 people elected Amicus M.mmsio: their King, and the Senators gave their aflent thereto. This 
 yincHS Martin! i was Numa Pomp Ins his daughters ton , who fo foon as he was come to the 
 crown, both in remembrance of his grand-fathers glorious government, and alfo in regard of the 
 raign of his next prede eflTor , which in other points right excellent and commendable , in this 
 onely failed, and was not fo happy : either for that religion was negledfed, or not with due 
 ceremonies exercifed ; and thinking it a thing moftreceflary , and of greatell moment , to re- 
 duce all publick divine fervice and facrifices to thefirft inltitution of Nama , commanded the 
 Arch-prelate or Hi;^h-prieft to make an extraft , and tranlcript of all the facred rites and myHe- 
 ries out oiNuma. his Comtrient-iries , and ingrofs them into one table , and to publiili them a- 
 F broad unto the people: whereby both his lubjeds and citizens defirous of peace, as alfo the 
 States thereby adjoining, were in good hope, that theking would altogether comform himfelf, 
 and take after the cuHomes and ordinances of his grand-father. 
 
 Hereupon the L.Tf!*.f, with whom in King Tw//^/ his dayes a league was made, took heart 
 nntothem, made inrodes into the countrey about .Rowf, and fetcht out booties. Andwher» 
 the Romans demanded reflitution, they made them a proud anfwer, fuppoGng belike, That the 
 King of Kowe would pafs the whole courfe of his raign in eafe and idlenefs , fitting Hill in his 
 chippels, and by his holy altars. Buc .-7 »«« was of a mean and indifferent difpotion by na- 
 ture , having an eye a swell to A///W.-I, as to /?o ,•???/«/ , andcompoled as it wereof both. For 
 over and befides, that he thought peace moreexpedient and neceflary for his grandfires reign, the 
 G people being as then but new rifen, unfetled , and fier.e withal: conlidering alfo , that him- 
 felf (liould not eafily , without taking wrong, enjoy the quietnels which to him hapned : for 
 that his patience was already tried, and not ohely tried, but alfo defpifed: and feeing that 
 the State of the prefent time was fitter tor a T«//«f tobeKing, thanaTV}.'^^.- yet to the end 
 that, as Numa in time of peace inHituted ceremonies of religion, lo he might likewife 
 fet out to poflerity others concerning war : and that wars lliould not be onely made, 
 but alfo denounced and proclaimed orderly , and in fome religious form of folemnity:
 
 20 The fir/i Boo\^ of T.Livius. 
 
 be let down in writing that law and formal order? by vertne whercot refiicutior. is demanded pj 
 (which at this day the Feciales or Heralds obferve) like as he received it from the ancient people 
 
 TheEmbalTador Fe.ial, coming to their borders, at whofe hands ihc goods arc required again, 
 coverin<^ his head with a bonnet or vail of woollen yarn, faiththus: He.nOju^keiygi'vcec.rye 
 Itmitsand co>7^/;ejCnamingthemoffucb and fuch a Country) let Juftice a»d Right hearkenal[o to 
 what J(hallfiy : I am the fubltckjmejfenger of the people c/Rome, ofajtift a>jd religious em'jajf.ige am 
 J come, and to mj words give credit. After this, rehearfeth he all his demands, and thencalleth Ju- 
 p/fer to witneCs, faying, Jf I unjujily a>idimpioHfly demand, that [:ich perjons ^onldbe delhered, or 
 fHcha-id[»chgoods berenderedtintome.)thepubltckjMejfe/!ger ef the people cfKomt) thenletmene- \ 
 ■verretHrn again to enjoy mir.e own country. Thefe words rehearfeth hejashefetteth foot, and Heps 
 into theconfines: thefamealfo hefpeakethtohim whomfoever he meeteth firft : the felf fame 
 words he pronounceth, as he entreth within the gate ol the City: yea, and when he is come in- 
 to the market place he faich the fame,changing and varying in fome few tearmSjfrom the prefcripc 
 form of the demand, and taking the folemn oath. Incale then, the perfons whom he requirech,be 
 not yeelded after 53. days expired (for fo many juft are ufually granted; then prodameth he war 
 in this wife. Hear O Jupiter, a^dthou Juno, Quirinus thon : ye celeftial Saints all, and terreJiriaL 
 torvers, ye infernal fpirttsalfolifien andgtvecar. I callyou all totvUnejs, andprotejl before yon, that 
 r/);^ »,tr/o» (naming them whofoever they be) ««»;«/?, and doth net according to right and equity. 
 But of thefe matters will we confult at home in ou.r own country, with our elder s, and ask^t heir itdvice how j^ 
 •we may come by our oir;/.Herewith returneth the meffenger unto^ow,? for ccunfel,and prefently the 
 King would in thefe or fuch like wordsjiitting in Councel with his Peers, move them in this ma- 
 ner. Whereas the Paterpatrat or Herald, in the behalf of the people o/Rome, and their Q;iirites,/7<irA 
 treated with the Paterpatrat, or Herald, in the name of the ancient'LiX\nzs, and with tliefolk^ofthe 
 Ancient Latines, concerning certain things, differenceSifutes, andcaufes tlocrcupun di-pending ; which 
 thimrs they have neither yeelded nor paid, nor performed and done ', which ought to have been paid, yeel' 
 ded^ performed, 'tnd done ; wk at u your judgment ? fpeaking^to him, whole opinion Frfihe asketh 
 in this cafe. Then (faith be) Aly advice is, that thofe things be fought for ^tnd recovered by n.ereforces 
 by jufl and lawful war. Tim do I fully agree unto, this do I determine r.fnlutely. After bim were the 
 Other asked in courfe : and when the greater number of them who were prefent accord thereunto, t 
 then by general confent, they were wont to prodame war in this order : That the Fecial or Kin'' 
 atArmsfliouldgo with a javelin, having an iron head, or with a red bloody fpearburntat the 
 end, as far as to their borders or marches : and there in the prefence of three witneffes at theleaft 
 not under fourteen years of age, fliould fay thus: Whereas the people of the o/^Latines, andthe old 
 Latine fll^havep'an-ifed andtrefpaffed agaif^fi the people of&.omQandthe Quirites, and whereasthe 
 people JfRome and the Quirites have f 9 determined, conftnted-, and agreed, that war fliould be made 
 with the ancient Latin es '> I therefore together with the people e/Rome, do denounce and prodame and 
 make war with the nations ofthecldLitmcs, ayJwtth the oldLiiincfolk^.Atid when he had thus faid, 
 he lanced his fpear or javelin within the confines of the enemies. After this manner then, was re- 
 flitucion demanded of the Latines, and war denounced or prodamed : which order of proceedin<' m 
 their pofierity by tradition received. 
 
 ^»f»; having committed the charge of divine fervice and facrifice unto the Flamins, andthe 
 other Priefls, levied a new Army, went forth into the field, and by force won Politonum, a 
 City oftheLatines. And foUowingtheufualmanner of the former Kings hisprogenitors, who 
 had mightily encreafed the Roman State, by admitting their enemies into the number of Citi- 
 zens, tranfporced the whole multitude from thence to Rome. And becaufe the ancient natural 
 Romans inhabited P^t/^f/ww, the Sabins about the Capitol and rock Tarpeia, and the Albans 
 replenifhed the mount C«//;«: therefore the hill Aventine vizs allowed this new company to 
 dwell in. Unto whom not long after, there came frefli inhabitants to people it, upon the win- 
 ning of Tcllene and Fica^^a. But after this, the Romans were driven to recover by war Pditori- \j 
 awagnin: for that whileft it flood void and empty, the old Latines had furprifed and taken it. 
 Whichwas ihecaufe, that the RomansdeftroyedthatCity quite, that it ftiould not be atall 
 limes a re:eptacle for the enemies. Laft of all, when as now the Latines war was driven whol- 
 ly and brought before Medullia.ihac for a good while was much ado,and doubtful ifiueoffioht 
 and inrerhangeable viilory: for that the Town was bothwellfortif!c.i with bulwarks, andtiir- 
 nifhed with aftronggarrifonofmen: andalfobyreafonthat the army of the Latines bein'^ in- 
 camped in plain and open ground, hadfundry times with banners difplayed, encountred hand 
 to hand with the Romans. Ac the laft >^w/// bending his whole power againft them, firft^ave 
 them an overthrow in a fet battel : and fo having gained rich piLage^rctutned to Rome. At^hat 
 time a'fo were many thoufands of the Latines received into the City ; Who to the end, that o 
 the y4venti>ie ind PalMittm (houldmcQt to^cihet, v^/ere appointed to feat ihemfelves about the 
 ' yiUMs. Temple of* Murtia.TheJanicul:<m likewife was adjoined unco the City, not for want of "round 
 
 but becaufe itmighc not be at any time a fortrefs and hold for the enemies : which was thought 
 good CO be united unto the City, not only with a wall, but alfo for more commodious pafla^e 
 to and fro , with a wooden bridge over Tyl>er. The Q^mtis fofs or ditch alfo, no fmall defence 
 againft the eafie accefs from the plain grounds, was a work of Ancus. Thus theeflate being 
 
 grown
 
 Tbefirfl Boo\ of T. Li vius . 21 
 
 . grown to exceeding (trength and bignefs:when as now in fo huge a multitude of people there was 
 much contuhon,andnoditierence of welidoingor ui, and thereby many mikhiefsand outrages 
 bega'n lecretly to be committed : for to reluain theretore with fome terror, luch boldnefsincrea- 
 fing dayly more and more, there was a goal or common prilon built in the heart of the City, even 
 over againlt the common place of afiembly. And in xhis Kings days not only the circuit of the Ci- 
 ty was enlarged, but alio their Lands and Territories. Forbyreafon that the forreM Mxf,a\vis 
 conquered trom the Veientians, their Scignory rea hed to the Sea ; where, in the very mouth of 
 Tyl^er was the town Hffiui built, and the lalt pits made there about, and upon fuch noble exploits 
 by arms atchieved, the Temple of /wpif^rffrwnwj was inmore ample and glorious manner re- 
 ■n edified. 
 
 In the reign of ^acwxthere came to dwell at Rome one LHrumo,a pregnant nimble headed man, 
 and a wealthy, upon a dehre efpecially and hope of advancement and honor, which at Tarqtinni 
 (wherehe was born; although defcended ot forraign parentage) he had no means to attainuuco. 
 The Son he was o\D:miirMHs\.\\zCo:\r,i\\\zQ^ who upon i.iv i; troubles and diiTcntions havin" fled 
 his country, and by chan;e planting himfelf in r^ir^j'/^m;, theremarried a wire andhadiflueby 
 her two ions, named Lucun.oind Ar:t>!s. Lucumo funived his father, and became heir of all his 
 goods, ^rmsdkd before his father, leaving his wife behind him, con.ejied with child : nei- 
 ther lived thefatherDfw^ ^^•« long after his Ton, who not knowing tha: his daughter-in-law 
 and fons wife was with child, made no mention at all ot his Nephew m his Will, and lo departed 
 Q this world. Whereupon the child after his Grandnres deceafe being born to no part of his goods, 
 for his poor condition, was called Ea^enm. But Lucumo on the other hde,th.e fole heir and inheri- 
 tor of ail, as he began by his wealth to be haughty enough, and to look aloft, fo he grew mm.h 
 more proud tcrhismati-hingin marriage with Tana^ml^z dameofa right noble houfe defcended, 
 and who could hardly bear a lower elidte and degree then that wherein fhe was born. When {he 
 was once married, and faw the Tufcansto dildain Lucumo^ for that his father was a (iranoer and 
 banifhed perfon, fhe could not endure that indignity. But forgetting all kind of affedtion to her 
 rative country, fo flie might lee her husband riifedto high promotion, flie refolved and plotted 
 to leave TM-efmnn and depart. To which purpofe ard dehgn,Ao|wf leemed a place mofl fit and con- 
 venient of all others. For thus fheproje6ted and difcourfcd: That in a City lately founded where 
 p all kind of Nobility fuddenly cometh up, and arifech from vertue and prowefs, her husband a va- 
 lorous and induftrlous man mufl needs have place, and be entertained : that King Tatms a Sabin 
 born, had raigned there: that /V;y»;« was from C«/r<?jfentforthither, and called to the Crown: 
 that Ancus alfo a Sabin by his mothers fide, had the only image of Numa. to fhew for his Nobili- 
 ty. Thus fhe foon perfwaded him, as being a man ambitious and defirous of honor, and whofe 
 mother only was aTarquinian born, and therefore he was to make lefsfcruple of abandoning the 
 placeofhis Nativity. Thereuponthey removed with all they had to ^flw.". And it fortuned that 
 xo'janiculum they came. Where, as Tarcju'mms fat with his wife in the chariot, behold an Eaole 
 came gently flyingdownfrom aloft, and took up his bonnet from his head, and fearing over the 
 chariot with a great noife, and clapping of her wings, as if flie hadbeen fent from Heaven to do 
 £ thisfeat,fet it gently and handfomly on his head again: whichdone, fhe mounted on high, and 
 flewavvay. TrfKjfjM//, as theyfay.embiracedthis Augury with great joy, being a womanskilful^as 
 commonly all the Tufcans are, in fuch prodigious fights and apparitions from heaven ;and there- 
 with taking her husband about the neck, willed him to be of good cheer, andto hope for oreac 
 matters and high preferments : faying,how that bird came from fuch a quarter of the Heaven.ad- 
 drefled asa meflengerfrom fuch agod,and flieweda divine token and prefage uponthebigheft 
 partofman, even the top of the Crown, and lifted up the ornament that flood upon his mortal 
 head, to give it him again immortal, as from God above. Inthefe hopes and cogitations which 
 they entertained by the way, they entred the City: where they took an houfe, and firom thence 
 forth he wascommoniy called/.. Tkr^^/ww. Nowwithina while both his new coming,and his 
 P wealth withal, made him we'l known : and himfelf alfo behdes, let forward his good fortune by 
 courteous and fair fpeech and affable language to every man, by friendly enviiing, and liberal feaft- 
 ing, and by making what friends he could by gifts, favours, and good turns; fo far forth, as the 
 fame ofhim came into the Kings Court: where, by his willing fervice and fmgular dexterity, in 
 fhorttimehehad not only accefsrotheKingsknowledge, but alfo entred into familiar acquain- 
 tance and friendfliip with his Highnefs. Infomuchjihat both in private Councels and publick con- 
 fultations,as well at home as abroad, he was always prefent,and bare a great ftroak. And having 
 in all kind ofoffices carried himfelf with credit, was in the end by the Kings lalf Will and Tefla. 
 mentm.ide Tutor or Proteftorofhischildren: Thus raigned^«c,'« 34, years, for glory and repu- The end of 
 tation of his fage government, asvvellinwar as in peace, equal to any of the former Kings his '^•«'' 
 Q predeceflors. 
 
 Now were his fons neer 1 4. years of age when he cHed. Tarcjmnius therefore made the more 
 hafte, that the high Court of Parliament fhould with all fpeedpoflibly be fummoned for creation 
 ofaKing, which being againft a day proclamed, he fent away the boys to the chafe a hnnting, 
 at the very inlhnt of the faid election. Hehimfelf (asmenfay^ wasthefirft that both ambitiouf- 
 ly fought forthe Crown , and alio for to win the hearts of the Commons-devifed and framed an e- 
 loquent Oration. '• Saying,it was no new and ftrange thing that he flood for And whyPhe was not 
 
 the
 
 22 The firfi BooJi of T. Livius. 
 
 "- the fir(i( that any man fliould be offended.or make any wonder jbiit the thiid alien that in Rome y^ 
 '■ aftedied and a'pired to the Kingdom : rhat both T(ititts-,ViO'i of a forraigner only, but of an ene- 
 " my became Kin;: : and Nunc.t likew!fe,a man unacquainted with the City and matters of State, 
 " was without any lute or cr feekiDg of his part,by theRomans fent forage advanced to the crown, 
 "As for himrelfjiealledged and l">Vid, That from the time that he was at his own liberty and dilpofe 
 " ofhimfelf hcwitb his wife &: all that he had removed and came to A'flwc:andofth3tage wherin 
 "men are employed in civil affairs, he had fpeiit a greater pare in Rome, then in his own ancient 
 "country. Moreover, that he was trained up both at home in the City and in war abroad, to the 
 "knowlcdg of thcRoman laws, orders, and culloms, and that under no meanpenon but an ex- 
 " cellent malkr, even King Ancns himfelf. And finally, for faithful fervice and diligent attendance I 
 " about the Kin", he had endeav oured to pafs all others : and for liberality and courtefie towards 
 " all others, he had aiiven to go beyond the King, Thefe and fuch like allegations, as he laid forth, 
 and pleaded, and that right truly ; the people of Rome with exceeding great confent elefted him 
 their Kin^ , Who being a man othervvife offmguhr parts and of great worth, as he was ambitious 
 in feeking the kingdom, fo continued he Hill, when he ware the crown: and minding no lefs toe- 
 llablifh hTs own Hate and throne .than to maintain the good eflate ot theCommon- weal,headvan- 
 ted one hundred more to the order of Senators, who afterwards were called Minor um Gentium 
 Fatres,As a men would fay, Senators of a later fort, and meaner quality, A failion, no doubt to take 
 part and fide with the King by whofe means they had been admitted into the Senate.The firft war 
 bemade, was with the Latins : from whom by toae he won the town ^;)p/o/<« : from thence ha- k 
 \ in" brofobt away a greater pillage in proportion, than the war imported in brute, he fet forth ga- 
 min°"s and^plays more (lately and with greater furniturcand provifion,than the other Kings belore 
 his i?me. Then was the plot or compaTs of ground firft itt out & appointed for the Ms or theater, 
 *ci,c<umM:mni- called now * Ctrcns-maximHs wherein were aflignedfcaffolds forthe Sen3tors,and for the Gentle- 
 men or Knights feverally by themielves, called for/, where they might make them places to fee the 
 paftimes at their eafe and pleafure. And in this manner Hood ihey to behold: namely, upon fcaf- 
 folds born up twelve foot high from the ground with forked perches or props. The gamings were 
 lunnino ofhorfes,and fighting at fifts and buffets: for performance whereof, there were champi- 
 ons fent for of purpofe,efpecially out oiTn^Ciin.'T\\t{z Iports continued afterwards from year to 
 year in "teat folemnity, and named diverfly, either the Roman games, or the great Games. This l 
 Kin" moreover afligned certain places ab^ut the Vorum or common place for private men to build 
 in:\vhere the "alleries and fhops were made.He went in hand likewife to wall the City about with 
 aftonewall, %ut the Sabin war Baid him in the beginning, thathewent not forward with that 
 work.This came fo fuddenly upon him, that the enemies were pafied over the river Anio^ before 
 the power of the Romans could meet them, and make head againft them. Whereupon great fear 
 there was at Rome. And at the firft a cruel conflift there was, and much blood (bed on both parts, 
 but no appearance of viftory. But after the enemies wereretired once into thecamp,and that the 
 Romans had time to gather frefh forces, Tarquimus fuppofing his only want was in his cavalry , 
 determined to Join unto tht Rham^enfei-,Titie>}fes.^aTidLi4cerei',\yh'KhRomii/us had ordained.other 
 Centuries or Cornets ot hotfemen, and them to leave unto the polferity after him, bearing his M 
 own name. Which becaufe kown/us had done aforetime by the counfel and advife of Angurs, Ac- 
 CIU6 Navitis renowned and famous in thofe days for his skill that way, oppofed himfelf and gave 
 out p'ainly ,that there might be nothing changed or newly ordained in that behalf,unlefs the birds 
 firft approv ed and allowed the f'me. Whereat the King was wroth,and in fcorn and derifion of his 
 art, as they fay: Come on Sir Soothfayer (quoth he)areed,andtellmeby the flight of your birds, 
 whether that may polTibly be done,which I now conceive in my mind. To which demand Navim^ 
 who hadfirft made proof therof by his learning, anfwered refolutely, that it might in very deed be 
 effeil;ed,Why then (quoth he) I have imagined inmy conceit, that thou (halt cut a whetftonea- 
 fundcr with a rafor: Heretake them to thee, and diipatch that which thy fowls forefbew may be 
 done: then as the report goeth, without more ado he cut the whetft one quite in two,And in that jsj 
 very place where this feat was done,the Statue or Image of Accius wasere6ted,with his heacfco- 
 vercd,evenintheCow/f«;<»3,at the flairs therof on the left hand of the Curiaoi Council houfe,lt is 
 reported that the whetftone alfo was fet up in the fame place, for a memorial to all pofterity fol- 
 lowing, ofthat miracle, Certainly,bothAoguries,and thePriefthood and Colledg of Augurs from 
 that time forward was fo highly honored, and had in fuch reverence, that never after was there 
 ou^ht done, either in war abroad, or in peace at home,but by their counfel and advife,Afremblies 
 of people fummoned weredifmiffed, armies levied and ready to take the field were difcharged, 
 yea, and thegreateft affairs of State, weregiven over and laid afide, when the birds allowed not 
 thereof. Neither did Ta.TCjmn{c>i that tims alter the Centuries of the horlemen any whit, only he 
 redoubled the number, fo that in three Centuries or Cornets there were 1 300. horfe : and thofe q 
 later fort who were added to the others, bare the names of the fonner,which at thisday, becaufe 
 they be double, are called tlie fix Centuries, Tarqmn thus having encreafed that part of his power, 
 bade the Sabins battel the I'ccond time. And over and befdes, that the Romans army wasin 
 ftrengih well amended, he devifed alfo privily a fubtileftratac^cm, and fet certain men to fet on fire 
 a mighty ftack of wood, lying upon the bank of Ayiie^ and fo to caft it into the river : the wood 
 burning ft ill by thehelpof thewindjand moft ofic being driven againft the piles of the bridge, 
 
 and
 
 TbefirflBoo\of T.LWms. ^"" 
 
 A and there flicking clofe together with the boats and planks, fired and confumed ic clean. This ac- 
 cident both terrified the Sabins in theirfight, and when they were dilcomfited, troubled them 
 much, and hindred their flight : lb that many a man having elcaped the enemy, yet perilhed in [he 
 very river.Whole armor and weapons floating downthe j^.'Y>r,were known at Ror»e^ir\d brought 
 news thither of this viilory,in manner before word could be brought thereof by land. In this 
 confli>5l the horfemen won greatelt price and praile. For being p,aced at the skirts of both the 
 wings, at what time as the main baitelof their own footmen, were now at the point to retire, 
 they charged lb tordbly upon the enemy (as it is reporced)from the flanks where they were mar- 
 flialled.that they not only liayeu the Sabin Legions preifing hard and fiercely upon thofe that be- 
 
 ggantoihrinkandgiie back, but ail at onceput them to fight. The Sabins ran amain towards the 
 mountains, but few gat thither: tor the greater number, as wefaid before, were by the horfemen 
 driven into the river. T^>-<5'?//«/«/ thinking it good to take the time, and follow hard upon them 
 whiles they were trighted, after he had fent to Rome^ the booty wich the prifoners, and burned on 
 a great heap together (.is he had \ owed to Vulcan) the fpoils of the enemies, marched on (fill for- 
 ward, and led his army into the Territory of the Sabins : who albeit they had already fuflained an 
 ov erthrow, and could not hope for better fuccefs, yet becaufe they had no time to confult and ad- 
 vife with themleives,withluch a power as might on afuddenin thatfiirberaifedjmet with him. 
 Where they once again were defeated and vanquifhed, and in tiie end being in defpair to make 
 their part good, they fued for peace. Then was CvlUtta^ and all the lands about it taken from the 
 C Sabins, E^enus the Kings brothers (on.was left with agarrilbn ztCollaua to keep that place.And The form of far. 
 ('as I find upon record) the Collatins were yeeided into his hands, and the manner of their fur- 'SR^'ng »City. 
 render went in this order. Firlf, the King demanded thusand laid: Are ye Embaffadors, or de- 
 puted affignsfent from the people of Co/to /<« to make furrender both of yourfelves and the Colla- 
 tines ? We are (quoth they.) And are the people ofCollacm in their own power, and at liberty to 
 do what they will? They are (fay they, j Do ye alfo render up yourfelves, the people of C«iy*j.'/<* 
 their town, their territory .ind lands, their waters,their limits, their temples, their houfii old fluff 
 and implements, and all thing elfe, as well lacred as prophane, unto my power and the peoples of 
 Rome.Wt do yeeld(fay they.) Then(quoth he) do I accept thereof, and receive all into my hands. 
 The Sabin war thus finiflied, ia^ejnt»tifs lewrncd to Rame in triumph. After this he warred 
 
 D upon theoidLatines.butthcyneverproceededfofaronany fide, as to join iffue in a general bat- 
 tel, and one fee field for all. But bringing his power firil to one town, and after to another he 
 madeaconqueftof the whole nation ot theLaims. So istheiQiovins, Cor>iiculftm, old FicuLea 
 Cameria^ Crufti'meriawy ^^meriola-, i/edit/lta, Nomenttim) Were recovered trom the old Latines 
 or from thofe that had revolted unto them. ' 
 
 After all this enfued peace. Then w as he more earneftly bent to go forward with his worksj 
 begun in time of peace, then he was before buhed in managing of his wars : infomuch,as he "^ave 
 the people no more repofe at home, then he had in wars abroad. For befides that he prepared to 
 compafs the City (which as yet he had not fortified) roundabout withaflone wall,thebeoinnino- 
 of which piece of work was by the Sabin war interrupted and broken off- he devifed alio certain 
 
 E draughts or vaulted finks from aloft into the Ty' er-, whereby he drained and kept dry the bafe Ci- 
 ty, or loweft grounds about the market place, and the other vallies between hill and hill, for that 
 out of the plains and flats, they might not eafily make riddance and conveyance away of the wa- 
 ter. Moreover, he levelled a large court or plot of ground, ready for thefoundation of the Tem- 
 ple of J^rpffer in the Capitol, which he had vowed in the Sabin war^his mind even then "ivinohimi 
 that one day it fhould be a ftately place. 
 
 At the fame time there hapned in the court a wonderful ftrange thing, both in prefent view, 
 and alfo in confequence. For as the report went, a young lad, whofe name was Ser-vim Tnllifis,zs 
 he lay afleep,in the fight of manyperfons bad his head all on a light fire. And upon an outcry railed 
 at the wondering of fo great a matter,the King arofe : and when one of the houfhold brought wa- 
 
 ptertoquench theflame, hewasby theQiieen flayed. And after the flir was lamewhac ap^peafed, 
 ftie tbrljade theboy to be difquieted, until fuch time as he awoke ot hiralelf : and wirhin a vvhile 
 as the deep departed, the blaze likewife went out,and vanifhed away. Then 'fafia-jml the Oueen 
 taking her husband afide into a fecret room. " See you this boy ('quoth fl-ie) whom we fo homely r«i««rf-the 
 "•keep, and in fo poor and meaneftate bring up?Wot well this,and know tor certain, that he will Qi!«n unto king 
 " one day be a light to direft us in our dangerous troubles and doubtful affairsjhe will be the chief ^'"^'"^^' 
 " pillar and fuccour of the affli(5fed flate of the Kings houfe.Letus therforecherifh and fofler with 
 " all kindnefs and indulgence thefubjeif matter offo great a publickand private ornament.Wher- 
 upon they began to make much oftheboy,as ifhe had been one oftheirownchildren,andtoin- 
 fltu6\ and train him up In thofe arts, whereby forward wits are ftirred to great enterprifes, and to 
 
 Q atchieve high place of wealth and honor. And ibon came to that pals, which pieafed the almiohty 
 gods.For he proved a young man indeed ofprincely nature and towardnefs:in luch fort that when 
 there fhould be a Ibn in law fought out to match with Tarquiniiu his daughter in marria<^e, there 
 ■was not one ot all r he young gentlemen of ^owc to be found comparable to him in any reipedf^. So 
 as the King affianced bis daughter unto hrm. ThisXo great honor whereunto he was advanced, up- 
 on whatfoere canfe or occafion it vvas,induceth me to think he was not the fon of a bondwoman, 
 •nor that he ferved whilft he was a little one^ as a flave.I am of their mind rather, tha#i;epon: thus: 
 
 . * When
 
 24. The fir/l BooJi of T. Livius. 
 
 when Corniculum was won, the wife of Scrvitts Tullms, a great Lord and principal perfonage of j^ 
 that City, and there flainvvas left great with child: and being amorg other captis es known wnole 
 wife fhe was, in regard of her rare nobility only, was by the Qiieen prelerved from lervitude, and 
 at^owf in /'r//a«^7>7«;;"«^hishoufe,was delivered of a child:iipon which fofpecialtavor.there 
 grew more familiar acquaintance between the two Ladies, the Qiieen and her felf ; and the child 
 alio brought up ofa little one there in Court,was both tenderly be;Oved,and alio highly regarded* 
 But his mothers fortune, whofe hap was after her country was loW, to fail into the hands of ene- 
 mies, caufed men commonly to think that he wasthe fonofabond-flave. Now in the 58''».year 
 almoft,after that Tarcjmmtis begc^n his reign, was this Serzius JulUas in right great eliimation and 
 credit,not only with the King, butalfo with the nobility and commons. Then the z.lonsof^/?- i 
 fw, who as they always before difdainedin thehigheft degree, that they were by the deceitful 
 pradlifc of their guardian, fo unworthily put by the inheritance of their fathers Kingdom, and that 
 aflranferraigned at /?(?»;<•, one who was not defcended of any neighbor houlethereby,nonorib 
 much as of Italian blood : ionow they began much more to take Itomach and indignation, in cafe 
 that after Trtr^«;«/w, the Kingdom fhould not return unto them and their line, but fiiould Hilrun 
 on end, and headlongwifefall unco fuch balevarlets: That in the fame City, ico. years almoft 
 after that Romulus the fon of a god,and a god himlelf, raigned therein, (during the time he remai- 
 ned hereupon the earth )a very bord-fjave androbetter,ard one born ot a bond- woman. fliould 
 be poflefled of the Crown: and that it would be a foul (fain and difhonorgenerally to the name of 
 the Romansjhut molt elpecially to their hou!e& family, if whiKt the iflue Male ot ^w«/lived,the k 
 Kingdom of /?o»;tffhould lie open, and beexpoled, not to flr^ngers alone, but which is more, to 
 very bond-men and (laves. Thinignominy therefore,and open wrong,they refohe by meer force 
 to putby and avoid .-howbeitjtne grievance of this injury done unto them, fet them onagainlt 
 7'-«r7«/«;«xhimfelf vnhcitbtn SfniusTnlltw ; both for that the King if helived iiill, would bea 
 morefliarprevenger of the murder, then a piivateperfon: and alio it theyfliould happen to kill 
 Serviu!, whomfoeverbefides, the King would vouchfafe tor his ion inlaw, him was he like to 
 make heir apparent, and inheritor alfoot tbeKingdotn. For thefeconfiderations they lay waitfor 
 to murder the King himfelfin this manner: There were forthepurpcfe to do this teat, two paf- 
 fing (^out and (lurdy herdmen cholen.who having fuch TuHical iron tools about them,as they were 
 wont both of them to occupy. and made a great fhew of a mofl tumultuous brawl and tray in the £ 
 very porch of the Court gate: by whiv h means,they drew ail the Kings ofli^ers,fergeants,and guard 
 about them : then as they called with a loud voice, both the one and the other upontheKing,in 
 fuch wile, as the noile was heard within the palace, they were convented before his Highnefs.Ac 
 their firft coming they cried out both at once, and interrupted one another in all outragious man- 
 ner, l"o as by a fergeant they were fain to be red rained and commanded to fpeak by turns, until at 
 length they ga\ cover their confufed bra wlings. Then one of them on fet purpole. as it was before 
 kinokXd!'"''* agreed upon,beganhisj:ale: and while the King as wholly bent to give ear turned alide towards 
 hmi, the other lift his Ax aloft, and (fruck the King on the head, and leaving it ftickingibere (fill 
 inthe wound, they whipt out both of them together, and ran their ways. And whilH they that 
 • flood next about Tr-rq-initis., took him up ready to die, the lergeants made after them that were M 
 fled, and apprehended them.Wheruponan outcry arofe &; a great concourfe of peoplejwcndring 
 what the matter might be. Taaaquit in this hurliburly caufed the Court gates to be (hut,and com- 
 manded every one to avoid rhe place : and at oneinlfant with great diligence provideth things re- 
 quifite to cure the wound, as if there were feme hope of life : and withal, if that fhould fail, fho> 
 preparech other means and remedies againlt the worft that might happen. Sending therefore in all 
 ipeed lor Servius^vihtr^ (Le had flsewed him her husband half dead,and already blood.'efs:fhetook 
 him by the right band, and belbnpbt him rot tofuffer, either the death of his father-in-law unre- 
 •Uoijmiio Serbi- ygnged, or his wives mother to bt.. laughing flock unto the enemies.Thine b the kingdom O^i??-- ;' 
 '■'•viMshy right (quoth (lie) ifthou i>ea man:audnottbeirs,whoby thehandsof others have com- 
 " mitted a iriollfliamefuljc villainous fa. ff.Take a good heart therfore,and arm ihyfelf.and follow 5^ 
 "the guidance and dircition of the gods, who long iince by a divine and heavenly flame burning 
 "about thy head, forefhewed that one day it fhould be highly advanced. Now let that heavenly 
 " blaze raifethce up: now awake in every deed: what man ! wealfobeingftrangers have born the 
 "Scepterconfider with thy felf vvho thou art now.andnot from whence thou art defcended.And 
 " ifinfofudden an occurrence. thine own wits be.iftonied.and tofeek,thenfo!lowmyrule,andbe 
 " adviied by myccunfel. In this while the noife and violence of the people was fo great, that it 
 •• could not well beluffered.Thenr^JM^^;/// from the upper loft of the houre,out at a window that 
 opcnedinto the new (freer (for the King kept his Court hard by the Temple oi Jufiter Stater) 
 Ta<u^<Uo the fpakeunto the people willing them to be of good cheer. "The King indeed fquoth flie)was ama- 
 peopie. '-fed andfwooned at thefuddcnflroak- howbeit it went nothing deep:for now is be come a^ain o 
 
 "to himfelf his wound deanfedfrcm hlood.and fearched: all fens of life,and no danger of death: 
 "and I trurt in God within a whilyou fhallfeehimfelfrgain.Tn the mean time his pleafureis. that 
 " the peop'e fliall be obeyfant to Seyvim Tullim ; he fliall min;(kr juhice and give laws, he (hall 
 '■ execute nnd peiform all the offices of the King, Then came i'lfr^.'/ jab: oad in his royal robe, 
 "called 7'nT/ei,attendedwith the Li£fors;and fitting in the Kings throne. fcmecauleshedifparch- 
 " eth himfjl^ofotherfomehemaketh as though he would confult and confer with the King. 
 .* . Thus
 
 The firfi Boo\^ of T. Li vius. ^ 5 
 
 A Thus for certain daies,the King being dead^and his death concealed, he, under colour of execu- 
 ting the fiindion ofanother, gathered Hrength to himidf. But when at thelaft it was openly 
 known by tbe wailing and lamentation which aroie in the Palace,that the King was depjned,5'er- SenimTuiim 
 vim accompanied with a llrong guard,{hewed himlclf and was the firlt, that without the clecti- "po" hlm.*^"'"" 
 onof the people only by the will and confent ot'the nobles.took the Kingdom upon him. 
 
 The '.ons ot Ancus at the hrt^, feeing theflnurderers attached, and hearing that the King was 
 alive, and Servius lo mighty, retired thcm.felv es as banillied perlons to Sucjfa Pomctia. And Scrvtus 
 now fought means to make himfelfHrong, as well by private help?:, as by publike. And leii per- 
 adventure the children ot /T??-5fw;«,-«illiould another day be as iliatfectedagainlt him.,as thechil- 
 vfidren ot Ancus were againll: larqitnuHs, he gave in marriage his two daughters to L^c./^x and 
 Arms^ two of the Kings fens latedeceafed. Yet could not he with ail thepolicy of mans wic 
 Hay ihefatailneceffity, noriiop and divert the courie ofthedcllinies j but that thecnvy thatfol- 
 lovveth a Kingdom bred all diftrud, dilloyaky, and malice, e\en amongthofe of his ownhou- 
 fhold, for all their a.liance and affinity. Hpwbeit, in very good time, and tidy for the quietnefs 
 of the prefent Itate, was the war with x.\\zVeientei ( for now was the term of the truce expired) 
 and other Tufcans, takenin hand. In which war, both the valour, and alio the good fortune of 
 TnUtus\yis, wellfeen and greatly renowned. Who having dif.omhted a mighty lioH of theene- 
 mies,as undoubted King in the conceit and judgment as well of the Senators as of the Commons, 
 if their hearts had been iounded,returned to Rome. 
 C Then in hand went he with a work of pea..e, and of all other the greatert, and ot mofl: impoi:- 
 tance. To the end,thatas Nama was thehrli author ofdiuneLawand Religion .Mo the polieri- 
 ty forever after might report and record,that Snv.m was the founder ot all dilHndlion and order; 
 wherebybetween degrees of worlli'p and wealth ^there might be teen dueditference, and regard 
 of worth. For he deviled and ordained the Cenl'e, to wit. the AfldTing. and Tax.uion of the Citi- The Levy or taz. 
 zens: a thing moli profitable to that Hate and government which was like in time to come to afonof thepeo,; 
 grow lb mighty. By whi^h Cenl'e.the charges and contributions, either in vvar or peace, was not ^^ ' m'titu'ei 
 levied by the poll upon the Citizens, as aforetime, but according to the valuation of their wealth 
 and ability. So he ercded certain Clcffcs and Centuries,and appointed their degrees.accordincto A$,or A(n?,a 
 
 firft Ciaflis- The elder were charged to be in readiuefs at all hours, for defence of the City : the 
 younger to follow the wars abroad. Thel'e werebound to find harnefs, for defence of their own 
 bodiesjan headpiece ormorion, afliield, greeves,andcorrelet,aIlof brafs : and tor offence of che 
 enemy, a javelin, and a fword. To this Claffis were adjoyncd two G.'nturies of Carpenters and 
 Smiths, or Enginers, who were in wage, and ferved without armour : and their charge was to 
 find the Campe Engines ot battery and artillery. Thefecond confitfed ot thdfe that were valued 
 between lococoand * 750C0 Afles. And of this fort both young and old were enrolled twenty "tH^'byOt. 
 Centuries: who were enjoyned to provide for their armour, a target orbu^-kler inftead of a *''''^=-'- 
 £ Oiield ; and excepting only a corfelet, in all points as the former. The third he would have to be 
 of thole that were elteemed worth " 50000 Affes, and asmany Centuries of them, and with the »ij«iib,5fl,. 
 famedillincfion ofage. Neitherconcerningtheir armour was any thing altered: only for their '^"'• 
 greevesthey weredifpcnfcd with. Inthe fourth Clatfis were thofe that were affelTed in the Sub- 
 iidy book, between 50c 00 and ' 25000 Afies, and of theTi were fo many Centuries. Their ar- "jsii.jflitf-d. 
 iftour was changed, having no more but a fpear anda caftingdart,with a loop called l^ernium. The 
 fifth wasgreater,containing thirty Centuries. Thel'e carried with them llings ana (tones to fling 
 afar oft" : among whom were reckoned the beadles or criers, together with the trumpeters and 
 cornettiers, who weredivided into three Centuries. This band Hood of them that were alfefT.d 
 from 25C00 unto * iiooo Afles. The valuation underthiscomprifcd all thereR ot themulti- *?+''l>7-ft.*<I. 
 p tude. Whereof arofe one Century, freed and exempted from warfare. Thus having turnifhed "* 
 and difpofed the forces of fhe Infantry, he enrolled belides twelve Centuries ofhorfemen, and 
 tho'eoutof iheprin.ipail men ofthe City: and fix other Centuries likewile, totho'e three^hac 
 /?-)»;! /«j inflituted, retaining tbe tame name (fill that they in theirhrlf iblemnidititution had. 
 Thefe horfcmcn far to buy their great horfes had* locoo Afles out of the chamber ofthe City "ji-iibj.fl:, 
 a peecc : and tor to find and keep thole horfes were the rich vviddows fct yearly at * loco Afles a , , i . ^^ 
 peece. Thus were all thefe charges and burdens fliii'ted from oft" the poor mens fnoulders, and 
 laid uponthericb. And ihcrcforeafterward was theirdignity and honoi^rfo much themore.For 
 in the grand-leers and folemneledions of MagiH rates, every man had not prerogative alike, nor 
 equall authority, as Romtd / firft ordjined, and the other Kingscontinued, when they gave their 
 G voices by the poll indifferently. one with another : but there was diCindlion made,and certain de- 
 grees ; butlo, as neither anyone was excluded or flnit out, and yet the whole relkd and lay inthe 
 power of the richer forr, andehief of theCity. For firft the horlemen were called: afterward, 
 the eighty Centuries, belonging to the firft Chilis, of the principa!lt"ootmcn: whoif theydifa- 
 greed, and hapncdto be at any difterence, then the Centuries ofthe fecond ClaffH were cited. 
 And never went they likely l"o low as to the laftof all. Neither ought any man to marvel;.,tbar this 
 order in thele dales, afcer five and thirty tribes compleat, agreeth not v.ith the Centurle'; ofthe 
 
 D elder
 
 , 5 J befirft Boo\of T. Livius, 
 
 elder and yonger forc,according to the computation fet down by Servitu T«//.7«,confidering their H 
 number is now doubled. For having divided the City into fourWards^accordingto the quarters 
 andhils ; thole parts which were inhabited hecalled Tribes, of the word Tribute (as Ifnppoie.) 
 For he it was that deviled and brought up the manner of equall contribution and paiment, pro- 
 portionably to the affefsment and rate of mens goods. Neither were thefe Tribes any waies at all 
 refpeftive tothedivifion or number of the Centuries aforefaid. When this Levy and taxation 
 was finillied,\vhich he difpatched the fooner,by reafon of the peoples fear of an act by him made, 
 concerning thofe that llioiild not come in to be regilired and enrolled in the Subfidy book ; he 
 publiflied an Edict,undcrpain of imprifonmentand death.that all Citizens of ^o>«<?,as wellhorle- 
 men as footmen, (lioiild the mcrrow after atthe break of day, every one in his own Century, I 
 (liew himfelf in Campus Afartins.J.e-inA/ars field.There, after he had muftered and embattelled the 
 whole Army, he afloiledand purgedthefame withthefacrificeof aSwine, a Sheep, and a Bull. 
 And this was called Conditttm Lptflrum. Which was the very doling up and accomplifhment of 
 the afleffement. In this LKJirum there were numbred and affeffed 80000 Citizens. Fabitts Pi[tor, 
 a mo(f ancient writer faith moreover, that fo many there were of able men to bear arms. For to 
 contain this multitude, it was thought good the City fhould be enlarged. Whereupon he adjoy- 
 nerh unto it two hils more, to wit^(nWw,and Fir»inalti,hktt this,he proceeded to augment 
 the mount E[ciuili<z ■ and to grace that hill, and make it of more reputation, there he dwelt him- 
 relf,and had his Court. He caft a trench and ditch, ^nd raifed a rampire about the City, and then 
 pomoeiy what yy^jieci it : by occation whereof, hefet outthe Pomary further. PomoeriHm-, according to the E- K 
 tymology and literall fignification of the word, is as much to ray,as Poftmarium-, or the Arruv 
 w»re,that is, a plot of ground behind, or without the wali.But indeed it is rather a ff)ace about the 
 wall on either lide, which the Tul'cans in old time, when they buiit their Cities,ul"ed by advice of 
 Augurs, to hallow and confccrate in certain bounds and limits, all along where they minded to 
 fet the wall : that neither within, the houles might joyn upon the wall ( whereas now adaies 
 they build clofe to)and without alfotheremight be a void piece of ground, lying common, tree, 
 and unoccupied ofmen. This vacant fpae,that neither might lawfully be inhabited, nor yet eared 
 and plowed, as well becaufeit was without the wall, as the wall without it, the Romans called 
 Tomartum. And ever as the circuit of the City was made larger, look how much the walls fhould 
 befet out further fo larthofehallowed andconfecrated boundsofthePomccrywereextended. L 
 
 Thus the City being much increafed in compafs of building and all things dilpofedin good or- 
 der, requifite as well for war as peace; to the end, thathefliould notalwaies feekto purchafe 
 wealth and puiffance by war and msrtiallprowefs only, he attempted to amplifie his dominion 
 bypolicy,and withall tobeRowupon the City fome glorious ornament to beautifie the fame. And 
 even at that time was the Temple oiDinna at Ephefus-,oi great fame,and much renowned : which 
 as the report went, was builtin commonby all the ftates and princes of ^/?ir. When as therefore 
 Serviusvio\i\d ufe highly to praife and commend unto the Lords and heads of theLatines ( with 
 whomof purpofe he hadbothinpnblike and private,mutual entertainment and tamiliar acquain- 
 tance) that generall agreement of the Princes of yl/ia., in matters of religion, and in the uniform 
 worfhipof the fame gods :at length, by much iterating and following liill that theam, he prevai- M 
 led with them fo far, that the nations of the Latines,and thepeopleof/vow? together ,built at i^owtf 
 a Templeunto Diana : which wasaplainconfeflion, and clear cafe, that Ronx was now the impe- 
 riall feat, for which they had I'o often warred.This quarrell albeit now the Latines all in a manner 
 had negleded quite, and made no care at all thereof, feeing they had fo often attempted ic by force 
 of arms, and fpedfo badly: yec fortune 'eemed to one only man to calf a favourable afpe^f, and 
 yeeld good hope, by his private policy and induOry, to recover again the imperiall dignity unto 
 the Latines. A certain houOioIder forfooth ot'ihe Sabins, had, as they fay.a cow bred with him of 
 a wonderful! bignefs and faire withall, ffor amemoriall ot which fo rare and wonderfuUbeafl the 
 horns were fet up, and remained fa(i fixed inthe porch of Dunes Temp'e, many a hundred years 
 afrer:^ this was fiippofed(asit was no lefle in very deed) a Grange and prodigious thing: and theN 
 wi e men or wizards prophefed, thatthefoveraignty and Empire fhould befetledandcllablifhed 
 in that State, whereof any one Citizen facrificed that cow unto D/<i«.7.Thispropherie came to the 
 ears of the Prielf of D n>:as Temple. The Sabin abovefaid, fo foon as he had efpied a meet and 
 convenient day for facrlfice, drives the cow to Rome-, and leads her to the Temple oiDfana^ and 
 there prcfentcd her before the Akar: where the Roman Prieft wondringtofeefo huge abeafi, 
 wheieof there had been lb muJifpeech, andcalling to mind withall the I'orefaid Oracle, fpaketo 
 the SAininthis wife My friend ( quoth he) what mean you to faciifice fo uncleanly unto D/Vt«<«, 
 and do rot rather purifie and wafh yourfelf all over infome running llream, before you come hi- 
 ther ?Lo where Tj^/^r^ runneth in the valley beneath. Theftranger then, moved with fomefcruple 
 ofconfcience,whodefirednothingmc/re, than that all fhould be well and orderly done, thatanO 
 happy fuccefs might becorrefpondent and anfwerable to fo prodigious a beaft, forthwith went 
 downtotheTj'^tT, In the mean while, theRomankilled the Cow in honor of Pw«^. This thing 
 pleafed the King and the whole City wonderful! well. 
 
 Servltisi albeit he were now v\ithoutall queftion by fo long continuance, fully and really inve- 
 fted in the Kingdom; vet because he heard fay, that young 7 ar(]nifiiifs otherwhilegave outfpeeches 
 of him,'"hat heraigned without the nomination and eleition of the people : therefore after he had 
 
 firft '
 
 The firfi BooJ^ of T. Li vius. 
 
 Afirft wanthe hearts of the Commons,by dividing among them every one certaine lands gotten by 
 conquelt from the enemies, he adventured to propound unco the peopJe^and putictotheirfuffra- 
 gesand voices, Whether their will andpleafure vvas^thathe fhouid raignover them. Thus was he 
 declared King with as great confent, as never any before with the like. But T^nqui-ziiHsio'c all this, 
 had ne^ercheiels hope to afpire ard attain unco the Crown: nay ratherfo much the morcbecaufe 
 heunderliood thelaid diviiion ot the lands among the Commons, was a thing concluded and paf- 
 fedagainR the will and mind of the Senators, Taking therefore occalion thereby to accufe and 
 blame Serzius before them,he iuppofed he had good means oftercd to wind himfelf into favor with 
 the Lords of the Senate, andfo to become (frong in the Coiincil-houfe. Over and befides,he was 
 B both himfelf a young man oi- great courage and hot llomack> and his wife likewife at home,dame 
 TulUa-i lay eier upon him, and pricked forward his dillempered and troubled mind : for you muft 
 ihink,that the royall Court of Rome alio hath brought forth and afforded one example of atragi- 
 call and horrible adi : chat by a wearinefs and loathing conceived againft the Kings government,li- 
 bercy and freedom might the fooner en;ue : and that raign be the lalt, which was by mifchief got- 
 ten Hrlt.This Lj ar:juinius-,\v\\zt\\ti he were the fon or nephew of Pnfctts TartjuimHs-^t is not ve- 
 ry dearhowbeitj would rather think with moli writers, that he was his fon. A brother he had, 
 Arni^sTarqwnms.fi'joana gentleman of a mild nature,Thei"ec\vo(as is aforefaid)had married the 
 two 1 ulliA the Kings daughter5,and they alfochemfelves were in conditions far unlike. And happi- 
 ly it fo fell out that two fro ward and violent natures were not coupled together in wedlock: fuch 
 C was the good fortune,! beieeve,of the Roman people that thereby the raign of Servius might con- 
 tinue the longer,and the City brought and letled in good order. The younger TJ!<///^,aftout dame 
 and a proud grieved and v exed much that her husband had nothing in him, no metall or matter 
 an all either to covet and delire, or to enterprife and adventure : her mind was fully fet upon the 
 other Tar(jnn^\m flie efteemed highly,and had in admiration,him fhe faid to be a man indeed, 
 and defcer.ded of royall blond. As for her fift er,fl-ie defpil'ed and checked her,for that fhe havinga 
 forward and valorous Knight to her husband,fat (lill,3nd feconded him not in audacity and bold- 
 refs,as a woman fhouiddo.Well,inl'hort time likenefs and difpohtion foon brought them toge- 
 ther, and as ic is commonly feen, Naught will to naught^and fort beft together. But the mifchief 
 and trouble that brought all up-hde down, arofe from the woman. For fhe ufing to have fecret 
 p conference with her fiHers husband, never ceafed to fpeak badly, and to rail of her own husband 
 unto his brother, and of her lifter unto her husband. "Affirming in good earneft, it vverebettec 
 *' both for her felf to be a \vidow,and for him to live fingle,and without a wife,than foto be mil- 
 '* matched as they were,and through the craven cowardife of others to languifh and come to no- 
 ''thing, Asforherfelf, if the gods had given her an husband according to her own quality and 
 *' worthinefs,fhe doubted not to fee^and that very fhorcly.the Crown in her own houfejthatnow 
 " fhe feeth in her fathers.In this manner poffeffeth fhe quickly the-humorous young man,and fil- 
 led his head with her own raQinefs and follies. Now when ArunsTarquinlus.pxiA the elder Tul- 
 //.!,who died juft in a manner both at one time, had well rid their own houfes, and made way and 
 overture tor a new marriage,it was not longbuc they were-marriedjwich Servitts his leave and con- 
 E nivency, rather than his good liking. But then every day more than other began ThUihs to be a 
 continuall mote in their eies,his old age hatefuUand his raign more odious : for now the woman 
 minded nothing but one mifchief upon another .• and would not fuffer her husband to be at reft 
 night nor day, left peradventure the former murders done and paft, fliouldferveto no purpofe, 
 and mifs the effeil of their defignments.And thus fhe brake out and iaid,That l!Ke wanted not be- ^"^'^ '° h^r 
 fore one that carried the name of an husband, with whom fhe ferved, and kept her felf quiet anci "' * 
 faid nothing." But Die had a want'of one,that thoughthimfelf worthy of a kingdom.that remem- 
 " bred he was the fon of TarcjuiniHs Prifcas, that loved better to be feifed of a Crown and fcepter 
 "indeed than hope for a kingdom,and hearthereof.Butfir(quoth ftiejifyoubethemanto whom 
 " 1 take my felfwedded,then I call you both husband and king : if notjthen is our cafe changed for 
 F '■ the vvcrfe, in that cowardlinefs is accompanied now with wickednefs. Why refolve you not ? 
 -' why arm you not your felf, and go about this bulinefs ? you need not go lo far as to Corinth or 
 ^^ Tar qttiyi'niot to feek and compafs forrain kingdoms, as your father did. Thegodsof yourown 
 *' houfe and native country the image and example of your father, the Kings Palace, and therein 
 ''the royall feat and throne of eftate,yea the very name ofT<ir^«/«,createth,namech,and faluteth 
 " you King.Buc an if your heart will not ferve you to thefe defigns,why bear you theworld in hand 
 " and deceive them ? why take you fo upon you as you do, to fhew your felf as a kings fon ? Gee 
 " you hence to Corinth again,3vvay to Turquinii^imn backward to yourformer flock and condi- 
 *iion,moreliketo your brother than to your father. With thefe and fuch like motives,by way of 
 feproofllTe checked the young m.in,fet him on, and pricked him forwards and fhe her felt for her 
 G part. could '-"e at no repof'e fot thinking that TanaquiL an alien and ftranger born,could contrive in 
 her head, and effec> fogreata matter, a"; to make two kings together, one afrcr other, namely, her 
 husband firft and afterward.*; her Ion inlaw : and fhe her own felf, a King.^ daughter,could bear no 
 ftrokeeither in giving orraking aw.iy a kinc:dom.7'i?r^.'«»?M.f kindled with thefe furies and tempta- 
 tions of a woman, wenr about,laboured and made court to the Nohles. efpecially thofethat were 
 Mi-Jorum q^entiitm' oftentimes putting them in mind of the pleafures and favours that his father 
 had done them, and requiring now of duty the like good turn at their hands. The young men,the 
 
 D 2 flowej
 
 28 1 befir^oo\ofT,Vw\us, 
 
 flower and manhood in generall of the City, he wrought and won to himfelf with gifts : and fo H 
 partly with g-eat promifes^what wonders would he do, and partly with railing flanders upon the 
 King in all p)aces,and charging upon him odious crimes, he grew very great and mighty. At the 
 laft "e'pying a c on\ eiiient time to let on foot, and put in execution his intended projects, with a 
 (Irons gua;d of armed men, he entred forcibly into the Forum or common place ot" aflembly, 
 whereat the people .ill furprized with great feare, he fat him down upon the Kingsthrone, even at 
 the entrance of the ( mia or Senate honfe,and there,by the voice ot the crier fummoned the Sena- 
 tors to counfell before King Tkrgr^/^iw/.Who forthwith there aflembled together: Some,thereto 
 m.^de and prepared aforehand:others,for fear leB their not coming might turn them to difpleafure. 
 And as they were aW onied at this Ikange and wonderful light,fo they thought Servins utterly un- I 
 h\%tteA\'il done, and his cafedelperate. There Tarcjaimus began an inveftiveinfpightful & reproachful terms, 
 theSe^ators. touching the firQ pedigree or parentage ot Servius-y^ faying.that he being a flave.&born ofa bond- 
 * " woman, after the cruel and fliamefull death of his father Tarcjuin^niav^zd the Kingdom: not by 
 *'meansofanInterregn,as the order was aforetime, nor by a folemnaflembiy, and thefree voices 
 *' ofthepeople.norye'tby the aflent of the nobles but only through the wile and fraud of one wo- 
 " man. And as he was(quoth hejthus born and thus created King,lo hath he been a partial favorer 
 '' ever of the batett fort even fuch as himfelf; and in hatred of the noble birth of others hath divi- 
 '■^ ded amongff the vileft perfonsjlands taken from the chief men of the City ; and all fuch burdens 
 '"^and charges,as had been in times pad common to all,he hath cart upon great perfonages of quali- 
 " ty and worth.and fet up an affeflfing or taxing,that the ftate of the wealthier perfons being maide K 
 " known and expofed to envyjhe might bringihem into difgrace with the people,and belfow their 
 <•• goods upon the poorell sndneedieli athispieafure.Amidff this Oration of his came 5frw'«xin 
 place, advertifed of the matter by a fearful melVenger in all halie. And prelently began to cry out 
 with a loud voice at the very pore h or entry of the Curiav'- What is here ado /quoth he^and what 
 " meaneth this O T.trc/myifhr.w dared thou during my life,afl"emble the Senators or fit on my feat? 
 *' Whereunio he fioutly made aproud anfwer that he did but keep his fathers throne, and being 
 "as he was, a Kings fon, he deemed himfelf more worthy to be inheritor ofthe Kingdom than a 
 " bondflave: and as for him,Iie h.td been fuffered long enough to play with his good Mafters, and 
 ''to infult over his better?. With thisarofe a gre'at clamour from the partakers and complices of 
 both fidestthe people they ran from ail parts to the Councill-houle,and like it was,that the Rron- \, 
 "er fhould be King.Then I'ar^uimm being put to his fliifts,and forced to try the utmolf jfeeing no 
 other remedy, took 5'<'r?'/«j by the middle, as being himfelf much yonger and ftrongerfar, carried 
 him out ofthe Council-houle.and threw him downfrom the flairs head to the foot and fo retur- 
 ned again into the Senate-houfe,io get the Senators together. The Kings Officers with the guard 
 attending upon him,fled, Himfelf well near dead,with certain of his ( ourtiers and train,breathlefs 
 alfo for fear,made fpeed,and rttired towards his Pallace.as far as to the top of ryj^rmj-ftreet, where 
 Se^vmTMm he was overtaken by them that were fent by T-^ri^a/W/Wr, andfo flain outright. And it is verily 
 killed. thought, that this was done by thefuggelfion and procurement of Tidha ; fo little dilagreeth ic 
 
 from other wicked pranks of hers. But this one thing is known for certainty -that flie c?me riding 
 in her coach into the common pla^e of aflembly-and nothing difmaied or abalTied at the prefenc e M 
 offo many men, there met together,c.illed forth her husband out o! theSenate-hou[e,and was the 
 firft that fliled him witluhe title of King. By whom fhe being willed to depart away out of that 
 throng and uprore as ffje returned homward as far at the pitch oiCyprins f!reec,\vherc was of late 
 a place confecrated unto Diana^^ called D-anium-x^e. coachman that had the guiding and driving of 
 the fieeds as he rurned the charior on the right hand up to the cliff F/rZ/.'/^f or to pal's up to the hill 
 £/5«;7/<c,fudden'v Raid for fear,and reined in his horfesand (lie wed unto hisLady and Miflris Ser- 
 w/« lying there murdered. And hereof followed (as the report goeth ) abeaflly part-,and beyond 
 all fenfeof humanity which the veryptacedoth witnefsflill atthisday,called xhttcw^onSc'eUra- 
 tus Vtcus^i.e. the wicked flreet : wherein the raging and frantick woman TmIHiI, hurried with the 
 furies and haunted with the ghofts of her fifler and husband,_caufed (men fay) her chariot to be N 
 driven over her fathers dead corps ; and being her fclf befprinkled and beraied with the bloudy 
 chariot, carried home with her fome part of it in token and witness that her hand was in this par- 
 ricide and murder of her own farher: totheend, that flie might provoke her own domeflicall 
 gods and her husbands ro wrath and difpleafure : and fo confequently, as they entred their raign 
 with milchiefand wickednefs; they might foon after be turned out thereof with fliame and infa- 
 my. 5'rm-// Ttdlhts raigncd four and fourty years jn fuch wife carrying himfelf.as it were hard, e- 
 vetifor 3goodandf>aid Prince that flTOuldfucceed him, to follow hisfleps. This made moreover 
 for his glory and fame, that together with him died all right and lawfull government of Roman 
 Kings. And even that regiment ofhis,fo mild, fo gracious, and temperate as it was : yetbecaufe it 
 refted in theabfolutepowerof one man, he was minded as fome do write, to have forgone and O 
 givenover had not thiswicked inteHinepraftife from his own family come bet ween, toprevent 
 and cot off hi"; good defigns and intent to fet his country free, 
 
 Afterhim began to raign T^r^wH/A/j-, for his infolent aits lurnamed .S'/zprr^/w, i.e. the proud. 
 For he would not furfer his wives father^unkind fon in law he) to be interred : faying oftentimes 
 in jibing manner, that flo?»////« alfo died and was never buried. Moreover, the principall heads 
 of his Peers and Nobles, luch ( as he thought ) had favoured Servim his proceedings, and took 
 
 pare
 
 The firfl Bool^ of T. Li\ ius. ^p 
 
 Aparcwuh hiaijchofehe madeavvayand llevv. Aftervvards,fearing upon theguik othisovvnconr.i~ 
 ence,th it he had gi. en an ill precedent for others, to cake vantageagainrtiiimfelf, attaining to the 
 Crown lb levvdiy ; he retained therefore a guard of armed men about his body : and in verytrnth, 
 fetting only might ai".de,no other righc had he to wear the diadem. as who raigned neither by peo- 
 ples cicction no. Senators approbation. Over and belidesall this,to the end he might iic lately mhis 
 leac by Icr ue tear and dread who repofed no trull: nor hope in the love ot his iubjeds ; therefore 
 to (kiKCthe greater terror into them^and hold them in awt,he by himfelfaione without affilfance 
 of any corniell, fate upon ail matters of liie and death: by means whereof he was able to kill, ba- 
 nifli,and -ondemnin forfeiture otLinds andgoods,notthofe on.y whomhelulpeited andhated^ 
 B but ailb them,from whom he could look for nothing elfe but fpoii.Thus when he had decaied the 
 number of thenoblesel'peci.iily hepurpofcd tothulenonew in their place, for to make luppiy: to 
 theendjthat the fewer they werc,the more, ontemprible the whole order might grow: and with 
 lefs dikontentput up the indi^niiy, that itiey were not employed in the Scace)nor oughc done by 
 their adv i.e. For this King was thehrU thataboiiilied thetuHome received and cortinucdby all 
 ethers afore him,ofconfulring with ttie Senate in all matters,& managing nothing without t -em. 
 He governed the Commonwcaleby him;eir,and alter his own waies: with wbomitpieafcd him 
 hemadewarandpeacejeagueand 10Liety,evenof his own head : & would break the lame as him- 
 felf thought good: thus hedid,and ufdidail at hisplealiire, without regard of the peoples mind, 
 or the Senates authority. Above ali,he lougbtto win the hearts and good wills of the Latine na- 
 C tion,that byfupport of forrain power alio, he might he more feture and fafe among Ids own peo- 
 ple: neither entertained he vvich their Prin es friendfliipand amity only but entredalfo into alli- 
 ance and affinity with them.ForuPto Off w^/ri!/ AL-mthw a Turulan,hegave his daughter in mar- 
 riage.This ..-/^w./z^t wa> otallLatines theprinLJpall androblel^ perlon, lineally dc:lcended(it we 
 may beleeve the common bruit ana report^from Uiyjfes a .d (C'/rc. .By this marriage he gained ma- 
 ny kinsfolk and friend ot his new Ion in law. So that now TarcjuinTts^zi in great authority and 
 reputation among the Lords and Barons ofche Latine?.Whereupon he gave them knowledge,3nd 
 proclaimed- that upona vcrtaindiy ihcy flnouid ail meet him at the fatred grove oi Y era tina-^ to 
 treat and commune together about matters cont erning the common good of bothStates.Thither 
 relorted they in great number betimes in tfie morning. And T^rcjifnitis bimfelf failed not for his 
 £) part to keep the very day appointed but it was fun.etcingweli near before he came.There,in that 
 aflemblyallday long before his com inu. was fuuch talk and reafoning,pocr fo^/fr^'jiouchlnghim. 
 TuritHs HerdoKifts oi Aricid , had in.eighed fpightfully againll TariiHinms\n\i\s abfence( for his Turmu^erda, 
 being away) faying, '• It was no inar^ e,l indeed that he was at R7me furnamed SuperhHs (iot even ".''« ^»>* 9"" 
 " then commonly they termed liimfu. although lo rctly and in whifpering wife. )For could there ^^"^f""^ 
 ■•"be (quoth he)a prouder part plaid,tlian thus to mock delude and abufe the whole ftate of Z,^f/- s(;,^„^„ 
 " a%?,thac when their princes and nobles were cited there to appear fjr from the Cities and dwel- 
 *' ling houfesjhe only iTioud beabfent that fummoned the aflembiy ? Which veriiy wasbf.tade- 
 " vice ol his to try their patien.e; that if chey once took the yoke he might keep them iVili under 
 " ash/s vaffals: torwho feethnot wh.^t he reacheth at? even to command and Lord it orer the 
 £ "Latines.Andincafehis own Citizens have done well, in trufting him in the !uleoverthem(ifa 
 '•'^ man may fay theytrulled him, and not rather that became foulely and forcibly by it even with 
 " fhamefulmurder)the Lacines alfo may put themfeUes into his hands with fecuricy.And yet I fee 
 " not why they fliould fo do,coniideringheisamecrfirangerandalien. But how and if his own 
 "Iubje6ls repent,and are dif^ontented with him .being one after another by him murdered bani- 
 ''flied deprived,and fpoiled of theirgoods? What better dealingsmay theLatinsshope andlook 
 " for? Therefore if they would be ruled by him they fliould depart home every man and not keep 
 "the day ofche Diet no more thin he doth that publiflied and pioclaimedit. Wbi.ell this fediti- 
 ous and dangerous perfon, who by thefe and Uith likefaitious cour es was grown to be a great 
 man and powerfullin his country, iiood arguing thus, informing and following hard "pon other 
 F points, tending to the fame etfev!;!: in comet h Tarcjuintus. Whereupon he brake oft his Ipeei h,nd 
 all was huflTt.Then turned every man to I a lute and w el.omQ Tar^itiyittis : Who alter li'encemide 
 Ybeingadvifedbyl'omeof his lamiliars that were next unto him, to excu'e himfe'.ffor tomingat 
 that time of the day)faid that he had been taken to ie an arbitrator or daiefman between the fa- 
 ther and the fon : and becaufe he was defirous and careUill to procure an aitoqement between 
 them and to make them good friend- : he made the 'oni;er (\?.y and came the later. Whi. h occa- 
 fionofbufinersfeeino ichaddifappoinccd theinoi thacday, therefore the morrow alter he would 
 deliver that which he had inpurpofe and irtended tomoveunto them. Buc THrms (as they fay) 
 could not hold-.nor pnc npromu^h as this with (ilenre: but brake out and laid again, there was no 
 fpeedicr deciding ind takingup of any m'tter, than between the father and thefon : a thingthat 
 G might be diTpan hed in few words : for if be would nor obey and give place unto his father be 
 fliould abide the fmarc ot it with a mifrbief. And rhus the Ayiciie having girded as it were^ and 
 slanredat theRom'.nKmg d puttd outof the Afl'tmbly. Whi b th-ne, T.t^«'W/k.' taking more 
 difp eafanriy a good deal than lie m d-' femb'ance of, forthvvith dc iied and pradi ed to bring 
 '] !iyy!:!sic hi-death. that hemight(:r'ke the (ameierroiir into the hearts of he Latines, where- 
 with hehadki'ptunderhisowninbjetlsathome.Andforthathehjdno .tbfnlutepower to caufe 
 him openly to be flain,he framed moLl fahely a criminall action againlt the guilileis man ; thereby 
 
 D 3 wrong-
 
 3' 
 
 7 be firfl BooJ^of T.Livius, 
 
 - wrongfully lo work his deftru£tion. By means of eertain Arkians of a contrary fadion, he H 
 wrought a bondOave of T«r««« withafumof money, to fuffer a number of fwords privily to be 
 r<iy<i<lm\u^^- conveyed into his Mailers Inn or Lodging: which being done in that one night accordingly, rr.r- 
 i;iinftr«i«M ^^/wWiomewhat before day,fenc for the chiefLordsot the Latines to come unto him; and pre- 
 Htrdoniut. tending as though he were frighted by fome Hrange accident^iaid," That his long tarrying the day 
 " before,(by Gods fpeciali provideni.e,as it were^fo appointed )w as for the fafety of him and them 
 "all. For he was intormed that T«r;««i contrived tomafl'acreboth himand the heads of their na- 
 "tio'n, totheendrhathealonemightraignovertheLatines: That he minded yelierday to have 
 •' put this plot in execution^ even in the very aflembly ; but the deed was deferred, for that hitn- 
 "^felf(the principal! author of that meeting) whofe life he fought for above all other, was not in J 
 "place;and hereupon it was (faith he) that he fared fo as he did^andrailed againft him fo bitterly 
 •'the day before in hisabfen:e; for that heby his long tarrying had putHnx-by his hope and the 
 " effeft of his defigns: and if all were true that was told him, he nothing doubted but early in the 
 *' morning at break of the day, fofoon as they were fet in Councill together, he would come ar- 
 « med and well appointed with a crew of his adherents and fworn confederats.- for reported it is, 
 " (quoth hejthat a number of fwords & other weapons are brought into his lodging:which whe- 
 "ther itbefo orno mightfoonbeknown.And therewith he defiredtheip to take the pains to go 
 with him thither. And verily,conlideringthe proud nature and haughty fpirit of T«rw;i,together 
 with hisyefterdaies oration, and the long ttay ofT^r^^w/wbefideSjfor thatthe pretended maf- 
 facrefeemedthereby to have been put off and prolonged, the matter became very fulpicious and K 
 pregnant.Thus go they with minds verily fomewhatendined anddifpofed to heleeve all.and yec 
 fo,asthey would think all thereft but tales andlies,unlefstheyfoundthefwords aforelaid. Being 
 come to the houfe,and Tarmis awakened out of fleep,certain warders were let to keep him on e- 
 very fide : and when they had laid hold upon his fervants, who for love of their Lord and Malter 
 beoan to make refi(l2nce,the fwords were brought forth out of all theblind corners ofthehoftel- 
 ry openly tobefeen: then was it a clear cafe and paft all peradventures : and 7' )'>»«f was appre- 
 hended and irons clapt upon him. And immediatly in all haHe the Latines affembkd together to 
 councill in that great tumult and uproar: Where, upon bringing forth the fwords in light before 
 them all, they were fo incenfed and deadly bent againll him, that he was not fuffered to anfwer 
 ritmiu tJerdo- and plead for himfelf,but was prefently at the fource or fpring head ofthe Fcre^^.tr^e water plunged L 
 HtMputto down,and a hurdle done aloft upon him, and greatliones heaped thereon, and fo after a new kind 
 deith. of death ftifled and drowned. Tkr-^iwWaj- then, after he had called the Latines again to the place of 
 
 councill, and much commended them for duly executing Tumus, whopradtifmg thus to alter and 
 trouble the ftate, was detected of a manifeft intended murder, made this fpeech unto them : " I 
 rxfqmmui to tc miohti'quoth he^if I would,by vertue of ancient rites alledge and plead.that forafmuch as all the 
 \htArinns. cc Cannes aredefcended from Alba, they are comprifed within that confederacy and league, 
 *' whereby in the raign of T«/fejthe whole Commonweal and State of Alba^ together with theic 
 : " inhabitant?,became incorporate into the Empire of fowf.Howbeit,in regard rather ofthe com- 
 '< modity and weal-publike of all! judge it requihte, that the league were renewed, and that the 
 " Latines might enjoy and be partakers ofthe profperity and happy fortune ot the people oiRow.Cj M 
 <' rather than evermore to hazard and fuffer the dertruftion and defolation of their Cities, with 
 "thefpoilingand waBingof their lands,whichfirlt in ^w«jdaiescheytafted,and after inmyfa- 
 * thers time they had abidden & fuffered.The Latines were hereto foon perfwaded.And although 
 in that league the preheminence and foveraignty refted in the Romans, yet they law well enough 
 that both the Heads and Rulers of the Latine Nation llood with the Roman King, and were 
 wrought unto his hand, to fide with him: and alfo 7«r«;;^j' unto them vvasafrefh precedent and 
 example ,to teach them what danger might betide every one that (hould make a part againft him 
 and crofs his intention. So the alliance was renewed and proclamation made according as it was 
 capitulated, that all the ferviceable men of the Latines flionld at a day appointed repair in good 
 number with their armour unto thegrove of f fr*»f/w<i.Who whenthey were theremet together N 
 from all parts according to the Edict of the Roman King, to the end they fhould have no Cap- 
 tain of their own to lead them, no privy watchword or regiment by themfelves to diredl; them, 
 nor private cnfignsdiilinft from the reft to keep them together ; he fliuffled or mingled the bands 
 and companies of Latines and Romans onewith another, making one of twain,andtwo of one : 
 and when he had thus doubled the bands, he fet Centurions over them. And albeit he was in 
 peace an unjuft Prince, yet was he in war no bad Captain ; nay, for martiall prowefs he had been 
 equall to the former Kings, had henot failed and degenerated in other things, and thereby ftained 
 and hurt his glory even in that behalf.He wasthefirll that warred upon the Volfcians,whi'h war 
 Smffi Pometii after his time lafted more than loo years : and wan from them by force Sttejfa Pometia. Wiiere 
 tfonbythc having made portfale of the pillage and raifed as much gold and filver as amounted 10*40 talents, O 
 • ^""r'ft ^^ conceived in his mind to build foftatelya Temple oi Jupiter as might befeem the foveraign 
 1070 1. er . Kjno of gods and men become thenob!e Empire of Rome^snd an'.wertheMajeftyalfo ofthe ve- 
 ry place where it was to ftand. And for the rearing and finifliing of this Temple,he laid that mo- 
 nev apart, that came of the fpoil atorefaid. But prefently upon this was he furprifed with a war 
 that held longer than he hoped it would. For having made ore affault in vain upon Gabiiy 
 a. neighbour City to Rome, anddefpairingalfoofanygood fuccefs by beleaguering the town, 
 
 t'u
 
 The firfl Bool^ of T. Livius. 5 1 
 
 Afor that he was valiantly repulfed from the wals, at the lad he deviled and relblved togetitby 
 wile aqd deceit ra courle chat Romans had not ulually pradiied. Formaking as though he had gi- 
 ven over and abandoned this war, as being now earnelUy bent and bulily occupied about laying 
 the foundations of the Tempie,and following other publike works in the City : Sextus his fon,the 
 youngert of chreejfled on purpole to Gaintt complaining of his fathers intoUerable rigour and cru- 
 elty againll him: faying, "That now he had turned his acculiomed pride from (kangers upon his Sextm TurquU 
 *' own bloud, and was grownto be weary of lo many children: that as he had madegood hand ":"* fo'tJeGa^ 
 ''and 'lean riddance of his Nobles, and left the Senate defolate,fo he might bringit topafsinhis ""^° 
 " own hcufe.to ,eave behind him no ilTuenor inheritor of the Kingdom.And for his own perfon 
 B " verjjy ,he was efcaped from among the pikes and I'words of his father, and was perfwaded fully, 
 "he might no where belureinfafety, but with the capitall enemies of L.Tarqwmus. For topuc 
 "them one of doubt, and that they might be no longer abufed, the war continued ftillagainll 
 "them, whii-h feemed in outward fhew given over and laid away: and hisfathervvould not fail, 
 " but whenfoever he could fpy his vantage and fit opportunity, comeupon them at unawares. Buc 
 *' in cafe there were no place of refuge and proteflion for poor & humble fuppliants amongrt them, 
 "he would wander & travel all over Z-<«r;«w:andif he might not relt there,hc vvould from thence 
 "go totheVolfcians, Aquians, and Hernicks,untillhe came to them chat knew how to favethe 
 "children from tbe cruelty and inhumane perfecution of the fathers. Perhaps he fhculdfind 
 " means to ftir coal? and kindle war,yea5and perform himfelfgood ferv ice againli that moR proud 
 
 C " King,and that molt iiout and infolent people. And Teeming withall in great anger and diicon- 
 tentment,(if they wouldnot regard his comp!aints)ready to depart and go his waies,he was kind- 
 ly entertained and friendly entreated by xkizG'ibi.ins: '" who willed him to be of good chear and The Cabins to 
 " not to marvell at alL, that 2 ar^utnms became now at length fo ill affeil;ed againtt his own chil- Smtn Tarqm-' 
 •' dren,like as he had tyrannized already upon hisfubjedfs and confederat3:for he would no doubt »'»'• 
 ''intheendexcrcife his fell (lomack even upon himfelf, for want of other lubjeft matter to vyork 
 '• upon. And as to himrighc welcome he was to themafluringthemfelves that within a while ic 
 " would fo come to pafs, that it he with them would fet to his helping hand, they fliould remove 
 " the war from the gates of Galiii unco the very walls of Rome. After this was he admitted to fie 
 with them in common counfell. In which he ufed oltencimes to fay, " That in other matters he SfxX*iqumni 
 
 P" gave place, andrererred himfelfto be advifed by the ancient Cabins, as men more pra(5tifed and to the Sena- 
 " experienced than himfelf but for the war Avhi:h ever and anon he perfwaded them unto>himfelf '°" pf ''"e 
 "took upon him a fpeci all inlight and skill therein, as he that knew the ftrength of both nations, *^*'>'"'» 
 <^ and was fully perfwaded in his confcience, that the Kings pride muli needs be odious to his fub- 
 " jefls, which his very own children could not brook and endure. Thus whiles by littleand little 
 hefollicited the principall Citizens to rebell, and went himfelf daily in perfon with a crew of the 
 mofl forward and able young men,forraging fpoiling, and making rodes into the Territory of the 
 Romans,and chat now through his words and deeds,vvhich tended to fraud and deceit in the end, 
 they began more and more to give credit unto him that one day would deceive them, he was ac 
 hft chofen Generall for the war. And having made certain (mall skirmifhes between Rome and Ga- 
 
 E l}es.^n which for the moft part the Cabins had che better (whiles the fimple people,God wot /aw 
 not his drift and how he carried the matter : ) thenall the Cabins from the highefl to the lo welt, 
 thought verily and in good earnert, t\\7iX. Sextm Tarcjtuitms vi xsitnt them by fpeciall grace even 
 from God above to be their Captain and Proteftor.But with thefouldiers.what vyich attempcing 
 painfu'l encerprizes and performing dangerous fervice, and what with dealing prizes liberally a- 
 mongrtchem/itpaffed how hegrew into credit and how dearly he was beloved; infomuch as I'ar- 
 ejuinius the Father was of no greater command at Ronie^ than TArcjHinius the Son ^x.Giibes. Thus 
 when he law hehadgathered'llrength fufficient, and was fully fuinilhed againli all aflaies ;hedif- 
 patched unco his lather at/^ow^fjOneofhisttuRy fervants with credcnce-toknovvhis willandplea- 
 fure, feeing that the gods had done him this grace, that he at Ca'^es was able to do all in all. To 
 
 F this meflage made the King no anfweratall by word of mouth, taking the man belike, as I verily 
 think,for one hardly to be trufted.But as one miifing with himfelf and in a deep Rudy vyhat anfwer 
 to flijpe,he went into a garden on the back fide of the houfe and his fons mcfl.nger followed af- 
 ter. There walked he up and down, and faid never a word ;onIy with his tod or walking Raff as 
 if is reported,he knapt off the uttcrmoR heads and cop? otthe poppies. The mcffenger weary vyicli 
 calling for an anfwer and waicing fuch attendance returned to (7j^«as wife as he came,and with- 
 out effeft of his errand. He reported what he had faid and feen, namely, howtheKing-whether 
 upon anger or hatred ,or pride ingrafted by nature uttered no fpeech at all. But S:xtus knowing by 
 thefe myRicall and lecret circumRances,his- fathers will and direction m ;de no more adohut flew 
 the chief of the Citizens :fomeby accul'ations unco the people, and others by reafon of disgrace 
 
 G they were already in.andthereby expofed unto vioience.were foon overthrown. Many of them 
 were openly executed, and fome, whom there was little apparance or colourof juRiv-Cornone at 
 all to accufe were facretly murdered. Divers of their own accord fled into voluntary exi^e, or elfe 
 they vvere forced into bantfliment ; whofegoodsaswellas theirs that were put to death, were di- xfjjQjy^f 
 vided among the people. By fweetnefs of thislargefs of fpoil,by the profit and wealth that grew to e^^,; Purreno 
 private perfons ; the nnbiike woe and calamity wasnothingfelt and leen : until! fuch time asthe dred torar- 
 GahiKs whole eftared.ipoiled of counfell ;bereft of aid and fuccour.yeelded without dint ot fword v^miM, 
 unco the King of Rome, TarqtitMUS
 
 / hefirfi Boo\ofT.Vw\us, 
 
 Tarcjuinins having thus gained the town oiGales, miAt peace wkh the n.uion of the jEquians, H 
 and rcnued theleague wkh the Tufcans. After this he (.on\crted his mind to the affairs ct the Ci- 
 ty amons which this was rheprincipall, to leave behind him the Temple oi Jupter-, upon the 
 mount r^rp(r//«, for a monument and memoriall of hisraign andname. That of two 'Jar^utns-t 
 Kincsbothjitmightbefaid another day, that the father vowed it, and the fon finiilied the fame. 
 And to the end that the floor and plot ofgroiind,fieed and exempted fromall other kind of religi- 
 ons might wholly be dedicated to Jwp/r^rand his Templejthereto be bulk: he determined toex- 
 augurate and to unhallow certain Churches and Chappels^which having been firlt v owed.,by King 
 Tacuif.in the very extremky of the battel againd i?ow«/«/,were after by him. confecrated and hal- 
 lowed. In the very beginning and founding of whichwork, kis faid, that the divine power and i 
 fcveraign deity moved the gods to declare the future mightinefsoffo great an Empire, For when 
 as the tirds by fgns out of the Augurs learning, admitted and allowed the exauguration and un- 
 hallowing of all other eels and chappels behdes5only in that o( Terminus, they gave no token to 
 confirm the unhallowing thereof: whkh was taken for an ominous prelage, and thus interpreted, 
 r«rwF«»athe j^^i feeing the feat and houfe oiTermintis was not (iirred,and he the god alone that was not dif- 
 fnd wretv"''' placed and called forth of the limits to him confecrated ; it fliewed that all fhould remain there 
 firm and i^able for ever. This divine-tokenof perpetuity beingreceived forgoodandcurrant: 
 there followed another Rrange and prodigious fign, portending thegreatnefsalfoof the Empire. 
 For as they digged for the foundation of the Temple,ihere appeared(as they lay;a mans head, face 
 and all wi'oleand found : which fight imported no doubc,and plainly foretold that it (hould be K 
 the chief Caftle of the Empire and the Capitall place of the whole' world. To this effect prophe- 
 fied the wizard:5,3s well they of iheCityas tho e whom they fenc for out of Ti4f an^to know their 
 opinion and judgment, Thus was the King"; mind a.l wholly fet upon fumpcuous building and fpa- 
 Ttfqu'm'm red for no coll. So that the pillage taken at /'owff/^,whit.h was laid b} for theaccomplilTimentof 
 Pnicusioaa- the whole work.would hard and fcantferve for the very foundation.Andtherforel would rather 
 *'r''f th "°" §""'^ credit unto Fabtus PiFtor ( to fn nothing that ne is the more ancient author of the twain ) 
 Capitoll. that there were but " 40 talents,and no more, than to Pi o who wriieih, that there was^4ccoo 
 
 •7500 li.fterl. pound weight of fiber fet by tortbatuie.Which umor mafs of money tould never be looked for 
 *iijooo.lib. JO arifeout of thefaccage of one only City in thoie dales : and mulf needs exceed the charges of 
 ^"^' the foundation of any of thefeifately and magnificent buildings in this our age. The King being L 
 
 thus wholly minded and bent to the hniflning ofthe Tempie,Jnd fending for Carpenters. M-3fons, 
 and other workmen, out of allparts of tif-an-, emploved not only the Cities money and Ifock 
 ihereaboutjbuc alfo had the work and labour ofthe common people withall.Whkh wasnofmall 
 toil of theirs,confidering the travel! of warfare beddes : yet vvcre they lels agriev ed and difconten- 
 ted therewith fo long as they founded and reared with their own hands the Temples of the im.- 
 mortail gods.But afterwards were they employed and ftt to other worxs. whii-h as they were lefs 
 in (hewfo were they moie painful and of gre'ter trouble, namely the making of fcaff olds or Ifan- 
 dino-places in the Cirque or Theater; and to the conveyan.eof amighty great finke or vault un- 
 der the oround for to reieive and carry away ah the hkh and corruption of the City, To which 
 two pieces of vvork-fcar^ely is the magnificence of our new modern bui.dings,inany refpecf com- M 
 parable. Having in this wife held the ommons in contmuall labour, becaufe he thought that a 
 mukitudeof people would but over-i.harge and pefier the City when they were not employed 
 fome way or ot hcr,and alfo minded by erefting Colonies, to enlarge the Confines of his Domini- 
 ons, he therefore lent part of them to inhabit and people Stgnui and Circeii^ two flrong torts and 
 frontier towns for the defence of the City by fea and land. 
 
 Whileft he was bufied in thefe affairs, there appeared unco him a Orange and fearfull fight, 
 namely^aferpent gliding down api'.brof wood, which having put the beholders in great fright, 
 and caufcd them to flie into the Kings palate did rot fomuch ?maze the Kings heart vvithfudden 
 and momentany fear for theprefenc, as fill his licd with perplexed crres what thethingmight 
 portend. Whereas thereforethe manner was to ufe the Ca/clars and wife men of 'tufc^n about N 
 publike prodigious tokens only: he being much troubled in fpirit, and terrified at this fearfull 
 fisiht, being domefiicall, and as it were touching and concerning his ownperfon; purpofed to 
 fend out as far as D Jphi to the mc^ftf^imous and renowned Oraiie in the world. And for that he 
 durrt not put any other in truft with the anfwers that Hiould be delivered by the fatall lots, head- 
 drefled two of his fons to take a voyage through unknown lands in thofe dales, and more nn- 
 knov>/n Teas into Greece. Titus and Aruns were they that went this journey, havingto bearthem 
 company all the way, L.Jiinius Brutus, This Brutus was the fon of Tarquima-, the Kings fifier, a 
 young gentleman of afar other nature anddifpofition than he feemed in outward fliew and fem- 
 blirtce. Hchaving heard fay, that certain print ipall Citi: ens, and his own brother among, had 
 been by t^^is his uncle pur to death ; to the intent that himfelf might ha\',; nothing left, either in O 
 the parts o' his mmd for the King to fear or in hisourward (fate lor him to covet and defire: re- 
 folved under the cloak of bafe contempt to fave himfelt, fince that in right or juflice he might 
 repofe fmall or no fafegard at all. And therefore ( ompofing anH framing himfelf of pnrpofe to 
 7«a.B.«f»M counterfeit a noddy and a very innocent, asfnffering h mfelf and all that he had to failintothe 
 <f^t«tcitc Ysap hsnds as an efcheat.he refufed norro be mifnamed RrutMt.a. name appropriate to unreafona- 
 ble creatures; that under the lliadow 8c colourofthatfurnamejthat courage ofhis lying dofehid, 
 
 which
 
 The firfl Boo^i ^f ^- Li vius. g 5. 
 
 A which Ihould one day fet free the City ofRome, might abide the full time and appear induefea- 
 ion. This Br:tc(iiheins,by ihs Tar^m>isbro\]ghi lo Delphi, as theirhughing tlock comakethem 
 paHimeby the way, rather than a meet m<ue to accompany them, carried with him (as men fay) 
 tortoofterandprerent unto yipo^/o a golden rod w ithin a Itatfeofcornell wood, made hollow tor 
 the purpofe: the very type' and refembiance byl'ccrec circumftances, ofhis natnrali difpofition. 
 Thither being arrivedjihe young men having done their fathers commilTion accordingly, were ve- 
 ry delirous and earned to inquire and learn ot the Oracle, which of them fliould be King ot Rome. 
 And from the bottom of the deep Vault^this anfwer, as men fay, was delivered in their hearing : 
 \jVhich ofyou{OyoH-jg men) fhall fifi kjjsjiour mother-,he[h.ill bear chief ayidfover-iign riiU' in Rome.] 
 B The TarcjHins then intsndmg that Scxtr.s their brother who was lefc behind IlX. Kome^ might nei- 
 ther know the anfwer, nor yet obtain the kingdom , willed the matter fhould by all polTible nieans be 
 carried lo fecretas might be,and concealed from him. They themfehes agreed upon this together, 
 to draw lots whether of them twain, when they were returned to /^owf, fliould lir(l kits his mo- 
 ther. But ,5r«f;/ifuppohng the fpeech of ylpolio his Prieli.tendedto another fenfe, made js though 
 he Rumbled forward and took a fall, and lb touched the ground with his mouth and kitted the 
 earth, thinking this with himlelf, that flie was common mother of all mortallmen. Then returned 
 they to ^«)wc, where they found great preparation for war againil the Rurilians. 
 
 The Rutilians then were Lords of ^r^f^a.A people in thoie partfjand for thofetimes,very rich ^,y/m hefieped 
 and wealthy: and that was it that gave the very occafion and was the fitlt motive of war. The bytheKotnaos 
 C Roman King was deF.rousboth to enrich himfelf,as having about the fnmptuous building of pub- 
 like works emptied his coffers : and aifo by fome fpoil, to mollifie and win again thehearts ofhis 
 natnrali fubjecls : beingmuch difcontented ( behdes their ge ■eralimiuike ofhis pride otherwife) 
 at hii manner of government ; and difdaining greatly that they were by the King made labou- 
 rers, to ferve carpenters and mafon-,, and held fo long to lervile toil and painfull labour. The Ro- 
 mans affaied at the ' eginning to furpriie and win -^rciea by aflault : but when that way fped but 
 ill, then began rhey to annoy and diHrefs the enemies by laying liege, by calling trenches, railing 
 forts, andfabri'.ks about the town. During this (lege, and the liandmg camp lying there, ( as it 
 falleth out commonly, when the war i.'^ rather long and late than hot andcruell) there were gran- 
 ted large licenfes and pafports to and fro between the Camp and Rome, with much liberty : and 
 J) yet more to the Principals of the Army than to the common Souldiers. And the Kings Ions had 
 otherwhile good leifure to fead and banquet one with another. Upon a time it hapned whiles 
 they were drinking and making merry w'nh Scxtus Tarqw^msmhis pavilion, yvhsis Coll :tims 
 Tarqmnitts the fon of E^rri-.Aiz at lupper : there arofe among other good table-talk, fome argu- 
 ing about their wives; whiles every man highly praifed and wondroully commended his own» 
 And growing to \o:nz heat and contention thereabout: There need not many words for this mat- 
 ter, quoth CoIlMiwis^fo^ in few hours it 'ay be known how far my Lttcntia furpaffeth all the reft. Thefiory of 
 And therefore if there be any luftinefs and courage of youthin us, why mount we not on horfe- duae iJurstiit. 
 back, and in our own perfons go and fee the natures and difpcfitioiis of our wives ? And as they 
 (hall be found and :een,taken of a hidden, and not looking for their husbands coming, To let eve- 
 £ ry man judge of them, and let that down for the only triall of this controverfie. They had all 
 taken their drink well,and were prettily heat with' wine : Mary, content fay they all, and to horfe 
 they go, and away they gallop on the ipur to Rome. Thither wer; they come by the fliutting 
 in of the evening when it grew to be d:rk ; and fo forward without any Itay to Coll itia they ride. 
 Where they find dame Lu-retia, not as the Kings fons wives, whom they had fuprifed and feen 
 afore, palTing the time away in fealHng and rioting with their minions- and companions: but 
 fitting up far within the night in the midif ofherhoufe among!^ her maidens, hard at wooU- 
 work by candle-light. Whereupon, in this debateabout their wives, the entire praie and com- 
 mendation refted in Lttcretia: Her Husband and thcTarcjuimhid a loving and courteous wel- 
 com at her hands. And he again for joy of the viftory, invited the Xing; Tons kindly and made 
 j: them friendly cheare. There at that inflant Sextm 1 arq:ii>jir.s was bewitched and pofleffed with 
 wicked wanconlufl, for to oflferviolence and villartyunto Lucretia: her palling beauty and her 
 approved chal^ityfet him on fire and provoked him thereto. Butfor theprelent, when they had 
 difported themfclves all night longlike lufly and pleafant youths,they returned betimes in the mor- 
 ning to the Camp.A few dales zkir,Sexttts Tarqtjmir.s, unwitting to CoU.xtinns. attended with one 
 only mancame lo ColUtia^ where he was again in good and friendlyfort received by them in the 
 houfe, that furpe6i:ed nothing lefs than that whereabout he was come. And being after fupper 
 brought upintotheg''e(Uhamber, when bethought ailabnut him lure, and that every body was 
 fait afleep.all let on fire and burning inlove, he (leppeth with naked fword in hand to Lucretia^&s 
 fhelayfleepipg fu'.lfoundly,and bearing down the v/omans brelfw'th his left hand, Peace (quoth 
 G he) Lucreti.: & not a word: I am Sex' us Targc/ini.is I have my drawn iword in handiif thou once 
 fpeak thoufl-ialrfurcly die. The fil'y woman thus flarnng outoffleep. was fore af^right, as fee- 
 ing no remedy but in a mannerprefent death, in cafe ihe bad cried for help. Then uttered 7ar- 
 cfii'iiins tind confeffed his amorous pafTion, tell to entreat and entreat sgain, and with his prayers 
 intermedled threats, and went every way about her- rrr^t reni n;^ by all means to lift, to fou"d 
 and temptthe womans heart.But when he law her obl^in.ue ard invinrible.ind (to diefor it) noc 
 relenting one jot; then, befides the fear ofdeath,heprefenteduntoherdii'honour and fbame ; 
 
 pretending
 
 24 7 ^^ firft Boo\of T.Livius, 
 
 pretending that after he had maffacred her, he would lay by her fide in naked bedjher own man- H 
 lervant with his throjt cut ; that it might be voiced abroad, that fbe was taken and killed in filthy 
 tuemia forced adultery. Foriearofthis reproach and infamy, fee how fmfulllurt gar the viftory, and conquered 
 by TatquniHi conliant chaHicy : and Tarquinitts in great pride and joUity^that he had by affault won the fort of 
 Sexiiu. 3 vvomans honour.departed thence. Butwofull Lucretia-)3.\i forrowing for fo heavy amifchance, 
 
 difpatched a mtflenger to her father at Rome, and fo forward to her husband at Ardea, with this 
 errand :Thattheyfhould Come unto her, each of them with one faithful! and trufty friend, i^nd 
 hereof they mulf not fail, but make all the fpeed they could/or that there was befallen a grievous 
 chance and horribiC.So there repaired to her Sp.Lucretim her fatherjaccompanied with P. Vale- 
 rhis the fon o\Vol,^us: and ColUttnus her husband, y/'iih L.Jun.Brtttus. Who both together by I 
 chance going back to^5Wf,encountredin theway his wives meflenger. Lucretiathey ioucdRi' 
 . ting alone inherbed-chamber,allheavy andfad:and{heatthecomingofthefeherdeareHfrieiids, 
 
 lafnts" t" ^^"^ ttn'i and vveptapace.How now my dear(quoth her husband^isail well? " No God wot fir, 
 chafte LwrtW. "(quoth flie again:) For how can ought be well with a woman that is defpoiled of herhonour 
 " and womanhood ? The print,Cofcr/««j,of another man is to be feeninthy ownbed.Howbeit, 
 *' my body only is diHained:mymind and heart remaineth yet unfpotted:and that my death fhall 
 " make good and juftifie. But givemefirtt your right hands, and make faithfrjllpromife that the 
 "adulterer fhall not elcapeunpunifhed.5'f.v.T<jr9«/«/«j is the man, he it is, who this night part,en- 
 " tertained as a friendjbut indeed a very foe in the higheft degree,hath by force and violence taken 
 ' ' from hence with him his ple3fure,a deadly pleafure,! may fay, to me -• and to himfelf alfo no lefs, K 
 *'ifye be men of courage. Allof them one alter another give their aflured word,comfortedthe 
 vvofull hearted woman, excufed her felf that was but forced, and laid allthe biame upon him that 
 committed the fliamefull ad:faying,lt is the mind that finneth,and not the body:and where there 
 was no will and confentjthere could be no fault at all," Well(quoth fhe)whatis his due to have, 
 *' fee you to that : as for me,howfoever I quit and affoil my felf of fin, yet I will not be freed from 
 " punifhmenc. And never fiiall there by example oi Liicretiet,it\y unhoneft woman or wanton har- 
 'Mot live a day:&;thus having faid,with a knife which fhe had clofe hidden under hercloaths,(he 
 LMettaV\\- "^ftabbedherfelf totheheart,and finkingdown forward, fell upon the floor ready to yeeld up the 
 iwiiiicrk f. cc ghofl.Out alas,cried her husband and tather hereai : and whileft they two were in their plaintS 
 
 and moans, Bratus drew forth the knife out of the wound oiLttcretta, & holding it out afore him, L 
 all embrued and dropping with bloud,"-Now I fwear(quoth he;by this bloud,by this moft challc 
 " and pure bloud,before the villany wroughtby the Kings fon.and here before the gods I proteft:, 
 «' whom I callto witnefsjthatlwillby fireandfword,andwith all my might and main perfecute 
 " and drive the country oi L.Tarqmntus\.\\z proud,and his ungracious wife,and the whole brood 
 *' of his children, and fuffer neither him nor any elfe for his fake to raign as King at Rome. Then 
 gave he the knife to Col/atifius,ZT)d fo to Lucretius Si ValerinstV^ho greatly amazed at this fo ftrange 
 occurrent,and wondring how it came to pafs, that Brutus i\\o\x\d of a fudden be fo changed, and 
 become fo ftont of ftomack and couragious, took the fame form of oath that he fware afore: and 
 fo leaving their wailing and lamentation, and wholly fet upon anger andrevenge, they followed 
 Brutus as their Captain and Leader to put down and overthrow thegovernment of Kings,and ut- M 
 terly to root out their race. The dead corps oiLucY-etia-,vi3.i had out ofdoors, brought into the 
 market place and there fliewed.And thither, what with wondring (as the manner is)at fo ftrange 
 afight,and what with the indignation of fo unworthy a fact, they raifed much people together. 
 Every man for his part was ready enough to complain ofthewickedncfs and violence done by the 
 King« bloud.The forrow of Lucretius the father on the onefidejthe refolution oi Brutus on the o- 
 ther fide, who rebuked and blamed all vain weeping and foolifh moaning, moved and perfwaded 
 all that were prefent,that like men of valour,like true hearted Romans, they would take arms a- 
 gainlf them that demeaned themfelves no better,nay,worfe than ordinary enemies,And prefently, 
 the braveff and talleft young men fliewed themfelves forward .ready in armourjand voluntary .The 
 reft of the youths followed ftreight after.And having left at Collatia the one half of their forces in N 
 garriron,toward the gates, and fet certain v^atches , that no man brought tidings or news unto the 
 King and his fons-of this rifing and commotion, all the other were appointed in warlike manner, 
 followed I heir leader 7?>«f«;,from thence diredtly to Rome.htt\\t fudden coming thither of this ar- 
 med multitude: no marvell if allthe way whereas they pafled and marched, there arc fe a fear 
 and trouble among the people.But when they perceived the moft fubftantiall and principal] Citi- 
 zens in the forefront, they judged whatfoever the matter meant,it was not for naught. And verily 
 this hainous fad difquieted the minds of men no lefs at ^»w<r,than it had before at Collatia.1\\tz- 
 fore from all p^rts of the City there was flocking and running into the marketplace. And being 
 thither comei the Bedell or common Crier, fummoned the people toappeare before the Tri- 
 bune of the Celeres or Captain of the guard : whii h office haply Brutus bare at that time. Where O 
 P*^^'"^'*l he made an Oration not proceeding from that fpirit, nor refembling that quality of nature which 
 b';!iw !^i- ""^"^ ^^^^ *^^y ^^ ^'^^ pretended and made fliew of unto the world, for he inveighed againft 
 tingchVpco. the violence and filthy luft o[ Sextus Tart^uinius; the fliamefull vilianyandnotio benamed, 
 pkagiinfttlie done upon the body of L«'-?-fr<(« : " hedifcourfed of herhmentable end and pitious death, and 
 King indhis u the defolate Cafe of Trrc'p'tinuf, bereft now of ail hi'.- rhildren: who accounted the occafionof 
 "hisdaughtersdeathagrearerindignity, andmorepiiifull, thanherverydeath. Moreoverhe 
 
 "laid
 
 The fecond BooJ\^ of T. Li vius. o « 
 
 A "laid abroad the pride of the King himfelt) themiferies the infinite coiie and pains of the Com- ~ 
 
 ''• mons, buried as it were under the ground, vvith deanhng and calling of ditches,voiding and far- 
 " ming of the finks. Saying,that the men ot Rame which were r he conquerers of all nations about 
 
 ^ " them ;were now of warriors become quarriers,hevvers of ftoneandday-kborers.He reckoned 
 "upalfo and put them in mind of the unworthy death and cruell murder ot ServinsTulUus: and 
 *' how his daughter ('oh abominable art !) rode over the corps of her father in her curfed chariot : 
 •■' And herewith he calleth on the gods that are revengers of outrages and wrongs done to parents. 
 Thus rehearhng thefe and other matters,much more grievous and horrible, (I verily beleeve)ac- 
 cording as the prefent indignity at the very time doth minifler and give ut terance for, not fo eafily 
 B penned and fet down by writers that come after, he fo mightily inflamed the multitude, that he 
 caufed them to depofe the King, to deprive him of his royall Hate and dignity, yea-and to decree 
 and ena/t, that L. TanjuiniHS with his wife and children ihouid be banillied for ever, Himfelt ha- 
 ving feleited and armed the younger gallants who offered their fervice, and willingly entred their 
 names,fet forward in perfon to the Camp lying before ^/is/i^ijiortoexcitethe Army there againlt 
 the King: leaving the government of the City unto Z.«r/-ff//«, who had before been appointed 
 Deputy arid Lieutenant there, by the King.In this timeofgaiboile,7«///<:« left the palace and fled, 
 and all the way as fhe went, both men and women curfed and cried out upon her and befought the 
 ghoflly fpirits and furies ot parents to be avenged. When news hereof was brought into the Camp, 
 and that the King upon thefe iirange tidings made hafle towards Rome^ to (lay and fupprefs thefe 
 
 C broyls : Brutus having intelligence of his coming, turned another way becaufe he wouid not meet 
 with him. And fo at one inflant in a manner by contrary journies came Brnxtts to Arcisn^znA Tar- 
 ^uiniusio Rome. But the gates were fliut againfl: T^r^ww;;/, and inliead of entrance, warned he ''^nsbv\ibsi^ 
 was,and commanded into exile. The whole Camp received with joy 5r«f«; the redeemer of their 
 City. From thence were alfo the Kings fons driven : two of them followed after theirfather and 
 departed into baniftiment unto Care-, a town of the Tufcans : as tor Sextas TarqmntHs^ he retired 
 himfelfto Ga'ies as it were into his own Kingdom: where he was murdered in revenge of old 
 quarrels, upon malice and hatred of thepeople which he had brought upon himfelf in times paft. 
 L.Tarqmnins S«perfftsvziontd 25 years.Thus continued the Kings Regiment at Rome-, from the 
 foundation of the City, unto thefreedom and redemption thereof 244 years. Then in a folemn 
 
 P affembly and eleftion by the Cenrnries, held by the Provolt of the City, according to the ordi- ^ 
 
 nance of Servim Tulltus in his Commentaries, two Confuls were created : L. Junms Bmtns^ and created. 
 L.TarqaintHS ColUtinus. 
 
 The Second Book 
 
 Of the Hiftories of T.Livius (?/ Padua, /ro?^ the foundation 
 E of the City o/Romc. 
 
 The Breviary of L. Flortu upon the Second Book. 
 
 BRutUS took^itn oeithof the peofle^that they fhould not fnffer any toraign King at Rome.//? comfd- 
 led his fellow Co>jffil/T:irc[\i\nias Colhiinns-, a julpeiled ma-a to tal{e part with the Tarqums, by 
 rc.ifoH of the a^fnitj he had with them-, to give over the Coyijft/jhip-, and to depart the Ctif* The goods of 
 the King nnd his fons he commanded to be feiz^ed Hpon-,ay!driflcd, A f,i:ld of theirs he confecrated to 
 yiztSiivhich was named afterwards Campus Martius,or Mars field. He beheaded certain young GV«- 
 p tlemen of the Nobility-tofrether with his own and his brothers fans^for confpiring to receive the King aid 
 his Complices again into the City. Untothe ^oW/Z^iZ'f Vindicius, th.n beivrayedthe complot-, he gave his 
 freedom;of whom Vindifta tookjhe name. Having leda-t Army againfi the King who had ajfembled 
 a power of Veientians and Tarquinians ,rfW made war-, he died in battell together with Aruns, the fan 
 of Superbus : and for his death the dames of Rome mourned nnewhols year. P, Valerius /^e Conftil 
 propounded and made a Law concerning Appealing unto the people. The Capi: all was dedicated, Porfe- 
 na King of the Clufins, warring in the qua'rell of the Tarquins, andd-ing com: tothefimcxAnm, 
 was by the valour o^Cocles \\orix\i\?.-cmpiachedthat he pafjednot the Tyber: who aloKe-,whiles others 
 hewed down the Sttblician bridge^withflood the Tufcans : and when it iv.is broken down-, leapt armed. ts 
 he was into the rtver-, and [warn over to his fellows. Another example ofmanhoodis report edof Mutius, 
 G ""^c beinq^ entered the Camp of the enemies with full intent to kj^l Poriena, and having (lain his prtn- 
 C'pall Secretary-yvhom he took for the King-, was apprehended ■ and thntfiin^ his hand into the fire of the 
 Altars-, whereupon they had bunded fieri fice-, fujfered it there to fry untiU it was confumed '- and f aid 
 withfill, that there were behind him three hundred more be fides-, that hadfworn the dea:h of the King 
 himfelf. vyho Vondrinfr at their rrfjlutien-, was driven to offer conditions of pea ce , aJ7d upon taking of ho- 
 fia^es to give over war: amon^fl whom-, one virgin ClodiS.-, beguiledher keepers, made an efcape, and 
 fwam oz;frTyber to her friends '■ and bema rendred againywas by PodQUifent honorably homeland had 
 
 her
 
 0-5 J befecond Boo\of T.Livius, 
 
 herftaine or image on korfebackjfet up for a memonall. Ap. Claudius al;(t»do,ied the S.ibtns-, and fled H 
 to Rome, of whom the Trite Claufu tookjhe name-, and was added to the rejl. The number of trtbes 
 WM encreafdto he one ar:d twenty, jigamfl Tarquinius Superbus, who with a pxver ofL-Awsfiwaged 
 war-,A.^o[ihimiUSthe D,[laior-,obtat»cda profpirous batteil ^t the lakeRe<^i[ius. TheC oif.monsrifiug-, 
 for being enthralled umo their Creditors-, rettredt hcmf elves tuto the mount Sacer, and were ky the policy 
 and cou/if I o/Menenius A ^x\Y?'^->rcclaimcdfrcm their fvdttion-a-id appeafed.The fame Agrippa being 
 deceafawoi by nafon oj his po-verty J'uried at the Cities charge.Thcre were ererttedfive i nbunes of the 
 Com/r.or,s. Corioli, a mi'«of f/;e Volftians,w.?< taken by the va'.our andindujirious means of Cn.Mar- 
 lius,)p/ro thereupon was fHrnamcdConohnus. T. Latinus, a mean Cor/tn.oner-, was warned m a dream 
 to m-'ke relaion to the tte^iate of certain religious ceremonies : and for negletling the fame-, lojl hisfon-) j 
 and fell htmfilfto be I. me of hts limbs., and being brought in the Sena'.e tn a chutr-, afier he had decla- 
 red the fame, returmdfoundon his feet home again-, Cn.Marcius Coriolanus, after hewasbanifned-, 
 became G-nerall oftht Voll'cians, and with an Army of enemies approached the City "f Rome : unto 
 ■rvhom, fi (i Emlaff dors were of furpofefent^ andafcerwardsthe trtefis andwhole Clergy perfwaded 
 with htm n.t to make w^-^r a^ainfl his native Conntt ey, but fill m vain. Howbeit Veturia his mother-, 
 ^»dVolumnia hiswife entreatedhim andoltained, thu he fheuld depjirt back^agatn. The Law Agra- 
 ria, concerning divifo/? of lands among the poor Commons-, was nowfrfl put up and propofed. Sp.Call.U; 
 an Aldrrman-ioifter he had been Corf ui, was condemned for ajpiringto be King-,andjujfercd death the re- 
 fore. Oppia aVcfl llNunwas for incefi buried ^uick^. Agairfi the Veknlinns near enemies and ill 
 neifhbors^yet indeed troubl:fo>/Jerather than noifon-ie ay:d dangerous,the houfc alone of the fahii^yre^ui- K 
 redio be employed m frvice : andfet out th -ee hundred ><nd fix armed men ro tl e field-, who every one 
 were by the enemies flan near the river Cremera; and lift but one only at home Jive of that -.lame. un- 
 der fourtecnye-irsof flge. Ap.ClaudtUS the Cof.ful hazing fought unfortunately agatnfi the Volfcians, 
 andthat-, byme.'.nsofthefiHLbor:^-/!efsandunrHli>efjofhtsArmy, cudgelled every tenth man of 'his 
 fouldters .Over a^d bejtdes{this bouk^)contnincth the exploits againfi the Volfcian3,;£quianS) and Vei- 
 etMizns-,and the fedittous d'f cords between the Nobility andQommons. 
 
 The Second Boo^^q/" T.Livius. 
 
 NOvv will I delVribe from henceforth, the a6b both in war and peace of the people of L 
 Roi-ne,z treetiate now from this time forward: their yearly Magiftrates and Governours: 
 the authority and rule ot Laws, more powerfuU and mighty than chat of men. Which 
 freedom ot theirs^ the laft Kings pride made more acceptable and welcome. As for theo- 
 ther Kings before him, they raigned ic as th.u they might be counted all of them, and that wor- 
 thily ,buiiders of sundry parts or the City one after another^according as they every onebyhimfelf 
 added (Ull one new pia e or other , for the multitude by them encreafed to inhabit. Neither is it to 
 be doubted bucthaceven the very f.-me Brmus-,\\ho deferved fo great honor and glory for expel- 
 ling the proud King Trqum, fhould have done the fame to the exceeding danger of the weal 
 pub'ike, iffordefre of unripe and untimely freedom, he had wreRed the royallcignity and go- 
 vernment from any of the tormer Princes. For what would have come of it, if that communally M. 
 conhlUng of hcrdmcn and fugitive rtr:ngers^ reforting out of their own countries there to dwell, 
 having under protcdHon of a fmiluary and priviledged place gotten liberty, or at leaHwife im- 
 punity ; being now freed and pall fear of a royall Majefly, had begun to be troubled and difqui- 
 eted,\viththe ruifling (forms and feditiou; tempefis of the Tribuns?and in a new and UrangeCity 
 fown debate, and entertained ^ ariance with the Nobility, before that the furelt pledges of wives 
 and children, the dearelf affc6lion of the very place and foil, which requireth longtime of liking 
 and loving, had united and knit their hearts together ? Certainly, the (late not yet come to full 
 growth and maturity, had by dil'cord faded and come to nought, which a peaceable and gracious 
 government cherifhtd and fodered, and by cherifhingandnourifliing brought to that pals, that 
 nowbeingcometoripcnef;; and perteflion of (Irength, it might be able to bring forth and bear N 
 thegood and wholl'om fruits of liberty. 
 
 Thebcginningof this freedom you muft account in regard hereof. That the Confnlary regi- 
 ment was annual and from ye.ir to year,rather than that the royall power and jurifdi6lion that the 
 Kings had, was any whiubatcd and diminifl-ied. For the fird Confuls had the fame ablolute au- 
 thority ,held all the former royalties and retained ftill the rcgall^enligns and ornaments of fupreme 
 dignity. This only provided thattheyfliould not both havethc rods born before them, foravoi- 
 ding a twofold fear and dread of theirMajelly. Brutus with thegood liking and confent of his 
 companion in office, had the preheminence and prerogative of that honour to be done unto him 
 alone : whohad locbcen aforetime a greacerinllniment, and more forward toprocureand reco- 
 ver the liberty th,^n he was afterward a lure maintainer and protcdlor of the fame. And firll above o 
 all othcrthing=;, whilcd the people vv^re yet greedy of this new freedom, forfearlell they might . 
 any time after be won b/ entreaty or moved by gilts on die Kings part, hecauiedthcm to fwear 
 that they would never fuffer any to be King at Rome. After this, becaufe the Senate might be of 
 more power and greater reputation by t he frequent tomp.iny of that degree and order : he e n:rea- 
 fed their number (which had been impaired much by maflacres, committed by the faid King) 
 to the full complement of three hundred: by chufing the chief and principall of the degree of 
 
 Knights
 
 Thefecond BooJ^ of T. Livius. oy 
 
 A Knights or horfemen. And hereof came,as they lay, this cuilome, to admit into the Senate both 
 them that were before time oif the ancient Nobility, and aifo thcfe that were revvly thofen for 
 thefupply: naming thefe that were lati enrolled, the new Senate. And a wonder it was to fee, 
 how much good this did to the concord of the City; and to the knitting of the he arts of Nobles 
 and Commons together. 
 
 Thisdone-they went in hand with Religion and Church-matters .-and for that there were cer- 
 tain publike facrihces that had been ufually executed by the Kings themfeUes in their own per- 
 fons : lell therefore they fhould not find the mi;'s of Kings in any relpefl, nor long afrcnhem a- 
 gain.theycreareoFpurpofeaKing-Prieftorfacrihcer: which facerdotali dignity they ordained to 
 B be underthe Arch-Prelate, le(f that this new addition and title of honour, might prejudice their 
 freedom any jot,whereunto they had then a fpeciall regard abo\e all other things-. And I wot not 
 well, but I think verily they went beyond all meafure, and were ovcr-precifc in the maintenance 
 and Hrengthening thereof every way, even in the fmalle(i trifles, and toics of no moment. For 
 when as nothing elfe was ofFenhve unto them, the name forfooth of one of theirConfiils became 
 fufpeded and odious unto the City,wiihout any other fcandall whatfoever. And thus they mut- 
 tered and faid," 1 hat ih^T^irginrui had raigned over-long.,and too much already:that 'Vz/c^f firrt 
 '' began,and when after him fucc ceded King Sovius Tf.llnis^Suf:rb::s tdrquinitts not having in that 
 ** time and fpace between, forgot the Kingdom, as feeing another invelied therein ; by wi.ked 
 " practice and violence claimed and recovered the fame again, as the inheritance properly to his 
 C " houfe belonging. And now that Suferbtis is driven out and gone, the rule and government is de- 
 *< volved unto Co//<?r;»«j-, and there relkth. IhcicTarquinsht^iVo. ( fay they; cannot skill how to 
 *' live as private^men : giving out among, that the very name was dangerous to a tree State, and in 
 "one word,they could not endure it. Thefe and fuch like fpeeches at firll were whifpered abroad 
 throughout all the City , by them that under-hand founded by little and little the hearts and difpo- 
 litions of men: and when thefe furmifes&c fufpitions were once buzzed into the Commons hends, 
 and they thereby difquieted,5wf«^ called them to a generall aflembly. Where firit and formoR he 
 recireth the oath or thepeople,Thatthey fhould fuffer none to be a King nor ought elfe in Ror,ie^ 
 from whence might arile any danger to their liberty. " This oath is the thing ( quoth he ) that srutm the 
 "with all diligence, & by all means pofllble is to be m.aintain'd.Si nothing thereto appertaining Conlulpcr- 
 p "is to be defpifed and lightly regarded. As for me, lam unwilling to fpeak^inrefpeft of the per- 'Wadeth Tar- 
 " fon, neither would I Ipeak at all, but that the love and affecf ion to the Common-weal doth o- "y*''""* f° g've 
 "• verrule me. The people of Rome is not throughly perfwaded.that they have recovered their en- °l"^\p^^' 
 ''tire and perfed liberty. For as yet the Kings bloud,yea.and the Kings name not only remaineth depart. 
 " ftill,but alfo beareth foveraign rule in the City : This is it that hurteth,this is it(I fay) that hin- 
 " dered their true freedom.Now (quoth he.)L.T'VcjuimHs willingly of your own accord rid them 
 " oftheirfear. We remember well, we confefs and acknowledge, you it was that expelled the 
 " Kings. Finifh therefore and perfeil: this great benefit of yours: take away from hence the Kings 
 "name alfo. As for your goods and fubftance, your Citizens and Countrimen,if they will be ad- 
 " vifed by me, (hall not only yeeld unto you again but if ought be Ihort and wanting, ihall by my 
 £'''Confentfupply thefameto the full right liberally.Depart I fay and friendly take your leave: de'i- 
 " ver the City and disburden them of this their fear, that peradventure is but vain and needlefs : 
 " Howbeit^this their minds give them,thac together with the flock and houfe of the Tarq::ins.;i\iQ 
 'Kings rule and government will likevvife void and departforever. The Coniul atthis lo iirange 
 andfudden a motion firil wondred much, and was not able to open his mouth. But afterwards as 
 he addrelTed himfelfand began to make afpeech, the heads oi the City came about him, and 
 with many prayers befought the fame at his hands. As fcr all the reft,they prevailed full little with 
 him. But after that Sf, Lticretms-,! more grave and elder man than himfelfjof greater worth a'ore- 
 iime,and his father inLawbefidestook him in hand and dealt wiih him fundry waies, one while 
 by way of intreaty, othcrwhiles by periwahons and reafons, that he would condefcend unto that 
 F which the City in one general confent required : then the Conful fearing leli hereafter being oncq 
 out of his place and a private man again he fnould chan.e to be forced thereunto, with thelofs of 
 his goods and fcne difgrace perhaps belides ; refigned up iheoffice of the Confulfliip, and remo- 
 ving all that he had away to L<2w»/«w,quit the City and departed. Then Br!'.tus\>)' an ail andde-; 
 creeof the Senate. propofed unto thepeople, That all the race and linage of the T.ire]iti,js QiiouXii 
 be exiled. And in a generall Seflion of the Centuries, hecreatedfor to be his Colleague in govern- 
 ment, /'.^<j/ir/«j,by whofc alfiliance he had driven out the Kings. 
 
 No man doubted now that the T'dr^/f.-wr were about to take arms : yet that vvarhapned notfo 
 foon as men looked fcr : but fee ( a thing that no man feared ) they had like by fraud and treafon 
 at home to have loff and forgone their freedom again. There was of the flower of AW;^> certain Aconrpirjcy 
 G youths- & thofeofno low deureenorbafeparentagedefcendedjwhoin the Kings da'ies had lived tlcmen'ottbe'' 
 like young Prinres more loofely and at pleafure, as companions and plaifellows with the young Nobility. 
 Tm-cju:>is^ the Kings I'ons: who feeking to enjoy the fime licentious life dill, in thiseqnahty of , 
 eftate wherein all others then lived, made moanand complained one to another, That tlie liberty 
 of others turned to their fcrvitude. '' The King.fav they is a man, at whole hands one might ob- 
 •■" tain fomewhit,as need re quired, were the caufe right or were it wrong: where a man might find 
 '■ tavour and frienlhip; as who could both be difpleafed and angry, and alfo forgive and remit a 
 
 E " fault,
 
 3 
 
 8 
 
 7 befecond Boo\of T.Livius, 
 
 " fault, and knew wellhow to make difference between a friend and a foe. As for laws, they are H 
 " things deaf and inexorable : more wholfome and commodious to the poor than to the rich and 
 " mighty .affording no releafe nor pardon,if one chance to trefpafs and tranfgrefs .• And a ticklifh 
 "point it is and perilous for a man among fo many errours whereto our frailty is fubjed, to bear 
 " himlelfonly upon his innocent lite.Beingthus of their own accord already dilcontent, fuddenly 
 unlocked torvtherecame Embafladors from the Kings, who without any mention at all ot return, 
 demanded only their goods again. Upon their meflage being delivered and heard in theSenate- 
 houfe, this debate and quefiion held them forcertain dales in councill, fearing led that the goods 
 not reftored might minilkr occafion of quarrell, and being rendred, yield maintenance and nou- 
 rifhment of war. In the mean time the Embsffadours dealt and treated with divers perfons di- 1 
 verfly •■ in open fliew .claiming only their goods, but fecretly and under-hand, contriving how to 
 compafs the Kingdom for their Mafters. And under colour of procuring friends for the accom- 
 plifhment of that which they pretended, and was in queftion, they founded oftentimes the minds 
 of certain noble young Gentlemen, how they flood atfeftedto their defignments. Whofe words 
 andreafons were of them gently entertained: and thereupon they delivered unto them letters 
 from the T^r^ww^sand withall conferred together,and praii^ifed the receiving of the Kings privi- 
 ly by night into the City. The execution of this plot was principally committed to certain of the 
 Vitelii and jdeinilii^thu Were brethren. Afifterof the VitelUi was married unto iheConful Brn- 
 f/«, by whom he had two fons that were young men, Titm aad TH^eritu-, whom their uncles by 
 themothers fidemade partakers with them likewifeof their counfell. Belides, there were divers K 
 young Gentlemen fwhofe names long time hath worn out quite) made acquainted there with. In 
 this mean feafon, their opinion in theSenate-houfe prevailed ;who thought it beft that the goods 
 fhould be rellored : and the Embaffadours upon that occafion made flay in the City, for that they 
 had gotten time of the Confuls to provide carriage for to have away the Kings fluff, and other 
 movable goods. All that time fpent they in confulting with the Conipirators, and lb importu- 
 nately laboured them jUntill they had procured.their letters alfo unto the Ta-quinn : for otherwife 
 ( fay they ) how will they beleeve but that their Embaffadours make wrong report of matters fo 
 important. The giving of thofeletters in pledge of their truth and plain meaning, proved to be- 
 wray and reveal their purpofed enterprife.For the day before the Embaffadours were to take their 
 leave, and return to the 'Tarcjui^s, they fortuned to fup with the Fitela : and whileil: theconfpira- L 
 tors there, werein fad and clofe talk together, conferring at large about this new devifed pra6life, 
 and no man by but only themfelves (as the manner is ■) a certain bondflave chanced to overhear 
 them, one that before had an inckling whereabout they went, but waited the opportunity when 
 the letters fhould be given to the Embaffadours, which being found upon them, mightdireftly 
 prove the treafon. This flave after he underflood the letters were delivered, gave intelligence of 
 all unto the Confuls .'who immediatly departed from their houfes to take the Embaffadours, and 
 theConfpirators in them.inner, and withoutanyftir or tumult light upon them unawares, and 
 dafliedall. But of the letters they had a fpeciall care, that they fhould be forth-coming and not 
 cy detefted. mifcarry. And committing the traitors forthwith to prifon, they made fome paufe and doubt a- 
 
 bout the Embaffadors, what to do with them. For albeit they leemed to have deferved no lefs M 
 but to be ufed as enemies and to have no favour at all, yet had they regard to thelaw of Nations, 
 Now concerning the Kings goods, which they thought meet before to be reffored, the matter 
 came about who'ly in queflion rgain before the Senators: who being overcome with ire and in- 
 dignation, denied flatly the rendring of them, yea, and forbad they fliould be confifcate and con- 
 verted to the common treafury : but they were given away among the Commons tomakefpoil 
 and havock thereof: to the end, that they having one touched or feifed on the Kings goods as a 
 booty might for ever a fter be p.ifl all hope of any peace or favour with them .The field of the Tar- 
 9»/»j]ying between the City and T>^fr,wasconrecrated unto Mars^and after calkdCamp^s Mar- 
 til i.e. Mars field. It hapned (as men fay) that there was at that time flandingcorn there, now 
 ripe and ready for the harveft: whichcrop of ground^ becaufe they made fome fcruple of confci-N 
 ence otherwife to conlume, therefore it was cut down, corn, flraw,fhibbleandall, andagreac 
 number of people fent thitherat oncetocarry it away in baskets and skeps, and pour it down 
 theTy^fj-, running then but fliallow, as itufeth todoin themidftand heatof Summer. And fo 
 the heaps of corn, together with the mud fluck Rill and refled in the ebbe places andfoordsot the 
 river: and by little and little encreafed with one thing or other that C3medo\vntheftream,untilI 
 it became an Ifland. Afterwards,I fuppofe.there were dams and piles m.^de rhereunto,3nd by mans 
 hand it grew fo high, and fo firm apiece of ground, that it was able to bear even Temples and 
 ftately Galleries that flood thereupon. 
 
 When the Kings goods were thus rpoiled,rifled,and made away, the traitors were condemned 
 and put to death. Which fuflienng of theirs was the more notable-,for that the father by hi - place q 
 Sc vertueof his office was bound and charged to fee execution done upon his own own children : 
 and he who otherwife ought not to have been a fpe6fator and looker on. evenhe( fuch was his • 
 fortune^ was forced of necelTity to be the principall a6>or in this tragical! exe-ution. Then flood 
 ihefe moft noble youths bound faft to a flake. But amon^all. the Conful his children, turned up* 
 on them the eyes of every m.m, from all the reft-, as unknown perfons and of no repuration ; 
 all men pitied themj not fo much forbeing punifhed, as for deferving by their fadV to be 
 
 ^ puniflied: 
 
 Tlieconrplr*- 
 
 CumpM Mtrti 
 
 U4.
 
 The fecond Bool^ of T. Li v iu s. on 
 
 A punillied : That they could find in their he,irts and once let enter into their thougk, to betray 
 into the hands of Tarijut»(us-, fometimes a proud Prince, and then a crueil enemy, "and banillied 
 rebell, their native countrey, lately and in that very year fet free Irom captivity : their naturali fa- 
 ther who let it tree : the ConfiilflTip fprung firit out ot' the family ot theJuKa: theNobks, the 
 Commons, and in one word, all things whatibever in Ro^e lelonging either to God orman. 
 Then came the Confuls forth, took theirplaces andlct them down on the tribunal! (eat, TheLi- ''"''« f'^'^ors 
 dors were fent to do their office, who hrll Uripped them naked and fcourged them with rods, *^''"""^''» 
 and then with an axe choptofftheir heads. All which time, the father himfelf, his countenance B^a/wpurrcth 
 andvifagc was a wondenull Ipedacle to behold, conhderinghow a fathers affedion could hold tudcatn his 
 Bout and abide the performance of this pubiike and exemplary punilliment. When the offenders o'^nctuldrcn, 
 hadonvefuftered to the end there might be fhewed noble examples on both fides, for to debar 
 vvickednels,and Uopthecourfeof f.n: the informer and reveajerof treafon, had foe his reward 
 a peece of money out of the common treafury>obtained his freedom, and was enfranchiied a Ci- 
 tizen of Ronie.Jh'is was the firlt man, as they fay that was made freeby therod /^/?^c7vi: for that 
 the party his name was l''i>idnius,'itom whence, as fome think, the word FiyidiS^a was derived ; 
 after whom, this was obferved, That whofoever in that lort got their freedom, werefuppofed ■ 
 .withallendenized. 
 
 ~^When tidings hereof came to 'tarquinius, with the manner of proceeding In every cir.um- 
 ftance, he not only grieved that fo great hope of his was frullrate and come to nothing, but 
 Calfo was fet on fire with hatred and indignation: and feeing the way fliut up and [topped auainit 
 all deceittuU courles, he thought there was no dealing now but by meer force and open war. 
 Whereupon he went up and down, foilicited and made humble fuii unto the Cities of frj-vrw, 
 and.belbughc the Veientians efpecialiy, and the * TarqumiMs^ that they wouid not fuffer him, *i«'.Thenien 
 being come of their own bloud, a bjniflied man, forlorn, poor, and needy, difpoflefled fo lately yh'^r' '^"'T'v 
 of fo goodly a Realm and Kingdom, together with his children ( forward young men ) to perifa ■xarquin\u\ sV- 
 even before their eyes.'-'Aliedging that others had been fentfor andfct out of forrain parts i:nco /)c>fci,itotlic ' 
 ''fowf for to be Kings: and he their Liege King,and fuch an one as advanced if ill the Roman Em- Tufcans. 
 '" pireby martiallprowefs, was by the wicked confpiracy of hisnearelf kinsfolk and friends de- 
 '■ pofed from his imperiail dignity and expelled : and they now, becaufc there was no one man 
 D" thought fufficient and worthy toraign, had parted between them the Kingdom, and fiven 
 " among the people his goods as a fpoil ; that there might not be any one who had not his finder, 
 "and whole hand in fo foule a fadl. Saying moreover, that his mind and intention vvas^to leek 
 '' means to return into his own countrey, to recover hisCrown, yea, and toperfecute, and to 
 " be revenged of thofe unthankfuUfubjeds : and therefore prayed them, to fet to their helping- 
 " hand, and yield himaffuhnce : andnot to fit down with fo many old wrongs of their own pare 
 " received, namely ,their legions fo often hewen in pieces.iheir lands and livings taken from them:' 
 " but to go with him for revenge. Thefe fuggefiions moved theVeientians, and every man for 
 himfelf muttered and gave out in threatning wife, that now at length, having a Roaian Cap- 
 tain efpecialiy to be their Leader, they were todoaway thefouldiHiononrs I'uHaioed, and win 
 E again what by former war they had lolK As for the Tarq-utuais-, they were foon incited in 
 rcardof n.imeand confanguinity, and thought it was a godly matter and an honour unto 
 them, to have of their ownnameand houfe to be Kings of ^o^^f. Thus two armies of two Cities 
 banded with TarcjMin^ for to reliore him to his Kingdom again, andtomakefharp war upon 
 the Romans ; who being entred the Territory ofi?o//;f,were met with by the Rtjman Confuls, 
 The footmen matched under the condudf of V'.deri-is, marflialled in a batcal.ionfour iquare. 
 BrutHS with the horfe went before to efpy anddlfcoverthecoafls: In like fort the men of arms 
 of theenemies rode formoft under thelcading of Ar:insTaycj;tiniti!t\\tY>^n-\2^% fon, andtheKing 
 himfelf in perfon followed with the Legions, ylrrtyis e(py'm§ by theLidtors, .^jjeConful afar oft, 
 and as he approached nearer, knowing /?r«f«j more certainly by his lace, all mflamed with ire: 
 F " This is the Gallant (quoth he) this is he, that hath driven and baniOied us out of ournative 
 " Counrrey. Lo, how bravely he fetteth forward, all gorgeoufly to be feen and dight in our roy- 
 " all cnfigns and ornaments. Now help ye gods that are revengers of wrong'; done to Kings: 
 and therewithal! fet fpurs to his horfe,and ran amain with full carreer upon the Conful his own 
 perfon intending certainly to fpeed him. Brutus perceived likev\ife that he made diredlly toward 
 him: (Now was it a noble and worthy fight for the Captains themfelves to begin the battel].) 
 Whereupon with refolutecdur.igeheencountreth liim.Andfo fiercely they charged one another, 
 and fo deadly were they bent,that neither of them had regard to fave himfelf, fo he might wound 
 and milchiefhis enemy, but were both with a councerpufh that quite pier. ed their targets 
 runintotfie fides, and thru ft through, and fo having one anothers lance iHv king in their bodies, 
 G fell from their hones ready todye. Herewith begin on both fides the other horfemen to fight, 
 and within a while the footmen alio feconded them. Andfo equally were they matched ;and the 
 bartellfo indifferently fought, that it was very doubttull whether fide had the better. For on both 
 parts the ric^ht wings got the upper hand, and down went the left. The Veientians unto whont ThcVe^sntiins 
 it was nonews to be overcome of Romans, were dif omfiredandputtofiight. But their new e- dctciccd by 
 remiesthe larc^mninm^ not only held their own and rtood to it, but alfo from theirbattell put theRjiuans, 
 back,and forced the RomatTs to give ground, and g.ave them the repulfe. After this conflift there 
 
 E 2 lell
 
 40 V befecond BooJ\o fT.Livms, 
 
 fell fiicli a tear and lerrour upon 7'^r5f»/«mJ,and the Tufcans,that both Armies as well ohherei- H 
 entiMSisihcTarc^wnuHs, giveover their enterprife with doing juR nothing, and by night dil- 
 lodfed and departed every man to his own home.Thisbattell was more notable by realbnot cer- 
 taiiTmiracles that men report : namely, that in the dead time of the night next following, when all 
 were at rell, there was heard a mighty voice of Sjhayim ("as men thought) out of the wood Ar- 
 ptt to utter tl efe words,[T/-<2f there rros /laitie ontheTf^fcauS p4rt more by one-, andthtt the Romans 
 won thefi(lJ.\ Thus •. erily and no otherwifedeparied they afunder .-the Romans as winners^and 
 the Tulcans as having the worfe. For the next morrow, fo foon as it was day, and that none of 
 the enemies appeared in fight, P. Valerius the Conful gathered up the fpoil together, and returned 
 from thence with triumph to Rometznd performed the funerals of his brother Conful,in allfump- 1 
 tuous manner and folemn pomp.as poflibly at that time he could devile. Butjthat which did him 
 the crreatell honour after his death, was the publike forrow and heavinefs of the City ,in this re- 
 fped aboveall hngularancl memorabkjfcr thatthedames and Matrons oiRome mourned a whole 
 year for him, as for their own father,in that he had been fo fharp a revenger of violence done to 
 ihe challity of women. 
 
 Aftcrthis, theConfulthatfurvived, prefentlyupon the great liking and favour that he w« in 
 (fee how wavering and unconfianttheminds are of the common people } was not only envied, 
 but alio ful'pe6ted,yea,and charged with an odious and horrible crime.The voice went and bfuit«4 
 it wasabroad thatheafpiredtoiheCrown. And why Pbecaufe, forfooch,hehad not chofcn unto 
 him a new fellow Conful in theroom of £?-//f«<: and began tobuild aloft on the top of f'V/;*, K 
 where (faythey ) in an high placeand firongly fcicuate he nuy make a Caftle impregnable. Thefe 
 things commonly fpoken and credited coo, vexed much, and mightily grieved the Conful in his 
 very foule, as a great ir.dignicy offered unto him. Whereupon he affembled thepeople together» 
 &caunn<T therods tobehelddownwards to the ground, wentupinto the pulpit to make an Ora- 
 tion unt^o them. That ("ght pleafed the people pafTmg wellj taking it for a plain demonllration, 
 that themjrks and enfigns of rule and government fubmitted unto them, wasavery acknow- 
 V-.yakrlm th« led^in" and confefTion that the people was of greater ma jefty and power than the Conful. Where 
 Conful, uoto aftl'rfi'ienceniade, and commandment to hearken and give ear, "the Conful began highly to ex- 
 the people. (.-^qW the fortune and good hap of his Colleaguedeceafed, who having with great honour fee his 
 
 *'• Country free, ended his daies, fighting manfully in defence of the Weal-publike, even in the L 
 
 " prime, height, and beft time of his glory, ere that he became fubje£l unco envy .- but he himfelf 
 
 " cutlivirTit, remained alive, expofed unto criminous flanders and fpightfuU malice of men,and 
 
 "ofa deliverer and redeemer of his Countrey was now reputed nobetter thanthe v^g'a.Z/iand 
 
 " V'ttelUt.hnd willy ou never indeed fquoth hej approve the vertuous and honefl converfation of 
 
 "a man'fo well,butit fhallbetkincedwithunjuft fufpition ? What ? would anymanthink,thac I 
 
 .'•beint' fo fierce and fell an enemy of the Kings,(hould ever fear to incur the jealoufie of menj'or 
 
 «'• feekin" to be King ? What if I dwelt on the top of Tarpeie cliff, even in the very Capitoll, 
 
 ''fliGu'dl beleeve and think it poflible, that my countrymen, neighbours, and Citizens, would 
 
 " ftand in fear of me? and will fofmall a matter as this turn the balhnce of your opinion and 
 
 " conceit ot me ? Is your a ffiance and confidence in me grounded fo flightly,and (f andeth it upon M 
 
 ' fo nice terms and t'cklifli points, that you force more and make greater reckoning of my dwel- 
 
 « lin", place than of the qujlity of my perfon. VJelUP.FuleriHs hishoufefhallbeno hindrance or 
 
 « impeachmenc unto your liberty,0 QHirites-, ye fhallnot need to fear any harm from J^tlia for me. 
 
 " 1 will remove my houfenot only down into theplain,but even to the valley under the hilltoor, 
 
 " that you may dwell aboveme,and overlook me ( afufpeSed Citizen.) Let them a gods name 
 
 ''build in Vilm^ vvho may be better trufted with the Cities freedom than P.Valerias. Then was 
 
 immediatly the timber and all carried down beneath F(?/w, and where is now VicusP/ibltciti is, 
 
 in the \ ery bottor'''.bf the hill, was his houfe reedified. 
 
 After this were laws ena.^ed,which not only acquit the Conful and cleared him of all fufpiti- 
 on of aflei\ing to the Kingdom, but alfo contrariwife wrought fuch effei\, that he became ex- N 
 yj'eriiu Pur- cceding popular a^ain whereupon, he was furnamed Putlicola or Poplicola. And firft and formoft 
 named PkWicc- the Statute pnfled as touching the appeal unto thepeople, againrt the Rulers and Magifirates. 
 Uod^opliioia. ji^.„f_^ concerning the curfing and concJemning of him both body and goods, that fhould intenci 
 orplot to nfurp Princely dominion over them. Thefe afts the Commons liked well of. Which 
 when he had alone ordained, that all the thanks and praife might be his therefore, then aflem- 
 blcd hea;:,enerill Seffion for the fubftituting of anotherConful unto him, intheroom of his 
 Colleaguedepartcd, So, Sp. Lucretius was created Conful: who being an aged man and of great 
 years feeble withall and not able to execute the office and function ot a Conful, within few daies 
 paid nature her debt and died. And in place of Lucretius was M.Horatius Pulv:tlus chofen.In fome 
 ancient writers I do not find that Lftcretiusw^s Conful, Forimmediatly after Brutus they nraVe q 
 mention oi Hor.tius. But I think verily becaufe no aft of his made his Conlulfhip memora- 
 ble thereupon he was forgoccen and left out. Now as yet was not the Temple of J fiter'm the 
 Capitoll dedicated And when Valerius and fJoratiw the Confuls,caft lots whether of them twain 
 fliould perform that duty, the charge fell unto Homtius-, and Puhlicoh went forth to theVei- 
 etitian war. But the kinsfolk and friends of ^-//fr»«* took it more grievoufly and impatiently 
 than reafon wasjthat the honor of the dedication of fo famous a temple ,was given unto jforatius. 
 
 Devifmg
 
 Thefecond Bool^ of T. Liv ius. 4 1 
 
 A Deviling therefore by all means pcflibie they could, to impeach it and feeing they had aflaied all 
 in vainand nothing cook effed : even at the very infianr, whiles the Confiii was holding a polt of 
 the Temple,and in his lolemn prayers to the gods., behold they brought unto him heavy and vvo- 
 fullnewSjtbat hisfon wasdead,and that he might notlawtuliy, whiles his lioulliold mourned and 
 was polluted with a dead corpsjconfecrate the Temple. Whether it were that hegavenocrtdit 
 to the melfengerjorrather was of heart foHout, neither is it for certain reported, nor ealie for a 
 man to divine. But for all chefe tidings, never a jot w as he turned from his purpofe,nor faid ought 
 elfetothe mefienger but willed that he fliould bidthecorps to be had torch to buriall, andfo 
 holdino the pillar or poiKiill faid out his prayer, and dedicated the Temple. Ttiefe were the atfts 
 Bdoneboth at home and abroad in the hrtt year after the e.xpulhon of the Kings. 
 
 Then were P.Fa/enw the lecond time^and 7'. L^cr^r/wj created Confuls. By this time were the. 
 Taraniy!s fled for fuccour to L.irtes Por[ey:a King of < Ittfium : "' where, by many reafons and re- 
 *• monftrances,intermini;led with prayer, one while they befoughc him not to fitter tliem def:en- 
 "ded from the Tukans,of the lame bloud and name,toli\e needy and foriorn in perpetual! exile;" 
 "" ocherwnile they advifed and warned him not to put up without reienge this new fafhion of 
 " expelling Kings, no w comming up. Saying,that liberty in it felf had fweeineii enough : and un- 
 " lefs Kings would defend arid maintain their Crowns with as great might and main, as Cities 
 "ilfelTred to enjoy t'reedom there would be ageneral coniuhon and all things turned upiidedown: 
 " neither would there be in States and Common, wealths any thing aloit and eminent above o- 
 C "ther endured: whereupon would iflvie afinallend of Kingly regiment, athingwich God and 
 " man of all other moil excellent and beautiful. Porfena fuppoling it would be an honourable mat-; 
 terunto theTufcanSiboth to have a King at RomC'iZnd a King too of the Tui'cans line, came with ' 
 a craell army againft Rome, Never was the Senate at any time afore put in fuch fear : lo mighty in' Piifcnahe. 
 thofedaies was the puiflanLC of Clufium.ind the name of Porfc»a fo renowned. Moreover, they ficgah Rome. 
 feared not their enemies only, but alfotheircwn fubjedts at home, leli perad'.encurecheCom- 
 munalcyof.^o»»f forlearof war fhould receive the King into the Cicy,and accept of peace though 
 it cofl them their liberty. During which time the Common; were entertained of the NoMes 
 with all kindnefs, and many favours and courtefies they had at cheir hands. And above all cbinf^j 
 order was taken for provilion of grain and viftuals. And for to purvey (lore of corn,fome were 
 D fent to the/'V/f/, others to Cumes, Over and behdes the licence of fellingfalt, beiaufeit; waS' 
 fold at an exceeding high price, was taken from private falters, and was undertaken by the City/ 
 with all the coft and charges thereto belonging by them defraied, and fait deliiered out to the,' 
 people at an ealie reckoning. The Commons werealfo freed of portagecoHage and tribute; and: 
 rich men that were able to bear the burthen wereaflefTedacall paimentsandconcabutions: the; 
 poor were thought to be charged enough with the bringing up of theirchi.dren. This kind' 
 dealing and indulgency of the Nobles kept the City afterwards (notwichUandino their hard 
 diftrefs of fiegeand famine ) in fuch concord and unity, that the meanefl: as well as the hii^heit 
 abhorred anddeteHed thenameof KK. And never after was there any one private perforin fo; 
 popular, fo devoted to the people by crafty means and indited courfes tending to their particu- 
 Elar defigns, as the whole Senate was at that rime, by their good government of the Common-^ 
 weal. Now when the enemies approached near at hand, every man made fhift for himleif, for-' 
 look the Country and came into the City. Which theyfortified with ftrongguards round about r 
 io that what with wals and bulwarks on the one nde, and what with the Tyher on the othenfide,' 
 it feemed fure enough, and fufHciently defended. The wooden bridge had like to have given the; 
 enemy entrance, had not the valour of one man been, even Horatius Cocks ( who that day byihe Tha rare for- 
 good fortune of the Romans was a fortrefs unto the Cny oi Roryje.) He as good hap was, ap- ''fude oFH,-. 
 pointed to ward and keep the bridge,feeing' the J anicle by a fudden afl'aulc won and that thcene- '"•'^'"^ '■"'''•''• 
 mies ran down fofurioufly from thence upon him, & contrariwife,the multitude ofhi, owncum- 
 paniesfor fear, to forgo their weapons,break their arraiet; and tobegone:tookhold of every many 
 •F oppofed himfelf againft them afront : and callingGod and man to witnefs, protelled, fliewed'and 
 declared unto them, thatforfaking and abandoning thus their quarter, all their flying was bur 
 in vain : for if they lett the bridge on their backs, to yield paffage to the enemies, there would' 
 anon be more of them in Ai/jf/w/w and the Capito:! than in the J anicle: and therefore be willed 
 and commanded them, yea, and gave them direffion to break down the bridge, by hewing, by' 
 firing, or by what means they poffible could : affuring them for Wi?. own part, fo much ascfie 
 body of one only man was able to do, he woud receive, and withftand the violence of the ene-' 
 mies. Then advanceth he himfelf unto the firft entryor footof thebridge, andalloocdlyto' 
 be feen,amongff thofe chat vvould in no point fight, but fhewed their backs, he fo bent his fword 
 andtargctin their very faces, refolureto encounter with them hand to hand, thateven with his: 
 G wonderfull hardinefs and incredible courage he aftonied and amazed his enemies. Howbeitjtwo 
 there were thatfor very fliame tarried ftill and flood to himnamely,5'p.L.i>-p-''«« and Tit, Hermixi-' 
 »«,brave men both,as well for noble birth as worthy deeds. AfTilf ed for a while with thefe oallanrsy 
 fuftained he the fitft ftorm of danger and moft cumberlbme pufh ot theskirmifh. Bucasthey 
 that were hewing down the bridge called upon them to come back, he conftrained rhoie two 
 alfo to retire andfave themfelves, whilesfomelitclepartof the bridge was left behind freeand 
 Hncut. Then calling all about in menacing manner his fiery and terrible eyes towards the Captains.- 
 
 E- 3 and
 
 A2 '/ hefecond BooJ\of T.Livius, 
 
 and principals of che Tufcans, one while he challenged them one by one to fingle fight : other- H 
 whiles he rated them all in generall calling them the hirelings and llaves ot proud Kings and ty- 
 rants ; who forgetting and making no reckoning of their own lreedom,werc come to oppugn and 
 impeach che liberty ot others. The enemies Hood at a bay and in iufpcn.e a good while, look- 
 ing about them one upon another who fliould firll begin to fight. At lait, very Oiame made the 
 whole troup to llirand come forward and fo letting up aloud cry, from all fides they let flie their 
 javelins at bim one man alone and their only enemy. All this while bare he off their Aot which 
 light upon his target, and there ftuck, and neverthelefs with full refolution kept the bridge Hill, 
 walking his Hations, and (lalking like a giant. Then affaied they with all their lorce to bearthe 
 man down and to turn him over into the water: but by this time the crackof the bridge broken I 
 under him, and the fliont witball of the Romans, for joy that they had finillied their work, (laid 
 with fudden fcartheir violent alVault.Then praied Codes in this wile: ^' O tather Tii>erinn!(q\ioth 
 " he; O facred river, with devout heart I theebefeech, receive with thy gracious andmercifull 
 ' ftreamthisharne'.s, thefeweapons.and this thy fouldier. And fo all armed ashe was,heleapt 
 into the Tyder : and albeit many a dart was flung from aloft and light upon him,yet he fwam over 
 andefcaped fafe to his fellows. A brave adventurefor allpofterity another day to talk of, rather 
 than to beleeve.For this fo great tortitude and relolution ot his, the City was thanklull.and in to- 
 ken thereof his Image or Statue was let up in their common Hall, named Cow;r;W«, and as much 
 ground given him in compafs,as he was able with a plough to break up in one day.Amongft ibefe 
 pubiike favours and honours done unto him.thekind affections and good wils of private perfons K 
 alfo well appeared .• for in that extream want and fcardty that then was, every man out of his 
 houfe-ftore and provifion fpared from himfeif.and for to give him one thmg or another defrandcd 
 his ownbelly.Thus Poyfe^a with the rcpuiie of this hi<: firll entcrprile,changed his mind frotn af- 
 faulting to befieging of the City : and after he had placed a garrilon inthe Jamculum^ he planted 
 himlelf and encamped on the plain, even upon the banks of the Tyher. And fending tor boats and 
 craiers from all parts both to (fop the mouth and paflageof Ty/^er, ihatnocorn Ihould come in 
 and be conveyed to Rome : and alto that thefouldiers,as they faw occafion.migbtcrols the river, 
 and fetch booties in divers and fundry places attheirpleafureinfhort fpace he brought the whole 
 countrey about ^cwf to fu'hftreights, that not only other things were brought in, butailtheir 
 cattel alio was fain to be driven cut of the fields into the City, and no man durll put any (.feature L 
 forth out of the gates. The Tufcans were permitted tobethusbold,notfo much forfearasfor a 
 policy : iotValerim theConful, waiting for fome vantage and opportunity, fuddenly to let upon 
 many of them at once and at unawares, as they llr.igled abroad diforderly, making little regard to 
 revenge fmall matters ;kept himfelf to be revenged ofthemtbroughly,and to pay them home one 
 time or other. To the end therefore he might draw forth thefeforragers, andtoUthem abroad, 
 he gave his men in charge,and proclaimed, That the next day in great companies they fhould put 
 their cartel forth at the gate Ef^jmlitic-, which was farthefl from the enemies : fuppofing that they 
 would haveintelligencethcreof, by reafnnthat in this extremity of longfiegeand pin:hinghnn- 
 ger, fome falfe knaves and difloyd rogues wonldflie unto them. And fo fell it out indeed i For 
 they had knowledge thereof by a fugitive (lave. Whereupon they in far greater multitudes pals M 
 over the river, in hope to make a general fpoil and havock once for all. Then r-^r/rrw command 
 dedT. Herminius with afufficient company to lieclofein ambufh at two miles end, \r\\.he.Sa- 
 ^;>^ highway, and 5p. L;(?x'«-f with a power of luRy tall fellows lightly armed, tokeepthegate 
 Co/;>«4;Untilltheenemy were gone by and paft: with direftion, then to put himfelf between the 
 river and them, and fo to inrer.ept them in their return- The other Conlii! T, Lucretmsi^xx- 
 ed forth with certain bands of footmen at the gate Navia : and Valenns himfelf in proper per- 
 fon let forth from mount C<^^.vJ certain enfigns of his bed and choice fouldiers. Thefe fird were 
 defcried and difcovercd by the enemy, Herminifts fo loon as he heard lome noife and ftir, arole 
 and r.'.n at onre out of the ambufh-, andwhiled the Tufcans turned to let upon Lucretius^ he 
 charged ti em luilily at their backs : fo that on every hand from the gate Collnta on the one fide, N 
 and tVomihe gate N^v-a on the other,theallarm was given. Thus the robbers were llain and cut 
 in pieces in the midil of them : both for that they were overmatched in fight and alfo becaufe all 
 the waies were flopped np, that they could not efcapeby way of flight. And never after durft the 
 Tufcans range about thecountrey foaudacioufly, Howbeit, the liege continued neverthelefs, 
 with great f arc-ty of com, and exceeding dearth within the City. And Porfe»a had good hope 
 Ttie»»U»3u by fitting ftill, to force it in the end, and be mafter thereof. At what time one T. /--/«f/K^ a noble 
 irefoiucionof young gentleman, who thought it a difhonour and foul fhame, that the people of ^o»wf, who 
 c.ttatm, all the while they were inbondageunderKings.wereinno war nor by any enemies beleaguered, 
 (hoii!d now,be!ng the fame Hill in time of their freedom be of thefe Tufcans befieged, whole ar- 
 mies they often had defeated: and fuppofing that by fome hardy and adventurous piece offerviceO 
 this reproach'iiU indignity was to be revenged, deviled at firll on his own head to enter into the 
 enemies Camp: but fearing afterwards to go without rommiffion from the Conful and the know- 
 ledge of anv other pertbn, left peradveriture he might be taken by the watch of the Romans, 
 and brought b?':k foratraiterousrunnagare, at fuch a timeefpeciaily, when the hard eftateof the 
 City was enough to bring him into a deeplufpition, and to be reputed for no better: prefen- 
 tcd faimfelf before the CoUDcill into the Senate houfc: " I am right wil ine, and I have a purpofe 
 
 "my
 
 The JecofidBooI^ of T. Li vius. ^ 
 
 A *'myLL. Cquothhe)to pals over the 7)^w,yea, andif Ican,to€nterthe Gamp of the enemies, 
 " not in quality Oi" a robber, nor to be revenged for booties from us taken, with doing the fem- 
 " blable. A greater exploit with the favour ot thegods, I intend to perform. The Senato, sea.e 
 their confent,and approved his dehgnment. Then with a skein, hidden under his gnrmenc he^fct- 
 tethforward. Being thither come into the Camp, he prcfiah in the thickeli throng to (land near 
 the Kin^s Tribunal. It fortuned that then and there the fonldicrs were receiving their pay. And 
 theChan.el.or, or Kings principal Secretary late together with the Kirg in like arr,iy, mu.h em- 
 ployed and buned in many matters and the fouldiers commonly had reeour'.'e uuto him. Miniu! 
 tearmg to enquire whether of them two were Pcrfcra ieit by not knowing the King hefliould be- 
 B <A'ray himfelf who be was hapned(fee how fortune in her ranmel's directed his hand )tokili the 
 Secretary inltead of the King : then as he pafled through the tearful multitude^ making himleif 
 way with his bioudy blade there was a prcient outcry, and thereat the Kings guard came running 
 io,laid hold ot him, and brought him back before the King his royal Throne : and albeit he was 
 now torlorn and without all luccour.amidli thofe threats of frowning fcr; une, yet as a man more 
 feared lull than fearing: " lamCquoch he) a Citizen of i^cwr, andC^/w/ J^Kr/^j ismy name, a Mutluilus 
 '■'• proielVed enemy, Iconfefs, and an enemy wouidlhaveOain ; as ready and willing am I to dye '1"^""'° '^''ng 
 "myieif, as 1 was to kill another. For, both to do, and to luffer valiantly is thep.irt of ancble "'*"*' 
 "Roman.Ard it is not I alone that carry this mind and refolutionagainlt thee, O King there is a 
 " Ions train and crue behind of them that leek to win thefame pi aife and honour : make thee 
 C " re. dy therefore, and arm thy felf, if thou think good, againlf this danger, andre^kone ery hour 
 "to be in hazard of thy life, and to have alwaiesat the very Courtgates thy enemies word. 
 "This kind of war do we youths of /^owrdenounce openly unto thee: no battel, nofightelfe 
 " fhalt thou need to tear. With thee alone wili we all,one by one have to do, and with none o-^ 
 '•ther. Hereat the King inrenfed with wrath, and for the danger that he flood in affiighted 
 withalt,commanded in menacing wife that he {houid be fried at a lfake,unlel's he would f refentiy 
 umold in p^ain te.ms, what lecrec and dangerous praCfifes he meant and threatned under this co- 
 vert circuit of words and intricace circumltan.es. '•'■ Lo, (quoth he again) how little they fet by 
 '■ thisca kafs rhatafpireto great glory and aim at honour: and withthatthruif his right hand in- 
 to the hearth on fi-e t it was made for the facrifice and when he endured the rolling thereof,as if 
 I>.bf h:?dbfepfen'eiel's, and felt no pain, the King well near alfonifhed at this wonderlull andmira- 
 ail'nisfjght Ifjrt up<nd ieapt from hi^ royal fear and t hair of ertate,commanding the young man 
 to be haS from the a.t ir, " Go thy waies (qjioth he) in peace, thou that haft done thy own felf vorfemthlt 
 '^more mischief than thou haft attempted agaidt myperlbn.. I would fay God blefs thee, and words »««- 
 " worthy hadil thou been of honour for thy prowefs. if it were in my (ervice, and in the behalf ''«*« 
 " and defence of mine own Countrey: and now by the law of arms I difcharge thee freely, and 
 *■ give thee leave to dcp rt w ithout any hurt or abuie offered unto thee. Then Mutins^ as it were 
 to requite again his curtelie and de ert. ' Forafmu. h as(quoth he)thou fetteft fo great ftore by va- juuiiusto Virt. 
 " lour and honoureftvertue to highly ; to the end it may befeen that thou flialtgetatmy hands Imt. 
 "by curcei'ethat whi h by - rnelttireats thou couldftnoc: thefe are therefore to let thee under- 
 E '• ftand that there are three hundred of us noble youths,even the very flower and knighthood of 
 " Reme^ that have confpircd and fworn thy death, and in this manner to affail thee. My lot it was 
 "^ to be the fir:l the reft as it fhall fall out, will be here fhortly , and wait every man his turn and 
 *' time, uniill they hit right upon thee. Mmius^ furnamed afterwards 5r<eW^, by reafonof the MutlusTwTnti 
 maim of his rishi hand, was no fooner difmiffed and gone,but there followed ftreight after him to med Soe-joU, 
 /JoTW/Embaffadorsfrom Por/f^^? J andfomu^h troubiedin fpiritwashe, both for the dinger part 
 of the F.rif airauit,(from which nothing preferved .him buta i'mallerrour and overhght of the ailii- 
 iant) and alfo for the hazard to come, ("for look how many confpiracors remained behind to give 
 the like attempt, fo often Rood he in jeopardy of his life^ that of his own accord he olferecl the 
 Romans conditions of peace. And among other capitulations,he ftood hard upon this article(buc 
 F aUin\ain)of reftoringthe 7,«>-gf,/«j into their Kingdom, This pointthe King urged inJfantly, ra- 
 ther becaufe he cou,d not well himleltdeny the Ja-quius fo much, than for that he was ignorant, 
 that the Romans would never yield thereto. But another article he got granted,namely,therefti- 
 tution of the Veientians lands again : and the Romans were driven of necelTity to give him ho- 
 iiages, in cafe they would have the Kings garrifon to quit the J iniculimi. Upon thele conditions p"" befwee.i 
 peace was concluded , and Por[ena withdrew his forces from the J.i>?;«^/«ff>-, diflodged and depar- Romans 
 led out of the territory of Rt/kc. The Senators beftowed frankly upon Mtttius .asi. tellimonialof 
 his v3liantnefs,apieceof ground lying beyond zy^cr, which wasatierwards caikd, Mutiaprata, 
 »>. /•l^;/f.«/ his meadows. 
 
 Upon this honourable regard and reward of vertue^ women Were likewife provoked and cn-j 
 G couraged to'enrerprize worthy afts in the fervice of the Common- weal. For ayoungdamofeland 
 
 Virgin, n-imed Cloel.a one of thole hoftages aforefaid, whiles the Tufcans were encamped (as it ^I^'^°[""l"> 
 fell out ) not far from the banks of 7}^*^, deceiving her keepers and leading a company of o- 'cia^ia ^* ' 
 therm idensaftex her, even within the fbot and d.irts of the enemies, took the river, fwam o- 
 ncrwich '.hem, brought them all to /Jowe fate, and delivered them to tlieir parents, kinsfolkand 
 friends. Which being reported to the King, heatthefirftftormedat it,and wasallina rage, and 
 fei5tunto Rome cetiiin Orators to demand again his hoftagc Cloeha by name: as for all the 
 
 " reft.
 
 ^^ 7hefecond Boo\of T.Livius, 
 
 reft, he made no great account of them : but afterwards, upon further confideration he admired H 
 the enterprife, and plainly faid, it lurpaffed far all the adventures of theC«/^/fjandfthe /uutti-: fo 
 as he pretended that if the maid were not rendred again, he would take the leagu^ as broken, and 
 beini7, yielded, he would fend her back to her friends,undefiled,and without any abufe.or violence 
 done unco her. On both parts was ptomife faithfully kept : For both the Romaiis reft ored the 
 pled-^e ot peace according to covenant,and feen alfo it was, that vertue was not only fecured fate, 
 but alio h'ghly reanrded and honoured with the Tttfcm King. For after he had commended and 
 praifed the'damofeljhepromifed to give her part of the hoftages,chufe whom llie would. And when 
 they were all brought forth before her-flie made choife (they fay) of thofe young boies that were 
 under 14 years oi age: which was not only moft befitting her virginity, but alio by the accord of i 
 the holf.iges ihemielves beft approved; namely, that that age efpecially Ihould be delivered out of 
 the enemies hand'^, which was molf fubje;!^ to injury and taking wrong. Thepeace thus renewed 
 and confirmed, the Romans rewarded this rare valour m that lex, with as new andftrange an ho- 
 nour, for, in remembrance of her,in the top of Ftafacraixhtxt was eredkd her tlatue, ^A maiden 
 fitting on horfeb.'K\_. --<'■ 
 
 There remaineth yet even unto our daies amongft other folemn ceremonies,this one cuflome re- 
 ceived from our ancettors,far differing and difagreeing from this peaceable and friendly departure 
 of the Tufcan King from before the City of ^swf 3 and this it is : Jntheportfaleof goods they ule 
 to proclaime firft aloud. The [ale of King Porfena hn goods. Thisceremoniall cuftomemuif needs 
 either begin in time of war,and fo was not afterwards forgotten in peace : or elfe arole from iome k 
 moregratious and gentle occafion at the firlt, then this tide or outward form pietendech, of fel- 
 ling goods by way of hoftilityand alter the manner of enemies. But the likelieft conjeilureand 
 neareft to the truth of ali thofe that are given out is this: that Por/e ,4 diflodging from the Jumcle, 
 gave freely unto the Romans, ( the City at that time being after long fiege dillrefied and in great 
 ftreighf^; his rich Camp furnifned with v ictual and provihon, conveyed thither out otthe plen- 
 tiful! countries of' Hetru-ria near adjoyning: which goods, for fear there fliould havebeen fome 
 havockandfpoil made thereof in warlike wife, in cafe the people had been let loofe to the rifling 
 ofthetents,wereafterfold, and called Porfenahis goods : which title fignified rather their thank- 
 full acceptation of the gift, and remembrance of the giver, than any open and overt fale of the 
 Kinfscoods,which were not fo much as in the Romans power.nor at their difpolition. L 
 
 Thus Porfe>ta having given overthe Romanwar, becauf« he would not feem tohave brought 
 anholf of men into thofe parts.and performed noexploit/ent his fon Arms with part of his for- 
 . ces to furprize and alT^iult Ariria.ht the firit this fudden and unexpected encerprizemuch troubled 
 
 ^^^'' the Aricins- but afcervv.ird when the had gotten aid bothfrom the Latine nations & alfo from C«- 
 
 nfes-ihey took fuch heart again, that they durll enter into the field & bid the enemy battel. In the 
 beginning of the conflicl,ihe Tufcans charged them fo hotly that at the very firif encounter they 
 brake the arraies ofthe Aricins.Bik chetroupsof theCumans letting policy againft forcejwent a 
 littleaf;de,madeway andgaveiomeground,and when the enemies hadoutliripped them & were 
 rafhly and diforderly pafled beyond them, they turned their enfignsjand let upon their bai.k«:io 
 weretheTufcans,beinginthe very train of their vi£fory,befet round about. and llain inthemidrt M 
 between. Only a fmall remnant ofthem after the lofs of their Captain,bec?,ule they had no other 
 place ofrefuge nearer,vvere fain to trudg to Rome without weapons and difarmed, like fuppliants 
 both in deed and fhew. Wherethey were kindly entertained and bellowed in feverall lodgings. 
 Some of them when they were cured of their wounds repaired home. reporting the hofpitaiity 8c 
 courteous ufage they have found. Many remained ftill at Rome for love of their hofts and the City: 
 who had a place allotted them to dwell in^ which after they called 7~^;;c/f/« vicus, the Tufcan 
 ttreet. 
 
 After this, were P. Lurretim aad P. f^^/f ?•/«.? the third time created Coff. In that year, for a 
 
 fmail end, there came Embaffadours from Po;/'».t, to treat about the reftoring of the T'^rgrw/;?/ 
 
 into their Realm: to whooi this ani'wer was returned : that the Senate would fend Embafladors jsj 
 
 to the King himfelf: whereupon there were immediacly addrelled unto him in EmbaiTie the 
 
 mort honourable uerfonages of ail the Nobility, who in the name of the people of /Jowi? deli-' 
 
 vered thisfpeech: That the chief of their Nobles were lent, rnther than any difpatchgivenby 
 
 The Roman word of mouth unto his Embaff.sdours at Rome 5 nocforthat they couid not have fliapen them 
 
 Einbifridours this fliort anfwer, "They would no Kings have: But to this end.chat for ever after there fnould 
 
 toKingP«c- u|3(, no fuit renewed of that matter, nor in lb great mutuall benefits, and favours pafled between 
 
 /M*. ''them, fome difcontent arife on either fide, whiles he might fe thought to requeft that 
 
 '^ which was repugnant and prejndiciall to the liberty of i?o«r, and the Romans aj^ain, unlefs 
 
 *'theywx3uld be executors of their own-wrcngs, and feek their own mifchievance, to make 
 
 *' denial unto him, whom by thei-pood wils they would not feem to deny ought for any thing in q 
 
 "theworld. But as tothefubftance in the matter, this wasthepoint :n3mely.that the people of 
 
 *'^flW(r were not under the regiment of a King-, but were a free Rare: and fullyletledinthis pur- 
 
 ^'pofc-Tofet open their gates to the enemies 'boner than toKinrs: and were all ji^eneraily of this 
 
 " mind and refolution. That look when the freedom of that City had anend,thenfhould the 
 
 ** City come to an end alfo. To conclude therefore they were to entreat him that if he tendered 
 
 " the weal and lafety of Rome, he would permit them to be freeftill and at their own liberty. 
 
 The
 
 TheJecondBool^^ of T. Li vius. 4 5 
 
 A The King overcome with very moderty, aiid much aba/hed in.himrelf, anrwered thus again: 
 "Since you are lb fully minded and Hifly bent (quoth he) neither will I importune ycU;, nor dull 
 *' your ears with harping (till upon this Unpiealant firing,and do no good .-nor bear the Tar^m^is 
 " any longcrinhandjanddeceive them of that hope ofaidjWhich nothing at all is in my power to 
 *• pert'omi. Let them from henceforth feek fome other place of exile, either for peace or war, as 
 '^ they fliall think more expedient, that there may be nothing to let and hinder the free coure of 
 "amity, and alliance between me and you, To thefeoood and kind words he joyned better and 
 more friendly deeds. For all the hollages that remained in his hand he fent home : and the Veien- 
 tians lands which by thecovenants indented at JamculHTn^ were taken away, he reltored to the 
 B Romans again. Thus TaYqnm feeing all hope of return cut offjremoved unto Tufcpilum lo his Ton 
 in hw Mumilius 05iavius,ihecc to live and Ipend the relt of his dales in banijTiment.So there con- 
 tinued faithfull peace between the Romans and King Porfe/ia. 
 
 Then were Cofl. M.Vakrtus and P. Poflhumms, Jn that year the Romans fought with the Sa- 
 bins fortunately) and the Confuls triumphed. But afterwards the Sabins made greater prepara- 
 tion of war : towithlland whom, asalfoforfcar of fomefuddendaoger that mightarifefrom 
 Tufcftlum ^Uom whence they fulpe^ed war,although none was openly leen, were P.rJer!m ihe 
 fourth time, and T.Lucret ms ths lecond time created ColT. But among the Sabins there grew 
 fomecivilldifcord betweenthat part that would have war, and the contrary that fought peace: 
 which gained the Romans fome llrength even from thence. For ^ppius Cla^fns (v/bo after- 
 C wards at Rome was furnamed Appms Claudius ) a perfwader himfelf of quietnefs and repore,being ^tfm ckudl- 
 overmatchedand notable to make his part good with the adverfefaftion that minded and flirrcd «>• 
 troubles, accompanied with agreat power of friends and followers, from Ref ilium fled to Rome, 
 who were entranchiled Citizens, and poflefled of thole lands that lye beyond the river * Amo. » At thij day 
 And from thence came the name of the old trade ^/)/«<« rafter that other new Citizens were put Ttveron. 
 untothem.ihofe I meanjthatdefcended of that race,and out of the fame territory. This Jpfius Tube /^/i^wc 
 was admitted into the nnmber of the Senators,and not long after advanced to be one of the chief 
 men and heads of the City. The Coff.went with aftrong power into the Sabins land,where after 
 they had firlt walkd the Country,and after in battell abated the ftrength and puiflance of the ene- 
 my ; fo, as for a long time after they needed not to fear any rebellion from thence, they returned 
 D to Rome in triumph. 
 
 The year following, when ^^ff/ff I Menenius and P.PoflhumiusyNtrtCo^. P .Valerius faded. 
 hisdaies in great glory, reputed theonly fmgularmaninthofe times, byallmens judgment, for 
 skill and knowledge as we.l in martiall feats,as in civill affairs : but fo poor was his e(late,that he 
 had not wherewith to defray hisfunerall expences, and was therefore at the Cities charge right Z^»^Y"^ ■ 
 honourably enterred. And the Dames of Rome mourned for him as they did for Brutus. "im^ coafuC 
 
 The fame year two Colonies oftheLatines,/'c/w/?f;<i and Conz.revol ted to the Auruncans, The 
 Romans firlt began to war upon theAuruncans. And after they had difcomfited a great holt of them, 
 who met with the Confuls as they cntred the borders,and fiercely made head again If them, then 
 all the Auruncan war was driven and tranllaied wholly to Pomena. The (laughter and execution 
 E was no lefs after the conflii^, than during the tight : for whereas there were many more of them 
 flain outright in the place than taken prifoners thofc alfo that were prisoners they fpared not,but 
 murdered every where as they went: neither ilaid the turious rage of war therewith, but even 
 the very hoftages whom they had received, to the number of 300, they put to thefword. In this 
 year alfo was a triumph at Rome^ 
 
 The Confuls Opner yiriuyiius.vad Sp.Cafius,x.\\a.t followed the next year, affailed Pometi-t^ fidl, 
 by meer force to fcale the wals,after with pavoifes,mantelets,platforms,and other fabricks,raifed 
 agalnrt it. Upon whom the Annmcans fallied forth,rather of a cankred and malicious hatred than 
 for any hope or vantage given them of good exploit •• the greater part of them furniiTied better 
 withfire-works than armed with fword and fpear, killed and burned all afore them : and having 
 F thus fired their fabricks aforefaid , hurt and flain a great number of their enemies, one of the Con- 
 fuls alfo (but his name preciely is not by any author fet down)vvas fore wounded, Hrucken down 
 from his horfeand well-near flain. Whereupon the Romans returned back to R^me zh\.\s unhap- 
 pily defeated, leaving the Confnl behind chem amongff many that were hurt, like to dye. Soon af- 
 ter,and no longer than whilert their wounds might be healed ,and a new fnpply of fouldiers made, 
 thevcjmeagainft Pomcna, in more turious manner than before, and alfo with a ftronger power. 
 And when by making of new mantelets and other warlike inflruments of aflault, they were pro- 
 ceeded thus forward that the fouldiers were ready to fcale and get up the wall; then they within 
 ■yielded : and notwithffanding the Town was thusfnrrendredup yet there was no more mercy 
 (hewed unto it, thanifit had been forced by affault. The chief and principal Citi7ens<'hamefully 
 G loft their heads, the red of the inhabitants were fold at the fpear in open market like Oaves- the 
 °Tovvhfarkt and r.i^ed to the ground yea and money made of the lands belonging to it.Thc Con- 
 fuls tor that thev had fo wreaked their anger, and lliarply revenged themfclves, more than for any 
 great war they had finifhed obtained triumph. 
 
 The year fol 'owing were P^fthumius C animus zx\d T.Lar(!^ifisQor\{v\h. In this year, during the 
 games and plaies ct Ro?^?, certain vonkers of theSabins, went about in a wanton jollity to carry 
 awayaixiravifli the Curtezans and comifion Strumpets of the City. Whereupon the peopleran 
 
 together
 
 4^ 
 
 i hefecondBool\ofT,hW\us, 
 
 tO"ether,andm3deariot,grew to vvords,andrrom words to brawls, infomuch, as they went to- H 
 "ether by theea/Sjand made a fray in manner ofabattell: upon which i'malL occahon there was a 
 rebellion like to enfue. Over and befides the fear of the La tines war.(fortoencreafe their troubles 
 themorejnewscame,andit was certainly known, thatby the foUiciting and pradife of Oclixvius 
 Marf!il:its-,tbeK:V/cic already thirty nations banded together againll the Romans, The City thus 
 being perplexed for the event and expeftation of thefelo great octurrents,there arofethe firftoc- 
 cahon and mention made ot creating a Di6i:ator. Butneither in what yearjnorin vvhatConfuls 
 time (for that it can hardly be beleeved,that they fhould be of the Tarcjutns fa6lion,and yet that 
 alfo is reported ^ nor yet who was f recreated Diftator, is it certainly known: Howbeit, in the 
 Dia»rt>r fiift moil ancient writers I find that T.Larq_tus was created the firltDidator, and Cmus Cajfius Gene- I 
 ctejtedat rail of the horfemen : and Gonfular men(/.rfuch as had been Ccnfuls af'ore)they were that eledted 
 tome. j^irn : for fo the law provided that was enaded, concerning the creation of a Dictator. And this 
 
 induceth me the rathei^b beleevcjthat Largius an ancient man, and one who had been Conful be- 
 fore, was appointed as a Controller and Mailer over the Conluls, and not M. Valerius thefon of 
 Marcm-flr\dt grandion of Vohfus^who as yet had not attained to the Confuls dignity. For if thefe 
 Confularmen aforefaid had been minded to have chofena Dictator outof that houfe above all o- 
 ther furely they would have made choice rather of his father M.Valeritts,3 noble peri'onage,ofap- 
 proved prowels and valour, and one befides that had been Conlul. When the Dictator was once 
 chofen at Rnme^znd the axes were feen born before him,the Commoners flood in great awe, and 
 took better regard to be obedient at every beck and command. Forneither could theymakeac- K 
 countof any help ('as they might under the Con!ulsA\ho were both incommiirionalike,andofe- 
 quall authority'.when they had recourfe from the one to the other ) nor yet appeal unto the peo- 
 ple : no nor look for iuccour at all,but in their own double diligence and care of obedience. The 
 Sabins likewife were afraid of the Diilator thus created at Rome •■ and fo much the more, becaufe 
 they were verily perfwaded he was made of pnrpofetor them :and thereupon ^they fent Embaffa- 
 dors to treat for peace, who befeeching the Diftator and the Senate to pardon fo fmall a fault, and 
 beingbut a trick of youth, received this anl'wer : That youth indeed might well be pardoned, but 
 fuch old babes as they might not, who never refted to fow debate, and minifler occafion of one 
 war after another.Howbei t they fate in confultation about a peace, and obtained it had been-jf the 
 Sabins could have found in their hearts and condefcended to make good and repay the expences L 
 that the Romans had disburfed about the war: for that was the thing demanded ac their hands, 
 • So defiance wa^ fent and war proclaimed. And yet for that year all was quiet, as it were in time of 
 a fecret truce during the Conluifliip of 5 yvius Suipiti.is, and M. ManliHs TuUhs^ in whofe year 
 there was nothing done worthy of remembrance, 
 
 Afterthem were T.El>utius, and ( .Vet h ft us. In tbeir time * Fideh-e\\3s befieged, * Cmflumeria 
 
 won. and /"j-f-.f/?." revolted from the Latines unto the Romans, AndtheLatine war, which had 
 
 been a breedingand budding for certain years, was no longer delaid, but brake forth. yi.Pofihtt- 
 
 rrtius the DiiVatorand T.Ehutius Generall of the Cavalry, with great power of foot and horfe, fee 
 
 forward and advanced as far as the Lake ^f /;//;«, in the Territory of Tufadum andthereencoun- 
 
 tredthe Armyoftheenemiesintheir march. And becaufe they heard fay that the 7<j?-(5i«/»j were M 
 
 in the hod ot the Latine<:, they could not for anger forbear any longer, but prefently fell to it , and 
 
 began battel!. This held was fought tight fiercely,and coll more bioudfhed a good deal, than o- 
 
 thers ufually before : becaufe the (knerals and chiet Commanders were there prefent, not only 
 
 togivedireilion by their counfel and advice, but alfo in perfon themfehes hazarded their own 
 
 bodies,andfoughtbravelyinthemedley.And not onealmoR of the principall lenders efcaped out 
 
 oftheskirmifh,eitherof onelideorof the other, fafe and found, fave only the Roman Didator^ 
 
 Thefimous For as /'o/?/w»;/«r was encouraging hismen,and fetting them in array in the vanguard,7'rtr(5'«/«/W 
 
 bactell strhc Supe -^///(albeit he was now very aged and unweildy,and notable to betlir himfelf)fet fpnrs to his 
 
 "LxkcRigiUii. horfe-.and ran full butt ngainll him.But having caught a thruft from ahde, was relcued by his men 
 
 that came about him. and retired to a place of fafety. And in the other wing,£^«f«/jGenerall ofjq 
 the horfemen,fet upon OEl.Mamiliifs-.hMi hethe Captain I mean of the Tufculan-^jwas well ware 
 cfhim, and el'pied him coming, and ran his horfe with full carreer likewife upon him, and fode- 
 fperately they bear their Lances one againfl the other, that Ebuttusvjzs run quite through the 
 arm, and Mamtlms wounded in thebreafl, whom the Latines fuccoured and received into the 
 middle w,'rd. As for E^«//«.f rot able any longer to bear his ftafF, with his arm fore hurt, with- 
 drew himfeif out oftliebattel.The Leader of the Latines nothing difmaied for all his hurt main- 
 tained fight fiill: and feeing his fouldiers fomewhatdiflreflTed, he fendeth for the Regiment of 
 the Roman exuls, that were undcrtheleadingof L. Tarqiiiyjius his fon : who llickinemore cou- 
 ragiouflyiintoit.for anger that their good'; were fpoiled and they driven outof thcirowncoun- 
 trey, renewed the combare afrefn forawhi'c. And as the Romans from that quarter began to q 
 recule and give ground, M, Valerius., the brother of /'w^Z/f-o/.;, efpying young T/ir.jw/M vaunting 
 himfe'fglorioufly in the fore-front of theexuls, inflamed alfo with adefireof domeflicall glo- 
 ry of his houfe: that the fame family which had the praife of expelling the Kings, might like- 
 wife win the honour of killing them, fpurred hi.diorfe, and with deadly fpe?r ran againft r/!;^^/- 
 nius: who giving way to his mortall enemy, retired back to his own Regiment. ViMt Valerius 
 by this lime was disbanded from his company, and raflily ridden into the battell of the exiles, 
 
 and 
 
 » caHdJuhileg, 
 
 vtl M'tnll Ro- 
 
 tundo. 
 
 » Pitajliina, 
 
 Oncl, 
 
 Thiifculo. 
 
 I
 
 TheJecondBooJ^ of T. Livius. 45 
 
 A and there a common fouldier hapned to charge upon him a flank,andrun him through. The horfe 
 Haid not a jot for all the rider was wounded, and fo the Roman Knight ready to die, fdJ to the 
 ground with his armour upon his body. and paid nature her debt. /'o/M«w//« theDiifl:ator,after he 
 perceived lb valiant a man fain, and the banifiied man advancing luliily forward with full trot, 
 and hisovvnfouldiersdiflrefled,andat point to turn their ba.ks ga\eexprefscommandement nn- 
 to his own band, which he had about him of chofen tall ruen for to guard hisperfon,that as many 
 of their fellows astheyfaw flietheyflhould takethemforenemies,and kill them in thepiace.Thus 
 by reafon of a counter-fear the Romans made head again and renewed the battell.Then began the 
 Diilators cohort to fight, and coming with frefh bodies and couragiousllomicks, chargedupon 
 B the wearied exiles,and killed them on every hde.Wheruponb^^gan another combate alfo between 
 the Colonels and Captains of quality and mark. The Generall of theLatines feeing the b.ntalion 
 of the banifiied well near environed round by the Roman Didator,fpeedily taketh with him in- 
 to the forefront of the batteil certain fquadrons of chofe that were appointed in the rear-guard to 
 fuccour andaid: whom T.HermtntM-, a lieutenant, efpied to come marching in good order,and 
 knowing amongft them A/ar»iIiushy his gorgeous hatnefs,and "oodly coat-annour,with far grea- 
 ter violence than theGenerall of the horlemen a little before,encountred the Colonell of his ene- 
 mies fo hotlythatboth he ran MdmiUw through his fides,and flue him oucright, and alfo whileft 
 he was difarming and rifling his body, he was wounded himfelf with a fliort javelin, and being 
 brought back with victory into the Camp, and at firli drefiTing yeelded to nature and died. Then 
 
 C rode the Diiftator apace to the horfemen,and earnelily cried unto them, that feeing the footmen 
 were toiled out and wearied, they would alight from their horfes, and take the matter into their 
 hands. The horfemen foonobeyed,leapt from horfeback,and {e.x. forward, as it they had flown, to 
 the forefront, where they expoied their targets in defence of them that fought before the enfigns. 
 Whereat prefently the Infantry began again to take heart, feeing the principallmen of arms, and 
 noble young Gentlemen in the like kind of fervice, expofed to the fame danger? and ready to take 
 part with them.Then at the laft were the Latines putback,and their whole battel began to fhrink„ 
 The Gentlemen had their horfes brought to them again, and theymountedon horlebacktopur- 
 fue their enemies. The footmen likew/fe followed after. There the Dicftatoromitting no help of 
 God and man,vowed,as men fay,a Temple to Cafior, and openly promifed and propofed rewards 
 
 J) to that fouldier that made either firft or lecond entry into the enemies Camp. Whereupon they 
 beflirred themfelves fo couragioufly, that theRomans at one brunt both vanquifhed their ene- 
 mies, and alfo were poflefled of their tents. This was the noble field fought at the Lake Regillns, 
 The Dictator and the Generall of horfemen returned into the City with triumph.For three years 
 after ,there was neither affured peace between them,nor yet profefled war. 
 
 Confuls were ^.C/(r//«/, and T'.L^zr/'/w/. hkztt\\tm. A.SemprowHs^znd A'f.MinutiHS. Whiles 
 thefe two were Coniuls,the Temple to Saturn was dedicated, and the feaft called SatHmalta infti- f^^^f^^^f^^^^ 
 tuted. After them fuccecded J.Pofihumius,ind T.Virgimns. And in this year and not before,! find sl"mnJ"^^ ' 
 in fome authors, that the faid batteil was f^ricken near the Lake i?f_ecAf«j, and that J. Pvfihttmiits inftituted. 
 fufpefting the fidelity of his brotherConful.gaveoverhis place,and fo was made Didhtor. The 
 
 £ account of times doth fo vary and is fo intricate and confufed, whiles writers diverfly fet down 
 the chiefM3gtHrates,that info great 3ntiquity,notofa6ts only, but alfo of authors,a mancannoc 
 orderly and diredly dilhnguifhjaccordingtofome writers,vvho wereConfulsjand what was done 
 in every year. 
 
 Afterwards were yip.Clmdius-, and P. S er-vi I i its created Confnls. This year was famous forthe 
 news of Tarqnif^ his death.He died at Cumes,io which place after the defeature of the Latines po w- Tm-qwmui Su- 
 er-he wentto Arifiodewus thcTy]:a.nt.Ax.vihich tidings the hearts of the Nobles were well light- poOmdieih. 
 ned the Commons alfo began to look up. But the joy in the Nobility was above meafure too ex- 
 ceflive and licentious. For why ? the great men began now to wrong and wring the communalty, 
 whom untillthat day they had favoured and pleafured to their full power. In the fame year the 
 
 F Colony %»/<«, which King Tariiuinins had ereded, was now f1:ored again the fecond time, and 
 the number fupplied with new inhabitants. And the tribes or wards at /J^wf were now made up Wjrdszi. 
 2 1. The temple of A-lercmy was dedicated in the * Ides of yT^^;'.With the Nation of the Volfcians • i$ et^^y. 
 in the time of the Latine warnelthcr was there peace nor war : for both the Volfcians had levied 
 a power for aid to fend unto the Larlnes,if theRoman Didatcr h.id not made good fpeed: and al- 
 fo the Roman Di>ftator haffned the more for fear he fhould in onebatteli have to deal wlc^ La- 
 tine': and VolfLians both at once. Upon this quarrell, the Confuls led forth their Legions into 
 the Volfcians Country The Volfcians fearingnorevengefor their defignmen'(that was intended 
 only,indnevercamein af^ion) were much troubled with this fudden and unlooked for occur- 
 rent. Not mindin;: therefore to make refinance. and forgctfull of warlike pro wci's^cheydeUvered 
 
 G ^cooftheir Noblemen,"! children out of Cora^Tid Pomettiioz hoflages. Whereupon the Roman 
 Legions from thence without any fight were withdrjwn. But not long afcer the Voll'ciansbci'^g 
 fomewhat eafed and delivered of their fear,c?me again to their old biace Scrcrurned to their won- 
 ted nature, and fecretly nnder-hand m.idc prepar.uion anew tor vv.ir. joy n'ng with them as con^^e- 
 derates inthisquarrel the Hernlkes.They fend alfo their Embaff.idours allabout to move .vjd fo- 
 Icite Ldr«>»,Buc the Latines. for their late overthrow atrheLike^^f(//;«,took furh a Ipleenard cnrnpagntdt 
 hatred agaioflhim whofoever, that fliould once put into their heads and perfwaae them to take Kom*. 
 
 arms.
 
 a'^ ^I hefecondBool\ofT.hWmsi 
 
 armsjthat tbey could not forbear the very Embaffadoiirs^but offer them abufe. They apprehended rf 
 therefore the Volfcians,conveyed them to ^o?we,and delivered them to the Confuls .-where they 
 revealed and gave ifltelligence.thac the Volfcians and Hernicks were out in arms- ready to war up- 
 on the Romans .Whi^h being reported unto the Senators, they were lb wellplealed and contented 
 therewith;that they fet at liberty 6000 Latines, prifoners, and fentthem home. And concerning 
 a league to be con Jnded with them, which was like before to have been denied for ever, they re- 
 ferred the confultation thereof, unto the new MagiBrates that fliould next enter. And ingoo4 
 footh p'eafent & glad were the Latins ihenjfor that they had done,and the authors of peace were 
 magnilied and had in great reputation.They fend moreover a Crown ot gold into the Capitoil,for 
 a prefent to Ju^itfr. With thefe Embafladours and the prefentjthofe priioners which before were I 
 fetfree,came in greater number. Who repaired flraight waies to every man his houfe, where they 
 had been prifoners, yielding them great thanks for their kind ufage and friendly entertainment in 
 time oftheir calamities and miferies, andpromifed therewith the like courtehe and mutuallho- 
 ipitality. Never were the Latines at anytime afore, both publikely and privately, united more 
 neerly to the Roman Empire, 
 
 But as the Vol ian war was now at hand, fo the City was at difcord among themfelves. The 
 Senators and Commons hated one another at theheart, and all this arofe by occalion efpecially 
 of certain perfons that were indebted and in danger of their creditors: who muttered and gave 
 out in murmuring wife, how that abroad they adventured themfelves and fought for the liberty 
 and dominion of the City, and at home by their own neighbours they were held prifoners and K 
 oppreffed : faying that the freedom of the Commons was more I'afe in time ot war,than of peace, 
 among the enemies rather than their own fellow Citizens, This inward grudge and heart-bur- 
 ning, which of it lelf Rill kindled more and more, the notable calamity of one man above all o- 
 thers,fet on a lightfire. A certain aged perfon chanced to break prifon, and with the arms,badges, 
 and ornaments of all his anceftors, ran into the market piace. His apparrell was all to tattered> 
 foule, and loathfome, but the habit or plight of his body mu^h more hlthy : fo pale, fo wan, fo 
 lean witnall, as if he had been over-pined and (brved, his ,org fide beard and hair ot his headfo 
 overgrown,that they made his vifage and countenance wild and gartiy. Howbeit, for all he was 
 thusdisfiguredby this deformity, he was a man well known and as feme faid, he had done good 
 fervice in the wars had been a chief Centurion, and had the charge and leading of bands in the L 
 field: and the common people, aspittyinghiselhte, andto movecompallion-, recounted many 
 worthy exploits oi his,to his great crecfit and hngular commendation. Himfelf likewife fhewed 
 the fears ot wounds, which in his breaft and fore-part ot his body in divers places he had re- 
 ceived that mi;?ht telHfie his valiant fervice. The people flo king about him as it were in a com- 
 mon affembly to hear a fr>lemn Oration, enquired of him, how he came to be in that taking, 
 fopoor lb disfigu ed and ieformed ? Heanfwered, that whiles heferved in the Sabine war, he 
 by realbn of the conrinuall forr'ging, and waliino of the Territory, not only \o[\ the revenews 
 and encreafeo: his lands,but a^fo his Mannor-houfe was burnt, all his goods ranfacked and fpoiled, 
 his cattell driven avv3y: and when a levy and tribute was exa«5ted in a time when he ill might, he 
 was driven to take up mnney and run in debt ; whi h growing more and more by paiment of in- M 
 tereft,firH he was con'^raintd to iell his land, that his father and grandfather had left him, and to 
 turn himfelf out of all by making a clean hand of the reft of his goods: untill at length his body 
 alio began to winder ,vvay in a confumption. Complaining moreover how by his creditor he was 
 not only brought into bondage and thraldom butalfo imprifoncd, and whipped, and tormented 
 in moft cruelland butiherlikemanner.With that he fhewed before them alljhis back lately fcour- 
 ged, with the frefli wales ofthehfhes newly given him. At thefght and hearing hereof, there a- 
 rofe a great outcry of the people,fo that anon the uprore kept not within the compafs of the mar- 
 ket place ,but fpreid overall the City: infuch lbrt,that as wellthey that were bound, as they that 
 were loofe came forth from all p.irts into the open (ireetsxalling the ^«/y;>«and the people piti- 
 fully to help. In no corner wanted any companions to take pare wi lingly in this feditious rout-,and N 
 fcditUmia*' every wherein all the Hreetsthey run by companies into the common place.Thofe Senators who 
 taat. chanced to be abroad, attheir nofmallperill light upon this multitude: and had not the Confuls 
 
 P.Servilnii.snd Jpp (^Luid'm made the better fpeed, and come upon them to appeafethe com- 
 motion, there would have been fome knocks, for hardly could they have he'd their hands. Ac 
 whofecomming the multitude turned unto rhem,fhewing their irons-and all their other fhame- 
 'full mifu age and mlfery, laying, This is all the good we have gotten for our warfare : upbraiding 
 everymmthefervices they had performed, fome in one place, fome in anot'^er. requiring thetn 
 in threatning wife, rather than by way of fuppication, tocall theSenatetogeiher andtheythe 
 whileftood abouttheC//r/,r, as if they would be judges and moderators of the'rpubiike coun- 
 fell. Very few of the Senators, fuch only as by chance came that way, could bebronsht to re- O 
 pair to the ConUils : as for the reft, they were afraid not on'y to come into the Co"n ill- houfe, 
 but al'b to venture abroad into the marketplace, fo that by realonot rheir fmnll aflt-mb'y- there 
 could be nothing done nor determined. Then thought the people indeed they were mocked 
 and dallied withall and driven off with debies, furmifins thai the Senators which were away, 
 ablented themfelves not by chance, nor for tear but only to hinder the proreeding oftheir 
 caufe: and that the Confuls themfelves did diffemble and fhrinkj and without all queftion 
 
 made
 
 The fecondBooJ\^of T.Uw'ms. Ap 
 
 A made but a korn and game at their mileries. This broil lb in^reafcd, that h.irdly Lould the re- 
 verence and Majeliy ot the Confuls relirain the peoples rage. But the Senators fhinding in doubc- 
 fuli tearms, whether to tarry behind or to come forward would be more dangerous, at lenoth 
 they refoUed to repair into the Senate, and being now at laft atuilandl; ffi ient boufeg.uhered, 
 neither the Lords t lere aflembled, no nor yet the Confuls, could well agree amongd themfeh es 
 what to do in this cale, yJppim a man ot ahot fpirit, was of opinicntoorderthe matter by ^'"" opini- 
 . Confular authoricy and commandment, faying, That if one or two of them were laid hold on,the nate hour ^*' 
 red would be quiet. But ^crw/z^j more inclined to mi d and gentle remedies, thought it a more 
 fafe and eafycourfe too, rather to bend than to break theirangry andfelUiomack-. But amidit 
 B thefe troubles there hapned a greater and more tearful occurrence : For .ertain L n/a on horfe- 
 back rodeinpolf, and brought news in haiiy and tumultuous manner, that the Volkians were 
 coming with a mighty and cruel army againlf theCity to afl'aultthe fame. Whi^hnews beini^ 
 heard flee how difcord had of one City made twain) wrought far other efFe£f in the Nobles, 
 than in the Commons. Tbecomminakylepttor joy , and laid thcgods werenow comedown 
 from Heaven to be revenged of che Senators pride, and encouraged one another not to take preft- 
 mony,or to enter theirnames in the Muller-mallers book,faying thac they had rather dye at once 
 with ail, thanperifh aloneandnonebut they: "Let the Nobles ^quoth they)ierieas fouldiers; 
 '• let themtake weapon in hand, and abide the brunts and hazard', ofwar, who receive the pro- 
 "fits, the prizes andrewards thereof, Bot(.oncrary-wife the Senate peniue and furcharged with 
 C this twotold fear, as weiltrom citizen as enemy befought theCooiui Sei vi/ins (a man by nature 
 more affable and popular) Thathe would providefor the fafecy of the Common-weal, beiet as 
 it were round witnlorcarful perils. Then the Confuldifmifled the Senate, and came forth into 
 the affcn'vy of the pcopie, where he Ihewed what care the LL. of the Senate had for the good 
 ofthc^ommons : '■'■ But v^hiles they were (quoth he) bufy in confnltation for the greatelf p.ut 
 *' fi conteis) of the City, and yet in tiuth nj more but a part, it fell out fo in the mean while, 
 " that ot n^celTity they mulf fee to the whole body of the Common-wealth, whereof they Hand 
 " in exceeding fear. Seeing therefore the enemies were almolt hard at the gates, they could not 
 '< polUbly do or intend any thing before war. Neither (if there ihould be any refpite and leafure 
 *' granted^ were it either for the commons credit and honelf y, not to fight for their Country, 
 £)" unlefs they bad their pay befote hand ; nor well beleeming the Nobles and for their reputatir 
 '' on, to look unto and take order half ily , to redrefs the miteries and calamities of their citizens 
 " uponfear, rather than afterwards with good deliberation, for love and of willing mind. This 
 fpeech of his heconhrmed with an edi6't, by vertue whereof, he gave fireight commandment: 
 Intfrimisi that no man fliould keep bound or in prifon, any citizen of i^o;;>v, but that he might 
 be enrolled before the Confuls. Jtem^ that no penon flaouid hold in poflefllon, or fell the goods 
 of any fouldier, fo long as heabode inthecamp, nor arrelf his children or childrenschildreno 
 This ediil being once publifhed and proclaimed, not only the enthralled debtors there prefent, 
 were immediately by name enrolled, but alfo from all parts ofthe City, they leapt quickly out of 
 their hoiifes. feeing that now their creditors had no right nor power to detain and arrelf them^ 
 ■£ and ran into the market place for to take a military oath of alleagean.e, to be true fouldiers and 
 faithful to the State. A number there was of thefe : neither was there any that more manfully 
 behaved and quit themfelves or took more pains in the Vo fcian war. Then the Conful led fortli 
 his power againit the enemies, and within a little of them incamped him.eif. The night follow- 
 ing, theVoifcians prefuming upon the variance and difcord oftheRomans, affailed the tents, if 
 haply in the night feafon any ofthem might have been wrouoht,to abandon the camp.and come 
 tothem, ortoprailifeany treafon. Butthe Sentinels defcried them, and rponallarm given, the 
 whole army arofe, and every man made half to his weapons. Thus came that enterprlfe of the 
 Volfcians to nothing. The relf ofthe night both parts relied, and vvere quiet. On the morrow 
 by break of day, the Volfcians having filled upthetren.h, alVailed the bulwarks andrampiers. 
 p And by that time they had on every hde plu:ked up the fences, pallifadoes, and other fortifirati* 
 ons, the Conful who for ail he was called unto inftantly on every hand, butofthedebtorsafore- 
 faid efpecially abov e the reft, to give the fignal, and to found the battel, made iV-me ftay on pur- 
 pofe to try the courage of his men : and feeing well now their forwardnefs and their If omacks, 
 at length gave them a token to rufli forth, and foletceth them loole, as eager to fight as might 
 be. So at thevery hrft onfet the enemies were prefentlydiuomiited and put to flight : thefooc- 
 men followed hard upon them in chafe and as they could reach, wounded them behind on their 
 backs, and kiled them : the horfemenlikewife purfued them even to their pavillions, wholfill 
 feared ex'eedingiy what might be' omeof theni : and within a while their very camp alfo, en- 
 vironed about vy ith the legions, and abandoned ofthe Volfcians themfelvesfor fear, were forced' 
 G and lifled. The next day following, the legions marched to Sueffa Pometia. for thither the ene- 
 mies wereP.cd: and within tew dayes the Town was won, and put to the fack, and thefpoiland 
 pillage given away : wliereby the needy fouldiers werefornewhat refreflied. The Conful in great 
 glory and i->onour brought bac^ his victorious ivmyio Rome. In his way homeward the Ambaflfa- 
 dors of The Ere<yiay Kclfcia^s dillriilting their own State, upon the loffe ot Pometta, came unto 
 him. To whom after confnltation had with the Senate and a decree paffed, peace was granted: 
 but they were fined to part with their Lands, Immediately upon this, theSabins alio put the 
 
 F Romans
 
 i he fecondBoo\of TXAv'ms, 
 
 Romans in alright, and in every deed it might be called a tumult, rather then a war. For word H 
 was brought in the night leaion that an army ot the Sabins were come in a rode,ar far as the river 
 ^>/,o,robbing,rpciiing and burning all the villages and hamlets as they went.Forthvvith was lent 
 ihicherthe whox power ot horles under the conduct of ^,/'r_/?/:;yw/7.'/;Who in the Latin wsr had 
 been Dictator. Atter him toilowed the Coniul ^ervilms with a thol'en regiment of footrr.en. Mo(t 
 of the enemies as they ranged abroad a forraging in fcatcering wiie were by the horfemen lurpri- 
 zed and incloled.And whenthe Infantry belides marched againrt the Sabins legion, they were not 
 able to reh(t: for being tired out,parily with their long journy-and partly with plundring all night 
 long, and m^any of them haviiig overcharged themfehes with meat and wine within the viilagesj 
 had hardly (Irengch enough to run away.Thus the Sabin war in one night was heard of and end- I 
 ed.The day foLowing,when as now the Romans were in good hope that they had peace on every 
 fidc; behold the Amuncan Embafladors came into the Senate proclaming war,un':els they would 
 forgo the VolfJianlandsj and redore them to their rightful owners. Ardevenat onetime with 
 the EmbafTadors was the army alfo of the Auruncans abroad, and had taken the field. The news 
 whereof.and namely, that they were now in light not far from >4r/f/.i, railed up the Romans in lb 
 great a broil and hurliburly, that the Senators could neither be confuited with, and deliver their 
 opinions in order, nor yet give a peaceable anfwer to thole that came as it were with weapon in 
 hand, being thus forced to take arms themfehes. Soto ^nVi/jdireft yin warlike mannerthey 
 march, ar.d not far from thence they joined battel with the Auruncans. And in one day that war 
 had alfo an end, : K 
 
 Thus when the Roman fouldiers had gotten vif^ory within fo few days in fo many places, and 
 had now defeated the Auruncans, they looked for the promifeof the Conful,and the faithful per- 
 formance of it by the Senate. At what time Applets both upon a proud (tomack, and arrogant 
 fpiritothisownby nature, and elfotodifcredit anddifanulthe word of his fellow Conful, in all 
 a ilions of debt proceeded- and gave judgement with rigor againlt the debtors. Whereupon, 
 both they that had been before imprifoned, were delivered again into their creditors hands, and 
 other alio became priloners anew Whereat when as a rouldier, whole cafe ic was thus hardly to 
 be dealt withal, called upon the Conful his fellow for help, they ran ah at once to Servihus, ac 
 h,is hands they claimed a promife: every one upbraided and reproached him with their fervice 
 in war, with their tears there gotten, requiring that he would propole the matter again unto the L 
 Senate, and as a Conful, fuccour and protedl his Citizens ; or like a General, maintain his fouldi- 
 ers. Thefe matters no doubt, moved the Conful : but lb Itood the cafe that he could neither will 
 nor chufe, but diffemble, deal double, and temporize with them : lo fuily benc.and wholly wed- 
 ded to the other part,was not only his colleaguejbut alfo the whole failion of the Nobility.Thus 
 by bearing himfeif as a Neuter, and going as they fay, between the bark and the tree, he neither 
 avoided the hatred oftheCommons,noryet wonfavour with the Nobles : whiles the Nobles 
 took himfor a foft and bafe minded Conful, feeking topleafe all parties, and the Commons foe 
 as crafty and falfe diflembler : infomuch as within a fliort time it appeared he was as much hated 
 of the people as v^/i;)/;//. For, theConfuls hapned on a time toftrive, whether of them twain 
 flaould dedicate the Temple of -/!/(Tc/<>-7. The Senate put over the deciding ofthis matter from M 
 themfehes unto the people: and decreed withal, that to whether of them the dedication of the 
 Temple was by the peo) les eledlion granted, he fliould over and behdes have the charge to pur- 
 vey corn and viftuals. he fhould eredt and inlfituie aColledge orfellowlTiipof Merchantsandhe 
 in flead of the high Prieft, fhould undertake the folemn tealls or i'edival days. Then the people 
 gave the dedication of the Temple to M.LeBorius^z principal Centurion of the vanguarduvhich 
 as it ea fly appeared, was done not lb much to grace the man, as who had an higher office be- 
 Howcd upon him, then was fit for one of his degree and calling ; as to difgrace and deface the 
 Confuls. Hereat- one of the Confuls, yea- and the PatncH ftormed and fumed exceedingly againft 
 the Commons. But the Commons took heart unto them more and more, and began to proceed 
 far otherwife, and to take another courfe then they purpofed at the beginning : for defpairing of f^ 
 the Confuls and Senats help, when they faw a debtor fued and broucht to the bar, f hey would 
 run flocking from all parts together, fo that the Confuls fentence and decree could not be heard 
 for the noife and clamour. And dereeor judgewhat he would, no man would obey. And fo vio- 
 lently they went to work that in prefenceofthe Conful, the creditors were fingled out evil en- 
 treated, and mifufedofthe Commons, being many together. Sothev\hole fearand hazzardof 
 the main chance evenofliberry it felfe, was now altogether tranfl.ated fomthe debtorstothe 
 creditors In the very neck of thefe troubles, there arofea fearofthc5abinwar, and when it was 
 determined there fliouJd be a mufier of fouldiers, nomanwo'Md ^nHvcrtohisnameandbeen- 
 --(,-„ ;„. rolled. All this while Afpius raged and took on, " inveying birrer'iy againft the ni; ety and popu- 
 rc&ive». ' larity ot his brother Conful. who with his keeping filence fordifpieal^ng the people- by his fof: q 
 |r»;(»ftlusfai- '• carriage of himfelf, h ad betrayed the Weal-publick, and over and befides that, he had not mini- 
 lawCoaful. <; fjjg^j juftice for theloane of money, nor dealt according to law in that behalf, he had brought 
 *' the matter fotopafs that he could take no mufter' by vertue of thedecreeofthe5'enace.How- 
 "beir (faith be)the Common-wealth isnot wholly forfaken and forlorne, nor yet the Confular 
 ''authority urterlv oft.^o vnand tr-^dden under foot: for he vvoud himfelf alone, if there were 
 *'no tnorelj'jt he,defend and maintain both his own place^and the Senators dignity.Whenasthe 
 
 multitude
 
 ^ Tbe/econdBooJ^ofT,iAvins. (?t 
 
 J TA miilcicude therefqre flood thus malapertly,as their dailymanner was.aboiic the bar.he commanded 
 one principal Captain ot fedition to be attached and hadavvay:and as he was haled to prifon by 
 ttie Sergeants and Lidors he appealed. Neither would the Conl'ul have given place to the appeal 
 (for all he Knew the people how they were bene, and what their doom would be) had nothis ob- 
 (linate iiitfnefs with much ado been overfwayed more through the dif.ret advilef& authority of 
 the ch ief nobles & Lords ot the Senate.,than by the clamorous noife &: menaces ot the multitude: 
 fo rel'oiute was he;and his heart lb couragious- to undergo their ill will and heavy dilpleafure.Thus 
 grew the milchiet' more &: more daily, teliified not with open mouth &: broad ipeethes only.buc 
 alfo fwhich was more pernicious and dangerous) by tonventiclesjecret meetings,andconferen- 
 B ces.Atlengthihefe CoH.fo odious unto the Commons.went out ot their ofHce, to wit, y^ppisj.a. 
 man wonderous well affeited of the Nobles, Serviliw liked neither of them nor the Commons, 
 After whom A.VirginiHs^zndl .Fetttfitis tnmd their ConfulOiip. But then thcCommons not 
 knowing what manner ot Confuls they fliould have,began to allemble together by night ,lbme in 
 EfqmltAtOxhzzs in the Ave>?tiHc:io the end,they might not be unprovided and to leek upon a I'ud- 
 dain,whatto do in the common place, nor manage their buhnels hand over headland at a venture. 
 Which the Confuls I'uppofmg (as it was indeed) a perilous example and of ill confequence, pro- 
 pounded the matter before the Senators: but when' they had projiofed it, they could not orderly 
 ask their advife what was to be done : they took fo on-and kept fuch outcry and damour at it, on^ 
 all hands fretting and fuming, that theConluls fhould lay upon the Senate the burden and heavy ' 
 Cloadofthat, which properly they by vertueoF their authority and office fliould execute and per- 
 form themfelves:and-furely-,if there were any Magiftrates in the City(fay they)there would not be" 
 ihusfutfer^ in Ror/ie any other couniel but publick:whereas now the Stateis div ided into a thou- 
 fand Coupes and conventicles: whiles fome have their meetings and aflemblies in Ef^Miita-, others 
 in Aventtne: AfTuredly one only man indeed (for that is more than a Conful) fuch a one as Apfus 
 Ciaiidt0s wiS; would loon ditpatch, and in one minute of an hourfcatterthefe their unlawful af- 
 femblies. The Confuls upon this rebuke and check, replyed again and demanded in this manner: 
 And what would you have us to do (quoth they) for we are refolved to do nothing flackly and 
 cold!y,buc with ^s great courage and diligence as fhall be well liked of the Senators. Whereupon 
 ab order paffed, that they fhould take mufterand levy fouldiers with all rigour and feverityraddin*' 
 P moreover, that the Commons with idlenefs and eafe were grown over-malapert and too licenti- 
 ous. And when the Senate was difmiffed> the Confuls went into the Tribunal & took their places, 
 and fummoned by name all the * younger fort to appear: and none making anfwer to his name5the * From 17 
 multitude landing about as it had been to hear Ibme publick Oration,faid plainly,that theCom- y"" of Sgeto 
 mons from thenceforth would be no longer deluded, and that the Confuls fliould never get fo *7. 
 much as one tbuldier^unlefs they would ftand to their word, and make good the promife that pu- 
 blickly before was made, and reflore to every man again his liberty, before they caufed them to 
 take weapon in hand : to the end, they might fight for their country and country-men,and not for 
 their LordlikeMaHers.The Confuls faw well what they had in commilTion from the Senate & that 
 of all thofe who within the Councel houfe walls Ipake lb (foutly &gave cutfo great words, there 
 E was not one prefent to take part of this odious malice of the people. And like they were to have 
 a bitter fit and croel broil with the Commons. They thought good therefore ere they tried the 
 worft,and dealt by ex'.remity,onceagain to askadvifeof theSenate,and toconfer with them.Buc 
 then all the younger fort of the Senators, approached by mukitudes, hard almofl to the Confuls 
 feats, willing them to give over their Confulfliip, and to refign Up their rule and author! ty, to the 
 maintenance wherdof they lacked courage. Now when the Conluls had fulficiently weighed and 
 tried both wayes-thus at length began they and faid. A grea?; fedition and comrnoiion is toward, ^ ^ ,. . 
 my LL. To the end therefore that ye pretend not ignorance,and lay anocher day ye were not fore- tween'tir con' 
 told ofit-thereisa great fedition and commotion toward. We requite therefore that they who i-iis a-id die " 
 find greatelf fault with ourremiflenefs and lack of courage , aflifl us and fit with us while we take psop'c. 
 Fthemurters: and finceyou will needs have itfo, we will execute it according to their minds thnc 
 aremortearneft and levereR. Then come they back again unto the Tribunal, and commanded on 
 fet purpofe. one ot them that were there in fight to be cited and called by name. But he rtood (till 
 and held hi; peace, with a company of men gathered round about to guard him, for fear he 
 fhould have fome harm or violen.edoneunto him. The Conful then lent a Scrge.mc to attach 
 him, wlio being repu'led off, then thofe Nobles which fate there on the bench to afllif the Con- 
 fuls, cried out upon the fhamefol indignity, and faid it was intoUcrable, and fo ran down in h.^.fl: 
 from the Tribunal feat, for to aid the Sergeant. But the violent rage of the multiiude,\vho let the 
 Liftnr alone, and only Hayed him t'rom laying hold on the man, turned upon thePatritians. So 
 that the ColT. were fain to (kp between, and then the fray was appealed. In which, there being 
 Gno rtones flying -.bout their ears, nor weapon drawn, there was more clamor, brawling and cha- 
 fing thtm any iTutt done. Then was the Senate houfe called in agreat hurry : and with more con- 
 fu.''on fat they there in Councel: whiles they that pretended how they were biaten and mifufed, 
 requi'ed that commiffioners fhould fit upon this riot and make due inquiiition : and the (louceft 
 of them gave their determination, as much by clamor and noife,as by fentence and opinion ground- 
 ed upon reafon. Ar laR, when thetempelt was overblown and their heat allayed, andthatthe 
 CoH. nit them in the teethjand reproved tbem, faying there was alittledifcrecion and gravity in 
 
 p 2 their
 
 -2 7 befecond Bool\of T.Livius, 
 
 their Court and Councel-houfe, as in the common Hall, they began in the end to conrukotderly H 
 and three opinions there were amcngft them, 7-'. ^/rg/«;w would not have it a common and gene- 
 ral cafe (to wit, that all debtors fliouid be relealed from their creditors) but his adviie was, that 
 they fhould only be conhdered, who relying upon P. Servihus the Conful his word and faithful 
 promile, had ferved in the wars of the Voikians, Auruncans and Sabins. T. Largirs-, he fuppofed 
 and thouoht this, that it was not a time then to make amends only for good deferts^and r.o re!pe£l 
 them alone that had done well, and to recompense good fervice : but for as much as the Wiiole 
 commonalty was deeply engaged and plunged in debt unielsthey were all provided for-and good 
 ordertaken for them every one,there would be no quietnefs nor end of troubles: yeajandfthat 
 whish more is^ in cafe they be not all alike regarded, but lome debtors in better condition than I 
 othets,thedifcord would ratherbe more kindled than quenched. AffiusClandms &mznhoi\\oi 
 natural difpofition fierce and cruel, and alfo by occalion made more outragious,necied with the 
 Commons hatred againrt him on the one hde, and tickled with the praife and commendations of 
 the Nobles on the other fide, who ever magnified him and lift him up to the skie, fpake to this 
 effeft : '' Thefe fo great ftirs and mutinous hurliburlies- my Mafiers (quoth he) is not long of the 
 The Orv'ion « mifery and calamity, but only of too much liberty of the Commons : whoratheruponfatnefsr 
 of jjpuif a are grown wanton arid unruly -than lor any want unpatientand difcontent :and all this mifchief 
 Sen«c!^ "* "^ "no doubt is fprung of this, that they have liberty to appeal . For fo long as it is in their power to 
 " flie for help unto thofe that have erred as well as they, well may the Conful threaten and give 
 " out menacing words: as for any rule elfe or command they fhall have none among them.Come K 
 *• on rbereiore, let us create a Diilator from vvhom they cannot make their appeal. Then fhall 
 •* this furious rage,which now fetteth all on a light fire be foon hufht and quite extinguifhed. Lee 
 "mefeethen, who darebeat a Lictor, when he fhall well know, that he alone whofe honor 
 "andMajedy hefliall offend and abufe, hath power to fcourge him and take away his life. Many 
 men thought this fentence oi Affius to be very hard and cruel ; yea, and dangerous withal, in re- 
 gard of the late precedent oiVngimus and Vetufius. That other likew ife of Largius was thought 
 inconvenient, in takingaway all keeping of credit with the creditors. The opinion and advDtof 
 Vtratnius was fuppofed as well in one refpeft as in another mod indifferent and mean between 
 borh. But by reafon of the fa6lion and regard of private benefit, which aiwayes hath done hurt 
 and ever will, to publick Counfel, A^^ms prevailed, and he miffed very lirtle but he himleif had \\ 
 been made Diftator. Which ifithadcometo pafs,it would furely have eflranged and alienated 
 quite the hearts of theCommons, inthatmolt bufy and dangerous time : whenit happened that 
 the Volfcians,7Equians, and Sabins, were all up at once in arms. But the Confuls and elder Se- 
 nators, had great care and conhderation to chufe fuch a one, as might by mildnefs of his own na- 
 ture allay and qualify the exceeding rigour and fternnefs incident to Soveraign and abfolute au- 
 thority They eledi therefore robe DiitatoriAf^rc^^/^Vfrw the fon of Fi-Zf/z/f. TheCom.mons 
 albeit they faw well enough this Dictator created tor to turbe them, yet having got by his bro- 
 thers law, the benefit of Appeal, they teared no fevere and infolent proceeding from that houie 
 and name. TheEdiilbefides, that the Didatorfet forth , which was welneer all one with that 
 other of the Conful i'frW//«, much confirmed and fetled their minds. For fnppofing now, they M 
 bad more hold both oftheman, and alfo of his authority, and that they might with more confi- 
 dence rely themieK es on the one and the other, they gave over all deb jte,and entred their names; 
 into the muHer book: fo there were enrolled full ten legions. The like army for number was 
 never levied afore. Of which legions, the Confuls had the conduit of three a piece, andiheDi- 
 dlatorcommanded the other four: and high time, it was: for the war might not be deferred any 
 longer. The jf.quians had already invaded the territory of the Latins, and their Embaffadors 
 were petitioners to the Senate, either to fend fuccour, or to give them leave to put on armor 
 themfehesforthe defence of their confines, and frontiers. It was thought the fafer andfnrer 
 way, that the Latins without arming themfelves fliould be defended, than to permit them a^jin 
 to take weapon in hand. So the Conful Fetuftusvizs fent thither , and he flayed them from fur jq 
 therlorag-ng and wafting. For the jEquians were departed out of the plains, and trufHngrarl.cr 
 in the vantage of the ground, than in their weapons, Hood upon their guard, kept themfel. :s fafe 
 from danger, upon the high tops of the Hills and Mountains. 
 
 The other Conful who was gone againfl; the Volfcians , becaufe he would not alfolofe any 
 time.drew the enemy forth (by walling the country efpecially) to encamp himfelfneerer, and lo 
 at length to fight a field. Now was there a plain in the mids between both camps : wh(.'ie each ar- 
 my flood before their rampiers, embattelled, and ranged in array,with banners difplayed ready to 
 fighr. The Vol'cians were fomewhat more in number, whereupon they bcf :n battaildifoideredly 
 and as if they fet light by the enemy. But the Roman Conful neither adv.inccd fo. ward, nor 
 fuffered his men once to fliout and anfvver again, but charged them to Hand (til! with their jave- q 
 linsfiff in the ground, until the enemies were comewirhin the reach of hand f;|,ht,and,rlien to 
 lay ' r.^ot them luflily with their Iwords , all that ever they rorld. The Vol'cisns out otbreath 
 wit" running and fliouting,char«ed the Romans, who feemed for fear toftarda^onicd : bun after 
 they once perceived that they were hotly reencountred by them ag.'' 5 n,and faw the'.r iwords glit- 
 tering intheir eyes, they were Troubled therewith, as if they had been entrapped and !alien into 
 fome trains layed fo r them, andfo turned their backs. And by realon they came running before 
 
 to
 
 Ihe fecond Bool^ of T. Li vius. ^ ^ 
 
 A to baitail , their rtrength would not hold out now to run clear away : The Romans contraiy- 
 wilcj becaufeagainit the beginning of the fight they had (iood quiet, were t'relli ot body,and foon 
 overtook them thus overtoiled, won their camp by force, and alter they had dri\en the enemies 
 out from theni-e, chafed them into * Te/itre, and entred the Town pelmell one with another in a " Bslitn 
 medley the Victor together with them that were vancjuifhed.More bloudflied there was by exe- 
 cution ot them one with another, of all ages and fexes,as they came in their way than in the very 
 battail.A very few ^evenfu:-h as without weapon yeelded themfeives were fpared and pardoned. 
 Whiles thefe things were a doing amonglt the Volftians theDiilator diicomhced andput to 
 flight the Sabins with whom he had much cruel war: yea, and tor. ed them to abandon and 
 B quit their camp. For having fent his horfemen into the main battail of the enemies, which they 
 had biu nightly (irengthened within , and beliowed the ranks there very thin , and all tofiretch 
 out the wings on both lides more at large, he braketheirarraies: and when theywereonce dif- 
 ordered, the footmen came in upon them-* and in thefame brunt were they Malkrs of their 
 camp, and fo the war ended. There was not in thofe dayes a braver battail fought and more re- 
 nowned, (ectinjj afide that only at the lake i?fg/7/.'</. The Dictator rode in triumph unto the 
 City. Over and above the accullomed honors, both he and his po(!erity after him .were allowed ^ 
 a certain piace in the great Race or Theater, called CircHf^i'or to behold at eafe the I'olemn games, ^ 
 
 and there was fet the Ivory chair ofellate, called SelUcurulu- The Volfcians thus van- 
 quiflied, \o[\ the territory about FeLtrciad new inhabitants were len;. thither from the City to 
 Q people and totillthegrounds.l'o that itbecamea Colony. 
 
 Somewhat afterthis, there was a field fought with the ^quians, but in truth, full againft the 
 Con' ul his will , for that they were tociimbupa fieep Hill (totheirdil'advantige^ tortomeec 
 withtheenemy. But the Souldiers blaming him for trifling out, and making delayes, totheend 
 that the Dictator might be out of Office beforethey made return to theCiiy , and fo his 
 word and promife, like the Confuls betore him , fliould come to nothing; drave him per- 
 force to lead up his army^ railily and at adventure againll the Hills. This being an enrerprifc ill 
 ordered, and an error efcaped, tell out notwitbrtandingvery well through the cowardilc of the 
 enemy : who before they were come within fliot and the darts cart, amazed at the venturouf- 
 nefs of the Romans- forfook their holds which they had in mod defenfible places,and leapt down 
 rj into the valleys over againit them. There was booty& pillage good enough,and a bloudlefs victory. 
 Having fped thus fortunately abroad in three feveral wars , the Senators and Commons were 
 not carelefs of home-affnirs, what would be the iflue thereof. The Bankers and Ufurers, what 
 with favor, and what with fubtil and cautelous polity, had devifed aforehand and wrought fuch 
 means, as might rrnftrare and difappoint not only the Commons, but alfo the Dictator, and put 
 them by their expectation. For F'-^r/er/z/j, after the return of ^(?t»/?«/ the Conful^ dealt firlt and . 
 
 above all other matters and caufes at the Councel table , in the behalf of the people that had ^^* fp=«Mf 
 atchieved fuch vi£tories,and propounded to know their minds,Whatfhould be done with thofe D^ftator'in^ 
 cndebted, endangered, arid imprifoned pcrfons. "Which motion ot his being diflikcd and re- thcScnate. 
 "jested: I fee well (quoth he) that I cannot pleafe you, fo long as I perfwade to concord and 
 g" unity: vvifliyewill (trufi: me truly) e'reitbelong , that the commonalty of iJowt had more 
 '' Patrons and Advocates like my felf. As for me, I will neither bear my citizens any longer in 
 "hand to deceive them, norbe a Divftator in vain,to effect nothing. Civil difcord at home, and 
 " forrain war abroad, caufed the State to have need of this office. Now, when peace is gotten 
 " without^ behold it is (tofled and hindered within: yet had 1 rather beprefent at the fight of a 
 '• mutiny and infurredtion when I am a private perfon, than whiles I a n a Diilatcir. Thus went he 
 outoftheCouncei-houfe, and yeelded up his Didtatorfliip withal. The Commons faw plainly 
 what the matter was, and how uponadifcontentmentand grief that he took in their behalf, for 
 very pitty and compaffion-of them, he gave over the place: and therefore, as if he had fully dif- 
 chargedhimfelf of his faithful word to them given, (for that there was no default in him, but ic 
 p had been performed indeed) they accompanied him along home to his houfe with hearty affection, 
 praifing and commending him all the way they went. The Lords of the Senate began then to fear, 
 left if the army were broken up and difcharged,there would be fome fecret convcnticles,and new 
 confplracies contrived : therefore, albeit the murter=: were taken by theDiitaror: yetbecaufe the 
 fouldiers had fvvorn alleageance to the Confuls, fuppofingthey were ftill bound to warfare by 
 verrue of that o?-h, and pretending a colour that the i£quiansrenued war, they commanded the 
 legions to be Ld forth of rhe City. 
 
 This hartenedthefedition the fooner and fet it forward. At firft,as men laid, they complotted 
 ahd laid their heads together about murdering and making away the Confuh, to the end they 
 might be acquit o' their oath unco them : but afterwards being better fchooled and advifed.thac 
 G no mans conkience can be cleared of fcruple, and difcharged of an oath once taken,by committing 
 a finful ait and wori<ing mifchief, they withdrew themfeives out of the way by theperfwalion of 
 one Sicn'ut, and wuhout con^c of the Confuls, departed as far as Mount ^^rfr , on the farther 
 fideofthe River A^in, three miles fromtheCity. This is the more common report,_andgoeth ^jj* of che'*" 
 more currant, than thnt whereof P/p is the Author (namely, that the commons- retired them- commonsof 
 felvesto yiventine.) There, without any head or Captain, they encamped and fortified them- Rome into 
 ielvcs within a trench and rampier , andkept quiet for certain dayes, neither taking tior doing mouni s<uer^ 
 
 F 3 bartn ?
 
 \ A 7 hefecond Bool\of T.Livius, 
 
 barm ; as having caried with them fuch things only as were neceflaty for the iuQerance of their H 
 life. Great fear there was in the City, and in this mutual and reciprocal fear, all men were per- 
 plexed and to leek whxt to do. The Commons forlorn of their fellow Commoners doubted the 
 violence of the Senators : the Senators again Hood in fear and jealoulie of the Commons ihat re- 
 mained liill behind ; and wereinlufpenle whether it were better they abode liill among them, or 
 followed after their fellows. For [how long trow ye, will a multitude once disbanded ;reHin 
 quiet? Again, in cafe any forrain warfhouldarifeinthe meantime, whatmight enfue thereupon 
 in the end ? In concluhon, there was no hope behind to be looked for, but in the concord of citi- 
 zens: and therefore the commons one way or other, either by reafonable conditions or unrea- 
 fonable, were to be reconciled again and reduced into the City, there was no rem.edy. So it was i 
 thought good and agreed upon, that one Menenms jignppa (a fair Ipoken and eloquent man,gra- 
 cious withal and well-beloved among the commons, for that he was from them defcended) 
 fbould be fent as an Orator to treat with them. Who being received into thecamp,after that old 
 and harfli kind of eloquence in thofe dayes, fpake as men faith to this efFe6l-,and told this tale and 
 Agr. Menentui parable : " Upon a time (quoth hejwhen as in mans body,all the parts thereof agreed notjas noyv 
 hisOanonjo ^^ ^^^^ j^ j^^ one but each member had a feveral intent and meaning ; yea, and a Ipeech by it felf: 
 t c oramo . a Cq ij.befel,that all otherpattsbefides thebelly.thought much andrepined thatbytheircareful- 
 '*nels,labor andminiftery,all was gotten, and yet j 11 little enough to ferve it: and the belly it felf 
 " lying liill in the mids of them^did nothing elfe but enjoy the delightfome pleafures brought un- 
 *' to her.Whereupon they mutined and confpired altogether in this wife^That neither the hands K 
 '• fhould reach and convey food into the mouth-, nor the mouth receive it as it came, nor yet the 
 *' teeth grind and chew the fame. In this mood and fit, whiles they were minded to famifh the 
 " poor belly.beholdthe other limbs,yea,and the whole body befides,pined,wafled,& fell into an 
 '•extreme confumption,Then was it well feenthateven the very belly alio didjno fmalllervice;but 
 " ted the other pnrts,as it received food it felf: feeing that by working and conceiting the meat 
 " throughly, it digefteth and dillributeth by the veinsmtoall v arts, that frefh and perfedt blood 
 •• whereby we live,vve like, and have our full flrength. Comparing herewithjand making his appli- 
 cationto wit. how like this intelline and inward ledition of the body.was ro the fell Homack of 
 the commons, which they had taken and born againft the Senators, he turned quite the peoples 
 hearts Then began fometreaty of unity and concord: and among other artiJes it was conditioned l 
 and grantedj^that the Commonalty lliould have certain faired and mviolable Magiftrates of their 
 own among themlelves, fuch as might have power to aflift the Commons againft the Conl'uis : 
 Item^that it might not be lawful for any Senator to bear that office. So there were created two 
 Tribuns oFthc Tribunes of the Commons, C.Liamus and L, yilbi»us. And thefe ele6fed three other fellow offi- 
 common peo- (-^j.^ yj^jQ them. Of vvhom Sicinms-, the Author of the ledition or inlurreition was one,who were 
 ^^A< ""' ^^^ other twain is not for certain known. Some fay there were but two Tribunes created and no 
 more in the mount Sjcer-^ind that the facred law was there made concerning their immunity. 
 
 During thisinfurredion and revolt ofthecommons,5'/.G'j(7J«/and PofihumiKsComimus enter- 
 ed their Confu'fliips, In whofe time a league was made with the people oiLattum.Yoi the efla- 
 bliflVi! g whereof, one of the Confuls flayed behind at Rome : the other was fent unto the Vol- M 
 fcian war, who difcomfited and put to flight the Volfcians oiAntium^ chafing and driving them 
 into the Town Low^«/.i,which he won. And immediatly hetook Afucamnes aTov/d of the Vol- 
 fcians, and after that with great force affaulted Corwli. 
 
 There was in camp then among the flowre of gallant youths, one Cius Martins., a Noble 
 yong Gentleman, right politick of advife, aifive befides, and tall of his hands, who afterwards 
 was lurnamed ConoLmus. Whiles the Roman army lay at fiege before Cr,-ioli, znd wereamuzed 
 wholly upon the Towns-men within, whom they kept fjft fhutup, and feared no prefent danger 
 at all from any forrain war without : behold, all on a fuddain,the Volfcian legions that came from 
 Amium., aflaiied them: at which very inlfant the enemy alio fallied out of the Town. Which 
 ./l/^«/wfeeing,vvhoby good hap quartered and warded there,with a lufly bandofele6lmen,not j^ 
 only repreffed and Hopped the violence of thofe that iflued and brake upon him , but alfo whiles 
 the gatt ilood open, fiercely ruflied in himfelf: and having made a foul flaughter of people there- 
 by, at his firll entrance into the City, and caught up fire at a venture,flung it upon the houfes that 
 flood upon and about the walls Whereupon arofe a great outcry of the folk within the Town, 
 together with lamentable weeping and wailingof women and children, ascorrmonly is feen in 
 fuch a fright. Which at the very firft, both hardened the Romans, and alfo troubled the Volfci- 
 ans: and no marvel, feeing the City taken beforetheirfr.ce, for which they were come to refcue. 
 gtrioli forced. Thus weie the Volkijns of .:fm/»; defeated, and theTo.vnCorjo/jwon. hnd Marti»sthtoxio\i 
 hisprai eJomuch obfcured and Hopped the light ot^theConful his fame, that had it not been in- 
 graven in brafle for a remembrance and monument^Thdt there was a league with the Latines,and q 
 the fame made by Sf.C^JfutsiXone (tor that his companion was abfent) there had been no record 
 at all but forgotten quiteit had been, that ever Sf. ComtniH^ warred with the Volfcians, 
 _. . , , The lame year died Afenemus Aimppx^ a man all his lite time before beloved indifferently of 
 Mcnoiiui A ^^^ Senators and the Commons: but after the inlurreition , much more dear unto the Com- 
 gtippi, and his mons than before. This truce-maker, this mediator for civil attonement, this Embaflador and 
 poverty. Meflenger from the Senators to the Commons , this reconciler and reducer of the Commons 
 
 home
 
 J he fecond Bool\^ of T. Livius. i-,^ 
 
 A home againinto the City, had not at his death fiifficient to defray the charges ofhis funerals ; the 
 
 Commons therefore made a purle and a contribution of a ' Sextant by the poll, and were at the * The (mpjrc 
 coft to inter and bury him worihipfuiiy. , of As, halt a 
 
 After this were made Confnls, '^XngMiw-, and P, Minutim. In which year when all was quiet ^'"'^'"6 "' «"c 
 abroad for any war, and the diflentionat home healed np clean , and skinned : another cala- "^ * 
 mity tar more grievous entred the City. Firli, a dearth of corn, and all manner of visuals, by 
 reaion that the grounds uponthedepartureot the Commons were neglected and untilied. Here- 
 upon infued famine, e^en luch as uluaily is incident to men beheged. A^nd verily the houfliold of 
 bond ervants, yea, and the commons too, had utterly penllned tor hunger if the Confuls had not 
 B in time made the better provifion : by lending purveiours all abroad to buy up corn , not only into 
 Betrurta-, by coafting along the river on the right hand from Hoftui, and on the left hand by Sea, 
 (pafling through the Volfcians Country) even as far as Cumes: but alfo into SwJy , there to lay 
 forgrain. Such wasthehatred oftheborderers chat j?owf wasenfored tohaveneedoffuccor 
 and reliet from afar. Now when they had bought certain corn at C^ww, it wasnofoonerem- 
 barkedjbut the rtiips were tlayed and arre(kdthere,by Arifiodemusx.'ns. tyrant for the goods of the 
 Tarijuins , whole heir in remainder he was. In the VoHcian Country and /'(;»;;>f/««w, they 
 could buy none for mony. There, the very,Purveiors themfelves were in danger ot violence, by 
 the men of the Country. Out of r»/Mw there came corn up the Tj-^.t, wherewith theCom- 
 mons were fultained and refrefhed. And confidering the (Ireights they were in for want of vi- 
 C\ (ftuals, they had been fore difirefled and vexed with wars behdes, and that in a very ill time, and 
 unfealonable tor them : but that the Volfcians, who novv were in readinefs, and upon the point 
 tomakewar . had a peliilence that raigned hot among them. Which heavy crofs and cfflidion, 
 the enemies were fo dillouraged with, that when the plague began to flay, even then they conti-' 
 nued lH;l afraid. 
 
 The Romans both at ^fZ/fre augmented the number of the inhabitants and alfo at Norb'H, fen- 
 ding a new Colony into the Mountains , to be a Fortrefs and firength for all the territory of 
 P5w/>/^<««>?j.Moreover,when M.MinutiustZc ^.5e/wpro/2/K/ were Confuls. great (lore of corn wrS 
 brought out oiSicdy. and it was debated in the Senac-houfe,at what price the Commons Ihould 
 beferved tiierewirh. Many thought the time was now come to wring the Common?:, and keep 
 £) them under, and to recover again thofe royalties, which by their departure were forcibly wretled 
 and diiinembred from the nobility. But above all others yl/-3m«/Ce>-/5/,?;?»/, an utter andca- /- ••/ 
 pitai enemy to the Tribuns power and authority, " If they will ^quoth he) have theircorn and veyeth'a'^a'in'ft 
 ••' viiluals at the old price , let them reftore unto the Senators their ancient right and prehemi- the Tribum. 
 "nence. Why feel ('as one brought under the yoke of fervitude, and put as it were unto my 
 " ranfome, by Robbers and Theeves) thefe MagiHrates of the Commons ? why fee I S!ciniusio- 
 "mighty? Shall 1 endure thefeindignities longer than 1 needs mull ( I that could not bear T^r-' 
 ^'- qmnii^s to be King, fhall Ibrookandfufter 5;n»/«/? Lpt him depart afide now, and take hisi 
 "• Commons with him : the way is open to Mount Sacer and other Hills : Let them carry away- 
 "witli them the corn out ofour pofleflions and Lordfliips, as they did three years ago: let 
 g" them enjoy, t.ike for their ufe, and fpend the ftore , which they in their foolery and fury have 
 "provided. I dare be bold to fay 5 that when they are by this calamity on:e tamed, they will 
 *' rather till and husband the ground themfelves , than with weapon in hand, and by way of in- 
 " furredtion. forbid and hinder the tillage thereof. I cannot fo foon fay , whether it had been a? 
 meet, as I fuppofe it waspoffible and eafy toeffeft, that the Senators by offering more gentle 
 conditions in the prices of corn andvi£tuals, might have eafed themfelvcN of the Tribuns au- 
 thority over them , and alio have been disburdened of thofe impolitions which will they, nill 
 they, were laid upon them. Well, this leemed to the Senate a fliarp cenfure and fevere fentence' 
 of Coriolanus^ and for very anger alio it had like to havecaufed the Commons to rile up in 
 arms. For they muttered and gave it out in thefe tearms , "■ That now they were laid at and Themurmur- 
 F" aflaiied with famine like enemies, defraudedandbereft of their meat and pittane: that the ing o< the 
 *' outlandiQicorn, the only fuftenance and food which fortune had minidred unto them beyond f'>mmon$ a- 
 "all hope, was fnatched and plucked Irom their mouth?, unlefs the Tribuns be delivered and ^''"''^ cmoU. 
 "yeelded Prifoners hand and foot botind to C. Meimus^ unlefs he might have his pennyworths '"' 
 *' of the back and flioulders of the Commons of Rome. For he was now Hart up and become 
 *• their tormentor and hangman, to command them either to death, or to fervitude. As he went 
 out of the Councelhoufe, they had run upon him with violence, but that theTribnn?, as good 
 luck was, ferved him with procefs in time, to appear at a day, and cometo his anfwer. Here- 
 with, their I'urious anger was fuppreffed. For novv every man faw,that he was himeif to be the 
 judge and Lord ofhis encmicslife and death, yl^^rf/wjatthefirftfcorned the Tribuns thundering 
 G threats, and gave the hearing, as though he made fmall reckoning thereof, fa; ing * That iheir au- 
 thority had power granted by limitation, only to aid and not to punifli : that the Tribuns were 
 Tribuns to the Commons, and not to the Senators. Butfo fpighttully were the Commons bent, 
 and all fo fet upon mifchicf. that there was nootherrennedy,but one man muli pay for it to lave 
 & excnfe the rert of the Nobles.Howbeit.theSenators did what they could to wit hlbnd them: by 
 oppofing hatred and difpleafureagain.and making all means, what either privately they were able 
 of themfelvesjor joi^itly by their whole Order and degree,to procure. And tirft, thiscourfe they 
 
 aflayea
 
 J- 5 J hefecond BooJ{of T.Livius, 
 
 affayed to Hop and overthrow thefuit commenced ; namely, by fetting their follov\ers and re- H 
 tainers in fnnd;y places to deal with the Commons feverally oneby orx,5c whatihey could coaf- 
 fri<^hi them from mieeting? and aflemblies together. Afterwardf ,they came all f ith at once into 
 the Fo«<w; or common place. A man that had feen them would have laid they had been the par- 
 lie? themfelves in trouble and acculed, ready to hold up their hand at the bar : luch praying. I'uch 
 a bel'eei bing they made ot" the Commons, in the behalf of this one citizen this only Senator; 
 that if they woUidnotin their love acquit himfor their fakes, as innocent and unguilty, yet they 
 would <>ive him unto them as an offender and faulty perlbn. In conclulion, when his day came, 
 he made default and appeared not, yet continued they (Hli in their angry mood againrt him. And 
 beinc condemned in his ab'en.e, for contumacy , departed into banifliment to theVolf:ians, I 
 menacing his own country as he went, and carrying even then with him the revenging Uomack 
 ot an enemy. 
 
 The VolCians at his coming received bim courteoufly, and friendly intreated him every day 
 more than ocher> as they perceived his anger more and more toward his couotry-men, by many 
 complaints he made of them,and threats withal that he oftentimes gave out againft them in their 
 hearing. He made his abode and fojournedin the houfeof ^c««* rw//«i,whoat that timewas 
 a mighty great man among the Vollcians , andonethatever bare mortal malice unto the Ro- 
 mans. And whilestheone of them wasprovoked with ano.d cankred grudge, and theotherlec 
 on and pricked forward upon a frefh quarrel and occafion of anger, they both laid their heads to- 
 gether and com plotted to make war upon the Romans. This only thing flood in their way to K 
 crofs their dehgns: They thought verily their Commons would hardly or fcarcely at all be 
 brought, to rife and take arms again, which they had fo often unhappily attempted: And befides, 
 their courages were well cooled,and their (lomacks abated. by the lol's of their youth in many and 
 fundry wars often times afore, and now at lalt, by the late peflilence and mortality. They were 
 therefore to go cunningly to work; that for afmuch as the od hatred againft the Romans was 
 grown out and worn away, their hearts upon lome new anger might be chafed and galled again. 
 There were by chance at that time in /iowf, the great Games and Playes in hand, to be fetouc 
 anew the fecond time, the occalion whereot was this . A certain houfholder one morning be- 
 times before the fhevvs and games began, had beaten with rods a poor flave ot his under the fork 
 which hecarried on his fiioulders, and driven him along through the mids of the C/rrw oi Thea- L 
 tre: and with that began the playes, as if there had been no matter therein of icruple or Religi- 
 on. But not long after, one T". !.<??/;«/«; a mean Commoner had a dream orvifion: Inwhichhe 
 thought that Ji/;>(ffr complained and laid, that the Danrer before the playes pleafed him never a 
 whit : and unleis thofe games were newly exhibited again .and that very ftateiy and fumptuoufly, 
 fome great danger fliould befall the City : willing him vvithii, to make relation hereof unto the 
 • Confu's. The man albeitin truth he was not without ff,me fenfe and feeling of Religion and the 
 fear of God: yetmjde he no fuch great kriiple at the matter,hut that the reverence he had of the 
 Majefly and countenance of the M'giftrates iormountcd ar.ddafhed it clean: for fear left haply 
 he fbo'ild '^ecome a talking Rock in mens mouths, and be mocked tor his labour. But this delay 
 andfleepingof the m.nter, he bought full dear. For within few daycs hi"? Ion hapnedto dye. M 
 And becaufe he fhould be out of doubt what wa.s the caufe of this hisloffe andfuddain mis- 
 fortune, whiles he was troubed in fpirit with angiMfh and forrovv, behold, the fame viiion ap- 
 peared to him again in his fleep, and feemed to ask him '.\herher he had not yet fufficiently paid 
 for this difohedience and contempt of God? threatning moreover, that in cafe he made no 
 greater haft to certify the Confulsthereol, there wasa greater judgment and plague toward, and 
 that very neer. Now vvas the t'line more evident than before, ard paft all pcradventure. How- 
 beit he neglei^ed and drave it off ftill, until he was himfelf overtaken with a grievous difeafe,and 
 brought to great weaknefs in all his joints. Then verily the wrath of the Gods taught him to be 
 wifer. And being overwearied with harms paft, and infearof moreprefentlytoenfue, he con- 
 ferred with his kinsfolk and friend> to be advifed by them. When he had declared unto themN 
 what he had fecn and heard ; namely, how Jupiter had fo often appeared unto him in his fleep, 
 and that the fearful difplcfure and threatnirgs of the heavenly Gods were fhevved plainly by 
 fundry mifchances fillen upon him: by the fuUconfent of all them that were about him, he was 
 brought in a lir:erto tbeCon uls , into the Fcr«w or common pbce, from wheiice by the Con- 
 fuls commandment he w,s carried into theCounrelhoufe^ Where, when he had made report 
 unto the "senators of the felffame things, to the ex.eeding wonder and admiration of them all, 
 fee another fttange miracle : He that was brou;:bt into the ^'eurte houfe a lame creeple of all his 
 iims^af'-erheh.nd once delivered hiscrrand.returncdhome tohlshoufe (as it is recorded) found 
 uponhi?'"cet. Hereupon the Senate decreed, That the Games fliouid be fet out as magnificently 
 as could '.~e devifed. q 
 
 To thefe fo'emnitics reforted . by the motion and perfwafior of Jccus TulUu!^ a great num- 
 ber of Volfcians. But before they were begun . T/^/Az/.r according to the complot between him 
 and Martius at home, made a ftep or errand unto the Confuk tz Rome, faying that he would 
 Amiu TuOmi vvi'ilingly Commune and treat with them apart ot importantaffairstonrerningtheState. When 
 to the Roniin the room was dear andeverymangone, be began in this wife: 'Loth I am, 'quoth he)ifother- 
 Cofiiul*. «' wife I could chufe, to fpeak ought but well of my country-men and fellow citizens. Yet come I 
 
 "not
 
 ThefecondBool\^ofT,Um\Jis, %1 
 
 A " not to complain ofanyadlon of their? already palTed, but to give a caveat, and provide that 
 " nothing ^epra(iti('ed hereaiter. The naturt and uiipoiuion CI may tell you J ot our people, is 
 "too too iinconltaiit and unhayed, more 1 know thanl would they were, agreat deal : thathavQ 
 " we found and kit to our j;reat colt and manifold dtm3ge,v\e ii'ay,vvho veriiy at this day by your 
 ^-longlufteranLe, and not by good deiert of ours , do l:jnd ingood terms nnd peace ot iarety. 
 *' There is now here a great multitude ofVoilciansthePiayes and G^mes ready to he reprefented 
 "and celebrate. Your City will be wholly amuied in tiiebetiolding thereof: Iremediberupon 
 *' the like occahon. what wasfomiimeseuttrprilcd and wroughc in tins Tity by the youth of the 
 " Sabins; and my heart doth tremb.e and quake for lear. citfomeinconf derate, rafh and fooufla 
 B " part be played by ours: thns much, O ye Confuls, I thought good in our hehaifand) ours both, 
 " to gi;e you notice of bctorehand. As fof me, I am minded preientiy to go from hence home, 
 '• leH i being here feen, might be thought in fome word or deed acceffary unto thsm, and fo cul- 
 " pable. Haling made this Ipeech hedeparced. When the Confuls had declared in the-Senacethis 
 thing fo doubtiul, and yet proceeding from the mouth ot fo fiire and certain an Author : behold, 
 the credit of the man (as commonly it is feen) rather than the likelihood of the matter, cauled 
 them to be wery and circumfpedt, yea, although there wasnofuchneedorcaufeat all. Where- 
 upon the Senate made an A>9:, that the Volfcians lliould be jogging out of the City. And divers 
 cryers or Bedies were fent out fundry wayes , to command thein to avoid and be packing before 
 night. Atthefirfl, the Vollcians were only much affrighted, andranevery manto andtro into 
 C his Inne to fetch away his things. B:k afterwards in the way homeward, they began to think 
 more and more of it, and to grow melancholy: thinking it a great indignity,ihat like polluted and 
 profaned perfons, they ffiould be driven from the Games, on feflivalholydayes, difcarded (as a 
 man would lay) and excommuni'.ate out of the company both of God and man. Thus as they 
 went along all on a row,as it were in one continued and joynt train, TmILhs (who was gone afore 
 asfarastheFfrf«/<«eheadJ received the formolf and chief of them, as every one came, and en- 
 tertained them with complaints and words of indignation, and drew both them who willingly 
 gave ear to his words fo fitly framed and tending to lYn more coles, and alfo by their means the 
 reft of the multitude. into a plain field. lying hard under the fiigh way fide. Unto whom,aflembled 
 together a,-; it were to hear a lermon, he thus began to fpeak: 'Admit (quoth he) you could for- 
 j) '> get the old wrong.^ and abufes offered you by the people of Romey the loffes and overthrows of '^"'.'**^«'''*s 
 '« the Volfcian Nation; yea and all the other quarrels whatsoever ; how can ye put up this dayes cry-™en°""' 
 " fpighcful reproach and difhonor received at ttieir hands ? who to our great difgrace and fhame, 
 *' have begun their folemn Games >Perceived you not how they have triumphed over you today? 
 " howasyedeparted ye wereafpeftacleand pageant to all men, citizens and ftrangers, andtofo 
 " many neighbour nations adjoyning?hovy your wives and childrenweiebroughtasit vvereina 
 '• (hew .to make them fport and to laugh at? what conceit was in their heads^think ye)that heard 
 " the voyce of the Bedle ? what thought they that beheld you as you diflodged? what imagined 
 ^' they that happened to meet this ignotninious troup as they marchedPEven this &; no other ,that 
 '' there was fome wicked fin among u.'^,not to be named, whereby we fliould as male.aflors, have 
 £ ''ftayned and polluted their games if we had been prefefit atthefightofihem^Si have committed 
 '•' fome haynous a<?t,that would require by fome fatisfaition offacriSce to be purged'and for thac 
 '^ cauleweredri^enfrom having any converfation,fellowlhip,andfociety ofgood and godly men? 
 " Over and befideshow can you chofe but think of this, That we enjoy our lives fUll,only be- 
 "caufe wehalfnedour remove, /"if this may be called a remove, and not rathera plaintaking ofa 
 "flight and running away.) And yet you reckon this no eneiny City- where, ifye had flayed but 
 "one day longer,you had dyed for it everyone. Defiance is given already and wr denounced a- 
 "gainflyou ; but if ye be men indeed of courage, to their great cofl and mitlhief that havede- 
 '* nounced it.Thus being of themfelves kindled enough with indignaiion.and by ihefe words en-, 
 flamed and fet on fire, they went every man his way from thence home: and fo cfteAually foliicited 
 peach one the people where he dwelt that in fine the whole nation ofthe Volfcians revoked and 
 rebelled. To manage this war, were chofen Generalcommanders by one confent of all the Cities? 
 yicciw TuiiKi.artiiCii. M_,rtitu the baniflied Roman: in whom ofthe twain they repofed greater 
 hope and this their hope failed them not. So as it loon appeared that the puiffance of theliate of 
 Rome confified more in the dexterity ofgood Captains, than in Itrong armies of I'ouldiers. For 
 firft he went to * Circeios, from whence he expelled the Roman Coloners, and delivered the City » j^jgntj q;^. 
 cleerand free unto the- Volfcians. Thenbycrofs wayeshepaffedinto the Latin ftreet, called ^4 cjUo, 
 Latin.r : nd regained from the Romans, thefe their Towns newly gotten afore, S.ttric^m,Lo>i^u- 
 la^ Pollufl a inACoridi. After this he wan Ltw^w^w again, and fo forward he forced * Co-/^o, »^— ^^ -^^^ 
 V.tel a, Trihi i Labi'-nt. and Pedum. And laff of all from Pcdum-^ he marched on toward the City ^j,,^ vique,. 
 G of R-,me. and at C/^/ <c Fv(f<c-, five miles off", he encamped and forraged the territory about, fen- 
 ding with the torra^t-rs fernin guides , to keep them from fpoyling and doing hirm in the 
 Noblemen!; Lands . were it rfiat he wer; more fpightfnl to the Commons or that thereby fome 
 difcord m'gh"- ?r''e between the Commonalty and the Senators : which doubtlefs bad foon ^^.,;^^^,j^,(,j^ 
 grown fo'mi?hri'v had r^^eTribun' already by their complaints and accufation^ , provoked fi«gsclj Romit 
 the Commons f-irward ■' who of them elves were flirewd enough) againflthe heads and Magi- 
 rtrates ofthe City, but thac the fear of forrain dangers , the greatetl bond of civil concord 
 
 that
 
 <8 
 
 7 hefecondBm}{ofT.Lvvias. 
 
 The anCwsr of 
 C'lriolanus to 
 the RjmanO 
 racors. 
 
 ihac-an be, held them in and knit their hearts together , were they never lb jealous, fiifpefted, H 
 and hateful afore one to the other. Herein only was all their difference, that the Senate and 
 Confulsrepofed hope in nothing elfefave only in war: the Commons on the other fide were de- 
 firousotanything whatloever, but war. _ . 
 
 Now were S.Nautms, and ^f.v.F^rmConfols: who as they were furveying and muflenng 
 the le"ions,and difpoling of a good CorfusdegmrdM'^on the walls,and other places wherein they 
 thought it'expedient to keep a ftanding watch and ward : behold a mighty number called and 
 cryed hard for peace.and with their fediiious clamors,put them in exceeding tear : yea, and after- 
 vvards/orced them to afTemble the Senate- houfe together, and to propofe concerning the fending 
 of certain Embaffadors to C». Martins. The Lords of the Senate feeing evidentlyithe commons I 
 hearts to failthem,accepted and granted the motion propcunded.Whereupon wereOratours fent 
 unto Martins to treat for peace. At whofe hands they received this heavy and (ioiit anfwer: 
 " If fo be the Volfcians had their Lands reftored to them again, then there might be fome p;rle 
 "and treaty of peace : but if they will needs at their pleafure ftill enjoy that booty whic h by war 
 "they have gotten, then would he in remembrance ot private wrongs done unto him by his 
 " country-men, as alfo of the friendfhip and courtefy fhewed him by firangers that hadgi^en him 
 " entertainment, do his beft to makeit known unto the World, that his courage and Homack is 
 " incenfed. and not abated and quailed by his banifLment. Then were the fame Embafladors fenc 
 again the fecond time.but they might not be admitted once to fet foot within the camp. It is re- 
 ported moreover that the very Prielfs in their Poyitificaiilrus^ in theirrich vefliments and goodly K 
 ornaments, went with fupplication to the tents ofthe enemies,and turned his heart no more than 
 the Embafladors had done before them. Then the dames ofthe City csme flocking all about Fe- 
 tuna the Mother, and Volumnia. the wife oiCoriolams. Whether this proceeded from any publick 
 Counfel and was done in Policy, or came only of womens fear) I find but little in anyrecords. 
 But howfoevcr it came about, this one thingis cenain, they perfwaded fo effectually with them, 
 that both Vcturta. an aged woman, and alfo F'ff/«w»«<« with her two little fons that fhehad by 
 Martius^ went toward the enemies camp, to fee if women by their prayers and tears, might fave 
 the City, which men with fpear and fhield could not defend. Whenthey were come into the 
 camp, and word brought to r(!r/o/.iw»^,thattheriwas an exceeding great train of women thither 
 arrived: at thefirft.he,asone that had relented,neither for that publick Majefty in the Embafla- L 
 dors, nor yet at the religious reverence,which he both conceived in mind and faw with his eyes 
 The fpeech of inthedergy, (food much more ftifly bent againft the tears oflifly women. But afterwards one of 
 Vamn unto his familiar friends, who had feen and known Veturia there, mourning and bewailing exceedingly 
 above the re(f , as flie flood betwixt her daughter in law and her little Nephews : '* If mine eyes 
 *•• be matches(quoth he)and deceive me not,here is your mother.your wife,and children.Whcre- 
 "at, ConoUtttis, fuming like a man well nearbelide himfelf, arofefrom his feat, and ran to meet 
 "his motherjand to embrace her. But the woman falling in flead of prayers into afitofcholer: 
 " Let me know (quoth fiie^lbefore I fuffer thee to embrace me, whether I am come to an enemy 
 *< or to a fon, whether I be in thy camp as a captive prifoner, or as a natural mother. And havel 
 " lived indeed fo long.and rubbed on ftill in this miferable old age of mine for this,to fee thee firft M 
 *' a banifhed man^and after that to become an enemy ? Couldft thou find in thine heart to wafte 
 *• and fpoil that countrey which bred thee, which foftered thee, and brought thee up ? And be 
 *' it that thou hither marched with a cruel intent and full of threats, would net thine anger and 
 '' fell wrath flake, when thou didlt fet foot within the borders and marches thereof? And being 
 *' come within the fight o( Rome, arofe not this in thy mind and thought , Within thofe walls 
 " yonder is my houfe, there are my houfe-gods, my mother, my wife, my children ? Why then, 
 " belike if i had neverbeen a mother, and born a child, ^(?»;f had not been affaulted. And if I had 
 ** no fon at alK I might have died well enough inmy nativecountrey,whilesit remained free. Buc 
 *'as forme, neither can I fuffer ought, more for thy difhonefty and fliame ; nor more to mine 
 *' own calamity and mifery than this: and mod wretched caitife though I be, yetlongtimefo Ijq 
 «' cannot continue. But for ihefe here, look thou well to it, I advife thee,and have pitty of them, 
 '* who if thou go on asthoubeginnefl, are like to feel untimely death, or endure long captivity. 
 Then his wife and children hung about him, and clipped him: whereat the women fell a weep- 
 ing on all fides, bewailing their own cafe and the ftate of their countrey. So as at length the 
 man wa« overcome. And after he had taken them in his arms likewife, he let them go : and him- 
 felf d'flodgcd nnd removed his camp backward from the City. When he had withdrawn the 
 legions out ofthe territory of Rome, he gat himfelf, men faid, fuch hatred and dilpleafure for this 
 a<5Hon, thatitcoft him his life: and murdered hewas,fomereportone way, fome another. Buc 
 I find in F.ibius a moft ancient writer, that he lived until he was an old man : who reporteth this 
 of him : That oftentimes in his latter dayes he ufed to utter this fpeech , A heavy cafeandmcjl q 
 wrctcl ed.for aH a'jcd.man tolive hanilht. The men of ^owf envied not thofe women their due de- 
 fervedpraifes. Sofree was the world in thofe dayes, from depraving and detrafting the glory of 
 others. For in memorial hereof to allpofterity, there was a Temple built and dedicated cofor- 
 th-!'^ Muliebri'.i. Womens fortune. 
 
 After all this, the Volfcians joyned the jEquians unto them, and returned into the territory of 
 Rome. But the jEquians would no longer abide .^m»j to be their Commander. And upon 
 
 this 
 
 her Ton Marti- 
 us combnuf.
 
 The/econdBool^ofT.Livhs, 50 
 
 A thisttrife between the Vollcians and i€qui.tns> whether ot them fliould appoint a General over 
 the army r.ii;ed joymlyot them bcth,hrh they grew tea mutiny, and afterwards to a trucl battel. 
 Such was the gooiltorciine o; the people otA'yw., th-t two j:mics of their enemies, were thus 
 by civil dixofd .ind contention, no ieis mortji than obliinate, overthrown and brought to 
 naught. Conmi.: then, were / . Sicimpu and ( . Aqudmi. To Skmltts were allotted the Volfci- 
 ans: and to A^h lHsX.\\^Wtm\Vi (who ai^o were out .md up in arms) Tor their lei eral Province. 
 That year were theHerniks wmquillied, but with tiie VolLi.ins they loughc lo, as they departed 
 on even hand^ giv ingand taking the like. 
 Alter them were .V/i. C-.///«/, and Proc:dHiV!rg<nmsm!iA?.Q.ov\\\^%. Then was there a league 
 B concluded with theHerniks, and two third pans ot their Lands were taken from them. Where- 
 of the one moity, Cfius the ConUil was minded to diliribute among the Latins, the other a- 
 mont', the Commoners. To this donation he laid too alio a good portion ofgronnd, whiih be- 
 ing Commons by right, he tonnd muth tault, that it vvas in the tenure and poffcfTion ol private 
 perfons. This ad ot hismadediverleof theSenatcrs, namely, fu.h as were great landed men 
 and intereffed therein, to (tart. e tor fearofhazaidingtheireliate. Over and beiides, the Senators 
 all in general were in great pej-plexity, ie(t that tht Confulbythislargers, fhou d rife by popular 
 favour to luch greatnefs , as might prejudice thtir iree hold? yea and endanger the very main 
 chance of publick liberty. And this was thefirH time that the law ^y^nir/d waspubilTied: and Thelaw^^r.i- 
 fo forward unto this prefent hour, ic was never debated of, but with exceeding gre^t (firs and '"» hrft puWi- 
 C troubles of the State. The other Confil with;, ood this largefs; with the general confent of the ',jg ,'^c j"-]"." 
 Senators, and without contrididion (tfome Commoner- : who at the very hrft began to millike, on ot waft 
 and utterly abhor, that the donation wasfo common and from thenatural citizens, extended to lands among 
 their allies and confederates. Moreover, they might ottentimes hear even theConfulhimfelf the CommoiK. 
 i^r^»«<a/, openly in his foicjnn Orations betore cue people, to deliver by way of prophetic, and as 
 it wereto prognolficate, '*■ 77i<J- rhts was up^ftihw Urg-efs of ha brother Conftd^ and tl-af tbofe ^^"V»"isi- 
 "" grounds would in the CKd eath"^il the t^ke>:< thereof^ ar.dtbMitwoithev^ryhighwAytttfittifti ^„y„-.. 
 '' Kingdom a^Aifi. For totvoat other iy.tent ( t -pray yon ) were their allies^ and the nation of the Lc- 
 ^^ tins iiffoci Ate tn the fame} To vf'a' p.tpij: cither , vnM athiydpurtofthsL^ndswanbyconqHeft^ 
 " jf /■!'?« again to the Hernik^p^ofeffiden-antes but awhdc h fore^ but that thefe yiatiom mtq^ht have 
 p " C.iflius to be fuch another C'-ptaiK of theirs^ as Coriolamis was. And thus by dill wading and 
 crolTing the law Agraria, he became now to be popular and gracious with the people. Then 
 both Confuls flrivcd much, who might pleafe and gratify the Commons moft. F.ririnifts, by gi- 
 ving out that he would maintain and fuffer theLands to be di'. ided,fo they were afligned to none 
 but to the citizens oiRome: Caffitis sgim-, who in the largefs of the Lands. I'eemed to Court and 
 infinu3te himfelfwith the allies and thereby wasofthecitizen.^ ItH'e regarded and reputed to the 
 end, th.u by fome other benefit he might regain the hearts of his vountry men was of opinion, 
 and made a motive, that the mony which was received for the Sicilian corn, flvonld be rep.iyed 
 unto the people. But the Commons rcfufed and abhorred that , as a very bribe and re^dy bait 
 for a Scepter and Crown. So greatly were all his gifts, forthe deep rooted lufpition cindjealoufy 
 E ofhi-;alpiringto a Kingdom, loathed in the conceits of men, as if they had flowed in vvc.iltb,and 
 been rich enough. And for certain it is recorded, that fo loon as he lefthibOfifi.e, he wj.'-- con- 
 demned and put to death. Some report, that his own father did the execution : andthatupon sp.caffinspuz 
 examination privately had at home within his houfe, he finding him faulty, whipped him n"ri[_,and 'S" ^^"^ ^°^^ 
 fo killed him, and confe^rated the goods and chattels of his fon, as a Deodaid to C'-res, whereof a kLT^ 
 Statue or Image was made, with this Inkription or Title , Given out of the hoi'f: ofCafms. I find 
 in fome records ('which foundeth nearer to the truth) that he was by the * Q^ielf ors o\C.afo Fa- » Trearurers 
 /v;/r,and L. Vdenus^ endited oftreafon, and being ronvi6fed,was by a verdict af the peopie con- o'the City, 
 demned , and his houfe by order from the whole City, rated and pulled down. And at this day, 
 it is the voyd yard that lieth before the Temp'e of /"(■// .f. But howfoeverhe had histryaland 
 F judgement, privateiy or openly condemned he was when Sir. Com litis and Q^ F^rbius were Con- 
 luis. Long continued nor the peoples anger and fpight againff C^yT?,'//, Solvvect was the law 
 Agrari^i in it felf,that when the Author and I'.pho.derihereof was out of the World, they long- 
 ed to have it on foot again. Which dehre of theirs was the rather fet on fire, through the pinch- 
 ing niggardifeofthe Senators, who having that year iubdiied the Vo.Rians and yEquians, kept 
 the fouldiers faffing, and defrauded them of the (poil. For whatprizes foeverwere gotten from 
 the enemies, the Conful f ihim fold and brought into the Exchequer or Chamber of the City. 
 Now was the nameofF ''//already odiousto the Commonalty, for the lah ConfrN Take': 
 yet obtained theSenato-^s fo much, and he'd rheir ownfo,as r<e/^f^^;«/wascre.<tcd '"n? f-l with 
 ^'L. iy£mdms. This made the Commonrmorem-ilicious and bent to mifcbief. And (edition at 
 G home caufed war abroad. Fo rain wt redrain'd cii ii difcord for a while. Both Senators and 
 Commons with one ucord, under thecondu.^\ of t^»j.'//«.f fought rortunuely with the rebelli- 
 ous Vollcians and .'Eq'unns, and defeated them. Howbe't 
 than wereflain in the b.nrel : fo hotly the hor'emenpurfned i 
 fited and gave not over.The Dme ye.^f wa'^ the Temple ofC -fio 
 tills. It had been vowed 3, foetime in the Latins war by ?(?/?/;«?»;«; the Di<ftator. His Ion was ocu.atioa of 
 created D;<«»;wV, for that purpofe, and dedicated it. , a raupie. 
 
 This
 
 5o i hefecond Boo\of T. Livi us , 
 
 This year alio the Commons hearcs were let upon the law Agraria, and longed afrefh after the H 
 fvveetnel's thereof. The Tribuns of the Commonalty graced and credited their popular authori- 
 ty, with propounding a law as popular and acceptable to the people. But the i>enators luppoling 
 verily that the multitude was furious and outragious enough, and too much of themlelvesjwith- 
 outany hire and reward, flood in great dread and horror of chefekrgeiies^as the very allurements 
 and provccationsjof rafh and heady attempts:^ the (iouteft champions of their lide to withfland 
 the law, were the Conluls. That pan therefore and State of the City had the better hand, not 
 only this prcfent year, but for the next enfuing. For they chole M. Fah.us Cajo his brother, tor 
 the oneConful, and L. Fi/fm/ for the other, a man ofthe twain more odious in the eyes ot. the 
 Commons, in regard of his late accufation o{Sp, Caffius. In which year aifo there was Itrife and j 
 much adoe with the Tribuns. But both law and law-makers with their glorious bragging and 
 vaunting oftheir goodly donative, which they could not eft'edt , proved vain and came to no- 
 thing. Upon this., the name of f<?%, who after three Confulfir.ips together one after anotherjby 
 them born continually without intermilTionjwere inured and tried in the broils and eontentioDS 
 of Tribuns , was in great requeft and reputation : and in their houfe and tamily remained lUii tor 
 agoodwhile after, that dignity, as an honor well and worthily bellowed upon them. Thenbe- 
 ganthe Veientian war and the Volfcians likewiie rebelled. But for any wars abroad whatfoever, 
 they had rtrength enough andtofpare? if by jars at home arpong their own lelves they had not 
 • abufed the fame. 
 
 Behdes this difquietrefs and affli£lion ofall mens minds, occafioned by thelediflenrion5,there K 
 hapned (to am.end the matter well) prodigious, and hrange tokens from Heav en, daily in a man- 
 ner threatning both in City and Country the heavy hand of God. And when as the foothlayers 
 and wizards were fent out unto,to feat h forth the caufe of Gods wrath and indignation both in 
 pubick and private, as we.l by intpedtion ofthe inwards of facrificed beafls, as by afpe<ftot birds 
 and buls, ihey could affign it to nothing ehe but this, that there was lome errour committed in 
 their facrifices and divine liturgie. ihole fearful and prodigious ligns proceeded Hill lo fat , ihac 
 cneO/?w'»? a vellalNun con, icted and condemned ot idlcH:, iufferedde4th. 
 
 After this, foLowed Q, fabiHs and C. Titlhuj Conluls. In vvhi^h year the difcord at home was 
 nothing les. and the war abroad far greater. For the i£quians role up m arms : the Veientians 
 alfo entred the conhncs, and mademuch ipoil. And whiles they were more and mo. eiarctul \^ 
 about thefe wars what order to take, Cafa F^ilpntszndSp. Fttrita^ were made Confuls. By this 
 time the j£quians aflaulted Anona a City in LatiHW. And the Veientians having fped ihemielves 
 with prizes and booties, made great cra^ ks that they would gi . e an aflault upon the \ ery City of 
 Rome. Thefe fearf il news, which ought to have abated and taken down the Uoma.ks otthe 
 Commons, made them much more fierce and tell, and they returned of themfelves unto their old 
 biafsofrefufing wir'are: bm Sp.Licifiins their Tribune, thinking now the time was come toen- 
 force upon the Senators the law Agra-^ia. upon this exigent and extream point of neceflity, had 
 taken upon him to flop the levying and letting out of an army. But he drew upon his own head 
 the whole hatred and difpiea.ure ofthe Tribuns themfeUes and their authority. For the Confuls 
 oppol'ed themfches againll him no more bitterly than his own companions in office : by whole M 
 aflidanccthe Confuls went through with the Mullet. And for two wars at once, there were en- 
 rolled two armies. The one under the leading oiFahius, againft the jEquians , the other, againfl: 
 the Vcienii.'nscrmmandedbyf«^-;«;.Againft whom there was nothing done worthy of remem- 
 brance. As for Fabttts^ be had fomewhat more to do with his own men than with his enemies. M 
 That man himfelf alone was he, that beiig Conful upheld the Common- weal, which hisarmy ' 
 The dlfobedi- for hatred of their Conful, had as much as in them lay, utterly betrayed. For when as he (above 
 ence ot fol- many other warlike feats and parts ofa right worthy General,whereof he ftiewed hngular proof, 
 diers to tUeit both in preparation, and alfo in man- ging of the war) had lb marfhalled and ranged his battail, 
 Cap«">. that with 'ending out the horfemen only, he dilbrdered and brake the ranks of his enemies hoft : 
 
 behold, the footmen would not follow on after that difaray : neither, when the exhortation off^ 
 their leader whom they hated, prevailed not, could their own fhame at leafl-wife, and the pu- 
 blickdiflionorfortheprefent ; no, nor yet the imminent danger like to enfue (in cafe the enemy 
 had taken heart again and made head) force them to amend their pace one jot, andmakemore 
 fpeed. Neither could he poffibly make them (if to do nothing e.fej lb much as to march ftill in 
 battail aray : but full againli his commandment they retire with their enfigns: and as men fory in 
 their hearts and illapaid, (he that had feenthem wou.d have laid they had loft the field) curling 
 their General one while, and the valiant fcrvice ofthe horfemen another while, they return to 
 their Tents. Neither will the General what way to remedy this lopeftilent an example and dan- 
 gerous prectdcnr. Thus we may fee, that brave men, of finoular and excellent wits, have been 
 more to leek and fail in their r kill, how to govern a fubjcif than to vanquifli an enemy. The q 
 Conful returneth to Rome., having purchafed more hatred of his frowardrnd flubborn fouldiers, 
 than won honor by his martial prowefs. Neverthelefs, the Senators prevailed fo much that the 
 Confulfliip kept refidenre HiL in the name of the Fabij. So, they created M. Fubius Conful, and 
 joyn with him C». MaJius for his collegne. 
 
 This year likewife, had one patro e andmaintainerofthelavv^^rm^, to yNii^Tibenus Po»- , 
 tipcius a Tribune. He lak ng the fame courfe, and following the Ifeps oiSp, Licimut, hindered 
 
 the
 
 The fecond Booh^ of T. Li vius. 6 1 
 
 A^he muflers for awhile. And when the Senators were herewith difquieted again, then yip. The politike 
 CLnidHu arofe up \vA faid, ^'- That r he year before,the Tribunes power was o\ ermati hcdjand the P"'^''= cf Afi 
 "neckof it broken in proof, only lor that prefent, but in example forever hereafter: fcrafmuch /''•"/^''^"''■'«* 
 "asitwas wellfeen then by experience, thatofit lelf even among their own felves it fell apieces: T,,buncsau- 
 " and never will there want at any time one good Tribune or other, that would be giad co gee thoriry, 
 *' the lL'.rt and victory of his fellow ,yea,and the favour alfo or'ihe better part, for to puri-hafe the 
 ' good of the vveal-publike. And that there would be more Tribunes, if more were needful), 
 "ready to aflill the Conluls: and if there were but one, even that one v\ere fufficientto lu^nd 
 " againrt all the reO.So that the Confuls and LL.of the Ccuncill would but do their endeavour,to 
 B '• win unto the Stare and Senate, tome certain of the Tribunes , if they might not compafs all. 
 The Senators being thus fchooled and taught their leffons by W/j/j/w, both all ingenerali would 
 courteoufly falute and friendly intreat the Tribunes, and alfo in particular as many of them as 
 had been Contlils, according to that interelf that ca-ti mjnhadinany one of them privately, 
 partly by favour and triendfhip and partly by countenance and authority, prevailed fo with them, 
 that they were willing and well concent to employ the Tribunes authority to the good andfafe- 
 ty of the Common-weale. So by the help of fouie Tribunes, agiinil one that hindred the good 
 of all, the Coniulstook mufter of the I'ouldiers. Then let they forward on their voyage to war 
 with the Veientians : unto whom from all parts oi Haritria they came to aid and iuccour; 
 not lomuch for any love thattheybareto the Veientians, as in hope that the puilTance of /^o.w? 
 C through inteltine and cii ill diflcntion, would decay and come to nought, Forin allthc Diets 
 and AiTemblies of the States of ficrHrtJi the Prin.cs and Peers gave it out andlaid, That the Tiierpcecbes 
 power and greatnelsof the Romans was everlafiing, if through mutuaildilcord they warred not otiheTnfcan 
 fo among themfelves: which hath been found the only bane of wea thy and flouriTning Cities, l'''"'cesin ■ 
 where y mighty Empires became moitall and Inbjecf to a finall end. '•'• Which mifchief (fay '"«■" Cauncilr. 
 " they ) this long time hath been pre.ented and delayed, partly through the fage advife and prii- 
 " dent government of the Senate, partly by the patien>;eand longfuf^eranceof the Commons : 
 " bntno w they are come to a great exciemity. Divided they are, and of one City become twain: 
 'each part have their I'everallMagiftrates and laws by themfelves. Atthehrli, however they 
 " were wont to be at odds, and to fall out at the mulfering of fouldiers,yet in war they would 
 ry " hold together, and obey their Captains. Ho wfoever they fared at home in the City, were the 
 " State ne-er fo far out of order, yet folongasmartialldifciplinewasonfootand tookp!ace.,they 
 "might be reclaimed, and all troubles ftaied. But now,the former ufe andcuH:om.e of difobeyinc' 
 " Magidratci within the City, is taken up by the Roman fouldiers in the very Camp. For no 
 *' longerimce than the lali war of all,inthe timeof battell andconflict)their whole Army agreed 
 ''of their own accord, not forced by any extremity that they were put unto, fortogive theVei- 
 ^entiansiasmucha^ in them lay, even after they had lort the field, the entire victory and honour 
 "of the day. For they abandoned their cnligns, left their Generall alone in the skirmilli, and 
 " againtt his will retired themfelve- into the Camp. And furely, if they hold on l^ill this courfe, 
 " ^awernay bewon by means of her own i'ouldiers: there needs no more to do, bin to proclaime 
 £ " and make a fhew of w;r : For even the very deff inies and gods themfelves would performe all 
 "'the reft. Upon thele hope? and deep perfvvafions, the Tufcans, who afore were wont other- 
 whiles to have the betipr.and fomerimes to take the worfe in their wars , put thcmicl»es in arms. 
 The Roman Confuls likewii'e were in fear of nothing elfe fomuch, as of their own power? 
 their own tore and weapons: being affrighted- at the remembrance of that foul and fliame- 
 fuU example, and that lewd p..rt plaid in the laLt war: leflperadventure they lliould put it upon 
 this point of hazard, as to be in danger of two battels at once. And therefore info doubtfuil 
 andperillousacat'e;they held off fight, and kept themfelves within theirCamp, if haply time and 
 fpace would affwage their anger, bringtheminto the right way again, and reclaime them to 
 good and reaionable order. Tiie enemies hereat, as well Veientians as the other Tufcanr, made 
 F the greater hafte, and were more fiiarpfet.and provoked them to thefield : fni by riding up and 
 down before their Camp, hard at the gates thereof, braving and claallenging them forth, acthe 
 Jaftjfeeingthey couid not prevail, they fell to rating and railing one while upon the Confuls rhein- 
 felvesanother whileupon the whole Army, in thefe andfuch like terms: '• A gay matter indeed, 
 '• and a proper de- i .e to falve their cowardile, and under a colour of civill diflention to cloak their 
 " fearfulnefs ; and the Confuls forlonth miftrufl more the faithfultiefs and loyalty of their fouldi- 
 "ers in lervicc, than tliey doubted their valour and fufticiency of Icrvice. Mary, here isindeeda 
 ''nevvkirdof mutiny. What ? Armed men to hold their peace, and fit (fill ? Hitting them in their 
 "fteethbcfides.with their new if arc-up rinng and latc fprungbafe beginning letting fly againtl them 
 ''lies and truths onewirh another and fpared not. For all this fouleilir they kept, flouting and 
 Greviiingihcmundv-r thcirverytiench- and hard at their gates, the Confuls themfelves were not 
 one )ot troubled. But the foolifli and ienorant multitude what with anger,and what for lliameof 
 thefe reproachtuil terms, was mu h diflcmpered : and one whiles wholly gave over toreg rdand 
 thinkeupon home troubles and di{rentions,anJ had rather than their lives be revenged oftheire- 
 nemies: Anonagiin they would not in any cat'cgrtifie the Nobles and Con uls, nor wifh them 
 good fu'-cefs. Thus the hatred both agiinft the enemies withoutjand the Comuis within (^rove 
 together in their hearts : untill at length forrain occafions got the mal^ry over them : fo proudly,
 
 5 1 'i hefecond BooJ\of T.Livius, 
 
 fo infoktitly the enemy fcorned and made a-game otihem.Whereiipon they came chick by troiips H 
 CO the Generalo pavilion, calling iiponchem tortofighc, requiring co put forth the banner and 
 fionall oi b;ctell. TheConhils laid their heads co^^ether and as taking good advifemenc,confcrred 
 cnche macrera good while. To fighcchey were molt willing and denrous: but this dehre was to 
 be kept back and dilTem' led and thereby angmented : to the end that by holding cfi:,by oppoling 
 themi'elves, and making fome Hay, they might let the fouldiers on and being once let on it, they 
 might make them follow more eagerly at once. In concluhon, this anlwer was returned unto them: 
 That they made too much halk: it wasnot yet fuUripe, nor the time come,to givebattell :they 
 mu(i hold themlelves contented and keep within their tents: proclaiming moreover^th.it no man 
 bel'o hardy as CO fight: and whoioever attempted itvvithout their warrant and commiffion,they I 
 would pro.eed againll him with all rigouras a profcfled enemy. Thus were they diimifled. And 
 the lels willing they thought the Conluls were, the moreeap,er were they, and let upon a battel). 
 The enemies belides, when rbey had intelligence .t hat the Confuls werenotdiipoledtofight,and 
 had taken order co the contrary, were inkindled and inflamed fo mu>. h the more. For now they 
 fuppofed they might brave it, and infult upon them fately without danger. For why ? The Con- 
 fulsdurltnoc truli the Ibnidiers with weaponin hand: "■ now wer6 their mutinies come to the 
 " height and to break forth in extremities: now and never before the Roman Empire and Domi- 
 " nion was at anend.Prefnmingeonhdently upon this groundthey run together untctbe gates, 
 " redoubling a thouland ■. illanous and opprobrious term?, and mu. h ado they had to forbear ai- 
 '' faulting the camp. Now could che Romans on the other lide hold no longer &endnrethis con- K 
 tumely and indij.;nity but came running from all parts of the camp unto the Confuls. And now not 
 leifureiyasbcfore,m.ikethey requeltandby mediation oftheir'.hief centurions. but all at once on 
 every lide plied chem wich out rie^ andclam(>rs. Now was the matter come to ripenefs, yet flow 
 were the Cofl.diil and hold oB-'.Thcn r4/?;>«, feeing the tumult inrealed & that for fearof a muti- 
 ny his brother Confiiihad yie.ded already jcaufed r.ien.e tobe made by found of trumpet and thus 
 Th; fpecch of he fpake . ' I know full well O MunLw-, that thefe fellows are able to win the vidory : bur thac 
 F^fciwto his '' they will fo do I know not, and they themlehes have >.arfed me to doubt. I have therefore let 
 broihci Con- c'downmy red and fully refolved not to give the l.gnai of battelUunlefs they fwearco retuinout 
 ^^^' t« of the field with vii1:ory. Once did (he louldiers inbatteli dcLcivea Cofl.of i?ow<?:butthegods 
 
 " in heaven fhallthey never deteive.Then M.^lazoUiw a CenturIon,one ofchetormolt thatcal- L 
 '' led for battellfoinliantly,'' Return will l(quoth he)0 Mja /wAidlor out of the field : and if 
 '< 1 fail,then 1 befeech father Juptcr-.Mars Gt ai vus and other gods to make me a fearfull example 
 " and fl-iew their wrathful! difpleafure upon me.The fame oath after him took the whole army, e- 
 " very man againfi himfeif. Thus whenthey had fwo;n the trumpet founded. Thenbuckle they 
 themicives toward battell,full of anger full of hope. Now thty bid the Tufc ans revile and rail their 
 fill : now being at ail points armed, they wifiied they had afore them man to man their enemies, 
 thofethat weie fo lively and luify with their toni;ue;.Right valianily bare themlelves that day.as 
 well the Coaim.ons as theNobles.But me name o\ t\\e Fabtiiht Fdhlii'j pafled all the reft and 
 wan the fpurs. Who in this piece ot fcrv i e purpofed to gain again the hearts of the Commons, 
 whi.h in many civil! contentions were let againll them. And fo they ernbattelled tbcinfehes. The M 
 enemies likevvifc both the Veientians and aifo the Tu'xan legions were nothing behind,as making 
 almoft fure reckoning that they fnould be fought v^ithallno more than the jEquianshad been. 
 Nay they were in hope offomegreaterdiiorderamongft them,and that conf:dering they werefo 
 malecontent and the occafion fo douhtfuil they W'lU.d play a morefliainetullpart,aiid ftiew their 
 leaders a beafilycalt. But it tell out fir othervvile. For never in any other war afore, gavethe Ro- 
 mans a hotter charge upon the enemies : to much hid they of the one i;de wich fpitefiill taunis and 
 reproaches net'ed them,and the Confuls on the other fdc with their long delaieswher them on. 
 Scare had the Tui ans any time to pn them'ehes in b ttell array but at the very firR encounter 
 and flio.kjcalting their javelins carelefly from them (1 know not how ) rather than levelling and 
 charging them ?gainft the enemy, they came pre ertly pell-me.lto band-llrokes, and todealwith jsj 
 their fvvords, whi h is the crueileft fight of allother, Thefrt^// among the fcrmoM in the fore- 
 front fought valiantly, fliewing their ounrrimen a brave f'ght^ and a nob e example to follow. 
 Where O. Fab ui who had been Coniul the t'ird year before, the leader ,'nd forvvnrdcft of them 
 all whiles he advanced himfelfandrufl-ied amonglf thethi.keft of the Veientians and fcuffied with 
 many of them tOi-;ether. was not aware of his deadly enemy fo near: bur behold a certain Tuf- 
 can. a mii^hcy man of llrengch and skilfull at his weapon, ran him through thebreaft with his 
 fword. Which was not fo foon drawn toith of his body, hvaFabms fell down headiongupon 
 bis wound and died. Both armies felt the fall of th 't one man : and therewith the Romans re- 
 tired. With that M, Tiibius the ConfulRepped ove ■ hi^ body as it lay along, and holding forth his 
 target between : -'■ Why,fonidicrs (quoth lie; is the oath ye took torunaway and retire thus in- q 
 "totheCamp? And are ye more atfraid indeed, ot thee mod d ftard^y enemies, than of J«- 
 "p;f*rand yl/or^,bv whrmyei'vvare? But T who wasnot fvvorn u all, will either make return 
 "with vidtory, or elfe O Q^Fuhius, fighting hereby thee 1 will liieand die by thy fide. To 
 whom, Citfy Fa'ius. who the year nfnre was Confui, replied again : Think vou brother, with 
 "thefe words to make rhem to fight ? Nay, the gods are they that muft do it, by whom 
 " they have fworn. And let us like noble Knights, and for the honour of the Fabian houfe, 
 
 '•'• Itir
 
 The fecond Boo\of T. Livius. S'l 
 
 A "flJr up and animateourfouldiers by fighting rather thanby exhorting. Thus rode the two F^- 
 bii with lance in reH into the forefront, and drew the whole battel with them. I hefi"ht of one 
 fide being thus renewed;, C». ^tiz/;;« theConfulintlic other wing bellirred hfmfelf, and did for 
 his part as valiantly: Where hapned aim olt the like fort^ire. Foras in the one wingthefoijjdi- 
 ers followed,^. f-^//«, fo in this they cheer'ully went w'.th theConfiil himrelf/^/.v./T^/x, cha- 
 fing the enemies afore him as diftomhted. And when he was fore wounded, and therciipori 
 gone out of the battel his men fuppoiing him to be 1 la in drew back, and had indeed loll ground 
 and given way to the enemy, but that the other Conful with terrain Cornets of hcriemen, gal- 
 loped amain into that quarter, and cried aloud that his tellow Con jii was living: and that him- 
 
 gfelfwho had defeated the other point; was ready with \i(ftory to aitiH them> and foiiplieia the 
 middle of the Army, that now began to Ihfink, M.-nhns a\[o, to encourage his men, fhewed 
 bimlelt in open fight. Thus the knowledge and prel'encc of the two Confiils made ihe fouldi- 
 ers take heart afrelli. Herewithallbelides, were the crcmies battalions the thinner and weaker, 
 becaufe they truiiing upon tlieir exceeding number, had drawn out thofe that were toiervefor 
 liiLCour and lupply, and lent them away to afl'ai;etheC::mp. In the li;rprifng whereof, f.ndin" 
 no great ado and fmaii rehHance, v\hiles they had more mind to riHe lor pillage; thantohghc 
 for the victory-, they ioll time. Jn the mean fpatc the Roman T?x n/, who were net able to 
 hold out the iirlf aliault and entrance, having dilpaiched to the C6hfuls certain meflengers, to 
 give knowledge in what terms they flood, cad themfelves round in a ring, and retired them- 
 Q felves to the /Vrf:*o>-/«w or Generals lodging, and of themfehes alone, made head and renewed 
 thefighr. Likewiley/^v/;«,t the Conful being ridden back to the C^mp; at every gate fet cer- 
 tain^ouldiers in guard : and fo enclofed them within, that they could not get forth. The Tuf- 
 tans being in this defperate cafe, fared more like mad men than hardy louidiers. For when as 
 they ran here and there every way, according as they had any hope to find illiie and to efc ape, 
 and had made fundry offers and attempts in vain : behold one troup of tall fellows in a body, 
 made no more ado, but knowing the Conful, whoby reafon of brave and goodly armour was a 
 fair mark.charged upon his own perfon.The firif volley of their fiiot was received by thofe that 
 flood about him, but their violence afterwards could not be endured. The Confol himfelf w ,• 
 was wounded to death and fell down in the place,andallthe reR were difcomfited. Whereupon CunfuTflain' 
 
 rj the Tufcans took more heart unto them,but the Romans were fodiBreffedithat they ran all about 
 the Camp in great fear. And inextream jeopardy had they been but that the Lieutenants cauoht 
 up the Conful his body, and made paffage at one gate for the enemy. Through which they ru- 
 flied forth,and difmar^hed diforderly, untill they light upon the other Conlurprefendy after his 
 victory: where they either fell again upon the edge of the fword, or werefcatteredand putto 
 flight. This brave Victory thus atchieved, was heavy yet and forrowful for the death oftwo 
 fo noble perfonages. And therefore when the Senate had decreed a Triumph, the Conful retur- 
 ned this anfwer : " That wiliingly he could allow thereof in regard ot the pjlTing good fen ice f"^'"*. ^^^"•-, 
 ''performed in that war, in cafe an Army might triumph without a General. But'asforhimfeif, '*''*"'""'P^» 
 " feeing that his houfe grieved and mourned for the death of hisbrother O^.Fahius, and that the 
 
 E" Common-wealth was half fatherlefs as it were, for the lofs of a Conful, he wouldnot ac- 
 " cept the Lawrelfo deformed and foully blemifhed,both with publike and private forrow. This 
 Triumph thus by him refilled, was more honourable than all the Triumphs in the world. By 
 which we may fee that glory defpifed in due time returneth otherwhiles in greater meafnre. 
 Then folemni zed he with great honour the obfequies one after another, firlr of his fellow Con- 
 ful,and then oi his ownbrother. And he himfelf made the funeral Orations for tbem both. Buc 
 fo as in yie'.iingunto them their due commendations, he went himfelf away with the greater 
 part. And nc)t unmindful of that rule which he had learned in the beginning of the Conlulfliip, 
 namely-, to win again the hearts and love of the Commons, hedivided the cure of his hurt and 
 wounded fouldiers among the Senators. With moll of them the Fal^H were charged, and of 
 
 pnone were they better tended and looked unto than of them. Whereupon the f./'mow waxed 
 popular,and that, for no other policy and in:ent, buc only to do the Common-wealth good : and 
 therefore with the iavourandgood will of the Com.mons, as vvel as of the Nobles, Citfo Fabi- 
 Hs was created Conful with T.^»X'«'W;Whofe principal care above all was this, even before war, 
 before mviflers-^before all things elfe^chat feeing now in fomemealure there was good hope of con- 
 cord begun already, the hearts of the Commons might be perfedfly linked and united together 
 with theNobles and that. with allfpeed polfible. Inthebeginning therefore of this yeiiS fcfore 
 that any Tribune of the Commons fhould prefer the law ^?(^?-.n/.i, he thought good and save his 
 advice, thatthe Nobles fliould prevent all, and go in hand firll themfelves to perform their parr, 
 and fliew their !)ounty : namely.in p irting the land.;; gotten by conqueft., and freely bellowing the 
 
 G fame a.; equaily as might be amongthc Commons. For it was meet and rcquilitc that they i>,ould 
 bepo{feffedthereof,whoie fweai of brows, nay, whole bloud had paid for the purchafe. Biicthe 
 Senators could nor hear of that eatjbut milliked of the motion : yea^and fnme of thcmcomplai- 
 red and faid, that the lively fpirit, and couragious difpohtion of Cafo-, which fcmetimes he had, 
 was now by reafon (^^ exceiTivc glory, grown to be toyillv and full of vanities. And there an end 
 of civill faitlons for a time. 
 But the Latines were much troubled with the incurfions and inrodes of the jfiquians.Thither 
 
 G 2 vvas
 
 64 
 
 7 hefecondBoo\ofT. Livius, 
 
 C<e/« VtA'uii 
 theConful, 
 to the Lords of 
 the Senite. 
 
 The linage of 
 thefdiiiofter 
 to maintiin 
 war with the 
 Veiemiansin 
 their own per- 
 fons^and ac 
 their proper 
 charges. 
 
 was Ctf/o with an Army fenc, v/bo invaded and overran the very country ol'thejEquians, forra- H 
 oin" and Ipoiling as he went. The jEquians thereupon retired,& put thcml'ehes into their towns, 
 and\ept clofe within the walls, whereby there was no memorable field tbugbt. But at their ene- 
 mies the Veientians hand, they received an overthrow, and that through rhe raflincl's of the o- 
 ther Conful: and had not Ca[o Fnhitts come to the refcue in good time the whole Army had beeti 
 utterly loft.T-rom that time therewasneitherwarnorpeace with the Veientians: but their dea- 
 lin" war mach what afcer the manner of robbing. For when the Roman Legions were abroad, 
 they would leave the field Sctake to their Cities:when they perceived the Legions were removed 
 and gonc>they would make excurfions and walk the country.Thus plaid they mockholiday,and 
 dallied with them, fliifting off war with quietnefs, and quietnefsagain with war,by turns. So as I 
 the Romanscould neither all wholly reft carelefs and fecure for them, noryetgothrough-ftitch, 
 & make an end once for all with them. Befides, other wars were either prefentiy at handjto wit, 
 from the jtquians and the Vollcians, who could no longer fit ftill, than untill their trefli grief, 
 at>d pain of thelall defeature was over-paft ; or elfe the Sabins, never other but enemies.yea, and 
 all Hetriiria^ were like all fhortly to rile and take arms. But the Veientian a continual enemy, ra- 
 ther than dangerous. provoked them to anger with reproachful taunts,oftner thanwith any great 
 peril or hurt. And yet as little as it was, it might no time be neg!e6>ed,riorgave them leave to be 
 employed in the mean while otherwhere. Then came the whole houfe and kindred of the F<i^« 
 unto the Senat, in the name of them allfpake the Conful in this wife: "My Lordsof theSenat, 
 "the Veientian vvar had need rather of a rehdent garr ifon, as ye know vvell enough, to keep the K 
 " frontires,than great forces for expedition. As for you,ree ye to other wars. Let the Fal^ti alone 
 " to deal as private enemies with the Veientians. We dare undertake and warrant,that the State 
 *' of Rome fhall receive no difhonour nor danger there. VVe are fully minded and refohed ac 
 *' our own proper coll and charges, to maintain and mannagethat war, as appropriate and pecu- 
 *■ culiar to our name and family : the City fhall be charged neither with men nor money there. 
 Great thanks weregiventhem for this their forwardnefs. The Confulbeing come out of the Se- 
 nat houfejwas attended home with the whole generation of the Fai>ii who Hood at the porch of 
 the Council Court,expe6Hng the Senats decree. Aiid bfeing commanded to be ready in armor well 
 appointed the next day, and to give attendance at the Confuls door, they departed from thence 
 home to their own houfes. The bruit hereof fpread all over the City, All men extoll the Fal'H up L 
 totheskie. faying '^'- That one family had taken upon them the whole burden of the City. The 
 "•Veientian w3rnowisbecome(fay they^a privatcharge,andrequireth the power and force on- 
 " ly that privat perlons could make. O that there were two fuch families more in Rome of that 
 «' ftomackand valour: that one of them might take the Volfcians in hand,and another the ^ui- 
 " ans. Surely all the nations bordering hereabout might foonbe rubdued,and the people oi Rome 
 " fitfiill the whi e and reft in peace. The day following, the Falui armed themfelves, mounted on 
 horfehack,and repaired to the i(!f;?^>z.w«f aforefaid, as they were commanded. Then came the 
 Conful forth, clad inarichcoato'"arms, and ftanding in his porch, beheld his whole bloud and 
 linage armed and marlialled in ordcr,and bein^ received in the midit of thein,canfed the guidons 
 and'Cornets tobe advanced. Ncvermarched three along the City an Army either lels innum- M 
 ber or more renowned for their fame and the admiration of men. Three hundred men of arms 
 they were and fix -, all nobly defcended, of one ftock, of one race and nnme all. And of all 
 them there was not one that a fage and prudent Senate would have refufed at any time as un- 
 fufficient to be a Leader snd Commander in the fit- Id.Thus furnifhed with the force and ftrength 
 that one only Family could make, they advanced forward, threatning and menacing theruin 
 and deftrudion of the Veientian^. Therefollowed a number and multitude of Citizens: one 
 private company by themfelves of kinsfolk allies, friends, and fellows, cafting in their minds 
 no mean matters, neither of hope nor fear, but all exceeding meafu re and furpa (Ting: aiw- 
 ther, of the common people, moved with a carefull regard, and aflonied again in a favourable 
 applaufe and admiration of their enterpiife, cr>'ing with one voice, Hold on right valiant N 
 Knights, March on a Gods name in happy boon God grant lucky fpeed, anfwerable to your 
 maonanimous attempts and defignmenrs .- and look for, at our hands from henceforth, Con- 
 fulfliips^triumphs all rewards and honourable dignitie'; whatfocver. Andallthe way as they paf- 
 fedalongrhe Capitol ,theCaft!e and other Temp'es theybefonght thegods,asmany as werepre- 
 fcntcd to their eye, as many as they conldcon.ei eintheir minds, ro vouchfafe that fqnadron 
 to be attended upon with good fuccefs and fortunate feli-ity and foon to return home again 
 in fafety to their native country and loi ingparents. But ila< the while, in vain were allthefe 
 prayers made.Thenfet they forward on their journey leaving /«*« Church on their right hand, 
 taking the ungracious and unlucky way Jrom the gate C't'-w^KV/j, untill at length theycameto 
 • At this day the river * CrrmeraJXhit was thought a convenient place to forri'ie in and there to plant a garri- O 
 Fo[f*oiFArca. f^f,^ After this were Z>. c^wy//;M.ind f. 5(f?-z//7r.'jmadeCon'\il':. And fo long as they adventu- 
 red no Tarther than forra^^ing the Country, the F<«'v.' •veregoor' enough, not only to defend 
 their hold and fort ; but all their frontier parts and marches wberetheTufcan Territory adjoyneth 
 to t^e Roman thevfofcoured and traverfed, between the one confine and the other, thatrhey 
 1<ept all their own in fafety, and mightily endamaged the enemies. Then furceafed they awhile, 
 but it was not longifrom wafting and fpoiling. By which time both the Veientians had gathered. 
 
 a
 
 The fecond Boof^of T. Li vius. 6 5 
 
 A a power out oiHetrnria, andafliulted the iort ofCremera, and alfo the Roman Lepions^under 
 the ccnduft of the Conful L.Ami^/us-encoumicd the Tufcans in open field, And yet the Veienti- 
 ans had hardly time enough to put themfelves in order of battel: fo iuddeniy at the very fir(t skir- 
 mifli, whiles the files were entringinto array under their colours in the vanguard, and thefuc- 
 cours and lupplies a placing and difpohng in the rereward, a Cornet of Roman horfe charged 
 them fo hotly on the riank,that they had not room and fpacCjeither to begin fight,or to keep their 
 Handing fure.Thus were they difcomfited,and chafed back as far as Saxa ruOrai.e^Red rocks(foE 
 there they were encamped) where they humblycraved peace. Which when they had obtained 
 (fee their inbred inconttancy fo naturally engrafted ) they were weary of it, and repented thereof, 
 
 g before the Roman garrifo-ii could be withdrawn from Cr enter a. And fo the Fabii once again skir- 
 miflied with the Veientian Nation. without preparation of greater war. Neither made they in- 
 rodes only, and fudden violent inairiions into the Territories but fundry times they encountrcd 
 with banners difplaied, and joined battell in plain field. And that one houfe and kindred of the 
 Roman people carried oftentimes the vidf ory away from that moft mighty and rich Cityf in thofe 
 daies) of all the Tufcans. This took the Veientians at the firlf for a foul difgrace and indignity. 
 But atterwards they devifed to lay trains.as occafion fliould ferveand entrap their fierce and har-> 
 dy enemy: and well apaid they were and rejoycedjthac the F^r^ii upon the good luccefs that (HU 
 followed them, were become more bold and venturous. And therefore divers times when the 
 Romans were abroad a plundering,they would drive cattel in their way, but yet fo, as they mighc 
 
 <^ feem to light upon thembychance. Therulticalpeafancs made fliew as if they fled out of the 
 Country,and left the fields wafl :yea,and thecompanies offouldiers fent out to reftrain and day 
 their fpoiling, made fhew of running away, pretending oftner they were afraid than they had 
 caufe indeed. So as now theF/?^/; by this time let fo light by their enemies, and thought fo well 
 of themfelves, that they beleeved verily their power was invincible-and might not be withllood 
 in any ground, or at any time whatfoever. This conceit and hope of theirs fet them fo afloat, and 
 mader lem fobold^thatefpying upon a time cattel far from CreKera-, (for there was a large plain 
 between) although here and there they might def:ry armed fouldiers of their enemies, yet from 
 theirfort they ran do wn,with bridle in their horfe neck. And whenunadvifedly without fore- 
 figtit they were paft the ambufh, which was laid covertly about the very way chat they were to 
 jQ pafs, and were ft ragling here and there diforderly , driving the cattel away, which gadded in and 
 out,as their manner is when they be feared and affrighted, thenfuddenly ftart the enemies all ac 
 once out of the ambufhment : fo as both before and behindhand on every fide they were befetand 
 environed with enemies. At the firtt the very houting and outcry they made round about terrified 
 them : afieiwards flew their fhot from all fides. And as the Tufcans gathered themfelves together, 
 the Fabii victc foon hemmed within around battallion ofenemies;(fanding armed thick and dofe 
 one to another : and the nearer the enemies approached about fhem.in fo much lefs room were 
 they enforced alfo tocaft themfelves into a ring. Which, confidering their arraies were thruff fo 
 thick together in foftraight a compa fs, made their fmall number appear the lefs, and the multi- 
 tude of the Tufcans to carry a greater fliew. Then forbearing to fight as they firfl: intended, 
 
 £ on every hand alike, and with all at once, they made head to one only place. Thereto they en- 
 deavour with might and main, body and armour ; and with a pointed pattel wedgewife pier- 
 ced through and made themfelves paffage. And they took the way thatled to a little hill, ri- 
 (ingup with an_eaheafcent. From whence at firfl they made refiftance only and kept their ground: 
 but foon after, whenbyreafon of the vantage of the hill, they had fom'e time to breath them- 
 felves,and to take heart again after fo great a fright, they forced the enemies alfo to give bkck that 
 were mounting up the hill. And as few in number as they were yet by the benefit of the ground 
 they had gotten the betterif the Veientians had not fet a compafs about the hill fide, and gained 
 the very top and pitch thereof. Thus became the enemy again to have the upper hand. Andfo 
 were the F<j/'i« flain every man, andnotone of themefcaped, yea, and their fort overthrown TheFafcaiJ 
 
 p and rafed. Three hundred and fix there were that died, as all writers do agree. One onlyof the l^'in. ' ' 
 name was left behind at home, well near fourteen years of age,for to renew and encreafe, as out 
 of a (lock, the name odhe Fabii-, andto provein time to come the greatefl prop and pillar that 
 thepeopleof Rome fhould havein theirdangers and extremities many a time both at home and 
 abroad. 
 
 But ere this heavy lots and overthrow hapned, C. Horatms and T. Mencnius were Con- 
 {a\s. Menrnius was fent forthwith againfl the Tufcans puffed now up with pride for this their vi- 
 ctory : with whom then alfo he fought unfortunately and fped but ill.For the enemies furprifed 
 and got the J tmculum^ and the City nad furely been befieged, (confidering that behdes wsr they 
 were greatly didreffed for want of viffuals, for the Tufcans were paffed over the Tyher ) but that 
 
 G_^»-^''«.f the Con<"u; was called home from the Volfcians. Andfonear approached the enemies 
 inchis wnr and p.effed to the very w-lls, that firll there was askirmifh onevenhandat theTem- 
 pU- of * Sfv '■ and another again at the gate Collina. Where albeit the Romans got but very fmall * ih^c, 
 od tv r/ theenemv, yst did thit conflict upon a little recovery of wonted courage prepare the 
 Ion diets to better feci e in the battels enfuing. 
 
 Novvwere ■l.'^r'Timn.< md ^p, 5f>-w7/Vw created Confuls. The Veientians after this iarede- 
 feat.cameno mor^; into the held, yet they robbed and wafled ftill. And from the J.i7.-(r;.'/«;« as 
 
 G 3 from'
 
 J hefecondBoo\^ofT, Livius, 
 
 T.Menmm 
 accufed and 
 arraigned. 
 
 » ^.lib.j.Qi. 
 fterl. 
 
 Sf.Serv'iliM 
 arraigned. 
 
 from a fortrefs and place of fafe retreat, they would make exciirfcris out into the Territory of H 
 i^awf all about, and neither cartel nor country people conld an;, wherebcinfat'ety forthem.But 
 at'terwardSjthey were overtaken themfelves in the fame vvik that they had caught the Fabii with. 
 For as they followed after certain cattel, which were driven forth here and there of purpofe to 
 draw and train them abroad, they were plunged themfelves ben'dlong into an Ambufcado laid 
 for them. And the more they were,the greater was their flaughter. Upon this foil, their cruel and 
 fell anger gave the occafion and overture of a greater overthrow. For having croffed the 'Tyl?er in 
 the night feafon^they gave the attempt to make an aflault upon the Camp of the Conful Servilita. 
 But being difcomfited, and many of them flain,therert retired themfelves from thence, and with 
 much ado recovered the Jankle. Straight after this, the Conful alfo pafled over Tybcr^ and en- I 
 campech himfelflfrongly under the Jamctilum, The morrow morning by Sun rifing, fo venturous 
 he was by reafon of his fortunate fight the day before, and more for the fcarciry of corn and vi- 
 i^uals, which dravehim to take hecared not how rafh and dangerous courfes,fo they tended to 
 more quick and fpeedy expedition,) fullfondly he advanced forward, and marched up the lleep 
 hill of the Janide-, and charged the enemies hold .• but being fet back himfelf from thence more 
 (hamefully than he had the day before repelled the enemies ; yet by occafion that his fellow Con- 
 ful came in the while to refcue, he and hii Army both were faved : and the Tufcans endofed be- 
 tween both hofts,were forced to turn cheir backs,boch to one and the other, and were killed every 
 mothers fon. Thus by a rafli enterprife ( which as good luck was) fped well.the Veientian war 
 came to an end. The City then, as ic enjoyed peace, fo it came again t6 be better ftored of corn K 
 and vidlual : both for that there was fome grain brought out of Cam-pnni.i^ and alfo becaufe the 
 old flore that was hnorded up came abroad, by reafon that no man now (food in fear ofdearth 
 toenfue. 
 
 Afterwards upon plenty and eafe they began to be bufie again, and their heads to work, feek- 
 ing to broach old troubles at home,;ince they had none to occupy them abroad. The Tribunes 
 they fell to foUicite and infedl the Commons, with their venome and poylon, the Law ^^r^ri^ : 
 inciting them againft the Nobles that gainfaid it ; not in general terms on':y , but alfo by touching 
 particular perfons. For Q^.Confidipu and T.Gemtiw-, who were forthe Law ylgrana^ framed an 
 inditement,and fued T,Menenitu- And this was laid to his charge, to wit,the lofs of the fort and 
 garrifonatC>fWi?nt: forthat, hebeing Conful lay encamped not far from thence. Butofthis I,' 
 dancer he foon flopped the courfe, both becaufe the Nobles laboured and took his part, nolefs 
 than they had done afore for Confl/,«w^: and alfo the affei^Ion and favour that men bare to his: 
 father ^grippa, was not worn out,and clean forgot. The Tribunes ufed moderation therefore in 
 the penalty, for having commenced a capital aifion againft him, and convi^^ed him thereof, they 
 fet a fine on his head of * 2000 Affes, Howbeit this coff him his life: for he grew, men fay, in- 
 to fuch a melanchoiick fit for lliame of this dilgrace, that he fell thereupon from grief of heart 
 unto a pining ficknefs which followed him to his dying day. Then was there another accufed and 
 brought into trouble, to wit, Sp.Strvilius-, fo foon as he was out of his Confulfhip at what time 
 Z5C.N.ii,iti!4S,zx\d P .KaleriHs wtttCon{\\\?,. In the beginning of whole year the Tribunes L.C-e- 
 ditins and T.Stdtiuf, called him (Iraightwaiestohis anfwer. Who fuflained the violence of the M 
 Tribunes,not as Menenius did, by his own intreaty and the praiers of the Nobles . but bare him- 
 felf confidently upon hisowninnocency, and the good grace wherein he (lood. Bhmedhewas 
 likewi'e, and ch:jrged for the battel with the Tufcans at J:nUuhini. But being a man of an hoc 
 fpiric aijd flout courage, as he carried himfelt before in the puhlike danger, fo now in his own 
 private peril,by refuringin a bold andftoutfpeechth.^t he made, not only the Tribunes, but alfo 
 the Commonalty, and cafling in their teeth and reproving them, for the condemnation and death 
 oiT.Menemus-, by whofe fathers means the Common^ being in times part relfored, had obtained 
 firft thofe very Magi(lrates and Laws, whereby at this day they exercife fuch rigour : he went 
 through all his troiibles, and with much boldnefs avoided the prefenr jeopardy he flood in. The 
 teflimony of his Colleague /^rir/«/«<.f (lood him in great (lead who produced forth as a witnefs, N 
 made him partner with himfelf in all his worthy aels. But thatprocefs of judgment which pafled 
 zo^VkX\'!k.*Mcnemus (fo altered were they now>and repented therefore) did him much more good, 
 andflruck it dead lure. 
 
 When this broil and contention was ended at home, the Veieniians war began abroad; to 
 whom the Sabins alfo had joyned their power. Whereupon the Conful pydenus-, with the aid 
 of the Latines and Hernicks, was fent out with an Army to Veii'. and incontinently he fet upon 
 thetcQts of the Sabins,as they lay encamped under the wals of their ( opfcderates and put fuch a 
 terrour amongft them,that whilesthey ran fofth fcartering by band^ a'^d i.omp.inIcs,lome at one 
 o\\.(t fome at another, to rcpell the violent aflanlt of the enemies it bapned that the sate which 
 he firfl advanced hiser(ignsagainfl- waswon. And withinthetrir hfmall fi"ht there was, butO' 
 moremAn-flaughter. The tumult and noife hereof was heard frorr out of the Camp into the Ci- 
 ty. And the Veientiins in great fear ranhadilyto their weapons,as '\'.''''c:i\\yA bren furprifed.Some 
 make (peed to fuccour the Sablns: others do what they can to affa'i the Romans. who were whol- 
 ly bnfied about the pilbge of theCamp. For a pretty while they were putto fome trouble, dil- 
 ordered,.ind withdrawn from their purpofe: but afterwards they themfelves advanced their ban- 
 jaersjand made head againft the one fide and the other.The horfemen withall/ent in by the Coff. 
 
 brake
 
 Tbe fecotid BooJ^of T. Livius. 6 7 
 
 A brake the Tufcans arrayjSnd put them to flight. And thus in one hour two armies weredeftated, s b\n,-^ni 
 two moti puiflant narions,and neareft neighbours to theRomans vanquillied. Vcieniians ^ 
 
 Whiles ihefe exploits were performed about /^'i^/i, the VollUans and/Equians had encamped "'l"'*^'^-'' 
 themfelves in the Country of Lntium-, and harried the marches thereof. Whom the Latines of 
 themfelvesjwiLh the help only of the Hernikes,and withoutany Leader or aid at ail from the Ro- 
 mans^ forced to abandon their tents : and befides the recoi.ery of their own goods again, at.hie- 
 ved a great and rich booty, Notwithlknding all this, the Conful N.-utnu was lent from Rorne a- 
 gainli the VolRians. They were notwellpkafed; I believe, with the manner of it, that their allies 
 'fliould wage war atali with their own power and dirediori; without the Army and condnilof 
 g the Romans. He fpared not to workall themifchiefhecould,all abufe and fpiglit poffibleagaintl 
 the Volkians •■ yet could not they be brought to fight a let field. Then fucceeded Z-.F^/vw/.and C. 
 Ma\lius-,Cor\\\i\s.Jo A^fmunj \zii the charge of the VeientianProvmce.Howbeic^war there was 
 none at all. But at their own fute, a truce was granted untothem of forty years. And they were 
 enjoyned to find corn and fouldiers pay. Peace was not fo loon procured abroad, but piefcmly 
 enfneddif-ordat home. For at the inlligation of the Tribunes, by occaficn of the Law yJgrariay 
 iheCommons were fer a madding. But the Confuls skared neither with the condemnation of 
 Meyu»iMs.,r\ot yet with the peril wherein Servilms {{ood, rehlkd all they could. And when the 
 Coniuis were ounce out of their Office, Gfwr.w a Tribune laid hold uponthemj and arrelied /. F.vr;«i,and 
 them : and L.(Ly£ >»//.■« J with OfiterFirgimus&nitt their Confuifliip. In fome Annals or ye.uly re- c MmUkn-n- 
 Q cotd%l^nAFo-p.fcttsJtiliissCoT\iu\ inflead of /■•^/ro;2»;W.Biit in this year,vvhofoever then were Con- 'J''«<^' 
 fuk, ■' Funns and M.iy.lnts being indited beforethe people, went about arraitd in vile apparell and . 
 *•' mournful weed to the younger fort of Senators, as well as the Commons perfwading,advihng, lirancc/t^l'he 
 '• and warning them to forbear and retufe all dignities and offices of (fate, yea, and all charge of puny Nublcs. 
 " Common-weal. And as for the Confuls rods born afore them, their purfied robes with purple, 
 " and chair of Itate, they fhould etteem no otherwife of them than of the pageants carried in a 
 " funeral pomp. And that with tbefe gorgeous ornaments and enfigns they were but defiined to 
 *' death : much like tobearis adorned with facred white ribbands and labels, appointed to facri- 
 "fice.But ifthe fweetnefsof a Confulfhip wereruch,lec themconlider now withall,and perfwade 
 "themfelves, that it is become private and overfwaied with the power of the Tribunes; and that 
 f. " the Conful, as if he were the Tribunes ferjeant, mulf do all at his beck and command. For if he 
 "quetched never fo little, if hefeemed to regard the Senators, or make account of any thing 
 *' elfe in the whole State but ofthe Commonalty, let him let before his eyes the exile o^Cn.M.ir- 
 '■'■tins-, the judgement and death of /I/f^<f«/«^. The Nobles incenfed with thefefpeeches, from 
 thenceforth began to confult and confer together^not openly and in publike council,but privatly, 
 and apart from the privity of many.And when they were refolved once upon this point,that thole 
 accufed parties now in trouble.fhonld be enlarged one way or other .by hook orcrook : then the 
 cruelleft advice, and hardeff courfe that could be delivered' belt plc.-ifed them:and for to put in ex- 
 ecution the moft audacious defignments whatfoever, there wan.ed not one orothertogivecoun- 
 fel. Well the law day of trial came, and when as the Commons gave attendance devoutiy in the 
 E Fornnty in great expectations of the fcquel and iffue- they beganat firft to marvelmu..h, that the 
 Tribun Gentttms came not down in place : and fufpeiSting fome what becaufe ol his !org tarrying & 
 delay they imagined thathedurlf not for the great men and chiefMagiOrates ofthe City : arid:'o 
 they complained that the common caufe was forlorn and betraied.At the ial},they that kept about 
 
 the door & porch of the Tribune his houfe,broughc word that he was found at home fiark dead. 9-':'*'''^ ' 
 Which news being once noifed through the affembly.^mark how an Army is difperfed and Icatte- Q^nwl^°^:^-t 
 red when theirGeneral is flain,even foin all the world theCommons flipt afideevery one. feme pic^muni..' :;J 
 one way fome another.But above all others the Trib'jnes were in bodily fear being thus by their Jnhishtjii oy 
 fellow taught how little help or none at all, their facred and redoubted Laws afforded. The No- 'j|- ^■^"^'."^.^^" 
 bles could not dilfemblethis their joy , nor ufeitwith moderationbucOiewed icexceiri.ely:and ''•• ^*""'*"*' 
 
 F fo little repented any oneof them ofthe fa6t committed, that they avowed it, and took it upon 
 them, and wou'd not feem culpable in the action ; but gave it out in plain terms, thattheTri- 
 bunesby foul means were to be tamed & their wings clipped in a mifchief.Upon this their viifo- 
 ry.fo Oiameful a precedent in times to come there went out an ediitfor the publiQiing of a irufler: 
 and whiles the Tribunes were in this feare daunted the Confuk without any conindiftion.wenc 
 through with it clear. But then, were tlie Commons much moreotfended at their Tribunesf.Lnce 
 and fitting dill then at the Confuls rule and imperious government: laying, '■ Farewell freedom 
 " now/arewel liberties and all : now is the old world come again,and the Tribunes authority is 
 " both dead and buried together with Ge»nttt'.s. 'Ho\y they were togo in hand and bethink them- 
 " felves of lome other courfe, how they might wichfhnd the Senators proceedings : and feeing 
 
 G'' they were deftitute of all other help to rely themfelves upon, the only way vvasfor the Com- 
 " mons totrufl to themfelves. Scff-ind upontheir own guard. Wheras therefore,thcregaveatten- 
 ''• dance upon the Confuls 2j^L>[loresox Fer^e)-.;, Commoners allandpobetter, nonemorecon- 
 " temptible and bafe minded if they met with thofe that would fet them at naught : they might 
 '"thank themfelves only, and their own timorous conceits & imaginations, thatiuch things wee 
 " fo dread and terrible.Thus having animated & provoked one another with thefefpeeches:there 
 was a Sergeant fent from the Confuls to one ^Vfro /'.•/M/m.t a Commoner, whobecaufehe had 
 
 been
 
 68 
 
 7 hefecond Boo\ of T. Livius, 
 
 Volero Vubldi- been a Leader in the field of certain bandsjpleaded his immunity for being a commcn fouldier a- H 
 M refuletli to ojin. Folero calleth for help to the Tribunes: but there being no man to rei'cue him, the Confuls 
 beprcftafoul- commanded the man to be Briptoucof his doathsjand the rods to be made ready For to fcourge 
 **'"• him.Then quoth yolero-, " I appeal unto the people, feeing the Tribunes had rather have ?. Citi- 
 
 " zen and freeman of Rome beaten with rods in their prefence, than be murdered themfeb. es by 
 « you in their beds. But the more fiercely he cried on dill, the more cruelly fell the Li.'-ilorto 
 cut and llice his apparell for to uncafe him. Then fo/ero being himfelf the flronger m:.t), jnd af- 
 (illed vvithall by lome whom he called unto him, thruft the So-geant from him : and wherehe 
 perceived the maineft out-cry and ioudeft noife of his adherents, that fumed and chafed in his 
 behalf, thither retired he^tofliroud himfelf among the thickeft,crying: "•' I appeal and befeech the I 
 •' Commons of their prote6lion and fuccour . Help Citizens, help fello w-fouldiers. Never ttay 
 *' and wait for theTribunes.untill they comc,who havethemfelves need of your afliflance.Here- 
 at folk were raifed and gathered together,ancl addrefied themfelves as to a Battel. A foul piece of 
 work was toward /uU of exceeding danger jand like it was, that no man would have had regard 
 either of common law or private honeWy. When the Confuls in this fo great a broil and (lorm 
 of outrage came in, to prevent further mifchief, they knew foon by experience how flenderly 
 guarded againft danger, the Ma jefty of Rulers is,where force is wanting. For their Liitors were 
 beaten, mifufed, and ill intreated, their rods broken all a peeces, themfelves driven out of the 
 Common place, and forced to take the Senat houfe, doubting how far forth f^oUro would pro- . 
 ceedin the train of his viftory. But when the riot was well appeafed, they affembled the Sena- K 
 tors together, and complained there of their injuries received, the violence of the Commons, 
 and the audacious prefumption oi Volero. After many opinions and (harp cenfures delivered 
 among them, the Ancients and Elders prevailed at length, whothought it not good tofet the 
 anger of the Nobles againft the head-ftrong raflinefs of the Commons. And the Commons fo 
 highly favoured and embraced Volero, that in their next eleflion they made him their Tribune 
 for that year, wherein L. Plnarius and P. f«r//fef were Confuls. Who contrary to all mens expe- 
 ^tation^that thought verily he would have exercifed his Tribunefhip in moiefting and vexing the 
 Confuls ofthe former year, preferred the publike caiife before his own private grievance, and 
 cave not the Confulsfo much as one foul word. Only he preferred a Law unto the people, That 
 The Maoiftrates ofthe Commonalty might be created in a ward-Leet.or Aflembly ofthe Tribes L 
 and Wards. Thusunder a title, which atthefirft fight feemed nothing hainous,pafredamiitter 
 of no fmallconfequence, but fuch as abridged the Nobles of allpovyerand authority, to create 
 Tribunes whom they would,by thefuffrages and voices of their vaflals and favourites. But when 
 the Senators refifted with all their might, the going forward of this A£tmoftpleahng and 
 plaufible to the Commons, and yet none might be found of the brotherhood of Tribunes, that 
 by the authority either of Confuls or of Senators could be brought to joyn in his way by their 
 net'ative voice, which was indeed the only means tocrofsit: the bufinefs, notwithftanding in 
 it lelfe fo weighty to wield, and fo hard to be compaffed, held out with much debating the year 
 through. The Commons then made ^o/.-ro Tribune again. The Senators on the other fide, fup- 
 pofing the matter would now come to a final triall once for all,created for their Conful ^p. Clan- M 
 ditu^t\\t^onoi Jfp:iu' who even for the old contentions maintained by his father, who was 
 both hated ofthe Commons,andalfo hated them again: and he had for his companion in govern- 
 ment T.Qtmtitis. At the very beginning no matter was treated of before that Law. But as VoU" 
 ro was the firlt devifer and broacher of it, fo his fellow Z>f fforw was the moreearneft and hoc 
 maintainerthereof, as hecamemorefredi untoit. Thef^outer hewas befides, by reafonof his 
 creat military glory, for that in thofe dales there was not a taller man of hands, nor more aftive 
 than he. Now,when as Volero went (iraight to the fubftance of the Law in hand,without any cir- 
 cumftance of words^and forbare to inveigh againft the Confuls perfon^Lfffor^j^ began his fpeech 
 with challenging Afpius and his houfe, as moll proud, and cruelly affecfted to the Commonalty 
 of Rome : avouching earneftly, " That the Nobles had made, not a Confd, but a biKcherly tor 
 "mentor, to afflia and mangle the Commons: but being arough-hewn fouldier, andcomfid 
 " to make Orations, his tongue could not frame to exprefs his mind as freely as he would t and 
 fo his utterance failing' him : Since that ('quoth he) O Qumtes^ cannot fo readily d; !iv cr th?x 
 
 *' in my fpeech, as I can rnake that good indeed which I havelpoken;Bc you here to morrow,and 'fk 
 " in this very place I will either get this Law enaftedjor I will lie in the dutt and dlt for it before ™ 
 
 Atiw propo- 
 fedthac Magi- 
 flriEss of the 
 Commons 
 (hould be cho- 
 Ten in a Tribe- 
 Leet, or ward- 
 Affcnnfaly.ciU 
 led, Tiibhtu 
 
 condcth the 
 prcfcrting of 
 I'ltbthtt his 
 Law, 
 
 x'oire". J neyoungvjcnuemenoT me i>jouim.y uuuu iTiii,iii)u^iici;u p.iLc tothe Tribunes Of- 
 ficer. Then willed Lfffor/wjfome of them to be attached. Eut rhcConfu! ,-.'/; -w replied again, 
 "That a Tribune had authority over none but Commoners: forafmuch as he was a M.-'gifirate^ 
 " notot the people, but of-the Commons. Neither could himfclf.of his abfolute power (CovAal 
 *' though he vvas)obferving the cuftome of his anrefiors,command cny man to avoid: for that r',e 
 " ufuall form of words ran thus .M^y it picafc you Tr:v.Mafiers-,0 Quirites if you thixk^^ o"d t-i Jcyart:, 
 Soon was he able, thus laying the Law unto him, by way of fcorn and contempt, to outf=i' tr. 
 LeUormSi and put him down. Whereupon thcTribune chafed, and fet into an heat, fend-'f h an 
 
 Olficcf
 
 The fecond Boo\of T. Livius. 6 p 
 
 A Officer to the Conful .-the Confullikewife, a Liitor to the Tribune, crying often aloud, that he 
 was but a private perlon without command, withontMagiOracy. And doubtlefsthe Tribune had 
 been hardly ufed, but that both the aflembly role up in a rage, and took part with the Tribune a- 
 gainlt the Conful : and alfo there was a concourfe of the multitude, raifed out of all parts of the 
 City into the Common Hall, ^ppru; notwithtianding Hood iHttely to it (Ull, and abide the brunt 
 of this tempelluous Horm: neither had ihisbroiie (iaid without fomebloudilied, in cafc^(«- 
 r/;« the other Conful. had not fet fome of die Aldermen th.it had been Confuls, to get his bro- 
 ther Conful by fori.e (ifotherwifeic might not be) out of the Hall, whiles himf^lf was in hand, 
 '■ one while with the Commons, lo appeafe theiriury, by way of intreaty and with fair words, 
 
 g" otherwhiles befought the Tribunes to breakup theaflembly, perfwading with them to take 
 " more leifure in this their heat and anger: for that time and fpate would abridge nothing of their 
 "povver,but would joyncounfelandadiicethercto:ioncluding withal, thatboth Nobles Qiould 
 "berulcdby ihepeople,and the Conful ordered by the Nobles, Hardiy and with mu.h ado were 
 the Commons quieted by Q^^iuius^bai far more trouble had the Nobles to (iiil the other Conful. 
 At the length, w lien the aflembly ol the people was dilmifled the Confuls called the Sen.u toge- 
 ther.Where after much variety ofopinions,proceeding from fear and anger, according as the one 
 or the other fwaied among them : look how much longer time they had to reclaime their mind 
 from violent courfes, andfagely with deliberation to conlider of the matter: fo much the more 
 their hearts went againlf all contention, and farther llrife : infomuch, as they yeelded Q»tntins 
 
 Q hearty thanks, that by his travel between parties. the difcord was well allaied.And to Jppius they 
 were petitioners, "That he would be contend, that the majefly of the Confull might be nogrea- 
 *' ter ttian would ffand with the unity and concord of the Citizens. For whiles the Tribunes for 
 *' their part would needs have all and the Conlul on the other fide draw all to them : between this 
 "this plucking and hajing there was noftrengthleftin themidtb and to conclude,the Common- 
 •' weal was rent,torn ,and difmembred between the rulers therof: who Brove rather for the m-ina- 
 " gingand ru^e, than for the fafety and prefervation of the State. Againft whom Appius replied 
 "• with i foiemn proteltation before God and man, and faid, '• That the weal publike was aban- 
 "doned,forlorn,andbetraied by nothing elfe but toolifh fear: that theSenat wanted not a Con- 
 " ful,buc the Conful wanted Senators : who now yeelded to harder conditions th.in they had bc- 
 
 FN " fore timein mount .S-actfr.Howbeitoverweighed atlength by the general confcnt and accord of 
 the Noblesjhe was content : and io the law pafTed quietly. was by royall confent authorifed.Then Thcforifaid 
 and never before were the Tribunes created in a congregation of the tribes, and by theirvoices. iawcnjfted,' 
 Pifo wriieth;that there vyere three more made to the other,asifthere had been but twain before: 
 and he nameth alfo the Tribunes,to wit C.StcciuSfL.NpiwiroritifiM.DHellius^Sp.Icilms&c L.Me- 
 c/7/«-.-.Then had the Volllians and ifiquians, between the civil fedition of the Romans, & the be- 
 ginning of warharried Si warted the country : that in cafe the Commons had madeaninfurre6li^ 
 on,they might have retired to them as to a lure place of recelt ?£ refuge. But when all was hufht 8c 
 matters compounded between the Nobles and Commons, they removed their camp backward. 
 JpphisCUudiuswisknt againlf the Volfcians: and to Qj^nms Ml the Province o: ihcJE- 
 
 E quians.The fame rigorous feverity continued App::is Hill in warFare-that he ufed at home in the 
 City:butfo much more freely ,for that he was not curbed nor held inby the Ttibunes.The Com- 
 mons he hated.more than his father had doneafore,feeinghe was overfwaied;andhad takenthe 
 foil at their hands : and being the only Conful .oppofed againft the Tribunes power .yet maugre his 
 head, thelaw parted clear a way, which theformer Confuls his prcdeccfTors, with lefs ado, nor 
 with fo great hope and expei^ation of theNobility, had ever hindred and (faid. This his anger ' 
 
 and indign.uion gave an edge to that felUfom.ukof hisby kind,for to plague and punifli hisfoul- 
 diers with imperious and lordly command. But fo fet they were to fpurn again and difobey, that 
 by no forcible means they could be tamed doing all things that they did lazily flowly frowardly, 
 and Itubbornly. Neither bafhcd they for fliame, norlloodin awe for fear. If his will was they 
 
 pfliould march on apace, they would on ferpnrpofe go fair and foftly : If he encouraged them in . .. 
 
 proper perfon to intend theirbufinefs. they would all of them flack their former fervice,whereun- Themutrr.7 
 to they wereentred of themfehes .• whiles he was m place, they would hang down their heads ""'^ difobedi- 
 and look on the ground as he palled by they would fecretly curfe him in their hearts. So as that '",fj°g|sj„ ,, 
 in, incibleftomack of his againll all hatred of the Commons, woudnow and then grieve here- ApputcUudl, 
 at. And wen he law that all the flTrewdnefs and rigour that he ufed was in vain, and that now wtheirGc- 
 hecoulddo nogood with hislbuldiers, he fell to cTie kinn ihe Captains and Centurions, faying, nerall. 
 They h.id fpoiled and m.irred the Army, terming them Tribunes of the Commons, and other- 
 whiles in taunting- wife nicknaming them Fs/roi/. All thcfe doings were the Volfcians aware of, 
 and therefore were they more eager and forward, hoping that ,^ppi:is^on\d find the Roman 
 
 G Army as froward and difobedient, as they h id been 3i:ain(t Fabmt. And to f.iy truth they were 
 more crooked and unrniy with App-ttsi\\xn with /*«/;;«/ a great deal. For they were not only un- 
 willing to have the vidoryas F/i^.'«.f his Army was, but alfo defirous to lofe the victory and be 
 overcome. Being brought forth and fet in battel arny, they fhamefully took their heels 
 andfledimo their tents: and nevermadehead and refillanie, before they faw the Volfcians with 
 bannersdifplaied, advancing againlf the munitions of their Camp, and afoul (liughtercommit- 
 ted upon the tail of their rereward. Then were they driven perforce to fight for very neceflity, 
 
 that
 
 7 
 
 o V befecond Boo\ oj T. Livius, 
 
 that the enemy thus far forth Vi<5^or,might be kept from the Wall and Trench: and yet fo, as it H 
 was very apparjnt,chat the fouldierspafled for nothing elle,biit only to fave the Camp for being 
 won : tor Icme ot them rejoyced at their own lofs and defeature, Whereat, the ttout ticmack ot 
 jitfiiu was nothing daunttd nor his heart broken: but he minded to deal cruelly with them^and 
 thereupon fummoned a genera! allembly. Then the Lieutenants, Marfhals; and Colonels, came 
 runnir" unto him ?'d\ eitiljng him in no cafe to try malkries^and to inforce his authority .The ve- 
 ry ^roifnd an(JUrength wherof relkth wholly in the accord of obedient people: adding moreover, 
 tha^t the fouldicrs commonly gave out, that they would not go to the affembly : but rather they 
 mi"ht be heard every where^callingupon themaloud^to diflodge and remove out ot the territo- 
 ry ofthe VoKcians : moreover, that the enemy now Mafter of the field, wasbut awhileHncead- I 
 vancedto the gates andrpmpier,and well near pofiefled of them: wherebyjthey were not only to 
 fufpeft, but might evidently fee before their eyes fome great matter toward of dangerous confe- 
 qnence.Whereupon at la(t he was over-ruledjandfforalmuch as his fouldiers thereby fliould gain 
 nothirr' but delay of their punifliment)remitted the affemby for that time : and after proclama- 
 tion made to let forward in their journey the next day, and to depart in the morning very early, 
 he caul'ed the trumpet uo found the remove,and to march away.The Army being gone out ot the 
 C3mp,andready tobefet inorderof amarihat lengthjtheVolfcians who weregottenupby the 
 famefoundof the trumpet, plaid upon the tail of the rereward : thenoife whereof pafled from 
 thence to the vanguard,^^ fo diibrdered the enlignsjfo troubled the ranks by reafon of that fright, 
 th at neither could the direilion and Lommandment of the Captains be heard, nor the Army be K 
 brought into battel array.No man mmded any thing at all but to run avvay.and diforderly in great 
 numberSjthey fled back over the dead carcaffes and armors that lay on heaps, and fo efcaped ; and 
 never liay they their flight, untill the enemy gave over the chafe. At the laH, the Comul having 
 called his fouldiers together that were run away fo fcattering,(for with all the i'peed that he made 
 after to call them back, hecould not reclaim them ) encamped with out his enemies ground in a 
 place of fecurity. Then he called them all together to an afrembly,and inveighed bitteny.and not 
 without jurt caule,againU the whole Army,as having betraied thedifcipline of war, and forfaken 
 their colours : asking every one of them what was become of their banners ? And what they had 
 done with their weapons? And as many fouidiers as were unarmed as many enfign-bearers as had 
 not their enficns^the Centurions allo,and thofe chat received double allowancejandforlook their L 
 i^'''"''hid"be bands and companies, he caufedto be Lourgedwith rods & tolo'e their heads.The whole num- 
 B>lVin*do,'^ ber b£hdes,wereby lottichL'd,and every tenth man as it feil out, exei.uted. Buccontrariwife,in 
 vide droLSig. the expedition ngunll the j£quians; the Conlul and his fou^^iers, Hrove to exceed one another 
 dcfmu. jn cur.ehe and kindnefies,{:J//</;f ;« was by nature mild and cheartul, and the cruelty of his brother 
 
 CT ■ belo ConfuU that never fped well, made him take more joy in thai h s gentle difpohtion. Whilesthe 
 ^dofhisfuni- General and his Army conforted thus together, the iEquiansdnrlt not confront them, butfuf- 
 dicrs. fcred their enemies to range all abroad ardlorrage the country : fo as in no former wars got they 
 
 oreater bootiesfrom then.e: and all was bellowed among the fouldier?. Over and befidcs thefe 
 "ratuities, they had theirduepraifes and folcmn commendations, wherein fouldiers take no lefs 
 3eii"ht than in rewards and gitcs. So, that Army returned home better affe^^d to theirGeneral, M 
 and^alfo to the Nobles for their Generals lake : reporting that the Senate had given to them a 
 lovincf father, buttothe other Army alordly mafter. This year thus fpent with variable fortune 
 abroad in war: with grievous difcord as well at home as abroad, was above all moft memorable 
 and famous for the Trlbe-Leet. A matter of moie note, in refpe.^ of their viflory that entred in- 
 to the aCtion.than ofconfequence, in regard of commodity thatgrew thereof. For the very Leec 
 it felf loft more credit by excludingthe Nobles out of that aflembly, than either the Commons 
 oot flrength, ot the Nobles did forgo thereby. Butmore troublefome was the year following, 
 whiles L.Valt:r:w &: T.^'nylms were Confuls.bjth for the variance of the three States about the 
 law Agriir,a-iir\A alfo for the arraignment ot ^pp/»j CLiudtus.XNhom^t'mg a mofl bitter adverl'a- 
 ry of that law, and agreatmaintainerand upholder of thofe thatpofl'efled and held the common N 
 lands,asif he had been ever a third Conful,^.D«<r///;//,and T.^.tc/^j arrefted and endited.Never 
 before that day came to the bar, a perlon to be tried before the people, fo odious unto the Com- 
 Apput chiid't. mons : charged with fo many wrongs done of his own fo many ot his fathers afore him, in regard 
 us araignedat vvhereof they were highly difpk-afed and offended with him. TheNobleslikewife had not lightly 
 thebir. laboured fo carnedly nor ilrainLdthemfelvesfo much tor any one as for him. Who being the pa- 
 
 tron and protedoroftheSenat the maimainer and upholder of their port and dignity ; a man e- 
 ver oppo'ed againfi all tlietrcuWelome broils cfTribune?& Commcnx,v\as n( w deli\ercdas a 
 prey to the Commons in their anger and only forthat hehad overfhot-^and paffcd himfelfin heat 
 ot contention.But of all the Senators that ever wetcJppinsClanclitfs ofhim'elt alone was he,thac 
 cared not a nifii either for Tribune or Commoner nor yet for his own arnignment, Nomena-O 
 cino thre'tsoftfeCommons no earneft prayers of the Senators could on e make him, I fay, not 
 to charge his apparel and in hum'ole manner to feek and crom h unto men tor to be good 
 unto him: no nrrfo much, as when he came to anfvver for himfelf before the people, one whic 
 to mo lifie3ndlctfall(as it werej that rough andfharp kind of tpee bthat he was wont ordina- 
 rily to ufe. He kept the fame i'owre countenance (Hil, the very fame frowardnef^ and crabbednefs 
 ofxifage, thefame fpirltof boldnefsin his apology and defence. Infomuch, as many of the 
 
 Com-
 
 Thefecond Bool^ of T. Li vius. 7 1 
 
 A Commons 
 had bee 
 
 3ns were no lefs afraid of ^ppi:^ (landing prifoncr, there arraigned ar the bar, than they 
 ii..u ^--n of him; fitting as Conful in his ivory chair ofeHatc. In p!«ding of bis canfe, he fpake 
 
 • brieHy'iind at om e co the po:nc,wich the fame accufatory fpirit that he had ever ufed in ail his pleas 
 and :.aions. With his boldnefs and refolute conlfaniy, he fo amazed both Tribunfe and Com- 
 mons thai they themfeU es deferred the day of giving fentenoe, and fuffercd afterward the fuic 
 to liar" anddepend Hill undetermined. But not long after, even before the Law day appointed 
 was come,he fickntd -md died.Whofe funerai prailes when as the Tribunes went about to hinder, '^pckudm 
 the Commons would not fnficr, that thedeath of fo worthy a man, fliould bedefrauded ofthe '^'"'^v 
 doc honour andfolcmnobfequies, and gave audience as quietly and attentively toilf commen- 
 
 B dation of the man now dead, as they did afore to his actullition while he was alive : and with a 
 goodly train 3«aidt:d his corps to the grave. 
 
 The fjme year P^'Ierms the Conful made a voiage with an army againfi the .-Equians, and fee- 
 'vy< he conld not train the enemy torth to fight, he made a bravado to allaii the Camp : but there 
 felt Inch a tcrriblellorm and tempelt from bcaven,vvith hail and thunder-claps that he was difap- 
 pointcd of his enterprile. And that which made it more llrange and wondeifull, he had no foo- 
 ner founded the retreat, but the weather pro^ ed fo fair and calm again, that he made fomc fcruple 
 and matterot conLience, togivea fecond alfauk unto thetren.h, asif it had been detended by 
 thefpecial! power and providence of God. So, all the heat of war turn.d to the wilting on:y of 
 the Countrcy. The other Conlul Amdms w:rred with theSabins. And even there alio, becaufe 
 
 [; the tncmic-s kept within their walled town.sthe Territories were fpoiled. Bucafterwjrds,theSa- 
 
 ""binesraiied with the firing, not only of their villages and hamlets, but alio of the good towns 
 and bu roughs whercofin'thofe parts there were many, and thole weil peopled, encountred the 
 forr.igerv md after a doublfulhkirmiflijthey departed afunder,and the morrow after raifed their 
 Camp and retired themfcl.es back into a place of more fecurity, which the Conful taking for a 
 fufH. icnt argument and proof, that the enemies were defeated^ left them lb, and diflodged like- 
 wife wi hoot any end of the war. 
 
 During thefe war^ and whiles difcord continued in the City at home, were T.Nnmitt;:s Prifrus 
 and A.l^ri^:>it!<i created Confuls. Now ieemed it that the Commons would no longer abide the 
 defcrrin" of the Law Ap-a.-ia. And as they were about to put it to a venture and to try the ut- 
 
 nmoft by extremity they took knowledge partly by thefmokeand flame of chevillagesonfire, and 
 partly by the ninnmg away of the villagers, that the Volfcians werenear at hand. Which occur- 
 rent reprefled and kept down the fedition which was now come to ripenefs, and ready to break 
 fotth.For the Confuls forced by the Senate immediatly to the war,by taking the feniceable youth 
 with "them out o the City-reduced the fell ofthe Commons to more quietnels. And theeneniies 
 verily made no further attempt, but after they hadgiven a falfealiarm, and fet the Romans in a 
 foolifh fear, difmarched away asfpeedilyas they could. IhtuNumnms went to Antmm againft 
 theVolf.ians, and r/r^/w-oagainR the ^quians: where having well-near received a gre^tlofs 
 and defeat by a train laid for him : fuch was the prowefs and manhood of the fouldicrs, that ihcy 
 re.overed alla^ain, vvhich by the negligence of the Conful had like to be lo(f. Buibeiterwas 
 
 £ the conduit and government of the Army againlf the Volfcians. For there, acthefiiitskirmilli 
 the enemies were^difarraied.putto flight, and chafed as far as to Ar.tium^ a Cuy ( for that time ) 
 of right great puitlance and importanLe.The Conful durlf not affault it,but wan from the Antiates 
 Cenm, another town, but nothing fo wealthy. Whiles the .€quians and Volfcians thus amufed 
 the Roman Armies and kept them occupied, theSabins werecome robbing and fpoiling to the 
 gates of the City of Ronf:. But within few daies after, they themfelves received more damage 
 than they brought,by occafion that both Confuls with two arm.ies wereentredin greatangerin- 
 to their Confines. In the end of the ye;r fome peace there was, biic dlfquieied, as at ail times be- 
 fore, with the variance between the Nobles and Commons. The Com.mons in a peevilli and an- 
 gry fit would not b.: at thcLkaion of the Confuls. So,by the Senators only and their followers, 
 
 F there were e'ecled Confuls, r.OiiimiHs and Q^.Scrv:Uus^\\<t\\^^ year to the formerthefe Confuls 
 b-id,feditiou- and troublefomein the beginning: but afterwards upon forrain war,quiet and ftill. 
 For the Sabins with a running Camp having pilVed over the plains of Cn'fty.rtun.-im, and put all to ; 
 fire-andiwordabonr theti\er A>iio, were chafed back, well near from the gate Co//;>;4 and the 
 walk: hoNbcit they drave away with them exceeding great booties both of people and cattell. 
 Whom the Conlul Seyv>lt:!s followed hnrd with a powerready to bidbaitell,but could not over- 
 take their main army in any even ground meet to pitch a field in.Howbeit he foraged and walied 
 the Country all about fo as he left no corner clear that felt not his fingers^ and returned with pur- 
 ch.ife o: many rich prizes of nil forts. 
 
 Likewife among the Volfcians they fped well and had lucky hand by the good demeanour both 
 
 G of captain and I'ouldier. Firft-they joyned battellupon a plain, and fought with very great (laugh- -j^^^ ft,atsgem 
 tcr, and exceedinn much bloudfl-iedonboth (^.des. AndtheRomans( who for their fmallnum- oUheOnlul 
 ber were more apt to feel thelofs; had loll ground and difmarched- if that theConful by ma- ^umm. 
 king a lie for a vant.ipe, and crying that the enemies fled from the other wing, had not encoora- 
 them and renewed the battetlafrefli. Andfo by giving a new charge, whiles they thous^hr they 
 hadchebetter, they got rhebettcr in very deed. The tonful fearing again, by prerHng too hard ' 
 "pon the Army, to enforce them to turn and make bead, founded the retreat. Few daies pafled 
 
 between
 
 n I 1 be third Boo\of T. Livi us, 
 
 between A\ herein vheyref^edquiet^as though there had beenafecrtttrnce agreed bee ween th«rm, H 
 In which m ni ipace,a£,reat iort ot people from ah parts of the Volki.^ns Jrd jtqiiinnsrcpaired 
 totheCaiTip-think;ngverilyj thatit" theRomans were aware qf them, thty wouid depart in the 
 night fealbn. Whereupon, at the third watch they came to make an aPI.tnlc upon their Can^p. 
 Q^iyitins after he had quieted the tumult, which upon this ludden aliarm .irc.Cj and civen ojm- 
 mardmcnt that the fouldiers fnould keep themfelves within their pavilions,broiight forth a com- 
 pany of Hernick?. to gnardthe gates, and cau.ed certain cornetciers and irrrr.peiters on horie- 
 back to wind and foimd before the trench and counterfcarpe, and fo to hold tlie enemy in fuf- 
 pence and expeit-nion untiiiday-lighr. The reft of tlic night sll \v.T;fo quiet within the Camp, 
 that the Romans had time enough and good opporttinity to t.^.ke their repofe and fieep. This I 
 fliew of footmen in their harnels, whom the Vohcians imagined to be mere than they were, 
 and allRomani : the neighing befides, and noife that the horles; made by reafon of theirllrange " 
 riders that they vvere not uled unto, and the lound alfo of iheir trumpets and horns that made 
 them to fet up their ears, and to (tamp and fume outragioufly, amuled the enemies waiting ever 
 when they would charge upon them. When it wasday, the Romans being in heart and irefh, as 
 having flept their fil, came forth and embattehed themfeives, and atthetirftfliockdifcomfited 
 the Volf.ian'!, wearied with long ftanding and overwatched withall. And yet the enemies rather 
 gave ground and retired themfel\ es than fcemed tobe driven from their Handings, becaufe they 
 had at their backs certain hi s, whereunto they might retire behind the Prmcipia-, and not break 
 theirranks, and fofave themfelves. The Conlul feeing he was come to a place of difadvantage, K 
 made alfand,^ The footmen hardly would beftaied, calling and crying to the Conlul to fo low 
 wponthemfceingthey were difcom! ted. The horfemen were more eager, riding all about the 
 Conful and with open mouth cried out5that theyjwould advance before the enligns.Whiles the 
 Conful held off, ina mammeringwhat todo, for as he wasaffured of the valour oi hisfou.diers, 
 fo he little truHed the ground ; they all at once fet up a fliout,that they would let forward, come 
 what would.- and as they cried, foclid they in good earneft. Andpiti.hing their javelins fall in 
 the ground, that they might more nimbly get up the lleep place, they took theirfuU carreer, and 
 ran up the hill. The Volfcians havingin their firii brunt Ipentall their darts,and other fliot which 
 they had let Hie, and made no foare tookupttones that lay under their feet, let drive at theRo- 
 mins as they climbed up, and lot hick and threefold they be(i( wed them that they annoyed them L 
 ■ forehand be.n them down the hill. Thus the left wing of the Romans was well-near over-char- 
 ged had not the Con ul at the point, when as they were ready to retreat; blamed themfirft for 
 their rafbnefs, and then for their cowardile, and made them for very fliame to fiiake off all fear. 
 Firfl,theyaood co it floutiyjand kept their ground, and after, as their Rrength fer. ed them, con- 
 fidering the vantage of the place which the enemies hadgotten, they adventured to fet footfor- 
 vyard, and won ground with a freflifhout and outcry. And taking their carreer again the fecond 
 time, they ltr;in all they can, and at length overcame the difadvantage of the pl.-re. Now when A 
 they were almoft ar the point to win the^ very pitch and ridge of the hill,the enemies lurned back, fl 
 Whiles they ran on heap , in difaray, both they that fled, and they that followed, hapned both at ] 
 once in one company into the enemies Camp, which inthat fright was won. TheVo'f.ians, as M"" 
 many of them as conld efcape,ran as faft as rheir legs would can y them to Ammrr.. And to Antt- 
 »wlikewife was the Roman army <:ondufted:and after a few dales fiege, was fuftspdr.dupon 
 no frefh and new force of affauk hutfor that prefently upon their unfortunate confliaandjois of « 
 the Camp their heart were done, and utterly failed. ■ 
 
 The Third Book 
 
 Of the Hiftories ofT. Livius of F.^du3i,from the Foundation ^ 
 
 of the City of R ome. 
 
 The Breviary of L. Florta upon the third Book. 
 
 SEd'twfis about the Laws Agraria. The Capitol! taken And held by haniihedpcrfom andflavcs. They 
 nercflt'i^/tydit recovered. Afmvey and Cefsment was tnken twice. In the former there were found 
 of Roman CnisLois 124214, bfftdes c^pha-i children ar.dfuch m had no children ai all.M well men as 
 Vfome?!. In the other fnllowmfr tkcy were i 3 241 9. Upon a great oiertl.row nee zed tn the war aaaivfl q 
 the vy£eiiiians-, L. Qiiintus Ciminnatus w<m mr.de DiEiator: tind Leinq; inthecountreyat hkfarme 
 hujie about his htisia-^dyy^ nas fent for to the conddl of that war. He vi'r^H:(h:d ayd fubdhcd 
 the enemies. The nuryihtr of the Tribunes of the C.ort.mons^ arofe to tin.thirty ftrje<rs iftcr their fi^fi 
 inJ}itntio». T',e laws of Athens were fet from thence by EmLi,fau'j»rs^ ffr.t for tliat pmpfei 
 to the efiall!(t:ing andfulltfhing whereof/here wereten perfonages eiBid ■» the rton ofC^tif't. which 
 were called Decemvirs, rpithont any other Adagifirates : andthis hapnedin the three hundred and fecond 
 
 year
 
 The third Boo f^ofT. Livius. yg 
 
 A year after the foundation fl/Rome. And as the Govcrnmeyit of the jlate wm tranjla ted from Kingsto 
 Conf-Ali : fo IV as it iisrvfrom the CoifuLsio the Decemvirs . 7 hey having propofidten tables of l^ws^ and 
 bornthenr.fdves modejtly in that high d.tgnity^rvere' therefore by the confer.t of the feople^fermittedtore- 
 mainfiill in office the fcondycd'. But ^ftcr they h,:d committed mary mfolent parts^they ivouid not give 
 over their room of Magiflr^-cy^bttt hcla itfiillthe third yea ■ : witilf-ch time 04 their olflnMe and in- 
 toiler able rule came to ancnd,occafionedby thcfi'.thyliifi o/AppIus Claudius : wko bct'-g ina'noursd 
 ttpon aVirgJn-jfiibsrncd one to m^-.hcclarm unto her as his bond[lave'where;ifon herfither Virginius was 
 driven cfneccjfiry to catch tip a knfefrom a butchers fldll next by, and to ksll his diiHsrhter '• as having no 
 o.her means to five herfroK} the ha^dscfhimthat purpofedto abcfe her body unLmftsHy-The Commons 
 
 TD npon this foul examji: rffi!thy /cachery, mi.de an I'furre^ion^ and tookj he mount hsznutiz for their ' 
 hbldyind compelled the Decemvirs to leave their p'ace,iindgiv! over their government ,0\ ivAiow;, Appius 
 and ore of Lis Collegues (^ivhich two h.^d principally deferved punijhment) were committed to prifon^and 
 there k.Jp'}the reft were driven into banilhmcnt. This bookj:oHtuincth befid'js the victorious wars agamfi 
 the S.'.binS. Volfclans-) and t^^mans. And the unhonefl arhitrement or aw.rrd of the people of Rome, 
 •who being chofen Arbitrators between the Ardeats and the Aricins^awardedtothemfelves the Land 
 whereabout thejlnfe and controverfy tras. 
 
 The third Boo\ of T. Livius. 
 
 Jk Fter the winning oi Jntium, T. t/£milius and Q^Fabiuswsrs created Confuls. Ttiis was 
 
 /\ that _F.-?^/w that only remained alive of all the name that periHiedat Crcwera. Now had 
 
 f \. ey£mtlrus in his former Confullliipperfwaded to dillribuce certain Lands among the 
 
 Commons, And therefore in this fecond likewife,both the favorers of the law Agrana 
 
 were ingood hopeoftheforefaid law: and alfo the Tribuns fuppofing verily that now by the help 
 
 of a Coni'nl, that might be brought about and obtained, which oftentimes had been enterpriled 
 
 againlt the pleafiire of the Confuls; took the matter in hand and gavethe attempt : and withal, 
 
 the Conful Hih '.ontinued in the fame mind. But the great landed men and many of the Nobles, 
 
 finding themfeives grievcd,and complaining that the chief and head Magiftrat of the City bufied 
 
 J) himfeif,with the Tribuns fuits, and was by large giving away of other mens poffeffions, become 
 
 popular and grarious with the people, turned the whole burthen and odious heavy load of this 
 
 ai1ion,fromthe Tribuns upon the Conful his head. And a cruel broil was toward jhad not Fabius, 
 
 by a device and policy to neither party ofFenrive,made an end of thematter with expedition. For 
 
 whereas there were certain Lands gotten by conqueRfrom the Volfcians the year afore under the 
 
 conduit of 7', Quintius : " There might (f^id he) a colony be brought to Antium^z City neer ad- 
 
 " joyning, very commodious, and feated by the Sea fide : fo fliould the Commons without any 
 
 " grudging or complaints ofthepofleflors or Land-lords, be feizedof Land, and the City reft in 
 
 " quiet and Unity. This opinion of his was accepted of all hands. And they created three efpe- 
 
 cial officers or Triumvir; for the divihon of the faid lands, to wit, T. Quintius-, Aid. Virginius ^-inA 
 
 E P, Ff.rir.s. Then proclamation was made, That whofoever would hold any oftheLand, fliould 
 give up their names in writing. But plenty, as the manner is, fooncaufed lo thing: for there were 
 fofew thatprefented themfelves, that to make up the full number of the inhabitants, they were 
 faintoadjoyn unto them certain Volfcians, The reft of the mukitudehad rather (as it i'eemed) to 
 keep a calling for Land at Rome^ than be pofTefTed of Land clfewhere. The ^quians craved peace 
 oi Qj^abius- who was come againft them with an army : and they themfelves by making a fodain 
 inrode into the territories of L,jf/«»;, cancelled the fame and made it void. But the year next fol- 
 lowing, 0^>?frOT//«J ('for he was Conful with 5;), Pofthumius) being fent againd the iE-quians, 
 kept a ftanding camp in the Country about La-ium. But by the reafon of a contagious difeafe or a 
 
 F plague that raigned in his army-they were of neceffity forced to keep quiet within cheir tents. So 
 their war was deferred unto the third year>when as Q__Fabius and T.Q^tintius were Confuls. And 
 for afmiich as ^,F^:^«/,had upon his victory before granted peace to the ,£quians, he had an ex- 
 traordinnrycommilTiondi reded unto him for the rule of that Province. Who being thither gone 
 with full allured hope, that the very fame of him, and noife of his army, would quiet the iEquians, 
 feut Embaflador^to the Counccl of that Nation .with this mellage : '■'■ O^abius the Conful,faich, 
 *' that as he caried before peace trom the j£quians unto /Jowf fo he brin^eth now war to the J£.- 
 *' quian^ from Rarrfe ; having now his i'word in the very fame hand, which he gave unto thembe- 
 " fore in friendly manner unarmed, Whofe treachery it isandperjury,thatis thecaufeofthisjthe 
 " Gods can witnefs now, and in fome meafure will revenge hereatter. Neverthelels, he tor his 
 
 "i 
 
 *-'part,howeverrhe cafe Handethjdefireth that the^quians would yet bethink themfelves of their 
 " own accord and repent rather than ftand to the extremity and abide thofe calamities and mife- 
 "ries that follow war.^. If they would come in therefore and be fory for that they have donejtheir 
 *'fubmi(fion Hiou'dbe received and they taken into the lafeproteilion of his clemency, whereof 
 ' a'ready thoy had exoerien, e. But in cafe they pcrr.li; fliU in their diflnyalty, and takeplcafure in 
 * beingforfworn;bethey well aflured that they fliould have the ire and wrath of the Gods ninre 
 '■ than their enemies m fight againft them, Thefc word^; fo little or nothing at ail moved any men 
 ilrere, that the very EmbafTadors had like to have been very hardly ul'ed and evil entreated^ yea, 
 
 H and
 
 y^ ^T'bc third BoGl^ofT. Livius. 
 
 and an army withal was fenc forth as tar as ^/«-'^/.'»? againfi the Romans. When thefe tidings j^ 
 were bro.;ght to A'awe, the indignity of thethin^ and the fhamefnl manner thereof, rather than 
 any fea:;ul peril otherwiie. railed the other Conl'ui out of the City, bo two Confubr or royal ar- 
 mies approached the enemy in order otbattail, ready to try it out prefentlyby thedintof fword. 
 But cheday being(a.^ itfelloutj welneer fpent there cried one aloud from out of the place where 
 the en my kept ward :" This is to make a fliew of war on!y(yeRom2ns)andnot to war indeed, 
 "ye fet your battail'ons in array againlt night forfoochj that now draw ch hard on : we had need 
 "• ofmore daylight I wisjfor the bnfinels in hand, and to try this quarrel. To morrow therefore 
 '' atSunrifiDg, fee you come again into the field5yefl-:all have fighting fear not, your hands full. 
 The fouldicrs netleo arid p,nlled at thefe words, retired back into the c?mp until the next day, j 
 thinking the night was K,ngjthat kept them from battaiband to for that time they refreflied their 
 bodies with food and fieep. On the morrow fo foon as it was day ,the Roman ho(l being Hirring 
 fomewhatmore early, liood ready arranged in array: and a»length the jtquians like wile Hie wed 
 themfcl' es in held, Afharpfight theje was onboth lides, by rcalon that both the Roman ibul- 
 diers fousht in inzci and de. dly hatred ; and alfo the irquians upon prickc confcience^that bare 
 them witnels how they embarked themfelves into this danger,and wereoutofallhopeevertobe 
 truHed again,vvere forced to hazard aii upon a cart,and venturethe utmofl. Yet were not the j£- 
 quians able to endure ion;;, the violent fight ot the Romans , but were difcomfited and put to 
 flight. And being returned within their own Froniiers-,the unruly multitude for all this, were ne- 
 ver the more inclined to peace but reproved and blamed their Captains,'"That they put the tryal ^^ 
 " of the iflue to a fet held, in which kind of fight the Romans had hngular skill, and furpafled 
 "them. As for the vEquians, they were better at robbing, fpoiling, and foraging, in making in- 
 "ciirfions and inrodes: and abetter andfafer kindeoi lervice it was, here and there in fundry 
 " places- to skirmiO-i with fotcesdivided, than reduce all into one grofs army, and to pitch a field. 
 Leaving therefore a guard to defend the camp, they went forth, and with fuch a tumult invaded 
 the confines of /Jawfjthat the very terror there!>f reached unto the Ci|;y. This llir,efpecially co- 
 ming fo fodainly and iinlooked for, made the Romans fear the more. For who would ever have 
 doubted and fufpeffed , tnat theirenemies fo lately vanquiflied, and in manner befieged within^ 
 their owncamp, could poffibly think upon ectring into the lands of others, and to drive booties. 
 Befides therufticalpeafants^ameinat thegates,crying,and faying,That they were not petty com- l 
 paniesjand fmali handfuls of theeves and robbers,but (fuch was their fooliQi fear,augmenting and 
 making every thing greater) whole armies & legions of enemies were at hand-and marched apace 
 with banners difplayed full agiinfl the City. From their inouths,they that were next made report 
 unto others. Sc as they heard news from they knew not whom.^fo they fet them abroad they cared 
 not how but e^erin the carriage they added fcmwhat of their own, and coyned lies good (fore. 
 Here was running,there was crying al'arm,& generally fuch aconiufionevery where,asiftheCity 
 had been quite I )(t. By good hnp QHirauts the Conful was returned from Algidnm to Rome. That 
 remedy cured all and Hayed the fear. W'hen the tumult was appeafed, he rebuked the people for 
 fearing thofe enemies whom heretofore they h-^d vanquifiied, and placed good guards overthe 
 gates. Then he aflembled the Senate, and by the authority and affent of the Nobles, proclaimed i,,! 
 Juliitium, or a general ceffation or vacation in all courts of law : and went himfelf forth in perfon 
 with a power to defend themarcheS)leaving^«/«r«.f5^?-Wi»jPrOiOliot the City: but the enemy 
 he found not in the territory all about. The ctner Conful performed his affairs parting well: who 
 having certain intelligence,which way the enemies would ^ome, fet upon them laden with prey, 
 and (by thr.t means marching more heavily indifotder) m.ade it a dear booty unto them.even ai- 
 muchas their lives were worth. Forfewofthemef.aped the Ambufli,3nd all the pillage was re- 
 covered. So the return oiQmyntw into the City, made an end of the pubiick Lawllead or above- 
 laid vacation which lafted I ut four d ayes. Then wasaCenfe or Affc'.ment fet of mens goods and 
 a muller or view tjken of the number of Citizens,together with a fokmn purging of the people, 
 called f,«/?-«w,ce!ebrate by Qumtrtfs. And there werenumbred o^ Citizens i242i4polles, over ^ 
 and above men and women rhnt lived fingle,or had nochlldrenand al orphans befides.And among ^ 
 the' jEquians afterward nothing was done worth remembrance : for they betook them to their 
 fironu Towns, fuftering their territory and villages to be confumcd with fire, and fpoiled. Thus 
 the Con'.ul, after lie hnd divers limesoverrun the Country ot his enemies, with a cruelarmy wa- 
 ning and fpoiling as he went, reti^rned home to /^owt with great honor and ahi'gebooty. Then 
 were Coff. Ai-iLts Poflhum'';.! yllbm^ and Sp. Vurhis. Some have written them lufn , who indeed 
 are rightly named lurii. Which I note, lell any man fliould think they were fundry men^whereas 
 the variety is only in the name. No doubt there was, but that oneoftheCoflf. would war with 
 the j£quians: and therefore the jEquiars fought for aide oftheE'.ctrane Volfcians. Which 
 being gladly granted and fent withfpeed, ( fuch a perpetual hatred bare thefe Cities alwayes q 
 againd the Romans j there was great preparation for war inmoPc forcible manner. TheHer- 
 niks having an inckling and knowledge thereof-, certified the Romans afore-hand, thattheE- 
 cctrans were revolted and banded with the j£quians. 1 he Colony ^»i.'/<wlikewife was had 
 in jcaloufy , for that when the Town was lo[f -, many people fled from thence to the iEquians, 
 whoall thetimeof the.'Equian war , ferved in the field, and proved the mo'^ harcy fouidiers 
 snd fierceft of all others. And now when the jEquians were driven into their Towns, that 
 
 multitude
 
 The third Bi)o{of T,L'miis» yc 
 
 \ multitude being flipc away and retired to Antufnwkhdtevf from the Romans iheallcgeance of 
 the Coloners and inhabitancsthere, who were already oftheir own inclination unfoiind and 
 not to be truUed, But before the matter was come to ri'penefs, and they entred into any adion, 
 the Senate upon inte:iigen.e gi'.en that they intended only and were upon the point to rev oit, 
 gaiethe Coif, in charge to lend forthechiefmen and head pcrioni ot that co.ony to Ramejind 
 to enquire and learn of them m what terms y-/ tiii/» itood: who being come wiangiy enough, 
 witi.out any great intreaty, and convented by the Coniuis before the Senate, made anfwerto 
 their interrogatories in luih manner, that they were lent away more mfpected, than at their tirlt 
 . coming : whereupon they refoived fully of war. Sfarias Vuntu one ot the Goll, to whom that 
 
 gprovin.e by lot fell, having taken his voyage againlt theyEquians, found the enemy fpoiling and 
 .walling in the territory ot the Hemic ks^ and being ignorant what number they were (for that 
 in no one place they were all dico ered together,) he rirtny joyned oatteil, and hazarded his 
 power, being in number and force inferior to the other. And at thefirfl en:ounter he wasdri- 
 ven back, and retired into the camp: andy.t was he not paltall danger and in fecurity there: for 
 both the night following, and the next day after , the camp was fo llreighty befet , and lb hotly 
 affaultcd, that he cou.d not difpatch To much asamelTengerfrom thence lo Rom:. TheHcrniks 
 lent word both of the infortunace fight, and alio how the Confnl and his army were beiieged. 
 With which news they io terrified the LL. of the Councel, that they granted Pj/^z/w//*; the 
 other Coniul the loJemncommilTion , fofee to the State-, that it [nflMued no dinger a-idddmi^gei 
 
 ^ The form of which order ana de.ree, hath been ahvayes accounted to lignifyfome great extre- 
 mity of the Common- wealth. And thought belHt was , that theConfui himlelf in proper per- 
 fon, lliouid abide at home to enrol in the mulierbook , all chofethat were able to bear armes: 
 that T. QjtntiHs (\\o\i\d be 'ent as Pio-conful or Vice-conful , with a power ot confederate Al- 
 liestoTuile theliegeand ref ue the camp: and for the furnifhing of this army, iheLaiines, the 
 Hernicks, and Colony Antt ,m ., were commanded to fend unto .^/<7>2/-/;« , Subitary fouldiers 
 f fbrfo they termed at that time, the aids and iupplies taken up in half and on a ludden. ) Many 
 attempts were made , muLh skirmifbing , and fandry aflliuks for certain dayes on each lide were 
 enterprifed. For' the enemies being more in number, aflayed in divers paces and fundry waves 
 t^ cut off and diminilTi the power of the Romans , as not I'ufficient and abletomake headac all 
 D turns. For at one time they both made an alTault upon the camp , and withal lent out certain 
 oftheir forces tovvafl theteintory ot Rome^ yea, and togive the venture upon the very City, 
 if they could efpieanygood oppo'tunity toofferit felf. L. Valerius vi as left behind todefencl 
 the City, and PoflhttmiHs the Confnl was lent out to reftrain and withdand the wafting of the 
 marches. No point of care or travail on any hand was flaked, watch and vvard both night and 
 day was let in the City, a good Corfs df fw^i-a appointed afore the Gate,-, and fouldiers be- 
 llowed upon the Walls: and (that which wasneedhilin fo great an hurlyburly ) for certain 
 diyes it was no Term, or interdidtion of Law wasobferved. In this meanwhile, FHriusihe 
 CofT, who at the firlt had quietly endured the liege and made no refiftance, fuddenly and at un- 
 awares fallied out at the broad gate called Decitmayia, upon the enemies : and whereas he might 
 
 E have chafed them, hemadefomeftay ofthat, for fear left on fome other lide, they wouid have 
 given affanlt upon the camp. But f«r/«/ the Lieutenant (who alio was theConfui his Bro- 
 ther) engaged himfelf toofar, and upon j hot defire of purfuit and following the chafe, nei- 
 ther law he his fellows as they retired , ne yet the enemies astheycametochargehim onthe 
 back. Thus being fliut out from all the refcue, after many effayes made ( but all in vain ) to make 
 way through unto the camp , manfully fighting he was flain. The Conful likewife hearing 
 that his Brother was environed all about with enemies, returned again to fight; btitasheran 
 moreraflily than watily into the midft of the skirmifh, he was fore wounded, and being hard- 
 ly and with much ado faved by thofe that were about him , he both difquietcd and daunted 
 
 F the heatts of his own men , and made his enemies more fierce, lulfy , and couragious. 
 Who were fo animated and let on fire, both with the hurt of the Conful , and alio with the 
 death of his Lieutenant , that nothing afterwards could ftand in their way : no force was able 
 to ftay tViem , but that they beat the Romans again into their camp : vvhere they were befieged 
 afrcfli being now both in hope, and alio for ftrength vvorle than they were before. So that 
 I heir main State thus lying a bleedine , had utterly periflit, but that T.Qnintius with a fup- 
 ply of llrangers ; namely, a power ofLatines and Hernikes, came to ihereicue in time : who 
 charging the j£quians behind , whiles they were wholly bulled in aflaiiin'4 the camp, Oiewing 
 them withinthe Lieutenants head in a great bravery and pride, at the fame inftantcaufed a fally 
 outof[hecamp,bya fignal that he gave them a far off, and fo inclofed round about a great nura- 
 
 G ber of the enemies. Small mas ihe {laughter, but great was the flight and fcatterin^ of the ;£qin- 
 ans in the territory of /Jflwf.- nponwhom(ftraglinghereandthereand driving their booties afore 
 them) Pnf}humins, who in dirers convenient places had bellowed certain companies and bands 
 ot louldicrs , ran violently. And as they fled every way in difaray, they lighted upon Qyin- 
 fw as he w th the hurt Con'til returned with Viitory, Then the Con uls armv bravely did 
 their endeavour, and had a goodly day of them; and vvas revenged both tor their Confuls 
 wound , and alfo tor the death of the Lieutenant and the Squadrons with him. Many lof- 
 fes and overthrov.s were given and taken on each fide for certain dayes. But in fo ancient 
 
 H 2 a
 
 n6 The third Book^ofT, Livius. 
 
 a matter as this was, hard it is for a man upon his credit, to fet down preciiely the certain num- \i 
 ber;eithet how many fought^or how many were flain.Hov\beit Valerius Amm boldly reckoneth 
 the exaftnumbers,namely, that there died of the Romans in the Hernicks Country 5 300. and of 
 the ^quian robbers, who went up and down fpoiiing and pilling in the territory of /?o»/e,were 
 killed by ^.Po/^www the Cof, 2400. The reft of the multitude, which laden with fpoil tell 
 into the hands oiQHintms^ were not fo quit, nor ei'caped with the lofs of fo few mens lives: for 
 ofthemthefword devoured 4000, and to account the number exactly, 200 (quoth he^ and 50 
 juft. Then returned they on all hands to i?o/»f, and the forefaid vacation or law-fteed ended. 
 The skie wasfeen much on a light fire, and other llrange wonders either appeared indeed, or 
 prefented to the fearful people vain apparitions, and fantaftical illufions. However it was, for 10 I 
 avert the dangers by thefe prodigious and terrible tokens prefagcd, there were proclaimed fetiival 
 holy dayes for three dayes together. During which time all the Churches were repleniOied with 
 men and women, making lupplications and prayers for the tavor and mercy of the Gods. The 
 bands and fquadrons of the Latins and Hernicks, after great thank? given them by the ienatefor 
 theirgoodferviceinthis war, were difcharged and fent home. But the Antiate louldiers, 1000 
 in number, who after the battel! was fought came tardy, and too late for to fuccour, were dif- 
 mifled in manner with ignominy and fhame. 
 Then WIS the great Leet or aflembly held, for the eledlion of Magiflrates: whtic'm L.El>HtiHs 
 oMu uft ^"^ ^- ^^>"^^'"^ were created Confuls : and on the * Calends ot SextilM (for on chat day) began 
 
 the year then, they entred their Confulfhip. A grievous and heavy time it was,and as it fortuned? k; 
 ayear of plague and great mortality, both in the City and Country, as well among brute beatts 
 as men. And the receiving of the Country pealants with their cattel into the City,for fear of rob- 
 bing and fpoiiing, encrealed the contagioufnefs of the ficknefs fo much the more, Fotjthat con- 
 fufed medly of allforts ofbeafts , both annoyed and empoifoned thecitizens with the uncouth 
 and unufualftink, and alfo ftifledwiih fultry heat and overmuch watching the ruftical people, 
 lying peftered together, and thrufl up into clofe rooms and ftraight lodgings. The mutual recourfe 
 one to help and Minifter unto another, and the very catching of the difeafe, fet it all abroad. 
 Thus whiles they had much ado to endure thefe prefent calamities, beholdjto mend the matter, 
 all of a fuddain, theHernick Embafladors bring word, that the vEquians and Volfcians having Ik- 
 vied a power joyntly together,were encamped within their limits : and from thence with a migh- X 
 ty army wafted and deftroyed their territory. Now, befides that the fmall aflembly in the Se- 
 nat'e-houfe, was to thefe their allyes an evident token that the City was forevifited with the pe- 
 ftilence, they received alfo an heavy anfwer from them, namely; That the Herniks themfelves to- 
 gether with the help of the Latins, fliould defend their own : as for the City ofRomejit was with 
 the heavy hand and vifitacionoftheCods, difpeopled by the plague : but in cafe the ficknefs de- 
 creafed in fome meafure and took up in anytime, they would willingly aid their confederats , as 
 they did the year before, ard as they had done at all times befides. Thus departed thefe allies, and 
 for their ill news they brought thither , they caried with them home again a worfe anfwer and 
 meffage, to wit. That they fhould by themfelves fuftain that war alone which hardly they were 
 able to fupport, if they had the power of the Romans to aftift them. Long flayed not the enemy in M 
 the Hernicks countrey, but went forward from thence into the territory of /?owe,defolate already 
 (God wot) without the injury of war, and little need there was of calamity that wayes : where 
 meeting with no man at all, no not fo much as any one unarmed, and pairing overall the Country, 
 disfumifhed not only of Garrifons to refift, but alfo of people for husbandry and tillage^at length 
 they came to the third ftone, /, within three miles of Rome, to the bro.^d port high way, called 
 Galina, leading to G/r^f/, The Roman Cof £^/<f/«j, was now departed this life, and his brother 
 Cof. Servtlius^hy lingring on at the point of death, in fmall hope ofrecovery, Moft of the peers 
 and principal ancients were infected, andfickinbed, fo was the greater part ofthe Nobles, and 
 welneer all the ferviceable men ofwar : fo as they werenot able tofet forth an expedition or voy- 
 age abroad,as meet was info great a tumult,no nor fcarce to keep any ordinary fet guard at home fv/r 
 for the defence ofthe City, The Senators,fuch as age and ficknels would permit, took the charge 
 in proper perfons of watch and ward. The ifidiles of the Commons went the round, and had the 
 charge to fee all well & in good order: (o that upon them now refted the government of the (late, 
 & the Majefty of the Confuls Regiment, Thus when all was forlorn ,no head to diredl^no ftrcn'nh 
 of man to execute; the Tutelar Gods,Proteftorsot the City,andthegood fortune alone that ever 
 waited upon her, preferved the main chance, Thismadethe Vo!f.iansand ^quians to carry with 
 them a mind and intent, rather to deal by way of robbings andfpoilings,thaninanyhoftilem.an- 
 ner like profefled warriors: forfo fmall hope had they, or none at all, of winning the City ; fo lit- 
 tle heart. fo nuch as to approach the walls,that even the very roofs of houfes,which they defcried 
 a far off, and the fight of the tombs and graves foneerat hand, turned their minds clean, and O 
 daunted their courages. Soasover all the camp they began to mutter with themfelves AVhat they 
 meant to fpend time idly. and fit ttill without fpreading,in a waft and defart Countrey;within the 
 mortality and putrified air and corruption, both of people and cattel ; when as they might as 
 well invade thofe parts thatftood clear and found, and namely the rich, plentiful, and fat fields i 
 » V/4c<iu- of* Tufculum: and therewith fuddainly at once they plucked up their enfigns, and by crofs wayes 
 f ydmmim pafled through the* LavicancountriesjCven to the mountains of 7«/c»/«ot : and thither turned 
 
 they
 
 7 be third BooJ^ of T. Li vius. jj 
 
 A they the whole force and tempeft of thewar. In the mean fealon the Hcrniks and Latins moveq! 
 not with pity and tompairion only-, but aifo for very ll.aine , in caie they had neidier vvithliood 
 their common enemies, marching to i?o//;i?wirh a auel army, nor relieved their beiiegcdtriends; 
 joyned tneir powers together, and let forward to Rome: where notiinJing the encm.cs,.ind f ul- 
 lowingthe bruit that went ot them, and tradng their fn-lli trai.ks .md ooting they eiuounired 
 rhem as chey came down from the hilly Coimtry of v tifiilnm ii toche valeof ^/j>^?; Where they 
 madeno fiving b.irgain ot it, but fought to thei. lofs, lo as their f.delit} unto their allyes, had but 
 bad fuccefs for that prefent. And in Rime there was no lefs mortjhty of citizens by the fidinefs, 
 than there were Maffucres abroad of their allyes by the edge ot the fwoid. For the oth^r Conful, 
 g who alone furvived hitherto, now died. There left this lite alfo, other noble peifonages, M.fa- 
 lerim-i Tittu l^ir^enius^ Augurs : and Scr, ScJpitius the Curio Maximns. But among the bale and 
 common fort, the violen-e ofthedifeaferagea and fpread,! know not how far. The Senate now 
 deliitute of all help and comfort of man, mo\cd the people to devotion , to their beads, and 
 prayers unto the Gods. And comm.i.ndmeni?wa> given to all men with their wives and children, 
 togoinpro^effion. topour out their fupplications, and crave mercy at God-; hands. Thus being 
 bypubli :k auttiority called forth to pei form that whith every man was torced unco by his own 
 proper .alamities, they hlied all the Temp.es and Chappels. I he Dames and an. lent MatronS) ly- 
 ing gro eiing and Iweeping the Chur.h floors and pavement with their hair and crelles, hanging 
 loo.e d^ J wn, humbly belought pardon of the God-, and an end on;e ot the pellilcn e. Whereupon, 
 13 were it that they had obtained the mer.yofGod, or that the more dangerous and contagious 
 le^'fon ot the year, was now welloverpait; their bodies by little and little, having ef^aped the 
 danger ofdieale, began to rei over and waxmoreheaLhy. 
 
 Then let they their minds about the care ot the Common-weal, and after certain ir.ter-reiuns 
 determined or ended, P. VJcnm Poflicola , the third day ofhis Interreign or Regency for the 
 time, createth ConfulsL. Lucretius TricipitiaHS^ and r.f^ff«!'/«f(7fw//j.v.'/, or F>t«:7?«.f, whether ye 
 will: who * three dsyes before the Ides of >S'fA-f;aj, began their ConfuiOiip. By which time the 
 City was grown fc ftrong again, that itwas ablenot only tp maintain adcfenhvewarvbut alfo to * » i "f i4'/£'<iZ. 
 enter the field and aiVail others. When the Herjiiks therefore pave them advertifemencs that the 
 enemies were pafled over into their borders : they made no delay, but readily and willingly pro- 
 )Q mifed their aid and levied twoConlubr armies. VetHrius was fentagainlf the VolkianS; to be- 
 gin with them- and to war within their own Country. Triciphtnus was oppoled in the Frontiers 
 of their confederates , to keep them from invalion and wafting, and went no further forward 
 than to the Herniks. VetmimiX. his firfl: encounter and confronting of his enemies, difcomfited 
 and put them to flight. But 7V''r/;>rnw« whiles he lay ftiU encamped in the marches of the Her- 
 niks, milled of the army of the Robbers : which vvas conduited over the Mountains, of i'rf^.f/f, 
 from whence they came down into the Champain, and I'poiled the territories of Pr<?»f/?f and 
 G.i'er. and from thence they fetched a compafs about unto the Mountains of 7ls(/"«//«»?. The 
 Ciry ot i^9Wf likewife was put in great fear, rather upon the fodain occurrent of this alarm, than 
 for any want of power to reiill: their violence, Qumtus Fabius at that time was Provoil or Pre- 
 fj^ fidcnt o; the City, who put the youth in armor , dupofed guards in places convenient, and made 
 all fate and in good fecurity. The enemies therefore who had ralfed a booty out of the parts ad- 
 joyning, durfl: approach no neerer, but cad about with their army and retired : and the further 
 they went from their enemies City , fo much the more carelefs they were, until they light upon 
 the Cof. /ywref;«; , who byhisefpials and fcouts , vvas afore that time acquainted what wayes 
 they would take, and was ready alfo to try battail. So with refolute and prepared hearts , they 
 let upon them, that with the fodain fear were amazed. And albeit they were in number lewer, 
 yet they difcomfited and put to flight a mighty multitude of them, and drave them within the 
 hollow vallyes, where becauft they had no ready way to get out, they kept them inclofed on eve- 
 ry fide in fuch lor t, thatthe whole name and nation welneer of the Volfcians, there utterly pe- 
 p rifhed. In Ibrne Chronicles I firid that there were 1 5470 flainrn the fight and chafe, and 1150 
 taken Prifoners alive, and 27 enfign; or banners brought away. It may well be that the number 
 perhaps doth fomewhat exceed the ttuch, yet a great llaughrer certainly there was. Trie Conful 
 having atchieved this viflory ■» and gotten a mighty great prey , returned into the Time ftanding 
 camp again. Then pitched both Conliils together, and the Vollcians joyntly with the,£quians, 
 rallied their Forces thus decayed and weakened, into one place, and made one entire army. This , 
 
 was the third fie'd fought, in that one year , andby thefamegood Fortune the Romans wan the 
 vidory: and having vanquifhed the enemies, they were Mailers alio of the camp. Thus the 
 City of ^.jwe recovered her felf, and returned to her ancient good e(tate. But this happy fuccefs 
 in War, immediatly (birred up civil troubles at home. C. Terentillm Arf.u for that yeara T.ri- 
 ■G bunof the Commons, fuppohng in the abfen c of theConfuls, good opportunity vvas offered to f^Jfgb''h'" 
 fetonfoot the Tribunsadions.'' and their proceedings : tor certain dayes together gave not over gj^'ft (he re. 
 before the Common^; , toaccn'e the greatpride and infolency of the Nobles: butepecially he elmcntofthe 
 inveighed againit thcConluls Regiment , as being too ahfohue , and in afreertateinto lerable. Conft-ls. 
 "For in nameonly^quothhe)!eU odious and hatetul it is than that of the KK. but in*a£l:in 
 *' very dead, more grievous and cruel. For why? In'kad ofoneLord- the City haih received 
 *' twain, and thofe having authority beyond all mealHre, unlimited and infinit : who being them» 
 
 H 3 '' felvss
 
 ^g 7 be third Boo\of T.Uvius, 
 
 « felves at their own liberty and unbridled, tnrned the edge of ail i re'i f^ht and dre:dr'n Ln vvs ; yea, H 
 " and the rigor of all punilTiment, againli the Commons. But \d\ in: s their licenticufneis fliculd 
 "coniinneforever, he was minded to prefer and publifli a LaW;b) verme whereof there flTOuld 
 "be five men created, who lliould fet down certain conduions, to limit andg^gethea-unonty 
 " of theConfuls : and look what authority and commilfion the people gi'inrcd out o.( nhem the 
 " lame fhould the Confulexercife, and no more, and not ruleof chemrelves, ano ufethcii own 
 « will and licentious iuft in flead of Law. This adl being once publiQied. and the Nobles fearing, 
 left whiles the Confuls were away, they fliouidbe taken down and yoked. ^"««. F.wiw P»eii- 
 denc of the City,3flembled the 5enate, who fo bitterly and fliarply in\ eighed agamft the Law and 
 the Law-giver himfelf, that if both the Confuls themfelves had (food abouc the Tribun oi purpofe t 
 to contradiftand irofs his proceedings, there had been no threats nor terrible menaces left for 
 ThtOrition them- to have thundred out. '^ For he laid lore unto hischarge.that he had lyen in wait and now 
 of ^. Ftbiut " having fpied the time to tit his purpofe, had given the venture to affail the C.W. and the State, 
 agiinft the a ^^i^j in cafe the Gods in their wrathful diipleafure had lent among them iucha Tribunas he the 
 Tribun of the ^^ ypgr before together with war and peiliience, there had been no remedy then, but he mull have 
 Commoiis. ^^ had his way and then they had been all undone. For when theConfuls both weredead, and 
 " the City iiy bed-rid as it were, in a mifenbie confulion oi all things, he would have made laws 
 .<' then indeed, to the utter aboliffiing of theConluls authority out of the Common -wealth , and 
 "been a ring-leader to Volfcians and jEquiansboth, for to have aflauited the City. For what 
 " might not he have lawfully done by vertue ot his place ? If the Confuls had either proudly ot K 
 *' cruelly proceeded againft any one Citizen, he might have entred an A£lion againli them, and 
 " convented themforiooth betore thofe very Judges, of whom peradventure feme one h.id been 
 "•by them hardly dealt withal. This would ha e been the courfe and end of it. And he that thus 
 ''did, fhould not caufe the Confuls authority and rule, but the Tribuns power to become odious 
 *' and intollerable : which having been oflate weil quieted and reconciled unto the Nobles, began 
 '' now afrefh to come unto the old biace, and to be troublefome again. Neither intreated he him 
 *'not to goonflill as he had begun. But yemy Malkrs (quoth f<3'/«^) that are the reft of the 
 " Tribuns, we would requeft you ro conhder well this one point efpecially : Thai this power you 
 *' have, was brought in for the fucrour and reliefof every particular perfon, and not to the general 
 '' prejudice and undoing of all. Again.that ye arecreated Tribuns of the Commons not enemies L 
 "■of the Nobles. A heavy andlamentablecafeit is to us, odious and hatetul unto you and will 
 "breed you muh ill w ill and difpleafure, in cafe the C. W. now forlorn, ftiould thus be invaded 
 " and n (Tailed, Yefhalllofenothingof your own right, 1 allure you, nay, you fhall avoid much 
 *' miflike and hatred of men, incaieye be in hand and deal wichyourbrother Tribun, to put off 
 "this matter and deferit wholly until the Confuls coming. Why, the very, £quians and Volfci- 
 " themfe'ves the iaft year, when both oi;r Confuls were dead of me pbgue.preHed not hardly up- 
 *' on us, to profecute any proud jnd cruel war againft us. So the Tribuns communed and peifwa- 
 ded with TerentiUtts : and this his commenced fuit or a£tIon being adjourned in outward Ibew, 
 but in very truth let fall quiteand difanuUedjtheCon.uls forthwith were fent for home. Lucre- 
 r/V returned enriched with a right great booty, but with far greater honor and renown. Who at M 
 his veryfirft coming wan himfelf more glory, by laying abroad in vJ/.;r/ field all the prizes, that 
 every man tor three dajeblp.ce might know his own ard ha\eit away. All the reft, that had no 
 owners to come forth and male claim . was fold in pcrt-!a!e. By all mens confcnt, the Conful 
 was thoug'it worthy of triumph : bowbeit that matter was put off by reafonthai the Tribun had 
 not vet done with his law : which was the thing that the Conful thought meet lliould he firft re- 
 garded. The matter was debated and treated for certain dayes, both in the Senate .'nd alfo before 
 the people. At 'aft the Tribun yeeided to the Ma jefty of the Conful and gave it over. Then was 
 due honor rendred both to the General and alio to the army accordingly. He triumphed over the 
 Volfcians and^quian?: and in hii- triumph his own legions fol'owed after him. Tothe other 
 Conful grmccd it was that he fhould in a kind of triumpb called Ov^xtio , ride into the! City, but N 
 without his fouldiers. The year next eniiiing, the Law To(?/.t/7/<« was by the whole Col'edge ot 
 Pndigloui fel!owfhip of the Tribuns revived and propounded again: whi; h put the new Cohfu's P. Voltim- 
 fighis. f,!._^s and Scr. Sttlpirins to fome trouble. A nd in the fame year the skie feemed to be on a light fire, 
 
 and there was an exceeding earthquake. And that which the year afore was no credit given unto, 
 wa"; now for truth believed, to wit, That a Cow did fpcak. Among other ftrange wonders it 
 rained flelTi : during which fliowre, a hugenumVr of towlsflew among, and were reported to 
 havefnatcht itand carted it away as it was in falling. But thn which fell down and efcaped their 
 tailor's, lav fcartcrcd here and therefor certain daye? in fuch fort, as the fent changed not at all, 
 rcr the flofh one jot r.ikcn and orrupred. Then the hooks fof S:h,!la) werepeaifedby theDu- 
 um' irs deputed over meters of Religion- who fore-told of fome dangers to enfue by a Company o 
 ofl^ringers, and gave warning to look left haply fome iflault fhould be made upon the higheft 
 placer of the City , and thereof a flsughter and maftacrc enfue. Amorgft rhe reft,warning was given 
 to abftain from civil difcord and mutinies: which the 'riSun'; found fiultwith as a devifed 
 mafcr to hinder the law. Whereupon "tear debate and romen-ion waslikeprefently to grow. 
 But behold, (that the revolution andconrfeofrroub'e' mig'T turn about evervvear rorbefame 
 point.^The Herniks bring news that the Volfcians had ^qulans for all their wings were well clip- 
 ped.
 
 The third Boo\^ of T. Li v iu s. ^ ^ 
 
 A ped, and their forces greatly decayed, began togather and levy nevv armies: Itetyi^ That in yiKti- 
 «w lay the whole weight and importance of the affair,-, and all depended upon it: That the An- 
 tiat coloners held their councels and had their meetings in open (how, acfrff;.;, hw Anta.m 
 was the prinLipai feat otthe war, and from thence came all prepjrarions and fortes vvh.u;oever. 
 As foon as theie news were reported in the Senate, order was given to mufterfoiildiers : and rhat 
 theConfulsfhouldpart between them the adminillration 2nd managing of his warjfo as the one 
 fhould have the charge againd the Voifcians, and the other againii the ^Eqiiians. BuctheTri- 
 bunsrungit out openly in the common Hall before the people, '• That this was but a made mat- 
 ••' terofttie Voifcian war, and ataledevifed by theHerniks, who were fuborned and framed to Tnbuns 
 B '' play their parts in the Pageant, and to ferve the turn of the Nobles. And that now verily th? PeivcJ^aea^'a 
 " freedome ot the people oi Rome vV is not opprefled or endangered by plain prowefs ?c \ ertiie, the Nobiliiy. 
 " but finely fliiited off and dallied cunningly withal,l'y llye and craity inventions. And forafmuch 
 "as now it was jnuoiikelythingandini-redible, that the Vollcians and yfiquians after fo great 
 "flaughter committed upon them, whereby they were all in a manner killed up, fhonldbeableof 
 " themfelvesto wage war there were, forfooth new enemies fought out: A faithful Colony near 
 '' adjoyning, was now Ibndred and defamed: war war pretended tor a fhew againit theguutiefs 
 "and innocent Antiats, but in truth, intended with the very Commons of /o-w^-, whom they 
 " meant to dri\ e out ol the City in all half e headlong, furtharged with hea\ y armor, and fo (by 
 ♦' turning out their poor fellow citizens into banilhment, and fending them away, God knovvsi 
 Q " whither) to be a-i enged at length of the Tribuns. And thus the Law (fay the Triouns , for they 
 " mult think their drift is to this end and to none other) fhouid be troden under foor, unlets 
 *< whiles all is entire and who.e, and nothing done, whiles they remain at home in their houfes, 
 " whiles thevbc in tneir gowns, they take heed and look well about them, that they be not dif- 
 "pofleHed of the City, and take the yoke of fervitude upon their necks: alluring them that if 
 " their hearts only fer.ed, they ihouid want for no help: and that all the Tribuns agreed and were 
 "of one mind, that there wasnocaufe offearabro.id, no forrain war co trouble them : lall of all, 
 " that the very providence of theCodstheyearbeforealTuredthem that their liberty mightwith 
 " fafety be detended. Theie and fn<.h like Remonlfrances gave the Tribuns out. On the other 
 part, the Conluiscanfing their chairs of eltatetobe fet, even in their light and prefcnce, began to 
 n multcr. Thitherranthe Fribun? down in all halt, and drew the whole afiembly ot people with 
 them. And, tomakeas it wereaprootandiryal, fome few by name were called, and (iraight- 
 wayes began altir. For w horn' oever the Sergeant by the Conlul his commandment arrefted,the 
 Tribunschargedagiinthat he fhouid be let go. And neither fide contained within the limits and 
 compafs of their commilTion and rigntful authority . bpt prcfumed o*^ their might and firong 
 hand, to attain unto their defired pu'-pofe. For even as the Tribuns had demeaned tbemfJv es in 
 forbidding the multer; femblably the Senators beftirred themfelves to Itop the law for going for- 
 ward : whi:hw^s propounded every Court day,and when the people mightalTemble. And ever- 
 more the bra wt began, when the Tribuns commanded che people to avoid the Hall, for that the 
 Putriti, would not endure thus to be fet out and ex ludcd. Few or none of the ancients woulcJ " 
 £ be prefent at thcfe troiiblc:ome Itirs, being iu:h as were not to be managed and ordered by fage 
 Councel, but wholly le''t to the rafhnefs and boldnefs ofyoung and green heads. The Confulsalfo 
 were much abient and forbare to be in place, for fear lelt in futh a contufeJ hurliburiy their Ma- 
 jerty and dignity, might have been fubjeft to fome fhameful contumely and dilgrace. But there 
 was among them one Ca^o Qivnttus, a lufty young Gentleman and a (tout, in regard both of hi? 
 noble pa rent age, as ,nlfo of the goodly tail penbnageand nrength of his body. Be;.des theJegood 
 parts that God had beflo wed upon him. he had won himfelr' many ornaments by futdry exploits 
 atchieved in wars: He had withal an eloquent fpee^h and a good grace at the bar, foas, in one 
 word, throiiohout the whole City, there was not one thonght to be more ready in tonnge, or 
 taller of his hands. ThisC<£/o Handing in the inidit o! the Nobles, higher to be feen above all che 
 preft, as one that in his ipeech and nrength,carried afore him the countenance andauthority of all 
 Diftators ^nd Con'uls, was the on'y man that bare oft'the brunts of Tribuns , andllorms of the 
 common people. Many n time were the fribuns driven out o' common Hall, the Commonalty c£fo J^u'miut 
 defeated and put ro flight by the co-duel of this Captain. Whofoever came within his reach, a bitter ad i^er- 
 was furctogo away throughly beaten, and dean (tripped. So asitevldenly appeared, ifthis fjry o*^ the l»w 
 courfe mii.'ht have been allowed, thelavT had foonbeencheikcdand overthrown. Nowwhenall '^"'^' "' 
 the other Tribuns befde-; were herewith dilmayed and wclneard.airted. At'JiuV.rrriiutis zlons.-, 
 being one of their fellow lliip, was fo bold, as to enter an aflion ;:g3in(tr<c/o, ofa c.ipltal crime. 
 By which deed of hi^,he nther fired, than teared his hot and furious nature. For fo mu( h the 
 more e.";e'!y withHo vj he the L,i >v , courted and troubled the Common'^.and perfecuttd the Tri- 
 G buns AS it were with open war. The piaintiffe in the mean time, I'uffered the defend.mt to run on 
 ftill, and with mnny ourrage> to kindle more coals of ill will and hatred upon his own head, and 
 tominilterrurthermatfrofcrimestobecharged with. And all the while he; eafed nottoprefec 
 theLavv3*"Trefiid-,not''o mn:h of any hope to bring itto pafs,asto pro' oke and f:c on work the 
 g'ddy he^d and humorous vein of r^jfi. Whereby it cametopafs, that miny follies oftentimes 
 were -'^mmitted both in word and deed, by the yonger fort : and evermorethe bl.Tne light upon 
 poor C<«/"« : he alone was alwayes charged, becaufe he had been once fufpefted. But nevertheie($ 
 
 hs
 
 "^ ~ V he third Boo\of T. Livius, 
 
 hee gainlayed and eroded the Law. And AHlusFtrginiustvti and anon wonld entertain the Com- H 
 mens with thefe and fuch like fpeeches/' See ye not already (quoth he) O Quirhes^ that ye may 
 "not now have C-t/o your Citizen, and the law which you dehreboth together. But what mean 
 " I to fpeak of your Law ? It is your liberty that he iniringeth and fetteth himfelfagainft, and in 
 *■• pride and arrogancy he excecdeth all the T^r(jttws that ever were. But wait, ye were beft-until 
 "hebemadeaConful orDidlator, whom ye fee already^beingbutaprivateperlbn tobear him- 
 'Melf fo greatly of his (kengih and boldnefs,as toLord it overyoUjandruleasaKing.Many foo- 
 thed the Tribune and faid the like, adding moreover, how they had been well knocked and bea- 
 ten at his hands : and were forward enough of themfelves to fet the Tribune on, to proceed in 
 his commenced aftionagainft him, I 
 
 Now was the law day of judicial trial come: and itfeemed abroad,th2tall men verily thought 
 that the very foundation of their liberty conhifed in the condemnation of C^jo. In conclnhonj 
 driven he was with much indignity and fhame, to creep and crouch unto every man, fubmifii, ely 
 craving their favor one after another.There feconded him his kinsfolk and reereh iriends,the belt 
 m?.x\o\i\\Q.C\V'j.TitHsQ^ntiHsCa}>itol!iiiis., v\ho had been thrice Comui, fpake in his behalf: and 
 ^^^TTh' after he had reckoned up many honors and dignities,both of bis own and a foof hisfamilyjnftir- 
 minyofchs "led. thatneithet in the houfeand race of ^/»f/;,nor yet throughout the City of^,.?;;^ was ever 
 Nobilicy. feen fo great tow ardnefs, no fuch fhew and likelihood of ripe and per'.eftvertue and prowefsas 
 in Cdtfo: faying, that he had been firft his fouldier, and ierved under him and that with his own 
 eys he had feen him oftentimes fight valiantly hand to hand with his enemies in the held. Again K 
 Sf. Fufiiis mzde this good report of him, That upon a time, when himielfwas ingre^t diltrefs 
 and extremity, C'«Jo was frnt unto him Irom QuiyitiusCafttoltyjus-jio help at a pinch : and that there 
 was no one man, by whofe good fervice, as he thought, the Weal-pub!ick at that time was more 
 relieved and reftored, then by his.L. Lwre?/«;the Conful laft year before glittering in his bright 
 gloryfofeQi and new, joined with the reftiavowingr^t/t? partaker withbiminhis praife-worihy 
 i&.s •■ he recounted his brave combats, rehearfed his noble exploit?,both in his rodes and voiages, 
 and alfo inthe pight field-ad vifing & counfelling them that in any hand they would retain him ilil 
 forto be a Citizen of their own City, rather then of any other, thisexcelent young gentleman, 
 furnifhed with allgood gifts of nature and fortune, like toprove a fingular flay of the publick af- 
 fairs, into what City and State foever he fhould come. As for that heat and hafiinefs (quoth he^ L 
 which was in him mifliked and offenfive, age and time would dayly diminifh, and bereave him 
 ofit :''raveandfagecounfel, which now was wanting, would come on apace every day more 
 then other.Seting therfore his faults waxed old and faded, his vertues now were in theirorowth, 
 flouriflied,andgrewripeuntoperfe6"tion;theyfhould permit fo brave, io rare aperl'on,"'to live 
 nil among them, and be a good old man in this their City. His father am ong the reft, L. Qui/itws-, 
 furnamedC/>««?^vj «^, went another way to work: who not by iterating Oil bis prai!es,for lear of 
 tieapingmorematterofenvy and repine, but craving pardon for his wildnels and youthful de- 
 meanor; befough: them for hisfakeatleaftwife,togive the fon as a prefent to his father, who 
 neitherin word nor deed had ever offended any perfon.' Some took no heed and gave a deaf ear 
 to his prayers, either for modefty and reverence, or for fear. Others complaining how they and M 
 theirs had been beaten and hardly ufed at hisbands,bewraied andfliewed plainly by their fhrewd 
 andchurlifh anfwers what their judgment was. BeHdes, the common miflike and malice concei- ^ 
 ved againft the defendant, there was one perilous matter and crime above all? that touched him I 
 veryneer. And that was this .• iW. A^//«»jF;ff(7rj who certain years before had been Tribune of 
 the Commons, came In againft him as a witnefs, and depofed,how that not long after the plague 
 was in the City, he hapned upon a company of youths as they madea riot and robbery in the 
 Submra : where there arofe a brawland fray, in which his elder brother, a man wel in years, and 
 hot throughly recovered of his hcknefs, was with a buffet with r*/o his fiftfell'dto the ground, 
 and lay there for dead rfoas he was fain to be had home bet ween mens arms; and as he deemed, 
 ofthatblow he died : yet might not he as hainous as the tad was, bringhis action and profecute N 
 the law, for fear of the Confuls of thefe laft years. As Fo/fcias thus informed, the whole court was 
 moved therewith, info much that C<c/o cfcapedhardiy,from being murdered, inthdt rage and fu- 
 ry of the people. Then r/rfl-/»;«j commanded to lay hold on the man, and to have him away to 
 prifon. The Pamtii so^'in by force refifted force. T. Qui>}ttus cried out. That he who was under 
 arreft for to make his appearance, and anfwet at a day for his life, and who niotiy fl^.ould come 
 tohistrul and be judged, ou>^ht not before fentence of condemnation . and before he had plea- 
 ded for himfelf, thus violently be mifufed. The Tribune replied again, That his meaning was not 
 topunifti him before he were condemned •• howbeic by his leave he wouM be lo bold as keep 
 him faft inp ifon, tobe forth-coming at the law d.iy ; thit be who had killed a man, might fuf- 
 fer therefore according as the people of ^^w ftiou d award.Thenvvere rhe Tribunes called un- O 
 tofor their he'p, who by the means of an indifferent de ree then m de, fhewed their lavvfu fa- 
 vours with fpeed. By vercue whereof they forbid exprefly. that he ftiou d not be imprifoned but 
 pronouned thit it W3S cheir wil and p eiUire, that the defendant fhonld perfonily appear, and 
 apieceof money bepromifed untothe people, inc.fe thit hemade default and failed of his ap- 
 pearance. MurhqudVion there vva^whst fum of money fhonld be thnusht reafonabletobepro- 
 mifed. And the cnacter was put over to the Senate to be decided ; and whilft the Senators fate 
 
 there-
 
 The third Boo{ ofT. Li vius. 8i 
 
 A thereupoD,che defendant vvaskepcHiilin ward within the common Hall. Ac length they thought 
 
 good and fet it do wn^thac he fliould put in lureties. And they bound eat. h furciy in - ooe * Aiies. » .-, „ 
 But how many of thefe fliould putin band, was lett tothe will and dilcretionot the Tribuns,who (i?&c\7 '^' 
 aiTigned and determined ten and no more. With fo many tureties the puintifF bound the defen- 
 dant perlonaiiy and peremptorily to appear at his day. T his man was the tirli Roman that went 
 under ipeciai bail and put in good pledges to make his publii.kanfvver. Thus being enlarged out 
 of the common Hall and difmifled the next night tollowing, unavvarqs to the Conful, he depar- 
 ted to the Tuwaa- into exiiC. When the diy of this judgement wascome, and that it was alied- 
 oed lor his excufe. 1 hti he was oiu otrhe town and gone int^ banilliment : yet nekerthelefs 
 
 g ^^/j-^-j/.v.'.afftmhied rh. Dt il'? about this matter: but his fellow Tribunes being called unto tor 
 their heipjdiimilledihi. Co, r and li-enicde- try man to depart. But the forefaid money was crur 
 elly ex'dcdathisf-theis hards, fo thathevvis oriven to le.lup all that ever he had, and fora 
 longtimetoii.e apart asaperio' coniiricd on the other i;de olTybetj in apoor bind co.tage 
 outofthevvay. This procersotjudgementiandthepreti-rrmgot'the law abovefaidtogether, bu- 
 fiedtheCiiyandkept it occupied. Q^iict they wi. re. for any wars abroad. At what time the Tri- 
 bunes like Conquerers, feeing the Nobies appalled at the baniflimert of (?<«/''., luppoled now 
 their law was in manner fully elf abliiTied and eni>^ted. And for as much as the more ancient Se- 
 nators haddilpoffeffedthemlelvesias it were, of tji:: Common-weal, andmcdicdnot for their 
 own parts with the State ; the younger fort.and u h efpecially as were oiCdfa his true and ac- 
 
 Q quaintance, were kindled the more againlf the Commons, and abated not their courage : mar- 
 ry, this good thereby was done upon chem,th;c in lomemeaiiire they tempered and ruled their 
 furious affeitions and violent outrage. Thehrit time a'ti.r the exile of C<c/o, chat the law began a- 
 gainto be propoled they being well appointed and banded together, ba.kedalfo with a mighty 
 company oi their friends and fa I orites fet upon t,he Iribuncfs : takmg the occalion when they 
 charged chem todeparc out of che hall in fueh manner, that no one of them above his fellows was 
 finguiar or carried home with him any ipe^ialpriile or bl-ime more then another: buttheCom- 
 mons complained thatfor one(^<c/9, there vveienow ifart upa thoufand. All the days between, 
 wherein the Tribunes medied not with theirlaw, none more quiet , none more peaceable then 
 they themfelves. Courteoufly they would lalute and fpeak unco the Commons, ac all ocher times 
 
 i> they woold im ite them home to their houfes and make them good cheer, alTitt them and be pre- 
 fent with them in the common Hail futfer the Tribunes themleives without any interruption or 
 impeachment to keep their ourtsand hoid their afl'emblies whatfoever : fhewing themleives at 
 no time to any of them either publicklv or pruately tier e and cruel, but only when they went in 
 hand ;vith c'^e law, for otherwiie the vonng Genciemen were popular enough. And not only in 
 other ci'.ifej mi dc the Tribunes good di pat h.and went quietly through all their burine{res:buc 
 alfo the lame men a ere cho.m again fr the next year to Jowing withcutanyfoul and crofs word: 
 fofar werethey £on being offered any forcible violen e: and thus by foft handling and gentle 
 dealing, they had now by Jttle and litt.e won the Commons, and made them as it were comeco 
 hand, rtndfob/thefe hnt fetches and devices, for one whoe year the law was fhifted off, and 
 
 E prettily avoided. The City being now in more quietrtate,C.C/'iv^;«^ the Ion o{ j-Jppiw and P. Va- 
 lerius PopLcoLz, came to be Confuls. And no news this new year : for the fame care (Hll, either a- 
 boiit preterring or jdmitting the law, held the City occupied. As much as the puny Nobles infi- 
 r lated themfelves moreinto che favour and familiarity of che Commons : fo much more eagerly 
 againoncheotherfide, did the Tribunes labour and endeavor with complaints andflanders, to 
 bring them inco fufpition and jealoufie with che Commons ; Saying that there was a confpiracy 
 intended and contrived : that C<tf> was in Rcmc that there were plots l<id to murder the Tribuns, 
 and lomalfacre the Commons : rhit they werefeton work by feme great ones, even the Anci- 
 ents of the Nobles, utterly co abolilTi the Tribunes anthority out of the C. W. and to bring and 
 reduce che City to the fame pais again, as it had been before the taking and keeping hoid in the 
 
 F Mount .J.icfr. Befides all this, war was feared from the Volfcians and ^Equians (lb ordinary it 
 wa:^ and fo duly once every year it came about J yea and with all,anct.:;ermifchief newly fprung, 
 and unlookedfor. 
 
 A rabble ofbaniQied perfonSjOudaws and Bondflaves, to the number of 4500 having to their TheC>pitol 
 Captain one yip.Wcrdoinus a Sabin, lurprifed in thenight the Capitoll and Callle, ard were ma- Turprired by 
 Iters thereof.VVho immediately killed in the caflleas many as would not be ot their confpiracie& q",^* '"'* 
 takearmes with them.Thereft,amid this hurliburly ran headiongdown into theMarkec place for 
 fear. The al'army was given on all hands : and co cry heard but yfrme^ Arme^ the enemies are 
 in town. The Confuls were afraid to put che Commons in arms, and they doubted alio to let chem 
 be unarmed, not knowing what fudden occurrent this fliould be, that thus had entred and poflef- 
 
 G fed checicy: whether it wereforraignordomelliral, arifing from the malice and hatred of the 
 people, or from the treachery and falfliood of chcir fcrvants; Yet they deviled to appeafe the up- 
 roar : and as they were bufie to reprefs it. the more ocher-while they liirred upnew: forthe 
 ftighted and amafed multitude, could not be ordered by any commandment. Howbeit at length 
 they refolved to fuller them to take arms, and not all in general, bntonly (for that they knew not 
 what their enemies werej co have a fufficienc and crufty guard about them, ready at ail aflayes 
 and dangers whatfoever. Inthiscarefulfufpenceanddoubt, who were their enemies, and what 
 
 their
 
 82 
 
 The third Boo{ofT, Livius. 
 
 The P.odi- 
 iriitionof y4f)- 
 piiii Herdtni' 
 «! , Captain of 
 thefliVrs. 
 
 The ^ration 
 of p. yt(frm 
 to the people. 
 
 their number was, they paffed the left of the night, dilpofing firong watch and ward in all meet j_j 
 andconvenient pUi-esot t^e City. But the day light dil'clofed the war and the Captain there- 
 of, ylppiia Herdoniw from out of the Capitol proclaimed freedom to all bondmen that would 
 come and follow him : '" taking upon him torfooth to defend the caufe of moff miferablecaicifs: 
 " namely, to reftore home again unto their native country ali fuch exiled perfons , as had been 
 « wrongfully expelled, and alio to take away the heavy yoke of flavery and bondage. Which 
 "thin^'^he cou.d wifh icmight be effected and brought about with the good wiU and helping 
 " hand of the people of j^^we.But in cafe there were no hope & comfort there, then he would al- 
 ' fay the Vo'if.ians and jEquians^yea, and procure whatrheans he could, by allhardcourles and 
 "^ extremities whatloei er. Now the Nobles and Coff. began to fee more into the matter : and i 
 befides thofe dangers that wereinview , and prefently threatned, theyfeared fome pradilelrom 
 the Veientians or the Sabins : and le(t, there being already fo many enemies in the City, the legi- 
 ons and Tufcans fliould combine together,and come upon them. Over and befides, lelt their old 
 enemies and perpetual, the Volfaans and ^E-quians fhould now at once, not, as aforetime,invade 
 their borders and drive booties, but give an attempt upon the very City > which was already in 
 fome part, taken andpoffefled by enemies. Many and fundry were their fears. _ But of all other 
 the dread and jealouly of their own bondflaves prefented unto them mo(f imminent and prefenc 
 danger : for fear, left every man harboured his enemy at home in his own houfe, whom neither 
 he c^ouldtrnftfeairely, nor yet mi'^rulfs withoutfome jeopardy : fearingleft being once difcre- 
 dited, he might prove the more malicious and bent to do a mifchief. And to fuch freights they -^ 
 were driven , that with all their concord and agreement , they hardly were able to remedy the 
 matter, and to flop the extremity. So greatly the future troubles like to enlue, exceeded thofe 
 that prefently appeared and were in light, that no man feared either Tribuns and Commons, 
 That mild and gentle kind of malady, in comparifon of others, and rifing alwayes by occafionof 
 relf from all other, feemed thenby reafonof aforreinterror , flilled clean and brought aflecp. 
 And yet fee, that was the only thing in a manner that lay hardefr upon them, ready to bear down 
 to the ground their ftate, which now began already to flirink and reel. For fo furioufly and mad- 
 ly were the Tribuns bent, that they Hifly would (land to it, and bear men in hand , That it was 
 no war, but a vain iltufion and colour of war, and no other, that had feifed on the Capitol ; for 
 nothino elfe but to withdraw the minds of the Commons from intending and following their j. 
 Law: and that a fort of clients, followers, and favorits of the Nobility and Gentry were ga- 
 thered totjether , who if they might once perceive that the Law were paffed, and that all the itir 
 they had made, took no effefl, would flip away foon and begone, in morefilence I wis, than they 
 thither came. Whereupon they called the people away from their armor and weapons,and fum- 
 moned them to an affembly, to go through with iheirLaw and Enad it now or never. In the 
 mean timetheCoflf.heldaCouncel fearinga greatermifchief like to enfue from the Tribuns,than 
 the enemies had wrought in the night feafon. And when word was brought that arms were laid 
 avvay,and that the people had abandoned theirquarters wherethey were let inguard,ihen Pyd. 
 leaving his collegue to keep the Senat together, departed half ily out of the Court & went (Iraight 
 into the Temple to the Tribuns."What work is here my Maflers(quoth he)youthat are Tribuns? M' 
 " Are ye about to overthrow the State indeed, under the condud of Ap.Hirdomm} and who was 
 '■ notable to folli'.itanddo any thing with your bondilaves and fervants,was his hap fo good as to 
 " corrupt and inveigle your felves?ls this your pleafure and to your good liking,whiles the enemy 
 '' is over our heads, to haveourarmcr laid afide, and laws preferred ? Then turning his fpeech to 
 *• the whole multiti^de: Ifye take no regard norcare(0 ^;r//-«)of the City jfye pals not for your 
 '• feh es yet have fome reverence, and Rand in fear of the Gods of your native counrrey, which by 
 " your enemies are now taken Prifoners and captivate://<;;7.0pf.,^/<i.v. that molf bountiful and Al- 
 "mighty God, Qjieen J^w and MtnervA, with all the reff of Gods, Goddeffes (and heavenly 
 "wights) are bcfieged: Outlaws and bondflaves are encamped about your Tutelar Gods, and 
 '• have inpoflefTiontheProredors and Patrons of your City, Is this, think ye, the form of a wife », 
 '' and well governed City ? is it in good cafe indeed and as it ought to be ? So many enemies not 
 " only within the walls, but alio aloft upon the cliff within tbe Canlc,overlooking and comman- 
 '' dlrg both Hall and Court: and all the while, the people aflembleintheHall-, Senators fit in 
 "Court like as when we enjoyed peace and were at relf: the Senator he delivereth his opinion at 
 '•the Councel boord: the citizens of ^awf befides, ar,;bufy in their fcrutinies and giving their 
 '■'• voyces. And had it not been more meet and decent that both Nobility and Commonaky,Con- 
 " fuls and Tribuns, God and Man, all armed together, fhould fet to their helping hand, fliould 
 '• run up into the Capitol to deliver,fave,andf,.*t in quiet that moff (lately and facred houfe oijup. 
 " Oft. Max,} O Father Romttlnt, vouchfafe, 1 befeech thee, that mind and that courage unto thy 
 "■ lucceflors and poflerity, whereby fometime thou didft recover and win again this fortrefs from Q 
 " thefe fame Sabin?, betrayed andlollby cormption,and for a fum ofgold:command them toen- 
 ''ter eventhat way ,which thou firftledfl, and thy valorous army followed after, Lo, I theCon- 
 '' ful,fofarfortha? a mortal man polfibly may, will follow thee an immortal God, and thyfoot- 
 " (ieps. The conclufion of his fpeech was this, That as he put himfclf in arms, lo all the Romans 
 Avail do the like.And in cafeany man went about to hinder this,he would without regard ofCon- 
 fuls rule and dignity.or Tribuns authority & mightjpafs for no facred or inviolable laws: but wh.5t 
 
 or
 
 ^he third Boo^ofT.hiv'mSe 83 
 
 A or wherefoever he vvere,in Capitol, in marketplace, all as one, take him for an cnemy,and deal 
 accordingly. Let the Tribuns (tor afmuch as they forb.id to take arms againli Af.Hirdonnisyom- 
 mand hardly, and ipare nor^to arm againft P. Vderim the Conful : It ilioiild be well I'een that he 
 would dare and do that by the Tribuns, which the firll: othis houfeand name looietimc had done 
 bytheKK. A great broii was toward, and no other like, buithat they would have gone toge- 
 rhtr by the ears, and that thcmutinyotthe Romans, would have been agoodly Ipevftaclc lo the 
 enemies tor to behold. But all this while, neither could the law be preferred, nor the Conl'ui go 
 up into the Cipitol. The night at length Hayed thefe brauls begun, and hufLt all. The Tribuns 
 fearing the armed forces ot' the Conluls, yeelded to the darknels of thenight, and gave over. Now 
 
 B when the printipal Authors of the dilcord were once gone out of the way , The Nobles went a- 
 bout to the Commons, intruding themlelves into their companies as they were met in knots to- 
 ge:her: where they would enter into talk and dikonrie withthem, according to the prefent oc- 
 cafinns and the time, admonilljing them to take heed into what danger they brought the State. 
 " For afmuch as now (quoth they) it is not a matter of debate between the Senators and Com- 
 " mons : but both Senators and Commoners, the Cadle and Urongett hold ot ihe City the Tem- 
 " pies of the Gods their houles both pubiivkand private, were ready to be yeelded unto theene- 
 " mies. Whiles thele things were a praAibng in the common place, for to appease the diiiention: 
 the Confu:s for fear ., iell the Sabins or the Veientians, enemies both, fliouldHir and rife, were 
 gone to the gates- and ail about ttie walls. The fame nightcame tidings alfo to TptfctdurK of the 
 
 Q taking of the Callle, the furpriling of the Capitol, and likewife of thetroublciome State wherein 
 the C.ty iiood. At that time was L. \:amiltHs^ Diilator of Ttifcvln-.n '■ he forthwith called a Se~ 
 nate to>'ether, brought inthe Mcifengers of the forelaid news, and thought it very expedient and 
 ' neecifnl not to vv.iit until there came Embafladors from ^sw^e to crave their aid ■ torthatthe 
 " prefent peril it felf alone, the urgent ne eirity, their fecial Gods,and the faithful bond of league, 
 '' required no lefs at their nands than to fend luccour: adding moreover, that the Godsvvould 
 *' ne'. er give rhtm the like ocra (ion and opportunity again, to gratify the Romans; to bind and 
 " oh ipe nnr'^ them by a found benefit and plealiiredone, fo mighty a City, and fo nccraneigh- 
 *■ bo>ir. Whvire'ipon it was dci reed, to reicue them with all fpeed. The able menoffervice were 
 taken up and enrolled, munition and armor given them in their hands : who advaming toward 
 
 D Rome by break ofday, feemed a far offto be enemies, and were taken for the jEquians or Volfci- 
 an,. B'Tt .ifcerwards, when this fooiifl-i fear was overblown, fhey were received into the City : 
 and man.htd down in order of bittell to the marketplace. Where, at the very fame time i»;/A. 
 Valerius having left his feilow Conlul to guard and fortify the gates, was fetting his men in array. 
 The ai'thority or the man had prevailed with the people, for he promifedand afliircd them, that 
 if the Capitol were onie recovered, and the City fet in quiet, if they would fuffer him to be in- 
 formed what fraudu ent and lecret mifchiet was underhand pradlifed by the Tribuns under co- 
 lonrof;his Law- he would in remembrance of his ancertors, and of his *furname (which inre- *?o^lkol>, 
 gard ofthjaffeilionate loveuntothepeople,by a fpecialcare, asit were by inheritance from his 
 frref.\-.hcrs, was recommended unto him) not hinder and trouble the meetings andaflembliesof 
 
 ^ the Commons, nor crofs and thwart their proceedings. They followed him therefore as their 
 Captain gii.i-fiy the Tribuns what rhey could (for all would notferve) advanced forward, and 
 mar.hed up agamlt the riling of the Capitol Hill. The Tufculan Legion Ruck dofe unto them, 
 and followed after. Citizens and AfloLiats both did their beH, and drove who fliould regain the 
 Capitol firl>, and hive the honor of that day. Each Captain exhorted and encouraged his men. 
 Then began the enemies to fear, and widnot well what to trull: unto, but on!y the kituation of 
 the place. The Romans and their allies feeing their fear, came forward and advanced their Stan- 
 dards againlt them. Now by this time were they broken into the pordi of the Temple. Where ' • h 
 P. r.i.'Tmfightin", manfully a.mong the formoft in the vanguard, wasflain, P. Vcl:tra,r.ns a Con- confulflTin/ 
 
 F fularman, faw him when he fell : who gave his men in charge to cover hisbody, andllepthim- 
 felf into theConfuls room, and fought in his ffead. The fouldiers fot heat and eagernefs oi fight, 
 took no regard, and came tono knowledge of this fo great mifchancc, but got the vitlory, ere 
 they knew that they fopght without their Captain. Many of the outlaws vvereihereilain, and ^ {''^o"'"* 
 polluted the Temple with their bloud ; Many taken alive Prifoners, and Hirdon.-u; himfelfwas com" i ices'* dc- 
 flain outright. So the Capitol was again recovered. The captives, as they were either bond or icjted! 
 free, were executed every one sccording to cheircondition and place. The Tufculans had thanks 
 given them. The Capitol was (.leanfcd, purged, and hallowed anew. The Commons, as it isre- 
 ported,calt*Q'iadrants or mites into the Conful his houfe, that hemi"ht withureaterpompof »n,-^r,r., ^ 
 tunerals neb ought to the ground. ,,ic^ ofbiafs 
 
 When all was appeafed and in quiet, the Tribuns were carreft with the Nobles to perform coii,tliefourth 
 
 the promife of P. Faleriu^ : they were Inflant alfo with ( Litiditu , to aiVoil the foul , and keep ic I'^f^ "*' A?,and. 
 frorn bUme of his ''ellovv Conful late deceafed : and to permit the law to be fee on foot and go (ue nd' c ^' ^' 
 forward. TheConfnl flarly denied to fnfterr hem to meddle with the law. before he had fublHtu- 
 
 e 
 
 ted a fellow in his plare. And thefe contentions held unto the time oftheerand Eledlion forth 
 lubfiiruting of a new Conful. And in the month December , after mu h fuit, and labouring of 
 the Nobles, was L, O^'intipts Chiciyi:-i.ru- , the father of Tiep, created Conful and prefentiy to 
 enter into his office. The Commons herewith were much troubled and llrucken dead, now that 
 
 ihey
 
 84 
 
 The third Bool^ofT, Livius. 
 
 The Oration 
 ot L.^nniuii 
 CincmnaiHs,'c- 
 proving the 
 Senate and 
 Commons of 
 
 K 
 
 they were to have an angry Conful, andmighty withal : confideringthe favour ofthe Nobles u 
 wherein heltoodand his own vertue &: prowefs befides;by realbn alfo cfbis three fons^ot whom 
 there was not one, that for hautinefsot mind came behind C'<;/o,and for wildom-, diRretion and 
 moderation ^v\hen time and occahon ferved) went far beyond him. Who being once ei tred into 
 his office, in all his pubiick fpeeches and orations, continually ceafed not as well to bridle, reftrain 
 and keep in the Commonalty , as alio to chaftife fliarply the Senate; through the rcmifnefs of 
 vvhich degree ,S: want of courage, it was come to pafs^that the Tribuns became now to continue 
 Hill in office, and not as in the Common-wealth ofthepeopleof i^,»;^, but as in lom.e unruly and 
 difordered hou;e,vvith their lavifh tongue raigned as ic were^and ruled the roft: faying, "■ That to- 
 *'gether with his fon C^o all vertue and conliancy, all commendable qualities that graced youn^ j 
 " Gentlemen both in war and peace, were chafed and utterly banilhed out of the City of Rome', 
 "In lieu whereof, biblers, mutinous perfons, and fowers of fedition and diflention; are become 
 " Irihuns the lecondjyea^and the third time:vvho by indirefl courfes &: lewd pradlifes live Icofe- 
 " ]y in the City Jike Princes and Kings. That fame ^Jus rir?iniHf there, fquoth he) hath he de- 
 <* ferved lefs punifliment than jdf.Hcrdonuu-jh^cmk he vvas"notin the Capitol with the rabbleof 
 " other Rebels ? Nay, much more a good deal^if a man wi J weigh the matter aright and truely. 
 " Herdoyiim,(\\. there were nothing elfe) yet by profelTing himfelt to be an enemy, advertifed you, 
 "and gave you warning in a manner to arm your felves. But he, by bearing you downfoconfi- 
 " dently,that there was no war,whatdid he elfe but difarm you,and as it were.take your weapons 
 " from you,and offer you naked to the devotion and mercy of your bondmen and outlaws? And 
 " have ye (under corre6fion be it fpoken,and faving the reverence and honor oi C.Claudius here, 
 " and /'J'^j/f^/w/ that dead \s) advanced your enhgns up the Capitol Hill; before you had rid the 
 " market place and common Hall of thefe enemies ? It is a fhame (before God and man I fpeak it) 
 " when our enemies were in the Caflle and Capitoljwhen the Captain and Ringleader of outlaws 
 "and flayes,abode and lodged within the Chappels and Sand^uaries oiJiip.Opr.M.:.\:,io thepro- 
 " phanation and polluting of all,that they at Tufa:/.jm fhould take them to their weapons beiore 
 " us of i?owe,and that ic fhoiild be doubted,whether L.Man.ihus theTufculan General,or P.V.I. 
 " andC.(r/<«W////,the Roman Confuls;fliould fave the Fortrefs diKome : and that we, who hereto- 
 '- fore would not fufFer theLatines in their own defence, when they had their enemies in their 
 " borders, fomuch as once to take weapon in handjfliould now our felves have been furprifed and L 
 " deftroyed.had not they, the very fame Latins of their own accord,put themfeh es into armor for 
 " our fakes. Is this your fuccouring and helping the Commons, (O ye Tribuns^ tor to expofe and 
 " caft them unarmed before the enemy , to have their throats cut?I wis,if the meaneft or bafett per- 
 " fonof your commonalty, which you have difmembred from the whole body ofthepeopiebe- 
 "• fides.andmadeit, as it were the native country of your own, and a Comrpon-wealth peculiar 
 " only to your felves ; Ifany oneofthem Ifay,l'liouId bring you word, that his houfe were befet 
 '•^ round about, with a company of fervants and flaves in armor, you would think it meet that he 
 <' were aided and fuccoured : And when luf. Oft. M.ix. was befieged with a power of armed 
 "^outlaws and bondflaves, was he not worthy of mans help ? And yet thefe men would be coun- 
 * [ted and held for S aero fmtti', i. Sacred and inviolable, with whom the very Gods themfelves are M 
 '• not facred and inviolate. And notwichftanding, that ye are thus overcharged andftayned with 
 " fins both againR God and Man, ye go up and down, and fay, That this year you will get your 
 " law to pafs, and make it fure. In truth , if ye prefer it again,then I mulf needs fay the Comttion- 
 " weal is ill bcfiead^and had a flirewd turn that day whereon 1 was created Conful,yea and worfe 
 " a good deal than at what time P. Valerius the Conful was flain. But now firlf and formoft 
 " Cquoth he j O Qiiirites, my colleague and I both5are minded to lead forth our legions immedi- 
 " ately againll the Volfcians and the .-Equiansjhow the Divine Providence of God hath appoint- 
 " ed it, I know not,but furely we find the Gods more gracious and favorable unco us in our wars 
 "ordinarily, than in time of peace. And in what danger we had (food of thole nations, in cafe 
 " they had known that theCapitol was in the hands and pofleflion ofoutl3ws,better itis to suefs xj 
 "bythat which i^-paft,than to try indeed by prefent experience. The Conful his Oration moved 
 •■' and galled the Commons.The Nobles took heart., and were In a good belief that the world was 
 " well mended ,and the (fate better reformed. The other Cof. more hearty to follow than to le,->.d, 
 and who was well content that his fellow had broken the ice before,and taken in hand to dealfirft 
 in lo weighty amatter, willingly challenged unto himfclfthe charge to perform the prt and office 
 of a Conful, in theexc:utionand accompliflimcnt ofthofedelignments. But then the Tribuns 
 raadeagametherat,andlettinglight acthe Conful his words.inferred again and demanded, how 
 the Confnls would lead out an army, and no mm fuffer them to mufler t'ouldiers. Marry fquoth 
 0!!ra,iis)\vc need no mulkring at all :for,at what timeas P.V.l.riKS armed the Commons to re- 
 cover again the Capitol, they were all fworn ur to him ^and took their oath in this formjT'o ajfem- O 
 hie together at the Conful his comma: dement, andnct depart from their colours without his leave a-id 
 licence. We will and charge you i\ therefore, that have taken this oath to prefent yonr felves to 
 * Liio dc Praf- morrow,with your armour,2t the lake of * Re^^ill;^! without fail.Then the Tribuns began to cavil 
 ft d'-odt s.Se- and wrangle and would needs have the peopledi;-:harged in their confcience of that oath: ailedg- 
 vtra. ing how when they took that military Sacrament, Q^.tius was but a privat perfon. There was 
 
 not as yer.that ne^Jea & contempt of theGods emred into the world,which now reignethevery 
 where and is lb rii'e : neither did men interpret their oathsj and conflrue la ws,to ferve their own 
 
 purpofe,
 
 J he third Boo\ of T. Livius. 85 
 
 A purtofe, bufatheratteinpered and hamed their lives and demeanour thereunto. The Tribunes 
 tht'efore, keing no hope to binder toe thing, began themlelves to treat about letting forward 
 the army •• and the rather, becaule there ran a rumour abroad, that the Augurs were commanded 
 to attencS at tht; lake Regtllns : and that by them a place fliould be hallowed and conlccrate there, 
 wherein the Conluls nii^^ht duly commune and ccnfer with the people, concerning all matters, 
 according to the flight of birds: to theendihat whatioeverat ^6»3<r had padedundcr a law, ex- 
 tcr;cd bv the vii lent t-orce of the Tribunes ; the lame might there in a lawlull aflembly and gcnc- 
 rall Seflion, be abrogated & made void by the iutlragesof the Iouldiers,wbo without doubt would 
 accord to thar, which lliould Hand with the Conluls plealure. For by rcalon that there was no 
 B appeale in firce without the city, above one mile, the Tribunes themfelves allo,it they came thi- 
 ther. (hould be lu;:ieft as well as the multitude Delides ohhe people, to the commandment ot the 
 Conluls. Thclc matters feared them indtcdand put them in a bodily fear, but the greateft thing 
 above all ihercll that diqjietcdtbeirhearts was this, that (^Hi-^tim of ttntimes hid given out and 
 la!d,ihache would not call analfembly of the people lor the eleftion of Cofl.forthat the city was 
 grown fo fir out of frarn^ and temper, that it might not be reformed and cured withordinary 
 ar.d u!uallremedies : bur that the Common- wealth had more need of a Diftator,that whofoevct 
 went aoout to trouble the Itate of the city, might well know that thete was an abiolute Diflatot- 
 fliip, that checked all appeales. TheSenatwas alTcmbledat that timcintbe CapitoU ; thithec 
 came the Tribunes with their Cominonsgreatly dil'quieted and troubled. The multitude cried 
 Q out and beiooght one while the Conluls ot their favour, another while the LL. of the Senat of 
 then protection ; but could not once remove ths Coniul from bis opinion (fuch a pitch had he ta- 
 ke.".) Ocfore the Tribunes gave their word and faithfuUpromifj, thar they would be wholly ruled 
 andoidcred oy the Senators. Then thcCoi^liil propounded the demands and petitions of the Tri- 
 bunes and Commons, and the Sen^t tnacf ed thcie orders and decrees. Firft, that neither the Tri- 
 bunes llioul J tfiat year prefer their law : nor the Confuls lead out of the city any army. It em, from 
 thence *orth,the Senat deemed it not to Hand with the weal publick,that Magiilrats rtiould con- 
 tinue if ill in place from yeartoyear, and that the fame perfons(bould be more chcnonce cholen 
 Tribunes The Conluls for their part, were overruled and ordered by the Senators. But, fay and 
 I gainlay what the Conluls would, the fame Tribunes were cholen anew : and the Nobles aUb 
 D becaule they would not be one ace behind hand with theCoramons.would needs choofeL. Q»»»- 
 /;«.» like wife for their Confulagain.Butalltbe year through was not the Coniul more earneft and 
 vehement in any sdion and Ipeechwhstloever then in this. Should I marvell my Lords of ttie 
 Ojur.ccl! (quoth he) that you bear no flroke with the C0mmonalty,and your authority is lb little The oration of 
 worth among ? Why, you, even your own I'elves fee light thereby: feeing,forfooth,the Commons ciiTmnai'Js'z- ' 
 t!r3ketheoid;nsnceoftheSenat,toucbmgthecontinuitieofMagiftratesjyeaalfo,bccaufe ye would gatinftthe Se- 
 " not lecrn to yccld one inch in lafhnefle and folly to the multitude, areas ready and willing to nac 
 *' infricge the lame- as who would f3y,this were to have more rule and authority in a city,naraely» 
 "toulemoic ieviiie, inconflancie, and licentioufnefle. Forit is apoint of much morelightnefs 
 "and vanity, I allure you, lor men todiranuUtbe afts anddecreesi'ftheir ownmaking, then of 
 E"others. Yethatbe Senators and Fathers of the C.W.imitate, and Ipare not, the !gnorant,lewd 
 "and inconhd.;rat multitude .• ye that fhould givcgood examples to others, (in ye hardly youc 
 " Iclvts, and do »mi!s by the precedent of othcis ; neither then let otbers by your txiinple do well: 
 ••' lo long 3s 1, for my part.iakcnot after tlieTribunes.nor (uffer my felfe to be declared Col.againffc 
 " an cxprehadtof the Senat, As to you.O C/<2«fl[;B/, I would exhort you, that boihyour lelf would 
 '• reltrain the people of Rotr.e ot this their licentioufnels, that thui they have not their deiire, and 
 *■ aKothat you would perl'wadc your iclf thus mucbofnie^ thatfo far off will I be from thinking 
 *• my honour by you in paircd,thst rather 1 will take my glory to be increaled by the delpifiDgand 
 " rtfulingofadignitie. and the ill will and envy abated anddiminilTicdjthat might grow upon the 
 *'coiiriciuation thereof Whereupon both theConluls jointly together made an edidand proclama- 
 piion.fhat nomanfliouldfby bis voice^nominate C^»i«f/«.>, Coniul : and ifany man did. they would 
 nora'bwof his election. So there were created Conluls. ^-F^^/Va ^<^«/rf««/ the third time, 
 and L.Cariic/ius Malujir.enfSi: 
 
 In this year was held acefling and numbring of the citizens, but touching the LnflrHtn, there 
 wa? ibme ictuple of confcience, becaule the Capitol had been takei^j and the Coniul flaip. When 
 il.'f:I''(t< iniiLuciiu Corf.elim were thus Coniuls, (uddenly inthe very beginning of their year 
 began s;rvattiroubies; for the Tribunes on the one fide, as their guife was.lettbe Coirmonsa- 
 wo.k.- the Latines ar.d Hernicks onthe otbcrhde, fent word of great wars from the Volfcians & 
 ..'Eq'.iur.i .- ihat the Vollcian legions were already at yj»;/«w, and the Colonic it felfgreatly fuf- 
 pcctcd to rebel. Yet hardly could the Tribunes be brought to agree,that preparation Qiouid be made 
 Q aforthand topicvcnt this war. Bur upon thele news, the Conlbls parted bet weenthemlelves the 
 char.'c of all -.Sr.xs.Fi-.hHS was appomred to lead forth an army loA»tium: and CornsliuSyKo abide 
 at Rome for rn;; de'er.ce of the city,for fear left tome part of their enemies, as the /Equians man- 
 ner was fli'juld in running camp make rodcs and forge the territories a3out. The Hcrnickv and 
 Larines.wcrcby verfuecf incieaguc,charged withthc findingofcertainefoudiers,fo as the whole 
 array inould conhil of ; j parts of con'cdcrais and o;ie third of citizens. When,at the day appoin- 
 ted the Allies were cotne, the Coniul pitched down hisitents without the gate C^pw** •• from 
 whci:ce when be had taken a gcnerall mul^cr and purged his atmie, he marched towards ^mmm 
 
 I and
 
 c.^ The third Boo^ofT- Livius. 
 
 "i^JTncsmped bimfelf not far, either from the town, or the Ttinding camp of his enemies .• where H 
 the VcKcians feeitig no forces vet come unto theni from the JLqjians, had no heart to fight, but 
 ni-de preparation how they might keep themldves quiet and (afe, within their mure andram- 
 ptre The mor'ow after, F^^/»/ made not one entire battell of Allies =nd citizens mingled toge- 
 ther but three bittailons feverally by themlelves, of three fundry r.2.':ons, & ringed them aSong 
 sliab^utthe coumerfcarpeand trench of his enemies. Himfelf was in ibe midit with theRo- 
 man lesions and gsve commandment to obferve heedfully and mark the fignall .• that the Allies 
 alio i[vnM both begin battell and alfo rttire, when he founded the tetr^. In like fort he placed 
 the borf-^-sen behind the Priftcipia at the back of eacn battel. Thus m three Tundry parts he affail- 
 ed the camp, and invironed it round about, and charging luftily hard upon them on every fide i 
 be beat the VoHcians down from their rampier,for they were not able to endure his violence.And 
 bavinp^otten ovetalltheir trenches and fortifications, hedravethe fearfuUmjltitude clean out 
 oftheirWd, that now were retired to a fide and corner of the csmp. The horlmen noightnot 
 eafily get over the trench, and flood Hill of purpofe to behold the fight, and to mark them when 
 they (hould file : but havmg once gottenthem in the open fields, they chaled them as they ran a- 
 way on heaps : znA by killing them^in their featfull flight,de(aved thtirpart in that vidorie.Great 
 was the extcution both within the camp, and alio without the rampires, asthey flea $ but grea- 
 ter was the pillage, tor thatthe enemies had ir.uch ado to carry their aimour away with them, 
 and but that they flirowdtd themfelves asthevfledin the woods, they had penfhed every man. 
 Durin" thele exploits about ^»(/»'», the ^quians having fent betore them the tallcil and lullieft K 
 youn"°men they had, Uupriled thecalUe of Tufcu/um, upon a (udden and at unawai es m the night 
 feafon.-and with the reitof their power they were encamped not far from the walsof r«/f«/«w, 
 intending to intercept and Itay the army of their enemies. Tidmgshereo! camempcft to Rome, 
 and from Rome to the camp before Antium : which troubled the Romans as much as if news 
 had been brought, that the Capitoll was taken. So frefb in remembrance was the late defertof 
 the Tu'cuUns; and the like jeopardy feeming to challenge and redemaod lemblableaid and luc- 
 cour. FabiHt ferting all other things afidc, caufed the booty in all hail to beconvcyeaout of the 
 camp to Annftm; where having kit an indifferent guard, hehiftncth apace in order of battel 
 to! ufculum; b} rtafon whereof, the fouldiers could take nothing w.th them, but their ar- 
 mour and lu'ch baked or boyled meats as were at hand ready . The Conlul {Comeliui) lent a con- L 
 voy ot viausis unto them fiom Rome. Thus for certam months continued the war at Titfculum, 
 The Conlul (F^^/«0 with one part of bis holt aflailed thecampofthe Aquians; for the other 
 part he h»d kt the Fufculans have, to win again their tortrefle. Againft all force it was impreg- 
 rable.but in the end famineconftrained the enemies to abandon It. To wftich extremity being 
 at kn'atb driven, the v were by the Tiifculansdiiarmed and compelled to paffe naked under the 
 *voke Who asthcyfltdhcmeward with lliame enough, were overtaken of the Roman Conful 
 » A kind of jn ^/ '^^^^ and put to thclwordevety one. After tnis vidory, he encamped with the reft of 
 litK-Uvc hisarmyatC«/*w^«, forlothe place isnamcd. The other Con!uilikewilc,keingthatthere was 
 lins pitched no danger thrcatnuig the wals of Rome, now that the enemy was difcomfited & repuUed,dcparted 
 endlungintht hi iilelt from toecitie. So the CoiiiuU entriiig two waies the Lordciiof£iKiren.'mies, made 
 ^T!J'*f«'"1 fnarp war and fpoiied the Volfcianso'-the one fide, andtheiEquiansontheother. I find in mod m 
 ovmhw,«"w writers that tbew4„t,^/fnn this year rebelled.- and that L. Cornd.tu the Conlul managed that 
 the other. war and won the town. But for as much as there is no mentieninade of that matter many anci- 
 ent wntcril dare not avouch it tor a ccitaine truth. 
 
 This war was no looncr brought to an end, but the domed icall Tribunes war at home put the 
 Nobles in fear: for the Tribunes cried out that this was cautelous and fraudulent dealing, thus to 
 keepthe armies abroad, for nothing cl$ buttodilappoinc them for publifhingthelaw. Yctncver- 
 thcleflcfiricethev hadbeiiunit, they would not give over.bntgothcough withit and kean end. 
 Howbeit P. Lucretim, prehdent of the city for the time.prcvailed thus much with them.That all 
 Tribunitianaftions fliouid hang& oe deferred unto the coming of the Confuls. There was bcfides 
 ,T ffl « f anewoccafionarolc cf frefli traiblc. A. Cort^eltHi ind O^'ituj Serviliui * Queltors, gave N 
 GcnVrall Re lummons to ^. ro//««» to make h^s anlwer at a day, who laid to his charge that he wudout 
 ceiversofthc all doubt, had ho, n fall's witnefle againii C<e/o. Forby many prciumptions and evidencesit ap- 
 "'/ peared, that neither rolfcrus his brother, from the firft time that he fell lick and took his bed, was 
 
 at any time feen openly in the Hreets, or io much as to have lit up, and mended any whit,but of 
 that diieafe which held him many months, helanguiQied and conlunaedaway to death.- nor a- 
 b JUt that time, whetcin the deponent fuppofcd the deed was done, wa* Ca/o once feen at Rome: 
 it being plainly affirmed a;.d proved oy thole who fervi:d together with him in the wars, that 
 he was ordinarily all thj time fighting under his colours as well as they, without any pafport or 
 licence to depatN And to ii,ake"this good,many there were that of themlelves privatly cbalieng- 
 cd fo//i:/»«, and offered to ttaverfe the law a;id to be tried by any indifferent and competent^ 
 judges. But when js he dutft not abide the triall and to be judged, all thele things put together 
 and fo conibnant one to the other mide men doubt no n ore of the condemnation ot rdfaw then 
 ot C^/o, which ..as grounded upon the bare tellimony ot Folfcm. The Tribunes were -only the 
 ftay ; who iaid plainly they would not Juflfer the Quelfors to hold any feflions or judiciall court, 
 for the trial ot the dctendant.befcre they had a lolcmn aaembly about their lavVcSo were both thele 
 
 matters
 
 The third Boo\ of T. Livius. %j 
 
 A matters put off unto the Confuls coming. Who being entred with triumph into ibe city, with their 
 victorious arroie & no words made of the law.many thought the Tribunes were clean danted and 
 ftrikendead. But the) (Tor that the yearnow Was at an end) afpiriog to be Tribunes the fourth 
 time,Icftalltbeir hot confcntionforthelaw; and relerved thcmrclves wholly to argue and rea- 
 loii It the affembly tor the Eleftion ot new Magilirafs. And albeit the Conluis had bent all their 
 might and main sgainft the continuity of the Tribunfhip, as earneftly, as if a la w had been pro- 
 pounded, tending to the impairing and abridging of theirmajcfty, yet got the Tribunes the 
 maftrie, and had the hmd ot them in the end. Inthis year peace was granted upon reqocCc 
 ai5d petition, antothe yEquians And the Scfli'ij,;, which the year before began, was now finiilied. 
 
 B And this was counted the tenth general Survey and loleiDO purging of the citie from the foundati- 
 onthercoh There were nuir bred inthe Cenle-bookofcitizens 132419 polles, A loriousand 
 honourable vearit was untill (he Confuts, both at home and in war. For they not onely pro- 
 cured peace a:5roid, but alio the citie was, ifnot in perfctS concord and unitie, yet in lelFc trou- 
 ble than at other times. L. AIi>futitu, and L.Nmuhs, that there were created Conluls, enticd 
 upon the reliqu^s of the two matters begun the tormer year. And much after one lort, as the 'c on- 
 fuls croffed the going forward of the law, I'o the Tribunes bindred the judiciall proceeding againfl: 
 Vdjctfu. But the new Quedors were men of more power and greater luthoity. Fot together 
 with M VderiuSf the Ton oit^AlenHs, and nephew of Vtlefus,wis T. OHintius l^apico/t»uj crea- 
 ted Qucftour, a n.an that had been thrice Conlul. f oralinuch therefore.as C<tfo, the wortbieft 
 
 ^ gentleman of all other, and the very ornament of the youth of Rome, could not be reftored again, 
 neither tothehoule of the QHtnti], nor the common weal, he purlued of mere pietie, wuh juti & 
 lawfull war, and falfe wittnelij, who would not sufi'cr on anythand the innocent perfonto have 
 the liLctty to plead in his own defence. And when Vtrgtmus, moft of all the other Tribuncs.was 
 earned to pnblilh the law., the Coniuls had two months relpit given tbem to conlider thetof.and 
 look into It throughly : to itieendjtbat when they had adverti'ed the people what fecret ftaud 
 and inconvenience was hid Jen and lurked therein, they might after war 'Is iuffsrtbem to proceed 
 to a fcrunitie, and gather voices accordingly. This fpace between granted, brought the citic into 
 a good and quiet (late. 
 But the jEquians would not abide, that long it fhould continue ibj Who havingbroken the league, 
 
 p whicti! (he year before was made with the Romans, chok GracchttsCluilitu for tbeit feovetro'r 
 and generall, who was ii. thofe dates the grcateff man among the ax£quians. Under the condudl 
 oi\h\sGracer.us, they enter firtt in warlike mannerthe country of £rf»a»//»w, and from thence 
 imotbc territorieof Tafcttlum, Ipoiling and ranlackingas they went : and being loaden with 
 preyes and ooties, they pitch their tents in * Jlgidnm. Thither repaired from Ktme into their , „ j 1 
 
 can p,^. ?(tbiu4 P.yaleriHt.iLnAA.PofthumiHst^ embafladours,to complain of wounds received, Pjp7.'^"* ' 
 and to demaiid amends aodfatisfaftion according to covenant. The Genctall of the t^Cquians 
 lecmcd to grant them audience, and willed them to declare what meifage and commiflion they 
 had from .he Scnat of ^PTOff, unto the oakc; for that himlelt had fome other mattersto diipatch 
 the while. Now there grew a mightie great Oake hard by the General hispavilion, fprcading 
 
 •£ his boughs even over it, and the fhido w thereoffcrvcd for a cold luting pUce. Then one of the 
 EmbiHadorSjis be went his way , '' Let both the iacred Oakej'quoth he^ and what divine power 
 focver is leatcd in this place, heare and know-tbat by you firtt the league is broken, who now re- 
 " gard our prcfent complaints, and ("hortlyaflilt oar valiant armies, when we fliall prolecutc 
 '' and revenge at once the difloiall breach, both of Gods laws and mans. So foon as the Em' alTa- 
 dors wcrereturned to Rome, the Senat gave direftion, that one of the Confuls (hould lead forth 
 an aril ic againft Gracchus, into Algidum, and the other have in commiflion^to wait the borders 
 of the itlqaians. ThcTnbnres.as their manner was, bindred the maftcr and peradventurehad 
 ftaitd It altogethci:, but for a new fearful! occurrent that luddainly came in the neck ofthe other. 
 Tor a migbtic power of Sabmes were approached well neer to the wals ofthe citic, robbing, fpoi- 
 Imganddeftroyin?, all a fore them with (word and fire. The territorie was pitioiifly roundabout 
 laid deiolit, and the citie therewith lore terrified. Then the Commons ftomacks came do wn.and 
 gently they tooke weapons in hand : and flay what the Tribunes would againtt it) two great ar- 
 mies were enrolled. Nahuhs had thcleadingoftbeoneagainllthe Sabincs: and bein^ encamped 
 at £rr<«w, with rodts and iLcurilonSjand thole for the molt part by night, made fuchfoul work 
 and svaft in The Sabincs country, that in compariion thereof, the lands about ^awf, feemed as 
 ifthey had not been once touched. .(^/»«»«» in bis exploits, had neither like good luccelTe, 
 nor yet cquw'ii courage and valour of heart. For having pitched bistcnts not farfroin theenemic, 
 and rtceivcd no '^rtat foilc and lofTe at bis bands to ipeak of, yet he kept himfelfe for tear with- 
 in the camp, Wh.cti whcnthc encu.itspciccived, they grew more b^ld (as coii monlythe co- 
 Watdileof onciiiccaleththecjuragc of another)and ailjiicdibecampin the nightfealon .- out 
 feeing that plain force little prevailed, the moiri'W after they railed mounts, and call trenches 
 round about But before they bad with their countermures and rampires Itopped up a'l padages, 
 fivchorf.m.n being even ainongrt the guards of the enemies, brought news to /Ltfwff, that 
 the Conlul with bis armie was bchegcd. Nothing could there have bapnsd fo little thought 
 of, and unlooked for ; whereupon there was lucb tear, trembling, and quaking, as if ti=iecrie- 
 n.ics ha J befirged .-. otitic camp, but the very t\i\Q, Nahuhs the ColJuI they lend for, aiidbe- 
 cau:e {bey taou^m him like to doe but fmallgood, they agreed tbertore to crcat a Didator, who 
 
 1 2 might
 
 g j^ The third Boo\ofT- Livius, 
 
 menwwoominsied. Now a world »nd wonder it is foVar thrm IpeaK.r.u .ricratdrhuhes ' 
 
 n;.;r.nncd Telpile »ll thir.gs eire. and fupnofe there can be no great honour and v. rtue, but w ue. e w ea . h and 
 Diaarr, 7f ' Jo fl .w in excefle. This L. Q_mr>utis, theonly hope of the Rouxanvne rasn who was 
 fonnddi^glrg 1;^. _ .; ,j,(,:t Em'^ire now diftteiieci, occupied then a pceceofgtcur.d. to ;flc qusmity ot 
 hisrouaa to " '%:'„v,edac:hiidav(y«;«/r>?r«M,'.C'»'«''^^ his meddows, on the other fide ot Tyber. 
 his °' over ,-in't rha^^^^^^^^^^ ArieoaUnd Shipdocksare, and .bete washe founa 
 
 diprr^n^ a ditch, and bearing hard on his Ipade, or elfe a plowing the ground, 1 wot roc whe- 
 ther tm bufie and earneft about fomerufticill work, no doubt he was : and atter (alutations paflcd 
 on both fides, bet ween biro and the Embadadours that were fent,he was requefted by them, that 1 
 hc-vouUput on his beftgown.and (-that which roishtturnto ihegoodof himlelfand thecom- 
 monweal)hcar a meffaae from the Senat Firft.he marvelled what the matter (hould be & very.of- 
 ten asking o^them if all were welJbe willeth his wife RacUU to bring him forth his Sen-tors robe 
 ftraitva/cut of his 'orie cottage : which he put on bis back Cbut firrt he brtiflied off the duft, and 
 wiped away his fweat,and made himlelf lomewhat mannerly) and then came forth unto them,- 
 who in joyous manner.by way of congratulation.ftiled him by the name of Didator .• calling hard 
 Dpon him to repair unto the city, and declaring in how doubtfull tenres the armie flood. Then 
 wss there barge provided ready for Qutnum, at the cities coft .- and being ferried over the nver, ^ 
 bis three ions mer him and received him firft. then others of his kinsfolk and fnends, and attec _ 
 them the more part of the Senatours. Thus attended with this frequent company,, and wirhthe K- 
 Sergeants going before, W3-; he brought to his houfe, Greatconcourle there was alio of the Cora- ym 
 mons .• but no hing fo joyou; were they, to lee Quint tut, fuppofing that government of bis over- M 
 crest and aololute, ar^d hin,lelf a manin time othis rule, too imperious. And for that night verily. M 
 nothing was done, but a good (landing wsich kept in the city. Themorro jvstter, the Didatoc 
 being come into the ccmmon place of aflembly before day-light, appointed Generall of the 
 hork, L.Ttrqatmi, of Noble bloud delcended ; a man who for mere poverty had ever lerved on 
 foot, but of all the flower of Rome was reputed and taken to be a brave iervitour, and an excellent 
 ioul'dier. Ihc^Qntntms with tbeGcncrallof horlen.en. mountcth into the pulpit alotc: pro- 
 daimetba publicke vacation or Lawfteed,.- commandethalQiop windows through the city 
 to be ("hur and cba ceih that no man fhould follow any privat bufineffe ofbis o-vn. Then as ma- L 
 nyaswereofagetofight. were willed to fhew them elves in their atrrnu •, before the fonfet in 
 i/<irf held, every one ..rn victuals dreffed for fivedaics, and with twelve forked (takes apecce 
 for to fopitch in tne (an. part. And that whofoever were above that age, and were unweidy,ancl 
 not meet for icrvicc fliould drcffe and provide viftuals for the next louldier unto him, whiles he 
 bimfelfmade ready his armour, and fought for (lakes aforefiid. Thus ran the young able men fo 
 andfrc tafurni r» themlelves withltakcs, and took vvhatfoever they could HnJ, and whitroevcc 
 was next hand .• no man was forbidden, and fo they were all ready with heart and good will, ac- 
 cording to the Didator his proclamation. Then went the Didator foith with the legions cf foot- 
 menjtheMafterefthehorlelikeWife withhismenofarms.in (ucbgocdcrderandaray, asmigbt 
 notonly lerve for a ipctdy mirch to rid ground, but alfofora (et battellifoccifion I'erved. '»Jn\i 
 " botbregi cnrs tney (pared r;ot to encourage and exhort their rouldiers,accor;'ingastbe prefent 
 " time rtquired ; wUlirg :h;;m to let foot forward , to mend tbcir pace and make fpted, that by 
 «' nigbt time tbcy mpM reach to their enemies.- & nw ((ay they ^before there Wis great tif-A : for 
 '« fbat the Rom»n Coniul and army were befieged, and had now three daies aireidy '-een pent 
 " up (aft incloied.-an d what might happen in one day or one night,no man kne vj : lot oftentimes 
 * in the twincikng of an fve, and in the very turning of an ban i^there fall ont accidents ofifj^ht 
 " great moment and impouance. On afore apace En(igne crieth one : follow fouldier laittia- 
 notber. Thus went they a!fo luftily forward, and all to plcalnre and gratifie their captains. So 
 that by midniphr thev were comei.nto Algtdum : and fofoon astuey perceived their enemies 
 to be ncei a' h.^id thev piiched down their enfignes. Then the Didator rode about asfarforth pj 
 ashe could lee in the daik, »nd having viewed well the fituacion, coatling and fafliionofthc 
 camp, comm2iidtd the ^19rfhils and Colonels to give dneftion. That all the carriage and bag- 
 gage, flu-.ulo b:.Taid upcogeLr.er in one place, and that the (oaldieis with their aanoui and (takes 
 only. fbouU coiPe ac,ain into their ranks. Wha-; he commanded was ibon done. Then in the 
 fame order thii he^mat.h?d, be d-»weth out his holt in length, and compsfiethihecampof 
 his enemies, and commandetb tnem allj uponafignallcr watchwLrdgivcn)to;ct upa (hour, 
 and pte'ently upon rn. liuot to calf a trench & every man duck down tiis pale in the rampier. Ha- 
 ving civcnths chargcj (Iraightwayes'hc bunall followed. The iouldiersdothat wbichthey 
 were bidden; ihe fh^ut was heard over allthe campof rheene uies, yea, and into 'be Coniul 
 hiscimp .• ciufinr; inth one great fear, in the o her exceeding' joy. The Romans re/oycingone Q 
 with another (o near the fhaurot their tellow-cii.z.-nsand coantricmeo,witha cor.ccit of tbeir 
 comin<» to rei'cue, begin of themiVlvcs from their lentincls zrAC'orf! d' gi**yd to threaren 
 and'ctrirte their enemies. . The CoufuUet thfir.fjrwataaid (aif. tucre was nowno (fayirig 
 tor thJ matter, nor delaics to be made : for that u appeared oy that alarm, that not only tbeit 
 friends vere com2 with(uccours,liut alio had begun toskirmi'h .- and ttiat !f wa<; all to nothing, 
 that their enemiti c»mp,was alreadly on the out 'Nvi fide aflaultr d. Wbereur>on, he command- 
 eth his (oulJicrs to arm, and to follow hard after him. Thus in the tiigbi began the ikiiimith, 
 
 and
 
 The third Boo\ of T. Livius. g^ 
 
 A and the legions of a Diftator by their outcry and (houting made fignification 'hst the caemies on 
 tbit Me allbwere driveutotbeir fhifts and in great barzjrd. By this t'me the jEquunsha^irid- 
 drcffed t hem f elves to impeach them in their trenching and making of their rampire.to the end that 
 they might not be compafled about : but the al'arme was given andthe fkirmifh already begun by 
 their enemies within : tearing therefore, left they would break throu^^hthe midft of rheir'catnp, 
 they turned fiom the pioners and wort.men without, to them that fought within, and therDy 
 gave the other leave to plie their v/orkani labour all the night long at their plcafure.- and to 
 they maintained sUirmifh with the Cot, unfll day light. Now by the break of day they were en- 
 trenched on every fide by the Uiftator, and were Icarce able to hold out batell with one of the tr- 
 
 £ mies. Then the hoft of Q»int/us, which prefently upon the finifhing of the trench returned to their 
 weapnns,entring of the uuuesandrampircsoftbeenemies.Herebeganafrefhconflift again. and 
 yet the formtrnothing abated. The enemies then feeing tbcmfelves thus diftreffed and to hard- 
 ly driven on every fide, left fighting and fell to intreating: they befougbt the Cof. on one fide and 
 the Diftator on the ofher^ that they would not get the vidloric by eflafion of bloud and cruel maf- 
 lacrc, but would permit them to go their waies naked without their weapons. TheConfdhe 
 polled them oflfto tf.e Diftator ; w6o being in great wrath and difplcafure, would not be con- 
 tented without their (hame and igrommy bef.des. Bat commanded that Cluilius their generall 
 with cthei Colonels and C?iptairjs fbould be brought bound unto him. Item, bcenjoynedthcmto 
 ibaiidon & qu't the town of Cetbto : as for the jtquians bloud,he fought notfor it, he had no need 
 
 _ thereof; they night depart with their lives. Howbeif, becaufehe would have it now at 
 
 ^ length, niaug'-e their heaasjconfelled, that the nation was vanquifbed and fubdued ;his will and 
 pitifute wa-idey fbould pafleall under the yoke or gallows: tbemaner wherof isthis.They took 
 ih^te tptsrs or javelins, and fet two of them pitched in the ground endlong, and their over- 
 thwanfriltped unto the other. Under this kind of gallows the Didator Compelled thejEquians 
 to f; ... i ' ji having gottcr. the tents of the enemies full of all kind of ftore(for naked be lent them 
 under tDt^yoke)fl.e whole pillage hebettowcd upon his own fouldiers only .-and rebuking fharp- 
 ly >he Conuis ai jiy and the CoUhimlelf, Ye fl3all(quoth he)(buldiets go without your part of booty 
 •* v;onof I?'.: enejnie, whole booty ye bad like your felves to have bcen.Aod asfor thee, O L.Mi- 
 *'««/-i«i(/,nnts.l thou beginto have the heart and ccurage befeeming aConful,tbou (halt be a Lieutc- 
 •' nv't onlv over thfcle legions. So cJW/»«fr»/ being difcharged of the Confulfhip, remained ftil 
 
 I^ ai oc w r commanded, with the army. But fo well were men content in thofe daies, willingly 
 taye'^H obedience to them that better could command, that this army in remembrance hereof 
 a? of it favour received, rather thenofadifgtaceofFeied, both ordained for the Diflatour acoro- 
 r.e, of gold ut one piund weight : and alfo when he went homeward, fainted him by the name of 
 their Patron. At ^ewf the Senat being affembled together by ^.F<j^/«j Ptovoftofthecitie, de- ^q/j^' ""^"^^ 
 creec chat Oumtva ihould enter the city in triumph with his army matching in battell arav as be f.. '^'uintius 
 came Beiore his chariot was led thecommanders of his enemies.- the cnfignes are carried a- tt'iurophech. 
 loiCj then toiiowed thcarmy laden with Ipoil and pillage. Great chear and banquets were fet 
 our,mco (ay. upon tables at every mans dorc. Thus making merry ,they folio ived the chariot w'uh 
 forgs of triumph, with (ports and merry conceits, as they are wont to do at their great ar.o folewn 
 
 ^ fesll:. The iams day L. MamiliHt the Tufcalan, with the approbation and good liking of all men, 
 v\ ai enfr!tnchi(ed citizen of Rome. And forthwith would the Diftat.have rcligned up his cffics,but 
 that the Court, held for the triall of M.Fol/ciHs^ endited of bearing falfe witnefle, Uaied him; and 
 in truth, the Tribunes Would have hindred the judiciall proceeding agamfl him, if they had not , 
 flood in awe of the Didatour. But Volfcius was convifted and had fent ence, and departed to La- 
 fiyviym in exile. And i{«/»//»j having taken the Diftatorfliip for fix months, give it over the fix- 
 tetnth day after he entred into it. About the lame time the ConfuliV<i«//«j fought valiantly with 
 the Satjinss.at £r««w .• who belides the wading of the fields, had an overihtow in fight. Fa^ius 
 was lent into Alj^idumy to (ucceed in the roome of AitnutiHs. In the end of the year,the Tribuns 
 began to liivjabout their iaw •• but becaule the two armies were ablent, the Senatour prevailed fo 
 
 F much at that time, that no bils were propounded unto the people. The Commons like wife obtain- 
 ed,thattbey might create the lelf-fame Iribunes, now the fifth time. The report goeth, that tfiere 
 were feen in the Capitol, wolves chafed away by hounds.- for which ftrange hght,the Capitol was 
 purged. And thefe were the ads of that year.Then followed Con(uls^..^//B»rf«.'& M.HeraUus 
 
 In the beginning ofwhichyear.wbiles all was quiet abroad, the fame Tribunes and the fame 
 law) c;ufed diiknti<<n and (edition at home : which would have grown to a farther mifchief,in 
 fuchhuatsmcn were, had not word been brought, asit were of ietpurpofe, that thegarifon at 
 Corhio was lirprized in the night by the TEquians and put to the (word : whereupon theConiuls 
 G called the Sen«t together : and crder wa* given, that they Ihould lead a Snbit::ry army 
 ind Mfith a running camp invade ^'^idnm- Thin was the llrifc about the law laid afide clean, and 
 ■ new contetJtion arolc about the mutter"?. Bnt the Conluls with all their authority, were over- 
 fwaiedof thcConimonsjby thehelpandafiiftance of the Tribunes. At what tune a new trouble 
 put them in fear.-f ir intelligence came,that a I'ower of Sabins were cone down already into the 
 terntories ot Rsme for to fetch booties and make Ipoil ; and f«om thence advanced SL'iinft the ci'y, 
 XJ-oii which fear,Thc Tribunes were content that (ouldiers fhould be prell, yet not without fnis 
 cuvcnant indentedi That tor as much as they had now thcmfclves thefe five years been ttitled off 
 
 I 3 and
 
 g^ The third Boo\ofT^ Livius. 
 
 and deludsd,& that this profeftorfl-iip of theirs flood the Commons in little ftead.in regard of their H 
 
 fmall number, thereforc,there {hould from thenceforth be ten crested Tribnnes oi the Commonal- 
 
 ty.Thc Nobles were lo near driven and to fuchftraights, that will they, nill they, yeeld they muft 
 
 thereto .• with this provilb,that they (bould never after Elcft the lame men Tribunes t wi(e. And for 
 
 feat that this afl (hould after the war was once paft.turn to nothing.like as others hid done before, 
 
 TenTr-bunes fhev Went in hand immediately to call a court for the Eleftionof the Tribunes. So in the 1^6. year 
 
 oftbeCom. irom the firft Tribunes of the Commons chofen.there were ten created Joutofevery CUIIiSjtwo. 
 
 firftcreatcd. Andbyanaftit wasprovided, that in luch fort they fhould be created ever after. The 'inufters 
 
 then being taken and iouldisrs enrolled, i^*»«/«»/ went with a power againft the Sabines,but found 
 
 not tb€ enemy. And Hcr4</»i,becau(c the ^.quians after they had put the garilcnat ^«r^/otothe I 
 
 f word, and won Hortaua befides, fought with them in Algidtim. Many a man there he fleW.and 
 
 drovebisenemiesnotoolyoutof^/j«i«w, but alio out of (^ertio znd Honam. As for Cor^so 
 
 he utterly rafedit,for bettayingthc garifon there. After this, were 3/. Valerius and Sf.VirgintHs 
 
 made Confuls. At quiet they were both at home and abroad. But great fcarcity there was of corn, 
 
 byreafonofthe untemperst and unfealonablc rain that fell. A bill there was preferred, that the 
 
 mount Avmtine (hould be turned to Commons. And the lame Tribisncs were made again : who, 
 
 all the year following, when T.Romuliut and CVetntius were Confuls, in all their Halls and a(- 
 
 ' t'(emblies,ftillpubli!hed thelaw.-faying, it wasafliame, that their number was thus increaled 
 
 «' to no purpofe, in ea(e their affairs (hould he dead in their two years, as they had done in the 
 
 «' whole 5. years part. Whiles they were earneftly debating thefe things, fearfuU mcfTengcrs came ^ 
 
 inallhaRfroro TufcMlum, wiihnews, that the ^quians were in the territory of r«/«/«w. The 
 
 frefh delett of that nation would not (ufFerthe Romans for (hame to defer their helping hand. 
 
 Wbereopon both Confuls were fent with an army, and met with the enemies in Algidnm in their 
 
 ■wonted haunt and accnftomed place.where they encountred and (truck a baitell : in whicti were 
 
 flain aboat 7000. enemies. The rell were put to flight. A huge booty there was gotten, which 
 
 the Confuls luld out-right, by rea(on of the want ofmony in .hcircoma,ontrea(ury. But this 
 
 caulcd the louldiets to icpine and grudge, and in the end minified matter to the Tribunes, to ac- 
 
 cufe the Confuls unto the Commons. As foon therefore as they were out of their office, when Sp 
 
 Tarpeius and A.EttrniM were Qov^UW.^omHlim was arreftcd and put in fuit by CClaudius Ctcel 
 
 ro, Tribune of the Commons. And FetHrms was likewiie troubled by L. HJiennj an ^dile or L 
 
 Warden of the Comroons.Condcmned tlicy were both the one and the other, to the great indigna- 
 
 • %xm jjfc. tion of the Nobles. RtmuUm was (inedin * i coco Afles. Fcmrius in * i50oo.But for all this hard 
 
 *\(>M. n.P'- hap and calamity that befell to thofe former Confuls. the new were never a/ot more remiffc and 
 
 cool in the quarrel : faying, Well may we alio be cart and condemned, and both Commons and 
 
 Tribunes never the neercrtocompaffe and enadtbeirlaw. Then the Tribjnesgiving over the law, 
 which now by propouoding only lo oft,was wixcn ftale and old, began more gently to deal with 
 the Senatours.praying them to make an end once of all fttife and contention. Atid in cafe that the 
 « laws of toe Comu.ons fo difliked and difpleafcd ihem5ibcy requeRed tbcm to fuffct certain Law- 
 
 " ror luc luuiiajivv. ii »^" ^' ••■— • 1 - •'"-•-•/ ..-i.j •aiu^iuit iiu.ie but 
 
 of the Nobility (hould have the makiftg of thofe laws.Seeing then they agreed thus about the laws, ' 
 Sidiffcred only and fqaured about the la wgiver,there wetc Embaffadorsient to Mh&ns.Sf.Foflhu- 
 Embafsadouts mtm Al^»s, A.MMli»s,ind P.SMlfitiftsCamerinus : who were commanded to exemplirte and 
 fern intoGrifi:? copy out the fjmous and worthie laws of Solon : tofearch out and learn theordinances,cu(fomes, 
 for an abSraft ^^^ ^j, jj of other ciiies in Greect. For any out ward wars, this year was quiet, and the year f oUow- 
 of their lavTJ. more quiet, when P.Cnrmitu, and Sex. QHtnttLw were Confols, by reafon of the continual 
 
 fiience of the Tribunes .• wh:ch,as the expeaation of the Emballadors that were gone to %/ithenSy 
 and of (Grange and torain laws, fitft and principally procured: (o.two mighty great caiamiiies 
 that rofc both at once, to wit, famine and pe(tilence, noifome and loatbfome both to man and N 
 beaft, afterwards continued.By means wherof.the fields lay waft and delolafe,tbe city difpcopled 
 with'continual burials.- many right worfhipful and honourable houfes thereby mourned. Ser- 
 f»;«CV«tf/;»fjthe Vlsmin of 0««?-/««> dyed therof. C-Horatiui fwW/w the Augur went of it 
 like wife .-in whole loom the Augurs fhis Aflociats}choicC. ?^e(«r/«/.- and therathcr, becaufe he 
 had been condemned by the people. ^«/»'/^'»^ the Conful departed alfo this lite, and four Tri- 
 bunes of the Commons. So that this^ was a yeir,wiih manifold lolTes and calamities fouly diftai- 
 ned. But for enemies all was quiet. After this were CMcKemm^ind P. Sefl^w dtptolmtu made 
 Conluls.In whicbyearlikewife there was no warab!OaJ,ma;y at home fomc troubles arofe. By 
 this lime were the E i.balladors returnc.i with tbe^theniao laws. And thettore the Tribunes were 
 fo much the more uvneft and orgtnr that once at kngth they would fet on, todelcribeandput O 
 downlone laws, .^nd agreed it was,that there fliould be crea'ed Decemvirs above all appeal :& 
 TenMagiRrs- f^j flu; yearc cei. g thirt fliDuld rooibet Ofticcisard Nlatiiliiatsbcin place. Now,whether a- 
 mcillcdLk.. i^y ^^fjfjgj-g^igh; Dr of the Commons or no, that was aqueftion; and hereupon fome debaieand 
 "ud'f Kttle ~ conrrv. rfic continued for a good while.At the la!t,thc Nobles went away with ir,&;had the pre.. 
 msKirgof heroinenccupontLibCond -ion.that neither theUw V<//3, concerning the Aventifie moant, not 
 awes. other facred lawesfliou'.d be repealed. ThU' in the ?o/ y care after that ^o»je was built, was the 
 
 form otthecitiesgovcrnm^ntcnangcd the ttcond time, and to the Confuls irom the Decemviri, 
 was the (overaign rule tranflatcd,likc as before.ftom the kings to the Conluls, This
 
 The third Boo\ of T. Livius. 
 
 91 
 
 j^ This change was leffe notable, in that it long continued not. The beginning of this Msaiftracie 
 was fait and goodly to fee to, but grew too rank, and exceeded in overmuch licentioufneff- The 
 fooner therefore it faded and frll away, and the former government was taken up again, and both 
 the name and lurifdidionofConluIs returned, and wa? conferred upontwain. The Decemvirs 
 created were tbefc .• /Ip.ClaHtius, T. Gentttmi, P.Seflius^ L.Vtturius,C. Ittlius, A.MmUui P. 
 Stilfititu,P.C>*riattus.T.RomHbus^Sf Pofihumiusfilmdiiis and Gtnuuu!, becaule they had been 
 Conluls tleft for that year, had this dignity beftowcd upon them.in lieu of the other. And Stfltm 
 one of Jhe Confuls the year before,becaufc he had preferred this iraiter unto the Senafors,sPsif)ft 
 his fellow Conlulswill. Next to ihefe were counted the three Embaflsdonrs th« went to A- 
 
 B thent^ borb for that they fhould be rewarded with this honourable dignity,for their embadase into 
 fo far & remote a country, & alio becaufe men were perlwaded.that byVealon of their infight and 
 skill in forrain ordinances of Urange nations, they might be weliemploied infettin" down, and 
 maki-e of new; The reft n ade up the number. They (ay, that in the Isft Icrutinies and luffrares afc 
 this Hteaion, choice was made of thole that were more aged.and farther Itept in years, to the end 
 they might not io fiercely and ftoutly gainfay and crolTe the opinions and conlfitutions oftha 
 orber. In this new lUte of government, ApfiMs was the man that bare the greatcft ftrokc,he ruled 
 rheroft and iwavid all the reft ,fo highly ftood he in grace and favour with the people. Hehadfo 
 altered his naf urp, and became luch a new man, that all on a fudden.of a crael and terrible pre ecui 
 tor otthe Communs.hc pioved a very PnHiceia, and courter of (he Commonalty, and one that 
 
 ^ lavforfog-t . -ciy gale of popular love and favour that might be had. Every one fat bis tenth 
 day in placeot jadpement,and miniftred juftice in their feveralltnrnesunto the people.On which 
 aay, rtietvvelvt '<ni. ches of rods were born by the Lienors before the foveraign judg.- asfor bis 
 nln^'hI.=thren,f^ty bad eachol them onefeijeant to givea-tcndatice. In this agreement among 
 the twelves, (Which accord otherwhiles when they were privatpertons, had been hurt full untd 
 ti:faj;ratcdonlyand wholly the greatcft equity towards others. A proof and argument of this 
 tJ.eir uioderat-on. it fhall be fnfftciemtoobfcrve now in the example andmflanceof oneontly 
 matter.- tor whereas 'hey were created abfolute, and paft all appeal, it fortuned, that in the houfa 
 cf /'.5*/'.*'>-,sNoblanin, there was « dead body found buried, »nd brought forth openly into the 
 puolicKeslltmbly of the people. The ttiing being no lelle apparent in view, then hainous and 
 hornbic in fflft. C. lulfMs a Decemvir, brought Seflms in quefiion therefore, put him in fuit to an- 
 
 *^lwerataccrtainday,andbecameplaintifunto{hc people, and accufed that defendsnt whofe 
 competent judge he was by order of law. And fo he y eelded of his own right : addmg lo much to 
 ibe freedom of the people, as was taken from the power of hisownjurisdidiion and government. 
 When as now both high and iow gaveout,that this authority was found and uncorrupt,&fet asit 
 were from Orac!e,and Gods own moutl;.& al men wiling to accept of juftice at their hands .• then 
 fet thevtoif.arii vventabout the making and giving oflaws.And withgrcat exoeftation of men 
 they It: out ten Tables,and called the people to a gencrall aQembly, commandingthemin abood 
 hour, and in ttie name of God to go.&(tnat which might turn to the good,to the benefif.and hip- 
 pioesof the Commonweal,' bemlelvcs their children &pcfteritv)torcad ihelaw there pubiifhed: 
 
 g proteftinc.nat fo tar ai ten men could with all their wiiedon^e'forelee & provide for, had dev.led* ^''"* 
 indiifcre.itlawes.andequall for all forts of callings, as well the bcft as the meancft. Biuijras 
 much as the wits and iicads cl many men, were of deeper reach to fee fan her into tbings.they eave 
 thcmgoo'H leivctocaftintheirminJs, and ponder with themiclves each particular, yea, ap^i to 
 realon together from point to point, and thereof to deliver theiropinionopenly,waat was ftior^ 
 and wanting,or ivhai was lupe'fiuouvn every article ; and look what laws thi-confentof all mtn 
 leemed to bnng io,thc;e n.ould the people accspt.and none other.-tbat it might apoear th'-y wcr 
 
 Tnr ten tabkj 
 of Romans 
 
 laws, as thry were let lottb : ttien in :he nigh court of Parlament.anembled ofallthe Centuries & 
 
 *■ degrees of ncn, the laws often Fables were ^nadcd and eltablKlied. Which even st this dav, a- 
 
 mong that infinit number of (latuts, heaped and hudlcd one upon anotherjare the very well^lpr'in" 
 
 and tou-..iai.i of all julf ice.both pu'olick and privat. After this,there ran a rumour abroad.thai t wo 
 
 gain the lecood iime. Now the Comm-jos abroad, befides that thev hated the very name of Con- 
 luls, a-: well IS ofKjDgs, iought no: greatly for the protetff ion of the Tribunes ; feeing that the 
 Deceinvirsoneatretanr^rh-r, yeelded hi tneir perogative, and admitted in fome fort th^. appeal. 
 G But arcer »bat thelolemn affembly for the chuling of Decemvirs, was publiOied agimft the 
 
 * rr!t.u>:d.ntt.z.fi\ third market dty next en;uing,to lucb an heighth was' he ambition and defire oi That \% the 17 
 itT.i d!gj-..!y:/o.vnp,_ thnt the ve^ycbiefemen, and pnncipsU heads of rbc City ( "orfeai-e,f be- «*ay following. 
 Iceve, Iclt . h^ polkffions of lo great s government, m cafe they w.tre not invelted themfeiVtS in 
 the pUce, fhoald lie open unto lonie unmci:t and unworthy per'ons^went about and made court to 
 C-. PI y mai:,fuing in bumble m»nner lo thcfc very c.ommors, with whom they i.aci been at ftrifc Sc 
 _vari3nce,tor th« b-jnot:r and digi.ity, wliich they tbemK Ives bad witd all their po jver ana m-gOt 
 impugned. The worthinelie and reputationof men of thole years, and having born and gone 
 
 thcouga
 
 jg The third Boo\ofT. Livius. 
 
 ^uchfnch offices, being now come in quettion^and fubmitted to the choi' e rrd judgcmert of „ 
 
 others:pticked on At.CUudius, and let him forwards. So as a mar. could barely know wbcther 
 ,0 reckon hitn among the Deccmvirs.or thole that Rood to be Decemvirs again. Por othetwbiles 
 he was more like one that fucd for an office, than bim that prelen.ly bare c&ice : bhming prc- 
 lonaees of beft quality in the Gty,and laying hard to their charge : but txtclhrg the vaint n & ba- 
 feft of the Competitors. Himfclr in perlon lorting among the Bntlt] end Icilij, and luch like as fa- 
 voured the Tribunes,went fwinging an4 Iquaring in the common place.ufing them as inarumems 
 to vcnditafcbimfelffotth to the common people. Solong.as at length bis very brethren in office, 
 who untill that time bad been hngoiarly addifted and affcdionated unto him, caft their eies upon 
 bim and began to mark,&: matvail much what his meaning was:reafoning thus among themlelves.- I 
 "Surely there is no loundncffe nor good nefTe herein, but all meet diflimulation and bypocrific. 
 «« Certainly, it is not for nought, that in luch pride of bis, there fhould appear fo much courtehe. 
 «*What? to force his own nature too much within coropaffe : todebalehimfeif, and luffer pri- 
 «* vat men to be his fellows, was a fignc of one, that made not io much haft to forgo a dignity and 
 «' promotion, as (ought means to keep it ftill. Openly they durft not ptelume to check and with- 
 ftand his ambitions defuc, but aflaied by pleafing and foothing bim up, to reprefle and bridle his 
 foolifti affeffion. And feeing he was the younger of his company, they all with one accord laid 
 upon him the charge, to hold the high court for the Eleftion of Decemvirs. Their dritt and policy 
 wasjthat he fhould not Elefthis own felf : a thing, which unlefle it were the Tribunes againj^and 
 that was a moft dangerous precedent and example) no man ever had done before. And be with K 
 all his heart accepting therof.made profeffion that he would be prelident of that honourable Court 
 and SefiTion^and prayed to the gods that he might perform it tor the benefit ot tne weal-puDlik.And 
 fo took the vantage of that opportunity, to let forward his own dtfign, which they meant (hould 
 have flopped and crolTed the tame. And after he had by fccret packing and convafing with the 
 other competitours, and given the repnlle unto the two Qjumtti Capttolmus.znA CiMciMnatusJind 
 put befidetbeCufhion his own Uncle by the fathers Me{L.Claudtus,3ritoit lioiit & lelolut cham- 
 pion of the Nobility; with other citizens ot like mark and quality .- he createth Decern virs,luch as 
 were not for worth, port, and behaviour, to them comparaDle and his own fweet icif with the 
 firft. Which as there way no man thought the ever would have done, loaU good men miflikcd 
 when it was done. With him were elefted M, Cornelius Maluginitifit^M.SergiHs,L, Mi- j^ 
 ntttius-yP. FabtusViliHlaiiui^Q^.PetiliHS^r.Anttniut Merenda, Cafo DuiJItHS,Sp. OfpiMs Cornicfn. 
 M. Raimietttt.hnd there's an end of ylppins playing anothers mans part. Off went his mask and 
 vifour now, and lo from thcnce-forth, he began to fhew himlelf in his own likenelTe, and to live 
 in bis kind.- yea, and to frame his companions to the bent of his bow, even before they were 
 entred into office. Day by day had they their fecret meetings by themlelves apart from all other : 
 and being once hereby furnifbed with ungratious and proud defignments, which they had clofely 
 coinplottedtogether.they coald no longer hold Sc diflemble their pride.Few might have accede un- 
 to them: leldom would they be fpoken with.fhe wing themfelves ftrange,furly,& churli(h to thoft! 
 that came unto them. Thus drew they the time on, untothe* Ides of May, which was the ufuall 
 tf.diyofMjy jndlolemndaytben of entring into offices of government. In theverybcgining whereof they j- 
 made the firft day of their magiftracie noted by an intimation and evident ibew of exceeding 
 tcrrour. For whereas the Decemvirs their predeceffors had oblerved this order, That one alone 
 (bonld have the tods of State born before bim, and that this regall ornaments (bould paffe round 
 through them all in courfe one after another t Behold, thefe came all of them abroad, and each 
 of them had his xij.bundles of rods carried before him Sothat theic Liftors, 120 in number, with 
 their rods and axes too, faftned within the rods, took up acd filled the whole Fernm or common 
 place as ;they went. And for as much as they were created abloluiely, and their commiflion ran 
 without all appeal, men made this expofition, that to go with their axes or without was all one, 
 & made no matter at all.Thus was there a flie w & reprefentation often KK. And this terrour grew 
 mote and more, not with the meaneft and bafcftlort only, but alio with the chief and beftot the xj 
 Patritians; fuppofing that they fought to pick a quarell.and minifter occafion and overt tire to fomc 
 matlacre : that if any man fhould offer either in the Senat or among the people,to fpesk one word 
 concerning liberty, forthwith there (hould be exemplary whipping and heading, to the terrour 
 cfallother. For, befidesthat,from the people there was no remedy and fuccour to be had, by 
 realbn that the appeal unto them was quite difaoullcd and taken away : the Decemvirs them- 
 felves drew foall in one linetogether and were fo combined and linked, that there was no hope 
 at all, that one would th wa; t and croffe that which another did : whereas the forn;er Decemvirs 
 could well abide, that their judgcii;ents and fentcnces fhoold be cenfured and correfted, by the 
 appc-Uations or appeal to one oftheir brethren in coromiffion ; yea, and in fomc cafes put off 
 fomemsticrs Irom themfelvesto be decided by the people, which fecmed properly to belong q 
 unto their own juriiditf ion. For a while, the fear was to all indifferent .• but by little and little 
 the Commons only began to feel the fmart. The Nobles were forborn and efcaped clear 
 andicotfrce: the meaner perlons went to the wals,ind with them they dealt according to their 
 luft and plcaiute right cruelly. The perlon wholly they regarded, and never relpeded the caufe, 
 as wuh whomfavour and fricndfhip prevailed as much as equity and right fhould have done. At 
 home ill their houfcs, they determined of matters how they fhould paflic: and in open place 
 they pronounced fenicnce accordingly, jf a man bad appealed to one of their bench, fiom him 
 
 WHO
 
 The third Boo\ of T. Livius. q^ 
 
 A unto whom he fled for relief, he went his waies agiin by weeping croffc, repenting that he fiood 
 not to the order and injunftion awarded bv the former. It was thought and (pokenalfo abroad, 
 but the firft author would not be known, That they had conlpired together, not tor the prel'tnc 
 time only to do wrong and injurie,butairo were confederat between themfelves privily ,yea, and 
 had bound it with an oath, tocallnoalltmbly atallfor theeledinglotnewmagiftiats ; but be- 
 ing now once inveftcd in the foveraign rule, toholdthe pofleilionohhe DecunvirQiip forever. 
 The Commons than began to look about them, to behold and advi(e well thecou itena.nccsot the 
 Nobles, to ice if they could from them catch (ome good gale of wind, fume hope aj;;i!n of liber- 
 ty, at whole hands they fearing bondage, had brought the common- weal to th^s hard paffe. 
 
 BTheLL. ofihe Senat hated the Decemvirs, they hated alfo the Commons. They liked not of 
 things as they went, and yet were perlwaded that the Commons were well enough ier ved, and 
 deferved no better ; who gaping greedily after liberty were now fallen and plunged into (ervitude 
 and thraldome. Help they would not with the leaft of their fingers,but rather heap more wrongs 
 upon them .-that having a wearifome and tedious loihing of the preltnt (late, they might fall lo a 
 longing defire after two Confuis, and wilh the old world were come again. By this time now 
 was the better part of the year gone and paft : and the two tables of laws were arjnexed tb the ^*°"jL"j 
 other ten of the for ner year: which it tbcy might be once confirmed and ratified by a Parliament tTdie'totmcr 
 oftheCenturies,thererenained nothing behind, for which the common-weal fliould need thele len. 
 magiftrats: but expecffed uwas ccrtamly, that the affembly lor Eleftion of Confuis fliould out 
 
 ^ of band bepubliflied andproclamed. Marry^ there was one thing hammered in the Commons 
 heads, bv what means rhey might revive again the Tribunes authority ; thevery grand bulwatk 
 of their freedom , and the thing that now had difcontiued and lien dead. But all this while (here 
 wasnot awordof thenew Eicftion. And the Decemvirs, who at the firft prelented ufuallyunto 
 the Commons light, a crew of thofe that favoured the Tribunes, for to'attend upon (heir perfons 
 (athmgrigtit piaulible and pleaiing unto the people .-) were guarded now, with certain tail penfi- 
 oners ot their Nobility .• whole troops of them Itood about their Tribunal feat-s and places of judg. 
 ment. I hele made havock and (poil of the Commons and their goods ; and look what the mind 
 of a mighty manftooduntoandlufted ifter, it was hishaptobave it whatfoevcr. Nay, there was 
 no ipare now made of their backs and fides : fome were fcourged with rods, fome loft their heads 
 
 p by the ax. And becaufe thiscrucl'y fhould not go unrewarded, ligtitly there was none executed, 
 if he were worth any thing, but bis goods went after and were begged orgive*! away. The 
 youth ot the Nobility, by this kmd of hire well flefhed ; not only cppoled not themfelves to with- 
 ftand thele wrongful dealings & hard conrles,but carried it afore them,openly profefling & avow- 
 ing that they wilhed rather their own liccntioufnefs, than the liberty of all. Ihe* Ides of May ^ijdiyof 
 were now corns about, and no new magiftratcs elefted in the others roome. Forth come the De- May. 
 cemvirs, f who to (ay a truth and to gi ve them their right, were no other than privat pcrlons) nei- 
 ther witli minds abated for the exercifing ot their imperious rule, nor withfe werrcgal enfignes,to 
 (et out and (hew their honour & dignity.When thepeople faw thaf.they made no other reckoning 
 but this was plain ufurpingofthe kings governmenr, and no better.' And now farewell freedom 
 
 E for ever and a day. For neither bad they prefently, ncr hereafter were they like to have any man 
 to recover it again.So that now, not they only let falltheir hearts and were difcouraged in them- 
 felves, but aUo grew to be contemptible in the eyes of tt^eir.neighbour-nations: who dildained 
 highly, that they (liould have ioveraignty of rule, who were not fteethcrarelves; nor enjoyed their 
 own liberiy. For the Sabincs with a (Irong power invaded the Territories ofRemg : and when 
 they had forraged far and neer, and driven away booties both of people and of cattell, with- 
 out impeachment, they gather thur army together again, that had banged here and there up and 
 down, and entredunro itrfrww, where they encan-.p themfelves J laying this for aground, and 
 building their hope upon their difcord at Rome, that it would ftay their multeting. Not only the 
 news that came hereof, but the the flying of the country peafants, put the whole city in great fear, 
 
 F The Decemvirs fall to confultiog what were bell to do. And whiles they were to feek whit courle 
 to take,and between the hatred ot the Nobles and ihc Commons utterly forlorn and deltitute.thers' 
 hapned alfo another fcartull trouble in the tail of the former. The/Equians from another fide were 
 encamped in uilgiditm. And from TufcHlttm Embafladours brought tidings that their country wa^ 
 wafVed with cxcurhons from thence, whereupon they craved their help and aid. Thele teatfuU 
 occucrentslo troubled and perplexed the Decemvirs, that conlidering the city was now befetat 
 once with wars from two places, tncir ftomacks were come down to confult with the Senat. They 
 commanded therefore the Senatours to be lummoned totheCwriii. And well the;^ u^ift, what s 
 great nt snd Itorm ot anger, difpleafure and blame was towards : namely,that they would burden 
 them & lay to their charge, how they were the only caule both ot the country wafted ah eady, and 
 
 G of the perils like prelencly to enfne : looking for no other, but that there would be given an at- 
 tempt and flue wd pulli, to abohih utterly their government, unlcfle they ftuck clolely together 
 toit, sndby extending their authority fliarply uponlome fewof thcftoutelt, quail and crufli the 
 the attempts of others. After (he voice of ttie Bedell was heard in the Forum or common place, 
 citing the ^enatoms to repairc into the Councell houie to the Decemvirs: thenovelty and liraiic;e-, 
 neflcot the matter, (becauie they had laid down tor a long time the msr.ncr of calling ihem to 
 Couiiccll^ caufcdfhe Cotpmonsto marvail and mule what was befallen, thai, they lliould S'lcc 
 fuch dilcontinuance, take up a thing fo oDiolete and outotufe. And thus they conceived of it, 
 
 that
 
 o 4 The third Boo\ofT- Li vius. 
 
 that they were much beholding to their enemies, and might thank war for ch:s, that any ancient H 
 guile and cuftom of a free city was come up and in ute again.They looked abou: on every fide oi 
 the Forum, to Jee it they might efpy a Senator.- butfew or none could they beat cF, any where. 
 Then looked they into the C«rM, and behoid, none at all apeared about tue Decemyirs. Where- 
 of their own leUes, even the Decemvirs could gather no otherwife, but that in the conceipt, 
 &conlentof allmen.thcir government was become odious: & the Commons aUo thus collided 
 and mterprcttd, that the Senators met not together, becaule ptivat men(luchas the Decemvirs 
 wereindeed) had no authority to alTemble aScnat. And now laid they, is f he way and entrance 
 made to recover their liberty again, if fo be the Commons would join with the Senat .■ and as the 
 Noblesbeingcalled.mect not together in counfelvio the Commons likcwifc would refufe to be ^ 
 mudered. In this wile muttered and whilpered the Commons. And intiuthlcarcdy was there 
 any one of the Senators about ths common place, and bat tew wi;hin the city : for -very griefe 
 and indignity to fee that things went as they did,tbey had withdrawn themfelves into thecountrie 
 to their lands : and forgetting the ftate of the common-wealj they became careful of their own 
 privat afFjirs .- thinking themfelves fo far forth freed tromopprelTion and wrong.as they were re- 
 mote and fcquelired from the fociety.meeting and conferencc,with fo Lordly & imperious rulers. 
 When they would not affcmblc at their fummons, the officers were fent unto their houfes, both 
 for toftreineandtake away ftreffes for their contumacic and dilobedicnce, and alio to enquire 
 and learn, whether they refufed to come at their commandment,or of fct purpofe or no.And word 
 they bring back.that the Senators were in the country. 1 be Decenr.virs were better apaid tobear 
 that, than if anf wer had come that they were at home and refuled to obey. They they gave com- 
 mandment that they (hould be fent tor t and they warned a Senat houfe againft the next day fol- 
 lowing: where tbcyallembled more in number then they looked for. Whereupoo the Com- 
 mons fuppofcd that their liberty was bought and fold and utterly betraied by the Nobles, for that 
 the Senat had yee'.ded obedience to them (that now by right were out of tbeit office Jas if they 
 had given lawfull fummons. who being privat men had no power at all fo to do. But they fhew- 
 ed moi e obeifance and fubmiflion, as we have heard fay, in coming to the Councel houfe.than any 
 difpofition to deliver their minds and opinions there, to the liking and pleafutes of the Decemvirs. 
 TMjL.ya/erim Pcmw/, as it recorded, after that ydppifu Claudtw had propofed unto them the j 
 caufe of their meeting, before they were required their advice in order and courfe, claimed the li- 
 berty of the houfe, to fpeak in the behalf e of the common- weal. But when as the Decemvirs de- 
 nied it flatly, yea, and forbad him with threats, upon pain of their higbdilpleaiure, he inferred 
 again and menaced,tbat he would go forth unto the commons, and lo began a broil and tumult. 
 MJIorMiHs BarbatMs likewife took part withhim,and was nothing behind in ftoutneffe tomjin- 
 M.OratwiBir- tain the quarell, terming them ten TarqniMs : "andareyeaware (qaothhe) how the Kings 
 ^""6"^ft vvere in times paft expelled by the the Valerii and HoratU f And yet the name it was not oi 
 e tcemvirt «. Kings.that men were (o weary of and loathed in thole daics.For why ? it was right lawful to call 
 *' 7«y»«fr by that name : whereby i?»w«/«f alio the founder of this City, and other Princes bis 
 'MUccelTours have been called :yea,and the name hath been uled and is retained fti'l as a lolemn ti- 
 " tie, in the facred rites of holy iTirk.Nay , it was the pride and opprelTion of the King, that then M 
 A KingSacri- „ ^^^ odious, and nothing els,whichenormities,i{ they wcrcin thoie daies in theKmg himfelf,a 
 n ths"free* *' I»wfull prince,or in the King bis fon intoUerable, who can abide and endure the fame in fo ma- 
 iftatc. "ny privat perfons? I ad vile you therefore to take heed how you debar men of their liberty of 
 
 " fpeech in the Councel Houfe, left ye drive them thereby to fpeak their mind and complain with- 
 " out the Councel Houfe. Neither lee I anyreafonat all, why it were not as lawfull for me 
 " a privat man, to affemble the people to an audience, as for you to call the Senat together to a 
 *' Councel.Make triall whenloeverye will, ye fhallfind how much more forcible our juft griefe 
 " will be, in recovering our libertie again, than this greedy defire of yours, holding and upholding 
 "ftillyourufurped, unlawfull, and tyrannicall rule. You have propounded here unto us, forfooth, 
 •♦ concerning the Sabines war : as who would lay,the people of Rome can be at greater war with N 
 •' any than with tholc.who having been createdMagiftrates only for the publilhing and enading of 
 *' certain laws, have left now neither law nor juftice at all within the city. Who have taken a way 
 " their Comicts, i. Couttsand Leets of Eledion, their yearly Magiftrats, the lutceffivc change 
 '« and coorle of bearing rule, the only thing that maketh /fonom^, and equality of freedcme. Who 
 *• being but private men, are poffefled both of regallornaments, andalfoutroiall government. Af- 
 •*ter the expuUionolthe Kings, the Magiftrats that lucceedcd were of the Njbillty .• in pro- 
 cefle of time, upon the rifing of the Commons and their departure, there were officers chofen out 
 " of the Commonalty. I demand of you, and I would gladly know, of whether ftate or body are 
 ** ye ? Are ye, I pray you,popular, and of the Common people ? What have ye ever done with ad- 
 *' vice and approbation ofthc people? Are ye Nobles and Peers? who now for a whole yeers fpacc O 
 " almott, have held no Councell of Senators. Ar^d now that ye have aflembled them, you reftrain 
 " them from Ipeaking for the Weal-pubhck. Well prelume not too much.neitber bear your felves 
 «' upon the timoroufnefs of others. For, truft me truly, the indignities that men already (uffcr, 
 *' feem more irklom ar-d unlupportable.than whatioever els they cm doubt and tear hereafter. As 
 CThudlus ffo'-'*i»*' tp»kc thefe words aloud, and the Decemvirs could not bethink themfelves of fome in- 
 to ihc D:ccm- different & mean courle,either in anger to be re vcngcd^or in lenity to pardon and pat up al,nor wift 
 vis. whereto this matter might tend and proceed in the end .• then C. pandiut, uncle to ^fpirtj, the 
 
 Decern-
 
 The third Boo\ of T. Livius. 95 
 
 ADcccmvir,began to fpeak, rather by of way praicr and intreatie, then in checking and reproving 
 " wife, and befought Appifu for his brothers ioa\ lake, who was his own father, to reoiembec 
 " and regard more that civil focietie wherein he was born, then this ungracious and wicked ccn^ 
 «' federscie, contrafted with his fellow Decemvirs. And this requelf I make (quoth he) tender- 
 " inc: your privst efhte more then the Commonweal. As for her, it'llie might not by fair meanes 
 «' and with their good wils, obtain her own due and right, flie would by foul ivaiesjandin fpighc 
 «' of their hearts recover it in the end. And for as much as of ir.uch debate and (Irife thert; enlue 
 '• commonly heats of anger and cankred rancour.l am in dread & horror whst the lequei and if- 
 «« lue wi 1 be of thele jars. Now when as the Decemvirs would not permit the reft to (peakjbut 
 only to the point propofed and occafionoi- their roeering, yet they were absfhed to interrupt 
 ^ the fpecch o^ (^taudius and to cut him oft .• but (uffered him to goe on untill he made an end. And 
 in conclnfion bis opinion and fentcnce was, that he would not (io abide by it) agree that any aft 
 of the ^enatfliould for that time pafi'c in that behalf. And all that were prefent took bis words (o, 
 as if ClaHd'M deemed nootberwileofthc Decemvirs,tben of private men. Many of themjKojfuch 
 el'pccially as had been Confuls, were of his mind, and faid as mucb. Another opinion there was, 
 more rough and (harp in outward fliew, but far leffe forcible and cfFeduall in dec d :adviring and 
 willing th: Nobles, to make no more ado, but togo togethetsandchufean Iriterregent. For this 
 man Teemed yet, to account and judge themMagiftratcSj (bad though they were) that bad called 
 (^ a5cnat, and beldthem in Councell ; whereas the former, that would not abide any adl to pafle, , crirndlm\ii% 
 reckoned them uut forprivatperfons. Thus when the Decemvirs caufe began to (hrinke and go Speech inthe 
 downward, L. CorrtltM Ailafft£tK(>t(!t,btother to Cornelius the Decemvir, bei ng referved of pur- Se»i. 
 po!etogive his opinion in thelaltpiaceofal the ConfularSenatoius.fucb ashsd been Coni'ulSjpre- 
 " fending a care that rluy had of the war. took part with his brother and his Collegues, fav'ing,that 
 "bemarvelltd much by what misfortuoe or deftinie it bapned,(bit the decemvirs fliould oechal- 
 "lenged and oppugned, cipecially by thole that had Itood for the Decemvirlbip, or by theic 
 •' friends and altociatcs .• and how it came about.that in ib many months fpacc,whilcs the city was 
 *' at rclt and without 'ear of war,no man made quellion or doubt, whether they that we! e in place, 
 ''and governed ihcltate, werelawfull Msgiftrates oc no : and now at laft.vhcn the enemies are 
 «' in a manner at the gates, they fhould fow civil didention, anlclle this were the meaning of it, 
 *^ " that in a troubled (tateit would not be fo clearly feen and perceived, ^vhattfaey went about.But 
 '' no man is aole(qd.he)to let do'wn a true doom,&alledge a ruled cafe in fogteat a matter as this 
 "is,To men, whole minds are buficd and wholly poflefled of a gcea;ei care. And tberefore my o- 
 *' pinion is.tbat concerning that point whichFrf/(f/-;!«;andWor<«f/wcbafged the Decemvirs with, 
 ••namely, That before thcldes of May their government was determoed, an.itbey ou^ofoffice; 
 •• the Scnat fhould difcufie and debate, when as the wars now at hand were difpjrched, and the 
 •• Commonweal brought once again to quietnefs. And that jippms !:laHj.tm fliouid make this rec- 
 " koning even no .v atorhand, and know tOat he is to render a reafon of that highcouit nf Parla- 
 '•ment, which for the eKftionof Decrmvirs he called and held, beinea Dectoivir himfeif .• 
 •'namely, Whether they were created for one year only, or to continue it;il!,iinr:li the other laws 
 E " which yet are wanting, were ratified and confit md. As for the prefent iime,he though- good that 
 " all other matters ihould lurceale, and be pafTed over, fave thi; war or.ly s the i uuiour whereof, it 
 '• they thcaght to be tal'e, and tbit they were but tales that not only the melfengers, but aifo the 
 '' EmbalTidours of the Tufculans rf ported,then his advifa was to fend out elpials, who upon their 
 •' dilcovery might bring more certain tidings. Put in cafe they gave credence to mtfleirgers a!:d 
 "Emballadcursboth, then with all Ipced poffibls to muftcr, and the Decemvirs to have the con- 
 "dud of the armies, and toleadthem whithet they thought meet : and that nothing els fh.ald be 
 thought upon before this. Which opinion of his, that it might prevail and take ^ffed, theptjnie 
 5entaours by iiiiportunatconvafling, obtained. Then Frf/fr.«/ and ii/sr.jf/aj buthroleup the fe- 
 cond ti.me more fierce and eager than before, calling upon them aloud, that they might be per- 
 F mitted'olpea!- concerning the Commonweal.* and in cale they might not be fuffcreaoy rsi'onof 
 the faftion.to have the liberty oflpeechintheCouncel Houfe^.thcy would fpeak their mind with- 
 out, before the people. Forneithercculd privat men (as they were} debar th.m in Senat Houle, 
 nor in open alTtmbl) & togive place unto their imaginaty,^nd pretended imperi?.! en(igns,they 
 would never be brought. Then .^^"^/w fuppofing the matter wel-neer ccme to this pafie, that 
 unleiVe the vioierce were refift ed with like boldncfl'e, their rule was at an end, and their autho- 
 ritie conquered : Ye wcrenot bell (quoth he) to (peak but to the matter, whereupon we fit in 
 Conlultation. And when ^^/m«.- replied again and laid plainly, that he would not held h?s 
 tongue f.r a privat mans commandment : Appius lent a Serjeant unto him. KShcua'^onyalerim 
 cried for hel^ to the Quit ittSv t.om the porch of th; Councell Houle. Then L. Cw»f //»/ cla'ping 
 Q y^ppim about tbemiddlcj without regard to content him whole good hn pretended, (iaicdthe 
 ftvife. S ' by the mcdiaion of Cor>:e/:iHi leave was granted to FJcrma for to fjy his mind at his 
 own plea'.uie. But, for as much as his libertie proceeded no farther, th;n to lome few words.the 
 Dcctmviis held on their purpofe Rill, and had their delire. The Nobles alio, (uch as had be;:n ' ;on- 
 lu.Sjind the ancients, upon an old cankred hatred that they bearc lliU asairiftfhe I.ibons authori- 
 ty , where upon (hey (uppofed the Commons were muchmoredevweci :snci affetted, then unto the 
 government of the Coniuls,were rather inclined and willing that the Decemvirs «.•{■ thti*- own ac- 
 corafhoaidthcmfelves afterwards forgo their otfice, than that upon flatted and malice received 
 
 agamil
 
 ^6 The third BooJ\^ofT. Livius. 
 
 againft them, the Commons fhould take heart of grafTcjind hold up besd again. Forit with gen-. H| 
 tie handling' of the matter, without ftir and clamoar of the people, Che regiment retnrned again I 
 untotheConfuIs.it would haply come to paffe, that either by meanesof wars coming between, 
 or through the moderation of theConfulsin tbeir govcrnmfint,the Commons might in time tor- 
 get the Tribuns quite. 
 
 Thus whiles the Nobles were filent and made no more words, a mufter was proclamed, and 
 the younger fo!t of people^ feeing tbegovernment of the Decemvirs abfolutc and without appeal, 
 made anl'wer to their names. And when the legions were enrolled, the Decemvirs tookordec 
 and agreed betwcenthcmielves who fhould go forth to the wars, and who (hould have the com" 
 mand of the fbrces.The chiele & principal of the Decemvirs were Q_.Fabtu(,inAAfpius Claudtm, 
 And for that there leemedgreater war at home then abroad, the Decemvirs (uppoi'ed the violent' - 
 nature of y^/);)/«/, fitter to rcprefie all troubles and mutinies in thecitie; and confidcring with- 
 all t he dii'pofit ion of Fubitts, to be leffe conftant and reloluie in goodneffe.then adlive and quick in 
 miliiarie lervice, Cfor this man having been in times part of great worth, both at home, and alio 
 in war ; the Decemvirfhip, and the conditions of bis colleagues togather, had To greatly changed, 
 that he chofe rather to belike ^f^us then himrelf)(o him therefore wasimpofed the charge of 
 the war againlftheSabines, together with M.RahleiM iad O. Petilimjo'intdin commilTion 
 with him. M, Cornelius was fent into Algidnm,'w\ih L,Ad(KtttiHi,T,AfttoKiui,C^fo DMiIltfu,»ad 
 Ai. SirgiWftnd they ordained and appointed Sp.Oppita as alliftant to Appitu 0audiiu,iot the de- j^ 
 fence and government of the city, and to have the full authotitie of allthe ten Decemvirs. But 
 the Common- weal fped no better abroad in warfare, thin it fared at home. The onely fault in the 
 Generals was this. That they had made ihemfelves odious to their fouldiers and citizens: all the 
 blame els lay in the fouldiersthemftlves ■> Whototheend that nothing might go well forward 
 and pro(per under the leading and condu(3 of the Decemvirs, luffetcd themlelves totheirown 
 (bame, and dilhonourof their captains, to bedcleatcd : for the armies were 6oth by the Sabines 
 at Eretum, and al(o by the ^Equians in yilgidum difcomfited. They that fled from Eretum in the 
 dead of the night, had encamped and fortified upon an high ground nearer unto the city of ^owe, 
 beiwecn Fidtftf ind CrufiftmeHitt. And when the enemiepuriued them ftill and provoked them 
 to fight, they would never come forth into the plain and even ground, to encounter with them L 
 inapightbattelljbut flood upon their guard and defended themlelves, truflingin the fifuation ot 
 the place and their raropier, and nothing upon their own manhood and force of arms. BatinAJ- 
 gidum they committed a m ore foul and beadly fault, and received withall a greater loffe and over- 
 throw ; infomuch as having loft their camp with all iheir tents, the Ibldiers being turned out of bag 
 and baf^gage, their harnels and implements of neceffary ufej retired for refuge to Tujculttm, ho- 
 ping there tobe entertained as guc.'ls, and to live open the proteftion, mercy and devotion of * 
 their hoUs and friends ; who failed and deceived not their expedlion. But to Rome there 
 came fuch fearfull news, that the Ssnatours and Nobles laying apart now all hatred againft the 
 D;ccmvirs, thought good to keep watch and ward in thecitie •• and commanded as many as 
 were able to bear arms, to keep the wals and guard the gates .- they gave order alfo to fend bar- 
 nei's and armour to (uppy their want at Tufculnm : moreover, That the Decemvirs fliould abah- M 
 don the cattle at TufcuLm, and with their louldiets take the field and keep the camp .• That 
 they iik<:wire fhould difiodge and remove from Fidem, that lay fortified there and removeinto 
 the coantrie ot' the Sabines -• fo that by miking wais upon the enemies nrft , they might fcare and 
 divert them from purfuing their intent of giving adault unto thecitieof ^ewe. Befidesthefc 
 damages and foils (u'lained at the enemies hands, the Decemvirs committed both in war 
 abroad, and alio in the ciiie at home, two mod wicked and horrible fatSs. For whereasone 
 Li suciiii mar- /;,, Siccius, during their abode in the Sabines countri:(upon an odious conceit knd malice againft 
 u^'a liet'' t "^ '^^ Dcccmvirsy had goneup and down.and infecrettalke whifperedin theearsof the Common 
 theDccciiivirs. fouldiers, fume mention of c. eating Tribuns, and ofanother infurreflion and departure : 
 
 him the Decemvirs difpatch bifore,to fpie out a convenient plot of ground to encamp in. Now N 
 they had given thcfcfculdicrsin charge, whom they fcnt to accompaniehim in that expediti- 
 on to fee him upon h'im in fomefit piace ol advantage and to kill hiin. And kill him they did,but 
 to their own coU ; for whiles he focght in bis own defence, foir.e of tbofe that laid for bis mil- 
 chicfc, died tor it, and lay along about him fur companie; for being a right (lout and ftrong man 
 of h;s hands, he Hood foit couiagioufly : and notwitbllandinghe was befet round about, he 
 defended bimlelf very manfully, fhe relt that elcaped bring word into the citiip, that ■S'/ct/w 
 was fallen una wares into an amballimenr.and whiles he fought lultily,was with certain other of 
 the fouldiers fiain. At the firlf, credit was given to him that brought the news. But after- 
 wards, when as there was a band of fouldiers thiiher lent by the pcrmiflion of the Decemvirs, to 
 bury the:n that there lay dead : they obletving none of their bodies there, to be diiarmed and de- O 
 ipoiled, and 5.rr/«j l;,ing:n the midlt cf his armour, andallthe refl of the dead with their faces 
 towards fairn: no corps of enemie, nor footing ot them depaning froiii tneccc, brought a way 
 with tnem his dead carciHe, and made report that undoubtedly and pafTe all peradventure, he 
 was murdred by his owncompmic. Hereupon was the whole camp filled with birred and de- 
 tcfriiionof chisfad, andgcneially it was agreed, that Siccitu forthwith fhould beconvaiei- 
 to ^fl»»f,bad not the DvCemvirs made baft to folemnize his funerals fouldierlike.a' the publike 
 charges of the common trcaiutie. So interred wi5 he with exceeding forrow and mourning 
 
 of
 
 I he third Bool^ of T. Li vius. 07 
 
 A of the IbuldierSjbuc to rhemoft (liameful obloquy and infamy of the Decemvirs, amongft the 
 common fort. 
 
 Now t'ollowech the ether heinous deed committed within the City: which began of wanton Thetragicii 
 lulKandb^idasioiu and ftiameluianendjas that which upon the carnal abuling and bloody death Hifturyof;',r-' 
 oF LftcrctiaiCnii the Ta^qmns OMi of the City, and deprived them of their regal dignity:that both £'««• 
 KK. and Decemvirs, might have not only the like fiici.efs and iflue, but alio one and the Telf lame 
 caufe, otloiin!^ their rule >'.nd dominion, yjpfmts C/a»d uf QnAmourcd upon a virgin, a commoners 
 daughter, lulled to theabule and Ipoil of her body. The father of the maiden L, Vtrffinins^ was 
 of good calling, and in p!a' e of credit inthe camp that lay in ^/^/^«»2, and had the leading there 
 B of a company -"a man of honeit example and converlati on of life, both at home and alfo abroad in 
 warfare. His wife likewileot vertuousdiipohtion: fowere their Children nurtured and t;iughc 
 accordmgly. He had elpoufed and anian.ed his daughter in marriage to one L. Icdtm-, a man of 
 itout courage (as having been Tribune} and whole vertoe and valor had been well tried and ap- 
 proved in the quarrel and defence of the commonalty. This damfel in the prime of her years,paf- 
 Imgfair and beautiiul withal, .ippitis(l lay) calt a lancy and liking unto , and fo burned in love of 
 her, thatheaflayed with gifts and f^rpromifesto win her good wii.But feeing allguardedand 
 furely fenced with maidenly ("hamefalmcrs aiidbonelly, he bent his mind wholly to cruel and 
 proud violen.e. He luborneth and fetteth on a favorite and follower of his, one M. ( laudms^ 
 to makechallenge and lay cisim unto her as his bond-maid: and not to give placenor yeeld her 
 C unto them, that required to have her at liberty out of his hands, during the luit, and until fliee 
 brought prooi ot her!rtedom:ft!ppoling,becaule the farher ofthe virgin was abfent, he had good 
 opportnnity to work this feat, and ompafs his intended injury. As the maiden therefore was 
 comm'ng into che market plate, (for there were the fchoolsforpeties kept, of reading and wri- 
 lingj theOecetn^irsman (abrokercofervehis maflershiH) laid holdnpon her, avowingthac 
 fhe wa> his bondiervants daughter, and therefore his bond-maid : commanding her to follow 
 him, and threatningheLdf;s,ttiat iffhe made any Rays, he would have her away perforce. The 
 feartui girl hereac was amazed and her nurle vvithalcried to the Qulritsfor he'p : vvheieupohthe 
 people came f unnrng ana flocked together all about them. Now was the name of Vngin'W her 
 father, and likewife ot } alius her 'poule., very gracious and popular : fo that the love and favour 
 D wherein they itood.r.iifed friends and acquaintanie : and the mdignity of the thing befides, mo- 
 ved the whole multitude to tender the caufe ofthe damfel. When as there fore flie was now paft 
 danger of violence, the party that made claim unto her , faid there was no need that the peo- 
 ple thus (houidgathertogether, for bis mear.ing was to proceed only by order of law, andnot 
 with any violent courfe. And fohe cited her to the court, minding to commence his aftion a- 
 gainft her, and put her in fuir. Then they that were prefent to alTitc her,perfwaded her to follow. 
 Now when they were come before y^pptas-, fitting judicially upon his tribunalfeat, the Plaintif, 
 or challen; CTforefaiddeclareth againft her, and telleth ataleful wel known to the Judge him- 
 felf, beingthe author and devifer of the whole matter and argument: Namely, that the maicien 
 was born in his houfe.and by fiealth was from thence conveied home to F'iy(ri::i;if,'{i)d fo washis 
 £ fuppol'ed and reputed daughter: this he averred to have certainknowledge of, by pregnant evi- 
 dences and witnefles : and would make proofthereof to be moff true, and letF/r^/«.'«.t him'elf be 
 the judg, whom the greater part of this wrong deeply touched: inthemeanwhile, it was but 
 meet and reafon that the bond-maid fliould.go with her Maffer, The friends and advocates of 
 the damfel, having alledged and pleaded in her behalf,that Virgixiiis was abfent and employed in 
 the affairs of Common- weal : and if he had word thereof, would rot fail but be at home within 
 two days :that it was no realon that whiles aiather was away, heflvould be in contention and 
 controverfie about bis i hildren : they required oi Appitts therfore to defer and put off the hearing 
 ofthe whole m3tter,untilherfatherscoming, and that according to a law by himfelfin that cafe 
 made and provided, he would grant her to be at large and ft and at liberty, for to bring in procfs 
 F that file was not bond: and that he vvculd not fuffer a maid of thole years, ripe and ready for a 
 husband, to be more in h.izard and danger of her good name, then prejudiced in the tri;l of her 
 freedom, v^pp'w; made a long preface and difcourfe before his decree, namely, how much he fa- 
 voured and tendered t he en ufe of liberty, and to that effe iff , alledged the fell fame law which the 
 friends of A'^';?-?'?"'"/ pretended for their purpofe and demand. But fo far forth, and no othervvife, 
 fhould there be in that law affuredfafeguard of freedom, as the cafe altered not in circumfbnce 
 ofcaufes and perfons. For,thisprivi!edge and benefit held only inthofe that were claimed to 
 be free, where my man whofoever might goto law and plead. As for her, who was in her fathers 
 hand & at hisdifpoftion there was no other man elfe , unco whom the Mafter that makcth chal- 
 lenge- is to yeeid the right of his poffelfion. Hispleafure therefore was., and thus he decreed, That 
 G the father fliould befent for ; and that in the mean feafon, he that made title to her, fhouldnoc 
 be prejudiced thereby, but th^t he might lead away the wench, promifing a.'^d a^nmingto have 
 ber forth-coming- and toprefent herin Court, attbe return of him who is pretended and nomi- 
 nated to be her father. Aeainft this injurious decree, when as many uen r.uher muctced and 
 murmured then any one durft refufe and contradidf it, P Nnmnorim-, the maid.'^ Un le by the 
 mother fde, and Ic'dim her efpoufed husband, hapned to come in place : and having wny made 
 them through thethrong and prefs, the multitude tho'ight verily, that by the comins, efpecially 
 of/c///«.f, v^ppwj-mighchavebeen refilled and croffcd. Btit then the Liftor pronounced that
 
 98 
 
 J he third Boo\ofTXAv\as, 
 
 (( 
 
 JppiHS had pafled an order and decree already, and put Jcilttts back : who cried out aloud/for (o H 
 manifeli andhornb.eawronghad beenenough to have moved a very Saint, and let onfirea 
 iciiiM his right mild naturtd peiion J "' Nay, Jppnis (quoth hejthou hadii more need to fee me back with 
 fpeech to App. "1'orce ot arms,if thou wouldrt go clear away, and not be fpoken to for that which thou wouldlt 
 cUudm, " do in hucker mucker. Thismaid,Itellthee, Imeanflial go with me: I purpofe lo have her 
 
 *'tomy lelfe, an honeft and pure virgin, and enjoy her in lawtul marriage, as my wedded wife: 
 *' call therelore unto thee ail the Liitors behdes (thou were bed) that belong unto thy t ompani- 
 '• cn'^ : caule buth rods and axes to be made ready : I tell thee, Jalnu his efpouied wite, flia,! not 
 <' abide in any place without her fathers houfe. What ? although ye have taker '"rem the Com- 
 *' mons oiRome the Tribuns aflillance and prote£lion,and the priviledge of Appe^i,iwo p-incipal I 
 " bulwarks for defence of their liberty: ye are not therefore allowed to rule and tyrannize, and 
 ' to fulfilyour lufl upon our children and wives too, Exercife your rigour and cruelty and fpare 
 *' not, upon our backs and hdesinlcourging us, yea, upon our necks and heads alfo, in taking 
 " them from our flioulders : lb ye forbear to affail our chaftity and honelty. Whercunto, if any 
 " violencefhall be offered, I willformy part, callfor thehelp of the Qiiirites here prefenc, in 
 *■ the bchall of my fpoufe : and Fir^mius for himfeif will call to the fouldiers, in regard of his on- 
 ly daughtenwe willcry ior help of God and man:and coH it fliall our lives before thou go away 
 "• with this decree, and put it in exei-ucion. I require and charge thee, O Apfms therefore, to be 
 «' wel advifed, and look how far thoudoft proceed. Let Vir^inms when he is come, lee to his 
 •'daughter, how he dealeth about her: and let him know thus much for certain, that if he give K 
 " place to this plaintifs afleaion, and forgo the prefent poffellion of her, he fhall go leek hiselute 
 *' and propriety that he hath in his daughter. As for me, in this quarrel of maintaining the free- 
 " domofmy fpoufe, I wilUoie my life, before I fail in my faithful promife to hermade, Hereac 
 the whole multitude was moved, and like it was, that feme mutiny and fray would pref^ntly have ^ 
 enfued. For the I.iftors had hemmed in /c;//w on every fide. Howbeit they proceeded no far- 
 ther then to big words and high threats: whiles v4;););«< laid hard to /£■//;»/, "That hi. did not 
 " this )"o much in the behalf and defence otr;rj-;»//^j, as, (being himfeltan unruly perfon, and even 
 " already breathing iorth a Tribuns fpirit) fought means, and picked occafion of an uproar and fe- 
 *'dition, Howbeit for his parthe wouldnot that day minifier unto him any matter thereof.And 
 " that he might now wel know, that he did not this to feed his malapert I'aucinefs, bur in re- L 
 " c^ard of the abfence of Ftrginius, and tor the name of a father,and the tender reipedl of freedom, 
 " he would not that day fit to hear and determin the matter, nor award a definitive judgment in 
 '' that cafe: but would reqnelt Mar. Claudius, to lufpend his ai\ion, andtoforbear andyeeldfo 
 '• much of his own right, as tofufferthe maid to be bailed and go under furedes, and to heather 
 ''.liberty until the nextday. But in cafe her father appeared not in Court the morrow after > he 
 " gave Iciiim-i and fuch as he was, to wit and undcrffand, that neither the law fliould want the 
 " patronage ofthe maker, nor the Decemvir fail in courage and refolution : neither would hecal 
 " together hisfellow officers and fergeants, for to keep under fuch fcditious and turbulent fpirits 
 " as he was : but would content himfelF with his ownLiclor^j and do wel enough. The time now 
 of effeiling this injury, being thus deferred, and the maids Advocates gone afide, they agreed firft M 
 ofall upon this point, that a brother of /6///«i, and a fon of A/;/;^;/?^^^/, two lully and nimble 
 young men, fl-iould be difpatched flraight from thence to thegate: and that with all fpeed polTible 
 Virqiniui fliould be lent for home from the camp : for that it flood the maid upon,as much as her 
 whole eflate and life was worth ; that he would be prefent and ready indue time the day follow- 
 ing^ to preferve her from this hard courfe,and wrongful proceeding. According as they were bid- 
 den, they fet forward, and fpared no horfeflefh, until they brought tidings hereof to her father. 
 Allthis whiletheplaintifthatmadechallengetothemaid, was very indant with /a/w to bail 
 her and put in fureties. And he again made anfvver That he went about it as faft as hecould,and 
 did nothing elfe : but indeed trifling out the time on purpofe, until the meflengers that were Tent 
 to the camp, were got afore welonward on their way. Then the whole multitude on all fides N 
 held up their hands, in token that they offered themfelves every one unto Icilius, ready to be- 
 come bound. Whereupon, he burfl out into tears forrender heart. Gramercy(quoth hejmy ma- 
 tters all, to morrow I wil ufe your helping hand : for this time I am fped of fureties enough. So 
 was Fir^rinia ict at liberty, and bailed by the furetifhip ot her kinsfolk. Then Appius. after he had 
 flayed a while, becaule he would not feem to have fat for that matter alone, when he Taw all other 
 fuitsandcau'esomitted.inregardthey had to it, and no m-'n coming to him for jnllire, hea- 
 rofe, git him hometo his houfe, and wrote unto hi'^ brethren De.emvirs inta the camp, thac 
 tfiey lliould not give Vir^inim his pafport but keep him fall in duran:e, and in ward. This wick- 
 ed priffife (as God would have it) came fliort. For nj-jf.^/M.r already had got his difcharge, and 
 was departed forward on his journey, in theeveningby the fetting ofthe firfl watch. And very o 
 early in the morningcame the lettersfortortay him, but all in vain. For /^r^/«;«j by break of 
 day wa<; arrived: by which time the whole City retorted into the common place, Handing and 
 vv,iiriny;earnelUy forhiscoming.And thither he himfeif being in foiled andfimple arny brought 
 his daughter in her old worn cloaths; accompanied with certain Wives, and a great number of 
 Advocates and 'riends . Then and there began he to go from one man to another, and to labour 
 ihemhard: and not only befonght their afTiftanrehy way of increaty and prayer, but alio requi- 
 red it as due and deferved : faying; that he (tooddayly in field ready to fight in defence of their 
 
 wives 
 
 1
 
 The third Bool^ of T. Li v ius. g q 
 
 A wives and children : neither could there be reported of any man more hardy exploits and valiant 
 pieces ot feni.e in war, then of him felf. But what booteth or availcth all this (quoth he) to 
 lave the City from enemies, in cafe our children be forced to abide the utmolt extremities that 
 beul unto Cities taken by the enemies? thus went he about preaching, as it were, from one man 
 to another. Likewife /aliw call forth and redoubled like fpeeches freely .'nd fpared not. But the 
 trainof women, with their Hill and lilent weeping, moved men more then any words uttered. 
 All this notwitbihnding, ^/)p/««inhisobHinate mmd (fo difquieted was he and wholly polfef- 
 I'ed with a forcible ip'rit of humorous madnefs rather then ofamorous pnirionjafcended up into 
 flKtri unal. Where, as the plaintiffirlf of himfelf was framing lomefiiort complaint, that by rea- 
 Bfon of partial favour and making of great friends, hecould not have law and jutlice the day pall: 
 before chat either he had made an end ot his demand, or given ieaiure loFirainim for to put in 
 his anfwcr accordingly: v^;;^/^/^ interrupted the fpeech, and began himfeif. Whar preamble it was 
 that he made before his decree, peradventure fome ancient writers have for truth recorded. But 
 for as much as I cannot any wherelind. info fliameful a decree, thatwhi.h carriethbuta lliew 
 andfoundeth like atruth :therefore,th.it only whi^h is ofall agreed upon, I thought bell to fee 
 down, even the fentencebareiy without any preface at all: namely , Tli-it hep'Jgcd her in the bc- 
 halfe of the PUtntifto he his hond-fervu-tt. Firit, allmen there, wonderedat this unworthy and 
 foulad: and being (fru. ken therewith aftoniedj for a good while after, HoodlHUand held their 
 peace. But afterwardijwhenasi!/. (7 «c(<«', went tolayhand onthemaid, amonglf the dames 
 C that (food about her, and wa^ received with a piteous lamentation, and cry of the women: 
 Then Z'^' ^;«/».- beckning with his hands and Qiaking them at ^p;)'/j!;: '•'To /r.'/';ii^(quoch he)have ... 
 " I betrothed my daughter and not tocheeO /7p/7<</.f: brought her up 1 have lor honelt and ^"f '^tT !i" ■• 
 "chali wedlock, and not for unclean and filthy whordom :to be a wife another day and not an ^°' 
 "harlot. Is this the manner of it, like bruit and wild beafts without all regard to leapand run 
 " iiponyou care not wnom,.indto fuL.l yourflellily luft? How thefethat be here wil futfer fuch 
 "pranks, I know not: but they that are !n camp vvicti fword in hand I hope.wiil never put them 
 "up. Now when as he that challenged the maid was by a knot of Women and Advocates that 
 Rood about her tepelled back, then proclamed the Bedle and commanded fiknce. Andthe De- 
 cemvir having his head intoxicate, and altogether carried away with unbridled iu(l, brake forih. 
 £) and laid That he bad certain intelligence and was inform.edof a truth, by manifell and affurede- 
 viciences. (and not induced and led thereto by the reviling taunts of /r'/'?<j yefterday, and the vi- 
 olent proceedings oiVnqtmus^ whereof hehad the peopleof Rome to bear witneft, and v\hich 
 mii^ht give (ome light and prefumptions) That the night palf there were meetings and ( onventi- 
 des in the City, and all to raife a mutiny and ini'urreiSion : and therefore, he not igrorant of fuch 
 a broil and riot coward, was come down into the common place with a guard of armed men : 
 not minding to hurt any one that would keep the peace, but only by vertue of the majcP.y of go- 
 vernmertand authority, to reprefs fut h as troubled the peaceable Hate of the City: therefore ic 
 were bc^fl for them to be (fill and quiet. Go Sergeant (quoth he) caufe the people to avoid the 
 place- and make room for the malterto lay hand upon his bond-flave:and after fe had thundred 
 £ out thefe words full of ire and wrath, the multicude of themfelves gave bark and made way : fo 
 thepoot filly wer:h Hood all forlorn and lelt as a prey to their injurious clutches. Then V'lrgi- 
 mns feeing all paH help and ro other remedy : Well Ajip'ns (quoth he j pardon me t'xix I befeech 
 thee. if upon a fatherly afteitionandgrielof heart,! have let fal fome IlirewdandcurH words a- 
 gainfi thee mure then was befeeming : Then , give m^ leave here before the virgin, to enquire of 
 her nurfe the truth of thi<; matter that if I have fathered her untruly,! may go hence better apay- 
 ed and fatisi;ed in my mind. Leave being granted, he led his daughter and the nnrfe 3p;,rt Irom 
 the reHr necr to the Church oi Venus Clsacina^ hard at the flrops, called at this d:.y Nova Tuber- yirgma plte- 
 »<c,i.e. the new fhops or Handings : and therehaving caught a knife from aburcher hechus O"""/ '•illcJt;? 
 fpake .• My fwcet daughter, no other me:ns have I bur this only to let thee free: and foheHruck 'fif-therr;'/-" 
 l^thedamfcl to the heart : and looking prefendy to the judgement feat, Herewith this blood I fa- ■S'^''"^* 
 crifice rhce ^ffi-M^ and thy he.id to theDevil. yippiw with the crie that aroleupon fo horrible a 
 faft, being mu.h troijbied, commanded .^-''t^/^.w to be apprehended : but he with bloody blade in 
 hand, made wav where he went, until wich a number that toliowed him.^pace to bear him com- 
 pany, he recovered the g.itc. A'//.«jai:d Nn-tinoriHs \.ooV up the bloodiefs corps and held it aloft 
 to the people •• blaming and curf;ng the wi..kednefs of App-'.i> ■ pitying the unhappy and unfo: tu- 
 n:te beauty of tht! dimfel : and bcw.ulingthe hard exigent and extremity of the father. The 
 M urons fo.lowed after and cried : Is this thecondicion and fortune allotted unto parents for 
 getting a"d biaring children .'Is this the hire and reward of chaflity and virginity : with other like 
 fpeechrs which in fuch a ■ale, women in their p,rief of mind ule to utter: whofe forrow as it is 
 G more heavy, pro eed'ng from wcakand tender hearts foicyeeldeth and afforcicrh m^Te pitiful 
 and lamentable words, as they miketheirplaints and dolorous,moans.ButthemenaDd Iciliits a- 
 bovetherefl: had no othcrtalk but of the Tribunes authority, and the appeal unto the bodvof 
 ihepeop.e h^w they were taken away from rhem, and of otherpubii k indigniti.^s ard^ommon 
 difccntents.The whi-^le multitude partly uponthe hainoufncfs ofthis wicked aift, and pirt'\ for 
 hope by thic occal'cn to recover againtheir iberr'es, we*eall up at on einan upro.^r. Appus or\c 
 whiletommanded /f.7.-.f tobe called, another while for his dll'obedience and contumacy to be 
 attached and convented before him. At the length, feeing no way made unto the Appantors^ for 
 
 ^K 2 CO
 
 jQQ J he tbirdBool{ofTXAvhs, 
 
 tocomebyhim, paffedhlmfelf witha crew of tall gentlemen ot" the Nobility that were of his H 
 ouard through thethrong & commanded to have him away to prifon. By which time there were 
 ootcen about Icilmt not only the multitude, but the chief Captains ^nd ringleaders of the multi- 
 tude, L. VderiHs and M. Horatttts : who having thrutt the fergean: back, laid withal, that if Af- 
 pius had' any thing to charge him with by order of law, they would bail Icil.ffs.and maintain his 
 caufe a^ainlt him^who was buta private perfon: but if he went about to offer vit.leiicejbe fhould. 
 foon meet with his matches. Hereupon grew a fierce brawland broil. TheDecemvirs c ffi.ef fet- 
 teih upon ^akrats and Horatms to lay hold upon them : but his rods were by the multitude bro- 
 lien to pieces. Then Affms gets him^up into the common place of audience, for to fpeak unto the 
 people. Horatms and ra/fn«j follow after hirti up, to do the like. Them the aflembly heard with I 
 patience, but they hifled at Jppiusznd cried out againfl him. Then Vderius took upon him, and 
 commanded the Liif ors to give attendance no longer upon a private perfon. Whereupon, ylp^im 
 his heart was done and his courage quailedrand fo Handing in fear of his life,he was fain to cover 
 his face, and to withdraw himfeU in difguifed manner, and took an houfe over his headjneer unto 
 the common place (unknown to his adverfaries) there to favehimfelf. Sp.Oppias, for to refcue 
 and fuccour his Colleague, rufhed from an other fide into the place : and there he might fee force 
 and mioht to have got the upper hand of authority. After many devices and confultations,wher- 
 with he was diflradfed,and framing bimfelf to yeeld confent on every hde, at length by the advice 
 and perfwafions of many there about him, in great fear he commanded the Senat to be called to- 
 gether. This appcafed the multitude, for that they were in hope that(by means of the iicnators, K 
 who many of them, feemedtomilTike the a6tsand proceedings of the Decemvirs; that govern- 
 ment of theirs fliould come to an end. The Senat devifed and took order, not to provoke the 
 Commonstoofar:and withal to have a more provident and fpecial eye, that the coming of^r- 
 ginins into the camp, bred no mutiny in the army. Whereupon were fent certain of the puny Se- 
 nators unto the hoif, that lay encamped upon the hill Kfc/Zw, who advertifed the Decemvirs 
 from the Senat, to endeavor all they could to keep the fouldiers in good order, from commotion 
 and fedition. But there Firginius raifed a greater uproar and tumult then he had left behind him 
 in the City. For befides that, he was feen coming with a crew and train almoft of four hundred 
 men vvhoincenfed with the indignity of the late accident, accompanied him voluntary from the 
 City , his naked drawn knife, and himfelf befprinkled and embrued with blood, caufed the whole L 
 campro turn their eyes upon him. Moreover, their gowns feen in fundry places within thecamp, 
 made a "reater fliew of citizens in number then was indeed .Being demanded of them what news, 
 and what the matter was, he weptj and for a good while held his peace. At the lart, when as 
 now the multitude; that for fear ran confufedly together, began to Hand ftill and keep filence-he 
 declared orderlyfrom the beginning to theend, every thing inparticular, as it vvasdone. Then 
 liftino up his hands to heaven,and calling to all his companions and fellow fouldiers,he befoughc 
 ihem'not to impute that foul a6l unto him, whereof in truth Appim ClmAius was the author and 
 caufe : nor to detcft and abhor him as a parricide and murderer of his own children : faying, that 
 his dauohters life was more dear unto him then his own, if (he might havelivedfree and honeft- 
 ly. But when he fiw her once haled by force, as a bond-maid to be raviflied and made a ftrumpet, M 
 he thought it better to be bereft ot his children by death, then by contumely and reproach : and 
 fo upon'meer pitifulnefs incurred the fhew and appearance of cruelty. And but that herepofed 
 fome hope in the aid of his fellow fouldiers, trufting thatthey would be revenged for his daugh- 
 ters death, he would not have remained a livefman alter her. I know well (faith he) that you alfo 
 have daughters, fillers and wives of your own: And it is not the death of my child that hath kil- 
 led and morcified the luft of Appius, but rather the longer it efc^peth unpunifhed, the more out-^ 
 ra^'ious and unbridled would it be. So that by the calamity of another man, ye are well taught 
 and warned to beware of thehke injury. As for me, I have buried my wife before, who died on 
 Gods hand : and now my daughter, for that fl-vemight not finifh the courfe of her days, with the 
 fafety of her maiden head and chaftity, hath died, I confefs, apitlfuland lamentable, but yet an, N 
 honeft kind of death. As to Appim, Cquoth he) now can he not fulfil his lufl in this my lioule : 
 and for any other violence of his whatfoever,! carry the fame mind and heart Hill vo detend mine 
 own body, wherewith I have already faved my daughters. Now let other men look to them- 
 felves and their children, as well as they can. As Vir^inius uttered thefe ipeechesaioud, the whole 
 multitude with one accord cried and protefted, they would not fail, bur both revenue his grief, 
 and maintain their own freedom. The Citizens alfo in their iide gowns, intermingled among the 
 fou'diers, made the felf fame complaints : fliewing how much more horrible thole things were 
 intheeyetobe feeninfad, then theycould found unto the ear by kre relation: and withalre- 
 ported, how at /v(7»?f the matter was well neerdifpatched already, for that there were certain 
 come after them, even hard at their heels from thence, who brought word that App'rus had likeQ 
 to have beeninurdered, and was departed into exile : and fo far prevailed they with them, that 
 they gave the alarme, plucked up their flandards, and took their way to Rome. The Decemvirs 
 bein"^ fore troubled, both at thefe prefent occurrents which they evidently faw, and alto to hear 
 thefe news, in what bad tearms all things flood at Kome^ ranup and down, here one, and there 
 another, into fundry parts of the camp>for to appeafe the tumult.When they went to work mild- 
 ly and oently, they had not a word of them again : but if any one laid his commandment upon 
 theth.and extended his authority, they would beard them and anfwer, That they were men, and 
 
 more
 
 The third B6o\^ of T. Li vius. 501 
 
 A more then that men in arms and fouldiers. Thus march they in order of battel toward che City, 
 and take the mount Aventme-, and there fettle themfelves. And as they encountred any, all their 
 fong was this, to exhort and encourage the Commons to recover cheir franchiles, and to create 
 Tribuns of the Commonalty. Not a word was heard eife, tending to any violence. U/);),«/ aflem- 
 bled the Senat together: where it was agreed, not to proceed by way of rigour in any cafe : tor 
 as much as they them'elves had given the oci.aiion of ledition. But three ancient perfonages, fu..h 
 as had been Confu!s,were fent Commiliioners in Embairage,as it were, Sp, Tarfei0>\ C.l Ims^znd 
 PublifisSHlpitiHs with commilTion; to demand of them in the name of the Senat, by whofecom- 
 mandmentthey had abandoned the camp, or what their intent was thus in war-like manner to 
 B keepthe Avertune: and why leaving to war with their enemies, they had thus invaded their na- 
 tive Country : They were not to feek of an anfwer, only there wanted a man to give the aniwer : 
 for as yet they were grown to no ertain head, upon w horn they might rely . and fmgly by them- 
 felves they diirft not incur the hatred and dangerous dilpleafure that might cnfue. This only the 
 multitude witu one voice aied aloud, to fend L. Valerim.. and Marcus Horatius unto them,for to 
 ihofe they would make a refolute anfwer. TheCommiflionersbemgdifmifl'ed? r/r^;;?/,'« putteth 
 the fouldiersinmind,andad.ercifeth them, how erewhileina matter not of the greatelf impor- 
 tance, they were infear and perplexity, becaufe the multitude was without an head : and how an 
 anfwer was returned, although not altogether unprofitable and befides thepurpofc,, yet agreed 
 upon at a venture, and not proceeding trom any publick counfel. But now his opinion was, that 
 Q there fliould betenchofen tobear foveraignrule: who forthe honour of warfare and Ibuldiery, 
 fliould be called military Tribuns.And when this dignity was to him offered fir(t,Nay(quoth he) 
 referve Bill thefe your good perfwahons and judgments of me, unto more happy days and favou- 
 rable times both to me and you. Forneitherdoth the remembrance ofmy daughter fuffer me to 
 take joy of any honour in this life, nor ('as the flate (landeth now troubled) is it good for you to 
 have them to be your MjgiHrates, who of all other are mofl: expofed to ill will and dipleafure, 
 and in neerell danger to be hardly thought of.If I may ferve you in any (lead, you may make bold, 
 and haveno lefs ufe ofme, remaining (till a private perfon. So they create Tribuns military, ten 
 in number. But all this while was thearmy as unquiec in the Sabins country. Foreven there alio, 
 by the inftigation of /<7//.-«.fand Numitorius^ the^ fouldiers fell away from theDecemvirs and de- 
 jj parted. For their minds were no lefs troubled and difquieted with the remembrance renued, of 
 the late murder of Sicc-hs^ thit kmdled and fet on fire by the frelli news of the death oi Virginia, 
 fo villanonfly . fo fhamelefly laid unto and challenged, and all to fatisfie the luft of another. Icili' 
 tu^ fo foon as he heard lay, that there were ten military Tribuns created m Aventinc^ fearin^left 
 the Election in the City lliould foilow the prerogative of the military Eleftion in the camp, as a 
 predecent to create the felt fame men Tribuns of the Commons, being a man well feen and expe- 
 rienced in thefe popular affairs, and reachinghimfelf at thefame dignity and promotionjwrought 
 fo with his adherents and ttiends, that before they went to the City , they fhould likewile eledt 
 the felflame number with equal authority. Who entred the City with banners difplayed, atthe 
 ^iicColiifia, and marched through themidlUhereofin warlike order, up to the Aventme. And 
 £ there joining and uniting themfelves unto the other army, theygave in charge tothe twenty mi- 
 litary Tribuns, to create out of their number twain for loveraign governors toruleall. So they 
 eleft ed Marcus Oppius-, and Sextus Manilius, 
 
 The Senators beingingreat care for the Common-weal, fat in Councel everyday: where 
 theyfpenttimeoftner in wrangling and j,irr:ng, then in iage advice and politick counfel. The 
 murdering of Siccius^ the wanton lufl and loofe life of Avpius, the fliameful dilgraces re.eived in 
 the wars, were laid in the Decemvirs difii. At length they concluded, that Valtrhts 3nd Horati- 
 us fhould go to the Ave-ttme. But they refufed and would not go, but upon condluOii uia£ the 
 Decemvirs would give up the Enfigns and Ornaments of that Magillracy and government,which 
 by right they fhould have forgon and departed from,a full year before.The Decemvirs were grie- 
 F ved and complained, thus 'cO be fet down 8c made no better then private men,andfaid flatly they 
 would not be depofed from their place of rule, before thofe laws were fully enacited and confirm- 
 ed, for which at fir(f time they were created. The Commons having intelligence by Ditill/us (who 
 had been a Tribunofthe Commons) that by reafon of continual debate ar.d contention in the 
 Senathoufe, there was nothing done and agreed upon, removed from the ^ot>;/-/w unto mount 
 Saecr, ¥ov Duillius ceifednot to fugged, and plainly affirm unto them, thatthe Senators and An- 
 cients oftheCity would never fadly think upon any care andprovifion to be made, until they 
 faw the City abandoned and defolate : moreover. That the mount 5^«r would put them in 
 mind ofchecondantrefolution of the Commons; and that they fliould well know, thatmat- 
 tcrs would never be fetled and brought to concord, without they redored unto them their pow- 
 Qer and authority again. So they take their way by TVow^wr^M^i f^.i, which at that timewasna" 
 medF/r»/if;3/7i, and encamped themlelves in the mountain i'/rcirr ; doing no harm to any creature 
 as they pafTed along: following therein the modedy oftheit forefathers. The whole Commonal- 
 ty tollowed after the hod : there w.i- not one who for age was able to travel on foot ihatdrew 
 b.'ck and tarried behind. Their children and wives bare themcompany in piteous wile moan- 
 ing the feues. and asking them: whereto they would leave them behind in that City, where 
 neithertheir honed chaditymighrbe guarded, noryet their liberty fecured and keptl'a'e. When 
 *i as now J by reafon of his uncouth and ttrange defoiation, all feemed at Rome vmAc and void, 
 
 K 3 and
 
 J02 ^J he tbirdBoot\ofTSAVi\jis, 
 
 and none to be feene in the publick place, befides a few of aged menrand when the Senators were H 
 called into the Senate houfe, the common place appeared empty, naked and forlorn; then there 
 Th mon- were more behdesf/fl>-^f««x and r<?/fn«/ that cried out andfaid.Whanookyou loraillmyLL.of 
 wrancrTot ' the Counrel ? What ? and if the Decemvirs will make no end of their peevifh frowardneis, will 
 ^^ailHsind ye let things ran at fix andfeven, until all come tumbling down, or be of a light fire ? And what 
 Vtltriu!, wiih o(jQ j[y dominion is this, that you embrace fo in your arms, that you clip and hold fo faft ? Will 
 others in che ° n^inJUej juHice and give laws to empty houfes and bare wails ? Are ye not abafhed and a- 
 ^'°Dccem¥Us '*• fliamed;thattherefiiould befeenin the Place,agreaternumber well neer of your Lidors and 
 ^ '^ offiers, then of gowned Citizens, and of all other men whatfoever ? How and if the enemies 
 
 "fhould come againlUhe City, what would ye do? Nay, what iffhortly the Commons fliould i 
 " mar.h in aims, feeing we weigh their infurredfion and departure fo lightly ? Will ye, together 
 '.' with the ruinand downfaloft'he City,endyour rule, and notafore ? Well,to be plain, yemuft 
 " either have no Commons at all, or elfe allow them to have their Tribuns again: there is no 
 " mean, there is no other remedy. Sooner fhall we want our MagiHrates of the Nobility, then 
 " they will be without their Patrons and Officers of the Commonalty, They wrung and wrefted 
 " from our forefathers that power and authority fire new, and whereof they had as then, no 
 ''proof and experience : how think ye then , that having tailed now ihefweetnefs of it, they 
 '■'■ willcndure the want thereof ? efpecially feeing, that we our own felves are not of (o tempe- 
 " rate carriage in our government and command over them, but that they have need of lomefuc- 
 *- cour and rdief. And when thefe and fuch like reafons were on all hands often alledged and laid K- 
 abroad,the Decemvirs overweighed with thegeneralconfent and unity of the houfe, promifed: 
 That feeing it was fo thought good, they would be wholly ordered and ruled bythe Senators. 
 This only they befought ac their hands, and admonifhed them of, by way of a provifo, that they , 
 would rake order for the fafety and fecurity of their pcrf ns : and not by fliedding their blood,to 
 flefli the Commons, and to train them up , and acquaint them w ith exercifing cruelty upon the no- 
 bles and Senators. Then were f^^/fy;;// and Homtius fenc with commiffion to reclaim and call 
 home the Commons, upon fuch conditions and capitulations, as they fhould think convenient: 
 •yea. andtofet all things in good order and make a finalcompofition,withafpeciaicharge to pro- 
 vide for the fafeguard of the Decemvirs, againll the raging ire and violenceof themultitude. 
 Thefe mediators took their journey,and were received into the camp with exceeding joy of the L 
 Commons, as being doubtlefs,their very faviours and redeemers, approved both in the beginning 
 of their troubles, and now alfo atthe very end and upfliotof all. In regard whereof, they were 
 welcomed with thanksgiving. /(r///«x was the mouth of the multitude,and their prolocutor.Who 
 when they came to debate and reafon about the articles ofcovenants,and that thefeDelegates and 
 The demands Committees, required of the Commons, What the demands and points were that they (food up- 
 ottheCom- on ? Being already provided aforehand of purpofe what to fay, clcmanded fuch conditions, as it 
 mons in mount ^jg ^gU {^Q,r\, that they repofed more hope, and relied themfelves rather in equity, and indiffe- 
 Sutt% rency, than inforce of arms.Forthey require, /w/r/wz/jto have the Tribuns power onfoot again, 
 
 and the appealinij unco the people revived : which before the creation of the Decemvirs had been 
 the only help and fuccour ofthe Commons Zrifw, that nomanlhouldbe called inqueftion, nor M 
 anyway touched in lite,limb, orgoods forgathering the fouldiers or Commons together byway 
 of commotion > for recovering again their liberties and tranchifes. Only, their demand concern- 
 in^ thepuniflimenttobe inflicfeciupontheDecemvirs,favouredofcruelty. For theydeemedit 
 meet and reafon, thjt they fliould be yeelded into their hands, and then they threatned to burn 
 The 'anrwer of them quick with fire. To thefe Articles the Committees fpake in this wife. " As for thofe capitu- 
 ydUriusind <' lations,which upon counfel and deliberate advice ye haveatticled, theyare fo reafonable and 
 Horsiiui to iht a indifferent, that without your fuit. they ought to have been offered unto you frankly and free- J 
 Cosncions. ^c . . j-^j. ^,^ requclf to enjoy fin h things as concern the defence of your liberty and freedom, and m 
 '' maintain not your licentioufref'^,to the offence and hurt of othcrs.But as to your ire and wrath, fl 
 "it is to be pardoned, rather then to be followed and yeelded unto: as who, under colour of^ 
 " hatred and dereUation ot cruelty.^ nn nei-dlonginto cruelty : and before, in a manner, that yebe 
 '' fet t.eeyour felves, ye will be Rulers and Lord'^ over your Adverfaries.Alas the while,and will jj 
 " our City never be at reft, end Lcafefrompunilning: but that either the Nobles wilHcourge the M 
 " Common> of Rome, or the Commons whip the Nobles? As for you. ye had more need of a fliield % 
 *'I wis then a fword.I lum'olcd he is enough and coo much humbled,who liveth in a City on even 
 " hand, and equal v\ith others, under the fame laws, nettherdoingnortaking wrong. And if e- 
 '' ver at any time you mean to flie w your felves dread and to be feared, when you have once re- 
 -covered your Magiilrate'! and Ordinances again, when ye have the law in your own hands,to 
 •-'cen'ureandjudgeaccordingto yourowndiftrction, then may ye give your doom ofourlives 
 '' and goods, as each caufe requireth. Now for this time it fuflficeth . that ye claim and have your q 
 '* freedom again. Hereupon they all fubmitted themi'elves to the deputed Delegare^ permitting 
 them to do what they would. Who feeing they had brought all matters to fo good a conduhon, 
 promifed to return with all fpeed. So they tooktheir leave. And when they had declared to the 
 Senators the demands of the Commons, all the reft of the Decemvirs, perceiving no mention at 
 all made of their punifliment (a thing more then they looked or hoped for)denied no ^ ne point 
 thereof. But Appim-, a man of a felland cruel nature, and who above all the other was moft odi- 
 ous, and lay open to the malice of the people, and meafuring the hatred of others toward him- 
 
 felf.
 
 The third Bool^ ofT,Li\ms. 1 03 
 
 ATelfjbyhis ownfpleen that he bareagaind oihermen: ^ I wot vvell(qiiothhe)vvhat ill fortune vvU 
 ••' betide me fliortly : and I fee plainly , that our adverfaries hold off to wrangle and contend with 
 " us no longerthenuntil theyhave weaponsgiven in theirhands. To fatishe this their malice 
 "and hatred, we mult part with our biood :nothingeire vvi.l content them. For mire own part 
 " torenouncemy Decern. irQiip I weigh not: neither pals I how foon Idoit. Then was an Aft 
 mjdeby the Senat, that the Detemvirs out of hand iliouldfurrender their place : and th.3t^F»- 
 riw the Ar^h-Billiop or High Prielt, fhould create Tribuns ot the Commons : provided aiways 
 exprelly, that the mutiny of thefouldiers,and infurre£tion of the Com mens, (l^ould turn no man 
 to dip.eafure and harm, ThefeAfts being paffed, and the Councelrifen, thii Dci^emvirs came a- Decemvirs fs.. 
 g-feroad 'nto the open place ofafl'emblies, and there to the exceeding joy of alimen. they refigned ''gr>"P their 
 up all tlieir power and authority. Tidings hereof werecarried to the commons by the mediators S""^"'™"-^* 
 alorefaid : and look what people foever remained behind in the City, went now torthto accom- 
 pany them. As this multitadepafled along forward, they were encountred upon the way .with an- 
 other joyful company from out of the camp. Who rejoyced mutually one in the behalf of the o- 
 ther, that both freedom and concord were reliored to the City again. Then the mediators in the 
 general aflemblyofthem all fpake and laid :" To the great good, happinefs and felicity of you and 
 ^' ot theC. W.beitfpoken,ReturninGods name into your own country, to yourhoufes, wives 
 "and children : but fee thatas ye have demeaned your felves modediy inyourvvay hitherjhur- 
 '' ting and fpoiling no mans lands and poffelTions, notwichllanding the need ye were driven unto 
 Q " of 10 many things : fo ye carry the fame moderation and Iby of your felves homeward into the 
 "City. Go into ih^Aventinekom whenceyecame : and there for good luck fake, where yelaici 
 "thefirli loundation &: ground-work ofyour liberty, create ye flial your Tribuns of the commons. 
 *' There, will the high Prielf be ready and give attendance, tocallanafleaibly forthe grand Ele- 
 " dion. Great was the accord, alacrity and cheerfulnefs. thatthey fhewed in approving all that 
 was propounded. Sotrom thence they turn their (tand.ffds and enligns, and as they mar, hed to : • 
 
 to i?»«;?> they flrove with ail they met on the way who could fhewmott joy and gladnefs: they If'^^unsofihe 
 pals on through the City armed as they were, yet pea^eabiy and without noife, until they came ,fjj a^\"^'' 
 into the .-Iveyftine. WhciC the chief Prielt immediately held the * Cowices-^n which they created • A general 
 for Tr.of the C. firlt and formoll L. ^/rf/;?/«j,next after him . L. lalnu^ and P. Numitorius Wndz affembly for 
 £) by the mothers (ide o{Vtrft;iui : all authors of their in;urrc6tion and departure : then C. Siciaipis ^'^'^j"" of 
 defcended from him in right line who vvas the firfl Trib. ot Comm. created in mount S.-'.cery (as ^^'B'^f^cs, . 
 we find in records) and M, Duilltus^ who before the chuling of Decemvirs, had right vvorthily 
 and notably born the Tribunlhip, and in all combats and commotions with the Decemvirs,ftuck 
 clofe to the Commonalty and never failed them. After thefe wereeleiled, more for hope then a- 
 ry former delert, Ad. Titiytms-, M, Pomfomus., C. Afro»ins, Af. "juLm-, C. Oppms. Then C Ici- 
 //«^ immediately in the very entrance into the Tribunfhip, preferred a bill unto the Commons, 
 and the Commons enaited it, That the departure and inl'urredion of the common people againft 
 the Decemvirs, fhould not be laid to any mans charge, nor bring him into irouble.Then wichouc 
 farther delay M.Dy.iIiitis weni through with an acf of his own^to vvit,Th2t there Qiou.d be Con- 
 £ fuls created, with refervation of liberty to appeal unto the peop'e. All thefe things pidedinthe 
 Comices of Commons, affembled in the meddovvs named FlamintA^ v/hith now they cal Circns 
 Flamiyiitn. 
 
 Then, by an Inter- regent were Confuls created, L. Valerius urA M.HoratittSj who prefently Confuls elefi'. 
 began their government. Whofe popular Conluiniip, as it was without wrong doing to the Se- cd again, 
 natorsand Nobles, fo it was notwithoutfome offencecommitted ofcheir part : For whatfoevec 
 was provided for the liberties of the Commons, they fuppofed it abriJged fomewhat of their 
 power and authority. And firft and formolt, whereas it was a queftion andcontroverHenot wejl 
 cleared in law.Whether the Nobles were boundto ftand to the Ails of the Commonstthey made 
 a law now inageneralSelTion.by the fiift'ragesof the Ccnturlesj That what ordmince foever the 
 F Commons (being parted by TribesJ had by their voices gr.mted, it fliould comprife and bind the 
 whole body ofthe people. By which law, the Tribuns ails were armed with a moft fliarp and 
 keen weapon to ftrike withal. Moreover, The other Con'ular law concerning Appeal, the only 
 fort and firength of liberty, which by the Decemvirs ablblute power h-id been overthrown, they 
 not only revive again, but alfofortifie the fame for the time to come, by making a rew law, for- 
 bidding cxprefly that no man fliould create any magiRrate abfoUueiy without the liberty of ap- 
 pealing: and whofoeverfliould creatany fuch, he might rightfully and l.iwfully be killed, and 
 that murdc-r fliould not be counted a capital crime. And when they had fufficicntlydrengtbned 
 the Commons, on the one fide with the benefit of appealing, and on the other fide with the Tri- 
 buns power:in favour ofthe Tribuns themfelves,that they alio might teem facrofanft and inviola- 
 G blefa thing now alinoR orown out oi remembrance) tiiey renewed that high privikdg, with cer- 
 tain Iblemn teremonies which havin'^ been of longtime laid alidejc neglefted, were now brought 
 up^igiin and put in ure.And they ordained them to be inviolate as wel in a reverent reizard frC' 
 ligion .md llrupleofconfcience.as alfo by a fpecial law in t hat beh alt provided : namely. thnr wbo- 
 foeverburt either Tribuns ofthe Commons jiEdiles Judges. or De emvirs.his her.d iTiouldbeac- "proferpina 
 curfed and devoted to Jupiter znd his family fold in port-fa le at the Church o'r.CeyesXibfr^* Li- [ecundim at, 
 ben. By vertue of this A£t, the great Expofitors ot the law deny that any man isafacrofanft or nob,& cic' 
 inviolable : but (fay they) it is ena.5led onlyjThat whofoever hurt any of them, fliallbe accurfed. 
 
 And
 
 jo| 1 he thirdBoo\ofTJJiVius. 
 
 And tberefore,an jEdile may be attached and led away to prifon by fuperior Magidrates.Whi^h H 
 although ir be not warranted by law (for he is hurt, who by this law OJghcnotiobeh'ut) yet it 
 is a good argument to prove, that an iEdile is not inviolable. Marry,as for the Tribnns they were 
 indeed by v ertne of an ancient oath of the Commons,at what time as they firlt created that pow- 
 er and anthonty,inviolable: as they would feem to expound and make tonftruflion of the law. 
 Others have been, that thus open and interpret the law? That in this felf fame Ad of HoratitiSy 
 > the Conf'ls alfo,yea5 and Pretors toojfbecaufethey are created by the fame ^ttfpicia or bird-hgns 
 that the Confuls be) were comprifed, and had the benefit thereof. For a Coniul is called by the 
 rameotaludg. But that expohtion is confuted, for that in thofe days it was not the manner to 
 tearm the Conful a ludge, but the Pretor only. And thus much concerning the Confular Laws. I 
 
 The fame Confuls alio brought up this order and cuflom, that all the Arts of the Senat fh ould 
 be brought into the Church offfr^i, and prefented unto the ^diles of the Comnions : which a- 
 foretime were fuppreffed and fmotheredjyea, and corrupted or perverted at the will and pleafure 
 of the Confuls. After all this, vl/. P«////w a Tribune of the Commons, propounded unto the 
 Commons a Law, and they let it pafs and granted it, That whofoever fhould leave the Commo- 
 nalty deflitute oftheir Tribuns,or create any Magiftrate abfolute without Appeal,fliould be fcour- 
 ged, and lofe his headfor it. Alkhefe Arts, as they paffed againlt the wills and minds of the No- 
 bles :fo they went clean without their contradirtion :forthat, all this while hitherto,there was 
 no rigour and feverity that feemed lo extend and rf ach to any one particular perfon among them. . 
 But afterwards, when as both the Tribuns power, andalfothe Commons freedom, were once K 
 well and furely grounded •• Then the Tribuns, fuppofing now it was full time, that they might 
 fafely and without peril give the onfetupon them, feverally one by one, made choice of K/r^/«/«^ 
 to be the firft accufer or plaintif, and yippiuj Claudipts the lirft defendant. And Virgimus had not fo 
 foon arreHed A-p^nu to anfwer at a day, and ^ppifu come down into the Common place, guar- 
 ded with acompany oftall young gentlemen of the Nobility: but prefently upon the light of him 
 and his guard about him, the remembrance of thatmolt cruel and deteltable tyranny was refrefh- 
 ed andrenued. Then V/rgiwus; "• Speeches (quoth he) and Orations were devifed fordoubtlul 
 yUgimus his t( caufes : and therefore will I neither fpend time in accufing him before yon, from whofe cruelty 
 accultation of ^^ ^^ ^^^^ ^^ ^^^^^ of arms delivered your felves: nor fufferthis wretch, over and befides his other 
 ^fP""* u vvicked pranks, to (hew in thedefenceof himfelf his audacious impudence. Therefore, as tou- L 
 
 " chin" all other lewd parts of thine and wicked defignments, O Appitis-) which thou haft for 
 " thefe°two years ungratioufly and impioufly enterprized and praitifed one on the neck of ano- 
 *'ther, I will do thee fome favour, and pardon thee : but for one crime only, unlefs thou canft 
 *'acquitthyfelfe the better, namely, that thou being the ludge, againft all orderof Law, didft 
 " not grant unto the party defendant, the benefit of liberty to go ac large, during the time of the 
 "fuitdepending,until{be might bringproofsofherfreedom ; forthis, Ifay, Icommandthee 
 " to prifon. Now had Afpias no hope at all, either in the Tribuns helping hand, or in the doom 
 and jud^'cment of the people. Howbeit he both called upon the Tribuns for fuccour: and alfo 
 feein" hfmfelf tugged and haled away by the officer, and no man to (ky his hand : I appeal (quoth 
 bej unto the people. This one word in maintenance oftreedom .being heard to come out of that M 
 mouth, that lately had given fentence on his fide that impeached the freedom of one, and challen- 
 ged the party for bond,caufed lilence. And when every man to himfelf fecretly muttered in this 
 wife: ■' I fee well (when all isdone) there are Gods in Heaven, and fuch Gods as negleft not 
 " the affairs of mortal men. Pride and cruelty(although it be long firflj at length will furely have 
 " a fall, and throughly be punifhed. Lo, how he is now fain to appeal, who aforetime abolifhed 
 " andtookaway all appeal: he humbly craveth relief of the people, who heretofore trod under 
 " foot all rights and franchifes of the people: and fee how he is carried to prifon, deRitute and de- 
 *'prived of the benefit of liberty, who a warded, and adjudged a free body to bandage andlervi- 
 " tude. Amidlf thefe words,! fay,that might be overheard in that confufed humming of theaffem- 
 bly, y^pp.'«; alfo was perceived to call unto the people of /Jowe for relief and mercy. HereckonedN 
 "•up withal, the deferts ofhis anceHors in thebehalfoftheC.W. both at home in the City, and 
 ^ppiws moveth cc abroad in the wars : he alledged his own unhappy affedion (when time was) to the Commo- 
 thc people in ,: ^^^j^.^ ^ffy^^^^ jud partaking with them : and namely how with the exceeding difpleafure of the 
 hisownbehJ . ^^ jyiobi^jty-he refigned up his Conlulfhip,andall for to bring in and edablifli equal and indifferent 
 " laws to both parties. He rehearfed moreover his own laws.whichnotwithllanding they remai- 
 "ned llil in forre and ftrengih,he, the law-giver himfelf, was going to prifon. But concerning his 
 " own proper parts and deferts good or bad, he would then make trial thereof (he faid)when he 
 "fliou!d be permitted judicially tomakehis defence:as for the prefenttime,he pleaded the com- 
 "mon benefit oftheCity.to wit, that being a Citizen, he might at the appointed d^^y, fpeakfor 
 " himfelt &: ftand to the doom of the peoplc:neitherfeared he the hatred & malice of men lb much q 
 " as to repofe no hope at all in the equity and mercy of his ne'ghbors snd fellow Citizens. But and 
 '' ifhewerecaft into prifon and notfuffered to comeunto his anfwer, then he would once ?gain 
 " call upon the Tribuns oftheCommons for theirhelp, andadmonifli them, not to follow and 
 *' imitHC them,whom they would feem to hate.And in cafe the TriS"ns wiil be known and avov/ 
 " that they are linked in the fame bond and covenantto abolifh and takeaway the ' enefit oFcal- 
 " ling unto anyone ofthemby way ofmediationf againft which they have charged & blamed the 
 " Decemvirs for complotting Sc agreeing together)then he faid,ihat he appealed unto the people, 
 
 and
 
 The third Boo^ of T. Li vius. io< 
 
 A" and had recourfe for fuccour unco chelaws concerning appeal, made as well by Confulsas Tri- 
 " bunes, that prefent year and no longerago. For who mjy ever hereatter (quoth ne) havebene- 
 " fic'ol:" appeal, it it be not lawfulforme, who Rand ye: not condemned, noraicainted, and have 
 " not pleaded formy fof ? what Commoner, what mean perlon may hnd relict by thole laws, if 
 *' yi ppiftsC/Md: us miynoi? Ic wiLbeieeninmcandmycxampiefhall beapre.edentand proof 
 *'to others, Whether by thefenew llatutes,lordiy riiie or equal liberty be eitablilLed : whether 
 *'che calling for help by way ofmediation& inter. elfionjOi by plain appealing againit th.; wrong- 
 " ful proceedings of Magiltrates, be granted in very deed, or but onely pretended in bare fliew, 
 " under vain colourable pretences and toolifli Letters Patents, Againit all this, ^^t^/«///j maaehis 
 B rejoinder and laid. That Afpius was the man alone exempt tut of al' beiiifit of laws, and exclu- 
 ded from all civil and humane fociety. " Let men but look back toward the tribunal feat, the ve- The repHcatU 
 *'ry well-head, as It were, and receptacle, the fortrefs and holdofall wickednefs: whereon that ""^'^-fw': 
 " perpetual Decemvir pradtifing his cruelty upon the goods, the bodies and lives of free citizen?, "^"P'^^-^i'f'" 
 " menacing whipping and executing hangmans work unto all perfons ; a contemner both of God 
 " and man, guarded with a crue of executioners and butcherly tormentorsratherthcn Scrte-tnts, 
 " proceeding on from fpoil andbloodn-iedtolet hisharconleachery&carnallull,plucl,edar,iaid 
 '• by birth free, from out of the very arms of her lather, as if Ihe had been taken captive in war; 
 *' and that, in the light of the people of /Jawre, and gave her away to one of his followers,, even to a 
 "groom of his bed-chamber. Where, by a cruel decreeot his, and deteflablefentenie adjudging 
 C" her bond, he caufed the lather to lay violent hands upon his own daughter; where he comman- 
 " ded, the efpouled Husband and Uncle of the Virgin(that took up her body halfde,id)to be had 
 *' away to the Gaol, as being more diipleafed with them, for difappointing and putting him be- 
 '' fide his purpole ofabuling and fpoiling her, then for the murder upon her by them committed. 
 " Adding moreover and beiides,Thathe had built a prifon, which he ufedto tearm,Theh3bitati- 
 " on and dwelling houfe of the Commons o\ Rome. And therefore, pleadhe ever and anon, and 
 " as oft as he wil, his appeal, I will not give over ((\noi\vVtrfi>ints) but as oft tender a judg be- 
 *<tvveen, and be able to prove, that he gave not fentence, and pronounced her free, but bond.* 
 "but in cafe he wil not abide to^ be cenfured by a competent judgjChen I command him to be car- . . , 
 
 " ried to prifon, as attaint and convided. Thus was he committed to ward: and as there irufted to'prl.* 
 J) "was nonemiiliked of this proceeding,fo every man was greatly troubled in fpiritjto fee fo great fon: 
 " a perfonage puniOied, and the very Commons thmfelves thought their liberty toolaroeSc ex- 
 " ceifive.The Tribun let him?down a day (before hand) to plead forhimfeiland make his anfwer. 
 Amid thefe aft'airs, there came to Rome Embafladors from the Latins and Hernicks, to con- 
 gratulate, and to fliew their joy and great contentment, for the unity and concord between the 
 Nobles and the Commons: in token wereof, they brought as a prefent unto J;//). Opt. Max, a 
 crown of gold, not very maflie in weight, but according to their ability, which ^as not much, yec 
 anfwerable to their devotion: which men performed rather with religion and zeal inthofe 
 days, than in portly (hew and magnificence. By relation and intelligence from them they were 
 certified alio that the i£quians and Volfcians prepared war with all the pov/erthey could make. 
 £ Whereupon, the Confuls were commanded to part their provinces between them. To H or at ins 
 befel the Sabins, and to Kderius the ,£quians and Volfcians. And when they had proclamed mu- 
 fters againft thefe wars, fuch was the forward affe(3:ion and favour of the Commons,that not on- 
 ly the younger tolk, but alfo a great fort of thefe that by law weredlfpenfed with, and difcharged 
 from wartare, and lived of theirpenfions, offered their voluntary fcrv ice, and were ready to enter 
 their names into ihemulkr-Malfers book : whereby the army was not only in number greater, 
 but alfo tor the goodnels of men, more puiffant, as having theold, beaten, and experienced foul- 
 diers among them. But before they went out of the City, theDecemviral laws (which now are 
 known by the name of the twelve Tables,) they fet up openly to be I'een, engtavenin brafs. 
 Some writers have delivered, that the jEdiles peiformed this office, as they had it in char?e The Laws cal- 
 F from the Tribunes. C. Cl.iadms^who upon adeteffation and deep hatred of the Decemvirs levvd ''d 'he twelve 
 and wickedenormities, but efpccially above all others, of the infolent pride of his brothers fon, ^*''l"- 
 which he could no longer abide, had removed and departed to ^ff/7/«.f, his old native country. 
 He being now a very aged man> returned to fue and intrcat for his deliverance out ot danger , 
 whole vices he abhorred : and in fullicd weed and poor array, accompanied with thofe ot his 
 linage, and other his followers and vaflals, went through the common place, and laboured 
 every man one by one, " Befeechingthem not to fee that brand of ignominy , and bring fuch a 
 '' (fain upon the houfe and name ofthe ClandH, as that they fhould be thought worthy of impri- ^' <;W'« his 
 *'fonmentand irons: nor fuffera manofmoft honourable quality, a lingular pattern ofNobili- bebair /" ''"'^ 
 " ty tohis poftericyin timetocome, theLaw-maker andfounderof theRomanlaws, toHein cUhcHus ^'" 
 G'^ chains amonqfdions, night-theeves and robber"; by the high vvay fide: but to turn away their 
 " minds a whiie from anger and wrath, and encline to a due regard and conlideration of matter?: 
 ''and rather at thefiiir and earned petitions offo many ofthe C/^W;?, to forgive them onem.^n, 
 *' than forthe hatred ot'on^man torejeft the prayers of fo many fuppliantg.' As for himfelf, 
 "heprotelfed that he did thus much for kind red and names fake. Neither was he reconciled nn- 
 " to him and they made triend.s again: yecould he vvifl^, that his ?dverfe fortune and poor con- 
 "■ dition were relieved. Concluding with this in the end, that as their liberty was recovered again, 
 by vertue & prowefs;fo the concoi cl of all degrees 8c ethtes might be elUblilhed fure by clemency. 
 
 Some
 
 1 he third BooJ\ofTXAVms, 
 
 Some there were whom hemoved,more in regard ofhis own kindnels and love,cheninany re- H 
 fpedl: of him for whom he fpake. But rir^i^ias prayed them, '" To cake pity and i oropaflion ra- 
 •■<• thcr. of him and his daughter, and to give ear to the prayers and kipplications , nor ot the Clm~ 
 " da, who ha\e had the day, and tyrannized over the Commons biitto theneerelt triendsofKr- 
 '• ^ima-> the three Tribunes, who being created for the aid and fuccour of the Commons, do now 
 '• chem.felves implore and befeech the helpand aflitknce ofthe Commons, And verily ihti'e tears 
 Mpflus "clkth ^^^g thorgbt mure reafQnable,and like to fpeed.Thns when Jpptus fa w all means of hope cnc off, 
 hiiiilel . before thelforelaid day appointed was come, killed his ov\n i'elf.' Soon after this, Sp, Oppins-,vfho 
 
 of all the reft next unto yipp'ms, was moit hated : for that he was in the City at the very time 
 when this unjuft doom and fentence of his Colleague hapned to be pronounced, was attached by i 
 P. Nuntiiorius. But Ofpms was the worle thought of and more prejudiced, by occafion of an in- 
 jury by himfelfdone, then for not liopping the wrong intended by ApptusioFngtma.Yot zf^K- 
 nefl'c was produced to depofe againli him. one, who having ferved in the wars feven and twenty 
 years, had been rewarded and honoured extraordinarily eight times. This valiant fervitor, thus 
 adorned with thole gifts and marks of valour, in the view and fight ofthe people of AVwf rent bis 
 garments, and lliewed hisbackand fides, and the skin all broken with fcourging : befeechingno 
 other favour, but if Opp.wtheparty accufed, could julfly charge him with any trefpafs and of- 
 fence by him committed, he fliould not fpare him, but now a private perfon as he was, exercife 
 Ofp'm diethin atid redouble his cruelty upon him once again.Well, 0;);)/«/ likewife was had toprifon: and there 
 prifon. before the law day, ended his life. The goods oi jippms&ndOppmshoth-, theTribunsdid confif- K 
 
 cate. Their com-partners and fellow Decemvirs fled their country and were banilLed, andall 
 iheir^oods alfo wereforrei[& conhlcat.And not fo much as M,CUiidtus;ihG party that laid claim 
 untor;r?/»/<iefcaped,buthe was arrelled to anfwer at a certain day, and was condemned. How- 
 beit Firf/w/Wof himfelf relealed him his life,and would not take the extremity ,lo he was fent away 
 and confined to 7y/p/;r,2s it were into banifhment.Thus the poor ipirit and ghoit ot Firq^ima more 
 happy after herdeaih, then lortunate during her life, having wandered abroad, and haunted fo 
 many houfes for due revenge of beradverlaries :atlaft, when there was not one guilty perfon of 
 them left unpunifhed, gave over her walking, and refted quiet. 
 
 Now were the nobles in exceeding fear,beholding the fame countenance already in theTribuns> 
 which they had obferved in the Decemvirs. Burthen^. £)W//«^, a Tribune of the Commons, L 
 wifely and politickiy reftraining and keeping within a mean thisexceffive power of theirs: '" We 
 " have enoic-h 'quoth he) both ot our own liberty, and alfo of revenge of our enemies : and ther- 
 " fore 1 will not fuffer for this year, any man more to be arrefted or imprilbned. For I do not like 
 " that oldfaults done and pait, and now as it were cancelled and rafed out, fhould be revived a- 
 '• oain,and brought in quttiion, iince that by the punifhmenc ofthe Decemvirs, fatisfaftion hath 
 *' been made for the nevv:and the continual care and diligence of the Confuls both twain,forthe 
 *' maintenmce of your freedom affurech me, that nothing will he committed hereafter, that may 
 «' requirt- mdneed the power of ttie Tribunes. This moderation at the firft hand ofthe Tribun, 
 put the Nob.es out of their fear : but made the Confuls to be thought the vvorfeof,(for that they 
 hadbeenfoaddiitedjwhoily to ihecoir.monalty)inthataMagi(lrate ofthe Common'; had more M 
 rcard of the ;afety and liberty ofthe Nobles, than the proper Magiflrate oftheNobilicy : and 
 becaufeche adverfe part had their tul of revenge and punifhment ofthe Nobles, before it did ap- 
 pear that the Conluls would on^eieemtoflopthecourfeand ftream of their licentioufnels. And 
 many there were who gave it out, that the Conluls barethemfelvs tooremifs and flack in the 
 matter, and little refpededche good and credit ofthe Nobles, in that they had approved & con- jj 
 firmed the Afi:s that were propofed by the Tribuns. And no queftion, troubled as the ftatc was 
 then ofthe C. W. they were forced to give place, and do according to the neceffity ofthe time. 
 When the Confuls had fet all things in good order within the City, and furely grounded the 
 ftate ofthe Commonalty, they wenteither of them into their own Province, ^^/fn^^ againftthe 
 armies of the jfiquians and Vollcians.vvhich now had joined together in ^{ridum-whetQ ful po- N 
 liticklyhe held off, and flood upon his defence only: for if out of hand he had put it to the hazard 
 of a battel,! cannot tell, but I greatly doubtf'coniidering how the hearts of Romans and enemies 
 bothjwere affeiled prefcntly upon the unforcunat conduft otthe Decemvirs)it would haveturn- 
 ed to their great lofs. and coft them an overthrow. He therfore having encamped a mile off from 
 the enemies, kept his fouldiers within thecamp. The enemies ranged in battel array, took up the 
 wholegound between both camps, & when they made bravado's, and challenged them to tome ' 
 forth and fight, not one Roman would anfwer them again. At length the Volllians and £quians, 
 weary with long 'landing Mill., and in vain expeiVmg b.attel,thinkingverily-that the honor was in 
 manner yeelJcd unto them- departed : fome into the country ofthe Hernicks, other fome to the 
 territories of the Latins, for to raife booties and make fpoil : leaving behind them rather a com- q 
 petent guard for defence of thecamp, then a fufficienc power to maintain a field nght. Which 
 when the Conful perceived, hep.iid them agsin with the like meafuie of ^ear, ast'iey before h;id 
 from them received ; and with his army ready embattelled, bids rhem bntel: whoheinaprivy 
 to themfclves what forces were wanting, forbare to fight;whereupon iheRomans pre^e-itly took 
 abetter heart unto rhem, and made account that their enemies vvere overcome, beinsinfucha 
 fear within their rampart. When they had (food thus a who e day ready to fight, thcv retired 
 back in the evening and gave place to the night. And the Romans full of good hope, refrefbed 
 
 their
 
 The third Boo^ of T. Li vius. 107 
 
 A their bodies and made much otthemfeives , but the enemies nothing lb hearty and couragious^ 
 lend out meflengers every way in tearful halt, to call again theforrjger.^ Such as were near at 
 hand came running back into the camp: thole that were farther off, touid not be found nor met 
 withal: Now when it was once day light, the Romans iflne forth of the camp.intcnding tooive 
 an affault upon the Rampier, unlefs they would come forth and fight. But when it was far forth 
 day and the enemies Hirred not.u ail the Ccnl'ul commanded to advance with their enligns.The 
 Aquians and Voifaans feeing tUeirbattell coming forward, began to chafe and take foul difdain, 
 for very fliame that their rarri pier and tren.h lliould prote^H vidforious armies within ths 
 camp,rather than their weapon;; and vaiour defend tliem in plain and open field: and wereearncll 
 15 likewife themlelves with their Cjcnerals for the fignal of battel!, and at length after much impor- 
 tunity obteined it. Now werefomeof them f..l.ied out at tne gates already: and others follow- 
 ed hard after at their heels, keeping (heir array, and every man coming orderly into his hie and 
 rank. By whi^h time, the Roman Cofl. before the battel of the enemies flood furely furnid-ied 
 with their full Hrength, came on (lillandgavetheonfet: charged them before they wereallcome 
 forth, yea-, and erethey were well maifhalled that came abroad, being a multitude, waving (as it 
 were) to and fro every way tor fear, andjookingabout themlelves, and to their fellows : and to 
 amuze their troubled heads the more, he affails them with a great fliout and main violence. At 
 firli the enemies gave back : but after they had gathered their ipirits together, and were come a- 
 gain to themfelves, and that their Captains on every iide rated them , and asked them whether 
 Cthey would yeeld unto them, whom before they had overcome, the fight began again tobere- 
 nued, *' The Conful on the other part, willed the Romans to remember, that this was the firfi; 
 '' day, wherein they being newly fet free, were to fight likewife for the freed City oiRomc : and ^'"^ ^ration 
 *' therefore they were to win a victory for themfelves, and not after \ iftory gotten, to be a prize ConG.'rco h's' 
 "for any more Decemvirs to prey upon. For they foughcnotnow nnderthecondudtand tian- fouldiers. 
 **dard oi Apfm-, but of the Conful Valerius : who as he was defcended from the deliverers of 
 *' the people of /J«)»-;^ Jo he was one ofthemhimfelf: exhorting them to fliew now, that infor- 
 *' mer battels of late dayesjit was long of the leaders and not of the fouidiers. that they atchieved 
 *' novittories : faying, it were a foul fhame for them, to have had more ftomack agjinfl: their 
 " own neighbours and citizens, than heart againft their enemies ; and to have flood more in fear 
 jj" of fervitudeac home, than of bondage abroad. As for ^/r^/w/^jjfhe vvasbutone,whofehonefty 
 " and chaliity was in time of peace hazarded : and Apfim it was only, and none but he, that in 
 *' regard of his unbridled and difl'olute lull, was the dangerous citizen. But if the fortune of war 
 " fliouid fail on our fide, andgoagainftus, then fhall our children all be in jeopardy, to beabu- 
 ' " led and fpoiled at the hands of many thoufands of enemies. Unwilling I am (quoth he) to 
 "prefage f'udi mil'eries and to prognolficateto the City thofe calamities, which both Inpiter 
 '• and our flock-father Mars-, forbid and hinder to light upon it, founded upon lb lucky f gns and 
 " happy foretokens, at the firfl beginning : I put you in mind rather of the Avonine Hill, and 
 '• Mount Sacer : that where within thelefew months you recovered your freedom, thither ye 
 "may carry backagainyour Empire, lafe and found, unifeined and unfoiled: that all the World 
 -£ 'may fee that Roman tbuldiers are as forward and nobly minded after the banifliing ot theDe- 
 '' cemvirs, as they were before their creation : and that by the bringing in of equal and inditfe- 
 " rent Laws, the manhood andprowefs of the people of ^owf, is no whit decayed nor dimi- 
 " nifhed. Having uttered thefe words among the enf gns of the footmen, he made fpeed to thq 
 '' cornets of the Horiemen. Go to, brave gallants (quoth he) excel the footmen in valour and 
 *• and chua'ry, like as ye exceed them in honor and degree. At the very firft fliock and en- 
 ''• counter, the footmen forced the enemy to retreat : and being now retired to your hand, I'ec 
 " fpurs to, gallop after them apace, and chafe them out of the plain field : they will never abide 
 '' your violent charge : for even already they are at a bay, and (land rather at a flay, than make 
 ' any refiftance. Hereupon they gird outluftily, and run their horles among the enemies, dif- 
 F ordered already, and in difarray by the fervice of the footmen. And having broken through their 
 ranks, and paflcd forth even to the rereward : certain of them call about in the void and open 
 ground, and when the enemies were about on all fides to fly they turned moft of them away from.- 
 their camp, and overriding them, they got between them and home, and feared them wholly 
 from thence. The footmen and the Conful himfelf, with die whole Ihength ofthemainbattell, 
 made forward to the camp, affailed the tents, won them, and bel.des a great lla tighter, obtained a 
 booty far greattr, ■ 
 
 When news ofthis battel wasbrought,not onlyintothe CIty,butalfo to the other army into 
 tie Sabins country , it was received in the City with joyonlyand folemnity : butinthecamp 
 it fet the fouidiers hearts on edge, and enkindled them to drive for the like honor and renown. 
 G Now had Hor.itms alrejdy partly by fending his fouidiers forth,tomake incurfions and outrodes: 
 and partlyby training and proving them in light skirmi flies, enured and acquainted them to tmft 
 to themfelves.and have confidence intheirowngood fervice,ratherthantorememberthe fliame- 
 full difgrace andfoihreceived under the leading of theDecem\irs. And even thofe fmill b'ckerings 
 had done them much good already agjinfl they flmuld ventureuponalet field, and heartned them 
 in affured hop? to win the vidory. The Sabins again for their parr, (*•'! Hifly upon their ^ood fuc- 
 cef'; the year before . ceafed not to provoke and urge their enemies : very oft asking the.ri 
 what they meant after the guile of robbers, to run in and out in fmall companies, lo to trifle out 
 
 the
 
 io8 1 be third BGo\of TXAvms, 
 
 the time, and thus by peece meal to make oF one entire battel many petty and fmall skirmiflies ? H 
 Whyratherfoughtthty nocone field for all, and without more ado^hazzard all upon a cali^gnd 
 commit the whole to the trial of fortune, to fee unto what fide flie will incline. Then the Ro- 
 mans befides that otthemfehes they had gathered heart and courage enough, were with thein- 
 di'^nity of this challenge alio leton fire :confidering, that when the other army was at the point 
 now, with viilory to returninto the Cii;y,their enemies began to infult and crow over them with 
 reproachful tea rms; and if new they were not meet and even with them, when fliouldthey e- 
 ver be able to make their parts good ? So foon as the Conful perceived the fouldiers thus tomuc- 
 • / [le ^^^ ^"'^ mumble within the camp. he aflembled them all together, and thus hefpake: "Sirs(quoth 
 CoiAfuTto his " be) what fuccefs hath been, and how the fervice hath fped in Al^iditm^ 1 fuppofc you have al- I 
 louldicrs. ' '■ ready heard, nam.e'.y, fuch as befeemed the army of afreeftate and people. By the policy of my 
 '' fellow Conful, and the manhood of his fouldiers together, atchieved is the vidory. As for my 
 "felf, that courfe will I take, and that refolute mind will I carry, which you my fouldiers fli all 
 " afford unto me. The war may be drawn out in length profitab'y : it may be alio difpatched and 
 " ended fpeedily: If protraded it fliallbe, look how I havebegun already to train you, with the 
 " fame dif.iplinefiil I wil exercile youjsnd bring to pafsjthat your hope and prowels may encreafe 
 " every day more then other. If your hearts now ferve y ou wel, and that you like to fight it out, 
 *' Go on in the name of God, and in token of your willing heart and.valorous prowefs, now let 
 •'up fuch a cry and fliout.asyou wil make when you firli join battel, and give the charge. After 
 that they had with exceeding checrtulnefs fhonted aloud: Godblefs usallCquoth he) I wilful- K 
 fil your dehre, and bring you forth to morrow into the field for to fight. So the reft of that day 
 wasbertowedinmakingtheirharnefs and weapons ready. When the morrow wascome, the 
 Cabins lb foon as they perceived the Romans ranged is battel array, came forth alfo themfelves, 
 as ready and defirbus of fight, as they. Here was a battel llruckjfuch as might befeem two armies, 
 that trulfed on borh fides in their own valour, and made ful account of that days honour. 1 he 
 oneeager and greedy to recover their ancient glory, wonted evermore to have the upper hand, 
 the other proudly bearing themfelves. upon anew viftory lately atchieved. The Sabins behdes, 
 mended their Hrengch wel with a ftratagem,for when tney had equally divided their battalions 
 every wavi they relervcd two thoufand drawn out of thereif, extraordinary without the ranks 
 apart. Whointbe very time of the ccnfliiSt fliould hotly charge the left point of the Romans: L 
 they advancing overthvvart with their enfigns, & flanking them on theonefide, prelledfhrewdly 
 upon thacone point, and overcharged it. wel neer environed aliabout.Thenthehorfemenoftwo 
 Icoions 6oo.a!mo(i in number, alight on foot from their horfebacks and as their fellows were 
 eve6 now ready to retreat, rufh forward with a Ifpeed to the forefront: and withal; made head 
 againlf the enemy. And firft. they put life unto them again, tor that they entred equally with the 
 footmen into danger and bare even part thereof : pfterwards, for very fliame, they gave more 
 boldnef'i and animated them tofifht. For abaflied they were, that horlemen fhould be put to 
 double fervice in both kinds of fight, on horfe and on foot : and profeffed footmen not able to 
 countervail the horfemen, who had taken them to their feet. So they advance forward to the 
 battel, which on their pirt was abandoned, and make hafle to recover the ground which they M 
 had lof^. And in a trice, at one inlf ant n-t only the fight wasrenued, but alfo a battalion of the 
 Sabins began to flirink. The horfemen cloiely among the ranks and files of the footmen, gat again 
 to their horfes,and from thence rod fpeedily unto the other fide reporting to their fellow's the vi- 
 6lory: and withal, fharply charged rhe enemies, who now were affrighted; be^ aufe the fironger 
 wing of their fide was difcomfited : neither were there any in this battel alfo, that were feen to 
 perform better fervice then they The Con'iil as an overfeer, beheld al! the manner of it, praifing 
 thofethat (food to it manfully, and rebuking where they fought but faintly. They were notfo 
 foon chaff ifed and reproved but prefently they bare themfelves like hardy men, and did right 
 good fervice: and look how mu,h thatpraife e.x.Ited fome,fomui.h fliame ftirred upothers.Then 
 withafrefli fhout nnd outcry, they bent their whole for eon all fides, and compelled the ene- N 
 mies to turn their backs : who were not able after thi.^, to abide the violence of the Romans.The 
 Sabins fcattered here and there all over the fields, left their rents fora fpoilto theirenemies: 
 where the Romans recovered again not rhe goods of their Allies as before in Alg'dHm.JOXit their 
 very own, which thev had loft by the forrac.ing and fpoiling of their lands. 
 
 For this two-to'.dvi£fory atchieved in two tundryb.utels, the Senat right fparingly ^fuchwas 
 their mifery) decreed in the name and behal'" of the Confuls, one days thankfgiving and proceflt- 
 rn, and no more. But the people, the fecond diylikewife without order and warrant from au- 
 thoriry folcmnizcd the fame in great numbers. Aid thi« popular proceffion, diforderly as it was, 
 and withoutformaiity, was with more good will and better affei^ion of men celebrated, then the 
 other. The Con'uls of fetpurpofe (asit was agreed afore) came within the compafs of thofetwo Q 
 daysinto theCity:and fummoned the Senat to affemblein yJ/^-^/field: where, asthey werea- 
 boutromakefome fpeech of their exploits and worthy afts,the chief and principal Lords of the 
 Senat, complained and fliewed themfelves grieved, that the*^enat was aflembled on purpofe, a- 
 mong the fouldiers, to flrike a terror into them. Whereupon the Confuls, becaufe they would 
 give no occalion of quarrel and fault-finding, called away the Senat from thence into Pratn Flami- 
 nia, where now the Temp'e of yf^fl/Zoflands, a place which even then they called Circus spoilt- 
 »<ir«:wher they being denied triumph with one voice and general confent of the nobles, I/./dZ/asr 
 
 A Tribun
 
 The third Boo{ofT. LiviuSo 
 
 A a Tribun of the Commons,propoimded unto the people,co know what they thought of theCon- 
 I'uls trlumph.And amongmany that Ikpped totth to crofs and diflwade the b\\i-,C.Ciar;diit4 above 
 all others cried out aloud .that the Coff. intended to triumph over the Nobles.and not over their 
 enemies: and that they I'oughta th.inkby wjyofrecompence fora private favour done to the 
 Tribun, and not for an honorable reward, for any vertue and worthy ad. For never (quoth he^ 
 aforetime, was there held any treaty of triumph before the people: but evermore it was referred 
 to the Senate, to conhder and determine of that honor. Neither had theKingsat any time, im- 
 paired the Majefty of that higheH Court and degree : what fhould the Tribuns then meddie fo 
 much , and have their hand in all matters by vertue of their authority , as to fufFer no publick 
 3 counfel at all to remain in force?For a City can never be counted free nor Laws equal and inditfe- 
 rent, bnt when each degree and eftateretainethlHU their own priviledge, and hold theirproper 
 pre-eminen:e. When the reft ol the principal Senators had fpoken much to the fame effeft^allthe 
 Tribes notwithltanding in general, allowed by their fuftxciges that which the Tribun had pro- 
 pounded. This was the Rn\ time that ever any triumph was granted by the voyces of the people, 
 without the authority and aflenc of the Senators. But this vidory of the Tribuns and the com- 
 monalty-had like to have turned to a dangerous furfeit of licentious liberty:by reafonihat the Tri- 
 buns confpired together and were fully agreed, to be cholen Tribuns again : and to the end that 
 their own ambition fliould be lefs feen above others, they alledged to the Cofl'. for a fufficient rea- 
 fon (that they likewife fliould continue If ill in place of government^ the agreement and confent of 
 Q the Senators : through whofe holding together and drawing in one line the liberties ot the Com- 
 mons, to the great difgrace and reproach of the Gonfuls, were infringed and indammaged. For 
 what would come of it , fay they, if before the late Laws were fully eftablifliedthe (new) ConUils 
 with their failious banding, fhould fet upon the new Tribuns : for we mult not look to have ai- 
 wayes fuch as the Horatij and Valtrij. to be Confuls, men that would not regard their own weal 
 before the freedom of the commonalty. As it hapned very well for that time, it fell to A^.DHtlHtis 
 his lot erpecially,to be chief Prefident of the Cornices and Eleftion : who like a prudent and wife 
 man, forfeeing the heart-burning and hatred, like prefently to enfue, upon the continuance of the 
 fame Magirtrates ftill in place,faid flatly, that of the old Tribuns he would not propound any one : 
 and when his brethren in office laboured earneftly with him, to permit the Tribes to go to a free 
 D fcrutiny orelleyeeld up the charge to him allotted, of holding the affeniblyjUnto his brethren, who 
 would keep thefame and manage the matter, according to Law rather than to the will and plea- 
 fure of the Nobles : D»; to; then. feeing their earneft contention, caufed the Confuls to be called 
 into their own pues and feats, and demanded their minds concerning the Eledion of the Confuls: 
 and when they anfwered that they would create new, he having once got them to be the authors 
 of apopular fentence, and not popular themfelves, went forth together with them into the aflera- 
 bly of the people. Now when the Confuls w?re brought oucinto their prefence, and were asked 
 the quertion what they would do,in cafe the people of iJowefhouldelett them Confuls the fe.ond 
 time,and that , in remembrance of their liberty received and recovered by their means, and foe 
 their good fervice in war, and worthy afts by them performed : he finding them conftant in the 
 E fame mind ftill, and nothing altered from their refolution: after he had commended the Confuls, 
 for their fteadfaftperfeverance unto thelaft fas altogether unlike to the Decemvirs) went pre- 
 fently to thenewEledion. And when he had created five Tribuns only, feeing there were noto- 
 thercompetitours enough to reach unto fufficient voyces of the Tribes, in comparifon oftheo- 
 ther nine Tribuns his coUeagues.who openly flood to be chofen a^ain : he brake up the affembly, 
 and from that time forward called no more about any Ele6tion.Forhefaid,That he had fulfilled 
 the Law in that behalf which without fettingdown any precife and definite number of Tribuns, 
 fo that there were fome left behind, and rooms void, gave authority to thofe that were created, 
 to chufe and take unto them more coIleagues,to make up the number. And therewith he recited 
 the words of the Law, which run inthisform. IflihallfrofoH-^dtenTribayis of the Commons toh". 
 Y created-, and they (^O.ill that frcfeM day mak^fcrver thanten : they hy vertue of this Larv, foallheac~ 
 counted Tribuns-, whom thofe eleBedfhallcah^e and take unto them for t heir fellows., a-^d as larvful (haH 
 they be held, Oi thofe whom this day yejhall ere Ate Tribuyis of the Commons. Thus when DiuUiiu per- 
 fifted ftill refolute unto the end, faying, That in any cafe the ftate might bear five and twenty 
 Tribuns, and having thus conquered the greedy ambition of his colleagues : with great favor and 
 the good likingas well of the Nobility as the Commonalty, he gave up his room. The new Tri- 
 buns now in the eleding and making choife of their companions, curried favour with the Sena- 
 tors,and framed thcmfelves to their will and pleafure, inchufingtoihem two of theNobility,and 
 thofe that had been Confuls, to wit, 5/). T^j'/'/i^w; and ^«.<i/^re?-^;/;..f. And Confuls there were 
 created, S-^. Hermiaius and Titus Virgimns Cdtmontanus. Who bearing themfelves in a meanbe- 
 G tween Commons and Nobles, and not greatly inclining to one fide or other had peace as well ac 
 home as abroad. Lu. 7 rf^o^jf"; a Tribun of the Commons, being highly offended with the Sena- 
 tors, and fpightfully bent againft them, :5nd faying withal, that in the coaptation of the reft of the 
 Tribun'' he had been cunningly over-raught by them, and betrayed by his colleagues propofed a 
 Law. That whofoever hereafter propounded unto the Commons any Tribuns to be eleded> 
 fliould not give ove- , but ftill propound nnril he made up the fullrumber often. Thus cqjitinued 
 he all his Tribunfhipinperfecutingand molefting the Nobles, never letting them to be quiet: 
 whereupon he was furnamed * A^er. 
 
 L After
 
 io8 Tfce third Boo\pfT, Livius. 
 
 Afcer this, M. Geganiiu Mucrinm^ and C. y«//«j, being created Con uls, appealed the tonten- \{ 
 tiou> Orations oi the Tribuns, whiLh were begun and railed againfl the youn;, Gcnticmer.. ot the 
 Nobility, fo as without any bitter invetVives againlt that authority ot the '^ ribuns, they preftr- 
 ved Hill the foveraign Msjelty ot the Nobles: and by nieans of decreeing mudersagainti ihe wars 
 of the Volfcijns ar\l .£quians> liayed the Commons, and kept ihe City from all ledinon and dif- 
 cord : fayinc, Tii?.t by civil ur/uy, all would be at quiet abroad : whereas tLrough dilcord of citi- 
 zens , fcrrainers took heart. The care likewife ot outward peace was the caufe of inward and in- 
 tertine concord. But evermore the one Ikte difquieted the moderation of the other : for whiles 
 the Commono were Hill and in good temper , the puny Senators began to offer them wrong and 
 hard meafure. And when the Tribuns would have affitied the weaker fide, at firfi it booted little, I 
 and imall-good they did: but afterwards they themfelves efcapednot without abufe and hurt: 
 and cfpecially in their latter moneths , when as they received injuries, both by reafon of the 
 meetings and packing together of the mightier fort, and alfo for that toward the end oi the year> 
 the edpe and \ i^or commonly of all authority waxeth dull and groweth feeble and weak. So that — 
 now the Commons had little or no confidence at all in the Tribunfliip , unlefs they might have 
 fuch as Ic'liui to be Tribuns : and as for thefe two years laft paft^they had them but in bare name, 
 and not to any effeft and purpofe. The elders and ancient fathers of the Senate on the other fide, 
 as they believed verily that their youth were too forward and luHy: fo they were of this mind, 
 That if there needs mult be trefpafs and excefs , they had rather thofe oftheir own degree and 
 coat ihould exceed meafure, and have greater ftomack, than their adverfaries. So ti.kulli and k. 
 dangerous a thing it is to keep a mean in maintenance of liberty : whiles under a colour oi wifh- 
 ing'and de;iring equality, every man advanceth and lifteth up himfelf fo,as that he thrulieth and 
 beareth down another : and in pretending a care and regard that men fhould not ftand in awe and 
 /ear of them, they make themfelves dread and fearful to others, and fo the wrong that we put off 
 and turn from ourfelves, we impofeupon otliers. As if there were no remedy,butthat we mull ' 
 either do, or luffer injury. 
 
 Then were made ConfulSjT'.^^/K^/w Capitolinns the fourth time, and Agrip-pa Furms:\\ho found 
 neither fedition within,nor war without. But yet both the one and the other was near at hand., 
 Fornow could no longer the diffention of the citizens be held in, but needs it muft break our. 
 And both Tribuns and Commons rofe againft the Nobles. For in all the aflemblies and meetings j_ 
 of the people, one or other alwayes of the Nobles and Senators were ferved with procefs: where- 
 upon orew frefh troubles and new contentions. At the firft noife whereof,as if the fignal of battel 
 had been civen,and theal'arm flrickenup,the Aquians and Volfcians took arms: and withal,theit 
 Leaders and Captains (fuch as gaped greedily after fpoil and pillage) had born them in hand and 
 perfwaded them to believe, That for thefe two years part, they could not go through with their 
 mufters proclaimed : for that the Commons refufed to obey, and brake their alleagance: which 
 was the only caufe that there were no forces fent out againlt them. Befidesiay they,The ufe and 
 manner of their warfare, is now with their licentious loofenefs, difcontinued and clean decayed : 
 Fome was now no more a common-wealth and country to her citizens : For,all their anger,quar- 
 rels anci malice,that they bare aforetime againft foirein nations, was now turned upon thrir own j^j 
 ielves : fo that at this time they had fit occafionand good opportunity to forprife them,blirded as 
 wolves with mutual rage and fury one againll another.Hereupon they joyned their whole power, 
 and firfl wafled the country of Latium' and afterwards feeing none to encounter them and make 
 defence (to the exceeding joy of thofe that were the authors of this war j they camr foraging and 
 fpoiling all the way to the very walls of ^owf, even before the gate EfquUwa-, there braving and 
 vaunting in reproachful and fcornful terms before the whole City, telling themhow they hadlaid 
 their fields and territories waff , From whence they retired themfelves without revenge and lofs, 
 driving their booties afore them,and marched along to Corbio. QuintiHs the Conful feeing this, 
 affembled the people,and there (as I have heard) he made to them a fpeech in this wife. •■• Albeit 
 ©("^IwiJifiw"" "lam not priv y to my feU , and my confc ience accufeth me not of any fault, O Q^^irhes^ yet am N 
 thiTc'^nrul.to " I exceedingly abafbed and a fhamed to come forth into this af.embly of yours: that ever you 
 the people of «• fliou'd know,or the polkrity hereafter underftand, how the ^.quians & Volicians (who of late 
 Kome. <c dayes were hardly comparable to theHernicks)came when T.Qniyitius was the fourth cimeCof. 
 
 " in warlike manner with banner difplayed to the walls of the City of Rome&c went their wayes . 
 *' again clear and without any hurt by them received. This fliameful difhcnor , if 1 had known ic 
 "would have light; fo juHin this year (and yet for this good while the world hath fo gone, and 
 "fuch hathbeenthecourfeof our life and converfjtion, that my mird ever gave me there was no 
 " goodnefs toward j I would have avoided this place of dignityjciiher by baniflimtnr or death,if 
 " there hjd been no other way to efcape it. And might indeed 'lave Komebetn taken in the time 
 " of my Confulfliip, if thofe weapons which were under our gates had heen in the hand"^ of va!o- O 
 " rous men ? Then had I indeed enjoyed fuffiiient honor alrear y her had I lived longvjnongh, 
 " 3nda little too long, and might havedyed well when I wa? bu'' the third time Co-ful. But who 
 " were they, I pray you, whom thefe moft bafe and cowardly enenlies of onrs defpifed and fet fo 
 '^ light byPWcre we they that are your Confuls, or you (Qji ites)thepeopieof iv'»wf ?If we were 
 " in the fault,takefromusas unfuffit ient& unworrhyperionsour rule and governmenr:andiftha ' 
 " be ribt enough Jet us over and helldes l->e wel pnniriied ,and abide the fmarc . But if the blame be 
 " in you Qiiirites- let neither God nor man chaflife your trefpafs and offence,only do you repent 
 
 '<■ your 
 
 The Oration
 
 The third Boo{ofT,LWitis, ni 
 
 
 your lelves.and be lory therefore.lt was not your cowardife that they fcorncd and defpifcd,neI-» 
 ■ iher wjs ittneirown valour wherciiuhey trnlted.For vvhyrthey having beenfooUendcieated 
 " and driven out of the camp and tlieheld,Hned with forfeiture ot Lands, iorced to go under the 
 ""allovvsjand brought into lervitude knew very well both themlelves and you alfo. No, no,ihe 
 '• variance and difi^ord between our ovvnftatesand degrees, is the only bane,and nothing elfe, of 
 ■•' this City;the jarres and debates, I fay, between the Nobles and the Commons. VVhi.eii neitner 
 '■'•we have any gage or Hay of rule and command, nor you know mean of freedom and liberty: 
 " while you are weary ot Noble men rulers,and wclikewife ol the Commoners Magiflrates, they 
 " gave gotten heart, and wax bold. Now, fGods will) what mean you to do, and what would 
 B "'yonhaic ? Tribuns of the Commons ye longed and fought after: forquietnefs and concord fake, 
 "■-we let you have your longing, De.emvirs you had a great mils ot, and them you dci. red : we 
 '' granted and permitted them tobei-rcated. Weary you were anone, and ah too weary otDe- 
 "cemurs: vve forced them to forgo their office. And when your anger continued liiil<i"ainit 
 " them, being become private perions again, we iuiVered to be put to deach,and to be exiled ^molt 
 " noble and right honorable men. When you would needs eiedt anew your T: ibuns of the Com- 
 " mens, you chofe them at yourpleafurc. To create Conl'uls from out of your own t'aition, ai- 
 *' though weknivvit hurtful and prejudicialto the Nobles, yet have we ieen that dignity proper 
 " to Nobility,givenavvay as it were,and made common wnh theCommonaity.The.iHilian.e of 
 " Tribuns, the appealing to the people, the Laws and ASti deviled by the Commons, to be ten- 
 Q " deredand impoled upon the Nobles,to bind them thereto: and thatunder the pretence and co- 
 " lour of //:7»o//;/, or equal and indifferent Laws, our own rights and priviledges lliouldbe over-^ 
 "thrown, we have abiddcn, and do Hillendure. When will there be an end once ofd kord and 
 ^'diffention? Shall we never have one City of it ? Shall wenever haie this tobe thecommon 
 <' Country of us aliPWecan be content mu.h bettertobe at quiet, when we are vanquil'hed/.h-in 
 " whiles vve are viitors. And is it not enough for you,that you are dread and feared ot us? but Itiil 
 "you feek for more?Agninllusitwas, that you took the Mount Jventine^ againlHisit was that 
 '■• you he'.d and kept the Mountam Sacer, For when the gate Efqialtna^wis wel-neerluipried by 
 *' the enemy and'whenrheVolkians our enemies were ready to climb our trench and banks, and 
 '"^ to fcale our walls-,nore of you there was to be feen for to remove and fet them farther off. A- 
 D '• gainlf us ye piav themen agiiBlf us ye canbearmed.We.lthen goto:When ye have herebefec 
 " the Senate-houfe taken up the market place and common Hall with fouldiers, filled the ooal 
 *' withNoblemen.and thoieof the hiefelf and belf quality) then with like courage and floutnefs 
 *' of heart (ally forth of the gate Efijuiiina.Ov-iii you dare not venture fo muc h ,behold and view al 
 "afore you from the walls dif.over your Lands and territories with fire an J fword waffed&con- 
 *■ fumed,)Our goods and catcel had and driven away as booties and prizes, your firms andhoufes 
 <' burning and hnoking in every quarter. But all this time the Commonweal only ^you think) by 
 "this means is in worfe plight and poorer cal'e,the vi.'lrges fired thcCity be!ieged,and the enemy 
 • goeth his way with the honor of the war. And in whattaking, I pray you,is your ownprivate 
 " elf ate the whilePTidings will come anon to every min particularlyifrom oat of his own livings 
 E «' and polTelTions. of his proper lofies:and what haveyouathome(ifa man may ask) to make fup- 
 " ply again ? Will the Tribuns make you relUtution.and amends for all your damages ? Youlliall 
 *• have words of them your Hll.They will not lli^ktofpeakto rail,and let fly llatiders freely bifore 
 *' you apinft the heads ofthe City, Laws upon Laws you fliallhave heaped thick and threefold. 
 " AfTemblies, convocations, and feditious inveiti^es good (fore. But from theietheir affemblies, 
 '• never came there any ofyouhome tohis houie^rivherofonegray groat or (in^ic denier .nor in 
 ^' better ftate to live than before.Was there ever any onecarried ought from thence to his wite&: 
 '• children but hatred and maiice.difpleafureand r.incour.grudges and heart-burnings both publii.k 
 *-and private? From which at all times ye have been fliieldedanddefcnded if not with your own 
 " vcrtueandinno.ency yet by the help and aid of others. But certainly, when ye ferved in wars 
 J^^- under the conduit of us your Confuis, and followed not the leading of your Tribunstwhen you 
 '■'• fetved I fay in camp and not in the Halland commonplace:when inbattelyourenemies quakecT 
 *' to hear youfiiout and not in your affemblies the Romans were in dread of yourw/rfrand out- 
 ''• crycs : then you wan prizes, and conquered Lands from your enemies, then you returned home 
 *• with triumph to your houfes,t'ulofiicbes and wealth ful of honor and renown as well publick 
 ''as private. Whereas now, you fuffer your enemies to depart , fraught and laden with your 
 "goods. Sti k to your W,:rd-Leets, as if you were nailed and falf pinned to them : dwell (11:1 in 
 " your Hall,and lead your lives continually there: yet mult you needs war when allisdone,fly from 
 ^^ it as faft as you can. Grieved it you indeed, and thought you it a trouble and painful thin^, to 
 "take an expedition fo far as into theVollcians and .tquians country ? Lo, the war is come even 
 G '< unto your gates: if it be not put from thence, it will anon be within the wall--, it will fcale th^ 
 " CalVie and Capitol it will foiiow you.even into your houfes.Two years ago,the Senate "ave or- 
 " dernnd.' omrni'-d.yj rnrt there fliould befouldiers mullered,and an army condudled into J/^i-- 
 " ^!<7».But wcficlVilathomeSido norhing.but chide Si fcold(asitwere)one at another likectjrft 
 " and flirewd women contenting our ieives^and joyino in a prefent peace:jnd little feeing,that of 
 " thz'. reft there vvill i ome fundrv wars again andthat right llaortly. 1 know full well, there are 
 " fpeeches more pleafing &:plauliblcthanthefe.But to fpeak the plain-truth toryour good rather, 
 *' than to flatter and footh for your plejlure^if mine own nature and difpolition did not teach and 
 
 L 2 ad-
 
 112 T'he third Boo^of T.h'mus. 
 
 '■'■ admonifh me, even very necefTity doth force and conlirain me . Willing would I be, and mod j^ 
 "• '• willing ,0 QiiiriteS;to pleafe you; but much more would I have you to be in lafery.think what- 
 <' Ice-, er ye will of me. It falleth outcommonly, as athirgthatcomethbykind,that whofofpea- 
 " keth to a mukitude in his own caufe, and for himfelf, is better liked, and heard with more ap- 
 " plaufe, than he w hole mind aimeth at nothing elfe but a publick weal, Unlefs peradventure you 
 *"• think t hefe common flatterers , thefe dawbacks, and men-pleafers, which give you no reft, nei- 
 " ther in war nor peace, do Ilir you up and provoke you for your ^ood. But will you have the 
 f'tiuth ? ye being once foUicited and pricked on by them, ferve their turns in good Head, either 
 '• for their honor or gain. And becaule they fee themfelves to be of no worth and regard, while 
 "the Hates do agree, they defire to play fmallgame,ratherthantoficout: tobe Captains of mil- j 
 " rue and lewdnefs,ratherthan of nothing: and in one word, to be the heads, the ringleaders 
 '' and guides of troubles and diflentions. Whereof,if you be lb blelt and happy ,as to be weary now 
 'at length, and will betakeyour felves to the ancient manners and fafhions, both ofyour own, 
 " and of your anceHors, in lieu of thefe newfangles, I will refufe no punifliment: nay, let me be 
 '•■ put to the moH fliameful death that is, if I do not before many dayes pafs over my head, defeat, 
 " difcomfic and put to flight thefe robbers and deflroyers of our fields,and fend them packing out 
 " of their own camp, and finally trantlate and remove this terror of war, wherewith ye noware 
 " fo affrighted and altonied, from our gates and walls, even unto their own Towns and Cities. 
 Seldom at any time elfe,had there been a fpeech delivered by a popular Tribune, more acceptable 
 unto the Commons, than was the fharp Oration at thisprefentofamolHevereConful. Yea, and K 
 the very youth, which amid fuch terrors of warjhadbeen wont to refufe fonldiery, the only keen 
 and fharp weapon they had to fight withal againfl the Nobles , nowdefired warandtobein 
 armes. Over and befides, the country kerns that fled (to Rome,) fuch alio as were Ipoiled and 
 wounded in the villages about, reported more foul and cruel outrages in their ears, than were 
 prefented unto their eyes, and let all the City in an hot an angry broil. Now when the Senators 
 were aflembled together in the Councel Houfe, then verily they all caft their eyes upon ^«/»f/«j, 
 beholding and regarding him well, as the only patron and maintainer ot'the Majefty of Rome : but 
 the chief peers and Lords of the Senate fpake out and faid: That he had made an Oration, be- 
 feeming the foveraign Government of a Conful, befeemingfo many Confulfhips by him already 
 born,befeeming the wholecourfeof his life, that had pafled oft through many honorable digni- ^ 
 ties, and yet alwayesdefervedmore. As for other Confulsj they eicher in flattering and foothing 
 up the Commons, had betrayed the dignity of the Nobles: or elfeinfeekingby hard courftsto 
 maintain the rights, preheminencies and royalties of their Rate, and to tame the multitude, have 
 thereby made them more fell and untraftable. But T. QuintiHs-^hc hath made a fpeech , refpe6tive 
 and tending, as well to the royal dignity of the Nobles.as to the concord and unity of the States, 
 snd principally regarding the condition of thetimes. They would requeft him therefore, toge- 
 ther with his brother Conful, to take in hand the care of the Common-weal. They would requeft 
 the Tribun'^ likewife, to joyn in one accord with the Confuls, and fhew themfelves willing and 
 forw.ird to have the war kept off and put back from their City walls : and in fo fearful and dan- 
 gerous a cafe, to reclaim their Commons to their due obedience to their Nobles: faying more- M 
 over. That the native Country, the common mother of them all, calleth unto the Tribuns and 
 craveth their aid, now that the territories are wafted, and the City at hand tobe aflaulted. Where- 
 upon, theyall agreed generally to decree a mufler,andprefently to tiiakealevy of fouldiers. And 
 when the Confuls had pronounced before the whole people then and there aflembled.that it was 
 no time as then to hear excufes, butthat all the younger fort, fliould betimes the ne>.t morning 
 by day-light, be ready to attend in /W<?r/field:and that after the war was ended, they would find 
 out and appoint a time,to enquire into their allegations and reafons,that entred not their names: 
 and that he fliould be taken for a traytor and rebel, whofe excufe they allowed not: the whole 
 manhood and youth of the City fliewed themfelves the morrow after inreadinefs. Each cohort 
 or regiment chofe their Centiners or Captains, and every Regiment had two Senators for their N 
 Provoft Marflials. All this was performed (by report j with fuch fpeed and expedition, that on 
 the very fame day, the ftandards and enligns were by the Queftors had forth of the Armory and 
 Chamber of the City and brought into y^/ijr^ field: andbythe fourth hour(or ten a clo:k)the fame 
 day,fet forward and advanced out of thefield. And this new army,with a few bands of old foul- 
 diers, who willingly of their own accord followed them, marched onandrefted, at ten miles 
 end. The day followingtheydifcovered their enemies, and at Cor^/o encamped clofe unto them. 
 And by the third day, there was no flay on both hands, but they muft needs encounter and ficht. 
 For why ? The Romans for anger were fharp let: the enemies again,upon a guilty confcience thac 
 they had fo often rebelled, were grown defpcrate. Now, whereas in the Roman army the two 
 Confuls were in equal commilfion, yet gave Aqrifpa place unto his brother .^;»i'/«^,andyeelded O 
 unto him the entire and abfolute command. A courfe moft profitable in the managing and exe- 
 cution of greatatfairs. And being thus preferred, he again incourtefy anfwered and requited 
 the others Gentlenefs and inclination to fubmiHion, in this wife, by imp.irting unto him all 
 his Counfels: by parting with him all his honor and praife , and by making him his equal, 
 who was indeed his inferiour and underling; In tbebattel, ^^iw/w commanded the rioht 
 port, >^ff-r//)/)^ led the left : Sp, Poflhumius Jlbm-, the Lieutemnt General, had theconduflof 
 the tBiin battel. And P. Snipttitis the other Lieutenant, they fet over the horfemen. The foot- 
 men
 
 The third Boo{ ofT, LiviuSi n:? 
 
 A men oftherighr point fought molt valiantly, and theVolfcims received them with equalva'our„ 
 Sf.S'ulmiHs with his men ot arms,brake through the main battel ot' the enemies:& albeit he might 
 have retired himlelt the fame way again unto his company, before that the enemies could bring 
 their ranks again into order, that were diiaraycd : yet he thought it better to charge them upon 
 their backs. And in onemoment hehid difcomfited and quite defeated his enemies, by aflaiiin" 
 them behind, and thus affrighting them on both fides, but that the Voifaan and jEquian Horfe- 
 men recharged him > held him play in his own fight , and fo kept him occupied a good while. 
 <'Thereat,5«/;) f;«/faid,ic vvasno time now to lirgerand todri\e olf, but to bedirthemfelves, 
 " crying out aloud that they were en\ ironed round , enclofed within their enemies, and excluded 
 
 g "from their own fellovvs,unlel's they let to, and bent their whole force, quickly to di patch the 
 " Horfe-fight: and that it would not ferve,ioputtheHorfemen to flight and lave their lives: but 
 " kill both horfe and man, that none might ride back again from thence into the battel to renew 
 '* the fight. Andro make head and rehltan.eagainllhimand his horfemen. they were never able> 
 '< fince that the main thick battel ol footmen had given him ground already. Good ear they gave 
 to bis words, and loon harkned to his dire8;ion: and with one entire allault they gave a herce 
 charge, ard detested the whole power of the Cavallery, unhorfed and difmounted a number of 
 them ,and with their javeiins goared both them and their horfes.And there's an end of thehorfe- 
 fervice.Then they let upon the butel of the footmen and difpatched mefTengers unto the Confuls 
 with news, what they had done: where alio by that time, the battel of the enemies began to 
 
 (> fhrink. And when tidings came unto the Romans that were already upon the p6int of vidory, 
 they verily vvere more encouraged: hut the i£quians that were about to retreat, vvereftrucken 
 with greater fear. In the main battel firit began the overthrow ; namely, whereas the men of arms 
 before hadbroken the array. After them, theleft point alio began to be dillrcfled and driven 
 back, by Qptmtius the Coniil. But in the right there was hardeft hold , and molt ado. Where, 
 ^i^r.p;)^ being a tall man of his hands and young withal, feeing in every part of the battel things 
 go better than where he was : caught theenligns from the enhgn bearer5,advanced them forward 
 hisownfelf, yea. and fell to flinging fome of them againit the thickelt of his enemies. For fear 
 there! ore offo fhameful a difgrace.the fouldiets beltir themselves, and frefhiy aflailed the enemy. 
 Anc^ 'oon all hands alike, they atchieved the vidtory and won the field. Then came a meflenoer 
 
 D from^ .'«f/«;& brought word, that he had the better hand, and was now ready to give an affaulc 
 upon the camp, but would not break in,and enter thereinto before he knew for certain, that they 
 in the e t point alfo had gotten the upper hand, and made an end of the battel. In cafe therefore he 
 had difcomfited the enemy, he fliouldjoynhis forcesto him, that the whole army altogether 
 mightgainchefpoilandpiliageofthe tents. So AgripphViho alfo forhispart was viitorjCameto 
 his brother Conful andthecamp of the enemies, and met with mutual congratulation oneto the 
 other. There, finding but a few to defend,vvhom they difcomfited in the turning of an hand,they 
 brake into therampierand munitions, without confliil or skirmifh: and fobelides the recovery 
 of their own goods again , which they had lolt by the overrunning of the country, they rained alfo 
 a rich booty, and retired back with their whole army. Icannot learn, that either they themlelves 
 
 E required triumph ,or the Senate offered them any : and no caufe appeafeth upon record, why they 
 fliould either retufe or net hope for that honoi". For mine ownparcfofaras Icangnefs in fo ion'^ 
 diltance of times-feeing that Fa'crius and H^r^nus^mho over and befides the conquelt of the Voll- 
 cians and the ,€quians, had the honor alfo of difpatching and finifliing the Sabinej war,vvere de- 
 nied triumph attheSenats hand •,thefe Confuls might not with mode[ty,fue for the fame; havin^^ 
 performed but half the good fen ice of the others: lelt if they had gotten it granted, there michc 
 havefcemcd more regard had of the perfons, than ofthedeferts. 
 
 But this noble and honourable viitory over the enemies abroad, thus atchieved , wasobfcu- 
 rcd and fonly diltayned with a fliameful doom ofthepeople, in a concroverfy of their allies, 
 about the bounds and meets of certain Lands. The inhabitants of v^r/W^ and y^>-iiM, having A controvert/ 
 F warred oftentimes one with the other, about fome Lands in queflion between them, and by "i- between ihe 
 ving and taking fundry foils and overthrows outwearied , chofe the. people of /3o»t;c their Um- Ardeares »nd 
 pire to decide and determine this quarrel. And when they were come with their counfel to plead jcj 'by 'the"" 
 the cafe , the Magillrates granted a Court of Aflifes ot the people. Where was much arguing people of 
 and dilputeonboth fides before them : and afrer the witnelTes were depofed and that at length Kome. 
 theTribesfhonld be called to the fcrutinie, and the people give their voices, there fteps forth an 
 ,,old father, one /'.i'ir-«;7fy«r, a Commoner. And I(quoth hejfor my part, O Confuls if it be lawful 
 5, to fpcak for the good of the State,wil not fuffer the people to erre,and be deceived in this que- 
 5, (tion. When as the Confuls denied him audience, as being an old fool, and of no credit : and 
 commanded him ( a« hecryed Itill that the publick caufe of the City was betrayed J to be had 
 
 ^ awa\\ he calleth forrheaffiltance oftheTribuns. The Tribuns then, who lightly are ever over- 
 ruled by the multitude ratherthan able to rule them, yeelded unto the Conimons: That for as 
 much as they were deiirous to hear what the old man could fay, Sc.iptim fhould fpeak his mind 
 at large. Then fetrethhe the tale on end; and beginneth thus :Iam (quoth he) fourfcore winters 
 old and three on the head of it : and even upon that very ground for which allthisftriteand vari- The evidence 
 " anceis Iferved asafouldier, when I was no young man neither butone that had beenpreftto R"'"''>'"1<* 
 ''wars, and received pay twenty years afore. Andit was, I remember well, during the fiege be- ° 
 
 *' fore Conoii. Hither am I now come, to give evidence of a thing by long cootinuance of time, 
 
 L 3 " worn
 
 114 "The fourth Book^of T.hWius. 
 
 '• worn out clean and forgotten of other men, but frefli in my knowledge and remembrance : to j^ 
 "^ wit, that the Lands thus litigious, and in controverfy, hrd been fometime within the confines 
 ^* oi the Coriolans : and atter the winning olConolf) v/eic feifedby right of conqueiLtothe Com- 
 " mons of the people ot Ro^ie. I marvel much therefore, by whatcuUome and prefcription, the 
 '■ Ardeates and Ari.ines, who never had right and imereft, and were not pofleffed of the land, 
 '• (folong s^ Coriolt l^ood in profperity) fliould hope to defeat the people ot Rome thereof;,vvhom 
 "being the LL. in fee of the ground, they had chofen for their Arbitrator. As for me, Ihave 
 " but a fmall while to live:,and one foot already is in grave: and yet I cannot find in my heart^buc 
 '' (to that Land, which as old, I being a young and luRy fouidier, did my belt to fight for, and 
 '' conquered with Iword in hand) make claim now that lam aged, by word and mouth,theonly i 
 "means left me to recover it. I advife the people therefore in good fadnefs, that inavainrefpedi 
 " of bootlefs modelly, they condemn nottheir own caufe, nor give away their right. TheCon- 
 fuls marking well what audience was given to Sc^ptw-) and that he was heard not only with fi- 
 lence,but alfo with good liking and contentment-cryed out upon this abominable prai^ife : cal- 
 ling both Heaven and Earth to witnefs, and therewith fent tor the Lords of the Conncel: and 
 joyning with them, went tothe Tribuns, tell in hand with them , and inftantly befoughc them 
 ••'not to go forward with this molt lewd action for the prefenc, and a more fhameful precedent 
 ''for the time to come: namely, that Llmpiers and dayesmen, fliould convert the thing in Imi: 
 '' unto their own and proper vantage : efpecially confidering, that, Admit it were a lawful thing 
 "for a judge himfe'f to have an eye and regard to his own commodity: yet would there not be j^ 
 '' fo much gained and gotten by coming thus bet ween, and interverting the Land , as there would 
 '' be damage and hinderance another way, in alienating by thofehard courfes,the hearts of their 
 '' good friends and Allies . For the lofles (verily) and cracks of name and credit, are fuch as may 
 " not be valued at any price. And fhould theEmbaffadors indeed, lay they, go their wayeshome 
 '' with this goodly award : and make report abroad how they have fped ? fhould our confederals 
 '' hear this ? lliould our enemies come by the knowledge thereof ? with what grief the one ? with 
 " what joy the other? Think ye that our neighbour nations will impute, attribute, andafcribc 
 "^ this, unto the fpeech made by Scaptut^, a prating old bufy body^ and one that loverh to hear 
 " himfelffpeakinalTemblies? Nay, this is certain: well may 5Mpri»i be famous and much talked 
 " of,in the playing of this pageant: but the people oiRome fhall incur the obloquy, to have afted L 
 " the part under the vifour ot Sctptias, of a cunning promoter, and a falfe interceptor to himfelf, 
 "ofother mens right in fuit. For, what judgeatany tirHeinaprivarematter,hath donetheiike, 
 'as to award the thing inquellion, unto himfelf? Why, even 5(r.<;)f;«;, paft all fhame and grace 
 '' as he is, would never have done it. Thefe and fuch like wordsjfpake both Confuls and Senators 
 aloud in ail their hearing. But the covetoul'nefs of men, and 5'frt/'f/«/ that firftfet them a longing 
 and their teeth a watering, prevailed more than they all. The Tribes were calledto the Scrutiny 
 of their voyces, and gave judgment, That the Lands pertained to the common Territory of the 
 people oi Rome. Neither can it be denied, but it would have fo appeared indeed, in cafe it had 
 been tried before other judges. But now^ for all the goodnefs of the caufe, is not the ignominy 
 ofthearbitrement one jot the lefs : Nay, the Aricines and Ardeates themfelves , thoughtnotM 
 more fliame'uUy and hardly oFit, than the very Senators and Peers of Rome. The reft of the year 
 continued quiet, from all troubles as well domeffical as forrain. 
 
 I 
 
 The Fourth Book 
 
 Of the Hiftories ofT. Livius of VadasLjfrom the Foundation 
 
 of the City of Rome. n 
 
 The Breviary of L. Flortu upon the fourth Book. 
 
 HTHe Law coficeryiifig marriage between the Nobles andthe Commons^ mas propofed, ayidvp'tthmuch 
 ado cn^Bed by the Tribuyis oft hi Commo'/iahy : notrvlthflandma^ the Nobles withfiood it. Tribuns 
 military with full i-uthori-y ofCoyifuls^were credited. Holder this k^nd of Magiflracy vhm the State ruled 
 for certain jeArs^ both in City a:id in war. The Lands cfthe Ardeates^ rehich had been awardedfrom 
 them by an arbitremcnt of the people o/Rome, were rejioredagaiyi unto them-) and Colaners fent to in- 
 habit the f me. In the time of a great dearth and famine at'Koms.-^ owSp. Vi'S^xVi'^-^aRomanknight^ q 
 dealt corn among fl the people fredy, at his own proper charges : by which deed he won the favor of the 
 Commons' andthereby ajpiri--gto be Kin^., was at the ccmmandmcnt of Qmntms CAnc'mmtas^ the 
 DiBator^flan-, by the hards ofC. Servilius Hala, Gencrd of the Horfemen. L. Minutius, who d'f' 
 clofedthe treafon, had a bullock^withgKtlt horns givenhim for a reward. The Embajfadors of the Ro- 
 mans-, which were murdtrcdby the Fid nates, hadtheir Statues or Images ereSedat the Roftra, or the 
 common C'ofs of the City, becaufe they died in thefervice of the Common-wealth. Cornelius CofTuSrf 
 Colontl, having (lain with his own hand Tolumoius, the King of the Vetentians-iffan and bare away the 
 
 fecond
 
 The fourth B()Of{ ofT, Li vius. n 5 
 
 fixr ro drreH. fVhom the mtn i/ f jdcne [Icw^ it-id revolted from thcptople of Rome. • i^-ndby Manicrcus 
 jtmyiius the Did.atcr were jubd^icd-, and the City forced. Thecoijpir-cyofthsbondjlave; wm fuppref- 
 fed. Ponhumills a Trtbu-'-e military.) was for his cruelty Jlain by his oWMfouldiers- Thcfonldicrs then 
 y'Ji-j ind '.ever b'.fcre^ hadtheir pay out of the common treafury. Moreover .^ this book^ containetb the 
 vfxrs afainfl the Volfcians and V^eientians, the Fidsnates andFalifci. 
 
 ^ 7 he fourth BooJ\^ of T. Livius. 
 
 THere lucceeded Confuls after thefe , M. Gemtius and P. CitriMlus. A year full of 
 broils , both at home and abroad. For in the beginning of the year, both C<j';«/e/«/) a 
 Tribune oi the Commons , propofed a law , concerning alliance of thePacritians with 
 Commons , by way ot mariage. Whereby rhe Nobles fuppofed their bioud to be 
 ftayned, and the Rights and Priviledges of Families and Houfes confounded. Alfo, whereas ac 
 firft the Tribims by little and little had moved. That one ot the Confuls might be created out of 
 the Commons: now the matter proceeded fo far, that often Tribuns that then were, the other 
 
 £^nine propounded this in pLiiniermsforalaw , That it might be in the peoples power to chufe 
 both the Coff. ('if they would ; either out of Commons or Nobility. Mary, if that lliould come 
 to pafs the Nobles thought indeed that the foveraign rule and auchcrity,was not only made com- 
 mon with the bafeit fort, but alfo tranflated altogether from the great men and beft of the City, 
 tothecommoaalty. Glad were the Senators therefore to hear fay, that the people of v4rrt!(<i, for 
 the wronglul awarding away of their Lands from them, were revoked: and that the Veicntians 
 had waBed theVrontiers of the Romans: and that the Volfcians and ifiquians grudged and 
 ftjuttered for the fortifying of Verruio; So much preferred they any war, miferablc though it 
 were and dangerous, before a iliameful and difhonourable peace. Having heard therefore thefe 
 news, and taken them in the worlt manner : to the end that amidft the rumour snd bruit of fo 
 
 D many wars, the Tribunitian troublefome fuits might ftay and be dead for the time: they com- 
 m.^nd muRers to be taken,louldierstobe levied, all furniture of war, and all manner of force to be 
 prepared, and (if it might be) with more indeavour> than it had been when T.^K/Wr.w was Con- 
 ful. Then C.Camileius^ after fome hot words which he fpake aloud in the Senate ; namely, that 
 theCon.'uU by frighting the Commons, went about but in vain, to avert them from the regard 
 ot their new Laws : and that fo long as he had any breath in his body , they fhould never go 
 through with mutler, unlefs the Commons had firil ratified thofe things, which by him and his 
 brethren had been propounded: forthwith alfembled the people together. Thus at one inftanc 
 the Confuls animated the Senate againlt the Tribune, and the Tribune incited the people againlt 
 the Confuls. ''The Confuls gave it out plainly and laid, that no longer now might thefe furious The allegiti. 
 
 E " courfes of the iribuns be endured. Now were they come to the very height and extremity, msoftheCon- 
 " and railed more war in eftedt, at home, than the enemies abroad. Which thing (no doubt) '^"'^ againft 
 " hapned not fo much through the fault of the Commons , as of the Nobles, nor of the Tribuns '^^ Commoa*^ 
 '* more, than of the Confuls. For look what thing vvas bell rewarded in a City, the fame alwayes 
 " mott increafed : thus men in peace (we fee) prove excellent, thus in war they come to be fmgu- 
 *-lar. In^fljMf (faytheyjfeditionsfped everbefl, and havebeen reputed both to each oneinpar- 
 *'ticular and to all ingeneral moll honourable. But let the Senate call to mind the dignity which 
 "they themfclves had received from their faihers,and compare it with that whicb they were like 
 ** to leave to their children: and <ee, whether they may boaft as the commonalty doth, how that 
 "r* their condition is much bettered and more glorious than before. Well.neither is there any end 
 
 F ''now. nor ever will be, fo long as the Authors of feditions be as highly advanced, as the fediti- 
 '* ons themi'elves are prolperous and fortunate. See what matters and how great hath Cam leius 
 "attempted ! He would bring in a commixture or rather confulion of kindreds and houfes, a 
 " perturb ition in the managing both of publick and private affairs: that nothing might be fin- 
 *' cere and intire. nothing pure and undefiled : that all difference and dillinilion being taken away, 
 *' no man might know cither himfelf or his. For what thing elfe do thefe mixtures'of dates and 
 ••'degrees by manages draw afrer them, without all order and difcretion: but that like bruit beatls 
 '•in a manner, Commons and Nobles may go and couple together ?fo that therhildren between 
 *^ them born,fhaiI not be able to tell of what bloud he is defcended- and to what Religion he doth 
 <^belong,being amurgrel as it were, the one halfaNoble, the other a Commoner; and not well 
 
 G'^fuiting and according with himelf? They thought it not enough (be like) that all divine and 
 " humane Laws, were confufed and fhiifBed together : fornow thefe mutinous perfons, thefe bufy 
 " heads and trot^bler- of thecommon people addrefs themfelves to fhoor at the Confulfhip. At 
 *• fitft- thev founded in private fpeeches andfecretdifLOurfes- only, how to compafs- That one of 
 "the Coniuls might be created out of the body of the Commons : but now they oo roundly to 
 "work and carry it before rhem : they are fo bold ro pre'eriaws ('forfooth)thattheptopic might 
 " make them both either Nobles or Commons.at rheirgoodpleafure. Whereby (no doubt) they 
 " would make choife from out of the Commons , of the moft feditious perlons of all other, 
 
 "We
 
 i6 The fourth Book^ofT, Livius. 
 
 "We fh all have then the C4««/t'i<j«j and Icilians tobeourCoff. B'Mjupiter fthat great good j^ 
 -" God) forbid, that ever the Royal and Imperial Majeliy, {hculd come to thai low ebb or de- 
 " iperate pais : dye chey would a thouland deaths rather, than fuffer fo great a lliamc and indigni- 
 " ty : knowing this alTurediy, that their an:ertours alio, it" they had once fufpefted or forleen, 
 "that by granting the commonalty every thing as theydehred, they would not have pro- ed 
 '•moie lovely and chearful towards them, bin rather more churlifli and untrailable: and when 
 ''they had obtained their firllfuics, co proceed llill to demand worfe and worfe, one thing after 
 "another: they would I ooner have indured at the firft, any centering and debate whatlbevcr, 
 " than luffered thofehrftd conditions to beimpol'ed,and put upon them : and becaufe they had 
 " once relented, that Tribuns fhould be created, therefore to grant them again the fecond time, i 
 " So that as now, there is no quietnefswith them, nor end of quarrels will beiM3ne,rolongasin 
 " one and the i'e'.f fame City,Tribunsand Senators remain together. Nay verily, eitherthis (tate 
 " mult be put down, or that office utterly abolilTied. And better late than never, towithftand 
 " and meet with their rafliand defperate boldnefs. What Pfhail they without controlmenc,firft 
 ''Ibwdifcord at home, and then flir up forrein wars abroad ? and afterwards, againtt thofe wars 
 "which themfehes have railed, debar and hinder the City, forto take arms ar.d defend it lelf? 
 " and when as they have a=; good as fent for the enemies to come to their dores5then,not fuffer an 
 " army to be levied againft them. But ktCaauleiw (ii'he dare) fpeak thefe words out in the Se- 
 *'nate, Thatunlefs the Nobles lufter his laws, as ifhe were a Conqueror. to be admitted and re- 
 " cei\ ed,he will Hay the muftering ? For what elle is that, but to threaten that he will fell and j^ 
 " betray his country, andfulferit to be affailed and loft ?Whai encouragement will luch a word 
 " give as that, I fay not, to the commonalty of Rome, but to the Volfcians, jEquians and Veien- 
 "tians ? Wi.l not thev hope, under thecondu(5fof C^«'K/f/«/, to be able to fcale the Capitol and 
 *' the Caflle,if fo be the Tribuns fh all take from the Nobility their couragious hearts,as il-.ey have 
 ''bereaved them already of their right, their honor and dignity? Let him know therefore, that ^ 
 " theConfuls are ready firft to fhewthemfelves to be Captains and Leaders, againll themifchie- ■ 
 " vous prai^ifes of their own citizens , before they will make head againll^ the armed forces of '§ 
 ''their enemies ? Whiles theft matters were debated of with great contention and heat in the 
 Senate houfe, Camileius forthemaintenance ofhis laws, and to crofs the Confuls, made this O- 
 Th Or '' n ration unto the people. How greatly the Nobles have defpifed you^O Quirites, how unworthy l 
 oicaniilelus ro they have ever thought you, to liveamong them within the walls of one City, me thinks I have, 
 the O'lrni^ns as often heretofore, fo now elpecially and moll of all perceived : in that they have rifen up alto- 
 againft thcNo- gether fo fiercely to i heck and withliandourpropofed Jaws. "Wherein, what pretend we elfe, 
 bility, "but to tell them and put them in mind, That we are, as well as rhey, citizens : and although we 
 
 " are not of the fame wealth, yet we inhabit the fame country with them } Intheone,werequeft 
 • mariage; a thing to borderers, yea, and to forrain nations ufually granted: and to fpeak of our 
 "felves, we alfo have afforded even to ourconquered enemies, thebeneftof our City,which is 
 " far more than marriage. In the other, we move no new matter, but only claim again and chal- 
 '-lengethat, which is the peoples right, to wit, that the people of ^owf may beftow their offices 
 *' and dignities, upon whom they pleafe. What reafon have they then,I pray you, to let all on an M 
 *• uprore- as if Heaven and Earth lliouldgotoge:her?and whatis the caufe, that erewbile Ihad 
 '' like to have had violence offered unto me in the Senate ? What moved them to break out and 
 *' fay,they could not forbear nor keep their haids from me, and threaten to abufe and violate the 
 "facred authority of the Tribuns? Sec cafethat the people of /!i»;f may have their free voyces 
 " and fufiDges, to elcit the Confuls whom they will, and that no Commoner be denied, fohe be 
 " worthy of the higheft place, for to obtain the Ibveraign dignity. How then ? cannot this City 
 <' polfibly (land any longer ? and is our Empire come to an end for ever ? And all one it is (be like) 
 "anJimportcth as much,todifableaCommoner,for beingmadeConful,asifamaninferred,tbat 
 "a bondman or a freed libertine fhould become Conful. Pereiveyou not yet (my Mafters)in 
 •' what contempt you live? They would, if they might, bereaveyou in fomemeafureofthis day ^ 
 '' light : that ye breath and fpeak, that ye have the fhapes of men, they think much, they repine, 
 "anditgoes to their heart. And what elfe? They give it out flatly and fay (if God will^itisun- 
 '■ lawful, that a Commoner Hiould be a Conful. Ibefeechyou hear me a little. Ifwemaynotbe 
 '■ allowed to read the ChroniLles, nor to perufe theHigh-priefts records and regifters, know we 
 " not thofe things then, that even all flrangers know ? namely , That Confuls entred in place of 
 "King';, and lucceeded them, and have no other right, preheminenre or dignity at all, than Kings 
 " had before ? Think ye that men have never heard, that Numa Porr.-pUuu-, a man not fomuch as 
 »' a citizen of /Jw^f, much iefs then, aPatritianand Nobly defcerded among them, wasfentfor 
 '■ cut ofiheSabines countrey, and by thepeop'es voyces, and the aflent of the Nobles, created 
 '•Kingof/?£)/^/(f ? Alfo, afterwards, how L.7'<r^fiinius, who was noRoman born, no, nor yet to q 
 ''much as an Italian, but the fon otDi?»*.^r.7f«i the Corinthiaa. a flranger inhabitant at Tayquins^ 
 " and from thence removing, albeit King ^4 wr«/ his Ions were living, attained likewife to the 
 " crown ? Moreover how Servius Tullins after him, the fon of a captive woman of Comiculum, 
 "vvhofe father was unknown, whofemother a bondwoman, through wit and vertue, obtained 
 " and held the Kingdom ^ For what fhould I fpeak of 7 . T^uihs the Sabine, whom Romtdus him- 
 "felf, the father and founder of this City, admitted to r.iign together with him? Well, fo long as 
 " no rtock was difdained, no race rcje<5led:. wherein appeared fparks of vertue, the Romans Em- 
 
 " pire
 
 The fourth Boo/{ofT,lAvms. 117 
 
 A " pire became mighty, and flourifhed. Scorn ye then at this day, a Confiil out of the Commo- 
 " nalty, when our forefathers deipiied not Kings that were aliens and llrangers ? No, norwher>« 
 '' the Kings were expelled, was this City denied and (Init againR forreinets,thatwere valorousjand 
 '■' menof adHon. The kinrcd and whole name fl amfuie) ofthe CUndii, after the Kings were 
 '• exiled, we not only admitted into our City, from out ofthe Sabins, but alfo received into the 
 '• number of the Patntians and Noble men. And may a meer forrainer indeed become a Noble- 
 " man, and fo aConUil ? And lliall a Citizen of Rome, if he be of the CoQ-;monalty)be wholly difa- 
 '■'• bled and out of all hope for ever of beirg Conful? Tell me I pray you, Think yeitnotpoffible, 
 " that a valiant and hardy man, approved both in war and peace, being one ofthe Commons, 
 g " may prove like to Numa, L. Tnrqinnius-, or Servius TulUus ? and if hedo^whether fliall we fufter 
 " himtogovern the Common-weal, orno ? And whether will ye ha\eour Confuls, fueh rather 
 " as the Detem- irs (the mod wretched and wicked perfons under the fun, who, by your leave, 
 *'\vere at that time ofthe Nobility ^ than ftrangers and new-commers, which of all the Kings 
 *' were limpiy the very belt ? But forfooth , prefently alter the KK. were depofed and expelled, 
 *' there was not one ot the Com, a Conful. What of that? ought no new thing to be ordained, 
 '• and which hath not been already taken up afore ? For many things have not yet been pra6tifed) 
 "(as in a Rate newly incorporate^ ought not fuch then to be put in ufe, ifthey be thought expe- 
 " dient ? While Romitlus reigned, there were no Bifliops nor Augurs : by Nnnia Pomplms they 
 " were created. There was no Sefling of the people at all in the City, no defcripiion of Hundreds 
 ^ '* and Clafles. By 5. Tullius they were indituted, Cofl.were neverheard of before : when theKK. 
 "•' were driven out, they were eleffed. The time was, when neither the ablblute rule nor yet the 
 '•name ofaDidator was known. In our fathers dayes it firit began. Tribuns, jEdiles, Qjeftors 
 " there have been none : it was ordained they fliould be made. Within this ten years, we have 
 " both created and alfo abolillied out ofthe common-weal. Decemvirs for themakingand pen- 
 " ning of our laws. And who doubtcth, but in a City founded forever to endure,and increafing 
 " Hill infinitely , there will be brought in new Governments, new Priell-hoodsandfacerdotal 
 "dignities, new priviledges both of kindreds and private perfons? And even this one thing in 
 " queltion, to wit, that the Com. and Nobles might not joyn in marriage, were not the Decem- 
 '* virs they that firft within chefe few years made that Edi6l ? A moft fhameful enfample and pre- 
 D '*■ cedent in a free ftace, and tending to the manifett wrong ofthe Commons. Can there be any 
 "greater or more notorious injury, than that there fliouldbeina City oneparc and member, as 
 " defiled and polluted, thought unworthy ofthe bond of marriage? What elfe is thisjbut to fuffer 
 *' exile and onfining within the fame walls, when they debar us that wc fhould not be either al- 
 " lied in affinity or knit in kindred ? They provide ^forfooth) and take order that blond fhould 
 " not be mixed , nor families confufed. How then ? If this do pollute this great gentry of yours, 
 " which moft of you defcended from the Sabins and Albans, have not by right line from the Pa- 
 " tritians, but by coptation and electtion into the number of the Nobles, as being chofen either by 
 *• the favour and grace of the Kings, or elfe by the peoples voycesaftertheKK. were expelled: 
 " could not your wifedoms have kept your bloud uncorrupt by fome private means and provifi- 
 E " on , namely, by taking heed neither to efpoufe wives from among the Commons, nor to fuffer 
 <' your daughters and fillers to be married to any other than Nobles ? No commoner (ye might 
 '•befure) would have forced a daughter of any noble houfe: no, thefeinfolenciesotlafcivious 
 '• luft are appropriate to Gentlemen ouly ofthe Nobility : none of us would have compelled any of 
 " yonagainlUiis will, to make covenant and contrail of matrimony. But I wot, that by an ex- 
 " prefs law it fliould beforbidden, and that marriage between Nobles and Commons fliould be 
 '< condemned, that is ir, which to the commonalty is a plain contumely and open injury. And 
 '•why confer ye not and lay your heads together, that the rich may not marry with poor? That, 
 " which at all times and in all places, hath been a matter left unto particular policy and confide- 
 "ration;n,imely, That into what houfe foever a woman calt a liking and fancy, there fhe might 
 F " be married : and into what family a man obliged himfelf by word, promife and covenant, from 
 '-thence he might takea wife: even that, reRrainyewithinthe bonds of a moll proud andtyran- 
 "• nica! law : whereby ye might break in funder all civil fociety,and of one City make twain. Why 
 'forbid yenotby apofitiveLaw, that a commoner flvouldnotdweilby aNoble-min, orgo the 
 " fame way that he doth, or frequent the fame feill, or converfe in the fame market or common 
 '■ place of aflembly ? For in effeft what difference is there if a Gentleman marry a commoners 
 " daughter, or a commoner efpoufe a Gentlewoman? What right I pray you or condition of ftatc 
 « is thereby changed ? furely the chi'dren IHU take after the father. Neither feek we for any thing 
 '' eli'e by matching with you, but only this, that we may be reckoned in the number of men and of 
 '! citizens. Neither is there anycaufe, why you fhould fo contend and (land upon it (unlefs it do 
 i <• you good to crofs and take a pleafure to exercife your felves in working usdifgrace and fhame.) 
 " Finally I would igladly know whether the foveraign government ofthe ttate refleth in you or in 
 "the people oi Rome} Whenthe Kings were driven out, gotyouthereby to your felves Lordly 
 " foyeraignry, or purchafed all men equal liberty ? It mufl: needs be granted, that the people of 
 " ^«7wemay at theirpleafurepublidi and ordainalaw. And will ye then asfoon asanylaw what- 
 "■ loever,is by them propofed, appoint a mufler prefently for their punifhment "i and as foon as I 
 "that am Tribun- fhall begin to call the wards to give their voyces,fhall you that are Confuls,by 
 " and by fvvtar all the younger fort, prefs them to vvaifare, lead them forth unto the field, and 
 
 ''menace
 
 ) .8 The fourth Book^ ofT. Li vi us. 
 
 " menace the Commons,menace IfayvrbeTribun alfoPWhat ? It ye had not twi.'e already good ^ 
 ''■experiemCjbovv lutleihcfi; gc-diy chreatLot yours prevailed a^a-nrt the Cu nmons^whcn they 
 " agreed ?nd ItU' k together, it werelomewhat, Willyei"ay,tbat yefoibare toHrucyetendcred 
 " our "ood, ar.d for pity ("pared js ? Nay rather, to fay a truth, was aoc this the caule that no f ay 
 "was made, Fonhii thcliiongerlide was alio the more cool and mcuellerot the iwainrNeither 
 " (O Omrites) wiil there now, 1 warrant you, be any combate, nor blows dealt : they will al- 
 "- wayes aflay :',nd found, what liomacks and hearts ye have,but never will they feel your filh,and 
 " try how keen your I'words be. Therefore to thefe wars ^be they falfely pretended, or truly in- 
 ''decd reporfd) Oye Con'uls- the Commons are ready prell to follow you : provided alwayes, 
 '' that by granting them liberty of mutual marriage, ye wiil make at length this City one : that j 
 *'- thev may be linked , joyned and united unto you by private alliance and affinity: that hardy and 
 *^ valiant men may have MC'peandpoiribility,to honors and dignities: that they may be allowed , 
 <' fellowfhip and fociety in the Common-weal: Finally, that ('whii-h is due unto equal liberty) 
 "they may one with another in alternativecourfe, obey annual Magillrates, and be obeyed again 
 " in their tnrn^. If .'nyofyoufhallgainfay and withBand thefe conditions, prate Hill and talk ac 
 "' your pkafiire of wars : multiply and make them as many and as great as ye will ; There is Jiot 
 *' one lliall give his name, not one fliall take arms, not one fliall fight for thofe proud Lords, with 
 '' whom they can have neither tellowfhip of dignity in the Common-weal , nor alliance of mat- 
 *' riage in private eflate. Now when as the Confuls alfo were come forth intothe open affembly 
 oftbepeople,and that they fell on all hands from continued and long Orations, co ihort difpute JC 
 and altercation: theTribun demanded why a commoner might not attain to a ConfulfhipPUnto 
 whom the Conful returned an anfwer , as to the fubftance perhaps trnly , fofor the prelent con- 
 tention not very wifely and to the purpofe: Namely, becauie that no commoner had the Au- 
 fpices : which was the caule why the Decemvirs ordained diliinft marii ages, left upon a doubtful 
 and mingled illue, there iTiould follow a troubled confuhonof the Au:pi..es. Buthereat, the 
 Commons llormed and (lamped molt of all: that as odious men unto the immortal Cods, they 
 were flatly denied and deemed unworthy to obferve the flight and hnging of birds. And never 
 gave they over their hens of clamorous debate (whiles the Commons had gotten unto them a 
 moft fliarp Tribun to f^t them awork,and were themfelves in obllinacy no whit behind him^un- 
 tili at length the Nobles were overcome and driven togiani-, that the Law as touching marriage ^ 
 fhould pafs: fuppofing by that means eipecially. that rbe other Tribuns would either deangive 
 over their fuit for making commoners Confuls,or at iea'l wife put it otf,until the war were ended : 
 and that the Commons in the mean whik being well pleafed and contented with marriage among 
 the Nobles, would be willi.-g and ready to lev y a muher. Ccnulettu tor this Lis viftory dvei the 
 Nobles,and for the favours he gat among the Commom,became a great and mighty man.Whcre- 
 upon, the other Tribuns were kindled to rhelikecnmbate: and tor the proceeding of their Law 
 alto, indeavoured with all their rright and main. And albeit the rumour of the war encreafed daily 
 more and more, yet they binder the ley of Ibnidier.';. The Confuls feeing now tnat no decree 
 and ordercould pafs the"Senate-hou:e.by rea'on that the Tribuns interpofed their negative voyce: 
 took connlel together witli t'.,;ihicf of the Nobility at home in their private houles. And well j^| 
 they law that they muff yeeld either the victory to their enemieSjOrthe bntkler to their own ci- 
 tizens. Of all the Senators that had been Coff. only Valerius and Horatim were not prefent ac 
 theiecounrels. C. O :HdiM his opinion was, Tnac theConluls fhould putthemielvesin ,ums a- 
 gainlf the Tribuns : But the two O^ii.nr-, Cir.c-.nnattu and C;»^//o/;w,v/,abhorred all bloudflied and 
 violent proceedings cgainll thofe? whom by a iblemn covenant made with the Commons, they 
 had received and accepted for to be as fa.robinflandunviolable. But in thefe counlels they 
 grew to this point in the end that they fnffered military Tribi:ns of equal power with the Con- 
 fuls, to be cre.ited inditferently from oui ot'the Commons and Nobles: provided alwayes, that 
 as touching creation of the Confuls , there fhould be no alteration from the old manner afore- 
 time. And herewith were both Tribuns and Commons well fatisfied and contented. A general N 
 affembly thereforewasprocUimedfor the >.huf,ng of three Tribuns in Confuls autht-rity, which 
 being once publifhed : forthwith as m.^ny as had fpoken or done ought tending to fediiion, and 
 abo\ e all others thofe that had been Tribuns of the people, began in their whited robes co take 
 hold of men and run to and fro about the common place labouring for this dignity. At tbefirff, 
 the Nob'es partly in delpair ofobtniningtheplace(leeing the Commons fofet aflote) pardy for 
 difdain and indignation to bear any honourable office joyntly with them of fo bafe condition, 
 were I'cared and nff;ighred fom (landing therefore: atthelafl (but they were forced thereto 
 firlt by the heads and the ( hicf Lords of the Senate) they were content to be competitors and fui- 
 tersforthe dignity: left they might feem to be fully excluded forth of the pofleflion of the Com- 
 mon-weal, and leave it entirely for the Commons. The event and effctf of this Court, flbevved O 
 plainly, that mens minds nre otherwife affeffed in contending about liberty and dionity, than 
 prefently after I'uch contentions laid away- they are in weighing .md judging aright withourpalTi- 
 on and affection. For the people fatisfied herewith that there was ibme account made of the 
 Commoners, and that they were not fliut out, eleited military Tribuns all of the Nobles. This 
 modefly, this equity , this noble mind where fhall a man now adayes f nd in one perfori , which 
 then wastobefeen in the whole people? In the three hundreth and tenth ye.ir after the City of 
 Rome was founded , were the firft military Tribuns created , that bare office in the room of the 
 
 Con- 
 
 1
 
 The fourth Boo{ ofT^ Li vius. 1 1 < 
 
 j\ ConUils? to wit, ^. Semfronitis Aratinus^ L. AtttLus^ and C.Ctcditu : in whole government,con- Military Tri, 
 cord at home caufed alio peace abroad. There biir'vvriicrs who affirm, That upon oaaiion of the I'uns fi ft _ . 
 Veientian war, and the rebellion orthe Ardeats, bei-aul'e two ConUils were not able to manage ^'"led, wuh 
 fomany wars at on.e, therefore were three mi. itiry Tribunscholen: without making any men- ji,Q^i,y * '"" 
 tion of die Law puballied, tonterning e.eition Oi ComUiS ol the Commons : and that they were 
 inv eded both in the jurisdiilion, and aifo in the ornaments (A the Conluls. Howbeit, the exer- 
 cife of that government, Itood not fait and fure^ nor continued long. For within three moneths 
 after that cheyentred, they forewent their office, by ade.ree of the Angurs, as ifthere had been 
 iomc error mtheir creation. It was aliedged that C. Curi.itttti^ who was Prefdcnt ot that Court 
 g ofB.eilion, had taken his quarters amils for the oblervation oftheluckyfignsby flight of birds, 
 and not according to the AugUiS skiii. 
 
 Therecame from the Ardc.it , to Rome^ Embafladors, complaining of wrong received, in thefe 
 terms: That if it might be redrellcd, and amends made, and their grounds re(tored,tliey leemed 
 willing to abide hill in league and amity. Aniwcr was made them by the Senate,that the judgment 
 of the peop'e, already pahed, could not bereverled by the Senate, if it were i'o: nothing elfe but 
 for concord fake and agreement of the States : behdes, they had neither any precedent to lead 
 them thereto, nor Law and authority to warrant them. Marry, if the Ardeats would wait their 
 times and put to the Senates arbitrement and dif retion , the redrefs and ealemenc of their injury 
 pretended, it would come to pals, that in pro^efs oftime they fliould not repent of governing 
 ^ their paflions-and bridling their l holer: and fliould well know ,that the Nobles had a good regard, 
 that there fhould no wrong be offered unco their friends, as they were careful, that if any were 
 offered,it fliould not long continue. Thus the £mbuflaJors,promi!ing to make a true report, unto 
 their citizens of the matter, wholly as it was : were friend. ydifmified, and had their dif. h.rge. 
 
 The Senators feeing now the Commonweal, without any foveraign Magilkate of the chair and 
 of State, went together,and made an Interregent: and whiles they ftrove whether Confuls or Tri- 
 buns fliouid be created, the Interregent -ontinucd many dayes. The Interregerit and the Senate 
 laboured, that there fhould be an Eieition of Confuls : the Tribuns on the other fide, and their 
 Commonalty , were for the Tribuns Coniuiar. But the Sen.!tors prevailed, becaufe both the people 
 feeing they were to confer the one office or the other, upon the Nobles, furceafedto Hri-.eany 
 D more : and aifo the chief of the Commons, chofe rather to have that Eleftion, wherein they 
 fliould not be on e propounded, than w herein they were fi^re to take the repulfe, as unworthy. 
 The Tribuns alfo gave over to contend any longer to no purpofe, and without effe£l:, feemin» 
 thercbyfomewhattogratifyandpleafuretheLL. oftheSenate. So T'.^;»f//</^.<jr^^f«jtheIn- _ 
 terregent, cho.e for Confuls L. Papyr'ms MugiUnus, undL. Sempronius Atratim. Whiles thefe ^nagain^'*"' 
 were Confuls,the league with the Ardeats was renued. And this is the only evidence and proof, ^ ° ° 
 that they were Conluls that year.forthac neither in the ancient yearly records, nor in theCalen- 
 ders of the Magitt rates,they are found at all. I take it,becaufe the military Tribuns were created 
 in the beginning of that year : and therefore, although thefe Confuls were in their Head chofen, 
 yet their names were leftout,as if the other hadremained inofficethe whole year. 
 E Licinius Macer affirmeth, that they are mentioned both in the compofition with the Ardeats, 
 and alfo in the linen books or regilf ers \i\ the Church ot Jmo Momt.i. Albeit there had been fo 
 many terrors and bravados, threatnedfroffi the borderers, yetbbrh abroad and at home, all was 
 quiet. And whether Tribuns only , or Confuls alfo chofen in the room of Tribuns governed in 
 this year ; certain it is, that the next follov\ing, had Confuls M. Geganms Macerinm the fecond 
 time, and T. Qjintius Cupitoltms the fift time. This was the very yearwhen the Cenfors office 
 came up firft . A thing that role of a fmall beginning : which notwithlfanding afterwards, increafed 
 tothatheight, that ithad government ofthemanners and difcipline of the Romans: and under 
 the jurisdiftion thereotjthe Senate and Centuries of the order of'knights, the diainflion of wor- 
 fliip and fliameful difgrace, were reduced. Likewife, the furvey of publick and private i£difices, 
 _ F yea, and the tribute.', revenues and fnbfidies of the people oiRoms were at the difpofition, order- 
 ing, and difcretion of that office. The beginning of which thing arofe upon this occahon : For 
 that the people in many years fpace had not been afleffed and numbred.and feeing the Cenfe could 
 be deferred no longer, nor the Confuls (by reafon of wars, from fo many rations imminent) had 
 lei lure to go about and accomplifli th<;t bufinefs : the Senate therctbre made a motion that the 
 charge being pninful, and not for the Majeff y of Confuls to bufy themlehes in , required a fpecial 
 MaglHrate, and a peculiar offii:er by it felf. Under whom fliculd attend the Secretaries and 
 Cle'-ks: wholikewife fliould have the keeping and charge of the rolls and pub ick records: and at 
 whofe difcretion flioiild pafs the fcedules and inftruments of all Aflefments- The Senators there- 
 fore accepted gladly of this overture, although it wcrebut a trifling matter: yet becaufe there 
 G (hould be the more Magilkates of theNobility. Suppohng (I ween) it would come topafle, .iS 
 ( it proved indeed > that fhortly the power and wealth of thofe , who bare the office, fhould 
 win more authority and credit unto the thing. Yea, and the Tribuns alio made no great ado, 
 but liiffered it to pafs, being an office (as it was in truth, no other at that time) rather of nereffi- 
 ty nnd.utendance than offhew port, or honor: becaufe they would not feem to be crofs and 
 pee.illi inevery fmallmntter. When astherefore this dignity was of the principal of the City le- 
 fu'ed the people by their voyceschoferothar Office, P^prw and SfwprowW, of whofe Con- 
 lulfliip there was fome doubt: to the end, that by that jffice they might fupply and make np 
 
 the
 
 1 20 '^he fourth Bool^ofT, Livius. 
 
 Cenfors fi. ft the defea and mils of a Confuldiip. And of the exerciie and funaion it felf, Cenfors were they ^ 
 
 created. called. 
 
 Whiles thel'e thing's were a doing at Romci there came Embaffadors from Ardia., craving ?.s wel 
 in regard of cheir moll ancient amity, as alfo of the late league renued,theu: helping hand for their 
 City°vvelnigh undone and overthrown. For, peace f which wifely and by right good advifethey 
 had kept alid maincained with the people of i^owf) they might not enjoy at home, by reafon of 
 inward debate and domelfical quarrels. The caufe and beginning whereof, as it is reported, arofe 
 from hding and fa£fions, which have been and will be to molt States more pernicious, than for- 
 rain warsfthan famine or plague,or other adverfitiesjwhich men attribute to theanger and wrath 
 of God, as the extremity of all pubHck calamities whatfoe^er. There was a maid, aCommoners 
 daughter and no better, by birth, but for her rare beauty of fingularnote and pafling renown: 
 whom two young men were fuiters unto. The oneofthefameconditionoreftate that the maid 
 was of) and who relied upon her guardians and tutors,who alio were of that degree and calling: 
 the other a Gentleman, enamoured on her , only for her beauty. As for him, he had the good 
 wills of the bell in the City, by whofe means the ftrife of partaking, entred even into the houfeof 
 the Damofel. For the Gentleman in the Mothers judgment, was the more welcome and bettec 
 liked of, whofe dehre was, that the maid fhould be preferred by marriage, andbemoft worfhip- 
 fully bellowed. The Guardians alfo banded ihemfelves, and laboured for theirpariy. But when 
 as the matter might not be ended within dores, it came to fuit in Law. And when the reafous 
 and allegations were heard, both oftheMother,and alfo of the Guardians,the Judges pronoun- jc 
 ced fentence of marriage to be at the difpofition of the Mother. But might prevailed more than 
 right. For the Tutors aforefaid, openly in the marketplace of the City, having amongft thofe of 
 their party and ftaion. complained of that injurious award , with atroupofmenby force , fee 
 the maid out of the Mothers houfe. Againft whom arofe a fironger power of the gentry, and 
 following the young Gentleman , who was incenfed and fet on fire upon this injury offered. 
 Whereupon infued a cruel fray. The Commons being defeated , went forth f far unlike to the 
 Commons o^Ro-itk) armed as they were out of the City, and took for their hold aHill, and i«- 
 vaded the Lands of the Nobles with fire and fword : and having gathered to them a multitude of 
 Artifansand handicrafts men, whom in hope offpoil they had called forth, they purpofe and pre- 
 pare to befiege the City alfo , which aforetime had been altogether unacquainted with the like ^ 
 ftorms. In fuch fort, as no kind of calamity that followeth war, was wanting : as if the poor City 
 had been tainted, infefted , and poifoned with the furious madnefs of two brain-fick young men, 
 feeking a woful and deadly marriage, with the utter ruin and deftruaion oftheir native Country, 
 And neither pare thought it enough to war and fight at home among themfelves. For the Nobles 
 foLicited the Romans for to refcue their befieged City : the Commons flirred up the Volfcians, to 
 help to force and fack the City. The Volfcians under the condua of t^qum CluUius came firft to 
 ArAe.t., and againft the walls of their enemies, railed a countermure, and calt a trenchjand block- 
 ed the Town round about. Which tidings being brought to /Jowe/orthwith M.Geganius Conful, 
 went forth with an army, and incamped himfelfthree miles from the enemies : and the day being 
 now far fpent and drawing toward night ,hecommandeth his fouldiers to refrefh and make much y^ 
 cf themfelves, aud take their reft: and afterwards at the relief of the fourth watch , he brought 
 forth his enfigns, let his men to work, and fped his bufmefs once begun, fo that by the fun-rifing, 
 the Volfcians might fee themfelves invefted more ftreightly by the Romans, then the City be- 
 leaguered by them. And on another fide the Conful had joyned a fconce to the wall of Ardea,hY 
 wh^ich way his fouldiers might go and come in fafety. The Captain of the Volfcians, who had to 
 that day prepared no viauals , but fuftained his army only with the corn which he had for the 
 prefent from day to day robbed by forraging the Country, feeing himfelf intrenched, and of a 
 fudden to be deftitute of all things, called the Confulforth to emparle,faying, That if the Romans 
 coming was to raife the liege, he would remove and diflodge from thence. To which again the 
 Confufmadethis reply, That vanquiflied men were to take, and not to make Articles of Condi- N 
 tions : neither fli ould they, as they were come at their pleafure to affault the allies of the Romans, 
 fo depart again when they lift to Fo/fci- He commandech therefore to yeeld their General, to lay 
 down their weapons, confefling themfelves overcome, and to be at his devotion, Otherwife he 
 would be a bitter and mortal enemy unto them, whether they departed or tarried ftil, and carry 
 home to i?<j»»« the viaory of the Volfcians, rather than their faithlefs peace. The Volfcians,when 
 they had affayed that fmall hope they hadin their weapons (iouahbope elfe was cut off) befides 
 all other things that were crofs unto them, encountred in a place of great difadvantage for fight, 
 bl3t worfe for flight: and feeing themfelves on every fide beaten down and {lain, turned from 
 fighting to intreating, delivered up theirCaptain, yeelded their weapons, were driven under the 
 Gallow^s,and in their (ingle doublet and hofe with great fliame and calamity, were let goandfent O 
 away. And fitting them down to reft themfelves, not far from the Town Tp-fcHlumihz Tufculans 
 upon an old grudge and hatred againft them, fet upon them thus difarmed and naked as they were 
 at unawares, and were fo meet with them, that fcar^ely there remainedany one to carry news of 
 their ill day and unfortunate overthrow. Then the Roman Cof. appealed thetroublesat Ardea: 
 beheaded the chief Captains of that commotion, and confifcated their goods to the common 
 cheft and Chamber of the Ardeats. And fo by this great favour and benefit of me people o'i Rome, 
 they fuppofed the injury of the former arbitrement was done away and recompenfed. But yet 
 
 the
 
 7 befourtb Boo\ofT. Livius. 12 j 
 
 A the Senac oiRome-, thought fomewhac behind Hill for the cancelling of the memorial of publick 
 
 avarice. The Conlul returned, triumphing into the City, leading Clmlmsxhz Captain of the Vol- See ihe end of 
 f.ianj before his chariot, with the fpoil born afore him of the enemies, whomhehaddifarmed ta=totuier ' 
 and brought undei the yoak. Oj<i/7r//« the Confui again for his part, in his long robe and oown ^°''''' 
 of peace, countervailed (a thing not ufuajly feen) the glory of his Colleague in his bright armor: 
 who had To great regard at home to entertain concord and peace among the Citizens" by mini- 
 iiring jullice indifferently, as wel to the highelt as to the loweif , that the Senators reputed him 
 afevere Conful, and the Commons accounted him as meek and gentle a perfon. And more he 
 won at the Tribuns hands by countenance and reputation, than by contention and debate. His 
 gtiveConfulfiiips wherein he carried himlelf after one and the fcif fame manner and o-^der : the 
 courfe of his whole life, eierConiul-like, caufed his perlonto be in a manner more rev ercn'.ed 
 then his honourable plaie. By this means, whiles thefe were Confuls, no words were made of 
 milinry Tribuns. Tncn treated they for Confuls M, Fal-nts VibuUnus, and Pofllmmim Ehuum 
 Coraicjn. Thefe Confuls-, by how mu.h greater .md more glorious the adfs both at home and a- 
 broad, wereatchieuedbythofe, whom they fa w they were to fucceed (and furely that year was 
 right memorable among the borderers, as well allies as enemies, and namely, becaufe the Arde- 
 atsinfo hard dilirefs-were by them fuccoured^fo much the more earneftly endeavoured for their 
 part, to raze out of mens tninds the infamy of that judgement aforefaid, and made an Ait and 
 Decree of the Senat in this form , 7 hat for as much as the City of the Ardeats , by rer,[on of Ovil 
 Qtrotdks, was dtfpeof!edj:nd irottght to afmallnumberofCUix^Kns-, there fhould be enroUedcertain in- 
 habita-ntsto lefent thttherfor aGarr^fon-f anddcfence agairfi theVolfcians. This was openly in- 
 groffed in publick Tables, and Inflruments , for a policy, that their fecret intent and purpofe of 
 rever!lnganddifanuliingthearbitrement,mightnot be perceived by the Tiibuns and theCom- 
 mons. But they clofelycomplotted, thatwhen they had enrolled a far greater number ofRutiii- 
 ansthanof Romans, for to inhabit Ardea.^ neither fliould any other lands be divided, but thofe 
 whi'.h by that infamous and unhoneft award were intercepted: nor that one foot or clod of 
 ground iliouid be afligned to any other Roman, before the whole lands were parted among all 
 theRutilians. Thus the domain that had been in queftion, returned againto the Ardeats. The 
 Triumvirs for the conveying of a Colony to Ardea. were created thefe, Agripp.t Menemti'^ T. 
 £j Clcelius Sicftlpts, and M. Ebutius Helua.VJho, belides that, they offended the Commons by their 
 ready lervice and nothing popular, in regard, that they afligned and fet out to their allies that 
 land which the people of iJ^we judged their own, were not well thought of neither, by the chief 
 of the Nobility : becaufe in the execution of their charge, they did nothing ofaffedfion, and for 
 favour. Ho wbeit they avoided all troubles and dangers that were toward them (albeit they were 
 accufed by the Tn'ouns before the people.) For when they had regilf red and placed the Coloners, 
 they remained If ill chemfelves in the fame Colony, which they had as vvitnefs of their innocen- 
 cy, and jult dealing. 
 
 In this year, and the year following-, when Cmts Fnrim Pacilim And Marcus Papirias Craffus 
 were Confuls. there was peace at home and abroad.The plays which had been vowed by theDs- 
 ■g :emvirs, according to the Senats decree, during the time of the Commons infurreil:ion and de- 
 parture from the NobIes,\vere this year fet forth. /'it;//;^ fought for fome occafion offedition^but 
 in vain.Who being made Tribun the fecond time,albeit he harped ff il upon one ftrin" ,and threat- 
 ned the felf fame things that he had before, yet he could not bring about, that the Confuls fliould 
 propofe unto the Senat, concerning the divihon of lands among the Commons : and when as with 
 great ado he had obtained thus much, that the Senators fliould be moved and their opinions as- 
 ked, whether they would have an election of Confuls or Tribuns (Confular redetermined it was 
 at length, that Confuls Iliould be chofen. So, that the menaces of the Tribun, that he would hin- 
 der themuRer, was a ridiculous matter of game: feeing that when the borderers were at quiec, 
 there was no need either of war or preparation for war. After this great quietnefs of the State, 
 p foUowcth a year (wherein Peoc/.'/^x Gea^ain^s AIaceri»tfs, and L.A^efjeuius La>!;Ufiswe:c Confuls^ 
 for fnndry calamities and perils memorable: namely. Seditions, Famine, and hazard of receiving 
 upon their necks the yoak of Kings rule again and chat, by the fweetnefs of a Largefs. There wan- 
 ted only forraign war: wherewith if the Common- weal had been affliftcd too, hardly could the 
 help ofall the gods above, have recovered the State. Thefe calamities began with hunger. But 
 whether it were, for thatthe year was unfeafonable for corn, or that they were fo in love with 
 the plaufible and leditious Orations, and of the City it felf, that they flighted and neglefled the 
 Tillageof their ground, it is uncertain. For both the one and the other is reported. TheLords 
 ofthe Senat blamed the idlenefs of the Commons: and the Tribuns of the Commons laid the 
 weight, one wh'le upon the fraud and naughtinefs, another while upon the negligence and remif- 
 GnefsoftheConfuls. At the lift. thecommonersenforced and dravethe people (but not againft 
 the will ofthe Senate) to chufe L. Minnt'.us Mailer ofthe provifion or principal purveior of corn 
 and viduals : a man who in that office proved mo;e lucky to preferve the liberty ofthe City then 
 happy in the exerciiV or mmilfery of his charge : albeit atthe latter end, he deferved andhid, 
 both praifeand thanks-, for bringing down the price of Corn. Who, notwithftanding many Em- 
 baffageslent both by fea and land to the neighbor nations round about, and all to little purpose 
 (• ut that out oi Hetry.r'.t there was brought fome little fprinkling of Corn) nothing eafed and 
 mended the Market .' and therefore h« turned again to the dilpeniing or dealing the prefent dearth 
 
 M indifferently
 
 n2 
 
 1 he fourth Boo\of TSJivms, 
 
 indifferently among all,by forcing every man to confeffe what corn he had, to open his garners, H 
 to brin" ic forth, to vent and feilthat, which he had more then would ler-e a month. But wden 
 bv this praaife, and by defrauding fervants a portion of their dayly lood. and by accar,ngthe 
 corn-muncers and expofing them to thefurious ire of the people, he had with all his hard cour- 
 {es and fharp inquifitwns rather laid open then cafed the prefent need snd neceflity : many of the 
 common people defpairino of all hope, rather then they wou'd live thus mi.erabiy tormented, 
 pinin'^and wearingawaym hunger, covered their heads, and threw them.elves headlong into 
 Tyl-ej^ Then Sp.-AJdins-, by calling a Knight or Gentleman oiRame, a man ('as in thoied.iy<:) ex- 
 ceeding rich, emerprifed a thing, commodious I muli needs fay^buc a difhoneli precedent of dan- 
 crerous^confequence, and proceeding ot a worfe mind and intent of his. For having with his own i: 
 mony bought up the corn out of ii«r«r/Vi by the means of his friends and vaflals, whofe mmi- 
 firy heufed: which thing (I believe verily) was an hindrance that all the publick care and provi- 
 dence tpoic fmall etfea, and nothing helped the general want and fcarcity, he de\ ifed to bring up 
 a free dole and dillribution of corn: and to the end that when he had once by this benefit and 
 liberality won the hearts of the Commons, then he might, what way foever he went carrying a 
 port and majerty with him above the degree ofa private perfon,draw after him a train ofthe peo- j 
 pie, promifino him by their favour of lupport, undoubted and affured hope of a Confuifhip. But 1 
 himfelf(as m'ans nature is unfatiabie) not content herewith, afpircd to higher matters then for- 
 tune promifed him, and thofe unlawful, and beyond his reach. And for as much as even the very 
 Confullhipwa? to be wrelledfiuui the Nobles againrttheir wills, he p.otced tomake himielt a K 
 Kino and thought that, the only guerdon due for fo deep reaches and dehgn5,and worthythat 
 oreaTconiention and If rife which he was to abide with much toil and Iweat of brows. Now 
 drewtheEleaionon apace for Confuls, which thing prevented him afore he had brought his 
 devices to full ripenefs and perfection. Conful was created L. QHintius Capitolitius the fixth cinie, 
 a man moft unfit for his turn,that fhould go about innovations and to change the ttace:and with 
 him was joined Aariffn Menemus^ furnamed Lanaius. And L. Mmutius-, was either made again 
 the maff er \ i6lualle\- ,cr elfe created he was at firff without limitation oftime,to continue fo long 
 as the cafe fliould require. For there is no certainty thereof, but only the name of Corn-ma{fer, 
 recorded both years in the linnen Books or Rcgiliers among other MagiBrates. This MiumtHi 
 was vigilant and ?s careful fortheCommon-weal, as yl/i/wforhisprivate wealth: and upon oc- L 
 cafion that m:n of the fame quality, to witjthe Commons, were converfant in both hoHfes,name- 
 Iv in his own and in the houfe'of Melius^ he came to the knowledge by their means, ot Melius 
 his treafon : and declared unto the Senat the whole complot. Namely, That there was armor and 
 weapons good If ore earned into the houle ot Melius : that he kept conventicles there, and made 
 feditious Orations, and that it was p^ft all peradventurethat he pratSifed to be King. As for the 
 timeofworkin" the feat and to put it into acl;ion, as yet it was not determined and certainly 
 knovvn : all other thin'4^ were already agreed upon. Item^ that the Tribuns were bribed and hired 
 to fell and betray the liberty ofthe City : That to certain Captains ofthe multitude divers char- 
 ges were appointed. And herewithal, hee^cufed himlelf fand fnd) Thatbecaufe he would not 
 be reputed the author of any uncertain orvainintelligen.e, he uttered thefe matters fomewhat M 
 with the latelf , and later well-neer, then might (f and with the common fafety of the Weal-pub- 
 lick. Which news after they were heard, and that on every fide the chief Senators had giv en both 
 the Cofl. o'the former year a che^k, for that they had fuffered thofe Largefles of corn, and tolle- 
 rated meetin'-'s ofthe Commons in a private houi'e : and rebuked the new Confuls alfo. tor that 
 they had liay-ed fo long and waited till a matter of fo great importance was by the corn-ma;fer 
 deteffed and declared unto the Senate, which required a Cof. tobenot only the informer, but 
 alfo the reformer: Then T. ^«/»f/7«anfwered,Th.n the Confuls were blamed without juffcaufe, 
 who bein" bridled with the laws of appealing, tending; to the great prejudice and dii'anulling of 
 their foveraign government, had not commiffion fiiffident by vercue of their place, to punifli the 
 thine according to the hainoufneffe and quality thereof, as they hnd counge and heart thereto : N 
 and °hat there was need now, not only ofa valiant and (tout man, but alfo of one that was freed 
 from all bonds of laws and tied to none.And therefore he would name L.QtuntiHi forDidfator: 
 in whom there was courage anfwerable to that abfoliue authority.When all men iiked wel ther- 
 oi^Qttintiffi himfelf at the firtf refuted : demanding what they meant, to objeif and expofe him, 
 an unweldy mnn& fo farltept in years, tofogreat trouble, and manifefl danger. Afterwards,when 
 as they replied on all h.•:nd^, and alkdged how in that heart of his for all his age there was more 
 valour, and in his head more policy then in all men behdes ; heaping on him right due and de- 
 ferved prai'es- and commend uions ; and whiles the Conful alio importuned him ftill and gave 
 not over : then (?'•'£•//;/;.««/, after he had prayed to the gods immortal, that his decrepit old age in 
 fo fearful a cafe, might not turn either to theloffeor diflionor ofthe Commonwealth, was by q 
 the Conful pronounced Diifator. And hetorthwich nominated C. ScrvUhts K/^/d General ofthe 
 horfemen. The morrow after .when hehadfct and difpofed certain guirds,in divers places ofthe 
 City, and was come down into the common placc:the common per^ple w ndring at the ftrange- 
 neffeof the matter, had their eyes upon him: and theadherents and compiicesof Mdins, and 
 he himfelf their Captain, faw well that the t'orceand power of this fo ^reat a ra-'gifhate was bent 
 aoain(\ them. But they that were not acquainted with tbofeplotsandderign< x^ t tended ro the 
 feitinoup ofaKin^, asked one another, what tumult or I'udden war, fliouid require either a 
 "^ ^ • Diaators
 
 The fourth Bool\ofT, Livius* 12 } 
 
 The Oratioa 
 
 nihil us 
 
 A Dictators majefty, or that .^«/«f/«/ after fourfcore years of age, fnould be the only Ruler 
 of the City. With that, <Sf^z;///«j the General of the horfemen was by theDidacorfenc 
 to MeliHJ' Who laid unto him, The Dictator calleih thee. Whereat he being airaid, 
 asked again. What he would? and ^tri'/Z/w laid, That he was to make his anlwer and pur - 
 o-acion, of a crime that .Mtnuttw had informed againlt: him,betore the Senat. Then AiiLms be- 
 gan to retire himfelfe back into the rout of his followers, ard looking about at the hrlt, 
 Ihrunk only away from him, and rehifed to obey. Ac the lalt the Apparitor at the general 
 ofthe horfemens commancment, began to lone him to go with him : but he being re- 
 fcuedby the It anders by, found his feet and begantofly, and befought rhe aidol tlie Com- 
 g monalty of Ao^/f : faying, That the faction of the Nobles tonlpircd his overthrow, and 
 peifecuted him for the good he had done unto the Commons, and for his liberality be- 
 liovved upon them: bceeching them to help him in that extremity, and not to lurtcr 
 him to be murdered afore their lace and in their very fight. Ashefpake thele words, //.<- 
 la SerVilms overtook him, and killed him out-right: and being iprinkled with his blood 
 thus (lain, and guarded with a company of tall Gentlemen of the Nobility, he bringeth 
 word totheDiitator, how Melius being cited to come unto him, put back the Appari- 
 tor ,and raifed the multitude:and now had fuftered due pnnifhments for his defcrts. Then 
 (quoth the Diitator) On forth in this valor and vertue of thine, OC. 5rrw//»^3 thou de- 
 ferveft great prai(e, and haft delivered the Common- wealth this day from tyranny. Then 
 Q as the multitude murmured and made a ftir upon fome doubt, what they iliould think of 
 thefait, and what might be the occafion thereof; he comm.anded them to affemble 
 together, and openly avowed the deed, and pronounced that Melius was ;uftly (lain: 
 yea, albeit he had been cleerfrom feeking to be King: for that being fummoned and con- 
 vented before the Diflator, and that by the General of the horfemen, he refufed and came 
 
 not: '* for fpy felf (quoth he) wasfet judicially to examine and enquire ofthe caufe : and ^^% _ 
 
 *'upon the trial thereof, Melius fliould have fped no worfe then his caufe deferved: but ,he Diftator, 
 " becaufe he went about by violence to withdraw himfelf from judgment, by vio!en:e to rhe pcurk 
 "therefore was he reft rained. Neither was he to be proceeded againft as aCitizen, who <^< K^me- 
 ''beinobc^rninafree ftate, wherejuliice and law were in force : and in that City, where- 
 in," out he was not ignorant that the KK. vvere fometimes expelled : and where in one and 
 '' the fame year, CoHatmHs fifters fors, and the fons of that Cof. that was deliverer of 
 *' his Country, detesftedofacomplot and confpiracy of receiving again into the City the 
 *'KK. blood, were by their own father beheaded: out of which City, TanjuinlusCol- 
 *■'■ Litims Qoi for the deteftation only ot the name, being commanded to give up his office, 
 •'fuffered exile : in which City, many years after 5^). C^iffms forpraftiling and plotting onely 
 " to be King, fuffered condigne punifhment: wherein alfo of lace time, the Decemvirs, 
 *' for a tyrannical pride, where deprived of their goods, banilhed their country, and bereft 
 "ot their lives. That in the fame City ( I fay ) Sf. Melius, fliould conceive any hope 
 "of reaching to a Kingdom ? Andaman (Ipray you)ofwhatquaatyand condition? And 
 p" yet, no gentility of birth, no dignities nor deferts were fufficient to make way to any ^ .^ 
 
 '^ for lordly rule and tyranny, Howbeit, the 'C/"«^;/and C^^i, byreafonof theConlul- ^'^ ' ^^"^ 
 " Ihips and Decemvirfhips of their own, by reafonot the honourable eftate and repucati- 
 "onoftheiranceftors, and the worfhip and glory of their linage, took upon them, be- 
 *' came haughty and proud, and afpired to that, whereuntoi'p. yJ-/^//;*/ had no fuch means 
 " to induce him : whomight have fit him down, well enough, and rather wiflied and 
 "prayed to God, then hoped once for fo much, as a Tribunfhip of the Commons. And 
 «' fuppofed he, being but a rich corn-mafter, that with a quart (' or meafure of corn of 
 "twopounds) he had bought the freedom of his fellow Citizens? orthought heby ca- 
 "fting morfels of bread and viftuals afore the common fort, that the vivilorious people, 
 F" conquerers of all nations about them, might be allured into thraldom ? and whom the 
 '' City could hardly brook to be a Senator, him theyfl-iould endure their King, to have 
 "the regal enfigns and the government of Romulus-, the firft lounderof the City, de- 
 '' fcended firft from the gods, and to them afcended up again; why, it wasathingnocfo 
 " wicked as monftrous. Neither was this a6t fufficiently fatisfied for, with the ftiedding 
 " of his blood, unlefsthe houfe and walls, within which fo horrible madnefs was conceived 
 "and forged, were caft down and razed : and unlefs tbele goods, whi.h vvere tainted and 
 " infe(5led with the prices and hire that fhouldhave purchafed the Kingdom, vvere forfeit '[j^lJ^^^g'^'"] 
 *'and confifcate. He commanded therefore the QLieftors , to fell thole goods- and yji^d:ui"^Ka- 
 to bring the monyinro the common Treafury. And then he caufcd forthwith his dvvel- m-n ^lesrurc, 
 cling houfe to be overthrown and madeevcn with theground, that the plot or floor thereof, coneaining ». 
 might be a monument of a wicked attempt, fmothered and ftifled in the very hope and ^[^J" ""'jl,'" * 
 hatching thereof. This is the place which was called afterwards %/£quin>clium. As for ':.. l",ur'th'p„'', of 
 Minutius he had an Ox with guilded horns given him for an honour and reward without twrf.?; i.u&cl/ 
 the gate Tn^emrn t. The Commons therewith were not mifcontented , for that to or w'«'Wi,|- 
 them he divided Me/tus his corn, at the price of one * Afs a * Modiui. Among fome aurhors; (^''^ ^"'=* 
 
 a> 
 
 of
 
 U4 
 
 7 he fourth BooJ\ofT,hvvms, 
 
 Telumniiii 
 murdercth the 
 Roman Em- 
 biffidors. 
 
 1 
 
 * A river now 
 'ailed Ttveron, 
 
 1 find, that this Mimtim (oiiookihe Nobles and went to the Commons, and was taken h 
 in to be the eleventh Tribun of the Commons , and appeafed the mutiny tlsat arofe 
 vf or) Meluis his death. But it was not like that the Senators fuffered the number of the 
 Tribunsto beencreafed: andefpecially, that fuch an example {hould be given and taken 
 upby a man of their coat: or that thecommonaky would not keep it ftill, if it had been 
 once allowed, or at leattwife attempt it again. But above all, this confuteth and reproveth .. 
 the falfe tide of Tribune fet upon his image, for that ji few years before, it was by a (htute 
 exprefiy provided, That Tribuns might not chufe and take unto them a Colleague inof- 
 fice. ^ CeciUus, and Q^ Jmins, and Sextus Xitinim were the Only men of all the Colkdge 
 of Tribuns that propounded not the Law for the honour of Minntms , but rather acculed i . 
 unto the Commons, both MtmtiHsand Servdttu^ and ceafed not lo make complaint of the 
 cruel and unworthy death oi Altltm : and in fine prevailed lo much, that there fhould be an 
 eledion for military Tribuns rather then for Confuls : nothing doubting, but if fix were cho- 
 fen (forfo many at that time might be created^ fome of the Commons alfo, by promifing 
 to revenge the death of yTY^A«^, might ftep in and be elected. The Commons for all they 
 were tolled that year with many and fundry troubles,chofe no more then three Tribuns with 
 Confuls authority ; and among them, L. ^imins the ionoi Cmcinnatus'. Upon the hard 
 conceitand hatred of whofeDidatorliiippatt, they thought topick fome occahon of quar- 
 rel and tumult : and Mamerca^ E^myliw^ a man of great credit and reputation^ was by voi- 
 ces preferred afore ^«/«/Wj and obtained the firlt place. And L.Juhus they created for the K 
 third. 
 
 Whiles thefe bare foveraign rule, Fideneihz Colony of the Romans, revolted to Lars 
 TolHtnniHSy theKingoftheVeientians, and to the State of the Veientians. And befides 
 their revolting, a more horrible fa£l they committed. For at theiommandment oxlolum- 
 ftiiis, they flew C. Fnlciwus-, and C. Jdms, Sp, Nauttus, and L. Rofcms the Roman Em- 
 bafladors, who came to demand the caufc of this their change and fudden alteration. Some 
 here do excufe and elevate the aft oft he King, fayingthatupon a luckycalf ofdicehe utter- 
 ed a doubtful fpeech, which was by the Fidenatians fo taken, as though hefeemed to bid 
 'the Embaffadours to bekilled, and that (forfooth) was the occafion of murdering the Em- 
 bafladours ^a thing intredible, thatat thecomming in of the Fidenatians, his new allies, l 
 who were to confulcwith him and askhis advice, about a murder that fliould break the 
 law of Nations, his mind fhould not be turned away from earnell (ludying about his game) 
 andfothishainousf^ftprovethtobebutanerror. More credible it is, that he had a fur- 
 ther meaning and deeper reach : namely, that the people of the Fidenatians fliould be bound 
 unto him, and only rely upon him, being attaint with the guiliineffe of fo foul a murder, 
 and not to look and hopeforany mercy or favour at the Romans hands. Theflatues of thefe 
 Embaffadors which were at Fidene murdered, were fet up openly at the charges of the City 
 mihz Roftr a. \^Afubhck^croJf»((!sitwere) or pulpit in Koms, out of which the A^apflratet 
 nitlde Orations to the people-, beautifudwiththe l>eakJjeadsof(hips and their brafen pikes called 
 Eoffra.'] Thus was there like to be a cruel conflift with the Veientians, and Fidenates. M 
 Who befides thatthey were people confining on their frontiers, had alfo in the beginning 
 of their war given fo wicked and horrible a caufe of quarrel. Therefore when as the com- 
 mon people and their Tribuns, in regard of the care for the publick State, were at quiet; 
 there was no quefl ion, but that Af. Ge^anitts Afacerixusthe third time, and L, Ser^iw Ft' 
 de;iM ( namad {\ fuppore)fo, uponthe war which afterwards under his condnft was fought) 
 flionld be created Confuls. For this manfirft encountred with the King of the Veientians 
 onthisfide * Anio, andgatthevi£lory: but not without much bloodfhed of the Ro- 
 mans. So that the grief was greater forthelofs of his own fouldiers, then the joy for the 
 difcomfiture of his enemies. And the Senate, as in all fearfultimes and dangerous oci urr^nts. 
 ordained Mamercus &myltus to be created Diftator. Who, out of the brotherhcod ofjsj 
 Tribuns military in Confuls authority, the year before, named for the General of hishorl'e- 
 men, L.QuintiusCincimatpts, who had been a Tiibun with him, a toward young Gentle- 
 man, anda worthy fon of fo worthy a father. To thofe fouidiers that were by the Con- 
 fulmurtered and levied, were the old Centurions, experienced and skilful warriers, ad- 
 joined: and the number of thofe, which in that laft battel wereflain, was fupplied. The 
 Dii^ator commanded to follow him as Lieutenants, Quintms Capitolims^ and M, FiiLius 
 Vt'tihrns. This greater power and authority, andtheman hkewife nothing thereto inferi- 
 our, drave the enemiesout of the Roman ground, and fet them fartherotf, evenbc7ond J 
 jlnio. Who removing their camp (fill backward, feized upon the hills between Fidene and ^ 
 Anio: neither durft they come down from thence into the open plains, before th at the Le-Q 
 oions of the Falifci came to fuccour. Then at length, the Tufcans encamped themfelves un- 
 der the walls o{ Fidene. And the Roman Did ator likewife refted and abode upon the banks 
 of the Confluent (where both rivers run into one) and flanked himfelf thereby. And when 
 he had crft up a trench and rampart afront, reaching acrofs from the one river to the other, 
 the morrow after he brought his power forth j and fet them in order of battel. The ene- 
 mies
 
 The fourth Bool^ofT. Livius. i2< 
 
 A mies were of fundry minds. The Falifcuns, who hardJy could away long wich military 
 fervice farre from home, and crufting wichal in their own felves, chat they were good e- 
 noiighj required battel. The Veicntians and Fidcnates had more hope in drawing out 
 the war onienoth. Toiumfiius, albeit the advice ot his own men liked him better, yet be- 
 came the Falikiansfiiouldnoc endure lingring warfare, fendeth a crumpet, and proclameth 
 battel againLUhe morrow. The Didhtor and the Romans, for that the enemies forthc 
 prelVnt fliifced offfight; took more heart unto them : and on the next morning, when as 
 now the fouldiersgave out brave v/ords, and menaced, That uniclle they might have bat- 
 tel- they would affault both the Camp and the Town: thearmies of both pares came forth 
 B into the midli of the plain, betweenchetwo Camph. Tne Veieniians, as being more in 
 number and 'having to fpare, fenc covertly out certain companies to fetch a compals behind 
 the Hills, who inthe time oftheconflidcfhoulSfet upon the Roman Camp. And in this 
 order Hood the main Army of three Nations together embattellcd. The Veiencians kepc 
 the right point, the Falifcians the left, and the Fidenates the middle of the battel. The Di- 
 dator in the right point advanced his (landard againft ihe Falifcian.^, and on the left Cap.tc- 
 //«;;/ ^«/»/'«icharged the Veientianj : and againlhhe main battel between both, marched 
 iheCoronelof theCavalry, VYich his Cornets of horfe. Thus as they Hood arranced in 
 battel array, for a pretty while was there hlence oneitherfide, and all quiet. For neither 
 would theTulcan«; begin firft, unleffe they were urged: And the Ditibtor looked ever and 
 (; anon baikward toward the Capitol of ,^tf»;c, that the Augurs fl-iould fee up a (ignal aloft 
 (as it was agreed between them) fo foor\ as the flight ot fowls gave approbation accord- 
 ingly : which he no foonerefpied, but he put out prefendy the men of arms-, \vith a great 
 fhoucagainrt the enemies. The army of the footmen followed hard after in the tail, 
 and feconded them with a lurty charge. But on no band were the Tufcan legions able to a- 
 bide the force of the Romans, The Cavalry Hood hardeit to it, and made head Hill, 
 TortheKinghimfelfe, the beft horfeman and moH valiant of them all, when as on every 
 iidc his enemies charged and preflcd fore upon him, rode afront them, held out and main- 
 tained fight. There chanced then tobc among the Roman horfemen, a Tribune or Mar- 
 fiial, one ^, C',r»tlifsCofiis, agoodly tall man of body, and as valiant and Hrongwith- 
 jj al, who fee before his eyes the noble houfe from whence he was defcended, and "carried 
 this mind, as it was right honourable already by hisanceHors left him, fo to recommend 
 the fame to his poHericymore glorious and renowned. This man feeing the troops ot Ro- 
 mans wavingto and fro, forfear of the violence of T<?/«»;;z/«^, which way ibeverhe bent 
 andcumedi and knowing him by his rich and royal furniture, wherein he bare himfelflike 
 a brave Knight, riding all over the battel. " Is this (quoth he) the forl'worn breaker ot 
 '•humane league, is thrshethathath viol^cd thelaws of arms, and ofnations ? Now 
 "■will I prefendy, if it be Gods wiil that any thing in thewcrlJ lliould rvjmain wholly and 
 '■•iuviobte, behisPrieft, I will facrifice and betake him tothe gholls of ourEmbafladors 
 ''• dece.ifed. Herewith, letting fpurs to his horie, wich bent IpearinreH, he rode full a- 
 E gainH that one enemy, hngledirom the reft; fmote him, and difmour.ted him from hi. t 
 horfe. Then bean'ng upon his Haff, alight prefendy en foot, and as the King was getting 
 iipagain, heoveithrew himbackward with the bots of his target, and laid him Hretching' 
 long Sc alter many wounds given him, at length faHned him with his fpear to the very ground. 
 And when as he was once dead, hedifarmedanddifpoiledhim, andHruck oft his head: and,-/ 
 carrying it aloft on his lance, prefented a fearful fpeclacle to the enemies of their King 
 flain, andfo dif.omfited thum. Thus was the Hrength of the horfsmen defeated alfo, 
 •which only had made the battel doubtful. The Didator havingput likewife the legions of 
 footmen to flight, purfued them Hill, and dravethemto theirtorr, killing them al! the way 
 inthe chafe. Many of the Fidenates which knew the coaHs of che'Conntry, fled into the 
 F mountain?, and efcapcd. Coff'ns with his horfemen pafled o\QzTyk-r^ and brought home inco 
 thcCityagreatbcoty out ofthecountryof the Veiencians. As this battel was in fighting, 
 there wasaskirmiflvalfo in the Roman camp, with that part of the forces, which (a?; it is a- 
 forefaidj wasfentby Te/z/w^w/^.Jto furprifeit. l-abiusVibfiljnus firH defended the ramparcj' 
 ordering his men all within, in compafs like a garland : and while the enemies were wholly 
 'ijent about the aflau'it, he with the Tr':arii or fouldiers ot the rereward, fuddenly iifued 
 forth at thegate, called /'r/'w/p.'/if, on the right hand, and gave anhot charge upon them ; 
 Upon which they were affrighted, but there enfued the lefs llaughter, becaufe the number 
 waslrnalier. Howbeir, they fled nolefle indifarray, thanthofe in the very battel. Thus 
 the Dlclr.cor having profpcrous fuccefs every where,returncd with triumph into theCicy,by 
 G thedc'.rce ofthe Senat, and grant of the people. In which triumphs the greaceHHiew and 
 goodlieH fight of all, was Coffas, bearing the rich &: royal fpoils of the King, flain by his OA'n 
 hand. Forof him the fouldiers chanted divers rude ballads without rime and metre, com- 
 paring him in their fongs wich 7J,'»;«/«;,Which fpoils with a folemn manner ot dedication, he 
 bcHowcd and hung up inthe le.m^\zoi JufiterFeretr:;'.!-, neer unco thofe oi Romulnsi which. 
 
 M 3 were;'
 
 .u 
 
 7 be fourth Boo\^ of T. Livius, 
 
 were the firft and only fpoils, until that time, called Opima Spdnr. ■ And as he went he with- H 
 drew from the Dictators chariot, the eyes of all the people unto himfelte, and hee 
 in manner alone, carried away the magnificence and glory of that ieRivalday TheDi- 
 aatorby orderfrom the people, prefented in the Capitol ior the honour ot Jupiter, a 
 » lib.Oiiil, golden Crown, weighing one* pound weight, raifed out ot the common money ot the 
 
 loangc go . ^.^^^^ ^^^^ ^ fet down (as following all other writers before me) thn ^ulusCorw/ius 
 Coifus^ a Colonel or Marfhal, brought into the Temple of ^/jj/fcr Feretrms, thelecond 
 royal fooils. Howbeit, over and beiides, that thole fpoils onely are by right accounted 
 OpJwJ, or royal, which a General bath taken from a General, and we acknowledge none I 
 for General, but him under whole condua»n high Commiflion a war is managed, the very 
 titlealfo written upon the fpoils, dothcheck and reprove both them and me. Thewords 
 whereof are thefe, \Tlm Cci^\.)shei?!£ Coy?j(d, won tlwfe fpofh.'] When I once heard fay, 
 thit Atix^>ftnsC4jrh\mk\f; the founder or repairer of all Temples, entred into the houle 
 oi Jupiter Feretriusy which he re-edified, being by injury of long time fallen to decay, and 
 readit fo written in a linncn Jack or Curjze: I thought it little better then facriledge, to 
 difiredit and cancel thcieftimony ofCe/ijj-himfelf concerning his own fpoils, and of ylii- 
 s-ufifisC-tfar, thebenefa6tor of that very Temple. Which error, if it grow hereon, That^ 
 fo ancient Records and Chronicles, and that the Books of the Magifirates, which being of 
 linnen, and laid up in the Temple of ^/(!w<;f<», Mace'r Licimtts doch very often quote and K 
 cite as his Authors, do reprefentuntous Aulns Cormlim Cofus, the fevcnth year after 
 ConM J Vf'iih Tit us Q^atifis Perms'- let every man abound in his own fenfe, and have his 
 opinion by himfelf freely. For more then all this may be alledged to prove, that io fa- 
 mous a battel could not be transferred to that year: becaufe that for three years J'p ace 
 about the Confulfliip olColfHs, there was no waratall, inamanner, by reafonof pellilence 
 and dearth of corn .• fo as fome records, asicwere, mourning, and bewraying the calarpi- 
 ty of the time, deliver unto us nothing but the bare names of the Confuls. In the third 
 year, after that Cojf/« was Conful, he was military Tribun iii Confuls authority, and in 
 the lame year General of thehorfemenalfo: in which government he fought another no- 
 table battel with horfcmen. But hereof a man may conjedfure and gueffe what he will, L 
 But fas I think) we may tofs thefe things of fm;ill importance to and fro, accordingto 
 every mans opinion: and when all is done, the author of this battel his own felfe, having 
 fetup thefe frefl-i and new fpoils in a holy place, in the fight of Jupiter himiislfe flanding 
 thereby, to whom they were vowed, and Romiifns alfo, two witneffes , not to bee 
 defpifed nor abul'ed with a falfe title, hath written himfelf, [yi. Cornelius Cofm Con- 
 
 When Marcus Corneliut A'f.i/fis^ineyifts ava Papynus Dv?/;^/ were Confuls, the Armies 
 were led forth: the oni into the Veientians Country, and the other into the Falifcians , 
 andbooties both of people and cattel were from thence driven and carried away. As for 
 the enemies themfelves, no where in the Country were they to be fcen, nor any battel was M 
 fought: and yet for all that, the towns werenot affaultcd, becaufe the people athomedied 
 ofthepeHilence. And within theCity, 5/). /l/c//^/ Tribune of the Commons fought occa- 
 fions and pretences to move feditions, but withouteffedf. Who fuppofmg by the popular 
 favour of his name to prevaileand raifc fome mutiny, both arrefled Aiinutius to make his 
 anfwer, andalfoput up abillforthe confilcation of the goods of SfrW.w Hda' laying 
 hard to A//;.'«r»'^^ hist harge, that /I /f/.'«; was filfely accufed and circumvented by him: 
 and burdening ^crt)///;.-! with the murdering of a Citizen uncondemned, . All thefe furmi'.es 
 were with the people of lefs credit and importance, thr.n the author himfelfe. But the vi- 
 olence of the ficknefs (fill encreafing more and more, troubled them: befides the fearful 
 andihan^e prodigious tokens: but efpecially, the frefla news that divers houfes in the N 
 • Country were by many earthquakes caft down. Whereupon the people went in folemn 
 proceffion and made their fi;pplications, whiles the Duumvir going afore pronounced the 
 prayers, and the people faid after him word for word. But the year following, wbenC. 
 /«//.'/.f the fecond time, and L.f/r^/^'w; were Confuls", was more contagious byreafon ot 
 thepligue, and caufed both in Town and Country, fo great a fear of utter defolacion, that 
 not only there were none fct forthinany roads without the territory of Rome to raife boo- 
 ties, whiles the Nobility and Commons had no mind of makingwar: but the Fidenates al- 
 fo oftheir ownaccord, who before time had kept themfelvcs either within their Towns, or 
 Mountains, or Fortrcffes, entred now into the lands about Knme, and forraged all the 
 Country. After this,having gotten alfo unto them a power of the Veientians (for the Falifci- q 
 anscouldnotbeinducedcitherby the calamity of the Romans, or prayers of their confede- 
 rates, to take arms again) thefe two Nations paffed over Anio^ and not far from the gate 
 r«///»rfdifplayed their enfigns. Sothefear was no leffe within the City than in the Country. 
 Then luHusihe. Confulbringeth the forces abroad, and placeth them upon the rampart and 
 
 the
 
 The fourth Boo\ofT, Livius. 127 
 
 A the walls : whiles F/r^/w'^/aflembled the Senate in the Temple of Qiiirims', for to ask their 
 opinion. Where agreed ic was, to create for Did^ator, yi, ServiUns, furnamed (asfome 
 fayj Prijcus^ or as other, Str:tcins. f^njirtms making no longer Uny than until he ha-d 
 confuked with his CoJieagne,by his permiflion declared the Didator in the night leal'on. And 
 he nominated tor his General of the Cavalry, PofihHmtus Ebutius Hcliui. The Diilator 
 commanded every man tobereadywithoiicthegate Cellnia, by the break of day : and lo 
 many a^; were able to bear arms were in a readinelTe. The Standards and Enhgns were taken 
 forth of the treafury or chamber of the City and broiiglit to the Dictator. Whiles thefe 
 things were in doing, the enemies were retired and withdrawn to the higher grounds and 
 
 g and place.; ot advantage; and thithermar^hed theDiffjtor with his army in order of bat- 
 tel. Andcncoiintnrg with them not far from Nomemum^ he dif.omhted the legions of 
 theTnicans, and dra\e them into the town otf.Y^tf*,', and call a trench about ic. But nei- 
 ther couid the town be fcakd for the high f;te thereof and the {Irong wails about it : and to 
 lay liegc unto it might not avail : for that they had corn not only to fuffice the ordinary 
 need of men bei.eged, but alfo plenty to fpare, of their old (lore and provilion gathered a- 
 forehand. Thu.-; the Dictator being without ail hopeboth of winning it by ailault, ancl 
 alfoof for-ii'g them toyeeld by compolitioO) purpofed in certain places for the neerneffe 
 to him well known, atthi^ ba'.khde of the City which was flendcriy guarded, molt negle- 
 ded, andfor the natural Muationthefurett, to undermin unto theCaUle, And he him- F,v^af won by 
 
 £ felf in pbces tarthefi off from thence, approached clofe under the walls, with his armydi- a Siratagem. 
 vided into tcJur parrs, tofiuceed oneanother by turns inorder: and lb, by continual skir* 
 minitng day and night; lickept theeneniesacabay and withdrew themfrom allper:ei\ing 
 and intelligence or the work under ground : until Inch time as by digging through the hill 
 fromtheCamp, there was a way and paffage made llraightupintotheCaMle. Andwhen 
 as the Tufcans were wholly amufed upon the vain threatnings, and bravado's of their ene- 
 mies betore them, nothing minding the prefent danger wherein they Hood: behold, the 
 alarm oftheir enemies even over their heads, made an out-cryj that the townwasta- 
 ken, ii) this year Cr., Furitts Paciliustind M. Geganms Adaccrhius^ Cenfors, appointed and 
 dedicated the Large Hall, mmtdFi/la Pui/ica \n Mars field: and there firR by them was y'lUa'Publ'itii. 
 
 j-j held the SelFiny, arid numbring of the people. I find in Macer Licinius^ that in the year fol- 
 lowing, the fame Confuls were madeagain, namely, "jid us the third tim-e^and VirgimusxSM fe- 
 condtime. ViVxVderms Antias^'dAQ^.Tv.berot do name yl/. Ma;:litts and 0_ Su/p.tiasfot 
 the Conluls that year. Howbeitin fo different report, both Tnlyero 3nd yM,iccr proieffe 
 that they followed the iinnen Records : and neither of them both conceal,that which the an- 
 cient writers have fet down, namely, That the fame year were Tribuns military, inCon- 
 ful> aiuboricy. Lrc/;;;«j-without doubtis addidled tothofe|linnen Regifters, and Tubero h 
 en ertainofthetruth. But among other antiquities, not known by rciibnoflong time, this 
 alfo is left in doubt and not cleared. 
 
 Afterthe winningof Fidene, great was the fear in Uctrmla : whilcft not only the Veien- 
 
 £ tians were feared, tearing the like deliruiticn: but the f .:/./« alio , remembring thewar AGencrjlDF- 
 bcgan hrlt with them, albeit they were not afiillant in their rebellion. VVhen as therefore etc-faliTuC 
 thele two Stares had fent their Embafl'adours abroad to the twelve Cities about them, and ""'=»'?''«'<« 
 obtained a Diet or General Parliament of all Hetruria fliouldbe aflembledat the Temple of » irn.filn, 
 "Fotmntid- theSenar, as iflbme great troubles were like thereof prefencly to enfuc, thought this day, asic 
 ooody\^it Mdrfjercus ty£myl.ti:-, fluould be created Dictator the leconci time. By whom, isiho.ighr. 
 ^/,/'o/?/)«/»»V/iT«^^ro was named General ofthehorfemen. Andwith fo much greater en- '''•''• 
 deavormade they preparation of arms th;ninthelal} war afore, by how much more dan- 
 ger there was from all //fn-.'/r/.i banded together, than had been from two nations combi- 
 ned and no more. But this bufinefs vvas much more quiet than all men looked for. When 
 
 p as thcreforenewscam.e by Merchants, that the Veientians were flatly denledhelp, and bid- 
 den to end that war by their own means and forces, which they had begun on their own 
 heads: norfeek to embark them in theaflociaticn oftheir mifcry and adveriity, unto whom 
 they had not imported their mind & hope in their upright llaic, and when they were in their 
 height: then the Didator, to the end hefliould notfecm to be created in vain, feeing all 
 matter of acquiring renown by war was cut off, defirous yet in time of peace, to doe Ibme 
 notable piece of work for a monument, fetteth in hand to abate and diminifn the Cenfor- 
 fliip: eifherfuppofingit toberoo high an office, or elfe offended not fo much with the 
 oreatneffe of the honour, as with the continuance and length thereof. Having therefore The Oratloo 
 affembledallthepeopletogether: '■'Forasmuch as the immortal Gods('quoth hejhave under- ^^ Mfimrcos 
 
 G "taken to govern the Common Weale abroad, md performed all fateandlure: Kormypart '^»»'| '"»'<> the 
 "concerning that which is to be done at home within the walls, will take order and pro- 
 ''vide for the freedom of the people of /Jowf. The greateft prefcrvation- and defence 
 "whereof reReth in this, when offices of great command are not long cndnrino: hut when 
 > they be limited by term of time which may not be rcHrained or gaged in jurifdiftion. As 
 
 for
 
 uS 
 
 7 he fourth hi'o\ of T. Livius, 
 
 The office of 
 Ccnfors rsdu. 
 ccd frorri tliC 
 term of five 
 year5, to one 
 srid an halt. 
 
 Miffiercut lA- 
 
 chifed and 
 made JErarirj. 
 
 Tribuns Mill 
 ta.y inCoa- 
 fuU room, 
 chofca agjin 
 
 " for Other magiftracies they aret'icmyearto year: but this of the Cenfors continuing five h 
 "years, is very heavy and grievous. And hard it is formento live jb many years, even a 
 " ^'reat part of their life, in danger of the fame Rulers ftill. Minded therefore I am, to pro- 
 pofealavY, That the Cenforfliip continue no longer than oneyear and fix months. With 
 oreatapplaufe and confent of the people, the next day after, he both publiflied the law 
 and enacted it. And now that ye may (quoth he) OQuirttes^ know in very deed, how 
 I miflikeoftbefe long lafling offices, here prefently I render up my Diaatorfhip. Thus ba- 
 vin" oUen over his ownplace, fet a limitation to the rule of others, and ablolutly ended 
 one°°withe.xceedingcongratulation and favour of the people he was brou5;ht home to his 
 houfe. The C?nfors°taking it grievoufly that Mamercushud abridged an office of the people I 
 o\Rome, difplaced him from his own Tribe, laying on him an eightfold tax in the fubfidy 
 Book, disfranchifed and difabled him from giving his voice, and made him no better then 
 aTributary. Which dilgrace ("they fay) h'etookwitha noble ftomack, looking rather to 
 thecaufe of this fhamefulnote, thantothe ignominy it felf. Moreover, the Lords of the 
 Senate, al'oeit they were willing enough that the Cenforfliip nails fliould beparedand their 
 power'takendown, were offended yet, with this exam.ple of the rigour and feverity of 
 thoie in place : for as much as they all fa w plainly, that they fl-iould be both longer time and 
 oftner under Cenfors, then Cenfors thcmfeU es. But fo great an indignation of the people 
 ("by report) grew hereof, thatby the authority of no man but of v^/.j/w^m^jhimfelfe, could 
 they be rellr^iined from offering violence to the very perfons of the Cenfors. And the Tri- K 
 buns of the Commons, with their continual Orations and Remonlfrances, prohibited the 
 Eleftion ofConfnls. W'hen as the matter was wellneer brought to the point of an Inter- 
 rei^n, they obtained at length with much Ikife and contention, that there fliould be mili- 
 tary Tribuns chofen, with Confular authority. But reward of this their victory, whereat 
 they fhot, could they get none : namely- that a Commoner might be chofen for one. They 
 were all of the Nobility that were created , to wit, M, Fi-bins VibHhinus-, M. Foliu^ and L. 
 Serg'tiis Fidenits. 
 
 Thepla^ue that year was the occafion of qiiietnefs from all other troubles, A Temple 
 then was vowed to Jfollo for the health of the people. Howbeit, great lofs was there both 
 in town and country, by the the mortality of men and murrain of cartel, one with another L 
 indifferently. And fearing left the husbandmen of the country fhould be famiflied, they 
 fent for corn into Hetmria and the country of Fomftinum-, to Curnes, and at laft even into 5;'- 
 cily. And not a word all this while about the eled^ion ofConfuls. So there were military 
 Tribuns elected, with Confuls authority, all again of the P^fr/f/V, namely, L.-PwarmsMa.- 
 wercKs, ^. Tv.Tius MedaUtnus.) and Sf. Pofllmmius Alhus. That year the violence of the fick- 
 nefle abated : neither was there any danger or fear of fcarcity of Corn; becaufe they had made 
 provifion aforehand .Great fittirg andconfultation there was in the general Diets of the Vol- 
 fcians and j£quiins; and vaHctruriazx. the aforefaid Temple of rorr/w"/*! about making war. 
 There, the matter was put off for one whole year: and by an Aft or Decree it was pro- 
 vided, that no Aflembly or Parliament during that time fliould be held:notwithHanding the 
 people of the Veientians complained but ail in vaine, that the fame fortune was like 
 to happen unto Veii ^ which had fallen already upon Tidcne , even the utter fub- 
 veraon of the State-- In this mean feaCon, at Rome the chiefe heads of the Commons 
 having al'pired and gaped now a long time, but flill in vain, after higher place of 
 dignity and honour , took their vantage whiles all was quiet abroad , and began 
 tohave their conventicles and meetings in the houfes of the Tribunes, and there en- 
 tertained fecret Counfels. Some complained that they were much defpifed of the com- 
 mon people : for whereas in fo many yeares, There were Tribunes Mihtary crea- 
 ted with Confuls authority, yet never was there any one of the Commonalty ad- 
 vanced to that Dignity. Our forefathers ffay they) in great .wifedom anddeep fore-N 
 caft, haue done well to take order, thatnoneot the Nobility at any time fhould have accefs 
 to any office of the Commonalty: lor if that were not, the Commons fhould have had ere 
 this fome of the VMritii for their Tribuns: fo odious are we become to thofe of our own coat, 
 and rre aditde fet by of the Common? as of the Nobles, Others excufedthepeople, and laid 
 the fault upon the Senators : by whofe ambition, by whofe crafty fetches and fubtil poli- 
 cies it came to pafle, that the Commons were Hopped from the highway to advancement 
 and promotion. But if the Commons might have any refpit or breathing time, and 
 not be follicired and tempted by their prayers interlaced with threats: they would remember 
 themfelves and thofe of tiicir own calling, in giving of their voice? : and having once gotten 
 affilbne unto them, would alfo win the highell pitch and foveraign type ofauthority. For q 
 the abolifl-iing therefore ofthis .-"mbitious feeking and ftanding for offices, they agree and re- 
 fblve that the Tribuns flioiiIJ prefer and publifli a Law, that no man might wear white more 
 then ordin.iry or refrefli the bright hue ofhis upper garment, while hefued for any dignity. A 
 fmal matter now adayes , andm.ay feem fcarcely vvorih the debating in ferious counfel , and 
 
 not 
 
 1 
 
 M 
 
 A
 
 The fourth Boo\ofT, Livius. 120 
 
 A not be folliclted and tempted by their prayers interlaced with threats : they would remember 
 ihemfelves and thote of their own calling, in giving ofcheir voices rand having once gotten 
 affiltance unto them, would alio win the higheH pitch and foveraign type of authority. 
 For the abolifliing therefore of this ambitious feeking and (landing for offices they agree and 
 refolve, that the Tribunsfhould preter and publilli a law, that no man might wear white 
 more then ordinary, or relrelli the bright hue of his upper garment, while he fued tor any 
 dignity. A fmall matter now adays and may feem fcarceiy vrorth the debating in ferious 
 counfel, which notwithftanding at that time, fet both nobles and commons in a great heat 
 of contention. Yet obtained the Tribunsfo much, that this law pafl'ed: and it appeared, 
 gthat the Commons when their blood was once up, would aftei*: their own, and wholly 
 indine to them in their fuffrages. But to the end that they m.ight not have their full fiope 
 and put it in pradtice, an Adt of the Senate was, that there fliouldbe held an Eledionof 
 Confuls. The occafion thereof, was a tumult or commotion: which, as the Latins and 
 Hernicksadvettifed them, arofe from the jEquians andVolfcians. T. Quirttiiis Cinciunattii^ 
 thefonof L*a«i {{vixvizmzdzlio Pennus) zudC. Julius Mento were elected Confuls. Nei- 
 ther was this fearful news of war entertained any longer. Forthe enemies having by a fa- 
 credlaw ('which amongft them wasofgreated force to levy an army) mullered their pow- 
 er, fet forth two mighty armies from both parts, into Algiditm^ and there met. Where 
 the j£quiansand Volfcians, feverallyby themfelves encamped llrongly, and more earnedly 
 Q fludied the Captains to foriifie their camps , and to train and exercife their fouldiers, 
 than at any time afore. Whereupon, the news was more fearful that the meflengers brought 
 to Rome. So the Senate agreed to create a Diilator. For, although thofe nations oficn- 
 timesl^^^^n vanquiflied by them, yet now they rebelled in more forcible manner, and 
 witl*^^^tion, than at any time before. Alfo, byreafon of the late fuknefs, the youth 
 and Ho werot the Romans was fore diminiflied. But aboveall, the private difcord of the 
 Confuls one with another, and the debate and difference in all their counfel terrified them 
 moft. There be that write, how thefe Confuls had but unlucky fortune, and loft a field in 
 ^IgLdnm : and that it (hould be the caufe of making a DivStator. But this one thing is certain, 
 that howfoever elie rhe Confuls difagreed, yet they jumped in one tocrofs the willsof the 
 jv Senators, in that rhey would not nominate a Diftator until fuch time as after news brought, 
 flillworfeand worfe, and yet the Confuls would not be ruled by the Senators: one <^a/«- 
 tus Serv'dt'As Prifctts^ a man, who right worthy and honourably had born thehigheft offices, 
 made this fpeech : '"• My Matters, ye that are Tribuns of, the Commons (quoth he) in this Therpeechof 
 ^'exigent and defperate cafe, the Senate calleth for your aflitlance, that in fo great hazzard .:^. strvU,ut 
 "■ of the Common-weal, ye by vertue of your authority, would force the Confuls peremp- p«/cw5 
 "^ torily to make a Diftator. Which fpeech being once heard ; the Tribuns fuppohng now 
 they had good occafion offered, to ftretch and extend their power to the full, departed a- 
 fide: and inthenameof theirColledgeorfociety, pronounced, That it was their pleafure 
 and will, that the Confuls iliould be obedient unto the Senat: and in cafe they proceeded to 
 £ do farther, then the confent of that moft honourable Houfe would bear them out, they 
 would command them to ward. The Confuls chofe rather to be over-ruled of them than of 
 the Senat: fay ingyet withal, that the prerogative of the higheft government was by the Se- 
 nators betrayed, and the Confulfnip made thrall and fubjeft to the Tribuns power, iffobe 
 the Confuls might be compelled to do ought by vigour of the Tribuns authority , and (than 
 which, a private perfon could fear no more) be fenc alfo to ward, or committed to prifon. 
 The lot fell to T. Quintiits (for in this alfo they could not agree between themfelves) to no- 
 minate the Diftator: who named ^. roftlmmimTuhertHs^ his wives father, a grim Sir, 
 and a man of moft fevere and ftern government. By whom was L. _7«//«^ nominated for Ge- 
 neral of the Cavalry : Herewithal wasprodameda vacation or law-fteed,and that through- 
 F out the whole City they fliouldgoin hand with nothing but war. The taking knowledge of 
 fnchas pretended to be freed and exempt from fouldiery, was putoff"unii!thewar was ended. 
 Sothatthey that were before doubtfuKfuffered themfelves to be enrolled : and fouldiers were 
 levied out from the Hernicksand Latins, who from both places obeyed the DiiSlator to their 
 uttermoft.All thefe things were difpatched with exceeding expedition.Then the Diftator ha- 
 ving left r.yf<//«f the Conful, for the defence of the City,&: L.Jtdins the General of the horfe- 
 men for all fudden occafions incident unto wars, that they might not be to feek for any thing 
 whereof they had need in the camp, took with him AhIus Cornelius x.\\tH\^Vnt^-, Scfayinc 
 after \vm. certain prayers, word for word, he vowed great and ftately playes, in regard of this 
 tumultuous and troublefome war : and thus departing from the City.and dividing his whole 
 Garmy between himfelf and Otiintius the Cof. at length he approached the enemies. And 
 like as they had difcovered the two camps of their enemies, "a little fp«ediftant one (rom an- 
 other , fo they alfo, about a mile from the enemy, intrenched themlcKes : the Dittator neer 
 to 7"*r/6-«/«'>;, and he Qov\i\i\x.o Lamvium. Sotheletout Armies, and as many f'^rtified 
 camps, had a fpacious and large plain in the middle, fufficient not only for fmal) excurfions 
 to skirmilh in, but alfo to difplay their armies of both fides. And all the time Aat they lay 
 
 encamped
 
 1 10 7 he fourth Boo\ofT,LWms, 
 
 encamped cne againit another, they ceafed not to make light skirmifhes : tor the Dictator H 
 was well content, that bis men by making proof, and comparing their flrength and puiflanLe 
 with their enemieSjand aflaying by little and little to try the event ot thefe skirmiIhes,lhould 
 conceive aforehandfome hopeofthe entire and general vidory. 
 
 The enemies therefore having no hope left, to fpeed well in a fet field and pightbattel, af- 
 i'ailedby night the Confulscamp,and put all to the hazard of a doubtful iflue. The ludden 
 cry and alarm, awakned not only theConfuls, Sentinels, his ter;^ de gu^rd^ andfohis whole 
 army, but the Didator alfo out of their ileep. And where need was oi prefent help, there 
 failed not the Conful, either in courage or counfel. Some fouldiers ward and deiend the 
 «ates, others compafs the tiench, ranged in a round array. In the ether campofthe Difta- i 
 ?or, look how muf.hlefsftir there was, fo much more leafure had they, and (ludied what 
 was mort needful to be done. Forthwith aid was fent unto the Conful his camp, under the 
 leading of 5b. P.j?/;«w/w^//'«/, a Lieutenant. TheDiaator himfelf in penbn , with part 
 of his power, fetching a fmall compafs about, gained a place moH apart trom all noife and 
 tumult, and fiomwhence at unawares he mightchargeuponthebackofthe enemies. And 
 leaveth as Vicegerent in the leaguer tj. 5»/;;f/«/: andtoyJ^. f<?^;w a Lieutenant, he com- 
 mitteth the condufl of the horfemen, commanding him not before day to flir with his horfe, 
 as bcin" unruly and hard to be managed in tumults andtroublesof the night. And all things 
 elfe that a provident and indudrious Captain in fuch a cafe might command and do, that 
 commanded he, and did orderly. But for one thing above the reft, he (hewed fingular K 
 proofof policy and courage, and worthy no mean praife : intbat he fent out firft /^. G<x<!- 
 withcertainchofen Squadrons to affail that camp of the enemies, from whence he 
 
 mus 
 
 knew by hisefpials there was departed a greater part of the forces. Who aftei ^bat^hefur- 
 prifed the enemies there, amufed wholly upon the event of other mens danger, cirelefle 
 and fecure for their own felves, and therefore negleding their fcouts and guards ; wan their 
 hold inmanner before the enemies knew well it was afl'ailed. From whence the Dictator 
 havinodefcriedafmoak (which was the fignal agreed between them) crieth aloud, that the 
 enemi'es camp was won, and commandeth news thereof to be carried every way. Now it _ 
 waxed broad day light, and all was clearly to be feen : by which time both F abuts with the * 
 horfemen had given the charge, andtheConful alfo had madeafallyout of thecamp, up- L 
 on the enemies that now already were feared. But the Dilator on ihe other fide,charging 
 UDon the rerewardand the middle battel, came on every fide with his footmen, and horfe- 
 nien in train of viftoryagainft the enemies: who were forced to turn round and fight every 
 wav accordin*' to the diffonant outcries, and fudden alarms. Thus being environed round 
 about they had inthemidft died for it every one, and fufferedpunifhmentdue for their re- 
 bellion \\zAviOtVeB:ins Adefitts^ oneofthe Volfcians, a man more renowned for his vali- 
 ants afts then noble by his parentage, rebuked with a loud voice his fellows, being rea- 
 dy now to caft themfelves into rings,and faid : " WhatPwill ye here without making your de- 
 Thelpeechof c/^^j^^g^ without revenge, offer your felves to be devoured of the enemies fword? What 
 Ifco his feU "do you with your armour and weapons? Why began ye wrr firft ? Are you trouble- M 
 low fouldiers. cc fon^g and unruly in peace, and cowards in war.- What hope haveye in Handing (hll? 
 "Do you look for fome god from Heaven to proteft and deliver you? You muft make 
 "way by dint of fword. Go to then, andftick to it like men, and that way whereas ye 
 " (hall fee me "O afore, follow ye after, asmany of you as mind to fee again your home, 
 <' your parents', your wives and children. It is neither wall, nor rampart and trench, but 
 " armed men that muft withftand armed men. In valour ye are their matches, but in refpeft 
 t'ofneceirity(which is thelaft and ftrongeftenginofallother)ye are the better. Whenhehad 
 thefe words fpoken, and done accordingly, with a frefh fh out they followed after, and 
 The vilour of ^^j^ ^^^^ jq j^^at quarter whereas Pofthnwius Minus had placed againft them his cohorts : 
 Viaiu^ Mef. ^^j compelled the vigors to lofe ground.until fuch time as the Dilator came to fuccour his N 
 ^saVolfci- ^gjj,^^„5(ji(:^i.ef[-ej^ and now ready to retreat: and fo he bent thither ail the force of the 
 whole battel. Inoneonly man, iMf//?w,refted all the hope and fortune of the enemies. Ma- 
 ny a man was'there hurt on both parts and many a one (lain outright, and left dead in the 
 place So as now the very Roman Commanders., fought not without bloodfhed. Only Po- 
 ^/j«»^««i being fmitten with a ftone, whi( h had broken and bruifed his head. went out ofthe 
 ibron"-. forneitherthe Dilator, wounded i'^ he was in the fhoulder nor yet Fahms, albe- 
 it his thi?.h was almoft nailed to his hore, nor the Conful, for all his arm was quite cut off, 
 once retired or departed out ofth.it dangerous i ombat. But Mejfius amidft the enemies that 
 there lay dead on the earth with agnardnb nt him of mnft hardy & tallmen paffed through 
 jr fon-iMe m3nncr,and escaped cle^r to the Volfcians leaguer, which as yet was not loft : and o 
 fo the whole ba^re'i in lined thither. The Conful after he had chafed them, fcattered in 
 rart'e-shere and there even asf<^ras to thet'cnch, affaileth the very camp and the rampart. 
 ThWhe alfobrinoeih the Dilator his power to another fide. Neither wastheaffiult lelshoc 
 tbe'c t'^cn 'he fi^ht was (harp afore. It is faid moreover, that the Conful threw an enfign 
 within theumpan, to animate thefouldiers, that they might more eagerlyget upafter it j 
 
 and
 
 The fourth Boo1\ofT, Livius. im 
 
 A and fo by recovering the banner again,was the firrt breach and entrance made.Thns the Dilator 
 havingbrokcn through the mure, came to dole fight and hand-Hroaks e\ en within thecamp. 
 Thenbegan the enemies- every where to fling from them their weapons, and toyeeld thcmlelves 
 prifoners. So being themfelves and their paviilions taken, they wereallfold,biit thole of Senators, 
 calling. Part o; the pillage was reHored to the Latins and Hernicks, namely, to as many as knew 
 their cvvn goods: part thereofthe Didlator ibid in port-lale. And leav ing to the Conlul t'hecharge 
 of the camp, rode himieltrriumphing into the City,andgaveo.er his olHcc, Of which his noble 
 and famous Dicbtorrnip they blemill-i thcmcmorial, who write, that^i. Poflhumins (theDifta- 
 tor his ion, ior that upon advantage offered of a fortunate fervice.he deparred without leave from 
 ghis quarter and guard^ was alter tiis \iitory atchieved,by his fathers Commandment beheaded. 
 But 1 iill not to believe it. And lawful it is for me lo to do, among fj divers opinions : and a good 
 proof it is on my iide, that Inch imperious and rigorous proceedings were called Imp.ria MarJi- i^peria jnax^ 
 <i«.2, and notPift-mifitanj. For like it is, that he whohacl given the firlf example of fuch cruelty, iwin* 
 fliould have gotten afore all others, that noted tide of cruelty. Belides, Manliw it wa^, that was 
 furnamed Impcrions. But Pnfihumms is not marked with any odious note at all. 
 
 C,/«/'«/Conful,in theabfence of his CoUegue, without any calling of lots, dedicated the 
 Templeof Ap Ho .Qtunt ms having dikharged his army, when he was returned into the City,took 
 not that wcil.But it was no boot to complain in the Senat houfe. Moreover,in this notable year, 
 fo tull of brave and worthy ai^ls, there is recorded one thing, that was thought in thofe days no- 
 Q thing pertinent to the State oiRome-, namely, that the Carthaginians(ro great and mortal enemies 
 in time tocome)pafl"cd the leas then hrif : and (upon theoccafion of civil dilfention and difcord 
 among the Sicilians^ with a power landed in Sicily, for to take part vvich a hdeandfadHon, In the 
 Cityof ^o»^/ftheTribuns of theCommonsiabouredthatMilitary Tribuns might be with Con- 
 fnls authority chol'en: but it could not be obtained. Confuls were made, Lh. Papjri»! Crafts, 
 and L.Iuimt. The^quians EmbafTadors fuingto the Senat for a league, and for that league, pre- 
 tending very often to yeeld themfelves, and be in fubjedion , obtained a truce only for 8. years. 
 The Volllians after their overthrow in Al^idMrnJeli tocontinualdebate and contention, whiles 
 fome pevfwaded peace and others war: fo long, until at length they grew to brawls and mutinies. 
 Soon every hde the Romans were at relh The Confuls undertfanding that the Tribuns of the 
 P) Commons werecomplocted (for one falfe brother among ihembewrayed and detected all) to 
 
 put up a bill, and make a law, concerning the eftimation of fines and penalties Ca thing right plea- An ad for -^• 
 fing aid acceptable to the people) they themfelves prevented them, and preferred ir.^Then were fines and pa- 
 Cor\{M\s-,L. Serf ins Fidenas, the fecond time, and i/e^/a/ L««Yr/«; Tr/c/prw/j. In whole year I'lt'cst 
 nothing was there done worthy of rehearfal. After them fucceeded Confuls, yl. CorweliusCofus, 
 and Titfts Quintii^s PcayjffsthekcoTidttrm.Tbc Veientians maderodes into the lands of theRo- 
 mans. And a rumor went, that fome of the Fidenatian youths were acceffary unto them, and 
 had their hands therein. For which were appointed as CommilTionerstomakeinquiluion, L. 
 Scraiu!, QuiHtus Serv/ltHs^and Mamercus ty£mi/i^s. Some of them were confined to /-/o/?/'.?, for 
 that they could make no found excufe, and juflifie their abfence for certain days out o^Fidene. So 
 p the number of the Inhabitants there, was encreafed i and their landi,who wcrcflain in the wars, 
 alTigned unto them . 
 
 in thatycarhapned an exceeding greatdrouth. For not only there wanted rain water from a- A greu 
 bovc, but alio the very earth lacking her natural moIR ure, fcarcely fufficed to maintain the run- drought aboua; 
 ningllream in main rivers. The fcarcity of water befides aboutfprings that were dried up, and "^""b ""' .•, 
 the imall rivulets and brooks caufed a great death and mortality of castel for default of drink : tie 'thereupV 
 whereof fome died of the kab : by contagion whereof the people alfo were dlfeafed generally, on. 
 The malady fird began among theruliical fort, the bond- flaves and hinds : and afterwards fpread 
 into every corner ofthe City. Neither were men only tainted and difeafed with this infecHon: j,g^.g adj;aj^' 
 but their minds alio were troubled and pofiefTed with fundry forts offuper.iitions religious, and to fuperftlci- 
 F thofe for the moll prrrt llrange and forrain : whiles upon vain and foolifli prophefies,they brought ons. 
 new rites and ceremonies cffacrificing into menshoufes; and made good gain of fuch as were 
 given to fuperftitious devotion, and made confcience of every little thing : until fuch time as 
 now it grew to a public k off"ence, and the chief ofthe City were afnamed to fee in every flreetand 
 chappcl > (Irange and unaccullomcd purgatory facrificcs and expiations, for to procure the favour 
 and ircrcy ofthe gods. Whereupon the .^.dileshad in charge and commliTion, to lookflrelght- 
 ly to this diforder : and that no other gods were worflilpped, then thofe ofthe Romans : nor after 
 any other manner than had been ufual in their native country. So their anger againlt the Veien- 
 tians and defiie of revenge, was put off unto the next year foliowing, \yhtrtC.Servilitif TJJ.t, 
 and L. P^ipirius Ma^ilanw wsieConMs. And even then, they iliade fome fctuple toproclalme 
 Gv\ar immediately, or to make out any power againlf them : butthey thought good to fend their 
 Heralds afore, to m.ike claim for their own andchallengerenitution. For whereas oflateyears 
 there had been a field fought with the Veientians before Nomemum and Fide>7e: whereupon 
 there followed no peace but only a truce concluded : both the time was novv expired, and alfo 
 before the day they had rebelled. Yet were there Heralds lent unto them. And when they 
 had demanded amends by a foiemn oath and other ceremonies accovdinj to the anclenc 
 manner, they might have no audience, neither were their words regarded. After this there a- 
 role fome quelfion^whether the war fliould be prodamed with thepeoplesallowance & fuflrages, 
 
 "or'
 
 ip 
 
 J be fourth Bool{ofTXAV\us. 
 
 Four military 
 Ttibuns in 
 CcnraUt au- 
 thurity. 
 
 The Oration 
 
 of Mimercui 
 t/imdiiii Di- 
 ftator to the 
 Citizens ot 
 Kome- 
 
 or the Senates decree werealonefiifficient. The Tribuns by giving out and threatning that they h 
 would Hop the mutkrsiobtained in the end,that Quintms the Conful fhould propound this mat- 
 terconcernin? the war unto the people. And it palied clear through all the Centuries. Herein al- 
 fo had the Commonalty the better of it, tor that they prevailed that there fhould be no Conluls 
 chofen the year toUowing. So there were four Tribuns military created with Confuls authority, 
 r.J^<'«f'W/'fW7/« immediately from his Confulfliip. C.Tmms, M. Pofihumir.Sy and Corfielms 
 Cofds .- of which Cofus had the charge and government of the City. The other three after they 
 had muflered, took a journey tore/7,and made good proof how hurtful in war is the rule ofma- 
 nyCommanders. Forwhilesevery man was inclined to his owncounfel and advice, and took 
 divers couties one from another, they made way for the enemies and gave them advantage. For i 
 the Veiehtians taking their opportunity and time, entred upon the army thus difirafted, whiles 
 fome commanded totound a retreat, others the alarm and to Hrike up the battel. Whereupon 
 they were difordered and put to flight. But for as much as the camp was neer at hand, thither 
 they retired themfelves in lafety : fo,as the fliame they gat was morethen the harm in this defeat. 
 The City was penfive and hereupon forrowed, as not ufed to take foiles and overthrows. The 
 Tribuns they hated, and required a Dilator : in whomrefted ever the whole hope and ftay of 
 the City .And when as even in that behalf, they made a matter ofconfcieni.e,becaufe there might 
 no: be aiiyDiftator nominated, but by a Conful, the Augurs were confulted withal : who re- 
 folved them of that doubt and rid them of their fcruple. So yi. Cornelius (aconfular Tribunj no- 
 n\in:itzd Mamercrts ty£m>l>ui'Di8c3tor : bywhom he was himfelfialfo pronounced Grand Ma- K 
 fter of the horfemen. At fuch default vvas the City then, of righc valour and true vertue, that not- 
 wlthdanding the prejudice by the Cenfors, yet there was no remedy^but the whole government 
 of the (hte (fiould relt upon that family, which had been wrongfully difgraced and unworthily 
 
 noted by the Cenfors. 
 
 The Veientians proud of their late good fuccefs,albeitthey fent their Embaffadors about all the 
 nations of Hetr/iria,ho!iRing and vaunting that in one battel they had difcomfited three Roman 
 Generals, yet could not they with all their folliciting, perfwade any to be feen to take part with 
 them in publick a£lion : but'they" procured diversfrom all parts for hope of fpoil, voluntarily to 
 aid and affift them. The people of Fidene only agreed torebel. And as though it had been in no 
 wife lawful to bcin any war but with fome wicked,heinous and execrablefaft: like as afore they > 
 hadembrewed their hands, and bathed their fwordsin blood of Embaffadors, fo then, they be- 
 oan with murdering their new received Coloners: and fo banded themfelves with the Veientians. 
 Then confulted the Princes and States ofthofe two nations, whether they fhould mzkeFeti or 
 Fiddie the feat town of the war. Fideue was fuppofed the fitter and more commodious. So the 
 Veientians paflcd over the Tj^i^r, and tranflatedthe warto Fidcfie. Great fear was there ztRome 
 to fee the army of their enemies removed from r«7,and implanted at F/,a[ff»f.And being flirewd- 
 lydanted by their late overthrow befides, they encamped even before the gate Coto^. Onthe 
 walls were armed fouldiers placed, vacation in all courts of law vvas ordained,fhop windows fliuc 
 up. and all more like a Leaguer then a City.Then fent theDiftator the Criers about into allftreets 
 and lanes, to fummon the Citizens thus terrified, to a general affembly. Where he rebuked them M 
 for carrying fuch wavering and doubtful hearts upon lo fmall accidents and events of fortunejha- 
 ving received but a flight lofs and fmal foil: and chat, not through the manhood of the enemy* 
 or cowardife of the Roman army, but only through the difagreement and difference of the Lea- 
 ders. "Alfo for that they were afraid of the Veientian enemy, whom five or fix times afore they 
 '• had put to the word andvanquifhed-andefpeciallyof F/t^/^w, which had beenoftnerina man- 
 " ner won, then alfaulted. As for the Romans and their enemies ('faith he) they are even the 
 *' fame ftill that always for fo many hundredyears, they had been: bearing thefameminds, the 
 " fame bodily (frengch, and the fame armor: and even my felf am the fame Mamercui Rmiliui-, 
 "and no other, who heretofore difcomfited at 7VowfKf«w;the Veientians and Fidenatians,with 
 " the Falfcians power alfo adjoined unto them. And as for A. Cornelim-, he wil no doubt be the M 
 " fame General of horfemen in thisbattel, as in the former war he vvas : at what time he being a 
 "KnishtMarflial flew I^« To/«»«w»/ the King of the Veientians, in the fight of two armies : 
 "and brought into the Temple of y;//>.'Ar/-Fir«r/K/,therich armor of him defpoiled. Wherefore 
 *' ye ought to remember this, that we have on our fide triumphs, fpoils and vidory : whereas 
 " with the enemies remaineth the wicked and deteftable faft of killing the Embaffadors, againft 
 " the Luv of all nations:allo the maflacre of the Fidenatian inhabitants,in time of peace: thebrea- 
 "kingof tru'e, and their revolting now feven times to their ruin and overthrow. Take weapon 
 " therefore in hand like men: for Ttrnftafluredly that iofoonas we (lull join our camps together, 
 "and enrounter thefe mod wicked enemies, they fhall havenolong joy ofthe fliamefuldifcom- 
 "fitu-eottheRom.ina my. And the people of AVwefliall underdand, howmnch better they q 
 "have deferved ofthe Common-wealj who msdemeDitbtor now the third time, thanthofe, 
 '< who for clipping the Cenfors wings and abridging them of their kingly rule, had diftained 
 "anddif^ntcd my fecond Didatorfliip with the fhameful blot of ignominy and reproach. 
 After this fpeech, when he h,id m.^de his vows accordingly: he encamped a mile and an half 
 en this fide F'^'w, flanked on the r'ghthand with thehills, and on the left with theriverT^- 
 ber. And commsn^-lcd r OumWu; ? v.nm his Lit!Jfenant,togain the hills afore, and bepoffeffed 
 
 4 
 
 fecretly of that cape or hill, whi,.h vvas on the bac 
 
 . p.irt of the enemies. Himfelf the next mor row- 
 when
 
 The fourth Boo {of T.Uivms, n^ 
 
 A when as the Tufcans , ffull of pride and ftomack for the profperous fuccefs of former daycs, 
 whic h was much better than their lervicc in fight) came forth into the field : after he h^d fiayed 
 a while , until the fconts and e piais brought word , that Qjtintttt-^ was gotten fafely unto the 
 Hili top near adjoyning to the Caltie or fort of the Fidenatians Jie advan.eth forth his Itandards: 
 and with his footmen ranged in battel array, marched againft his enemies with full pace: com- 
 ' manding his General or the Horfemen not to charge without his warrant : for that he himfelf 
 '<as need iKould require, wouldgive tlielignalfor theaid of his cavalry to come in , willing him 
 " then, to quit liimielf like abrade Knight inremembranre of his glorious combate with a King : 
 "of his rich prcient and oblation: and oi RoTK'.flw:>r\dJ p'ner Ferttrtu^. Thus the lesions aiiail 
 gone another and encounter right hardily. The Romans kindled andenfl.imcd wi^anconr 
 and .-n.^ii C; termed the Fidenatians, wicked and godlef-. wretches :the Vciertijns,ROTDers and 
 Tbeeves ; truce-bre.ikers both;polluted with the abominablemurder of EmbalVadors : ikyncd 
 with the execrable maflacrc of their cohabitants : faithiefs and treacherous allies, cowardly and 
 daliardly enemies : thus both in word and deed they fatisfitd their hatred to the fuil ; Andac 
 the very firli Hiockforced theirenemies to ilirink. At vvhiih inliant all at once, there iffued out 
 o{ the open gates of f/^f»e a Orange army, not heard of nor ufua I, before that day; A mighty 
 number armed with fireworks ," and fhiningall over with burning lights , after a fanatical and 
 mad manner, ran as if they were carried with ipirits, upon their enemies: and vvith the unccurli 
 light of this kind of fight, amafed the Romans a prety while. Then the Didbtor bufy in fight, ha- 
 (2 vingfent both for theGeneraloftheCivalry with his troups of Hor cmen , and alfofor^/^/sr/z/j 
 from the mountains, haftened himfelf to thelcft point: which being terrified with a fcarefire 
 more like than a battel, had given place unto the flame, and (lepped back. Where with aloud Tlie words 6F 
 voycehe tbusfpake: '■'What?wili ye be overcome with imoaklikea fwarm of Bees, and lofeyour 'licDdacor 
 " ground. and retreat from your naked and unarmed enemies?wi!lyenotput out this fire with re- ^',r'""'l' ^'i 
 "doubled (iroke of brandifhing fwords ? And will ye notevery manforhis part, if we mull needs fouidictE. 
 " fight with fire, and not with weapons, pull from them their torches and firebrands , and fling 
 " them again at their own heads ? Goto, I fay, like hardy men, mindful of the renown ofRo- 
 " mans, remembring the prowefs of your Father?5and your own felves. Turn this fire upon your 
 " enemies City, and conlume F/i^f^t iutp afhes with her own flames : this difloyal Fidcyic-, which 
 J) " by no favors and good turns of yotifs, ye were ever able to win and pacific, 1 hebloudof your 
 '' Embaflador?, the rloud of your Coloners thither fent to people their City,your Frontiers and 
 "Borders by them walled, put you in mind of no meaner revenge. At the Didlators command- 
 ment- the'wh.'^battaillon was moved and encouraged. Some catch thefirebranSsasthey flew, 
 others by for:e fnatch them from them , fo that now both battels were armed with fire. The 
 General of Horfemen forhispart renueth theHorfe fervice:commandingthcmto pluckthebitts 
 out of their Horfes mouths , and was the firfl himi'elf , that fetting fpurs to, rode with bridle in 
 Horfeneck into the midlt of the fire: and the other Horfes alfo being privked forward, andeafed 
 of their bridles,carr"ied the riders with full carier againft the enemy.Thedufl rifiiig together with 
 the fmoke,took the light from mens eyes,and Horles both. And that fighcwhi. h h.;d terrified the 
 E fouldiers: nothing at all affrighted the Horfes. Wherefoever therefore the men of arms rode, they 
 bare down all afore them as if fomeHoufeshad come tumbling upon their heads. Here with hap- 
 ned a new al'arm tobe heard , which having caufed both armies to wonder and liflen thereunto, 
 the Diftator rrycth out aloud , That OHi:iti::s the Lieutenant snd his Regiment, came upon the 
 back of the enemies: and himfelf reenforcing the fliout , advanceth his enfigns forward more 
 frefhly. When as now two armies, and two divers battels, prefTed fore upon the Tufcans, and en- 
 vironed them both before and behind: and that the enemies could neither flye back to their 
 camp, nor yet retire or withdraw thcmfelves unto the mountains, from whence a frelh fupply of 
 enemies, made head, and affionted them : and that the horfes being unbridled carried the riders 
 every way hither and thither the moftpart oftheVeientians ran fcattering indiforder,and highing 
 F themnpace toward the 7;/;fr : and the Fidenatians that remained to the City F/Ww. But in that 
 feartul flight they ran upon their own death. Some were killed on the banks of theRiver, others 
 were driven into the water, and the If ream and whirlcpits carried them away. And even they 
 that were cunning fwimmers,what with wearii-efle,and what with faintnefs of thcirwounds and 
 with fright, funk and were drowned: fo that few ofmanyfwam over in fafcty. The other army 
 fled through their camp into the City. The fame way alfo the Romans followed forably after : 
 and Q»i>jri'.'s efpeciaily, together with them who erewhile came down from the mountains, and 
 were the frelliefl fouldiers for fight (as who came lalf into the battel) and fo afterwards entred 
 pell-mell among theirenemies into the gate climbed upon the walls, and from the walls fetupa 
 b.innerto their fellows, in token that they had wontheTown, Which as foon as theDJdator 
 Q efpied,n"or now bythis timehad hemade an entrance into the forlorn, and abandoned camp of 
 his enemies) he brought the fouldiers , upondefire to runtoa fpoil, and hoping of a greater fac- ». 
 
 cage in the City, flreight unto the gate. And being gotten v^ithin the walls, marchethdireftly 
 forvvardtotheCaftle, whereinto he beheld the mu'tiiude to flye for refuge and fafety. The exe- 
 cution in the City was no lefs than in the field : which continued until! they threw away their 
 weapon^'j-'nd craving nothing but life yeelded themfelves to the Dictator. So both City and camp 
 wasfpoikdandfacked. The morrow after, theDidbtor difpofed of hisprifoners thus ;Hedrew 
 them by lot, and gave to every Horfeman and Centurion one, andtoasmany as haddonemore 
 
 N valiantly
 
 i}6 The fourfb Boo^ofT, Livius. 
 
 valiantly than other, two apeece : the reft he fold in portfale. And fo with triumph brought home j^ 
 to ^owe his vi£lcrious army, enriched wiiha greaibooty: £indhavingcomtn.:D'ed the General 
 of the Horfemen to refign up his office, himfelt aU'o furrcndreth his own, upon the fixteenth day 
 after his creation, yeeldingup his government in peace , whi.h in time of war, and in a fearful 
 ftate he had received. 
 
 There be fome that have recorded in their Chronicles, that there was a barrel fought with the 
 Veientians at Ftdtne by fhips open the water. A thing verily, no kis impcflible than incredible. 
 Conhdering that even at this djy, the riveris not broad enougtiforfuch a puipofe: and at that 
 lime, (asby ancient men we have learned) it was far narrower than novv it is. Unlefs haply in 
 crotTin^vertheriverfomeveflels or bottoms, that were put out to meet and to receive them, i 
 were .l^ed. And fo,men making the matter greater ("as ufually it cometh to pal's j have defired a 
 vain title ot a naval victory at Sea. The year following, there were military Tnbuns, with Con- 
 fuls authority, A. Sempronitti Atrititius^ L, Quintius Ci»ci»natMS, L. Furitts M . dulliMtts, and L. 
 Horjtiiis Barbatus. Then was there a truce granted unto the Veientians fortwenty years, and to 
 the ^tquians for three years, whereas they had made fuit for more. Reft there was alfo from all 
 fediiions and broils in the City. The yearfollowing,having neither war abroad,nor yet fedition 
 at home, was famous yet for the playes which in time ofwar had been vowed: both in regard of 
 ®the great preparations that the Militarji Tribuns made, as alfo for the frequent relort and con- 
 courie of the Nations ad joyning. TheTribuns with Confuls authority, were C/.Cm;(7"w, 5/.iV*Jw 
 tius RutdiusiT.SergiHsFidcnoi .^T^d SextHs 'jnlttts Tullus, The fight of thele games andpaftimes, K 
 whereunto thole ftrangers were come by publick confent of their States, was unto them more 
 acceptablein regard of the courtcfy of thole friends that gave them intcrtainment. 'Afterihefe 
 Or tbns o' *' P'^y^s. there eniued feditious Orations of the Tribuns of theCommons,who rebuked the com- 
 the Commons. " mon multitude, for that they being befotted with admiration of thole whom they had loha- 
 ' *' ted, kept themfelves in perpetual thraldome. And not only durft not attempt to put forth them- 
 " felves tor to bring in again the poflibility to have Confuls of their parijas in timespaft : no, not 
 ■ t'fo much as in the creation of Military Tribuns (the Eleftion of whom was indifferent as well 
 " for Commons as Nobles ) were mindful or thought either upon themfelves or their friends, 
 " and thofe of their own body ; And therefore they fhould fnrceafe to marvel, why no man plea- 
 « ded for the benefit of the commonalty. For,travelis w^beftowed, and danger well adventu- L 
 *' red, where profit and honor might be hoped and looked for. And nothing is fo difficult but 
 « men would employ themfelves to enterprife the lame, if for the adventuring of great exploits, 
 *' there might Ise propofed as great rewards. But,that any Tribun of the Commons ihouldrun de- 
 *' fperateiy and bhndly into a world of brawls and troubles, with great hazard of his perfon, and 
 *' no hope at all of fruit and profit in the end : for which contentioH,he might be.fure that the No- 
 "blesagainft whomhel^rlved, would perfecute him with deadly and irreconcilable malice: and 
 *' at the Commons hand; , for whom he thus contended , he fl-iould be honored and advanced 
 " never the more, it was a thing neither to be expeiled, nor required. The only means to get 
 "courage and magn.'.nimity, is advancement to high place of honor and dignity. And as for them, 
 " they would not diidain the meaneft commoner that was, if they themfelves might be no more M 
 " de piled. To conclude, the matter were woith the tryalin one or two,whether any commoner 
 " wcrefufficient to beara great office of ftate; or whether it were a wondrous thing and ftrange 
 *' miracle, that a vahant and hardy man fhould arife out of the commonalty. Wich much ado 
 "(fay they) we got and obtained, that Tribuns military with Conlu's authority might likewifebe 
 "choien out of the commonalty: and men approved both in war abroad and in affairs of State 
 "at home hid fued therefore. In the firft years they being nipped by you and lb having there- 
 " pnlfe, were had inderifion of the Nobility: fo that at length they lorbare to give themfelves 
 ' " thus contumelioufty to be mifufed and made fools. We fee no raufe cherefore, why that b w al- 
 
 " fo fhould not be repealed, wherein a dignity was granted , and never like to be obtained. For 
 <' lei's (hame would there arife, if the law were not indifferent nor refpeili'e unto them than as N 
 " unmeer perfons and unworthy, thus fhamefully to be palkd by and .'ke the repulfe. Thefe and 
 furh like pec hes were heard with fo good an ear and general appl.-,u:'e, that fome of them were 
 incited f-rward tof'iefor the Mi.itary Tribunfhip: whiles every cne promised in che time of his 
 offi e to <lo great muters, and to propofe, fome one thing fomeanothec for and , oncerninp; the 
 benefit of the Commons. Pretending great hopes of dividing the rorrmon Lnds andplantint^ 
 of>r>!onies abroad, and laying tributes and impofi'.ion<; upon >andcd perfons, for to pay foul- 
 diersvvages. But the Tribuns military then in place, deviud to fpveo'U a time when upon Ibme 
 cccaf.on of the abfen'e of much people departed out of the C ity , the '^rnitor^ by a privy and 
 fc'Tct vvrn'P?,, (lionld ar a certain day be called home: and then vvhiie<: theTribims ofthe 
 Comn'ons vvcre away- an a6l of Senate fhould pafTe in thi--- f< r n : Thit for afmu h as it was q 
 nriVd'ha' ihe Volf iansweieentred into the Lands of theHerni ksrofo nge^ndrob, themi- 
 liraryTriluns Oion'd'^o to fee whether it were 'born >, and th.nin iherrean while there fliould 
 be held a gerer?l affemhly for the EletYion of Confuls. The Tii^uns milit ry rook their 
 journey a. cordingV, and left Appius C/andir's the Decem-ir- fon Go-ermur of tile City, a 
 ftru' voung(ienrItm,inanda forward, who from hi'; very '-ndle hire an'nwardqrrdgeand ha- 
 ired ifjo-n'* the Tribuns .ind the Commons. And boorle <: i wif e ther '"or theTrbunsof 
 the commons to find them.elves grieved with thofe, who made the de.recj now that they were 
 
 abfent.
 
 The fourth Bob{ ofT, Li vius^ 1 3 5 
 
 A abfent, nor yet had they caufe to quarrel with ^ppitu C/andiw-, bccaufe the tiling had been con- 
 trived and pa(i afore his time. So, Coni'uls were treated, C. Sempror.ius ^xtratinw-, and Qnir-tas 
 FabiHsFiM.'.ms. 
 
 A forrein matter, but yet worthy to be remembted and here inferred, is reported to have hap- 
 ned that year: to wit, that Vidtnn.Hm a City of the TuLanes, whiv h now is Cnpu , was by tbe 
 Samnites taken: and that it came to be named Ca^na, o^'oneC^pis theirCiptain,or (wbith loun- 
 dech more like a truch^otthechampian field. But they wan it by uiis means. For iiponoccaiion 
 that the Tufcans were wearied with former wars , they were admitted into the fo^iety of their 
 City and territory. Andonalolemn feallival day, when as the citizens hadhlled their beliies,and 
 B were found alleep, thtfc new Coioners the Samnits, fee upon the old inhabicants^and in the nighe 
 feafon flew them all. ,■* 
 
 But now to return. Things pafling thus (as I faid before) the Confuls abovensmcd upon the * i j of De^ 
 *lde3 ofDecember, entredtheirgovernment. By which tirne not only they wWwh were of pur- «-'it><;K 
 pofefenc to learn the news of the Volfciansjhroughc word chat war was at hand .but Emba0adors 
 alfo from the Latins and Hernicks, gave intelligence of the fame. And namely ,th^t never at any 
 timeafore, the Volfcians were more bufy and occupied, either in chufingofgood Captains, or in 
 levying an army, giving out theiefpeeches abroad and in e\ery place , That the time was now 
 come, either to forget warfare, and lay away fouldiery , and tor ever make account to bear the 
 yoke of thraldom ; orelfe not togive onefoot, norcome behind thofe with wuom they Urove 
 (^for foveraignty, either in manhood or in painful travel, or in Difcipline of warfare. And I'urely 
 they Were no vain tidings that thofe meffengers reported. But the Senators would take no fuch 
 know;c*dge,nor be greatly moved at the matter. And wichal . C.Sewp oniHt.mio whom the charge 
 ot that war was allotted , prefuming upon fortune, as iffhe were alwayes right conltant- and ac 
 command, and leading an army of a people ufed to viflory , againfi thole that were wont tO be 
 over-ome, did ail things rafhly and negligently. So as to fpeak a truth , there was more Romarj 
 Difcipline in the VolkianhoiT,than in the Roman, And fo,fortune (as oftentimes elfe) went with 
 vertue. At the firlt encounter, which by Sewpro^ius was nnheedfuliy and unadvifedly begun.before 
 that either the battaillons were reinforced and (kengthened with frelli fupp.ies of futcour,or the 
 Horfemen ranged inconvenient place, they ran together, jnd came to handifrokes. Andthefirit 
 D token whichway the viilory would encline, was the manner of fhout at thefirlt charge; whJchi 
 by the enemy was more loud, more flirill and continual : but by the Romans dilfonanc. ilneqiTal, 
 dead avid cold, often begun, and often renued : and by their uncertainand variable noife,they be- 
 wrayed the icward fear of their hearts. Whereupon the enemies fo much the more eagerly charged 
 them, prelTitig upon them with their fhields, and laying at them thick with their bright fwords:. 
 on the other tide, the Romans helmets wag, and their cre'ls nod every way as they look abouc 
 them: and as they wereto feek what to do, fo they tremble and run together on heaps: one- 
 while the enficns/land (fill, and were abandoned oftheformolt fighting in the vangnard another 
 white they retired in again amonglf their own fquadron?. Yet vvas not the flight cercain,nor yit 
 the victor/. The Romans fought more to cover and flirowd thcmfelves thai-, to f-ght : to ward 
 E blows ratherthm to ftrike. Tlie Volfcians fet forward their enfigns.preffed uponthc main bat- 
 tel, and favv more enemies under foot flain than running away. And now in all places the Ro- 
 mans retired, notwithftanding 5?w/)r»«.w the Conful both rebuked and alfo exhorted them to 
 ftick to it: for neither his commandment nor the authority and Mjjerty of his countenance a- 
 vailed ought. And immediately had they all turned their backs on the'renemies, ii'Sex. Tcmp.x- 
 fiinsy a Decurion of Horfemen-, had not in this defperate cafe , with a refohice courage and ready ^''= "'l^'' °^ 
 advife. helped at a pinch ; Who cryed with a loud voyce- that tho'e Horfemen whivh would the ^'.^.Tcmpa. 
 falety of thecommon-vvealth,niculd difmount off their Horfes. Ard when the Cornets of Horfe- "''"' 
 menbeliirrd themfclvesat his words nolef';ihan iftheConfulj^sd given commandments' lln- 
 " lefs (faith he) this troupofmen of arms, flay the violence offthe enemies, wefeethelalf of the 
 F'^ Roman Empire. Follow therefore in ftead of banner difplayed , the point of my lance: let 
 "both Roman: and Volfcians fee, that no nation is comparable to you, either for loot or 
 *' Horfe. Whofe encouragement being approved andreceivedwicha fliout, he advancerh for- 
 ward .bearing his ftaff aloft : and what way foever chey go, they enter and make room with for- 
 cible fwsy : and where chey fee their fellows in greatelf diftrefs , thither they make ipeed , op- 
 pofing their targets afore them. And thus in every plice whereas they thrnfi themfclves for- 
 cibly, was the fight renued: and doubilefs the enemies had turned their backs, if poffible it had 
 been, for fo few to have performed every thing at on.e.Now when as the General oftheVoU 
 fcians, faw hismen not r.ble to withRand them, he gave a fignal and charge to give way to this 
 new b.nd ofenernies, to wit, thefeTargcttiers : untilfuch time as they had put themfeUes fofor- 
 G wardthar they might be excluded from their fellows. VVhich being done, thefe Horfemen were 
 endofed on every fide : neither could they breakthrou-ch that way whi-h they wen:, becaufe the 
 enemies were there thickeR, w here they had made their lane before. The^Cof. rhen, w it h the le- 
 gions o'. the Romans, having loft the fighr ofthofe th.it had been a fhield of defence and buKvark 
 erewVileio the whole army, left thatfo many hardymenthusinvJrored,. fl-iouid be overpreffed 
 bv'he enemies ; refolved to adventure any peril or i'a7.ard whatfopver. 1 he Volfcians werelike- 
 vvif; divcrfly occupied ?<: troubled. For on the one fide cheyb,ireoffrheC.of. and legions: on the 
 other fide they affronted Tempanim fore^Si the Horfemen: who feeing that after many affayes and 
 
 N 2 offers
 
 k6 
 
 The fourth BooJ{ofT, Livius. 
 
 offers they could not break forth to theirfellows, gat up unto a certain little Hill,and call them- j^ 
 leives into a ring and Hood to their defence, not without doing feme mifchief to their enemies : 
 neither cave they o\ er fighting until night. The Conful alfo maintained the battel fo long as he 
 could l'ee,and kept the enemy play. So the night parted them afunder, and uncertain ft was who 
 bad the upper hand. And for that the event was unknown^who Iped the better,fo great aterrour 
 came upon both parts in their camps, thatleaving the wounded and agreatpartot theirxariages 
 behind , both armies as taking themfelves lofers , recovered the mountains th^t were next unto 
 them. Howbeit theHill or bank aforetaid, continued Hill befet round about, until tnidnight. But 
 when word was brought thither to the Aflailants, how that their camp was abandoned : they 
 thinking their fellows vanquifhed, were alfo for their part affrighted, and made fhift and fled in i 
 thedarkas vvellas they could. T(fw;)i?»w, fearing an ambufliment, kept his men there together 
 until day light. Then went hedown withafew todifcoverthe coafts: and finding by enquiry 
 made of the wounded enemies, that the tents of the Volfcians were left and forfaken : he was full 
 glad thereat, and called down his fouldiers from the mount, and entrech into the Roman camp. 
 Where feeing all void and forlorn, and finding the fame defolaiion which was amongft the ene- 
 mies: before that the Volfcians upon knowledge of their errour fliould return again , betook 
 with him thofe hurt fouldiers that he could: and not knowing to what quarters the Conful was 
 gone, marcheth forward the next way to the City of Rome. And thither already the bruit of this 
 unlucky fight, and of abandoning the tents, was arrived. But above all the refi, thofe Horfemen 
 were bewailed, and great moan and lamentation was made for them as well in private as in pub- K 
 like. The Cof. Fabius-, feeing the City alfo terrified with this news, kept ward before the gates : 
 by which time , they might difcover the Horfemen aforefaid afar off : but not without fome fear of 
 their parts, doubting who they were. But being foon known, they caufedfo great contentment 
 after former fear, that in moft joyfulmanner.thenoife went through the City, how the Horfemen 
 were returned fafe with viftory.And out of thofe mourning andforrowfulhoufes.which a while 
 afore had bid adieu to their friends and kinsfolk , and bewailed their death , they ran into the 
 flreets and high wayes by heaps. The fearful dames alfo and wives, forgetting, for joy,all decent 
 and womanly modefty , went out to meet the army , fell every one with open armes upon theic 
 own husbands and fons, took them about the neck, clipped and kiffed them, and with all their 
 hand and heart received them ; yea, and for exceeding joy were almoft paR themfelves. l 
 
 '^f 
 
 The Interro- 
 gatories tcn- 
 dred unto 
 Ttmpamh* by 
 C, JuUm a 
 Tribun of the 
 Commons. 
 
 The mode ft 
 anrwerotTrw- 
 ftniut, to the 
 former Inter- 
 togacorici. 
 
 The Tribuns of the Commons, who had challenged and accufed M. Pojihumius and T. Quiyt- 
 r/«<,torthat by their default, there was an unlucky fight before T.?// : feemed to have good occa- 
 fion and opportunity offered now, by bringing the Conful Sempro»:us into frefli and new hatred 
 and difgrace, for to renue the conceived difpleafure and malice of the people againH them. Having 
 affembled therefore the people together , with open mouth they declared , that the Common- 
 wealth was betrayed firrt, at^^^.jby the leaders, and afterwards, beraufethey went clear away 
 withal, andunpunifhed, therefore the army mVolfci was Hkewifelolt by the Conful: and that a 
 troup of moft valiant knights were thus cart away and given to be murdered, and the camp fliame- 
 fully left and forfaken. Then C. Julius^ one of the Tribims,commanded TcmfMiw the Horieman 
 to be called, and before them all faid, " I would know of thee O Sextas 7fw^-:»i«/,whether thou M 
 " think ihnC.Scmpro>iit^stbe Conful, either began battelin good time, orHrengthnedhis bat- 
 ''taiilons with good fuccorsandfupplies ? or whether thou thy felf, when as the Roman legions 
 " and footmen were difcomfited, o[ thine own head and policy, caiiledrt the Horfemen to alight 
 *' on foot, and thereby reenforced thefight ? Afterwards, when thou and thy men of arm.s were 
 " fliut out from ourbattel, whether either the Conful himfelf came to refcue, or fent any fuccor 
 "unto thee? Lallofall, whether the morrow after, thou hadlt any aid or refcue at all? Whe- 
 "ther thou and thy troup ofHorfemen brake through into the camp by your own hardinefsand 
 "valor? And whether ye found in the camp any Conful or army, or rather the pavilions aban- 
 "doned, and the fouldiers left behind , hurt and wounded ? Tothefe premiffes and points, 
 *' haft thou to fpeak this day upon thy vertue, and the faith of a fouldier : by which only, in this N 
 "kWar-fervice the Common-weal hath Rood preferved. Finally,where C.Sempronins-, and where 
 " our legions be? Whether thou wert forfaken thy felf, or whether thou forfookeft the Conful 
 "and the army? And to conclude, whether we have loft or won the field ? To thefe demands> 
 TensfMius made (as they fay) no fine Oration, but a grave pithy fpeech like a fouldier : not full of 
 felf-pr.ufes, nor fhewing any gladnefs for the fault of another, ?nd anfwered in this wife: How 
 great skill (quoth he) ot martial tisats, and what fnfficiency is in C. Sewpromuf^ it is not for me a 
 fou'diertojudge, noryet to make any eflimate of my General: but it was for the people of ^o.'^jf 
 to determine thereof, at whattimeasby their fuffrages and voyces. in a foiemn Election, they 
 chofehim Conful. " And therefore yearenottoenquireof me, and tobeinformed, either of the 
 "policies of a General Captain, orvertues and duties of a Conful: deep points to be examined, q 
 *' weighed, and difcourfed by great wits, reachmg heads, and high minds. But for that which I 
 " with mine eye faw, lam able to make report and teftlfy ; namely. That before himfelf was ex- 
 " eluded out of the battel , I beheld the Conful fighting manfully in the vanguard, encouraging 
 "hi- menearneftly, and even amongft the Roman Standards, and Pikes of the enemies bufily 
 " employed. After which I was carried from the fight of my fellows,howbeic by the ftirjnoife and 
 " fliouting, I well perceived, that the conflift continued until night. Neither was it pofTible (as 
 <• I thought) for them to break through unto the Hill which I kept , by reafon of the multitude 
 
 <^of 
 
 4
 
 The fourth Boof^ofT, Livius. iiy 
 
 A " of enemies between. As for the army, what is become of it, I know not : But 1 fuppofe, that 
 " as I my felf in an extremity and fearful cafe, defended my felfand my men^ by advantage of the 
 "ground •* fo the Conful for to fave the army-, took fome morelafe place toencnmpin. Neither 
 '■ thinki veriiy, that the Vollciansftcod in better terms than the Romans fortune wa?. And the 
 "•ddrknefsofthenit;ht (no doubt) caufed errourandconfufion on every fide, and in all places. 
 After which fpeech when as he beloiighc them, not to hold him any longer,we.iried with travel, 
 and faint of his wounds: he was with exceeding prsife both of his valiant fenice and alfo of his 
 modert fpeech, licenced to depart. 
 
 Whiles ihefe things thuspafled, the Confulbythattime, had marched by theway ofL^'^/a.w 
 
 ]5 as far as to the Temple of * j^/f; : thithetwere wains, draught-beaflsand himpterHorfesfent V"^''*^ poWefi 
 from the City , to receive and eafe the army , toiled out with fight , and tired by journying all » feftandRc" 
 night. Within a whileafter, theCof. entred into the City : who endeavoured not more, toput ^"^ ' 
 the fault from himfelf, than to extol Temfmins^ and give him hisduedcfervedpraifes. Now 
 whiles the City was fad and heavy for this hard hap, and angry alio with the Captains: behold, 
 jM.PofllmmttiSi who before had been accufed, was now preiented unto the people, for to wreak 
 theircholer and malice upon. He had been a Tribun Military in place of a Cof. at F'«;, and now 
 wascondemned,& a finefet on his head often thoufand AHes ofbrafs. But z$\otTitns QnhititM-, ^\B,<; ^h.&zt, 
 his fellow in government, becaufethat among the Volf:ians be had ferved fortunately as Conful, 
 under the conduit of PoflhumittsTil^ertus the Diilator : and like wife at f/Wf^e, as Lieutenant of 
 
 Q the other Diftator MumtrcHs tA-inylim , and laid the whole fault of that other time from him- 
 felf upon his collegue before condemnsd:he was found unguilty and acquit by all the Tribes. It is 
 faid that the frefh remembrance ofhis father 0>c-/V??.««;, lace a right worlhipful citizen; helped 
 him much: Yea,and Capit'jli':HsQHinti:!s a very aged man, did him no hurt-who humbly befoiighc 
 them that they would not fuffer him, having but a while in this world to live,fortobeche cayitr 
 of lo heavy news unco Cincin;:atHs. TheCommons made Tribuns of the commonalty, Sex. Tem- 
 ■f(iniHs^A.Sellins-,Sex.Anti^iu!iVCiA Sex, Pompilius in their ab'.ence: whom alfo the Horfemen had 
 chofen for their Captains or Centurions,in the former exploit, by the advifeandcounfelof T'em- 
 pamw. But the Senators, becaufe now for hatred of SemproniasiX-hz name of Confuls mifliked and 
 offended them, determined that military Tribuns with Confiils authority, fhould be created. So 
 
 D there were chofen L. Afanlius CapitoUy.nsi Q^ Amonhis M.crend.t',L, Papyrins Mu^Hanus, 
 
 In the very beginning of the year L.HortenftHs thefifch Tribun of the commonalty, accufed C. 
 Sempronius the Conful of the former year. And when as his other four fellows in offi.e, in the 
 fightofthepeopleof ^(7wi?befought him inot to trouble their guiklefs Captain, inwhom nothing 
 could be blamed or found fault withal, but adverfe fortune: /forff?/7«x could hardly abide, buc 
 thought it was but to prove and trye hisrefoluteconllancy: and that the party accul'ed, trulfed 
 not upon the prayer and intercellion of the Tribuns, which only for a fhevv was pretended, buc 
 upon their fupport and afRlfance. And therefore turning one while to SemfroniMs himielf, deman- 
 ded what was become of that hauty courage and (lomack, fo ordinary in thofe of Senators cal- 
 ling? and where was thatmagnanlmity which relied and relied upon innocency ?Jince that he ha- 
 
 E ving been a Conful, was fain to flielter and fhrowd himfelf under the fhadowand proted^ionof 
 the Tribuns? Another while directing his fpeech to his fellow Tribuns: but you my Mafters 
 f'quoth hej what will ye do? if I profecute mine action againfl him iViU, and convidl: him in the 
 end; Will ye take from thepeople their right;and overthrow the authority of the Tribuns among 
 the Commons ? When they again faid and interred, that the people of /Juwe had abfolute power 
 todo what they would, both with ^moro^/^;, and all others: and that they neither would nor 
 could abridge the people of their judgment. But if (fay they) our prayers in the beha'f of our Ge- 
 neral, who was to us in Read of a father, may not avail, then will we together with him change 
 our weed for company. Nay,God forbid (quoth Honenfms) The Commons of ^»?«f fhall ne\er 
 lee their Tribuns arrayed in foiled and mournful apparel. And as ioiC.Scwpronius^l have now no 
 
 F more to fay to him, fince that he hath carried himlelf fo, whiles he was General, as that he hath 
 gained thus much, as to be lb dearly beloved ofhis fouldiers. Neither was thekindnefs of thole 
 four Tribuns more acceptable to the Commons and Nobles, than the good nature ot Hortenfius, 
 who at their reafonablerequeft, wasfoeafy tobepicifiedand intreated. 
 
 It was no long time that fortune fawned upon the ^.quians: who embraced the doubtful li- 
 ftory ofthe Volfcians,3nd tookit astheirown. The next year after, when Cn.FabiutFibul,.- 
 fiiis-, and T. Q^iintins Cafudr.nn^ the fon o^Capitoihi.-ts. were Conluls : by the leading of Fabim., 
 unto whom was allotted that Province, nothing was done there worthy of remembrance. For 
 when as the jEquians had made femblance of a battel , and brought their army only in fight, 
 they were in fearful wile loon difcomfitcd, and fiiamefully fled, miniilring no matter otgreatho- 
 
 G nor to the Cof. And therefore was he denied triumph. But yet becaufe the ignominy of"theloire 
 which happened by Sempronhts.viz?, pardy allayed, it was granted that he might enter Ovant into 
 the Ciry. | A General was faid to enter Ovant into the City, when ordinarily without his army 
 following him he went on foot, or rode on Horfeback only, and the people in their Acclamations ^['^ ^'a'h"cl 
 for joy redoubled O/'ff orOAo. So that Oyrr/fl is a fmuch a? O/wf/a : Howfoever, fome think il'u af'amaf- 
 that Ov It to tor,]-: the name of facrificing a fheep. Bur he rode in triumph, when his fouldiers at- ginainou. 
 tended him n his chariot crying /o Triiti^p he. In this hecariedabranch,orware a garland of law- 
 rel, in the other of Myrtle. So that the Ovation was alefs honor than the Triumph. And it was 
 
 N ? granted
 
 1)8 
 
 The fourth Bool^ofT, Livius. 
 
 » The v»c»ncy 
 ot the fo- 
 veraign Ma- 
 giftrace. 
 
 The Oration 
 of L, Papyriut 
 
 the Nobles & 
 Commons of 
 Rome, 
 
 The com- 
 plaints of P()W- 
 pi/iw and ^x- 
 ri/?iw againft 
 Airatinut the 
 Tribunmili- 
 
 granted to inferior perfous, and for meaner defert. Whereas, noneufually might triumph, unlefsy 
 he were Dictator , Co(. or Preror, and had flain in field 5000 enemies atthelealt , won much 
 fpoil and pillage, and augmented the State of the Roman Empire.] Like as the war was difpatthed 
 with lei's ado than they teared: lo in the Cityjafter a calm and peaceable ftate,there arofe between 
 the Commons and Nobles, a world ot dilcords and troubles more than they expe6ted. Which 
 began upon occalion of doubling the number of Queiiors. For when the Confuls had pro- 
 pounded, that befides two Queiiors or Treafurers ofthe City, there fhould be other twain ready 
 to attend upon the Confuls, for all fervices and charges belonging to war : and when the Nobles 
 alfo with all their power had approved it, the Tribuns of the Commons entred into a contention 
 with the Confuls, and required that fome ofthe Queiiors Cforuntihhat time they had been ere- \ 
 ated from out of the degree ofthe Patritij only J might be likewife ofthe Commons. Againft 
 which demand, at the tirft , both Confuls, and alfo the Nobles, laboured with might and main. 
 But afterwards having granted thus much. That as the ufe and pradlife was in creating of Tribuns 
 with Confuls authority, fo in like manner, in the Election ofQueftors, the people fliould have 
 their free liberty to chufe. And feeing they gained little thereby, and could effeit no good, they 
 wholly let fall their former matter, about increafmg the number of the Queftors. But although 
 it were thus by them given over, the Tribuns took it in hand again, and fet it on toot : yea, and 
 other feditious aflions befides very often fprang forth, and among the reft, thofe alfo concerning 
 the Law Agraria. Upon which troubles, when as the Senate was of mind, that there fhould be 
 Confuls rather than Confular Tribuns created ; and by reafon ofthe Tribuns ftepping between j^ 
 with their negative voyce, no decree of the Senate could paffejthe government of the Common- 
 weal was devolved from Confuls to an * Interreign , bur not without exceeding great debate : 
 for that the Tribuns kept the Patritij from meeting and packing together. Now when as the 
 greater part of the year following was fpent, with much ftrife and contention between the new 
 Tribuns and certain Imerregents, whiles one while the Tribuns ftayed the Nobles from aflem- 
 bling together about the chuhngof an Interregent, and anotherwhiletrofled thelnterregent for 
 granting out any Aft of Senate or warrant, for the eiedtion of Confuls : at the laft , L. Papyrius 
 Mugillanui-, being declared Interregent, fometimes rebuked the Nobles, and fometimes blamed 
 the Commons, and faid: "That the Common-wealth neglefted and forlorn ot all men, was 
 " taken into prote6tion of the Gods, and guided by their care and providence : ftanding upright , 
 *' and fafe only, upon the truce obferved by the Veientians, and the flow fpeed or fmall haft that 
 " the jEquians made to war. From whence, if any trouble fliould happen to arife, it is your will 
 " (quoth he) and pleafure be'.ike.that the ftate fhould befurprifed and aflaiied, whiles it is with- 
 " out any Magiftrate ofthe Nobility. For neither is there an army ready, nor yet a Captain to 
 "raife an army. What ? think ye to put back forrain war abroad by civil difcord at homePWhich 
 '■ if they both fliouldcome together,there were no other remedy though all the Gods in Heaven 
 " ftiould fet to their helpinghand, but that the Common-we-ilofy^oweftiould utterly be fubver- 
 " ted. Yecratherremitevery one of you fom.ewhat of the rigor of your full jurisdiction, and 
 "(forthelove ofGod) take fome indifferent courfe to joyn in unity : the Nobles for their part, 
 *- by fuffering Military Tribuns to be created in lieu of Coif, the Tribuns again by no more th war- yt 
 "tin" and interpofing their negative, but that four Qiieftors may be cholen by the free \oyces of 
 "the people, from out ofthe Commons andNobles, one with another. Firft therefore was the 
 High Court held for choofing foveraign Tribuns: and Tribuns there werecreated in Confular au- 
 thority, allof the Nobility ; namely-,L. QuinttusCtnclnnMm the third time, Sex. Furius Aicdnl- 
 liniis the fecond time, A1- Manlhts-. and A. Sim^rontm Atrattms. Wher this Tribun laft named, 
 wasprefident of the ElecVionfor Queftors, and the ionof A fitijlinj a Tribun of the Commons, 
 and a brother befdes to another Tribun,one Sex. Pompil.us ftood for the dignity, among certain 
 other of the Commoners : neither all their own means that they could make, nor all the voyces 
 they could procure, were able to prevail, but that the people preferred perfons to theplaccaccor- 
 ding to their gentry and high birth : namely, whofe lathers and grand-fathers they had feen Con- j^ 
 fuls. All the'Tribuns of the Commons ftormed and chafed at this, but efpecially Pompilius and 
 A>^tiftitis, being fet on fire at the repulfe of thefe their friends. " What fhould this mean (fay 
 *' iheyjthat none ofthe Commons, neither in regard of their own merits, nor confidering the 
 " injuries at the Nobles hands nor yet for defire they might pretend to the firft hanfel of that au- 
 "thority, which now was lawful, and never heretofore : that none of the Commons (I fayj was 
 " created, if not a Military Tribun yet not fomuch as a Qiieftor ? What, that neither the fathers 
 " prayer in the behalf of bis fon, nor a brothers fuit in favour of a brother, being Tribuns both of 
 " them,invefted in that facred authorityand which firft was erefted for the maintenance of com- 
 " mon freedom, could ought at all prevail ? Surely there is fome fraud and jugling in the matter : 
 " and A. Scmpro»i-s , hath in the Eleftlon ufed more art and cunning than truth and fidelity, q 
 Complaining that by his injurious and indireff dealing, their friends had taken the foil. When as 
 therefore they might not by any violence touch his own perfon and attach him , being fenced 
 with innocency in this Aftion, and fecured by vertue otthe office which then he bare : they 
 wreaked their fehes anddifcharged their choler upon C.Semproniu;^ thecouiin germain of Atra- 
 ti'us by the brother: and with the help oiUi^.Canuleius^ one oftheircollegues,arreftedhimfor 
 the ignominious fervice in the Volfcian war. Ever and anon, alio the fame Tribuns made fome 
 worcis and motion in the Senaie-houfe, concerning the divilion ofLands, and revived the law 
 
 Agraria 
 
 i
 
 The fourth Boo^ofT.hiv'ms, 139 
 
 A Agraria. fwhich CsSemproniHs ac all times moft (harply and eagerly had w itbRood. Supporing,as 
 icfeilouc indeed, tint the accufed perl'on (hould either by giving over the caufe, belelselieemed 
 ot" the Nobles : or ii he ctood to it Hill until thetime of judgment drew neat) he ihould dil'pleale 
 and orfend the Commons. But hechofe rather to be the object of the difpleafureand malae of 
 thepeop e, that were oppofed and bent againlt him jandfo to wound his own private elkte: than 
 to betray the common and pubiike caufe: andperhrtedrefolucein the fame mmdeUilUhat there 
 {hould no bribing donative be granted,thac might win and procure favour unto thofe threecor- 
 rupt T;ibuns:-'For it isnot land and living (quoth he) that they flioot at, for the benefit of the ThefinguUr 
 *• Commons; that is not their leeking: but their drift is to work and procure difpleafure unto me: conftancy of 
 ■D''and therefore I wiiitormy part-, abide that llorm and tempell with arefolutemlnd. And the c.Atrauniu. 
 "Senate ought not to eliccm either of me, or of any citizen elfefo highly, as to buy the fparing 
 "of one man fo dear, even with the harm and dammjgeof the whole Pcate. The day of judiaai 
 tryal came. VVhen as he had pleaded for himfelf, and feemed nothing daunted at the matter: 
 yet, for all that ever the Nobles could do who tryed all means, but in vain, to mitigate and de- » > ;;^_ n^^ 
 laytheheat of the Commons, condemned he was in 'fifteen thoufandAlTes. The lame year Po/- td.fiet\. 
 humid a VeUal Nun, was called in queliion for incontinency and in.elf , and came to her anfwer. Pojihumia fu- 
 A Virgin guiltleis for any deed done : but fcarcely of good name and fame : by reafon that fhe was ^P'^_^'i «' 1"- 
 iuipeited for her apparel and going more light and garifh in her attire : yea, and for her wit, more foj'hjr'^pl^J,'. 
 conceited and pieafanc, than became amaid, andnothLngrefpediveofthefpeechof the world, fantwitand 
 (-Hertryai wasput over to a farther day, and fhe (after flie had twife pleaded) in the end was ac- gayappirel. 
 quit: oniy the high Prieltby the advife, and in the name of the whole colledge,fchooledherjand 
 gave her warning to leave her fports, taunts, and merry conceits : and in her rayment to hefeen 
 not fo gay as devout , and wear her garments rather fainftly than Tightly. The fame year was 
 Cttmes^ a City inhabited at that time by the Greeks, taken by the Campanians. 
 
 The year foiiowing had military Tribuns with Confuls authority, Agrippa Mcne>u»s Lanatus, 
 P.LHcret'tis Tyicifitinas-, Sf, Natt'tHs Scrvilitis, A year, by thehappineis and good fortune of 
 the people oi Rome-, more notable for a danger efcaped, than for any harm received. Ceitain Aconrplracy 
 bond-fer ants had confpiredtofire the City in divers placesfarafunder: for this intent,when the ofbondflaves^ 
 people fliouid be bulily occuoied. here and there, to fave their houfes, then by force andarmes to 
 D furprife the Calile and Capitol. But J«/;/fer turned away and difappointed their wicked defign?. 
 For by the peaching and information of twain, the reft of the malefaftors were taken and execu- 
 ted. But thofe that difcloled and revealed the conipiracy, had ten thoufand pound in brafs mony i^ I'li-I ■ P'' ^' 
 Cwiiich was in thofe dayes thought to be great riches^ weighed them out of the City chamber, 
 and freedom behdes, for their reward. 
 
 After this, began the iEquians to renue war: and word was brought ro Rome by credible per- 
 fons,that certain new enemies alfo,to wit theLavicans,joyned together in counfel with the old. 
 Thefe ^quian?, were good neighbours : tor once a year ordinarily, they ufed to put the City of 
 Rowe to the pains of warring with them, and not mifs. Embafladors then were fent to Livicos^ 
 who brought doubtful anlwers from thence: whereby it appeared that neither at that inftant they 
 E werereadyto war, nor yet were like to continue long in peace. The Tuf.ulans were charged, to 
 take good heed, and have an eye thatway, that no new (lirs and troubles fliould arife ar L.ivtcos, 
 There came Embaffadors from Tufctdum-^ to L. Sergius Fidenas^ M, PapjriHs Mngi'Lvans^ and C. 
 Scrviliiis. the Ion o\ Q^ervilias Pnfens .• (by whom,being Diit.itor, Fidem was wonj who were 
 Military Tribuns in Confuls authority the year following. Thefe Embaffadors brought news that 
 the Lavicans were out , and in armes, and joyning with the ^quians army , had fornged the coun- 
 try of 'TufcHliim^ and encamped themielvesin AlqiAum, Then was war proclaimed a^ainll the 
 Lavicans. And when by a decree made by the Senate, that two of the Confular Tribuns fliould 
 goto war, and one manage the affairs of ^cwf.- there arofe a contention on a Sunday, among the 
 faid Tribuns, Every one thought himfelf the meetcft and moftfufficient min, to beGeneralof 
 F the war, refufing the (.barge of the City, as a bafe, difhonourable, and thanklefs office. As the Se- 
 nators mnfed and wondred, to lee amongff thofe that were fellows in governmentfo undecent a 
 (Irife and contention ; then O. Servdms : '■'■ Seeing that (quoth he) there is no reverent regard, 
 ^"^ either of this honorable houfe, or of the Common- wealth : the father his countenane and 
 "dread Majefty, fhal end this debate. Myfonwithoutany lot calling, fhall govern the City as, 
 "Prelident. Godgianr, that they which love war fo well, may manage it with mcredil'cretion 
 ** and con'~ord thin theywifhir. As for a general muflertobelevicdoutof all the people in- 
 differently, that was not liked of. So ten Tribes were drawn by lor, out ofwhich, the yonder 
 fort were prert t'orth to warunder iheconducf of thetwoTiihuns. Theftrife which beganto 
 be kindled among them in the City, through thefame dehreftill of foveraignty, brake forth and 
 G grew much hotter in the camp. In nothing agreed they- driving whole opinion flionld Hand: 
 each one would have his own way : his own commindments obeyed and none elfe : one defpi- 
 fed another, and were defp'fed one of the other: until at length, upon the Lieutenants n^proof, 
 they grew to thispninr,and this order was taken : Thar they iliould each other day, rule one a- 
 lonebv him e'fa'ifoluf'Hy. Which news being brought to Rwe, it is reported thar^. Servlms^ 
 a man tor his years and long experience right skiltull, prayed of the immortal Gods, that by the 
 variance and difcord of the Tribuns, theCommon-weilth fudained not more harm, than they 
 had received at re/ox. Ad as if there were no doubt, but that fome great lofs and overthrow was 
 
 ready
 
 i^o 1'be fourth BooJ{ofT, Livius. 
 
 ready to happen, he was inftant upon his fon, to levy fouldiers^and to provide munition for war, j^ 
 Neither proved he a falfe and vain Prophet. For by the leading of L.Sergius-, wliofe d.^y ii was 
 to rule, when as the enemy under a colour of fear, withdrew unto the tren*.h,ancl lo trayncd tnem 
 thither upon a fooUfh hope to win the camp, even under the very camp of the enemies in an un- 
 even ground of difadvantage,they were luddenly charged by the ^quiansjdifcomfited and chafed 
 down the valley: and many in their fall, which was greater than the flight, were trod under f'^ot 
 and flain, and with much ado that day kept they their own tents. The morrow alter, when as 
 now the enemies had befet a great part of the camp, they fhameluUy fled away, at the back gate, 
 and forfook the camp. The Captains ,Lieutenants,and theftrength remaining of thearmy,which 
 kept to their enhgns and colours, went to Tttfcidum. Other that were Mattered here and there i 
 about the fields by fundry wayes, made hali to Ro>mc, and reported there the overthrow to be 
 greater than indeed it was. Lefs was the trouble and forrow, becaufe men looked lor no better 
 iffue and luccefs : and alio for that, there was help and fuccour (which they were to have an eye 
 unto in fo fearful a cafe^ provided by the Tribun aforehand. At whofe commandment, when as 
 the tumult was by the inferiour Magiflrates appeafed in the City , efpials were fent out in hatt : 
 who brought word that the Captains and the army was at Tufculunt : and that the enemy had 
 not removed his camp. And then (which encouraged them moll of all) by the Senates decree, 
 j^ Servilim Prtfcus wss chofen Dictator, a man whofe Providence over the Common- weal,the 
 City as many other times afore, fo in the event of that war had experience of: for that he only 
 fufpeiled the contention of the Tribuns afore this unhappy foil. Who having nominated Gene- K' 
 raloftheHorfemen, his fon (as fome fay^ by whom being military Tribun, himfelf was declared 
 Diftator (for others there be that write how ServUius Ha'a was that year General of the Horfe) 
 went forth with a frefli army to war, and having joyned unto him thofe which were at Tufculum, 
 he pitched his tents, two miles from the enemy. But fee the fruit ot good fuccefs. The pride and 
 negligence which had been amongft the Roman Captains , went from tbtmtoihe jEquians. 
 Therefore in the firfl beginning of the conflift, when the Diilator with his Horfemen whom he 
 fent againft them had difordered and put out of array theformofl ranks ot the enemies.then com- 
 maflded he the enfigns of the legionary footmen with all fpeed to follow hard upon: and one en- 
 fion-bearer of his own, who madefomeflay , he flew with his own hand. Then vvere they fo 
 earneftly fet to give an hot charge, that the ^quians could nor abide their force: and being in j, 
 fioht overthrown, when as they fled all amain to the camp, the alVault thereof was both fhortet 
 and with lefs ado, than was the battel. When the camp was taken and fpoiled , and that the Di- 
 ftator had ^ iven the pillage unto the fouldiers : and that the Horfemen.which chafed the enemies 
 from the camp, had brought word back, that all the Lavicans vvere overthrown, and a great pare 
 of the jEquians vvere fled to Lavicos : the day following was the army alibied thither, and the 
 Town compafled and befet round about, fcaled, and facked. The Dictator having brought home 
 to ^owf his victorious army,upontheeight day after he was chofen , gave over his offii.e. And 
 in veryood time, before there was any ledition (lirredup about theLaw v^ffr/i^i^, by the moti- 
 on of the Tribuns of the Commons , for the divifion of theLavicans Lands : the whole body-of 
 A Colony ''""^ Senate appointed that aColony fliould be fent to Lavios. So there were fent from the City M 
 planted at tfl. a thoufandand five hundred to inhabit there, and two acres apiecegiven them of Land, 
 WW. After the winning of L^t^/co/, there were created Military Tribuns withConfuls authority, to 
 
 wit, AgripriJt Aienemus hanattts-, and L. ServUius Stran^Hs-jWilh P.LucretiHs Tricifniiius (all three J 
 the fecond time) and Sp. Veturius Crajf^s : and the year following ^. Senifronius Atrattmds, the " 
 third time, and thefe twain, M. P^fyritts Mugtlliinus, and Sf. Nmtim Rut.-ltis the fecond time : 
 for thefetwo years there waspeace abroad, butdlfcord at home about theLaws AgrarLi. They 
 that troubled the people, were Sp. MeciUusy who now the fourth time, and MetUms, who the 
 third time were madeTribuns of the Commons, both abfent.And when they had publifhed their 
 hSi-, That all Lands conquered from the enemies, fliould be divided by the poll: by which Ordi- 
 nance, the poflTeffions of a great part of the Nobility became confilcate , ( for fmce their City was N 
 fcituate and built in a firange ground , there was in a manner no Land lay to it, which had not 
 been purchafed by the fword ; neither enjoyed the Commons any. but that which either had 
 been fold oraffigned to the Commons jthisfeemed to be a bone cad between iheNobles and the ■ 
 Commons, to fet them together at (Irife and contention. Neither knew the Military Tribuns any 
 way to take counlel in this cafe, albeit one while they aflembled theSenp.te, and another while 
 met in private conference with the Nobility, Then ApfmsCUudiHi, ^the nephew orgrandlon 
 of notorious ^^//i^'V/^ the Decemvir, created for the making of Laws,' the pnny ofal' ihecounrel 
 The fpeechof of the Nobility, made (asit isrepoited)thisfpeech,andfaid , "That he world impart unto them 
 ^pcUudtiu to '-'that which he had received by tradition from hisanceflours, to wit, an old devi'b, and appro- 
 thc enators. <- priate to his houfe, for that his great grandhre ytff' us Claudius-, had Oiewed unto the Nobles q 
 " the only vviy, to abate and take down the Tribuns power ; nairpiy, by the coming between 
 " and negative voyce of their fellows. For men new come up, and ri 'en to promotion, might 
 " foon by the arthority of the chief rulers be brought from their purpofe , and m^de ro '"hange 
 " their mind, if otherwhi'es thofe great men in place wot^ldurefomefpeecb unto them fitted and 
 "framed rather to the time and prefent occalion thnnrcfped:ive tochitirovvnhigb pUceand dig- 
 *' nity : for evermore the heart and courage of fu.b, is ai co-ding to their degree ird wealth. And 
 " when they fee once their fellows pofleffcd firft afore them of the caufe.and thereby crept wholly 
 
 " into
 
 The fmrth Boo{ ofT, Livius. 141 
 
 A " into all the favour with the Commons, and that no room is left for themfelves to have any 
 "part thereof, chey wilibewiimg enough to endine and ondelcend iioto the Senate, and take 
 ." their p^rt: by means whereof they might wind into the lo^e and good gra^e ofchat univer- 
 ,*' fail itate and partiaiiarly wita the printipal Lords of the Nobihty. Which Ipee.ti, when they 
 all had approved and elpedaily i^. .Vf >■://';« Pnfau, who prailed the young Gentleman torthac 
 he w-isnoc thrown out of kind, nor degenerate from the Ho k and race ot the C/^«i^7, then every 
 min was let about this buunels, to lee whom of the Colledge or company of Tribuns, they could 
 win and dr.. w tocrotsand flop the Act for goingforward. The Senate now being broken up, 
 t le i.hief ot the Nobles caught hold of theTribiins,and were in hand with them perfwadrng^ex- 
 B horcing, and afluring them, that they fhould every ore in private gratify not only, bucallothe 
 whole body of the Senate in general : and never gave over, until they had procured lix of them to 
 interpofe their negative, andto .rofstheLaw. The morrow after, when asof purpo e a matter 
 was propounded afore theSenue, about thefedition whi^h Mediums zad Afet thus hid raifed,by 
 a Largefs of dangerous ..onfcquence ; fu h fpeeches were by the principal of the Nobles delivered, 
 that each one tor himrelftonfeffed , that now they were to fcek for counfel , and faw no other 
 help nor remedy but in the authority of the Tribuns: to the proteclion and fitegardol which 
 Magirtracy, the Common- weal betook her lelf; and fled tor fuci-our, as being bejec with danger, 
 likefomepoor private perlon.^nd hadnoothermejnstofaveherl'elf: faying. That it would be 
 both for themlelves , and alio for their authority an honorable thing, if it might appear, that the 
 Q puiflan e of their Tribun'hip were not more imployed in molellingthe Senate , and making dii- 
 cord among the States thaninreiillingtlie peevifh wilfulnes of their coUegues. Whereupon arofe 
 a great noife through the who.e company oftheSemtors, whiles out of all parts of the Court 
 thvte affembled , ihcy called upon the Ti ibun-; for their helping hand. Then Iter filcnce made, 
 liiey (who for the favour o the Lords oftheSenKC) were madeaforehandto their caufe^ de- 
 clared And>onfe(Ted* thar they were ready to croisthat ail, by their fellows pubiiii-ed, feeing the 
 Senate judged it to beprejudi, ialtothe Common-wealth. Thefe Tribuns for the otFer oftheic 
 good ferviic, were by the Senate highly thanked. But the Authors and Patrons ofthe Adafore- 
 fa'di tiling togettier \n aflemb y of the Com nons, when they had inveighed againft their fellows 
 m^^t ihitp , termmg them betrayers of I he Common-wealth, and flavesto the Nobles: and u- 
 D hn" ot ner bitter fpee he-, gave oter their idtion and fuir. 
 
 Two grievon-i wars had continued all the year next following fwhetein P.CorncliKsCoffus,C^ 
 V'le'' ■' P ttrttr^ '^utnftsCincinnattts . and J^, F tbius Vibal.t nts^ were military Tribuns in CoflT. 
 authority; bat that the Veientian war was deferred by thefuperftitious fear of their own Princes; 
 who'egrou'id ^ybn-s (oerflo wing the bmk^J had fpoiled and overthrown alfo the villages and 
 bo'ifes thatiiood ther upon. The .tquians likewifeby reafon of their lots received three years 
 before madenogrci h I'i to aid ind alTifl the Volans a people oftheir own nation. Forthey 
 hid nade ertainrode:> into the La deans Country, confining upon them, and warred upon the 
 in') bitants, lately thereplanted. Which trefpafs bvthemdone they hoped to have been able to 
 m.iintain by the banding and afliltance of all the jEquians : but being forfaken of their allies, they 
 E loll both their Town and territory, onlybyfiege, and one light skirmifh, and never fought for it 
 any memorable war. L. 5fA-f/«x alio Tribunof the Comm'ns,a{rayed to make an Aft, that there 
 m ght be fent to VoU as well as to Lavicos-, Coloners to people it : but by the negative of his Aflo- 
 ci • res, who fhewed, that they would not fuffer any Statute of the Commons to pafs without the 
 affent of the Senate, it came to nothing. 
 
 In the year following, the .Cquians having recovered and won again r^/^, and brought a Co- 
 lony thither, fortified the Town with a frefh power, at what time were Tribuns Military in Con- 
 fuls authority at Rome^ Ck. ComelimCoff'S, L, Valerius Potitui-, Q^ F abiits yibulanus i\\z I'econd 
 time, and lM. PofthumiMs Rs^illenfu. The war againft the ifquians, was committed to this Poji- 
 hitmms. amanof a crooked difpol.tion, as his vi6lory fliewedmorethanthe whole courfe of the 
 f war. For having levied an army in haft, and brought it before f^a/^ after fomefmallskirmifhes, 
 he tamed the jEquians and at length entred the Town. And when he had done with the enemies, 
 he began to quarrel with his own louldiers: for whereas during the time of the aflault he had 
 given out by Proclamation, That they (Viouid have the faccage after the Town was once won: 
 he brake promife with them. For I am induced to believe that this was the caufe rather why the 
 army mu' ined and was difcomented , than for th it in a Town lately facked be!ore and in a n; •: 
 Colony there was found let's fpoil than the Tribun m.adeboaft of. But this difpleaUire and anger 
 onceion'civedvvas made the worfe after that he retuned intothe City : for being lent for by his 
 fellows upon occafionof the Tribunitianfeditions, there efcapedbim anindiitreet fpeech-Imutt 
 reeds 'ay yea, and withont all fence, wit, andhonefiy. Which he letfall in an affembly of the 
 G Commons: wherein it hapned, that as ^'-A-r/ir. a Tribun oftheCommons,w,is preferring the law 
 ^■'iriYta andfaying withal. That he would propofe an Aft that Colonet'; fhould likewife be fent 
 xr\"'nl£ forthat they vveie worthy to have both the Town and Lands oi J^oU, who had by fword 
 and "peir ronqne''ed the fame. PofiU »;/«t caught the word out of his mouth ^ Ard that ITiall my 
 fonld-ers Heerlv abide (qnoth he )unlefs theybemorequiet.Which word heing overheard offen- 
 ded not 'o the Com p^e ently there in place aflemblcd a": the Lords of the Senate awhi e after. 
 Ml- rcover the Trihunaforefaid an dive man, and eloquent withal, having among his adverfa- 
 ties met with a proud humorous fpirit, and an infolent and intemperate toDguCj which walked 
 
 ■ fo
 
 T^2 The fourth Bool{ofT,hW\\is. 
 
 fo •rcely ard lo long by bU provocation, that he uttered thele fpcei hes, wbkh bred not only ill w 
 vvii! and dip'ieaureio himfelf, but alfo wounded thecaui'e, and the whole Itate ot the Patritij. 
 The Oration -j jij; Stxtus (I lay) was bufy , and quarrelling with none ot' ail the Military Iribuus, more than 
 "i^na'rni ^"^'^'^ P'fthtirKius. Ardevenat thattime, takingadvantageotthe ijireiruel and inhuman fpeech 
 w'w'j " of his : Hea: ^ e not, O )e Commons f quoth he^how be threatneth mikhiet unto his fouldiers, 
 asiintobondflaves? "■ Andyet thisbeaftye willthink more worthy ot" ib great dignity wherein 
 "ye have placed him than tliole that indue you with houieandlardjthatiend you abroad to in- 
 " habit Colonies, that provide habitation for you againlt old age. that tendiing your weakhjtake 
 " part and defend you againlt lo cruel and proud adverfaries. Begin now hemeforth to marvel 
 *' why fo few take in hard to maintain your caufe : For what may they look for , and hope ac j 
 ''your hands? ferhonors, which ye bellow rather upon your adverfaries, than thofe that are 
 "arfeftion.te delendcrs of the people of .^tf>«f. Ye fighed even now and groaned again, at the 
 " words uttered out of this foul mouth. But what matter makes that? Ifye were now to go to 
 "anelection. and to gi^ eyoarvoyi.es , ye would no doubt for all that, prefer this man (who 
 "threatneth to mi^hief you) afore them that are willing and dehrous to ellablifli your Lands, 
 " your dwCiling places, and the whole ftate of your fublbnce and living. But when that lewd 
 language of Poj^huml/fsv/As reported once to the fouldiers, it bred a far greater indignation (be 
 fure) within th'e camp. How now ? (fay they j is he, who bath intercepted our booty, andde- 
 fr'udcd uspoorfould.ers of our due, not content therewith , but muH menace mifchiefbelides 
 untou<, as hisvarlt^ts? When as therdore they openly muttered thereat, and the Quelioror K 
 Treafurer P.S.fiius i bought that the mutiny might be retrained with the fame violence by which 
 it was firil railed : he fent an Officer to one clamorous fouldier, that kept a noife above the_re(f. 
 Whereupon arofe an out.ry and a brawl : and he get himfelf a good rap with a flone tor his la- 
 bout, that he was fainto goout oftheprefle. Andhe thati'motehim, fpake aloud befides, and 
 bad the Q^ieHor take now that for his pains in a mifchief whuh the General had threatened his 
 fouldiers. PofiloHmmsin this hurliburly was fent for, and he,when he wascome, made all worfe 
 and vvorle with his fliarp examinations, tortures and cruel punifhments. Ac the tall, when he 
 could not fee to m'keanend nor bridiehischoler: they all ran on heaps together.,ac the lament- 
 able cry of thofe whom he comm.^nded to be choked in the mire.and killed under the hurdle : and 
 he half befide'; himfelf. tul: foolifhly fleptdownin more haft than good fpeed from the Tribunal ^ 
 feat, to chaltife one that comeHed with him, and made a great brawling. Now when as the Li- 
 fters and Centprion- every where laid about them to make way, and ill intreated the multitude 
 in the throng they mo^ed their patience fomuch, that in that furious fit of the fouldiers, the Mi- 
 litary T.ibnn was '-y his own army Itonedtodeath. Which horrible aft. afteritwasnoifedat 
 poflbmitis Ro- ^^^^ gj^j jl^^, M'litary Iribuns by the Senates authority, were about to fit in commilTion for the 
 byhisownfol- cxsminaiion of the death of their coUegue , by way of rigour and torture: the Tribunsofthe 
 di«rj. Commona;iy oppo'cd themfel.es, and refifled them. But that contention depended upon ano- 
 
 ther quarrel. For the Senate doubting lelf that the Commons for fear of thofe examinations in- 
 tended, would in their anger create Tribuns military from out of their own body and degreeiwere 
 very careful, and (Indiedallthey could, that Confuls might bechofenag-iin. But when as the Tri- M 
 bun? of the Commons would not fuffer an atloftheSen.u topjfsrndhindredalfotheeleftionof 
 theConfuis, the matttrtame to an Interreign. But in the end the Nobles had the i pper hand. 
 For when as ^. f. WJ^i/z/j^^f the Inierregent, held a Court for thefaidEleftion, there were 
 created Confuls w. Cor>7el '•( ( jfus^ and L. Furius McduUi'JUs. 
 
 In the heginninp of thele Confnls year , the Senate made a decree , that the Tribuns with all 
 fpeed pofTi' le n-iruidpropot'e unto the Commons, concerning the inquifuion of P:fihHm!ushis 
 death and that thcv fliould make. hiefCommiflfioner and Judge.vvhom they would. TheCom- 
 ^^j ... mon? by the tonfent of the whole people , gave the Confuis commiflion to lee it done, and per- 
 ahout the' formed accordini^ly. Whonotvvithltanding, that with exceeding moderation and lenity, they 
 inurder of dii"pat( hed and ended the matter ., by punching a few, who (as it was credibly thought) made N 
 Po(lhumm, themfehes away ; yet could they not for all that bring about, but the Commonalty took it very 
 hainoiiny , and in the higbefl degree, faying That the Afts and Ordinances,whii h had been pro- 
 pounded concerning their we.il andcommodities, thofe lay a long time afleep in the deck, and 
 nothing done: but an order granted for theirbloudnied and death, that was prefently put in exe- 
 cution, of fo |.,rcat force and importance was it. Now this had been the fittelf time, that after 
 thffc muiinons fouldiers were chaHifed, thedivifion oftheVolane territory , fhould have been 
 offered unto them for to comfort their poor hearts again. By which deed (no doubt) their hot 
 dcfire and longing after the law A^raria^ had beenabated, which tended to difpoffefs at length 
 the Nobles of the common grounds, which they injurioufly wereieized of. But this indignity 
 fiuck in rhcirflomaiks, and vvastaken neerer to the heart, when they law tbeNobilityfo ftiffly q 
 benr, nor only to keep the common grounds in their hands, which they he'd by force: but alfo 
 unwilling I o divide among the people fo much as the waft and void ground- lately gotten by con- 
 .qncft from the enemies: but that it was like^ within a while ^as all the reft) to be a booty, and di- 
 > ident; to belliared among a few. 
 
 Thef.ime year were rhe legions led by fwr/Kt the ConfuKagainft the Volfcians: whoforraged 
 the borders of thcHernicks. But finding not the enemy there, they wan pcroitinum , whither 
 ^ great number ofthe Voifdans had retired themfehes. The booty there was lefs than they hoped 
 
 for:
 
 The fourth Boo{ofT.lAvms. m^ 
 
 A for : by rcafon that the Volfcian?, feeing fmall hope of keeping the Town, trnfTed up and carried 
 away both bag and baggage in the night,and quit the Town: which was won the morrow after, 
 being left well near dehitute and empry. All the Lands were given ireely to the Hernicks. When 
 this year now was palled in good quiet by the modeliy and peaceaule carriage of the Tribuns,then 
 in place : there fucceeded another Tribun of the Commons, LJcHiHt-, when Qjcalnpu Ambtflm 
 and C. FuriHs Pacilipts were Confuls. Whiles this man in the very beginning ©i his year,was bufy 
 in ftirring new fedicions (as if it had been a task impofcd upon his name and Hnage) by propohng 
 of the Agrarian laws: behold, there arofe aped ilence, more fearful than hiirttul, which turned a pcftUcnce' 
 away mens minds , from their publick aflemblies and accuiiomed contentions , to tend their 
 B houfes, and to care for thecherilliing of their bodies. And (as men verily think) the hcknefs was 
 lefs dangerous than the {editions were like to have been. When as the City was now excuied, 
 as it were,and well elcaped.with the ficknefs only ofmany-,and death of very few : prefentiy after 
 this pelf ilent year, followed fas it is commonly feen) a great dearth of corn, by realon of the neg- 
 left of tillage. M. Pj.pyriHs Atrntims-^ad C'Namim Rmdius being Coniiils. This famine would a famine; 
 have been more grievous than the plaguej had they not prouded weli for corn, by fending'forth 
 their Embafladors to the neighbour nations all about, inhabiting along the Tufcan Sea and the 
 Tykcr-; torto buy grain. Proudly weie the Embaffadors prohibited all commerce and traffique 
 with the SamnitSj who held at thai time Capm and Cumei : but contrary-wife bountifully were 
 they relieved by the Tyrants or Potentates of 5;r///>. And fuch was the willing endeavour of 
 Q //iefr«)-*j, that great ffore of vifluais came down the Tyler. In whatdefolatiou tlic City vYas,du- 
 ring this affliction, the Coff. tryed by this: that when they could not turnilli an Embalf^ge, but 
 with one Senator they were compelled to adjoyn two Knights unto them. And letting aude the 
 ficknefs and dearth ■, there was no trouble either at home or abroad tor thofe two years. But 
 when tliele florms were once overblown, and that care pa(i: then began .igain the o;d troubles 
 wherewith the C ity had ul'ualiy been difquieted : difiention at home, and war .'broad. 
 
 When M. ty£my/ius and C. FdsrtHs Po'ittn were Confuls the yEquian^ made preparation for 
 w?r';,>nd banded with the Volfcians. Who albeit they tock arms by no puulickcommifllon; yet 
 fuch as wouldofthemfelvesferveforhireorwages,,ol!ovvcd tUe wars. At the bruit of which ene- 
 mies (forihey were already come over into the Country of tjneLatlns and Hernicks) whiles^<«- 
 £) Lrtus the Conml mulfered his men and levied {ouidier? : M,Me.ienii-s a Tribun of the CommonSj 
 and a publifher of the Agrarian laws, oppofed himfelf aga.nf' him. And when as by realon of the 
 proteition and sffiitance of the Tribun, no man woulclbe compelled to cake a fouldiers oath a- 
 gainrt his will : fuddenly news came, that the CalUc oiCarventm was by the enemies forced. This 
 dilhonorthus recei ed,as it was a caufe that Menenim was hated among the Noblemen, fo it gave 
 to the reft of the Tribuns, who were already framed and prepared to withftand the law A^rariai 
 more jufc caufc to reiiit their coUegue. The matter being thus for a long time procradkd by much 
 debating, rhe Confuls called both God and man to witnefs., that whatfoever fhame orlofs^either 
 had been already received, or wereliketobefufteinedby the enemies: the blame fhould be im- 
 puted to M.-u.il'M^ who hindred the muttering. And M cnmius^tottiitd again aloud, mat ifthe 
 E unlawful Landlords, would furrenderthe tenure of the common fields whi.h they 'jnjuf.ly de- 
 teined, hs would not ttay the mullen. Then the nine Tribuns, by fctting down a decree between 
 them made an end of the (irife : and pronounced by authority of their colledge, that they would 
 affill C.Vderiits the Cof. fall contradiition of their collegue notwichftanding; to award any penal- 
 ty relfreint or chaftifemenc, upon them thit refuted to be enrolled for w.iiLre. TheCof, being 
 armed with this decree and w.-rrant-afterhehad caufed fome few to be had away by the neck and 
 laid laft, that called upon the Tribun for help, the reft for fear were fworn to ferve. Thus the ai my 
 was led forth to the Caftle of Gi''z;.»«f«x.And although the fouldiers were as odious to the Conful, 
 as wickedly bent againft him yet at the very firft coming, having manfully and luftily difpoflefled 
 the garrifop rhey recovered the fort. The fouldiers who were flipt away from the hold, and 
 F gone a plundering by their negligence gave the Romans a opportunity to enter and to furprifeit. 
 And a good booty there was : by realon that they had continually gotten prizes, and laid up all 
 there as in a place of Dfeiy. Which being fold in portfale the Conful commanded the treafurers for 
 tobring :he mnny into the co.nmon Chamber of the City : giving out thefe words withal, that 
 the arms' Oionld r.hei) hr.vepart oflpoil , when they denied not their fervice in war. Hereupon 
 both Coirmons and fou'dieis'were more angry with the Conful. And therefore when as by a de- 
 cree of theSen.ite he entrcd ihe City Ovant. in a pety triumph, the fouldiers according to their li» 
 cenTinusaiann''r (in that cafe permitted) followed -ifter withfongs and fonnets, n.nfwerins one 
 another in rude rime and giofs tneeter by alternative ftaves. Wherein the Conful was greatly b.a- 
 medibut .^/(?»if«/«/ the Tribun, his name was fet out to the height his praifes were blafoned and 
 QCxr^lled alofc: and at every time that liC was named i he affeitionati. favour of rhe peop'e that 
 ftoodin rheftreets rppcued, by clipping of hand-- and greac appUufe ftrivingmuch to exceed the 
 fongs chanted by the fouldiers. Which c.iufed the Nobles to iook to it, ancl troubled them more 
 th.in ih? mclapert fiua'nefs ofthefouidicr'^ with their Confuls , which is an ordimry and ufual 
 falnion among them. And l/f «<?«;«? (who doubtlefs h.id '"■eenone o'-thc MilirarvTr.ibuns, if he 
 had Uied for it) was excluded from that dignity by an Elcffir.n ofCon uls. So there were created' 
 ConfuiS. Tf*. CriryicHtis Cofrs^^nd LJurirtt Me(i:(llr. us iW fecond time. 
 . Never took he Com. the matter more to the heart, that theEleftion of Tribuns efcaped their 
 
 hands v
 
 ]^^ The fourth Bool{of T^Vwius. 
 
 hands : which grief of cheirs in theEleftion of Qufiftors, they both fl-iewed and revenged. For ^ 
 this was the firll time that the Queftors were made of the commonalty : io that in chulmg of 4. 
 there was but one place left for C , Fatius Ambufttts, a Nobleman : and 3 of the commonalty, i^, 
 Sil.'us, P.ty£li({s, and P.Pipias-, were preferred before young Gentlemen, of mo(f noble houles. I 
 find that the perfwaders ot the people to ufe their full liberty iri bellowing their v oyces, were the 
 three lalj-, fdefcendedof that houfe, which e\ er was molt malitioully bent againli the Nobles^ 
 who were for that year chofenTribunsofthecommonalty.and poffefled the peoples heads witha 
 •world of great matters, alter which they gaped greedily : but lb, as they flatly gave out and faid, 
 iThey would notiiiratall, if the people had not courage enough , lb muchasintheeledion of 
 Qtieftors , which only theSenat.had left inditferentto the commonalty andNobility, toeffeft i 
 that which fo long they had defired,and now bylaw was warranted. Thus the Commons allured 
 themfelves hereby of a mighty great vi6tory : and eileemed not the dignity of Quellorfhip to be 
 theend andtypeof honor,but that thereby they feemed to have made a way and overture for new 
 rifen upftarcs, to be advanced to Confulfliips and triumphs. The Nobles contrary-wife ff ormed, 
 not for that their dignities were made common and imparted ro other, but for the utter lofle 
 thereof: protefting that if things went to on end, they would neither get, nor bring up children 
 any more: who being put from their Anrellors place, and feeing others in pofielTion of their dig- 
 nity (hould bedifabkd for bearing rule and authority in the ftate,and be good for nothing but on- 
 ly to be made Priefts for Mart^, and Flamines for Jupiter, imployed about nothing elfe but to fa- 
 crifice Cforfuoth j for the people. Thus on both parts were their minds netled and prov okcd, K 
 whiles the Commons took heart, and had three champions of great reputation to back them^and 
 maintain their caufe : and the Nobles, feeing all would prove like to the Qiiellors Eleflion (if it 
 lay in thepeopleschoice)addrefl'ed themfelves to theEledtion of Confuls, whi^h as yet was not 
 fo free, and indifferent both for Commons and Nobles. Contrary-wife, the la/j perlided flill, 
 and urged the point, that in any hand Tribuns Military fhould andmufl be created. For now it 
 was mere thantime that the Commons had theirpart in offices of ftate. But no Action hitherto 
 belonoing to the offices and charge of the Confuls had been prefemed untotbem) by the hinder- 
 ing whereof they might wrirgfrom them, that which they defired and fought for. But fee, how 
 even then, in wonderful good opportunity , word was brought that the Voifcians and j£quians 
 were departed out oftheir own Confines, and madean expedition into the Latinepalefor to rob L 
 andfpoil. To the which war, when asby vertueofanorder from the Senat.theConfuls began to 
 mufler : the Tribuns laboured tooth and nail to hinder it : giving out that this occurrent fortuned 
 happily on their fides and the Commons. Three there were of them,and all moft quick, adive and 
 couraoiousmen: yea (andfor commoners) of good birth, and worfhipfuliydefcended. Whereof 
 twain took in hand, by their continual travel to attend and watch the Confuls, to keep them 
 awork, and either of themto hold one occupied: the third , was appointed to entertain the com- 
 monalty : and in all aCfemblics, with their Orations, one whiles to rein them in, another while to 
 give them the head, as occafion required. But all this while, neitherConfuls went through with 
 the mufters,nor the Tribuns with the eleftion which they delired. Butafterwards when fortune 
 began to incline to the Commons fide, Meffengers came with news, that whiles the fouldiers that M 
 layingarrifonatthe Ca(lleC<?!-w«.'<2^4, werefleptafideto geta booty, the iEquians having flain a 
 few warders that kept the hold, entred it: and that all the fouldiers wereflain:lbmeas they ran 
 into the fort again, others as they were fcattered in the fields. This thing falling out fo crofs a- 
 gainfl the whole State, gave Ikength yet unto the defignments of the Tribuns. For being dealt 
 withal, that now at length they would furceafe from hindering the war, nothing would prevail: 
 forthat they neither gave place to the publick calamity and neceffity, nor yet regarded their own 
 private peril of difpleafure: and they obtained in me end that an Ad of Senat was granted for to 
 chufe Tribuns Military. Howbeit with this exprefle provifo, it was capitulated ; That none of 
 them who had been Tribuns that year of the Commons, fliouldbe eligible and propounded :no, 
 cor chofen again Tribuns of the Commons for the year following. Whereby no doubt, the Senat N 
 noted and pointed at the Ici/'j., whom they charged tofeek to be Confuls, for a rew.ird of their 
 feditiousTribunfhip. Then went the muflerirg forward,and preparation of vvar, by content of all 
 the States. 
 
 Sundry Authors write diverfly and make doubt, whether both the Confuls went to the Cafile 
 Carvema-a or whether one of them Hayed behind intheCity for to hold the forefaidEle^fion, 
 In this they difagrce not, but let down for certain : that when they had sffaled the Caffle a long 
 time without eftc it they were compelled from thence to remove -..mdiYitiZ Verruga in the Coun- 
 try of the Volkiinsby the fime.irmy was recovered, and thstgre.u forraging there was,anddri- 
 vin£ of booties, both in the Country of the iJ'.quians andalo of the Voll'cians. Now at Romc^ as 
 theviv^fnry ofthecommonaliy reficd in this, that they had theElefticn which they defired : fo q 
 in the ifliie and uicccffc of the Elecflion, the Nob'cs had the better. For befides nil mens hope and 
 expeff^tion there were three Tribuns Military chofen with Cr.rfulsauthority, rll of the Nobili- 
 ty, ('. J::Uus Tul'us, Cn, Corndms C.nffus C. Serz'diiis Hdc. Men lay that t he Nobles ufed a fubtile 
 praftifeandiunnirg device, which even then the /o/// charged them with: to wit. that by inter- 
 mingling 3 many otunwonhy and unmeet competitors with others of mark and quality,they hnd 
 alienated the propies hearts from the commoners, feeing them to be men of no worth^and loath- 
 ing the notable bal'eneffe that appeared in their perfons. 
 
 After
 
 The fourth Boo{ofT, Livius. 14^- 
 
 A After this, tidings came, that the Volfcians and ^Equians (were it that the Cadle ot'Cjrz'mvx ~ 
 which they held and guarded (iill, put them into ibme hope : or their garrilbn and forr loft at 
 r?,r«^(?drave them into anger^vyere lip in arms, with ah torce ready to make vvar: that the An- 
 liats were the principal and chief in this intended action: that their Embafladcrs had ibllicited 
 che people otboth nations, rebuking their cowardize, for keeping within theirwalls, andfuffe- 
 ring che Romans the year before, to torrage and drive booties in their territories, and the "arri- 
 fon oU^errugo to be furprized and loli. Moreover, that not only hofis of armed men were lent a- 
 gainft them, but Colonies alio were planted in their frontiers and marches:aad that the Romans 
 not content to di\ide their lands and goods among themselves. had beflowed upon the Herni.ks 
 B the town ffrc>7f /«».'/', which they had won from them. At thefelpeechesthey were kindled and 
 fetonfire: and in all places whither they went to foilicit, the younger fort and.blemeningreac 
 number were levied. So the youth and manhood ofallthofe nations, gathered tofether to A-/i- 
 tiuM, where they encamped themfelves, and expeiled the enemy. Which tidings beincbrouohc 
 10 Rome, Ciukd more fearihen need was. AndtheSenat prefently (which in allVe^ufuloccurents 
 wasever their laft remedy andrefuge) gave order that aDiiftatorfliouId be created. Which thine 
 Julius and C^rw//«j,two military Tribuns (they fayj took in great difpleafure And hereof enfue5 
 much heart-burning and diflention, whiles the LL. of the Senat of one hde complained in vain of 
 their grievances, That the Tribuns Military would not beorderedby the authority of the Senat: 
 and at thelaft had recourfc to theTribuns of the Commons for help:alledging withal that the very 
 C Confuls power upon the like occaiion had been by their authority overruled and fet down. And 
 the Tribuns of the Commons on the other fide, rejoycing at the difcordofthe Senators, made an- 
 fweragain, and faid, '" Thattor their parts, they werenot able toyeeld any fuccour at all, who' 
 " were of no reckoning themfelves, being reputed neither in the roil ot Citizens, nor ye: fo much 
 " as in the number of men. But if fo be (fay they) dignities and honors were communicated to 
 "us,then would we provide and take order, that by no pride ofanymagifiratewhatfoever, the 
 *' Senats decree fliouidbemadefrullratanddifanulied. And in the mean whiles, feein" the No- 
 *' bles were exempt from allreverenceoflaws, and regard ofmagiftrates, let them of themfelves 
 " alfo exercife the Tribuns authority if they would. This difcord falling out io unfitly, when fo 
 greatwar was in hand, occupied and poffefled mens heads a longtime: whiles J/^/z/i/andCor^r/;- 
 D «/ one after another, thusreafoned and difcourfed: That feeing they themfelves were Captains 
 good enough for the conduft of fuch a war, it was not meet,that the honour on:ebeftovved up- 
 on them by the people, Ihould be made void and taken from them. Then Serviltus H^la^ who 
 alfo was aTribun Military fpake and faid: " I have been filent thus long. not for that I was doubt- ^'"= Oration 
 <^ ful in mine opinion,or tofeek what to fay,(For what good Citizen ('quoth he) would have his ^*f ""'''«> 
 "advice by himfelf, and go from thepublick Councel ? )but becaufel had rather, that my bre- 
 *'• thren of their own accord Should give place to the Senats authority, than to fufferthe Tribuns 
 " power to be called for, againli them. And even now alb, if thecafe would permit, I could wil- 
 " iing'.y give them time and fpace to retraft their too too obftinat, perverfe and peremptory opi- 
 " nion. But feeing that theneceflities of war, wait not upon human counfel, 1 will hare more re- 
 E ''.fpefl and confid'erationot the Weal-publick,than of the tavor of my brethren. Whcr fore,ifthe 
 " Senat perhrt Hill in that mind and refolution of theirs, I will the next night follow'ng nominat a 
 " Diilator. And if any onewithftand me I will ask no more,than the power and vertueoftheSe- 
 " nats Aif. By whieh fpcech ofhis, having wondeferved praife and thanks of all men, he declared 
 FuhliHs Cornelim Dictator, and was himlelf by him nominated General of the horfcmen.A finou- 
 lar example to teach as many as beheld him and his Collegues,That othervvhiles favour an J honor 
 fooneft fall to them that leaft defire the fame. The war wasfmal and nothing memorable : for in 
 one eafie and flight battel were the enemies overthrown and flain at Anttutn.Vns.zrmy upon this 
 victory waflcd the Volfcians Country, won by force theCaftle upon the lake Fucimts, snd within 
 it took three thoufand prifoners : having chafed all the reft of the Volfcians within their walls, 
 F notable to keep their frontiers. TheDiiiitor, after he had performed this war in fuch fort, as 
 only he might not feem to negleft his wonted fortune but keep it ftil in ure, returned into the Ci- 
 ty with greater felicity than glory, and religned up his place. 
 
 The Tribuns Military, making no words at all of the chufingof Confuls (for anger, Ifuppofe, 
 thataDi<^btorhad been created) publifhed the election of Tribuns Military. Burthen the Sena- 
 tors were in greater care and perplexity, feeing their caufe betrayed even by rhofe of their own 
 company. Wherefore, as in the former year, by foiftinginthebafeft ofthe Commons for com- 
 petitors, they had cauled even men of good worth to be defpifed :ro, now by procuring the prin- 
 cipal of the Nobility, both for honour and for favour, roftaftd for the dignity, they obtained all 
 the places tothemfelves: fo as no one Commoner could be choren. So there were created four, 
 G all having afcre born that Magiftracy , L . Furms Meciidlin.is, C . Vderim Potitns, C». Fabins l''if>u- 
 Unas-, and C. ServiUus Hala. This man was chofen again to the place, as well in regard of other 
 vertues and worthy parts, as for the late favour which he won by his rare moderation, and fmgu- 
 lar carriage of himfelf. 
 
 In thatyeJr,for as much as the time of trace with the Veientian Nation was expired, they be- 
 gan by Embafladcrs and Heralds of Arms. to challenge of t'-em amends and rctticution. Whom as 
 they entred into their territory, the Embaflage ofthe Veientiansencountred in the way requeft- 
 ing them not to go forward to Vcii^ before they had prefented themfelves to the Senat ot .S^w. 
 
 O Who 
 
 UaU.
 
 1^6 The fourth Boo\efT. Livius. 
 
 who being thither come, obtained of the Senat, that for as much as the Veientians were atci- ^ 
 vildifcord among themrelves, they would not claim any amends at their hands. Lo, how far 
 they were from feeking their own vantage by other mens dillrefs and calamity. Alioatthe Vol- 
 fcians hands they fuftained damage by lots of their garrifon at Verruga. But (fee what a thing 
 it is to (lack the time) For whereas the fouldiers beheged there, by the Volfciansand (ending for 
 aid in due time, might have been refcued if fpeed had been made, the army whih was lent for 
 fuccoiir, came too fliort, and after the Iray was ended. Only this ejpoit they cio: The 
 enemies, who after theirfrefti maflacre committed upon the garifon, weregonc abroad Bragling 
 for to raife booties, were by them overtaken aud put to the Iword. The caufe of this fUukntls 
 was imputed to the Senat, rather than the foveraign Tribuns: who becaufe intelfigente was I 
 given, that they in the garrifon refifted and defended themfelves moH rnanUilly, little confidered, 
 That there is no prowefsofman whatfoever, but by valour again it may be overmatched. 
 Mort brave and valiant fouldiers they, that neither whiles they lived, nor after death were un- 
 revenged. 
 
 The year following, when P. and Comeliusho^h furnamed CojfMS, CFdius Ambufius and L. 
 Vdlerms Pof/fMi were Tribuns Military in Confulsauthority,began the Veientiah war by occafion 
 of a proud and arrogant anfwer returned by theSenatof the Veientians: Who Lommanded that 
 the Embaffadors which came to claim amends, fliould take this for their difpatth: Thatunlefs 
 they departed prefemly out of the City and Country, they would ferve them as L<«ri Tohmmtss 
 had done others before. The Senators of iJow^ hardly could digeitthat: and therefore decreed, k 
 that the Military Tribuns {hould propofe unto the people as fpeedily a^. migiit be, even the day 
 beforetomorrow,concerning proclamation of open war,and fending defiance to the Veientians. 
 Which as foon as ever it was noifed andpublifiied,the younger fort and men of fervice,murmui- 
 ed and muttered in this manner : "• That as yet they had not tully ended the war with the Voiki- 
 " ans: thatevenoflatetwo wholegarrifons wereloft,and theirthroats cut, and the forts kept (111 
 " with danger and great hazard.There is not (fay they) a year pafleth over our heads-^but one field 
 •' or other is fought: and as if we had not work and trouble enough already, there was now in- 
 " tended new war with a molt mighty nation confining upon us, and which was like enough to 
 " raife againli us all Hetruna, And as they were forward enough of themfelves to conceive thus, 
 " and utter thefe fpeeches,fo the Tribuns of the Commons were not behind to buzze more mat- t 
 "• ters into their heads, and fee all on a light fire: Who gave out If ill, That when ailwas done,the 
 " oreateft warring was between the Nobles and Commons : and that the Commons on purpofe 
 " were to be toiled out with travel or warfare, and expofed to the enemies for to he murdered : 
 *' and that they were to be kept far off from the City, and as it were confined and fentoutofthe 
 « way : left by being quiet at home, and minding their freedom and Colonies, they fliould con- 
 " fult and devife, both how to difpofe of the common grounds, and togivetheir voices freely. 
 <' And ever as they could meet with any old beaten fouldiers, they would hold them with t.ilk, 
 «' take them by their hands- reckon up how many years they had donefervice in war, falltotel- 
 " ling of their gafnes and fears, asking them what whole place they had left in their bodies to 
 " receive new wounds, and vvhat blood was behind to fpend and fhed, in the quarrel of the M 
 " Common- wealth ? When as by iterating thefe and fuchlike fpecches, both in their private talk 
 and conference,and alfo other whiles in their publick alkmblies, they had turned clean away the 
 hearts of the Commonalty from taking war in hand: the forefaid A6t propounded, was put off 
 until a farther day, and lay ftillfor the time. Which no doubt, had been nipt in the head, and ne- 
 ver would have paffcd farther, in cafe it had been referred and fubjed to the hard opinion and 
 conceit of men, as then they ftood affefted. In the mean whiles agreed it was, that the military 
 Tribuns fliould conduftanarmy into the Volfcians country. Cn.Corneliui alone was \tk&tRome, 
 The three Tribuns, after that they perceived the Volfcians in no place encamped, and nothin<» 
 minded to try abattel, parted themfelves three ways to wafteandforragethefrontires. Valerius 
 he marched to Antium, Cornelius to Ecetre. And every way as they went, they fpoiled all before N 
 them, both houfe and field, and all to amufe&keep the Volfcians occupied that way. But F,z/;/«f 
 without any forraging at all, came direftly to aflault Anxur-, which was the fervice mofl dehred. 
 "^ovi Anxur was that, which at this day is called 74rr<«£-/;7#.a City feated upon marifbes. And on 
 that fide Fabtus made fliew of aflault. But there were four cohorts under the leading of C. Se-vili- 
 u! Hala fent out to fetch a compafs : who having gained the hill that over-looketh and comman- 
 deth the town , from that higher ground, with a mighty fhout and outcry aflailed the wall.vvhere 
 it wasdisfurniflicd of guard to defend it Ac which fudden alarm,they were amazed who manned 
 the wall of the bafe town againft Fabias '■ and fuffered them to fet ladders to, and to fcale. By 
 which means every place was full of enemies. And upon the walls for a good while there was no- 
 thing but killing as well thofe that fled, as thole that refifted armed and unarmed, one with ano- q 
 ther. So that, albeit they were too weak, yet forced were they to fight :becaufe in yeelding they 
 faw no way but one.Eut upon proclamation once made-that none but armed men fliould be killed, 
 all the multitude befides willingly vvere difarmed. Of which number there were upon 2 500. 
 taken alive. From the faccage Fubhts kept the fouldiers, until his Colleagues were come : fay- 
 ing, that Anxur was taken as well by thofearmies, which had driven away thereft ofthe Volfci- J 
 ans from the defence of that place,as by themfelvs. Who being come, the three armies jointly ran- M 
 facked itj^: had the pillage for their labor of thatrich town,that had gathered wealth a k>ng time, m 
 
 Which
 
 The fourth Boo\ofT, Li vi u s. iaj 
 
 A Which coiineneandbountifulnefs of the commanders, vvasthefirft thing that rcron:iled Com- 
 mons and Nobles together. Over and behdes this munihccnie o; the Riikrs, tiie Nobles alio be- 
 gan in a mo(t happy hour to be liberal unco the multitude. For before that either the Commons 
 or Tribuns made the motion, the Senatdetreed, that iouldiers might have theirpay outof ihe 
 City chamber; whereas before that time, every man in thatiervire h-idborn his own charges. 
 Never was there any thing^ by report, fo joyfully accepted olthc Commons : who r.in by he° ps 
 together to the Counielhoufe: took the Senators hy the handsas they tame forch, and laid, 
 '■'■ They were now truly called /'<«rrf/5/.Fathers, confc iVmg that no w the day was come that in the 
 '' quarrel otlo bounteous a Cicy, there was no man vvouidfo long as hii breath lalied, fpareei- 
 B" ther limb or life. S..'eing that this commodity they Oioiiid have to help them, namely, that du- 
 "ringthe titnethat their bodies were imployed, and biilily occupied in the defehie oiCommon- 
 *' weal, their privvCeebate fhouidlland atone yet, and not decay. Ard forafmuth as iccame of 
 *' themlel■.es^ and never moved by any oftheTribuns of the Commons, nor called tor and cra- 
 " ved impottUDatlvjby their importune fpeeches ; that was it, ch.u mnkiplitd their joy , and made 
 '' the boon icfelf much more acceptable. But the Iribuns of the Commons- (who on^y had 
 " not their part in this common joy and concord of all States) came in with their opinion, and 
 " faid,thacitvvouid not prove fo joyous and happy to the Nob'.esallin gerSer.il,as they fupoofed: 
 "that this vourle and order taken, was at the hrlt light better then it would be found in thepra- 
 '^diie and execution. For how could that money pofTibly be made and raifed but by levying' atri- 
 C '' bute or payment ot the people? they were therefore liberal 5 but of other mens purlcs. But 
 " admit, or f<;y, that the relt would bear it, yet thofe neither could nor would endure it, who 
 " werepali war-fervice, and lived upon their penfions and annual lalary: who would grudge and 
 "repine, thatothers hereafter fhould ferve in war for more gain then they had in'their time 
 *'done; who having been charged with the pay of their own fcrvice, lliouidnovV again be put 
 " to contribute to the wages of others. With thefe words they moved part of the Commonalty. 
 Lalf of all, when there wasa )evyexa6led,theTribuns alfo proclamed, That they would bear as 
 many out, as would not coniribuie to the fouldiers pay. The Nobles continued (iill to maintain 
 that which they bad fo well begun, and were the firlt that opened their purf'e, and for that as 
 yet they had no liber coin fome of them carried grofs pieces of brafs in Wains to the treafure 
 D houfcjard made a goodly fhew of Contribution, When as the Nobles had moft faithfully paid 
 accordingto the rate of their wealth : the chiefofthe Commons alfo, friends ofthe Nobility , as 
 it was <itoi-e agreed, began to lay their penny to theirs: whom when the common fort fa w both 
 to be commended of the Nobles, and to be admired and reverenced ot the fouidiers as good Citi- 
 zens : they all upon a fudden, refuting the Tribuns aflilf ance, began to firive who fnoind pay firff. 
 And thedecree or a6t being once pafTed, ofproclaming waragainrt the Veientinns, the new Tri- 
 buns Military led an army to re/w,confilfing much upon voluntary fouidiers. Now the Tribuns 
 were 7 . Qtiimius CapnoLinns-, P. Q^'iiitiusCtr.cinnatus^ C. Jkli'js TfiH.'.'s the fecond time, ^1. Man- 
 /ius,L. Furifts Mcd;i!ltnusihQiWndiimst it\d A^. JEmyiias M(}mercHS, And thefe were chefidl 
 that befieged Veii, 
 E About the beginning of which liege-, when the Tufcans held a Councel In a folemn aficmbly 
 atihe Temple of Votumna-, they could hardly agree upon this point, Whether the Veienrians 
 fhould be defended by gefieral war o''the wholeNaticn,or no. The year follow 'niz was tner:»ge 
 not {ohot,byreafonthat fome of the Tribuns, and part of the for:es, were called a way totke 
 Volfcian war. The Tribuns Military in Coff. authority, that year were- C. Falsrins Poittfsiho 
 third time, Af. Scrvins Fidenas-i P, Cornelius Maluirir.us^ C;i. Corneli:.:sC(>l[-i C.Fabius Ambufln^'^ 
 Sp. Naiuins Rifilis-ts the fecond time. With the Volfcians there was a pight field fonuht between 
 Fere itinui}} ^r.d Ecetra'-, wherein the Romans had the day. Then the Tribuns began to layHege 
 to Artena a Town of the Volfcians: where, by rea' on of a tallying forth by them attempted the 
 enemies vveredri' en back into the town, and the Romans took occal'ion and vantage thereby, 
 F to break in with them pell mell, and 10 they won allifave only the Caifle. Into this fort natural- 
 ly fenced, a good company of armed men betook themfelves : but beneath the CalUe, mmy a 
 man was eittier flain or taken prifoner. Afterwards was thcforrrefsbelieged alfo.Neither could it 
 by aflault be forced, for thuthere wasaguardinf^ivienttoman it, confideritigthe bignefs of the 
 place: nor gave the aflaiiants any hope ofyeeiding, for before the town wis loff, they had con- 
 veyed all their pnblid<provilion of corn into the Calf 'e. So that the Rom'' ns had tor very weari- 
 fomnefs departed {"rem thence but that a bordllavc betrayed it unco them ; who let incert.aine 
 fou!dicr=: at a Heep high pla. e, pnd thole were they that won the fortrels: for when the warders 
 were bv them (lain, the rclt of the mu.tirude wirh luddcn Iright were foon overcome, and ;veel- 
 ded. Thus, when both tbeCallle :nd town of Arteravi^'i facked and fpoilcd the legions we e 
 G brought back from theVo.fci^ns, and all ihe Romans power imployed aoaintf r'/;V. To the trai- 
 tor aiorefaid, there was given bendes liberty, the pillage of two honilioldssor a reward. And he 
 was named ever aiter ScrviUus Roma-ins. There be that think y'.rtcn.t was ? town or the Veietui- 
 an3,androt ofthc VollVi:ns : the occafionof whiiherror is, for that there w.^"; a town of that 
 name ber ween Cere and l''e:os. But that town theRi^man K'ngs deliroycd: .Mid it belonged co the 
 Ceretes ., and not to the Veientians : butthisother, whereof we have reported the deli rudion, 
 was in the country of the Volfcians. 
 
 O 3 The
 
 [ ^8 The fifth BooliofT. Li vius. 
 
 The Fifth Book h 
 
 Of the Hi/lories of T. Viv'msoffadudi, from the foundation of the 
 
 City of Rome. 
 
 The Breviary of L. Florus upon ihe fifth Book. 
 
 ATthefie%e ofYzihthejonldiers l.ad holds made them for to winter in. Which heing a netv kjnd if 
 fervtce-'flrHci'^^'n heat ml he Tribmj rfthe Commons^ who com flamed that they hud no rfji front 
 ivarf-rre^fomtich as tn the winter feafon. 1 henthe Gemlsmett ofKomt began firfi to frvc upon ihetr I 
 own horfes. When the Alhan lake overflowed^ a ccrta:n Pr ofhet or Wix.z.ardwas taken c.ptive from the 
 enemies^ whojhonldimerprct that Jirange wonder. FuriusCamillus, (ft er ten years fiege-^ wan Veil : 
 he traijlatcd the Imaz^e of ]imo from thenceto Rome. The tenth part rfthefpoJ andfaccage hefent 
 to Apollo at Delphi. The fame Camillus being Tnbun military^ whiles he latdfiege unto the Falifci, 
 fcKt back^again to the parer.tsihis^ nemiesfons that were betrayed unto him : Whereupon the '^aVxkiyeel- 
 dedthemfefv(-S.iandfo by his righteom andjuft dealings obtainedviclory over them. Whenone ofthe 
 Cenfors C. Julius was dece^fed, M. Cornelius was fubftitnted inhis place'.Which was never done again 
 afterwards J hecattfe in that f,ve year s fpaceyKom-iwas taken by the Gauls. Furius Camillus, /wato- /»- 
 ditedbj L, Apuleius a Tribun of the Commons^ departed into exile. When as the Senonesapeopleofthe 
 Gauls, /f/7(^^fiClurium, and the Embafadors fent from the Senat to conclude a peace between them K 
 and the Clu/ixes, fought themfelves in perfon againji the Gaules in the Clufines a^mj. The Senones 
 hereupon made tjumrel-t and with a cruel army came againft theOty o/Rome : andafter they had de- 
 feated t be Romans at the river Allia, they were Majiers of the City-, all but the Capitol-^ into which the 
 able and ferviceable young menoftheCity betookjhemfelves. The elders with their ornaments of ftate 
 belangwgto the officesthat each one had born, they fleiv fitting i» theporches aiden'.ries of their houfes. 
 And whenthey were now gotten up to the top of the Capitol, by the back^ fide of the hilU they were drfco- 
 •vered by the galling of Geefc-, and were turned down, principally by the valour of M. Manlius. After- 
 wards when through famine the Romanswere forced to covenant and grant for to give them thefum of 
 looo. pound weight of t_old, and for that to buy their redemption from thi fiege: Furius Camillus, 
 who was createdViSiatorin his abfence, came with an army, whiles the goldrvasimvcighing : ank drove L 
 the Gauls out of the City , afcr they hadbeen pojfejfed of it fixmomhsy andflewthem. AChappelwas 
 built to'LocanviS • in that place where before the takmg of theCity, there was avoice heard-, that the 
 Gauls were coming.Whereas it was purpofed andpropoundedtoremove to Ye'liybecaufe the Ctty o/Romd 
 vpas burnt and > ax^ed: that courfe by the advice and authority o/Camillus was crojfedand difpatched. 
 The peoptewas movedthereto the rather, by occafton oft he omen of a wordfpokjn by a Centunon^who be- 
 ing come with hu band offould.ers into the Voiwm^was heardtofay thus j Stand Souldiers, here will 
 be our belt abiding place. 
 
 The fifth Boo\ ofT. Livius. 
 
 M 
 
 tmr- "y «- -▼•Hen peace elfewhere was obtained, the Romans and Veians were at war, with 
 ^k/ %/ fuchmuiualmaliceandhatred ; thacitfeemed, whether partwerevanquifhed, 
 ^kf %f fiiould come to final deHruilion. The aflemblies tor the eiecaon oi the Rulers 
 of both Nations, far differed one from the other. The Romans augmented the 
 number of Tribuns Military in Confuls authority iforeight of them (Ob as never afore) were crea- 
 ted : M. ty£myltus Mamercus the fecond time, ^. Valerius Pot it us the third time^ yippius Claudi- 
 us Crajfus,M. QHintiliusFarus, M. "Julius ThIIus, At. Pojlhumius, Ai- Furius Camillus, and yl/. 
 Foflhumius Albus. The Veientians contrariwife, being weary of filing for dignities every year 
 (a cautefometimes ofcivil difcord) made themlclves aKing. Which offended the people of 
 Hetrtiria: who as they abhorred all regal government, fo they hated the perfon of the King N 
 himfelf. He had aforetime oppreffed that nation, in regard of his greatnefs and pride withail: 
 inthathehad violently put down their fblemnplayes, the intermidion whereof was held un- 
 lawful anddeteftable. Forupon a time, in an anger that he received a repuife, andbythefuffra- 
 ges of the twelve Nations, another was preferred before him to be high Pried, in the very midll 
 of their tblemn Games and fports, he took from them the very Players and A6tors, whereof a 
 great fort were his own fervants. Thatpeople therefore given to fuperftiiion above all other, 
 and lb much the rather for that they excelled in the skill of religious obferving the fame,decreed 
 todenythe Veientians their aid; fo long as they were governed under a King. This decree was 
 fupprciled and notfpoken ofat^i?/V for fear of the King, who would accompted him that fhould 
 report fuch rumor, for a Tower offedition rather then an author of news. TheRomans, albeit o 
 they heard that all was quiet from Hftruria, yetbecaufe they were advertiied that in all the Di- 
 ets and Counceis of that Nation, thequefrion was on foot and much debated; made their fortifi- 
 cations at Veil., fo as they flood two wayes : fome looked towards the City againft allfallies and 
 eruptions of the townfmen :others fronted ffar.-.rra. ro ftop all fuccours that haply might come 
 from thence. But the Roman Captains having greater hope in long (iege, then in quick affault, 
 began to build wintring harbours ( a ftrange thing to Roman Souldiers.) Theirintent was all 
 wintertime to keep continual war. Whicfi after it was told at iJ^^wf to the Tribuns of the 
 
 Commons
 
 The fifth BookjjfT. Livius. 140 
 
 A Commons (vvhonow a longtime could fnd no marcq: andoccafion of. troubles and altera- 
 tion) they leapt t'orih into the artembiy of the pe'-ple, loundingand lolliciting the mind^ ofthe 
 Commons, and otten laying, *■*• I'hat this was the only matter, why a let pay was appointed 
 '■'• for the ibuldier^ rand that they were not ignorant, i hat ihe gifts of enemies vvouldprove to be 
 '^ befmeared with poilon : That the freedom ot the Commons was bought and fold: That their 
 ••'young men werefent away faroft'.and as it were baniAicd from the City and Common wealth, 
 '' 10 that now [hey had not fo much iparetimeas winter. nor any feafon elfeoftr^e year^forco vi- 
 '• fit home and fee unto their ellate. What think ye (fay they; is the caufe of continuing this 
 '■ warfare ? No other verily fhould they find it but this, leit by reafon of the frequent number of 
 B " thofe youngmen. in whom the wholcftrengch of the Commonalty confiOed, there migiit be 
 ''fomethingdealtin,and eftedlcdj concerning their i-ommodities. Over and ixlVJesthey ccm- 
 " plained how they were much more hardly nled, then the Veiemians.For as forthem^they fpenc 
 "the winter withi n their own honfes- defending their City, forn'hedboch with goodly walls. and 
 " alfo by natural I'.tuation of cheplac: but the Rom.in fouldiers abode by it liill in labour and 
 "travel, fi)rouded under booths of poor hides, overwhelmed with Inows end frol's, nctl:'.y- 
 " ing away their harnefs and weapons-fo much as in winterthe orcJihary time otrelt from all wars 
 " both by fea and land. This manner of hard bondage, ncitherthe Kings, nor tiio!epro".5dand 
 " imperious Confuls(beiore thcTnbuns authority was ordained to take them down jnor yet the 
 "Lordly ruling Dictator, nor thcinfolentand unfupporcable Decemvirs, e\cren;oincd : thnsto 
 
 C "dwell in continual louldicry, as thefe Tribuns Military do: who exercife upon the Com- 
 " mons of A'ffWf, an abi'olute and kingly authority. What wouid they do another day, when 
 •• they were Conftils orDii^ators indeed, who now but reprefenting only the Conluls govern- 
 "men(asVice-Confuls)areio cruel and unreafonable ? But we are well enough fefved,andjull:- 
 '• ly have deferved no lels.For that there was not fo much as one place for a Commoner amonglt 
 *' eight Tribuns. Afore time, the Nobles were wont with much labour and toil, to fill but three 
 '"rooms: and now they go eight ma rank together, to obtain ail charges and dignities of 
 '' State and Government: and in that throng, a Commoner cannot have a place amongft them, 
 '■ to puthisCoUeaguesinmind ("if he did nothing el!e) that they that go to warfare werefree- 
 
 " ''■men yet, and Citizens with them, and not bondllaves. Who in winter at the leaft, ought to 
 
 D "be brought again to theirhoufes and homes, and once a year viiit their loving parents, their 
 '' fweet children, and bell beloved wives: to make fome ufe of their liberty, and chufe their 
 "Magidntes: Thefe and fuch like fpeecheSjwhileff they broadly uttered and multiplied, they 
 met at ienoth with an adverfary that was able to match them, Afp'.us ClaudM-, lettfor thepur- 
 pofe at homeby hisbrethreninoffice, to reflrain the Tribuns feditions : a man ever from his 
 tender youth trained up in the broils and contentions of the Commons. Who certain years be- 
 fore (as wq have laid) gave flirewd and unhappy counfel todiffolve and put down the Tribuns 
 authority, by the contradiction and inhibition of their own Colleagues. This man being noc 
 only inwit prompt and ready, but alio exercifed by long pra6Hce, made at that time this orfuch , y.^^j^^ 
 like fpeech: " If ever doubt were made, O Qiiirits,whecher the Tribuns of the Commonalty have p( ^ ' f-'i^,.", 
 
 .E " forloveofyourgocd or their own particular vantage, been always the authors and beginners rf,Hi. 
 *' ofdifcord and diflention, this year I know afruredly,ye need no more rtand m doubt. And 
 *'as I rejoice ye are at length come to an end of this your long wandring, fo I congratulate 
 " both you, and the Common-weal for your fake, that this error is cleared, and eipecially in the 
 " midftofyourprofperity. Is there any man maketh queftionnow, that the Tribunes ot the 
 " Commons were not offended, nor took fnutf ibmuch at the injuries at your handsreceived 
 " (if haply there have fometimes been any) as at the bounty of the Nobles, towards the Com- 
 '' mons, in allowing pay tothofethat ferve in war?What think ye elfe,either they feared then,or 
 " would at this day diliurb and difquiet:but only the concord and agreement ot the States? Which 
 "they fuppofetendeth moli, and is fufficient, to abolifh and overthrow the Tribuns authority, 
 
 I^F '• And verily, as naughty Artifan; or lewd leeches, feek for workrtill, and would be ever doing : 
 " fo they Ukewife dehre to have fomething or other out of frame and amifs,in the Commonweal, 
 " that to the repair and cure thereof, they might be ever lent for and emploied.Fo whether do ye 
 " (and Ipeak truth) maintain or impugne the commonalty ? Are you the adverfaries or the advo- 
 " cares of them that ferve in the wars ? Unlefs peradventure this be your faying, What foever the 
 " Noblesdo,itmiflikethus, be it for the good of the common people, or to the prejudice and 
 *• da,mmugc. And even as makers forbid their ownfervants and Haves, to have any dealing at all 
 '•with (irangers, and think ii: meet and reafon , thattheymedle neither hot nor cold with them: 
 '• even fo forewarn ye the Nobles from all commerce and enter:outfe with the Commons: to 
 «theend,thacneithervveby ourcourtefieand liberalitie, flTouid allure and win them ; northey 
 
 G ^ again becomedutiful and obeifant to us. How much moreoughcyou(I prav you)if there were 
 " any fpark (Ifav not) ofcivilitie, but of common humanitieand good nature inyon, rather to 
 '' favour, and as much as lieth in you folkrand cherifii, as wellthe gracious kindnefs of theNo- 
 "bles, as the wi ling fervice and obedience of the Commons? Which accord, ifit were peroe- 
 " tual who would not undertake to warrant,that this Seignory and Empire withina whileiTiight 
 <' prove the mi^htieft and tnolt renowned of all thofe Stares that border hard upon our ..onfines ? 
 <■' As for this purpofe intendedand plot deviled by my Colleagues,whereby they would riot ha^-e 
 " the army withdrawn away from the liege' otr<r;«, before the fervice were brought to an end: 
 
 O 3 hovtf
 
 1 JO The fifth Boo\pfT. Livius. 
 
 "how it would not be only profitable, but alfo neceffjry, I will hereafter argue and prove. Now ^ 
 *'• forthis time, I lift rather to treat and fpeak of the prefent condition and ftate ot thole, that are 
 " employed there in warfare.Whi.h Oration of mine,if it were pronounced.not belore you only, 
 «' but alio in thecamp.and there canvalTcd and fcannedof.by the very army it felf,! luppofe,wou,d 
 " feem equal, and be received for good and reafonable. Wherein, i! nothing elfe fliould come in- 
 '•• to my head tofpeak, I would contentmy felf, and reft facisfied with the only fpeeches given 
 «' out by the very adverfnrics. They faid of late, That pay was not to be allowed to the louldiers, 
 '• for that never belore it had been allowed. How thencan they now be offended, and lomale- 
 "conteiu, ifthey who havefomenew commoditycomingto them, be enjoined alfo new labour 
 • proportionab.y ? For never lightly is there travelany where without gain, nor gain common- I 
 " ly without travel and employment.Pains and pleafure, tilings of themielves in nature moft un- 
 " like, yet by a natural kind ol foi iety ( I know not how) are linked together.The louIdier(afore- 
 '• time) thought mu.h to beftow his labour & fervice upon the Common-weal, at hisownpro- 
 "per tharges^yet was he glad with all his heart ,ihat one part of the year,he might look to home, 
 " husband'^his land,and netmaintainanceto find himfelfand his,both at home in City and abroad 
 '^inwsr. Now, taketh hecontemment. and is well pleafed, that the Common-weal is gainful to 
 '■' him :and with joyhilheart receiveth his wages.Let him likewife be content, withpatieme w 
 " to forbear his houfe and fimilv (Tmce he is at no great charge) fomewhat longer than ordina- 
 "ry. Might not theCommou-wealth,if(liewouldcallhim to areckoning, juftly fay : Yearly 
 "pay thou haft, perform therefore thy yearly fervice? Doft thou think it reafon, to receive full K 
 "waoes for the whole year? and to be employed but fix months for it ? Much againft my bto- 
 " mach, O Qiiintes, enforce I this point, and dwell ftill in this one part of my Oration : for 
 "in this wife ought they to reafon that have mercenary and hired fonldiers: but we will ufe 
 " them as fellow Citizens,and think it meet likewifethat they entreat us kindly,and fpeak unto 
 "usas to their native Country. Either ic behoved us, not to have begun the war at all; orelfe 
 * ' to proceed forward, now it is begun : yea, and tor the honour of the people oiRome, to finifh 
 "it withallfpeedpoflible. Andfinifhedit will be, if we prels upon our enemies thus befieged: 
 "ifwedepart notafore we have accomplifhed our hope, by the winning oiVeii. And furely,if 
 *' there were no other caule but this, even the very fhame and indignity of the thing, might force 
 " us to continue fiege unto the end. In old timethe wholepower of Greece laid iiege full ten years L 
 *=to one City, and that for one only woman: Howfar ^goodgod)frorn their own home? how 
 " many lands and feas betvveen?Are we then loth and weary being within 20. miles of our dwel- 
 <• lino place, and almoft in the fight of our own City, to endure the toil of one years fiege ? Be- 
 ".caufe (forfooth) we have but fmall caufe given us to war; andnot griefs enough that might 
 "juftly provoke us to abide and fee the end. Seven times already they have rebelled: In peace 
 '■'■ never were they true. Our Country havethey fpoiled and wafted a thoufand times. The Fide- 
 " nats they have caufed to revolt from us. Our inhabitants there by us placed, they have flain: and 
 " againftall law ofnations they were the principal inftruments of that unworthy and unhuman 
 " murder of our Embafladors, Ail Hetmna would they have raifed up againft us, and at this day 
 " about it they go. And when our Embafladors came to demand amends, they had like to have M 
 " run upon them and killed them. And ought we then with thefe kind of men to ftand at a bay 
 ''-and to war coldly and by leafure ? But it lo juft an hatred as this move us not : do thefethings 
 " (I pray you) m re awhit move you neither? Their City is environed and beleaguered with deep 
 " trenches : blocked with mighty fcon-es, whereby the enemy is pen: up and pinned within his 
 '.'own walls. His fields he cannot till, and what fo ever was afore tilled, hath been deftroyed by 
 " war. If we diflodge and withdraw our ?rmy back, who doubteth, but that they (not for defire 
 " only of revenge but upon necelTity aiio and conftrainc to prey of other mens goods, having loft 
 " their own) wil invade and over run our country ? So that by this means we defer not the war, 
 " but bring it within our own borders and confines. But now as touching that which properly 
 *' indeed concerneth fouldiers (of whom our good Tribuns of the Commons would now in all N 
 *' the hafte feem to have fo great rcg.ird,from whom erewhile they would have wrefted their wa- 
 "ges:)but what is that (I fay?) A trench they havecaft,a rampart and platform they have raifed, 
 " (matters of exceeding travel and labour) fo far about : -fconces at the firft a few, but after as 
 "their army enaea!ed, they have ereded very thick in every place. Forts they have built, not 
 " only to command the town, but alio looking toward Hetrf.ria, to impeach any relief,if any aid 
 " fliould from thence come. What fhould I I'peak of the rolling frames and towers, theman- v^ 
 " tilets and other Fabricks ? What fhould I fpe.ik of the Tarraces, Tortoifes, Rams,and all other 9 
 "engins of affault and battery? Think ye it meet, that after fo great toil and pains taken, now ■ 
 ''that the works at length are brought to an end, thefe things fliould be left and abandoned, that 
 " againft fummcr we fl-iould be new to begin again, and fweat afrefh about the fame? How Q 
 *'much lefs travail rather is it to keep thefe munitions already made? to be inftant, and con- 
 
 V' draw our hope at length. Thus much of the labour and lofs of time. What elfe ? Confidering 
 V thefe fo many Parliaments, thefe Diets and Councels continually in Tufcany, about fending 
 *' aid to Veii^ can we forget the danger that we incur by deferring the War ? Indeed (as things 
 
 now 
 
 \
 
 The fifth Boo{ofT. Livius. i ^ i 
 
 A " now pret'endy ftandj I confefs the Tufcans with the Veientians are angry, they hate them and 
 ''deny to lend: and tor anythingby them done, we might win Feri oucofhand. But who dare 
 *• w-rran:, that ifthe war be delayed, they will hereafter be ofthc fame mind > Seeing that if the 
 *' Veientians have any relt and breathing timegiven them, they are like to fendoftner their Em- 
 "baliages, and thofe more honourable than heretotore. Alio the King who newly is fetiipand 
 "created at /^^//(the only thing that now otfendeth the Tufcansjin procefs oftime,maybech?.n' 
 <' gedior another governor, either by agreement of the State (thereby to reconcile the hearts of 
 " theTufcans^orot his own accord:who will not peradventure that his princely regiment fiiould 
 " behurclnlco chefafety of his fubjeits. See how many things, how many inconveniences fol- 
 B'' low and enfue upon that courfe and manner of proceeding. 1 he lofs of the fabrick and fortifi- 
 '*• cations, with fo great labour already prepared andatchievcd: the imminent and prefent wallino' 
 '' our own borders: theTulVans warinikad ofthe Veiencians. Thefe your devices,© ye Tri- 
 •■ buns, .uemuvh what like to his, that offering afnk m^nlome kind of meat or drink, for the 
 *'very prefent togratine him withal, co pleafe hispalat and to concent his talle, makerh his dif- 
 " eafelong, and peradventure incurable: who might have been recovered out of hand, in cafe at 
 " once tie would have refokitly endured the rightcure of a skilt'ul Phylitian. And lurely, ifit 
 '*werenocmaterialtothemanagingofthis war inhand, yet would it imporc much to martial 
 '• dikipline, ihjt ourfouldiers fliould be acquainted, not only with the fweet fruit of a victory 
 " atchieved. butalfo if occafion required longer time, to abide this tedioufnefs: and to wait for 
 C "the end of their hope, be it ne\ertolong:andifwar be not hniilied in fummer, to Hay forwin- 
 *'te^:and not as fummer birds by and by in the fall of the leaf, to look about and feek for houfing, 
 " harbour and covert, Conlider, I beieech you, and lee. The love and pleafure of hunting carri- 
 "ethmen intomountains, woods and forrelis ; tlcrough frott and mow, after cheirgame: fhall 
 " not we thenuie the like fufferance in the needful exploits of war. whith pallimes iports,and de- 
 *'lig!us, are wont to draw and fetch out ofusPThink we thebodiesofourfouldiersfo effeminate, 
 " tlieir hearts fo tender and delicate, that they cannot for one winter abide in a camp, and torbear 
 "■ their home, but mull needs war as men at lea, watching times and feafonj, and obfervingthe 
 *' quarters of the year? Cannot they endure both parching heat and chilling cold ? They would 
 '•blufh and be abaflied verily, if a man inouldtherewith charge them:andchey would If and ftifly 
 D " in this, and av ouch . Thajt they had both in body and mind manlike fufferani. e and patience.-and 
 "that they were fouldiers as well for winter as fummer: and that they fet not the Tribuns awork 
 *' for any patronage of cowardife and llielter of id.enefs : but remembred well enough, that their 
 «' forefathers were not under fhade for fear of fun -burning, nor hadtheir houfes over their heads 
 •< for taking cold, when they firlt created and ordained cbatmagirtracy ofTribuns. This rather is 
 <'beteemirigthe valour of your fouldiers, thisfitteth wellthenameotRomans,not tohavetheir 
 *' eye upon ^f« only, and this warnow in hand, butco feek tor fame and glory both by other 
 "exploits, and alio with otherhitionsincime to come. And think ye that there would enfoe 
 " hereupon a fmall crack of credit, and hazzard of reputation? Would ye have the neighbor nati- 
 " ons confining upon us, conceive thus of the people of i?9»*^, Thatif a City could receive the'r 
 E « fir(fbrnnt,andabide their alTault for a very fmall while, it need not afterco fear anymore; Or 
 *' rather fliou'.d not this dread and terrr r ofour name fpread all abroad, both f:.r and neer,Thac 
 " no wearifomnefs of long fiege and affault, no violence of bitter winter, is able to raife the Ro- 
 ."" man army from any town once by them inveRed ? as knowing no other end of war but \ iAo- 
 -' ry ? and whole manner of ferviceis not by way of violent force more then of obftinatecontinu- 
 '' ance, whii.h ("as in all other military occalions) foin belieging of Cities is mo!l- needful: the 
 *• greateft number whereof, being either by (frong bulwarks and other fortificotionsor by narural 
 **^ fitUJtion Impregnable, yet by famine, by hunger and thirft, procefs and traif of time only doth 
 "force and overthrow. As it will ( I doubt not) Tm at length : unlefs the Tribuns of the com- 
 " monalty fuccour our enemies : unlets that the Veientians find thatrellefand aid Jt Rcm?^vihkh 
 F " they feek in vain throughout all Hetrttrw. For can there ought happen to the Veientians fo 
 " wIHiedfor, as that firlf the City of /;'7»«<?fliouldbe full of variance, and then the Camp (as 
 *' it were by a contagion hom thence) as full of mutinies ? Butcontrarlvvife lafliireyon, amongft 
 *' the enemies, fo good order there Is and government, that neither the tedioufnefs o: long fiege, 
 " nor yet the loathing of Kingly tule,hath cauted any flir or commotion among them. No. nor the 
 "denial of help from°t he Tuicans hath one whit troubled and dilfempered" their minds: but 
 "•die he fhall torch with ,. that is tbeauthor of feditlon. Neither fliail any man there be Offered to 
 r "fpcal^thofe words which arefpoken here amongft you without any puniiliinent or controlling. 
 <■ He deferveth thebaftanado, to be dry beaten and vvel cudgelled. that forfaketh his Colours, or 
 "departeth from hi.s guard and quarter. But here, in open affemblies, they that pertvvade and 
 G" counfelnot one or two fouldiers, but whole armies to leave their Standards and Enfigns, and 
 '■ abandon the very camp, have audience with applaufe. Infomuch, that whatfoevera Tribune of 
 " the Commons tpeaketh although It were to betray the City, and undo the whole State, ye are 
 " ufed to hearken and give good ear to himiand being ravlfhed and carried .-^ way wichthel'vveet- 
 " nefs of ih,u authority., ye fufter under it to lurk any mifchiefwhatfoever. There remalneth^w 
 "nomorebut this, that the words they give out here with open mouth, the fame they mighc 
 "• iterate in the camp amone the fouldiers, to corrupt the nrmy,and not luffer them to obey their 
 " Captains . For to fuch licentious liberty they are grown ac Romi^, tha?: they fear and reverence 
 
 neither
 
 1^2 The fifth Boo\6fT. Livius. 
 
 " neither Councel nor Magiftrace,nekher Laws nor ancient Cuftoms.neitherDecree of Senators, {j 
 " nor yet the Diftiplineot Military lervice. 
 
 Now was wppw^with his Orations good enovioh for iheTribuns, and able to meet them at 
 everyturn: BritTee; ("a thing that no man would have thought) a lofs and foil received before 
 Veil m de Aff us to have the better hand of the caufe, wrought a greater unity amongthe States, 
 and kindled an ardent dehre to alTail Vat more hotly, and to behege it with morerefoliuion. For 
 whentbey had raifed up a mount neer unco the City, and approached in a manner to the wails 
 thereof, with their rohing towers and roofed mantlets, whiles CH^y) they were not fo \ igiiant 
 in the night feafon to tend and watch thefe Fabricks, as they were bufie and earneif in the day 
 time to rear and plant them ; behold , all of a fudden the enemies opened a gate and armed in great I 
 numbers,erpeci3llywi[hburningfirebrands, fet allonalightfire: and in the fpace ofone hour 
 confumed both the mount and the mantlets, which had coit fo long time in making. And many a 
 man beGdes that came to help(bct in vain) by fword ar.d fire loft his life. Which being reported 
 at Rome-, made all men heavy and fad,and caufed the Senators to take care and fear, how upon this 
 accident, they might poflibly prevent and (lay, either commotion in City, or mutiny in camp: 
 doubting left that the Tribuns would have infulted over theCommon-weal, as if they had gotten 
 agreatconqueft . Atwhactime, they that wereby calling Gentlemen and fo aflefled,and hadno m 
 horfes of fervice affigned them from the City, after fomeconfuitation together among themfelves, ^ 
 fuddenly came into che Senat : and having liberty granted of fpeech, promifed to ferve in the wars 
 with horfes of their own. After that the Senat had right honourably thanked and given them K 
 mofl gracious words, thenewsthcreof was no fooner bruited through the m.arket place and 
 whole City, but behold, all on a iudden the Com.mons came running untocheCouncelhoufe, 
 faying, that as they v"/ere then to ferve as footmen; fo they offered their fervice to the Com- J| 
 monweal extraordinarily without muftering,\^hetherthey fiiould be led,either to Veii^oi toany ■ ^ 
 oth er place whatfoever. Andifthey were conduced to Veil., they would not return again(they 
 fay) from thence, before they had won that City from their enemies. At which words, the 
 Sena tors fo exceedingly joyed above meafure, that hardly they could temper themfelves. For 
 they took not order, as they did by the Gendemen and horfemen afore, that they fhould be prai- 
 fed by che mouth of the Magillrates thereto appointed, nor called them into the Councei houfe, 
 there to give them ananfwer, neither could they keep themielves within the Councd houfe L 
 door. But every one of them in his ownbebalf,fo well as he could <ignified from aloft, both by 
 word of mouth, and gefture of hand, unto the multitude ftanding in the Comitmm, a general joy 
 conceived: faying, That the City of Rome in that concord and unity would be happy, invincible, 
 and perpetual : commending the horfemen, praifin^ the footmen, extolling and magnifying that 
 very day, and confefTing that no w they had furpafled the couttehe and bounty of the Senat, So 
 thatNobles and Commons both, for joy wept againwho could vveepmoft, until the Senator? 
 were recalled intothe Court: where^ decree wasmade. That the Tribuns Military fliould af- 
 femblethepeople,andgivethanksboih to horfemen and footmen, and promifeinthename of 
 ihe Senat, thatthey would be mindful of their affedVionate kindnefs to their Country: and to 
 fignifie that it was their pleaiure, that they all, who had offered extraordinary fervice fo willing- M 
 ly, fhould have their pay notwithrtanding: yea, and for the horfes alfo there were aflignedacer- 
 lain rate and ptoportion of wages. Ihis was the firfl time thatthe Gentlemen began toferveon 
 horfebackfor money. This voluntary army marched to ^f«,andnotonly repaired again the works 
 which had been deflroyed,but alfo went in hand to ereft new;. And from the City was provifion 
 of vidlual brought, with greater care of convo/than afore, that nothing might be wanting to ah 
 army fo well defening ofthe Common-weal. 
 
 The year following had for their Military Tribuns in Confuls authority, C.ServiliHs Hala the 
 third time, Q^ ServiliHS-, P.VrrginiKS ^O^. Snlfititts., A . Mar.lmsthtitcondiimt., and M, Sey^ms - 
 the fecond time. In thefe Tribuns time, whiles every mans care -was bent to the Veientian war,' f 
 thefortof y^».Y//r being neglefted , by occafiontbat thegarrifonfouldiers were disbanded and^ 
 ranged much abroad, and commonly received Voll'cian Merchants into the town, was fuddenly 
 furprifed, by reafon that the warders ofthe gates were betrayed. Lefs company of ibuldiers there 
 were flain : becaufe that all ofthem (befides thofe that were frck j found themfelves occupied and m 
 traded all the country over, and in the Cities adjoining, like to lavvjcfs lackies that follow the ^ 
 Camp. Neither was there better fuccefs at Veiii wherein refted the chief care now, of all their 
 publick affairs. For not only the Roman Captains were more angred one at another,thancou- j 
 ragious againlt the enemy : but alfo the forces ofthe enemies w^re encreafed bythe (\Jddencom- il 
 mingoftheCaptainsand thef^Z/c/V. Whichtwo nations of HctrHria., becaufe they inhabited 
 next, fuppofing when Fi?/jfliould be forced and lort, that their turn would ',;e next to be war- 
 red upon by the Romans: and the Falifcians befides, upon a I'peciai grudgeand old quarrel of o 
 their own, forthit aforetime in the Fidenat war, they had intermedied and intereffed them- 
 felves, fent their Embaffadors to and fro, and by binding themfelves by a folemn oath one to 
 the other, camcunlooked for with their power to ?-^e/7. And by chance they affailed that fide 
 antl^uarter vvheic/l/. '5f/;(^'«^ aMilitary Tribunhad the^-hargeof a fconce, Whngaveagreac 
 alarm and caufed exceeding fright: becaufe the Romans fuppofed certainly that all Hetrttria was 
 raifed out ofevery part, and there prefent, with all the power they could make. The fame 
 imagination animated the Veiemians alfo within the City, to make a felly. So was the Camp of 
 
 the
 
 The fifth Boo{^ofT.L'mus. 159 
 
 A the Romans aflailed on both fides. And whiles they ran together up and down, and turned their 
 enligns every way, and could hardly keep the Veiencians within theftrength of their fortreffe, 
 Dor yet repulfe the violence from their own fortifications and ramparts, and defend themfelves 
 from their forraign enemies behind : their onely hope was to have help from thegre.uer leaguer: 
 that the legions in fundry places might make head, fome againd the Capen^ts and the Faliki, o- 
 thers againlt the ially ot the townfmen. But l''frgwim had the charge of that main camp, one 
 that bare a privat grudge and inward malice againit i'.-r^/Kj, and was hated again of him. This 
 man, when word was broughtthat molt oftheFabricks and bulwarks were afl'auited, tliatthe 
 ramparts and trenches were won, and that the enemies onbothf.des charged iuiiily, kept his 
 
 Bfouldiers well appomted in arms: faying, that it there were any need of help, IiisColie-ic"- 
 fhouldfend unto him, it he would. And he for his part wasnotior.nogantandinfolcnt, bin the 
 other was as peevifli and wiit'ul. Who becaufe he would not feem toi'eek unto his advcrf-ry, 
 .nor crave aid at his hand, chofe rather to be vanquifhed ofhis enemy, than to overLome him by 
 help of a feliow-Citizen.Thus between them for a good while the poor fouldiers went to wrack, 
 and were flain. At thelaft, forfaking their ramparts, a very few of them cLaped into the m line 
 camp. But the moH part, vvith5frff-;«;him!elf, wcnc through to ^5»,e. Where when he had 
 laid a 1 the fault upon his tello win government, it was thought good that Virginim fliould be 
 fent for out ofthe camp: and that in the mean while their Deputie, and Lieutenants fhould com- 
 mand the forces. Hereupon was the matter debated in theSenat, andtlietvvoTribuns kept a 
 
 G taunting and reviling: andm:;ny hard tearms were dealt between them. Few there were that 
 tendered the common good, but cook parr either with theoneortheothcr>as each ot them weie 
 fancied and beloved. Howbeit the I.L. ofthe Senatthought good, howfoeierthat lb fliameful 
 chance hapned either through the default,or unlu.ky fortune ofthe Captains not toexpecl the or- 
 dinary fulltimeoftheeied'tion, but that prefently there fliouldbenew Tribuns military created, 
 toenterintotheir office on the 'Calends of OAober.To which opinion when they were all agte- , i r 
 ed, the other Tribuns military nothing gainfaid it, But Sergitis and Virgimui (tor whole fake it ap- oj^jjj)-. 
 peared chat the Senat was weary of the Magilirates that year) at the firrt made means Si befought 
 them nocto difgrace and dil'credit them fo:.ind afterward aflayed to crofs the decree:deny ing that 
 they would give over their place, before the* Ides of December, which was the fee and ufual day ^ ^, 
 
 [) of entring yearly into new offi.es. Amid this bufinefs, the Tribuns of the Commons, who had *ro ,^?,\ "'' 
 kept lilence even againft their wills, lb long as men were at unity and the affairs of the City pro- ° '""''''^'■' 
 fpered, upon a fudden brake out and threatned fharply the two Tribuns Military, thjt unlefs they 
 would fubmit themfelves, andrelHnthe authority of theSenat, they would commit them to 
 tvard.Then C. Servtbm Hal.i^z Military Tribun.ftood upand faid j" As for you and your threats, 
 *' O ye Tribuns bf the Commons,in good faithjT would gladly fee once, that there were no more 
 *■' power and authority in thefe here, then will and ftomack in you. But who fecth not thacthere 
 *' is no t'ctiving againft the anthority ofthe Senat ? And therefore hold )'C content : and forbear 
 *• you to feek opportunity and occafion upon our variance to ofl-ervvrong. And my brethren for 
 "their parts fliall either do that which the Senat thinketh good : or elfeif th?y fliail continue 
 
 E "ilubbornllillintheircontumacy,! will prefently nominate a Dictator, to force them to leave 
 ♦^ their office. This fpeech was approved with a general accord. And tlie Senators being glad that 
 without the terrors and affrightmencs of the Tribuns authority, there was found out another 
 •--reater power to bridle magillrates: the two military Tribuns aforefaid , were overweighed with 
 thcconfent of all parties, and held a new eleffion of military Tribuns, to begin their government 
 on the * Calends of Oilober : and before that day they refigned up their places. Thus were L. 
 Valerius Potntis the fourth time, M. Furius CamiUta the fecond time, M.Rmilius A£ir/;ercnithe. * '• 'j^f '^- 
 ihird umejCn.CornelirtsCoffis iho. fecondiimejC. Fabius ArnhftHSyiind. L.Julins 7'«//«/,Tribuns °^''''"' 
 military in Confuls authority. 
 
 In whole time many worthy A£ts were performed both at home and abroad, Fornot onely 
 
 F they had war in fundry places atone time, namely,at F>/;, at Cap7f:a, againft F^-ilerii, and with the 
 P«//c7, to the end chat An.vur might be won again and recovered from the enemies : but at Roms 
 aIfo,what about mufters andpayingtbe tribute for lbu!dier<;pay,therewas much trouble. Befides, 
 fhcre was forrie variance, about taking in certain Tribuns of the Commons to the reft : and the 
 fwo arraignments of thofe,who a little betbre had governed in Confuls auchority.caufed no fmall 
 ftir. But the principal care ofthe Tribuns military, was that the mufterfnould go forward. 
 Neither were the younger fort and ferviceablemen only preft forth, but the elder alfo compelled 
 io^ive their names, and to keep watch and ward in the City. But look how much greater was the 
 numberof ionldieT5,fomuch more money they needed for their payment. And rhefame was le- 
 vied by a contribution : but unwillingly of as many as tarried at home. For that befides the levy 
 
 G they were enjoined to become fouldiers alfo, in defence of the Cicy and to fervein perfonforthe 
 Commonwealth. Thefe things, grievous as they were of themfelves, fo by the feditious Orations 
 of the Tribuns in their aflemblies, they feemed more grievous and heavy. Who argued and di(- 
 courfed thus- '^ That wages was appointed for fouldiers to this end, only that what by warfare, 
 '•and whatwith exa£lionsandimpo!ition3,theymightundotheCommons, and makeanendof 
 ''them at once for ever. One war (fay they) hath now continued tbree^years, and the fame, on 
 '= fet purpofe, ill managed -, that it might be drawn out the longer. Again, in one muller t here were 
 " armies enrolled lor no fewer than four wars, whereuntobeardlefs boyesandold crafiemen,. 
 
 v/ei^s
 
 154 
 
 7 be fifth Boo\0fT» Livius. 
 
 * L(x T'dh-n'u 
 puhliQicd by 
 L. Trchonuis, 
 See the ihird 
 
 The inveflive 
 Tpeechof C, 
 Tnbonius a- 
 gainft Sergxui 
 and_ f^irgtniHS, 
 
 ■»The Tj.day 
 oiDtembcr- 
 
 K 
 
 "were taken np and haled forth. Now there was no difference of winter or rMmmer: foasihef, 
 '' poor Commons at no time can have any reft. Who now at laft are taxed alio and racked to the 
 " uttermoRio that alter they have brought home with them their bodies overtoyled withiravel> 
 "weakned with wounds,, and laft of all, wafted and fpent with age: and finding alithinogat • 
 " home imhiisbanded byreafon of the long obfenceot themafters and owners, they muft befain 
 "topny tribute evenoiitoftheir poor decayed quick ftock, and repay again with great ufijry to ' 
 " the Common-wealth, their wages received in vvatjasit were upon intereft. 
 
 Between the mufters of one fide, and the levy of fouldiers pay on the other ride,and their minds 
 occupied about greater affairs, at the election of Tribuns of Commons, the number could not 
 iiilly be madeup: Whereupon there was great labour made,that into the roomsthat were void, I 
 there fi-iouid be feme of the Nobility taken in and admitted. When that could not be obt^ined,yet 
 to impeach and overthrow * the Tribuns law, it was effeded or brought to pais that they fhouM 
 afiume unto them for Tribuns of the Commons, C. Lacerim^ and Marcus Yittilius^hyit\tm\^\\t ■ 
 andpradile nodoubt of the/'^/r//?;. It hapned, fo thatthe fameyearC.Trf^aw^jwasa Iribun 
 of the Commons-vvho would feem to undertake the patronage and defence of the Law Trebo/iia, 
 and difcharge it as a duty tothat name and houf: belonging. He fpake aloud and faid, "■ That 
 •' whereas the Tribuns Military had won that, whereof Ibme of the Nobles had born the repulfe 
 '' in their firft fuit.and that the Law Trebonia was difanulled,in that certain Tribuns of the Com- 
 "• monaky were taken into their fellows, not by fuffrages and free voices of the people.but by the 
 " rule and commandment of the Nobles : and that the matter was come to that pafs.that either 
 • Noble men, or their favourites and toUowers were to become Tribunes of the Commons: that 
 " their lacred lawb were taken from them perforce, and the Tribuns authority wrelied from out 
 *'oftheir hands by violence: ail thefe incenveniencies he complained to have hapned through 
 " the fraudulent pradife of the Nobles : and the miftbievous iewdnefs and treachery of his own 
 *' companions in offie. Thus whiles there grew great heart-burning among ihem, and that not 
 the Nobles only, butalfo the Tribuns oftheCommons, as well they, which were eleded^as they 
 that were eleaors,\vere hardly thought otby the people : Then three of the Company, P.Ch- 
 riatiKs, M. MttUius, and /i^!!mtms,icu\vio fome fhrewd turn, like to fall upon Sergius and Ftrgi- 
 fiiiu, (the Tribuns military ofthe former year^ and by fervingprocefs, giving them a day to an- 
 fwer,turned from themfelves the anger and difpleafure of the Commons, upon thofe two perfons ; L 
 publiflning openly, ''That whofoever were grieved for the mufters and the Tribute, whofoe- 
 "ver thought the war long, and the continual fouldiery tedious, whofoever forrowed for the 
 " dammage and difcomfiture received at '^e;/, whofoever for the lofs of their Children Bre- 
 '' thren. Kinsfolk or any ot their alliance had heavy and mournfulhoufes: to them they offered 
 "liberty and power to vent their publick and privat grief, upon thefe two guilty perfons and of- 
 " fenders, Sergins and rirgirans^ the very caufes of all the mifchiefs and calamities that were hap- 
 " ned. For why ?the adverfary charged them with no more then was confefled by the very par- 
 " ties; who finding themfelves both faulty, laid the blameone upon the other: whiles F/r-^w/wj 
 '' reproached _5frf/«/ with running away sndSergim laid treafon to K/r^/w^w his charge, in that 
 " he denied his help in time of need. For to fay they were both of them fo inconfiderate and M 
 «' fodin-i only, were to fpeak beyond all compafs of belief. But much more likely it was, that 
 •' there was fome packing rather, and that the matter was contrived, and pra6liled of fet pur- 
 <' pofe, and by an ordinary and common fraudulent plot of the Patntii. By whofe means both 
 '' at the firft t/ieVeientians gat opportunity to fire their works, thereby to draw out and pro 
 
 " long the war, and alfo now the army was bought and fold, and the Roman camp betrayed to 
 <' the Falifci. And all this to no other end, but that the youth and flower ot the City m\o\M wax 
 " old at Tf//, and that the Tribuns might not propofe an^ confult with the people about^the di- 
 "ftribution of lands, oranyother commodities of thepoorCommons, or in frequent and full 
 ''affemblyofCitizens intend and follow their publick actions, and withftand theconfpiracy of 
 " the Gentry and Nobles. Moreover there is already (fay they) a prejudice paffed againft thefe N 
 '' offenders, both by the Senat and people of /JffWf, and alfo by their Colleagues. For as they 
 " \yere difplaced and depofed from their office, by an Aif of the Senat : fo when they refufed to 
 "give over, they were for fear ofaDi.ftator forced by their own companions to refign up their 
 "government: and the people of /? we had created other Tribuns military to enter^into their 
 " charge not upon the ufual day which was in the * Ides oiDcccmber- but forthwith intheCa- 
 " lends oWElol>er : a ' ' ' " ' ~ 
 
 I 
 
 s who would fay. the Common-wealth had not been able to ftand any lon^ 
 ger.ifthefe men had remained ftill in place. And yet for all this, thefe perfons thus conviaed 
 " and lore-conclemned by fo many prejudices, come now to be judeed of the people : thinking 
 •Mjicy arefufficiently quit, and dillharged, yea. and have fuffered prniOiment enough, in that 
 
 rd perceive not, that q 
 
 . , puuifliment jnfliffed up- 
 
 ' on them. Forasmuch as even their very Colleagues, whoh.id rot offended, were likewife 
 '■' difcharged as well as they ; Let the Qmntes therefore and people oi Rome^ take that he?.rtto 
 
 .iivjf "»^'ii'"w..ijL.yv.]uu, dnuuiKoargcti, yea. ana nave lucerea prnilntr 
 *' they were two months fooner then ordinary, made private perions ; .u 
 " thereby was taken from them the power only to do any harm, and no pu 
 
 '' them agiin, which they had upon the late ovenhrow,frefh and bleeding new, when thev be- 
 '■ held the army running in fearful flight, fore wounded and agaft, arriving at the gates, 'bla- 
 "^mmg no fortune, norany ofthe gods, but only thefe their ru Krave leaders. And as forus, 
 "we know aflurediy that there is not one of all chemhereprefentlyaffembled,who that day cur- 
 fed 
 
 J
 
 The fifth Boo\ofT. Livi us. i,-^ 
 
 znd M. 
 the anger 
 . _ _ :y botli may and ought, they 
 
 " fliould nor extend ihcirliill power with rigour. Since that even the very gods never lay hand 
 " thcmlelves upon imners and oftenders : but it I'ufficeth that they arm thewronged and opiirei- 
 '' kd perions with means and opportunity of revenge. The Commons upon thele fpeeches mo- 
 *'ved with indignation, tondanned thele two offenders in " iogco. brazen AlTes a piece : not- * liJ-b.^.P:,' 
 withllanding that Se.-<7iw pleaded for himlelt, blamed thecommon fortune of war, and laid all /?'?/.' 
 uponfortune: and ^//-^/'jwrbefought them (but both in vain) thathemivjit notbemore un- 
 B happy, and ipeedworfcat home, than abroad in war. Thus the peoples vvrath beinc diverted 
 uponthefetwo, obfcured and darkned the remembrance both of the alVumption and admitting' 
 ofthe Tribuns at'orefaid, and ot deluding and dilanulling the Law Treboma. The Tribuns thus 
 having got the upper hand, to the end that the Commonalty might have a prefent reward for a- 
 wardingthis doom, piibliQi the Law Aararia, and forbid the levying of thcSnbfidy for louldi- 
 erspay: feeing there was need of' pay tor fo many armies: and fped fo well they had, in the ma- 
 naging of warfare, as they werelike tocome to an end, without any warnng^u all. For at Veil 
 the pety camp which wasiolf , being recovered again, was fortified with llrong bulwarks, and fur- 
 niiLed with good guards. The Tribuns Military, Ai, &myliits and Q^ Fabius-, had the charoe 
 there. And as for M.F.'trim in the Falifcan, and C«. Cornelius in the Capenat Country they could 
 
 C meet wit h none enemies without their town walls.But they drave away booties, and walled theic 
 marches, by firing their villages and their corn .-but as for their towns, they neither aflaultednor 
 befieged tlicm. But in the Volfwian country, after their territory was waded, Ay.xur alfo was 
 alVauited (but in vain; for that it was lituate on high. Whereupon Valerms Potiiit<^ who had the 
 charge ot that province, feeing that force would not prevail, began by trench and rampart to lay 
 fiegetoit,andinveli it round. The affairs of war abroad Randing in thefe tearms iherearofe 
 domeliical Itrife andfednion at home: and the fame was followed moree.?rneHly and with"reater 
 ado, than the wars weremanaged without. And whenbyrealbn of the Tribum^ there could no 
 fubfidies nd exactions be gathered, nor money for fouldiers pay fent to the Generals, andthac 
 the louldiers called onthem hard, and were haliy for their wages: the camp alfo had like to have 
 
 D been troubled and intedcd with the contagion otthofe civil mutinies. Durin>^ rhefe heats and an- 
 <'ry fits ofthe Commons againft the Nobles, albeit the Tribuns ofthe people laid. That now the 
 fime was come oteltabiifliing their freedom, andtranflatingthechiefeltdignity from the SerTii 
 and /^'/'■^(w"- to the Commoners, fuch as were men of valour and a6tion: Yet they prevailed no 
 more then thus, tharone only ofthe Commonalty, (as it were to makeentrie and take pofleffion 
 in the right of that digtiity jto \s\x.-,P.LicinmsCalvtts.([\on\d be created Tribun Military withCon- P.Lidnim Cat- 
 fuls authority : the reii were all ofthe Nobility, Pub.ManUHS;Zx\d P .Tttmms^P ,Meltus^L.V wius ^"i the fiift 
 ./Vfrf.-////;;«j, and L./^rf'/zwiro/ycw/. The very Commons themfelves marvelled that they had ob- R'"'""*"!" 
 tainedfo greata thing, andnot he only who was created,* a man that aforetime had never been povcTa'ign'ro- 
 in place, and born nomagilf racy, yet anancient Counceilor ofState, anelderlyperfon, and well vcrnnKnc 
 
 E (lept in years. Neither as yet is it for certain known, why he firrt and above ali others was coun- 
 ted a meet man to have hanfel,ormakeeffay of this new di^'.nicy and promotion. Some think, 
 that for his brother D?. Co^-^^J/^j his fake, who had been the year afore a Tribun Military, and 
 had given to thehorfemen triple pay, he was through favour drawn in, and called to fo great ho- 
 nour. Others, for that himfelf had picked out a convenient time, and made aplauhble Oration, 
 that both Nobles and Commons liked very wel,cor;Cerning the agreement and unity ofthe States. 
 The Tribuns ofthe Commons rejoicing highly for this their victory in theEleifion, remitted* 
 andcalledinthelnhibitionof thefubfidy orimpofition aforefaid, the thing thatmoR of all pre- 
 judiced the fervice of the Common- wealth. By means vvhereofpaimer.t was madein all dutiful 
 obedience, and fent it was unto the army. Then within fliort time was Anx-.trim the Volfcians 
 
 F Conntry) recovered : by occahon that on a fedival holy day, the watch and ward ofthe City was 
 negledfed.This was a year notable and famous for the cold and fnowy winter, foas the high ways 
 werechoakedup, andT^/fw was unnavigable ; Howbeit, by reafon of provihon brought in a- 
 -forehand, the price ofcornarofe not. Andforbecaufe P. Lia:.vt4s-, as he entred his government 
 without any troubles, and with greater joy and contentment otche Commons than indignation 
 of the Nobles ; fo alfo ruled and executed it all the year long accordingly : therefore their teeth 
 watered at the next eleftion alfo, to make Tribuns military of theirown body. Only M. Vetari- 
 i/i-,of3ll the Nobility that floo'd in fuit for the dignity, had aplaceamong them. But as fortheo- 
 ther Tribuns Military in Confular authority, all the Centuries in a mannerchol'e Commoners, to 
 wit, L. TitiniH!^ P. Mcyienim Racilius^ Cn, Genuttui^ and L. Attilnu, 
 
 G Afterthishard Winter.titherby reafon ofa dillemperatureand difpolition of the weather, 
 fnddenly changed to a contrary, or upon fome other hidden and unknown cau'e, there followed 
 prefendyacontagious and dangerous fummer, by occafionof a peifilence, noifom to all kind of 
 living creatures. Of which incurable malady, when as neither the reafon could be found, not 
 any end thereof feen^ the Books o( Sibylla-, were by a decree of the Senat perufed : and Duumvirs 
 appointedforDivine Rites and Ceremonies, by celebrating a Leffiflern (thenfirif inllituted in 
 the City ol Rome) to appeafe and pacific Apollo, Latona-, and Diana, Hercules-, Mercury and Nef- 
 utns ; fcafted them(as it were) for the fpace of eight days together, & for that purpofe they fet out 
 
 three
 
 155 The fifth Boo^pfT, Livius. 
 
 three beds or banquetting tables, with as magnificeat and flately fnrnitiire as could be for that |^. 
 lime poflibly deviled. Which folemnicy was privatly alio pertormed. All the gates and doors 
 through the City ttood wide open:al forts of v iands were let out abroad to be uicd in common: 
 open honfe kept for all comers, one with another, as well unknown Hrangers as their acquain- 
 tance, with all friendly welcom, and entertainment. Kindly, and courteoufly would they talk and 
 devile, even with their adverfaries : allchidingand brauling was laid afide and put under foof, 
 Theprifonersalfoforthat time were enlarged, yea, and conLieme made afterwards, that any 
 {bouldbe laid or kept in irons, unto whom the gods had vouchfafed that gracious meed. 
 
 But all this while much trouble there was, and many alarms before Feii, by realon that three 
 wars were joyned now in one. For when as all at once the Capenats and the Faliici came (in ma- I 
 ner as afore, about the fortifications and trenches oi the Romans/or to refcue the befiegedjthey , 
 were forced to make head, and hazzard a doubtful battel againlf three armies. But the beft help 
 they had, was the remembrance of the late condemning of Scrq^ins zr\d Firginius. Therefore ha- 
 ving conducted by a neerer way, their forces -from the greater camp (which before lay ft il and 
 would not come to fuccourj they let upon the Capenats backs, as they turned againft the ram- 
 part of the Romans. The battel there begun, made the Falifci alfo afraid : in which affright of 
 theirs they fuddenly fallied out of the lefler hold, in fo good time that they forced the enemies to 
 turn their backs, all quaking for fear. And having got the upper hand, they followed thetrain 
 of the viftory, and in the chafe made a very great ilaughter and deftruaion of them. And not long 
 after, the forragers that walled the land of the Capenats, as they ranged abroad here and there, K 
 encountredtherefidueand remnant of this battel, as if fortune of purpofe hadprelented them to 
 their hands, and fwepc them up clean. Alfo many ofthe Veientians as they fledbackintotheCi- 
 ty, were cut in pieces before their very gates : whiles they within for fear left the Romans at once 
 flionld rufh in, made the gates faft and fo (but out the hindmoft of their own men. Thefe were 
 the atchievances of this year. 
 
 And now approached the Election of the Tribuns military, whereof the nobles had in a man- 
 ner a great care then of the war : as who faw now that the foveraign rule was not only parted 
 with the Commonalty, but welneer on their own behalf quite loft. Therefore albeit offet pur- 
 pofe they had prepared moft noble and excellent men to ftand in fuit,vvhom to pafs by and let liip, 
 they thought the people would havebeenafhamed : yet neverthelefs they ihemfelves (as if they L 
 had been the parties that ftoDd)tried every way, and not only fought the help of men, but alfo cra- 
 ved it at the hands of the gods : making it great fcruple and a matter of confcience : and alledging 
 that the ele(5fions for two years paft were not according to the wilofCod: as appeared by this, 
 fay they, that in the former year there was an intoUerable winter, and luchasportended fome 
 heavy judgements from above ; how alfo the year following, there were no prodigious tokens 
 fliewed alQrehand,but even the very events and effe£ls thereof, were Teen and felt : namely, the 
 peftilence both in Country and City,through the very indignation,no doubt, of the gods, for that 
 in the fatal Books ofStbyl'a it was found out, that they ought to have been pacified, for the di- 
 verting away of that peftilent influence. As ifin thole folcmn afiemblies which ought in the n^me 
 of the gods &relIgiouftly to beheld,thegods thought it an indignation and unfeemly thing, that M 
 the f.onoi'rible offices of ftate fliould be made common: no diUmftion of degrees, no difference 
 of hoi fes obfer .ed, but all confui'ed and fliuffled together. The people therefore being driven into 
 amaze, not only in regard ofthe Mijefty and Dignity of thofe that were competitors, but alfo of 
 a very remorfeofconfi-iene, chofe for Tribuns military in ColT.authority.all ofthe Nobility:and 
 a good part of them, the moft honorable perfonages of the re(t,to vixt, L. Valerius Pot it us t\\Q^z^ 
 time, M. Valerius Maximns-, M. Furius C^mt'llns the third time, L, FttriusMednlliyius the third 
 tnrt.Quint'U! Servilitis Fideyias thefecond thne, Q^iii^tm Sulptitts Camerinus thefecond time. 
 Howbeit in this year no great exploit worthy ofrecord, was performed at Veii under thefe Tri- 
 buns. All the fervice that was.confifted in forraging and wafting. The two Lord Generals railed 
 hugebooties, to wit, Potitn!{i:omF,^icri!-,Ca-ni//iis(romCapena: leaving behind them nothing M 
 whole and untouched, that might be fpoiledby fire orfword. In this mean time.many fearful pro- 
 digious tokens were reported, themoft part whereof were flenderiy credited, forthat ofeach 
 there was but one oniy authonand becaulethere were no foothlayers,by whom they might make 
 procuration therefore ffince that the Tufcans were now profcffed enemies)they were altogether 
 negledted. But oneefpecially there was, which all men had an eye and regard unto, namely, for 
 lake "ifcn'to a ^^at a certain pool within the Albanforreft;withoutextraordinary rain from above,or any other 
 wonderful occafion which might make the thing feem lei's miraculous and wonderful, was rifen unto an ur- 
 height. ufualhcight. Certain Orators therefore were fentto the Oracle of De/phj, toknov/ what the 
 
 gods forefignified by that prodigious token. But they, as god would, met with an interpreter of 
 the Dcftinies neerer home, to wit, an ancient Veientian.Who (upon k time, when as the fouldl- O 
 ers, both ofthe Romans and Tufcans, let fly one at the other tp.unrs and feoffs from their ftations 
 and guards) thus fpakein prophetical wife : That until the water were dr^'ripd and let out ofthe 
 Albanpoole, theRomansflTonld neverbemaftersotthe townofr^/. Which faying of his was 
 at the firfl: contemned as a foolifti word raftilv let fall from him: but after, i^c began to be much 
 talkedof, fo long, until a certain Roman fouldier from out of his ward, enquired of a towns- 
 man that warded next unto him (for now by reafon of long war they had entfercourfe of fpeech 
 one with another) what he was who had caft out fuch an ambiguous riddle of the Alban Lake f 
 
 When 
 
 The Alban
 
 Thefifib Boo\ of T. Livius. i,-,^ 
 
 ^ When he hcsrd that he was a foutbfaien, being himfclf alfo a man not without fomc fenfcof relri- 
 on,he trained that wifard forth to communication.pretcndirg that he would gladly be refclved bun- 
 felr,as toncbing a particular prcdigious objeft that troubled his tnird ; &; therebre r(quefted him- 
 at hisgoodleilure,totakefomucbpain as to, confer with him/and give him counfell about the 
 ex piation and diverting the danger thereoK Islow wbgn they weie Doth gone a good way ^rom 
 tueir fellows^ unarmed, and without all fear and fufpitionojie.oCthc other, the Roman beinf alu- 
 fty tall your.g man, caughtthc feeble old fellow inthefigHt o^themall, and notwithRandinga 
 great itirrha: thcTulcans made^but allin vain)had him away perforce tohis own company; Who 
 biing brought bel-cre the General, was lent afterwards to Romt unto the Senat And 'facing de- 
 
 B manded what the me aning oi that fnould be, which he had prognorticateu and prcfagcd concer-: 
 ningthe Al'?anlake, answered thus.- '* Certainly the gods wert;.cflf.nded with the people otr«i 
 that day on which they put this into his mind to bewray the fatall and inevitabJc dcftruiSion of 
 "• their State and country: and therefore that, which as ilien he being !]irred by divine inlpiration 
 •' had prophefied,neither might he call back again and nnfpeak .• and befidts,. happily by conceal- 
 " ingthokthirgsiwhichtheimiDortall gods would h»ve{obepqbliflied,i;here mightbccommit- 
 «' ted as grtat fin, as by difclormg myfteries to be concealed,:.' Thys, therefore (qnoth he; is it writ- jhc rwb^ a^! 
 "ten in the htall books of fortunes, and thus in the Tufcapslearning, to us is delivered, That wkm oaotrJi! ^" 
 the Alban water overflotved, iftk en the Romans rvith diie flndrekgisus cereraonies let it out, thiv 
 pjou/d have the victor; of the Veientians : but hefore that, the gods rvoitld not forfal^e the wait gfthe 
 
 Q Setemians. Then went he on ftill, and (lie wed what was the folemnand right maucr ot derivina 
 ihewatcr.But the Nobles iuppoJing tuthour to be the light of credit, and notoffufficient ac- 
 count in lo weighty a matter to beleevcd, relolved to expeiSt the Einbatfadors, and the anlwer of 
 the Oracle ot t^p->Ho, But before thefe mcffcngers were reiurtied from Dt/pbi^ or any expiation 
 toiii'd out for this Aiban mirsclerthenew Tribuns Military with Confuls authority, £,./«/*«/ TWr 
 
 lHiXJt!r:usMedHlliMUSth&io\iXihi\mt,t.StrgtusFidenai,A,PoJihumiHsRegiUenfis^P.Cor»tltfts 
 yl/^«^/;7(»»/ix, y^.4^j«/»»/;begantheil government. ^ 
 
 Jn mat year there aiole new enemies, the Tarquiniansjthey feeing the Romans bufied with " 
 
 many v^ ars at once, with the Volfcians at Anxnr, who laid ficge to the fott there : with the &- "^ 
 
 qt' str.s at Lavicos, whoafiaulted the colony of the Romans; belides.with the Veientians the Fa- ' '' 
 
 D liicians and Capenafs.- and that within the City there was no greater quietncjs, by realon of va- 
 riance between the Nobility and Commons .• luppofing, I fay,tbat hereoy they bad good opportu- 
 nity to do fome injury and hirm, they (end forth certain bands of fpuldiers lightly appointed, Into 
 the territory of ^ow«jtoforrage and make Ipoil.-thinking that the Romans would cither put up that 
 Wrong at their hands wivhout revenge, became they would not charge themlelves with a new 
 war .-or encounter them and make head with a fmali power and the fame but flenderanddisfur- 
 bifhcd. The Romans was more offcrided at the indignity of theic bravadoes, then they cared 
 much for the ipoil done by the Tarquinians. And thereupon they neither made much ado about 
 ihsm*tter,nordroveitoutany long while. A,Poflhtimini and Z-.».y«//»; levied a power with- 
 out any ordinary mul^er (iox letted they were by the Tribunesof she Comnaons) even in a tnsn- 
 
 -E ner of voluntaiy louldicrs, whomthey had procured with good words and comfortable fpeeches, 
 And pifTing throughout the country of tYitC/trits by croi's & crooked waiesjlurpried the Tarquih- 
 ans ispon the ludden, as they returned from plundcring,& iadcn with great prizes. Waryy they ilcw, 
 all they eafed of their loading s and thus having recovered the fpoils of their lands, they returned' 
 toRome. Two daies were allowed for the owners,every own to own his propergoods: & on tn§ 
 third da/, luch goods that were unknown fwhcrcof the moft part belonged to the enemies) were 
 fsld in port- Tale: and that mony which was made thereof was divided among the I'ouldiers. Ail 
 other wars,and efpccially the Veicntian, had doubtfuU iffue. For now the Romans deipaiiiusj of a I 
 mans help, regarded and expcSed or.Iy the courle of dcUinies and thewill otihe gods. By which 
 time the EmbafiaJouis were recuned from Z?f/;,^;, bringing the anlwer of the Oracie, sgteeable 
 
 p to the fotmer anfwer made by the wiiard, with was taken prifoner : and itrsn in this forme .• Be- j^ r ■ y 
 vt^.re O Romans that the Ai^a» water be not kept too long $h the pool. Beweur than let it not the Oracle. 
 dijch.ir^e it felf into the /ea. Let tt forth and rvtear the fields therewith, bffmdrj rtvu' 
 his «r fiieamtthoys jhalt waft it md draw it dry. Then ajfattlt valiantly the enemies wal/f 
 rtmrTKheriKg that out of th.4tCitj vhtch fo many years thou hafi iefieged, viEiory is promifed 
 to thee ,i[[Hrcdt)_ b^thofs defiinics which notv are revealed. Atdafter the w.ir efsdrd and con" 
 tjtttfi atchitved^ fee thou hrtvg urto mj temple, an ample an u honourable prtfent : andperfcrm 
 thcf acred certmoxtes of thy country according to theoldcuficme, and renew thofe a frefh ivhich 
 have ot late tine been n^gUVted, Htre grew this captaif.e prophet' above faid to be greativ 
 sccountLvl of: and the Tnbunes military,Cora<//w and Toflhttmttu^W%^x\ to t»ke his cotinicl and 
 
 G advice, abcutthe prcuratiun ot theAlbar: miracle, and toapprale the gods indue order. And 
 found it WIS at I-dlt u h-.rc it was i bat the gods blamed the negieft cfctremonies & for lertin^ the 
 ancient roltmnirics and fjcrifices : and that certainly it was nothin^i eilc, tur that there wasan 
 errour committed in creation of the Magiitrats .• and they fo created, had loleihniicd the La- 
 tine holidiits wrong and celebrated the Sacrifices in the Alban mount amiiTe. The only purging 
 or expiation wherot was, that the Tribunes military fhoiild giveoverthf irofnce,and'that the y 
 fbould take new Aulpices agamby the flight & finging of birds, and lo to proceed coan Interrei^n. 
 AUvvhichthings were according to a decree of the Senat performed. Whereupon there interre- 
 
 P- gens
 
 ,-g The fifth Bo o\pfT.Li vhs^ 
 
 eents fuccceded one after another. M. rJtriM, Q,Servilim Ftden»s,M.Fnrius Camilliu.But all ^ 
 this while 00 end there was, nor intermiflion ohrcoblcsanddiSTentions. For the Tribunes of 
 the Commons diftuibed and ftsid the «(len:)bly for the clcaion (o long, untill it wasagrccd that 
 the greater par ohhe Tribunes military ftiould be created from the Commons. 
 
 During thele affaires, the Tufcans held certain Diets and Couna-ls at the Temple of Foltumna: 
 where when the Capenats and Falifci required that with one cc)«j;monaflenf andrefoluticn, ail 
 the people of //«»-«r/«i{hould raife the fiege from r?//, this advver was returned : " That here- 
 " tofore they had denied the Veientians their help in this regard, that they were net to (eck for 
 «' aid at their hands,from whom in fo weighty a matter they had not lought tor counkll: but now 
 «« their own fortune made anlwer for them. For fuchwas the difficulty of their prelentellate, i 
 " That if they would, yet they well couldnot : confidcring elpecially how into that part of He- J 
 ««»«r/4 there were newly arivcd to feat themfclves there, the Gauls.aftrange nation unto tliem.- " 
 " with whom they neither had affured peace.nor yet certain war to trufl unto.Howbeit for bloud- 
 « lake, and tor the very name, and in regard of the prefent perils of their kinimtn, they would 
 «'grant thus much; that if any of their youth would go forth to the war willingly and of them- 
 " felves, they would be no hindrance. Now was it noifcd at ^«wf, that a mighty great number 
 " of thefc enemies were come to raife the fiege. Whereby the civill difcords ofYas it is common- 
 ly feen upon a gcnerallfearj began to wax more calm and to flake. Fortheprincipall Tribe that 
 had the prerogative to give their firft voice,cho(e P.Licinms Caivia Tribune Military.without his 
 own (uit (but not agalnft the will of the Nobles) a man of approved good carriage, and mcderati- k 
 on in his former government, but exceeding old. And it appeared evidendy, that all the rell for 
 that year, fhould be chol'en anew after him, out of the Colledge of thole that had been Tribunes 
 Confular beforetimes: r\ifae\y,L.Titi»itu,P. Metjetsitu, Cf-GeHMiM,L.^itilius .• whobtforo 
 they were eleded and pronounced, P. Lictn/ta Calvtu ipike in this manner ^by the permiflion 
 ofthalnterrcgent) unto the other Tribes, that were called in their rig;ht and orderly courfe, to 
 theic fufftages." 1 fee well.my maftersO ye Citizens of Aowf, That in this eledion.whcrin ye have 
 The Orjition jn remembrance oar former Magittracy, ye gaeffc and prefage happily againtt the year enfuing, 
 oiLic'miu* cai- «. concord and unity •• the only thing at this time of all others molt profitable : in cafe I fay, you 
 zim 10 the peo- ^ ^^^^^ again, thofe who by experience alfo are become now more iuflicient. But as for me, you 
 
 «* fee I am not the fame man 1 was .• but a bare fhadow and name only is all that is left of P. LicU i, 
 Vnitte. Thcftrengihofmybodycrafie, andfceble, thclenleof my eies and ears dim and dull ; 
 « my inemory faileth, the quickneffe of my fpirit grown heavy and luuipilh. But behold(qaoth 
 « he, laying hand on bis fon) thisyoungman, the very image and portraiture of hira, whom ye 
 «« afore time made Tribune Military.the firft that ever was out of the commonalty.Him trained and 
 "broughtupaftermyownorderanddi(ciphne,infleadofroy lelf, I bequeath, I give, I dedicate 
 « unto the commonweal And i befeecb you Oj^r/r^/, that the dignity whichofyourfdvesyou 
 "have offered unto me, without my Itekmg, you would bcftow upon him at his own humble fuit, 
 •« and the tatherfhe whim this favour atmy eatneftrequeftinhis behalf. T'he father had hisdefire 
 granted. And lohis fonP.L/c/w/w, was with ».hem,whom before we named, declared Tribune 
 Military in Conluls authority. Titi»int and Genutint Tribunes Military, made an expedition j^ ' 
 againft the Falifci and Capenats; Who managing the war in greater heat and courage, than 
 with la-'eadvife and counlel , plunged fhemf elves headlong into an ambuftiment of their e- 
 nemies. GeaatiHS paid for his rafbneflc, and made amends by an honorable death ; For he was 
 flain even btf ore tfic enfignes, valiantly fighting in the vanguard of the battell with the formoff. 
 But Titinus, having after much fear rallied his louldiers, retired himfelf unto an high hill, and 
 made head again.Howbeit he durtl not encounter the enemy on even and plain ground. Thefbame ' 
 of this defeat was greater than the lode other wife. And yet it had like to have turned into a right 
 great damage and overthrow. So great was the fear,not at P^.ome only,whither much news came di- 
 verfly reported .• but alio in the camp before Ff/Vjihat hardly could the fonldiets be kept from run- 
 ning away. For it was noifcd all over the camp, that the Capenats and Falifcians had got the vi- jq 
 ftory, (lain the Generals and the whole army .-and that all the flour and ftrength of Tufccany was 
 not far off. But at ^#iwf there was rfi'jch more hurli-bury; Forthert jiwasverilybelceved, that 
 the leaguer about f^'eH was alTaulted,and that, part ofthe enemies already v^'ere coming in warlike 
 mancr againft the City : (o as they came running on heaps to man the wals. And even the very 
 matrons and dames ofthe City, whom publike fear had cauled to leave their houfcs, fell to their 
 beads and (uppUcation in the churches : befcechingtbegodstoavert and divert deftruftionfrom 
 the houfcs.Templcs.and wals of the City of Rome, and to turn away that fear from them upon Veiit 
 if they renucJ aright their feftivsll dales, it they made latisfaftion by facrifice for the prodigious 
 fights, and nootherwife. 
 
 Now by this tims were the folemn p!aies& the Latineholidaiesrenewed,now wasthe water q 
 let out ofthe Alban lake into thehelds.nowr*/*' drew neer to her hral end,baltned t3y the courle of 
 the Defiinies.Thereforc there was crci^t^M.FHriM Camtllffs Di 'tstor,tbe fatall captainjpredefti- 
 ned to deftroy that City, and to fsve his own country : who appointedj?. Cornelitu Scipio CoUo- 
 nellof the horlmen.The change ofthe General made a change loon of all things elfc.Tbe hopes of 
 inen were other than atote, the minds of men were altered, yea, the fortune of the City leem- 
 ed not the lame. Butfirttof all, he procceiled by martiall law againft them, whointhat feaifuU 
 
 fright
 
 7 he fifth Bool^ of T. Livlus. k^ 
 
 A- fright St the hft al'irm, were fled ftom r<r/i : indtaujht his fouldicrs not to fear their enemies 
 moft, bu? likewile to liand in awe of their own Commander. And after he had publidied to take 
 mufters apon a certain day, bimfeif in the mean while rode poft to Feii\ there to encourage the 
 hearts ofthe fouldiers. From thence he returned to Rome^^otto levy a new army .• and there was 
 notone that refufcd to ferve under his (iaodard. For even the youth of the forrainers both Latins 
 and Hernicks,camc & offered their I'ervice in that war.Unto whom.when as the Dilator had in the 
 Senat houlc ysclJcd thanks, and thit all things now were in (ufhcient readincls, by a decree of 
 the Senat he made a vow,;that when he had won f^eti^he would incont inently celcbiat the great 
 games, and tecdifiesnd confccratanew, the Temple to dame ^/i«(«f ^j, which atoic time had been 
 
 ^ dedicated by Yi.\ns,SttrvtusT»!lius. Thus when he was gone forth from the City, and his army on 
 foo;, .' 1' b greater expeftation of the people then hope .• firft he tbugbt a field with the Falilcians 
 and Capcna.s in the Country of Nefety {jttHedat this day Nefe~\^\\txe he ordered allthe exploits 
 with as great difcretion and policy as might be .• and as it couimonly fallcth out helped as well 
 and fortune favoured his defigncs. He not only defeated his enemies in batell, Lut alfo drave 
 them out of the field, and gained a huge booty, whereof thegreateft part came to the rrealurer 
 bis coffers ; and ibmewhat Cthough not mucb^was given to the louldiers.From thence he march- 
 ed with hi?armourtof^(r«?,iindth^reheca'j!ecl morefconces and baftillonstobemade,and toltand 
 thicker together. And having msde proclamation, that none fliouid fi-^hc without ipeciall com- 
 mandme't, he withdrew the louldiers to the making of trenches and rampiers, fromtheir skir- 
 
 C miifiestha'. thfjy made oftentimes,and that rafhly.betweentheircampandche wallof the town. 
 Thegrtatcit uvoikofall the retl and moft laborious, was the undermming thai was begun into 
 the Caftle of the enemies. And to the end that this work fhould not be intermitted, nor yet the 
 conjinuall labour (tiU under f he ground might over-toil them : he divided the pioneis into fix parts, 
 and each of them wrought x hours round by turns, lo that both night and day, they never gave 
 over before they harl wrought a way totheCaftle.The Dii^ator (eeing nowthe viftoiy as it were 
 in his bar,.is, and amoit ticnCity ready to be taken, and that iherc was liketobeiucbiaccage, as 
 never had been the like ia all tUe wars put together aforetime • left that he might incur either any 
 rnu'iny and angttof the li^uldiers in pinching and leant parting of the pillage, ordilplea;uresnd 
 dikontcntmcnt of the RulcrsandNoblcs of ^uwir, by lb prodigallalargellein fharing all: dif- 
 
 D patched his. letters to the Senat, to this effeid, " That whcrasby thegoodneiTeof the immortall 
 "Gods, bis ovvn policy and direftion, and the travell of his fouldiers, the Ci;y Fett was now in 
 «' a maner at bis devotion j what they would advite, fhould be done with the rich fpnils thereof, 
 *« Ttiets a ere two divers opinions that mightily diftrafted the Scoat:the one of the o\6P.Lictntit4, 
 whole mind being asked of his fon, fpake hrft (by i cport^ and laid : that his opinion was, there 
 fhould apioc'.amatior.be publifhed abroad among tbe people, that '^'holoever would be parta- 
 ker of the booty, fliouid go to the Leaguer before Veii. The other of Ap.Claadhis, who finding 
 fault with this new,pro'Jigallunequall.and undifcreet largefle,in that they thougbs: it unlawful and 
 unfit.tbatthcrrea'uregot of the enemies iliould come once at leaftwile to the common purfe of 
 theCity, which dad been emptied lo often by rca(on of wars: wasof advice, ^« Thst ihcloul- 
 
 E '' diets iliould have their pay out of it, that the Commons thereby night be eafed, in the DifFercnctin 
 "charges of the (ubfidy levied of them .• for lo fliould every mans houfeequsliy feel the fo- '■>- -^fa^t »- 
 " ciety atid part of that benefit, and the hands of idle pei (ons remaining at home m the town.gree- [' ""' 'f y"' 
 "dynowof rifling, ar.d who would bt fingering of Pillage, fhould not pluck from the hardy "'^'^" '"' 
 *' warriors their due re>vards. For as much as it is Qlually feen, that as the valiantcll man 
 "commonly aimethat thegreatefVpart of travell and perill fo the mote coward alwaies reich- 
 '*ethatlhe biggeft pojtionofthe ipoil, and hath his hand decpeft thrreinv Contrariwifc, L«- 
 «' ciKius, alledged that fnch mony laid up would be alwaies lulpefted and odiou-, and would mi- 
 " nifter matter unto the Commons ot criminations & finding one fault or other, whereof ieditisns 
 ** and commotions may aril'e, and would give occalioi Sofncwlawsto be- prttened : and there- 
 in "fore better it were.- thatbyth^s gift and boon the htarisof theCommons were won and recon- 
 " cilcd : who being ibcnt and eaten out by realon of their charges of (o many years, herewith 
 •* might be well relieved. And that they ought to taft the fruit and f weetntfT.' of the booty out 
 *ofthat war, in which they had fpent their years, and were waxen oid men. And that it 
 • would be more welcome and acceptable, that every man fnould be hi» own carver, and with 
 " h's own hand catch from the encmie what he could, and bring it home with him, than if they 
 "fliould receive much more by a great deal at the difcretion and plealurecf another. And the 
 •' Diftstor hia felf- (tauh hejhath avoided as neer as he could, thedilplealure, hatred, and offence 
 "that might arile thereof, and therefore polled it oflf to the Senat : the S'cnat ought likewile 
 '' feeing the matter is put to them, tolet the Commons alone therewith, and permit every man to 
 ^ " have Inch fhare as the fortune of war will allot him. This adviie which made the Senat gi ati- 
 ••ous with the people, was thought to be the f«fer and better of the twain. Whereupon procla- 
 *' mation was mide, Tbst wholoever would havepart of the fpoil oU'eit, Hiould fhew hi i lelte 
 •' before the Dik.'^ai or in ihecamp. So there went a huge multitude, that they filled the camp 
 againe. Then the Didator after (acrifice done , and advicetaken of theluckyfignes of birds 
 went forth and com:, sn Jing his fouldiers to take armes and weapons in hand, fpake thele words 
 ••and (aid • " By thy condudl and tfie inlfinfl of thy divine power O Prthiui yipoll», I !cr tor- 
 ;' ward I J tbe winaing of the town of A'ir/<,&: now to thee I vow tbe tenth part of the f poils thercf. 
 
 ^, a And
 
 [^0 The fifth BooJ\ofT' Livius. 
 
 *' And thee withaU(6 Queen Juno) who at this hour doft inhabit within the compaffe of thefe |^ 
 ' ' wals, 1 befcech, that thou vvouldft voucWaf e, to follow us alter conqueft into this city, ours 
 *' now, and thine within awhile; whereasthoumaleft befhrinedina Temple incct tor thee,and 
 '• the grandeur ot thy majefly. Having made thefe praiers.with an exceeding multitude he inveft- 
 ed the city, and aflaulted it round on all parts : to the end that they within might have lefle percci- 
 vance of the peril intended towards them from the undermining.TheVeientians little knowing that 
 they were betrayed, partly by their own prophets, and partly by the Oracles abroadjSnd that fome 
 of their gods were invited and bidden to part of the lpoilandlaccage,andother by vowes and 
 praiers trained and called out of their own city-, began to look after the temples of their enemies 
 & their new habitation;: little weening that this was their laftdayj& fearing nothing lefs than that i 
 their wsls (hould by undermining be overthrown, and that their Caftle was full already of enemies: 
 every manfor bimlelf ran armed to the wals, matvailing what the matt erfhould be, that whereas 
 for fo many dsies fpace no man flirred ont of tbeRomans Leaguer,tben of a fudden(as if it were in 
 a wood ragcj they ran upon headjfo raflily to tbcaffault. But hereto belongcth a tale j That 
 when the Veientian King was at lactifice, this voice of the Southlaier was overheard out of the 
 mine under ground, That he whofe hap was to eut forth the Inwards of^that/acrifice ^ou/d chain 
 ^/ffor;, and moved the Roman (ouldietSj to break outof the undernnning, and to catchup the 
 entrails and bowels, and carry them to the Diftator. But as in things of lo great antiquity ,it fuf- 
 ficeth me,(bat thole which carry tome likelybood oftrutb, be received for true .• fofor fabulous 
 matters fitter indeed to make a fhew in a ftage play (where people take delight in fuch miracles) iq 
 then to be (adiy beleeved, it will not quit for the pains either to avouch them, or dilavow them. ' 
 The mine or cave at the tame time (no doubt)fullof chofen fouldiers, yeelded forth all at once ar- 
 med men into the Church of "juno, which was in the cattle of F^/>, and fome of them fetap- 
 on the backs of their enemies that were on the wals .• others pluck up the portcullis of the 
 gates: fome of them, whiles from the houfes the women and tervants flung down tlones and 
 tiles, cafl tire abroad. So that every place was full of cries and voices, partly of them that fright- 
 ed others, and partly of thofethat were affrighted, with a confufed fcreecking of women and 
 children. When as now in a moment, the armed fouldiers were thrown down from the wals e- 
 very where, and the gates (et epen .• whiles fome entred marching in aray, others fcaled the naked 
 Thecityof wals, the city was tilled with enemies : and skrmifbes there were in every place.After great mat- £ 
 p;; won by ^^^^^ ^^ ^ execution committed.the tight began to quail.-and the Diftstor commanded the Bedles 
 mt M to proclamc and give commandment, to fpare the unarmed. Thus tliebloudfbed ended, Where- 
 
 up-on the unaimed people began to yeeld; and by permitfion of the Diftator the fouldiers ran to 
 the fpoil. Which being brought in tight of the Diiffator, of greater price and value a good deal, 
 than cither was hoped or looked for : it is faid that he ftretched forth his hands towards heaven 
 and praied, " That if his own fortune and the felicity of the people of Rokc were thought by any 
 " god or man to be excetHve, the envy belonging thereto might be mitigated with as fmall 
 «'pivat lotle ofhis own in particular, and witbaslittle common calamity ofthe people of 
 *'■ Rome in general!, as might pollibly be. And it is recorded, that in this maner praying and wor- 
 fliipping, as he turned himtelt about, he flipt forward and caught a fail. And as men afterwards w 
 guefled by t hat which fell out, it was fuppofed that the ominous token pretaged the condemnation 
 ofCamll/41 himfelf.and the ruin of the city of Rome, which hapned within a few years after to be 
 forced and facked. Thus was that day tpent in the flaughter of enemies, and m rifling of that 
 motl wealthy city. The morrow after, the Diflator fold in portfale the bodies ofas many as 
 wercfrecborn. Thatmony only came into the common treafury not without tome anger and 
 repiningof the Commons. And as for that booty and tpoil which they brought with themaway» 
 theycouatedthemfelves beholden therefore, neither to the Generall himfelf (whoto colour and 
 excule his own nigardife had referred the matter to the Senat.-wherein he might have uted his own 
 liberty and difcretion) nor to the Senat : but unto the houfe oi the Licimi, whereof, thefon 
 propounded tbematter before theSenat, and the father was the author of fo popular an over- ]nj 
 turc. 
 
 When as now v^orldly and earthly riches, were carried forth and tumbled out ofreii by heaps, 
 then began they to remove and have away the facred gifts and oblationsof the gods with the gnds 
 themfelves.butafcerthe maner ofdevoutworfhippers, rather than of greedy tpoilers, Fotchoten 
 there were out of the whole army, certain youths in the flower of their age, who having their bo- 
 dies ciean wafhed, and being arraied in robes, had in charge to carry Queen Juno to Rffyie., and 
 entred into the Church with great adoration and reverence.* and attlie tirft v^ry charily and religi- 
 oufl; laid hand upon her, for that (after the Tufcan maner) there ufed none to handle tbatlmage 
 but the Priellofone certiin tribe. After this, when as one of them, whether it We're upon a certain 
 divine inlpiration, or in tome youthfull Iporr, cafl out thefe words, Wilt thou march to Rome dame ^ 
 luno ? The rtft with one voice cried aloud, That flie gave a nod, and teemed thereto to give af- 
 fcnt ; whereupon this alfo was added to the tale, that the wss heard to tay, / rviU. But for certain 
 it is reported, t hit the wasttirredoutof her footl\a!l, wiihthehelpof a tmall lever, and that as 
 flie willingly was dilplaced.fo the was eafily removed & tranflatcd,3nd fo fafe and found ccnveied 
 into the mountain AventineXtiCK. to abide and remii.T forever; which was the place afTioned un- 
 to her by the vows of the Roman Didator.And there Camiha according to his vov/, dedicarj-d to 
 Iier after w«rds a temple. This was the tinall end and fall of Ven^\\xz richeft City of all the Tulcans, 
 
 which 
 
 1^
 
 The fifth Boo\ of T. Livius. i6x 
 
 » which even in the Uftand utmoft calsmiry fhewed her mff^htinefs, and having beenbefieged 
 round aoout continually the Tpace often lumaiers and winter;; ?c in that time done nuchmore anl 
 noianceand hurt then it received, was now at lad through ;hc neceflity of fatall deftiny, gained 
 rather by long fiege and (ccret undermining, then won by toicible adault and violence. 
 
 When tiding came to ^«>»ir of the winning of FV';, albeit both the prodigious fights that were 
 fcen, had beenexpiat by (acr!fice>af(d thaithcanlv" ersofthe Prophets and wilemen.yes.andthe 
 Oracles oi Afollo were well known : and that (o far forth as mens counlel and policy might help, 
 they had cholen for Generall M.Fnriiu, the molt nuble captain and warrior of all othtr : yet con- 
 lidering they had there warred lo many years with variable fortune, and received n any loiTcS and 
 ^ overthrows, their joy was exceedini; great, as it a thing bad hapned unlooked for. Arc! before 
 that the Senat could make a decree, allthe churches were full cf tDc dames oK/Jow? giving thanks 
 to their gods. And the Scnat ordained by an aft, that fuplfcationsliiouldcontmue for fciar daies, 
 the like as never bad been before time in any war. The Dirtator alio was met upon the way as he 
 came home by all degrees and eftates in great number, and was more welcomed and honoured 
 then any man afore time, to that day. And the triumph fir cxceded the uiuall maner of the folem- 
 nity to that day belonging. Butmolt of allwashehiinielfail goodly to be leen, entring into the 
 city in a chariot drawn with white fteeds. And that was thought an honour, not only ancheet for 
 the quality cf a citizen, but hardly befeeming the condition of any man whatfoever. For they 
 made it a matter of conlcicnce, that their Diftator fliould be equal! with J«/>/f/r, and the fun, in jhe temple 
 tefpeft of their hones . for whichonlycau(eefpeciaily,the triumph was more glorious than gra- otQueen liiL. 
 C cious,a;id taken in good patt.Thenafligncdhe &lct out to Queen Jfa^o a church in -.4«z'f»ff>'; hill, "".i tie temple 
 apd dedicated another to dame MMnta, and To having a:chieved and performed thofe divine and ^^^^*'*'<^' 
 human deeds, he ren'gned up his Diftatorfhip, 
 
 Afterrhisbeganiomefpeecn about the Prcfcnt to ^/>o//<). Unto whom, when as gamillat faid 
 thathehai vowedihetenthpart of thefposL- and the Priells and Prtiats thought good that the 
 people Ibonld dil'charge their confcience in that behalf: there could no ready mean be found how 
 to command theai to give back again ttie ipoil, that the due portion thereout might be let apart 
 for the holy oolation. At the length they grew to this point, which was thought the eahcff courfe 
 of all.that whofoever would acquit himfclf and his houle in confcisnce, fhould, after he had made 
 tneitimattohimfelfof his own iTiareinthe (poil, biing the value & price of the ten' h part into the 
 D common Chcft ; that thereof might be made a golden oblation, meet for tucitate of that Temple, 
 bcfeeming the power of that god,andaniwerable to that dignity of the people of iJcwe. Yet even - 
 this contribution alienated the hearts of the people fron? Camtlltu. 
 
 A mid tbefe affairs there came Embaffadouts from theVoIicians andvEquians,to treat for peace, 
 and peace obtained they, rather bccaufe the city, wearied with conKuali wars, might now tnke 
 reft and be at quiet, than for any deferts of them that I'ued for it. After ^eij w as taken, the year 
 following had fix Tribunes Military in Confuls authority, two P.CotwrA;, namely. Ccjfwj ar.d 5?<- 
 f.o, CM. Valerius Maxtmtti the (econd time,'C. VAbms Anibn^us the fccond time.L. tMrtui Me- 
 dulltnuixht iccond time, and y^.5f>'t;///»/ the third time. Unto the Cor»c/;j fell out by lot the Falif* 
 canwar,toF.i/m«/and 5«rW««/theCapenats. Who neither afiaii'.ted th.ir cities by force, nor 
 E wearied them with (iege :ba:forraged the countries, and drave booties awiy ofluch things as 
 were in the fields,not atree thatbearethhi]it,not any fruitful thing!* befiJcs^cfcspcd their bands^This 
 difttefle and calamity lubducd the Capenats .• who thereupon fuedfor peace, and had it gran- 
 ted. But amongft the talifcians the war continued ftill. Inthe meantinne, x<Rome\^txz were 
 fundty Icditions. For the appealing whereof, it was thought good to lend aColony to Vol[ci,\ai 
 thither three thcufand citizens were appointed in checkroll. And Triumvirs were thereto chofen, 
 . who divided to every man three acres of ground and a half, and one twelfth part. That btgan 
 to be defpifedjbecaule they thought it but a poor comfort offered to f>op their mouths witha!l,ind 
 to put them bcfidc a greaierhcpe. For why fhould the Commons be fcnt a way into the Volfci- 
 ans land jfecing '.here wai Vei'j within their tye-fght, a molt fair city, and the land about more pien- 
 F tifuU and Urge (ban that of Home \ And as forthe city it fclf, they preferred it, cither for the fite, 
 or ftateof piivator publick buildings and other places, bEfcre the city of Aow*. Moreover a mo- 
 tion alio was made (which, after that Rome was won by the French, was more hotly followed V 
 concerning a General tianfmigration and removmg to Va'j for ever. Many .they intended 
 that Vei]^ ihould be inhabiied, partly by theCommons,and parily by the Nobility.- lay ing,That the 
 people of i?«iw^ might well enough inhabit two cities joyntly inoneUateof Commonwealth, 
 ••Ay..inft all thi5, the LL, oftheSenat laboured whjt they might, and plaineJy (aid, they 
 " would looner dye in the fight of ihe people o\ Rome, than any of thofe matters Ihould paffe. 
 For -.vny ? if there were now in one city !o muchdiJention.what would there be in twain? Would 
 Q '' any msn be lb mad, as to prefer a conquered city, before his own country that had conquered 
 " the tariie ? and futfcrcd FVj after it is won to be m better eftate then it was atore, even when 
 " it was M the bcft?Fiosliy,wcll mic^ht they be forfaken at home m their own country by their citi- 
 • 'Zens, bat to foiUke their country and ctizens, they would never be brought cy any force .wbat- 
 '■ ioever. They would not follow to F>7, T.5'<a«»«; as theirfounder/for heamonqit the TriCiuns 
 •'ofthe Commons perfwaded tbi.'w Aft; and lesv- their god Romnlns the Ion of i sort, tbefirft 
 ftoc'^fa:hcr and beginner oi- the city or /Cjwe. Whilesrhcle mattcr,<! were in handling with foule 
 Ritatid much debate and vaiiancc (tbr the nobies bad v?on to their opinion fomc of the Tri- 
 
 P 3 tune>
 
 j^3 "" ~ Thefiftb Boo\ofT- Livius. 
 
 Tribunes^ there was nothing el(e thatftaied the Commoos hands trom outrage, but this, that H 
 When there was an outcry made to begin the quarell, and to let them together by the ears, the 
 chicte and principal Scnatouts firft came forth to the multitude, and offered thcralelves to be laid 
 at, fmitten and (lain. In regard of whole age,dignity, and honour.they fotbeaiing to do violence, 
 werclikewileforfliameftaiedin their mood, forany the like attempts befides. CamillHs taking 
 vantace hereof, ever and anon in alt places, made (peeches unto the people, and faid ; "That it 
 « was no marvell truly , tha t the city was in a rage and madnes, which bemg charged with a vow, 
 ••made more care of ail things elfe.tben to dUcharge their confcience thercof.and lee it perform- 
 **ed. As for the collation and gathering of a tmall donative, rather then a tithc,helaid nothing of 
 «' if.l'eeingthateverymanprivatly bound himfelfthereto, and the body of the people Qood fre- ^ 
 «' ed'therefrom.But one thingtherc was that his conlcience would not f ufFcr him to hold bis peace, 
 »' that out ofthat booty only which was of moveable things, the tenth was appointed to be levi- 
 •«ed : as for the city and ground that was won, which alfo was comprifed within the vow 
 «' there were no words at all made.When as the debating of this matter,which to the Senat feem- 
 cd doubtfull and hard, was put over to the Priefts and Prelats : their colledgecalling to them Ca- 
 w7Z»/,thought good, thatwhatfoever the Veicntians bad before the vow made, and whatfoevcr 
 after the vow, came into the hands of the people of ^owf, the tenth part thereof ftiould be con- 
 iccrated to Apollo. So both the city and the lands were valued ; and mony taken forth of the city 
 chamber And the Tribunes military Confularenjoyned therewith tobuygold. Whereof there be- 
 ingnotftore enough, the dames of the city, having their aflemblies and meetirigs by themfelves I' 
 for to conlult therabout,by a common decree made promife tothe Tribunes military, and brought 
 into the exchequer their own gold, and all the ornaments and jewels they had. This wasssfac- 
 ceptable a tbing,and as well taken of the Senat, as ever any had been : and for this liberality ('men 
 lay >hey had this honour granted unto them, as^tojride to church and to plaies in bangingor 
 fhip.coachesjJand as well on working dales asholidaies, to be at their wagons. When the gold 
 was of every one received by weight and prifed to the worth.that they might again be paid mony 
 therfor'c: it was agreed that a [landing cup of gold fhould be made therof, and prelented as an ob- 
 lation to' Apollo at Delphi. So foon as they had eafed and disburdned their minds of this religious 
 vow the Tribunes of the Commons began fcdition anew. So as the multitude was incited and 
 ftirred up againft all the peers; but above all other againft Camilifts; charging him.that what by con- L 
 fifcatine and confecratingthe booty of the Veicntians, he bad brought it to juft nothing.Thofe no- 
 bles that were abfent they blamed and they cried out againft mightily, but of fuch that were pre- 
 lent in place, and ofiFcred themfelves unto them in their anger, they hid fome reverence. Now fo 
 foon as they fa w the matter in queftion to be deferred and continued paft that year,they chofe again 
 tor the year following, thofc Tribunes of tlie Commons, which were the authors ofthat aft and 
 law. The Nobles likcwife endeavoured the fame for thofe that fhould oppofe themfelves againft 
 T%l'aw. So the Tribunes of the Commons^a good part ot them) were chofen the very fame again. 
 But at the Eleftionof the Tribunes Military, the Patritij after very much ado got at length, , that 
 r«r/M* C<iwi//w was created. They made feniblance and pretended, that they would be provided 
 ofaGenerall for war, but indeed their purpofe was tobe furniflied of an adveriary to withftand j^ 
 the afls and proceedings of the Tribunes. Together with Camilltu were made Tribunes Military 
 in Conluls authority, L.Furiat MeduSixus the fixt time, C. t^mylim ,L. Valerius PabliceU^ Sp. 
 Pcfikftmius.P. Corneliw the fecond time. 
 
 Itithe beginning of theyear,the Tribunes of the Commons ftirred not nnuWM.FHrifu Cam/l- 
 /«« was gone againft the F.-j///",is his charge required for that war.And by delaics afterwards the 
 matter was well cooled. As for Camilltu, whom of all other they moft feared to be their adverfary, 
 he waxed great and glorious,by his fervice againft the Falilci.^or when as at the ftrft^ the enemies 
 kept themfelves within the wals, thinking it the lafeft way.- he by wafting their country, and 
 letting fire upon their villages, forced them fo come forth of their town, howbeit they feared to 
 be too bold, and to go far forward; and encamped themfelves a mile and leffe from the town-, jsj 
 repofing their fafety and (ecutity in nothing elfe, but in the dangerous and hard paffage, the waies 
 all about being rough, ragged, and ftony, in fome places ftraight and narrow, in other up hill and 
 ftcep. C<j»9»tf«^ having tak en a prifoncr out of the fields, and being guided by his diredion, late 
 in the night diflodged his camp, and betimes in the morning at break of the day, fhewed him- 
 lelf upon the higher rounds a good deal.T'he Romans on three lides,ftU to fortifie by trenching and 
 caftingrampiers, whiles the reft of the army flood ready ranged for the batreli. And where- 
 as the enemies affaied to hinder the work, he difcomfited them and put them to flight, where- 
 upon the Falifci were fo frighted, that as they fled amain in difaray, they paflfed beyond their 
 own camp,which was neerer ^ and made as faft as they could to the town. Many were ilain and 
 many wourdei,before that in this affiight they could hit upon the gates. Their camp being taken, q 
 the booty thereof came into the Queftors ccffcrs, with the great gruditig and anger of the 
 louldiers. Howbeit yeclding to the feverity of dii'cipline and good government : the fame vir- 
 tue which they had hated before, they now honoured and held in admiration. After this was 
 the city befieged, and (conccs and platforms railed about it. Otherwhilcs alfo, as occafion 
 was offered, the tovvnimen would fally forth and aflsile the Romans camp.and make light skir- 
 miflies. Tbusthetimepaffed without any greaf good hope of either fide .• fortbatthey within 
 the town befieged, had of their former pro vifion more ftorc of corn & other neccffaties than they 
 .••• that
 
 The fifth Boo\ of T. Livius. i6j 
 
 k that lay at ficge without. And it feemeth they would have bad as long a peece of worke there/as 
 tbcy hadatrr/;,had notforruneyeelded to the Romans Genera!,boch a trial of his approved vertue 
 in war and alio ipeedy. vidorie. 
 
 It was the manner among the Falifciansito entertain for the government of their Children,onc 
 
 tbatfbould teach and inftrufttheminfcnoo!, and witball bear them company wheresoever they 
 
 went: and many children together (as the gnife continued ftsll even to this day in CJrwr*) were 
 
 'committed to the charge and tuition of one man. As for the Nobles and principal! mens ions of this 
 
 '"City (asit isufually every where elfe) a (peciall man bad the teaching of tbem, lucbanone, as 
 
 wai thought moll learned and the greateft clerk of all other. This man, having in time of peace 
 
 » begun to bring the children forth before the town fide, to dilport and exercife themf elves, gave 
 
 not over bis wonted manner now in time of war. And ufingdiUto train tbeni abroad one 
 
 while neerer, an otherwhiles further off from the cate .• it fell out fo.tbat one day v/hat with pa- 
 
 ftirop, and what with plealsnt talk and difcourles^be drew them further then be acculiomed: and 
 
 • .feeing his time,wenr forward as far as the enemies corps de gardf^viA fo forth on,till he had brought 
 
 thera within the compaiTc of the camp, and even to Camillus his pavilion. Where to his wicked Monte Fiaf- 
 ; "intended aft, he added alfo a more graceleflc!peech,iaying, "That heyeelded* Faienj into the ccnc 
 " Romans bands, in that be gave them thofc children to do with whit they would, whole parents 
 were the rulers and commanders of the city. Which words when Camtll-^ beard,tboa Cornell not ^''^ "'of'^s of 
 ,«' (quoth be)Iewd wretch as thou art.with thy lewd and curftdprelent, either to a people or to a fr^iTceVouT ' '"^ 
 ■ "captain like thy felfe We have not indeed with the Falilciansanyleagueat all, by covenant of idmol mailer 
 C "man concluded and eftabliihed .• yet by nature, thereis and willbcdulakind ofainity orloci- ^fth: Noble- 
 "etji between us and them. There are laws due for war as well as for peace .• andthofehave we "^^"^f^J'"*''' 
 •Mearnedtoobfervenolcffe juftly, than valiantly. We bear arms nctagainftthat (iiiy age,wbich ^*^"^^' 
 \ •' ulually is (pared in rafiog and lacking of towns, but againft armed men, and thoie who being, 
 \ *' by us neither harmed nor provoked, have afl *iled the Romans camp at rdj. A nd yet thofe ene- 
 [ « mies(as bad as they be)like as thou halt for thy part exceeded them in a ne w and ftrange kind of 
 ■ "* wickednefie .• lo will I conquer 1 doubt nor, by feats that the Romans profefle.- by vertue, by 
 I «' travell, by hardy fight .- like as I have done feij already. Alter this be cau(ed him to be (tripped 
 naked, and (o with his bands bound behind him, he delivered him to the cbiIdren,for to bring biixi 
 back to Faienj .- and gave them rods witball, whcrwith they might whip and drive this traiieroUs' 
 D pcrfon forward info the city. At which fight the people at the firft came running together .• and 
 (hen the Magitlrats called a Councell to fit upon tais Itrange occurrent. But fee what a change 
 it wrought m their hearts. They who a while before were with hatred and anger (o cruelly fecj 
 as that they wifhed rather in s maner to be deftroied with theVeicntians, then to accept of peace 
 as the Capenates had done.- now through ont the whole city required to be at accord with the 
 Romans. No talk in the Market place, no Ipeecb in the Councelhoule, but of the fiitbfulneffe" 
 and truth of the Roman.sand of the jurtice of their General!. And with one generall cpnftnt of all 
 Embafladouro were lent to CamiHui, into the camp. And from thence by permiflion of CamiUia 
 f o the Senat of Rome they wrnt, to deliver up F<i/m; : and being admitted into the Scnat houfc, 
 in this wife (by rcpoi t j they ipake : " In that viftory fright honourable) vvhich neither God nor 
 E manc3ncbuiebutallow,are tve by you and your General overcome and vanquiflied.Andberc we TdeOrjtIon 
 render cur felves iniojour hands : luppofingthis^than vyhichtoa conquercur there can be no- °fthcEnnbafl»- 
 thing mbre bonourablc)tbat we fhiU live better under your govcrnment,than under cur own pro- ^"" "' ^"'"^ i ' 
 per hwsandliberties.lhe event & iflue of this warjbath afforded to mankind two worthy exam, "ffl'^ " 
 pies to tollow.Ye for your part have made choice to oblerve faithfulneffe in war,'-?ther then to at-- 
 " chitve a prdent conquelt .• and we again, by this your faithful dealing induced and provoked, 
 " have willingly y ecldcd unto you the vidory/confeffing our I'elves now prel"c«tly to be your lice 
 " & lawful! lubj efts Send whom you wilUe receive our armor,our hoftages,our town with open 
 " gates. Neither ;fhal you ever repent of our lUeagance nor, we think much of your rule & go- 
 ^_ vernmcnt. C(tfw///«M had thanks both ofthe enemies and of the citizens. The Falilci were chiiged 
 •r with mony for that years pay,thatthe peopleoti^owf might be freed of their fobiidy. Thuswhcn 
 peace wasgrantcd,thearmy was brought backagain to Aowtf. 
 
 When as CaiK-Bta was returned after this conqucR: of his enemies into the City, with much be*- 
 tercooimendationjtban whenas in triumph he roue in achariot drawn with white borfesthroueh 
 the city,as being now famous for his juft dealing and faitbfulnefle: fecretly the Senat was abafhed 
 for very reverence of the man, and could no longer bear, but without further delay to acquit bim 
 of the vow be made.So there were lent L.ValeriHf:,L.SergiHi,A Manlim asEmbaffadorstnone 
 galley nn wafted, to prclent unto eylpelJe at Delphi by way of obligation, a Handing cup of gold. 
 Who not far off from the narrow leas of .S''o7j'.wereencounticu & horded by certain Lipsrenfian 
 ^ pitatsor menot war, andhsd to Lipara. Now the maner was of that city, as common rovers u(e 
 10 do) for to divide the prize among them. Haply the chief officer or Magidrat for that ye8r,was 
 one TimnfitheHi, a man more like to the Romans than his own countrimcn. Wholiaving hiin- 
 iclflomc reverent regard of the name of Embafladours, and the prelentof thegodto whom it 
 was lent, and the occalion thereof: pofselsed the multitude alio (which alio rightly relembleth 
 their governor^ with due religion and prick of conlcience. This head ruler brought the Embalsa- 
 dors into their logding,& entertained toem courteoufly at the cities charges, wafted them with the 
 convoy oU luificient fleet : accompanied them in pcrfon to DrZ/A/, and from tbcncc conduced 
 
 (hcB?
 
 1(^4 The fifth Boo\ofT.LWms, 
 
 tbe.Ti ."om.; again die to Rome. Whereupon by an aft af the Senat,there was a contraft made with ^ 
 him of »;r:av and mutuall entertainmcnt,and gifts beftowed upon liim at ihc cities coft. The lame 
 year ih re was dcubttuU war with the JEqalatis, (o it was uncertain both in the army and at Home 
 whether they had won or loft the vidtory . The Generals for the Remans, were of the Tribunes 
 Military, ^.c/£fw;^/««, and S/^.Pey?/;*^/*^. At the firft they warrcd both together, but after, when 
 the enemies were in fight dilcomfited, it was agreed, that Mm)l,tu fbould keep Verrf<s,o with 
 3 garifon.and Pofihumitu waft the borders. Where, as he marched fomcwhat negligently with his 
 army out of order, as prefcntly after field won , the jKquians iet upon him , and ha- 
 ving put liim infearchafedhimtotbe hilsnext hand. The fright whereof came homibcnce 
 to the other girrifon i\[o i\. Verruga. PofihtinUtu, after that he had retired his men into fafty I 
 and affembled them together, and there in an Oration greatly blamed and cried out upon their fear 
 and running away : and that they were difcorofitcd by a moft dallardly fugitive enemy ; the whole 
 boll cried out with one voice, that they defervcd to be told of it, and contefTed that they had com: 
 initted afoul tault:but they tbem-elvcs would make amends theretote.-and promifcd that the ene- 
 mies (bould carry it neither to heaven nor bell, nor joy long therewith. Rtquirirg that he would 
 cond«athem prefcntly to the enn ies camp(which infight wi^ pight upon a plainj protefting to 
 refufe no extremity of puniOimentjif they were not matters of it before night. He then commend- 
 ed them, and willed them to refrefh their bodies.and to be ready at the reliefe of the fourth waicb. 
 Now lay the enemies like wile in the paffage, to intercept the Romans , as they f^ed by 
 nighttromthebill,evenintheway which leadeth to r*rr«^», And beforeday they tncoontred 
 together(but you ii.uft think th.' moon fhone all night) and faw bow to fight, as well as by day ^ 
 light. But the noife being heari-ito Verruga j ftrake io great tear amoogft them -thinking the camp 
 of the Romans had been aifailed, that for ail Aemjlim could do to hold them, and to befeech thenl 
 to the contrary, they fled icattered unto Tufculum. From whence the news cameto Reme^ 
 That Pff/^ww/w was fliin, and bis arm" loft. But he riding about the boft (after that in the mor- 
 ning betimes the day light fne wed them f hit followed apace on every fidc,that there was no fear 
 of ambufhments and totlsyirgs^chari^ed them with their piomifcs, and (et them infucha beat. 
 That the iEquians could no longer at)id.- thtir violence. Then flew they the enemies in the chafe 
 every one, and made havockofthem as they fled, more like men that do tbmgs a in fury and rage 
 then by plain valour. And prefently trrm the Tidings homTufculumC which put the city in a vainSC 
 caufclefsfright)tberec«me froai P^i^^xw/w letters, dight with lawrell ; importing news,tbat the L 
 Romans had the viftoryjand the t/£quiansthe overthrow- 
 
 Becaufe as yetthc aftionsand futes iforefaidoftheTribuns of the Commons could come to no 
 
 end .• but the Commoos laboured to continue the Tribuneftiip in them that were the maintaincts 
 
 of the law preferred, and alfofhe Nobles endeavoured to make thofe rulers again that had 
 
 oppofed themfclves againll the fame law. But as the Commons in their own Eleftion prevailed 
 
 and had the better : fo the Nobles were revenged of them agsine for thisgricfe they tooke, 
 
 by an Aft of the Senat, that Confuls (hated Magiftrates of the Commons) fhould be created. 
 
 Thus after fifteen yearcswcre CoTi(Q\%xte\tAQ'i,L.Lucrettu4Flavm^Servitu Sulp:cifaCameri»fu, 
 
 In the beginning of this year,when as the Tribunes of the Commons beftirred thcmfelves ftout- 
 
 ly to go through with their law, for that none of their brotherhood was about to deny and nip the M 
 
 lame : and whiks the Confuls for that very caufcrefiftcd themaseaineftly, and the whole city 
 
 was here-about amufcd : the ^Equians won r»r//<i, a Colony of the Romans, feated within their 
 
 own country. Moft part of the Coloners ( becaule the town being by night betraied and won, 
 
 yeelding unto them free paflagc to efcape a way on the back fide) f5ed fafe to Rome. So that fer^ 
 
 vice befell unto X,L«cr<r«/«* the Conful; Who went with a power and vanquifhed the enemies 
 
 in fight, and with viftoiy returned to Rome to a greater conflifta good deal. AnljtsVtrginitu^in^ 
 
 QuiHtus Pomfomus-, two Tribunes of the Commons the two years pift, were accused : for whofe 
 
 defence it was for the Credit of the Senat, Ihat theNobles (hould agree and ft ickdofe together. 
 
 Tor no man laid to their charge either diftioneft behaviour in life, or corrupt carriage of them- 
 
 lelvesintheircffive,but only this, ttatto pie ale and gratihethe Nobles, they had fet themfelves N 
 
 againft the Tribunes law. Ho wbeit the anger of the Commons went beyond the favour of the 
 
 » ih (h ^efistj^'i'l C'^^' which was a moft OiamefuU precedent) theyi'guiltleffe men) bad fine fet on their 
 
 fterk. "' ' heads of* ten thouftnd pound ot brafTe coin ; Whereat the Nobles took great difpieafmc. Camil- 
 
 camlUus rebu- lus openly bla.T.ed the Concmons for this their wicked part ; who now letting themfelves againft; 
 
 keththeCom- »' their own patrons perccivcd not that by a perveile proceeding in judgement againft their Tri- 
 
 mons. «'bunes, they hid iolt their liberty of oppoling themlclves with their negative voice.- and take 
 
 that away one-, and farewell all authority oftbeTriDunes for ever. Forwhcre as they hoped 
 
 «« that the Nobles would endure the unbridled and licentious liberty of that office, they were much 
 
 "deceived : for if thetebardcourlcs of the Tribunes night not be rtftraincdby help of the lame 
 
 " Tribunes, the Nobility would find fomc other weapon to fight withail. He rebuked the o 
 
 *' Conluls al'b, i-jx thst they fuffered thofe Tribunes to failc of their proieflion and fsfc conduft, 
 
 cam'Uu^hU " who hid done and laid nothing but by the authority and warrant of the S-nsf Whiles open- 
 
 fpeeLhinthc ly be u!ed to make thefe and fuch orations to the people, he thrufthim'clf aaily more and more 
 
 tenac. jno mens anger and difpkalure. But to ftir up the Senat againft the foreia,d law, he ceaf- 
 
 ednot ftill: willing them, that when the day came ot propofingthe law, they fbould come into 
 
 the Comu.on Hall, with no other mind but thiSjto remember they were to fight for god and ccun-
 
 The fifth Boo\ of T. Livius. i6 * 
 
 >k. *ry, for the temples of the gods, and the very foile wherein they were born. And as for bis 
 own felt privatly, if it were lawful for him amidfl tbele civil troubles of bis native country, to 
 " think upon and relpcA his own proper glory, it were right honourable for him, to hive the city 
 "which he had won,pcopled and reforted unto : and daily to behold and enjoy the iremorsble 
 " monument of his own glory .-to fee before his eies the very City, whereoftheconntetfeit was 
 *' born in the pomp of triumph .• and that all men elfc Ojould tread in the fteps of his noble afts. 
 " But he thought it a fhamefull and abominable thing, that a City left and forfiken of the immor- 
 " tall gods, (bould be inhabited ; and that the people of ^<Jw#fhould dwelin captive foil, and to 
 « make this exchange, to leave a naturall country which hath conquered.forit rhst hath beencon- 
 B '* qoered With thefe perfwaficns & exhortations wer e the chief'tulets exciced,the Nobles old and 
 young, came jn multitude?, f when as the law fhculd be propounded) into theHall, And as they 
 were difperfed and lorted into Tribes, every one taking hold cfthofe of his own tribe, be."in to 
 befeech them even with tears, not fo forfake that Country now, in the quarrell whereof they and 
 their fathers had fought molt valiantly and happily : fhewing herewith ever and anon the Capi- 
 toU,the Temple ofr<ry?<i,and other Temples thereabout of the gods ; that they flaould not therefore 
 drive the people of Rome, as exiled and banirhcd out of their native (oil from their own home and 
 houlcgods, into their enemies Ci;y, nor bring the matter thus about, that it hid been better that 
 r>'«hadnot been won,rathcr then Rome fliould be abandcn^-d. Becauie their dealing was nothing 
 but by way of praier and perfwafion, and in their praiers much mentiop. and naming of the gods, 
 Q the mod part of them were touched in confcience .• fo as more Trices nipped that one law forgo- 
 ing forward, than gave their voices to approve it. Which vnflory was fo joyful! to the Nobles, 
 that the morrow after, by thi motion of the CofT.a decree was made, That amongft the Commons 
 fliould be a divifionof (even acresfor a manout of the Vcientian lands : and not for houfeholdets 
 only, but that confideration and reckoning fliculd be had alio in every houlc of ail free torn pec- 
 fons : totheend, thattbey ihould be willing to breed up children to the like procf, andfor the 
 hope of like commodity. When theCommoi:s fay this bountiful! gift and liberality, were well 
 pacified and (tilled, there was no (tir at all to binder the eleftion of the Confuls. So there were 
 created Conluls,£«.r<j/fr/>« Fotttus^inA M.Ma»liut,who iftetwitds wasfurnamed CafitoUnus. 
 Thefe Confutsfet out the great folemn games and plaies, which ^. Furins, the Didator had 
 D vowed in the Veientian war. In the lame year the Temple of J^ks ^f^r»4 vowed by the fame 
 Diftator and in the fame war^ was dedicated. And it is repctted,tbat the dedication thereof was 
 celebrated with exceeding great retort and forward endeavour of the dames of /5o»;i?. War there 
 wasfbut not greatly to be fpoken of) uilgidum with the jEquians, for that the enemies were in 
 amanerdilcomfitedbeforethattheyjoyned battel. Valerituhta^iie he followed ftill and killed 
 the enenies in chafe, was allowed by decree to triumph at full .• and Mmliwy that he fl:iould enter 
 into (he city only Ovant, in petty triumph.Thefameyear arofe anew v;ar with the Volfcianss a- 
 gainO: whom by reafon of a famine and peftilence that grew about -^(?ywf upon exceeding drought 
 and heat, an army could not be led forth. For which caufe the VoKcinians puffed up with pride, 
 joyning unto them the Salpenates, invaded firfl: the country about Rome. Whereupon war was 
 £ proclamea againft both tiauons^Cjulini the Cenfor departed this life. In who.''e room M.Comeli, 
 tu was fubftitutcd. Which after bredfome fcriiple of Religion, for that Rome in that five years 
 (pace was taken. So (hat never after that is there any Cenfor chofen into the place of the deceafedJ 
 And the Confuls alfo being fick and thereby ditabled to govcrn,it was thought good to take new 
 counfell & advice ofaufpices or tokens of birds,by an Interreign.When as thetfore by an aft of the 
 Senst, the Confuls had refigned their office, M.Furtui Camillus was created Interrcent. Who 
 named after him P. Cornelius Sci^io : and he afterwards Lu. Vderim Potitus to be Interrex. By 
 whom were made (ix Tribunes Military with Confuls authority .• that in cafe any of them fhould 
 befickandcrafie, yet the Common- wealth (honld have governours enough. The firll day of Jw. 
 Ij entred they into their office .• namely, L. Lucrettus, Serv:ni Sulpitins, M. Aem^lim, Lu.Furi' 
 ^ tis MeduUims the fcventb time, Jgrippa Furiusf.Atmylnis the (econd time.Of thefe L.Lucre- 
 tiui and (^.Aemjli'is had in commiflion to go againft the Volfcians : but A^nppa Furius, ^nd Ser- 
 «/»/ JwV/'ffi^j againft the Sslpinatcs. And ftrlt were the Volfcians fought withall. A great war 
 in refpeft of the number of enemies ; but for the conflidl and battelljnothing fierce and fbaro. For 
 their army at the firll encounter was put to flight, and eigh: thoufand fouldiers were by the Ro- 
 man horl'emen cnvironed.whercupon they threw tbcir weapons away and y eelded. The tidings 
 of this warcauied the Salpenates not to adventure upon fight .-but they ktpt themfelves armed 
 within the wals, and tlood upon theirgaurd. The Romans then allabroaddravebootiesboth 
 ontoftbe Salpinats Country, and the Vol(cians,and no man witbftood their violence; folono un- 
 til! the Volfcians wearied with war,and truce granted unto them for twenty years,upon this con- 
 G dition,to make teltituiion again tothe Romans oftheirgoods^and to pay the fouldiers for that year 
 their wages. 
 
 The larj' e year one M.Caditius a commoner.gave notice to the Tribunes that in the newCau- 
 fcy.where now t here ftandethaChappcl above the TeiTipleoirif/?<i,thcrc was intheftiltimeof the 
 right a voice heardjiouder than any mans, willing that the governoars might have intel!!gence,that 
 the Gauls vvetccoming,ThiS;by reafon of thebaleneffeof the author ('as commonly it is leen) was 
 not credited •• bcfidcs, they were a nation tar remote, and therefore lc(s known and of fmall ac- 
 compt.Tbus were not only the advettilements of the gods defpifedjwhen as^their fatal time of dc- 
 
 Ilruflion
 
 1(5^ J he fifth Bool\ofT. Livius. 
 
 {truftion was toward: but alfo the help of man (which refted only in Ftsrim CamiHttj) iheytid j^ 
 out of the City. Who being arefted to appear at a day by L.y^puLiua Tribune of the Ccmn. ons, 
 and to make anfwer for the faccage of r««', and having buried about the lame time his Ion, a to* 
 wardly young Gentleman, fent for home to his houfe, thole of his owntribchis skinfolk and fol - 
 lower?, whcrof a great part were of the Commons.And when he had founded their minds.and re- 
 ceived this aniwer from them, That they would defray and lay down lo much, as he Ihould be 
 condemned in : but as to acquit him, that they could not poflibly . Hereupon he departed in cx- 
 M.furiHi Ci. iie; praying fo the immorfall gods, that as hc wss guiUlcfle and wrongfuUy dealt withall, iothey 
 wi//«jgoeth Y^fouid wirballlpeed.csulethatunthankfulCity to (land in need.and to have a miflc of him. In his 
 into the exile, gj^fg^j.^. condeainedhe was in* fifteen thoufand pounds of brafle coine. When this citizen was I 
 ^lalibjG} thusexpulfcd, whoithehadtarticdttil, (To far as we may make reckoning of any earthly fecuri- 
 <d fieri ' ty)Rme could never have been won:bchold,embaffadors came come fro.n the Clufines, requeR- 
 ing aid agaioU the Gaulcs 
 
 This nation (as it is reported) allured with the fweetneffe of corn and wine efpcci*l!y (dain- 
 ty chaffer and a new delight in thole daies^ paffed over the ^Ips, and poffeiTed thole countries 
 which had been aforetime by the Tufcans inhabited. The voice goeth, that there was one y4r*»/ 
 a Clufine, who had L^rouy;ht wint: uito Gaul, to entife that people withall, upon an anger and dii- 
 pleafuvethat his wi^e had been defloured by one L»c«wi»f whole guardian ^r«»/ bimlclfe had 
 been^ayounggel.tlemanof great might and power, and whom -^r«w/ could not chaftile and bri- 
 dle, without alTiltance of torrein forces : This man was the Gauis guide in palfing over the /4/pt, k 
 and the principal inftrument to letthemaworkfor toaffauU ^/*7?«w. I would not lor my part 
 deny, but that the French were brought to C/«y7«w by v^r«»» or Tome other Clufine .• but molt 
 certain it is, that they who affaulted Clujium, were not the firit that pafTcd the ^/pj.Vot the Gauls 
 two hundred years betore they aflaulted Clufium and won the City ot Aowf.camc over into Italj. 
 Neither fought the Gauls fitft with this nation of the Tui'cans^but long alore, and that oftcntimcsj 
 with thofe that dwellbetwecn Apevninut and the Alps, For, the Tuicans had all foveraign com- 
 mand, both by land and fea, before the Roman Empire was erefted.^The names of upper and ne^. 
 ther fea, wherewith Italy is compaflcd about, as it were an Iflandjmay be a futficient prool.how 
 great and puiffantthey were: feeing, that the one is by the generali name pf the Nation, called of 
 Italians.the Tulcan fea-.Sc the other the Adriatick.of a town of colony or the Tufcans ctWid Adritt. L 
 . TbeGrecliSdocallthe ielffameleasthat(4)7;rrj&f»«andtheAdriatickefeas. TbeleTufcansben- 
 //^""diAiflr""*^ ding to both (eas, inhabited thole countries, confiding of twelve Cities : having fent before on 
 feUit: this fide Apenmnt, toward the nether lea, and afterwards beyond the (^ Aperntine, as many Colo- 
 
 bHonte Fifcel' nies in numocr according to the Princes at the firft beginning>and held in pofleflion all thofe parts 
 lo. beyond ihsPo unto tQe/*/;^,except that Angle only oftheVenecians,that are feated about the gulf 
 
 of the Adriaticklea.And douotleffe,the Nations about the ^Ips, efpeciaily the Rhetian-, had'thcir 
 beginning thus; whom the very country it felf made favage^fo they as retained nqttiing of olcl,but 
 the found of their language, and tue lame broken and fomewhat corrupted. Now for the coming 
 of the Gaus over into /r<i/;, thu5 much we have learned. lathe daics of Prifcas Tar^uinius 
 Kingot'i?<?OTf,thc(c)Cff//f^ which ate athird part ofthe GaulF,were under the rule oi\hii{d)BttHri- j^{ 
 tUngutdoc ges\y\ioc\ia[t a King over theCeites, named-^OT^/j^rw^agreatpotentat and mighty, both in re- 
 vlulXvT g»rd of valour and vcrtue, and alio of hiS o wn privat wealth and publick weal : for that under his 
 dBwyatthis regiment, Gaul was lb fertile of corn, and grew fopopulous, thst the exceeding number of the 
 di^' people could not well be governed. This man beingof great age, anddefircus now to dilbur- 
 
 then his Realm of that peftering multitude, declared that he would fend Bellovefassnii Sigovcjus 
 his fillets tons (two forward you ig men^ to leek adventure:, into what lands foever the gods and 
 goddeffes lliould by their token dircd them : giving them commiHion togSihc' what number of 
 men they would, to the end that no nation might withSand their coming. So it fell to Sigot 
 v«r/e/ lot, for to enter the forrelf and woodland country of i?^rr;»/,s. £«//flw/«x his fortune was 
 a good deal bettcr.to take his w jy(by the gods guidance) unto I(aIj : and he leivied of the Bitn- ^ 
 fSms"^"^' riges.(e) Avern.(f) SeM»es{g)Hee!iiii(h) Am^arri (i) Car/iuteund {!{) AuUrci, thole that 
 g Bugognions. might be (pared out ol toofe Ccucirnes ; and letting forward with a mighty power of footme n & 
 h chamlois. horftuen, came unto the (/) Tncafhdes.tiovi Hood the AlpsfaW againft them in their way, which I 
 ich*rtmor p,,rvcl not were thought & i.ifuperabieimpallable,as having not as yet any way made over them, 
 f EwrMM*. (fo far as any conitant record maktth date j unlefle we lift to belecve the talcs of Hercules. Now 
 / Enimafteaux when as the Gauls there, were hemmed in as it were on every fide with thofe high montains, and 
 that they looked eve-^y wayaboutthem how they mightget over tbo'e high hils reaching up to the 
 heavens, and lb prfl- Cas one would lay) into an other world ; they were Itaied there and went 
 no further, upon icruple ol coolci'^nce, lor that it was reported, that certain ftrangers leeking land 
 to iijba )ite, were by the people of (i») Sallies fet upon and allailed. 1 hele flrai.geti were the (»J - 
 Tot mrfeillis AUjfiliMSy who lailcd from Phocis, This the Gauls luppoiing to be a fortunate prpiage of their luc- 
 ceflc helped them forward, and took part with them : loas what place fidl they gat alter they 
 werelinded,they fotiirted within the wideotbroid lorrefts.Thcythcmlelvespalfed ttirou^r: the 
 p- ,. Country ol(<»)7'<s«r«««,an-l over the ftraightsot thi Alps,ci\\cd{v)'Ul'a .• and having vanquilhed 
 p uiun. ' thi Tu;cans in figtit nor far from the ilvcr (^)Ttci»HS, hearing f hac the Country when . thcv abode 
 qTeclno. andietled, was called InfuhrtHm falter the name of a territory and fhireof the Hcdiians J i hey fol- 
 
 lowing snd imbiacifig the lucky name of that place, fo conformable to tue other of their own, 
 
 buildcd
 
 The fifth Boo\ of T. Livius. i^j 
 
 Abuildeda City and called it (j) MedioUmm. Afterwards another power of Germans with i-M.Uaine. 
 tbeir captain ElttoviMt following (the fteps of the former Gauls, by the fame ftreights 
 (with good leave and favour of BeHovefus) paffed ovstthe^/pt, and remained tbere ; ai.d ^g,fn;^ 
 where now (t) Brixia xv\6(t)Ferona two towns flind (thcC») Libtti than inhabited thofe parts) j verona. 
 made their abode. Afttrthelejthe^rt/wz"/ palTedover.vvhoexpellcdalltheLigurisns that dwelt « Abouti* - 
 on this fide the river T«<r/««i,but only the Levi, an ancient nation. After them the (x) Boh and (>) ^'V'-"- . 
 Lirtgor.es paffed over the hillC^) Pennmui, diipoffcfled the Tuscans & the Umbrians of their ter- ''f,;'^^,"""" 
 ritorie,yetrotstbcy kept them within Jpptr.m»M. Thta the 5f»o>wj which were the lad co;ii- \s.Biin:irdi 
 mersot thefe ftrangcrs, inhabited the country from the x'wct (a) Vf ens \into{b) Athefis. This aAufemo 
 t nation I find to have come to {c)Clu[snm, and afterwards froai thence to Romt ; marry it is not b iM-cc. 
 ccrtaine whether this nation alone came,or thit they were aided by all the Gauls, that dwelt oa '^'""f'' 
 this fide the Aips. 
 
 The Clafines terrified with this new War, advifing well both their number and the cnaccuflom- 
 ed looks and vil'ages of the mefi^ which they had not feenafore.and the flrange aruiouf vvitball; Sc 
 hearingLeridcsthat the legion of the Tullcans both on this fide the Poandbeyond,hadbee.n often- 
 titntsby themdilcomfited: Albeit in the Romans jthey had no intetell at all in regird cf any 
 league or amity, only this, that they had not maintained their kinsfok the Veicntes againft the 
 Romans.fent their EmbalTadors to R«me,to crave aid of the Senat. Aid they obtained none .• Em- 
 bafladors there were (ent three, the Tonnes o^M.FabtHs Ambttjlut, who in the name of the Senat 
 and peopleof^ew^niould treat with the Gauls and perf wade with them, not to fet upon thecon- 
 «' ^ederats and triends of the people 6i Rome namely ,toCh as at whofe hands they bad received no 
 wrong Maying moreover, thatitthey would put the Roman? to it. The Romans wereto defend 
 "Gauls by war, ho wbeit they thought1tbettcr,if it might be, to have no wars at all: but that the 
 ■•' them a new-come nation fbouid grow into'knowledgc and accquaintance.rather by peacethah 
 «' by war.Theembaffagc was mild and midell enough, but the Embafladors themfelvcs wereovet 
 •' fierce Si hafty.and morelike Gauls than Romans;Who having done their mefsage in the alsem- xheap.rwer of 
 bly ohhc Gaols, were thus again anf wcrcd. '• Although the name of the Romans was but ot late iheGaulsco ihe 
 ''beard of, yet they, yet they were perfwaded that they were hardy men, at whofe hands the Embifiadors 
 Clufines in tbeir fear, (ongbt and requetted f uccour. A rid whereas they choole rather to defend °^ ^''"'^• 
 n their allies by way of emba(sage,than by open war.thcylikewile neither difdained nor refuf'd peace 
 *« which they offered .• If the Clufines would grant the Gauls (which wanted ground to inhabit; 
 « a part of their marches, whereof they held in polseffion a ore than they did well people and ac- 
 .( cupy : Othetwile, no peace would be had. And hereof would they have an anfwcr whiles the 
 «• Romans were in place : and if they were denied ground, they would aSfo fight even before the 
 " Romans face, that they might make report at home, how much the Gauls went beyond other 
 «« men in valour &chivalry. And when as the Romans dernanded again what tight they had to re- 
 quire ground of the owners or to threaten war ? For what intetreit or title had the Gauls in tuf- 
 can y ? They again (loutly made anl wer; that they carried their right in their fwords point,and that 
 valiant men were Lords of all the vvotld. So they were on botbfideslofct on nre,that they ran to 
 ■fe their weapons & skirmilh'd with the Tulcans.Thcn againil all law of nations(a thing that haftnei 
 the deftrudionot the Roman City jthe Embafsadours took arms. Neither could this be fb fecret 
 but it was knovvnj For even before the enfignes of the Tulcans,there were feen three moft noble 
 5£ valiant knightsof the Romans for to figbt.-fo far exceeded the valour of thofe ftrangerj above allf 
 the Clufines. Moreover and befides, QmintHs Fabitu riding out of the ba^ tell on horfeback charged 
 his lance upon the captain of the Gauls.as he fiercely afsailed the enfignes and battel of the Tufcans, 
 ran him through and flue him : and as ha rifled and difarmed him, the: Gauls took knowledge of 
 kim.and throughout the whole hoft notice was given,that it was an Embafsadour of the Romans, 
 So,lcaving their quar'rell aganft the Clufines, they founded the retreat.and threatncd the Romans. 
 There were of theai, that thought good prefently to advance forward to Rome : but the elder fort 
 prcvailedjthat there (hould be lent Embaisadors firft to complain of the injuries, and to require 
 ^ that for the law of arms broken,the fabii fliculd beyeelded unto them. When as theGaul Embaisa- 
 dours had declared their mclsage according to their commiflion,the Senat nothinglikcd ofthe Fa- 
 ^«4*^ deed, and thought the barbarous Gauls required nothing but /art and reafon.Howbeit fuit of 
 friends and privat relpefls.wouldnot permit to make an aft of that,in perfonagcsof lb great mark 
 and nobiUt>» which they deemed meet and requilit. Therefore to the end it might not be im- 
 puted to them & they blamcd,ifperadvcnfure any toil oroverthrow fhouldhap unto them.by wai= 
 ring with the Gauls .• they rcferted the hearing and difcudlng of the Gauls deaiands unto the peo- 
 ple. Where might and favour fo much prevailed, that even they who were in quellion to fae puni» 
 (bed, were created tor theyear following Tribunes Military in Confuls authority. At vvhich the 
 G Gauls being offended fas good caufethey bad) with open threats and menaces ot war returned a- 
 gain totheircompany. There were with the three Fa(>ii(P.Stslpttifu,Lo!igus, (Juintm Scrviitus^ 
 the fourth time, indP.Serviltm Mulugtnenfis. When asnow lb great danger was towards and 
 necr »t.hand( lee how fo; tune bhndcd mens eies.when as Hie will have her (way and not be hind- 
 red)that City which againlt the Fidenat & Veicnt enemy S: other nations bordering thetby.tned 
 theutmoii help, and oftentimes made a Di(fJator.-now beingthreatncd with aUrange enemy 
 never oeard of before, coming to war upon them from theOcean lea, & the fartheft parts of ithe 
 WorldJoDght neither for governor nor help more then ordinary. Even tho(e Tribuns by whofe raih 
 
 deal-
 
 i58 The fifth BooXpfT^ Livius. 
 
 dealing that war was fitft csufed, bad the managing of all :and made romorecboife,nor muftrirg ^ 
 of louldiers than Dfually had been in common wars: making but a light matter ct it and cf no con- 
 fequencc, & letting little by.and elevating the rumour of the war.Tht Gauls in the mean time( ha- 
 ving heardjbow on let purpofe there breakers of human law were foon advanced to honour, & bow 
 their embaffage was deluded and dallied with, all on fire, as they are a nation that way impatient 
 and in anger outrigious) pluckt up their ftandards forthwith and marched with all expedition on 
 their voiage. At whole nolle and burliburly (asthcy paffcd by in loch haft) when as the towns 
 thereby were put in rear,3nd ran to their weapons, and the country peafants fled away .-they with 
 open mouth gave out and fignitied, that they went to Komt. All the way as they jornnied, what 
 with horle and men,both in length and breadth, they took up a mighty room in their march. But t 
 
 what with the fame that went befbre,and the meffengers of the Clufines and ofother people that ■ 
 followed one at the heels of another, thisfpeedy comiogof the enemies brought right great lest 
 and terrour to Romt.Y-ot notwithflanding.that they went with a power of men m all halt <uddea- 
 ly muft.ered,hsrdly met they them at eleven miles end5wbere as the river ^///4 running down from 
 the bils oiCrfffiumimm, with a very deep cbannell(not much beneath the highway) dilchargcth 
 it felf into the Tyber. And now by this time the whole country before them, and all the coalts a- 
 bout wereoverlprcad with the enemies.AndCas they areanationnaturally given to vain tumults 
 and therein born and bred; with an hideous and diffonant kind of (inging(like a black Santus)they 
 filled alto about with a fearfuU and horrible noi'e. There the Tribunes Military without getting 
 atorehand a convenient place to pitch their tents in, without fortifying the fame with any trench j^ 
 or rampiers, whereunto they might fafely betake tbemfelves, even without any regard ol God, ^ 
 whom at leaft wife they fhould have been mindfull pi, if they had forgotten man, without Anfpi- 
 ces and bird-tokens, without reconciliation to God by iacrifice,full unhappily and in ao ill hour, 
 ranged their battels divided into wings,for fear of being cpmpafl'd' with multitude ofcnemics.Yet 
 might not the vanguard anfwer the breadth of the enemicS,not withftanding they made their ranks 
 and files fo thin, that the middle ward of the battell was wcak,& i^ui joyning dole together. On 
 the right band there was a little higher ground, wheie they thought to beftow menfer fupply, 
 which as it gave the firftoccafionof fearand runningaway, fo wasittheonly lafety of thsoi 
 that fled. Tot BrenHus the Duke or Prince, of the Gauls, fearing exceedingly in that (mall number 
 of the Romans, lome ftratsgcm, and lupppfing that the tigber ground was for this puipolc kept, l 
 That when the Gauls lliould have encouDtrcd wiih the forefront of the legions,thcn the refcues 7 
 would charge them both upon their backs and their flanksjdifplaicd and advanced his ftandards a- 
 gainft thole in relcue : nothing doubting bur if he had otide driven them from their hold upon 
 
 higher ground, on the plain he Ibould foon have the viftory, confidering that in number be over- 
 went them. See how the Barbarianshad not only luck, but policy alio on their fides /Con- 
 trstiwile, the Romans in their camp were nothing like thcmfelv es,eithct f or captains or fouldiers. 
 Their minds were fo polTefled with fear and thinking of running away, aiid lo forgetfuUbefides, 
 that the greater part ol them chufe rather toflie to reti, (their, enemiei City) although the Tjhr 
 were lull in their way, then to take the ftrfeight courlc to Rome, to their wives and children. For 
 a while, the advantage of the ground defended thofe that were for rcfcue .• but in the reft of the w 
 hoff , lo loon as they that were next, hoard the Ihout from the fides.apd thofe that were farthcft off 
 frombchind, before any ftrokc flrucken, and before they were once touched, they fled from thcic 
 unknown enemie, in a manner before they faw him. And fo far off they were from trying fight, 
 that they anfwered th^rtinot fomuch as withacounterfhoutagain.So as there were not anyflain 
 in fight. But they were killed behind at their backs, even by occal'ion of their own (elves, who 
 with their hurrying hindred one another intheir flight. About the bank of T^^^r, whereuuio the ■ 
 whole left wing was fled down, and had flung away their weapons, there was a great flaughtcr; 
 For many of them that could not Iwim, and were weak by reafon of their weighty corfelets ancf 
 other harneffe, were drowned and fwallowed up oi the (urging whirlpools. Howbeit, the mofl: 
 part eTcaped :af e f o f^eti. From whence they came to Rome,not only no fuccour to guard the City, jq 
 but not fo much as a mefienger to bring news of this their overthrow. But from the right wing f 
 which kept farther from the river,and the more under the hill,they all went to Rome, And finding 
 not lo much asthe gates of the City Ihut.they all fled into the Caftle. The very Gauls tbemfelves 
 aftonicd at lo wonderfuU and (udden vii^ory, flood ftiU at the firli in a great amaze, as who kneV7 
 not whit bad bapntj, and wift not what to make of it. Afterwards they feared forae ambufh,and 
 at length fell to gathering the I'poils oFthem that were flain, and to lay all their armor and harnefTc 
 upon heaps, as iheir maner i^. At laft, leeing no entmy nor fKew of boftility, ihey put tbemfelves 
 in their journy forward, a little before funfetting, and mirched to the City of Rome. Where.upon 
 word brought by the foreriders,that tbegates were not Qiut, nor any ward kept afore the gates,noc 
 armed men upon the w»ls, they flood in the like amaze as before, upon loftrange and wondrous ^ 
 a thing. Butteaiingthenight and thcfituationof aCity unknown,tbeyfet them down.and relkd 
 between Rome ini ^»f0, having fent their efpials and Icouts about the wals and gates, toun- 
 detftand what their enemiesmeam to doe inlodelperata (tate. The Romans, tor that a 
 greater part had taken their way to reti, then to Rome, and weening that there was none left a- 
 live, but thoie that were fled back to i2cwfj bewailing and bidding adue,both to thofe that wcra 
 deand thofe alive, fet the whole City almolt a weeping and lamenting.But afterwards the pub- 
 lick fear altooied them, and took all fenl'e away of their ptivac iorrows, when they beard 
 
 ©nee'
 
 The Fifth Boo\of T. Livius. i6^ 
 
 A once that theenemies were come. And within a \vhile,as thefe barbarous people coafted and ran- 
 ged about the wails by troups,ttiey might hear their yelling, their houting,and un.ouch^confufed 
 hideous cries.So were they held all ttie time in Tulpence ot mind, untili the fecond day after-- one 
 while thinking, thatatcheirfirl+coming they would have liirpriled the City, for uniefs they had 
 ibmeantjthey would have tarried ;;theythought)at yi:ii.i[\i\i::\^-\n,i little before run-lettino(be- 
 caufe the day wai weli-nighdone)they iuppoled they would enter upon them before n'g,ht. But 
 anon theyteared that they deferred this enterprife unuli night was come, to the end they micht 
 ftrike a greater fear Sctcrror amongit them.And laft of all the day lighc approa- hing,allonied them 
 clean:fo as they were in a continual agony.even until the mifchiefcame indeed whi.hthey Co long 
 
 gdoubted & that now the bioudy banners ot their enemies were difplaied before their gues.How- 
 beit neither that night nor the day following, wastheCity in thehkefear, as when they fled fo 
 fearuilly at * Jllia.¥or beingpatt hope that the City could be defended with fo fmall power as re- cominatevel 
 mained, they determined that with their wives Si children,all their ferviceableyouth.tuvh as were '^""'f •^iojf"' 
 meet to bear arms, yea,ar)d the more able men,and ifrength of the Senat fliould retire themlehes 'f*''-'""* 
 into the CaiUe & Capitol: and after they had thither brought their armor and corn >from thence 
 as from a defenhble place to prote6l their gods,their men and the Roman name:to lave from fire 
 andfword(fofaras they could)che Flaminof J.'/p/ffr.^the velfal Nuns,and lacred images.and holy 
 reliques of the Cityrand not to abandon the worlliiplndduelolemnity unto them ,10 long as any 
 were left alive,to do them honour and worfhip.For thus they conceived, That if the Callle & Ca- 
 
 Cpicol,beingihefeat of their gods,iftheSenat,whichisthehe3d&chiet of their publike counfel, 
 if the hardy and fighting yong men remained after chat imminent ruin and fall of theCity,the lefs 
 would be the lofs of the aged tolk.,a number, {'God wot) left behind cf purpofe in the City, no o- 
 therwifelike but to perilli. And to the end that the multitude of the common fort mighobear 
 this more patiently,the elders that had triumphed aforetime, and been Confuls^ openly gave out 
 and faid,Tbat they would live and dietogether with them.Neither would they with thofe bodies 
 of theirs which were unmeet to bear armour, and to defend the City, fnr.harge and pelf er the 
 company of able and armed men,in this their penury & want of viduals. Thefe and fuch like were 
 theconfolations and comforts ofthe ancients among themfelves now reiolutetoend their lives. 
 After which,they turned their exhortations to the companies of the young and luft y men , whom 
 
 Tj they followed into theCalHeand Capitol, recommending unto their manhood and to their 
 youthful courage, all the eftate remaining of that City;vvhich for the fpace of threehundred and 
 threefcore years, had in all their wars been viftorious, and gotten great conquells. Now when 
 they, in whom refted all hope and help were departed,and had taken their leave of them.that re- 
 folved fiiily not to furvive the winning and delkutftion of their City : as the very thing in it felf, 
 and the light thereof was a lamentable and woful fpeilacleunto them,fo the pitious weeping of 
 women, and their uncertain running up and down, following now after one;and now alter ano- 
 ther:and asking their husbands and childrenjto what end.to what fataldeRiny they betook them, 
 was as dolorous a pageant, as could happen to any earthly creature. Neverthelefs a greatfortof 
 them accompanied their friends into the Callle and no man either bad or forbad them. Foral- 
 
 £ though it was good and commodious for the befieged, namely5to diminifli the number,and dif- 
 charge themfelves ofthe feeble mtilctude, yet it leemed unto them an inhuman and unkind parr. 
 The red ofthe common people efpecially, whom fo fmall an hill was not able to receive,and could 
 not poflibly be kept in fo great f:arcity of corn & vid'luals,departed by heaps out ofthe City : and 
 marching as it were in one company together in a row took their way to Janic^lam.Vtcm thencs 
 they dii ided themfelves fundry waies.Some flipt into the fields and countryfome to the next Ci- 
 ties there bordering without any Captain, without any common confent:every one following his 
 own hope, his own head and wit now that all publike counfel wasindefpair,andpa(l remedy. In 
 thismean while, the¥hm\no(Q^tiyi»»s, and the religiousVedal virgins leaving the regard of 
 their own private affairs,confult£d with themfelves what facred Images to carry with them, and 
 
 F (feeing their ftrength would not ferve to rid away and fave allj what to leave behind them and 
 what place was meecelt to belfow and lay them up moll fafely.They agreed at length and thought 
 it be(l,to put them in fmall barrels or rundlets-&: within the groundtobury themina htt.echap- 
 pell,fl2nding next to the Flamins houfc : which place for very devotion unto this davjmay not for 
 any thing be fpit upon. All the relt they parted amongrt themfelves. And every one carrying her 
 own burden,took the way,which over the wooden bridge leideth to Ja.nct-Ji^..-/,, Upon the afcenr 
 or rife of that hill, when L.^/^i»/«^ ( a Commoner of /Jo/wc ) fiw themgoing as he among other 
 company(which unmeet for W3r,deparced out of the City) carried his wifeSc children in a wain: 
 he making even then in that hard calamity, a difference yet between divine and humane things, 
 and thinking it an impious part,and void of all religion, that the publike Prielts with the facred 
 
 G Images of the people of i?«??e fhouldgo on foot, while? he and his were feen riding at eafein a 
 wagon caufed his wife and children to alight and come forth, and let the Nuns with their holy 
 Images in their room, andbroughtthem to Cd:^f,to which place they minded to go. All things 
 now being 'ct at /?^wf fasinfuch a time could be ) in order fufficiently, for the defence ot theCa- 
 flle ; thengedperfon'i abovefaid being returned to their houfes, waited for the comming of the 
 enemywich hearts prepared and refolved to die. Such ot them as had born offices of thechair, 
 to the intent) that they might end their dales in the ornaments S«: robes of their former efl ate and 
 
 Q^ honour,
 
 7 be fifth Bool\^of T. Livius, 
 
 l!oncnr,and acco:din° to iheir vertne and delerts: in their moll ftacely garments and habiliments, n 
 wliich t'l.ey wear when they carried their lacred chariots upon teftivaldaies,or wherein they rode 
 in triumph.now lac upon their ivory chairs in the very midtt and entry of their houfes. There be 
 ihit \vrite> how ihey willincly devoted and bequeathed themfelves to die for their Country and 
 Citizens of Rome : and that^^/. F.;^.'/« the High Prieft read and pronounced unco them a certain 
 hymn and prelcript form of prayer^co that purpofe. The Gauls,both for that now they had relkd 
 from fi'^ht a whole night and lo'their choler was fomewhatcooled,and alfo becaul'e they had not 
 in any p.a.e foi^ght a'^bloiidy and dangerous batteli with them, nor even at that time won the 
 C;tv by any f.flanlt or for.c.cntred the morrow alter into the City, without anger and heat of iu- 
 rioiV- ra"e by ihe gate Co///;?^,Oanding wide open, and fo pafled forward to the common place of j 
 alfemblies-cai; ing their eyes about them towards the Temples of the gods,and to the caftle,which 
 only preferred lome lliew of war. And chere leaving a fufficient guard, left haply from the Caftle 
 snd Capitol they fliouldbe violently aflaulted, after they were oncealunder parted, they fell to 
 lanfack and rifle': and meeting none at all in the void ftreets, fome rufn by heaps into the houfes 
 next hand^cthers go co thofethat were furtheft off,fuppohng them at lealiwife to be untouched, 
 full of riches,ai.d fit for to fill their hands. From thence again(as frighted by reafon of fuch delb- 
 lation.and fearing left haply any fraud ofthe enemy might entrap them as they wandredonetrom 
 r.nother)they returned round in a ring together,inco the market pl3ce,and the places near therto. 
 Where, when thty fa w the Commoners houfes faft fhutto &: locked,and contrariwife the ftate- 
 iy palaces ofthe Noblemen and chief Senators ftanding wide opeD,they were at a ftandjand doub- K 
 ted more in a manner to enter upon the open places than the {but. And they beheld as it were 
 Vv'ich capping and crouching after a reverend manner,certain ancient perfonages htting in the por- 
 ches and entries of their houres,whobefides their ornaments and apparel, above the ordinary e- 
 Oaceofmen, for acertainmajefty which they carried in their countenance and gravity of vifage, 
 refembled the gods. And when as they turned to them-Si ftood looking upon them,as if they had 
 heen Idols andfacred Images, Jl-f. Papyri fu, out o{ihcm, when a Gaul began to ftroke his beard 
 (which then thcvufcd allto wearlong) with his ivory ftatfe (as they fay) gave him arap on the 
 p.ue,and mov cd his pat ience.Whereupon he was the hrft that was murdered.and l"o the reft were 
 all killed as they fat in their chairs of ftate. After this maffacre of thefe honourable perfonages of 
 the NobiiitVj they fell upon all the reft, and fpared no creature : they ranfacked their houfes, and L 
 when they were empty jfet fire on them. But whether it were that they were not all ofthem de- 
 firous to defiroy theC'ity utterly, or that it was the mind of the Leaders and chief of the Gauls, 
 that for a terroiir ihere ftiould be feen fome Icarefires ( it haply for the love of their houfes, they 
 that were befies;ed, might be induced to yield themfelves: ) orthat all their houfes werenoc 
 burned at on;c^ co rheend that the remainder of the City might be as a pawn and pledge to mol- 
 lifie their enemies, and make theirhearts to relent ; howfoever, I fay it was, the fire for the 
 firft day ( as ufual'v in Cities forced and won ) fprcad not all abroad every where, to make a ge- 
 neral! havo.k. The Romans from the Caftle, feeing the City full of enemies, and in every ftreet 
 running up And down, and in all places frefli calamities and mileriesone in the neck of another, 
 were not able to conceive the fame in mind and fpiric, no, nor fo much as to have the right ule M 
 of cheircar: and eyes. For to what placelbever theflioucs and noife ol the enemies, the how- 
 ling and wailing olwom^n and children; thenoifeof fire, and the ratling and cracking down- 
 fals of houfes turned chem afidein exceedingfear, thither they bent their minds, their faces, 
 and eyes,as men by fortune let up aio.'c, as upon a ftage or fcaffold, to behold the fall and ruin 
 of their Country : referved to lave nothing of ail their wealth and fubflance, but only their 
 own bodies : by thus m.nch, more miferable and pitiful! above all others that ever were befieged, 
 in thatbeing (hutont from their nriti'.e Country and City, they were befieged and beheld it, and 
 all that chcy had, in the enemies h.md--. Neither as ill as the day was fpent.followed there a better 
 nip.ht.Yea &when after this troublefome night thelike morrow was come, there was no cime but 
 miniRred ftill fome heavy obje.'-f : and one fpedlacle or other of new and frefh calamities. And jq 
 albeit they were loaden and over whelmed with fo many miferies, yet they nothing at all let fall 
 or ab:ted their courages but refolved (liil, notwithftanding they f.iw all fired. all ruinate and laid 
 even with the ground, manfully co defend that poornaked little hill which they held, and was 
 their only hope left them to recover their freedom. And now feeing the fame defolations daily 
 happen they were fo inured to mifery,that paft all fenfe and feeling of their own ftate and private 
 fortune, they regarded nothirg but their armour on their backs ard fwords in their hands,as the 
 onlv remnants and reliquesol their hope. The Gauls likevvife tor certain dales, had made war 
 with thcpoor houfes only of the City, and all to no purpofe : and when they perceived in all this 
 burning and ruins of the City,fo cono,uered,nothing now left but armed enemies,who were not, 
 for all fo many cairimltics, one jot cernfied, nor their minds once endined to yeeld without fur- q 
 therforceand violenc were ufed i they detcrminetotrytheutmoft, and to mnke an affault up- 
 on rhefortrefs. So on the morrow morning very early at found of trumpet, all the whole multi- 
 tude of them. :irranged themfelves in theiriirketp'ace. From whence wich an out-cry and fhont, 
 under .1 'en -e of c.irgets over their heads, they approach the Caftle. Againftwhom theRomans 
 bch.wed thfm'ebes, neither unadvifediy, nor ie:.ru!ly, ftrengrhoing their wards and quarters, 
 with a good Corpi ^f^/.'^r^againftall Advenues : and whereas they faw the banners difplayed, 
 
 that
 
 The Fifth Boo\ofT,Li\'ms. lyi 
 
 A that way they oppofed their flrongeft guards: and fuffered the enemies to climb up the hill, fijp- 
 pofingthat the higher they weregotiip,fo much the eafiiierthey might be beaten down. And be- 
 ing come up to the midlt of the ciifFjtheretheyltaied: and then.e from the higher groundjwhich 
 of it feifin manner bare out againH the enemy, with all their force cney charged upon the Gauls, 
 overturned them-,and lent themdown headlong: foas never after that,e'the"r any partofthcm,or 
 all together would attempt.that kind of fervice. Being therefore palt hope to get up by force and 
 arms they make preparation for long fiege: w hereof untill that time they had no mind: both for 
 that the corn which was within they had confumed in burning oftheCuy^and in the mean (pace, 
 that which was in the country about, was carried and brought to r^». Whereupon they divided 
 B their Army, purpohng with one part thereof, totorrage and drive booties all about the nations 
 thereby adjoyning,and with the other to invefl the Caftle : to the end, that the forragers abroad 
 might bring in corn to ferve them that lay at the fiege. Now as thofe Gauls departed from the 
 City, it was their hap and fortune to come to Jrdea ( where Crr««7/;« abode in exile) there to 
 make triall of the Romans valour. This C-^.tKillw being more penfive in the behalf of the pubiike 
 calamity ,than carefuUofhis own :fpending hisfpirits and wa(iing his body withaying out up- 
 on gods and men : thus fretting and chafing with himfelfand wondringvvhat was become of thofe 
 valiant and hardy men, who under hisconduft ^Non^el^znd Faleni^ and who had fought other 
 vvars more valiantly alwaies rh an fortunately : ofafudden he heard that the Amiy of die Gauls 
 approached, and that theArdeates in great fear /ell to confultation thereabout what to do: and 
 Ceven as if he had been infpired from God above, he put himie f forward and entred into the 
 midft of the people artembled, who heretGfore,had abiiained and forborn fuch publike meetings 
 and confulration^ And thus be faid : '■' You my Maflers of yirdea, mine old friends fometime. The Oration 
 " and now my new neighbours and fellow-Citizens, for fo it is fallen out by your kindnefs &;jde- ofcamiUus in ' 
 *' ferts,and by mine own fortune and condition : let no man think,that I.forgetfuU of m ine own ^^' Afljmbiy 
 *' eflate.am come forth hither into this audience. But the prefent objedl: and publike danger for- °J'^^ ^^' 
 " ceth every man to utter and bring forth in fo fearful! a time and bulinefs as this is, what help he 
 " can. And when fh.iH I ever be thankful unto you for your favours and demerits,if now I ftand 
 **ftillanddo nothing? Orwherefhahl ever (land you in fteadjifnotin wnr? By my skillhereb, 
 *'I flourilTied in my Country, and being in war invincible, wasin peace by unthankfullneigh- 
 J^"boursand unkind Cuirensbaniflied, And now have yegoodoccalion offered, and opportu- 
 " nity ( O ye Ardeates ) both to make recompence, for thofe fo great pleafures and autcfies in 
 " times paft received of the people of Rome^ as your felves do well remember, (and therefore be 
 *' it fpoken without upbraiding and reproaching of any mindfull perfons ) andalfoto win great 
 *' honour ofwar,unto this City, by defeating a common enemy unto both. This nation, which 
 *' thus Cometh towards us with a diffolute and difordered armyjare thofe to whom God and na- 
 " cure hath given bodies more big and corpulent than Ifrong and able, hearts more (lout and cou- 
 *' ragious than conllant and relolute : whereby they bring v\ith them alwaies into the field more 
 " fhew of terrour than true valour and exCvUtion. Whereof the latefoiland difcomfiture of the 
 " Romans may be a fufficient proof and triall. They won the City when the gues (lood open unto 
 £ '' them : a fmall power from the Caftle and Capitol! was ableto withif and and repel! them. And 
 "' weary already of the tedioufnefs of fiege, they are fain to depart, Rragling up and down, and 
 « wandring along the councry. Theirmanner iswhenihey havefiHed theirbc'Jies with wineand ?» 
 *' good viduals, (which they devour full greedily and ha(fily wherefoever they can come by it . ) 
 *'fofoon as night Cometh on.without any place of defence without watch or vvardio liy them- 
 *'felvesalongHkebruitbeafts,hereand thereby the waters fides. And now upon their good fuc- 
 *'cefs,are they more fe.ure and retchlefs.than they were wont to be. If ye be dii"po!ed ro defend 
 *' your wals, & not ail to turn Frenchjgather your felves together & at the firft watch of the night 
 " ann,and to your weapons:Follovv me to a m3ffacre,and not to a skirmifh.-for if I d o lioi deliver 
 " ihem unto your hands fafi afleep to be hewn in pieces like flieep and oxen,I re'ufe not to fee the 
 F"fameendofmineefi<iteat Ardea^that I have found already at Rome. There was not one there, 
 howfoever affedted he was,friend or foe to Camilltuhm was perfwaded that the hke warrior was 
 not in thofe daies to befound again.The affembly being broken up-.they refreflvtheir bodies, rea- 
 dy to fight fo foon as ever theSignall fliould be propounded. Which being put forth jin the begin- 
 ning and firfl: watch of the night,they were ready with Camillm at the gates. And gone they were 
 not farfrom the town, but they found (as it was foretold them) the Gauls camp without Cni-pi de 
 jf«.fra!, neglefted on every fide : and it with a mighty cry they aff^il. There was in no place fight, 
 but killing every where: and their naked bodies(as they lay falf afleep) were hacked and cut inpie- 
 ces.Howbeit.fome of thofe that were furthelt off.being feared out of their couches. not knowing 
 what violence or from whence it was took to their heels and fled : otber-fome flum'^lcd atuna- 
 G wares upon the very enemy. A great pare of them being come into the territory of Ard-a^ were 
 by the townfmen who fallied out upon them as they weredifperfed, environed and flain.The like 
 flaughter to this there vvas of the Tufcans in the Country oiVeii : who had fo little pity and com- 
 pafTionito fee a City which well near fertour hundred years fpace bordering upon them, was now 
 furprifedby aftrangeenemynot heard of afore, that even at that very timetheymsderodes into 
 the Territory of Ron^e, and laden wif h booty from thence, purpofed to aff/il even Veil alfo and 
 thegariifon, being the only place and means of refcue, and the laft hope of the Roman name. 
 
 0.2 .. The
 
 i;: 
 
 J he Fifth BgoJ^ of T, Livius, 
 
 The «dven- 
 tareoi Pontius 
 Cominius, » 
 
 cam'Uu! cho- 
 fen Diftacor. 
 
 TheRoman fouldiers that lay in garrifon there,hadefpied thefe Tufcans ranging about the coun- H 
 try,?.nd gathered together in a body to drive booties a:ore them: and vvithall they detctied their 
 Camp pitched notfar from Fcii. Where, at firft they pitted their own ertate,but alter, they fell 
 into an indignation and anger that the Tufcans alfojfrom whom they had diverted the Gauls war 
 upon themlelvesjfliould in their calamities thus fcorn them and have them in derifion : lb as they 
 could fcarcely temper themfelves and forbear, but prefentiy fetuponthem. But being (laied per- 
 force by Captain Ccdniiu^z Centurion whom they themfelves had made their Ruler; they put off 
 this exploit untillnight; Only their Commander and Leader was not to be compared with C^- 
 TKilhi!- eife all thefervice was atchieved in the fame order, and with as good fpeed and happy 
 fuccefs.Over and bef.desjby the guidance and diredtion of thofeprilbners which remained unllain I 
 over-night>they went forward as far as Salindi^ to another power of the Tufcansjand in the night 
 following, upon a fndden they made a greater havock and flaughter of them, and fo in joyous 
 manner vviih double conquert they return to Veii. At Rome in this mean time, the liege tor the 
 molt part was but cold and flack,and all quiet on both fides: whiles the Gauls regarded and loo- 
 ked to this only, That none of their enemies fliould make an efcape through theirguards. At 
 whattimea certain valiantyongRomanbehaved himfelffo,as his own councrimen and enemies , 
 too had him in great admiration. There was a fet faciirtce or folemnity to be celebrated by the 
 houfe and linac-e of Fai>ii}r) the Mount QHirwdu.Voi the accomplifhment whereofjd/^j Fai>i- 
 ns Dorfno in his holy robes,after the Cabins fafhion, bearing in his hand the holy complements 
 thereto belonging,camedownfrom the Capitol,palled through the midll of the enemies corps de K 
 ^«^r^,and nothing moved whatfoeverwasdoneorfiid toterrifiehim,went on forth right to t' e 
 mount Qiiirinal. And when he had there performed and difpatched allfolemnities^returningthe 
 fame way with like conftant countenance and comly pace , hoping aduredly, that the gods would 
 be merciful! and gracious unto himjwhofe worfliip he had not left undone tor any fear of death: 
 he retired again to his company into the Capitol: whether it were that the Gauls were aftonied 
 at his wondrous boldnefs, or rather were touched in confcience with a reverent regard of Religi- 
 on,wherein that nation is very zealous and devout. At r'fz; in the mean while they gathered not 
 only heart every day more than other,but flrength and forces alfo; for that not only Romans thi- 
 ther repaired out of the country, fuchaseitherindikomfitureofthebattell, orfor the calamity 
 of the City now taken, bad been 'cattered : but alfo out of LatiumAweis of their own accord L 
 had flocked thither, to h.ive their 'liare in the pillage. Now they thought it high time to return 
 to their country again andtodeliver itont of the enemies hands. The body was flrong enough, 
 but without an head it was. The very place put them in mind of C.imi!!ns.3tid a great part of the 
 fouldiers were luth as had atchieved prci'perous exploits underhis leading and cocdudf . And Ci- 
 dititis oave out plainly that no god or man fhould make him give over his government, but 
 would himfe:; -s mindfnll o' i.'^ own place,call tor a Gencral.So by general confent it was agreed, 
 ihat^Ojw //wflionldbe fent 'crtrom J da. but with the advice before of the Senat which was 
 at Rome. So modeR were they in all their carriage, and To precifely obferved they ( even in their 
 defperatc cafe ) the due refpe£l and regard of every aftion. Now to pafs through the wards of 
 their enemiesjwas an hard and dangerous adventure. To this exploit therefore, /'o/.'f/w Comini' M 
 «j,a valorous young man.promifed his fervice.Who bearing himielf upon a bark or ccrke luider 
 him, hulled along the Tjr^f?- down the water to the City ; andfothenext wayfromtheflrand, 
 over a ficep cliff ( which was negligently or not r.t all guarded by the enemy ^ he paffeth through 
 iheCapitoU, and being brought to the Magiftrates, deciareth there his meffage fromtheArmy. 
 When he had received the Senates decree to this effeifl: : hvfrimis^\\z\. Cunidlus fhould be called 
 back aoain out of exile by a Ward-leet, orthe fuffra;:es of ther«r/(e : Item-, that by the voices of 
 ihepeoplehe fliould be created Didfator outofhand: r.nd that the fouldiersmight havefor their 
 Generall whom they defired : the meffenger returned the fame way back again to r"«V.And Em- 
 baffadours were fent to C'^millnszt Ardea.yiho < ndui'ted him to?^«'/.But I would rather beeeve 
 that he departed not from ^r^f^, before 1.- had certain intelligence of the Aft of the Senate.N 
 And for that neither without the wi'l of the peop e, he might change the place whereto he was 
 confined, r.or uiilcfs he were named Di6i>tor, have the conduft of the Army ; there paffed an 
 Aftof alltheWa:d:^, and Difbaior was he declared in his abfence. Whiles thefe things were a 
 doing at rdi, the Caflle of Rome and the C.?pitoll was in very great danger. For the Gauls,either 
 having found out a mansfooting-that way as the meffenger went fromrm,or efpied at the cliff of 
 Carmcutis, an cafie place to climb up: in a clear night fent a mrn before unarmed to alfay the 
 pjffagCjScihen gave him up his armour, and whereitwasfteep,onehe!pcd.!iftedap,anddrewup 
 another, as the difficulty of the place required. Soas they gotup to the top with fuch filence, 
 that not only the Scr.tinels were not aware of them,but alfo t he dog>;(3V7atchfull creature at e- 
 very noife in the r;ight)wcre not once awakened therewith.But they could not fo ef npc r^z ^eefe, O 
 which were confecraicd unto y«>ro,and forallthefcarcity of vi£lu.;Is were fpared and notkilled 
 lip. And this it was that fivcd them all. For with their gagling and flutterino o'' thrir wir:s M, 
 Ma;ilitiu\i\iO three years before had been Conful.a right hardy and noble \va rior,was avvaked. 
 Who taking weapon in hand, fpeedily went forth and raiiled the red vvithall to take Tms. And 
 whiles all elfe made haftin agreatfright, heflroke the Gaul who now flood upon the top, with 
 ihe bofs and pike of his buckler, and turned him down. The fall of whom overturned them that 
 
 were
 
 ibii fifth BooIiofT.hWms. 17:^ 
 
 yi '.vere next. Then Cew be others, (whiles they were in fear) who had laid their weapons on. ; . 
 )iand-and cook hold of the Bones whereto they dinged doi'e. By which time^the reli being come 
 rogethcr/ome flinging darts, others caflingdowniiones, tumbled their enemies bsck, rnd the 
 whole power o^ them io:l their fme fooling and fell down he-adlong.This tumult being appea cd 
 thereft of the night (fo far forth as men might with troubled minds.feeing that even the danger, 
 paft difqiiieted them)they gave themfeives to fleep.When day was come.the fou'diers by found 
 of Trumpet were fummoned to aflcmble before their Tribunes, and coniidcring there was re- 
 ward due both to well-doing and mif-doing:/^/.!;?//;^ firR for bis valour was commended and re- 
 warded.not only by the Tribunes military, but alfoby confent cfalirhefouldicr.;. Upon whom, 
 £ they amongft them all, berto wed and brought home to his home ( which (1 cod upon the CalUe 
 hill) wheat-meal by the half-pints, and wineby the quarcs. Amitter of fmall reckoning to be 
 fpokcnof :butinthatfcarcity.this might be an argument of their iove.andaffedtionAvhe'ne'.ety 
 manbeguiled his own belly, pluckt from himfelt and the neceiruies of his life, and conferred the 
 fame to the honour and recompence of that oneman.Then were fummoned to appear the fenti- 
 nels of that pla.e where the enemy ciimed up undefcried. And when as P.Sulf.t-.w a Tir.nine 
 Military.had pronounced that he would exercile martial law upon them ail. the fouldiers cried out 
 with open mouth, and laid all the fault on one watchman : and fo for fear of a mutiny he IpAred 
 all the red : and with their generall confent and approbation, he caufcd that undoubrec guilty 
 perlon to be thrown down from the rock. Whereupon they were more careful and cir^umfpeCt 
 
 Q in their watch, both amongft the Gauls (becaufe it was commonly noifed that there paHedmet"- 
 fengers to and fro between /^f/V and ^flwe: and alfo amongH the Romans, for the remembrance 
 of the late danger by night. But above all other miferies that follow war and f.ege, the famine 
 was fore in both the Armies. The Gauls were plagued with peU ilence befides : for that they had 
 pitched their tents inaplace lying between two hils ; exceeding hot by reafon of the fires, and 
 full of ("moak;,carrying both duft and aflies, when any wind was liirring: which be things that of 
 all others, that nation cannot abide,as being ufed to wet and cold. Thus being fmothered with 
 heat, and therewith flifled and choaked again, they died with contagious difeafes like rotten 
 flieep. And now for idlenefs that they would not bury them feverally one by one,they laid the 
 dead bodies on heaps one with another, and fo burnt them: and mad^ that place famous and no- 
 
 Tj tab e by the name oi Bujia Gallic.^.i.e, Gauibury .Hereupon, they grew to make ibme truce with tu§<i G^Ukt; 
 the Romans,and empaned together by fufferance of the Generals. In which parlies,when as the 
 Gauls very often alledged the famine, and uponthatextremity perfwaded them toyeeld: itis 
 faidthat the Romans fortoput thembythat opinion of them, inmany places from the Capitol 
 flung out loaves of bread into the very Hations and covp dc guard of the enemies. But at lenoth 
 neitner could their hunger be diffembled nor fuftained any longer. Therefore,whiks the DiiPtator 
 muftereth a power at Ardea by himfelfihe commandeth theGcnerall o'ihoiio.ratu L.FJcnm xo 
 have away the Army from f^cu: and maketh fo good preparation, and furnifheth hirnlelf fo, as he 
 might be able to match his enemies,and to charge uponthem.In the mean feafon the a: my of the 
 Capitol wearied out with watching and warding^having furmounted all humane miferies bef.des 
 
 £ hunger, which only of all othersjnature would not fuffer to be overcome: looking day by day for 
 fuccour from the Diftator now at lalf when not only their 'ood;buc their hope alfo failed them, 
 and were grown to that weaknefs, that when they went to keep their guard, they could hardly 
 bear the weight of their armour, they agreed and gave confent either to yield or to ranfome 
 themfelvesupon any condition,they cared not whnt. Whiles theGauls allogave forth plainly,and 
 faid they might be entreated for a Imal confideracion to give over tiege.Then the Senat went to- 
 gether, and gave CommilTion to the Tribunes Military, to bargain and go through with them. 
 So by a parley or treaty had between P.Sulpitins Tribune Military, and y?re;;«^«theDukeot 
 theCJauiS,aconcIurion was made,and that people, who within a fhort time fhould be Lords of 
 the world, were valued and elteemed at a' ihoufand pound weight cf Gold. This in itfelfwas f^jfooolib. 
 
 F a moi'l odious and fhameful thing, but there was adjoyncd thereunto a foul indignity. For Kngliih. 
 the Gauls brought forth falfe weights and uneven baliances. And when the Tribune refu.ed 
 them,hehold,theinfolent and proud Gaul would needs have his fvvord weighed too for vantage, 
 addingthisfpeech moreover, ( which was intolerable for the RomAniX.o\\tir ) Woe won h men 
 conquered- and doivn with them fill. Butueither Godnorman wouldabidetheRomans to live 
 ranfomed. For by good hap, before that fhameful fum of money by compoGtion was paid; be- 
 fore Cr.ay)that upon fome wrangling that fell between, ail the Gold was weighed out, comech 
 the Diftator in the manner, and commandeth the gold to be had away, and the Gauls to void. 
 And when as they made rehftance and pleaded the capitulation and bargain, he again replieth, 
 and faith, That the compolition was not good, nor ought to ftand, which after he was made 
 
 GDiitatcr had been by an inferiourMagillrate concluded, without his commandment & warrant: 
 and wichall warneth theGauh to prepare theTnlelves to fight .-commanding his own fouldiers 
 to caft all their bag and b.'ggage down on a heap, to put on their harnefs, to make ready their 
 weapons, and by dint of (leeli and not by weight of fword to redeem their Country, having in 
 fight before their eyes theChurches of their godstheir wives andihildren, and tbefoil where- 
 onthe City flood ''deformed now with miferies of war) andall things elfe which they ought by 
 good reafon to defendj recover, and be revenged for. Hereupon he marfhalled his battell as the 
 
 Q^ 3 ground'
 
 174 i ^^ Piftb Boo\ of T. Livius, 
 
 ground would give him leave.being the plot only of a City half ruinate and lying alor;g,and with- H 
 all of it ieltnacur.Uiy uneven. FcrecalUng and providing for all things vvithlpecialthoije and pre- 
 paration to fervt his fouldiers turn,as far as martiall skill could pcflibly reach. The Gauls aftrigh- 
 ted at thisfo(irange anoccnrrent,betookthem to their weaponsjand in a foriousfit of ?,nger,ra- • 
 therihan with any confiderate difcretionjthey ran upon the Romans. Now had Fortune turned 
 her wheel : now Gods help and mans policy afiifted the Romans. 1 herefore at the f rli encotin- 
 ter the Gauls were difcomfited with as little difficulty, as they themfelves h2datchie\ed the. 
 \idory n J III a. Afterwards alto, in another more fet battell in the way of G«^i.*, about eight 
 miles from Ro -,.e (to which place they -were fled) they were varquiflied by the condnd't and lea- 
 ding of the fame Ciimillm. For there were they flain in every place, their Camp taken. and not I 
 fo much as ope left to bring news of their overthrow. The Didator having thus delivered his 
 Country out of the enemies hand, reiurneth again with triumph into the City. And in all the - 
 fportsandpleafant ditties which the fouldiers rudely after their manner devifed^he was filled Ro- 
 w«/«^ the father of the Country, the fecond founder of the City, which were no vain titles of 
 commendation. 
 
 When he had faved his Country thus in war,he preferved it afterwards again undoubtedly in 
 - time of peace,namely iin gainfaying their tranfmigration to Veii : whiles both the Tribunes entor- 
 ced that matter more earnelHy,now after the burning of theCity^and the Commons alfo of them- 
 felves were more enclined thereunto, than before. Which was onecaufe,that after his triumph 
 he refignednot uphisDid^atorfhip: beingrequeRed alfo by the Senat not to leave the City in lb K 
 doubtful terms of perplexity. And f.rft and formolf ( as he was evermore a molt precife devout 
 man and religious) he propofed thole things which concerned the immortall gods : and caufeth 
 an 3(3: ofthe Senat to be made. /»;;>/-/»««, that all the Templcs'Jor that the enemies had held ^nd 
 poffefled them ) fhouldbe repaired, bounded out new, and purged, hem^ that themanner of 
 cleaning them, fliould be fearched out of the books of 57^//'<j by the Duumvirs. Mjreover-.that 
 with the inhabitants of C^ere, there fhould be made a league of publike and mutual hofpitality, 
 for receiving the facred Images and Prierts ofthe people oi Rome ■ by the means and favour of 
 which people, the honour and fervice of the immortal gods was not forelec and difcontinued, 
 Item,Thn there fhould befec out the Plaies called CipholmiSotx^ait Jupiter Qptimns M.hximus 
 liad ftil defended and preferved his own feat, and the Refuge ofthe people oi Rome-tm that fearful L 
 time of trouble. And that M.Ftirim fliould ordain a guild, or fraternity out of thofe that dwelt 
 in the hill ofthe Capitoljfor the celebration of thofe plaies. Finally.to the end there fliould be alfo 
 fome fatisfa6fion and expiation made of that night voice which being the fore-meflcnger and 
 warning-giver of their dellruftion before the coming ofthe Gauls, vv.is heard and yet negledled, 
 a motion was made, that a Temple fhould be ereCled in the new caufey to Aitts Loc;:tti:s. The 
 Gold which was recovered by force from the Gauls, as alfo that which out of other Temples in 
 that fearful hurly-burly, was brought into the chancel or chappelolj.'.jjffr, becaiife they could 
 not call to mind piecifely into which Churches they were to carry it again accordingly, was all 
 judged holy andtacredto Jupiter \ and order taken. that it fliould be bellowed and laid up under 
 his flirine.And how devout the City was, appeared before in this;That when there wss not gold M 
 enough in the common cheff 5 to makeup the full fum of the ranfom that was agreed upon be- 
 tween them and the Gauls, they took that which the matrons and wives of /^jwe contributed, 
 and all to fpare and lave the gold appointed to holy ufes. The Matrons were therefore thanked, 
 and this honour befides done unto them, That after their death they as well as their husbands, 
 fhould be openly praifed in a folemn funeral Oration. When thofe thing"; were once accompli- 
 fhed which appertained to the Gods, and all that belonged to the Senate for to do: then and not 
 afore. upon the ftirs that the Tribunes kept with the Commons continually, with their fpeeches 
 in all their aflemblies/ollicitingthem to leave the ruins of the City, and to remove with allthey 
 had to rf«,a town readily furnifhed to their hand : thenfl fay)and not before, Camilla! accom- 
 panied with the whole Senat, came up into the common place of audience, and there before the N 
 The Oration People fpake in this wife. ' So grievous to me O Q^iritcs, is all contention and varian e vviih the 
 ofii.Fur'ms " Tribunes ofthe Commonsthat while I lived at Ardca I found no other comfort and folace,in 
 Camiliuttoihz " that moll heavy and wofulbanifhment of mine but this, ThatI wasfar enough off from thofe 
 people of «• debates and jars. In regard whereof,! would never have come again,I affuieyou-but that you 
 Romt, "called me ba.k,both by a61 of Senat, and alfo by approbation of the people. And it is not in me 
 
 "any change of mind but your calamity anddiHrcffcd ellate, that hath forced me to return again 
 " unto you.Forthis was the very point that you Hood upon,n3mely,that our country might con- 
 "tinueftill and keep her ancient place: and notlwis, thatlflionld remain and dwell therein a- 
 "gain. And even now verily,would I befliiland keep filence willingly, but thatthis quarrel alfo 
 "is in thebehalf of myforefaid country : the whitji to fail (fo long as life doth laft ) for others O 
 *' might be a {hamcfulreproach5butforC<?w////v.rit were mofl impious &abominable.For to what 
 "end have we returned to it again ? To what purpofe when it wasbefieged have we delivered it 
 " out of the enemies hands, if when we have recovered it, we our felves abandon and leave the 
 "fame? And when as the gods and men of iJow: kept nill. and inhabited the Capitol and the ca- 
 *' (tie, notwithftandingthe Gauls were Lords, and poffeffed ofthe whole City, is it polTiblethat 
 "both Caftle and Capitol, after the City is regainedj fhould be forfaken and abandoned ofthe 
 
 "Roman
 
 The Fifth Bool\ofT .Uw'ms. • 175 
 
 A " Roman vi6tors?And {hal onr profperous hand over our enemies bring greater defolationeo oiii: 
 "City. than adver(ityhath?Verilyjitic were lb,£hat we made no reckoniiy, of that religion and di- 
 "vine iblemnferviccinRicutcd eicn with the foundation of our City:& that we counted all vi- 
 " nicies that have been delivered unco us by tradition from our ancdtors •• yet fo evident a po'vcc 
 "of God hathalfilied the Romans, chatlmuii: needs think, chat men can now ncicngernegletl: 
 "the worfliip ot God.For conhder with me Ipray you eicherche profpericyo; theadverlity of 
 '^thefe years late paft^oneafceranotherjye fhatl find. that as long as we ierved God and fclowed 
 " his will fo long we piofpered &: went forward : and all the whiie that we defpifcd the famc,we 
 ."ever went backward and fell to decay, Andfirftandformod the Veient war (re-Cunt Ibeieech 
 
 g '" youjhow many years lalkd it ? how troublefome and painful was it? And ended it was r.ocbc- 
 '•■fore thatby thedircftion andadvertifement of the gods, tbe water was kt out of the Alb^ine 
 '' pool?What fiiall I fpeak ofthis late & llrange calamity of our own CityPBegr-n it(.ind r?.y truth^ 
 " betore that voice which came from heaven was m.^de fo light of.,concerningthe coming of the 
 " GaulsPbefore the law of nations was by onr EmbafladoursbrokenPand before ch.^cthroiighthe 
 '• fame negleA of the gods.that faft was by us winked at and put up, which irdc^d ibould have 
 "beenpuniflied and revengedPThis was thecaufe that we were vanquitlicd, made captive, }.<i1t to 
 " our ranfomeandfufferedfuchcondignpunifliment both at Gods hand and acmr'ns,as that we 
 "■ are made an example and amazement to the whole world.Thenour.idverfty and rtBictionput 
 ••us inmindof ourreligion.,and'thefear of thegods.Wefied into theCapitoUo chegods.even 
 
 Q '■'■ CO the very feat ot Jupucr Optimtu Maximas : and when our own privat eluue went to havo-k, 
 " thelacred monuments yet and holylmages/ome we hid in the earthfome we conveyed away 
 "into the neighbour Towns, and removed them out of our enemies fght. Andalbeit we were 
 "forlorn and given over both otGod and men, yet gave not we over, nor difconcimied che fer- 
 " vice of the gods. And therefore gave they us our country again, they gaveus viilory, andiue 
 " ancient honour of war which we had loll: and upon our enemies heads, who(blinded with co- 
 ,' vetoufnefs^in the weighing of gold brake both covenant and fidelity, they have turned all fear- 
 " fulnefs,aU flight & (laughter. Confidering then, O Qiurices,by thefelb great and apparent figns, 
 " & teUimonies in the courfe ofthis world,what it is to fervc God,8i what it is to difhonor him, 
 " perceive ye not what wickednefs we go about to plunge ourfelvs into^being fcarcely got forth 
 rx" andefcapedout of the fliipwrackand periilof our former hn and calamity ? A City we have 
 '- founded and built, by the will of God and due obfervation of Augury and Aufpices, no corner 
 *' therein,but full of religion, full of di'. ine Majefty : and for Iblemn facrifices, there are fee dales 
 " when they fliallbe celebr-ited,there are places alfo appointed wherein they ought to beperfor- 
 *' med.And are ye about then,0 Q>iitites,to leave all the:e gods both publike &: privatPhow for- 
 " teththis deed of yours with that.whi.h lately during the time of the liege .was feen withnolefs 
 "admiration of our enemies, than our own lelvesin that Noble young Gentleman C.F^^«/? 
 '•• when through the pikes oi the G.uils, he departed out ot the Cilile, and performed a foiemn 
 " duty of the houfe oiFabiits-ts&n upon the mount Qviirinal? What, can ye allow and like thr.t 
 " the facred ceremonies of privat families, fhould not fomuch as intitne of war be intermitted: 
 
 E " and fuft'cr now the publike facrifices and the Roman gods, in time of peace to be negieCied,and 
 "the City abandoned ? That our High Priefts and Fir.min'; fliouidbelefs cuTiou.sand precifeiri 
 " the publike ferv ice of Gods th.in a private Citizen was in the Annivcrfary feaft ot his family 
 '■ and kindred? But perad venture fome one may fay, We willdothe fameat^«*-,or we will lend 
 <•' trom thence our PrieOs hither,for to execute that miniftry. Neither of whiih can be doned'a- 
 " vingthe due obfer^ameof holy ceremonies. For, to fay nothingin general of all other holy- 
 '< daies,and of all the godsbefides ; In that one high fealt and foiemn dinner o\Jnp ter. csn a Pul- 
 '' vinar be celebrated, or a facred Table be fpread and furniilied in any place, but in the CapitoF ? 
 " What fhould I fpeak of the eternal fires o[l^eft-.i} and of chat Image, which as a pawn and lecu- 
 " rity of our imperial Hate, is kept within the fafegard of that Temple ? What fhould I fpejk of 
 
 F " thole your y^»c///.iand Scutcheons ? O Ma-s Gradivw-, and thou father Quirims : are ye well 
 "contented that all thefefellivall and facred folemnicies, which are all of equal time with theCi- 
 " cy,yea,and of more antiquity (fome of them) than chefoundation of the Cicy, fhould be forfa- 
 •■^ ken in a profane place: But fee whatods there is between us and our anccflors ? They lefcun- 
 "to us certain foiemn fealls and facrifices to- be celebrated in the Alban mountain and in Lavini- 
 " //?», Was it then a matter ofconfcien.e and religion ch.ic fome fellival iblemnitics were broughc 
 " unto us from our enemies Cities to Rome}hv^d Hnall we tranilate the fame trom hen. e to our c- 
 " nemies City FfZ/^withont a great andhainous oft'encejth.u would require expiationPDo but call 
 " to mind I pray you,how otien our tealls and facrifices have been renewed and reformed clean, 
 
 . " for that fome one old accuftomcd ceremony, eitherby chance or tor want of caking heed, hath 
 
 G " been over-flipt and left out. And even ot late,what was it elfe that(afcer tiie Ikange miracle ot 
 "■ the A'b-n Pool)relieved our Common-weal fo dirireffed with the Veienc war,bnt the reforma- . 
 "tion o\. our divine fervice and renewing of our Aulpiies ? And more than this, we as it were in' 
 "remembrance of ancient religion and devotion, have both brought unco /Joweforraingod!;,- 
 '■ and alio have inRicuced and devifed new.Whac a noc.-.bie and feftival day was thnc'in regard ol 
 *' the exceeding zeal ardforvvardaffe<5lion of the Matrons) upon which Qjieen J«»:?iate cran- 
 ''flared from Fey, was dedicated in Avenme} Knd.x.0 Aim Locutius, for a voice trom heaven 
 
 heard
 
 , y ^ 7 he Fifth Boo\^ of T. Livius. 
 
 " heard in thenewcaufeyjWe caufed a Temple to be ereaed. The Capiiolinepkies have we ad- H 
 " ded CO other folemn feaHsSc thereto we have ordained and founded a newguild or fraternity, 
 " evenby the advice of theSenat.And what need was there>that we flionld have done any of thefe 
 " things, if we meant, together with the Gauls.to leave iheCity of Rome ? if we abode not iu 
 '•the Capitol (fo many months while we were befieged)willingly andwithoncLonliraint ? And 
 «' if we werefor tear of our enemies,held back from going ellewhither? Thus much of our fe[iival 
 "daies and temples. But what fhallbecome now, 1 pray you of our Prielts ? Never think ye ome 
 <■'• of icjwhat a dnfuli deed you are about ? As for the Veliall Votaries and Nuns, it is certain,[his 
 "is their only place, foith of which nothing ever could drive them but the winning of the City. 
 " The Flamin of Jupiter may not lie forth of the City one night : and will ye make thefe Prielis I 
 '' of Romans to become Veientians ? And ftiall thy virgins jndeed,0 refta, leave thee now ? and 
 «• fliall the Flamin dwelling in a Hrange place,for every night he is abfent, taint with fo great im- 
 " pietyboth himfelf and the Common wealth? As for other matters,which we do with great fo- 
 "lemnitybythedirefl-ionof the Augurs(andall well near within thePomery orcompafsofthe 
 '■ City) how can we forget or negleit them ? Namely, the Ward-Ieet or aflembly of the Curia for 
 " matters of war : alfo the other of Centuries, wherein ye chufe your Confuls and Military Tri- 
 " bunes.where can they be held (if we refpeft the will of the gods and regard the Aufpices)but in 
 " the places accullomed? Shall weremoveall thefe to Feii ? or fhallthe peoplerepair hitherfrom 
 " thence with fo great trouble and inconvenience, to a defolate City,forfaken ot God and man, 
 " whenfoeverchef would hold thofeaffemblies? Buttheprefencneceflity(they wiilfay/orceth iis K 
 " to leave a town that is wafted with fire, and wholly ruinate, and togo to rf/7,where all Itands 
 " fafe and found,and not to put the poor Commons to the toile and charge of new building.Thac 
 *' this is a pretence and caufe rather devifed,than meant inearneft,if I fhould fay nothing 1 think 
 " appeareth manifeftly unto you already, O Qjiirites, who remember that before the coming of 
 " the French men , whiles your publike buildings and privat houfes were whole, and whiles the 
 " City flood upright on foot.this felf-fame motion was made and debated-,as touching the remo- 
 " vine to f^cti. Confider now ye Tribunes what difference there is between mine opinion and 
 « yours : ye are of mind, that if it had not then been meet to be done, yet now verily it were 
 <' good andrequifit : I contrariwiie(but marvel not I pray you before you hear what I will fay)am 
 *' ofopinionihat albeit we might have then gone,whiles our wholeCityflourifhed, yet now we L 
 " were not to leave itthusruinateSidecayed.Foratthat time wehad fome caufe to remove into 
 " a conquered City,namely,Vi£lory3a glorious thing to our felves and our pofterity: but this re- 
 " moving now, were reproachfuUandfhamctuU to ourfelves,but glorious and honourable to the 
 " Gauls. For we fliall not be thought to have left our country as conquerours.but to have loft it as 
 '< conquered.Andfhallitbe faid, that our running away at ^//;.',the winning of our City,the be- 
 " fieging of the Capitoll ,hath impofed this neceftity upon us, as to leave our houfe and home and 
 " to make fliifts.to leek our own exile and departure out of that place which we are not able to 
 "defend? And were, indced,the Gauls able to pull down and rafe that City of iJJcwr, which the 
 '' Romans ftial not be thought able to reedifie and fet up again?What remaineth now in t ai'e they 
 " fliould come upon us afrefh,with a new powerof men) for certain it isthattheirmultitudeis M 
 *' infredible)&: were willing to dwellhere in this City by them conquered ,& by you abandoned} 
 '• bvit t hat ye gently permit and fuffer them? Nay , What and if not the Gauls,but your old enemies 
 " the jtquians and the Volfcians would remove and come to Rome ^would you be willing to have 
 " them become Rom.ins and your felves Veientians ? Would ye not rather, that this defert and 
 " waft groundasit lieth,vvereyours,thantobea City peopled by your enemies? For I cannot fee, 
 " Iafrureyou,whetherofthetwain,weremoreto be detefted.And becaufe(forfooth)yeare loath 
 « to fal to building,are ye refolved to abide thefe mifchiefsScthefe fliamfnl reproaLhes?If through- 
 " out the whole City there might not be built a more commodious or ftately houfe, than is that 
 " cottage there of our founder;Were it not better to d wel in cottages like fliepherds & peafants ,fo 
 " it be among your facred monuments and houftiold gods, than all at once generally to go into N 
 "exilerOura'n.eftors and forefathers being a mixture of divers countries, and no other than hetd- 
 "men;finding in thefe parts nothing but woodsandbogsjn a fhort time built a new City out of 
 '^ the ground: and are we loath, having yet ourCapitol, ourcaftlefafe, the Temples of our gods 
 " ftandingftlll toreedifieit now thatitis burnt. That which every oneofus woiildhavedone,if 
 '< our houfes had been fired refufe we altogether to do in the common fcarefire of the CiryrGive 
 « me leave alittie.W^hat&if by fome villany orby mifchanre there fliould be a fcarefire at ^^/^ & 
 '< by re.ifonot the wind(asitis often feen)thefl:.me i'pred&ca-ch,and fo confume a great part of 
 <' the City, fliall we go from thence by and by, and feek to F/^«r<e or G^j^/A or feme other City 
 " near at hand to remove unto ? Is the very native foil ofour country, and this ground which we 
 "call our mother, of no power at all to keep us here, but doth the whole loveand affeftionofo 
 <' our country reft in the fuperficial outfide- and in thetimber and rafters of our houfes ? Verily, 
 "confefs Iwilhmto you (although Itakelefs pleafure to remember the wrongs you did me .than 
 <' ihecalamity which I endured) when I was abfent .ind inexilc,fo o^'ten as I thought of my coun. 
 " try,allthefe things ran in my mind: the hiis,thepbin,the7j^i:r;che coaftsall about,whichwas 
 <■ my daily profpeft and this air.under which I was born and brought up. All which, O Qiiirites, 
 '•let them move you rather now with an affeilion to them for to tarry flilin this your habitation, 
 
 than
 
 The Sixth Boo\ofT, Lhius. ij 
 
 // 
 
 A " than difqiiiet you hereafter, and torment yon for the want and mifs ofdvzm-, when yon haie 
 " once left and forgone them. Not without good cau!c both God and mJm.hofethi.'ipLv.e for 
 " the building of this City : mol\ hcnltby and vvholfome hils : a very cbnvenicm and cr,m,i-:odi- 
 '' ous river ; to bring in corn and other Iruits out of the inland parts, to recei'.cnio\ i.'u'n :.nd o- 
 " ther victuals from the lea-coiils : the ki it felf near enough for commodities, and net expofed 
 " and open by too much nearncff to the dangers of forrain navies : the very heart >^nd centre of 
 '• all Zfrf/;,a place as a man would fay.naturally made, and only for that City to grow and encreafe 
 '' in. And that doth the very largenefs and greatnefs of a City fo newlv fonnded, plainly prove. 
 " It is now three hundred threefcore and four years, and not abo\e, lince thefoundation there- 
 g" ot,0 Ojiiritcs. Amongd fomany Nations of greatell antic]uity, thus long ye have made war: 
 "and all this whileftofay nothing of patticular Cities) neither the Volfcians together with the 
 '' iiquians peopling fo many tow'ns,and thofe fo Urong, nor all Hetrun.t fo mighty by fea and 
 "land, and containing the whole breadth between the two feas, are in war to you comparable. 
 " Which being fo, what reafon have you (in the devils name) when ye have hadfuffxient proof 
 *' already of it, to try again new experiments Pconhdering now, that albeit your valour and vertuc 
 "may go with you elfewhither, yetfurely, the good luik and fortune of this place can never de- 
 ''part and remove trom hence? Hereis the Capitoll, where fometimes upon the finding of a 
 ''mans head, anfwer was made by diviners and wizards, That in that very place fliould be the 
 '' head of all Duiffance.and the imperiali leat of the whole world. Here, at what time as the Ca- 
 
 Q '^pitoU byihedireition of the Augurs fhould be voided and cleared of all other ChappelsXady 
 " Juve-'iru! and god Ter minus ^ to the great joy of our forefathers, would not fuffer themfelves to 
 *'• be ftirred out of their place.Here are the fires of Veflahaz be the Scutcheons come down from 
 " heavenjhere rre all thegods,tavourable §i gracious Bil unto you,fo long as hereye make abode 
 *' and remain. Cumil'tn in all his Oration throughout moved them much : but that part thereof 
 " touching religion (by report^ was moll effeckuall.But that which ftruck it dead,and put all out 
 "of doubtjwas a certain word that fell out to be fpoken fitly to the purpofe. Forat wartime as 
 ••theSenata while after was gathered together in the Court i/(!/?///Ve,to debate about thefe things 
 *' and certain companies of fouldiers chat returned from their guards, chanced in the meantime 
 *' to march through the market place, one Captain hapned to fpeak in xhtComithtm^ andfaid, 
 
 TV " Pitch down thy enfignflnndiYcL hearer ^ herewill be our befi abode. Which voice was not fo foon 
 *'heard,but both the Senat being come out of the Council Houfe, cried with one accord, That 
 *' they took that omen for good luck, and happy prefage: and alfo the Commons all gathered 
 « thereabout,approved the fame. After this, when the forefaid A£t of tranfmigration was once 
 *' clean dafhed and abolifhedjthe City began to be built confufedly .and without order. Tile was 
 "allowed at the common charges: to dig either ftone, or hew timber, every man had liberty 
 " where he could, putting in fureties.that within the compafs of that year they would finifli their 
 '* buildings. The hafte they made, caufed them to have no regard of drawing out the ftreets di- 
 " reftly, whiles every man built in the void places without re'pecl: of his own or other mens 
 " ground. Which is the Caufc that the out-finks and vaults which firll: were conveyed through 
 
 E"thecommon nreets,now run every where under mens houfes^andtheformofthe City feemcth 
 "as if it were built at random (as every mancould catch a place for himfeif) rat her than diltlndt- 
 " ly rangedjand fet out in good order unto them. 
 
 The Sixth Book 
 
 Of the Hiftories cfT. Livius of Padua, jfrow the Foundation 
 ^ of the City of Rome. 
 
 The Breviary of L. Fiona upon the Sixth Book. 
 
 IT coyitai»eththe fortanaterfars againflthe &qHians,theVol\ci.tns,iiyidTufcAns. Four Tribes wen 
 ^is/ifi^ fo f At/orwfr-,Stellatina Sa{)batina,Promentina,Arnierfis.M.Manlius, w/:ff/:^«;/ «;;.'/'; raWf/jtf 
 Capita.'! fro/rf. the Gauls-, whdis he dfcha.geth the debs of thofe th^t were i>i danger of thci- ctd'tors, 
 and rd^afedfuch as were then imfrijonedtvos coy.viEicd of ajpinug to be Kim, aiidtbroiVK d'-.ti-nfrom 
 the cl/ff Ta:peh. In whofe->'ep>oach a d' crccwos made by the Senate that m-ie of thehot'fi of Man- 
 Q,\\X[%{!niiiddbfurn(imedyiz'i(i\X%. C. Licinius, ^WL. Sextius, Tribunes of the Commnys, p: op' fed a 
 l/m., that Confuls alfo might ie chofen out of the Commons., who were created befarjfromamongt'oe 
 Noblesonlv. And nlheit the Senators withflood them with earnefi endcwour, yec by reafnr that for 
 fiveyears (furcethefameTribufie co>iti>7Urdiheo»ly Afa^i/tmtesof theCity-, they went rh^o'Sgh with 
 th/t lawMtidgotit cnacied. And L. Sextius was created t he firft Conful that ever wm of C^f 'noncrs, 
 A fecond Law there p.iffedlikewije^ Th.it no man mtght pojfcfs above five hmdred.wrcs ofla>id. 
 
 Whai
 
 178 
 
 The Sixth Boo\^of^, Livius, 
 
 TbcRecapi- 
 caUcion of the 
 former five 
 Books. 
 
 c*miBui b»te 
 the Diftjtor- 
 flii pa whole 
 year,which o- 
 iherwi(ew»s 
 lioiited within 
 fix months. 
 
 ^.Fabiusea- 
 diced. 
 
 Dlftn*! diies. 
 1 18 ofjitlj. 
 
 iiioijul). 
 
 The Sixth Boo\ of T. Livius. 
 
 H 
 
 WHatafts from the building of the City of Romewnto the taking of the fame, the 
 Romans have atchieved, firft, under the government of Kings, afterwards of 
 Confuls and di.*Vators,Decemvirs, and Tribunes Confular, as well in the wars a- 
 broad as feditions at home ; I have in five books declared. Matters obfcure,both 
 in rcard of exceeding antiquity^as things that a far off hardly be difcerned: ) and alfo for that in 
 thofe^daies there were very tew writings and monumentSjthe only faithful) fafegard,and true re- j 
 membrancers of deeds part: andbefides, whatfoever was regilired in the Commentaries of the 
 Priefts^and in other publike or privat records,the fame for the moft part,when the City was bu-r- 
 ned.periflied withal). But now from henceforward,their civill affairs of policy, and martiall ex- 
 ploits in war, enluing after a fecond beginning of the City ( asfpringing again with more frefli 
 (hoots and fruitfuU fprouts from the root of the old flock ) fhall be delivered in more plain and 
 certain manner. 
 
 And to bcin withall, look by whom the ftate firft was underpropped and fet upright, upon 
 him ( as chief and principall ) it ftiU bare and refted,and that \N^%MJuriiu : whom the Romans 
 would not fuffer to give up his Diftatorfhip before one year was fully expired. lAs for thofe Tri- 
 bunes ( Confular ) in time of whofe government the City was lo()^, they liked not that they k 
 (hould call and hold an affembly for Ele^ion of Magitirates the year following. So the matter 
 came to an Interreign. Now while the City was bufie in continual) work and labour, about 
 reedifyin^ and repairing their buildings, Q^ Vabim fo foon as he was out of his office, was by 
 C.A/<«r^/«j5a Tribune of the Commons arretted to make his anfwer at a day appointed. Who laid 
 to his charge, That he contrary to the Law of Nations, had tought againlf the Gauls, unto 
 whom he was fent in emb flage, and as an Orator only. But he avoided his judiciall criall,by his 
 death : and died lo juft againrt the time, that many men thought it was voluntary and wrought 
 byhisownhands.Tben P.Corw/wJ "^opjj firft entred upon the Interreign randafter him yl/.f«- 
 rim Camrlliis the fecond time. He created Tribunes Military in Confuls dxuhomy, A. Valerius Pub- 
 /zco/^ the fecond time, L .Virginim^I' .CornelimiA.Mm ImsiL.K^mylms^znd, L.PoJlhtimtUs. Thefe J, 
 men prefently after thelnterreign,were not fo foon entred into office,but before all other things, 
 they confuked with the Senat in matters concerning Religion and confcience. And firft of all 
 they commanded, that jII the inftruments of leagues and confederacies, the ordinances and 
 laws alfo''& thofe w ere the twelve tables & certain Statutes made by the Kings) fhould be fought 
 up as many as could be found cxt.int. Whereof fome were publifhed abroad, even amongft the 
 Common people : but fuch as pLrraired properly to holy Rices, and divine fervice, were Ijy the 
 Priefts and Prelates fnppreffed . elpeciaily, of purpofe to hold the minds of the people in a reve- 
 rent awe of re igion an ! devotion. Then began they toreafonand debate about the difmal dales. 
 And the fifteenth day before the * Calends of Angi^fi, fo notorious for a twofold lofs and over- 
 throw ; upon which day at Cremcra the Fahii were all flain, and after at Allia an unfortunate M 
 field was fought, even to the utrer ruin and defolation of theCicy, they named of the latter mif- 
 fortune, Albenfis : and fet this unlucky mark upon it, That it (hould be reputed unmeet and in- 
 convenient for any bu(ine)s,as well publike as private.Some think jbecaufe upon the next day fol- 
 lowing the * Ides of J///;, Sulp-t'ns the Tribune Military could not by facrifice find any tokens of 
 happylpeed, nor obtain the grace and favour of the gods ; whereupon three dales after^ the Ro- 
 man hoft fell fliamefully into the bands of the enemies : therefore, the morrow alfo after the Ides 
 was interdifted ,and men were commanded to forbear and abftain from doing facrihce: and there- 
 upon likewife,theday next following the Calends and the Nones,were by tradition held as omi- 
 nous and difmal! as the other. _ 
 
 But long they might not quietly fit about the devifing of means to reform the Common-weal, ^ 
 and fet it ilprighr. again after fo grievous and dangerous a fall. For of the one fide, the Volfcians, 
 their old enemies, took arms, intending the f^nall deftruftion of the Roman name. On the other 
 fide,the Merchants brought news,That the Princes and chief of all the Nations of Hetnma were 
 banded and confederate together in a Diet held at the Temple of Fo//^«w«rt, to make war upon 
 them. Befides a frefh and new fear came upon them by reafon of the rebellion of the Latines and 
 Hernicks, who afterthe battell at the pool Rcgillusjot thefpace almoft of an hundred years, had 
 continued faft in loyall league and amity with the people oiRome. Therefore being thus greatly 
 affrighted on every fide, that all the world might fee apparently that the State of Rome was not 
 only hated of her enemies .but defpifed alfo of her allies : it was thought good and refolvedup- 
 on,thatby his (iireftionandrule,theCommon*wealth {hould now he maintained and defended, q 
 by whofe condusff and guidance it was relieved and recovered : and that M, Furius Camillus 
 fhould be created Di6fator, He being declared Didator, T\:imcdQ, Servi/iur H. It for Generall 
 of the Horfemen. And having proclaimed a law-fleed (or vacation from Courts of Law J he 
 tookmufler of ail the younger fort and ferviceable men: but fo, as the elder people werenot 
 left out, n- many as were of ftrength fufficient for fervice. Unto whom he likevvife miniftred the 
 military oath of AlleageancCj and enrolled them by hundreds inthcmufterbook. When he 
 
 had
 
 The fixth Boo\ofY, Livius. 170 
 
 A had chus levied apowerof men, and furniflied them with armour, he divided them into three 
 parts. The one he oppoled againlt Harnria in the Country of Feij : another he commanded to 
 lie encamped before the City. Over thefe^i. Manlim a Tribune military was made Captain: 
 thofe which were lent againlt the Tufcans had Z/.e^^;;///^ for their Commander. A third part he 
 himleifled againil the Vollcians : and not far from L.iyitivium (the place is called Aii-Metium)\iz 
 began to aflauit their Camp. The enemies had put themfeh es on this their journey,wii!h a kind 
 ot fccrnfal contempt, as thinking the whole manhood in a manner of ^o^w?, was by the French 
 clean Ipent and waited. But when they heard once, thatCw/7/«^ was the Lord General,itflroke 
 fuch a fearandcerroiir among them, that they were glad to defend themfeh es by thedrengthof 
 
 P their tren:h and rampier, yea, and to fence it round about with huge-piled heaps of wood and 
 trees, that their enemies might have no paflagc to enter in upon their munitions. Which when 
 Carnillm perceived, he gave order to fet on fire that Barricade which flood in his way. And as 
 good hap was.the wind was big and highand blew fuliupon iheenemy.So that not only he made 
 way by fire, but alfo vviih the flames thereof that went toward the Camp, with the vapour like- 
 wile and fmoke,and the crackling nolle ot the green wocd, he fo am.ated Sc allonied the enemies, 
 that the Romans had lefs ado topafs the trench and pallifado, into the Camp of the VoUcians, 
 than insetting over the mound and enclofure confumed with fire.Having thus defeated and flairi 
 his enemies and won withall the Camp in the famebrunt,the Dictator gave the whole fpoile im- 
 tothe fouldiers: which to them was tomuch the more welcome.as they lefs hoped foritattheir 
 
 ^ General his hand.-who was never known to be laviOi ofgift,and over-liberal in dealing rewards, 
 
 ■ After this he followed them chat fled, in chace,wa(ied and forraged their whole country ..and at 
 length(b thefeventieth yearof thewar)hewholy fubdued the Volfcians,and forced them to yield 
 lubjedion.After this conqueftihe departed from thence again If the 7Equians,who likewife made 
 preparations for war. Their forces he furprifed and defeated at BoU^ and affailed not only their 
 Camp,but alfo forced the City^and at the hrft affault won both. 
 
 But whiles fortune fmiled thus, what way iozxzi Camillm wentjas being the only flay ofthe 
 Roman (tate : fo on another fide the fear of peril greatly encreafed. For the Tufcans well near all 
 up in arms, lay before S atrium-, and befteged it being in league w ith the people of Rome, Whofe 
 EmbafladourscameuntotheSenat to entreat for fuccour in their dillrels, and had a decree gran- 
 
 jj ted unto cbem, that the Dictator with all fpeed fliould rellue the Sutrlnes.But being fo flraightly 
 beleaonered; that they might not abide the delay of this their hope, for that the townfmen,who 
 were but few in number, were over-wearied with working,watching, and bloudy fghting, (all 
 which lay ftill upon the fame men without intermiffion)they were driven by compofition to fur- 
 renderuptheCity tothe enemies:and being difarmedand fent away with a 'ingle fuce of apparrel 
 (after a piteous fort ail a-rovv)deparced the town,& left their dwelling places .But fee, it fortuned 
 ihat(7.??w////z.f atthe fame time came in the very manner with the Roman Army and met them. Ac 
 whofe feet the multitude all forrowluUayproftrate: their Nobles and chief men in this extremi- 
 ty fe.lto befeech him to be good unto them. : the womeri and children which went along with 
 them, as partakers and companions of their exile, feconded them witli woful tears and lamenta- 
 
 p tions. But he willed theSutrinesto forbear their mourning plaints, and give over their dolefull 
 moan : faying that he brought the Tulcans heavy and weeping cheer.Tben caufed he his fouldiers 
 to lay downdieir packs and losd.the Sutrines likewife there to abide with a mean guardjand his 
 men to fqllow him with armour and weapons only. Thus marched he forward with his Army 
 liohcly appointed for ready expedition,and advanced before .S/</r;»»;.\Vnere,accordingto his ex- 
 peiiWicn, het'ound the enemies allcarelefsand recure(as commonly itfa'.leth outuponaprofpe- 
 rous fuccefs.) No warders, no <:orp/^e(r/.'<Ji/ quartered betore the walls, thegaces wide open, 
 the Conqiierours here and there faccking, rifling and flingingthe goods out of their enemies 
 houfes. So was5«trz»winone day twice won. The Tufcans (for all their former victory) were S/itmmn kj 
 hewn in peeces on every fide, by a new-come enemy. They hadnotimeto cafltheml'elves ^°" 
 p roundnor gather together into onepla^e,no, nor to take weapon inhand: whiles every man for 
 life, made in all hade to the gates, if haply any way they might efcape itito the fields. But when 
 they came thither, the gates they found fait fliut, for fo the Di6fatorh;d given order afore-hand. 
 Hereupon fome betook ihemfeKes totheir weapons: othersCmmely fuch as hapnedtobearmed 
 whenthis fuddentumult furprifed them) fell to call cheirfeliows together for to begin a skirmifh: 
 which no doubt in that defpcrate cafe of the enemies had been hotly fought, had not the Cri- 
 ers and Tr'imoets which were fent into all parts of theCity, made proclamation to lay down 
 their weapons', to fpare them which were unarmed, and that none fliould have any harm but 
 ihofethac were found inarms. Upon this, even they who in that extremity and defpairwere 
 fully bent to fight it out, for hope of life on all hands flung away their weapons : and thus difar- 
 
 Gmed as they vvere (for as the cafe flood, itwas the fafcrcourfe) pre Tented themfelves to the ene- 
 my. A "teat mimbct of them were bcflowed in feveral places,and were attended upon with good 
 guards'. And before night the town was delivered again unto the Sutfines,fafe and found without 
 any hurt at all done unto it, as being not won by force,but lunendred upon compofition. Canni- 
 /r/then returned with triumph inno the City of Rome, virtor atone voyage in three fundry 
 wars.Thegreatclx numbctby far, of prifoners,whomhe led before his thariotin triumph, were 
 Tufcans: whom he fold inpo;t-fale atthefpear, and railed fuch a fum of mony, that when he 
 
 had
 
 j8o 1 he Sixth Boo}^ofT,hWms , 
 
 had om otic repaid the dames [of /?o»;e] to the worch of their gold,there were ot the furplufa^e 
 thereof three bouls made of maffie gold: which with the title and infcription cfC<iw///a;* his 
 name, were for certainty, before the Capitol was burnt tobefeenin thechappellof Jw/j/rfrfet 
 up andbeliowedat theteet of J««<7. 
 
 The fame year, there were enfranchifed and made Citizens of i?9^wf5 fuchVeientians, Cape- 
 nates and FJlifci3ns,as in the timeof thofe wars were f^ed to the Romans : and for thefe new Ci- 
 tizens were certain lands fet out. Thofe alfojwho for idlenefs loath to build at Rome,\yeTe gone to 
 ^f», there to inhabit the vacant houfes, were by an A6t oftheSenat recalled home trom thence. 
 And they at the firft,grumbled & refufed to obey:but after that a day was let them & they threat- 
 ned upon pain of death to return again to Romt ; as llout as they were, and obrtinate all of them I 
 together now for fear every one became obedient. As Rome now increaied in number of" inhabi- 
 tants, and became well peopled : fo on all hands in every place they fell to building new edifices : 
 whiles the Common-wealth fomewhat eafed them of charges, and the Adiles by vertue of their 
 office called hard upon them>haBning them forward as to apublike worklyeajand every man pri- 
 Kme new vatelymade all fpeed pol!ible,according as each ones need required, to make an end and finifh his 
 built. own houfe.So as within the year the City was new built and Hood on foot again. 
 
 At the years end was the great Eledion held for Tribunes military in Confuls authority. 
 Wherein were created T. Qtur.tius Cmcinnatusi Q^. ServilmsFtdera! \\\t^ii\\ time, J«/;>« Ta/^w, 
 L. Aquilius CorvHS;L.LticretiHs Tricipitims, Ser. Sulfitms Ruffm. One jrmy they fet out and led 
 againrt the i£quians,not to war with them ( for they granted themfelves conquered ) but upon K 
 meerfpightand deadly hatred,to walk all their borders utterly, and to leave them no power and 
 ftrenoth to enterprife any new rebellion. The other,into the territory oiTarcjuiKit, Where? two 
 towns of the Tufcans,Corf«o[<« and Conte>iebr.x;\y?.ie. by affault won and rafed. At Cortnofa was no 
 refitfance made.For the Romans furprifeJ them on a fudden,and at the firlt ftiout and imprelTion 
 they weremalkrsof it: The town wasfackedand burned. As for Co»ff«f^r<?, it endured the af- 
 fault for fome few dales: but the continual labour, flackingneither day nor night overcharged 
 them:vvheras the Roman Army divided into fix parcs.fought fixhours in their feveral turns round 
 one after the other. And the townfmen being but few, and thofe overtoiled, were fain without 
 any fapply,Hillto maintain frefh skirmiflies.Whereupon.atlaft they retreated back &c yielded.gi- 
 vin" the Romans leave to enter the City.The Tribunes were of mind and thought good,that the L 
 fpoil fhould be confifcat and go to the common treafury : but the commandment and proclamati* 
 on was more flack than their purpofe on that behalf. For whileft they lingred and protrafted 
 time, the fouldiers already had feifed in their prizes : and taken from them again without much 
 offence and hatred thebooty could notbe.In the fame yearjbecaufe the City (hould not flourifh 
 in private buildings only , the Capitol was alfo bulk otfquared afhler Itone : A piece of work even 
 in this fo glorious elkte, and magnificence of the City, to be had in price and elleemed excellent. 
 The Capitoll ^^^ now before this time,the Tribunes of the Commons, whiles ihe City was bufied about their 
 ftone° buildingSjbegan often to move for the La ws^^?-rt?-;<« ('about the divilion of the lands)in all their 
 
 aflembhes and fpeeches before the people. For to draw them, on and to fet forward their hope, 
 they prefentedunto them very often thePomptine Territory ^which then above all others,fopre- M 
 fently upon the fubduingand lubverfionofthe Volfcians by CamiHus^ \vas,no doubt, therightfull 
 pofldlion of the people of ^cwf.Complaints were made,that thofe grounds full ained much more 
 detriment and damage by the Nobility, than.they had received before trom the Volfcians. For 
 they/o long only as they were able to bear arms and maintain war,madc inrodes thither: but the 
 Noblemen forcibly entred andmadehavockinthepofleflionsof the common lands : and unlefs 
 ( before they had fet fure footing there, and got all into their hands^ a divifion were made, the 
 Commons fhould never enjoy one foot of ground there. Thefe Remonfkances of the Tribunes 
 little moved the Commons, both becau fete w of them relbrred to the common place of aflem- 
 blies whiles they plied their building: and alfo for that money was a way. and their purfes fo emp- 
 tied in the charges of v\orkmen, that they had little mind of holding thofe lands, which to (\oreN 
 and (\ock they were not able. 
 
 The City was now given much to their devotions and religions, and the rulers alfo fomewhat 
 
 fuperflitious upon their latecahmity: Infomuch as they minded to renew the Aufpicia [or thcfo- 
 
 lemnity of prefages taken by bird-flight] for fome errour fuppofed t herein : and therefore they a- 
 
 greed that the government fhould return to an Interreign. So there were Interregents one afuc , 
 
 The Temi>l; another A'f,A4M/insCapito/inas,Ser.Sf^/p;tit^sC^iwertfins^L,F'a!crif!s Potitut.Vaierirs at lengthheld 
 
 of A/^^jUcdi- the affembly for to eleii; Tribunes Militar>' in Confuls authority and created L. P.ifiriiu, Cn.Ser- 
 
 cKcd, (TifirL.JE'fiyl'usihc fecond time, L.L'cikius-, T.Falerius Publicoln the third time. Thefe prcfently 
 
 after the Interreign. began theirgovernmenr. Thatyear, the Temple of A/<jr.;vowedin the 
 
 Gauls war was dedicated by T.Qa/V//.'/ J, a Duumvir deputed for the executing of holy duties, q 
 
 Four new "fom Tribes of new Citiyens were now adjoyned StclLui>ia-,Pcr/ii<.tira S,.bhi^.ti,:a, Ar?!icnf:s . and 
 
 Tribesadjjy- thefemade np the number ofthe 25 Tribes. And now I,.5««w/«/ a Tribune of the Commons^vas 
 
 nedio/Ci)««. inhand withthe peopleingreater number aflembkd together, about thePomptine lands : and 
 
 moreendined they wee and forward to hearken after grounds-, than they had been afore. And 
 
 whereat; it was moved in the Scnat hou'e, to make war upon the Latines and theHernicks,,that 
 
 • .vas not followed, but put off to a further time: by reafon ofpreparationfor a greater war, 
 
 becau fe
 
 Thefixth Boo{ ofT, Li vius. 1 8 1 
 
 A. Hetrurta was already up m arms. And all was laid again upon Camdlus his fhoulders, who was 
 made Tribun Military with Coniuls authority, and had five other brethren in ofi.e joyncdunto 
 him Scr.CorneliHS Ai..lngi.ienjiSi Q. Serviluts Fider.M the hxth time, L, Q^inttus C tncyfitta'. ;*;■, L, 
 HoratitirPuhiUuh P. '^aleriu'. In thcbeginning of the year, the minds of men were turned clean 
 avvuyfrom thecareful legard they had otthe^lulcan war, by realbn that a number o.peoplethac 
 fled out of thePompcine country, came all of a fudden in great halt to the City,and broi'gi.c word, 
 that the Annates- were up in arms , that the nations of the Latins had fent their able youth to 
 that war do'ely underhand, thereby difavowing it tobeany atf-^ion of the State. and Itanding up- 
 on this point, that by the covenant tliere wasuoprovii'cbut that voluntary fouldiers mightier e 
 
 j5 in what \v,irsfoever they would. Now hid the Rom:ns been wcil taught, andlearrcdito feciighc 
 no more by any wars. The Senat ther<i c-re thanked the Gods -, that ( amiHus was in place of go- 
 vernment, who ifhe had beenaprivac perfon.was no doubt to have been nominated andi:reated 
 Di,:^ator: yea, and his companions in office contefied frankiy that be was thecniymanto have 
 the foveraign and abfolute Regiment of Jili, in cafe there were any fenrful and dangeroii.-; vvar to- 
 ward : and were fully refoKed , to yeeld up ail their intereft in government unto him thiuA.ng ic 
 nodiiparagemenc at all unto them norany lofs of their own honour and reputation, in confer- 
 ring the fame uponthe Majefty of lo worthy a penon. TheSenat highly commended the Tri- 
 bunSj and Cj/^;///;t/ wasmii. h abalhed in hi; mind , howbeit he g^ethem hearty thanks, and 
 fpake in this wife. " A weighty burthen (quoth he) I fee is impoled upon me by the people of 
 
 (^' Rome, in that they have eledled and nominated me Di61:ator now the fourth time: a greater ^J^^ "a";^" 
 ''charge isenjoynedmeby theSenat: the whole (kte andbody of which order, hath delivered fo cl3ij//«j,ioliis 
 ''lingular good opinion and judgement of me: but the heavietf load ofallis laid upon me by the ccmpanions in 
 ''exceeding kindnefs and obfequioa-; benignity of theie my honourable brethren and coilegiies. govsrnment. 
 «' Ifany painful travel of mine therefore, and watchful care maybe redoubled, I wil earneftiy en- 
 *' deavour, I wil ftrain and Ifrive to anfwer thereunto : that the opinion which the City with fo 
 ''great conieot hath conceived of me, right as it is exceeding great, fo it may continue Hill and be 
 "perpetual. As tothatwar ofthe Antiats, there are more brags and threats than any danger 
 " and peril from thence. But as I would counfel and advife you to be afraid of no war, lo I would 
 " not have you to be carelefs and fecure of any. The City ot Rome is befec on every fide : partly 
 
 jj "envied, and partly hated ofher neighbour borderers. Need there is both of more Captains, and 
 "alfocf more armies, to manage the affairs of the Common- weal. I think it good therefore 
 '= (quoth he)0 /^^/^w*/, that you alTtlt me in government and counfel, end have the leading to- 
 •' gether with me of certain legions againfl the Antiat enemies. That you Q^crvilhss-,vi\x}[\ an- 
 <■'■ other army vvel appointed , andinreadinefs, lye encamped hard by theCity tide , ha> ing an 
 "eye and good regard, left either //t?>-«n./ inthemean while, (as oflatedayes) or the Latins and 
 "Hernicks (who trouble us now afrefhj break out and make fomerihng. Affured I am, that you 
 " wil behave your felf, and quit you in this ferviceib worthily, as m^yanfvver the famous me- 
 *' mory of fuch a father and grjndfire as you have had , may befeem your own honourable per- 
 "fon, and thole fix Tribunfhips which you have already performed. A^^io: L. O^iim ins-, lee 
 
 E ''him leavy a third power of men, confining of thole that areby rcUbnoffi-knefs or otherwife 
 " excufed for warfare, and are above the ordinary age for military fcrvice, to be in liead of a gari- 
 " fonfor defence of the City and the Walls. Let L. f/ir^f i ; j pro v ide harnefsj vveapons,corn,ind 
 " other nc' effaries for war, at all occalions whatfoever. Finally, O Scrtints Cornelnys-, we your fel- 
 " low Tribuns, ordain you Prefident of this publick Councel, the CkJIos and keeper ofReligion 
 " and Chur.h-matters,ofgenerala(Temblies,ot the Laws and all other civil a fi-airs of policy whar- 
 " foever. Now when they had all made promife, and that moft willingly to do their endea- 
 vour in performing their levetal charges, Valerius whom he had joyned with himfelf in commif- 
 (ion, added moreover and faid, That as he would take AI. Furhts to be Dii^ator, fo would he 
 be unto him again in flead of his Coronelof Horfemcn- And turning to the Lords oftheSe- 
 F nat, exhorted them, that what opinion they had of one only Soveraign General, thefamehope 
 they would conceive of the v\hole war. The Senator; hereat took great joy and content- 
 ment, giving out willingly with one accord , that they hoped exceeding vvcl of war, of peace, 
 and generally of the State. Neither fhall the Common-weal ('fay they ) everftandinneed of 
 Didlator, fo lone: as fuch Migiftracsbe in place, fo jointly agreeing in onemind together, fo in- 
 different and ready as well to obey as to rule, and rather yeelding their proper praile to the ho- 
 nour of the Common- weal, than difmembringand plucking from it to their private glory and re- 
 putation. 
 
 After a Vacation or Law-fked proclaimed = and the Muflers taken and paft: F anus and Kle^ 
 rius fet forward to StrcHK!: whithertl.e Antiats had not only lent the flour of all the Volfci, 
 Q the choice youtli out of a frefli fry and new generation ; but alfo had raifed a mighty power of 
 Latins and He' ni':ks, out of thole Nuions that by long peace were moft frefli and lufty. Tbefe 
 new enemies mi old thus combined to'^ether, rrnu')led the minde of the Roman fouldier, 
 andm.idehimtoHarc'e. Which when : he Centurions reported to C.;»« //.<i, as he was Marllial- 
 i ling and icriino his battels in array ; and that in thefe terms ; to wit, that the hearts of his ibul- 
 dicrsweredifquiered anddifmayed, t hat they took themfelves but flowly to their weapons, made 
 flaying and idling when they fhould come forth ofiheir tents, yea, and that there were fome of 
 them overheard to fay, that, They muff fight one to an hundredjsnd that lo great a multitude of 
 
 R. theic
 
 [82 
 
 The fixtb Book^of T. Livius. 
 
 TTie Of »tion 
 of M. Vurm 
 CamiUui co his 
 foaldicrs. 
 
 Satricum won, 
 
 their enemies (if they were unarmed) might hardlybe encountred much lefs being lb wellarmed jj 
 and appointed : he mounted prefently upon Horieback, and rode before the enligns, and then 
 turning himfelf afront his army, traverling between the ranks and anaies ; "What hea.inels is 
 " this my ibuldiers (quoth he) what means this Hrange and unwonted lagging behind ? Why? 
 "Know ye not your enemy ? Know ye not me? Or, know ye not your own felves ? The enemy, 
 *' what is he elle but the perpetual matter and fubjeft of your valour and glory ? And ye again are 
 '' the men, who under my conduit (to fay nothing of the winning of FaUrii and Veii-^ and of the 
 '^ flau"htcr of the Ganls Legions, put to the fword by us,even when onr native City was by them 
 *' taken-,and they mafters thereof) of late, and but the other day, made a three-fold triumph , upon 
 *< a triple victory -over the fame Volfcians, j£quians and people ot Hetruria. What, do ye not j 
 «' agnize and accept me for your General, becaufenot asDi6>ator, butasTribun, I gave you the 
 *' watchword, and put out the banner of battel? For mine own part, I (land not much upon ab- 
 ^'folute and foveraign command over you: no more likewifefliould ye regard ought elfe in me, 
 ^Tjuc mine own felf. For never yet did my Diitacorfhip make me hauty and fet me up aloft, no 
 "more than my banifhment abated my courage and calt me down. We are the fame menlUll all 
 « of us : and fmce we are come to this war, turnifhed with the fame means that we carried with 
 "usunto theformer, let us look for the fame event of our fervice-and no worfe. Soloonasye 
 *' fliall encounter and joyn battel with them, perform each one that which he hath been taught 
 *' and wonted to :the journey furely will be ours,and they (no donbt) fhall run away.Then after 
 *' he had founded the battel, healighteth from his Horfe, and caught theenfign-bearer that flood K 
 next him, with his hand. haled him forward againrt the face of the enemy,crying very otcen aloud, 
 Onaforewith thy banner.Port-en(ign,and advance forward, fouldier. When they fa w. that C.z- 
 millus in perfon a man wellftept in years^and thereby weak to perform the parts of bodily tlrength, 
 put himfelf forth againlt the enemy : all at once they prefied forward , kt up an outcry and fhout- 
 ed,every mancallingupon his next fellow, co follow their General forfliame. Over andbefideS} 
 ibme fay that by the commandment of C<j»«///«x, there was an enfign flung into the very battel 
 among the enemies. Whereupon they of the forefront, beflirred themfeivesluHily to recover it 
 floain. And thereby were the Antiatesfirftdifcomfited, and the fearnot only carne upon them 
 in the vanguard , but entred alfo and reached as far as the rereward, that flood ready for fupply. 
 And as the violent force of the fouldiers, prov oked by the prefence of their Captain- much trou- L 
 bled the enemy : fo nothing more daunted the hearts of the Volfcians, than the very fight of Ca- 
 i»///«rbimfelf, when chey chanced to efpie him. So furely carried he the viAory with him,which 
 way foever he went ! ^nd that appeared mofl evidently in this, That when he faw the left wing 
 atthe point cogivebackaodrun-'way, he took himfelf in all haft to his Horfe, rode thither with 
 hisli^ht footmans buckler,3nd with his only prefence renewed the fightjAie wing unto them how 
 the reflofthe battel had '.he better. Now were the enemies pucto the worft, and the viftory en- 
 dined to a fide. But their multitudeboth hindred themfelves in their flight: and alfo a longpeece 
 of work the wearied fouldiers of the Romans had to put fo great a number, alho the fword. But 
 behold , there fell a great tempeft of rain all of a fudden , which povvred down with fo mighty 
 winds and florms , that it rather put them by the execution of aflured viftory -, than parted any M 
 battel or flayed the fi;-ht. VVhereupon the retreat was founded : rnd then';^h:enfuing> whil.^s 
 the Romans were at reft,madeanend of the war. For the Latins andHernicksforfookthe Volf- 
 cians and departed home, with as ill fpeed, as their enterprifc was bad. The Volicians feeing 
 themfelves abandoned and left in the lurch by them, (upon whofe truft and confiden.e they hacl 
 rebelled; quit the camp and field, and put themfelves within the walls of ^A^r.-r.'.-w ; whomC^- 
 millns*^i fii-fl began to befiege 5 cafling a trench and rampier about them , raifing baftillonsand 
 plat-form^; agairfl the Town. And feeing his munitions and fabriik^bynofallyingforthofthe 
 enemies impeached he fuppofed there was no fuch courage in them, th?.t he fhould need toftand 
 fo lon^ about the hopeofvidlory : and thereupon , encouraged his men not to wear themfelves 
 out in a tediou- and toilful piece offervice as if they lay at the fiegeofre;/ : afiuring them that the N 
 victory was in their hands already : and fb with exceeding checrfulnefs of his fouldiers, he fet lad- 
 ders upon every fde fcaled the waLs, and entred the Town. Then the Volfcians flimg away their 
 weapons and yeelded themfelves. 
 
 But the General his mind was bent upon a greater exploit, and that was the winning o^Anti- 
 um, beint;the feat Town of the Volfcians. and from whence the beginning of the laft wararofe. 
 Howbeit becaufe fo ftrongaCitymightnotbe won without great preparation of artillery, ordi- 
 nan;e?i engins of battery leaving his collegue behind him with the armyhe went himfelf toiJowf, 
 to perfwade with the Senat.for todeflroy and rafe Jfstiummttr'.y. And whiles he was emparling 
 with them ^fuch was the will of God Ibelieve.that Amium fliould ftand flill & continue longer) 
 there came EmbafQdors from Nepet and Sittrium.criviv^ aid againfl the Tn'cans, faying : That it o 
 was more than high iime,that they were fuccoured and relieved. Upon which occafion it fell out, 
 thatC'(w/7/.-.f was withdrawn thither from v4;;r//^w. For feeing that thofe two Towns flood even 
 againft TJctrirnM^ it were the v^ry keyes and bar-gates fiom thenre: borh the enemies laboured 
 tog- in them afore- hand, againft the time that they went about to make new wars; & the Romans 
 alfo held ir a matter of great confequence,to refcue and defend thofe frontier Towns. The Senac 
 thereiore thought good to be in hand with CamillMs , for to leave Antmm-, and to undertake the 
 war with theTufcans. . The City-legions under General j^/»?iwj were appointed unto him. 
 
 And
 
 Thejzxtb Boof{ ofT, Li vius. 182 
 
 snniimrttc-' 
 
 A And albeit, he rather would have had the leading of that army , which lay now in the VoHcians 
 Country, and which he had good iryalot,and were acquainted better with his government, yet 
 reiufed he nothing : only he required to have l^'ateruu his ailociat dill-, and joyned with him in 
 commiirion. So i^mntnts and Horatms were fenc to lucceed VnUrttti in ttie Volltian war, Fa- 
 n lis znd Valerias took their voyage from the City to i'«r»-/««;, and found the one hde of the 
 Townpoftefled already by theTukans. On the other fide, the Townfmen, for that tht enemy 
 hadllopped all paifages becweenj hardly able to repel the force of the alTaiiants. Bi-t thecommg 
 of the Roman aids, and thenamebel;desofC^'?;///«/, (fo highly rtnown^'d as well amongli the 
 enemies as Allies^ both for the prefcnt gave them heart to abide the bninc, anddi.k to it Hill that 
 
 £ were before at the point to give o^er: and ajfo gained time and refpit to? omein With :tti['i fup- 
 plies and fuccours, C^miihis therefore divided his forces, and gave direi-^ion to his coiieg'^e, tor 
 to bring about his power , to that fide which the enemies bed , and there to make an dilault: 
 not fo much lor any hope he had by fcalirg the walls to win the City ; as by witndravving the ene- 
 mies thither, not only to eafe the Townfmen ot their toil, and give them a breathing time ( »vho 
 were now wearied with afiaults) butalfo toget himfelffome opportunity and vantage, to enter 
 the City without skirmifli and reliflance. Which being put in execution on both hands accor- 
 dingly, and performed at once : the Tufcanes befet with a two-fold fear round about, leeingthe veicd'.' 
 walls aflailed molt fiercely one way : and theenemygot within the Town another way : Hung 
 out at one gate (whichasit hapned wasnotbefet^ and in great haft all together fought to efcape 
 
 (^ away. But as they fled, they were flain by heaps both within the Town and >.broad all over the 
 fields. The greater number were killed within the walls by F«n«/hisfouldiers. VrJe ins Wis 
 men were more ready and nimble in the chafe, and gave not over the execution until the night 
 came, that they could noc fee and difcern them. 
 
 When Sntrium was thus recovered and reftored again to their allies they led forward the army 
 to 7Vfp«: which Town the Tufcans held wholly, as furrendredalready into their hands. Every 
 man thought it would be a bufie peece of work to win that City again : not in this regard only, 
 that it was fully in the enemies poffeflion, but alio becaufe fome ot the Nepefins, by treafon had 
 yeelded it up. Howbeit, they rei'olved to fend unto the heads and principal citizens, that they 
 fhould fever themfeh es from the-Tufcans, and perform on their behalf trufty and faithful loyalty, 
 
 J) like as they had craved and befought at the Romans hands their friendly help and protedion. 
 From whom they received this anfwer again , That it lay not now in them to do anything at all, 
 for that the Tufcans kept the walls , and warded the gates. Whereupon they firlt terrified and 
 feared the Townfmen with foraging and fpoiling their territory : after that, feeing they made 
 more reckoning of keeping their faithful loya'ty to their enemies unto whom they had lately fur- 
 rendred,than obfening the league with their friends, which they had long before concluded; they 
 provided themfelves outofthefieldsofa number of faggots, of brufhwood,and fuvh liketroufs, 
 and fo approached the Cii;y with the army filled up the ditches clofe to the walls, let ladders to, 
 and at ihefirlf fhout and aflault given; the Town was taken. Then proclamation was made,thac ^epctnUn^ 
 all the NepehneslTiould part with their armour and weapons, and fomany as were found unarm- 
 
 E edjfhou d be fpared. But the Tufcans,as well armed as unarmed were put to the fwoid c\ ery one. 
 As for the chief authors that perfwaded theNepefmes ro defiver the Town to the enemies, they 
 were beheaded. The harmlefs multitude had their good.; redored, and lb the Town was left with 
 agarrifon. Thus the twoTribuns (Confular) having regained out oftheenemies hands two con- 
 federat Cities, returned in great glory to ivowf with their viftorious army. 
 
 The fame year the Latins and Hernicks were required to make amends for harms done, and re- 
 ftitution of goods wrongfully detained : and the caufe demanded why of late years, according to 
 a covenant in that behalf provided they had let forth no fouldiers to the Romans wars, Anfwec 
 from both Nations in their folemnCoun. els was returned: "That neither the £jult was general, j. ^ ^ 
 
 " nor proceeding from counlel of the State in ca'e fome of their youth ferved under the Volfcians: ,he Laiins and 
 
 F '' andyetthem'elves had welipayd already for their lewd and rafli pro je6ls , in that not one of Hemicts. 
 "them was come home alive. Andas to the not lending forth of fouldiers, the caufe was, for 
 "that they were in coniinual fear and danger ofthe Volfcians: which noifome plague (as it 
 "were) flicking fo clofeunto their fides, un.efs they could be rid of, notvvithftandirg fomany 
 "wars one in the neck of another. When relation hereof was made unto the Lords of the 
 Senat, they thought fo well of their anfwer and excufes, thn they deemed they had quarrel and 
 occafiongood enough to war upon them, if they might ha\e had while and time as well to tol- 
 low it. 
 
 In the yeaif following, when y4. M^^fiUus-, P.ComeliHs-, Titus and Lucius Quii^titis^ both Cetpito- 
 lini^ and L.PapirittsC-rfor the fv^cond time, were Tribuns Confular, there arofe a grievous war 
 
 Q abroad, and a more dangerous fcdition brake forth at home. The war, from the Volfcians , ban- 
 ded with the Latins and Hernicks, that were fallen away and revolted. The fedition (where it 
 was leaf! feared) from aperfona;:e of noble linage defccnded , of great name and reputation, /W', 
 Manltus C,:pitoli)ius. Who being a man of too lofty and hauty a minde, defpifed m\ other of 
 the Nobility, and envied one above the reft, M. Fnrius, fo fingular , as well in regard of his ho- ^ nt'^^^n°"~f 
 nourable dignities , as his worthy parts and commend-ible vertues. He could not brook and a/.a/m/w, 
 endure , that he only fiiouldeverhe Lord Genera! in the field : who now was exalted fo high imending is» 
 above others,ihat even thole who were created with him in equal authority,he accounted not as dWioa. 
 
 R 2 his
 
 184 ^^^ fi^^^ Book^of T. Livius. 
 
 his peers and fellows, buc employed as his Miniliers and Servitors. " Whereas (quoth he)ifi, 
 " men would weigh aright, and duly confider every thing, M. FnriKs could never have delivered 
 '' hisCouutrylrom the I:ege of the enemies, had not the Capitol and CaRlecliff been laved by 
 " me atcre, f<Tw/ft/j let upon the Gauls, when they were amufed in receiving their gold, when 
 '' they were upon. terms of peace, and their hearts quiet and fecure : whereas my felt chafed them 
 " away whiles they were in arms, and at the point to win theCafHc Hill. In that exploit otC<»- 
 '■'■ mi'dm the iouldiers., had each one his fhare proporticnably of the glory, who together with 
 ''•him did their parts: but in the fervice performed by me, no earthly creature was fellow and 
 " partner with me. With thefe conceits he fed his own humour, and puffed up his proud fpirit, 
 being withal by corrupt difpolition of nature, hot and hafty, arrogant and inlolent. Difcontented j 
 bei.des, that of the Nobility, hisgiitsandqualities were not efteemed of that worth, asinhis 
 own judgement they deferved: firft,ofa Senator he became popular, and began to break his mind, 
 andimparthis dehgos unto the Magirtrats of the Commons: finding fault with theNobirity,and 
 complaining ofthem : follicitino and inveisUn^ the Commons, tocaft aliking and favour toward 
 himfelf: carried away with the vain gale ot the peoples opinion: not guided by fage counleland 
 difcretion: and in one word , chufing rather to be of great name , than of good and honell re- 
 port. And not contenting himfelf to deal in the Laws Agrarit, , about the divifion of Lands, 
 which had alwayes minilfred to the Tribuns of the Commons matter enough of mutinies andfe- 
 ditions ; he began to intermeddle between the debtors and their creditors,and to overthrow all 
 keeping of credir. And indeed , deep debts are (liarp goads , and prick fhrewdly : ehreatning Yi* 
 not only poverty andfhame, but alfoterrifying the bodies of free men with hard imprifotMnent, 
 little eare,and Irons. Now there were exceeding many far in debt (a thing molt dangerousand 
 hurtful to mens liate) even of the richer fort , by reafon of their great expenfes defrayed in buil- 
 ding. The war therefore of the Volfcians , which was it felf of great importance, but much 
 more, in regard of the Latins and Hemicks Rebellion withal, was in fhew pretended, as a caufe 
 lofeekfcr to have amorefoveraignandabfolutepowerto govern the State : but in truth, thefc 
 new defignments and plots oi Manli%u , rather than the war, forced the Senat to creac a Difta- 
 tor. And A. Cornelius Coff us being created, nominated for his General of Horfe, T. Qt*ititiHsCfi' 
 pitclifiHs. The Did^ator , albeit he faw a greater contention toward, at home than abroad , y€t 
 (were it that the war required fome fpeedy expedition , or becaufe by viiilory and triumph , he 
 thought to make his Didatorfhip more mighty and powerful) he took mufters, and fet forward 
 into the Pomptine Land, into which parts he had intelligence, that the Volfcians had proclaim- 
 ed their forces, to repair. 
 A diff (H ^ doubt not, but they that read in fo many books already, of thefe continual wars fought with 
 
 of the author, ^^e Volfcian?, belides their tedious fatiety of reading, will mufe alfo at this ^which to my felf was 
 likewife a wonder, when I petufed the writers that lived neer about the times of thefe a£ts) how 
 thefe Volfcians and ifiquians, fo often vanquifhed and defeated , were furnifl-ied with fupply of 
 fouldiers to maintain their wars. But feeing by the ancient Chroniclers it hath been overpafled 
 with rilenre,what fnould I alledge-^but only mine own opinion and bare conjefture, which every 
 man hath liberty to put in forhimfelf ? Likely it is, that either between the times of wars(as now y^ 
 we fee in the Roman muflers) they ufed to breed up one fupply under another, of the younger 
 fort to the maintenance and renuing fo oftentimes of their war : or that their armies were not al- 
 wayes levied out of the fame States.,albeit the wars go under the name of one and the felf- fame na- 
 tion : or that tbo'e countries yeelded in thofe dayes an infinit number of freemen,which now are 
 well near waif and defart but for fome Roman flaves,which keep thofe parts yet from being void 
 and difp:opled,as having but a very fmall feminary, or none at all, left, of ferviceable fouldiers. 
 
 Ccnainly J the Volf.ians army, as ail authors agree, was very great at this time : albeit of late 
 dayes by the leadinsand condufl oiCamillus they were fore weakned , and their llrength much 
 abated. Belides, there were with them infield, the Latins and Hernicks, fome of the Circeians- 
 and other Coloners from l^elnr^. The Roman Dictator having that day pitched his camp, and N 
 the next morrow come abroad widi happy tokens cf good fpeed from the Birds : having alfo 
 flain a facrifice, and procured thereby the favour and grace of the Gods, in joyous manner fhew- 
 ed himfelf unto his fouldiers : who according as they were commanded, were ready early in the 
 The 0,:ii.n morning, by break ofdayinarms, attending the found of Trumpet for barrel. The day is ours 
 cl?! Diaa-** (^i^*^^^ ^c) "^y valorous fou.'dier3,ifeitber the Gods or their Prophets can foretel future events. 
 u'ro hisfoul- "Thereforeasrefolut mcnofafliiredhope, and fuch as fhali encounter with farmeaner than our 
 «iicis. " felves, pitch we our javelins down at our feer, and draw cur fwords only. Neither would I 
 
 "have you to run out ot the main battel, and to give the charge, but to keep yonr ground , to 
 '•ftand HedfaR,and abide the firii Hiock of the enemy. And when they have Tpent their volley of 
 '• fliot in vain, andlhall with full force come upon you as you Ifandjihenbrandilli your fwords, q 
 " and let them glitter in their eye^and think every man of the Gods, that they will help the Ro- 
 *'m?ns. The Gods I lay, which in happy hour, by the lucky approbation of their Birds, have 
 '■ Tent us into the field to fight. And as for you , O Q^.in'inHs , keep your Horfemen dole to- 
 "gethcr, marking advifedly the firft beginning of the skirmifh : and when you fee the battels 
 ' buckle togethcrpell-mellj and come to hand-(trokes, whiles they are bufied and occupied one 
 way, frii^ht them another way with your Horfemen, rideamong their ranks as they fight , and 
 break their arraies. Tbui fought both Horfe and Foot according to his direilion. And 
 
 as
 
 Thefixth Boo{ ofT. Li vius. 1 8 5 
 
 A as the legions wanted not a worthy Captain, no more miffed the Captain of happy fpeed. The 
 multitude of the enemies trotting upon nothing but their own number, which they meafured 
 and compared together only by their eye, interviewing both the one army and the other, rafhly 
 gave battel, and as rafhly gaveoier again. In fhout only and fliot lliewing themfeUes hoc and 
 eager at the firtt encounter : but were not able to abide the fword-fight , the clohng together foot 
 tofoot, and thefiry countenance of their enemies, which for tlie very heat of their courage, 
 rhined and glittered fully in their eyes. So the forefront being put back, a fear came upon them 
 likewife,that ttood behind for fupply, and withal, the Horfemen for their p.irts fee to and fought 
 mott tertibly.Whereupon the ranks of the enemies in fundry places were broken, and all fet out of 
 
 •Q order, fo as their battalions leemed to flote and wave up and down to and fro, in fuipen.e whe- 
 ther to fight or flye. Afterwards, when they faw the formott fmitten down and ttain,ancl every one 
 thought no other but his own turn was next to be killed, they turned their backs and fled. The 
 Romans came forward ttill and chafed them. And fo long as they went their way armed and thick 
 hudied together.it was the footmens work to purfue them: but when it was perceived once,that 
 theyflungaway their weapons on all hands, and that the enemies army fled difperfed ail abroad 
 in the fields: then were the troups of Horfemen fet out after them, with this caveat and charge, 
 to make no ttay and forlet the time,by killing them one by one, and fo to give the mam multitude 
 of them in the mean while fnfficientrefpit to efcape: but that they fbould content themielves, 
 only to let flye fomefhotamongttthem, and by fearing them to hinder their running: and vvhen 
 
 C they were ridden beyond, to crofs uponthem andttayttiem, until thefootmen might overtake 
 them. flay them down right and make an hand of them clean. Thus fled they, and thus were they 
 followed in chafe until night. The very lame day was the Volfcians camp taken and ranfacked;and j. ^ .j. . _ ^ 
 the whole pillage, befides the bodies of tree men^was given unto the louldier^. The greatett pare defeated, 
 oftheprifoners were Hernicks and Latins: and thofe not of the common fort, and fuch as might 
 be thought to have ferved for pay : but there werefound among them certain young Gentlemen 
 of good mark, a plain proof and evidence, chat the Volfcian enemies had aid from thence by the 
 publickand general warrant of the State. There were known alfo to be among them fome of the 
 Circeians; yea,andceruin of the Veliterne colony likewife. All of them were fcnt to Rome.Whe^c 
 beingexaminedbefore the chief of the Senators, they confefled every one in plain terms, the re- 
 
 n volting of their own Nation, like as chey had before bewrayed it unco che Dictator. The Didator 
 ftill kept his forces together within the ttanding camp, making nodoubt, but that the rulers and 
 Senators oiRome would determine to war upon thofe countries. 
 
 But even at that time a greater heap of troubles which arofe at home, caufedhim tobe fenc 
 for to Rome, by occafion of a fedition which grew daily more and more: and by reafonof the 
 Author thereof (z man of quality and note) was more feared than any ufually had been afore 
 time. For now by this, had yl/. iW^^»/«« not by fpeeches only, but by plain deeds alfo, (which in 
 outward fliew Teemed popular and plaufible) fhevved evidently upon what rroublefome and tu- 
 multuous fpii it all proceeded. Forfeeingupon atime a Centurion, of good worth for hLfenice 
 in war, condemned in an aiVion of debt, and upon an execution of judgement carried to prifon : 
 
 E hein the mids of the F(?r«»/ , came running unto him with a rout and crew of his followers and 
 retinue, laid hand on him, and took him perforce from the officers : and after he had given ouc 
 fome words aloud touching the pride ofthe Senators, the cruelty of the ufurers, the calamities of 
 the Commons, the valour and prefent dittrefs of the party ; Marry then ( quoth he ) have I 
 done a great deed, to no purpofe , in favibg the Capitol and the Cattle wich this right hand of 
 mine, if I could abide to fee my fellow fouldier (as if he were taken prifoner ofthe Gauls by way 
 of conquert ) had away into bondage and captivity , and laid up fatt in gyves and fetter.^. And 
 therewith openly in fight ofall the people paid the whole debt downright on the nail , unto the 
 creditor: and fo after the ufual and folemn ceremony by a brafen peece of coin and the billance, 
 he fet him at liberty out ofthe creditor his hands, and let him go at large ; " Who prayed hear- ^|,g rrutiaouc 
 
 F "tily toGodand man, forto requite accordingly ^. ^4,2//..-/ his only deliverer, and the very fpecchcsofa" 
 ^ " patronand proteftor ofthe Commons of Rome, And when he was oncegot into thatunruly Ccntmion. 
 ,' " and fediiiou'^ throng, he prefently himfelffet all a madding, fliewing the fears of his wounds 
 *' received "in the Veientians and Gauls wars , and in other fervices one after another: faying, 
 " That whiles he thusfollowed fouldiery, and rebuilded his hoiife that was dettroyed, he became 
 *' indebted, and that fo deeply (by reafon that the interettalvvayes overgrew the principal, which 
 " he by that means had paid and paid again)that he was not able to creep out ofthe ulurcrs look, 
 *' but was plunged therein over head and ears, And now behold ('quoth he; by the onlygood- 
 " nette of Af. Manlius , I have the liberty sgai'fi to fee the light of the Sun, to behold the Com- 
 *'mon place, to look my neighbours and tellow citizens in the face: at his hands I acknowledge 
 ; " to have received all che benefits that mine own parents could give me : unto him I vow what- 
 " focver ii! me is left, and in his quarrel to fpend that little life and blood whichremalneth in my 
 "body: and in one word look what priviledge I may injoy in right of my country, and in the 
 'communion ofthe Gods, publiek or private, the fame do I impart and communicate wich thac 
 "■one man. By thcfefpeeches the Commons were fet on and pricked forward mightily as wholly 
 devoted unto one perfon ; and who but yl-f-W/.'^ now in every mans mouth ? And prefently in 
 the nick he entred into another ai'^ion that tended more etfeflually to mar all quite, and to fet, 
 every thing out of order. His Land in theterritory of re/i, which was the chief and capital 
 
 R 3 Manof
 
 j86 The fixtb Boo{of T. Livius. 
 
 Manor of his inheritance, even the faireft flower of his garland, he fee upon fale, caufmg it openly j^ 
 to be cryed i and faid vviihal, I will not O Qttiritcs, lb long as I have one toot of ground, or any 
 thing elle left, lee one ot you condemned and upon execution carryed to prifon. 1 his fet them fo 
 a riote, that they were ready, as it leemed, lotbUow him as the only prote6lor of their liberties, 
 in any a6tion, were it right or wrong, they cared not which way, all was one with them. Be- 
 fides,at home in his own houl'e.he fpared not to call out flandrous fpeeches againft the Senators, 
 as if he had been at the open Crols, making Orations. Amongrt which, without allregard whe- 
 ther he Ipake true or falfe, he let fall thefe words , "That the Senators kept in fecret certain hid- 
 *'den trealnres ofthe Gauls gold, and were not now contented to hold inpofleflion thecom- 
 " mon grounds, but they would alfoembezle the treafure publick, which if it cameabroad, the I 
 " Commons mighc foon be acquit and difcharged of their debts. This gap beiiig once laid open, 
 and this light given the people, they thought Cye may be lure) an unworthy indignity, that when 
 there was gold to be levied for redemption ofthe City out of theGauls hands, itthen fhould be 
 gathered by a general contribution of all : and the fame gold, now recovered from the enemies, 
 fliould be as a prey in the clutches of a few. Therefore they followed inftantly upon him and 
 were very e^rneft to know, where fo great a malfeofmony andfloln good was hidden. But when 
 he polled them off, and faid he would in due time difclofe all : they werenot content, but fetting 
 all other matters apart, their whole care was employed about this buhnefs, and nothing elfe. So 
 as it plainly appeared that neither he fliould reap a mean thank if he reported a truth, nor incur a 
 fmall offence and difpleafure, in cafe he told a falfe tale. K 
 
 Things hanging thus in thefe doubtful terms, the Di£tator who was fent for, returned from the 
 army into the City. The nextday heaffembledthe Senat : and after he had throughly founded 
 and felt the minds of them, that were there met, he commanded the Senators not to depart from 
 him : and affiled as he was with thatcompany,he caufed the Ivory chair of eftate to be fet in the 
 Comitinm Or common Hall, and fent a ferjeant for M. Manlim. Who being thus peremptorily 
 fummoned by the Di6lators exprefscommandment;gave warning by a token to his complices and 
 favourits, that there was a broil and fray toward : and with a mighty retinufe of his followers, he 
 prefented himfelf before the Tribunal. On the one fide , flood the Senators , on the other the 
 Commons: either part beholding their Captain, as it were in a pight field ready to joyn battel. 
 Tie rpeechof Then after filence made, " Would to God (quoth the Diftator unto t^.j»//«j-) I and the Sena- ] 
 '^'^"rlT " ^°^^ oiRome-, might in all other things fort as well with the Commons, as I am aflured, we fliall 
 fofwAXAi^M- "agree all together about thee, and the matter which I fliall ask and demand of thee. Ifeethou 
 im, ' " hlft put the City in fome good hope , that by the Gauls treafure which the principal and chief 
 « " ofthe Senators detain with ihemfecretly hidden, all men may keep their credit, and fully pay and 
 
 " difcharge their debts. Which Iformypart, fo God me help, am fo far from hindring, that con- 
 " trary-wife I would exhort thee, O ■^. Manlius, to eafe the Commons of Rome ofthe uiurers 
 "book: todifcover ibefe fellows and make them known, that gape fo greedily after the common 
 " treafure, andtodifappointthem, andcurn them out of this their privy booty. Which if thou 
 " do not effeil; either for that thy felt wouldft have a fleece with them, or elfebecaufe it is but 
 " a forced tale that thou haft made of thine own fingers ends I will not fail, but commit thee M 
 '■■towaid, and fuffer no longer the multitude upon a vain and deceitful hope, thus by thee to be 
 TheJiifwcrof " abufedand difquietcd. To this,^<«»/;«/madeanfwerand faid. "I was nothing deceived buc 
 M»nliMio\\\c a v^i(^ well enough, that a Diftator was created not againft the Vollcians,vvho are enemies (for* 
 DiSator. j. footh) fo oft as our great Matters think it for their purpofe : nor againft the Latins and Hernicks, 
 " whom they drive and provoke to rebellion by falfe and forged furmifes : but againft my felf and 
 " the Commons of Rame. Fornowlfee well,thattheDi£lator profefleth tomaintainand bear 
 •^ out the Ufurers againft the Commons : and that againft my felf, for the favour that the multi- 
 " tude beareth unto me , there is matter devifed to charge me withal , and toprocure my utter 
 <' ruin and overthrow. Doth it offend and grieve you indeed, O A.ComeliusiZnA you my Lords 
 " ot t he Senat , that the people thus ftand about me on every fide ? Why do not ye every man for N 
 "his part, by your good deferts divide afunder this company, and draw them away with you from 
 " me ? Namely, by yt ur mediation and interceflion, by giving your word for them, by ridding 
 '' out of gyves and prifon your fellow citizens, by faving them that are condemned, from being 
 *^ awarded to thethraldom of their creditors, and out ofthe overplus andfuperfluity ofyourown 
 " living and goods by relieving their prefent need.and fupplying their neceflities ? But what mean 
 ''• I toper wade you to forgo anything of your own, and beftow it upon them? Take another 
 "ccur'c with them, and makethem anotheroffer. Dobutdedudout ofthe principal debt, that 
 "which hath been payd , for confiderationottheToan; you fliall foon fee that my retinue will 
 '' make no greater fliew, than any othermans elfe. But why am I the only man fo careful ofthe 
 '< citizens and people ? Certain'y, I can make no better anfwcr hereunto, than if one fliould ask me, q 
 *' v\herefore I alone faved the Capitol and the Cliff? As I then yeelded my helping hand to all in 
 "general fo will I now tomy power relieve each one in particular. For as touching the treafure 
 "• ofthe Gauls : the thing in it felf bein^ eafy , this demand of yours maketh hard and difficult. 
 "■For what need you ask me that which you know already your felves ? Why lay you not that 
 " open whichis in yourfecrct borom,rathcrthanto hive it fitted and bolted out ? but that there 
 " ji; fome privy jugling, Ibme cunning pradlife and packing therein ? The more ye would feem to 
 "haveyourleigerdemain to be fought into and detected : fo much the more, I fear me, ye will 
 
 " hide
 
 Thefixth Boo{ ofT, Livius. 
 
 ^ " hide ic even from the eyes of thofe that are watchful and qukkfighted. And therefore am not 
 " I to be forced to reveal and fhevv where your (ioln goods are : but you would be made, if you 
 " were well ierved, to bring them abroad into the view of the World, At thefe words, the Di- 
 lator commanded him to leave off thefe loolilh vapourings and trifling lliifts: urging him either 
 to go through with his challenge and prove it true : or it he could not jullify it, to (.onfef;; that 
 he had tilfely flandred and wrongfully charged the Senat, and fought to bring upon them the i.l 
 will and hatred of men, for a vain furmifc and i'ufpition ot Theevery. But as he Itoutly inferred 
 and replied again, that he would not fpeak at the pleafure of his enemies, nor owed them any 
 fuch ferviLC : he commanded hirn to be had away to prilon and kept in bonds. And as he was 
 
 g apprehended by the Officer,'- O Jupner (q\ioth ht)Optimiu Maximta-P Inm Qiieen of heaven, c3/. 34ml'm 
 " O Mrnerva.^ with other gods and goddcOes, that inhabit the Capitol and the LafHe ; Suffer ye »l'P'shcntlc4 
 '' your Knight and Defender j to be thus tugged, mil'ufed, and e\ il entreated by his adverf.iries? 
 "And fhall this right hand wherewith I deieated the Gauls i and drave them from yonr Chap- 
 *' pels and fhrines, be now pinnioned and manacled ? There was no oneman there, that law and 
 heard him,whoi.ouldindurc this indignity. ButthisCity, asmoflpaiiett ofall otherCiticsto. 
 abide any jurt, righteous and lawful commandment of the Magiflrate, contained her fe!f and was 
 content in fome cafes to be overruled : fo farforth^that againft the authority and abfoiuce power 
 of the DidUtor , neither the Tribuns of the Commons , nor the Commons thcmfelves, durft 
 cither caft up their eyes to look awry, or once open their mouths. But after M^-iUus was com- 
 
 (» milted , ic was for certain known , that a great fort of the Commoners , changed their weed 
 and put on their worit apparel and mourning array : many a man let his head and beard grow 
 long ; yea, and a number of them with lad and heavy cheer, kept commonly about the Goal- 
 dore. 
 
 Now when the Diflator triumphed over the Volfcians, his triumph bred him more hatred 
 and difpleafure than honor and glory : for it is commonly fpoken, that he got it at home andnoc 
 abroad, and triumphed over a citizen not over an enemy : and this only wanted, (fay they) to 
 make up his pride to the full, that MatAtus was not led before his chariot.Whereupon there was 
 like to grow much fcandal and very fedition. For the appealing and mitigation whereof, the Se- 
 nat upon a fudden,without any motion made,of themfelves became bountiful,and afligned 2000. 
 
 rj citizens oi Rome to be fent to Satricum to inhabit as a Colony. And to every man was fee out SatmummtAt 
 two acres and an half of Land apiece. Which the Commoners conftrued to be a matter of no- a C'Jony, an^ 
 thing, a fmall boon beliowed upon a few, the very hire and reward for betraying Madius. So peopled with 
 that this proved a mifchief for a remedy : and by this falve, the fore rather federed and rancled, R<*a]jns. 
 than healed up, and the fedition thereby fretted more and more. For now the crew of MdMiHs 
 bis followers made fhew of greater mourning and heavlnefs , in their vile clothes and fad coun- 
 tenance, after the guifeof perfons accufed during the time of their troubles. And when the fear 
 and tcrrour was once overblown, by reafon that the Diilator after his triumph rehgned up his 
 authority, then folks hearts were fee at liberty, and their tongues walked at will. Some were 
 heard in open audience to upbraid the multitude and csfl in their teeth , '■ That it was their ii,- 
 
 £«'fiiions alwayes to Ufc up and advance their Protedors and Defenders into highplaces, and Theredkious 
 " afterwards, inthe very pitch of danger and point of dovvnfal, to forfake and leave them dctfi- fpecches of 
 *' tute. Thus was 5p, CafTms ferved, that foUicited the Commons to the divilion of Lands : thus •„ ,1!!! k''w"ic^ 
 " was 5;). y^/tf/;«; overthrown, that put his hand to his purle,andathis own proper charges kept of MjiMlistti 
 <•' extream famine fromthehungryjawes of the poor citizens, Semblably, J/. yWW/w^endea- 
 " vourlngto deliver a great part of the City (drowned as it were and overwhelmed in debt J and 
 "■ to enlarge them and let them abroad at liberty , now for his pains Is betrayed nnto his deadly 
 •' enemies : fo that the Commons do feed and frank up, even for the Qiambles and butchers knife 
 "the faucors and maintainers of their weal and liberty. And ought indeed (fay they) a Noble 
 *• man, that fometlmes had been Conful, thus to be mifufcdlt he anfwered not to the good liking 
 
 F^'andpleafureofthe Dictator ? Suppofe, he had over-reached and made a lie afore, and fohad 
 '' not a prefect and ready anfwer at the time: was there ever any fervant and Have, for leafing call 
 " in prifon and laid up In Irons ? And how could they forget that night, which was like to tiave 
 " been thclafl night that ever the Romans fliould havefeen : that fatal night of their final dellru- 
 '' ftion for ever? Or how could they chufe, but have lllil In theireyethearmy of theCaulsjClim- 
 " bing up the Cliff Tarpeia ? and how M. Mdnlms In perfon, fo bravely befeen in his armour, 
 ♦' all fwe.uing.all bleeding refcued and faved Jupiter himfelf in a manner out of the enemies hands? 
 "What? Did they think that with half-pound meafures of wheat meal, they had fufficiently re- ' 
 "compenfed the Saviour oftheir Country ? And whom they had well near canonized amongft 
 "the holy hallows of Heaven, or at leaft-wife by his new addition of* furname made equal to 
 
 Q " iHpitcr C.ip,toli>JH!.\^2s. ic well done to fuffer him,imprifoned inchains,lyingln a dark dungeon. (,^^j^'/g^',^e'r' ' 
 "todraw hislively breath at the p'eafure of the Hangman ? Was he alone able tofuccour yoiia!!, vfd theCspj." 
 ''and are ye all not able to help him alone? Thus ceafed not the multitude to exclaim and make tcL 
 ihelrplaints. and vould not depart from that place, no, nor all the night long, but threatned to 
 break theprifonbv force ; untilfuch time as they got that remitted, which oiherwirethey would 
 • have wrelkd , and ,h',t>:li-js by an aft of the Senat was releafed out of prifon and enlarged. 
 Whereby the mutiny was never the more ended,,buc rather a Captain given theni to maintain the 
 Sedition, * ♦ 
 
 Aboac
 
 ih^ S- ke fixth Book^of T. Livius. 
 
 About the fame time the Latins and Hetnicks-, the inhabitants alfo of the Colony Circetay and j, 
 they ot Felitrci who came to excule themlelvcs foi tht V oUcian war, wherein they were char- 
 oed to have had their hands , and required to have the captives delivered, for to proceed againlt 
 them, according to their own Laws, had a heavy anfwer. But the Coloners received the fhar- 
 per check and rebnke , becaufe they being Roman citizens , were entred into that wicked plot 
 and abominable ai^ion, to combine againlt their native Country. And they were not ony de- 
 nied their prifoners , but alfo (wherein the Romans dealt more favourably with the relt that 
 were their Allies^ were warned and commanded inchenameof theSenat,toavoid and that with 
 fpeedoutoftheCity-fromthefighcand prefenceofthe peopleof/?o/«e; for fear kit thepriviledge 
 of Embaffage, provided for the fecurity and fafeconduftofforrainers and not of citizens, fliould j 
 not ferve to protect them. Now when the Sedition of A/W««/ was fet on foot again,fomevvhat 
 before the end of the year,the great affembly was holden for the Eleiftion ot Magilf rats : wherein 
 there were created Tribuns in Confuls authority Serg. CormUm Mdngmenfii the fecond time. 
 P . Vde-nw ?otttm the fecond time, M. Furim Camtllui the fifth tim*. Ser. Sulfitim Ruffm the 
 fecond time , C. Papirifts Crajfus , T. Qiuntms Cincimatus the fecond timCj all of Senators cal- 
 
 In the beginning of this year, peace they had with forrain nations ; a matter very commodious 
 both for the Senat and the Commons. For the Com. in this regard^that being not called away by 
 any mufters, they had fome good hope (efpecially having fo mighty a champion) to be rid at once 
 for ever of ufury. For the Senators again , becaufe their minds being not dilkaded by any fear pj 
 from abroad, might attend about curbg and healing the inteftine maladies at home. When both 
 parts therefore were now more {harp let, and eagerly bent, they thought out of hand to trie 
 what would be done, and to make either a fhaft or a bolt of it. ^*/«/?«j calling the Com. to his 
 houfe, devifed w ith the principal heads of them both day and night, to bring in a change and al- 
 teration of the State : and fuller of (f omack, anger arid gall he was now a good deal than afore- 
 time. Netled he was, the rather by his late dilgrace and fhame , who never before had been 
 touched in credit, nor ta(f ed of any reproach and contumely. Heart he took unto him, for that 
 theDift. durft not execute that rigor againlt him, which Cincinnatus Q^4i>itius had extended upon 
 Sp. Melius : and it feemed unto him, that not only the Di«Sf. fought to wind himfelfout, and in 
 , refigning up his room, to avoid the offence given by hisimprifonment j but alio that the very j^ 
 
 Senat was not able to endure the manner of proceeding. With thefe imaginations being puffed 
 up and galled too,he failed not withal to prick forward and exafperate the minds of theCommons, 
 who of themfekes already, were kindletj and fet on fire. And with thefe and luch like fpeeches he 
 The fedkious entertained them. " How long (quoth he) Iprayyou, will ye be ignorant, and not know what 
 Oration of *'yemaydo, and what power ye have ? A thing that nature it felf would not have To much as 
 M. Mmlks lo " the very dumb beafls, but to underfland. Do but count how many you are in number your 
 the Commons a fejves, and how few adverfaries ye have againft you. If ye were but one to one, yet (I would 
 of Rome. jc think) you fhould more eagerly drive for to maintain your liberty, than they, to fet up their 
 " Lordfhip. For,lookhow manyfavouritsyehavebeen,follovving andcourtingonepatron, fo 
 "manyfhallye nowbeoppofedco one enemy. Make but fliew only of war, ye fliall have peace. M 
 *<Let them fee you once ready to make head and offer violence, foon will they yeeld and part 
 "with their right; Either ye mull adventure, all joyntly together to do fomewhat,orelfe make 
 *• account each one, to abide and fuffer all. How long will ye Rand looking from every fide upon 
 "me? Iformy part, furely, will not fail any one of you. Look ye then to it, that fortune fail 
 *'notme. I,evenl, that was your redeemer and deiiverer,wasallat once (when it pleafed mine 
 *' enemies) taken down and made no body. And ye, all of yon law him led to prifon, who laved 
 " every one of you from prifon. If happily tholemine enemies fhould attempt to do me more 
 '•fpight,WhereamIthen?and what were I beft totruff unto ? Should I look for that end that 
 *< Ca/fius and Melius came unto ? Ye do well to fignify how you dread the prefage , and 
 " wifh the contrary. And the Gods forbid that it ihould fo come topafs. But look not N 
 *' that ever they fliould come down from Heaven to protect me. That mind they muft 
 " give you 5 to prelerve me from fo hard a hap , like as they gave me a refolute heart , both 
 ''in mine armour to fave you from barbarous enemies , and in my gown to defend yon from 
 "praud citizens. Is there fo little courage in you (fomighty a people oiherwife) as to think , 
 *' it fuffiLient , and to ftand contented , if you may be backed only , and meet with fome help 
 *< againll your enemies ; and to know no other fcufling with your adverfaries (the Senators) but 
 " wherein you fuffer your felves to be commanded in the end ? This bafenefs cometh not to you 
 <=bykind. By ufe and cuHome only, you are become their vaflals and fubjefts. Forwhatisthe 
 "caufe ye are focouragiousagainfl your enemies abroad, that ye think it meet and reafon to rule 
 " and ?,overn them ? No other in truth but this, becaufe with them you have been ever wont to q 
 "ftrivefor fokeraigncy, whereas againft thefe ye have been ufed rather, to make fome flight proof 
 '< and tryal what you may do by your liberty, than to do your beft, and to put your felves forth 
 <' tor to maintain it and extend it to the moft. And yet what manner of captains foever ye have 
 "met withal to lead you, and howfoever affected ye have been your felves obtained ye have hi- 
 "therto all things that ye fhot at, were they never fo great : Such was your might, or fuch was 
 *' your felicity. Wherefore now it is high time to give the adventure of greater matters alfo. 
 '■'Make but tryal only of your owngood fortune, and of my felf, whom I hope ye have had happy 
 
 ^ experience 
 
 1
 
 Thefixth Boo\ ofT. Li vius, 1 8p 
 
 ^ '^ experience of already : with lefs ado fhallye be provided of one to over-rule and command :he 
 '' Senators, liian ye h.ive been hitlierco of tholeahat were to refift only their imperious govern- 
 '' menc. Down we muli witti thele Dictatorfnips and Confullliips both,and lay them lev ell with 
 **ihcground: that the commonalty of A'swi? may once be alofr, and bear up the head, BeHir 
 ''yourlelves therefore, and play the men. Hinder procels and coiirle of law fcr actions of debt. 
 " I profefs my leif a Patron of the Commons, which name my care over you , my faithfulnefs to 
 '' you; hath indued me with. And itjou pleafe to entitle your leader and Captai n, with a more 
 glorious * rtile of honour and Maje(ty, yefhalltind it more potent and available to etfeit that »i ofKW. 
 whiih you long foranddcfire. And fo from chat time forward, began fomepracliietofet up the m'. MmiiuU'^- 
 g Government ot'a King : Butncither who were the agents in this a^ition,nor to what terms thefe pitetl; lo a 
 plots proceeded, is it plainly enough recorded. But on the other fide, the Senators fat inCoun- Kinguoa>. 
 eel, and debated about the Secelfion and fecret meeting of the Commons in the privat hoiUe of 
 y5-/.i«//z«,and chathoufe, which (ioodfas it fell out) upon the Calile Hill: likewiie of that immi- 
 nent engine and fabrickj devifed for the overthrow of the prefent liberty. Many were of opinion, 
 and fpake it aloud , That there was need of a Servilins Hjla^ who not by commanding a pr.blick 
 enemy of the State toprifon, would provoke him and make him more eager; but bydifpatching 
 otone wickedmemberoutofthe way, and cutting him off, rtiightend this inteftine and civil war. 
 But they came down at length, and grew toarefolucion, in words'milder, yet indeed and effe6^ 
 all one, Thatthe M.i^iflrates jhould have a carefr.leje-, that hy thefe mi fchieviru plots a»dpraEii^et of a form of 
 QM.MmlmSitheCoKfn/OK-wei:/ /Kcurycdifodiimm'ige and hurt. Then the Tribuns in Confuls au- comrnflion 
 thorJtv, and the other Tribuns of the Commons (for even they alfo feeing,that in the lofle of the gf»nf£d in 
 publiik liberty of all, theirpower likewife fliould cotrle to an end, had yeelded to be advii'ed and ofTbeSww'" 
 ruled byiheSenat)laid all their heads together, and confulted what courfe was belitobe taken. 
 When as no man could bethink of any way, but plain violence and bloudfhed (a peece of work in 
 all appearance, ofgreat adventure and doubtful hazard^ then M, Mcnenius^ and O.PtMins, cwo 
 Tribuns of the Commons ftepped forth and faid. '* What mean we to make that, a quarrel be- On overture 
 " tween the Senators and Commons, which the wholebody united of the Cicyjindeed IhoUld un- "' 'he over- 
 " dercake againll fo dangerous and pelUlenc a member ? Why trouble we our felves to fee upon ^!"°^ ^iMan- 
 '• him and the Commons with himjWhom by the means of the very Commons themfelves,it were ""' 
 jj " the fafer courfe , and iefle offenhve to alfail ? that being furcharged and overvveighed with his 
 "own power whereupon he prefumeth , he may fall down and take his overthrow. Wears 
 *'fuliyminded to arrelt him, to convent him judicially, and call himtohisanfwer. Nothing is 
 <• Iefle popular, and more odious to the people , than to hear of Kings government again. The 
 *' multitude H-iall not fo foon fee and perceive , that our quarrel is not with them , but that they 
 "fliall become his competent Judges, and pafs upon him, who now are his Advocats : alfo, that 
 *• his accufers from out of the Commons, fliall behold one of the Nobility to hold up his hand at 
 "the bar, and the inditemenc framed, upon the crime of ufurping the Kingdom; bnt(beyefure 
 "otitylthey vvilltender and favour the fair looks and perfonof no man, before the caufc of their 
 " own free elf ate. When all the houfe liked well, and allowed of this ad vife and overture, they 
 E made no more ado, but lerved M.-tnlms with procefs to anfvver at a day appointed. VVhidi was 
 not fo foon done^ but the Commons at the very firff , began to florm and be enraged, efpeciafy 
 when they faw theacculed man, during his trouble io rufully arraied, accompanied with none of 
 the Senators, nor fo mu'.h as one of his kindred and affinity, no, nor his very brethren Au. and 
 T. ManliHt. A thing before that d.iy never feen nor known, but that in fo great a danger as this 
 was, the ncerelt kinsfolk in bloud, did change their weed. For even when yip, CLutdms his ad- 
 verfary, yea, and the whole linage and name of the CLmd^i^vitxc mournfully clad, and poorly ap- 
 parelled. Now lurely (fay they^ it is a very compaft amongff them all, that this popular man, fo 
 gracious and welbeloved, fhouid be confounded and overthrown, becaufe he was the firR that 
 ever fell away from the; Senators to the Commons. When the day was come of his arraignment, 
 F lean find in no author, what was objefted againfl the prilbncr by his accufers, diredfly tending to 
 prove the crime of afpiringto a Kingdom, but only the conventicles of the multitude, certain fe- 
 ditious words, his overmuch largels.and his forged furmife and falfe information of the gold, I 
 doubt not but thcie was matter ofgreat importance, urgedand enforced againlt him, feeing that 
 the ("ommons delay in proceeding to his condemnation, was not long of his cau!e,but occalioned 
 by thcplaceonly. This one thing feemeth worthy to be noted, sndfor all mens learning, that 
 how notable and how great foeverhis honor, worflrip, and commendable parts were ; the foul M,Mm!ki ar- 
 andcurfed defire of tyrannical rule, madenotonly unpleafanc and without grace, but alfo odious r"e"*<l • »'"* 
 and detedablc in the eyes of the people. He brought forth, as it is reported, welneerfourhun- '"'"."«''> ^^ 
 dred men ■, whom he had laid out mony iot gratis , and without any interert or conhderation : 
 Q thofe who'.e goods he faved troui port-fale, and kept from the bondage of their creditors, after 
 they were condemned. Over and bef.des, he not only reckoned up , butfliewed alfo in open 
 i ''ght, the honorable teflimonies of his I'ervice in the wars: as the fpoils of his enemies by him 
 
 flain and difarmcd to the number of 30. gifts bellowed upon him by Generals in way of reward ' FAOiiencd in 
 40, amonad which were two roodlv * mural garlands tor fcalini^ and entring upon the walls J"'"]"*' ^ ^■ 
 nui. eight* cuuk coronets for lavmg the lives of citizens in danger; Moreover, heprelented 3^1311. 
 there i" p'^ce. the parties rhemfelves in perfon, whom hchadrelcnedout of the enemies hands: ' Made of olo;' 
 and amorg'i them he nominated C. Scrvilnti at that inltant General of the Horfemen , and now 'ir'"!^'"-"- 
 
 abfenr.
 
 ipo The fixtb Bool{of T, Livius. 
 
 abfent. And when he had rehearfed his noble feats of arms, and amplified them according to the -^ 
 beiohtof their worth in a moft glorious and eloquent Oration , as one whofe words were liica- 
 bleandanfwerable to his deeds: atthelaltheftripthisbreaft bare, and (hewed the fears there re- 
 maining of wounds received in the wars : and ever and anon looking to the Capitol, very olteu 
 he called aloud upon y«;)/fer and the other Gods, to help him now in this extremity and peril of- 
 his (late : and prayed that the fame mind which they had given him to defend the Capitol clifF, 
 and even to the fafegard of the people ofRome-, they would vouchfafe the fame people, in this di- 
 ftrefs of his woful calamity: befeeching them both allandfome, to look up to the cliff, and to 
 the Capitol, to turn themfelves toward the Gods there, and (b to proceed to judgement ot him. 
 All the whiles the people were cited and called by their Centuries, and the prifonerdretched forth j 
 his hands, and converted hisprayers from men to theGods; the Tribunsevidently law that un- 
 lefs they freed the eyes of the people from beholding the memorial of fo great a defert, it would i 
 never be that fo long as their minds were thus forelfalled and pofl'effed with thatbenelitofhis, % 
 they would find the enditement, were it never fo true. So the matter being put off and deferred 
 to another day, the people were fummoned to affemblein the grove Pat/^w/, without the gate 
 Flumetitana^ from whence they might not have a fight of the Capitol. There the accufation pre- 
 vailed more than compjffion, and the matter went againft him : and fo with hard and obdurac 
 hearts, they pronounced a heavy and dolorous fentence, and which the very judges themfelves 
 had in horror. Some there be that fay there were Duumvirs ordained for the purpofe, to make 
 inquifition and fit upon this treafon again(t the State. Thus being condemned the Tribuns cauied K 
 him to be thrown headlong down the rock T^?-;)f/<«. Which place was the felffame that yeelded 
 to that one man a monument and memorial both of fingular glory, and alio of exf ream punifh- 
 ment and ignominious death. After his death there remained two infamous marks behind him 
 offliame : theonepublick,occafionedby his dwelling houfe. For whereas it was lituate, where 
 now thechappeland work-houfe, ormint-houfe of Moneta (iindeih-, an A^l:waspropofedunto 
 the people. That none of the Senators linage fhould dwell on the cliff or Capitol Mount. The o- « 
 ther proceeding more properly from his own line and kinred : For that by a general decree of the m 
 houfe of Maniii it was provided , That none of that family and race fliould ever after bear the ' 
 ■Dimtoi M.MAfilms. This was the end of him, who, but that he was born in a free City, had 
 been aright worthy and renowned man. L 
 
 But the people being now part all danger from him , calling to mind and confidering without 
 all affection, his vertues as they were, found amifleofhim fhorly after. Yea, andforthepefli- 
 lence alfo which en'uedfoon upon, for that therecould be no caufes known offo great mortality, 
 was imagined ofmany a man, to have grown upon the execution of yl/^;7//«/; arguing thus,Thac 
 the Capitol was polluted with theblood of the Saviour thereof: and theGods took no delight 
 and pleafure to have (as it were) prefenied unto their eyes,the puniflimen: of that man, by whofe 
 means their Temples had been delivered out of the hands of the enemies. Upon this plague and 
 fcarcity of corn withal, and the common brute that fpread abroad both of the one and the other, 
 there enfued the year following many wars, when as L,^/m«/ the fourth time, ^.yJ^^j^rZ/w 
 the third time, Ser- S:t/pi. ms the third time, L. Litcrecim , L. t/£myl'us the third time, and M. J| 
 7>^^5w«/ were Tribuns Military inConfuls authority. ForbefidestheVolfcians, who by deflinie 
 were appointed fcr ever in a manner tobufy and keep occupied the Roman fouldiers ; behdes 
 the Colonies Circeia and /^fZ/frf, which a long time were about to rebel ; befides Latium.ihsiC flood 
 in doubtful terms ?nd was fufpe6fed , the Lanuvines alio , who had been a moif falf and loyal 
 City, all of a hidden rofe and became new enemies. The LL. of the Senat fuppofing all this grew 
 upon contempt, for that the revolting of the Veliterns, who were their natural citizens, had fo 
 long time efcaped punilliment, decreed with all fpeed to move the people to denounce and pro- 
 claim open war againd them. And to the end that the Commons might be more forward in this 
 Military fervice, they created c&itiia Quinqaeviri for the divilion of the Pomptine Lands : and 
 Five officers Triumviri for the planting of a colony at Nepet, Then they propounded unto the people, that N 
 called ^um- they would appoint and determine of the War to be made. And notwithflsndingthe Tribuns of 
 9;(m« cica- ^^^ Com, laboured earneftly , but all in vain, to difTwade , yet the tribes throughout generally 
 granted it, and gave their voyces for war. All that year paCfed in preparations only, but no army 
 letforth byreafon ot'the plague : which protraffing of time and long delay, gave the inhabitants 
 of the Colonies refpic to fue unto the Senat for peace. Many of them were inclined and (food thus 
 affeifed, to fend a folemn embaflsge with humble fupplication to Rowe : but that (as common- 
 ly it falleth out) the publick peril was entangled and intereffed with the jeopardy of fomeprivat 
 per("ons : arid the authors of the backfliding and revolt from the Pv.omans, fearing left they alone 
 fliould bear all the blame and be delivered up as a facrifice to fatisfy the wrath of the Romans, 
 turned away clean and alienated the Colonies )rom all confultation of feeking for peace. And not q 
 only in their Councel-Houfe was this Embaffage then croffed , but many of the Commons alfo 
 they excited to invade the terri'ories oi Rome, to drive booties, and makefpoil. This new wrong 
 by themoffered , cleanputthemby allhopeofpeace, Inthatyear was the firft rumour ralfed) 
 concerningthe Rebellion alfo of the Preneilines. And vvhencheTufculans, Gabines, andLavi- 
 carc^into whofemarchesthey had madeinroc'es , complained unto the Senat, and laid much 
 matter againft them they received at their hands fo calm and cold an snfwer, that itfeemedthey 
 ga\e Ids credit to their complaints, becaufe thefe were not willing they (houtd prove true. 
 
 The
 
 " — • — ■ a 
 
 TbefixtbBoo{ofT,Vmus. i^i 
 
 /^ The year foilovviog, 5'p. and £,,/'^p/r/>«, new Tribuns Military with Conftils authority, led 
 the legions to l^elitre-, whole four Collegues, Ser. Comeims Malnn^iMenfii the fourth time, Q^ Scr- 
 vilms^ C.Sulpitius, L. e/£»;)7/;« the fourth time , v/ere left Tribuns behind iof defence of the 
 City ; and for fear led: they fliould hear fome intelligence of new and Irefh (iirs out of Hcirnr,aj 
 where they fufpedkd all would be naught. At ^^/fr^- they had the better hand of their ene- 
 mies : there they found more Preneftins well neer , that came to fuccour , than the very Colo- 
 nersthemfeUcs. For the City was lo neer at hand, that it both gave the enemies occalion to 
 flye the Iboner and yeelded them the only place of fafe refuge, after chcy were fled. I he Tribnns 
 foib.ire to allault the Town, as well in regard of the d.ingerons encerprife , as-ako for that they 
 3 thought it not good to hold tight to the utter de(fru6tion of that Colony. Letters weredifpatth- 
 ed to Ko/ne with tidings of victory, implyingmorelliarp informations againU the Preneliins 
 than the Veliterns, So by an Ait oftheSenat and afl'cnc of the people there vyas proclaimed war 
 againit the PrenelVins; whointheyearfollowing joyned with the Volfcians, and by for e wan 
 ^.!rr;cMw aColony ofthe people of /(!owe, notwithllanding it wasmanfuily and valiantly dcfen- _ 
 
 dedby theTownlmen evento the l.itt; where moU beaHly and cruelly they exercikd their vi- Thecrueltyef 
 itory upon thole that they took prifoners, and put them to the fword. The Romans took this ^-^^^^ 
 in a very ill part : andeleded M.Fnnm CamiUus Tribun Military the-feventh time : who liad tot 
 his companions in office, A. and Lttcius PcfthnmiHS Re^ilUrJis-, L, Farms and L. Liicrethis-, and 
 CM,F.i/>nss Amhullfts. 
 Q The Volfcian war was appointed to Ci»3/W«^ extra ordinarily: and to aiTifl- him therein, ii-t'^Il 
 to L. Fhyms his lot, one of the State-Tribtins, not fo much for the good of the Common- w^eal, 
 as tominifierunto his feilow ail- matter ofhonourand renown; aswell inpubiick, (forthat he 
 fet all upright again, whii. h by the rafhnefs of Lucius was fain down^ as alio in private, tor that 
 outofhiserrouraiidmifdomg;i/^>'c/)(^f«r/«j , rather fought for thanks and.loveathis hand?, 
 than aimed at any vain glory to himfelf. G/w/Z/wj- was now far grown and flept in years and vcty 
 aged, and when in the allembiy for Election, he was about to take the uiuallorm of oath, tor to 
 excufe histeeble and craly body , the people with one confent would not permit him. Hov\bcit 
 for all his age , he caried a lively fpirit and lul^y courage with him (lill ; his fenles w>.reai; t-refla 
 and ibund : and the late civil affairs had Itirred him up and gave him an edge, who now had no 
 T\ oreat mind to manage martial exploits. So he gathered a power of four legions , conwlingof 
 4000. apiece, and made proclamation that all his forces Ihould be ready the next di:y, at the 
 gate Ef^jHilma-, and then he put himfelf in his journy to SMricnm, The enemy who had won the 
 Colony- nothing dilmaid therat, and tiulfing in the number of his fooldiers, wherein he had the 
 better by ods; expetted and (iayd his coming there. And fo foon as heundtfilood that the Ro- 
 mans approached, forthwith came into the Held , minding without delay to put it to an ha2:f i 
 and try it out : preluming, that the skill of the Romans General, were he never fo i;iignh'r (in 
 whom their enemies only triilkd) would, ittle or naught avaiUn regard they were fo few in num- 
 ber. The Roman army was as hot as they , and one of their Generals as forward every way. 
 Andpreiently without any (fay, had they tried the fortune of a battel, but for the policy and rule 
 E of one man ; who by holding oft,and protracting lime of tight, fought fo to helpbimfeilthiough 
 good order and skill. But fo much the more the enemy urged ftill , snd was more fl-.:rp fet : fo 
 asnowhenot only ranged his men before his own campin battel array, but alio ftt iorvvard into 
 the mids of the field : and advancing himfelf with enfigns difphyed , neer unto the trench and 
 rampier of his enemies, mnde a proud bravado and iliew of his Hrength, vveretipon he bare hinf- 
 I'elf fo confidently. This could the Rom^n fouldiers hardly endure : and L. Farias one of the Tri- 
 buns Military, had more ado by far to digefl and put up that at the enemies hand. And a ven- 
 turous Knight he was, both by reafon of his youthful years and natural dipofition: and alio 
 puffed up with hope of the multitude, which commonly taketh heart, and prekimcth upon fmal- 
 leftsr<^""'^''7dridbuildeth upon greateft uncertainties. And the fouldiers being of thcmfcivesal- 
 F ready hot enough, he infl.imed and fet them more on lire , by elevating and making light of his 
 fellows refutation, in regard of his old age, the only thing that he could alledge: giving out ever 
 and anon , "That wars were for young-men , that mens hearts flourifhed and faded as their /. F; >■■«$ to hiV 
 ''bodies did; which was feen in C.;;i>?'//«3- , who of a molf valorous and forward wa:rior, was fouldiers. 
 «' now become a draw-back and a temporifer , and one that would take his leifure : and he that 
 •*■ was wont, ib foon as he came toaplace, with the (irft niVault to win Forts and flrong Towns, 
 " now within his mures and rampier fat Hill and trifled out the time. And what hopes had he? 
 *' Dreameth he , that either his own power iliould encreafe, or his enemies itrength decreafe ? 
 "What occaiion, what opportunity of time , what place of vantage for ambuih laid he for ? 
 '■ Tufh,thefe policies and inventions nf the good old man, are cold and dull God wot. In faith, 
 Q " CawiUifs-, as he hath lived long enough . fo hath he gained glory enough. To what purpofe then 
 " (quoth he.) fhould we fufter the whole puiflance of a City, which ought indeed to be immor- 
 " tjhfortoage and wax old with the body of one man,vvhomallmenfee tobe but mortal. With 
 ihefe and fuch like words he had drav^n away the whole camp after him : nnd whe-, from all 
 parts thereof they called hard, and cryed for battel ; "We are not able (quoth he) J/.P;; • w,to LFivius to' 
 *-^ keep in and reprefs any longerthe violence of our fouldiers : and as for the pride of the enemy, m,FuyIus. 
 " whofe courage by ourdelayes wehaveencreafed and whoinfulteth over us. it isintol erabie. 
 " Give place then , youthat arebutoneman, andyeelduntous all. Suft'eryourfelftobeover- 
 
 " come
 
 [^2 The fixth Bool{of T. Livius. 
 
 ■" come with reafon andcounfel, that you may fosner overcome by force and arms. Hereunto u 
 *•' CamillHs made anfvver again : What wars focvcr(quoth he^ unto this prefentday have by mine 
 *■' own entire conduct, and fole direction been managed,neithercan you nor the people O' Rome 
 M-'Fiinm his " deny,butthat in them you never repented, either ot my policy or happy tucceis.i\ow i know 
 anfwer to !.. ci fyi[ y„eH^ tl^at x have a Companion joyned with mejingovernmentSc ruleof ecjUui Lornaiiirion; 
 fouldi'crs. " for the prime and Uiflinefsof youth, much above me, and my better. And as to the army,! have 
 " indeed been ufed ever to command , and not to be commanded : butyetmy feUowsauthori- 
 " cy, I cannot be againll. Let him do in Gods Name, what he thinketh good tor the Common- 
 ' " weal, and God Ipeed his hand. Only inregard ofmineoldageltrave thistavour,ihat I may 
 " not be fet in the forefront : but for other labours , look what an old man may or ought to do j 
 " in war, therein fiirely I fhall not fail. And this one thing would I crave at the hands otthe im- 
 " mortal Gods, that fome notable mifhap befal not^to make my former counfel good and praife- 
 " worthy. But neither would men be ruled by his advife fo prohtable and wholelome, nor the 
 Gods vouchfafe to hear his prayers fo holy and devout. Then Lucius F r.rmstthe author and prin- 
 cipal perfwader of battel, fetteth the vangard in array. Crfw///i« he fortifieth the Regiments and 
 Squadrons for fupply in the rereward : but above all, he placeth a flrong guard before the camp. 
 Himfelf took up his ttanding on a higher place, tobeholdandmark the iflue of another mans 
 counfel. So foon as at the firrt brunt and encounter, they ruftled and made a noife with their ar- 
 mour, the enemies on purpofe^of policy, and not for fear) gave footing and loll ground. Now, 
 :there was behind them on theirbackaprety rihngofan HiU,between their camp and the battel: jc 
 and by reafon that they were well ftored of men, they had left behind them in the camp certain 
 (irong companies armed and well appointed: with this inftrud\ion .that whiles both armies were 
 hard in fight,and when their enemies fliould come ncer their trench and rampier,they might fally 
 out on afudden upon them. The Romans following outofmeafiire upon the enemies as they re- 
 treated, were drawn upon the difad vantage of the ground, and gave oicafion and fit opportunity 
 unto the enemy to iffue out of the camp upon them. So the terror returned upon the luppofed vi- 
 ctors, by reafon both of the new fupplies of the enemies , and alfo ot the fall and delcent of the 
 Hill: and forced the battel of the Romans to give back. The Volftians that charged them from 
 out of the camp, and were frefh and lurty-.preffed hard upon them: they alfo that made as though 
 they fled, began now to fight again. The Romans fouldiers forgetting now both their late lufti- ^ 
 nefs, and their ancient honour, retired not eafily and foftly in good order, but plain turned their 
 '^■'u'"to'Ki*' backs on all fides, fled amain by heaps, and ran away toward their own camp. Whereat Camdlnt 
 fouldiers, fly- being by them that attended about his perfon, mounted uponaoood Courier, and with all the 
 ing away. fpeed he could make, oppofing the Squadrons of the rereward againft the enemy : '■ Is this(quoth 
 '' he^ the fight, youfouldiers, that ye focalled for ? what God, what man can ye lay the weight 
 " on now? It was your rafhnefs and fool-hardinefs afore: and it isyourdaltardlycowardife 
 '■^now, and nothing elfe, that isthecaufe of all this. Followed ye have already one General. 
 " Follow Camilltu now a while : and as ye have been alwayes wont by my leading, once more 
 "win the viilory. What look you toward the hold and thecamp? there is no coming thither, 
 *' there is no being there for any of you without viitory. At the firli they were afliamed, and M 
 ftayd themfelves from farther flight: but after that they faw once the enhgns wheel about, and 
 the Squadrons turn again, they madehead, and charged the enemy amain. And the General 
 himfelf,a man renowned for fomany triumphs, and belides, tor his venerableage fo revered,even 
 amongrt the formoll enfigns,amid thegreatefl perils, and mort dilkeffes, advanced forth in per- 
 fon. Hereupon everyone for his part, fet the better leg forward, provoked his fellow withal, and 
 encouraged oneanother,foas with acheerful and lively flioui, the whole field rang. again. Nei- 
 ther was the other Tribun behind hand for his part: but being fent by his CoUegue unto the 
 Horfemen ( whiles he in the mean time marflialled again the Footmen in order ) not by way of 
 chiding (for what might he availthereby, folong as he was himfelf in fault as wellastherelt ?) 
 but laying alide all Lordly command , fell wholly to entreating, and befought them both all and N 
 fome to quit themfelves like men , and acquit him of the guilt and blame of that unlucky day es 
 LFwIwiohis work. '■ Indeed (quoth he) when my brother Crf»;///«.f would not agree thereto, but expreffely 
 fouldiers. "forbad, yet Icho'fe rather to be partaker of the folly and rallinesof all,thanthewifdomeand 
 " fage advife of one. CamdLm (come what will of it, fpeed you well, or fpeed you ill) feeth the 
 "glory willbehis: but I, unlefs the battel be revived, fhall take fuch part as you all, (amoffmi- 
 "ferableand pitious cafe ) but the fhame will redound andlightuponmy head and none elfe. 
 Well, at length they agreed, and thought it beff to abandon their Horfes to beftovv them among 
 the waving and difordered companies , and on foot to make head upon the enemies.Thus they go 
 both together, as bravely minded with refolutioiijasthey were richly and gorgeoufly armed, And 
 in what part focverthey faw the footmen mofl dirtreficd, there w,'nted neither in the Generals q, 
 nor in the fouldiers, courage in the higheft degree to fj^hcit out liiliilv, Weil was it feenbythe 
 happy event , that valorous endeavours fpeed ever well. For the Volfcian'^ the fame way that 
 erewhilethcy madefemblance olgiving ground upon a count erfeic fear,now fled in good fadnefs 
 The V'Tcians as hard as they could, A great number both in the conPii>it,and af cr inthechale wereflain. As 
 defeated! for the reff that remained in the camp , which prefcntly at one brunt vvg? won, more of them 
 were taken prifoners than killed. In the view 6c account r.-iken of the capti' er,there were fome of 
 them known to be Tufculans J who were fevered apart from the reft , and brought before the 
 
 State-
 
 Thefixth Boo\ofT, Li vi us. i q ^ 
 
 A State-Tribuns. And upon examination, confefled flatly, that they ferved by the publi. k warrant 
 of the City. C<?w////« herewith difquieted, for fear of war from fo neer neighbors, faid he would 
 forthwith have thofepriloners with him to ^oOTf, that the Lords of theSenatmighmot be i^- 
 DoraDthowtheJukmans were revoked from their fociety. In the mean wlsiie, his brother 
 Tribunmisht,ifhe fopleafed, have tue regiment of theleaguer and theholt. That d.iys work 
 had taught him now, not t© prefer hi^ own ways before the better counfel of anotncr. And yet 
 neither he himfelfe.nor any man elfe in the army.thought that Camillas would quietly diged this 
 fault of his, whereby the State of the Commonwealth was driven upon fo dangerous a point of 
 dovvnfal. And as wel in thehofi, as al o at Rome^ it was rife and currant in every mans mouth :■ 
 Bthat whereas the tight with theVolLians was variable,andthe fervice doubtful: for the iilfpeed, 
 thedifcomhture,and the running away,!,. f/fi'/»y wasallin fault: but for the good fuccefs, Ca- 
 mtllus only had all the honour. 
 
 When ihe captives were brought into the Councel Houfe, and the Lords of the Senat were of 
 opinion and determined war again(t the Tuftulans, and had laid the charge thereof upon C.tmil- ' 
 
 /«*, he requelkd to have an affiftant joined with him in Commillion: and being left to his own 
 choiceto take whom he would otallhis Companions in ofiice,contrary to all mens expedlation, 
 hechofe L.F«r/«/»By which moderation of his affeflions, and good carriage ofhimfelf, he both 
 delayed the intamy ofhis CoUegue, and wan himfelf great glory and commendation. Yet for all 
 this, proceeded not they to any war with theTufculans. For they by their conftant obfervation ThepruJene 
 
 C of peace, kept off the violence of the Romans, which by force of arms they had not been able, diirunulation 
 When the Romans entred and invaded their territory, theywentnot fomuchas outoftbofe ottheTuicu- 
 places thatlayneer thehigh way, whereas the enemy marched: iheyforletnocthe tilling of their '*"*• 
 grounds, but kept the gates of their City wide open, came forth folemnly in their long gowns to 
 
 , meet with theLL. Generals in the way,and brought vittuals right courteoufly to ferve the army, 
 as well out of the City as Country. C'--millm having pitched down his tents before the gates, and 
 
 ' defirous to know,whether there were the fame appearance of peace within the wals.a5 bare fliew 
 abroad in the Country, entred theCity: andfeeing the doors Handing open, the fhop-windows 
 up, all kind of wares fet out to faieupon the bulks : the Crafcf-men and Artifans bufily every one 
 occupiedathis work: the Grammar fchools ringing again with a chirm of fdiolars, learning and 
 
 £) faying their Icffons; the lireets full of women and children amongft the other common people 
 going to and fro about their bufmefs : he could perceive no where about him any thing that carri- 
 ed a refemblance of fearful men, no, nor fo much as of thofe that made any wonder at their co- 
 ming in that warlike order.Thus ca(t he his eyes into every corner,feeking where this war fliould 
 be. For there was not fo much as any token to befeen,either of ought removed out of the way, 
 or brought in place, upon thisprefent occafion ; but all in fo fetled quietnefs and peace, as if they 
 had fcarcely heard any inkling or rumor of hoflility. Being therefore overcome with this pati- 
 ence and fufferance of the enemies, he caufed their Senat to afl'emble,unto v\hom he fpake in'this 
 wife : *• Ye alone to this day of all that I know, O Tufculans, have found the only armor of ctmiUm to the 
 " proof, and the forcible fenfe indeed, tofaveyourfclves and all ye have from the Romans ire. Scnatofr«/. 
 
 E '• Go your ways to Rome unto the Senat there. The Loids of the Councel wil weigh and confider, "'""'• 
 " whetheryedefervcdmorepuniflTmentbefore, then pardon now. Iwilnot forertalandpickmy 
 "felf a private thank for a publick benefit. At my hands ye flial have this favour and liberty, to 
 *■ fpeak for your felves and plead your own caufe: as the Senat fhal think good, fofhalyoufpecd 
 *' of your fuit. After that the Tufculans were come to Romc^ and their Senat (who but a while a- 
 fore had been haithful Allies and kept their allegeance) feen to ftand waiting with heavy cheer, 
 and giving their attendance at the entry of the Court and Councel Chamber^ theLordsofthe 
 Roman Senat, wcreprefently moved thereat, and caufed them forthwith to be called in, and re- 
 ceived by way of hofpitality , more like then hoif iUty. Then the Diititor of Tufadam made this 
 fpeerh and faid : " Right honorable Senators, we againft whom ye have proclamed and made war, xhj DIftator 
 ■^^ came forth to encounter your Generals and Legions, armed and appointed as ye fee us at this ot r«</c«/««ito - 
 "prefcnt (landing in the porch ofyour Councel Houfe. This was our array, this was the habit of tliebcn»to« 
 " our Commons, and always fhal be, unlefs at any time we flial put on arms for you and in your ^*''"' 
 "quarrel. Thanks we yeeld to your Captains and to your Armies, that they have beleeved rather 
 *' their eyes than their ears : and where they faw no hoflility at all, there they offered none them- 
 «< felves. That peacewhich we have (liewed and obfcrved, the fame crave we humbly (lillatthe 
 *'hand> of your clemency- Turn webefeech youfromus yourforccs thither, where war is to be 
 " found- And if wemuft needs maketrial(byfufferingought)ofyourpui(ranceandpowerbenta- 
 *'gainrtus we will try it furely without armor. This is our full refolution, God grant it prove 
 
 j " as tortunjte, as it is well meant and proceeding from a fingle heart. As for thetrefpaffeswhere- 
 
 G " ^pon ye were moved to denounce war againft us : although it be bootlefs and to no purpofe to 
 
 I "difprove that by words, which by deed is already proved : yet furely, were they never fo true, 
 " we think verily that without prejudice to our felves, we may fafelyconfefs the fame, (incethac 
 *^ve have fo evidently repented thereof. And for you, lo long as you be worthy to have fo full 
 ^b'isfailion made it skilethnot.what default or tranfgreffion be committed againft you. Thus 
 much in effeft fpake theTufculans. At the very inlhnt they obtained peacerand not long after, tie 
 right of free huri^eohe, tobemade Citizens of ^owt". So the Legions were withdrawn back again 
 frotn Tnfcy.lnm. Thus Camillas having won great honor by his policy and valour both,in the Vol- 
 
 S fcian
 
 194 
 
 .Tbefixtb Bool\0fT* Livius, 
 
 againfithc 
 Scoat* 
 
 tdan war : by his happy fuccefs in the journey oiTufculum : by his fingnlar patience and carriage ^ 
 of himfelf, toward his companion in government, as well in the one place as the other, went out 
 of his Maoiftracy: there being created Tribuns Military for the next ye&i^L.VakrfHs the fifth time, 
 and Pal'. Faleriui the third time, C. Servilins the third time, Lictmus Menenim the fecond time, 
 P. Papirttis^ Serg. Cornelius Maluginenfis. 
 
 There was this year need of Cenfors alfo,by reafon efpccially of the doubtful rumors that ran 
 concetnino debts : whiles of the one fide the Tribuns of the Commons did aggravate the greatnefs 
 thereof, and madeitfeem an odioas matter: and they again of the other fide, did elevate and 
 made litle of the famejor whom it was good and beneficial^that the lent mony fliould be thought 
 abroad, in danger of being loft: for that (fay they) the debtors cauteloufly rather would not^ihan I 
 for ability could not, keep their credit and make paiment. So there were created Cenfors;C.5w/- 
 fitiifs Camerims-, Sp. PojihummsRegillenfis. And this matter now already commenced, was bro- 
 ken off by the death of Poflhumius^ becaufe it would have bred a fcruple to hufe another Cenfor 
 , in the room of him deceafed. When Sulpitms therefore had refigned up his place, it fell out fo 
 
 that other new Cenfors upon fome error committed in their creation, exercifed not their office: 
 and to chufe a third time they made a fcruple, fo tender confcienced were they, as if the gods were 
 not well pleafed with thatoffice (or chat year. But the Tribuns would notendure this deluding of 
 TheTtibtttwof the Commons, but gave it forth that it was intollerable : faying, " That the Senat fought to avoid 
 thcCoaimons « thecxhilDiting ofpublick records and books, which gave teftimony of the valuation of every 
 *' mans fubftance to the worth: becaufe they would nothave the fumsofdebtstobefeenand K 
 " known; which might bewray and plainly {hew» that one part of the City was even eaten up and 
 " devoured of the other : and in the mean time the poor Commons fo deeply engaged,were pack- 
 " ed away, and fent forth againft thefe enemies and thofe : and now without all regard and dif- 
 " cretion, they fought occafions to quarrel and make war in every place. From Antrum to Satri- 
 "c«»;,from Satricum to FditreyhomthcDQe to 7»/c«/«»; have your Legions been pofted. And 
 <"^ now, forfooth, there is war intended againft the Latins, Hernicks and Preneftins: for hatred 
 *' rather of the Citizenshere at home, then of the enemies abroad: and all to wear out the 
 " Commons with continual wars, and to afford them no breathing while within the City .• that 
 *' in time of reft,they might remember and think upon their freedom, keep their rooms incom- 
 t'monaffembly, where they might at the length hear their Tribuns voice pleading fortheeafe- L 
 *'mentofufury, and for a final end of all injuries. But and ifthe Commons had the heart, and 
 "carried that mind with them,as to call to remembrance their anceftors liberty, they wotvld fuf- 
 <' fer neither any Citizen oiRome to be awarded to bondage for debt, nor any mufters for to be ta- 
 "ken, until a view were made and juft accompt had,of every man his debts, and fome courfe la- 
 " ken for abating the fame : that each man might know, what he had of other mens goods, what 
 *' remained ofhisown: whether his body were left free, or at the mercy of his creditor, to lie in 
 "cold iron and baleful prifon. This hire and falary of fedition, this reward once propounded a- 
 fotehand,ftirred up (you may be fure) a mutiny foon after. For whereas there were many adjud- 
 ged to be bound unto their Creditors, and the Senators had decreed new Legions to be believed, 
 forthebruitandrumor that went of the Preneftin wars: both matters began to be hindred for M 
 taking any effeft, as well by the Tribuns help as the Commons accord. For neither would the 
 Tribuns fuffer thofe that were condemned to be led to prifon: nor yet the younger fort of the 
 Commons, enter their names iniheMufler-maflerhis book. And the Senators for the prefent, 
 lefs minded theexecution of judgement for the Creditors behoof, then the muflering. For why ? 
 News came already, that the enemies had put themfelvesintheir journey from PreKcfte^and were 
 encamped in the Sabins country: And all this while, the very tidings hereof rather quickned 
 and provoked the Tribuns of the Commons to the broilthat was begun, thanfrighted them any 
 jot from it. Neither would any thing ferve to quench the fedition in the City, until the war 
 was come in manner to the very walls. For the Preneftins had intelligence given themj that in 
 JJowe there was no army gathered, no General certainly known: the Senators and Commons N 
 at jar and together by the ears. Their Captains hereupon, taking this advantage and opportu- 
 nity, with a running camp invaded, fpoiled and wafted the fields all afore them as they wentjsnd 
 came with banners difplayed before the gate Culliua. Great fear was in the City, every man 
 cried Alarm, nn up to the walls to man them, and to the gates to ward them. Andatthelaft 
 they left their mutinies, turned to the wars, and created T. Qnhitins CinciKnatus Didtator, He 
 Appointed for his General of horfemen, A.Semfromus Atror.imts. This was not fo foon voi- 
 ced abroad, ffo great a terror went always with thatmagiftratc) but the enemies withal diflod- 
 ged and departed from the walls : and the younger fort of the Romans, without any trifling and 
 drawing back, upon the proclamation, gathered together. Whiles forces were thus arifing at 
 Eetfte , the enemies pitched their camp not far from the River AlUa '• and as they forraged the Q 
 Country all about ^they bragged and vaunted among themfelves, that they had got that very plot 
 oi:'gcoHnd,which was ever fatal to the deftruft ion of the City of Rome.'- Here wil be(fay they)the 
 " like fightjfrom hence wil they fly no doubt, as fometimes they did before in the Gauls war.Fot 
 <^' ifthe Romans feared that difmal and unlucky day, noted witii the infamous name of this place ; 
 *' how mach more wil they dread the river Alliah felf,in memorial of their fo great overthrow, 
 *' thatj the only bare day v4 ///>«///? Certainly, when they are comehither,ihey will think they lee 
 f* again the gfira looks,and hear the hideous voices of thofe favage Gauls. Thus rolling & tolling 
 
 with 
 
 Ucos mrscic 
 the tctritofy
 
 7 hefixth Bool^ofT, Li vi us. i q^ 
 
 A with themfelvestheretoyifli conceits, rifingof as vainand foolifli prelumptions, ihey rened 
 wholly and repoled their full hope in the lucky perfwalion only of the place. The Romans contra- 
 rivvile knew fuil well, that their enemies the Latins, were(whereroei er they were) the \ cry fame 
 men (till, and no other, whom tor the fpace ot one hundred years tiiey held peaceably and quiet- 
 lyastheirdevotedvjifliisinlubjeaion.Andasfor the piacenotcd indeed, for thememorial of 
 that late defeat and lois iuliained, it might rather Itir them up and let an edge upon them to a- 
 bolilh and cancel the remembrance of that fiiameful dilgravc, then put them in fear, that any 
 ground fliould be founfortunat, as to beabar unto their viilory. Nay, ifthe\ery Gauls them- 
 felves came now in their way, they would fo hght with them e\en in chat ground, asthey 
 Bdid at /?owir,inihere:overy oftheir country : as they did the morrow after at (7°/.,;: when they 
 bare themfelves fo valiantly, that no one enemy that cntred within the wails oi Romcy went ever 
 home again to tell news how they iped, well or ill. Thus on both l-.des being refoluce, and conra- 
 gtoully bent, they met at W&.1. The Roman Dilator difcovering the enemies arran^^ed inbat- 
 lel array, within light. '^ See you not (quoth he)0 j-1. Sim proiuus, hosy they have liayed at AIha, 
 " prefuming upon the luckinels of the place? No hirer confidence,no greater help may they have, 
 " I pray God. But you, with truUy armor,keen weapons:,and doughty coiirage.fet fpurs to horfe' 
 " gallop among.'t the ihikeli of tueir main battel with your horfemen.I,with the legions on fooc 
 " will advance mine Enligns,anddi]play them, in their faces, and charge them hotTy when they 
 "aredifbanded on<.e,andput infear, AlfilHisnow, and aid us, O ye gods (thewitnefles of our 
 C '< league) and punilli them duly for their deferts, both in dillionouring your divi-eMajerty, and 
 '•deceiving us in your name,whom they called Iblemnly to witneis. Neither horfemcn nor foot- 
 men, could the PreneHins abide, but at the very hril llioutand iLock were the ranks broken. 
 And feeing their Battaillons in no place whole andkept together, they fled.- and amazed as the^ 
 wereinthatconfufed fear, and cairyed away beyond their own camp, they Ifayednot runniir^ 
 for lite, until by good footmanfliip they were come within the light ofPre»fif. There,all fuch a^ 
 had been fcattered in the flight, met together, and chofe a plot of ground, tofortifiein thathafle 
 as well as they could : lelfperad venture, if they hid put themfelves within the town, forthwith 
 their villages fliould have been lired, and after alkonfumed and fpoiled, the town alio mieht for- 
 tune to be befieged. But when the Roman Conqueror after the rifling of their camp at y{ilia,w^s 
 D once come toward chem and difcovered, they abandoned that Fort alio, and gat within the town 
 Frencfie, thinking themfelves fcarce fafe enough within the walls thereof. Light towns behdes 
 there were vnder the feignory of the Preneflins,againft which the Dictator warred round: and 
 having won them all, one after another withoutmuch ado, he brought his army againit re/tre 
 and got that town alfo by afl'ault. Then came he to the principal head and very feat town of the 
 war, Premfie, which was not by force won, but by furrender yeelded up into his hands. And T, 
 ^itmiusihus havingobtained one viitory in a pight field, won two camps and holds of the ene- 
 mies,conquered by force nine towns, and regained Pre.Kcfie furrendered unto him, rt turned home 
 again to Rjwe, In his triumph he carried aloft the Image of Jupaer, iiirnamed Emperor, which 
 he brought from Prenefie^ and fetit up in the Capitol, where it was placed and dedicated be- 
 E jiween the flirines of Jupiter and Mmerva : and in a table of brafi fixed under it, was the monu- 
 ment of this noble exploit recorded and engraven in thefe or fuch like words: ['/'. Qj-n.^us Di- 
 ttatoYf l?ythe_(r^ractoHshelpof]vt^\li:. andalltherfflofthegods^won-/ii»e J'oip/!S.~\ Soon the 2 0.day 
 after his creation, herefgned up his DiibcorOiip. 
 
 Then was the affembly holden for eledVing ot Tribuns Military with ColT.authoritv who were 
 equally chofen from out of the Nobility and the Com. Of Nobles were created, P.zrtdC.A<fa»l as, 
 with L, JiJits. The Commons yeelded C.Se.xtiliHs^M. Albiyms ^nd L. Amtftius. Upon the two 
 Manilla forthat in blood and degree they wereabove the Commoner^ and for favour more "gra- 
 cious then Ja//«^, the province ot the Voif.ians was belf owed extraordinarily, without calliii j lots 
 or parting together by agreement ofthe CoUegues amonglf them elves. Which both they them- 
 F fclves rued, and the Senators alfo (that would have it fojrepcnted at'terwards.For without any e- 
 fpials, lent out aforehandto Icour the coalts, they had fet forth certain cohorts or companies (oi 
 foocmen)a forragingi and when upon a falle alarm that thofc were befet & intrapped^they march- 
 ed themfelvs apace after;to their refcueSc convoy, Sckeptnot with them flil, the reporter of thefe 
 tidings (whobeing indeed a Latin and an enemy, but difguifcd in the habit ofaRomanfouldief, 
 had deceived themjthey fel headlong into a train and ambufliment laid of purpofe for them. And 
 whiles they made refiffance with main force only, in a ground of great difadvantage (givin!:;& ta- 
 king the like meafure^they were killed &na in on either lide. But in themcan time their enemies 
 from another quarter.entred the camp ofthe Romans lying open in the pla in.Thus in both places, 
 things went but badly and untowardly, &: all through the raflinefs and unskilfulnefs of the leaders. 
 G And what remained unfoiledforthefortuneofthepeople of /?7/>?i?, that was preferved by the har- 
 dy and relblute valor of the Roman fouldiers only, without the help of general and commander. 
 Upon which news reported at Rome^ at thefirif it was thought good to/chufe aDiilator: but af- 
 terwards, when tidings came, that all was whole ?c the Vojfciansquietj and that it was well feen 
 they knew not how to ufe a victory when they had it, norto take the opportunity of the time, 
 whiles it offered it felf:both the Generals 5c the army were lent for home from thenceSc fo for the 
 Volfdans they were at rell after wards.On!y in the very end ofthe year,rher arofefome new ftir Sc 
 fuddcn tumult by reafon that the Preneflins having follicited the people of the Latins, entred into 
 
 S a rebellion
 
 iqS Thefixtb Boo\pfT. Livius. 
 
 rebdlion again. In the fame year the men of Setia made moan of them'elves for want of people, ^ 
 and thithe'r new Coloners were affigned to inhabit there. . . ^ 
 
 AlbeittheRomansfped but badly in wars, yetthequietnels at home was lome comfort ; 
 which the Tribuns Military chofen from out of the Commons had procured.by realon chat they 
 werefo^racious and reverenced among thofe of their own coat and tadhon. All the beginning ot 
 the year%llowing, was at the firtt on a light fire with hot difcord and mutiny, when Sf. F:,rnis^ 
 Oimitius SerzHtus the fecond time, Licinms Mer.cmns the third time, P. Occlm, M. Horatms and 
 ir"c7f/^«/«x were Tribuns Milirary with Confuls authority. The matter and caule of which ledi- 
 lions broils, were the debts above fpecified.For the due inquifition whcrof,and to knov\ to what 
 fums they amounted, 5p.5fm/««^/'n/cw, and C/(r//«^.5/w/«x were made Ceniors, but (lopped I 
 they were for domg any thing,by occafion of wars.For firH,fearful melkngers in all hallebroughc 
 word, and after, the flight ofthe Country people confirmed it, that the legions ot theVohaans 
 wereentred into the confines, and fell to fpoiiing every where the terntor) about iJ^wf. Not- 
 vvithftandinc which fear and forraign terror,lo little were the civ il dikords appealed , that Lontra- 
 riwife the Tribuns of the Commons extended their power with more violence to hinder the levy 
 offouldiers, untilthey had indented and capitulated with the Senators, that fo long as the wars 
 laHed, no man (bould either contribute and be charged with any impofl, or be fued in ;^ny action 
 of debt. When the Com. cook hold onceofthisealement and liberty, the mufter^, were delayed 
 no longer. And after they had levied and enrolled two new legions, it was thought convenient 
 that th^e Icions fliould be divided, and two armies lent forth into the VoUcians Country. So Fii- K 
 rius and M. Horatitis, went on the right hand along the fea coaft to Antntm. Q^ Servilms and 
 L. Ge^amui on the left hand, by the way of the mountains to Ecetra. Bur on neither (ide met 
 they with the enemy. Whereupon they fell to forraging the Country, not here and there in fcat- 
 tetinc wife, as the Volfcians had done, after the manner of robbers, at llarcs upon advantage ta- 
 ken oT'their enemies difcord, and by ftealthforfear of their valour: but being a full power and 
 army of men. and juftly provoked to anger, the longer they continued there,the fouler work they 
 made. For the Volfcians (landing in {ear, left in the mean while they fbould be encourtred with 
 a power from /Jowf 5 had made roads only into the utmort frontiers; But contrariwil'e, the Ro- 
 mans made ftay in the enemies land,the rather to train them forth and draw them to a field- fight. 
 Havino therefore burned up, in amanner, all the uplandilb houfes and granges, and fome villages L 
 alfo, and left behind them no fruitful tree ftanding, nor the fown corn for hope of grain, and dri- 
 ven away whole booties ofmen, women,and cattel;which they could light on without the walls; 
 they reduced their armies of both fides home again to Rome. In this mean while the debtors had 
 fome little refpit to breath themfelves in. But fo foon as all was quiet from enemies abroad , they 
 laeoan a frcfli to be fued and troubled by their creditors at home. And fo fmall hope they had to 
 bereleafed of their old ufury, that they fell into a new, by reafon of a contribution colledfed to- 
 ward a wall, which the Cenforshad fee out to be made of fquare Afnler ftone.To yecld unto this 
 impofition and burden, the Commons were driven, becaufethere was no mufier tor the Tri'ums 
 of the Commons to hinder. Forced they were likewife through che might and power of the 
 <'reat men, to admit for Tribuns military, all of the Nobility, to wit, L &myliHs^ V.Vdcrim the M 
 fourth time, C. Veturius^ Serv-us Stilphius-, L. and C. Quint ii Cinciyinatii, 
 
 By the fame ftrong hand alfo they prevailed fo much, that without impeachment of any man, 
 all the younger fort took the military oath, lo that they levied three armies againft the Latins and 
 Volfcians : who joining their legions together, had encamped themfelves at 5.-3rr;'f«w.One army 
 was fathered for the defence of the City : another to be fet out againft all fudden wars, if haply 
 elfevvhere fome tumult fliould arife : & a third, of all other the {irongefl, was under the condnft 
 of/'. Vdcrius^ and L. K^mylms^ led to S.;r>-/<:«w. Where, finding the enemies embattelled in good 
 array upon a plain Si even ground,they charged upon them prefently.But ere that they had got the 
 viftory evidently in fight and were but only in fome good hope ofhaving a fair day of their ene- 
 mies, the rain fo poureddown with hugeflorms and tcmpefls, that it parted both hofts afundcr. N 
 Themonowafierbeganafrelhconflidl:. And for a good while, the legions of the Latins efpeci- 
 ally, which by long ahiance with the Romans had learned their manner of warfare, (lood to it as 
 valiantly.andfpecfasfortunatly as the Romans. Atlength, the Roman horfemen that road in a- 
 mpnoft them, brake their ranks ; and when they were oncedirarrayed,the footmen difplayed their 
 enfigns, and advanced upon them : and look how much theRomans battel fet forward, fo much 
 the enemiesgave backward. But when they began once to faint in their fight, than the violence 
 of the Romans was incoUerable. Thus the enemies were did omfited and fcattercd : and flying 
 not tow.ird their camp, bur to Suricum^ whit h was two miles off, they were by the horfemen 
 efpecially beaten down, trod under foot and flain. Their tents were taken and rifled. From S<«- 
 tric^m they diflodged, the next night afrer the battel was fought and marched in great hafte (asif O 
 they fled) to ^Kf/>w. And aibeit the Roman army followed themby the tracks hard at heeles, 
 yet their footmanfbip ferved them better in their fear, than it did the Romans.for alltheir anger. 
 So the enemies put themfelves within the town walls , before the Romans could overtake them, 
 and either cut off the tail of their rereward,or force them to ftay. After this, fome days were fpent 
 in wjfting the Country. For neither were the Romans fufficiently provided with warlike cnj?;ins 
 ofbsrrervand artillery to aflaii their wails, nor they well appointed to abide battel in plain 
 field. Then arofe fome difcord within the town, between che Latins and the Antiats. The 
 
 Amiats,
 
 ThefixthBoo{ofT. Livius. 
 
 ^97 
 
 A Annacs, of one fide weaned with calamities that follow long wars, wherewich all thefrlite time 
 they had beenexereifed even to their oid age, were ot mind toyeeid. The Latins by realon of their 
 
 late revokand rebellion (whuesaiterlo long peace, their couragescontiniied yet frelliVveremore 
 forward and earne(i to maintain wars HiB.But when they fa w on both f des that they mif^ht do a' 
 they purpofed, and follow their own defignmems, withontbeinghindered one of another iheir 
 rtrife was loon ended. So the Latins leaving their fellowHiip &:fociety of peace,fo unhon'-f 'V: dif- 
 honourable (as they thought it) departed trom them, and flood out itill to revenrc dielrowri 
 quarrels. But the Antuts being well rid of thefe CounLellors of their, lb trofs unto all wholfome 
 couries, tending to their good and Ijfety, yeelded up their town and country to the Roman^ But 
 B the anger and furiousrageot the Latins, forthat they could neither annoy the Romans by 'warsf 
 nor keep the Volilians Hill in arms, brake out thus far, that they fired the City Satrtcttmyvihkh. 
 had been the firlt place ot refuge, atter their defeat and unhappy fight. Neither left they any houfe 
 in that City (landing, but let fire upon all indifferently, as well profane as holy edifices : onelv 
 the Church of Dame yt/.z/wM they fpared. From which, it was neither asy religion and confci- 
 ence of their own, nor fear of the gods that kept them,but (as men report) a le'arful voice heard 
 out of the Temple with heavy threats, unlefsthey held their hands, and kept them far enough 
 from burning the facred habitations 10 impioufly. In this rage and mad fie of theirs, lo Tdfat- 
 Ittm they go: forveryfpight that they rorfaking the general counfel of the Latins, hadnotonely 
 ■yeelded themleUes to be in league with the Romans, but alio becan-e incorporate Citizens 
 C with them. And coming upon them on a ludden, while their g.ues were open, at the firrt fliouc 
 ihewholeTown, allbut the Caftle, was lurprized. The Townfmen with their VVivesand 
 Children werethither fled : and lent meffengers to RomeW\i\\ certificatto the Senat of this 
 fuddenand unlooked for accident. And with all fpeed (as appertained to the fidelity ofthepeo- 
 ple of Rome) an army was led to "/ 'ufcnlum : whereof L, Qmntim and Scrvhti Sulpnias^ had the 
 conduft. At T'«/c«/;/w they found the gates fait fliut againit them, and the Latins, as men both 
 befieging and beiieged. And whiles ofthc one fide they intended the defence ofthe walls, on the 
 other fide affaulted the Cartle, at one time they were afraid themfelves, and put others in fear 
 likewife. But the coming ofthe R.oman$ wroughta great change andalterationinthe hearts of 
 both parties. Foritcanfedihe Fufculansoffeartulmen to becomee.xceeding cheerful: and the 
 D Latins who made full reckoning to win thefortrel'soutof hand, as being mailers already ofthc 
 town, had but fmall hope now to help and fave themfelves. The Tufculans they fee up a areac 
 fliout from the Callle : and anlwered it was again with a greater irom the Roman army. TheLa- 
 tins were put to it h.rd on both fides: For neither were they able to abide the violence ofthe 
 Tufculans running down the hill upon them, nor to put by and keep off the Romans, comin<^ 
 hard under the walls, andaffayingto break the bars ofthe gates. Firll, they fcaled the walls and 
 and gac upon them : after, they brake the port-cullis down. Thus the Latins environed with e- 
 nemies both before and behind, that preffed lore upon them, having neither flrength enough left 
 to fight, nor room of ground to make an efcape, were fiain in themidft between the enemies, e- 
 very mothers fon. So when T»/c«/»?»Avas recovered out ofthe enemies hands,, thearmy was 
 E brought back again to Rome- 
 
 But the morequietnefs there was that year without the City by reafon of profperous wars,the 
 moreencreafedthe violence and hard dealing ofthe Senators within: and the calamities of the 
 Commons grew every day more than other. For they wanted means and were not able to pay for 
 the inrereft that needs muft be paid. Whennoihing therefore was to be had, to make paimenc 
 out of their goods, they were adjudged and awarded to fatisfie their creditors in their body and 
 name : and fo their punifhment ferved in fiead of keeping their credit and difchargin" theconhde- 
 ration. Whereupon, not only the meaneft ofthe Commons, but alfo the very chief, began now 
 to let tall their hearts and (loop fo low, that there was not a witty and nimble headed man and 
 of experience am ongft them, that wouldputhimfeh' forth to flandtobe a Tribun Military, in 
 F concurrence with the Nobles, (which they had io earneflly fhot at and laboured for) no, nor fo 
 much as to bear and fue for any offices ot the Commons. So as the Senators now, feemedto have 
 recovered again for ever to themfelves, the polfeffion of that dignity, which the Commons of 
 late, for fome few years, had ufurpedand occupied over their heads.But that this order fide might 
 not joy too much hereat, a fmal! occurrcnt hapned between which ^as it falleth out moft com- 
 monly) gave the occafion and firft footing to an enterprize of much importance. 
 
 Ad. Fahim Afnbuflit! a great and mighty man, as well amongfl thofe ot his owncalling, as alfo 
 with the Commons ('whomhewjs reputed never todelpife,as other did of his condition and e- 
 ftate) had two danghtersmarried forth : the elder unto Servim Sulpttiw : the younger unto C.Li- 
 cinim Stolo, a man verily of good worth md reckoning ,bur yet a Commoner. And Fal^ms dif- 
 G daining not this alliance and affinity, w.m himfelf much love and favour among the Commons, 
 Now it fell out fo, that thefe fillers were upona time together in the houfe of Servius Sulpitius^ 
 then Trib Miiit,iry : ;■ nd as they paffed the time away (as the manner is) in much good talk, dif- 
 conrfingonewith another of many matters, it chanced that aSergeant or Verger o'tSnlpttius., ac 
 what time as he was coming home from ihe Forum orc6monhal,rappedas theorder was. with 
 his rod at the door.Whcn theyongerF<«^'<«not acquainted with thofe fafhions was therat iome- 
 what amazed, her after making a wonder at her ignorance, laught hertrllorn. But that laughter 
 (as womens mindi got wotjare foon kindled with a litle)fet her awork & hammered in her head, 
 
 S 3 Beiides
 
 [o3 Thefextb Boof{pfT. Livius. 
 
 Befides, the train of many that came about her, waiting and giving artendance,ready to know her j^ 
 pleafure and what Hie would, mendedthe matter much. Ifuppofe flie thought her hlier happily 
 vvedded, and repented her own marriage ; uponanilland finiller judgment, whereby every man 
 repinech that his neighbor andneereftof kin efpecially,Q^ou!d go beyond him and do better then 
 he Upon this di.tontentment and frefli heart-burning ofhers.her father haply feeingherdilmaid, 
 asked her whether all was well at home ? But when {he would have turned thecaiile of her grief 
 another way. (for that uilood neither with herloveand kindnefs towards her filierjto envy her 
 eftate ; nor yec with thereverent honor that (he was to yeeld unto her husband, to find fault with 
 herown) he with mild queftioning came aboutherfo, that he drew from her the truth : fo as 
 uTieconfeffed her grief to arife upon this, thatfhewas difparaged ; and namely, married not accor- I 
 din''toherouality,butintoanhoureuncapableboth ofworOiip and favour. Then AmbujitiSy 
 comfortin'^ his daughter, willed her to be of good cheer, and faid, That ere it were long, {he 
 {hould fee'^the fameftate, the fame advancement and dignity at home,which {he had leen already - 
 in her filters houfe. Hersuponbeganheioplot with his fon in law, joyning alio unto them, L. 
 Sextiui, afloutyoung man, and one that was like enough to come to preferment, butthathe 
 was not of noble race. Good occafion and opportunity they leemed to have of compaffmg fome 
 alteration in the State, by reafonoftheexcefilve debts that men were grown into: for the redref- 
 finc and eafing of which malady, theCom. had no other hope, but in advancing fome of them- 
 felvesinto the foveraign room of government. They thought it needful therefore, prefently to 
 addrefsthemlelvesto the execution of thefedefignments, confidering that by endeavor and indu- K 
 ftry- the Con moncrs were cHmbed to that degree already, from when:eifthey would enforce 
 and put themfelves forward, they h..d but one ftep more unto the higheft, and might be equal 
 with the Nobles, as well in honour as in vertue and prowefie.Andfor the prefent,it was thought 
 good to make them, twoTrib.oftheCom. in which office they might open a way unto them- 
 felves, for otherdignities. So C. Lkinms and L.Sex> propofed lawsail tending to abate the pow- 
 The Ljwsof er and might of the Nobles, and wholly for the good and benefit of the Com. One, as touching 
 tidnms and takin" order for debts : That when fo much was defaulked and dedufled out of the principal, as 
 Six.'m, j,j£j been paid for the ufe and interefl.the refidue fhould be difcharged by even portions in j.years 
 
 A fecond, concerning a proportion and quantity of lands, Thatnomanmight holdinpolfeffion 
 above 500.acres.The third. That from thenceforth there fhould be no eledtionof Trib. Military, t 
 but ofCofl'.provided alwaySjthat one of them be chofenout of the Com.Matters all of right great 
 weif'htandconfequence, and fuch as without exceeding ftrifeand contention, could not poffibiy 
 be carried and obtained.'* Thus when all ihofe things at once lay a bleedit^, and vyere in hazzard 
 to beloft,which the whole world unmeafurably coveteth and longeth after, to wit, land,money, 
 and promotions.'the Senators were put inabodilyfear,and began to flartle. And laying theirheads 
 together both in publitk Confultation and privat conference,they could devife no other remedy, 
 but that which in many commotions already they had tried, namely, the ftepping between and 
 relative voice of fom.e of the Tribuns. And fo, to crofs thofe billsaforefaidputupby thefecwo 
 TrUjuns, they had wrought and made to their purpofe certain of their own brotherhood. Who 
 fo foon as they faw the wards and tribes called forth by Licinius and Sextins^ to give their fuffra- M 
 oeSibeint^ well backed and guarded with the affiftanceoftheSenators, would fufferneitherthofe 
 Faws to be read, nor any other befidcs('as yearly they ufed)to pafs by the voices of the Commons. 
 Thus the two Tribuns aforefaid, having oftentimes (but ever in vain)a(fembled the people toge- 
 ther and feein^; their laws ftillnipped, as it were. in the head for ever going forward; "Itisve- 
 *' ry well (quo'th Sextins) and fince ye like fo well that thefe inhibitions may prevail fo much : 
 " we willlikewife defend the Commons with the fame weapon aqd no other. Go to now my 
 *' Maflers of theNobility , prodaime an election for the creation of Trib.Military : I will make 
 •> I forbid. It ('Itrow, that this word [*rff<?]fhall do your felves no good at all: howfoever nowye takefo 
 was the ncgs- tc oreat pleafure to hear our brethren keep that note ftill, and evermore fing that fweet concent of 
 live voice ot a mufick. And furely , thofe threats proved indeed to good earnetf and took effe6l. For there was N 
 Tiibuns. no ele£tion at allbut ofifidilesand Tribuns, and thofe both oftheCoinmons. For L?'r/»;,','jand 
 5e.vt/»Mbein<'chofen Tribuns again, fufferedno Magiflrates ofthe Chair, or of State, to be crea- 
 ted. Which defeft and delolation of foveraign Magidracy continued in the City tor the fpaceof 
 five years: vvhiles the Commons for their part chofe the fame two Tribuns fiill, and they again 
 ever hid a bar and put in a caveat againff the eleition of Tribuns Military. 
 
 All other wars, as good hap was, were afleep for the time. The Coloners only ofrfZ/nv ,upon 
 fo lone reft and quietnefs began to be lurty and wax wanton : and for that there was no army of 
 the Romans H irring abroad, they not only made inrodes fundry timesinto the territory oiKonscy 
 but alloaffailed the town Tiifculum. And when the Tufculans, the ancient Allies and new en- ' 
 franchifed Citizens of i^owf craved help, the Senators and Commons both, were moved efpeci- q 
 ally for very fliame to fuccour them.And the Tribuns ot the Commons yeelded at lengthjand per- 
 mitted an affembly foreleftion, to beholden by an Inter- regent : and Trib. Military there were 
 created, L. Furi::s, A. Manltm., Ser.Sulpttms^ Ser. Cornelius., A. and C. Valerii'Who found not 
 the Commons fo tradable in the muflering, as they were pliable in giving their voices at the Ele- 
 ction. Yet after much ado & great contention they levied an army,and fee forward on their jour- 
 ney : drave the enemies rot from Tufculum only-but forced them within their own walls:befieged 
 Vclnre more flraightly a great deal,and in more forcible manner jthan Tufculftm had been by thern. 
 
 Howbeit
 
 TheJixthBoo\afT,Livius, jgg 
 
 A Howbeit, they that began the fiege were not able to win the town. For before that time, were 
 new Tribuns Military chofen, ^. Serviltus^ C. Veturms, A. and M. CorKchus^ Q^ Qt!iyjtin<,M,^a. 
 hitis. Neither pertbrmed thele Tribuns any notable exploit at F'elitre.'&ui the Stateat home (look 
 in more dangerous terms chan before. For befides that Se.vtim and Lia^nts.thc publiilier-; of tbofe 
 laws aforefaid, were now the eighth timemadeTrib. ofthe Commons again, Fd^nisilih^Tn- 
 bun Military, Srolo his wives tather, was feen openly in the adHon, to let torward and per'.wade 
 forthefamelaws, which in very deed himfelfhaddevifed. And whereas at the firH, ciqiuofthe 
 Colledge or Company ofthe Tribuns ofthe Commons, had croflcd the proceeding of chera: now 
 there were but five lett that fliewed themfel-. es, and thole (as commonly they ufe'to do that dif- 
 B band fromtheir ownfaifion) like men bereaved of their wits and amazed, beino indeed the 
 tongues and trunks that others rp,ike by, pretended and made allegations in their prohibition, 
 cnlyasthey were fchooled and taught their leffons at home : (towit) That a great fort of the 
 Commons were in the army at f^f/rre and abfent, and that the folemn Scilionor AiVemblvforen- 
 afting laws, ought to be adjourned until the return home ofthe fouldiers : to the end that ail the 
 Commons generally, might give their voices concerning their ovvncommodity and benefit. Scx- 
 ttus and UcmtHs with part of their brethren Tribuns, and M. Falfins one ofthe Tribuns Military, 
 being their owncraftlmalfers, knew well enough by fo many years experience, how to manage Lcin^',!, l'!^ 
 and handle the minds ofthe Commons:and plied the chief of the Senators(produced forth before gainft ths ScZ 
 thepeople)fo hard with interrogatories of every particular that was propofed, that they wesri- "atorsforthe 
 
 C ed and tired them out J Demanding, " how they could require to be allowed themfehes to pof- <^°""^°^ P«o- 
 " fefs more then 500. acres a man ; whereas the Commons had but two a piece divided amoncft ^ ' 
 *'them? Whether that every one of them m.ight in equity hold the lands, welineer, ef 300. 
 *' Citizens : and aCommonerto have hardly ground enough for to build him anecefllirvhoufe 
 *' upon, and to ferve for a place to bury his dead ? Alfo, whether their will and plealure w'as-.thac 
 *' the Commons oppreffed with ulury,fbou!d yeeld their bodies «o bear irons and fuffer torment, 
 *'unlefs they paid the interetl before the principal? And thatdaily by whol companies they fliould 
 *'be had away from the bar, condemned to thraldom; and Noble mens houfes to become "oals, 
 " filled and peftered with prifoners? And wherefoever a Patritian dwelt,there fhould be a pri vac 
 " prifon ? Thefe indignities and piteous matters to be heard, when they had with a loud voice 
 
 D charged upon them. even before thofe that were afraid ofthe like meafure themfeives ; with more 
 indignation and difdainofall that heard them, than they themfelves fhewed in the utterinf^snd 
 delivery: '' But thefe Senators fay they (andthat they redoubled) will never make an end euher 
 *' of getting more land ftill into their hands, or Ipoiling and undoing the Commons with ufury, 
 *< until the Commons make once out of their body one Conful,for to be the maintainer and pro- 
 *' tedor of their liberty. AsforcheTribunsot theCommons,they werenow jufinothinsfet by: 
 •'as who by their priviledge of Inhibitions andncgative voices, fpoiled themfdvesanci over- 
 "threw'their own power.And never will there be any indifferent and equal coiirfetakenjlb lonp- 
 *' as the Nobles keep the foveraign place of command, and the fvvord to (Irike whiles the poor 
 " Commons have only the buckler hand to ward all venues. For unlefs the government be parced 
 
 E •'■between both alike, the Commons fhall never have their due and equal portion in the Com- 
 ''mon- weal. Neither isitreafonthat any man fhould ftand contented with this only, that in the 
 " Ele6fion of ConfulS) the Commons are ehgible and capable ofthe dignity : for in cafe;, icbenoc 
 "concluded abfolutly, that one Conful at thelealf fliouldbeofneceffitya Commoner, there wii 
 " never be any at all. Have yeforgotten 3lready(fay theY)that not withR anding an Ad made,Thac 
 *' there {hould be Tribuns Military created rather then Conliils, for this intent that Commoneis 
 " might afpire and reach unto the chief place of honor; yet for all that in 44. years I'pace, there 
 •' wasnot fo much as one ofthe Commoners chofen Tribun Military? And willanvman beleeve 
 *' that they will of their own accord confer upon the Commons(when otherwife they may chufe) 
 *' that dignity in the difpofing only oftwo places, who wereever wont in the making ot Tribun 
 
 F " Military, to take up eight rooms all wholly to themfelves ? And will they allow them a way 
 '« unto the Confulfhip, who thus long have held the (Confular) Tribunfliip fo guarded a^ no man 
 " might hive accefs thither but themfelves ?Nay,itmu(t begotby a pofitivelaw, whith in their 
 *' Alfemblies for EleiVion, by favour and grace might not be obtained. One ofthe Confiik rooms 
 " muft befet afide,paft allperadventureandqiu'ftion, and that for a Commoner, to enter into: 
 "For as much as if it (f and ftill upon achoice, the mightier man will ever go away with the game 
 *' clear. And whereas heretofore they have been wont to alledge and fay. That the Commons af- 
 »' forded not fufficient and able men to bearthe offices of the chair and of (fate : that, now cannot 
 *' be truely objefted. For was the Common- weal,I pray you more flackly and negligently gcvern- 
 " ed upon the (Confular) Tribunfhip of P. £-7c/;w«C4/t7M (who was thefirlt Commoner that e- 
 
 G *' ver was made Tribun MiUtary) chan it was ruled for thofe years fpace. in which there was noc 
 '' a Tribun Military bur ofthe Nobility ? Nay,on the contrary fide it willbe juft ified that fome of 
 " the Nobles were condemned after they were out of their Tribnnfhip; and not one of the Com* 
 " moners. And whereas not many yearspatt^we began to make Qiieftcrs or Treafu:ers out ofthe 
 'Commons, likea?wedid Tribuns Military, the people of /Jew? repented never ofthe choice of 
 " any one of them. It remaineth now, that the Commoners bearthe o Sice of Confuls too ; That 
 " were a fortrefs of their liberty, that were a ftrength and fure hold to truft unto. If they were 
 " once come and ftept to that degree, thenmay the people of Rowf think alTuredly andbeper- 
 
 fwaded
 
 200 
 
 Thefixtb Boo\pfT. Livius. 
 
 «' fvvaded chat the KK. are banifhed indeed out of the City, and their freedom fuily eftabUfii- ^ 
 « ed for ever to endure For, from that dayforvvard Oiall the Commons be parcakers of all trore 
 "things, wherein the Nobles now furpafs them: namely, foveraign rule and authority, martial 
 " renown, parentage and Nobility : great ornaments doabtleis, unto themielves to enjoy here in 
 "' this life -but far greater to leavebehind them unto their Children and Polteruy. 1 hele and 
 fuch like Orations when they faw to be plaufible, and willingly accepted, they prelerred a new 
 Statute That in Head of the two Duumvirs for holy Ceremonies and matters of the Church, 
 there mi<'ht be chofen ten Decemvirs : Provided always, that one part of them fliould le crea- 
 ted foith°of the Commons, and anotherfrom among the Nobles. The Seflionforenaaingotall 
 thofe Laws, they deferred until the army was returned, which lay then at the liege beiore I 
 
 ^But'theyearwas come about and fully expired, before the legions were reduced homefroni 
 thence : and by that means the whole bulinefs about thefe new Laws, hung IfiU in fufpence, and 
 was put off unto the entrance of the new Tribuns Military.AsfortheTribuns of the Commons, 
 the Commonakycho'e the fame again, even thofe twain who had beenthepropofersofthofe . 
 Laws. And the Tribuns Military were thefe, T.Quintiin-, Ser. Cornelius, Ser. Sfilptttus^ Sp. 
 ServUius.L.PaDiriM, L. Veturms. Prefently in the beginning of the year, they put unto the 
 jump and final trial what fhould become of thofe Laws. And when as the Tribes were called, 
 and none of the Tribuns CoUeguesffepped between to ftop the proceeding of the Law-givers : 
 the Nobles were afraid, and ran unto their two lalt helps, cowir, thehigheft and abfoluteof-K 
 fice, and the greateft man among them. They thought it good therefore to create a Diaator. 
 And M. Furitis Camillus was nominated, who elected unto him L. ty£myliM for General of the 
 horfe. TheLaw-makerslikewifefor theirpart, againa fo great preparation of their adverfaries, 
 armedatall parts the caufe of the Commons, with ftout (tomack and couragious heart. And 
 having aflembled an Hall of the-Commons, they called forth the wards to give their voices. At 
 whatlimetbe Dilator accompanied with a great train of Nobles, full of wrath and menacing 
 frowns, took his place and fet him down. And after the matter was canvaffed firft, by the 
 ordinary conflict of the Tribunsamongthemfelves, whiles lomepropoundedj and others gain- 
 faid the Law with their negatives voices; and that by how much in right the prohibition was 
 theflronoer, fomuchit was overweighed in favour and affeftion both of the Laws and Law- L 
 
 * (Aijt pro. givers : and when thefirft Tribes had given their voice (* Utirogatu) affirmatively : then C<;w//- 
 fomi^ The /^^ pof 35 much as(quoth he) O Quirites^ ye are ruled now by the willand pleafure, and not by 
 jorraofan Af- ^^^ authority ofthe Tribuns, and as in times part ye obtained the priviledge of a negative voice 
 inJ^'hTtuti! and MntercefTion by your departure and Seceflion, fo now ye make it void and nothing worth, 
 nics. " even by the fame force that ye got it by: I,chofenDii1atoras well for your fake as for thewhole 
 The Oration Common-wealth will afli(t your priviledge of Interceffion^and by mine abfolute authority main- 
 of ;kf. ?uy'ini jjjp jj^jj ..Qyj. [,£ip gnd fuccour, now reverfed and overthrown. If therefore C. Licinius and L. 
 D^a'atortodie Sextinh give placeunto the negative vciceand interceding of their fellows in Office; Iwillnoc 
 Quirircs. in a meeting and affembly ofthe Commons, onceintermedle, nor bring in the authority, ofa 
 
 * intmtjjton Ma^ iHrate ofthe Nobles : but if they {ball go forward Hill (notwithrtanding all prohibition) to M 
 fignifieih here impofennd "ive Laws unto the City, as if it were won by conqueft of the enemy, 1 will not fuf- 
 '^fhT%^^^ fer the Tribuns power by their own felves tobe defaced and come to nothing. But ^all thefe big 
 ofthe Com"" wordsnotwith(fanding) when the Tribuns ofthe Commons madebutaiufh thereitjand went 
 monstodeny never the lefs forward with their enterprize, then C!w///«/ throughly angred indeed, fenchis 
 and flop any Liftors and Sergeants to Command the Commons to avoid the place anddeparc: Threatning 
 Aa, ihac u vvithal, that if they proceeded thus, he would take a Military oath of all the younger peep e,and 
 P»">°f' lead an army prefcntiy forth of the Ciry. This put the Commons in a very great tright, but it "»c 
 
 their Captains and Ring-leaders, rather in a greater heat of contention, than abated their coura- 
 ges one jet. Andwhen he fawno relenting oneitherfide he gave up his office: Whether it were 
 that there was fome error in his creation (as feme have written j or becaufe the Tribuns ofthe N 
 Commons had put up a bill to the Common?, and they granted it: that ify5/. Fttrhu (asDifta- 
 
 * nfo. /Rerl. tor) had proceeded to any aftion, he fhould have a round fine fet on his head of 500000 * Afles, 
 
 I know not certainly. But I beleevethachewas terrified upon fome unlucky figns of the birds, 
 rather then with any fuch flrange Aft never heard of before, and without precedent. And here- 
 unto am I induced, both in regard ofthe difpofition ofthe man !o well given and of fo good con- 
 fcience, and al'o tor that P. Marilius was immediatly named Di6t:tor in his ffead. For to what 
 end fliould Manlius have been created Didstor for that broil and (fir, wherein Ai. FnriHs had 
 taken the foil before? Again. feeing the lame M.Vv.riuA was Diaarorrhe next year folio wing .doubt- 
 lefs, he would never for fliame haverefumed that office wherein the vear before he had received 
 the foil and difgrace, tobe fo overruled. Over and belidcs, at the fame time when as this bill was q 
 fuppofed to have been preferred, concerning his fine, either he might have withffoodit too, 
 f whereby he faw himfelf to be bridled) or elfe he had not been able to have hindred fo much as 
 thofe, for whi.h thisalfo was propofed. Finally, it was never feen to this day wherein we live, fo 
 long as the Tribuns and Confuls with their fa^ions and parts-taking have been at variance and 
 debate with all their might and main, but evermore the authority ofthe Dilator controlled 
 them all, and put them down. 
 Between the former Ditlatotfhip of Camillus now refigned up, and the new by Manlius accep- 
 ted
 
 Thefixth Bo9{ofT. Li vi us. 2 or 
 
 A ted and begun, there was an aflembly of the Commons fummoned by che Tribuhs, in time as ic 
 were ol: a vacancy or Interreign: wherein the overture was made and evidenriy itwaslcen which 
 of the laws propofed the Commons liked better, and which the Law-givers. Forihoie that 
 concerned uliiry and land, they granted to pa fs, but that other of a Commoner to be Conlnlj 
 ihey denied and dallied quite. And fiirely both matters had been difparcbed fully and eiiabhfh- 
 edacon.e, but that the Tribunsfaiddire;^l:ly5 that they required the Commons, togivetheir 
 voices and Ipeak to all three dirc(ftly together. After this, P.Ma>.Lus the Did.u or favoured 
 fomewhjt, and helped the caufeot the Commons, by nominating our of the Commons for his 
 General of horfemen C. Lici>int<^ who had been a Tribun Military before time. The Senators 
 Bilormcd herear, aslfind in records. And the Diftator was wont to exvufe the matter unto 
 them, alledging for himfelfthe neer affinity and kindred that was between him and Uamus : fay- 
 ing alb, that the dignity of the General ofhorfemen was no greater then of a Tribun Confular. 
 Now when the ektttion day was publillied for the Tribuns otthe Commons, LictmmznA Sex- 
 r;W fo demeaned themfelves, that by pretending that they would nut an) longer now continue 
 intheolVive, they fet the Commons on to be molt earnelf and hotly bent tor that, whiih they 
 under colour of refufal, denred and fought for. They feemed, forfooth, to alledge and fay, 
 " That for thefenins years they had llood, as it were, in battel array, and affronted the States 
 *' and Nobles otthe City, to the right great peril ofthemlelves in privat, and to no good effeil 
 " at all in publick: and now together with them, both the laws propofed, and the whole llrength 
 
 C "of the Tribuns authority, were waxed old and decayed. At the tirll their Laws were croiled 
 "by the interceding ottheir brethren Tribuns : afterwards by packing away the youth of theCi- 
 *' ly tothe Velitern war: and liH of all, the Dictators lightning flafl-ied in their faces, and their 
 '* thunderbolts fliot againf^ them. '' Now (fay they) neither their fellow Tribuns withfiood 
 " them, norforraign wars hindered them, nor yet the Dictator himfelf, as who for his part hatli 
 " given a good fore-tokening and prelage of a Conful Commoner, in ele>iling his General of 
 *' horfemen out of the Commons. The very Commons and none elfe, arethcy that hurt them- 
 " I'elves, and delay their owngoods. Who might prefently if they would, have rhcir City, their 
 *' common Hall, and plate of affemblies freed from rhefe Creditors : yea, and their grounds re- 
 '* covered again trom the unjult Land-lord ; Which benefits and liberties, when aretheylike 
 
 *• to weigh and elieem with thanklul minds accordingly, ifin the very time that they areto ac- 
 "cept the Laws dcvifed for their own wealth and good, they cut off all hope of promotion and 
 <' honour, from thepubiifhcrs and propolers thereof? Foritlkndeth not with the modeflyof 
 ^'thepeopleof Aowe, to require to be ealed themfelves ofufury, and to be fet in poilelTion again 
 <' of the land, wrongfully vvitliheld from them by themighty men: and then toleave ihofeold 
 "Trib.by whofe means they have comeby thofegood commodities, to flaitt for themfelves, not 
 " only without honor .but aifo without all hope of honor.Let them hdf therefore fet down with 
 '"• themfe!ves,and refolve, what they are minded to do : and afterwards in the elefl ion of Trib.de- 
 *-clare the fame openly. If they would be willingto fpeak affirmatively to thofeLaws-,all jointly 
 "as they wereprop'"unded,thenthere werefomerealon tochufe the fame Trib. again: and then 
 
 E " would theyenait&eftablifii finally that w hi, h they hadpubliflicd. But inc fetncir wil wasto 
 "accept of that and no more than which ferved each privat mans turn then there was fmalneed 
 " or none at all to have them ftil in ofli< e, with t heenvy and grudging of fo many. And to be iliorc, 
 " neither would they accept of the Tribunfl-iip any longer, neither fliould the Commons have 
 " ihofeLaws ratified, which were already granted. When as all the leti of the Senators were 
 " ftruck into their dumps and blank, for the very indignity to teethings thus g6 ; At the lalf , one 
 ^ppifisChudiiisCr^fus ^the nephew or fbns ton of that notorious ^^pp'ns the Decemvir) upon . 
 
 a malicious mind and fell liomack, asit isreponcd, rather then for any hope he had todilfwade Jf^ il^c^tu- 
 the matter, Good up, and tothis effe6tanfweredthatl"o(loutand peremptory Ipeedi oftheTri- diksaf!>ina 
 buns, in this manner. "Itcanbenotirange matterto me, nor unlocked for, O Qiiirites,ifthat iheTnbunsof 
 
 F " vvhich hath been the only thing at all times obje6fcd by leditious Tribuns againlf ourhoufe, T 'lie Commons, 
 '' alfo fliould hear at this prefent : to wit, that the whole name and linage of Clatidi:-, have ever 
 <• from the firft beginning, regarded nothing more in the Common v/eai, than the Majefty and 
 " honorofthe Senators and the Nobles, and always tec and oppo'ed themfelves againlUhe good 
 "and well-farebf the Commons, Of which two challenges, the one I neither can, nor will deny 
 " anddifavow: namely that we fmcethefirll time that we wereentranchiledCitizen?,andther- 
 " with at once takeii into the number of Senators, have endeavoured and flrained our felves, that 
 *' it might be faid and that truely, that the honor and dignity of that (fate and degree, into which 
 *' it wasyourgoodpleafurewefl-iould be incorporate,and graced with, was byus augmented, 
 '' rather then impaired. And as forihe other challenge, this Idare be bold, inmine ownbehalf, 
 
 G " and in the nameof myanceflors and progenitors, to aver,0 Quirites.that^unlefs a man vvould 
 " think whatfoever is done for the Weal-publick generally, is direffly againR the Commons, as 
 *' ifthey weremeer alien'; of another City) we to ourknowledge have praftifed nothing, witling 
 " and willing, either whiles we lived privat, or during the time we bare office, prejudici,ill to 
 " commonalty: and that neither in deed nor word we can be iulf ly charged to have wrousht and 
 " contrived any ihinf^ contrary to your good: although peradventure fomewhathath fallen out 
 "crofs againlf your \vill and mind. But were I not a Cl'udiusy and of that family, nor delcended 
 *' of noble blood, but tome one of the Bnrgeffes or Citizens: and knew my felf to be but free 
 
 born,
 
 2 oi Tbefexth Boof\ofT, Livius. 
 
 '' boro, both by father and mother, and to live in a kee City : could (think ye) hold my tongue? fj ' 
 «' but frankly ipeak and layjthatthefeperpetual Tnbuns(God fave zWJL.Sextii^y and C.L,a>,t- 
 " «a mean have for nine years Cforfo long they have played Rex)ti\itn lo muth iiponthem,and 
 " been fo bold as to fay they will not permit you to have free voices^neither infolcmn ailembhes 
 '• for eleaions, nor in Seflions and Parliaments for allowing and ordaining Laws ? Upon condi- ' 
 " tion rquoch one of them) you fhall make us Iribuns again the tenth time. Wh Jt is this ellc but 
 « to fav ' That, which other fue for, we fo f-orn and diidam, that accept ot it we will not, with- 
 ': out oood hire and recompense And what reward and conl.deration is this,good Sirs,tor which ' 
 '^ we may haveyourVVorfhips, our ever-Tribuns? Marry (quoth he) thatye will accept jointly 
 « tcneih€r and at once, all our laws, whether they like you or diflikc you:whether they be good I 
 " and wholfom, rr bad and noifom. Now I befeech you good Tar^jHuis (Tribuns of the Com- 
 "mons 1 would have faid;imagin I wereoneof the ordinary Citizens, andfhouldtrom outof 
 •^ the multitude aflembled.fpeakoutandfay : Pleafethic your good grace, Sir, that out ot thefe 
 " laws propoiinded,wemaychufethofeihatwe thinkgoodand whoilomforus, andretufeand 
 '« difanul the reft . [O (quoth he) that may not be. Thou mayd allow,belike, and ordain,concer- 
 ffi'ihcDcr " ninc'ufury ccnterninglands.which tendtothecommodicyofyou all.Butnow beware of bugs. 
 Ton of sixtius " Thil monllrous and portentous wonder muft in no cafe be permitted in Rotyte.thzt thou llioul- 
 or Lwnius, cc cjgft fee L.Sf.vf/;«,and this perillous tellow C. Uamus to be Coniuis,which thy heart nleth at, 
 within thefe cc ^j, j which 2,oeih againli thy liomack. Nay, nayjcither accept of all or 1 will propound none at 
 marks [] jj all IThis i'; all one,as ifa man (hould give him that is hunger-bitten; and ready to ftarve,poyfon K 
 \j K h "and meat together: and bid him either forbear the wholfom food to prcferve his life, or elfe 
 
 ?f.r«5 in his " to take the deadly bane to hallen his death.But it this were a free State indeed,wouid not ma- 
 own petfon. " ny a one have cried out and faid, Avant you and your TribunOups, out upon you with your 
 "laws.WhatSir?Hovv ifyoorMaflerAiip will not put up and prefer chat which iscommodi- 
 • '• ous and profitablefor the people to accept : is there none,think you behdes jhat will propound 
 *«it? If any Nobleman, ozxiin-jCUtdau (which they take to be more odious) fhould thus 
 <fay, EJtkcr take all, or I rvlll propoje t^oae at all. Wh'iih ot you,Quirites,would endure it? why? 
 "will ye never regard the fubllance more thentheperfon; the matter rather then the man? Buc 
 " allis well taken and heard quickly, which that magillrate (halfay. And wil ye always hear with 
 "the wrong or deaf ear, whatfoeverany of usflialhaptoi'peak ? Wei, the words are naught, L 
 " and the fp'eech (without queftion) very uncivil and rude. Now let us fee what manner of law 
 " it is, that they fiorm fo at, becaufe by you it is rejefted. In good faith, O Quirites,much like 
 ''unto their language. This I require (quoth he) that itmight not be lawful foxyoutomake 
 " Coff. whom ye wil.For what elfe demandeth he,who would have it enacted by exprefs tearms, 
 "chat'cneatleaii of the Cofl", mu(l be a Commoner of Neceflity, and leaveth it not unto yout 
 "choice to make two Noblemen Cofl". Ifwe had wars atthisday, fuchasfometimethe Tufcan 
 " war was when PorfnA was maOtr of the J.i>iicle and kept chat piece againll us ; or fuch as the 
 " GauKvvarof late days was, when the enemies were LL.andpoflcfled of allche City here, but 
 " the Capitol and fortrefs only ; fetcafe, that L. Sextins fhould be prickt and propounded ei- 
 " ther with this M.Fttrim herein place,or with any one other of the Nobles, and Hand to be Cof. M 
 " wou d ye abide that Scxtms fliould be undoubtedly Cofl. and Cdmill»4 ar devotion and in ha- 
 " zard totakerepulfe? Is this indeed to belJow your dignities indifferently with evenand equal 
 " hand' That two ot the Commons;forfooth,may beeleiledConfuls,andnot twolikewifeof 
 "the Nobles? And that one ot them muH needs perforce be created out of the Com. and in the 
 " eleftion of both the Nobles may be overflipt? What fociety is this, what community and par- 
 "ticipation? Wil not this ferve thy turn and content thee, that wherein thou hadft no title nor 
 " intereft afore, thou fhouldll now have thy part : unlefs in feeking to have a portion,thou pluck 
 " all unto thy felf? I fear me (quoth he) if both Confuls might be made of the Nobility, ye 
 '* would chufe none at all of the Commonalty. What is this elle buc to fay ? Becaufe willingly of 
 " your felves, ye would not chufe unworthy perfonsand unmeet, I wil bind you therefore of ne- N 
 " ceflity, to eledt thole whom otherwife ye would pafs by. And what folioweth hereupon buc 
 '• this.that the Commoner who ftandeth with two Patntii, may plainly fay, and that truly, he is 
 " not by voi; es c hofen but by vertue of a law, and fo ackno wledg no benefit received of the peo- 
 " pie, nor be beholden at all to them, for their grace and favour ? Thus feek they_ means to wring 
 "your dignities fiom you, and not the way to fue for them : and would fo obtain the greatefljas 
 *' that they might not be obliged & bound unto you for the leafl : and had rather get honours and 
 "^ offices by advantage taking and cunning fleighcs, then by their own vertue, defert, andwor- 
 " thinefs. But there is fome one that fcorneth to be pried and looked into, and to be confidered 
 "ashedeierveth : who thinks it meet, that he alone among the other Compedcors, thatconteft 
 *' and (land infuir, fliould be fure of offices and promotions, and will not fubmit himfelftoyour q 
 t' cenfure : who would have your fuffrages, of voluntary. to be conllrained : of free,to be thrall and 
 j'fervil. IfpeaknotofL/V/«i.'/jand Sextins' whofe years ot their continual government ye reckon 
 j^ upon, and mark up in the Capitol, as they ufed fometime, to count the years of the Kings 
 (• reign. But what is he this d.iy in the City, ot fo bafe, fo abjeft and low condition,that by the ad- ■ 
 j' vantage and benefit of this law, hath not eafier accefs to a Confuldiipjhan we and our children m 
 J* have ? As for us truly.ye may fometime mifs of chufing us,would you never fotain : but for chem ^ 
 ■'' ye muft needs, yea, though full againll your mind. And thus much concerning the indignity 
 
 and
 
 Thejevemb Boo{ofT. Liv'ius. 2,02 
 
 A *' and unworthinefs of the thing; For, dignity and worthiness, Italte, to be matters properly to 
 " men pertaining. What (hall Ifpeak now ot Religions, and of the lolemnity of the Aufpices, 
 '* which imply a meer contempt and injury done to the immortal gods? Whoknovveth not' 
 *' that by the approbation of the gods, tehihed by flight of birds , this City was firRfoundcd? 
 "that by the fame Aufpices, all hath been ordered and direded, as well in war abroad, as in peace 
 •' at home? And who be they that have to do with thefe tokens and prclages, by ancient cuiloru 
 *' and tradition from our forefathers? Forfooth even the Nobles and none elfe. AsforcheMaci- 
 "ftrates of the Commons, none are chofen with regard of flight, light, and ieedinc of the birds 
 "Buttons, f hey do lb properly belong, that hot only thofeMagilirates of the Nobles, whiLh 
 B ''the people create, they do not otherwife eleitlutby obfenationofthebirdsjbut wealfoour 
 " felves, withoutiheaflentand voice of the people, do nominate an Incerrexby means of the 
 *'tirds: yea, andin the private aifions of our life, we are guided by them at home, which thefe 
 *' Commons ufenot in their very offices. What then meaneth he elle, but to take thefe ^ufpicia 
 *' out oftheCicy, who by creating Commoners to beConiulS;depriveth the Nobles thereot,who 
 *' only may have and ufe them ? Now let them mock on and feoff at ourreligions.Let them deride 
 *' our Ceremonies, What makes matter ("fay they^ if thofe pullets peck or eat not ? What if they 
 *' come fomewhat late out of their coup or cage ? What if a bird hng auk or crow crofs and con- 
 *' trary ? How then ? A great pieceof matter furely. Small things, I confefs they be: but as 
 " fmallas they are, our an^eLlors by not contemning them, have brought this C. W. to a flou- 
 
 C " rifhing flate. And we now adays, as if we ftood not in need of the grace and favour of God, 
 *' pollute all holy rites and ceremonies. And therefore let our prelats and high Prielf s, our Au- 
 **gurs, and King at facrifices be created(it skilleth not how)evenout of tbecommon multitude: 
 *'Letus fet upon any mans head Cit matters not whofe, fohecomeinlikenefs ofa man)the Miire 
 *' of y«/)/ffr his F'lamin. Let us commit the keeping of the Anciles or heavenly fliields, and the 
 '* fecret fan6luaries ; let uscommit the gods themfelves and the charge of their holy fervice io 
 *' thofe, unto whom we may not lawliilly nor without impiety. Let nolawesbepublifhednoc 
 *' Magiftrates created folemnly, with regard of birds at all, and of the wil of the gods. Nor in the 
 *' Centuriate aflemWiesholden by degrees, and Cufiat-meetings by the wards and parillies ; kt 
 *' not the Senators bePrefidents and have theirauthority and royal afl'ent. Let Sextms and Ltci' 
 
 t) *'»/«/, like ^aww/^/ and T^tt'Wjraign together, as fellow KK. in the City of^owf, becaufethey 
 '* give away fo freely, the monies, lands and territories from others, Sofweetand favory itisto 
 «' prey upon other mens goods. Never confider they, nor look fo far into the matter ^that by one 
 *' ofthefe goodly laws, our fields wilbe defart and waft e, by ejevSfing and difpoffeflipg the ri'^hc- 
 ■*ful land-lords: and by the other, all credit in borrowing and lending, in taking and putting 
 *' forth of money fhal be abolifhed. And then farewel all humane fociety, commerce and inter- 
 *' courl'e whatfoever. In thefe refpeds therefore, thus I conclude, and would counfel you, in any 
 *' wife to (fop, fruflrate anddifanul the overture and proceeding of thefe laws: and in fo doin'^, 
 *' Ipray Godblefs and fpeed you wel. This Oration of A}ftis thus far only prevailed, that the 
 time of publication of thefe A6fs, was cut oft'and deferred. But the fame Tribuns Sextins and Li~ 
 
 E <;/«;«/, being chofen again the tenth time, propounded this law and had it ena6ted, That of the The Dcr-m' 
 Decemvirs fordivine fervice and Church matters, fomefhould be created ofthe Commons : So, virs createdo 
 five of them wereoftheNobles, and five of the Commoners: whereby they feemed to have gai- 
 ned already one good (kp onward unto the ConfuHliip. 
 
 The Commons contenting them.felves with this vi6tory, yeelded unto the Senators, that for 
 the prefent without any mentioning of Confuls. there fhould be eleikd Tribuns Military,So there 
 were created A. and M. Comdii the fecond^time, Af. Geganms-, P, May.ltus^ L. Vetmnts arid /'. 
 Valerius the lixth time. At what time, when as (but for the (lege oWclitr/twKKh was like to be 
 for fervice a long piece of work, rather then for ilfue, doubtfulin theend) the Romans wereac 
 reft for any forraign troubles, the fudden and un'.ooked-for news of th^ Gauls war, drave the Ci- 
 
 F ty to chufCiT/, F«?-?«jDlitator the fifth time: who took unco him for his General of the horfe- 
 men,T, Q^tifitius Pen-nm. CimAtm writeth.that this year the Gauls were fought with, about the 
 t'lvei A nio: and that there was that noble combat upon the bridge, in which, T. Mayiltus\ni\\Q 
 fight of both armies flew in fing'e fight a Gaul that had challenged him and given defiance.andde- 
 fpoiled him ofhiscollerofgold. But there be more writers that induce me tobeleeve, that this 
 exploit was performed ten years after: and that in this year the G.uils had a battel given them by 
 M,Fnriits Dictator, in the Albans land : where the Romans h,'.d neither doubtful nor dangerous 
 vIiftory,although the French made them afraid at firft in remembrance of their ionner overthrow. 
 Many thoufands of this barbarous nation were fliln in field, many alio fell upon the fword In 
 theircampafteric was won. Some were fcattered and fled, and thoiemoft (who took the way to 
 
 G -Apulia) faved themfelves from the enemy, both by flying fo far, and alfo forthat uponfearthey 
 were fodifl ratted and parted one from another. The Senators and Commons agreed and made a 
 decree, that the Di6latorfl"iou!d triumph. Who fcarcely h.^dmadean end of that war, but he was 
 welcomed home with a more hotter and more dangerous Sedition within the City. For aftet 
 many fliarp bickerings and contentions theDiiftator and Senat borh, were overmatched and o- ,• i • 
 
 vercome,ye3, and forced to accept the Tribuns laws aforefaid. And alio in dcfpiteofihe Nobili- firif^cmmo-" 
 lyanddo whatthey could, there was an aflembly held for elecHon ofConruls:in which L.Sex- rennatwas 
 n'wwas created Conful, the fir(t Commoner that ever fat in Confuls chair. Eutthebroi's chofenConlui, 
 
 (laid
 
 1 04 Tbefeventb Boo\0fT. Livius. 
 
 ftaid not there.For,by reafon that the Nobles detiied to approve & give affent thereto^the matter pj 
 was like to grow unto a Se.eflion and general departure of the Commons, yeajand to other fear- 
 fultearms and perilous threats ot civil wars and inteftiri troubles, Howbeit, by means of the Di- 
 lator, the flames were quenched and the di'icords appeafed, upon thele capitulations. Imprimis, 
 that the Nobility fliould accord unto the Commons to have one Confulfrom among theml'elves. 
 Jtent-^ that the common people ftiould be content that the Nobles might out of the Patritii create 
 a Pretor or Lord chief JuBicefor oyer and detcmitKer incaufes within the City. Thus when alter 
 long angerthetwo Rates of the City were grown to unity and concord, the Senat thinking it a 
 worthy matter(&good caufe they had verily as everany time before)willingly determinedjfor the 
 honour of the immortal gods, to fet out thofe moW ftat'ely [Roman] playes. And whereas before I 
 they had continued but three daies.to add one more, and to celebrate them full four. And when 
 the ;Ediles of the Commons refufed that charge &: excufed themfeU es.the younger Gentlemen of 
 the Nobility cried all with one voice,Thatthey would mott gladly do that ferviteand honor to 
 the immortal gods, fo as they might be made iEdiles for that purpofe. Thanked they were gene- 
 rally of all hands ; and the Senat made a decrecjThat the Didator (hould propofeunto the people, 
 that two men of the Nobility might be ^diles, and that in all the Affemblies and EledVions for 
 that yeatj whatfoever paffed, fliould be ratified by the foveraign affent of the Senators. 
 
 "^ K 
 
 The Seventh Book 
 
 Of the Hijlories ofT, Livius ofPadvLajfromthe foundation of the 
 
 City of Rome, 
 
 T; 
 
 The Breviary of L.Florus upon the Seventh Book. ^ 
 
 ' WO ften officers of State, to rvit, the Pretor^if a«d t/Edilefhip of the Chairl were adjoined to 
 the reji. The City rvasfore vi/itedwith the fefl Hence', which ivas more noted by reafon of Fu- 
 rius Camillus who died therein. The remedy and end -whereof-, whiles they fought to procure by brin- 
 ging in nnv andftrange Kdiq^tons, at length they devifed fiage-playesy which then firfl yvere fet forth. - 
 M. V om^oriius aTribun of the Commons ^ arrefied L. Manlius/or his exceedir.g rigour in tal^ino- 
 njf'ficroffouldurs' and for confining and hardly intrenting his own fan, T. Manlius, for »o crime or 
 ha-nons offe?ice. Andthe youngman himfelf-, whofe co.finingand rfvfufigewai laid unto his fithcrs 
 ch.'rge, entred the bed-chamber of the faid Tribun^ drew his Skean and forced hir/t tofwear unto him., i/I 
 thathewotildleifallhisfuitandproceednofurthcr. Then allnsifchicfs intended, were lad apart and 
 had an end. Cuitias armed at a'l pieces, mountedupona Courfer, rode headlong into the wide gaping 
 chink_or gulf Wit hint he City ofKome., andfo it prtfcntly filled up again. The fame young Manlius, 
 who hadfreedhii father fromthetroubles of theTribanj entred into combat with a French-man that 
 challengedany one cfthe Roman Souldiers tofingle fight, /lew himt tool^ from him his colar of Gold, 
 which he ware about his neck^afterwards himfelf e, andthereofwas called TorqiUtus, Two Tribes 
 more were added, Poutina and Publicij . Licinius Stolowas condemned by a Ltw of his own makina^ 
 becaufe he held in pojfejjlon more then five hundred Acres of ground, M. Vilstias a Colonel of one 
 thoufandfoot, killed a G^^ul, who challe^jged him to fight : and I hat, by the means and help of a RaVen 
 that fetled upon his Mo/iif?:, andwith tallons and 
 rned Cprv inus. For which vcrtue and valorous . 
 
 onsand bill annoyed his enemy, and there upon was hena-f^ 
 BUS A&^, he was the year next following created Conful, be- 
 
 ing not full three and twenty years old. Amity was concluded with the Carthaginians. The Campaines 
 being warred upon by the Samnites-craved aid of the Senat againftthem : and when they couldnot fpecd 
 yetldedtheir City and Territcrytothe people o/Rome, (('hereupon it was thought goody fceincr both they 
 and theirs, were now becomepycprieta-ytc the people c^f Rome, that they (kould be difeydcd by force 
 of arms agaiy;fi the San: nit es. When A. Cornelius the Conf.d, hr.d Icdhif hofl into a place ofdfvantage 
 andwas ingreat penl, he was by the indnfirious fervice of P. Decius a Colonel faved : who havinir (rai- 
 Ttedthe hilltop, which commanded the ridge-, whereon the Samnites lay encamped-, gave the Confulop- 
 fortumty to efcape andpufs into a plain ground: andhimf.lf, notwiJ'fiand-ng he was environedby the 
 enemy, hake through tlem, and gat away. The Roman fouldters lefttn garrifon at Capua, having 
 coyifpiredto ksepthe City to their own behoof, were detcBed andtheirplot difclofed'- and far fear of pu- ' 
 mlhment, revoltedfrom the people e/Rome contrary to their allegeance : but by the policy And wifdom 
 o/M.CorvinuSif/itf/ wererecLimedfrom their outrage., and r'fiored again to their countrey. Moreo- 
 ■ver, this book_conta'neth the fortunate wars againfi the Hermcks, Gauls, Tyburts, Privernats,Tarqtsi- 
 nianSf Samnites, andVolfcians. 
 
 The
 
 Thefeventb Boo{ ofT. Livius. 
 
 Thefeyentb Boo\ ofT. Livius. 
 
 HEre enfueth a year of efpecial note and mark, for the Confulfliip of a man newly ril'en : 
 alio for two new offices, the Pretorlliip and iEdiieOiip of the Chair, Both whuh dig- 
 nities , they of the Nobility purchaled to them!'ei\es in lien of granting to the Com- 
 mons one place ot the two Conl'uls. 'I he Commons beltowed the ConhiilLip upon 
 L. Sextiiis for his good fervice , in propounding the law , whereby that promotion was hrti ob- 
 B tained. The Nobies conferred the Pretorfhip upon S^. IcuritisCamillnsint fon oi Aiarcta •■ and 
 the ifidilediip upon Cn .Qjiintms C ipnolinpti lind P .Comeliw Sci-pio, perfonages of their own or- 
 der anddegree : So gratious were they with the people in A^arshcld. L, Scxtn/s had companion 
 with him in government, L, t/£miliHs Mamercus one of the Senators. In the beginning ofthe 
 year, much debate there was and hard hold, both as well about the Gauls who at tne firit ranged 
 abroad over nil * v^;)«//.z, and were now ('as the report went) gathered together : as alfo concern- *Puglli, 
 ing the Rebellion ofthe Heinicks. But all matters being pur off on purpole, until a further time, 
 becaufe nothing fhouldbedoneby this new Conful a Commoner, all things were (H J and quiet, 
 as if it had been vacation o^: Non-terra : this only excepted, that the Tribniis muttered and could 
 not endure with patience, that for one Conful of the Commons, the Nobiliry had^ot to thcm- 
 Cfelves three Magilhats, all ofthe Patritii, fitting like Confuls, with their purflcd and purpiediorg 
 Robes in Ivory chairs of eitate, And as for the Pretor behdes, as L. chief Jufticc to hear and de- 
 cide caufes , he was fellow with the Confuls 5 and wich the fame Aufpices and authority created. 
 Hereupon the Senac was abaihed tobeinUant and to enforce that jEdiles of the chairiliould be 
 chofen out of the Nobility. And firft it was agreed amongli them , that every fecond year they 
 fhould be elefted forth ofthe Commons : Afterwards, indifferently one with another in com- 
 mon,vvithout that regard. Now when L.Gatutins undQ^Srrvi/ins wereCoC and all ac good reft 
 for any home-fedition or forrainwar: behold. le(t they fhould at any time be void of care and 
 danger, therebegan a greu plague 5 In which died, as men tay,oneCenror, one .£dible Curule, 
 three Tribuns ot the Commons : bf^fides, many a dead corps from among the multitude, was ca- 
 P ried forth. proporrionable to the reft. But above all the bitter death oiC^'millHs and muchlamen- Thcdenhof 
 ted (notwithdanding rhe long and goodly time he had in this life) caufed thi'; peHilence to be M. fm'iMCH' 
 much fpokenofandrememhred.Forhe was (in truth) the only pe rfon in all fortune both of pro- m\\lH%. 
 fperity andadvenity. as wellin pe:ceas w.ir: a rare and fingnbrmanbcforehisbanirnment, and 
 during the fame more famous and renowned : either in regard that the City hadaHnifsof him, 
 and being taken by the enemy in his abfence fought untohim forhis help ; or in refpedt of his hap- 
 pinefs, in that together with his own reftitution home he therewith reftored his natural country. 
 And after this, for 2 5 years fpacc (for fo long he lived afterward,) he bare himself anfwerable to 
 the tide of fo great glory: accounted worthy to be furnamed and reputed a fecond founder after 
 Rrratdns-, ofthe City oiRonie. All this yeir long and the next which followed, when T. Sulmtius 
 E PeticH!.^ and C.Licinijis Stolo were Conl'uls, the ficknefs continued. By reafon whereof, nothing 
 was done worth remembrance, but thatfortoobtain the mercy and j^^ra.e of rheGods, there 
 was a Le£lilkrn folemnized, which svas the third fince the City was fin} founded. But when by 
 no device of man, nor help ofthe Gods, the violence ofthe ficknsfs affwaged i theirmindsand 
 confciences were fo poffefled with fuperftitiortft-hac among other pacifications and appeafinas of 
 the heavenly ire, the ftage-playes (a ftrange and new device for a warlike and martial people,who 
 atbre time iifed only to behold the folcmn games and feats of (Irength and a6livity, in the great 
 Lills or Race called OrcrtJ-) were (as men fay) firft begun and ordained. But (as ail beginnings Sta^e-plalere 
 lightly are) a fmall thing (God wot) it was at firft : without fong and metre, without gelTure and ''^^."^""^^ 
 ai\ion futablennto fong and ver!'e,and the fame alfo meet outlandifh. For the players, who were '"•*""*"• 
 F fent for out of Hetruria-, as they danced the meafures to the minfirel and found of flute, gellured 
 not undecently withal, after the Tufcan fafhion. But in procefs of time the youth began to imi- 
 tate and counterfeit them , jeRingpleafantlybefides one with another, andfingingin rude rimes 
 and difordered metre: and their gefture was forting with their jefts and ditties. Thuswa;this 
 thingfirft taken up- and thus with much ufe and often exercife^praftifed. And hereupon our own 
 Country Aftors and artificial profeflors of this feat, were called H//?;-;^^/, of ^//i'if^ a Tufcan 
 word, which fgnifieth a player or dancer. But thefe uttered not fas they ufed afore time) in '"' 
 their turns one after another , difordred , confu'ed, and rude vcrfes, liketo theloofeandbaudy 
 Fefcenine rimes: but went through and rehearfed out, whole S.ttyrs , full of muiival meafures, 
 with a fet concent of fong a!fo,to the inlkument ofthe manftrel and with geHure agreeable there- 
 G"nco. Certain years alter, Livms, who was the firft that after the ufe ofSatyrs,ventured to fet [AnJronicus] 
 forth an Enterlude , of fome one argument and uniform matter, is reported to have been himfeif 
 (as thev vvereallnodoubt inthofedayes ) the Author and Aitor both, of his own verfes and 
 fongs: But being fo often called on by the people to play , that he became hoarfe again, anJ loft 
 his voyce, he gat leave to fet a boy to fmg before the miniirels. And fo being filent him'elr, he 
 a6fed the fong with more agility and nimblenes of motion a good deal: for, not employing his 
 voyce, he had no hindrance of liberty in gefture. Then began the players to hare others 
 to fing , and th ey themfelves ufed their voyces only in ailing their parts in Comedies dialogue- 
 
 T wife.
 
 2o6 Thefeientb Boo\ofT. Livius . 
 
 wife. After that, by this order taken and LawofPlaye? , they came from laughter and pleafanc j^ 
 conce'ued Mirth, and chat this palHme and fporc turned by litlcard litle toamethoduai Arc and 
 profeflion: Then the youth leaving toComocdians, tlie ailing ol parts in tntcrnidcs .began olttr 
 the old manner toletfiye,one at another,merry feoffs 2ndjelis-,inieriaced within their rime and 
 meeter, whivh thereupon were afterwards callea £AW.vr, and wereinfertedtommoniy in the A- 
 lellan Comedies. Which kind of lport,the youth learned firff oftheO/«: and ha.jngon: e taken 
 it up, they held it Hill, and would not fuffer it to be diUayned and dilhoDelied by c( mmon play- 
 ers. And hereofcometh it, that the A6fors in the Atellane Interludes were neither diip.accd ouc 
 of their own tribe, nor made JErarn-, but ferved in the wars, and have the Cities pay, as if they 
 were not bafe Comccdians, and Profeffors of infamous players craft. Thus have I thought good, j 
 amons; the fmall beginnings ofother things, to fet down theOriginal of Stage-players alfo: that 
 it may appear, that the thing ariling from a conlider.ue encrance;is grown no w to this foolery and 
 excelfive fumptuoufnefs, as hardly can be defrayed by mort rich and wealthy Kingdoms. And yet 
 thefe players atfirft, employed about a religious buimefs, neither rid mens minds offcrupleand 
 fuperftition, nor eafed their bodies one jot of ficknefs. But rather, when by occafion ofanover- 
 flow and inundation of the Tyber-y thtCircm or Theatre was drowned, and their playes in the 
 very midd hindred and interrupted, this occurrent mightily troubled and affrighted them, as if 
 the Gods had turned away their face and countenance, and rejeifed all their endeavours in theie 
 appealings ^their wrath and indignation. Therefore in the time that C/j. Genmim^ and E-mylins 
 yl/;^werc«; were Confuls the fecond time, when mens minds were bulied and troubled moiein ^ 
 leeking means to pacify the wrath of the Gods, than their bodies vexed withdifeafes; the elder 
 fort and grand figniors called to mind that in old time there was a plague aflwaged and gave over, 
 r ft-, by the driving and fanning of a fpike or great nail by the Didfator. The Senat upon a religious 
 tious driving devotion perfwaded herewith, caufed a Dictator to be created , for to faflen the nail aforefaid. 
 cfanail. And there being chofen L. yl/rf;7/i«j/wpfr/'o/«^, he nominated for his General of Hor!emen,Z/./'/- 
 fiarius. There is an old law written with ancient letters, and in antique words, That the chief 
 *ti of Scptem Pretorfor the time heing^ihot:ld in the * Ides of September dr.ve afprh or nad. Well, a nail was dri- 
 ' v-en, and fiuck fa(f on the right fide of the Temple of J^pzffrOpfJw*/;' Ai^ximm^ on that hand 
 where as il/zwyz'^Chappel llandeth. That nail, becauleinthofedayes there was but little wri- 
 ling>fhewed,as they fay. the number of the years. And thereupon that Law wasfet up in Mt/ier- \^ 
 ■z^rff^Church, for that Minerza was the inventrefs of numbring. And Ci;jtitiS a diligent writer eif 
 fuch monuments,and a fiudious Antiquary, affirmeth ,That ar r<;//7»/7therenuckluch fpikes to 
 be feen in the Temple o'i Nortia^ a goddefs among the Tufcans-to quote and reprefent the number 
 of the years. Now, as concerning the Temple of Jupiter OptimMsMaximus-, M, Horatms the 
 Conful (by an ac> in thatbehalf provided) dedicated it, the ye<)r next enfuing thcexpulfion of the 
 Kings. Afterward?, the folemn manner and cull ome of fanning a n li!, was transferred from the 
 Conlnls totheDiiliators, as to thegreater and moreabfolnte Maj^iltrjiy. And in procefsoftime, 
 this cuflome being difcontinued, it wasthoughtathinginitfelf worthy, forwhich a Diilator 
 fltould he created. 
 
 L. Manlim being eleifed [as isabovefaidjfor thiscaufe, asif heliad beenca'ledto that dignity y, 
 t'or fome wa'', and not to free the people from their ftruple of confcience : and intending himfelf 
 war againlt the Hernicks, plagued the youth with a giievous mufier : until at length all the Tri- 
 buns ofthe Commons taking againlf him, oppofed themfehes : and were it by force, or for very 
 fli-Tme, he relented, and refigred up his room. I^^verthelefs, inthe entrance of the year next fol- 
 lowing, when Q. Serwlms Hda. and L.Genuims the fecond time were Confuls , M, Pomfoyaus a 
 Tribun ofthe Commons arrefled M.z;ltns. Hiscruelty in taking of the mufiers was odious, not 
 only forthelo's anddammage that the citizens fulfaincd thereby, but alfo for rearing and mang- 
 ling theirbodies partly by Icourging them with rods. who anfwered not to their name,ard part- 
 ly clapping Irons upon them in prifon. But above all, his own cruel difpolition by nature was 
 hatefuK and the furnamc (^/»;;)m«/«j; otfenlive , efpecially toa freeCity. 7 his name he got by N 
 pcmtm '** "*' P'^'" ^^^^"^ °^ ^'^^ cruelty, cxercifed no lefs upon his neereff friends and kinsfolk, yea, and his very 
 own bloud, than upon Hrangers. For amongff other matters, the Tribun laid forero hisiharge, 
 that having a young man to his fon, dereded ofnolevvdne's and difhonefliife, himhcbadba- 
 Thecom- nillied (as it were) cut of theCity , from hi?houfe and home, debarred from thecommon Hall 
 plaints ot M. pj^j , pgp |"oht of men from the company of his mates and companion';, fet him todri'dgery and 
 TtTbuoeouiie ''^''^'' \"vc>rk,and betaken him as it were, into a prifon and houfe of corrciYion : where, a Difta- 
 O.ni.agjiiift torhisfon a young Genticimnhiehly defcended.by this daily miferynf his, wa^taught to know, 
 L.AiinitM. that he had indeed a Lord y and imperious Sir, to hi^- fther. '• And for what great offence, I 
 ■■'• pray yon ? Bccanfe he was notfofair fpoken, nor all the readied with his tongue. Which in- 
 '' firmity and defev5l of nature, ought nor a t'ather to have born vvithal and cloaked (if there had q 
 "been any goodnefs, any common humanity in him) rather than to punifii it, and by rough 
 ' hand. ing, and lliarp ufage, to make it more known .md notorious-. ? Why ? even the very biute 
 '"beads, ifit (hancc that any of their breed or yorrg ones prove but untoward ly, feed and che- 
 " rifli them Hill neverthelefs. But as forthis2../i/?>;//«y,heaugmentcth o:-!e inconvenience and 
 " default in his fon, with another: whombei'^gbn: foft and flow of nature, hekcepethdownthe 
 more: and that litic life and mall mci^l fh.-tis in him, hegoeth about to quench and dull at 
 once by this peafants life and nodical ufage , and converfing amongff the cattehnd besffs, 
 
 The-fe 
 
 ':,
 
 nejeventh Boo{^ofT.tj'mus, 207 
 
 fs. Thefe bitter complaints and accufations moved the patience, andRirred the liomacks of every 
 manelle, Iboner than the young man liimfelf. Who contrdry-vvife was grieved in his mind, that 
 he fhould beacaui'e of his fathers troubles , thus to in.ur the ill will and obloquy of the people. 
 And that all the World, both Heaven and Earth rnight know, that he dehred rather to luccour and 
 help his father, than toaHillhisadverfaries and foes, heentreth into a courfebefeeming and be- 
 wraying (I mult needs fay) a rudeand ruRical mind. Which, although it favour nothing of Civi- 
 lity, yet for bis kindnefs and dtiiifili piety to his father, deferveth commcnd.ition. One morning 
 betimes he gets him up, and unknown to every one ot the houfe, with a good skein dole by his 
 iide, to the City he goes : and from the gate (Ireight wayesdirertly to A-!. /'<;,^;;)9..'«j theTnbun x^e kindncti 
 Bhishoufe. Hetelleth the Porter, that he muft needs fpeak wich his Mailer out of hand, willing oiT.Mmliui 
 himtolet him underlland, that T.^;t>z///// the fonofL«c/«^,vvas there. And being immediately whistathcr, 
 let in, (tortheTribun hoped,that thefon was throughly angredlvith his f:ither;and brought new 
 complaints, and onematter or other againft him, or fome devife and overture, how to proceed in 
 the commenced Attionj andfalutationspafledto andtro behveen theTribunand him,hefaid, 
 that he was to talk with him apart out of allmens hearing. So the room being voided, and all 
 commanded to depart far enough out oftheway,hedra\veth out his skein rand leaping alolt up- 
 on the bed , Hood there, and held it full bent againll him, and threatfted prefently to give him the 
 ftab,unlefs he would fwear the oathhefliouldtender unto him,namely, never to call an Allcmbly 
 or Hall of the Commons together about his fathers inditement, or impanel a Jury ngainll him, 
 CTheTribunaffrighted(feeing the naked weapon glittering before his fjce,himfeit all alone and un- 
 armed, tne other a rail and lully young fellow, and, that which was as much to be feared as the 
 red, fool-hardy, and prefuming upon his (Irength) took the oath in that form as he put it unto 
 him. And afterwards he gave it out plainly and confefled (for his excufej that by this means he 
 was forced in fpight of his heart, to fur*, eafe his fuit, and give over his enterprife. But the Com- 
 mons were not fo much offended at the Ton , forgiving fuch an adventure in his fathers quarrel: 
 but they could have been morecontented and better pleafed , chat it had lien in their power to 
 have pafled their voyces, for the condemnation of fo cruel and proud a prifoner, as they had un- 
 der their hands. And the more praife-worthy was this defign of the fon,becaufefo great rigor of 
 the father, wrought no alienation at all in his hean:,from the affeilion at duty that he owed unto 
 J) him. Sonoconly the father efcaped his arraignment, but this aiVionofthe young man turned to 
 
 his own honour and preferment. For whereas, this year it was firft ord.nned, that the* Tribuns * ATiibunin 
 or Colonels fhould be chofenby voyces of the legionary fouldiers (for aforetime, as at this day, a Legion, cal. 
 theGenerals themfelves made them, whomthey call Rufnh) in fix places (for fo many were ele- \^<^ chilUnhns, 
 £ted) he obtained the fecond room : and that, in regard of no defert otherwife, either at home or ! ^5'°'°'1'^ °^ 
 abroad, which might win hiin this favour,as who had fpent his youth in the country altogether, j"oo [foot- 
 far from the civil lociety of men. men] 
 
 The fame year, by earth-quake or fome other forcible violence, the commonplace called fo- 
 rKw, clave and opened wide, welneer in the mids, and funk down to an exceeding depth : neither 
 could that chink or pit be filled up by cafting in of earth (notwithdanding every man laboured and 
 E brought what he could j before that they began to enquire, according as they were admonished 
 by the divine Oracles, what it might be, wherein themolf puiffance and greatncfs of the people 
 oi Ro7necoT)h[\cd. (For the wifardsprophelied, That if they would have the Rate of A'^»?i? to re- 
 main fure forever, they fliould dedicate and otferic, whatfoever it was, unco that place, ) And 
 whenthey were in doubt what this fhould be, it is reported, that /7/.("«^/i;«, a right hardy knight ^_ cuniHshig 
 and martial young Gentlena an, rebuked them therefore, becaufe they doubted whether the Ro- valor and re- 
 mans had any earthly thing better than armour and valor PHerewithjafterfilence made,, he lift up fiction. 
 his eyes, and beheld the Temples of the immortal Gods, fcituatneerto the Forvw, and the Capi- 
 tol likewifc ; and ilretching forth his hands,one while toward Heaven, another while to the ga- 
 ping chinks and gulf in the earth, toward the infernal fpirits beneath he oflcred and devoted him- 
 F felf to afllired death. And mounting upon a brave courfer, as richly crapped and fer our, as polTi- 
 bly he could devife, armed as he was at all pieces , he leapt Horfe and man and all into die hole. 
 The people, both men and women, threw in a'ter him lundry gifts and oblations, andfruics of 
 the earth in great plenty. The place was after called O/rf/wI-j^/r, ot his name, and not of that cuvtim ticui 
 CHrtiui Afetiiu in the old time, who was a tbuldier under Ti'ut Te.titts. It I could by any means 
 fearch out the truth, I would not fpare for any pains in that behalf. But now feeing that byrca- 
 fon of antiquity the certainty is not fully known, wemurt goby the common voyce and report of 
 men. And verily the name ofthc lake is more renowned and noble by occafion of this later and 
 frefhertaie- than the other. 
 
 After the expiation of fo great and prodigious a wonder, much confuitation there was in the 
 G Senate that year, as concerning the Hernicks : for having fent their Hcraldsunto them for reftor-a- 
 tion of harms done, but to noeffe61:,they determined with all convenient fpced to prooofe unto 
 the people, for to proclaim waragainll the Hernicks, and bid chemdefian-c. The people ccneral- 
 lywithone voyce liked thereof, and approved it. The charge of that fervice and exploit fell to L. 
 Gcymtim'K\\% lot, toundertake. Now forthat he was the lirll Conful ofrhe Common= thatby his 
 own aufpices and conduil: fliould manage war, the City was in great expeftation of the fequel 
 and iffne: and according to the event that fhould fall out, good orbad in this journey- they were 
 tojudge,whethcrthey had donewellor amifsto communic^u thefe dignities with the Common.'?. 
 
 T 2 But
 
 2o8 Thefeyenth Bool\ofT. Livius. 
 
 I. Ginuiiut But it fortuned foithat G(f»«f/«i being with great preparation and power fet forth againrt the ene- ^ 
 Coafiil flijd, inies,was entrapped by an Ambuicado,his ledons upon a ludden tear unlookedfor deteated,him- 
 felf(theConful; environed round about,andfla}n by thenijthat wilt not whom they flew.Which 
 tidings being brought to Rome, the Senators were not fo penfne and forrowfui for the con noii 
 calamity, as they fumed and took on moll infolently, for this unhappy expedition and condudf of 
 the Commoner Conlul: and muttered in all places thefe and iuch like fpeeches : '■'■ Now let them 
 "go and create Confuls again out of the commonalty , and iranilate the ^«y/)/«^ whither they 
 " ought not. What ? Becauie the Senators by an A6t of the Commonsjmight be defeated and dil- 
 " poflefled oFtheirdignities-Aould fo inaufpicate aud irreligious a law. prevail likewile againil the 
 " Gods immortal ? Who now themfeives have taken the matter intotheir own hands,and main- j 
 *'tained their power, their deity and Aulpices : which werenotfofoonmedled withal, and pol- 
 " luted by one that had no right thereto, nor lawful title, but both the whole army, and Captain 
 " alfojwere vanquifhed and overthrown ; to teach them for ever hereafter, how they make their 
 *• folemnEledionsofMagiftratsconfufedly, without regard ofthe rights and royalties of noble 
 "houfes. Thefe fpeeches both Councel-Houfe and common place rung again withal. Sothe 
 Conful Serviltw with confent of the Nobles.named for Didfator Jpfitu ClaudittS',viho had afore- 
 time in an Oration before the whole aflembly ofthe Commonsdiflwaded the proceeding of that 
 law ; and now with greater authority blamed the mifhap of that counfel, which was by him mif- - 
 liked and reproved. A mufler was proclaimed,and a publick Vacation- But before that the Di^fta- 
 tor and thefe new enrolled legions were gone as far as the Hernicksconfires,the other army under j^ 
 the leading of C.Si.lpitim the Lieutenant , by occafion of an occurrent that fell out there, got a 
 good hand againlt their enemies. For when as upon the death ofthe Conful, the Hernicks ad- 
 vanced in fcornful and contemptuous manner, dole under the camp ofthe Romans, with a full 
 hope to be maHers of the fame ; behold, what with the exhorration ofthe Lieutenant, and what 
 for anger and indignity, wherewith the fouldiers ftomacks were fuU^they made a fally out againft 
 them. Whereupon the Hernicks came fo far fhort of their accompt, that they had no hope to 
 affailjnOjHor approach the rampier : andfoindifaray they difmar>.bed and departed. Afterwards 
 by the coming in ofthe Diftator with a frefli power, the old army was reenforced double. The 
 Dictator in a folemn audience, having praifed the Lieutenant and his fouldiers for defending their 
 tents fo manfully, both encouraged them that heard themlfelves fo highly commended according i; 
 to their deferts, and alfo whetted on the reft to perform the like valorous fervice. The enemies 
 on the other fide were nothing flack to prepare themfeives to fight again: who in remembrance 
 ©f the honour they had already won, albeit they were not ignorant that the Romans forces were 
 redoubled, encreafed their own power alfo. For the whole Nation ofthe Hernicks, even as many 
 as were able to draw fword,were called forth to the wars. Eight cohorts by themfeives confifting 
 of four hundred in a band were enrolled, even the moll able and choice men of all others. This 
 ele6l and efpecial flour ot their youth and manhood , they fed with hope and encouraged the 
 more to this fervice^ becaufe they had taken order they fhould have double pay. Freed they were 
 befides from all other labour and Military toil that being thus referved to intend the fight and no- 
 thing elfe, they fliould make reckoning and know, that they were to indeavour and ftrain them- j^ 
 felves above the ordinary carriage of fouldiers. Placed alfo they were in the battel, apart from 
 the other ranks: to the end their valour and manhood mioht be more feen and marked. Between 
 both camps of the Romans and Hernicks, there was a plain of two miles in length : and there in 
 the mid way in a manner, was the battel fought. Firft, the fight was doubtful on both fides, 
 whiles the Roman Horfemen charged and recharged again, but ever in vain, to fee if they could 
 break their battalions. Thus when thefervice on Horleback, proved lefs in effeft than in attempt, 
 they asked the advife and craved leave of theDiilator: which beinggranted, they abandoned 
 their Horfes,and with a mighty fliout,ran forth before the enfigns, and renewed the battel afrefh. 
 Neithercould they have been any longer endured , but that thofe extraordinary bands oppo'ed 
 themfeives, and received them with equal might of body and valourof heart. Then was thefight N 
 maintained between the braveyouth and principal flour of both nations.And look what flaughter 
 there was by common hazard of war, as well ofthe one fide as ofthe other, the lofs was greater 
 forthequalicy ofthe perfons, than the proportion ofthe number. For the reft ofthe common 
 fouldiers, as if they hadfliitted from themfeives the whole confliil , and betaken it to the van- 
 guards only, repofcd their own event and hap in the manhood of others. Many a man on both 
 parts was fmitten down and dyed in theplace,but morewere hurt and wounded, '' At laft, thofe 
 *■' Horfemen that difmounted,fell to call and rebuke one another.asking what hope remained elfe 
 "befides? If neither on horfeback they were able to drive the enemies back, nor on foot force 
 "them to give ground and remove them, what thi[d kind of fervice looked they for? Why leapt 
 "they out foluifily and bravely into the forefront before the enfigns? and fought in the place of q 
 '' others? With thefe words provoking one anoiher,they pluckc up their hearts, and with a frefh 
 fhout fet foot forward and gave a new charge. Firft, they compelled the enemies to retreat and 
 lofe their ftanding : thento give more ground : and at length plainly to turn their back and run a- 
 way. Hirditistofay,beingfoequallyandindifiT2rentlymatchedasthey were, what itwas that 
 turned the ballance andgive the viifory : unlefs it were theperpetual fortunethat ever followed 
 both nations, able to advance the fpirit and courage ofthe one,and to daunt and abate the hearts 
 ©f the other. The Romans had the Hernicks in chafe^all the way loBgjfo far as to their camp : but 
 
 becaufe
 
 TheJevembBoo{ofT,L\vm. 2691 
 
 A becaufe ic was far in the evening, they fiaid from availing it. tor by reafon that it was long ere 
 the Dl<il:ator could by lacrifice gather any aflured token ofGodsfivonr, he founded not the bat- 
 tel before noon: whereby it continued until night. The morrovif at[er,were the Hernicks fled and 
 their camp abandoned : only ibme hurt and wounded i'ouldierswel-e found left behind. But one 
 troup of them that forfook their enligns (when asneerunto their walls and forts their banners 
 were difcovered, ilenderly accompanied,aild with few about them) was Icattered abroad over the 
 fields, and in great fejrHragled all about, and iliamelully fled away, Andyetthis vid^ory of the 
 Romans I. o(i them well the letting on, and fpentlbmcbloud : for they iolt a fourth part of iheit / 
 men : and that which was no I'mall dammageunto them/ome of the Roman liorfemenalfo were 
 Bflain. 
 
 The next year following, when C. Sulfitius and C.UdrAus C. hus the Confuls, were gone with 
 a power .igainit the Herni.ks , and finding not the enemy abroad in the country , had by force 
 won Foreminum a Town of theirs : in their return homeward, the Tyburts kept their gates fimc 
 againii them. And after many complaints and unkindnelfes ripped up betvveen them: thislall 
 quarrel was it,that moved the Romans by their Heralds (alter reliitution and amends demanded) 
 to fend defiance, and pioclaim war againR the people oiTy'sur. That I'ittisQjumius Perns was 
 Diitator that year, and Ser^.Cori3-/i::s Mrdugiuenfis General of his Horfemen, it is agreed upon 
 by all author;. M.-cer LiciniHs wriceth that he was created for the holding of an aflembly for Ele- 
 ction of Magilirace<;,and that,by the ConfulL-'r/w/;: becaufe when his fellow Conful made haft 
 C to have the Eledion before the war , thereby to continue his own Confulfliip) it was thought 
 good to withlfand and meet with his naughty defre inthatbehalv But L/Www/ [yl/.!,;??-] iti 
 ufurpingiohisranne and family, that praile and commendation, maketh himfdf to be of lefs cre- 
 dit in writing ot the relt: efpeially, i'eeing that in none of the old records, I find mention of 
 any fu..hmj'ter. Mine own mind giveth me rather, that the Diflatbr was created becaufe olthe 
 Gaul> tumultuous war. For cercainly that year they encamped therofelves three rhiles from 'Roinc-, 
 beyond the bridge oi" Amo, in the way Sala -ia. The Didatcr hav ingproclaimed a. Vacatien, « r^jiirnu 
 becaufe of thefe troubles of the Gauls , received the Military oath of all the younger fort; and 
 with a puiflaut army departed the City, and upon the very banck on this (\dz of Aitio pitched his 
 ten's-. In the mid way between them and the enemies there was a bridge : which they 
 D would not break down on either part, lefttheyfhould be thought fearful cowards. But about 
 thefeizing and gaining of that bridge, firff , there was manya skirmifh: and judged itcoiildnoi; 
 be, confidering the equal forces of both fides,whofhouldbemailersofit.Theh advanced forward 
 unto the bridge {\ oid of all guards) a mighty tall and big Frenchman, and as loud as ever he could 
 fet out a throat, makcth this challenge ; Now f quoth he^ let thebraveft gallant that Rome hath, 
 come forth and fpare not, to combat if he dare, that the event of us twain may fhew whether na- 
 tion is more valiant and warlike. The brave Knights and youths olRome, held theirpeaceagood 
 while, both abaflied to refufe thechallenge> and alio unwillingto run upon the prefetit hazard of 
 afinglefight. Jhtn T.A'favlifisi the (on oi Lncifis, evenhe who releafed his father from the Tri- 
 buns troubles, goeth forth of his quarter uhto the Di6btor. ' ' Without your leave and exprefs f, mahUu m 
 E "commandment (quoth he) ONobleSoveraign.I would never prefume to fight cut of my ranck thiL.Geneia?, 
 *' and Ifanding, no, not if I fliould fee aflured vidory before mine eyes : but if it will pleafe your 
 *' Excellency to give me licence,! will fhew Unto that bealf yonder ( that fo proudly and luflily is 
 " come forth leaping before the enemies enfigns, and braving as you fee^ that I am defcended of 
 " that houfe and race, that gave the whole army of the Gauls the foil and turned them down the 
 " Cliff Tarpsi:'-. Then faid the Diftator unto him, God blefle thee T. Ma::tius : On forth a Gods 
 ; Name: in this thy dutiful mind and zeal that thou carrielf both to father and Country : Go on I 
 fay, and with the help ofthe Gods, perform the Roman name to be invincible. Then his fellows 
 and companions holp to arme the young Gentleman. Alight footm.msfhield hetakesunto 
 him, and a fpanifli blnde by his fide, more handfome to fight fliort and clofe. Being thus armed 
 F and fet out, they bring him forth againll this vainglorious Gaul, fet all upon joyful foolillily, 
 and (as the an. lent writers ha\e thought it worth the noting and remembrance) (cornfully lol- 
 ling and blaring out his tongue. Then the refl departed every man to hi-; own quarter and ward: Thj-jo^t 
 and the two armed Champions were left in the midll , more hke afclfivalfpeibcle and patieant betw«n r. 
 to behold, than any fight infield fniting to the manner, guife, and law of combat, confidering MMtiHtaxsii 
 they were not equaliv matched, if a m.'.n fl-iould judge by the eye and outward view. The one of "J'>=.f"y big 
 them of perfonage mighty and ex.eedingtall, his coat armour of fundry colours and gay, his har- *" * 
 nefs glittering andalidamasked and engraven with gold. The other , a man of a middle * fta- ,^. , ,,... 
 tureofSouldiers, nogreatfliew of armor, and that rather fit and handfome, than gaudy to be- or'five''fooi^ ' 
 hold: without any hooping, finging, and joyous vaunting of himfelf, without vain-flourifhes andKninchcj. 
 G and fhaking of his weapons in the air : but he had an heart full of refolute courage, flomack, and 
 clofe anger within, referving all his fiertcnefs and eagernefs unto the very combat and tryal of 
 fight. Asthey flood thus between the two armies , and fo many men all about looking on , in 
 doubtful fni'pen.e between hope and fear , the Ginl like as he had been a huge mountain alofc 
 over the other , ready to fall upon him, held forth his target with the left hand to bear off the 
 fword of his enemy ( oming ncainil him and let drive a down-right b'ow edgelong , that it re- 
 fourded again ','pon bis Oiield and did no h^rm at all. The Romanbearing his own fword 
 wiin the point upward, and with his fliield having fmitten the nether p.irt of his enemies target, 
 
 t 3 and
 
 2IO 
 
 TbefeienthBooIiofT. Livius. 
 
 * Wearing a 
 colar, otC»r 
 qum. 
 
 * Tivoli. 
 
 and turned it afide, got with his whole body dofe within him, 2nd without the danger of being p| 
 hurt: and when he had wound himfelf between his enemies body andhis Iword'; point, he re- 
 doubled one or twofoins, and thruUhimup into the belly at the groin, and To overthrew him. 
 There lay the Gaul along, andtookupa great ground in length. When he wasdov.n, withonc 
 any turther mangling and tormenting hiscarcnfsjhedefpoiled him onlyot his colar of gold, which 
 embrued asit was with blood, he did about his own neck. The Gauls with fear and admiration 
 of this l-.ght were aftonied. The Romans with great cheerfulnefs came forth of their wards and 
 quarters to meet their champion , and with great praife and congratulation brought him before 
 the Dictator. And as they merily call forth (as the manner of fouldiers is) certain pleafant ditties, 
 ballad-wife, but without artificial skill of poetry, theywere heard lohnmmc him* Torquatus: j 
 whith afterwards was taken up and commonly ufed,and became an honorable name to his polie- 
 rity, and the whole houfcbefides. Befides all this, the Diftator bellowed upon him a coronet of 
 gold for a reward,and openly before the whole audience ofthe army,highly and wonderfully com- 
 mended that fight of his. And certainly, that combat was of fuch confequen:e;and made fo much 
 to the event ofthe whole war, that the night next following, the hoft of the G.uils,fearfnlly aban- 
 doning their tents, departed into the Tyburtin country : and being drawn into a fociety of war 
 with the inhabitants of* Tji^^r, and liberally by them relieved with victuals, they paffed within 
 a while into Ca>r/pa>7i(i. Which was the caufe that tlje next year ,. C. Tetilius Balbus the Conful 
 (when his fellow M.Fabm Ambufius was by lot,fent with commiflion againll the Hernicks) led 
 an army, by the appointment ofthe people, againfl the Tyburtins. To the aid of whom, when j^ 
 the French were returned out oiCampania ; there was foulfpoil and havock made in the Lavican, 
 Tufculan, and Alban territories, by the leading and condu,a , no doubt of the Tyburtins. And 
 whereas the State (food well contented that the Conful fliould be the General commander , a- 
 gainlt tbefe enemies the Tyburtins I this new trouble and tumult ofthe G.iuls,c,iufed a Didator 
 for to be created. Kndt\\iiviz% Q^Serti'hts Hala, who named for his General of Horfemen, T". 
 Quintim. And by the authority and aflent of the Senators, he vowed to fet out the great games, 
 in cafe he fped well in this war. The Dictator havingcommandediheConful with his army to 
 tarry flill,tha t by his own condu6\ of war he might keep in the Tyburtins, took the oath of all the 
 younger people : and there was not one refufed to go to the war. Not far from the gate Collma 
 was this battel fought, in the fight oftheirParents, Wives and Children. Great incouragements, L 
 doubtlefs , to cheer up and animate men , abfeni and far off: but now before their eyes, partly, 
 for fhame, and partly, for pitty and compalTion, they fet the fouldiers all on fire. After much 
 blood-flied on both fides, at thelalf the army ofthe Gauls turn back : and being put to flight,they 
 made half to Tybi.;-', the very ftrength and fort ofthe Gauls war. But as they fled (Iragling one 
 from another, they wereencountredby the Conful Petilnis not far from Tjbur. And when the 
 Tyburtins ifliied forth to fuccour themjthey with the reff were beaten into the Town. Likewife 
 the other Conful F^/'u^jfirfl: in fmallskirmifbeS) and atlafl in one notab!epightfield,vanquifhed 
 the Hernicks, at what time as his enemies charged upon him with all their forces and whole 
 puiffance. The Diftator having highly commended the Confuis, both in the Senat-houfe and al- 
 ' foinapublickaflembly ofallthepeople, and attributed the whole honour of his own A6ts unto j^ 
 them, gave up theDiilatorfbip. PetUms^ obtained a double triumph, over the Gauls and the 
 Tiburts. For F.-r^w/it was thought fufficient, that he flionld enter into the City Ovant, in a pety 
 triumph. The Tyburtins fcoffed and made good game at the triumph of P^r/7//^.f. Fotj^where 
 " was it (fay thcyj that they encountred and joyned battel with us ? There went forth indeed out 
 " ofthe City gates a few of us to behold the flight and fright ofthe Gauls : but feeing our felves 
 "alfotobe fet upon, and killed one with another as we came in the way, we reiired back, and 
 " and got the City over our heads. And was that fuch a doughty deed, that the Romans fhould 
 " think,itdeferveda triumph ? But thattheymay not deem it flill,fo noble and fo wondrous an 
 " Aitjto inakefome fiir, and raife a tumult in the enemies gates : they fliould thcmfcKes fee fliort- 
 " ly greater fearfulnefs, even under their own walls. Hereupon, the year folio wing,yv hen M.Po- j^ 
 p:lL:s Lenas^ and C». Manlv/s were Confuls, atihe firft watch ofthe nioht,they came from Tyhur 
 in warlike manner to the City oi Rome. This fudden occurrent, hapning fo fearfully in the night 
 feafon, (f roke a mighty terrour into them.that haflily awakened out of fleep. Befides,many there 
 were that wifl not, either what enemies they were, or from whence they came. Howbeitthey 
 cryed Alarm with all fpeed , on every fide. The gates were fortified with wjrders, the vvalk 
 manned with ftrong guards. When as early in the morning, they were defi.ried to be but a mean 
 number of enemies before the Town , and thofe none other but Tyburtins ; the Confuls Tallied 
 out at two gates, and aflailed both wayes their forces-, as they were now comeunderihewalk 
 ready to fcale. Then was it feenthat they werethithercome prefumiug rather on the vantage of 
 the time than trufling in valour and manhood: lo little were they able to abide the firft brunt and q 
 charge givcnby the Romans. Furthermore>it was well known that this their comming turned to 
 the Romans good : tor,the difcord chat was now breeding between the Senators and the Com. for 
 fear of this fo neer danger v.'as quitelf aied. But in the next war thr.t enfued the enemies came after 
 another fort,ard were more terrib.e to the fields and i.ounrry,ihan to theCity.For iheTarquIni- 
 ansover-ranallthemarchesoftheRomanpalcwaftingandfpoilingallthofeparts.efpeciallythac 
 border upon Hetyi:ria. And after re!rKution& amends demanded ,but to no effeft the new Coff. 
 C^Fabf»s^C.Pl>t»ti;is^hy the ordinance ofthe people proclaimed war againtt them. The rumors 
 - • ' alfo
 
 Thefeventh Boo^ofT. Livius. 21 1 
 
 A alio of the Gauls war began co be rife. But: amid theie manifold and fearful troubles, this was their 
 comfort, that the Latins had peace granted unto them, upon their ownfute : and f onitheni.ea 
 great power was received-,accordingto the ancient league, which for many years (pace, they had 
 Jet pais and difcominued. The Roman fori er by this aid vveiUirengthned^madea lit^htermaitcrof 
 itjwhen they heardthat the Gauls were arrived alieauy at I'rofjl-^^ and were fit down and en- 
 camped about Pedum. It was thought good that Coalpittus fliould be ihofen Diiltatornamed by 
 C.P//««f/«^-fcntforto the famepiirpole. Unto wtiom /!/, J^aUrtus vfi^ appointed forCommander 
 of his Horfemen. Thefemarched againii tlic G.-Uis with the thoi^e fonidiers of two Confular ar- 
 mies. This was a lingnng war and protraittd i0ni;er a greit deal than bcth panics ,iked of.At the 
 
 B firitjthe Gauls only were iLarp let and eager 'ibattei:but af:crwards the Roman :ouidiers,by rulli- 
 ing into fightand sl<irmi!li,ex.eeded ur tlierer^enefs and forw irdnels of theFren'.h.The Diitator 
 was nothing pleafed herewith, to pi;t all upon thehazardof tortune, when ihere was no need at 
 all, elpej-ialiy having to deal with that enemy, whom i;ra6t of time and difadvantage of the place, 
 made daily worfe ?nd worie: being unpro\ided bel^des of icluals and making 'cng abroad with- 
 ort any fenced fort : mo. cover, of that (ioma'.k aud conlitiition ot body as feivcd whoily for ex- 
 pedition and quick fervice, and by fmall dela yes waxed feeble and faint. Upon thefe conf derati- 
 ons the Didator held off lliil and drew the waronlengthjandhad proLJaimed a grievous punifh- 
 mentif any without his exprefs commandment Q-iould light with the enemy. The fouldicrs could 
 not well brook this :but firll within their wards and watches beg;n among rhemfelves to carp at 
 
 C the Diftator : and otherwhiles they let flie at the LL. of the Senate in general, blaming them for 
 their direil:ion,in that the Confuls had riot the managing of this war. They have chofen indeed 
 (fay they) ahngular General on fetpurpofe, a Captain alone, who thinks whiles he httethflill 
 and doth nothing-, the victory will fall from Heaven, or flie into his very lap. After this they be- 
 gan openly abroad, and in the day time, to call out the fame, yea, and vvoriefpeeche; tooand 
 more malepart : namely thatthey would either fight, and ask the Dictator no leave, or go along 
 in order ot battel to Ro/^te, The Centurions alio joyned themfelves to the fouldiers : and not on- 
 ly in conventicles and knots together, there was whilpering and grumbling: but in the very * »AphceI n 
 JPri!7cip!a,yca,!iT)d within the quarter oftheL.Gcneral his pavilion,\vere heard confufedfpeeches thecan^P- 
 togetherin one accord. So as the multitude began now to grow to a full afl'embty, andfromall 
 
 D parts to call and cry aloud, to go prefently to the Dictator : and that 5'f.v.-T;i<////« Oiouldin the 
 nameof the whole army fpeak unto him, as befeemed his vettue and courage. This Tulltiis no\'^ 
 had been feven times already a priiriipilar or principal Centurion : neither was there in the whole 
 army ofallthofe that ferved on foot,a man more renowned for feats ofarms. He poin" before 
 the army of footmen,fteppeth to the Tribunal. And when as 5«/p/r/«j marvailednot fo much to 
 fee that company, as the leader of the company Tidius-, who of all the fouldiers had ever been in 
 beft order and m oft obedient. "' This is the matter (quoth he^ O Noble Dictator and nothing .. 
 " e fc, The whole army in general,fuppofing themfelves by you condemned of cowardice,and in a ^}^l ^ n'/°«(i 
 •' manner to their utter fliame abandoned, and difarmcd, have Intreated me to plead their caufe unto'*he Di- 
 " before your Majelly. And I formypart, laflureyou, incal'e wemight be charged to have loft ftator. 
 
 E ''ground anywhere, in cafe we had turned our backs upon the enemy in cafe we had loft our en- 
 'Mlgns fhamefully , would think it yet a reafonable fuit to be obtained at your hands, that you 
 ''would give us leave to amend that which is amifs^to correcl our former fault with hardinefs and 
 " valour, and by fome frefh and glorious exploit, to cancel the remembrance of fo foul a foil and 
 '' fhamefgldifhonor. Even thofe very Legions that were defeated and put to flight ziAlUa^ after- 
 " wards j;h their return from Ft i/, recovered the l"ame country oftheirs by valour, which they had 
 " once before loft through cowardice.But weby thegoodnes ofGod, through the felicity of your 
 "felf and the people of /cflwf,have hitherto kept both the army unfoiled,?.: honor unftained.And 
 *'yet I Icarcedare fay,honour;irfobe,that not only our enemies may with all reproachful rearms 
 " fcorn and flout us,as if we were women pent in Si mewed up clofe within our rampierbut alfo 
 F '^ you ourGeneral(themorcisour griefjideem usyour army.iobehcartlefsjhandlefs Scarmour- 
 *'• !efs:andbeforeany tryalofusmade.todefpairofus,asifyou tookyourfclftobcaCommander 
 " ^Leader of a fort ofraaimed&teebteper.ons.ror what eife may wc think of it-that you,3nold 
 '^' experiencedCaptain and a molt valiant warrior fliould ht as they fay, with, one hand in another, 
 " doingnothingPFor howfoever the truth i? indeed.morc meet it i.s,that you fliould be thought to 
 '• doubt of our valor,than we of yours.But ifth'is benot ade\ ice of your own letting ,but a publick 
 *■ plot laid :and fome matter agreed upon among the Senators at home rathei than any war of the 
 "Cauls.keepethus away from thcnce,conlineci as it were from the City & our own hoyfes: then 
 r '■S 1 befeech you .whitfoever I fliall f3y,you. would think it as Ipoken not by the fouldiers to their 
 "Lord General, but by the Commons to the rulers and Senators. VVhomaythu? reply, that as ye 
 
 G " have your policies and counlels,fo will they have their delign-- & wayes of their own likewife. 
 '• For who would think I pray you,ihat we are your fouldicrsand not yourfl3ves;fent to war and 
 ''not into banifliment'Plfany fct out the banner ofvyar untous.lead us forth into the field, and 
 " found thebaitel ready we are to fight like men,and like Romans:but if there be no need of w.ir, 
 " we wil rather fitftilat home ihanin the camp. 'Vnd tf lis mmhfuppofe as ipoken to the Lords 
 (.'■ ofthe Senat.Buc we thy fouldiers. O worthy Genenl befeech thee firft to give us leaveto fighc, 
 •• then defirous are we to corquer and under thy ftandard and conduit to ronquertoprefent thee 
 ''with a glorious garland oflawreljand in triumph to enter with thee into the City: and after thy 
 «•■ "chariot
 
 2 12 Thefe^emb Boo\ofT, Livius. 
 
 " chariot to 90 up wiih j-^y and mirth to the Temple oH Jupiter Oplmm Afaximns. This Oration ^^ 
 o'l Tttlli'is-, the multitrde feconded with their petitions, calling aloud unto the Ceneralon every 
 fide, to found the alarm, and command them to arm. TheDictator, albeit he thought the mat- 
 ter in it (elf good-,but not handled in good manner ; and for example fake not to be allowed : yec 
 promi'ed to latisfy thefouldiersdetire. " And calling T«/A«/ fecretly apart, queflioned with him 
 " what this m.nter meant, what piecedcnt or cuflom they had for their warrant i" TMuj earneftly 
 " befoughi the DiiTcator, notto think him to haveforgotten cither military Difcipline, orhis owh 
 ''place nr;r yet theMajellyofhis Soveraign. And whereas he had not withdrawn himfelfaway 
 '" from the multitude being in a mutiny , nor refufed to be their fpeaker (who lightly refemble 
 " thofe th.n pre thdr ring-leaders) it was only for fear left ibme other fhould have ftepcin place, I 
 »'(i.ich as the tmruly people in mutinies are wont to fee up for their Captains. Asfor himfelf, do 
 " nothing he woul^, without the pleafore ofthe General. Howbeit,he would advile him to look 
 " well about him, and carefully to fee to it, that he keep his army in order, government,and obe- 
 '■ dience. And high time it is now,and would not be deferred. For confideting their hearts were 
 *' kindled already, and their bloud up , they would be theit own carvers, and chufe themfelves 
 " both time and place , if the General would not grant it them the fooner. Whiles they were 
 thus in lad communication, there hapned two Roman fouldiers to take perforce from a Gaul cer- 
 tain fumpter Horfe.s,which feeding without the camp, he was driving away. At whomjthd Gauls 
 let flye ftones good (lore. And thereupon rofe an alarm from the Roman Corps de guar d^ir\d run- 
 ning out there was apace, on both fides. So as now they had grown to a full skirmifh and battel ^ 
 indeed, had not the Centurions Ipeedily fiickled them , and ended the fray. Upon which occur- 
 rent, the credit of TuIUhs with the Diftator was confirmed : and leeing the cafe would ab'ide no 
 delayes he proclaimed battel againlt the morrow. TheDii\atornotwith(tandinghehadyeelded 
 to fight a field as prefuming m^ore upon the courage of his men, than their forces : began to de- 
 vife with himfelf, and caft about every way, how by fome (f ratagem he might firike a terrour a- 
 mong the enemies. And having a fubtle wit and nimble head of his own, this new policy he 
 thought upon: which afterwards ruany warriors, both of our own country, and of others alio, 
 
 The ftrataeem Y^^' ^^'^ '°'"^ ^^'^" ^" °"' ''""^ ; ^^^^ "^'^'^ ^^^ P"*^ ^" praftile. He gave order, that the mules 
 oic.SuhHm fumpters fhould betaken ofFtheirbacks,Ieavingonly twocourfetwilli^Sorcoverings uponthemj 
 the Diftscor. and fetteth the muletors aloft thereon , furniflied with the armour of certain captives , and ficR L 
 and difeafed perfons. Ofchefehemade wel-neeronethoiifand, and joyned unto them one hun- 
 dred good Horfemen. All thefe,he chargeth in the night time to get above the camp into the hills, 
 and among the Furs and woods, to bellow theml'elves clofc : and not to ftir from thence, before 
 that he gave them a (ignal. Himfelf fo loon as it was day light, began with great warinefs and 
 confider^te cjre to embattel and arrange his army in length, a long the very footof the mountains: 
 to the end,th,it the enemy might have the hills full againd him. Thus having fet out and direiJled 
 ihefe counterfeit corners of Horfe, to fcare the enemies with-, who, as it fell out, did more good 
 in a manner than the other forces indeed; at thefirft, the vanguard of the Gauls thought that the 
 Romans would not come down on even ground: but afterwards, when they (aw them upon a 
 fudden defc ended, they alfo, as defirous of fight, ran onforward prefently to joyn battel, and be- j^ 
 gan the fight before the Captaijis had fourded. The Gauls charged the right wing more fiercely, 
 fo that har "ily they might havebeen abidden had not by good hap theDiftator been there in per- 
 fon. ^' Who calKd upon Sextm Tuliinshy name,and rebuked him, demanding whether'he had 
 *■• given his word unto him, that the fouldiers fliould in that ibi't fight ? What is become (quoth 
 "he)ofthete, that with out-cries and open mouth called for battel? Where are thole threats 
 " now that they would begin to fight afield without commandment ofthe General? Lo, your 
 " General himfelf calleth upon you as loud as he can,to fall to your bufinefs and goeth armed be- 
 " fore the enligns in the vanguard : will any now follow afterthat erewhile would needs lead the 
 " way afore ? Fierce (I fee well) incamp fearful inthe field. And no fable it was that they heard 
 " him fpeak. Whereupon for very fhame they were fo pricked forward, th.it without cafling any fj 
 perils,or mindins prefent danger, they ran upon the darts and lliot of their enemies. This vi6- 
 lence of theirs,as if they had been welneer out of their right wits,at the very firft troubled and dif- 
 ordered the enemies. The Horfemen that were fent out hard after them,forced them to turn back, 
 when they were onrein difarray. The Dictator himfelf feeing the battel of one fide tofhrink,ad- 
 vanced forwnrdwith the enligns againrt the left wing, unto which he faw the main multitude to 
 refort and gather together, and withal hegave the fign to them that were within the hills, accor-. 
 ding as it was before agreed. And when from thence alfo 3 newfhout arofe,andLhatthey were 
 feen to marcli fide-long overth wart the hill, to ward the Gauls camp; then for fear , left they fhould 
 be fiTUtoi/t from their hold, they gave over all fighting, and ran by heaps to their camp. Where 
 Aiy.lertiu the General ofthe Horfemen encountred and affronred them. For he feeing the right q 
 wing difccmfited had fet a compafs about, and ridden to the fortifications and munitions ofthe 
 enemies. Whereupon they fled to the mountains and the woods. Moft of them were received by 
 the counterfeit fhcw of Horfemen, and by the muletors caught up. and came fhort home: but as 
 many ofthem as fejrdrave through into the woods, were Rafter the heat of the battel was paft) 
 cruelly flain and hewninpieces.Neither was there any one,fetting M.Turitu afide,that triumphed 
 more worthily over the Gauls, than i'ldC.Stilpitim. He confecrated alfo in the Capitol a food 
 weighty mafs ofgold, got out of theGaills fpoil, and compaffed it within an endofure of fquare 
 
 ft one.
 
 Tbefeventh Bool^ofT. Livius. 
 
 ^ ftone. The fameyear,the Confulslikevvife warredj but with diverfe fortune and ruccefs. For by 
 C. PLinittui the Hernicks Were vanquifhed and fubdued. But his companion t^ibtiu fought rafliiy 
 andunadvifediyagaintttheTarquinians. The lofs in the battel received, was not lomuch,but 
 that the Tarquinians facrificed three hundred and feven Roman Ibuldiers, whom they lookpri- 
 foners. This tbul and fliameful execution, caufed the ignominy of the Romans defeat afore, to be 
 nauch more notable, and talked of abroad. Befides this lofs , was the Roman territory much 
 wafled (to help the matter withaU by the Privernats-and after them by the Veliterns,who made 
 ludden inrodes into the Country. The fame yearalfo were two more Tribes added, Pomftti':a 
 and Publicia. The votive folemnplayes or games likewife, which ^/^rc^j f«r/«^the Di(itator 
 B had vowed, were then fet forth and performed. 
 
 Then and never before was thefirif law putupto tbepeopleby ?. /'«f;//«f, aTribunofthe ^^ hw againft 
 Commons, and that by theconfent and approbation of the Senators, againft the exceffive fuit and ambicious fee- 
 ambitious flanding for dignities. By which lawmen fuppofed , that the ambition principally of king for office* 
 certain perfons new rifen and of the firft head, who were wont to haunt fairs and places o{ great •fg°''""'»«"*' 
 refort for that intent, was reprefled and kept under. But the year enfuing, when C. Martins and 
 C>*. Af4»///« were Confuls, M.DucUiiis3.t)d yl/. ^£»?«!»i two Tribuns of the Commons, went 
 through with a law and gotit enaded, which was not fo well liked of the Senators, to wit, con- 
 cerning Ufury of one in the hundred. But the Commons were fo much the more forward and A lawag»inft 
 better contented,to grant and accept ir. Over and befides thofe new wars the year before intend- "fury. 
 C ed, the Falifci were declared new enemies : and that, for two quarrels pretended againft them ; 
 One, for that their youth had ferved againrt the Romans under the Tarquinians : the other, be- 
 cause they had not delivered again thofe Romans which fled unto Ffterii^ after their defeat and 
 unlucky 6ght, notwithftanding the Heralds had made claim unto them and demanded them. 
 This Province fell to C». MmIiu;, But A/^rriwj had the leading of an army into the Land of the 
 Privernats, which by reafon of long peace was unfoiled yet, and in very good (late, and thereby 
 enriched his fouldiers with good prizes. For, to the plenty and ftore that there was found, he 
 added his own bounty and liberality ; in that he fet out nothing for the common Treafury, but 
 favoured the fouldiers , and gave them leave to better their own privateftate. The Privernats 
 lay Wrongly encamped before their own City : and when he had afl'embled all his fouldiers toge- 
 D ther ; '" Now (quoth he) I give unto you the enemies camp and their City for a booty, fo you 
 '" will promife me to quit your felves like men,and to be as ready to fight as to fpoil. Hereupon, 
 with a great cry they call for the Signal of battel : and fo advancing forward and exalting them- 
 felves bravely and couragioufly, with affured hope of vi;3;ory, to battel they go. There, even 
 before the enfigns in the vanguard, Sextus Tullius-, of whom we fpake before, cryed out aloud, 
 Behold, Noble General ( quoth he ) how thine army performeth their word given unto thee : 
 and therewith laying down his Javelin, with drawn fword confronteth the enemy. Then fol- 
 low after TaHius, allthey that fought in the vanguard before thcStand3rds,andat thefirft fhock 
 put the enemies to flight, followed the chafe and drave them into the Town. And as they were 
 I'caling the Walls, the Town was rendred up into their hands. So he triumphed over the Pri- 
 E vernats. By the other Conful there was no worthy exploit done , but that as he lay encamped 
 before Stitrium-, he propofed a law to pafsby the Tribes, (a courfe never taken beforehand with- 
 out example) concerning a twentith partorvicefime, to be levied of their goods that were made 
 free. The Lords oftheSenat^becaufe by that Afl there accrewed no fmall revenue to the Exche- 
 quer, that was now wafted) allowed thereofand gave their affent. But theTribunsoftheCom. 
 moved not fo much at thequality of the law in it felf , as at the dangerous precedent given , or- 
 dained under pain of death. That no man ever after fhould in making of laws withdraw the peo- 
 pleapart : For, if chat wereonceby law permitted, there would be nothing, were it never fo per- 
 nicious to the people, but it might be enad>ed by fouldiers, that have fworn to their Confulsal- 
 legeance, and were at his devotion. The fame year was C. Lianius Stolo at the fuit of c/Ii. Popi- 
 f /;/wi/f»ia, condemned upon his ownflatutein* loooo Afles, for that he together with his fon, * zfiikfi ^ctt 
 was poflefled of a thoufand acres of Land , and under colour of freeing his fon, he had deludecl 
 the ftatute in that cafe provided. 
 
 After this, the twoConfuls Af.Fabias Amhuflusi\\t(&condt\mz, and M.Popilius Le>iasx.\\Q 
 fecond time mide two wars. That which LcKa, fought with the Tyburtins was performed with 
 cafe and facility, For having driven the enemies into theTown, he forraged their fields. But in 
 the other war, the Falifci and the Taiquinians, difcomfited in the firrt battel the other Conful. 
 Their greateft fear arofe upon this occafion. For, their Priells carrying afore them light burn- 
 ing torches, and fnakes befides, went after a iHnatick and frantick manner , and with fo Ikange 
 and uncouth a flievv troubled and difordered the Roman fouldiers. And there with3l,at that ve- 
 Q ry inftant the fouldiers, as if they had beendillraited, befides themfelves, and aflonied, difmar- 
 ched fearfully and Humbled upon the munitions and fortifications of their camp : But after, 
 when as the Conful, Lieutenants and Colonels mocked and rated them, for being feared like 
 children with thefe vain bugbears: for fliame fuddcnly they took heirt again, and like blind 
 menranupon thofe very fame things, that before they had fled from. And fo after they haddif- 
 patched this vain devife and preparation of their eienaies , they fell upon the armed men indeed, 
 difcomfited their whole army and put them to flight : and being the fame day mafters of their 
 camp , with a rich booty returned v ittors, both recounting in their military merry ditties and 
 
 fODg?'j
 
 2 14 Thefeyentb Boo\ofT. Livius. 
 
 fon^Sithe foolifli preparation of the enemy, and alfo condemning their own fearfulnefs. After j^- 
 this", the whole nation of the Tui'cans arote, havingfor their leaders the Taiquinians and the 
 c Martim Ru. Falilci, and came as far as Saliy.n. Againft which feartul danger, vyas C, Martms Hntiliiischokn, 
 tilituRitt Di- thefirHDidatorthatever was of the Commoners: who named for his General of the Horfemen 
 ftKorcf Che a Commoner likevvife C. PLwtms. But the Senators rhoiight this a fliamefiil indignity, that ihe 
 Comraons. Diiftatordiip alfo fhould now be chofen in comm.on: and did all they could poffibly to hin- 
 der, that there fiiould be nothing decreed toward the war ^nor any preparation made for the Di- 
 ihtor. But fo much the fooner , and with more readinefs , all that the Diflator propofed , the 
 Commons granted. So he departed from the City, and marched on both fides of the Tyher (tran- 
 Iporting his army in boats and planks faOned together) to what place foever he heard the ene- j 
 mies were gone: and furpdfed many forragers of them, as they wandred and (Iragled one from an- 
 other, in the fields. He fet upon their camp alfo, and wan it: and after that he had taken eight 
 thoufand prifoners, and either (lain or chafed all the rett out of the Roman pale; he triumphed, 
 by the fuftrages of the people only, without the approbation and affenc of the Senators. And for 
 afmuch as they would not in any cafe have an affembly for Eleftion of Confuls, held either by the 
 Diftator a Commoner, or by the Ccnful : and becaufe the other Conful Fahius was bufied abroad 
 in the w ars, and not returned ; therefore, the matter fell again to an Interreign. So there were 
 Interregents one after another, Q^ Servilius HJ-i, M. Yabms, Ctj..Manlius-,C.Fabms-, C.StilpitiuSf 
 L. iy£mjlins, O. Servdms, and M. Fahius Ambujltts. During the fecond Interreign, there arofe 
 fomevarianceTtor that both Confuls were ?<?/>•//(;,/. of the Nobles. And when the Tribuns in- j- 
 terpofedthemfelves, andcrofied thofe proceedings , Fabntst^e. Interregent, alledgedaLawout 
 of the twelve tables in thefe terms, ThAt whatjoeverthe feofls ord^uKed or granted Lifi^ thef^me 
 jhoHldbegood, awdftandfirm aid ratified: and in fuffrages and voyces of th^ people , were com- 
 prifed their grant and ordinance. But when the Tribuns, for all their gabfayingand (lepping be- 
 * • Th (T tween , could privail no more , but to prorogue the * Cornices for the Ele<ftion , there were at 
 blyofthcpeol length two ofthe Nobles created Confuls, C. SulfuiHs Peticns I'azx.Wnd time, ztidM. Valerius 
 pic. " Tublicola : who the fame day they were chofen, entred into their office. Thus in the 400 year 
 
 after the foundation ofthe City, and the 5 5 after it was recovered trom the Gauls, the Com- 
 mons loft the Confulfliip again, when they had enjoyed it nine years. And two Confuls ofthe 
 Patritii-, upon the Interreign, began to govern , to wit, C. Stdpitius Pff/cwjthe third time, and L 
 M, Valerius Pttblicola. The fame year was Emfy.ltim won from the Tyburtins, without any me- 
 morable warlike exploit : were it that, under the condutft of both Confuls there jointly together, 
 the war was managed , as fome have written: or that about the fame time the Tarquinians 
 Country was by the Conful Sulfit'ms over-run and walled , whiles Valtrius led forth a power a- 
 oainft theTyburts. But more ado had the Confuls at home, with the Commons and Tribuns. 
 The Confuls thouf'ht now, it concerned them in truft and credit, as well as in vertue and valour, 
 that as they, bein" Patritii both of them, had received the Confulfhip, fo they fhould make over 
 the fame aoainto twain of the Nobility : and either wholly to give up their intereft and title for 
 ever, if fo be the Confulfhip fliould now become a Commoners dignity : or elfe to kee^p it wholly 
 in their poffeflion, whereof they were firftfeized intirely, in right oftheiranceftours. On the other j^ 
 fide, the Commons fumed anddormedin thefe and fuch like terms. " WhatfKould we live any 
 "•longer? and why are we accounted citizens ? Incafe, that which was firft got by the vertue 
 " and power of two only pcrfons, L. Sext:m-, and C. Dcimas^ we cannot now all of us together 
 ''hold and keep? Certainly, better we were to endure the KK. and Decemvirs again, or any o- 
 *' ther heavier and more fearful nam^^ ofabfolute and Lordly Empire, than to fee both Confuls of 
 " theNobility :andthatwe, may not bothruleandobey in turns, but that the one part fetled ir» 
 " the place of rule for ever, (Viould think us, the Commnns,born for nothing elfe but to obey and 
 " ferve. 1 he Tribtins themfelves were nothing behind to fet forward thefe troublefome mutinies. 
 But when the people are up once akogether and in commotion, the principal leaders are hardly 
 fcen above the reft in the aflion.And when as they were come down into Mars field fundry times N 
 to affembly, bn.t ever to no piirpofe and effedl , and that many Comitial dayes of aflembly were 
 paffed over, only in {editions troubles : at the laft, the Commons being overmatched through the 
 lliflnefs and obRinacy of the Confuls, took the matter fo grievoudy to the heart, that when the 
 Tribuns brake forth into thefe fpeeches; "Now farewel freedom forever: now are we driven, 
 " not only to forbear coming into M^ws field, but alfo to abandon and forfake the City , taken 
 "captive and opprefled by the Lordlyrule ofthe Nobles jandtherewithaldeparted: the Commons 
 " with forrowhil cheer did the femblable, and followed after. The Confuls being thus left defti- 
 tuteof one part of the people , yet neverthelefs went through with the Elciftion , as few as they 
 were there remaining. And Confuls there were elecled of the Nobility both, M.Fabius ylm- 
 ^ft[/?«i the third time,3nd T.Quintitts.ln fome annals oryearly records,! findCoff. M.Popilfus^in- q 
 
 RcidofT. Qiiintiiit, 
 
 In that year , were two wars performed with profperous fuccefs. A:.d the Tyburtins were 
 fought withal until they yeelded. From them was the City Safn/a won by force : and other 
 Townshad tafted ofthe fame fortune, but that the whole Nation hid arm? afide, andfubmitted 
 themfelves to he Conful his mercy. He triumphed over the Tyburtins : otherwife rhecon- 
 queft was mild >nd gentle enough, without extremity of execution. But the Tarquinians vvere 
 cruelly dealt withal: and many a man of them flain in field. Otthe prifoners that were taken, 
 
 whereof 
 
 i
 
 Thefeuenth Boo{ ofT» Li vius. 2 1< 
 
 A w hereof there was a rnighcy number, there were 3580! the Noblell and greateH Gentlemen 
 chol'en out, and lent to Ro,'»i-, The relt ofthe common fort were put to the iv> ord. Neither iped 
 they better at the peoples hands that were lent to Rome. For in themids ofthe Forum vmc ciiey 
 ail beaten with rods and beheaded. This exeauion made quittance with them, forfacrititir;^ the 
 Romans in the market place ot the Tarquinian';. This goodluccefs in war tanfed the Samnits alo 
 toleekfor peace and amity. Thciihrnballadors werci-oiirteoufly anlwcrcd by theSenjt,and io 
 npon I ovenants they were received intoloJety. But the Commons fped rot 10 well at home in 
 the City, as abr !ad in warfare. For albeitthe Ufury was welleafed by bringing it down from, 
 twelve to one, in the hundred : yet the poorer people wet eoier. barged with tne payment ofthe 
 
 B very principal, and became bond and thrall to their creditors. Whereby the Com. inregird of 
 their privat Hreights, that they were driven unto, never troubled their heads with the making ot 
 both Confuls of the Nobles nor with the AflembliesandEleilions^not other public kaiVairs. Still 
 the two Con.ullhips remamed among the Patntn. And created there were Confuls, C .Si'lmtins 
 Fctuiu the fourth time, and M. Falcnus Pallicol. the lecond time. 
 
 Now when as the City was earneBly amufed upon the Tufcan war,by reafonthat the news wenr, 
 how that the people of C<£'^, for Aery pity and compalfion, and in regard alfo ofconlan^uinity, 
 took part with the Tarquinians: behold theEmbafladors ofthe Latins turned them clean'againft 
 the Volfaans, Whi.h Embafladors brought word, that there was an army levied already frotn 
 thence and in arms, even now upon the pointto invade their borders : and would from them en- 
 
 Cter the territory of ^9»jd', and fpoil as they go. The Senat therefore thought good to negled nei- 
 ther bufinefs,ard gave dircftion, that to both places certain legions fhould be appointed .and the 
 Confuls to calHotsfortheirfeveral Provinces and charges. But afterwards, the greater care was 
 takea for the Tufcan war, upon intelligence given by Su/p:tiusthe Conful his letters, whofe com- 
 milTion was again't Tar(}u:nit^ that the countrey was waited and fpoiled all about the Roman-i'.i- 
 //»<e, [or Salt-pits] and part ofthe booties carried away into the confines ofthe Cxrits : and that 
 the youth of that people were doubtlefs employed in the driving ot that booty. Whereupon ^^t- 
 lerius the Conful, who was oppofed againli cheVollcians, andencamped in the marches ot r«/- 
 f«/«»«, was called back from thence, and commanded by the Senat to nominate aDidator, Who 
 named T. ^;!«//f«,thefonof L,ve/«f, and he takingto him A.CorneliiisCoffus for his General ot 
 
 D the Horfemen, contenting himlelf with his Confular army, by the authority ofthe Senat, and the 
 peoples luffrages, proclaimed w»r againfl the Cxrits , and fent them defiance. Then were the 
 Cerits afraid of war indeed, and not afore, as though there had been more force in their ene- 
 mies bare words, todenounce and fignify \var,than in their owndeeds,vvho by fpoiling and plun- 
 dering,, had ptovoked the Romans to war. Then faw they plainly that they were overmatched 
 and not able to mike their parts good: then repented they that they had made fuch watfand 
 fpoil,curhng the Tarquinians forfolliciiing them to revolt, not one of them making any prepara- 
 tion of armour orwir: butevery man labouring what he could that Embafladors llionidbe 
 fent, to crave pardon for their trefpafs and offen.e. When their EmbafTidors were come to the 
 Senat, they were from thence put over to the people. And then they be' ought the Gods, whofe 
 
 E facred Images they had received in the French war and (isvontly kept nnd cheriflied, That the 
 Romans now in their flouri filing eifate-wou d take that pity and compairion ofthem,which they 
 in times part had oftheRomans,intheirca!amity and hard diRrefs. Ard turning to the chappels 
 of r-^t'/?.?, they called upon the Flamins and Veftal Virgins, fometime their gnefls, whom they fo 
 chartly and religioufly had received and given intertainmentunto, faying in this wife. "Would 7-j,g EmbjiTs- 
 '•'•any man believe we had deferved no better, but thus of a fudden, without caufe given, to be re- dciscfcfrt.to' 
 "puted enemies POnuppofe we had done fomewhat fmelling of hoflility, would any man impute ''i« pf"ple of 
 " it rather to deliberatcounel-.than to fome fit of heat and folly ? And (hat we would biemifliand ^""'' 
 " mar our own good deferts, efpecially conferred and bcflowed upon fo thankful perfons, with 
 '' new mifdeeds and fbrewd turns ? and chufe to make the people of Rome their enemies now in 
 
 p "their wealthy and flourifliingStire,and in their moft happy felicity ofw.'r : whofe friendfhip in 
 " their adverfity we had embraced PBefeeching them nor to term that coniideratcadvifcwhich 
 " rather were to be called force and necelfity.Fot theTarquinians fay they p.'.fling with a cruel and 
 "puiflant army through our country Si requelling nothing but away,haddrawn with them fome 
 *'of ourrurticalPeafants, to alTill them only in fetching of that booty, which now lb heavily is 
 "laid to our charge. Whom if you pleafe tohavethemyeelded, weaie ready to deliver them: if 
 '^tobepunifhed they fhallfuffer accordingly:mort humbly craving,th,i!: their City T-cri?, the very 
 " fanduary of thepeop'e of R^me-, the harbour and habitation of their Prielrs, the place of receic 
 " tor the Roman facred images and reli'ques they would grant unto them fafe from the calamity of 
 ''war and exempt from the llander thereof: and the rather for the proftffed vertal Virgins fake, 
 
 G "fo kindly inrertainrd, and for the love ofthe God>, by them fo devoutly honored. The people 
 were moved, not fo much with the juliiie and equity ofthe prefent caufe as fottheir <^ld delerts 
 and'.Tood turns to^'or^et rather the harrn fuflained than the good received.Whereunon thepeo- 
 p'e o(Ce-re were pardoned ?c agreed it was th it a irn:e tor one hundred vears fhould be regiftrecf 
 amonc, the Acfs ofthe Senat. Then were the t'orces diverted againft the Falifci,who werctainted 
 likevvifc wiih the fame offence,But the enemies would no wherebefound.They wafled therfore al 
 over their confines : ?c torbare to afl'ti! theirTovvns.So they withdrew their legions to Rome. Th& 
 rdl ofthe year was employed in repairing cheir wa!s 5i Towers : and the Temple of u4po!lo was de- 
 dicated.
 
 2 i6 Tbefeyenth Boo\ofT, Livius. 
 
 dicated. In the very end ot the year, ihe contention between the Senators and the Comm ens? n 
 brake off the Eleition of the Confuls : whiles the Tribunsflifly denied to fiift'ejany aflcmbly 
 therefore to be holden, iinlefs it were according to the Law Lici.ia. And the Did^ator again was 
 as Hourly and If ifly bent, to abolilli wholly out ot the City the Confullliip, rather than it fliould 
 be indifferent for the Nobilicy and common people.Thus by adjourningtheEledion.the Diifatos: 
 left his offi.e,and the matter j^rew to an Interreign. Aud the Interregents,finding ever the Com- 
 mons malkioufly fet againft the Senators, fucceeded one after another unto the eleventh Interre- 
 gent: and allthe whilecontinued thedifcord and variance. The Tribuns they called onhardfcr 
 themaintenan.eottheLaw Lici>iia. The Commons, they had an inward grief that ifuckneerer 
 to them upon the exceflive ufury that (fill increafed: and each mans privat care and grievance,brake I 
 out in their publick contentions and debates. The LL, of the Senat weary of thefe troubles,com- 
 manded L.CornilinsScipioxhe. Intcrregentforthe time being, for concord and unity fake, in the 
 Eledf ion of Confuls to obferve the Law Licinia. So P .FaUrius PuhUcola-)\\zd joyned with him in 
 fellowflTip of government, Cahts Martms RtitiliHs^one ofthe Commons. 
 
 Now whiles mens minds were enclined once to concord, the new Confuls labouring to eafe 
 alfo this matter of ufury, the only fpill or bone (as it were) between, that feemed to hinder the 
 uniting of their hearts, and impeach the general agreement ; took order publickly for the pay- 
 Fire bankers rj^g^t ofdebts , by creating five officers or QuiHqitevirs , whom of the defpenling and difpoling 
 inflitutedjcil- ()fj[,£ piibiirk monies, they called Menfarii. And furely, for their equity and careful diligence, 
 Mcnjtrii, j(,gy (jg|-^j.^.gj Ij, ajlfPQnyjj^jentj gnd records to be remembred and renowned. And thele they ^ 
 were, CDaellius, P.Dccim-, M,Papir!us', Q^Pi'Mitis-y&nd T.xA-mjlitis ', who underwent and ma- 
 naged this matter; fo intricat and diffi ult to be dealt in : fo grievous and comberfome to both 
 fides for the moff part, but evermore to one at the lealf. Which they performed both with in- 
 different moderation titherwife-,and alfo with fome coif and defray of charge, rather than any iofs 
 and dammage to the State. For the long debts and more entangled, rather in regard ofthe deb- 
 tors flackneJs and negligence, than their want of ability, either the City out ofthe common (fock 
 croflTed out of the book , by fetting up certain counters or tables with ready coin in the publick 
 Hall (provided jthat there were good fecurity unto the City by fureties and cautions put in afore- 
 hand) or elfe the goods of men valued at indifferent and reafonable prices difcharged. So as not 
 only without any wrong done, but alfo without the complaint of both parties , amighty dealof L 
 All debts dca- debts was fatisfied and paid . 
 
 red in Kmc. ^^^gj g]j jf^iy^ 3 ^ain fear ofthe Tufcan war , upon a falfe Alarm given, that their twelve Nati- 
 ons confpired and were confederate together, caufed a Diilator to be chofen. So C. 'jhIihs was 
 named in the camp: for thitherto the Coff. was the patent ofthe Senats decree fern. And to him 
 was joyned as General ofthe \i<:)i^z\x\tr\,L,^y£myims . Butali was quiet without theCityj With- 
 in the City the Dictator gave the attempt, that both Confuls fliould be created ofthe Patritii: 
 which brought the government for the time to an Interreign. And the two Interregents that 
 were in that while (to wit ^ C. Sklpitiiis2ndA{,Fabius., obtained that which the Dictator had 
 reached at in vain ; namely, that both Confuls might be created ofthe Nobility : for now the 
 Commons were more pliable and tra6>able, by reafon ofthe frefli benefit received,in the eafement y^ 
 and fatisfying of their debts. So there were chofen C. Stilpithis Peticus, he-, who was the former 
 ofthe twain that gave over the Interreign, and T. Qnintms Pccnus. Some there be that give to 
 QuintiHsx}L\t addition ofCtcJo for his furname [and ofCMusiot bis forename.] Both of them went 
 foith to war ; Quintus againff the Falifci , and 5«/oyr/«/ againlf the Tarquinians. Who, for that 
 they could never meet with the enemy in open field, by burning and fpoilingmadewarwith the 
 fields rather than with the men. By which lingring continuance, as it were of a languifliing con- 
 fumption, the (lubbornnes of both Nations was fo wel tamed.that they made petitionfirft to the 
 Confuls, and by their permiffion after to the Scnat, for a truce,and obtained the fame for the term 
 of forty years. Thus the care was laid allde ofthe two wars, which feemed fo neerat hand. And 
 whiles there was fome reff from Arms, it was thought good becaufe the payment ofdebts above- N 
 laid, had changed the owners andmaffers of many things , that there fhould be held a general 
 Seffing ofthe citizens. But, when there was anaffembiy fummoned for the chuhngof Cenfors, 
 C./Vf^rtins RutUiHS profeffing himfelf to f! and for a Cenforfhip , even he that had been the firft 
 Diflator ofthe Commons, troubled the peace and unity ofthe States of the City. This he went 
 about (as it feemed^ in a very undue and unfeafonable time. For, both Confuls were then ofthe 
 Nobility, as it fell out, who gave it forth that they would not admit him to be a Competitor, nor 
 propound his name at the E!e6fion. Howbeit, both he by earneff perfeverance in his refolution 
 obtained that which he went about : and alfo the Tribuns with all their might endeavouring to 
 recover their right, which was lofl in the Election oftheConfols,fetto their helping hand. And 
 as the countenance and Majelf y of the man himfelf feemed worthy of the highelf type of honor: q 
 fo the Commons were rij^ht willing that by the fame man who had opened the way unto theDi- 
 dfatorfliip , the Cenforfliip alfo fliould draw to that fide, and be in part conferred upon them. 
 Neither in the affembly was there any variance in the Suffrages, but that, together with Ma-yiUus 
 C.Mnrtlui R«- Nievius-^ Martius fhould be created Cenfor. This year likewife had a Diffator, M. F. bins, not 
 tiiim a Conj[-^ for any fear ofwar, but becaufe the Law Lictma, for thechoice of Confnis. fhould not be revived 
 ^nTof'thc and obferved. The General of the Horfenien unto the Didfator was ^. 5frt//7?w. And yet 
 Ccafori. for alj the Didatorfliip ^ the agreement of the Senators together , was in the Election of the 
 
 Confuls
 
 Thefeventh Boo\ of T. Livius. qi 7 
 
 A Confalsno more force then it wasin thechufingof thcCcnfois. For Popilifts Lenas wzs ton- 
 fu!, of the Commons, ind L.Cornehfa Sc/pio o( the Nobles. And the commoner Conlull, by 
 good fortune, proved more fimous of the twain.For whsn upon tidings brought.that a mighiyar- 
 myohhe Gauls were encamped in theLatine country ,lhis Gauls warwasUid extraordinary upon 
 jPtf^<A «/,becaufe Sc/p/day gtievoufiy fick. Who having toon levied an army.and commanded all 
 the younger men, to meet him in their armour at -^/'Jr-j his Church, without the gate Capena, and 
 that the Queftois fliould bring thither the Standards and cnfignes out of the Aerantim LCity 
 chambeQa^id after lie hid choten out of chem, fully four Legions, he delivered all thcrefictueof 
 fouldierb unto P. VaUntu Pubticola, the Pretor : and moved the LL. ofthe Senac to enroll ano- 
 ther army to be in readinefs.againit all uncertain occurrents of war, whit need foever the City 
 
 B fliould hive.ftnd now himfelfbeing at all points throughly furniflicd, (etting forward to meet the 
 theenemie. Whole po-.verbeciufc he would know, beforehc had rriallthtrof with t&e uttet- 
 molt hazard, he began to call a trench and raiie a ratrpier upon the next hill unto the Gaul> camp, 
 that be could come unto. The Gauls, a fierce kind of people and by nauire ca^er of .igtit, hiving 
 dilcoTcred afar of the Roman enligneSjCmbatteUed themfclves forthwiih.as ready to bid battel. 
 But when they law the Roman army not brought forth into the plain and even ground^ butthafc 
 they were ftrongly defended, not only by the height of the place, but alio with a ditch and palai- 
 fado, andfuppoUng themtobefmitten Wiihfear, and th; fi'ter therefore to be alTailed, for that 
 they were at that inftancebufily occupied about their other fort;fica!ions 5 with an bideousnoife 
 and horrible fhout, gave the charge upon thtm. The Rom.ins gave over their work never the 
 
 C looner (they were the Tiiariiof the rcre ward (hat madethcic fortifications) but the Ipearmtrnor 
 jivel .tticrs of the vanguard and the Princfss cf the middle wardj \v ho uood ready armed in guatcl 
 for the defence of the pioncrs, made head and received them with fighr. B^fides their valour, 
 the higher ground was their vantage : foss alltheirdartsand (freais light not'm va',n(as common- 
 ly tbc^ do that arc flung and lanced on levell grounii) but lluck ail fill as being poiled with theic 
 own weight : (o that the Gauis being lurcharged with darts either Ricking through their bodies, 
 or falUet in their fhields, and lo weighing the^)) down ; having allp run chemfelves upon the hilj 
 firft, as doubtful! what to do, made Itay, afterwards, when pro' rafting of time had dii'couraged 
 ihemfelves, and encouraged their tnemies, they vveredrivenbackand I'clloneupon another; and 
 in thatconfufion made greater bavock and worfe.then the (laughter was by the enemy.- and crufh- 
 
 D ed they were to death, more in that croud and thruli, then were fliin by (word. Yet were not 
 the Romans (ure of vidory.- for when they wcrecome down into the plain,thercwasanew piece 
 of woik to begin, and a frelTi trouble behind. For the Gauls, by reafon of their number, little feel- 
 ing fucb a lode (as if anewarmy had ftarted up in light, cut of the ground) ftitred up their freQi 
 fouldiets and unfoiled, agaiiilt the enemy in his viftory. Whereupon the Romans made a (land 
 and ftaied their eagerneile: both bccaufe they being already wearied, weretosbide anew con- 
 flift ; and all for ttiatt he Conlul, whiles he laid about him with the formod, without regard of 
 bis own perlon, was wounded well neer the left fhculder with a pike, and thereupon fur a while 
 was departed out ot the battcU. Byoccalionof which lingring, the viiflory had like to h»vc been 
 loft again .• but that the Conful when his wounds were drefl^d and bound up, came back again 
 
 ■c with tpeed to the tormoft enfigns.and faid : Why [land you ftill lirsi'ye have not to deal now,w5ch ^.Pop'uiia 
 the Latins or Sabins your enemits, whom after ye bavcconqiiered by the iword, ye may makect i««i>iiie<-on- 
 enemies friends and confederals .• but upon very lavage beafls we have dravn iword. Either we |^"s fo^ui'ji^fs^ 
 mull have their bloudjor thty ours. From the camp ye have driven them back : chafed ye have thsm to %iic. ^" 
 headlong downthehil'.fide .•overihebodiesofenemicslyiiig 2!oRg,no',v yeftand ■• fillthe plain 
 "alio with their deadcarkafes, asjehave dene the tils aheady: and neve? Icok that they will 
 "flie,fo long as ye Hand dill. Ycu njuft advance ytur enfigns.and charge the enemy afrefh. With 
 thefe txhoiiatiotiS they fell 10 it the fecrndtiie, ard forced the formerrankes and files cf the 
 Gauls to lolegrcuid : and then witbpointedclofc battalions of footmen, they brake through in- 
 to the heart of the train battell. Whcitupun thebarbarouf.ptdplc being diJaraied, fuch as had 
 V neither certain diretff ions to follow , nor Captains to com.r.and, turned their force upon their 
 fellows wtre icatttted heie and there about the plains, fled in this purluit beyond tbi^ir tents, and 
 made toward the fott of y^/^^ ; which among many hi!s that Hood of evtn height, thty efpied 
 moun; ing above t he i en . The Cof.f olio wed the f hale no fa; tht r than their camp : both becaufe bii 
 hurt made bimftif unwieldie, and alio for that he was unwilling to put his tired army to ai 
 new labcurjCorhdenngthe enemy had gained thehils tops.and :o rclted trom farther purluit.And 
 when he had t:ivcn the whole pillage of the camp to his lcu!dicrs,hc brought back to I^ome his ar- 
 my with viviory,and inriched withthelpoilsof theGiu!s.TlicC):iiulhis wound Ibid h striump'-, 
 which was a cauie alio that the Senat wiQu'd and longed for u Didaiour, to hold the aliembly foe 
 forthe EUdicnof Ccniuls, whiles the other were f;ck. 
 G L. Fttntu Can.i'lu4 being cholen Didator, hsd jt yivd t'nto li'm F. Corr.tliw Scifio for hi's Gc- 
 
 • nerallof thehoila.en. He retlored again to the Senators their ancient nolkllingotihe C':>nful- 
 fliip : and for this gcod tutn, washimlelf with exceeding sflrdcn of them all, created Conhill. 
 And for Lis cotiip^ioo hechofe untohiiii >^/);i.C/<?«.'//«< Cy.</./r.Buc b.f > e the new Coriiuls en- 
 tred unto their ofhce, VopUm with great love and favnu. of the Commons tiiutripheJ over the ^^l^^^l^ntt 
 Gauls.- who mumbling and mattering among then. (rlvcs, woule'cften ask on« anotbcr, v heiher u'iuir.piietM 
 iberewtte any repented of a Commoner Conlul; ratitig witlisll at th? D;d3:or, Wi.o deipifmg 
 
 Y the
 
 2 18 Tbejeventb BooJ\ofT- Livius. 
 
 theUw'L««»w bad uoc tor hi5 reward a v^onlnlfhip ; which was more (haoiefnl.and mlaraous, H 
 in regard othis privat Iceking for it.Ctor being Diftator be bad made himlclf Ccnluljthen tov any 
 publ\ck harm and injury. Tbis year for many and lundry troubles was very tamoiK.Thc Gaulshom 
 the Abanwoods(torthattbey were not able thciuoendure the cold ot winter) ranged all over 
 the C^mpian and lea-co^as., and waQed the country. The leas hkewile were dangeroas by rei- 
 lon of the Greek* navy. Alio all the traft along ^fit.um, and the rivtr ot Lmremum, even totbo 
 very mouth ot T)hr. So as the rovers and men of war by lea, and the land robbers of the 
 Vtench, met both together, and ftruck once for all a dangerous battell.- and then departed afun- 
 dcr the French unto their Handing camp, the Greeks back unto their flups : both doubtfall, wbc^ 
 ibet they bad won or lo'.t. Amid thele tt c u jles, the greateli fear by far, arolc f i om this, that the i 
 Laiioe Nation held certain Diets and Counceh at the gtove ot Ferevtixa; and when the Romans 
 demanded (ouldicrs from ihem,{^atanlwer was n.ade,Thatrhey mul}- no more tbinft to command 
 " them whole aid they Hood need of. And as for the Latins, they were reblved rather to bear 
 •'arms in defence of their own liberty, then fight for the maintenance ofthe dominions of flran- 
 " ecrs- The Senat being grieved and perplexed as well forthefe two forrain wars, as alfo for the 
 revolt otibcir coniederats, iecing no other way, but" to keep them in by for, whom loialty 
 would not tellrain. commanded their Confuls in their muftring, to extend and Ilrain to the ut- 
 mo^ the whole Itrength of the State ; for now that their Allies failed them, they were te truft up- 
 on their City forces onely.From lU parts therefore, the youtbas well without in the country.as 
 within the City were taken up,and ten legions (k men fay; were enrolled of fouldiers.amounting ^ 
 to 4 2C0. toot and 300 bode in a legion. Which puiffant army, if now at this day any brraia 
 wars were toward, tbcle mighty forces of the people of 22cwf, whichthe whole world is hardly 
 able to contain, if they were united and brought into one together, would not eafily make again ; 
 io great are we gro wn in wealth only and lupcrflaous delights,to which we lU ive and apply oar 
 
 mmas. 
 
 Among other heavy occurrents of that year, -<</>. CJaudiw one ofthe Confuls, in the very % 
 tareparation ofthe wars, departed this life. Whereupon the whole government was devolved upi ' 
 on CamiUtU' To which iole Conlul, either for his quality and worthineffe otherwiie ("not meet to 
 be controlled by the abfolut command of a Didator) or for the lucky preiage of his name lo for- 
 tunate in all the tumultuous wars ofthe Gauls, the Lords of thi Senat thought it not decent and l 
 convenient that there ihould be a Diiff atour adjoyned. The Conluls having ordeined and appoin- 
 ted two legions for defence ofthe City, and parted the other eight with the Pretor L. FinmM, 
 bearing in mind his fathers valour and manbood.undertook the Giuls war hjmfelf, without catl- 
 ing lots therefore.- commanding the /'retorto keep the fea-coafts, and to put the Greeks back 
 from landing on the fhere. He went himfelfdown into the country of Pom^tinum, andbecaale 
 he was not willing to give battell in the champian, unforced thereunto ; and thought the enemy 
 might be wcnied cut well enough by keeping him ftiort, for forragingand fetching in booties, I 
 who of nt ccflity was driven to live of prey ,chofe a cenvenient place tor a Handing camp. Where, 
 as they paflcd the time quietly in their wards, as a fetled Garrifon : there cometh forth a mighty 
 Gaulin'perilbn tall and beg, for armour brave and glorious .• who clattering his fhield and y. 
 {pear together , and thereby making filencc, gave defiance and chiUenged by his interpreter 
 The combat ^^^ Koiiiins to a coaibat, man to man. There was one M, yderttu a Colonell of footmen,and s 
 GTl"nJ ^4- very young man,who thinking himfelf nothing lefs worthy of that honour ihanr.-(^/W/«;*,haviJ3g 
 /otajfurnam!. firlt known the Conlul his plealure»advanced himUlf forth apart fromtbcrelt, armed at all points, 
 cdtheieupon But this confiiiSfas touching the prowefsofthemen)was Icfsnotablc than the othcr.fay reafon that 
 u.vinui, ,{jg ijjnj of God came between & took a part.For as the Roman was ready to joyn and cope.be- 
 hoid fuddenly a raven leiled upon the crell his of morion,even f ul In the face ot his enemie. Whicb 
 St the very firlt.the Colonell took J03 tally as a token of good luck fent from heaven. Afterwards 
 he praied devoutly], that the God or goddcfle whoibever, that lent unto him from above 
 ihataugurallfoiil, to preiage and forefignifie the future event, would be favourable and gratious »q 
 unto bim. Andlo, Ca wonder to be fpoken) the bird not only held ihc place Hill, which it firft 
 light upon. but allo.ai often as ihc champions buckled and doled together, mounting up with the 
 wio^smadcat the cies and the face ofthe enemie, with beak and claws both.fo longtuntillfW<rr/«# 
 killeth biin.Forthc Gajl being affrighted at this lo Hrange & wondrous a fight,both his eiesdazcl- 
 ed, and his mind was mighii) troubled. Then the raven took his rile, flew on high quite out of 
 CghttowaidstheEalt. All the while thecamp on both fides was quiet hitherto. Butattcrtbat 
 the Colonel began to iifleanddilarme the Body ofthe flam enemy, neither could the French 
 keep ihemfelvcs withinilieit Stations, nor the Romans conti in, but tun with more fpeed unto 
 their Conqucrour champion. And lb about the bodie ofthe Gaul that lay along dead, began 
 fomeskirmiih, and thereof grew a fharp and cruell battel: tor now not only the companies _ 
 orthe next quarters, n^d corps 4e guard, but alio the whole legions on both fides, came a- 
 broad and fought. Camiilm commanded the louldiers, joyoui for the vidlory ofthe Colonell, 
 joyous alf .) for the gods, lo favourable and ready to help.lbr to go to battell •• and (hewing very 
 often unto them the Colo.neil, let out bravely and enriched with the Ipoiles ot his enemie, 
 «' Follow this brave gentlcmai), good loaldicrs ('qaoth be) and about the dead champion ofthe 
 "Gauls killed their whole troops, and lay themalong. Inthis fight appeared the help ot God 
 and inancvidently : and they fought it out with the Gauls, and bad no doubtfull conflid : both 
 
 armies
 
 Thefeventb Boo\ of T. Livius. 2 1 p 
 
 A armies h»'M"o conceived and deeply imprinted before hind in tbeir mindjhe future event of thcfe 
 two louldiers that had foughttogether. Between the formoft, whole concurle had railed others, 
 there WIS s \htxp conflid : but the reft of the multitude, turned back before ihey came to the 
 volley of da f s. And fidt they were icari ered along the Volfcian and Falern countries .• but after- 
 Wiid ihey took their waies toward Abulia and the lower Adriatick (es. 
 
 The Con(ul having afkmbled the louldiers to an audience ,(olemnly before them alijCommen- 
 dedtheCoonell, and rewarded him v/ith ten oxen and a coronet of gold. Himiclf, by diredion 
 fromthcSenafjto attend the war by lea, joyned camp with the Preter.And thcre,becau(e through 
 the cowardilecf the Greeks that would not come intothefield, the war was like to belong 
 B and lingring, he nominated, by the aijthotity of the 5enat, 7". Manlim TorcjHutHs br the DitSa- 
 tour, toholdtheEletftionofConluls. The Didfitour having named for his Generali of horlm en, 
 A.CtrKtltiu Cojus, held the EitSion, and with exceeding favour of the peopi?, declared for 
 Confui one like himlclf, and tracing the fteps of bis own vcttue and glory, Ai V-iUtims Corvi" 
 nm{koxt\Mi washis (urname afterwards^ in hisablence.- a young man^ I fay, three and twenty 
 ytKioM.ToCerviKHs was ad jnyned companion in government a Commoner iM .F c^pilmt Lenm 
 the fourth timt . Camtlltts performed no memorable exploit with the Greeks.- for neither were the 
 Greeks goo;i louldiers on land, nor the Roaisnsat fea. At the lad being kept from landing ; and 
 failing, befides other neceflaries, of frefh water, they left ^/-i/^.Of what people, orof what nation 
 in Greece this fleet conlilted, is not certainly known.l would think verly, that they were the Ty- 
 C rants or potentats of 5icily, above all other. For all Greece beyond them, at that time wearied and 
 toiled •.)Ut with civill wars,aiuch feared the greatnefle of the M»cedonians.Attcr tb€ armies were 
 diicharged, a 'd that both abroad there was peace, as alfo at home quietneffe, tbroughthe unity 
 of tbe Mates :lelt ihey fhould be glutted *vithtcomuch joy, behold apellilencearolein the Cty 
 a. ,3 corltrained the Senat tocon.mand the Decemvirs, to overlook the books of SibyUa. : and by 
 dirtdion tbereot, vjii t Letiiflernt cclcbrited. The lame year there was a Colony drawn out 
 of the Arwiats, to people 5^/r-/c«w, and the town was rcpaiitd tor them; vvhi:hthe Latins had 
 dedroied. Alfoshere was atiJ^^iwraleagueconciuded with the Carthaginian Emballadours, who 
 came ot purpofe to (ue for fociety and amity. The lamc rcH continued (till both at heme and a- 
 _ btoad, when "t. Manlins (orquatus, and C. TUmtiti the Itcond tin;e were Con'uls. \ he ufury 
 ^ which was before after one in the hundred, became now but half fo much. Thepaiment of debts 
 was dilpenl cd & ordered into three years by even portions, lo as a fourth part (hould be paid out 
 of band. And albeit fome of the CommonsCfor all that) were pinched therewith, yet the Senat 
 bad more regard to fee credit kept with the chamb;r of the City, then of the ditficuities ot pri- 
 vatpetlons. Tbe gtcateftmitters were wcUeafcd.in that they forbare to colled tbe tribute and to 
 unulter louldiers. 
 
 The third year after that Satricum was reedified by the Volfcians, M, Vaitriw Corvinm the 
 fecond time Confui with C. Pettlitu^ upon news of Latium., that Embaflsciors fron Anttum 
 went about to tbe nationsof the Latins, foiliciting themtorifeupinarms, was commanded*'? 
 make war upon the VoUcianSt beforetheenemie&forccs were greater: who put himltlf on h? 
 Jourrey witha hcrce at my toward ^/»n/c«w. Whither when as the Antjats and other Volfcians' 
 E were come to meet him, with a power provided aforehmd, agamft any prepara;ions from jf?d)Wf, 
 prefently without any Hay they joyned battel, as being through a deep fetled and long hatred, ma- 
 litioufly bent one againft the other. The Volfcians, a nation moie hally to rcbell, than hardy to 
 fight, being defeated in a battel, fled amain and bighed apace to put themleves withintbc walsof 
 Satricum, But when the wals were not able to fave them, for that the town being environed and 
 inveftcd round with touldiers^M^'as ready robe taken by Icaling, there were upon 4coj.of them 
 bcfides the common fort not meet for fervice.that yeeldcdthemfelves. The town was ralcddowt^ 
 and burnt; only they fpared the firing of /1^4r<Mj church. And the whole laccage and (poil was 
 bellowed upon the louldiers. But there were not comprifed within this booty, tbe 4:cothat 
 pyecldcd. Thofe the Confui in his triumph cauicd tobe led bound before his chariot : and after that 
 fold them, & brought a round fum of money into the irealnry. Some write,that this number of cap- 
 tives, werebonddavcs. And that is more like to he tiue.thanrhat ths^y ihojlJ be fold, whoyeel- 
 ded themfelvcs. After this followed Coniuls, M- Fabius Dorftio, and Strvim Sulpniw Cc.meri- 
 nus. Thenfaegan the Auruncanwar uponai'uddeninvafion that they made. And for fear Itllthe 
 aftion ot that one State and City, hid been the rcfo!u:ion of the whole t.atine nation and by their 
 ir.aintenance,there was created Didator (as if if had been again!! all Launm already up in arms) 
 h. Furifu CamillUs : who cbnfe for hi$ General of hcrfinen, Cn.Mimlim CapitoliKus. And (as the 
 ale had been in time of great troubles and luddcnrumults)hc inu'tered without any teipeff of Im- 
 munity and Exemption, and therewith proclimed a Cefiation of all courts of law .-andthcleoions 
 with all fpeed poffiole were led againft the Auruncans^where they found.that they cirricdthe mind 
 G of plunderers rather then of warriors. So that in the firft battel, that war was difpatched.Howebeit 
 the Diaator,bccsu(e thcy not only madcthe quarrel and warred .'irft but alio offered fighf without 
 any drawing back, luppcfing there were fome need of Gods help wiihsllfr.m heaven.had vowed a 
 temple to Juno Moyicta : and after he had obtained thxt ht vowed for, and therby was charged to 
 pe; term his vow, fofoon as he was returned home to Romt wit bvidory, gave up his Didicorfhip. Thetempleof 
 The Ser.at commanded two officers CalledDunmvirs to bt created tor the edifying o that temple,' J'^ntM.omic. 
 according to the magnificence of the peeple of Rom^. The place was appointed and let out on the 
 
 V a [[Cpiiou]
 
 zio 
 
 Thejeyentb BooJ{ofT. Livius. 
 
 rcspitoin hilijcven the very plot of ground, where fometime before ftood the dwelling iioufe of H 
 M. ManltM Cap'tolinw. The Coff.havingimploied the Diftatour his army in the VoKcisn war, - 
 furprifed at unwares the town Sora ont of the enemies hands.The Tetnple of Afoneta was dedi- 
 cated the year after It had been vowed,when C. Martius Rutilius the third time, and T. Manlitu 
 TorqttitHs the (econd timcwereConfuls.Immediatly upon the dedication of that church.there en- 
 fued a arange wonde'-.likc unto that eld marvel of the h\\Alb.'.nM ; For it rained ftoncs,and in the 
 day time it fetmed to be dark night. And the books ofSihjUa being pcrufed ("for that the City now 
 was mightily given to ruperftition)the Senst ordeined, that there (hould be a Didtator named for 
 the otdeining of certain fealts and holy daiesSo "P.ralerim Publicola was chofen, and with him, 
 Q. Fabitu Ambuflm Generall of the horlmen. Order was given, that not only the Tribes fhould I 
 goinlolemnproccflion with their praicrsand Letanies,but alio the nations that bordered upon 
 them; with a precife diredion unto them,upon what dales every one Ihall make '.uppIication.That 
 year (as it is repotted j there pafled heavy judgments and the Sentences of the people againft the 
 V(urers,with wbom the ifidiles had commenced fuit.And without any notable caufc to be remem- 
 bered, they grew to an liverreign. Upofi which,that fomething might be thought thereby done, 
 both Confuls were made c fthc Noblcs.i^.r^/fr/w Corvintu the third tivne^tndj4.Cern(!lifaC'''JlP*^- 
 Now from hence- forth will we treat ot greater wars, both for the puiffance of the enemies, 
 and alfo for their far didance.- as well for their (ptcious countries they inhabited, as long traft of 
 The begin- time that they continued. For this year began the Romans to bear arms againft the Samnits, s 
 ning cfihe nation powerfuHn wealth, and valiant infield. After which war, fought on both fides withalter- K 
 Simnit wir. native fortune, there fucceeded Pjrrhtu their enemy, and after Pjrrhus the Carthaginiins.To fee 
 (good Lord)the wonderfull llirs and troubles, and how often the Romans fell into extreinitics of 
 pcrilsjthat their Dominion and Empire might arife unto thisgreatnels and highftate,which hath 
 much ado to hold its own.and ftand maintamcd.But the caufc of the Romans war with the *Sam- 
 * Alrn'Tzo and Hits, being in fociety and amity linked togetherj arofe firft from others, and not upon any quarrel 
 the Duchie of between thcmfelves. At what time as the Samnits warred unjnftly (as being more mighty) upon 
 Btnovente, as ,he * Sidicins .• they as the weaker and forced to flie foe I'uccour unto the richer, banded with the 
 fsr as ^op'cs. (jjmpains. Who bringing with them a greater name, than power (in deed) to aid and aflift their 
 timsofsWci- Allies,& flowing in riot and fuperfluous delights, hapned in the country of ttje Sidicins to be foiled 
 nurf, other- &dtfeated by the other,who bad been inured and hardened by continual ufii of arms :and lo after- L 
 wife called r^- vvards drew upon their own heads, the Whole violence and poife of the Wars. For the Samnits 
 
 anum 01 
 
 ^*''''' letting the Sidicins alone, went to the head, and fctupontheCampains, asit were the very for 
 ""' treifc and caftle of defence for al the borderers.For wel they wift that there they might win vido- 
 
 ry as ealily.-but riches & honour at their hands they were to atcbievc muchmore.And when they, 
 bad gained and held with a ftrong garrifon,the hils called * Tifata.thtt were adjoyning, and com- 
 manded the City Crf/i«<»j From thence they dekended with a fourfquare ranged battell into the 
 c«p^°"^ ' plain that lyethbetweenC4/»«<« and 7'//<jr4.- where a fecond field was fought: In which the Cam- 
 panies had the overthrow, and were beaten within their wals. Having therfore no hope necc 
 band, and feeing the ftrength of their youth greatly decaied, they were conftraincd to fcek for aid 
 of the Romans. Whofe EmbalTadors being admitted intotheSenat, and having audience given j^ 
 them, Ipake much what to this effcft. ' ■ The people of^apua, moft noble Senators.haih fent us in 
 The Embaffj- "ambafTy unto you, to crave at your hands friendship for e»er,and fuccour for the prcfent. Which 
 dors of the (f asnity it we had rcquelled in our profperity, well might it fooner have begun,but knit had it bcea 
 SrS'natVt" W'^'^ * weaker bond and not fo durable. For then, remembring our fcl vcs to have entred league 
 Rom\ indfociety on even ground, and in equall eftatc with you ; friends haply wefl:iould havebeenas 
 
 we now are, but bounden and devoted unto you, we had never bgcn. But now, in cafe by your 
 " con mifcrationand pity w« be gained and won; and in our diftrefTc, by your aid, helped and re- 
 "lieved ; we mult needs aflFeflionatly embrace a benefit from you received, unlefle we would be 
 •' thought unthanktuU wretcb«s,and unworthy ofany helpeitberof God or man. And albeit the 
 ■' Samnits, have been before us intertained in friendihip and confederacy, yet we think that no N 
 " lufficient bar, but that we may alfo De received into the fame. Only thus much it ought to make 
 "for them, as to be preferred before us in antiquity of time, and degree of honour. For in that 
 alliance bet ween you and the Saainits, there is no expreffe claufe, no caveator provilo contained, 
 "againrtthe making ofany new confederacie. And lurely,alwsies heretofore ye have thought 
 •' it cauie good enough olyour friendfbip, if the party who fought the fame, were but willing 
 "and dtfnous to be your friend. We Campains(albeit our preient condition lutTeretb us not 
 " to fpeakmagnifically) giving place to no nation but your felve;, either for the [lately pori of 
 ••our City, crgoodneUc, and t'ruitfulneffe, of our foil, in entringinto your acquiintsnce, fhail 
 "nolahitle, 1 luppofe increafeand better your good eflaie. And firi> for the Jiquiansand 
 •VoHcians, tholecternall and perpetual enemiesof this City, they fhali not lb foon atanytimeo 
 " ftirandputout tfieirheadSj but wc will 6c; (height upon their j.ick$. And lock what ye firfl 
 " fhall find in your hearts to doc for ourlaftv, the fame will we sKvaies do for your Empire 
 •'and honour. And when thofe nations be onceiubduea that are between you and us( which youc 
 •♦vertueand fottunat felicity, promileth will oe fnortly) then fball your dominions reach ail the 
 "way in a continued train, asuntous. A pitifiiUand larot^nfablecateit is, thatourpretent for- 
 *'tuncurg£tfaustocopfe{Te; To this exigent and hard terms of extremity are weCampainsdri- 
 **vea (right honoursb:ej thstfub/eft wcmull be, either to oar friends or to ourenemifs. If ye 
 
 defend
 
 Thefeventb BooJ[^ of T. Livius, 221 
 
 ^ defend us, yovirs will we be ; forfakeus once, we mull be the Samnits.ConfuU ye now therefore 
 <* detibetaily,whether ye bad rather, that Capua and all the territorie of O;»^,fhould be annexed 
 «' unto your power and Statc,or added to the bamnits Seignory. your mercy your fuccour, O No- 
 <* ble R.omans,ougbt in equity to extend unco all men, out e(pecially unto tbolc.whoby yeeldin" 
 ''their relief and helping hand (" even above their power junto others, that inplored and humbly 
 " belbught fuccour, are now themfel?es fallen all, into the fame ftrcightsotnecefliry. Andyer, 
 «'to (ay the truth, wifoii-ht in fhsw andfemblance of word for the Sidicins ;but in very deed' 
 »' and cffeft for own [elves. For coofidering a neighbour nation, bordering even upon us, to be 
 «' roDbed and fpoilcd molt wrongfully by the Samnits ; we well forcfaw, that when the Sidicins 
 B « were once (tt a burning,the lame fire would foon be driven and reach unto us. For nowarenoc 
 " the Samnits come toaliailus.as difcontented for any injury received .• but, as well pleafcd that 
 *'• they have caufe of quatrell offered and prefcnted unto them. For if it had been but a revenue 
 '« only of anger upon lome pretended wrong, and not a mean and occahon, to fatisfie their greedy 
 " appecite; had it not been enoughfor them, that they had vanquifhcd andput to the fvvord our 
 «* Legions once in the iiidicine country, and a lecond timein Campainit Iclf ourown territory? 
 " what acankered and a mortall nalice is tbis,whichbloodrhed and mafsactes in two batiels cm 
 «'not latiateor alsvvage? befidesihe waflingof our fields, the drivir.g away ofbooties,as well of 
 '* people as cattell, the firing of villages, the ruin and bavock they made ; and in every place no- 
 " thing but fire and fword. Could not their anger and wrath have beenfatisficd wirhallthisJBut it 
 ^ *■ is their greedy and unfatiable covetoulnefs and nothmg elle that mud be filled. That is it which 
 ** carrieth thcm,that halcth and draggeth them to the alsault cfCapxa. At it their teeth water, that 
 " moli goodly and beatitiiull City will they either deftroy.or be LL, thereof themfelves. But may 
 ♦« it plejfe you Romans, to gain it afore by your own benefit and good defert : rather then fuffec 
 '■'■ them to iciz upon it,by wrong and mifchicf. I ipeak not this before a people that ufeth to make 
 " it ftrange and goodly to undertake any rightful and juft wats.lf ye but fhew a copy of your ccun- 
 "tenance, as if ye would aid and iuccotsr us, liuppole yefhall have no need at all of further 
 "war. The Samnits overweening oUhemfclves and contempt of others, reachcth totisonly, 
 " further it proceedcth not. So that under the very (haddow of your adilUnce, O Romans, we 
 -^ " may be I'afely coveted and protefted. And whatloever we fhall hereafter gain thereby, what- 
 « foever we ftiall be of our (elves (even as much as we are worth) ready are wc to acknowledge it 
 "allyours. For your fake Hiall the Campain ground be tilled: for your behoof iliall thcCity {^a- 
 <^pKa be relorted unto and frequented : and accounted (hall ye be of us.no lefs than founders, pa- 
 *' rents, yes, and as the immor. all gods. There (hail be a borrougb or Colony of yours tbst 
 "/hall go beyond us in oblequious dutifulncfs towards you. Do but afford unto us Campains, O 
 "Noble Senators, 1 token of your gracious countenance, yeeldus your invincible name' as a 
 «' powerfull deity, and bid Ui^ hope alTuredly, that C<i;>«^ (liallremaine Uill and continueinfafc- 
 ««ty. What a number think yeotall forts and degrees of people, followed and accompanied 
 «'us, when we came from thence ? How left we all places filled with their vovvs,tbeir praiers 
 " and tears ? In what expeftation now, do the Senat and of people Capua, our wives and chil- 
 ««dren, attend our return ? Affuredlam, that the whole multitujiertand about the gates lookin-^ 
 ^ «' toward the high port- way that leadeth from hence thither, waiting to know whatnev-s, ix- 
 " pcfting what anlwcr, my LL. your pleafure is that we fliould report back from you unto them, 
 «' lb carefull, fo heavy, fo perplexed. One word prefenteth unto them fafety.viftory, life and 
 « liberty .-the other, I dread toprefage whatitmay import. Wherefore to conclude, determine of 
 «'us, either as ofthem that fhall and will be, your confederates and faithfuU Allies j orellcfuch 
 "asmufl be worfe then nothing. After that the EmbalTadors were witbdrawnafidejsnd the Se- 
 nat fell to counfell : althoughagood paitof them wercofopinion.thatthegreateQ and wealthieft 
 City of all Itaij, the moft plenteous country and near to the lea, might be as it were tfce garner 
 and ftorehoufe, whatlbevcr variable changes of corn and viduals niight happen ; ytt they fct 
 V more by keeping their faith and prom'fc, then of that great commodity thatui'ight accrew unto 
 them .• and thus by diiciSion of the Senat n.adc the Conful anfwcr. '• TheScnaijudgeib you O The snrwcr of 
 Campains worthy of aid : but meet it is that we entertain your amity, lb, asa more cncient fo- theConfol co 
 ciety andfriendfhipbenot thereby violat and broken. The Samnits are in league, and confede- '^"^ E'>i'^-ffa- 
 "rat with us. Wcmu'l needs therefore debar you from making that war agauil}- the Samnits, '^"^■' 
 which fhould foonec dilhonour 'the godsthen hurt and wrong men. Hjw'L)eit,as equity and 
 V veafon doth require, we will to our Allies and friends fcni our E nballadcurs, to inti eat them to 
 " offer no violence unto you. To thisanlwer the chief man of the EmbaCsagc (according as he had 
 comtniffion from home^ replied and laid. ^' For as much as ye are not willing to defend cur right 
 "andcaufe, by juH and lawtull power againft violence and injury ; yourownyet, 1 aai fureye 
 *' will maintain. Therefore my LL. of the Senat, here we yeeld up in your hands, and to the TIii- Citly.cn.: 
 G Seignory of the people of /Jsrwf, the whole nation of the C3|:uins,the City C^/)«.3, curhnds :nd ^'^^a/irt^furrcn 
 poiieffions,the lacrcd temples of the gods, and ail things elle both holy and prolsne. Ar.d whst- l!,Vn" hdr cu 
 loeverficm henceforth wc (hall fuffer andabide.we wiUiultainas ityoar lie^eiuem and luojedsj ,y and terriccf 
 wholly devoted as vaffals unto ycu. At which words they all held up ibeirhanas Mnto the Con- -y. 
 Juls, Ihed tears plcnteoufly, and fell down npcntheir tnecs inthe very entty of the Councell 
 bcufc. TheS'enat moved witliconlideration of the changeable courle and tuiri of human for- 
 tune, in the world, to lie fo great and mighty a people of puiffance, io pompous for fUpcif^ui 
 
 V 3 ous
 
 zy.t 
 
 J he fifth Boo\ofT'\Jm\jiS, 
 
 ous a' undancc and magnificence (at wbofe hands but a while before, the nations bordering had ^ 
 craved and begged their aid) to carry with tiicmnow fobafe and broken hearts, asoftheirown 
 accord, tofubmit themfelvesand allthey had in the whole world, to the power and devotion of 
 others : were pen waded now it was a matter of truft and faithfuUncffe, not to abandon and lee 
 betraicd, tho<e that thus were reduced urn-Ier their proteftion. Neither thought they, that the 
 people ofjdww/ww could in any equity or colour of Juftice, invade that land, or affauh that City, 
 which was futrendred and annexed to the imperial! State of Rome, When^upon prefently they a- 
 greed todifpatchEinbaffadorsuniotheSaainits, who had inchirge and cotnmiflionto make de- 
 claration unto them ; Firft, of the Campains petitions: lecondly, of the anlwer of the Se- 
 nat returned unto them, implying the remembrance oftheSamnits amity; laftofaU, of the I 
 Campains furrender.Thcnto requeftand defire them in regard of their mutuaU fociety and friend- 
 fhip, to fpare and forbear thofe, that were their vaffals, and not with any hoftility to invade that 
 territory, which was become iubjeft to the people of ^ewff. If by this courteous dealing they 
 conld do no good, then, to command the Samnits in the name of the people and Senat of ^*»jf, 
 toabftainfrom the City C4/)«<i and the country of the Campains When thefc EmbalTadours ' 
 debated tbcfe matters fin the Councel Houfe of the Samniis, they returned fo flout and 
 arrogant an anlwer again, not in thclc terms only. That they would go forward in the war began j 
 but (that which more was) the rulers coming forth of their CouncellHoule,even whiles the Em- ;J 
 baffadors there ftood. called tothc captaios of the cohorts, and with a loud voice commanded 
 Defiance e'l- tbem forthwith to make a rode into the Campaincountryjfor to fpoil and fetch booties. This Em- K 
 venbyiheRo- baffage being returned home again to ^i)»;e,the Senators (ettingafide the care of all other matters, 
 mans to the fcnt their heralds to demand reftitution : and for default therof.after the folcmn maner to proclaim 
 Samnus open war. Whereupon they decreed with all (peed poITible to propound this matter to the peo- 
 
 ple :and by the confent of the people, both Coff. with two armies departed the City, Falerim into 
 Camptifiia,Corneliw intoS^mKiHm: and pitched their tentSiP^aUntu at the foot of the hilGaurtUy 
 and the other at SatricuIa.Tbe Samnit legions prelented themlelves firll to Va/erim(ioT that way 
 they luppolcd all thcforccs would be bentjfof indignation alfo,againlt the Campaips,becaufe rhey 
 were lo ready one while with their own fucconrs,& another while in fending for the aid of others 
 againft thcni. And fo foon as they difcovcrcd the Romans campt in all haft Cevery one for his 
 A coitof arms pa^O called luftily f o their captains for to ftrike up and found the battell : alluring tbcmfelves, and L 
 of purple or faying plainly, that the Romans (hould fpeed as well in Succouring the Campains, as the Cam- 
 fcarlet colour pjms had done before them in aiding the Sidicins. Vaienw, after he had amufed the enemies not 
 at'tlfe'c iie-'^ many daies together, withfome light skirmifties, only tomaketriallof them what they could do, 
 rail his pavi- puttorth the* fignall of bactell at tbelalf, but firll exhorted his fouldiers in a /bort fpeech in this 
 lion. wile," That neither this new warnor new enemy ftiould terrific them: for as much as the far* « 
 
 The exhort*. " ther rhey Warred from theCity, the more cowardly Nations they Were and Icffe warlike ftilljq J 
 co°vL^toT(s " "'hom tncy wetu.Ibat they fliouid not eftecm the valour ottbe Samnitsby the Iste lo(Tes& de- m 
 fuuldicrj. *' t^>f* of the Sidicms orCampains.-For wholoe ver they be that contend & fight together,onc fide 
 "orother cannot chufe, butgo to the wals. The Campains, doubtleffe, had tbeovcrthroivra- 
 "thertbrough thcirowneffeminattendernefle, as flowing too much in exceffe and '-upetfliiityof jyj 
 *' pleafures, than by their enemies hardinelfe and valour. And what were t^vo only forcunu bat- ^ 
 " te;s of ihe Samniis, in (o ininy ages to be (et againlf fo many honourable vidories of the people * 
 " of Rome ? Who, from the fir!' fnunaaiion ot rheir City, may number more Triumphs well ne«c 
 "thanyears: who have by ;var fubdued all Nations about theuu the Sabines, Hirrram, the La» 
 "tins. HemickSj^quians, VoUcians, and Auruncans.Acd astheyougfai to go into the field,cvery 
 ** man prefuming & trulling upon his own manhood and glorious waifareifo fhould they have an 
 *eye, and confider, under rt'hofeleading and regiment they were to enter into battell. Whethec 
 *'be were a man that in the hearing of bis fouldiers, could only make goodly and ma^nificall Ora- 
 "tions, fierce in brave words, void of Military works : or he w! o himfelfknew haw to handle 
 " hii weapon, to advance before the ftandards, yea, and to be emp'i^ed even in the midlc of all M . ' 
 '' the battell. I would have you (quoth be) my fouldien, to follow my deeds and not my words, 
 *' and oi me to learn, not only dilciplme, but alfogood examp'e. I bave not by bribing and fafti- 
 '• ons, nor yet by courting and Orations (afuall matters amof.g Noblemen^ but by this right band I 
 " of mine, attained unto three ConfuliliipSjand to the highclt honour. The time bad been indeed, 
 *• when a man might have laid thus unto nr'e : Nomarvell, For why.? You weea gentleman of 
 •'noble blood.dcfccndcd from thofe that were the deliverers of their country ; & in the fame year 
 *' that thcCi:y hid firll a Conful.this houle of yours had the Coniulfhip But now the cafe is altcr- 
 *' ed, the way untoa ConlulQiip,isasopentoyou Commoners,astous of cheNobility. Nowisic 
 *'not the guerdon of birth and gentry, as aforetime : out the reward and recbmpence of vertue 
 •'and valour. Ani therefore my fouldiers, fboot at the highclt dignities, and aim at (overaigi w 
 •'honour. And although ye that are men, have by the grace snd approDanon of the gods* given 
 •'unto me this new addition of lurnami[|Ccr«'/»»*i], et have not 1 forgot the antientn-.ie of the 
 •'P«i'//^tf//<^,appropriat unto our family, i love and ever wil)(asalwaies 1 have done.) the Com- 
 *' mons of Rcme, a: all times alike,both abroad in wars,and aifo at home in prace, ai well a pnvat 
 " perfbn,ai in ir.' offices, vvere they little,or were they much; whiles I was Ta^nj e.whiies I was 
 *' Conluli and nocnsnglir.ghave 1 bee throughour a.l my Conl'ul(hips,one after ruv.-ber. Nowfor 
 ;• this prefsntenterprilewhich we are abouc.vvith the help of God,& in ms natnejtiave a caft with 
 
 me
 
 J he fifth Boo\ of T. Livius. 
 
 22; 
 
 \ "^ me for a new and freHi Triumph over the Ssmnits. Never was there s Generali more familiar 
 
 with his louldiers : as wiliing as the meancftot-tbem, tolsy his hand upoo any bale olfices that j hef»mi]ian- 
 that were to be done j yea, and in the very training and exercifes oftbe(ouIdiers, at what time ly ^f corvwM 
 ascquxlstry maO-eriesof aflivity and Rrength, one with another, gently would he other whiles "'."'' ^'* '°"l" 
 take the foi!, as well as the vidory, and ever keep one counten3nce"^rtill .• not rejedting or refufing '''f "' "^ ^" 
 any one wh'ofoeverwculd offer fo match him. or bebismste. For deed, benigne and boun- pms,^"° 
 tcous to his power, and as occafion required •• in his wotdj, no lelTe mindfull oi the freedom of o- 
 tbers,than rcfpcftive of his own place and dignity :and (< !ian whicb,there is nothing more popiu- 
 lar)look by what vcrtuous demeanour & carriage of himlelf,he fought to attain unto honours and 
 
 B promotions.with th| fame he bare tbem;and went through with them.Thercfore the whole army 
 with incredible ch*rfulnefl'e accepting this exhortation of their captain, ilTucd forth of the camp 
 into the field. Ncvtr was there battcll fought more indifiPerently on both fides. Their hope was 
 like, their forces cquall, with full trult and confidence in themlelves, and yet without contempt 
 of their enemies. ^ he Samnits, for to whet their courage, jjrefumed upon their frefh and late at- 
 chievedafls, and their double viftory but few daics before. The Romans on the contrary fide, 
 flood u pon their honour and reputation for the fpace of four hundred years, and their conquefts 
 every fince the toundation of ttieit City. Yet they were troubled, both the one and the other, to 
 deal with a new and unknown enemy. The manner of their fight iLewed what ftomacksthey car- 
 ried. For the c^i^fli("!t was (uch, as for a good vvhilc theyfsemed on neither part to yeeld one foot. 
 
 C Then the Confu' \ cag they could not oy mere forcebccaufed to retrcat.thought to fet a fuddcn Acruellbir, 
 fear a i.ong them: an-1 therefore affaieth, byendingin the horfmen upon the formoft enfiooes 'ellf'"w"n 
 tobrcaV. their rancks, and '^uf. them in difarray. Bat when he law, that in to fmall room of ''j^^'>„"""''. .^ 
 ground they toiled themfelvei iuvain, and could not well tnanage their troops and cornet?, nor '*" •**'»""'? 
 break in upon the enemies, he rode oack again to the van and foTefront of the Legions, and dif- 
 mountcd from horfback,*' We that are toot men (quoth he) when all is done^ muftdothedsed 
 I fee well.Coci:e on then, and as ye behold me (which way foever T go) by dint of fword to make 
 *• way and entrance into the enemies battell : fo every man fbrbimfelf, down with him that 
 *'ftandsnext in his way. Straightwaies (hall ye lee, that whereas novvtheif fpears and pikes 
 "fland glittering and bent upon us, there will be a widejane made over their flsincircafes. He 
 
 E^ had not fofoon ipoken thcfe words, but the botfaten at theConfuls commandment, ran upon 
 both the wings and points andmsdeway for the footmen to enter the main battell. Firlland 
 formolt the Conlul in perfon chargcth the enemy ,and whomfoever he hapnsd to encounter, him 
 be killeth in the place. This goodly fight fet the reft on fire : and then every man did his bell, laid 
 about him manfully ,and carried it afore him right worthily .The Samnits flood to it Hill and moved 
 not.albeit they got more knocks and wounds then they gave. Thus when •hefigtithad ca-dnued 
 a good while, notwithftanding much bloody (laughter about the Samnits enfignes ; yet no flying 
 was there on any lide .• fo relolut were they, by death only to be vanquiitsd. Whereupon the 
 Romans feeling thcirownftrength for wearineffedecaied and fpenr, and butliuieday left, in- 
 flamed with anger, gave a f refli charge all at once upon the enemies. Then (and not before^' be- 
 gan they to (brink and give ground, and encline to flight : Then were the Samnits tal.tn prit'oners 
 
 E and (lain thick.Few or none had cfcaped alivcjbut that the night came fo fall upon thcm.thst it in- 
 terrupted the viSory, ratner then ended the battell. .Both the Romans themfelves confcded, 
 they never fought with a more (lubborn and obftinate enemy; and the Simnits alfo being deman. 
 ded the primitive caufc, which forcedthem ('(o (lifly bent as they vitie) to run away at the 
 laftjfaid, that the Romans (cemed to have burning lire in their eies, and to carry in their faces 
 andvifages the furious rage of mad and frantick perlbns : and thereat fird began they fo be af- 
 frighted, more thenat any thing clfe. Which feartulneflc of theirs, they bewraied not only by the 
 prefenteventof the battell.but alfo by iheirdiflodging and departure away in the ni'ght.Ths mor- 
 row after thcRomans were maimers of their empty and naked camp.* unto which all the whole 
 multitude of theCampaines came running in number to rejoice and congratulate their V!(3o= 
 
 J ry. 
 
 But this joy bad like to have been fouly blemiflied with an overthrow and defeat in Samnium, 
 Tor Cornelins the Conlul being dcpared from Satricula, had engaged his army unadviledly with- 
 in a foreft, through which went an hollow valley or lawn, forlaid on both fides with an ambufh .' 
 neither dilcoveied be his enemies over his head, before fuch time as he could not retire with bis 
 enfignes into a place of fafe receit. But whiles the Samnits (laied only untill he had brought bis 
 army fully down into the bottom of the vale, P. Decius, a Coloneli of footmen, efpied in tdtfor- 
 rcft one little high hill, which commanded theplace where the enemies lay encamped .- and as 
 it was for an army heavily armed, and charged with carriage, hard to be got up unto .• .o for them 
 that were lightly appointed ard burdened, nothing ditficult. He perceiving the Coniul tioubled 
 
 Q in mind a;^J affrighted.' See younot (quoth he) O ^»'/»« Cfl>-«r/i<« yonder hiliiup aoove the e- 
 nemie? That isttievc*y fortrcHc of cur hope andfafety, iribbethat wecangaitie tni- famelulti- 
 Jv^, asthe Samnits have left it blinoly. I lequire nomoreof ycu, but tolet ti;e have the Principct 
 and (pear men clone only Legion. And when with ihem I have once fcized the top tocreof, let ^j" valour of 
 fc.ward you from heoceand fear nct,ncither make rfoubt to lave your lelf and the army. Tortbe v.Deiim, 
 encmie being under us, r.nd lying open to all our (hot, cannot ftir without great loffe and prefent 
 
 miichief. Astotuj, either the fortune of the people of .Kcw?, or ourownmanhood fball work 
 
 - -- - - ^ - . - ^^^
 
 2.^4- ^ ^ T heJeyentbBookof T.LWms, 
 
 our evafion. Being commended by the Conful, ind bavinj.; • : ceived that troop and guard which H 
 he demanded, he mircheth clofe through the woody pals, a* d was not defciied by the cncmic be- 
 fore he approacbed the place fhat he went to get. AnJ whiles they all were auialed thereat and 
 wondred, and wholly turned their eies to himwird, he bothgaiied the Conlul fome time to 
 withdraw his army into a more convenient and open ground, and poiTefled hiailelf ot'thc hill top, 
 and there refted. TheSamnits, whiles they turntheir enlignesto and fro, (as men that loft the 
 vantage of both (ides) could neither make after the Conlul, but through the iamc valley, wherein 
 a while before they had him under their fhot.nor yet ereft their fquadron$,and marthup that bill, 
 which I>m>« over them had already gained.But being more angry withthoie,that thushad dilap- 
 pointed them of the fair means ihey had ota brave exploit, and confidering withall the necrnelfc I 
 ofthe place.and their fmall number which were gotten thither.they wereotieljyhilc of mind to en- 
 viron thetiill round with armed men, and to keep Deciut from the Conful ; another while, to 
 make them way. that when they were come down into the vdlcy, they mightj'ct upon them. 
 Thus whiles they were in doubt what to do, the night overtook themr Decita at the firft, was 
 in good hope to fight with them from the higher ground.as they mounted up againft the hill : but 
 afterwards he marvelled much, that they neither began to charge upon him, nor yet when they 
 were diiappointed and put by that purpolcv through difadvamage of the ground, fortified them- 
 undc"cop" '^'*^* with trench and rampier, and other pioners work. Then calling the Centurions unto himj 
 wins. " what unskilf ulnefle (quoth be;of military fetvice, what fupine flacknelTe and floth is this ? and 
 
 ••how got tbefelozels the vidoryof theSidicins and Campains.'Ye fee their enfigns waving hither K 
 *'and thither: one while hudled they are in one together, another while advanced and difplaied at 
 •' length. As for munitions & fortifications,no man beginneth any: and by this time we might have 
 •'been entrenched round about. But if we (lay herelonger then for our vantage, we might be 
 " counted lazy lubbers like them. Come on then,go with me,that whiles day light lerveth.wc may 
 ." fee in what places tbsy-qaartert&cir guards, and whit way we may get from hence and cfcape. 
 All this went he to efpie anddKcovcrhimfclf inperfoo.cladin acommonlouldicts jacket^lead- 
 ing with him the othe-r captains in the habit of their louldiers; to the end that the enemies might 
 not take mark of the Gcnerall bimlelf, how be went about to view them. After this, when be bad 
 difpofed the lentinels and corps de guard, to all the reft he commanded a watchword to be given, 
 that when the trumpet founded thefecond watch, theyfhonld come all unto him armed, and L' 
 p.Dtc'm to his make no noife at all. When they were thitbet afTemblcd with rilence,as be bad commanded,'' Thii 
 fouldieri. ftilnefle my fellow louldiers(qaotbhe)mu(t ye keep, whiles ye hear me fpeak, and forbear all gi- 
 ving aflent by uttering vour vuices(a^ louldiers ufe to do^When I fbaii have delivered my mind to 
 you, let as many as liKe tbercof, ao loftly on the right hand, and not ipeak a word .- and look what 
 •'fide is greater, that courfe fhallftand and taKe place. And now liften what my conceit is, and 
 what I would have done. The enenyhs'.h not inverted you here, as men cither fled away foe 
 *' fear, or lagging (jchind for floth And idleneUe. The place have ye won by manhood .• by mao- 
 *«boodmuft ye from thence efcape. In coming hither, ye have already faved a brave army of the 
 *' people of ^tfwr ; and now by breaking out horn heuce, lave your own fdves. Wonbyyouare 
 "that being but a few, have luccoared maiiv, yefhouldnot ftand in need your felvcs of any j^ 
 ''mans help. With that enemy yc have to deal, whoyefterday through their fenfclclTefloth,over- 
 t' flipped their happy opportunity to defeat oui whole anry ; who were fo blind, that they faw, 
 " not this billof fo great importance even over their heads, bcfoie it was by us gained; who being 
 " fomanytboufands, could neither debar us from climbing up,as few as we were, nor when wc 
 "had got the place, compalie us about with a trench, having lo much day as they had. Thefe erte-, 
 " mieSjWhom ye have thus deluded &beguiled,whiles they were aw3ke,and had their cie-hght, 
 "ye are to deceive when they are fall ailcfp, fay.youmuft doefo indeed,thereisnoother reme- 
 ••dy.Foratthatpaffe wearenow.tbatlamratberto fhew you, in what terms of extremity ye 
 •« ftandi then to advife you to the execution of any good counfell. It is no consulting at this time 
 *• whether ye fhould here uay , or depart hente ; fith that betides your weapons, and hearts fetting N 
 •' up reU upopi their weapons, fortune hath left you nothing at all. And die wc muft without 
 •' doubt for hunger snd thidl, if we dread the (words point more than bsfittcth hardy men, and 
 «' valorous Romans. One way there is ihercfore,and but one way of lafety, even to make a brave 
 ••fally through and away. This muft we do, either by day or by night. And that doubt is foon 
 "cleared. If we look for the morrow day, what hope have we, bnt that the enemy willcaft a 
 •'ditch and bank even round about us : who alt cady as ye ice lying under this little rifing, have 
 *' compaffed it with their very bodies.NoWtif fo be that the night be a convenieiit and favourable 
 "time for irruptions and failles, as in truth it is- then, this hour of the night certainly, is ofallo- 
 "therthefitttlt. At the fecond watches found ye are come huher, at which time ail men are in 
 ••their moitlbund and dead fleep. Amid their bodies beingfaft aflccp.fhallyego. Either by fi-^ 
 •'Icnce deceive them unawarcs,orif they perceive you, affright the i. with a fuddenouxiy. Do 
 »' but follow me, as ye have done already, 1 willfoUow the lame ortune^^Tat "ui Jed mt hither. 
 •' Now as many of you that think this good conofel, and a courlclike to fpeed wdl,maUc no more 
 « adobut pafs on my right band. So they all pa(scd,and followed after Deems as be went througb 
 the quarters void of watchmen and warders.Now were they cfcaptd ttie mids of the camp.when 
 »fouldier,ashe clamberedovtrthe wafchmens bodies, lying heavy afleep, chanced tokum'Dle at 
 a (bicld.which gave a found again. Wberat the vyatchman being awakened, railed bis next fel- 
 low
 
 Thefeventb Boo\ of T. Li vius. 2^5 
 
 A low s and tbey being dart up, callup other, not knowing whether they were enemies or fellows, 
 whether the garifon of Z)irc/«* on the hill was broken forth,or the Conful had furprifd the camp. 
 tieciM then, leeing his fouldiers could notpaffe clear and undelctied;Com.iianded them to le: up a 
 fhout. And therewith he amaled them with anew fright, who were already drowned in drow- 
 finels; lb asthey could neither take weapons reaJily, nor make heed agaiolt them, nor yet pur!ue 
 after them. Whiles the Samnits were thus amazed and in confufion, the Roman gariibn had by 
 this time Qain the warders whom they met,& were marching towards the Conlbl his campjas yet 
 was Ibroewhat of the night to come : but now they (eemcd to bs late, and part all dan^cr/xhen 
 (quoth Decitu on forward in this courage of yours, O hardy Romans i This your pallage aiu re- ^: ^"■'"'*^°' 
 
 jj lurn to and fro, all ages fiiall extoll and praifc. But for the full fight and view of ib great valour, '^" '^'^''*''="'- 
 we bad need of broad day light: foryedefervebetter,thanthat theltilnight fhouldhideycuin (o 
 "glorious a return of yours into the camp. Let us here reft, and wail for day. His words were c 
 beiedj and lo (oon as the day brake, he difpatched a meiTenger afore unto the Conful : andlo 
 with exceeding joy they made (peed to the camp. And when it was known m the camp by the 
 privy watcbmenj that they who bad put their lives in moll dangerous hazard for the I'afty of them 
 all, were themtelvcs returned lafe s then every one came forth to meet them as faft as they could 
 with praifes and commendatioDS,calling them both all & fome,their fiviours.-praifing the immor- 
 
 tall gods,and giving thanks.yeajand extolling Df<:/»/ to the skie.This was the triumph of D^c/;// in 
 tb.c camp, as he marchetb through the midft thereof with his armed garvilbn. whiles every man 
 
 Ccaft his eies upon him, and made bim a Coronell, equall tothcConiul in all kind of honour. 
 When he was come to the Fretorium, the Conlul by found of trumpet, called all the army to an 
 audifince,andasheentredinfo adifcourfeof the dsfervedpraifesof Z)f<r,7«, Bectw bimiclf in- 
 tcrtuptethbim.andcuttetboffhisfpeech. Whereupon the Conful put cffthe Oration. Dtcini 
 tbenperlwadctb theCooful, tofetafidc all other things, and whiles theoccahon and' opportu- 
 nity was ofFred, be urged bim tfFi:(5ually, to give an al'arm to the enemies, both while they 
 were amazed with this (care by night, and alfoUyfcattering about the bill, as it were in their fc- 
 vcrall (conces. Befides, he thought verily that fome were fcnt out after bim to make irclli (uit and 
 wandred altray in the forreft. So the Legions were commanded to arm, and being departed' ouc 
 of the camp,and by means of the efpials better acquainted with the f jrelf,they were conduced by 
 
 D a wider lud more open way toward the enemy, whom fuddenly they lurpriled^ charged un- 
 awares and unprovided as he was. And for as much as the Samnit louldicrs were ftraglingtbroad, 
 and moft unarmed, and could neither rally tbemfclvcs and take arms, not retire into their trench 
 they dravethemat firft with fear into their camp.-aftcr.whiles the guards about it weredilordered' 
 and troubledjibey were matters thereof alfo. The noife was heard all about the hill, and canfed e- 
 very man to flie out of his bold. So a great part of them took their hecles before the enemy couli 
 come.But fo many as for fear were driven within the treivch(& thofe were fome 3 coco) were all 
 flain t and the camp rifled & fpoiled.The Conful having atcbie ved this exploit,called an aflembly.* 
 and not only finilhed the praifes of Pro*;, as be before began, but alio afnplified them withfrefli 
 commendation of this new fervice. And befides other military gifts, he rewarded him with a ^ ^■^"'='0; 
 crown ofgold, a hundred oxen, and one (pcciall whteone, fatand fair above the rell withguil- ''^"I"'?'''"j'j'! 
 
 Ecd horns. Tbelouldicrswhotogether with him held the hiilaforfajd, had given unto them fore- '^'^^^ ' •' 
 ver after, s double proportion of corn, and for tbeprefent one oxe a piece, and two fingle liveries, 
 After the Conful his reward was bellowed, the Legionary fouldiers themfelves put upon Y^eciiis 1 ''= foulilicrs 
 his head a wreath of green gralTe, in token of a delivery from fiege, and with notable ihou's and '"""r-'^"'"- 
 loud cries approved this gift. Another chapletorgarland.alfo^in token of like honour, did his *'"''^'^' 
 own band and company fetuponhim. And thus being adorned with the/cornaments of honour 
 hcfacrificedtbatchofen white oxc unto -.^/.irj; and beUowed his hundrtdoxin among thofc his AgirbrJcal- 
 fouldiers, who had accompanyed him in that exploit and fervice. To the fame fouldiers the le"i- '^"^ obfldoiulit 
 ons gave a pound meafure of wheat meal, and a ' fextarof wine, a piece. Alltheleparcicolirs 
 were performed and done with great chcerfulncfs,snd Icconded with lliouiing and acclamation of • Scxrarkis 
 
 ? the louldicrs, to fignifie their good liking andgcncrall aflent. .r.uch atxjur 
 
 A third battel was fought at Snejfitln : wherin by Af. Faleri-M,\Nis put to flight the hod of the ""■■ """"^ """- 
 Samnits. Whereupon, the whole manhood and flower of their youth that remained at home were '"'* "^^^^ ^ 
 fent for and affembled, deterrr;ining to fight it cut and trie their fortune once for all. Fearfnll '^''^"' 
 news he.-eot came from ^wf/T"^*! to ^'<af«4 : and from thence carriers and polls were cifpa:ched 
 to Valeritu the Conful, for aid. Forthwith he advanced the llandards,and leaving the ciriages be- 
 longing to the catrp, withaftrongguird,he marched forward in great halt/ and not far from the 
 et>eniie, took a little plot of ground to encamp in; as hiving belidcs their horfeE of fervice, no 
 bealtsatall tor cariage, nor a rabble of Haves and varletstbat foUowthecamp. Trie Samnits ('as 
 if without further delay they were to fit'ht) embaitcUed themfelves. But (ceing none to cncoun- 
 
 (3 ter them, they came with banner dilplaiedtothe very campof the enemies. And there fo (oon as 
 they beht-ld the (ouldiers upon the rampier, and underftood by them that were lent out of purpole 
 to view the circuit of the caT.p,in how (malcompaile they had fortified,guefling therby how few 
 their enemies were ; there ran a t^oife throughout the army, to make no more adoc but to fill 
 up the ditches, to cut through the banks, and (o prcfently to break intothecamp. And c- 
 veninthai ra'^nefle had the war been decided and difpatched, but that the capta'mes held ia 
 the violence of the louldiirs. But for as much as their own number fogreat^requtred good ftore ot 
 
 vi(:^»l»'
 
 ^^X6 Ihejeyentb 5c>o^o/T. Livius. 
 
 viauils and was faoshbv their lyirg oefore ^wf/TK/^.-'d al^ by their long flay there without H 
 
 fight brought to (carcity well-neer o( ill things.- it wa^ 'bought good,that whiles the enemies kept 
 
 within thcr hold as afF.ighfecJ, rhe loaldicrs lliould be lent a-out the country a toragmg. In wbicll 
 
 mean ti:. f 'Vif f-rr>nrcdth«t ihe Remans lik£wire,would have fpentall, who w ere thither come 
 
 li-hiiy appointed, and had biovghi -■-. more corn with them then they could carry on their fhoul- 
 
 deri befidescheir armour. The Conklhaving elpied the enemies ftraglingoverthe country, and 
 
 their gojrds fienderly manneo.sf'era briefexhortationtobisfonldiers, led them forth to give an 
 
 ail'ault upon their camp. Which when they bad won at the firft fhout and onfet, and killed more 
 
 ot the enemies with.n their tents, then either upon the gates or upon the rampicr ; he canlcd the 
 
 enfigncs that he had taken, to be brought together into one place : and leaving there two legions, i 
 
 for a guard and defence, wiih a Ihaigbt charge, that untill he came again, they ftiould forbear to 
 
 Anotabl- dc- rifle and mjke Ipoil, he went forward in order otbattell. And when the horfmen which he made 
 
 fcjtoftfas oat aloie, had like hunters driven the fcattred Samnits, asit werCj within net and toil, befell 
 
 Simnlt. upon them and committed an exceeding grest flsugbtcr. For frighted ss they were, they knew 
 
 neither at what fignsll they fhould rally themfdves togetber,nor whether they fhould make fpecd 
 
 tothe camp, or flie further away. Butlogrtit was their fright and flight both, that there were 
 
 brought to the Confal.4ooco (hiclds, more indeed then there were men fiam: befidcs 170 cht 
 
 flgns, together with thole that were won in the camp. Then returned he unto the enemies tentj, 
 
 and "bellowed the whole pillage there, upon the loaldiers. And l\jch was the happy fucceffeof 
 
 this war, that it both caded the Falifci being in truce, to lueunto the Senat.for aieaguc : and alio k 
 
 turned the Latins, who had prepared their forcci »lready from warring with theRomaPS,to wage 
 
 war upon the Peligni, Neither relied the fame of this fo fortunate t viftory withm the marches 
 
 of Italj I for even the Carthaginians alfo.fent their Embafladors to Rome, withgratulation, and t 
 
 prefent of a goldcncrown weighing* twenty five pounds, to be let upi:) Jupners Temple within 
 
 the Capitoll. Both Confu'.s triumphed over the '>amiiits : and Dtcw followed after, all 
 
 goodly to be (een, with bis gifts and worthy priifes •• whiles the fouldiers, as their manner waj, 
 
 with merry jcffs and rude ditties, magnified and renownedthenameof theColonellnolelsthan 
 
 thcConluIs. 
 
 After this the EmbafTadours of the Campains and tbr Soefliansbad aday of audience: and up- 
 on their bumble nqutft it was granted, that thither fliould be lent a flanding garrifonto winter L 
 there, for to flop the excnrfionsandinvafionsof tht .>-*mnits. But C<«/>«4,tvcn then no good place 
 A Mutiny f^^ military dilcipline, wrought an alteration in the foulSicrs there : who having oncegot a taffe, 
 and confpiracy ^^^ ^^^^^ ^ delight in a world of plealures of all lotts.qa ite forgot their own naturallcount ry. For 
 fouldierV «°" they of the garriion, began to lay plots an^l devile how to get Cap»4 from the Campains.- even by 
 Caput. the(»mc wicked prafti(e, by which themfelves h»d won it firft from the ancient pofTefTors 
 
 «' and inhabitants, fsying,'' It made no matter and they were but rightly fervcd, in cafe their own 
 •'prcccdentlewdtxampie,(hould return upon 'heir own heads. Again,why fhould the Campains, 
 " not able to defend themlelvcs,nor maintain thcirliberties and goods, be LL. of tb; mod plentiful 
 ■>' country of //<if;,3nd of a Ci y aniwerable and coricfpondent thtreunto^ratherthen the vi(3orious 
 army, which with their fjveat and blood had rcpeiled and expelled th? Samnits from them ? And w 
 •« was it any realon.tbat they who had veclded to be viffals unto them, fhould enjoy that fruitful! 
 «' and plealant ttaft, while they themelves wearied with fighting,(f ruggled (till and wrcltled in s 
 " peftilent air, and dry barren loil,about the City of Rome, and within that City, indured the (et- 
 «' lcd,inveteratand intcftin milchi.'f & plague of ufury.that furcharged them daily more and more .? 
 Whiles thei'e projededccnfpiiacies were contrived infecret conventicles,and af yetnot broach- . . 
 ed and divulged to all mens knowledge, the new Conlal^ C, Marti $u Ruti/tm csme inpltice f 
 whofe lot it was to be L. Deputy of the province Campania, Laving his fellow Q^ervUitu in the 
 City, who having intelligence by the Captains and Colonels, of all the particularities of thofede- 
 (icnes.- being a wile man, both for bis old age and long experience fas who was nowConfulthe 
 fourth time, and withal had been Cenlbr and Dirtstorjrhought it belt to diffcmbic the matter,»nd jq 
 to make void and fiullrat the prelent heat and outrage of the fouldiers by deferring and prolong- 
 ing their hope, as it tliey might pu; in execution thsir plots at their bcft leifure, whenfoever they 
 pleafed. He railethiheitfyre a rumour, that the jarrilons lliould in the fame towns winter a- 
 gainthe year f jllowing,[[l or divided they were into fundry Cities of C(ii»9p4»/<» .- & the web begun 
 at Cafua, was (pred from thence through all i he forces.] By means ofthisgoodrefpitto bethink 
 themielves and advifcot thi'L matters, the mutiny for the prefent was well quieted. The Con- 
 poltcvof^"/*' (uls then led forth the louliiicis into the fummer places of aoode and repofe, and pnrpofe while be 
 RuiUim the had the Samnits in quietnv:,s io cleanle the army by the cafheiring &difcb8rging thofe bufie bodies 
 Cunfol. and troublelbme fpirits : pretending colourably, and laying, Ttiat fome of them had ferved 
 
 already lb long as the law required othrs were well now Uept in years, or waxen feeble and their 
 Itrengtb decaied. ion:e had loeir paiports limited, and werelcrKhome : atihefitft oneby 
 cne finglcd out , afierwsrds, certain whole cohorts or bands, as having wintered far from their 
 dwelling places, from their goods and fubllance. Under a pretence and colour alio of military 
 let vices and imploiments, whiles lo me were difpatcbed one way, fome another, ig^reat part 
 of them were rid clean a ivay. All this multitude, the other Conful and the Pretor Kept ftill at 
 Rome ; devifmg this caufe, and that, of delates and aoiding behind. And virily at hrff, they 
 being not aware of this deluiion,wcre not unwilling to vifit borne. But after tbattbey perccived,tbat 
 
 netiuec
 
 Thefeventb Boo\ of T. Livius. 227 
 
 » neither they who were difmiffed firft^rcturvied agtio unto their colour* , nor any in i manner dif-. 
 charged clfe, but fuch as had lien in winter garrit'on at Capu» • and tho "e eipcciilly , who oi them 
 were the authors otthe con(piracy jfiiftthev marvelled, and afterwards feared in very deed, that 
 their complots were revealed toi come to light, and th«t now prelcnMy.thoy Pu-uld te pu' to ex- 
 aminations and torm-cSf abide airaignmen? and judgement, be executed lecfedy apai.- one by one, 
 and (uffer the infolent lordlineire. and crucll tyrannv of Conluls and Sen stours over the:.:. Theie 
 and fuch like tpeeches (ow thiyand wbitper *ecretly,thsj were in the ca.np, wberj they law the 
 principall authors of the mutiny, who were the (inews and itrengt h 'hereof, by tho wily policy ol 
 the Conlulto be dilmenbercdfroai them. One cohort or them, !>cmg nor far frcm -.'i»A/r(st Amti'!>y and 
 them down otL««/»/<<. in a narrow palkcr wood between the lt» and : he mcunfKins, to inter- '^^'''"o"of 'hs 
 ^ cepc andftay, whomlocver the Coniul lent ahoui this or th:t prcten,:ed DiifmePcasii abavefaid, j^r'so" um- 
 Soon were there gathered together a right Urorg power : and norhing wanred >omakeaihew i>a,iu. 
 of a full army, but only a head and Captain. And dilordercd as they we; e, they went ror bin g and 
 Jpoiling, as far as the Albancoumryj and under the bill of" loj^ .4/^ nhey encamp tbeiV.elves 
 within a tretjch ar?d rampicr. Which woikbeinghni(he.-i, they I'pcnd the re(t of the day in con- 
 iultation about chufing aCommander, little trulVing any tne there prelent in place. Arc wh'j 
 poflibly (fay they j could be lent for as faras t'roni Rcme ? What Senator or Con:m£?nef was 
 ibercjthat cither wittingly would venture upon lb great and dangerous an em erprie : or to whom 
 the caufc otan army, enraged upon an injury received, might fafely be committed ? The next 
 f^ morrow, whiles they realbned ftill about this point, and I'adly debated the matter, fomeof the 
 wandripg and V3g.rant forragcrs of the Country thereabout^bring certain intclligerxe, that Tums 
 <?«»■»««>* imploicd bimlelf in husbandry, and held a tarmi in T»fculanKm, minding neither the 
 City , nor dignities of ttate and Common weal. This man ws.s come of noble linage, and having 
 fervcd with great credit and honour in the A'ars by a wound recsi vcJ, was 1 sme of a legjand gave 
 over fouldiery, determining to lead the reftof his life in she country, (equeftred far from all cour- 
 ting and ambitious iuingfor civill ofrices, Thty had not lo (oon heard his name, but prefently they 
 took knowledge of the min.andfthit which might turn to their gocd}sgrced with one accord, he 
 ftiould be lent for. Small hope there was that he would wtlliogly do anything : they thaaght 
 therefore to uie force and to bring hia. to it by fear. So, in the dead time of the night, they 
 T) that werefentthereto.entrcd the farm houle, and finding 0«/«r/«, found andi fsft afleep, they T.^u:ntm 
 iwakened him : propounded unto hirn either rule and honour, or clfe pre ent death : and no futpriledb/ 
 mean between, mcale he made Itay and refuied to go with them .• and lo they hjlcd and brought 'hctebeUand 
 bim tothtircamp. Incontinently he was faluted L. General! at his ritft coming. And when the leader .gjinft 
 man was aflnghted at this fudden and wondctfuloccurrent, they endue nim with the ornaments his will, 
 andcntigns to that honor belonging, and will him to lead them as their commander to the City 
 of iJcwf. Thus having plucked up the ftandards, in this heady fit of their own, rather then upon 
 any advilc or counlell of their captain, they march in watlike maner with a n army toward Rome, 
 within eight nules of the City, upon thccsufey or ftreet way now called yippU r:;i -.ind had »p- 
 proacbed immediatly in that train to the very City, but that they heard there was a power com- 
 ing againft them, and a Didatour created to withtland them, to wit .11, r^/e;-fttf CervtKus, togc- 
 P thcr with UzA-mjltPts MamercHs General ot horfmen. So Sownas they werecomein entervjew 
 one of another, and took knowledge otthe armor a^d cnfigns : the rtmetr;brarce of their native 
 country wrought with them flraightwaies a mitigation of their mood, 1 hey were not yet lo fac 
 gone, nor fo hardy.as to fhed civill bloodmeither had they knowledge of any other wars but fbr- 
 rein ; and the utteimoll rage and maddeft fit that ever they proceeded unto, was counted their Sc- 
 ccflion and departure away from their own counttymcn.And therfore both captains and loaldiers 
 on either fide fought means to meet together, and draw to imparle. Qaimhu for his part, who ba- 
 vin"' had already his hannis full of war.- in defence of hiscountry,could worfc brook taking arms 
 agatnft the lame : Corvin-M like wile for himfelf, as one that with loving sffedlion embraced ail his 
 fellow-citizens,but thelouldiers eipcciallyjand above al others thole of his own artny that ft ught 
 t: under his banner, came forth to a pai Ic. And forthwith as foon as he was once known, he had no 
 Icffe reverence done of unto him of the advcrle parr, than lilence and audience given of bis 
 own men. The immortali gods ('quoth he) O louldiers as well thole which arc common to yoa 
 all,as mine own particular patrons, when I took my leave cf the City, I adored and worlhipped in 
 this wile, craving humbly upon my Unets at their hands, to vouchlafe n.c the honour, not 
 of a viSory over you. but of procuring concord and unity among you. O.cifions ihere 
 •'have been , and will be enow clle where, to win glory and warlike renown .• From TheOritioa 
 «* hence, peace onely is to be lought. And even that which among my vowes that I made oti^aUriuUDr"- 
 <»1 belbaght fo devoutly of the itr,m Ttall gods, it littb in you to make me enjoy. Doe „ f'V° '''^'^ 
 '•but call to minde that neither m Samninm^ nor among the Vollcians yee are encamp- 
 ««ed but upon Roman ground : that thole hils which yee behold, are the hils of 
 G *' your native loile .• this army which yee lee, are of your own Countrymen and fellow 
 "Citizens: ina my lelfe your Confull, under whole conduft and Auipice , yee have 
 »Mbe yeare paft twile defeated the 5amnite legions, t wile by mere force woon cheic 
 •* campc J and driven them out oi the field. I am, lirSv that M. P^nlerius Corvims^ whole 
 
 no"
 
 ^8 Tbeje'ventb Boo\ofT. Livius. 
 
 " nobleneffeyee have had ttisll of, not by any wrongs done, bat by good turncs on H 
 '* vour part received. Authour have I been of no proud law , nor cruell Aft of .ftnat 
 " ssainlt you .• a man in all my government and rule that I bare , more rigorous to my '( 
 "fcUe than levere to you. And if ever there were one, who might be proud cither of 
 *^ Noble race and gentryj or of his own vcrtue and valour, ofmajedy and high calling oc 
 " honourable dignities 5 of fuch progenitors am I defcended, luch ptoofe of prowelTe have I 
 '• given •• at that age attained I to Confular honour, and being three and twenty years old, 
 "I was able to have been feared and dread, not of Commons oncly, but alfo of the Sena- 
 u ,ots. But what deed or word hath palled from me in your knowledge, more grievous 
 *' and odious when I was once Conful.then all the time 1 was but a Colonel? the lair.e courfe held 1 
 «' I dill daring my twoCon!ul(hips cnfuing : and luch Oisll mycariage be, and none other, i 
 « whiles I am DiSator : that 1 will be no more mild and gratious to ehele here about 
 «« tne that are mine and my countties looldiers, then to your Telves affronting; who are, | 
 f'ltremble to fpeake it forth, mine enemies. Ye fhall therefore draw fword upon me, before 
 « Idtaw upon you. The trumpets from thence fhall begin found, the (houtmg from thence 
 «' (hall arife, the charge from thence (hall be given firft, if we muft needs go to it and 
 "fight Now, find in your hearts fit you can) to do that which neither your fathers nor . « 
 '« grandfathers before you ever could : no, nor they who went away and departed unto -1 
 ««themoanti'a«r, northofe who aittrwards held and kept the Aventtne. Expeft, uniiU | 
 "your mothers and wives, With their hair hanging about their ears, con.e forthof the City 
 '= to mtct with you one by one, as fometimcs they did to Ceriolanus. Then, the Vollcian K 
 , " legions were qaieted and pacified, bccaufe they had one Rorr an for their leader .• will 
 « not yee then, being a whole army, all of the Romanes, furceafe this unkind and im- 
 •' pious warre ? And thou T. QuimiMs, howfoever thoa art come there to Band, whe- 
 *'-ther with or againft thy will ; incale there be no remedy, but fight wee mulVccirethy felfe 
 "amongft thehindermotf.- nay, with more honefty flie thou (bait, and (hew thy naturall coun- 
 <' crimen a fair paireofhceles, then fight igainft thy country. But (land ftill hardly withbo- 
 " nour and credit aaiong the formoll to make attonement : thou (halt,be a truce- maker in this our .j 
 ' parley and conference, to all our goods. Ask and have, any reafonable and indifferentcon- I 
 T.^uint'mto djtions .- although in truth we were better to yeeld unto hard and unequall capitulations, 
 his (ouldicrs. „ jj^^j, vvickedly and ungodly, one to fight with another. T. Qfintim with tearesgu(h-L 
 ing out at his eics, turning to his owne companies : " And even me alio (^quoth he) 
 «« Ofouldiers ( if need there be at all of meej yee have a much better captsine for peace than 
 « warre. As for him who even now uttered thole wori-ls in your bearing, was neither 
 "Volfcian nor Samnit, but a Romane, even your owne ConfuU fometime, fouldiers,and 
 "your own Gencrall heretofore : whofe Aufpicate conduft, you having tried for you, 
 "and in your defence ; doe not prove now agjinft your fclwes to ycur perdition. Oihers 
 " had ihe Senate to (end as captaines, who would have fought more maliciocny with you; but 
 •'they have made choice of him who above all others, could beare with you, yea, andfor- 
 " bear you that have been his louldiers: whom you of all others efpecially might tru(f, as ha- 
 *• ing been your Generall. Peace, yee fee, even they de;irethat are to get the viftory. j^ 
 •' And whit is it then we ought andfhould defire ? Why then fcf we not anger and _ 
 *' hope afide, two falfe motives, two deceitfull guides and counfellers ; and betake ^ 
 " our felvcs and all wee have to a man of approved truft and fidelity ? Thelc words being 
 ''liked well of all (as appeared by a Generall (lioot^ T. Oeintius went forth before the 
 y 5, . ^. ^ enfignes in the forfrout, and pronounced Ihit thefouldiers (hould be at the Didtatour his 
 hisDiaKcrr devotion and pleafure : beleecbing him to confider and undertake the caufe of poor and 
 wretched citizen? : and having takenit into his hands, tomaintainc and proted the lame, ac- 
 cording to that faiihlulneire wherewith hee ufed to governe the Common wcale. Asfor 
 " himfelfe privately, he would not intend ought for his owne fecurity •' neither repoled 
 "he hope in any things c lie but innocency. Thefouldiers indeed were to be capitulate, as jsj 
 •once heretofore thu Commons, and a fecond time the legions had done with the 
 •' Scnittou-ri : uarncly , that this their revolt and pety rebellion might not be laid un- 
 '• to their ctiarge , and their hurts and utter undoing. Then the DicSatour , after hee 
 hadfir!t commended Qttimift', and willed theSreft to be content and of good cheer, rode 
 poll to the City , and Dy the advile of the Senatours , preferred a hill unto the people 
 in the grove Peielmut : That the muttny and i»fHrreEiiiM fhould turn no man to fear 
 Militsry nrej.. ^^^ ^,^^ jj^ belousht the Qiiir i t es iJiio of this niurh favoui befides, That nei- 
 
 Dinccs enact- , -^ . ^° , ,7 , , ; / 1 . t -x-. - • . 
 
 fjj^ ther In yji nor CArncJt ■, tbts [hould be laid in no mans dijh. The lame time there Was 
 
 propof;d befides, a (acred military law under pain of death, That no fonld'ers name 
 
 0) ce tnt^ed snto the mtillerm fier hit booke , /J:en/d i>e rafed out egntnfl his tfM : With Q 
 
 this branch ai ntxsd over and befides, That y.o mun rtho had hftn aforetime a co* 
 
 lonellorTribumy jhoitld after have the leading of b^ndi, and be a Corpurali. This was fol- 
 
 l6wed hard and urge! by thole of the con(piracy, in regard of one P. Salomtu^ whoinmsncr 
 
 •Tlienex* ^''^'^ other y.ar bad been either a Colonel, or a chief * Centurion, whom now they call /"r,- 
 
 dtgiec to 3 mfdi. Hira the fouldiers fpighttd much, and wtre maliciouny fet againft, beca.ulc h; bad alwaies 
 
 Cc--jnc5. opfofed
 
 The eighth Boo\ofT ,\jiv'ms. 
 
 A pofed himlelfagainft their confpiracies and innovations, and tooknoc pare with them who fled 
 from LantuU. But when this one point could not be obtained of theSenat, tor thefavour they 
 bare to Salonms ■ then ^^/.^s.-w^himleif belooght theSenitors that they would not regard his ho- 
 nout^more than the concord of the whole City:and I'o at length it alio was granted and enadled. 
 As unreafonable a demand was this alfo, That of horfemens yay^ (and that was triple at that time) 
 fame Ajfes jhou/d be deduEied-, for that they alfo had withfiood the coufptr^wy. Over and bei-.des,I find 
 iolbme writers>that L. GenHtufs^ a Tribune oi' the Commons, publii"hed this Law unto the peo- 
 ple, That Ufury nsight he m^.de altogether itnlait>fnll. Likewile in other Ails of the Commons it 
 was provided. That no mtin within ten ye^rs lpace[hoMld be cap^ihU of the fime Office twta : nor in 
 
 ^oMe year hear two Offices : and th«t bothCorfuts mi^ht be of the Com men;. Which it they all were 
 granted to the Commons,it appeareth that this infuiredion carried tome I'vvay and force with it. 
 In other Chronicles it is recorded, that neither Fl-/fr;«; was chofen Dictator, but that all this bu- 
 fine.s was by theConfuls managed : nor lo great a multitude of Conlpirators role, before they 
 came to Ro/^e^ but even in Rome took arms : nor yet that they came by night, in tor. ible manner 
 into T,Quiy!tiMs tarm-houfe, but in the dwelling houie of C. Aimlius: and that ^c vvastaken up 
 by the rebels to he their Generaljand from thencewent asfar asfour miie5 endjand there encam- 
 ped in a fortified place: that the motion of Concord arofenot from the Capcains, but that of a 
 rudden,when both Armies (tood aranged in orderotbattel,theyfell to greeting one another : and 
 that the fouidiers began totake one another by the hands and embrace with tears : and that the 
 
 Q Confuls ijeeing the fouidiers i"o backwark from fight,were fon-ed to move ihe Senat for an attone- 
 ment. So as among ancient writers, there is no certainty letdown but that a [edition there was, 
 ^nd the fame appealed. But the rumor thereof and the cruel war which the Samnits begun, with- 
 drew certain nations from the Romans ibciety and alliance. For befides the f aithlels and untrulf y 
 League (a long time^ of the Latines : the Privernats alio with fudden rodes , invaded and wafted 
 NorbA^VlA Setia^ two Colonies of the Romans near bordering and adjoyning. 
 
 The Eighth Book 
 t) 
 
 Of the Hiftoms c/T. Livius of Padua, from the FomJiition 
 
 of the City of Rome, 
 
 The Breviary of L. Florns upon the Eighth Book. 
 
 THe LMineSytogether with the C'iftiMs revolted- andtle Latines havi>^(l_ fott their E^tl^ffudorsto 
 the Senat (of Rome) offered a,nd prefntedp.'ace-, npon this condition only-, th-tt thcj vaould create 
 p one of their Corals out of them. This Embaffis thus declared-, Annius thitr Preto,\n'ho had mdience 
 in the CipitoU,tn Toing dotvn from thence-,too'^\nch a fill., that he died in the place. T. Manhus caifed 
 hit nvnfoi to lofe his head, becaufe-, contrary to his exprefs commandiment, he h-tdf-ja^.-hr .ig nnfl the 
 Lattnes.notffit hftanding his goodf^ccefsin that comlate.At what time oi the Romvn rvere greatly di- 
 ftrefed, and like ts lofe the field, P.Decius thenCof. with Manlius devot?d .-.nd offered hmiflfto fre^ 
 fent death-, for tof.xve the Army : and fitting Ipursto his horfe-, rode iy:tothe midfl of the eiemns baf 
 tell: where he was (lain and by his death recoveredviEiorytothe Roman;. The Latines yielded andren- 
 dredthemf elves. When T.Manlius returned i'ato the City, there was not on: cfaHthsyoi-ith ca:ne forth 
 to meet htm.,ayiddo him /ioa'o;< -.Minutiajrf profelfedVeJlaHlCirgin., was condcmnedfor herinceji-^or in- 
 eontinent lif\ The A(tfo:iians being fubdueds aColonywas planted m Ciles, and a>wther lik^wif- in 
 jc ^rt°t\\X.Ma>ty Rorr/a,: dames were deteEled of praclifing poyjon : and mofl of i hem were f reed to drinl^ 
 of their own cmpoyfoKg ' cHpi fir jf, whereof they ded prejcntl/. iyh:rcttpon was the firfl Luw then ordai- 
 ftedagaiufi poyfoniiip .The Pr-vernates,when they rebelled were vanafpeffhed a-id aft^rwad.! endoedwith 
 the B'srgejfie if the^City of Rome, ihe PaUpolnans were defeated in hattellfirji-.,avd fier fuge-fnrren- 
 dred uponCc. ipttfition, Quintius Publilius who blocked them within their wols., was thep'jt men thxt. 
 had his C-intmtffion renned.,and comi'Uedfltll in lovernment^ when the ordinary time was expired: a»d 
 by means ofthe (. rfuls h d atriumph granted ftr.to htm. The common people were dd-vertdfo.'n thi 
 danger of their crcd'tors^by o. cafiin of r he filthy l-tflof one of them., Lu.Papirius wlowould h.wfar-. 
 c,ed]and againfi- nci ire a', wfcd C.Publius, a debtor ofh;^. IVl^-i L. Papirius the DiElator vros ret:- rned 
 from his Army intn the City, for to take the Aufptces anew, by reafon of jome erroitr ftippofd in the for' 
 G mn 5 Q.Fahius the CeneraHofthe horfemen.,havin^ in hts abfofce elpiedthe ■pp.irtunity and .idv.^.Ktafe 
 of pirfo, nin'^ aworti'j -'xploit.gave battell contrary to bis Edin:-,andpnt the Samnitesto the worje.Jof 
 ■w' ch cA'^e^vhtn the D hator wnftldfeem to punifh him according ly.^i\n\i% mad; an efcape andfledto- 
 Rome. And when his caMJeVfouldnot bear him outj^e hadhis pardon-at the earnejifute flndprajiers of 
 the people. "this bookjontaineth alfo t hi fortunate exploits again fi the Samnites. 
 
 X NovV
 
 530 1 he eighth Boo^ of T. Livius. 
 
 The Eighth Bool^of T. Livius. 
 
 Ni 
 
 'OwwasC. /'//».<;»/« Conful the fecond time, with L. Rmjlitu Mamerctu-, when as the 
 Setines and Norbans brought tidings to Rome of the Privernats revolt, with complaints 
 of harms fuftained at their hands. News came iikewife .that an Army of Volfcians,un- 
 der the conduit oftheAntiats, were encamped at 5<jf);a/w. Both thefe wars fell by lot 
 to Plait: ins. Who taking his journey firlt lo Pmermmh forthwith bad them battel: and with 
 no great confll6> gave bis enemies the overthrow. The Town was won and rellored again to I 
 the Privernats, with a firong garrilon therein placed, but two parts of their Lands were taken 
 from them. The Army thus having obtained vi61ory, was eonduvi^ed thence to Satncunt againft 
 'the Antiats. Where was a cruel battel fought with much bloudOied on both fides : and when as 
 the tempeftuous and ftormy weather parted them afunder, before that either fide enclined to vi- 
 nery. the Roit^ans no whit wearied with that conHitffo doubtful, addreffedthemlelves to fight 
 a^ainll the morrow. But the Volfcians having taken a view and account what men they had loft 
 infioht. werenotof like mind to adventure the hazard again : andtheretore as vanqui(hed men 
 they diflodged by night in diforder, and fearfully took their way to ^»f;«»«, leaving behind 
 them their wounded, and part of their baggage. Greatftore of armour was there found, both 
 upon and among the flain bodies of the enemies, and alio within the Camp: Which the Con- K 
 The goddcfs ful promifed to dedicate to dame Lua, znd (o he forraged and fpoiled the confines of the enemies, 
 i*". . even as far as the fea coaft. But againft the other Conful Rmylius^ who was entred into theSa- 
 
 bellian land, neither were the Samnits encamped, nor their Legions oppofed any w here. Whiles 
 therefore with fire and fvvord he wafted their Countrey, the Samnits Embaffadours came un- 
 to him, craving peace : but being by him pofted off to the Senate, aftcrthey had audience given, 
 they let fall their flout ftomat.ks, and requelied peace tor themfelves with the Romans, and 
 liberty to make war againft the Sidiiins : which petition they enforced with more reafon and 
 equity. " Firft,in that they had entred into amity with the people of Rome-, during their profpe- 
 "■rity, and not as the Campains in their adverhty; again, they weretotake arms againft the Si- 
 "dicines, enemies alwaics to themfelves, and ne\ ei ireinds to the people of iJowe": whoalfo, L 
 '•neither in peace ( as the Samnits ) tued forfriendfliipindahiance, norintimeof war fasthc 
 " Campains ) fought for aid and fuccour : and finally, were neither under the proteftion of the 
 <' people of RomcpoTyti their vaffals and fubjeds. When as T. JEmyhits the Pritor had conful- 
 ted with the Senate,about I hefe points demanded by the Samnits,and that the LL.thought good 
 that the league witli them fhould be renewed ; the Prsctor in the name of the reft,madc anfwer 
 to the Samnits '' That neither the fault was in the people of Romexhn the confederacy^betwecn 
 *' them was not perpetual ; neither gainfaied they,but lorai'mu^h as they were weary themfelves 
 '' firft, and repented ot the war commenced through their own default, the league might yet be 
 *< newly made again. Touchingthe Sidicins, they wculd be no hinderance, but that the Samnite 
 "people, might u!e their liberty and do what they thought beft, eiiherfor warorpeace. The M 
 League being thus con.iudcd and confirmed and they returned home. prefently the Roman Army 
 was brought from thence upon receit of a years pay, and corn for three months, according to the 
 capitulation covenanted with the Goniul,in ccnlideration of a truce granted, uniill their Embaf- 
 fadors were returned. 
 
 The Samnits, with the fame forces which they had employed to withftand the Roman war, 
 went forth againft the Sidicins with undoubted hope fpeedily to win the City of their enemies. 
 Then, had theSidicines before made an offer to yield themfelves r.nto the Romans, but feeing 
 the Nobles to rejeit them as comingtoo late, and wrefted as it were perforce from them in their 
 laft extremity- they tendred the fame to the LatineS; who were already ol their own accord rifen 
 up and had taken arms. The Campains Iikewife (fo ready and forward were they to bear in mind N 
 an injury ot theSamnits, rather man a good rum of the Romans ) forbare not to joyn in this 
 quarrel. Thus was thereraifcrd amightypowerof fo many Nations banded together, under the 
 conduil;oftheLatine> and invaded the borders ot theSamnirs, where more hurt was received 
 by rodesthjn skirmifhes. And albeit the Latines in fight had the better hand, yet were they well 
 content for a voiding fo many confliits, to depart out ofthe enemies country. Whi^h gave the 
 S. mnits lei'ure to fend Embiffadors to Rome^ who b:;fore the Senar complaining, that they endu- 
 red the fame meauireftill, being now aftociats, which they had rbidden before when they were 
 enemies : belought moft humbly, " thattheRomans would be fatisfied with that victory of the 
 *' Campains and Sidicin-, their enemies, which they had got out of the S^mnirs hands, and not 
 *-fuffer them to be trodden under foot by thole Nations, the moftd;ift.ird< and cowards of alio 
 *' others: requefting moreover, if fo be the Latines and Campains were under the dominion of 
 "the people of /Jowfthat they would command themby verrue o^their anihoriry taforbearthe 
 ' Samnitscountry :andifthey refufedtoobey tfiento chaftifeand keep them in by force of war. 
 To thefe demands they framed a doubtful anfwer, as being loath and abafhed c*^ the one fide to 
 confels, that the Latines were not at their devotion, and fearing again on the other hdeby repro- 
 ving and provoking them to twrn away their hearts, and lofethem for ever. And this wasthe an- 
 fwer.'* As touching the Cirtrpains, theircafe was otherwiie, who were not by covenants and con- 
 ditions 
 
 \
 
 The eighth Boo}\ofT ,lS\vi\is. 
 
 191 
 
 A "dicions in forme of League,bui by voluntary and fimp.'e fubmiirion under their prote£tic>n;and 
 "therefore theyfliould be quiet whether thty would or no: but as for theLatinss,by anycapi- 
 "tulationcomprifed in their accord, they weienot prohibircd to levy war with whom they lift. 
 Which anfwerjas it fent the Simnits away, in doubt what to think what the Romans would do; 
 foit eftranged and alienated the Campains for fear: and made the La tines moic (lout, as fiippohnc 
 the Romans now wouldgive them the head-Si yield any thing unto them. And therefore under a 
 colour of preparing war againlt the Samnits they fummoned and held map.y Councils one after an- 
 other: and in all their meetings and confuitations, their Princes and eliief meni'ecretly amongft 
 themfelves did nothing but plot and pradHce war with theRomans.In which conlpiraiy alfo the 
 
 g Campains had their hand as deep as the reft, even to bear armsagainlt chofe whohad been their 
 Protestors. But although they did what they could to keep all cloie ot purpole.and were defirous 
 before the Romans fliould ftir.to be fecured from the Samnits (an enemy prelTing hard upon their 
 backs) yet nevertbelels this complot wasdilcovered, and intelligence thereofgi^en at Rome-^ by 
 means ot certain perfons linked to the Romans inprivat acquaintance and mutuail hofpicality. 
 Hereupon were the Confuls commanded to refign their Magiflracy before the ordinary time,that 
 fomuch the fooner there might be new created againftfo great a danger and preparation of war. 
 But here role a fcruple of confcien;ej that the alVembly tor Hleclion Hioiildbe holdcnby them, 
 vvhofe government was thus fhortned and abridged. Whereupon they proceeded to an Inter- 
 reign. And two Interregent§ there were one after another, /I/. i^^Ar/;*^ and M.Fa/p/us: whocrea- 
 
 Q ted Confuls, T, Amanitas Torcjua'.Hs the third time,and P .Deems Mas. 
 
 In that year, it is recorded for certain, that AUxander King of£^/V«j, arrived m Italy with a 
 Navy .• who,no doubt if he had fped well at his firft entranccAvould have proceeded farther and 
 warred upon the Romans, In this age fiouridied ,-ilexMderxhQ. Great in glorious conquefts,who /Hfxmdcnlie 
 being this man his filkrsfon, and a warrior invincible, whiles he atchieved feats ofarmsinano- Grc«t. 
 therparcofthe world.hapned todieinhisbeft timeand prime of liis youth. But to proceed for- 
 ward.The Romans although there was no doubt but that their alTociats, and namely .the Latincs 
 were revolted : yet,as though they were carefully bufied about the Samnits only, and nothing in- 
 tended them ; they fent for to ^ffwf ten of their chief Peers, pretcndingtogive them in charge 
 what their pleafure was to have done. At that time the Latines had two Prxtors or Provofts,L. 
 
 T\ An>ii:is of * Setia.ind L.NnmUiHs oiCirccuihoxh Roman Colonics. By whofe meansjbefides Stg- * Si^t> 
 nia, and Velitre, being alio Colonies oiRome-, the Volfcians were foUicited likewifeto take arms. 
 And thought good it was,that thofe Latine Prxtors by name, fhould be cited with the reft. No 
 man was ignorant for what intent they were fent for.The Prxtors therefore, called a Council be- 
 fore they went, and there declared how they Were convented by the Senat of i?o?wf , demanding 
 theiradvice what anfwer to make as touchingthofe matters, wherewith, as they fuppofedithey 
 fhould becharged.When fome were of this opinion, Ibme of that ; then Anmus fpake and faid: 1 hefpeech of 
 " Although I my fclf have moved you to refolve upon an anfwer,yet I think, it concerneth us more '^»»"'» '" 'be 
 <' in our main eftate,to determine what to do,than what to fay. And when we are grown to a re- t^'junc^uU-a- 
 " folution once of our affairs,and what courfe to take,an eafie matter will it be to frame words fie 
 
 E'" for the purpofe.Forifeven now already under aftiadow and pretence of an iaditferent league, 
 *' we can abide and find in our hearts to endure bondage, what ftandeth in the way, but that ha- 
 '^' ving abandoned and betraied the Sidicir.es-.webe obedient not only to the Romans command- 
 * ment, but alfo to the Samnits ? and anfwer the Romans in thefe plain terms, That at their beck 
 "only, and if they dobucnod their hcad^we will prefently lay down all arms? Butif atlength,the 
 " defire and longing after liberty do touch our hearts, and give an edge unto our fpirits : if there 
 *' be a league between us : and if confederacy ought to be nothing elfe but a fociety and equal frui- 
 <• tion of liberty and piiviledges : if, I fay,we may now glory and vaunt, whereof fometimes we 
 *' were adiamed that we are ot kinto thcRoman;,and oftheirbloud : if they have an Ari^y ofaf- 
 " fociats,by the addition whereof they redouble their forces and which the Confuls m leaving oc 
 
 F''-Ievyingiheir proper wars, will not part and lever from their own: why is there not equality in 
 " all things elfe ? Why is not one of the Confuls aLatine?Look where is part of power andfot- 
 *" cestherealfo is part of rule and command. And certainly even this in it lelfis not a matter of lb 
 *■ great honour unto us as who have granted and conlefled Romc\.o be the head oiLatmm: yetby 
 "long patience and continual futferance only, we have brought to pais that it might feem honou- 
 " rable. Butifever yewiflicd to fee the day wherein ye might participate in government and rc- 
 " cover your liberties again,lo,that time is now come prefented unto you by your own valour, and 
 '' the gracious goodnefs of the immortal gods.Tried their patience ye have indenying fouldicrs: 
 " whodoubrednot butthat they were in a great choler and angry at the heart, when we brake a 
 '^cuftomeof two hundredyearsprefrripcion and above: yet neverthelefs thisgrief have they put 
 
 G "up. and given us not one foul word.Wc warred upon the Pelignians in our own name and quar- 
 "relrandthey, whoaforetimesallowednot us the liberty fomudi as to defend our own mar- 
 " ches of our felves,nothing gainlaid and croffed it.lhat the Sidicins were taken to our mercy and 
 <'proteiYion,th?ttheCamp3ins revoLedfrom them and hded with us, that we levied an army a- 
 " gain'l the Samnits theirconfederits,they heard and Icnevv wellennugh^and yet they ftirred not 
 *' once forth of their City.How come they to be fo calm and quiet,buc upon a privity and know- 
 *' Ied?ie. both ofourpuiffance and of their own weaknefs ? I am able to avouch by ':hc report of 
 "men of good credit, that when theiamnits complained themfelves of us, they had fuch an an- 
 
 X a " Twer 
 
 num.
 
 n 
 
 7 be eighth BooJ\_ of T. Livius, 
 
 ThcOr»tion 
 of Anmtti \n 
 theSsnitof 
 Rome. 
 
 The Oration 
 o T.JHuatiui. 
 
 "I'wet again of the Scmtof Rome, that it plainly appeared that they themfelves pretended not to H 
 '^ require th: t Latitini fhould be under the Roman hmpire. Do ye but take upon you, and lay 
 "■ *;laim unto th.u which they fc rctiy yield unto you themfelvesand repoflefs it at your pleafure. 
 *' Now ifany manbeaffriidto bethelpeakerjLojhere am I, whoprofefs to be theman;andto 
 *' fay thus much not only in the .■ud'ence of the people and Senat oiRomc^ax. alfo o{Jufiter\\\m- 
 "re!r,whoisrchant in the Capitoi naiiely^That ifthey will have us to be ohhe League and con- 
 " feder3cy,thcy fliall admit from amongus one cf the Confuls,yea,3nd a part ofthe Senat. As he 
 with greit fpirit and bo dnefs.notonlyadvifcd this, butpromifedaliothustodo; all that were 
 prefentwiih a general applaufe and alVcnr permitted him to do and fay whatl'oeverhe thoughc 
 expedient for the common good ofthe Latinc nation, according to that rroft which they re- 1 
 pofedin him.Sofoon as he was come to Ro»,e{yv\i\\ other Embafladors)he was admitted into the 
 Senat,3nd audience given him in the C;ipitol. Where when T.Ma.nliKi theConful.by the autho- 
 rity and direilion ot the Senators, bad dea t with him and the reft, not to make war upon the 
 Samnits their confederals : ^ ;;«/«: raging like a cor.ancror, asif he had won by force and arms 
 the Capitoi ; and not as an Embaffador, who was to deliver his mind andmeffagefafely, by the 
 proteftion ofthe Law of Nations, began in this fori : *' The time required (quoth he ) now at 
 "length, or. J^,!^/'«/ and ye Senators of Rorne, not to treat and deal with us in any affairs by 
 "way of authority and commandment, nsmeiy when you fawL>jf/«»« by the favour ofthe gods 
 *' to flourifh exceedingly both in men and munitionjas having fubdued the Samnits, confederate 
 " with theSidicinsand Campain<;,andnow alio combined with theVolfcians :and befidesjeven K 
 "your own Colonics and townfhips too, have madechoice tofubmitthemfelves to theLatines 
 " rather than the Romans.But'crafmuLh a'^youcarinotfindin your hearts ofyourfelves^nor fee 
 " how to make an end of yoor proud and outragious Lordfhip and tyranny ; We^ albeit we are a- 
 '■'• bleto rclfore Lat-nw unto her anaeni freedom by force of arms,yet for kindred fake wil becon- 
 "tent to offer indifferent articles and equal conditions of peace, forafmuch as it hath pleafed 
 '' theimmortal godS;that we are equal unto you in power and puiffance./wpWwwjihere is no re- 
 " medy nowibut your two Confulsjmuit be one a Roman, and the other a Latine : Jtem^ that the 
 " number of Senators be eleifed as well out ofthe onenation as the other.// ^Wjihac we become 
 <- one people incorporate, and one Common- wealth. Andtotheend that there may be one im- 
 " perial feat,and one name of all,?.nd therefore we or you muft needs yield,we are content a Gods L 
 "name(andtothegoodofboth nations may it prove)that this City and State of yours becoun- 
 •'•ted the better andmore noble: and let us be called all by the nameofRomans. By good hip it 
 fo fell out,that the Romans alfo had for their Conful T.ManLus to match him j one as flout and 
 hot as the other : who could not contain his anger no longer ,but openly faid, "That if the Sena- 
 " tors were fo far overfeen and befides themfelves, as to take conditions of a Setine, hewoulcf 
 " come with his fword by his fide into the Senate houfe, and what Latine foever he faw there in 
 <f coun:il,he would not fail but flay him with his own hand in the place. And therewith turning 
 " to the Image of Jufiter: Hearken('quoth he)0 pood god J/.-p/ffr. Hear this wickednefs and inj 
 *' dignity: hear O Jurtice:and piety to God ward. Wilt thou abide to fee,© jHpiter-,w this thy ho- 
 •■' !y and facred temple, wilt thou endure, as taken captive and trodcn under foot to fee Confuls of M 
 " aliens & aSenac offorreiners? Are thefe the covenants,© ye Latines,which Ttil/usK\r° oiRome 
 " made with the Albans your forefathers? or which L.Tarquiwusakc: him,concluded with you? 
 "Remember ye not the battel at the lake Regillns} Have ye fo forgotten indeed, both your 
 " owncalamitiei^and overthrows of old, and alfo the good turns and benefits received at our 
 '' handsPWhen this fpeech oftheConful was feconded with the indignation alfo of the Senators, 
 it is recorded chat when they called upon the gods,witneffes ofthofecovenants,and reiterated 
 their names oftentimes- /4k?;;«/ in mockery of thofeproteftations, was over-heard to defpife and 
 fcorn the power and godhead ofthe Roman Jufiter.^Mt this is certain^that as he in heat of anger 
 Hepped half ily to the entry or porch ofthe temple,and went apace.he fell down the ftairs,and fo 
 hurt his head thatdafhed againftthebottom(fair,that he fwooned withall,andlay fordsad.But N 
 becaufe all writers agree not, that he yielded uphislaft breath thereupoujlalfo wil leave itdoubt- 
 lul.as I find it : as alfo this,thatin the very charging of him with breach of covenants. there pou- 
 red down a tempeftuous (f orm,with many mighty thunderclaps.For,as thefe and fuch like things; 
 maybe very truefo they may be prettily deviled and invented on fet purpofe to reprefect & fhew 
 the wrath and vengeance ofGod.T'cr^.'/^rwj- being fent by the Senat to give the Embaffadors their 
 difpatdi .feeing ^j«»/«,f there to lie along, cried out aloud,inthe hearing both ofthe Senat and the 
 people,and faid , " No force, it is well, and as it fliould be ; thus begin and blefs, O ye immortal 
 *• gods. our juft and rightful vvar.Surely there is a God above,there is a power divine and deity 
 '• in heaven,thou art no feigned and imaginary god O mighty Jupiter &not in vain have wehal- 
 ^'lowedthee in this pl3ce;as the father both of gods and men. Why ftay yet hen,0 Roman Qui- o 
 " rites ye likewife my LLof the Senat,to take arms in the name ofthe gods^having them already 
 '•as ycu'ce tobeyo'ir Leaders?! for my part fliaJfoonfo overthrow and lay the Legions ofthe 
 "Latinesalont; on the earth as ve now fee their Fmbaflador, lying here at the fiairs foot. The 
 words of theConful, received with fo great applaufe of thepeople, animated and enkindled them 
 in fuch fort, that had rot the careful diligenrc ofthe Magiffrates been more ^ who by command- 
 ment oftheConful accompanied the Embaffadors as they went ^ than the ordinary fafecondufl 
 of the Law of Nations they h.d not efcaped the rage and fury ofthe multitude. 
 
 The 
 
 1 
 
 I
 
 The eighth Boc\c'fT .Uw'ms. 223 
 
 A The Scnat alio gave their affent to this v/ar, ard the Confu'is having levied two armies, and" 
 parted through the country of the Marilansand Peligriians, andjoyned nnto them the Ssmnits 
 power.encamped themfclves before C?p-, whither the Latines with their aflbciats, were alrea- 
 dy come together. Theresas the report goeth, the Conliilsboth of them in their fieep had a viil- 
 on: and there appeared unco them, one .ind the fame lliape of a mans peifonage much '^rsaterand 
 more (lately than the ordinary port of men, who ilionld deliiertiiele words unco them, '■ That 
 " of the two armies embatteiled and atfroniing one nnothcr, thecne was appointed asadii-? tri- 
 '•buteto the infernal l'pirits,and to Mother Earth rand of the other the chief Generalcnly.And 
 " look of whether army the faid foveraign General ihould devote and ofler unto thofe infernal 
 j^ '' fpirits,and to mother Earth, the Legions of theeneaiies, and his own pcrfon withall, that pare 
 '•and that Nation lliall have the \i>£lory. When the Confuls had imparted one to the othei'thefe 
 night-vihons, it was thought good and agreed f for to divert and appeafe Gods an?,er ) that cer- 
 tain facrifices fliould be flain, and alfo if the fame fliewed in their inwards, as appeared in their 
 llecp, then one or other of the Conluls lliould i'ulfi] the delHnies, and accompHfli fatal appoint- 
 ment. When as the anfwers of the Soothfaiers agreed alfo to that i'ec ret religion which was now 
 entred and fetled alreadyin their minds, then the Confnls calling together the Lieutenants and 
 Colonels to a Councii,and openly declaring before them allthe p'.eafure of the gods, (to the end, 
 that the wilful and voluntary death of one of the Confuls-.might not fright his army in the field j 
 they agree between themfelvesjthat of whe[her hde the Roman battalions began fiffi to ',?ive back 
 
 Q andretreat.theConfulof that Army, Oiouid devote and beiakehimfelf to die for the people of 
 Rome and theQviirites. It was debated alfo in that aflembly.thac if ever at any time before there 
 hadbeen war managed by fevere rule and government, the military difcipline lliould now bere- 
 vived and reduced to the old manner andantient rigour: their care in that behalf was the greater 
 and moreredoubled, for that they were to fight againll the Latines,futi'ng altogether to thtm in 
 language,fafliions,armour,and efpecially aboveall,uuhe orders and laws ofwartare. For. m-iny a 
 time,in thefetwo armies fouldier with fouldier, Centurioi] with Centurion.Colonel with Co;o- 
 nel,had forted and converfed together, as collegues and compeers in the flime garrifons , yea, and 
 under thefame colours and enfigns. By reafon whereof, to the end, tl;at by no errour the fon'di- 
 ers fliould be milbken or deceived,thc Confuis made proclamation through the Camp, Thnt no 
 
 jx man fhould fight with his enemy out of his own tank, and place appointed unto him. It for:n- 
 ned now, that among other Captains and Cornets of horremen,vvhi'.h were fent out every way 
 as fcouts and efpials to difcover the coalls, T^Munlius the Conful his Ton, together w iih the reft 
 of his Cornet and Troup, was pafled above the enemies Camp,fo near, as he was within an ar- 
 row flioc of their next Corp ^.-^//.'Jri^. Inwhichwas quartered the cavalry o'i. Tu^culum-, under 
 the leading oiGemiriius Adcttus a Knight,both for birth, and alio for his noble feats of arms highly 
 efieemed in his country. He efpying the Roman horfe^and knowing the Cofl'.fon, ad vaning be- 
 fore them,and ofefpecialimark above the reft^for all Noblemen and of quality were well enough 
 known one to another.) What,wi;iye Romans (quoth he) with one Cornet of horle fight with 
 the Latines and their confederats ? What fhall your Confuls.what fliall two Confular armies do 
 
 J the mean while? Marry (quoth yl/<?>.'///«) they will be here time enough for you, and with them 
 Jup/rer hirnfelf, a witnefs of league and covenants by you broken. Jopiter I fay. who only can do 
 more than ailment forces in the v/orld. And we who at the pool /v;?;7/«;,have given you fighting 
 your bellies full, will here alfo quit our felvesfo, that never after ye fhallhave any great joy and 
 pleafure to encounter and joyn battel with us again. With that, Gt ?,•-;/«•«/, riding forth as he was 
 onhorfeback, alitcle from his com.pany, Wilt thou then (quoth he )tilithatday come wherein 
 ye mean with fogreat a doto let forward your armies to a general let field, break a Haft" with 
 me in the mean time ; that by theproof and event of ustwain, it may henceforth appe-'.r, how 
 far the Latine men of arms, furpafs the Roman? The young man his blcud and courage was 
 foon up either upon anger and choler, or fot very finame to refufe the combat, orbecanfeGod 
 
 p wouldfohave it, and it was hisdefiiny that couldnot be avoided. Forgetting therefore his fa- 
 thers commandment, and the exprefs Ediil of the Confuis, he returneth on head and rafhly, to a 
 iingle fight: wherein it skilled not much, whether he had the better or the wcrfe, fnranygreac 
 odds thereby in the main trial of the quarrel. Thus when the reft of the horfemen of both parts 
 were retired afide ('as it were) to behold fome ipeclacle or running at tit: inche void place ot 
 the plain field that lay between, they ran their horfes in full carreer one againfl the other, with 
 iliarp and deadly fpear in refl:. Miv/.Lhs with his lance alottg id over and raifedrhe Morion of 
 his cnemy,and Metins with his fpear lightly touLhed,and pafi-d by the horle neck. Thirn having 
 turned about their horfes, ^,r«//«jcamc upon him firll with a fccond charge, and ib redoubled 
 thepufn-thathethrud the others horfe in between theears. At thcfsnartof which wound the 
 
 G horle reared and mounted with his forefeet, and with great force fhaking his head cart his rider. 
 And as he bare his fpear and flne!d,to raife himfelf from his grievous \i\.,Mard:H': ran him through 
 at the throat,fo that the fpear4iead came forth at his ilbs.and nailed himfafl to theground. And 
 having difarmedSc delpoiled him rode back to his own troop -.and both together with exceeding 
 joy hafined to theCamp,andfo to the Generals Pavilion, even to his father ; tu.l little knowing 
 hisfatalldeltiny, and what was tobefall unto him, whecherhe haddefervedpraife, or incurred 
 danger of puniiligient. That all the world,quoth he,(0 father Jmay be pcrfv^aded and report tru- 
 ly that I am defcended indeed of your bloudjaad your undoubted fon Lo here lam^who being 
 
 X 3 ' defied
 
 234 *^ ^^ eighth Boo\ of T. Livius, 
 
 defied and challenged to fight man to man, have killed mine enemy a man of arms : fee heie theH 
 fpoils of him flain and dead. Which fo foon as the Cof. heard, prefently he could not abide to 
 look on his fon,but turned away,and by found of trumpetjCommanded the hod to a publike audi- 
 ence.Which being aflembkd in great number." Forafmuch(quoth he)asthou,T.yl/4«//»f,with- 
 •• out regard of Coff.authoricy,or dread of thy fathers ma jefty and power over thee,againft our E- 
 ''diaand exprefs commandment, hart fought with the enemy, and that without thy rank and 
 " place; and as much as lay in thee^hart broken the difcipline of war,whcreby to this day the State 
 " of Rome hath Rood maintainedjand haft brought me thy father to this hard point, that I muft 
 *^ forget either the Common-weal, or elfe mine ovvnfelfand mine,we will abide rather the pu- 
 *' niTliment and Imarc for our own mifdeedsjihan the whole ftate,to her fo great prejudice and da- 1 
 Mtnlm e%f *'mage fhould pay for our folly and tranfgreffton. A fearful and dolorous example will we afford: 
 cnted by his '< but good & profitable to all youth for ever hereafter. As for me verilyboth the inbred love and 
 owafaiher. cc affe^ion of all fathers to their children,and alfo this fliew and proof of thy valour and knight- 
 " hood ( although feduced with deceitful apparance and vain refemblance of honour ) moveth 
 " me not a little:'but fince that,eitber by thy death the Cofl^.commands muft beeftablifhed,or by 
 "impunity of thy difobedience/or ever difanulled,! would not wilh thee to retuie(if there be any 
 *' of my bloud in thee ) but by thy punifliment to reftore and fetup again the military difcipline 
 " which this day by thy default is fain down and ruinate.Go ferjeant,and bind him to a ftake.Ac 
 this fo cruel a fentence, they were all amazed and in an extafie, that were prefenc : and as if they 
 had feen the edge bentagainft themfelves/or fear more than for any modefiy or reverence, they K 
 were quiet. So when they were come again to themfelves, as if their fpirits had been recovered 
 after fomedeep imprefilon of a wonder which had aftonied them,they ftood ftill with filence:buc 
 lb loon as the poor wretch his head was chopt off, and his bloud feen to gufli and Ipin out, then 
 be^anthey all ofafudden to fpeak freely and complain with open mouth, fo as they forbare nei- 
 ther lamentations nor curfes: they covered the youth his body with his own vi^orious fpoils, 
 they erc6ted a funeral pile of wood over his corps without the trench and rampiers, fet it on 
 fire,and burnt him accordingly ; and fo with as great love and affeftion as iouldiers could {hew, 
 performed their laft duty unto him,and folemnized hisobfeqnies. Thus the commandments of 
 Manliw were not only dreadful for the prefent, but gave an heavy and fearful precedent for the 
 future ,to all foveraign Commanders of an Army.Howbeit,the rigour of this punifhment made the L 
 fouldiers more dutiful to their Captains and Leaders : and befides that, the rounds and fentinels, 
 and the fet corps de guard were every vvhere more carefully looked unto and obferved : even in 
 the very hazard and extremity alfo of the battel afterward, that auftere feverity did much good. 
 For their fi^ht was mu^h like unto a civill war.So little,or nothing at all in a manner ^.differed the 
 Latines from the Romans Common-wealth,but only in heart and courage. 
 
 Aforetime they ufed Roman long large {hields, covering their whole bodies ; but in procefs 
 of time.after that they became Stipendaries and to take payjthey bare fhorter targets.And where- 
 as aforetime they had their battalions thick and dofe together, like to the Macedonian Phalan- 
 ''es, afterwards they began to range their battel into bands more loofely and diftindly, and 
 iaft of all, they were divided into thinner orders and fquadrons : every fuch order or fquadron M 
 contained threefcore fouldiers,two Centurions,and one Port enfign. The forefront of the van- 
 gard ware javclineers called Hafiati, in fifteen fquadrons, diftant fome little way one from ano- 
 ther fuch a fquadron had twenty fouldiers lightly armed,and all the reft a fort of Targeteers. And 
 thofe were called light-armed, who carried only a fpear or javelin to fight with at hand^and other 
 darrs to lance from them aloof. This forefront contained the flower of youths, that grew up as 
 apprentices to war- fervice.Then followed after them offtronger and riper age,as many bands br 
 fquadrons, which were called Precipes ; whom there followed hard at heels, thirty fquadrons,all 
 targeteers or fliield-bearers, with brave armour above all others. And this battalion of thirty 
 companies, they called Afitepilam [avant^ darters] for that the other fifteen orders or bands were 
 placed hard before the enfigns. And of thefe,every band confifted of three parts : and each of them N 
 they called Primtimphtm^ and it was compofed ofthree banners or pannonces : and every fuch 
 banner contained 186 men. The firftPannonce or banner condufled the Triarii-, who were old 
 fouldiers of approved valour: the fecond, thoe that were called Rorarii, of lefs puiffanceboth 
 for age and prowefs : the third, fnih as were n.^.med Accenfi^yiho v/ere of leaft account and truft, 
 and therefore they were caft behind unto the tail of the battalion. When the Army was thus or- 
 dered in battel array into thefe binds Sc fquadrons,the javelineers formoft of all began thefight: 
 if they were not able to diRomfit the enemies, tha'.nhey with fteady footing and foft pace reti- 
 red back i^^ro the void places between thefquadrcns of the PrincipesiY/ho received them: then 
 began the /'?v;;c/>«toenterinto the battel and to maintain fight, and werefecondedby the H<«- 
 ftatiot |avc!inecrs.The TrL-rii remained ftanding all this whiles firmly,about their enhgns,fecting O 
 out their left legs afore themat length, with their T.irgcts on their fhonlders, and cheir pikes or 
 javelins fticking on the ground, with their heads fome what bending forward, murh like as 'f 'heir 
 battel were fortified with a Pallifado or rampier of pales and fharp ftakes. Now if thofe P'-njnpes 
 had not good fuccefs in fight,they retired themfelves by little and little from the forefront, to the 
 Triarii, And hereupon grew the proverb.that when athingwasat a dead lift and in diifrefs, they 
 would Uy,We are come ro the Tria^ii,lhe.n the Triarii ftanding up right.jb fo^n as they had re- 
 ceived the Pri;;dpes and Htifi^ai, into the void placebetween their files, prefently drew in their , 
 
 ranks
 
 The eighth Boo\ofT,lAvm%. 225 
 
 A ranks and files dole together, and ftiuc up as it were all vvaies of pa iTage and enrrance, and with 
 one main joint and dole battalion (as if now there were no more hope behind ) advanced to- 
 ward the enemy. And this moft of all feared and terrified the enemies, when thinking to chafe 
 ihofethat they Teemed to have vanquiflied; chey faw a new battel of frefli men ftarcifg up,.ind the 
 fame increafed in number. 
 
 Now were therecommonly four Legions enrolled, confining of five thoufand foot, and three 
 hundred horfe toevery legion. As many more were added unto them, and thofc muliered out of 
 the Latines, who ac that time were enemies to the Romans, and had ordered their battalions af- 
 ter the fame manner in allrefpeils. And they knew well enough that not only eniign with eniign, 
 g all pikes and javelins with pikes and javelins, PrtKcipes with Prhicifes, but one Centurion with 
 another, if thearraies were not broken, were to encountcr.Two PrimipUi or chief Centurions, 
 there wereamonglt the Triam in the one army and the other. The RomanjOt'body not fo Itron^ 
 and wellfet, howbeit a good fouldier otherwife, skilfulland of great experience : the Latine, ex- 
 ceeding mighty,and a notable fighter of all others. Well known they were one unto the other, 
 becaufe at all times they had the fame conduct and equal place of charge.The Roman nor great- 
 ly truiling to his own (trength, was permitted even at Romebj theCof. tochufeuntohimanun- 
 der-Centurion whom he would : who might prote6t and defend him U\s from an enemy thac 
 iliould hap to deal with him hand to hand. And it fortuned that the yong man by him eleifed, 
 fought in the throng and got the vidory ofthe Latine Ccnturion.As for the batteljit was fought 
 
 Q not far from the foot of the hill f^(/»w>/, in the very way that leadeth loVffens. The Roman 
 Confuls before they came into the field killed their bealb for facrifice. And the bowel-prying 
 Soothfaier (as it is reported) flievved to Dectw the head of the Liver on the inner fide wounded 
 (as It were) and cut off: otherwife in all refpeils, his facrifice was acceptable to the gods. As for 
 Ala^ltui.ht had as good figns of Gods favour in his,and all as well as might be. That is wellyec 
 (quoth Dectn.<)iimy coLepue fpeed well,and have good fuccefs by his facrifice. Their battels be- 
 ing fo arranged as I laid before they marched into the deld.Mafi/nu led the right wing-Dfc/W the 
 left. Ac the hr(f they fought on both fides with equal forces and like courage and heat of ftomack. 
 But afterwards on the left wing, the Roman Hafiari, not able to full ain the violent charge of the 
 LatineSjtetired to the Pnncifes.la which trouble and fearful diforder,Dc'f/«/ the Cof.called aloud 
 
 jv to Myalerms' "' We have need of Gods helpf'quoth he)0 PaleriKs. Where art thou,the publike 
 " high Prieft of the people oiRome ? Come and fay afore me chat form of words, whereby I may 
 " devote and betake my felf for t he Legions. The Prielt commanded him to put on his long purple 
 robe embroidered before -.called Pracexta^io cover his headjand to put forth his hand under the 
 faid robe ac his chinandftanding upon his javelin, with both hisfeet, co pronounce thefe words 
 after him,as follow : [O Janus^ Jupiter, /d.'/?fr Mars, QjurinuS;Bellona,0;'e L^res anddimeflicalt 
 gods^the godt No venfiles a id Indigetes > je gods likewt[e-> whofe power extendeth over us and our' cne- 
 ntieS'^ayid OM.int^ the infernMgods-, you I tnvocM^ yoK ^rvorjhip a>:dadore,yonr fsrdon I befcech and 
 f.ivoHr crave-ythat ye would fro(per all power andviEbory unto the people of V^omz and Qnirites j andpm 
 tofear^fri^htyind death-the enemies of the people of Rome a'',d Qiurites. And jttfl as ] pronounce i»fet 
 
 '^^wordsffofor the weal publikeofthe Qviirites, f /jf Army-, Legions and aids of the people ofKomt J be- 
 take with me unto Manes the infernal ^irits-, and dame Tellus, the Legions and aids of the ener/ties-, ind 
 my felf after them.] Having made this praier,he willed theScrjeants or Liftorstogo to Ma.lms-, 
 and with all fpeed to tell him,thac hiscollegue was devoted for the army. Himfelfgirded afterthe 
 Gabinefaniion,and armed at all pieces, mounted on horfeback and fo rode into themidlt of his 
 enemies.Of both armies he was feen,to carry with him much more ftatcly and venerable per: than 
 a man.as fent from heaven to be a fatisfadfion of ail gods wrath, and to turn away all plague and 
 mifchieffrom his own people upon theenemics. Allterrourandfearhe carried with him as he 
 went-and firfl difordered the eniigns of the Latines in the edge and border of the battalions, and 
 afterwards entred within into the whole army. This was noted and feen moft evidently, thac 
 
 p which way fo ere he rode theenemies were fmitcen with fear,as if they had been bhfled and llruck 
 with fome untoward a!pe(?l: and influence of a planet. But fofoon as he was fain and overcharged' 
 with fliot of darts, preiently from that place all about, the cohorts of the Latines (out of all que- 
 lHon)as amizedmen,tled away and avoided. And therewithal like wife the Romans as if they had 
 been difcharged and freed from their religious fear and fcruple of conftience, ard as if they had 
 but then and not before heard the found ofthe trumpet to battel, began to charge and fight a- 
 frelli.For both the iJ.jr^madvan ed tor.vardand ran among the ranks ofthe Jntrp!l.i,7i.,ind ther- 
 by re-enforced the U.'fiMi and Prinap-s, and caufed them to fight more (loutly : and the Tnarii 
 kneeling on their right knee, waited till the Cof gave them fometoken to arife. Afterwards in 
 pro^efsoffi^hc when in other parts thcLatines in their number prevailed, "l/ »'/wtheCon;ul,ha- 
 
 G ving heard ofthe final end of his companion, and(3nd right as piety would ) a^eompan^ed as well 
 with piaints and rears as with due praifes lb worthy and memorable a death for a wniie doubted, 
 whether it were yei time for the. T-iani to arife. Aftcrw: rds think'ngit better that chey fhould be 
 leferved in heart and freflijUnto the laft pufh of extremity, he biddeth the ,4rcf«'-'fromthehind- 
 moft tail ofthe terevvard to come forth before the (landard;. Who fofoon a<; they vere come in 
 place,forthwith theLatines.fuppofing theenemies had done the like raifed their ^'V«j- .-.Who ha- 
 ving for a good yhile fought fiercely and weiried themfelves, and either broken their javelins or. 
 
 dulled their pointS5and yet by meer force repulfed their enemies ; thinking now all had been done, 
 
 axld'
 
 2^6 7 be eighth Boo\^ of T. Livius, 
 
 and tbeviftoryatcbieved. as being come asfarasto the utmoft skins of the bitcallons; " Then,H 
 *' qticch the Conrai to the Trianink now frefli and Uuiy as ye arC; againft the wearied, mindful 
 " of your counry patents wives and children, mindful ofthe ConUil, who for your vifiory hath 
 *' taken his death,'! he Tr:.iTii all hearty & unfoiled,were not fo foon rifen up,fhewing themfelves 
 in cheif iiright and glittering armour.,but there began on a fudden & unlocked for,a new skirmifli 
 and iAonilict.For they receiving the ^aff/>'Ar>j/ between their hiesJet up a ftiout and outcry trou-, 
 btedJc difrrdered the Prmc p:.. oftheLatines,gored their faces with their javelins5rievv the priti-' 
 cipa! ilowet and (trength of their bel\ &formoiimenand pafled untouched in a manner through 
 the other bands,"s if tliey had been difarmcd: yeajard brake through their pointed and clofe bat- 
 rallons, wiibfo great amiirdsr, that fcarcely they leftbehind them a fourth part of their enemies I- 
 alive.The Samni:<: alto under the foot of the hill,being feen a far off in battel array , fmote a terror 
 among the Lntincs. But among all either Citizens or Allies. the eipecial commendation of that 
 fervicereftcdin rheConln's; of vuiom, the one turned all the threats and dangers from the gods 
 bothaboic and beneath ;iponhim!'elf alone; the other in that battel fhewed fuch valour and po- 
 licy, that it is confelfed both of Romans and Launes,whohave written of that journey and com- 
 mended it to polierity, th:.t of whether army T. Ma Jifshiid the conduft, that way doubtlefs 
 would the vidtory go. 1 he Latines after their defe.:t and flight retired to M.-ntnrna : their camp 
 prefently upon the battel was won , and many a man there (urprifed alive and cut in pieces, but 
 theCampainsefpecially. That day could not the corps of !)(?«/« be feen, for that the nightcame 
 upon them as they fought for it: themcrow after it was found amongft a mighty company of K 
 {lain enemies, overwhelmed with fwords, darts and javelins: and with all honour and foiemnity 
 according to his death performed by his brother Conl'ul were his funerals. 
 
 This alfo amongll the red, feemeth worth the remembrance and to be inlerted in this place, 
 namely, That it was lawful for Conlul.^DidfatorjandPrnetor, whenlcever they facrificedandbe- 
 tookto the Devil the Legions of their enemies. for to vow and offer withali,nottheml'eives in a- 
 ny cafe.but any Citizen whom they would : provided al waies that he were one of the enrolled le- 
 gion of the Romans.[y4«i^ if the man who is :hns add:6ted anddfftin.d to dea^h, hap to dieya/lii welly 
 Andtti it ought to be • But tf he die n t thenwM the iwrge of him f even foot high or above buried in the 
 . gronnd-,and A pttrgina or propitiatory ficrifice rva6 jl^.in in his fie ad'- but wherefoever it chanced that I- 
 mage to befo mterred/hither was it tiot Uwfullfor any Roman Aiagijirate tofet foot and come. But if L 
 a man wouldneeds offer and vow himfelfto death-, as Decius did^and die not-, he[ha/l not purely perform 
 any facreddnty^or do facrifi^e, either for himfelf or the City, that hathonce thus betaken himfelf. If he 
 rfillbegueathaid offer hij armom to Vulcan, or to fame famt whomfoever he lifl-,be it permitted and 
 Umfulfor himfo i o do, either by xv^.y of fwrifice or other offering as he pUafeth. yisfor the weapon or 
 fffear ovsrwhichtheCor.fulfianding on loth htsfcet-, Wi^de hii prayers and invocations, it is not lawftd 
 the enemy to feiz,e thereon'- but if he fortune to win the fime^ a piopitiatory facrifice mt:Jl be offered to 
 appejfi MarSjfo »'/f,<t/ip/«», afhecp, and a Bull. ] And albeit the records both of all divine and hu- 
 mane cuiiomes and traditions, make no mention hereof) and are now grown out of ufe and re- 
 membran:e,by reafon thatweprcfernew and forrein ceremonies, beforethe old ancient rites of 
 our own country andanceHorsjyetl thought not amifsto make report hereof, even in thofe very M 
 words and teims asthey wereufed delivered;and pronounced. 
 
 In fome writers I lind, that the Samnits having waited to fee the event of this battel, came 
 to aid the Romans when ail was done and paR.AIfo.chat there wasfuccoura coming from Lr.i'/- 
 »ium\ixMo the Latines, but not before they had the overthrow ; by reafon that they fpent a great 
 time in deliberation. And when as now the tormolf enhgns and fome part of the army was gone 
 forth of the gates, and news cam.e of the defeat and flaughter of the Latines ; asthey turned their 
 banners and returned into the City, it is laid. That their Prxtor or Piovoff, named Afillionius, 
 fpake thefe words, " Th.ufo fmaila way as they had gone, mult coll them dear,and full fweetly 
 ''■ would the Roman<; be paid therefore. Suchas were remaining of the Latines after the battel, 
 and were fcattered afimder in many and divers waies, when they were rallied togetherfiirowded N 
 themfelves tor fafety in the City rife;.!. Where in their Councils and afi'emblies, Nnmifus their 
 Generall, averred, and affiired themT that yi/rtr.f indeed was common, «nd the hazard indifferent 
 toboth pjrties,as having made an equal maffacre in the one army and the other; and that the bare 
 nameon'v of vitlory went with the Romans: for ctherwifc-, they carried away with them the 
 fortuneoimcnvanquiflicd, andfpednobetcerthan they. For ( faith he ) The. two royal pavili- 
 ons, of their Cof.are polaited and defiied ; the one with the parricide of his ownlon.rhe other 
 for the death of the Cof. who hsd vowed himfelf to die: all their forces in mannerflain : their 
 Jave'ineers- and principals kil'ed : abloudy {laughter committed both before and behind the 
 Standards : and only the Trwr// at the iafl upflic-. renewed the fight and fet all upright. And albe- 
 i£(qr»oth he) the power of the Latines alfo be flirewdly abated yetfor a frefl-i fupply, either Lati- O 
 fltMfor Volfci are rearer than Rome. And therefore if they lb thought good, he would with all fpeed 
 raifetfaelafiy flowcrandchotenmanhoodhothout of theLatinesand theVolfcians, and return 
 aigain with a frefli army to r.^p«4 : and with his fudden coming unlooked for, furprife and de- 
 tea: the Romans, expecting as then for nothing ieis, than a fecond battel. Soby difpatch- 
 ioghiscatjcelous and deceitful letters into ail pares of L.-tium and the Voll(:ian nation (by reaibn 
 fhathqr who had not been prefent at the battel were fooner induced togive raflj credit ) there 
 Wjsacumakuary army in great had levied, enrolled, and aflemWed together out of allquarters. 
 
 This
 
 The eighth BooJ\ofT,LA\\\i^. 227 
 
 A This holt as it m3rched,Ttfr^«^f«» the Conlul met at Tif.-ratm^a. place between Sh.'ttejfn ind Ai,.- 
 r«r»<e.Andbeforethey could chufe.oiic a plot ot" ground to encamp in-,theybe(Iowcd their carria- 
 ges and baggage on heaps oFeither lide : fell to a battel prcfently and m«de a final end and conclii- 
 fionofall the vvar.For theenemies were brought lb low that as the Confulkd his viclorious Ar- 
 my to walk their Country,all the Latines yielded chemfelves to him : and this their rendring the 
 Campains likewife followed. Thus L<«f ;/.-»; and 0;);.'»i forfeited and ioll part of their Territories. 
 The lands ot the Latines with the Privernats,laid thcreto,and the TciTito:yof/^/.-T;/, which be- 
 longed to the people olCipua-, even as far as the river f-^ultHrinni.vm dii idcd amongH the Com- 
 mons oiRome. Two acres in the Latine Country, with a fupplemcnt of three four parts out of 
 B the Privernats land to make up the whole; and three acres in the Territory of F^/ir//,with addi- 
 tion of a fourth part to boot for amendsjbecaufeit was lo firotV,were aiTigncd for a m n. The 
 Laurentins only, of all Labium., and the horfeinen of the Campains etcjDed this puniHimcnt and 
 were exempted from the reft ,becaufe they had not revolted. And a decree pafled, that the League 
 with theLaurents fliould be renewed: and from that time iifuallycvery year is it renewed, after 
 the tenth day of the Latine holidaies. Thole Campain horlinen were made free denizens oiRotne: 
 and for a monument and memorial thereof, theyfet upandfaflneda brazen table at Romein the 
 Temple of 'C^jloy,T[\Q people of C.'/'«.j were enjoyned to pay yearly to every one of them,(and 
 they were a thoufmdand fix hundred in all) 45. 'Deniers. *4^ Denarii 
 
 Thus after the war fully determinedjand both rewards dealt, and punillimcnt inflifted accor- fl"7"d"ob!fiw. 
 
 (T ding to each mans defert, T./^/<j;///« returned home .• whom the elders only [for certain ] went 
 forth to meet on the way : the youth, not only then, but ever after, during his life abhorred, and 
 with curies detefted him. The Antiats made certain rodes into the Territories of Ilofltai Ardeny 
 and Solom.h.ad for that Mmlius the Conful was not able himfcif in pcrfon to intend and manage 
 that war, by reafon of ficknefs, he nominated lor Dictator L. Paprim Cra(fus^ who as it hap- 
 ned was at that time Prcetor : by whom was named for General of the horiemen,L. P.-'phittsCur- 
 /or.This Di6Utor,aibeit he kept thefield,andlay encamped certain months within the Confines,^ 
 yetatchieved no worthy and memorable exploit.After this year thus renowned for thevic^lory ot 
 fo many and fopuiflant nations, and vvithall, for the nobie and famous death of the one Conlul, 
 and for the government of the other, aibeit Hern and rigorous, yet notable and renowned; 
 
 J) there fucceeded Confuls, t.iy£m)ii»s M'lmcrcus, and Q.Publilms PhUo^ who met not with the 
 like fubjedl: and matter of great affairs: and they themfelves were more mindful either of their 
 own private bulinefs, andftudiousto maintain a fide and faction in the Common- weal, than 
 to advance the State of their Country. Howbeit, the Latines (who rebelled for anger that they 
 loft their lands) they difcomfited in the plain of Fe^fff»«,drave them both out of their Camp, and 
 forced them to leave the field. Where, whiles Py.bliiiMs (by whofe governance and condiitf that 
 viwtory wasatchieved) received furrender of the Latines, theflower ot whofe youth was there 
 allflain and killed n'p&niylins led his Army againft Pedum. As for the Pedans they had mainte- 
 nance from 7} ^«r,/'rc«ry?i-, andF'f//:fr;?,who took their parts : there came alfo aid from L^:ni.vi- 
 tim ii)d Antium. Where the Roman Conlul, albeit he had the better hand in skirmiflij yet for 
 
 E that there remained behind a new piece of fcrvice about the City it felf Pcdum^ and the Camp of 
 their Confederals which was adjoyned dole to the Town: allot' a fuddenhegave overthewar 
 UBfinifhed,becaule he heard that triumph was decreed unto his brother Ccnful. He alfo himlelf 
 returned to Romcy and called earneftly for triumph before victory. At whii-h untimely and cove- 
 tous dehre of his, the Nobles being offended, denied flatly ; that unlefs he either forced /'r<^?^»« 
 by affault or won it by compolition he fliould not triumph. Hereupon Amylins being difconten- 
 ted and alienated from theSenat, bare his Confulfliip afterward like to the feditious Tribunes, 
 Forfolongashe was Conlul he ceafed not to charge and accufe the Nobles before the people; 
 andhisCollegue no whit gainfaidhim.as being himfelf one of the Commoners.He took occalion 
 ofthefeaccufations upon this. that the lands in the Latine andFalern Countries, were divided in 
 
 F pinching and fcant meafure among the Commons, And after that the Senat, defirous to a'c ridge 
 the time of the Confuls government, had decreed that a Didator fhould be declared againlf the 
 Latine rebels; Ji.-nyliti> (who e turn it was at that time to govern ) nominated hisowncompa- 
 nion in office to be Diftator, by whom Junius Brutus was named General of the horfe. This Di- 
 (SlatorfViip was popular and altogether framed to the humour of the common people: both by 
 reafon of flandrous and accufatory Invei^ives made againft the Nobles : and for that it enafted 
 three Statutes,moft favourable and pleafng to the Commons, and ascrofsand adverfeto the No- 
 bility: firft. That the Aits devifed and enadled by the Commons, fhould bind all the ^//V/ffv 
 or Citizens of Rome- I'econdly, That all laws which were propofed and to pals by the futfrages 
 oftheC-enturies, before the Scrutiny began, and their voices g.thcred, the Nobles fhould allow 
 
 Gandapprove: thirdly, That forafmuch as they were come thus tar alre-.dy- thatboth the Cen» 
 fors might be of the Commons, now one Cenlbr at the lealt fliould be a Commoner of necef- 
 fity. lofomiich as the Nobles thought verily that there was more loft at home this yearby thefe 
 Confuls and Diilator, than gained to the Empire abroad, by their vidories and warlike ex- 
 ploits. 
 
 In the year following when C. Furius Camillns and Q^. Menim wete Confuls, to the end that 
 JEmyliitsthe Conful of the former year, might be more notably reproached tor the quitting and 
 letting flip of a vidory that fliould have been atchieved in his year; theSenat began to mutter 
 
 it?
 
 Q^8 'i he eighth Boo}\^ of T. Livius, 
 
 in their fpeeches, that Pedum by force of arms,by valour of men^ & all poflible means whatfoevcr, K 
 fliouid be dertroyed and rafed to the ground. Whereupon the new Confuls being forced to lay 
 afide all other affairs,and to go ift hand with that (ervice, firll took their journey thither. Now 
 was L;!?f;«w "town to ihofe terms, as they could neither abide war nor endure peace. 1 o main- 
 tain the wars they wanted means; and peace they could not away with nor abide to hear of^ne- 
 ver fincc the lofsoftheirlands.So they thought beft to hold a middle courfe; to hand upon their 
 ouard.and to keep themfelves within their towns: thatthe Romans being not provoked, fnould 
 make noquarrelofwar :and if there were tidings brought ofany town beleaguered thtre might 
 be aid fent f.om all parts tothebefiegedjAnd yet for all this.were the Pedans luccoured but of ve- 
 ry few.The Tiburtins and Pr£ne(lins,whofe country lay nearelt came to Pedum. But for the Ari- 1 
 cins Lanuvinsjand Veliternes,who joined their forces with the Antiais and Volfciang,vvere fud- 
 denly aflailed and fet upon near the river Jftma by MemHs.,ind. vanquifhed. Camiims fought be- 
 fore /'f^awwith the Tiburtins, who came into the field with a righc puifl'ant army, and put him 
 to much trouble and hazard: howbeit^behad as good fuccefs in the endas./W^«/;//,Thegreaiell 
 tumult and trouble was caufed elpecially by occafion of a fudden fally of the townfmen in the ve- 
 ry time oftheconflid. Againft whom jafter that C-3w/7/»j had oppofed part of his forces to make 
 head, he not only drave them within the wals, but the fame day alfo, when he had difcomfited 
 both them and their fuccours, he fcaled the town and was MaHer thereof. Then it was thought 
 good ,with greater preparation of power and couragtous refolution,after the winning of that one 
 City to go about with the vi£lorious army from one to anotherand fo to fubdue and tame for e- K 
 ver the whole nation and name of Latinm. Neither reded they, untill partly by main force, and 
 partly by taking one City aftertanother by way of furrender, they had brought i\\ tat turn wVid^t 
 their lub je6f ion. After ihis,having difpofed and placed garrifons in every town which they had 
 got, they departed to Rome for triumph : which was to them by a general confent of all mengran- 
 led.Befides their triumph this honour was to them done, that two (fatues ofhorfemen ( a rar& 
 thing in thofe dales jfhould be ereiled for them in the Grand place called Forum. 
 
 But before that they gathered the fuffrages of thepeople, in the afTembly for Election of CoC 
 aoainfl the year following, Camill:is\niYni wifemadeafpeech to the Senat, touching the Latine 
 TheO,3tion nations. " My LL.and Senators of i?swf, That which by war and force of arms was to be done in 
 oicumillus lo " Latium,is now Ijy God his goodnefs and the valour of our fouldiers brought to good pafs.The L 
 the Scnat of " Armies of our enemies (lain before Pedum and Aftru^t : The Latine towns all,and Am turn a Ci- 
 Kmt, « jy of the Volfcians either by force won, or rendred by compofition, are now held and kept to 
 
 *' your behoof by your own garrifons.It remaineth now to confult (forafmuch as they trouble as 
 "oft by rebeHion)and to devifefome means how to keep them quiet in continual peace. In this 
 " confukation, the immortal gods have given you thus much povn;r to refolveupon,that itlieth 
 " wholly in your hands.to chufe whether Latium fliall continue flill a nation or no: and therfore 
 *' may ye for ever procure your felves repofe and fecurity from thence either by rigour & punifli- 
 "ment,or by clemency and pardon, chufe you whether. Are ye minded to proceed by way otcru- 
 '• elty againft thofethat have yielded themfelves, and are vanquilTied ? Ye may, indeed .dellroy all 
 <• L-1tiHm^^a6. make all watt and a defart wildernefs,from vvhen:e oftentimes in fundry and dan- M 
 ''gerous wars ofyoursyehavehadthe help of an army of Allies,&: found them faft and valorous. 
 " But wil ye(3s your anceftors have done before you)cnlarge the Roman Empire by receiving un- 
 " to your City ihofe whom ye have conquered?Then have ye matter & means to grow up lUi and 
 " wax mighty , to your great honour and glory .Surely .,that government & dominion is of all other 
 " mo(f ftrong and fure,wherein the fubjeds take joy in their obedience.But vvhatfoever you mean 
 '' to determine in thisbehalf,ye had need to make fpeed and refolve betimes.So many nations ye 
 " ho d in fu!penceofmind between fear and hope: and therefore behoofeful it is, thatyouboch 
 * rid and deliver your felves(asfoonas you can)of the care they put you to; and alio whiles their 
 ' heads are bufied and minds UDrefolved( (landing as they do amazed in doubtful expei^ui on \ 
 " either by punifhment or by benefit,to forelf al and prevent them before they take heart ag '• "s( 
 " For our pare, it was hitherto our endeavour to effeft and bring about, that ye might be able t ;> 
 " difpofe of all at your pleafure,andas you would your felves: nowyourdnry it is to determine 
 " what is beft for your felves and the Common-weal.The Lords and chief o: the Senat praifed this 
 motion of the Cof. and deemed good in general. But foralmu:h 15, the condition of the parties 
 was divers. and their caufe not all one,they faid that they might refolve and determine beft,accor- 
 dingto the defert of each nate,it they were fpecified by n.;me,and the opinions asked in particu- 
 lar.So they fell to confultation of them feverally as they were propounded: ■;rid fet down this or- 
 der and decree. Imprimis, d\zi the Lanuvinsbcenfranchifed Citirens of Rcfne^ and enjoy again 
 their own religion and facred ceremonies, with this provifo, that iLe chappel and grove oi'Juno 
 Sofpita fliould be common to the Burgefles of Lanttvium- and the people of Rome, hem-, that the O 
 Aricins, Nomentans, and Pedansifhall he made denizens of /?««/«■, and endued with the liberties 
 and priviledi.'es ofthe Lanuvins. Item^ that the Tukulans retain Tull that t'reedom of their 
 City (afe,which as then they enjoyed : and the crime and attainder of rebellion to be charged up- 
 on a few of the chief to fave the common (late from danger. Item, that there fhould be grievous 
 punifliment inflified upon the Velicerns, who being ancient Roman Citizens, had notvvitbltan- 
 dtngfo often taken arms and rebelled: that their waK fhonld bedifmantled and rafed : their Se- 
 nators from thence tranflated, and confined beyond 7}'i-m/j there to dwell, upon pain, that 
 
 whofo- 
 
 \
 
 The eighth Bool^ofT ^iJw'ms. 220 
 
 A whofoever were found on this fide the water, it might be lawful! tor any man to take him as his 
 
 prifoner,and to ranfom him at a * looo Afles. Provided alwaies that he fliould not enlarge him, • jt fli.^.d. 
 nor releale him of hii Iron?, umill the money were fully latisfied and paid. Into the policffioDs ft'-'f^. 
 and lands of thole Senators, were tenants and Coloners fent to inhabit: who being ome enrolled, 
 ri?///rf Teemed aj,ain as populous as bctoredme.At Annum was there a new Colony planted, with 
 this proui'o.thu the ancient inhabitants of the Antiats (hould be permitted ( if theythemfehes 
 wouid^to be enroled there, and remain (lill. From thence were their long Gailii^sand war-fhips 
 had away,3nd the people of Annum wholly forbidden the fea : but ihefreedom ofRom;.nCi[i- 
 •zensto them was ^r.inted.TheXyburts and PreneUins forfeited their lands^not for their late tref- ' 
 g paf? of rebe.iion. common with other Laiines, but becaule they repining and envying the oood 
 eHate ot tae Romans had in time-; paft joyned . rms with the Frenchmen, a favage and unfociabl? 
 n.uion. From the other Latineseities and States, they took away the priviledge of marriage, the 
 commcT.e oftraffi,k,andentcrcourle of mutual intclligenees,and holdingcounfelsihemfelve.sfor 
 ever .Iter. Toihe Campain Gentlemen that ierved with horfeaforefaid, for that they would not 
 give conientto revolt with theLatines: totheFundansalfoand Foimans, through whofe coun- 
 try they had alwaies had tree, lafe, and quiet paffageto and fro, this honour was done, as to be 
 madeCitizensof /^owifj but without the liberty ot giving voices, /ffw, it was decreed that the 
 Cum.nsand Sneflulans, fhould be of the lame condition and ftate that Cjp»-i was. The Ships of 
 ti e Auiueswerepart of them tranfported to the Arfenal at /?(?»;<!•, and the reliletonfire and 
 Q burn>d.\Vith theliems,beakheads, and brazen pikes whereof,it was thought good,that the pul- 
 pit of boimon pleas and Oration^ in the grand p, ace of iJow^', fhould be beautihed and adorned: 
 whj, n piiblike Pulpit was thereupon called i?'y?r.(. 
 
 VVhiies( .SulpitiHs Laf7£Ms,md P, Alius Pems wereConfuls, when as the Romans held peace- 
 ably under their clominion,all the countries,,as well through thefavour whiLh they won by boun- 
 tiiui dealing, as by might and Itrong hand,there arofe war between the Sidicins and Aurumians. 
 The AuruDvi, who had yie.ded afore to './J-/.i«/'«/Conful,and were taken into protection after- 
 wards rebelled not : whereby they had a more jull caufe to requefl and ftck for aid at the Ro- 
 mans hand. But befi^rethat the Cotifuls had led forth their power out of the City ( tor the Se- 
 nate had commanded, that the Auruncifliouldbe defended^ tidings came, that the Auruncifot 
 jj fear had quit their town: and being fled with their wives andchildren, had fortified 5/««fj(/>, 
 which now at this d»y is called Aurunca : and that the ancient wals, with the town it I'elf, were 
 by the Sidicin'^ deltroyed. Hereat the Senate offended with the Confuls,by whofe delay and lin- 
 gring their allie.Thad been betraied in time of their necelTity, ordained a Didlator to be chofen. 
 So there was elected C.Chudius Regillenfis^ who appointed tor General of horfemen C. Omdim 
 Hortitor. But hereupon rofe a fcruple of conlcience about the creation of theDiftator, And 
 when the Augurs had pronounced,that they thought him not rightly created^bothDidtatorand 
 General of horlemengave over their rooms.The fame year yW;««n',?, a Veltal Nun, wasfirftfuf- 
 peiled of inconrinen-:yi for going in her apparel more trim than was decent for one of her cal- 
 ling and profeffion : and atterthat, brought inqueflionand accufed by a bond-lervant,that infor- 
 £ medagainlf her to the High Prielis. Firft, by a decree of theirs flie was awarded to abflainfrom 
 divine fer^ice, to keep her houfe, and not to manuprife andfet freeany ofher bond-flaves.butro 
 have them forth coming, whenfoevcr they were called for .• and after farther examination and 
 judgement paffed , wasburiedquickunder theground,at thegateCo///><«, inthe paved cauley on 
 the right hand, within the plain or field called ^i:<:/frjf/«,f.?.Exe'.nble or polluted. I fuppofe that 
 placetookthenameofluch * in.eff of filthy whoredom. The fame y ear, C/./'///^/;/«( /'/i/Vo was ele- * s^plc for- 
 died Prxtor, thefirlf thar ever was of theCommons, notwithftandingthe mind of 5«/p^f/Wthe ""^■'""""'•.'n- 
 Conful, who laid, That he would not take his name topropound it for Election nor admit him aV'j"effcd ' 
 among other compititors. But the Senat Bhved thelefs in impeaching this Pr,'{:torfl"iip,''eeing they Votary w3« 
 could not have their will in the highell rooms and dignities. called Inccft^ 
 
 p The yearnext enfuing, tinder the Confulfliip of L. PapirtusCr.ijfus and r^c/jD^^f ///«r,was nota- 
 ble andfamousfortbe warof the Aufonians, in regard rather of the novelty, than thegreatnefe. 
 and danger thereof. They were a people that inhabited a to wn called (".i/ci and had joyned their 
 power with the Sidicins their next ncighbours.The whole power otwhich two nations being dil- 
 comfited in one battel, and the fame not fo memorabIe,vvas for the nearnels of their Cities more 
 ready to flie, and in their flight more fate and fet ured. Yet the Nobles of Rome omitted not the 
 care of that war: for that the Sidiv ins fo often, either had themselves moved war. or aided thofe 
 that began,or elfe were thecaui'e of all troubles. Whereupon they endeav oured all that they could 
 to make Conful the fourth time, the nobleit warriour in tho'e daies-, M, r.LnHsCorv !^fsi-,\yho 
 had for his brother in government Af. AtnLus Kegahts. And left haply tome errour by chance 
 G flTOuldbecommitted,luitwasmadeto theConfuls that extraordinariiy.and without calling lot, 
 thatprovincemightfalltof ort;/««f: who having received the Army (after the vicloryat C^/fj^ 
 of the former Coniuls. wentforth. And when at thefird fb.out andontt hehid dillomfited 
 his enemies, who inrernembran.e of their former late overthrow were.affrigh cd. he afl li- 
 cd to affault their very wals : and fo eager and hotly bent ( I afiure you ) were the 'on diers, 
 that even at the firft they would have let Udders to, as making full account to l(:ale up to the top, 
 and cnf-er the town. .B'U Co v'^^m becaufethar wisanhard adventiire, wasdefiro-i toa,.iom-, 
 plilh that enterp-ife by the long toil of his louldiers, rather than their prefentperill :heriifed 
 
 th'erefore
 
 340 
 
 he eighth Boo\ of T. Livius, 
 
 therefore a courtermure ard platforms and roliing framcs,mounted againfl the wals:but as good H 
 hap was by an cpportonity that fell out,they had no ufe ot'ihele munitions and fabricks. For M. 
 Fc.biHs a Roman pri:cner;takingvantageof the negligence ot his keepers upon afelUval holiday, 
 and making means to break his bonds, lee himfelfdown by a long cord, falined at one end to a 
 pinicleorbaitlemenr ofthe wall, andflidbyihe arms, among the munitions and fabricks of the 
 Romans : who fo perlw.-.ded and prevailed with the General^thathe caufed him to give anaflault 
 npon the enemies now being fa(t afleep, as having filled their bellies with wine ard good meats. 
 So that with asliuleado were the Aufonians and their City furprifedj as they were aiorevanqui- 
 fhed in tight. A j^reat booty of pillage was there got : and after a garrifon plaied at Cales, the Le- 
 gions were brought ba^k to Rorrie. The Conful by decree of the Senate triumphed : and that At- I 
 r/7/M/fliouldnot bs without his glory too, both Coff. vvere appointed to lead forth an Armya- 
 gainW the Sidi in^ : biit before they went, they appointed by adecreeoftheSenat, L. Amylins 
 Mamerctii to be Dilator, to hold the eledion of Confuls. Who named :^./'«/'/;/<iP Wo for his 
 General of horfemen. 
 
 In this Eleilion ,holden by this Deflator .there were created Confuls, T. Fetu^im-, and Sf. Po- 
 fihftmifn, Who albeit there remained iome p«rt behind of the Sidicins war yet to the intent they 
 mijjht gratifie the Commons by fome good turO) and prevent their longing before they fpake 
 themleh es ; propofed an A61 concerning the bringing of a Colony to C^/f j : and when as the Se- 
 nate had ordained that two iboufand and five hundred men fhould be enrolled and afligned thi- 
 ther; they created Triumvirs for to bring them thither, and to divide the lands, namely, r<c/fl K 
 I)ftellius.T.Q^{[nti:is,3r\d M.Fa'ius. After this, the new Coniulshavmg received the army of the 
 old entred into the enemies confines wafting all before untill they came to the very walls oi their 
 City.Now,for that the Sidicins had aflembled a puiflant army, and feemed themfelves fully refo- 
 lute and bent upon utter defpair to put all unto the lalt adventure, and to fight it out to the laft 
 man. Moreover becaufe it was noifed that all SAr»»ium was rifen up in arms : by authority Irom 
 the Senate the Confu s appointed '^.Cornelius Rujfimts Didiatorjand M.Antonius was nominated 
 GeneraJ of the horie. But hereupon grew again another f. ruple, that there was fome crrour efca- 
 ped in the creation : fo they reiigned up their places, and becaufe there enfued alio a plague here- 
 upon ( as if all their Aufpices for Eleftions of M tgiftrates had been touched and infected with 
 th^terrour and defanlt)the managing of all affairs tell to an Interreign.Which being now entred L 
 upon by the fifth Interregent, M. l^alcrtusCorvtnHh then Confuls wcrecieated, L. Cornelius the 
 fecond timeand Cn.T)omniHs, 
 
 When all things elfe were at quiet fhe rumo«r of the Gauls war was fo rife and hot -that it was 
 taken for a very * Tumult. Whereupon it was thought good, th; t a Didtator fhould be created. 
 And M.Pafinus Crajfit' was nominued . who had P.K:leriusPuU'co/a forGeneral of the horfe- 
 men. When they had mulf red the fouidiers more fireightly and with greater regard than would 
 have been tor wars near band theefpiah who were t'tnt out, brought word that all was well and 
 
 3iMet among the Gauls. But lufpeded it was that S amnium now the fecond year was ready to 
 rop out of their allegeance and leek a change.Whereupon the Roman army was not withdrawn 
 out of the Sidi in country .Ho wbeic the war of Alexander King of Efiyns, drew the S^mnits into M 
 iheLucans country, whi h two nations uniting their forces, gavetheKinga battel, as he made 
 rodesfrom Pf/? i. In which 'onflidl 7 a:. >;^.Tha\irg gotthe upperhand, entred into a League 
 and amity with the Romans: although it was much d.)ubted,vvith what faithfulnefs he would ob- 
 fervethe lame, if all hisarfiir^ profpcred as well. The fame year was a fokmn Levy orNum- 
 brii^got the people of /^c^wf he d and the new Citizens were matriculated and enrolled. And 
 therefore two Tribes were annexed A/<'//p«andr<i/)f<i: the Leviers that ordained them vvere 
 Puf'l.Ph'lo and '^p.Prfihumiuf. The A.errans be ameRomnnCiti?ens, by anaftpropofedby Z-. 
 PaftriH! the Praetor : by vertue whereof they were enfranchifed Denizens, but without the pri- 
 viledgeofgi vingv oil- es.Thele were the a'^is tor this year both at home and abroad. 
 
 The ye.r next fol owing (were it through the unkind diliemper.'ture of the air, orbyfomeN 
 wi'^kcdpr.idli e ofm,'n)wa? intamous when A'i.d tudius A'f.irce//i<s zr\d T.f^nl. rius weTtConials. 
 IfindthefurmnneorthisConiul to vary in divers Chronicles, in(ome Flaccus, in others Potiws. 
 Bu"^ itm.nters not mu.h whether be true. ' hisrather 1 could willingly have willed ( and yet all 
 Authorsdnnnt te:ordit)that it had been fall'ely recorded That thole per: ons by ibr' ery and poi- 
 fon were made away,whore death hath defamed that year with the note of a pelHlence But yet as 
 theihing islett Inwri'ing,! purpole tode ivcr it, leftthat I fhoutd feem to derogate ought from 
 therredenfe of any writer, Whenasthechiefperronages of the City died upon like dife-Tes, and 
 after one and the fame minner of fymptomes.a certain chamber-maid pre'isnted her felfto Q^ Fa- 
 tiui MaxintHs ( being tor the time an i£di e of State ) and profefled to bewray the caule of thuc 
 pub'ike andconngionsm^bdy if fliemightbeaffuredby faithfu'i promife from him, t at by the O 
 utterance thereof, fhe n-irvld not come to harm nortrouble. ForthwirhF^/'w delivered this 
 niatrer to theConfuiS .• and the Confuls made relation thereof to the Senate: by the ronfent of 
 which State affnran e was mide accordingly unto the pirtyaforefaid, to reveal the matter. Then 
 fliedeclared that by thclevvdand miT hievous wickednefs of women the City was thus afflifted: 
 and namely That certain Dames o* Rowe-, even their own wives, boiled and tempered rank poi» 
 fons, ( to kill their husbands ) and if they would follow it prefenily they might be taken in the 
 manner. So they went flraight waies with the wench, and found fome women as they were 
 
 • The rumour 
 ofthcGauU 
 war,wascver 
 taken for a 
 Xnn»ultC^M(J 
 t'tmor mult lu) 
 andfupporcd 
 more dangc. 
 rout than ano- 
 ther ordinary 
 war. 
 
 feething
 
 The Eighth Boofi^ofTXAmus, ^ 41 
 
 Afeething and prepiring venomous drugs, yea and feme poyfored confeaions already put up. 
 Whii-h were brought into the market place, andabout :o, of thoied^imes, with vvhomthepoy- 
 fons were found, were fert forby a Scrj;,e:int. Two of them Cornelias t^nd Ser^w.^hoih noble wo- 
 men born, Houtlyltanding upon ihefctcarms, andlHflyavouching,Thatt()ey%verefoieraicnme- 
 dkkinesandwhoUomtortbebodyofmin, were by the chamber-maid aforefaid confuted, and 
 cnjo'.ned to drink thereof ,_ that ihey mightdifprove her, and make her a liar, and to havedci iied 
 U her own lingers endi this falfeflander. Who took a time to commune and confer to^'ethcr, 
 that the peop.e were avoidedalide to make them way. Now when as in light of all the World 
 tlieie two Dames had propounded the matter to the rell there in place, they alfo refnfcd not: and 
 B fo having drunk thepoyfoned potion they all perifliedby their own miLbiei ous pr.i a fc. 1 hen 
 prelcDtly were their compiires apprehended, whodeteiledaud difcovered a great number of o- 
 cher Wives : of wmcn ; 70, were condemned. Never afore that day was there any inquii.tion nor 
 procels at Rome, about poyfoning and forcery. So as the thing was taken for a prodigious won- 
 der- and imputea rather t<irtheir minds belotted and bewitched, then to any felonious intent of 
 their;. Whereupon the Magiltrates ot the City, calling to mind and fear, hing the old Chronicles, 
 found, that in times part, at what time as the Commons in a mad fit withdrew themfeUes and 
 departedtheCity.there was a fpike or great nail driven and fixed by the DicKuor: and that the 
 minds ofthe people, which by difcord had been dillrasled and out of their right wits, were by 
 that ceremonial fatiffaftion, brought again in good tune: and therefore it was thought good, 
 C ihatfor the fallning or lii.king up ol fuch a nail, there fhould a Diitatorbe created. So C". '^Q^nn- 
 ttiius was nominated, who named L. FaUrius General of horfemen_,who lb foon as the nail was 
 fanned gave over their places. 
 
 _ Coniulsthen were created X.7'4;)/V/>/Cr<2/^/</ the lecondtime,andL.P/.!?;fw rf;;;A-. In the be- 
 ginning of which year, there came from the country of the Volfcians as Embafladors to Romey 
 the Fabrnern; and Lucans, making requell that they would take them into their prote»i\ion;pro' 
 mil-.ngthat if by them they were defended trom the forces of the Samnits, they would become 
 loyal and cbediont lubjet^s tothe people of ^owd' : Then were Embafiadors lent from the Senat, 
 to give commandment to the Samnits, to torbear doing any violence upon the borders ofthofe 
 nations. Whic r tmbaffage fped well and took place ; not fo much for that the Samnits delired 
 D peace, as becaufe they were not as yet ready prepared for war. The fame year began thePri- 
 vernits war. The confederates whereof, were the Fundans, and their Leader likewife a Fundan, 
 one VtirHvius Va-:cm^ a man ot great name and reputation, not only in his own country, but alfo 
 at AV/Wf . His dwelling houfe ttood fometime in mount Tdciiinc, even the very fame, which after 
 the building was pulled down, and the ground forfeit and confifcate, was called Vacci Tr.H.t. A- 
 gainft whom as he waited and fpoiled far and neer the Setin, Norban and Coran c cuntrie'., L. ?a- 
 _p;y//« went forth w ith a power, and relkd not far from his very camp. But r/fr/."y;«; neither had 
 the wit to keep himfeif within his trench againft a mightier enemy, nor yet the heart to encoun- 
 ter far from his fo: t. But having put his fouldiers in battel array, before they were all well out of 
 the gate of the camp, whiles the fouldiers had more mind to flie backward, then march forward 
 X and encounter the enemy : without either advife or confident courage he fought : and with as lit- 
 tle ado, and without any quellion ofthe matter he was vanquifhed: fo byreai'on ofthe fiiortnefs 
 ofthe way, and the eahe retire into the camp fo neer, he found no great trouble to fave his foul- 
 diers from mu h flaughter. For in the very conflict, few or none in a manner were (lain, and 
 not many in the prefs ofthe rout and tail ofthe flight, at what time as they ruQied into their 
 camp. And in the beginning ofthe night, the army thus difcomfited, made half e to Privemum, 
 theie to defend thcmfelves within a wall rather then a trench. Pl.tntiM the other Coif. ha\ ing 
 from ")7t^erw«w, overrun and forraged the terriro'v, and driven booties away, condutStcd his 
 armv into the Fundan country. The Senat of the Fundans as he entred into their confines 
 met himjlaying: '' They were not come as Orators to entreat either for Vitrnvms-, orforthofe 
 F '•• that todk his part ; but for the people of the Fnndans: who that they were innocent and not 
 "culpable for this war, Fnrtivim himfeif hath plainly proved and declared, in that bechofe Pri- 
 " v-rnnm to be his pbc'e of retreat and refuge and not the City Fn>jd:, the very place of his nativi- 
 '•ty. And therefore .T yrwrw'/?*? the enemies of thepeople of Z^owf were to be fought for and 
 1 •* purfued, who unmindful ofboth their own countries, had revolted as well from the Fundans 
 I *' as the Romar>. A;; tor the Citizens of f.'/a^?, they were at peace with ^cwe, nay, they were 
 i "Romans in heart, and . arricd thankful remembrance of a benePt received : they entreated tliere- 
 I 'Mbrer.nd belbughithe Confu! to forbear hofiiiity with a suiltlefs people tafTuring him that their 
 ' « LandN,iheirC!^cy, their own Bodies, their Wives and Children were and fliouldbe at the devo- 
 1 "lion of thcpeople of JJo;^;?. The Conful atlcrthat he had commended the Fundans, and fetic , 
 G letters to i?^;^ that they remained firm and faff in their allegiance, turned his way to Triver-.'Uf^i', 
 . Butbeforehedlflodged(asr/rff«(.''w writeth) the Ccnful executed thofe that were the heads of 
 ] the ronfuiracy, and three hundred and fifty ot thofe rebelliousfonfpirarors w;:refcntpriibncr,- 10 
 Rnt^.e. But the Senu accepted it not, and were not content with thrtfnbmiirion, as judging the 
 i Fundan peoDle,de(irou- tobe cxcufed and discharged, with thepun'fhment of the needy and b.ife 
 I fort of people. Now when as Prt/ecjjw^f wasbeiiegedand invelfed with two Copiular Armies, 
 the one ofthe Ccii<ulswns called home to hold the r.le.ffion of Magillrites. That yearvveree- 
 re£\ed inihe sreat race called C/Vwj, the Barriers from whence the horfes and their charriots .ire 
 
 Y let
 
 2AZ The Eighth Boo1\pfT, Livius. 
 
 letforth, when their prizes. Buc before ihcy were well paft the care of the Privcrnats war,there ^ 
 arrived a terribx and fearful brute of the Gauls war, which never was regarded fleightly of the 
 Nobles oiRome. Incontinently therefore the new Confuls, L. j£/w;//«/ 71 :<iw<:r(r«j5 and C»./'/j«- 
 • Ti.fi8'Wj. ttus, on that very day, namely, on the ' CaU»dsoi Inly, wherein they entred their offices, were 
 commanded to determin and agree between themfelves upon their Provinces: and Mamcrcusy 
 who had the charge of the Gauls war, levied and enrolkd an army without allowing any immu- 
 nity and exemption from wartare. Moreover and befides, even thepoorhandiiraftsmenand ar- 
 tifans. fuch as keep their fliops, and live by fedentary occupations, a fort far unmeet for martial 
 i"eniie,arefaidtohavebeencalled forth, andprea tothewars: and a mighty army was aflein- ■ 
 bled and met together itVai^ that from thence they might march to encounter the Gauls : For it I- 
 was thought good that they fhould now go farther forward, for fear lelt the enemy taking ano- 
 ther way.^might deceive them and march diredllyto the City of ^owf. But a few days after, 
 when it was known for certain that all thetroublc and fear for that time was overblown, they 
 diverted their forces from the Gauls, and bent all againlt Privernum. Buctheiffue hereof is re- 
 ported two manner of ways, fome write that the City was forced byaflault, and that F/fj-wz^'w 
 came alive into their hanas; others, that before the utmoft extremity of afiaulc wasufed, they 
 of their own accords, carrying before them white wands in token of peace, yeelded themfelves 
 itnf o the Confnl : and it\z\.VitrnviHs by his own Country men was rendered and delivered unto 
 him. The Senat being moved, and their opinion asked concerning r}fr«w«/and the Privcrnats; >■ 
 fent fortheConful PLiutim to triumph, after that he haddifmantled the walls oi Prtvemiimyind K 
 there placed a Hrong garrifon : and they gave order in the mean time that Vitrnvius flionld be kept 
 fart in prifon until the Confuls return, thento be whipped and put to death. They appointed al- 
 fothat his habitation in y^/^jf^wfliould be pulled down, and- his goods confecrated to their I- 
 6o\ Setnon Sanq_u!. And look what money [of brafs] was raifed thereof, it lerved to makebrafen 
 round Plates,vvhich were offered and fet up in the Chappel of Sangus towards the temple of j^«i- 
 r/>»^.Touching the Senat ofthePrivernais,thus ic was decreedjthat every one of the Senators cal- 
 ling, who remained at Priienium aftertheir revolting from the Romans, fhould in the fame con- 
 dition and rtate as the Veliterns, be confined beyond T)^r;.>, and there dwell. Thefe Acflsbe- 
 irothusfetdovvn, there was no more talk of the Privernats until the triumph o\VUutms. After 
 the triumph, the Conful having executed r/fr«w«/ and his complices, fuppofing now that hee I- 
 miohtfafely propound the caufeof the Privernats, totheLL. of the Senat, whiles they were 
 nevvly fatisfied with the execution of the guilty offenders. " Since that (quoth be) my LL. of the 
 *■■ Senat, the principal authors ofthisrevolt and rebellion, have both at the hands of theimmor- 
 *' taloodsjand at yours, fuftered now already condignepunifliment; whatisyour further plea- 
 " fure, and what fball be done with the innocent and harmlefs multitude? For my part verily, 
 "although I be rather to demand your opinions then deliver mine own : yet feeing the Priver- 
 " nats neer neighbors unto the Samnits.with w hom we now at this time entertain a moft uncer* 
 '^ tain and flippery peace, 1 would have as little grudge and rancor left as may be, between us and 
 "them. As the quertion in it felt was doubtful and ambiguous, whiles mengave advice fome to 
 proceed cruelly, others to deal genrly, according to each man his nature and inclination :io,there M 
 was one of the Privernat Embafladors that made ic more doubtful, and put all out offquare; a 
 man mindful of that (late wherein he was born more than of hisprefentneed andextremity.Who 
 being demanded of one (thathad fpoken to the point, and delivered fome fliarp cenfure 
 and lieavy fenrenceagainrt. them ) What punifhment he judged the Privernats deferved ? 
 Marry (qucth he) that which they deferve,who deem themfelves worthy of liberty and freedom. 
 At whole li out and arrogant anfwer, when the Confulfawthofe to be more eagerly and bitterly 
 bent, who before impugned the caufeofthe Privernats: to the end that he himfelt by fome mild 
 andgentiedemand might drawfromtheparty more modeftlanguage: What (quoth he) if we 
 ^ fhould remit and pardon your puniflhment ; what kind ofpeace might we hope to have at your 
 
 hard'; ? If (quoth he)yeoffer us good peace, ye fliall find it ononr part loyal and perpetual: but N 
 I if ye tenderhardconditions ofpeace,yefhallhaveitla(f but a fmall while. But then one gave 
 out, that thePii\ernat began to threaten plainly: and faid moreover, that fuch fpeeches were e- 
 congh to (lir up any peaceable and quiet people to war, that never thought to have fought. Buc 
 tVe better part o! the Senat drew thefe his anfwers to a better fenfe, and Tiid that it was the fpeech 
 of a man, and ofa man iree born. For, was it credible (quoth they) that any (late, nay, any par- 
 ticular perfon would longer abide (than needs he muftj that condition which hemifliketh and 
 goethagainrt hisllomach ? There only is peace lure and like to hold, wheremen are contented 
 and wil irigtokecp themfehesin peace: and never let men look or hope to find faithful loyalty, 
 whereihcy will impofe thraldom and fervitude. And tothispurpofe the Confulhimfclfefpecially 
 moved and enclined their hearts, reiterating thefe words to the Senators that were firft to give Q 
 their opinions, and that fo loud, as he might of many more be over-heard. That they above allo- 
 ther and none but they indeed were worthy to be made Roman Citizens, who minded and e- 
 fcemed nothing in the world but their freedom. Whereupon, both in the Senat they obtained 
 theirfnir: and alio by the authorirvoftheLL. a Bill was exhibited tothepcople, ThatthePri- 
 vcrn.ts might be enfranchiled Roman<;. 
 
 Thefameve.r were three hundred fent as a Colony, to inhabit Anxm'- and had two Acres 
 of£rounJapecce allowed them. The year following was memorable in no rcfpetl, either of 
 
 home
 
 The Eighth Boo/[ofT, Li vi us, jaj 
 
 A home affairs or forraign, in tlie time of T, Pl^.utius Proc!tlus^zY\d P, ComeltHS ScMp:daCo{^. Only 
 thisfellouc that year, that in FreielU(\yWn.h fomecime was in the territory of theSidi.in?, and 
 after, of the Volliians) there was a Colony plantedund unto the people tiicre was?ivenadole or 
 dilirlbiuion o\ raw tlelh amongii them, by Ma.-cits t/aims, at the tuneral of his mother. Some 
 there were that thought, how under a colonr of honoring his mother, hedtfraycdand p.iid unto 
 the people a delerved nire& rew?.rd,in that when he wasby the^diiesarreHed &: broroht to his 
 anfvverforadultery committed with a Dame or married Wife in theCity.the people had by their 
 voices acquit him. This dole given tor a favour pail at his trial, was the OiC.hon ahoof a di'jnicy 
 following : forin the next Elei^ion rotwithHandinghe were abfent^he was preferred to tiieXri- 
 BbunQiipofthe Commons, even before ihofe Competitors that wereprefent in plate. 
 
 Thereiiood (ometimetheCity Pr.Upol-.s, notfar tronuhence where.isnow NapUs(i3.x\dti\\. In 
 thofe two Cities, one and the fame people inhabited, def*. ended and deriving their bet^inninc' 
 from (times, and theCnmans fetch their ott'-fpring from CI'hUis in Eubaa. With that flect\vhere- 
 inthey lailed !rom their own country-, they were able to do muih at fea, and were mighty upon 
 ihofecoalls where they dwelt. And iirll landing in the lihnds &':ar:a and /"/f Avx.'/je, aiterwards 
 they adventured to le.uthemfcUes in themain and continent. ThisCity relyingand tru(tin?iri 
 their own power, as well asprefuming upon the f.Mthlefs and diOoyal fodety of the Samnits v\ith 
 the Romans or bearing tbemlelvcsboid upon the rumorthatrancf a peltilence that raigned in 
 incheCity of ;?c^;f. wrought much mikhief and hoUiliiyagainlifuch Romans as inhabit'ed the 
 
 C Campain and Falern Countries. Whereupon, when as (m the time oi Lucnts Cornelias Lsntnlw-, 
 c^nd. Quritfts /'«//«/ P/j./tfConful?, the feond time) there were Fa? ials fent ioV. '.IxpoHs, forto 
 demand renitutlon again, and a prond an;wer returned bad;frpin the Greeks, a Nation more 
 Hout and valiant in tongue then in dceci and execution ; by the authority of the Senat, the people 
 decreed, that there lliould be war made noon the Palarpoiitans. And when asthe Confuls had 
 di\idedtheir p ovin.es betwecnthemfeUes, ittelito P?////vjhis turn to w:rupcn thoi'eCrceks. 
 Cornelius with another army was oppofed a^.ainit tbeSamnits.ifthey fhould hap to rtirany way. 
 For the report went that they looking andexpeiting affuredly the revolt ofiheCampains, would 
 encamp neerer and join with them. There, Comci.Hs thought it belt to keep a (landing camp. 
 The Senat was certified from both Confuls, That they hadfmall hope of peace nith the Sam- 
 
 D nits. /^«^//;m gaveinteliigence, that two thoufand Nolan fouldicrs, and four ihoufird Sam- 
 nits, were rather by thee ompulfion and importunity of the Nolans, than with the good will of 
 theGrecks, received at P<t/(c;iff/w. hi Rome it was for certain known, that in 5/7w.'»iV/;w there 
 were new muHers taken by the Magiftratesdireftion, and that the whole country, and the peo- 
 ple adjiiiing, were raifed, and out in ai-ms. Moreover, That the Privernats,Fundans, and For- 
 mians were without all dilTimulationfollicited and moved to rebel. Upon which caufes, it was 
 advifed l>y the Senat, firif to fend EmbalTadors to the Samnits, befo:ethey made war: and from 
 them they hadaninfolentanfwer. And they themfel-.es made quarrel, and charged the Romans 
 with wrongs offered fidf : and neverthelefs they juliifedthemfelves Joranytbingbythem done, 
 and anfwered all objedHons that were hid againH them full (f outly. '" Namely, that the Greeks 
 
 -E " were not aided by any publickcounfel or order of theirs, nor yet weretheFundans and Formi- 
 "ansbythern loihvitcd, as who need notbe allaamed of their own power, but thought them- 
 " felves fuffi.ient enough to war if they lided. Thus much moreover, they could not difi'cm- 
 
 « "-'ble, but fpeak it one in plain rearms, That the Nation and Senat of the Samnits take it in il! 
 " part, that the people ^i Rome had re-edified and repaired FrcaclU, a town by them cor;qnered, 
 "and won from the Volfcians, and by them laid ruinate: and not only fo, but they had placed 
 '' a Colony alfo in the Samnits Country, which the inhabitants called 'FrejicJ'A. whiih contu- 
 '' mely and reproachful injury, unlefs they that were the authors thereof would do their beft to 
 " abolifli and cancel, they would with all their might and main repel it from them. And when 
 astheRom,»n Embafiadormade a motion, and would have had them to put the matter lor to be 
 
 F decided un;;o the common Confeaerates and friends of loth parties; What double and indirefl 
 dealing is this f quoth the Samnits ? ) What jugling ishere to no purpofe ? As for the quarrels 
 and ditferen'es between us (O ye Romans) neither the babling words of Embaflidor, nor yet a- 
 ny days-man oi arbitrator, but the very Campain field, whcein we muft encouncer in earner-r, 
 even dint offword and the fpears point, and thedoubthil chane of battel ila^ll derermin. And 
 tlterefore encamp we between Cajiti.-. and Siiefni', in tlie fght one of another, and let us then try 
 the ifliie, whether Samnit or Roman fiaallbe Lord of /f^/y. The Emb .(Tadorsof /?owc madean- 
 Iwcr, that they were not rogo whithertheenemy ca'lid them, but whither thcirGeneral and 
 Captains led rhem. In this mean while /'«^/??^; had already got a conven'cnf pieceof ground 
 between '■'r:UplisAr\d Naples^ and thereby empeached the enemies of the mutual cntcrcourfe of 
 
 Qfuccors from the one to the other, which they had ufed rc'-ipfocally as either place had need, 
 and wasciRrefled. Therefore- when asthetimeoFEie6fion ofMagiflratesat RsrKe drew on a- 
 p'.ce, and expedient ic was not for the Common- weal, that P'ti/rtu (now , approaching neerthc- 
 erfcmies walls, and ready ro afluilt) fbould be called away from thchopewhich daylvhehad ci 
 winning the City ; the Tribune were dealt withal, to propofe an Aftunto thepeople-, That 
 v^;hen rh" time of P.-.'^. P^■^ his Con'hliliiplliould be expired, he migin in quality and name of 
 Proconfnl, remain in government, until the war with theGreeks were niliy encl^;d. And unto 
 L ComeiiHS were letters fent, implying thus much, That whereas it was not thought good, that 
 
 Y 2 he
 
 244 '^^^ Eighth Boo}{pfT, Livius. 
 
 he now being encred into Sa:m:i;tin-, fiiould be called away from the chief puili of the war, he r. 
 (honld nominate a Dii^ator to be Prefident of the Election of MagiHrates: Who named M.CL:n- 
 dins M-trcellustZad by him was appointed for General of hone 6^. Vojihumtus, Yet for all this, 
 was no affembly for the r:,id elcftion, holden by the Dittator. l^orit came in queliion, Whether 
 hewerciightlyaeatedorno. And the Augurs being hereabout confulted with, pronounced, 
 '"• That the Di(ftator teemed not created aright. Buc the Iribuns diftredited and made fufpicious 
 '' aiia iiiL^mous, by their accufatory fpeeches,this their fentence and declaration, fayin^'.That net- 
 *' theritwas cafie to know the fault and error in the creation, feeingthat the Conful nominated 
 *' the Didtaior in the beginning of the Hill night, neither had the Conful written to any man pub- 
 *'rKklyorprivatly thereof, nor yet was there any perfon could come forth and fay, that he either I 
 *-fawor heard ought, that might mar and interrupt the Aufpices, nor yet could the Augurs f.t- 
 *' ting at Rome^ guefs and divincjwhat error had hapnedto the Confulin thecamp fo far'off.And 
 *'who faw not ('fay they) that the Augurs found fault herewith, becaufethe Dictator Ele<5f 
 *' was a Commoner ? Thefe and other fuch allegations were (to no purpofejby the Iribuns oiven 
 out. For the matter grew to an InterreigHjand the forefaid Election being (lil put offandadjour- 
 ned for one caufe or other; at length the fourteenth Interregent, L. &mylius created 
 Confuls, CPettliuSfand L.Vapirins, ivimmcd Mu£ii/a»nsoiCfirJor, asl Hnd in other Chro- 
 nicles. 
 
 In that year it was recorded, that the City Alexandria in Egypt was founded : and that Alex- 
 ander the King of Eptcurus was murdered by a certain Lucan, a banillied perion, to verifie the O- K 
 rack of J«^f*rr»(7<^(7w«j, which had foretold his death. For when he was fent for into /n;// by 
 the Tarcntinsjhe had warning given him, \To take heed of the AcherufianW/ater^andtheCitj Pan- 
 Ao{-\z^fortherettvDa,shtsdejitnytoeyidhis da.ys'.'l and therefore, with more fpeed he pafledover 
 into /r^/;, to be as far off as might be,from the City VaniofiamEpWus^ and the river Acheron; 
 which iffuing out of Mobjfu into the lower Meets and Lakes, difchargeth it felf, and falleth inta 
 the Thcfprotian Gulf. Howbeit (as commonly it is fcen when men feek molt to flie and avoid 
 their fatal death, they run headlong and plunge themfelves into it) fie, havinf^ oftentimes van- 
 quifhed and overthrown the legions of the Brutians and Lucans ; won by forceVc-r^f/^^a Colo^ 
 ny of the Tarentines, and Co^entia in Lncama, and Sipomum, and alio Acerina a Colony of the 
 Brutians, and other Cities afterwards of the Meflapians and Lucans : lent into £o/V«nhree hun- L 
 dred Noble houfes and families, whom he meant to keep as holfages: he encamped not far from 
 Va»do^a, a City (ituate neer to the Confines of the Lucans and Brutians. And there he held three 
 hilsfomewhatdift ant afunder, from when e he might make excurfions and rodes Into every pare 
 of his enemies country : and he had in ordinary about him almott 200, baniflied men of the Lu- 
 cans, forhisfure trufly guard : who notwiihftanding (asthe natures are of fuch for the moH part) 
 changed with every wind, and . .rried mutableminds according to the variety of fortune Novv 
 itfellout fo, that ihccontinudlr.ins which overflowed allihe fields, had foredoled and Hopped 
 the paflages three ways between his armies,fo as they could not help one anoiherrwherebv thofe 
 two garrifons where the King was not in perfon, were furpri zed by the unexpefted comin^ o^ t he 
 enemies: who having put them all to the fword, turned their whole forces tobefieoe thlK'n" M 
 From when.e there were by theLucan exiles, meflengcrs fent to their own countrim°en -whom 
 the name of the reft capitulated t hat if ihey might be reftored agiin.they would deliver the Kin- 
 either dead or ahve into their hand^ Howbeit he himlelf with an eled number of men made! ■ 
 noble and hardy adventure, and brake through the midft of the enemies: and encountriro the 
 chiefCommanderofthe Lucans hand to hsnd, killed him outright : and havin- rallied bis^men 
 rear together, who were fcattered afunder in fight, he came at length to a river, which bv the 
 Frcfli ruinsof a brokenbndge , that the violence of that water had borndown, {liewedpaffa-e 
 Which as the army pan^d overatan unknown and blind foord, one fouldier wearied with fear 
 and travel, curfing and dcteHing the ur!ucky and abominable name of the River, fortuned to f^v 
 •Ariverof Thou haft not thy name * ^f,Ww lor naught : which word when it came on.e totheKina his'M 
 «gui(hand ear, he prefently began to think and mufe ot his final end ; and there ftayed ftill in a deen fufn'ence 
 P..n. ;^J^eiherhe(^^iallpa(soverorno. Then5.,/^«.,oneoftheKingslerviLsandiie'^^^^^^^ 
 
 him why he lingered and made deiay^being in fo great a peril and jeopardy as he was ? and a,ew. 
 
 ed him withal, how the Lucans trended to plav falfc with him, and fought opportunity to fo^- 
 lay and do h.m a mile h,ef. W,th that the King looked behind him, and efpied them afar off^n a 
 troop commgagainll l.rn: whereupon he drew his fword, puthishorlbto it, took Je Fi er! 
 and rode, hrough the midfi. hereof, andwhen he was nowfofatpanbd tha hevvas ready to 
 take the land one of thoe b..nia.t Lucans lan.ed a dart aloof at him, and ftruck h?m auite 
 
 ; eTlSlcwn ilTT 'f "' '"Z" '"'7'? l^'^ '''' '^'^^'"^^ - his bod , and /he ftre^ca"! 
 O.Ziu ^^ A ^'^''i'T'^'-'^"'''^ ""^'^^ ^"^™«- Where hisbreathlefs corps was o 
 .r..« . ?^^'"f"ly'">'"rjd^'^f rnui.^^^ cutit crofs the middle, fent the one hal to ^ 
 
 '^^ A^tslSvnfo //n'm "''^'^^"^'^^'c'^'^li" Hill, topraaifea thoufand vilianies upon it. 
 
 md^i ude7ra n' i. ^"?S """/->' '^ ''' °*^' ^ i""l" woman being amon^ft this outLgious 
 rnultmidc (r gmg beyond ail meafure ot anger and malice that mans heart can devife or beleeve) 
 
 T it'rh^Et'S 1r, '° ^°^^-^ r '^''^' "'j'' *^f ^ ^^^^ ^^^-^ °- --^ fa' d unto them 
 wirlrK n ok '"^ m the hands of the enemies: but flie hoped 
 
 With the Kin^s body, howloever K were abufed and martyred, to redeem them again. This 
 
 flayed
 
 The Eighth Boo/^ofT. Li vi us. 2 4.< 
 
 A flayed them from farther mangling thereof : Thus all that was left of the Kings body, by the 
 means ofone only woman, was burnt at Cw/f^f/<j: and his bones Itnt bai.k aTterw.uds to the 
 enemies unto * Aietafom,m, and from thcAce'Conveighed to £;>;/«/, unto r/e^;*r,i his wife,and * Torrldt Mur. 
 his (\[\aOlym]>i as ■, whereol the one was fiUer, the Other Mother to ^//fAv!j.:^<-r the Great i'hus 
 much ccnccrnmg the woful and unhappy end of AUxMidr the King of * Efirtts. VVhofe * Albania, 
 fortune albeit was fuch, that became fliorr, and was cut off before he intermedied in the Ro- 
 man war, yet becaufe he warred in Ita/j^ let it fuffiie that briefly by the way Ihave touched his 
 liory. 
 
 The fame year was there a Le6fiflern at /:ow.'', (which was the fife after the fourdaion and 
 B building of ihat City) for the pacifying of the fame gods a^ heretofore, Afterwards^the new Ccn- 
 fuls by the ordinance and direition of the people, fent defiance and prodamed waracain!! the 
 Samnits. And as they themfelves made greater preparation every way than ugainll the Greeks fo 
 rhcyhad bcf.desnew aid.;, whereof (as then) they leafl thought of; 1 he Lucansand the Apu i^ns 
 f nations which to that day had no dealing nor commerce at nil with the Romans) becametheir 
 liegcand loyal Allies, offeringmen and munition toward that war. Whereupon they were by 
 lorm ot Covenant and leagueentertained and received into their amity. At the fame time nlio 
 the Romans had good fuccefs in the Samnits quarters : for three towns there yeelded unto them 
 and they became MaHers thereof, to wit, W/A/.», G«//,/>, Rufnum : all the territory bei'.dc"- at the 
 firit coming of the Conful, was pilled and fpoiled far and near. Thefe exploits thus profpcroufly 
 CJtchieved, the othercnterprizealfo of beficging the Greeks, was well followed and at the point 
 of anend, Forover and belides, that by certain fconces and bloccnzes between theenemies forts 
 and forces, onepartwascucfrom theother ; they endured alfo withintheir own walls, much 
 moremiferyand calamity,thantheenemymenaced and thrcatned without;andas if they hadheeci 
 captives to their own garrifonfouldiers, whom they had called to them for their defen.e, they 
 luffered infinite villanies, and indignities , in the psrions as wellof their wives as of their liidren, 
 and even the hardelt extremities, that follow upon Cities forced by the enemy. And theref^ore 
 when it was noiled abroad, that there were new fuccours coming irom Tarentum and the S^im- 
 nits : they fuppofed that for Samnits, there were already within their walls mere of tbcm than 
 they would^marry.asforTarertins they looked willingly for their help, as Grc'rk- bofh theone.?^ 
 D the other, hoping by their means thatthey might as well withRand the o'}tr.;j^esof the Samnits 
 and Nolans,as theRomans their open and profefled enemies. La(} of -ill of many inconvemen. ies 
 thatthey weredrivenuntOjthcleaU andtaiicR- was thought, toyecld 'imply nnto thcRrmais, 
 CW/7<«»/and A^/w/j^;-*^ two great men and the chiefe pcrron:if;,es of the City, havin" kidil.eii 
 heads and platted ore with the other lo parted the m-.tcsr between themfcives, that the one 
 fliould flie unto the Roman General, and the ocherff ay behind, to find feme opportunity, and 
 minifter ready meanes t>T render the City according to their dchgnment, Chxrilans was the nnn 
 who prefented bimfeli unto /^/jz/j, and laid into him, "To the j^,ood and happy fortune be \t\ 
 **• faid anddone of chePalacpolitans and thepeople of Rome-, I am determined to dclivu arid lur- " 
 "rendertheCityinio your hands: in whii h Ailionj vvhether I may be thouoht tohnve be- 
 E"trayed or faved my country, it re(!eth r.nly inthetrulf and fidelity of the Romany Asformy 
 " felfeprivatly, I am come neither to indciic. nor yet ro crave ought at all: but piiblickly inthe 
 "behaltoftheCity. I would ratherby way of petition reque(^, than article and capitulate, thus 
 "much, That it this enterprifeinrended, fpecd well and take effedt, the people of /J(j;;«^ would 
 " think and conhder, in whatatfedion, endevour and jeopardy, our City returneth again into 
 "their amity, rather than upon what folly and rafhncfs, it brake their allegiance and revolted. 
 Then, a'ter he had been bidden welcom by tlie General, entertained with good and gracious 
 words, and highly commended, he received :,ooo <ouldier?,to keep, furprize, and tofeize that 
 quarteroftheCity,wheretheSamnics werelodged, and which they held: ofthis- regiment and 
 garrifon,/., .Q;//>'r/«/ a Colonel had the condudit. Duringthis time, A//?wp/7/V«alfo did his part? 
 F and dealt fo craftily under hand with the Pretor of the Samnits, that 1 e induced and wrought 
 himtothispoint. That for as much as a'l forces, wereeither about P.i/xpjtis ov'm Sawfjium, he 
 would permit him with the fleet to calf about to the Roman coifts, for that he intended to for- 
 rage and warte, not only the maritine parts, but the territories alfo adjoyning to the City: and 
 the better todeceive theenemy (qi:oth he) Ihad need to goby nic-ht, and therefore the Ships 
 prefently muftlanch forth^and be kt .".flo.it.And to effedf this more lbcedil7,allthe youth of the 
 Samnits befides the neceffary garrifon of the City, was fent to the fhoar.Whcre whiles Nywphi- 
 w in the dark, and amongft the multitude that hindred one anotherpurpf)L-ly, fpent time in let- 
 ting confufedly, fome to this and others to that, Chdn/a'is, aa ording to the complot fet be- 
 fore, was by his alfociats received into the City, and having filled the higheft places ot the town 
 G with Roman fouldiers, commandedto fet up a fhout, where.uthe Greeks upon a fecret to- 
 ken given them by their Captains, kcptthcmielves (iill and quiet. The Nolans then, at the 
 b.ickfide of the town, efcapcd and fled by the high way, that ieadech lo NoIj. And the Sam- 
 nits being excluded out of the town, as they had a more readier niean to flie for the prefent, fo 
 they found it, after they were pafl danger, amorefliameful dilgrace. For, they were difarmed 
 andnakedmen, they had left all the good they had amon^lf the enemies, and returned home 
 fpoiled, poor and needy and fervedforalaughmg (tock andderihon, notonlyto other nations, 
 but alio to theirown neighbors and countrimen. Albeit I am not ignorant that there is another 
 
 Y 3 , opinion
 
 2a6 ^be Eighth Boal^o/T.Livius, 
 
 opinion, whereby it is given oHi that PaUpolis was by the Samnits betrayed : yet as I have ere- ^ 
 dited and followed herein luch authors, as me thinks it were hard if they fliould not deliver a 
 truth; for fol am induced the rather to beleeve that the Neapolitans returned into amity with 
 theRomans, becciule of the league extant in theirname(for unto them afterwards the State and 
 chief feat of the Greeks was tranflated.) Unto PMius was decreed a triumph, for that it appea- 
 red clearly and was believed conlhnily,thatby his fiege the enemies were tamedjand foconllrai- 
 ned to come to a compofition and furrender. Two fpecialfavours hapned to this man above all 
 others before him, namely, the prorogation of his government ^noc granted to any man aforetime; 
 and triumph after his MagiHracy was expired. 
 
 Upon the tail of this war,aroleanotherwiththeGreeksof theotherfra(5lorcoaft,For theTa- I 
 reniins having born the Palspolitans in hand a good while, and ted them with a vain hope of 
 help, when they heard once that theRomans were poflefl'edoftheir City, complained themfelvs 
 like menforfaken,and not as thofe who had forfaken others, much blamirgthePalapolitanSjand 
 with anger and envy raging againlt the Romans. Difquieted alio they were, for that news came 
 that theLucans and Apulians (for both thefe nations that year began to comrad alliances^ were 
 undertheprotedlionof the Romans. Fornow (fay they) they are well near come unto us, and 
 fiiortly we fhall grow to this pa\s,that we murt acknowledge the Romans for our Lords,or have 
 them our heavy friends. And verily the trial and hazzard of our ertate,dependeth only upon the 
 Samnits wari and the event thereof, which nation alone, and the fame nothing mighty, remaio'- 
 eth now ; fince that theLucans are gone and revolted to the Romans : who yet might be redai- K 
 med and moved to fliake ofFthe focicty with the Romans, if any feat were wroughtand pra(Slifed 
 to fow fomedifcord and diffention between them. Thefedevices and overtures took place and 
 prevailed with fuch, as were dehrous ot change and novelty: in fo much ascertain oftheLucan 
 youth Cbetter known, than truHed and reputed honelt, amongli their countrimen and fellow Ci- 
 tizens, hired alio tor a fum of money; whipped one another with rods, came naked into the af- 
 fembly of the Citizens, and with open mouth cried out aloud and faid, that for prelumingonly 
 to come into the Roman camp, they were by the Coff. thus fcourged, & efcaped narrowly the lo- 
 fing of their heads. The thing it feit piteous and unfeemly to behold, as bearing a ftiew rather of 
 wrong done unto them, than ofany malicious &fubtilpraw%.e by them intended,(lirred the peo- 
 ple up, to force their Magilkates with their unceflanc outiries to afiemble a Councel, Some Han- 1 
 ding round about the Senat in cooncel , call hard for war againft the Romans : others run up and 
 downtoraifethe multitude of Peazantstotakearms^and in this ftir and uproar, which was able 
 to difquiet and amaze even thofe that were well minded, a decree paffed ; that the league with 
 Samnits fhculd be renued,and Embafladors difpatched fsrthwith, to the fame purpofe.This was 
 a fuddenchange: and as it had no colour of caufejfo it carried fmal credit with it amongft the Sam- 
 nits, who foned theLucanians to givehoftagesand to take garrifons into their fortrefles : and 
 ihey-> blinded with anger.andmvegled with flattery, refufcd nothing. But fiiortly after began the 
 fraud to appear and fhewit felt namely, after that the authors and devil'ers of thefe falfe furmifes 
 and flander-, were retired to Ta rentum-^ni having put themfelvs out of all,and being not at liber- 
 ty to difpofe of their own affairs ehey had nothing elfe left them,but like fools to repent in vain. M 
 
 That year hapned to the Commons oi Rome another beginning of their iiberty,in thatthey were 
 no more either bound in chains, or held in thraldom by their creditors. Which priviledg againft 
 poor debtors, was altered, by occafion ofthe filthy luff andnotoriouscruelty of one Ufurer.And 
 L-P^ipiyius was the man unto whom C. Publim for his fathers debt,became bound, and configned 
 himfelfhis ptifouer; whole tender age and lovely favor which might and fliould have moved pity, 
 inflamed the mind ofthis Ul'urer to unkind luft and fhameful contumely: for making ful account, 
 that the prime and flower ot his youth fliould fatisfie and pay for the intereft of the debt, he firft 
 began to allure and entice unto him the youth with wanton &: unchaft fpeeches:afterwards teeing 
 that his e>irs abhorred to hear luch filthines,hefel to minatory words, & ever and anon put him in 
 mird ofhisprefent condition wherinheftood:butlaflofall,perceivingbyhimvthathefloodmore N 
 upon his honor and freedom by binh then refpefted his hard eflate by fortunCjhe caufed him to 
 beflripped naked and whipping chear to be prel'ented unto him. Thepoor ftripling thuspiteoufly 
 rent and torn,ran forth into the open ftreet,complained of the filthy luft Si cruelty of his creditor. 
 Whereupon, a number of people, enkindled as well with pity and commiferation of the ftripling, 
 and indignity of the injnry,asallb in regard oftheir own cal"e,and of their chiidrenrcame running 
 into the Forum ox commonplace and fo from thence in a long train to the court of the Councel, 
 The Confuls upon thi;; li:dden uproar were forced to calla Senat, and as the Senators entred into 
 the Councel chamber,they lay all proHrat at their feec,as they pafled by, one after another.&ftiew- 
 ed unto them the young mms back and fides in what taking they were. And that oneday,by oc- 
 cafion of the outragioiis enormity of one perfon,brakethe neck of that mighty bond,whereby> to q 
 that day, the creditors had their debtors, in danger unto them. For the ConlT. had in charge,to pro- 
 pofe unto the people, that from thence forward, noperfonwhatfoever, unlefshehad committed 
 tome heinous faff, and until he wcretofuffer therefore, fbould be either kept in fetters and gives, 
 orftretchedupon the rack. //cw. that for lent money, the goods of the debtor and not the body 
 fhould be obliged. So they that were in bondage, became releafed and enlarged : and order was 
 taken for the time to come, that none fliould beimprifonedby their creditors again. 
 The fame year, whiles the Samnits war of it felf alonejbefides the fudden revolt of the Lucans, 
 
 together 
 
 I
 
 The Eighth Bod\ofT, Livius. 2 47 
 
 ^ together with the Tarentins the hatchers thereofj held the Senators of Rome in care and per- 
 plexity enoui^h : behold over and above all thefejthe Vellin people, as a furcreale to their trou- 
 bles, joined and banded with the Samnits. Which new occurrencas/orthat year it rather main- 
 tained this diicoiirle amongft men in their ordinary talk every where, than miniltred caule of feri- 
 ous debating inpublickCouncel : I'o the Conluls ot the year following, L. f«r/«^C«w7/«/the 
 fecond time, and Juyi. Brutus Sccva^ thought no one thing more important than ic, and need- 
 faito be treated ot in the .'-•enat,with thefidf. And albeit the thing were but new and a breedint^ 
 yet fo greatly were the LL. hereabout troubled, that they feared no lels tobe^into take in hand, 
 then to neglecl it altogether, ind not to fee it •• doubting, leli il they were let "go unpunilhed, the 
 B neighbor nations wouid grow too luHy and proud : and again, if they ieemed to chaliiie them by 
 war the reli tor fear ot the like meafure, might be provoked to anger, take arms, and enter into a 
 general rebellion. And all, and every one of them, namely, theMarhans, the Pelignians and Ma- 
 riicins , were in teats ok arms comparable and equal to theSamnits every way:wbich nations they 
 might be lure to ha\e their enemi>;s, iftheymedled with the Veflins, and touched them once 
 never fo little.Howbeit, that part prevailed and took place, which for the prefenc, Teemed to car- 
 ry morecourageand valor, thenfageadviceandwildom: but the iffue and event fhewed, that, 
 Fortune favoured Fortitude. So the people by authority and direi^ion of the Nobles, decreed was 
 againlt the Vellins: the charj^e whereof li^ht by lot upon ^r«f/«, indS:im>iinmk\\ to Cnmilltis. 
 To both places were the armies conducted: and by the care and induUry employed in the defence 
 
 C ot the marches and tromiers the enemies were impeached tor joining their forces together.How- 
 beitthe (Zon[\i\ fnmfsCamiUus, who had thegreater and weightier chargelaid uponhim, fortu- 
 ned to fall grievoufly lick, and thereby could not follow the wars: who being commanded to 
 nominate a Didl:ator. for to manage and condail his affairs, declared the nobleft warriour ifi 
 thofedays, L, P. pinttt Car/or ■ by whom Q^. Fabias Rmt/t^Kus Wis named General of horl'emen, 
 a couple lurcly ofgreat name and highly renowned for their worthy a fts, atchieved in this their 
 government : but yet more famous and voiced abroad, by reafon of variance and dilcord which 
 fell between them ; whereby they grew well near to the utmoft learms of coutefling one ano- 
 ther in all extremity. The other Coniul warred with the Vellins many and fundry ways, but 
 evermore with like fortune and happy fuccefs, Forhe forraged and waded their country: and 
 
 P by piliing, riliins, and • urning their houfes and corn, forced them agninft their wills into the 
 field : and in one battel fo enfeebled and abated the forces of the Vellins (but not without blood- 
 fiied of his own men) that his enemies not only fled into their camp; but alfo as not tru(Hn<» 
 now to their ramparts and trenches, they were conBrained to rteal away into their towns, min- 
 ding for to fave themfelves, as well by the natural Situation of the places, as the (Irength of their 
 good walls. IntheendjhemadealTauk upon thofe walled Cities, pnrpofing by force to win them. 
 Andfiril he gained Cut ma by fcaling, either through theexceeding courage of his fouldicrs, or 
 their anger, being fo chafed as they were at their hurts received : for that Larcely one efcapcd out 
 ofthc throng and skirmifh, clear & not wounded. Thenhelikewile took 0«^/A<«: and give the 
 pillage of both Cities to his Ibuldiers. Neither gates nor walls couldftand in their way and keep 
 
 E them our. But into Samnmrn the journey was undertaken by the Diilator with doubtful Aufpices 
 and uncertain knowledge ofthe will of the gods. The default and terror whereof took not cffe6t 
 in the main event and iffue of the war, (for it was profperous and fortun.ue) but turned to the 
 rageandanger of the chief leaders, who fell out deadly one with another. Fcr F.!p;r;«/thcDidl;a- 
 tor, advifed by the PidUrius [that had the cullody and charge ofthe facred Pullets] went back to 
 ^(7w^ to take the ^«/jp;'c/«;^; [or the prefage by the bird-flight] again: and Hfaighrly charged his 
 General of horfe to keep himfelfclofe within his hold, and in no wife to give the enemies battel 
 during his abfence.Bur Fahinsdikzt the Diftators departure, advertiled by the efpials.that the ene- 
 mies were even as care!efs,as loofeand difordered,as if there had been no P.oman in S.t)t»ny.m ? 
 whether it were, that being a flout and luily young Gentleman^he took foul fcorn and thought ic 
 
 F an indignity, that all lliou Id I'cem to reft inthe Di6lator only: orthachevvas induced with the 
 good oppoirnnity of doing fome brave exploit (I wot not:) but he went forth vyith an army ia 
 order of battcl,to Imbrinmm^ (that was the places name) & there fonght a field with the Samnits. 
 But fuch was the happy iffue of this battel, that if the Dictator himfelf had been there in perfon, it 
 could not havebecn better managed. For, neither Captainfailedhisfoiildiers, nor fouldiers their 
 Captain. The horl'emen al'bimdcr theleading of L.C<7w;>?/«fa Colonel by his pla.e, (' whofun- 
 dry times charged and recharged again, and could not with force break the enemies arrays) un- 
 bridled Lhelr horles, and lb ran them all on the fpur ; that no lirength was able to abide them : 
 fuch ai) havo.k, fuch a lanem.idethey all about over armour and men. The foc)tmen fei:onding_ 
 thiUaot charge rifrhchnrfe advanced the enhgns againlf the enemies thus put indiiarny: and 
 
 Gtwency thou'andmen('byreport)\verethardayflain. In fome authors I find, thactwice inthe 
 Diitatorsabfen-.e he fought, and twice had the upper hand. But inthe moft andent writersi 
 readbutofone butel. In fomeChroni lesthe whole matter is puffed over and let out clean. 
 TheGeneral oftlichor'e ha', fngg-^ined a mighty mats of'poiK asotherwifche could not rhufe, 
 upon lb great a Qaughter & miff3cre:gathercdtoeether into one heap all tlie enemies armor made 
 a fire under,&- burned them : were it thathehadmide ibme I'm h vow to one of the gods : or(as I 
 lilf rather to 'lelieve ir was a motive r,' f./^-k: himfelt, that the Difta. fbonld not reap the fruit of 
 
 his "lory, -ind entitle his name iheretojor in pomp carry ihofe fpoilsbeiore him at his triumph. 
 ° ^ More-
 
 248 
 
 The Eighth Bool\ofT. Livius. 
 
 The Oration 
 
 CO hii tcllcv* 
 fuulvlicr«. 
 
 Interrcgsto- 
 rie» tendc-cd 
 by th« Dicta- 
 tor to J^ FflW* 
 
 Moreover, the letters of this vi6lory by him fenc to the Seme, andnotawotd thereof to the f^ 
 Dictator, were fome proof, that he was not wihing to impart and communicate his prailes with 
 him. But certainly, the Diftatcr took the matter inlo ill part, that when e\ery man elfe was 
 joyful for this noble viaory atchieved, he only ("hewed anger andfadnefsin his \ery counitnance. 
 VV hereupon fuddenly hedilTolvedtheSenat, anddeparttdingreat hail out of the court, ohicg 
 out and often iterating thefe words; Then hath ihemalkr of horfemen in deed as well everted 
 snd overthrown, both Diftaors Majelly and mihtary difcipane, as defeated the Samcits legiofis, 
 it Uccan{o go clear away and efcapecnpuciflied, with lo manifelt contemptof my cxprels com- 
 mandment " Whereupon, foil of threats and indignation, he halined to the camp, and took long 
 journeys :*ytt could he not prevent the bruit of his coming. For, there were Vaiui-rrricrs that I 
 polkd from ihe City before,tobring word that the Diilator was coming, full of revenge, and 
 fee upon panilhmenc, and at every fecond word almoll, commend ing the late exemplary jutii'.e of 
 'J'.MintiHs. T hen f<i,^/«jimmediatly calling an audience, befought the fouldiers, that with 
 what valour and \ertuethey had defended the Common- wealth from moll deadly and mortal 
 enemies, with the fame they would prcteft him from the outragious cruelty oi the Didbtour, 
 himfelfe (I fay) by whof:conducc and fortune they had gotten fo glorious a viaory. "■' Fcrnow, 
 '• coming he isfquoth he)for envy out of his right v\its, and behde himfelt: for arger at aii- 
 " other mans mar.hoodandfelicity,furious and horn-mad: and all is no more but this,that inhis 
 " abfen.e, forfooth, we ha\ e fped well i who wifLeth rather in his heart, if he could change the 
 " courfe of fortune, that the Samnits had won the viftory than the Romans : and nothing is fo K 
 '•rife in his mouth, as, That his commandment was contemned ; as whovvould fay, he torbad 
 '• not battel with the fame mind, wherein he now grieveth that we have fought. For as then his 
 ''will was good, even for very envy to hinder and fupprefs the prowefs of another, andwenta- 
 " bout to take weapons away Irommoti forward fouidiers,deiirous of fight, that inhisabfence 
 *'theymightnot lay handto theirfword : fonow,fee hew he'retcethandfumeth in great cho- 
 " !er at this, that without L. Pa^irius the I'ouldiers wer.; not difarmed, difmembred as it were, 
 "andmaimed: andforthac ^, F^^;«j- forgat not hisp ace, but bare himfelf as General of the 
 '^Ci'.alry, and not as a Servant and follower of the Difiucr, ftanding at receit, and waiting 
 " at an inch when fome under Captainfhip would fall, thuhe might (lep into the place. What 
 " would thisman (think ye) have aone, how would he have fretted, if(as the fortune and L 
 " doubtful chance of war oftentimes goeth) we had been put to the worfe ard loU the day ; who 
 "now that the enemies be vanquillied, the field fo well fought, the State fo weii ferved, asby 
 '" the mod fingularCaptain in the world, better it might not be, thus menaceth execution to me 
 " the General otche horfe, eveninthehonour of myconquell PNeither ishe (my ma(iers)cru- 
 " elly bent and let upon mifchief againft the General of the norfe morethen againll the Colonels, 
 " the Centiners and common Souldiers : nay, he would (be ye fure^ if he had been able, have ra- 
 '*ged and fared as bitterly, yea> and executed his ire and furious rage upon all. But becaufehe 
 '•cannot, now he dii.hargeth his gall upon me alone. For e\ en as envy, like a flaming fire, fear- 
 "chethandmountethup tothchighell, fo runneth he upon the chief Captain, and aimeth at 
 '' the head of this worthy exploit. If he had once extinguiflied him, together with the glory of M 
 " this brave fervice, then like a Conqueror and Lord over a poor captive army, whaiioever he 
 " might by law execute againlt a General of the Cavalry, he would attempt and extend, upon the 
 " fimple i'ouldiers. Make reckoning therefore, that inflandingfall to me and in defence of my 
 ** caufe, ye uphold the liberty of all. For in cafe hefhall perceive on(;e, the fame agreement of 
 *' the army in the maintenance of the vidlory, which was well feen in the battel, and that ye all 
 *' have a care and regard of the life and fafecy of one, his ftomack will come down, his heart wil 
 "relent and incline toclemency,anda milder fentence. To conclude, I recommend my life, and 
 whole eflate to your vertue and faithful protedtion. Then from all parts of the audience they cri- 
 ed unto him aloud 5c bade him take a good heart: for fo long as the Legions of the Romans were 
 fafctherefbou'dnoper'ondohimharm or injury. Soon atiercame theDidtator, and prefentlyN 
 by found of tiumpet fummoned a general afl'embly.And the publick Crier after an Oiez made,cal- 
 ledby n:. me for ^FijWf General of the horfe. Who fo foon as he was come from a lower 
 pLce where he was, and approached neerthe Tribunal, (then quoth the Diftator) "-I demand 
 " cfthee i^. f ■/-.»«/, ilnce that the rule of the Dictator is foveraign and highcftaboveall others, 
 " vvherennto the Confuls endued with kingly puilVance and government, do obey, yea. ScPrJctors 
 " creared with the fame authority that Confulsare;whether thou efleem it meet and right.that a 
 " General of horfe Oiou'.d he obedient to his commandment or no?I demand likewife, whether I 
 '' my feif knowing that I cook my journey and went from home with doubtful and uncertain jIh- 
 '•'■fpice^. ought to have put the mainliate of the Common-weal in hazzard againft theorderand 
 *' religious obfervation in that behalf ; and not rather, to go again to take new Acjpwia^ that I q 
 " migrvt adventure Scattempt nothing fo long as I ll ood in doubt of the grace & favor of the gods? 
 "And withal, this 1 demand, whether the General of the horfemen could be freed exempt.&dif- 
 " charged of that fcrnple of confcience, which checked and flayed theDiclator from execution of 
 " his charge? But what mean I to make thefe demands ?feeingthat if he had departed without 
 " faying oneword. yet thou fliouldft have framed thy opinion and applied thy mind according 
 *'totheinterpretationofmy wiland pleafure?Whyfayeft thou nothing? Anfwerme Ifay.Forbad 
 "I theeriote.^iprefly.iodo anything in my abfence? Forbad 1 not thee to fight with the enemies? 
 
 How
 
 The Eighth Boo{ofTAAY\us. i^g 
 
 A" How dirlt thou in contempt of my commandmenc, whiles our Apffcia were uncertaihe 
 "whiles our LonLien:es were unreloUed and with llruples troubled, aj^ainft Military cuHoms' 
 " and Itatuts, again;t c-.e dikiplin of our ancellors.and againfi the will and dired^ion of theoodi.- 
 " how durit chou, 1 lay, be lo hardy as to encounter with the enemy ? To thele interrooat^rie,'^ 
 '^makeanlwerdireaiy. Anfwer I (.h.irge thee, to all tbefe points, and nothing but theferandat 
 *' theperiiot thy .ife,nota wordbelidcs. Now come Serjeant and do thine ofli.e the while. 
 To vvhihletrAl Arti ic;, v^hcn FaLius could not readily arifwer point by po.flt, ore while com- 
 plaining that he had him for his acculer, who was the judge of his life and death: othtrwhiles 
 trying mitaloud, that fooner might his life be taken from him, than tlic glory and honor ot his 
 Bacts: c'ndas he juitihed andextuledhisown lelf, fohebeganagain to challenge and accufe [the 
 Diiftacor.] Then P.ip-nus being in more heat of choler than before, comma°hded the General 
 ofthehonemcn to be Itiipped out ot his cloaths and nncaftd, andtherod.'; and axestobe 
 brought forth ready. With that, f<?^//.'; calling earned Jy for the help ot the fouldicr?, w hi!cs the 
 officers were a tearing and renting his I loaths from his back, made means to retire himica' into 
 the ranks ot the riv..T/i, who began already to makeamutiny and uproar in the aflembly. Fiom 
 when.e there arofe an out ry o\ er aL the audience.Some were heard to inrreat^othe. s to threar. 
 They who tbrtnned to Itand next to the Tribunal, becaufethat being within the view and eye of 
 the Dictator they might be known and noted, befought his Majeiiy to fpare and pardon the Ge- 
 neral of the ho le, and not with nim to condemn the whole army. They that were fart heli off 
 
 C in the skirt of the aliembly, and eipe^^ially that croop and company about Fnbiu!-, rated and cried 
 out upon huh a rigorous and merJlefsDidator. And a little thing more woud have m:de them 
 mutiny: nay^ within the very compaals of the iribunalall was not clear and quiet. The Lieute- 
 nants or Colonels of whole legions, tiandirg about his feat or chair of Hate intreated him to put 
 oifthematter until the morrow : to giie his choler fome time to cool, and allow fp ace and re- 
 fpit toconuder of it with ad.i. e and c ounlel : faying/' That if Fahius had plaid a youthful pare, 
 *• he had paid (ufficienciy for it already, and his vidlory had received difgrace and diilionoui- e- 
 "nough. Bc.ee^ hinghim not to proceed to thele extremities of utmolf execution nor cofetfuch 
 "a brand and note o' ignominy and riiame upon the young Gentleman himfelf, lb rare and gal- 
 '* lent a Knight ; or on his father, a molt honourable and excellent perfonjge, nor yet upon'the 
 
 D '■' noble houfe and nameof the F^^/>. But when they fa w how little they prevailed by their pray- 
 ers, and as iittle by any reafons they could alledge ; then, they admonillied him to have a re- 
 gard to the furious aficmblyot the fouldiers: '-and that it was not for a man of his years and wif- 
 '*dom,thustoputmorefirctothehot ftomackof Souldiers enkindled already, nor to admini- 
 " Her more matter of mutiny : and it fuch a thing fhould happen,no man would impute the blame 
 " lo j^ Fd'tui, who fought and humbly craved pardon ofpunifnment, but to the Didatcr ; if he 
 ''ovcr.ome with choler, fhould blindly fot>r pafshimfelte in wilful peevifhnefs, as to provoke 
 " theoutragious multitude agtinli himfelf. Finally, that hefliould not think, how they laboured 
 " thus for any nffeflionatetavour they bare to Q^ Fahiiss ; but were ready to take an oath; thac 
 ''they thoaght it not fafe for the State and Common-weal that he fhould proceed at fuch a time, 
 
 E ' to e.vecure the rigor ofjulii e rponjQ_. f^/i/^z. By theleand fuch like femonltrances, when as 
 •' the Lieutenants had (iined up the Didator his blood againll themfehes, rather then pacified 
 his mood againll f.-^w, they were commanded to go down from the Tribunal. And whenas the 
 Crier had alTaicd to make (ilence all in vain, forthat by reafon of the noife and turr.ult , neither 
 thcDiditor hi: voice nor any of his apparitors and halberds about him, could be heard,the night 
 came upon them and ended thecontencion, as if it had been a battel in field. TheGeneral of the 
 horfe was commanded to ?ppe3r on themorrovv.Now when as every man gaveit out and avou- 
 ched unto him, that Paprit4s wou d proceed more vehemently, for that conceding of theLieute- 
 nants, and that themOre he wasdealt with3l,theworfehe was; F^hins privily dole out of the 
 camp and fled to Rome. And by the means of his father M, Fal^ias-, a man who had been alrL-ady 
 
 F thrice Conl'ul andDirtitor, the Senatwas called together immediatly. And as he was in the midli 
 ofhis grievous complaints before the Lords, touching the violenceand wrong of the Di^tuor, 
 all ofafudden, there was hcird beiorc theCouncel Houfe door, a great noife and hurrying cf the 
 Liilors whiles they made way and voided the prefs. And ro marvel ; fortheDi6fat:or himfclfe 
 was come with a revenging mind. Forfofoonas hehad heard how F^f-/«.f was deputed out of 
 ihecamp, h^ followed alter with his light hor.'einen. Then begin thebioil to be renued afrcfh, 
 and /'^p/V/«TC3Ulcd F^j/i/w/tobeattached.Whereupontheihief oftheNobilirv. snd the whole 
 body ofrhe Sen n began to enterpofe themfehes by way of mediation: but all their ihtrearynct- 
 withffnnding, he perliHcd Oil in his implacable anger. Then dept forth M.F ('■tt. theraher. 'For M.Vabluno 
 '• asmn'.hasfqd.he)neither the authority of the Senat nor mine old age,whom you leek to make thcDidaioiv 
 
 G " childlcfs nor \ et the valor & noble courage of the General of horfe.by your own fe'.f chnfen and 
 ' nominated, en prevail ; nor any humble prayers which are able to appcilc the *"ury oftbecne- 
 "•' my oftentinnF- yea; and topacifieche wrath and indignation ofchegod^ : f implore the la wlul 
 '■'■ hclpoftheTiihuns and tntiie whole body ofthe people I appeal.Andhncerhat ycu Lhallcnge 
 •■'and excpt agsinrtthe judgement of your own army, and of rheSenat, I offer and pre enc unto 
 '^ youihar jndae, whoonly isofmore force and puifTmce, 1 amiure, than your Diftatorfhip. 
 ■^'Iwil 'C3 whether yon will yeeld to this appeal, whereunto the Roman K\rsoTnll- H'fft:lttts 
 "gue pla.e.Then out of cheGouncel heufe they went ffraightto the Common place of audience: 
 
 and
 
 2 tfo ^/^^ Eight b BooJ\pfT. Livius, 
 
 and when the Diaator, attended with lomefew, was afcended up, and the General otthe ^^ |j 
 Cavalry accompanitd with alithe whole troopof thechiefofthe City, P*;i;W;/j commanded | 
 that he (hould .ome down or elie be f .uhed irom the Roftra,nnio the lower ground. The la- 
 ther followed after him. " Weil done (,quo:h he) in commanding us to he brought hither, from 
 " whenre we may be allowed to fpeak our minds, jfwe were no better then priv at perlons. At 
 the firft there paOed no continued fpeeches fo much, as wrangling and altercaiion.But afterwards 
 the voice and indignation of old F^j^/w, furmounted and drowned the othernoife- who greatly 
 blamed and tried o°ut upon the pride and cruelty of Vapinui. "■ What manfquoth he) I ha\ e been 
 •' alfo a Didlator of Rome my felf,and yet was there never fo much as a poor Commoner,no Ceii- 
 "turion, nor Souldier hardly entreated or mifufed by me. BvuVapinm lecketh viaory and tri- I 
 '« umph over a Roman Grand -Captain and Genera], as over the Leaders and Commanders of his 
 " enemies. See, fee, what difference there is between the government in old time, and this new 
 " pride & cruelty of late diys.Quimius C!rtci>j?}atusiDiStitoxioT the time.procccded no farther in 
 " punifhment againlt y1//««r;w^,when he was fain to deliver him. lying enclofed &; beheged with- 
 "inhisowncamp, but to leave him as a Lieutenant in Head of Conlul, in the army whereof he 
 <' had cbarse. M, Turius CitmillHs-, not only for the prefent tempered his choler toward L. Fun- 
 *'n»/, who in contempt of his old age and authority, had fought moll untowardly and with 
 *' diflionor in the end ; and wrote nothing to the people or the Senat but well, of bis CoUegue : 
 " but alfo being returned, made a fpetial reckoning of him above ail the Tribuns confular, whom 
 "alfocfallhiscohegues, when as hehad the choice granted him by the Senat, he ekaedto beK 
 " his coadjutor in the charj;e ot his government. Neither the people veriiy, whofe power is So- 
 *' veraion over all, were ever more angry againlt thofe, that through rafhnefs and want of skill 
 " loftwholearmies, than to fine thetn^t a lum of money. For the lofs and mifcafriage of any 
 *' battel, that a General flionld be brought into queBion and anfwerfor his life, was never heard 
 "oftothisday. And now, rod? and axe^ whipping and beheading, areprcpared for theCom- 
 " manders under the people of /vo»-*, ard thofewhoare conquerors and havedefervedmott juft- 
 *'ly triumphs; which by no law can be oikrcd to thofe that ha\ebeen varquiQied. What elfc I 
 '*■ pray you) fhould my fon haveendured. ir he had beaffly fuffered the field to be loft and his ar- 
 •'my withal? If he had been difcomfited, put to flight, and driven clean out ot the field, how 
 •^ far forth further would the Diaator his ire and violence have proceeded, than to fcourge L 
 " and kill ? And fee how fit and feemly a thing it is that the City for the viaory of ^ Fabmsy 
 " fhould bein joy, in proceffions tothe gods, and thankfgivings, with congratulation and feaft- 
 " ingone another:andhehimlelfby whofe means the Temples Rand open^the Altars fmoak with 
 " incenfe and facrifice, and are neaped up again with vowsjobhtionsjsnd offeiings,to be ftripped 
 "naked^io be whipped andtoru inthef.ght of the people ot i^owfjooking uptotheCapitoland 
 " the Caflle. lifting up his eys lo the gods upon whom in two fuch noble battels he called and in- 
 'VvocatedjHot in vain nor without good and hsppy fuccefs? With what heart will the army take 
 " this,which under his leading and ondua, and under hisfortunc,3tchieved viaory ? Whatla- 
 *' mentation wii there bein the Roman camp and whatrejoycing on the other fide amongft rhec- 
 " ncmiesPThus fared thsgood old lather thus jkaded heby w.iy ofexpoHuIation and complaint, M 
 calling upon God and man for help, and withal embraced his fon in hisarms, and fliedmany a 
 tear. "On the one fide,there made with young Fc'hiits^znd took his part, themajefty and coun- 
 *' tenance of the Senat- the fai our ,md lo\e ofthe people the afliilance of the Tribuns,.ind there- 
 " membran'-e ofthe army abfci.c.G!" the otherfide were allcdged againil him by Vapiriiis..i\\z in- 
 " vincible goveinm.ent snd Empire cithcpecpleof^cwe.tbedifcipline of warfare- theDiaators 
 *' commandmert(obfervcd andrescrcn.ed at all times.nolefs then the Oracle &wil ofthe gods) 
 " the fevcre edias of ylV.;;;/.'«j. vhoiefatherly love and affeaion tb his dear fon was fet behind the 
 *' fervice and common good of tnc State. Alfo it was alledged,that the fame exemplary jnftice, L. 
 " 5r«f7« thefirfl tounder ; frbeRonvn liberty., executed in his two fons:and now mild and kind 
 " fathers, indulgent and fond Oid men jn the cafe of contempt of other mens commandmert,give N 
 " liberty to youth, and pardon as a 'malm.nter .the overthrow ot military difciplin.Howbeit,he 
 " for his part would perhfl inhispurpo'eftill, norremit one jot ofcondigne punifliment tohim, 
 " whocontrary to his commandment and norwithllanding the trouble and confufion of religion, 
 "and ihc doubtful Anfp-ci^i.hjA given barrel, faying, That as it was not in his power to abridge 
 ''any jot themajeflyot that State and Lmpiie/or beingeverlafling:fo,L.P/t;).T/«nvou]ddiminifh 
 '' naught ofthe authority iherofwifning.Thar neither the Taibunspuiltancefacred and inviolable 
 " in it feif fiiouldhy theiroppo^tion?i irtcrpofmgot their negative voice.,violate the Empire of 
 *• .Row?: nor that the people of .^;!;,'>;ff, fliould in him above all others abolifh and cxtinguifh both 
 "Diaator and Diaatorliiip. Wliich if it did, the poftcrity hereafter fliould lay the weight and 
 "blame (ail hough in vain) not inL.P</;)/W«.f, but in the Tribuns, and in the perverfe judgment q 
 *^ of the people : when as t! t military difcipline being once polluted and (lained, neither fouldier 
 *' would obey the Centurion; commandment.nor the Centurion the Co onels, nor Colonel the 
 *' Lieutenant nor Lieutenant the ConfuIs,r>or yet General ofhorfe, the Diaator :whi'es no man 
 " hath regard a d reverence either of men or ofgods ; no Edias of Diaator, no flight of Birds 
 " obfcrv^d ; but that withourpafport, the fouldiers may wander and rove, eitherin their own 
 *' ground or the enemies land, and un mindful oftheirfacred military oath, m>ay cafliier anddif- 
 'charge themfelvs from fouldiery^through a licentious liberty of their owijjwhenfoever they lift 
 
 leaving
 
 The Eighth Boof^ofT, Livi us^ . 2 < i 
 
 A*' leaving their enligns and colours not attended, not meetingat fummons, notrepairirm to the 
 '' Rendezjvous^ according to proclamation : without all diicretion, making no difterence whether 
 - " they skirmiih by day or night, on even ground or uneven, with advantage or difadrantsge,with 
 "diredion, or without; obiervingno lignalsand watch word, no array. In ium, the whole courle 
 " ot'milit3ryfervii.ehenLetorth,bhnd,ralb, and inconhderace, akerthe guile of robbing, to Itand 
 * and gocurrani for lokmnand facred vvarlare. Withtheie trimes and abfiird inconveniences 
 "(O yeTribuns^ i-hargedyou mulibe tothe words end: lay down you muli, and gaoe 
 '•your own lives for the audacious dilobedience of i(. Vabtus^ for whom ye are now an- 
 " fwerable.TheTrib. were alionitd hereat,and for ihemieUesnow, r;.ther careful and perplexed, 
 B than for him who had rcLourfe unto them tor refuge and fuccor. But the general conent of the 
 people of Rome^ turning to prayer and intieaty, ealed them of this heai y load and brrden : and 
 with one voice humbly belought the Dirtator, to remit the punirnmert of theGeneralofhorfe, 
 forthcir fake. TheTribuns aifo,fecingthat was the way, andallencliningnndgrowin? to Petiti- 
 on, followed after, and did the like ; earneHly beleeching the Diilator to forgive thi-; human 
 fragility, and youthful folly of ^. Fabms-, faying, 1 hat he had futfl'red chaliifement enough. Then 
 the young man himfelf, then his father //.£.(/)/«/, forgetting ail firife, and laying afide debate, 
 fell down at theDiflator his feet, and befought him to appeafe his wrathful difplealnre. Hereup- 
 on the Diftator after filence made, '' Yea mirry (quoth he) O Qj_fitices, this Iflike well, and thus 
 '^ it fhould be ; now hath military difcipline got the vii^ory, now hath the majefty of yonr Em- 
 
 C *'pire prevailed indeed, which lay both a bleed ng, and were in hazzard to have been abolilhed 
 "and overthrown for ever, after this day. Q^. Fahtus is not acquit of his offence, in that he fought 
 " againlt his foveraigns commandment : but being thereof convi6led and cart, is forgiven nay, is 
 *' given rather to the people o^RomeSinA the Tribuns power, whole afl1'lan:e and helois granted 
 *'fortheirinftant prayers, andnotofduty. Well,Rife up ^. f,z^/«/and live,amoreh3ppy mail 
 ''forthisagreementoftheCity in thy defen.e, than for that viftory, upon which erevvhile thou 
 *' barellthyfelfefo bravely. Live (I fay) thou that haft been fobo'd to commit that fad, which 
 *' thine owntather here, ifhe had been in L. AT^ir/W his place, would never have pardoned. And 
 " as for me, into my grace and favour thou maylt come aoain , at thine own will and plealure : But 
 <' to the people of Rome, to whom thou art beholden and obliged for thy life, thou fKalt perform 
 
 D ''no gre.!terduty and feriice than that the example of ihisdays work may be a teaching !?nd war- 
 " ning to thee for ever, to obey, as well in waras in pea.e , all lawfulcommands of fuperiour Ma- 
 *'gi(irates. Alterthat he had pronounced the pardon oftheGeneral of horfe.ahddifcharged him 
 of the Court, and was departed himfelf out ofthe common place ot audience, the Senat joyful and 
 highly contented, and the people much more, came all about them, and on the one f-de bidding 
 jov to the General ofthe horfeaforefaid, ancjon the other lide giving thanks tothe Diftator, 
 followed after, and accompanied them both : and it was generally thought that milit.iry govern- 
 ment was no lefs confirmed and eft ablifhed by this peril and d.inget only ot young .^f <i^/«;,then 
 by the late piteous execution of young Attnlius. 
 
 By chance that year fo fell out, that as often as the Didator abfented himfelf from the Army, 
 
 B fo olten the enemies rofe and raifed troubles in Samniiim. Howbeit, the frefh example of^F^- 
 biui was ever iti the eye of/T^/''.-r/cr/»«,Lieutcnant General and Go\ernor of the camp, whotear- 
 ed as well the dread wrath ofthe Didator, asanyviolent attempts ot his enemies whatfoever. 
 Infomuch,as when purveioursfor corn being entrapped by an ambufh vvereflain,in a place ofdif- 
 advantage ; commonly it was thought and beleeved that they might have been by the Lieutenant 
 refcucdand faved, but for fesr of thefe rigorous and terrible edidls. For anger hereof, the Diifator 
 loft the hearts ofthe fouldiei's, who were already malecontent, t'orthat he was fo inexorable in 
 thecaufeof C{. F^^;>«,and had denied them that, at their inftantintreaty, which afterwards he 
 yeelded unto and pardoned, at the fuitand requeft ofthe pcopleof/Jowf. The Dii\ator,after than 
 he had left for the government of the Ciry L. P^pimu Crajfus the General of horfe, difchareed 
 
 F ^ F*t^/«/,and forbidden him to adminiCler any thing by vcrtue of that office, returned intoThe 
 camp. Whofe coming was neither very welcorne and joyful tohisown countrimenthefouldi- 
 ers, nor yet ftruck any terror in his enemies the Samnits. For, the next morrow, were it, that 
 they knew not that theDift.itor was come, or little cared and weighed whether he were pre- 
 fent or abfent, they approached the camp in order of battel. Howbeit. that nne man, L.Papf- 
 r/'«/theDiftator was of uch valor and importan e, that ifthe loieof the fouldiers had fecon- 
 ded the policy and fageconduft of their Commander, the war with Samnits had that day been 
 quite difp.it.; hed and ended, palt all peradventure , fo skilfully fee he the batrel in array, fo waiily 
 chofe he his ground of advantage fo Hrengthned herhe fame with fiipplies out of the reregard, 
 in all war'ikeskil and hncutarpoli'. y. But the fonidiersf.iiied for their parrs and went coldly to 
 
 G their nnfines even of purpofe th ittbe valiant and' ommendablcp3:ts ofthe Captain might be 
 difi rediredanddeprned ; and forhei idory was mu h hindrcd and impeached. Howbeit mmy 
 of the Samnits were fl 'in; and in exi h-nge asmany ofthe Ro rans hurt. But he like a wire nd 
 expert Capt,iin toon pert ei'-cd, what wasthe caufeih.nftiyed the vidory. He faw wel trough, 
 that he was to temper his owhnarure ^nd to allay that feverity of his within mildnel's and • o"r- 
 tefie. And rheretore taking wi'h him the Li'-uten,mts himfelfinperfon went about to iftthe 
 wounded foldiers, putting his heid into their t nts S; Rabbins. asking each one how they did; h t- 
 ged the Lieutenants, Colonels^Pxovoll-MarQialsjand other officers ofthe camp^to tend and look 
 
 unco
 
 252. 'T^f^^ Eighth BooJ\ofT» Livius. 
 
 unto the fickfoddiers, recommending their care unto thena particularly by name. This beino arj 
 thinginitfelfpopul.-.r, he handled and ordered with I'uch dexterity ; that by curing their bodies 
 their minds aire and hearts were much fooner gained and reconciled to their Genenl. And no- 
 thing made more for the ipeedy recovery of their health, than their thankful acceptation of that 
 careand diligenre ofhis. When he had thus refreftied and repaired his army, heencoumred 
 once again the enemy with affurcd hope of himfelf and his fouldiers, to obtain a final vi(ftory; 
 andfo difcomfitedandput them to flight, that the Samnits after that day, durR never fiohtacain 
 with the Diilator. Then ihe viftorious army marched, as any hope of booty and pilla °e "ui^cd 
 anddirefted them: and as they overran their enemies country, they found no force nor rehfiance 
 either in open fbevv, or covert :'.mbii(li. This alfo encouraged them the more, and cheered their I 
 heart?, for that tl eDidatorhadby proclamation given away the whole fpoil amono the foul- 
 diers : fo that their privat gain whet them on againft their enemie, no lefs then the common an- 
 ger and publick quarrel. The Samnits tamed and fubdued by thefe loffes and overthrows, fued 
 10 the Di£lator for peace : with whom they capitulated, and made offer to allow unto every foul- 
 dier one livery, and the full wages of one year. But being commanded to go to the Senat, they 
 made anfwer, That they would accompany the Didator, recommending and putting' their caufe 
 and whole eflate to his faithful proteftion, tohisvertue andgoodnels°only. Thufthe Army 
 was withdrawn from the Samnits, theDiftaior with triumph entred the City: and when he 
 would have refigned up the Didatorfhip, the Senac ordained, That before he save over, he 
 ftiould create Confuls. So,c:.5////).'f/«;£.o,7^»^ thefecond time, sad Q^ JEmyltus Sretaatu were K 
 eleded. 
 
 The Samnits not havlngconcluded peace, (for that they varied about the conditions and were 
 to treat farther thereupon)yet brought with them from the City oiRome, truce for a year Which 
 they obffrved not faithfully : fo loon were their ttomacks up again to make war ,after they had in« 
 telligence,that Papirius was out of government. Whiles C. SKlpnius^&nd Q^&myltus(oi Aulmt 
 as fome Chronicles have) were Confulsjbelidesthe revolting of the Samnits, there arofea new 
 war alfo from the Apulians. Both ways was there a power fent.5«/;,;ri«/ his lot was to 00 aoainfl 
 theSamnits,and ^rA^/w againft the Apulians. Some write, that upon the Apulians themfelves 
 no war was made, but conrrariwife, that the confederate States of that Nation were defended 
 from the violence and wrongf efthe Samnits .Howbeit,ihe low eftate of the Samnits.at that time L 
 hardly able to maintain and defend themfelves, makeih it more likely and credible, that the A- 
 pulians,wcrenot warred upon by them, but that the Romans made war with both Nations at 
 once. But no memorable aft or exploit was there performed:only the Apulian countrey.and Sam- 
 mum was wafted : and the enemies no where at all to be found, but at Rome there hapned a fcare 
 bynight, which raifed every man fofuddenly out of their firftfleep, andfo affrJohtedtheCitv 
 thatpreiently atone inftantthe Capitol and the Caftle, the Walls and Gates were full of armed 
 meti. Andwhetias from all places , there was running , and crying alarm, the morrow mornin«r 
 at the break ct day, there appeared neither author, nor caufe of this fear. ° 
 
 ThefameycartheTuftulans were judicially convemed before the people of ^m*? by procefs 
 ="9,f'^f^^y ^j^'^ '^"; " {"''"" P^,^^^"^''- This M. FUvius, Tribun of the Commons, exhibited M 
 a biil of Endiftment to the people that fome punifhment might be inflifted upon the Tufculans • 
 For that through their affniance and Counfel , the Veliterns and Privernats had taken arms a^'ainfl 
 thepeople o'iKome. TheTul'.ulans with theirwives and children reforted to Rome Which^'mul- 
 tiiude having changed theirapparrel, and clad in poor array and habit, as prifoners at the bar 
 went about from Tribe to Tribe, falling down upon their knees to every man Whereupon pi- 
 ty prevailed more to obtain pardon of punifliment, then the goodnefs of their caufe to the pur- 
 ging of^their guilt. So all the Tribes except Pollta, difanulled and made void the Endiftment a- 
 forefaid But the lentence of the Tribe Pallia was, That as many as were of age and under^'rown 
 to wit,fourteen year old and upward, fliould befcourged and put to death. /r^»;,that their wives 
 and children, by martial law, Qiould be fold in open port-fale. And for certain it is reported that N 
 the Tulculans took lo deep an anger againft the authors of fo hard a cenfure and cruel doom 'that 
 they have carried it in mind even to our fathers days. For in defpite thereof no Candidate oc 
 Competitor for an office of the Tribe PoW^, was ever wont to get the voices of the TribeV^- 
 ;rj^. The year following, whiles ^.F.v^w and L. f/./w»/ were Confuls, A Cornelius Arv^- 
 «.jDiftator, and yl/.f^^«/^;,,^ry?,;/ General of horfe, having taken a flraighter levy of foul- 
 diers then ordinary, for fear ofa greater war in 5^»;«/«w (for it was reported that the whole 
 manhood and flower oftbe youth wcrerakenup and waged out of the countries adjoininaMead 
 forth a goodly and puilTant army againPr the Samnits. But they pitched their camp focarellfly in 
 the enemies "round, as it the enemy had been far off: and the Samnit legions came on a fud- ^ 
 den fo proudly that they fet forward the trench and rampart, and Encamped tlofe to the Corps Ci 
 de<rardo^ the Romans. Howheit the night approached fo fafl, that they were hindered for af- 
 S P^'^^^'T: b« they gave it out plainly, theywoulddn irthe morrow after by day licht 
 The Didluorfenngthathemnll fight neerer than he expeffed or hoped; for fear leff "the 
 Uraiohtnefsand cii!adv3ntageofthe ground, might prejudice and hindenhc valour of his foul- 
 diers, leaving fire^tinckburn.np in the camp, forto difappointthefightof the enemies, inihe 
 ttill night with fi I'rnce leade h for h his legions : but yet could he not for the neernefs of their 
 camp elcapej but be efpied ofthem. The hotfemea forthwith followed upon them in the tail. 
 
 and
 
 Tl^e eigth Boo{ ofT. Li vius. 255 
 
 A and preded brd upon the army in their march, yet in fuch fore , that before it wa? day , thev 
 would net fight, nay, the very footmen were not all idued out of the camp before day li^ht Ac 
 length when it was broad day, the Horfemen adventured to charge upon the Romans^an'd partly 
 by playing upon the tail of the hiDdmoft,and partly by skirmifhing in places that were hard to be 
 paikdovtr, they hindred their march and kept them behind. In the mean while their Infantery 
 alio ove. took the Cayairy, lo as now the Samrits with all their forces came upon them The - 
 Didatoree^ng he could not go farther without his great lofieand difadvantage, commanded his 
 men to fonuyeven in th.t very place where he flood: but forafmuch asthllight Horfemen of 
 his enemies vvereovxrfpred ail about, they could not pod.bly go to provide flakes to make a para- 
 pet orrampier,nor bcgm tocafl a trench. When he perceive(J therefore thathe neither could "o 
 
 B forward, norhayanci fortihe, he removed all bis baggage out of the ranges, and fet his men in 
 Dactel array.^ The enemies do the like, and were not behind either in courage or in forces But 
 this molf ot all heartned and encouraged them, for that they being ignorant that the occafi'on of 
 the enea^.ics retreat was the difadvantage and flraightnefs of the place, prefumed that they did it 
 upon fear ; and therefore they in terrib:e manner followed after them, as if the Romans had fled 
 and been nftnghted. And even that for a good while held the fight in doubtful ballance, aibeic 
 the Samnits now a long time had not been uied to abide fomuch as the firfl fhout of the Roman 
 srmy when they give thecharge. B,.jt verily that day, from the third hour unto the ei?ht, it is 
 
 u ?^L^""'' ^-^o^ ^° equal » f^ indifferent, that neither the fliout and cry was redoubled, ^'°'^, "'"- °^ 
 nor heard the/econd time , atter it • /as once let up at the firfl buckling : nor the enfigns were let tz ZZ. 
 
 ^ to. ward, or withdrawn backward, but remained where they firfl were : nor yet of any part were umlhwoafttr 
 they leen CO retire orgoback,buievery man in his degree and place, bending forward and prefllna "con. 
 with his fliield, withj ut breathing or looking back, flill fought a-front : the fame noifcone re- 
 lolutioncodieorhghc it out, and not to give over before utter wearines or darknight Now 
 began the flrength ot men to fail, now the fpear point and edge of the fword, began to turn and 
 iole their tone and now the Captains ihemfelves wereto feekforcounlel and what to do: By 
 whnt time all at once the Samnits Horfemen , hearing that the cariages of the Romans vVith one 
 only Cornet vyere gone a good way ofF from the armed fouldiers, without any other o„ard and 
 fortification ; tor gieedmels of ipoil kt upon them. Which when a meflen^er in orea"t hafl and 
 fear reported to the Diaator ; Let them alone (quoth he) let them eiKum^er thJlufelves with 
 
 D the ipoil, and fpare not. Then came others one after another, windlefs with runnin", crvin^ ouc 
 and faying, that all was gone: and that every where the fouldiers goods were rifled, ranfacked 
 and carried dean away. Whereupon he fent for the General ofHorfemen, See ye not ^quoth he) 
 O M.fabjtis, thebattei abandoned of our enemies Cavalry ? They fland flill and are encumbred 
 and peflred with our cariages. Now therefore charge upon them, disbanded as they are, (which 
 Ulually hapneth to any multitude, bufy in pillage) find them you fliall (no doubt) few on Horfe- 
 back, and as tew with weapon in hand: and whiles they are loding their Horfes withfpoil, kill 
 them unarmed, and make it a bloody booty to them , and let them buy it full dearly : as for me, 
 Jet me alone with the charge of the legions and footmen ; have you the honour of theHorle- 
 
 ^ mens fervice. Then the Cavalry ranged into a Squadron, as exquificly and skilfully as pofllbly 
 
 '^ might be , ran forably upon the enemies dilarraied and clogged with cartage , beatin" them 
 down, and making a milerablC malTacre of them in every place. For being (as they were)°amon<^ 
 packs and fardels which they cafl from them fuddenly , and now lay againfl their feet to flumble 
 on as they fled, and in the Horfes way, that were amazed and affraid, they were not able well 
 either to flie or to fight , and fo were flain. When as the enemies Cavalry were thus defeated 
 and welneeraH come to naught, then Af, frf^/«x wheeling about his wings of Horfemen, for to 
 fetch a compals, fet upon the Infantry at their backs : Whereupon arofe a new fearful cry, which 
 caufed the hearts ot the Samnits to tremble and quake. The Diaator withal, feeing the formoft 
 oftheencmies fighting in the front, looking back ever and anon, their cnfign? out of order and 
 all their battalion; waving and floting to and fro; called hard upon hisfouldiers, and exhorted 
 
 T them to fightlnfliiy: cried unto the Colonels, the Sergeants of Bands and Corporals feverally by 
 name, to re-en:harge and renew the battel again with him. Thus with a frefli and new fliour, 
 they advance the Standards, .ind fet forward the enhgns :and the f.ircher they march on,the more 
 perceived they the enemies to be troubled, and in dilaray. And now by this time, the Horf-men 
 alio were within the fight of the formoft in the vanguard : and Co-n:cnw looking back to the 
 bands and comp^inies ot his footmen, making fign with hand and with voyce^as well ashe 
 could, fhevved and made demnnflration unto them,that they l^iw the colours and targets of their 
 own fellow Horf^^men. Which when they once heard, and law withal ; prefently as if they ha^ 
 foigot the battel which they endured almofl a whole day, and felt no fmart of their wounds,they 
 beflirred themfelves againil the enemy as lul-,iiy,as if they had newly coine out oftheir cents, frelK 
 
 fe and m heart, .^nd Teen but now thefign-il, and heard the found of trumpet, to a butel. Now v/ere 
 theSpmnir<;no on^erabletofuilain the terror of the Horfemen behind, and the violence of the 
 footmen betort : but were either flain in the mids between, or fcnttered abroad in flishr. Such as 
 
 j ftayed nnd were en. ironed about, the footmen flew: thofcwhofled were trodden ii^der the 
 
 , HorV feet and killed : among whom. theCerieral himfelf left his body onche earth. This bat- 
 tel ahpve all otlier , fo quelled and daunted the hearts of the Samnits :.nd crufhed their forces, 
 that m all their Diets and Councels they mutcerered and gave out , That it was. no marvel chat 
 
 Z they
 
 254 ^^^ ^^f^^l^ Bool^ ofT, Livius. 
 
 they fped fo ill, inall their affairs of arms, the quarrel was fo bad and urgodly, and the warbe- pf 
 out! fo contrary to a covenant ot trucCjand having the very Gods,and that jutily,more againll them 
 and oreater enemies than men: and that luch a war muft needs coftfome great ovcrchrow, and 
 mioht not be expiat without fome notable fatisfaiVion. Here only was the difficulty and diffe- 
 rence, whether vengeance and puniihmentfhould be taken ot the guilty bloud of fome few, or 
 theguiltlefsbloud ofall. And even then, fome there were, ihatdurtf nominate the very authors 
 of this war. And one fpecially, to wit, Brutultts Papim, whofe name was by the common voycc 
 andconfenc heard abo\e all the reft. A noble and mighty man he was, and without que(lion> the 
 principal breaker of this laff truce. ThePretors being enforced therefore, to determine as touch- 
 ing him what was to be done; at length decreed,That5r«f«/«i Papias (hould be delivered to the I 
 Romans, and that together with him, all the Roman pillage and their prifoners Hi ould befentto 
 Rome •■ and that of all the goods , unto which according to the covenant and compofition, the 
 Fecialslaid claim, there fhould, according to rightand equity, refticution be made. Then were 
 the Heralds , by vertue of the decree , fent to Rome > together with the deads corps oiBratif 
 lus-- for he to avoid fliame and punifhment, wilfully killed himfelf. It was thought good, that 
 with his body all his goods alfo,fhouki be delivered. Howbeit none of all thefe things but only 
 the captives, and whatfoever could juftly be owned out of the booty , was received : all the relt 
 wereoffered,but in vain, for nothing was accepted. The Didtatorby vertue of an att of iheSe- 
 nat, triumphed. Some write that this war was fought by tf'e Confuls, and that they triumphed 
 over iheSamnits : and that Fabitts alfo went forward into Apulia^iad from thence brought away K 
 great and rich prizes. But without all controverfie^.Cor^^/. was Diflator that year: thisonly ' 
 was the doubt , whether he were created for the condu(il of this war , or at the Roman games 
 [Circenjes^ (becaufe L.Cautius hapned to be grievoufly fick) to give the fignal when the chariots 
 andfleeds fhould be let oat of the Barriers to run the race for their prize: and that having done 
 that funftionofacharge (I wis not worth the remembrance) he fhould leave his Didlators place. 
 It is not an eafy thing to prefer either one matter, or one author before another, I fuppofc ra- 
 ther for my part, that the record and memorial of thefe matters hath been depraved and corrupt- 
 ed, by thefe funeral Orations of praifes, and by thefe counterfeit and falfe titles of images : whiles 
 every houfe and family draweth to it, the honour and renown of noble exploits,martial feats,and 
 dignities, by any untruth and lie, fo it be colourable. And hereupon , furelyitis, that both the L 
 deeds of particular perfons , and the publick records and monuments of A(9:s, are confounded: 
 neither is there extant any one writer, who lived in thole dayes, upon whomj as a trwe and cer^ 
 tain author, we might ground, and refl our felves. 
 
 The Ninth Book 
 
 Of the Hiftories ofT. Livius of Padua, from the Foundation m 
 
 of the City of Ftomc, 
 
 The Breviary of L. Fkrw "pon the Ninth Book. 
 
 Titus Veturius/fw^Sp.Pofthumius Confuls, having engagedtheir army fofar,yf>ithi»the Gullet 
 orjlretght of Caudium, into a place of great difadvantage, that they had no means nor hope to get 
 forth again, fell to cf.pnulation with the Samnits, and com founded with them : and after they bad deli- 
 veredimto them 600 R»ma» Horfemen for hojlages, they went away with the refi of the army, but fo-, 
 as they mere forced all of them to p-^fs jhamefu Uy under the gallows, 7 he fame Confuls {even by the I*? 
 motion of one of them, Sp. Pofihumius, whoperfwadedthe Senate that by rendring cfthofe into the ene- 
 mies handset hrough whofe default fo fliameful and ignominious a covenant tvas conciudcdytheCity miqht 
 he delivered and difchargedofthepromifegivenin thename thereof ) with two Tr i buns of tht Com- 
 mons-, andas many befides as hadfnbfcribedto theforefaid accordand agreemeat^ nere fent and yeeld d 
 to the Samnits : buttheym'ght not be received. Not long after ■> Papirius fnynameelCurf r, dcf .-j-d 
 the Samnits-and put them likewife under the gallows : and recovered again thefe 600 Royn^in Horf »»••» 
 aforefaid, that were left for hofiages. By which means, the (hame anddifgrace of the former heaflli j, cl 
 was cancelled and itbolifhed. Two Tribes were addedto the refi, UkmWi. and¥AkliD3. New inhabi- 
 tantswerefent to people Sueffa^w^ Pontile. Ap. Claudius being Cetifor, bromht a chanelsfw :ter to 
 the City, called of his name Chudh: and paved the highway, named after him likowife, h^^'u. He Q 
 adrnitted alfo into the rangeofSenatorsthefonsofLibertins. But forafmuch Oithis ftate anddtgree 
 cf Citiz,e»s-,feemedas it werepoUutedwith thefe unworthy perfons among them, the Confuls of the year 
 following, in the review of the Senators, and chufing new, held themf elves to tht order that other Cenfors 
 next before had 'ferved. Thu book^ conteineth moreover the profperous wars airainfi the A puliansjTuf- 
 cans.Ummans,Afarfiant,Pelignians,vStjuians.afjd Samnits : with whom wot renewed the ancient lea- " 
 gue and amity, Flavius the fcribe or notary , the fon cfa Libertin or enfranchifed Roman , was made 
 t/£dde Curule , by the fa^ign oft he baft commtn people, ffhtch faSHo», becaufe it troulled and dff' 
 
 quteted
 
 The ninth Book, ofX, Li vius. 2 s S 
 
 A 
 
 c] uietediill the ajfemblies for EleElions, the whole Court in Mars field, whereiyi they iare a rrreAtfrrcke 
 and rnledall bymeans of might a»dfiro-igl:a>jd, we-e /^ Q^.Fabitis the Cenf.r^ redHcedinttfonrTrilHt 
 by themfdves: Which rvOi the thing that pttrchafdFibia^ the fftrname o/Maximus L'.r'ght Great ] 
 
 The ^inthBoo^of T. Livius. 
 
 AFter this year, immediately followed the peace made n t Ca'.-^.Ww , lb memorable for the 
 Romanstoii and misfortune, whijibapncd ir theConfuKhipot' T.r.runasCalvimsj 
 and Sp. Poftt:um:tts. During vvhiLh, the Samnits had tor their General Conduder, C. 
 PoKtiHs, the Ion of H,:rcn»:Ms.z molt prudent and politick father, and was himfelfa wor- • 
 thy warrior, and a moH extdient Captain. This Pontius, after the Embaffidors aforefaid (who 
 had been fent to yeeld and deliver the goods) were returned home without peace concluded, 
 fpakethus in a frequent alVembly of the Samnits, and faid : ^'MjRers and friendi, think never, 7|,e Ontim 
 *• but good there hath been done in this voyage, and our EmbilTage hath taken fome effea. tor oi c. 2v;(i«i"o 
 '' look what wrath theGodiinHea.en conceived againlt m , by om- breach of covenant and the Saimms. 
 '*■ truce,is thereby wholly iatisfied,ard fuily done away. This I know alTnredlyjthat the Gods a- 
 *' bove (whofe pleafure it was, that we fliould be driven to this neer point and hard exigent, as 
 " to render the goods claimed of us, by vertue of an accord andcovenanc) were nothing conten- 
 
 C" red and pleafed, that this our fatisfacbtion and re.ompence for the breachthereof.wasfoproud- 
 " ly and difdainfully defpited and rejefted of the Romans, For what could polTibly have been 
 " done more, cither to pacity the Gods or to appeale men, than that whiLh we offered and per- 
 " formed ? Whatfoever we won by vvay of hofblity and fpoil, from our enemies, and which by 
 "right of warfeemed tobeours, we fent back again : the counfellors and perfwaders of takin? 
 *■ arms, be^.aufe we tould not fend alive, we delivered dead as they were: and their very ooods 
 "alio (be aufe nothing might remain with us, to bring us within thecompafsoftheir sniltinefs) 
 " we brought to Rome. What ovv I more to thee O Roman ? what am I bound to perform be- 
 "fjdes, in regard either of covenant, or of the Gods, the judges of the covenant ? Whom fhaill 
 "chufeand take for aii indifferent arbitrator between thine anger and my puoiHiment ? No State 
 
 D "and body of people ingcneral, no private perlbninpsrticular do Irefufe: and if no equity and 
 "reafon for the poor and needy, be referved amongll men againftihegrea»er and more mighty, 
 " yet flie will I, and have recourle to the Gods ; the Revengers of fuch intolerable pride: and I 
 *' will pray them to turn their anger upon thole, whom neither refiitution of their own goods, 
 <' nor thetendring of other mens withal toboot, wil ferveand content: whole fell cruelty ,nei- 
 <*ther the death ofthcguiltyperfons, northe delivery of dead bodies, neither the owners them- 
 " felves yeelded, nor all they had intheWorld rendred with them, canfatisfie: briefly, whomay 
 *'not pofTibly be appeafed, without we fhould part with our heart bloud unto them, for to drink 
 *' and give our bowels and entrails to be torn in pieces. The w3r(0 Samnits) is lUitandri^ht 
 "on their behalf, who have no way and means to avoid it : and ever lawfully tr.ke they arms,who 
 
 E " have no other hope, but in force ot arms. Since then, in all the affairs of this Wond, nothin^^ 
 "is of more importance than this, That men weigh andconhder, whether the Gods be gratious 
 " or adverfe unto their enterprifes: befureofthis, that as we m:ide ourformer war actio much 
 "againftmcn as the Gods; fo , we fhall fighc that which i,s now in hand, in the name of the 
 *' Gods, and under their conduft and guidance. Havingfpoken by way ofProphehethefe words, 
 (which as they were right pleafant and plauhble in the hearing, fo tisey proved as true and were 
 verified in the fuccefs enluing^ he lead forth an army into the field and about C.^udium he encamp- 
 ed himiclf, ascovertly ashe could.Fromthence,hefendeth to*C;/.?f/>(^whereheheard that the » - . 
 Roman Confuls and their forces Iiy in camp j ten I'ouldicrs difguifed in the habit ot Herdmen, '"'"^''i.'' 
 and commanded them to keep their cartel grahng a part, Ibmein oneplai e and fome in another, 
 p but never far from the Rom ,-.ns torts and guards : with thisinliruition. That when they hipned 
 upon any of the Roman for igers and vantcurriers,they fliouki agree all in one rale, and fay. That 
 the Samnit legions were in ^p«/;^,befieging Luceria with all their forces, and were at the point 
 of winning itbyaffault. This rumour alfo was on purpofe by others bejjp re, 'et abroad and Iprs-.d 
 yea , and came to the Romans ears : but thefe capcvcs m,ide it found more credible 
 and like to be true, for this cfpqcially , that all their word- agreed one with another. No man 
 doubted bur that the Romans would aid the Lucerins, their good and faithful Allies, and the ra- 
 ther for fear leff all Jlpulm would upon this pref;nc trouble and fearful example revolt , and band 
 with the Samnics : and the only thing they Hood upon was this , Whi.h way to gonntothem. 
 For twain there were leading to Lurer.a '■< the one,broad and open, along the coali of the Adria- 
 
 G tick Sea: but as it was the fafer , fo it was the farther about. Another fliorter cut there wa.? 
 
 through tl^e freights or gn'let of * OjW'V/j^ called l'tiyct:UCaudi;ia. Eur the natural fitnacionof * Smttode^r- 
 ihc '^We.h ihw^ '. There are twn deep nirrow, and woddy pafes, ord.iles, one in the tail of the <>vj,or!tiugo 
 other, with continual creRs and ridges ot hills round abnnc them : between them lieth enclofed <<« s. M^na, 
 in the midl, a good larrepiain or m.cadovv , rreen of grafs and full of waters , through the »"'*/'''''»■''« 
 mi'lft wherrof, there licth a direftp.'ffagc, B-.n before ye come to that green , ye tnud enter 
 intothatfirft fireight r.frrcfaid n\id return Dgair either the fame way thatye wenrin orif ye 
 proceed to go forward , ye mufl; pafs through another luch pafs or freight , but narrower and 
 
 Z 2 mors
 
 5 The ninth BooJ\of T.h'mus, 
 
 more cumber.otre than the other. Into that plain aforefaid the Romans marched down with j^ 
 their army another way , through and hollow rock , but when they went on forth to the other 
 flreioht valley, they found it Hopped and made up with the fall ot trees, one crofs over another, 
 and fikewifc with anhugeheapotmightyftones, laid full againit them in the way. And they had 
 nctfo loon difcovcred this guiifuiprattife of their enemies.but they might defcry withal, a power 
 of them alfo cnthetopcfihe Hill. Then with all fpeed they feek to go back again the fame way 
 they came; but it they found alfo dammed up in like lort , and befet with armed men. Where- 
 upon they made a linnd> without any mans commandment: and as their minds were all amazed 
 nnd aRonied, fo their bodies alfo were poflefled as it were with a ftrange and extraordinary num- 
 mednefs in their limmefs : and whiles they looked one upon another, each man thinking his fel- 1 
 low to be more witty, and have better underlianding than himfclf ; for a good while they tiood 
 fiill, and faid not a word. But afterwards , when as they faw the two Confuls pavillions a fet- 
 ting up, and fome making ready things neceflary to fortification; although they faw well enough, 
 thacin thisdefperatecale, pall all hope of recovery , for all the defences they could devife, they 
 fhould but lofe their time and travel and prove tools in the end : yet neverthelefs , becaufe they 
 would not feem to encreafe their dillrelfed fortune , and double it with their own default and 
 negligence, every man what he could , to his power , without the diredion of any leader, fetled 
 himfelfto work, and to fortify along the water iidetbeir camp, with a trench and rampier. Arid 
 befid'es the infolcnt and proud fcotfing and derifion ouheir enemies, every manwiih pittiful con- 
 feflion fcomed and checked his own work andtravel,as vain,and lotopurpofe. AsiheConfuls K 
 then were penfive and difcomforted , and called none about them to counlel , (for that indeed 
 they fuppofed they were pa(t all adviie'and helpj the Lieutenants and Colonels came unto them 
 of their felves unfent for , and the fouldiers turning to the Prirorium or Conuil- Qiiarter, cryed 
 totheirCaptains for help and fuccour,whichhardly the very immortalGods could atford and give 
 them. But they, rather made their moans and complainti one to' another of their misfortune, 
 thanfatinfagecounfeltogive or takeadvife, until the night came upon them: whiles each man 
 accordingtohisnatural humour and fancy, muttered di>er{ly. "One faid, let us break through 
 *'the Hoppages oppofed againft us in the way: another, letuspafs over the mountains and 
 " woods before us, what way loever wemay be able to (.rry armour ; forfo we get totheene- 
 *' my once,whom weha\eaimort forthefe thirty years vanquifVied and chafed before us; all will L 
 " be plain, even and-cafy unco us Romans fighting ag^inli tiicfe tairhlefs, perjured, and difloyal 
 *'Samnits. Tufhjaith another,whiiherfliouid wegcorwhich way ? What ? Are we about to 
 <' remove mountains out of their places ? So :cng as thefe tops of Hiils arc over our heads, how 
 " will you poflibly come to the enemy ? Arm.ed or unarmed ,coHragious or towards, all is one,en- 
 " trapped we are and undone every one. Our enemy will not fo much as offer us the (word, 
 '' whereon we may dye like mtn with honor: he will lit flill and end this war. Thus pafled words 
 to and fro, and thus pafled the night away : unmindful were they ot taking repall, never thoughc 
 they of taking repofeand deep. T he Samnits on the other fide, in this fo fortunat and happy op- 
 portunity prefented unto them, wereasmu.btofeek what to do , and whatcourletochufe and 
 follow Whereupon, they all in general were to difpatch letters to Hercmias Pontius-) the fa- M 
 ther of their General, and to know his opinion. Now this man beforetime,by reafon of his great 
 age, had given over not only Military affairs , but alfo all civil, buhnefles: howbeitinthatold 
 crafy and ipent body of his, he bare the frefli vigour ot mind and a pregnant wit to give coun- 
 fel. When he underltood that the Romans army was fhutupfafi within the two forrefts, at the 
 Caudine Gullets, and that his advife was asked by his fonsmcflenger: he gave prefently this 
 counlel , That with all fpeed they fliould be let go from thenre every one , without any harm at 
 all done unto them. Which opinion of his being re jefted [of his fon and the army] his mind 
 was demanded a fecond time, by the fame currier fent again untohimofpurpofe. And then he 
 gave advife, that they fliouldbe all killed, and not one left alive. Upon which anfwers fo 
 fardifagreeing, and thus deliveicd, as it were out of a doubtful Oracle: albeit hisfonhimfelf N 
 imagined, of all others moft , that his fathers wit was in the wane, and aged as well as his fee- 
 ble wafted body : yet by a general confent of all he was overcome, tofendforhiminperfonfor 
 to declare his meaningly word of mouth. Neither thought the old man much thereof , but 
 was brought (by report) to the camp in a chariot: and beeing called to counfel , he was in 
 the fame tale fiill 1 fo as he nothing changed of his former adv if?, but alleaged only caufes and 
 rcafons thereof. '^ Namely, that in his former refolution (which hetooktobefimply thebeft ) 
 " his meaning was , by a fingular benefit and good turn , to confirm peace and amity for ever, 
 ''with a molt mighty and puiflant people: in the fecond his purpofe was, by theutterlotfeof 
 *• two armies , whereby the Scare oiRomc would not eaiily recover their flrength again, to defer 
 "the wars for many a year. And as fora third roiinfel , he had none at all. When his fon i>nd Q 
 other chief Captains, by queftioning inquired of him, what ifamiddiecourfebetween both were 
 taken ; namely, to di mifs them fafe » and according to the Law of arms and conqudt to impofe 
 upon them, hard Liws and Conditions? " Mary ( quoth he ) this is the way indeed, that 
 " neither winneth you friends , nor yet riddeth yon of your foes : favethem whom ye have pro- 
 " voked with fliameand difgcace ; and fee what yeget thereby. The Romans are ofthis nature, 
 " that they cannoi be (till and quiec fo long as they have the worfe ; it will never dye in their 
 *' hearts.but vvil be alwayes frefli whatfoev er fliame this prelent extremity fhal brand them with: 
 
 " and
 
 The ninth Boo{ ofT, Li viiis. 257 
 
 ^ "andnever will it c'irethem any reft, beforethey have been by manifold and fundry wayesreven- 
 '^ged otyou. So rus advife was notucepted, neither the onenortheotherand od Heronum 
 was carried home again from the camp. The Romans likewile in the camp, after m.my attempts 
 (but allin vain; for to break forth and efcape away, being now in great penury and fcarJty ot all 
 things, for very necelTity were driven to lend Embalfadors unto the enemies: whofifiiihould 
 crave an equal and indiiferent peace : and if they might iltt obtain it , then to bid defiance and 
 challenge them to a battel. Po^Z/w/ made anfwer,that theie was no talking of battel ; for that the 
 field was won already : and becaufe they being vanquilhed, and as go' d as taken captive, knew 
 not how to come down and confefs rheir poor elf ate ; he gave them tounderltai d, That he 
 would put them under the gallows, defpoiled oftheir armour, and ftript into their flirts: and as 
 B for other conditions ofpeace,they flionld be fuch, as weremeet to pa's between men conquered, 
 and conquerours :namcly,ifthey would depart out or theSamnits country, withdraw their co- 
 lonies, and fo both Samnic and Roman in equal allianceliveunder their own laws and cu/lomes: 
 uponthele Articles and Capitulations, hewascoment tocome to lomepoint ofaccord with the 
 Confuls. If any of thefe covenants dilliked them then heforbad the Embafladors to repair again 
 to him any more, bur at their peril. When relation of this anfwer was made in the camp, there 
 arofe luddenly fuch a fighing and groning amonglt them all, and To great penfivenefs and anguifli 
 of heart feized upon them, thitit I'eemed they could not have taken it more heavily, and to the 
 heart, if word had been brought that they muii al: have died in the place. After longfilence, 
 when as the Confuls wilt not how to open their mouth - either for the accord and compohtion 
 C fo (hameful, or againtt it fo neceffary : then L.LrmtflHi-, who as well in regard of his vertue, as of 
 his dignities, was chief of all the Lieutenants , laid : '' I have heard my father f quoth he) O ye 
 *' Confuls, oftentimes make report,.that be was the only man in the Capitol, who perfwaded the 
 *'Senat, not to ranfome and redeem with gold , the City from the hands of the Gauls; at. what 
 "time as they were not inclofed either with trench or rampier by their enemies (a Nation to 
 "lay a truth-, of all others moft idle in fuch works , and fortifications) but might have broken 
 *' through them, ifnot vvichout great danger, yet without eviden: ruin, and alfured delliuflion. 
 *' Were the cafe fo now.thatas they then, being armed might have run down out of the Capitol 
 " upon their enemies under them fin which fort oftentimes the bef.esed have fallied out upon 
 *' them that lay in liege) lo we might but fight with our enemies in any place (it 'killeth not) 
 D " good or bad even or uneven : I vvould not in giving counfel-be any jot behind my father in cou- 
 '"^ rage and valor. Fori confefs verily that to die for our country is a brave death: and for my own 
 *' part,ready am I even to offer my body as a facrifice to picfent death. yea, and it were to enoa^e 
 " my felfamong thethickelt of my enemies thereby to lave the people of ^ow^ and the legions: 
 " But alas, here I fee my country, here I fee all the Roman Regiments and Legions that are, who 
 "unlcfs for their own felves they will rnn upon their death, what have they elfe tofaveby their 
 " death ? Why, will fomemanfay,the houles and buildings of the City, the walb, and that mul- 
 *' titude that inhabit the City. Nayrather- if this army fortune hereto mifcarry,they are ail clean 
 "betrayed into the enemies hand and not faved. For who fhall defend them? Perad\enture, the 
 " weak and unarmed multitude :e^ en as well lureiy as they defended it agalnlf the violence of the 
 E " Gauls : Or, will they fend lor an army frorfi f^eii, and befeech the help again of Captain Camillus > 
 *' Even the one as well as the orher. But herein this place is our whole hope,here is all ourpowec 
 <-'and puiflance: in faving ic,we prefetve our country; in offering it to die we abandon and betray 
 " our country. To yeeld and render our felves, is afoul andfhameiul thing ; rrue,but fuch is 
 " the love of our Country, that we ought to preferv e it a<: well with our utter fliame, if need re- 
 <* quire, as by our death. Let ns undergo then, and abide this {hameinl indignity whatfoever, 
 " and ob»y that fatal neceffity , which the very Gods themi'ehes cannot overcome. Go to then, 
 "Confuls, a Gods name, redeem the City with your armor and weapons, whi>.h yourfore-fa■- 
 " thers ranfomed with theirgoid. Then went the Confuls to /"o;;?/;// for to parle. Andwhenas 
 be began like a conqueror to debate about the capitulations of Covenants, they denied plainly 
 T that any league could be made, without the privity, will and authority of the whole people : nor 
 without the Fecials-, and other folemn and ulual Ceremonies. So that this Caudine accord was 
 not (as commonly it I^ believed, and as C/W.'/*^ alfo wrireth^ concluded by form of ibfolute co- 
 venant, but by way o'^' ftipulation and promife. For what needed eicher fureties inaperfcf? 
 agreement and league , o: hoft.-;ges to be given when the matter is piflcd by this form of prayer. 
 By whoje default it kcfned that the cofiditions agreedwere not o' fe/vcd-, th.tt peofleJuf:tcrn>-,Hld fa 
 fmitei asthe f^ifi: therewai hthefxtalf :itten} The Coff. Lieutenants, Treafurers and Colo- 
 nels , who undertook as furet'es, fubfi.ribed and f-gned ; and the names yet are extant of thetri 
 all: where, ifthcmatter had paffcd by vvay of an abfolute league there fhould have been fubfcri- 
 bed no more but the namesoftwo Fecials onlv. Moreover, byreafon that the cor.lufionof 
 G this accord was of rscsdity dc'e red -, there were required alfo tfooHorf-men hoftages, who 
 iTiould lofe their heads, in cafe the covenants of rhengrrement wee rot obferved. And there- 
 upon was thttime appointed md fet dovvnofdeliverin'j;ihe laid hotafes, and yceldin^ the ar- 
 my vViihout their armor. Now the coming of the Coululs renewed .igain theforrow in the 
 camp , that haidiy they could hold their hands from thofe , thrcugn whoferafh condu£tthey 
 were come to that pi 'ce of difadvantsge : and throu^jh wb ofe..owardile they were to depart ti'osn 
 thence more fliametully than they came: complaining that they had not lb much as a guide to 
 
 Z } direi^
 
 2^ i^ The ninth Bool\ofT. Livius. 
 
 dire*^; them^nor an efpial to dtfcover the coafis : but like beafts were driven blinded into a trap or j^ 
 pittal : and one looked upon another; beholding the armor that within a while they were to de- 
 liver up,viewing their right hands, which anon ftiould be unarmed j their naked bodies expofed 
 to the mercy and devotion of the enemy. They let before their eyes, the gallows prepared by the 
 enemy for them to pafs under. the kornes and reproachful taunts of the Vid^orjhis proud and dif- 
 dainful looks, and how they (difarmed) (hould pafs in along train and go through the armed e- 
 nemies: then afterwards, the piteous fpeftade of the way which they mult go , and the fliameful 
 difmarch of their difgraced army: briefly, their foul and difhonourable return through the Cities 
 of their allies unto their country and parents, whither they themlelves and their anceftors often- 
 times had gone in triumph. They were the only men, which without wound, without dint of i 
 weapon, without battel fought, were difcomfited and vanquilhed : who might not fo much as 
 draw their fword,and nevercame to joyn or encounter with their enemy ; having armour^having M 
 (Irength of limjhaving hearts given them in vain. As they brayed out with great difcontentment * 
 and anguilb, thefe words, ihefatal hour of their reproach and fl>ame was come ; which byproof 
 and fenfible experience, was to make all matters more heavy and wolul, than they conceived and 
 imagined in their minds aforehand. Firlt and foremoft were they commanded all; to go forth 
 without the trench difarmed, and in their fmgle garments : then were the hoftages prefently de- 
 livered,and had to ward: after this,were the Serjeants and Officers willed to depart from the Con- 
 fuls : whofe rich coats of arms, when they wereplucked from their flioulders,moved fuch pity and 
 compaflion even in them, whoa while before with all curling and banning, judged them worthy j^ 
 f o be delivereci bound hand and foot into their enemies hands,for to be mangled defpiteoufly and 
 cut inpieces ;thac every man forgetting his own eftate, wherein he flood turnedaway his eyes,as 
 it were from an abhominable fpeftade, and could not indure to behold that difgracing and disfi- 
 guring of fo great ftate and Majelty. The firft that were put under thegallows, were the Coff.wel- 
 neer half naked: and according to their degree and place , fo was every one in order put to the 
 Ihame: andafterward, thelegions one after another. The enemies in their armor flood al the 
 while about them fcorning mocking,and making a game of them : many hadfwords and daggers 
 fet againfl their hearts, in menacing wile,fome were hurt and flabbed to death; namely, fuch as 
 with ftern countenance and grim looks above the refl, for the indignity of thefe things, offended „ 
 the conqueror. Thus were ihty fent with fhame enough under the gallows, and (that which was L ^ 
 more griev ous than tt-.e thicg^even in the light and view of their enemies.they were not fo foon 
 got out of theforreft,but although they feemed but then as plucked out of dark hel to fee the'day, 
 yet the very light it felf was worle than al kind of deaths,when they beheld fo ill favoured an army 
 and unfeemly. And therefore , albeit they might have reached to C^/j/i^i before night, yet being 
 doubtful of the faithfuine'? and proteilion of their allies50r elfe difmaied for very ftiame,they caft 
 their poor and filly bodies upon the ground, about the high wayes not far from C^pua. Whereof, 
 when news came to Capua-, the juR and due pirty which they took of their allies, overcame the 
 inbred arrogancy and pride of that people by kind.Immecjiatly they fent unto the Coff.theenfigns 
 and ornaments belonging to their place of 3uthority>theLi£lors and Serjeants with theirrods, they 
 fent armor and Horfes,appare'. and • ifliial a!fo for the fouldiers bountifully:and as they cameneer m 
 to C«p^^,the whole Senat and peo^,le went out to meet them,and performed all duties of kindnefs 
 and hofpitality both privat and publi k,that could be devifed;and as meet was and requifite. And 
 yet neither the courteous ufage;ncr theplcafanc countenances andlightfomefpeeches of their al- 
 iieSjCould draw from them any words, no, nor fo much as make them to hold up their heads and 
 eyes, and to look again upon their friends, w hen they yeelded them al thefe comforts they could. 
 So as.behdes their grief and forrovv of heart,a certain bafhfulnefs and fhame forced them to fliun 
 all communication and converfing with men. The morrow after, when as certain young Gentle- M 
 men ofthe Nobility were returned,who had been fent in convoy from C^;i«.i,io accompany thetn a 
 and bring them on their way, as far as their liberties and confins ; they were fent for into the Se- 1 
 iiat-hou!"e: and being demanded by the ancients and elders, what news : they reported, that they N 
 feemed unto them much more heavy and caft down than before, fo filent and in manner dumb, 
 they marched along : that noble mind and courage ofthe Romans was now mute and mum their 
 hearts clean done and gone together with their armor, not able to greet again, no, nor to give » 
 word to thofe that fainted them, not one of them for fear able to open his mouth,asif flilTthey 
 bare that yoke and gallows upon their necks, under which they went. That the Samnits had in- 
 deed not only a brave vidory.but alfo a perpetual over them.ard the hand of them for ever; and 
 had now won not Rome, as the Gauls aforetime, but alfo (which was a more hardy and warlike 
 exploit) had conquered the Romans courage,floutnefs,and valour. As thefe news were reported, 
 and audience given i hereto, with fuch alTent, that every man lamented now the Roman name as 
 defperat ; and concluded generally it was in the counfel of thele their faithful ronfederats, th:it| 
 they were paft recovery ; one OffHttu CaUvim^xhz fon ofOvius.r man right noblv born,renown- 
 cd forhis valiant A>Sfs, and ber!des,very grave and reverend for h'<: 'ee.fpake by report in this man- 
 ner and faid,That he took the matter far oiherwifethan they all aid: forthatflubSo-n and refoiut 
 filence, (qd. hej tho e eyes faftened fo wiflly on the earth ihofe deaf ears to admit al foiace ?nd 
 comfort, that (liame of theirs to look up and behold the light,were expref<! and certain tokens of 
 them that toffed and rolled from the very root and bottom of their heart ,a huge he?pand mafsof 
 anger & defpite.Either (qd-he) I know not the nature of the Romans^or elfe that flilnefs & filence 
 
 ' will
 
 ' The ninth Boo{ofT,hWms, 250 
 
 f^ will fhortly coft the Samnits,woful cryes and doleful groans:and the remembrance of this Caudtum 
 accord, wil be more heavy and dolorousagooddeal to theSamnits than to the Romans .'for, as 
 for them , they wil every man find their hearts and courages again^wherefoev er they fhal hap to en- 
 counter;but che Samnits fhal not meet every where with the C^iudwm Hreights for their purpoi«. 
 And now by this time was this fhameful overthrow and dil'grace known at Rome. Intelligence 
 they had before, how they were befet and endofed about : but aftervVards arrived a meflenger 
 with news more heavy and forrowful for that ignominious peace, than for any peril and danger 
 otherwiie. At the firlf noife and bruit that they were beheged, they began to mulier; but after 
 they heard, that they had fo fhamefuUy yeelded ihemfelves>all that preparation of aid and fuccor 
 B was difi-harged and fent away: and prefentiy without any order from publick authority, they 
 gave themfelves every one to all manner of mourning and lamentation. 1 he fhops all about the 
 market place were fhut up. A general vacation began ot it felf.. and pleading in all courts ceafed, 
 before Proclamation made : thepurple and fcarlet robes were left off, thegolden rings laid away, 
 and the whoJeCity in a manner more forrowful and heavy than the very army. Neither were 
 they angry and offended with the Captains only, with the authors of the peacCiW ith the cautions 
 and Inreties for the fame; but hated aifo the guiltlefsfouldiers , denying flatly, that they were 
 worthy to be received intoCity or houfe. Which heat of fiomack and wrathful indignation, the 
 firlf arrival ot the army, utterly allayd ; which even to angry perfons was pitiful and lamentable, 
 Forthey returned not as men that efcapedfafe, alive, and unlooked for into their country, 
 C but like captives in habit and countenance ; they emred lace into the Town, and hid their heads, 
 every man within own houfe : fo as the morrow after, and for certain dayes following, none of 
 them would come into the market place, nor put his head out at dores to look into the (keets. 
 The Conluls likewiie for their part , kept in, as privatmen, and would exercife no funftion 
 pertaining to their charge, but only that which thy were forced unto by an a£t of the Senat ; na- 
 mely,tonomin3teaDidfatorfortobePrefidentattheEle6lionof Confuls. So, theyelefted Q, 
 Fabitis Amhuftus forDjitator, and P.tyElius PiCf^j-jGeneral of Horfe. Who being wrong created^ 
 and without the approbition oithe A uf pices, there were chofen in their room, Af, K/£m)liMS 
 TappHs forDiftator. and L. Valerius FUccusGcDC[!i]ohhe.liotkmen, and yet by them was not 
 the aflembly holden for the Ele6lion abovefaid. And for afmuch as the people were even weary 
 D again of all that years Magiftrats , as unlucky and unfortunate , it grew at length to an Interreign. 
 So Interrcgents there were, ^ Fahins Maximns.,and M. Valerius Corvinus, wh o created Cori- 
 fuls, ^ Puhlitts Philo , and L. Papirins Carfor the fecond time ; with the whole confent , no 
 doubt,of the City /or that in thofe dayes there were not two more noble and renowned Captains 
 to be found. 
 
 Thefe fame day they were created, they entrcd their Magiftracy (for fo the LL. of the Coun- 
 
 cel had decreed:) and after certain folemnandordinary affsof the Senitpaffed, they went in 
 
 hand to confult about the treaty of the Caudine peace. And Publiust whofe courfe it was then 
 
 to have the foveraignty of rule j *' Speak ('quoth he) Sp. Pofihumius, to the matrer propounded, The Oncioa 
 
 *' and let us hear your opinion, and what you can fay. VVho alter he was rifen and If ood up, of sptPoflhumi- 
 
 E ^< with the very fame countenance and cheer that he went under the gallows;! am not,(quoth he) .«» '*"^ Confu! 
 
 *' O ye Confuls, ignorant, that I amfirft called forth , not for honour, but to my difgrace ; and •"'•'s^'".". 
 
 ''commanded to fpeak,notasa SenatorandCounceller,butasa man culpable and accufcd, both 
 
 *' for an unfortunate war adminiftred, and a fhameful peace concluded, Howbeic, feeing chat 
 
 *' ye have not propounded and touched ought, concerning either our trefpafs or our punifhment, 
 
 "(letting apart all kind of excufe and defence, which would be no very hard matter to maintain, 
 
 ' *' before men that are not ignorant of humane fortune, and of neceffities, whereto men may be 
 
 " driven) I will in brief deliver my mind concerning that, which you have moved and propoun- 
 
 " ded. Which fentence of mine may fufficiently witnefs and teftify,whether I meant to fpare mine 
 
 *' own life, or fave your legions, when as I became bound to that difhonefl or neceflary (iipula- 
 
 J *' tion and promife, call it whether ye will. And yet, feeing it was made without the peoples pri- 
 
 "vity and grant, the State of ^owe is not obliged thereto, and thereby nothing due to the Sam- 
 
 <■'• nits, but only our bare bodies. Let us therefore be rendered by the hands of the Feciales and 
 
 *' Heralds, in our fhirts, and faft bound ; let us deliver and rid the people of all fcruple and trouble 
 
 *'ofconfcicnce-,if we have entangled chem with any; that therebenolet in Law of God or man, 
 
 "butthutbothjulfly and lawfully ye may begin the war anew. In the mean while my mind and, 
 
 '•advice is, that the Confuls levy, enrol, arme, and lead forth an army : but notto enter within 
 
 **the enemies marches, before all things duly belonging to the delivery of us into their hands, 
 
 *' be fully accompjifhed. Now, Ipray andbefeechye, 6 immortal Gods, that feeing it wasnoc 
 
 "yourgood will and pleafure, that Sp.PofihnmiHsand T.VeturiutCoDi'uh. fhon'd with fortunate 
 
 Q " conduct fight againft the Samnits. yet ye would be fatisfied herewith-, That ye beheld us pur un- 
 
 " der the g^^llows : that ye faw us obliged in an infamous and fliameful bond of covenant : that 
 
 "ye now view us naked and delivered bound into the enemies hands- ready to receive upon our 
 
 •' heads even with the lofs of our lives al their anger,m3lice,and defptghriandthatir would pleafe 
 
 " you. that the new Confuls and Legions of the Romans, may in that lort war with the Samnits, 
 
 *' as evermore the wars before us Confuls have been condu£fed, managed and performed. When' 
 
 he had ipoken thefe words , all men borh fo wondred at this man and p'tied him too , that one 
 
 while they would not believe he was the fame Sp, Pofihumiifs, who had moved and perfwaded fo 
 
 foul'
 
 25 o "ihe ninth Bool^ofT, Livius. 
 
 foul and diflioneft a trcary of peace : otherwhiles they lamented that fo brave and noble a per- ^^ 
 {onage,tLould fuffer any eipecial tormeRt above other,at the enemies hands,tor anger and delpite 
 of reverfing and breach of that accord. When as now they all alter nngu.ar prailes oi the man, 
 condeicended to his opinion; the Tribuns ohheCom. L.UviMiad i^.M //«^, attempted for a 
 while CO oppolethemielvesagainft this proceeding: faying, "Ibatneuh.r the people t-ould be 
 « acquit and affoiled in confcience, by their dehvery , unlefs every thing were again rellored to 
 *' the Samnits/m the fame eltate wherein they flood aiCa.dtum.-aoi they themleives(in that they 
 *' fubfcribed and became bound for the accord of peace, to fav e the hott of the peopie of Rome) 
 « had deferved any punilhment : nor yet, laft of all, ought they being tacrcd Migiiirats and in- 
 
 Tf' ?«*(,"""• " vioiable,to be yeeided to the enemies, and expofed to any outrage and violence. Then (quoth . 
 
 o^sp,Tommi' upgj}ij^^,i^jio the mean while deliver us up that are but lay and profane men, whom withlafel 
 ** " co^olcience and without offence ye may. And as for thefe, fo facro-faindt as they now be, ye 
 
 "fliallhereafcerrendec them likewife,fol'oon as they are out oftheircharge. Butif ye willberu- 
 <' led by me,let ihem before they be thus yeelded.here in this common Hai be whipped and fcour- 
 « ged for the ufury and intereft of their punilhment, which they would feem to defer and put off 
 "folong. For whereas they alledge and lay,That by thedelivcry and yeelding of us, the peoples 
 " confciences cannot be deered and aflbiled ; who is fo ignorant in the Feciales and Heralds law, 
 *< that knoweth not that thefe men I'pake this, for this end rather, that they themlelves might not 
 "berendred, than for that the truth requirethfo. Neither doldeny my Lords, thatb^repro- 
 " miles and itipulations are unv ioiable, and to be kept as well as covenants and obligations with * 
 *' thole men, among whom both Religion to Godward, and taithfuinels to men is in regard and K . 
 *' eftimation : but I deny again, that without the peoples aflent and grant, any thing can be elk- 
 *< bliflied good and effectiul, to bind the people thereunto. What' if theSamnits, inthefame 
 *' pride and infolen.y,w herein they outruded and forced upon us this ftipulation, yea,and wrung 
 " it from us, wouid allbhave urged us to utter and fpeak, the folemn form of words, which they 
 *' ufe to do that furrender up Cities . would ye (my Mailers that are Tribuns) infer and lay, thac 
 " by vercue thereot the people of Rams is furrendred into their hands ? and ttiat this City , with the 
 ^' Temples,Chappels. Limits and Waters by llrength thereof are the Samaiis pofleflion ? Well, I 
 <'let pafs to fpeak ofdedition , betaufe the matter in quellion is toUwhingonly a llipulation. 
 «' What, I pray you . if we hsd promifed and undertook, that the people of Rome fhould forfake I 
 *'and abandon this City ? orietfireonic ? or not haveMjgilirats, Senatjorlaws any longer ? or L 
 *' to be ocverned again by Kings ? God forbid and deny that, fay you. Well it is not the indigii y 
 *' ot things, that ealeththebond of Stipulation. Iftherebeany one cafe, wherein the people may 
 " be obliged then in truth may they be in ail as well ■ neither skilleth it any whit, (whereat hap- 
 <* lyfome wiilm.nke a ftayjard think it is material) whether Conful -, Dilator , orPretor, enter 
 *' into bond and become Uirety. And even this it was, that the Samnitsthemfehes judged lb to 
 *' be,andllood upon : thinking it not luffiuenr, that the Gonfuls became bound but they put the 
 ^'Lieutenants theTreafurers,andtheColoneis thereto the fame. Andnow.letnoman demand 
 *' ofme, why lentredlointo liipulation being a thingnot in. ident to the Conful his charge and 
 *' right, neither was I to undertake unto them peaie, which was not in my power to effed: nor 
 " in your name to promife itJrom whom I had no commilTion and warrant. Certainly my Lords M 
 *' and Senators, there was nothing at Cr^^/^w done at all by mans policy and counfel. Theim- 
 *'moLtal Gods bereft both your Generals and the enemies too, of all their fenfeandunderftan- 
 '' ding: for neither we,inthe conduil and ordering of ourferv ice, (food warily enough upon our 
 ** good guard : and they agiin, as they gat the v id^ory full badly , fo they loft it as lewdly : whiles 
 "they hardly trufted the Hrength of thole places, by means of which they had gained the vantage 
 ''and better hand of us: and whilethey made fuch haft,upon what agreement they cared not, to 
 <'difarm men that are born martial, and naturally made for wars. For, if they had been in their 
 " right wits, what an hard mitter was it for them in the time that they fent for old aged men from 
 '' their home,tocometo CounceUfortohaved'fpatched their Embafladors to Romt ?and lo to 
 *' have de )lt and treated with the Senat and people ab( ut a perfe^ peace and final league indeed? N ' 
 " It had been but three dayes journey for men not encumWred- but lightly appointed. All thac 
 *' mean while there might have been truce. until the Emb^ffpdors from Rome ^had brought them 
 ''either certain vidory or allured peace. For that had been a covenant and ftipulation good in 
 *' law, the which we fhould have agreed ur.to by warrant ot the peoples will and approbation. 
 *' But ye would never have gnnted and allowed it : no more Ibould we have entred into any fuch 
 "ftipulation. Neither was it Gods will and providence, that there fhould be any other ifl'ue and 
 " end ofthings than this: that both they fliould vainly be deluded, and feed themfelves as it were, 
 *'wit'i the fancy of a m.ore joyful dream jthan their minds could wel conceive and apprehend:and 
 *'alfo th It the fame fortune- which had entangled , fnared and brought info danger our army, 
 " nioi'Idrelievethefame-,and riditagain our ofperihchatas their victory was frivolous and vain, Or 
 *' fo a vainer and more frivolous Deace,fhould make it fruftrat and worth nothing : and that fuch a 
 ''ftipulat'on and promife fliould be interpofed and come between, which might oblige and bind 
 *' no perlbn,but the v«ry makers themfelves.For what dealing hath there been with you my Lords 
 *' ofthe^enn>or with the people of /J^wf ? Who can challenge you? Who can call you into que- 
 *' ftion ? Who can come forth and compbin that he is by you deceived ? Enemy^ or Citizen ? To 
 f' enemy ye have paffed no promife : Citizen to undertike for you and in your name, ye com- 
 manded
 
 The ninth Boo{ofT, Livius. 26 1 
 
 j^ " commanded none. Therefore ye have nothing to do to meddle with ns, to whom ye gave 
 " nought in charge : and with the Samnits as little, with whom ye hadno treaty at all. To the 
 ''Samnits, we are fufficient pledges enough, and anfwerable to perform that which is our own : 
 "forthat, I lay, which weareable to make good and yeeld ; even our bodies and lives : upon 
 '' thcfe let them exercife their rage , upon thefe let them whet their fwords and their fpighiful 
 " mjlice. And as for the Tribuns of Commons, confult ye together, whether they may be ren- 
 ^ dred preiently, or ought to be referved and put off to an other day : let us in the mean time (O 
 <'/^''««.;«^,andye thatarethe reft) offer thefe wretched heads and lives ofours, like caycives to 
 ''diuharge our bond , and by our punifliment and execution, -deliver and fet free the Roman 
 B '-army. -» ^"^ -■' 
 
 Both thecaufe it felf, and theAdvocatalfo, moved the Lords of the Senat: and wrought fd 
 muih not only with the reft, but alfo with the Tribuns themfelves [ofCommonsJth.it they pro- 
 milcd to be at the Confuls ordering and appointment. Whereupon immcdfiriy they gave up 
 their olfices, and w-re delivered into the Fecials hand, with the other,to be led all, to i aiuiium. 
 There was not ib loon an a6t of the Senat pafled hereof, but it feemed that the \ery light and 
 rayes of the Sun ("hone upon the City again. Prfihumius was in every man his month, him they 
 praifed and extolicdto the heavens : comparing him with the voluntary offering ot P Dunts the 
 ConfuL tor the fafety of the army, and other worthy and noble afcs of others : Saying, that by his 
 overture , by his means and travel , the City was delivered from a fcrvil, diflionourable and un- 
 C honelf peace: He (fay they) hath offered himfelftoal thetorments,anger, and vengeance of the 
 enemies, and made full latisfaftion thereby for the people of /?o»?f. Nothing nowbut w.ir,war: 
 Alarm, now iryed every man: and, oh, that everthey might feetheday,to encounter on e again 
 with the Samnics, in their armour and with weapon in hand. So, whiles the City was thus infla- 
 med andboiled with hateful ire and indit;nation, therewas an army levied, well near ail of Vo- 
 luntaries. New legions were muftred and enrolled again out of the fame fouldiers, and a puiffanc 
 army fet forth to C udium. The Fecials marched before, and when they were come to the gate 
 of the City, commanded the Sur<:ties, fuch as had fubicribed and figned the accord aforelaid, to 
 be defpoi led and ftript out of their cloths, and their hands to be pinnioned behind him. And 
 when the Lidor or Serjeant, for very reverence of Majefty in Pofihnnniu his perfon, bound him 
 D at large and at ea e, Why doeft not thou (quoth hej draw and pul! the cord ftreighter, that the 
 rendring and d-.livery ot us may be according to la wand as it ought to be, nndnofault to be 
 found withal ? Afterwardswhenthey were come into theafl'embly cfthe Samnics, and bJore the 
 Tribunal judgment kaio- Pomius ; A. Cornelius Arvi>ja one ot the Fecials or Heralds thus fpake : 
 For afmuch .'.s thefe perfons, without commandment and commiir.on from the ^/n(e^ and 
 people o\Romt\, have nndertaken by Papulation , That there fhall a league and peace be made 
 with you ; and in lb doing have offended and trefpaffed againft the State, therefore, to the end, 
 that the people ot Rome might be freed and affoiled from a deteftable and heinous offen:e , Here 
 I deliver and yeeid unto you, the lelf fame men. No fooner had he uttered thefe words, but Poji' 
 hamins with his knee fmote the Fecial his high , with all the might he could : and with a loud 
 Evoycefaid, That he being now a Samnic citizen, and the otheranEmbaflador and an Herald of 
 the people of Rome ; had againft the Law of Nations injured him and offered him the .ibu'.e : 
 whereby the Romans might more juftly make war. Then quoth Pontiin. " This delivery nei- 
 ''ther will I accept of and admit, neither (hall the Samnits hold it good and lawful. But why 
 "doftnocthou5/). Poflhumms^ ifthoubelievetherebeanyGods, either undo and cancel all, or 
 "Itand to thy bargain and covenant ? For by right either are they all due unto the Samnits,whom 
 " they on:e had in their power ; or elfe peace, in lieu of them. But why Ipeak I thus, and chal- 
 '^ lengethce, who doeft yeeld thy fell again prifoner to the conqueror as faithfully and loially as 
 "thoucanft? The people of i?9w? I challenge, who, ifthey repent of the promife and bargain 
 "madeat theftreightsofOwti'/'w ' letchem bring again the Legions into that gullet, wherein 
 F" they were en uroned,cnclofed, and compaffed. Lee no man deceive and delude other. Let all 
 " beundonc again, and every thing as it was: let themtake again their armour , which by cove- 
 " nam they yeeldcd up: let them return into their own camp, and have whatfoever they had the 
 *' day before t'eParle. Then let them pleafc themfelves with war, with valiant and magnanimous 
 "deeds: refnfethey then, and fparenocall covenant : rejed^ they then aUtreaty of peace. Let us 
 " have the fame fortune , the fame opportunity and vantage of the places , which we had before 
 "the mention of peace: and lo mike war, and trie cheillue. Sofhal! neither the people of 
 *' Rome, blame the Confuls ftipulation, nor we find any lack and default in the faichfulnefs of the 
 «' people of Ro'-oi^. And will ye never have done , but alwayes find ftiiits and es.u'.'es , and not 
 ' I'land toyour covenants., when ye are overcome, and hue the worfe of your enemies ? Ye gave 
 G "fomc times hod ages to King Porfcym; and when ye bad done, afterwards dole them nway. For 
 "•a fum ot gold you bought again your City of the Gauls; and as they were rctci. ing the fame 
 "gold murdered they were by'^you and hewn in pieces Peace ye havecovenanred with usupon 
 *' Condi; if^n that we ftiould reft ore again your legions unto you ; that peace you cancel .ind make 
 'S'oid and e-ermore ye fet fome colour of right uponvourcnuelou-; andfr.i"du!cnrdei!ing:VV(:-lI, 
 '"' allowerh not thepeop'eof/^«wf of the faving of their Legions, by a diHi' T.orabie jndflumetul 
 "peace? Say it is fo. Let peace "O whether it will: but give yon ag.iin to the Vidor vour Legions 
 '• caj-tivat. Is this your faithfuldeilingParc chefe your covenants,Si ceremonies of Fecials &: He- 
 
 '« raids?
 
 2 5 ^ 'T'he nirub Boo\ofT, Livius. 
 
 "raids ? that thou, according to the s'gietmerx and accord , (houldfi have thatdefire of thine, y 
 " even lo many citizens lives laved? and I not have the peace (whivh by Icttinp. mine hoH^c un- 
 " tothee anenemy) 1 bargained for ?What Jutliceis this, that ti;ou.t) Co/.t;//»/-,.iUJoyeth2tare 
 "heralds, prefaibe to Naticnsabroad ? Nay verily, I neither will accept of rholeperiors whom 
 *' ye mnlic a Akw lo deli\ erneither can 1 believe, that they are yeeided in verity and good earneft. 
 "Nay, 1 pifsnot at all, whether they return again intothaLCicy,which isobugedby aeovenant 
 " made, attended vTpon with the wrath and diipleafure of all the Gods, whole heav enly power 
 " and deiry is thus deluded. Now go and make war, feeing that Sp. Pofihumiiu erewhile thruft 
 " and puflicd an Embaflador herald with his knee; and foiheCods wiiibelieveno doubt, that 
 " Prflhuniiris is a Sunnit citizen, and no Roman ; and that by a Samnit-a Roman EmbatTador hath I 
 " been abufed : and thereupon you may take a ju(f occafion and good quarrel to make war upon 
 "upon us, Areyou not juliamed , and bafli you not to broach and fet abroad, in the view and 
 ''face of the world, fuch mockeries of Religion? What? old and ancient grave perfonages, and 
 "fuch as have been Confuls , tofeekfuch (ubtie devices (not fit for very childcen and babes to 
 "play with) andall to fhittoffandfalfify their promife made by covenant. GoLi6tor,loofethe 
 " Romans of their bands : and no man io hardy as to (fay them, but that they may depart when 
 "they will at their own plcafure. So they, having thus perhaps difcbarged the publick fidelity, 
 ''oratleafiwifequitthemfelves undoubtedly of theirown, returned from C4;/<i/«w, unhurt, to 
 *' the Roman camp. 
 
 The Samnics feeing that in lieu of a proud and unreafonable peace, there wasamoft crueiwar] 
 new fprung up again, not only forecaft and apprehended in their minds, but well neet fa w evi- 
 dently with their eyes, all that ever enfued after. Then, all too late and in vain, God wot, they 
 praifcd the two-fold connfel of old Pontine ■ and how they taking the middle way between, were 
 de ciiedj&had exchanged the certain pofTeffion of victory jfor an unreiiain and doubtful peace: 
 iind having loft the opportunity both of gratifying the Romans, or doing them harm any more, 
 were now to fight &: wage war with them, whom they might either have difabled for being hurt- 
 ful enemies, or made theirfad and affured friends forever. Ar.dfo without any weakning of 
 theix power and forces of either fide by battel , their hearts after this Caudine peace were fo 
 ch3nged,that/'o/?/'«»?;>« by his voluntary yeelding was more honored among the RomanSjthan 
 Powfw his bloodlefsviftory among the Samnits: andtheRomans made this reikoning, thact' 
 the pofTibility of making war was to them almuch as undoubted .viilory : and the Sam- 
 nits believed verily , that the Romans had at once made war again ^id got the upper- 
 hand. 
 
 whiles thefe things thus paffed, the Satricans revolted to the Samnits : and the Colony at Fre- 
 tre'U, by the fodden and unlocked for arrival of the Samnits (with whom it is certain the Satri- 
 cans wereb.'.nded)inthe night was f'urprifed and taken. But the mutual fear one of the other, 
 kept tlum in on both fides that they flirred not out until the morning. Then began the fight, 
 vvliich for a certain time was equal and indifferent: yet, tor thai the Fregellones within fought 
 for their Chnr.h and chimney ^as they fay) and by reaion chat the multitude, unmeet for arms, 
 flood them in good flcad inannoyingtheirenemics from ofi' their houfes; they held out and M 
 found them play a long time. But afterwards, a wily and deceitful policy turned all backwards 
 and was their undoing: for they fuffred the voyce of the cryerto be heard through the Town, 
 who proclaimed, That whofoever laid down weapon, fhould depart alive and fafe with bag and 
 baggjge. The hope whereof, caul'ed them to flack fomewhat of their fight,and therewith they be- 
 gan to cafl away their armor in every plare. But the refolut fort armed tf ill.brake away through 
 apoflern gate^ whole venturoufnefs proved to them more fafe, than the inconliderat tear of the 
 other which made them credulous and too light ofbelief. For the Samnits compafled them about 
 with fre, and for all they called upon the Gods for their help , and to their enemies for perfor- 
 mance of their promife. yet they burned them mofl piteoufly. 
 
 The Cr niils pa rted between themfelves, their Provinces. Paprius took his way to Luceria in N 
 ylpidia, where tine Roman Horfemen given for hoftages ziCaudium were kept in ward: but Pul'/i- 
 tii (fayed in 5^»;«;«»« to make head againfl the Caudine legions. Which thing much troubled and 
 di.'lrafted the minds of the Samnits: for neither their hearts wouldfervethemtogoto Lacm^, 
 lefl the enemy flionldcomeoniheirbacks; not yet to flay behind, forfcirlefl in the while, Luce- 
 rwOiouldbelolt. They thought it beft therefore,to put all in hazard r/'a battel, and to try it out 
 with Puhlius. Whereupon, thty bring forth their power into the fie'd : with whom when Pn'tU- 
 us was minded to joyninfight, he thought it not amifs, firfl to m.'kyc fomefpeech unto his men, 
 a'dfocommandedthemco affembleuntoan audience. Bur, as theycame running to the Prsfto- 
 rium, with exceeding preatcheerfulnes, fo by reafon of their noife that called hard for battel,no 
 exhortation of the General could be heard: each man his own heart mindiiil of the former dif- ()• 
 grace, fer\ed well enough to encourage and animat themi So they march out to battel, putting 
 forward the (fandard-bearers and poit-enfigns. And becnufc they would lofe no time, they firfl 
 charge with lancing their javelins and fhooting dares , and nfter that , in drawing their fwords, 
 theythrew away their javelins, as if they had had a fign.il given them fo to do , and with naked 
 drawn fword, they ran upon their enemies. No cunning was there to be (hewed of warlike Cap- 
 tain, no skill to be Viewed either in fttting in array the files and ranks, or placing ofr he rerevvard 
 for fupplies : the touldiers furious anger, with raging violence, marfhalled and managed all. 
 
 So,
 
 T'he ninth Boo^ofT.hWms, 261 
 
 A So, the enemies were not only difcomfited and put to the rout , but alio becaufe they durft rot 
 hinder their flight by retiring to their own camp, they made all the haft they could, disbanded as 
 they were,toward Afulm. Howbeit they were rallied together in one company, and <'o came to 
 Luceria. The Romans, in the fame boiling heat of blood that they pierced through the mids of 
 the enemies battel ; enired aifointo their camp : where was more blouddied and execution than 
 in the battel , and the greater part of the pillage was in their choler marred and clean lolf. 
 
 The other army commanded by Paptnm the CofT. mar;.hed along the Sea coall to Arpi : and all 
 the Country they pafled thorow, fhewed them friendlliip and courtelie, more for the outrar'es 
 and lofles fuftained by the Samnits,and the hatred they bare them^than for any love to the people 
 B oi Rorne-,ov good received at their hands. And now the Samnits at that time dwelling upon the 
 Hills in Villages,beingmountainers and wild people, and as it is commonly feen, oflike difpofi- 
 tionto the places which they do inhabit, walled the plain Champian and Sea coalfs, defpihno in- 
 deed their more civil lite and converfation. Which Coumry, if it had been true to the Samnits, 
 either the Roman army had not been able to come to Arp:, or elfe the penury and f^arcity of all 
 things between Rome and Arfty\vo\i\d have confumed themjbeing cut offtrom all proviHcn of vi- 
 (ftuals.For even then^being gone from themjand lying encamped before Lnccria-,3s wel they wiih^ 
 out in the leaguer & thofe that were within the City befieged, were nipped and bitten with hun- 
 ger. The Romans were ferved all from Arpi,h{ii fo flenderly and fcantly, that whiles thefootmen 
 were occupied in their guards wardingiwatching,and working unceffantly ; the Horfemen, were 
 C tain to bring corn from Arpi, in little leather baggs : and otherwhiles,if they met the enemy,were 
 forced to caft the corn From offtheirHorfebacks, to fight more nimbly. They that were within 
 befieged before the other Conl'ul came with his army , had both from the mountains of the Sam- 
 nits, viduals brought unto them, and fuccors alfo of menlet in to them. But the coming of /"«- 
 tlitis made all provifions more ftreight : for, leaving the charge of the hege to his brother Con- 
 ful, he rode lightly appointed without carriage, all over the Country, and fo beat all the quarters, 
 that they were too hot for the enemies to forage and purvey vidf uals, Thentbe Samnits , feeing 
 that they within the City beneoed, were paft all hope to abide the famine any longer, encamped 
 about Luceria, and were forced to gather all their forces together from all parrs, and to give Pa- 
 piriw battel. At which very inRant, when they were on both fides preparing to fight, the Taren- 
 D tin Embaffadors came between, difcharging and forbidding, both Samnits and Romans to fight : 
 profelfing withal , that whoibever they were that refufed to give over war , agaiuft them they 
 would fight in defence and favor of the others. Papirms having heard that embafface, makin*-' 
 femblance, as if he had greatly regarded their fpeeches, anfwered that he would confer with his 
 brother Conful ; and having fent for him,and beftowed all the mean time in preparation to fight, 
 when he had talked with him as touching the execution of matters already refolved , heprefently 
 gave the fignal, and fet out the bloudy banner of battel. Now as theConfuls werebufy infacrifi- 
 cing and performing duties belonging to God and man (as their manner is when they purpofe to 
 go to a battel^ the Tarentin Embafladors aforefaid,encountred them and expeiled an anfwer.To 
 whom Pjpriits, The Chick-mafter(qd. he) O ye Tarentins,fendeth me word,that the birds feed 
 E right, and all is well; and befidesthat, the Gods in our facrifice feem paiTing well pleafed. And in 
 the name of the Gods, and under their conduit (asyefee) we are going to battel. Then com- 
 manded he to fet forward the ftandards, and led forth his power, mocking the foolifh nation for 
 their great vanity, who,not able to manage their own affairs by reafonofhomefeditionsandci- 
 vill difcords, thought it meet to be moderators between others , and to prefcribe them war or 
 peace. The Samnits on the other fide, having flaked all their care and defire of war, for that they 
 defired peace ingoodearneft, or elfe thought it expedient for them to make a femblance thereof^ 
 for to win unto them the Tarcntins; feeing the Romans all of a fudden arranged in battel array 
 and ready to fight, cryed forth aloud, that they relkd (fill in the authority ot the Tarentins, and 
 were at their direflion: neither would they come forth into the field , norput themlehesin 
 Farms out of their fort: choofing rather being thus difappointed , to abide the chance of for- 
 tune whatfoever, than to feem to have defpifed the Tarentins, who had interpofed themi'elves as 
 Mediators for peace. Marry (quoth the Coff. ) we take that for a good fign and prefage of lucky 
 fuccefs : and we would wifli no more at Gods hands , but to put into their enemies heads chat 
 refolution, not to defend their trench and rampire. So the Cofl. when they had parted between 
 them their forces , approached the very camp of their enemies , and fet upon them with an hoc 
 affiult on every fide. Thus while fome filled and dammed up the trenches, others plucked up the 
 (fakes of the rampier, and threw the bank and all down the ditches under their feet : whiles not 
 only their own inbred valour by nature , but alfo anger and choler provoked and pricked to the 
 quick>their hearts already fietied and cankred at the very root, for the lafl difgracc receivedj they 
 G entred the camp. Every man for his part gave out and faid , Here are not the ftraight gullets 
 o\CaHdiHm^ here are nor the impjflable nor inaccelTiblepaffes, and forrefts, where as proud fraud 
 had gone beyond their fiily errour and want offorecaft: but Roman vertue and prowefs, which 
 no rampier never fo ftrong , no trench how deep ioever , is able to put by and wichftand. 
 Sothey killed nil afore them indifferently, as well rhem that made refinance and (food to it , as 
 iho(e tha: retired and gave way : armed and difarmed, bond and free born old and young, as 
 well under age as undergrownman andbeaft, one with another : neither had ihere efcaped any 
 liviog creature drawing breath , but that the Coniuls founded the retreat, and with minatory 
 
 words
 
 264 ^^^ ^^^^ Boo\ofT, Livius. 
 
 word? commanded the fouldiers,fo greedy of murder and bloudthirfly, to go forth of the camp j^ 
 Whereupon when they, were highly difcoctemed and in great indignation, tor that ihey were 
 Raid and interrupted in this fv\eetneis of eafing their anger , ardlatiatirg their revengetothe 
 full; it was time to deliver this fpeech unto them, wherein thelouldiers were given to ur.der- 
 ftand, hew the Confuls neither were behind any of them in malice and hatred to their enemies, 
 jiorvvouldbe hereafter: but as they were their chief conductors to the waf, lothey would be 
 theirieaders and fliew them the way,to unfatiable appetite of revenge and execution ; hadnotihe 
 care and repard of thofe 600 Horfemen,which were kept as hoOages in Luceria,coo\ed their thirft 
 and fiaid their llomacks; lelf haply the enemies in defpair to find pardon and mercy, fhouldrun 
 upon them in a blind fit of fury and rage, and put them all to the fword ; chufmg rather to tor- 
 ment and kill them fir(f , before they died themfelves. The fouldiers greatly commended this I 
 courfe, and rejoyced that thus their choler was allaid,and their fury bridled 5Confeffing,Th at they 
 wereindecdtoabide'all whatfoever, rather than the life of fo many of the forwardelt and princi- 
 pal young Gentlemen of i^owe, ftiouldbebetraid, or in danger. This audience being difmifled, 
 they drew together, to a Councel, whether with all their forces they fhould affail and prefs hard 
 upon Lticeria^ or with one of the armies and chief Leaders, give the attempt to found the Jpuli- 
 <?w,a.cIofeand fecretkind ofpeoplethereabout,whoever to thatday hadllood in doubtful terms 
 with them. 
 
 Publms the Conful, who had taken this journey to' over-run all Apulia, in that one voya^ge and 
 expedition, either by force fubdued and brought under his obeifance certain Srates, or upon con- 
 ditions entred league and fociety with them. P^p^rifn alfo,who Raid at the fiege of L«<rm^,vvith- 1^ 
 in a fliort lime fped according to his expeifation. Forhavingforelaidandbefet all thewayes,by 
 which viilual was conveyed thither out oi Sammum^ the Samnits who Jay in garifon at Lucena^ 
 pinched and tamed with famine, fent Embafladors to the Roman Conful, making offer 10 releafe 
 and deliver up into his hands thofe Horfemen , (the onlycaufe of theprefent war) in cafe he 
 would raife and levy the fiege. Tov^hom Pupyrius mzd&thh anfwer,ihatthey fhould have gone 
 firft to Pontius-, the fon of Hcrennms-, by whofe counfel they had put the Romans under the yoke 
 and the callows, to learn and know of him , what in his opinion they wero to abide, who were 
 vanquifhedand overcome. Howbeit, for ai'much as they had rather, and chofe rather to be cen- 
 fured indifferently, and to receive equal conditions of their enemies, than of their own felves, he 
 willed the Embafladors to give them to underHend in Luceria^ that they fhould leave their ar-L 
 mor, their bag and baggage, their beaHs of carriage, and impotent multitude not fit-for the wars, 
 within in thewais. Andas for the fighting fouldiers,he would put them to pais under the gallows 
 in their hngle fhirts, tor to revenge the fliamefirft offered them, 9ndnottoinfli6> any new igno- 
 miny upon them. Nothing was denied and refufed : feven thoufand men of war were put under 
 the "allows , a rich and huge pillage raifed within Luceria, all their ownenfigns and armor re- 
 cained, which they had lolf at Caudinm ■ and that which furmounted all other joyes, they reco- 
 vered again thofe Gentlemen of arms, whom jlying for pledges and fecurity of the peace aforefaid, 
 the.Samnits had fent to Lucenatohe. kept in fate cuflody. There isnot lightly to be found a vi- 
 6lory more noble, and of greater confequence to the people oiRomt than this,in regard of the fud- 
 den chance offortune, in cale^asfome records bearwitnefs) Pontius iMohmkl^ the fonoiHe- M 
 rennitis-, and General of the Samnits, to makefatisfaftion and quittancefor the Confuls dil'grace 
 andfliame, was put under the yoke, as well as all the reff. But I lefs marvel that it isnot clear, 
 but left uncertain, that the enemies General was rendred, and went under the gallows : this ra- 
 ther I wonder at, that doubted it is, whether Lucins Cornelias Dictator, with L. Papirius Cttrfiry 
 General of the Horl'emen, managed thcfe afts firif at Caudium-) and then afterwards at Luceria t 
 and being the only revenger of that difgrace of the Romans,triumphedmofl worthily (I dare be 
 bold to fay) of any man before that time, aemo Furius Camillus : or whether the chief honour 
 hereof pertain by right to P^/)/W«/ as Conful. Upon this error followeth another in the nack 
 of it, whether /'^/>/r/«;,iurnamed Curfor^ for his good fervice at Z/«(rfr/<j,in the next Ele6fion,con- 
 tinued in Magillracy, and were made the third time Conful with Q. t/£mylius Caret ams, the fe- N 
 condtime : or whet her it were L.Papyrias MurjUanus, and the error grew upon the furname. But 
 it is agreed upon by all writers,that from this time forward all thereliques ofthe wars, were per- 
 formed and finitl^ed by Confuls. ty£mylins'm one profperous battel made a final conquefl: ofthe 
 Ferentans, and uponcompofition had the City delivered up unto him, whither they had retired 
 their forcfi^ for fuccor after rhcir defeat in the fieldjandholf ages wereimpofed upon fhem. With 
 likegood tucceis fooght the other Conful with theSatricans, who being Roman citizens, hsd 
 revolted to the Samnits. after thclofs atCW/Ww) and had received into their City a garrifon of 
 theirs. For when as the Roman army approached under the walls oiSatricum, and that the ci- 
 ti?etis within ('after Embaffadors tent to treat by way of humble petition for peace) hid received 
 this hard and heavy anfvver from theConl'ul, That unlefs they would kill the garrifon ofthe Sam- O 
 nits, or deliver them into his hands, they (liouldcome no more again to him: the Coloners and 
 inhabitants were m'tre frighted and terrified with thaclpeech, than at all the forcible attempts of 
 their army. Whereupon the Embaffadors followed their tuit hard an^ continued flill,demanding 
 very often of the Conful how he could believe, that they being but few feeble, anddifarmed, 
 fliould be able to force a garrifon fo ftrong and wel appointed, againff their wills ? being willed to 
 ask counfel of them, by whofe means they had received the faidgirriioninto the Town^they de- 
 parted 
 
 1
 
 1. he ninth Bool^ofT^Llvius 
 
 A p-irted their vvi» es : and hai ing hardly obtained leave & licence at hi.s h nd> to >. onfult wit;-, li.eu 
 Senate and to b.ing anrvver,they Rtarn home agjin.Their Senate wasdn id.d into two raCiicn, 
 whi hdiiiraded and bed ciicm ;n .uipcn.e that they ^ould not loon rcioivc. Theone,i.onhl.in-' 
 oftbeLhittperfonagev.i.d headmen who bad toiliciccd them to revolt trom the people of /eowr; 
 the otherottrochearted ind loyai C.iti7cns.Hovvb;it botli lides drove in the end and endeavo- 
 red to labour the Confui for re en illation of peace, Tlie one part thought it bffi.icnt (be anfe 
 the Samnit.n garrifon having not prov iiion enough aforehand to hold out the liege, was to depaiC 
 thenightioilovving) togivenotue to the Coniiil, what hour of thenight, through what "ate the 
 enemies would go forthand which way they would take: the other,namely,3gain(l whole will 
 
 B they were revolted to the Samnits the very fame night, opened another gate beiides to the Con- . 
 ful, and privily let their enemies armed into the i-.Jty. So by a twofold cornplot of treafon, they 
 were furpiifed unawares and all their throats cut not only the garrifon of the Samnit3(by rea on 
 that the wood^ all about the high way. were laid for them and bsfct) but a!fo at one inllant there 
 vvasaflioutandallarmraifcdby the enemies within the City, which was full of them .-and thus 
 in the fpace of one hour both the Samnits were flain, the Satricans taken, and all they had in the 
 world leifed into the bands of the Conful: who after diligent inquilition by torture. Who were 
 the principal authors of this revolt ? whomfoever he found guilty, thole he fcourged and behea- 
 ded : and letting there a firong garrifon he took from the Satricans all their armour.From thence 
 Papyritu Curfor departed to Rome for to triumph ( as they write, that fay, by his leading L.tceri^t 
 
 Q was recover<;d,and the Samnits put under the yoke,) And without queliion, a man he was wor- 
 thy of all commendations of a warriour, furpaHlng not only in fortitude and courage of fpirit, 
 bat alfo in torce and natural ftrrngth of body and namely,for his good footmanOiip : whereupon 
 he got his furname * Curfor. For in running (they fay) he had not his peer but went away with * An ex«I. 
 prick and prize before all other in thofe dales : and were it by reafon cf his bodily \ igour and '"" "'"'"^'■' 
 llrongconUitution,or his much exercife.a ftout and mighty eater he was- he dr.mkas liberally to 
 his meat and could carry it as well. Never bad footor hone under any Captain more rough and 
 harder iervice,forthat himfelf wasof fo tough metall and fteel to the very Ixuk (as they fay) that 
 he could abide any pains and travell vvhatfoever. His horfemen upon atiine were fo bold, as to 
 requeil him in lieu of their good feruce in fome exploit, to eafe them a little of their ordinary 
 
 jj toil and labour: yes marry will I (quoth he )and that ye fliall not complain that ye have no eafe- 
 ment at ail, l wbl eafe you of this pains, That when ye alight from your horfes, ye fliall not need 
 any more to (iroke their flioulders,back and buttocks,He was a man behdes for fevcrity flraight, 
 and of right great command, as well over his allies and confederates as his own Citizens. The 
 Pritor of Prcnejle-Soi vtt'j fear chanced once to be fomewhat behind, and flack in bringing for- 
 ward the rereward, into the vangard and front of the battel : as he walked before his pavilion he 
 commanded him to be called unto him : when he wasco[Pe,he willed the ferjeant to bring forth 
 his axe immediately : at which word when the Prenellin flood amazed and well near deadj Dif- 
 fpatch Liftor (quoth he) Hock me up and grub this root that hindreth them that walk this way : 
 and when he law him art onied and his heait in his heels for fear of death, he let a good round Hne 
 
 £ upon his head,andfolet him go.Doubtlefs in all that age( than which there was never any more 
 tisrtile and fruitfuUfor.vertue and valour) there was no one man, upon whom the Rate of Rome 
 retted and relied more : Infomuch as men haddeftined,and in their minds appointed him to have 
 matched and made head with Jiexander the great, if after the conquett of ylj-a, he fliould have 
 bent his power hither, and warred in Emope. 
 
 Albeit it may well appear that I have nothing lefs fought, ever fince I began this work, than a dJgreffion 
 to digrefs and de:line more than was needful, from the order and courfe of mine hillory, and by to a tiifcourfe 
 extravagantgarnifhing and mingling my writings with variety of matters, both to feek for the "f eomparrifon 
 readers plealant ttarts and diverticles to repofe themfelves, and for my I'elf fome eafe and recreati- ,^rf*"(," Groe 
 onof myfpirits: yet the mention offomightya King and renowned Captain, makethmeto andiheRo* 
 
 p think upon, and to utter abroad the fecret conceits and difconrfes, which often I have cafl and mans, 
 loffqdinmymind : and which induce me now tofearch and examin willing!y,what event woulci 
 have hapned and befaln to the Romans, in cafe they had waged war with ^t//.r'.v.z«(^<fr. Firtt and 
 foriTiott,the things that feem to bear fway and prevail in war, be thefe (to'wit) number of foul- 
 diers, valour, and courage withall, wit, luificiency and dexterity of their chief leaders, andlaft- 
 !y,fortune,which as in all other humane and worldly affairs beareih agreatlfroke, foin warmolt 
 of all. Which points, if a man conlidereitherfeverally by themfelves, or jointly altogether, do 
 prove that the Roman Empire and government had Rood as well againft him as other princes and 
 nations invincible. And firlf ,to begin with comparing ot the Captains themfelves; Ido not deny, 
 but that Alexander viis a. noble and lingular warrior: and this maketh more for his fameandre- 
 
 Gnownthat he was a fole commander of himfeif. that he wasa young man anddiedinthegrowtU 
 of his profperous affairs before he had t'elt and tatted of adverfe fortune. For toletpafs other o- 
 iher glorious Princes and brave captains, (the great mirrours and examples of humane changes 
 and varieties of this world)what wasitthatexpofed(^;r«/,whom the Greeks commend and irijg- 
 nifie above all other,as alio of hte time, Pompsr the great, to disfavor & the turning wheel offor- 
 tune,but only this.ihat they lived long ? Let me but rebearfe and reckon up the Romancapnins ; 
 and tholenot alLnor in every age,wherein they flouriflied; but even them only,wif h whom b^ing 
 dther Coniuls or DlAnov^AlexMder ftiould have warred, if had he come : namely, My.lenHs 
 
 A a ' Corvims^
 
 2^5 '^ ^^ ni^^h Boo}{^ of T. Livius, 
 
 Corvinpts^C.Manipis Rwilius,C'SftlpitiusJ'.Manlius Torqmtus^ Q,.Pi4b!iHS Phi/j,L.PapiriusCfir-}i 
 (or-,Q.Fal)ius Maximus : ilie two DecitX.VoluTnmus^M .CurtHs: Belides other brave menand vali- 
 ant perfonages that followed after jn cafe he had fought theCarthaginian were ruli(f<-'r if he had 
 lived he meant to have warred there; and then paffed over into /f<«/7,when he had bvcn well t'.epc 
 in years. In every one of thefe there were the fame good pares, the iiketowardrjefs of nature.as 
 muchfo'rwardnelsot courage and ipirit, as in Alexander, yea, and as good Military difcipline, 
 which e\en from the foundation of the City, paffmg from hand to hand , g-^vv at kn^Th 'o -.he 
 form and perfection of an Art,framed Si compiled of continual ru'.es and precepts,and confirmed 
 by experiments. For fo.afcer one courfe the Kings cond^fted their wars ; even fo,next unto them 
 the banilhers of the Kings, (to wit;the Junii and Faleri;) ro,confequently the F.^l>!i., the Qiimtii-, I 
 and Corneln : fo did tHnm Cawtlltss, vjhom thofe two Romans in their youth(yl^^»/.-«; Torcfuatus 
 and t^aleruis Corvims) vi'nh whom v4/f;c.?«^erfhouldhaveencountred, faw an aged man in the 
 latter end ol his daies.And whereas Alexander ventured his own proper perfon in battel,and per- 
 formed allMilitary duties with other fouldiers,(which wasnot the leaft part of hispraife&glory) 
 would MakHhs Tor^aaeus have given him one inch of groundthink ye,if he had met with him in 
 skirmifli equally matched ? or rdmus Corvhms either, both ot them brave & ftout fouldiers be- 
 fore they were leaders and captains? Or would the Decii have givenhim place, who with devoted 
 bodies to deathjCame among the thickefi of their enemies into prefect danger? Would P^p? us 
 Cwr/i?" have given him way, amanof thatincomparable ftrength of body, & invincible courage 
 of heart ? And(not to name every one particularly^would thatSenat & Council have been over- K 
 wrought with the liratagems&policiesofthat one young man? which, whofoever hewasthat 
 faid,it°confifted and was compofed altogether of Kings, was the only man that conceived & com- 
 prehended the true image and Idea of the Roman Senat.Mary ,here was all the doubt ( forfooth ) 
 left that he knew how to chufe out a convenient plotof ground ,to pitch aCamp in,more wifely &: 
 cunningly than any one of thofe before named-to make provifion for vi<Sual,to forefee& beware 
 of ambufhes, to pick out U take a meet time for to fight abattel, to fet his battaillons in array, 
 ar.d to ftrengthen the fame with fufficient fuccours & fupplies from the reregard,Snrely .he would 
 have faid himfelfithat he had not now to deal with Darius, which Monarch carrying with time 2 
 train of dainty women,and tender Eunuchs, weakned and made effeminate with wearing purple 
 and "oldjWith all his rich furniture,for fhew and oftentaiion of his wealthy and fuperfluous for- L 
 tane^, Alexander without any bloudfhed,with doing nought clfebut knowing well how tocon- 
 temn fuch toies and vanities conquered as a prey and booty rather than an enemy and warrior. 
 He would have thought verily that thefcituation and nature of //;;?/; far differed from that of 
 /W.'rf-,through which he marched at his eafe with his drunken Army. tealfingand banquetting all 
 the way ; bucfpecially,when he fhould havebeheld the woody forrefls and unpaflable ftraights of 
 ji-pulia-i the high hilsand mountains o^Lucania, and the frefh marks and tokens of the lofs that 
 hapned in his own name and houfe,namely5where not long before his Uncle AUxaKderhtQ King 
 of £p;>-«sj miferably perifhed. Our talk all this while is of ^/i'.v^;;(;itf>-,not drowned yet with the 
 overflow of profperity ; wherein no man had ever lefs rule of himfelf than he. Whom if we con- 
 fidetjashe wasarraiedinthehabitandattireof his new fortune, and (if Imay fofay^of a new M 
 nature, whereinio after hisconquefls and victories he was transfigured; furely he would have 
 come into Italy more like a Darius than zn Alexander yznd brought a baflard army with himno- 
 thing at all refembling but quite forgetting their native country of Afacedonie,degenetned ajrea- 
 dy,and growing out of kind, into the manners and fafhions of the Perfians. It grieveth me, and 
 lamafhamed, info great a Monarch as he was, toreportthe proud changing and variety every 
 while of hisappareWhis exceffue vain-glory anddefire of beingcourted and crouched unto(as he 
 was)in flattering manner by men lyingupon the earth groveling and proflrac at his feet.Such ab- 
 jeift bafenefs (hould have been hardly endured of Macedonians conquered and fubdued ; much 
 lefs than being conquerours as they were. Abaftied T am to recount the foul and horrible tor- 
 ments & executions, the murders of his well deferving friends, even in themidft of his cups andN 
 dainty viands: laft of all. his vanity, his over-weening, and forging to himfelf a divine race and pe- 
 digree from the gods. But what if his dr.inkennefs and unmeafurable love of wine, were every 
 day more than other? what if his fell anger and exceeding heat of cholerincreafed daily?(for Ire- 
 port nothingbut that which all writers agree upon)reckon we not thefe infirmities for gveat ble- 
 milhes and wondrous hindrances,to the vertuesand perfeffionsofa warrior &generr.l comm.jn- 
 der ? But here is all the danger and fearCwhich fome are wonr to give out & alledgeeven the vai- 
 neftperfonsof all other Greeks, who favour & magnifie the glory o.the veryParthiansincom- 
 parifon of the Roman name) that the people of Rome had never been .ibie to abide the very ma- 
 jefty and name of Aiexander\be great.(And I think verily that even themfelves th:it talk fo much 
 of him neverheard the truth ,fo much as by the brute and fame)and that agalnft whom in Athens, Q 
 aCitymightily decayed by war with the Macedonians, and even then, when as they might fee 
 before their face the ruins of Thehes in manner fmokingfull in their eyes- the Orators durft 
 freely make pubhke inveitives ( which appearcth by the very records of cheir Orations now 
 extant ) againft him ; I fay, not one of fo many States and noble perfonages of Rome durft have 
 opened hismouth and givenone word again frankly .^nd boldly. How much foever the grandeur 
 andgreatnefsof'this man may be conceived and !m:ig'ned in the mind, all that ihall be but one 
 only manjrifing, growing, and come to his height with the felicity of little more than ten years. 
 
 Whhic 
 
 I 
 
 1
 
 The ninth Bool\ofT. Livius. ~^26j 
 
 f^ which happinefs ol:' his, they that extol in this refpeft, that the people of Ho^e, although iiino" 
 war they vyere fubdiied, yet in many battels had the foile and Jolt the day ; whereas w/^-v./W^r 
 never fought field but he won the vidory; little underhand they, that compare the exploits of 
 one perron,and him a young man, with the the deeds and a^s of a State, whiLh had now warred 
 eight hundred years. And can we marveli, it when on the one part there may be reckoned more 
 ages than years on the other, that in fo long a time, fortune fliould vary morc,than in the [pace of 
 thirteen years ? But why compare you not man with man, Captain with Captain, and lay their 
 fortunes together? How many Roman Captains and Generals, in this cafe am I able to name, 
 who never loft field? Ye may turneveryleafand page of the yearly annals of MagiHrates, of 
 
 P day-books andjournals of thofe Confuls and Didators, whofe valour and felicity the people of 
 Mome had ne\er cau'.e to repent of and bedilcontemed for, fo much as oneday. And that which 
 tnaketh them more wonderful, and to be admired zho\e ^l-.xandtr or any other Kino in the 
 world, fome ot them bare the Didfatorfliipbutten ortwenty dales ; and none the Confulfliip 
 longer than a year.Their lei ies and mufters now and then were letted and impeached by the Tri- 
 bunes of the Commons. Thedueandbeft time for war otherwhiies overflipped them, and yet 
 they went forth. Before their term expired,they were ohen called home for to be prehdents ot the 
 Magiftrates EjedHon. In the very midft and buheft time of their affairs, the year very often tur- 
 hed abbut. Theinconiideraterallinefscre while, ana thepeevuh crookednefsanotherwhileof 
 - a Collegue and companion in government was hindrance and harm both. They fucceeded fundry 
 
 Q times after the lofs and overthrow of their predeceflbrsjand received thearmyeither of rawun- 
 
 ' trained fouldiers or Uich as were in illdifcipiine trained up: whereas K.ingsand Monarchs contr^- 
 riwire,not only treed and exempt from all fuch obdacles and inconvenicni.eS) but alfo Lords and 
 Mafiers,and of abfohjte command, over their enterpriles,over times and feafons fit for execution, 
 give dircdion to others,draw ail after them to their ad^ ice and (.ounfcl, and are then felves dire- 
 cted and ovet-ruied by none. Say now ,x.hii J lexa^der were invinLible,and dealt with thefe Cap- 
 tains as invincible as himfelf,heihouldlikewifehave hazarded as }2,reat pawns and favours of for- 
 tune as any of them ; nay ratner,he Hiould have adventured and incurred more jeopardy; in that 
 the Macedonians had but .^/?.v<j«dfr alone, a man not only fubje<St but alfo expohng himl'elfto 
 many perilious chances ': but many Romans there had been equal lo Alexander, either for "lory 
 
 -V or greatnefs of their worthy deeds • whoevery onediould have lived and died according to the 
 fatal courfe of his own feveraldefliny, without the hazard of the whole and main chance. It re- 
 maineth now that forces be compared with forces, and armies to armies, either in number, or in 
 quality offou.'dicrs,or multitude of Allies, from whom they had their aids. There were efteemed 
 by computation in theTaxingyears and Surveies taken by the Cenfors ofthatage, twohundred 
 and fifty thoufand polls Citizens of i?o»;<?. And therefore in all the revolts and rebellions of their 
 allies the Latines^they were able to levy and enroll ten legions compleat of Roman Citizens well 
 rear and none elfe. And for many years oftentimes there were four and five armies employed at 
 once,which maintained wars in 7>/«»,in Hetrmia-^in Umbrias-ikz alfo the Gauls with you their 
 enemies jikewife Lucania in Sammum. Befides all thefe, Alexander fliould have found all Latium 
 
 £ with the Sabins,Volfcian?,and j£quians ; all Camfania^ part of tlmhria and Hetmria, with chePi- 
 centes theMarfians,Pelignians,Veftins, and Apulians, and allthecoalladjoyning thereto of the 
 Greeks^along the nether Tyrrhen fea, from the Thurians to N..:ples and C«wf/>and from thence, 
 the Samnits,as far as to Antium and Hoftia. All thefe he flionld have met withjcither mighty and 
 puiffant allies and friends to the Romans, or if they were enemies, vanquifliedandfubdued by 
 theirarms. Hefhould havepafled thefeashimfelf, having of o'dMacedonian bands, notabove 
 thirty thoufand foot, and four thoufand horfe, and thole, mollot themTheflalians ; forthis was 
 all his power. And in cafe he had joyned thereto the Perfiansjlndi^nsjand other fuch nations, he 
 fhould have drawn along after him, more let .ind encumbrance, that help and fuccour by them. 
 Take this over and befides, The Romans had frefli fiipplies alvvaies ready and near at hand, at 
 
 p home in the City : whereas ^/^A-Wf?- his army ( asatteivvardsit hapned to ^««/^..7 warring in 
 a flrange country ) would have waxed old and decayed. They had for their armour and wea- 
 pons,a"fhield or buckler and a fpear in manner of a pike. The Romans had a t.irget of larger ca- 
 pacity to cover the whole body, and a Javelin, beinga weapon much better and more forcible 
 thanthepike, either to (Irike and pufli withall near hand, or to be 1 meed a far off. The fouldi- 
 ers, I confefs,both of the one fide and the other-, Hood theirground furely, kept their place and 
 arraylfill within their feverall ranks. The Macedonian huge Philanx moved not, wasftedfaft 
 and alwaies alter one fort: but the Romans battalion more difiindl, and confilUngof many 
 parts eafie both to divide and difplay, or to joyn and reunite upon any occafion. Tofpeaknow 
 «f painfull work and travell, what fouldie: is comparable to theBoman? Who better .ble 
 
 G to endure all fort- of labour ? Alexander by the lofs but of one battell had been .lean done, and 
 hir war at an end forever. But the Romans, whofe hearts,neitherthe fl-iamefulldifgrace at Cau- 
 dium^ northe wofullde'eat atO!»>7<«, could amate and d.int; wha' power wou!d have difcoura- 
 ged ? What battell in the world would have broken theirbacks ? Certainly , .^lexa-'tder although 
 he had profperity and good fuccefs in his firft beginnings andenrerpriles, would oftentimes 
 here have miffed his Perfians and Indians, and de fire with all his hejrt to have had dealing 
 with them again, and other cowardly and daftard Nations of Afia: nay, he would have faidj 
 that he had warred before but with women, as Alexander, King oi Efirut (by report) gave out, 
 
 A. a a when
 
 268 J be ninth BooJ\^of T.LWms, 
 
 when he was wounded to death, conferring the eafie occurrents of war which this young Prince H 
 his nephevv,metwichaU in^y?^,with thedifficultiesof his own th^t he found he;c^a /f. //. And 
 verily, when I call to mind and remember the conflicfts and fights at fea, in ihefirft Puuickwar, 
 lor the fpace of twenty four years, with the Carthaginians, I liippofe the wholeage oi Alexander 
 would hardly have brought about and finifiied that one war, and againll one of thofe two 
 States. And perad^ enture, when both Carthaginians and Romans had been combined, either ac- 
 cording to the ancient leagues,or for equall fear of a common enemy, and thofe two Cities mod 
 puilVant both for men and munition, had taken arms at once again(t him, he would have been 
 overwhelmed with the Punit-k and Roman war together.Moreover,the Romans have made good 
 proofofthe Macedonians as enemies, if not when they had v4/c.v^;«<^*)' to be iheir Captain, nor I 
 whiles the Empire of Macedonie was at the beftjand ttood upright unfoiled: yet tried theoithey 
 havcandmade head againlUhem under the conduit of ^>?nor/>/*», Phiuf^ and /^r//: and it ne- 
 ver cort them the lofs- and overthrow of their ownparc, no, nor fo much as any appearance of 
 dan^eratali, I would not be thought to fpeak aproud word, butbeitfaid withoutarrbgancy, 
 and fating all our civilJ wars afide ; never were we diHrefled) either by horfe or foot, never in o- 
 pen field a°nd battel ranged, never on even and plain ground, never in unequal places of difadvan- 
 taoe,vvere we endangered. Thefouldier in heavy and compleat harnefs, Iconfefs, may fear the 
 Cavalry in the plains: rtaay fearfliot of arrows, cumberfomeforreHs and woods,ftraight gullets, 
 and unpaffable wilds, wirhout waies forward or backward : but let there be a thoufand armies 
 greater and (Ironger than the Macedonians or Alexanders^io\or\^ as we hold together-, and con- K 
 tinue ftill in this love of pface and care of civill concord, wherein we live at this prefentjWe arc 
 able,and ever fhall be.to difcomfit and put them all to flight. 
 
 After this, were M.Follnui F/acciKa,And L.Plautius Venox Confuls. The fame year there came 
 from fundry Nations of the S'amnits Embafladors, to treat for the renewing of the league, and 
 moved the Senat, moft humbly kneeling protlrate upon the ground: but being put off and refer- 
 red tothepeople,their prayers availed not to fuch effeft: for as touching a lesguCjihey had a flat 
 nay. And after they had for certain dales together importuned them one by one apart, with cap 
 and'congee : at length after much fuit,they obtained truce for two years. And out oiJpuiia the 
 Theanenfes and Canufins wearied with rodes and fpoilmadein their Territories, after they had 
 put in hoftages to L«cw P^r«f;WtheConful, yielded thertifelves to his protedion. The fame L 
 year firft began Ptovods to be created at C<?;>«<«, to govern under certain laws given unto them 
 by L.Furius the Pretor : after that themfelves had made fuit for the one and the other, as a reme- 
 dy for their (late, greatly decaied through civill difcord. And at Rome were two more Tribes 
 added to the refl, Ufe>itina.)ii\d Fahrinn. When Alalia, began once to fhrink and go backward, 
 the Theatin3,being alio Apulians,prefented themfelves unco the new Consuls, C.JfmifisBuhttlcftif 
 and Q,JEw}J/u! Bar/?fila-,and fuedto enter into a league with the Romans. And fince they were 
 the men that led the way firfl, and by their example and perfwafion induced all ^^//Vi to be in 
 peace with theRomans, and had confidently undertaken, as fureiies and pledges to bring it to 
 pafs they obtained their requeft. Yet was not the league indifferent and formal, with equal con- 
 ditions, but fo, as they fliould be in fubjeilion to the people of RofMe. After that Apulia was M 
 conquered ( for Jmius had won alfo Tareutum, a ftrong town and a rich ) they marched forward 
 againR theLucans. Then upon the fudden coming of Emjlius the other Conful, Nerulum was 
 by for:e taken. And after that it was noifed abroad amongft the allies of the people of ^owr, 
 that the (late and weal publike of Capua wereeflablifhed by Roman difcipline and government; 
 the Antiats alfo.who made moan and complained, that they lived without pofitive fet laws and 
 Maoiflrates, obtained of the Senate certain Advocats and Commiflioners, to ordain Statutes 
 likewife for that Colony. So, that not only the Roman arms, but alfo their law and jurifdi«5lion 
 extended far and near.and was of great requeft.C.y«»;«j B^hulcus-, andj^. &,mylius Barhula Con- 
 fuls, in the end of the year, delivered their Legions not to theCoff. by them created, Sp.Nait- 
 tius;znd M.Pop lius^hwi conligned them to L. MmjUusihe DiAator. Who with his General of N 
 horfe, L.Fuhittsi began to layfiegeto54')-/cK/^, whereby he gave the Samnits occahon to re- 
 bell. Which brought upon the Romans a double fear two waies. For of the one fide the Sam- 
 nits having affembled a mighty army, to deliver theirallies from the fiege, pitched their Camp 
 not far from the Romans leaguer: on the other fide, the Satricans fet open their gates fudden- 
 ly, and with a great tumult brake into the wards and corps de ^mrd of their enemies. And fo 
 both parts, relying rather upon hope of fuccour and help elfewhere, thantrufting upon their 
 own (Irength, within a while began to charge theRomans infullbattell, with banner difplai- 
 ed, and dillreffed them. And although the Dictator was affailed both waies, yet was he fure 
 and lafe on either fide, becaufe he had got a plot of ground, not eafie to be compafl'ed, ancl 
 made head both againft the one and the other, advancing his enfigns accordingly. Howbeit, Q 
 he charged more hotly upon them that fallied forth, and without much ado beat them a- 
 gain within the wals. Then turned he the whole battell upon the Samnits. Where there was 
 hard hold, and more to do. The victory, thouoh Icrgfirft, was neither doubtful nor variable. 
 The Samnits being cha'ed and driven into their Camp, having in the night put out all their 
 fires, diflodged and departed privily away: and being paft all hope of defending 5^fnc«/<i, they 
 befieoed Phflia, a town confederate to the Romans,to requite their enemy with the like difplea- 
 furc. The revolution of the year being gone about, the war continued under the condudl of 
 
 Q^Fabius
 
 The ninth BooJ^ofT, LWms. 260 
 
 A 2..F<*[;i/is Di&itoi : and the new Conlulsj like as the former remained flill at Ramr. And F.-r^i«i 
 came before SMncula to receive the Army of i-y£rn',l::ts^ bringing with him a new fnpply to make 
 up ihebroken bands : for the Samnits made no (by at Pl/fti.i.bui having levied and ;enc for frcfli 
 fouldiers from home, prefuming upon their great numbers, enLamped in the very place where 
 they layaiore: whereby braving the Romans, and challengingthem with many skinnifhes.they 
 would have forced them to raife the liege. But the Didator fo much more carne.'tly bent his for- 
 ces againR the wals of the enemieSjthinkingit thebelf pie.eof feriice CO allail theTown, asbe- 
 ing of fuch importance CO the relf of the war, which depended thereon : and was more carele fs 
 iherefoie of the Samnit?,and only oppofed againfl them certam guards both d.iy and night, alon'' 
 gthe trench and rampire, to keep them trom making any affjult upon the Camp. Bn: the Samnits 
 on the other fide, fo much the more fiercely ? kirmiflicd on horfeback about the fortihcations,and 
 never gave them relt, Infomuch, as when the enemy now wasat the point to enter the gates of 
 the Camp, the General ofthe Horfe.^. JEmyi'us C£/-etMMs,\\kho\K idv]:e iud direvStion of the 
 Dit^acorriding forth in a great noifc with alibis Corrietsof HoriC; repelled the enemy. But even 
 in that light manner of skirmifli,and nO fct battel of any long continuance, Fortune to plaid het 
 part,aiid fhewed what fhe could do, that oneicher fideihercbe'eilanotablelofs, with the glori- 
 ous death oi both the Captains. For the General ofthe Simnitsfirli taking it to heart, to fee 
 JEmyliHs fo fiercely ride and givethecharge, and him elf to be difjiraied and driven out ofhis 
 place,withmuchintreatingandexhortinghishorfemen, renewed the fight. Againfl whom, as he 
 ^ advanced himfelf,bravely to befeenamongd his menand fought molf valiantly, the Roman Ge- 
 neral ofthe horfe,withfpe3r in rert,fogallopedhishorfe,that with one p'.ifliheuRhorfcd him and 
 left him for dead : and yet for all this was not the whole troop bef.des ( as commonly it is fcen ) 
 atthe fall of their Captain fo much amazed, as provoked rather to hght. For they that were 
 about him charged E,myUus hard as he raflily rode without heed, and engaged himfelf too 
 far within chethickelt ofthe fquadrons of his enemies, and lanced their javelins at him: but 
 they gave the fpecial honour to the brother of the Samnits Captain to be revenged for his 
 death. He, full of anger and forrovv, plucked j£w;/'«; from his horfe, and flew him in the 
 place, even in the midft of hisvi'iory: and for that he fell amon^ the troops of his enemies, 
 he had like to have left his deadcorps among the Samnits. Bucprefently theRomansaligh- 
 l^tedonfoot, and the Samnits were forced todothe fame: a nd thus being arranged fiiddenly 
 in great ha(fe into battalions, there began a cruell fight on foot about thebodics of the Cap- 
 tains. Wherein the Romans went clear away with the better, and having recovered the corps 
 oi JEmyliMs^ in great joy, intermingled with forrovv, they returned winners into their Camp. 
 The Samnits thus having lofl their Captain, and tried their ftrength what they could do in 
 fight on hcrfe-back, \tk SatricuU-, which they fuppofed could no: poffibly be defended, and 
 fo returned again to the fiege of riifl'Hi. After few dales, Sa'ncula vvas furrendred by compo- 
 fitionto the Romans, and the Samnits by afiault won Pliflia. Then changed they the feat town 
 ofthe war. For out o{Sant>iiHmzv\d]Af4i^i-, thelegions were removed to Sor^. 'Y\\\sSor^ 
 was revolted to the Samnits, and had llain all the inhabitants therein that were Romans. 
 £Again(t which place, when the Romans were come firlf by ^rearjournies to revenge the lofi 
 ol their Countrymen, and to recover the Colony, their efpials and fcouts whom they had 
 fent outdlfperfed along the high waics, brought word, that the Legions ofthe Samnits follow- 
 ed. yea,and one after another gave advertifement, that they were not.far off. Hereupon they 
 went forth to meet with the enemy, and near to a place called L.wf«/<e there w?s fought adour.r- 
 full and dangerous battel: fornollaughter it was, nor flight of either part, but the very nighc 
 that parted them, and tftey knew not whether they \\^d the better or the worfe.In fome Chroni- 
 cles I find, that the Romans lofl the day, and that there di«d in this battell ^. jEw)7«j- Gene- 
 ral! of the horfe. C. F.:hiiis tholcn in the room of E.,nylitt!, came with a new and t'refli army 
 from Rome^ and havlngdifpatched mefTengcrs before to the Dicfator to know his ad\ ice, where 
 p he fliould Ray and re(f, and what time^and which on fide he fnould fetupontheenemy: alter he 
 was well informed and inllruflcd in all points what todo, heputhimfelf clofe inainbufli. 
 The Dictator himfeif, who had for certain diie^ after the lalf skirmifh, kept his tbuldiers within 
 tren h,more like onebeficged, than befieging ; all on a hidden, put forth the fignal and token ot 
 battell : and thinking nothing more effe6tu.il to animate and kindle the courages of hardy men, 
 than to know of no other helporhope, norro trulf upon any manbutin themfelves, hecon- 
 cealed from his '.ouldiers the coming ofthe General of Horfe .'•nd hisfrefh forces ; and as if 
 there had been no other way but one, even to break forth and fally with violence: "We being ThcO-atlon 
 *• (quoth he jmy fouldiers pent here and taken tardy in tlief'efiraights have no other irtlie but i,(^rabisi* 
 " that which by viftory we Avail make open.Our hold wherein wclieisfortified fureenough but Wft'tortobij 
 G''the f^me for fcarciry of all things noil'ome, irkfome, and hurtful! to Uo' : for all parts hereabout fouldiers, 
 *' are revoked from whence wefliould have convoy ofvictualsrand were it that the people were 
 ''difpofedro help us yet the advenues Scpaffages are hard, and the placeof our abode incommo- 
 "dious. Therefore wiilnot I deceive and abufe you nny lon^'er by leaving here your tencs into 
 '' which yo m ly afrer(ye have mifi'ed the entire v litory )'^eta'Ke your felves for latety ,as ye did the 
 t'otherday: torourfortifications and hoids, ought to bedefended by forccof arms: and not 
 «'out arms bv fenced forts. Let them have their C:'.mp well fortified, to iffue forth and to retire 
 *' thither again at their pleafure, who have a purpote to make along war of it. But lee 
 
 A a 3 ' u'^
 
 270 
 
 i he math Boo\^ of T, Livius, 
 
 " us cutoff all regard of other rnsitcrs, but only of a prefect and final viilory. Advance then H 
 '■ your enfigns direft'y againft the enemy : and fo foon as our Arnay is once without the trench 
 ' and rampters.let theii 'et the tents a firejthat have the charge fo to doryou fhall make up your 
 '•yourloflesagVin my fouldiera^withthefpoil of all the nations hereabouts, that have revolted. 
 Atthi? 'peech of the Diilator, which fhewed ho other femblance but'of extream neceflity, the 
 louldiets took heart and were hotfet to march llraight to the enemy. And the very hght of their 
 tents burning behind them( albeit thofe only which (lood next were fet on fire,for fo the Dila- 
 tor had given commandment ) wasnofmall provocation and prick unto them. And therefore 
 they ga\ea charge like mad men, and atthetirlt pufliand btunc they brake thearray of the ene- 
 mies : and withall,in good time, the General of the horfe, when be faw a far off the tents on fire I 
 (for that was the fignal agreed between them) came haftily upon the back of the enemies and af- 
 lailed them.So the Samnitsbeing environed round about,made every man what fhitthecouldto 
 get forth and efcape, and fo fled. But the main multitude that were {huffled together all on a 
 round heap, for fear,, being an hinderance one to another in the prefs, was flain in the rnidft and 
 cut in piecesjthe enemies camp won, and ranfacked : with the pillage whereof the fouldiers were 
 laden and the Didf^tor brought them back unto their own Camp: who were not fo joyous for 
 the victory, as for that they found (befides a little part thereof disfigured by fire) all the reft fafe 
 and found ,bevondtheii expectation. 
 
 From thence they returned to Sara, where the new Confuls M. Petiliui and C'Uus Sulpitius 
 took the Arm.y at the hands of Fabius the Dictator : who difcharged many of the old fouldiers, K 
 and brought certain new cohorts for fupply in their (lead. But when by reafon of the difScuk 
 and unacceffib'e light of the Town, they knew not well which way, and by what means to make 
 affault, and feting that the vvnning of it would either ask longtime, or beexpofed to manifold 
 and prefent dangers : a certain runaway-Traitor ot Sora who was clofely floln out of theTown, 
 got to tne Roman Sentinels, and required forthwith to be brought to the Confuls: who being 
 prefented before them, prpmifed to betray iheTown : and being queflioned withall, how and 
 by what means he would perform that wihch he undertook, feemed unto them to alledge fome 
 reafons to oood purpofe, and prevailed fofar with them, that hecaufedthe Roman Camp, 
 which lay in a manner dofe under thewals. to be removed fix miles off the Town, faying, that 
 thereby, the wards by day, and the watch by night would be neglected, and lefs careful and dili- L 
 oent to keep the City. HimfeltthenightfoUowing, after he had willed certain cohorts offoot- 
 men to We in ambufh within the woods near the Town, took with himteneleft andchofen 
 fouldiers; and through fteep places, and fuch as were not well paffable, condudkd them into 
 the Caftle, having brought thither morefhot and darts to throw than to fervefo fmall anumber 
 ot men .-befides; there wa^ good More of ftones at hand, which lay there, either fcattering by 
 chance ( as commonly in fucli craggy and rocky ground ) or e'lfe hcnped together by the townf- 
 men ofpurpofe, for the better defence of tbephce. Wbere,after he had beftowed the Romans, 
 and fliewed them a narrow and deep path-way out of the town into the Caltle.From getting up . 
 here ( quoth he ) there nteds no more but three men only well armed to keep ba^k the greateft 
 multitude that is : yearein cu'^.Vicr rcn, and more than that, Romans; and of Romans the M 
 mort hardy and valiant : the pla:e will (lead you, I know,, the dsrknefs of the night will be for 
 your purpofe, thenig!it_, 'l;ay, w'^.h by reafon of uncertainties, maketh all thini^:feem much 
 more than they .ne to men affrighted and amazed already. I will i"or my part fet all in a burly 
 burly, look you in the mean time that you du;y keep thefortrcfs. This f:id,he rrins down with 
 as oreatanoifeandn-ioutingashe cou'd, crying, Al.irm, help, help Ciyzens, the- Caff'e is taken 
 .r. by the enemy come away to defence. Ti'.efe words he refounded ever as he rapped at the 
 b^HcafLn," gates of the p.incipal Citizens andNcbkmen: thefe words he reduubled aloud to all that he 
 ' ' met, and to as many as ran forth affrighted into thellreets. Thisfearf.il alarm received from 
 
 one man. was fet ahro-ld by many more allover the City. The Mjgiftrares quaking for fear, 
 fent certain to the Caflle in efpiax to difcover the truth : and adveiri ed by them that theCaftle N 
 was furprized indeed by armed men, and full of .'tmor^for they made the number, and every 
 thingelie more than it was) were clean put out of rl! hope to recover their Fortrefs. So every 
 where they fell to running, away: the g"tes were broken open bv them that were not well awake, 
 and ihofe moll part unarmed. At one of thegnres, thcfecnmpa'iiesof theRomans aforefaid, 
 whclay inambufli, and vvere railed with thenoife and clamour, bra^e in, and killed all that in 
 this fright rar" ueadlongin their way. Thus was i'on; won againfiihe Confuls fliouid come in the 
 morning betimes by break of day: and look whofe fortune ii was to fcape outof themaffacre 
 mid<* in the night, and toflie away thofr they took to mercy upon fuhmiffion: whereof tvfo hun- 
 dred twenty five, eventho e who by the general voire of all were pointed at, and rep'ued above 
 the reft the principal adders in that horrid maffacreabovefaid.of theRom-^nColonersv inbabi- Q 
 tants, and the authors of therevoltthcy had away with them to R-ime. hound iiand and foot. 
 The other mvtititude they left at sv.ifafeand unhurt, and planted thereagrrrifon. All they that 
 were brought to E.o»ie wereinthemarket-placefcourged with rods, and beheaded with the ex- 
 ceeding joy and contentment of all the Common?, wh'^mitcon.erned moft, that the multitude 
 vwnich fhould be fent into fundry Colonies might in every plaue live in fafety and fecurity of their 
 Jives. 
 
 The Confuls being departed from SorUt marched forward to make war upon the Lands and 
 
 Territo- 
 
 {
 
 The nimh BooJ\ofT .Umws. 2^7 
 
 niansa 
 
 A Territories of the Aufonians ; for the coming of the Sd tnnits after the battel 6TL.^«.vr/i, "they 
 were all out, full of iniurredions and coinmotiojns,and many conspiracies there were in all places 
 about (.tmf.ir.ia: neither was Cffita it felf without blame and, {.lultiels. Nay,this matter paifed as 
 far as to Rome, where information was madeagainlt lomeof the NobJe5, and warning given to 
 enquire into them. But the whole nation of the Aufonians.by reafon that theCities were bet lay- 
 edjlike as Soya, vyas reduced under obedience to the people oi RuM^.Auj'o>J:a,M!ntHrȣ^^x^d V'e- 
 fim^ were the Cities, out of which twelve of the chief yoiing Gentlemen havingconfpired and Aconfi.iracy 
 fworn together to betray their own Cities, preferited themfeUes unto the Confu^s, •-iun^' them ^'•'li'^ ^"^''" 
 tounderllard, " Thattheir countrymen wifhed long ago torthecomingof the SimnitSj'^andio 
 B '' foon as they heard ot the battel before l-aufuU, made account that the Romans were utterly 
 " vanquifheci and helped the Samnits both with men and mumtion. But now, fay they, that the 
 " Samnits were chaled from thence, they lived unrefo'.ute ii^^oubtfuU terms of pe^ce, and (hue 
 *'■ not their g-tes in dre.id upon the Romans,for fear of bringing war upon themfelves, yet obfli- 
 "nu!y ben; to fhut them if their Army approached toward them. In this wavering anddoubt- 
 " ful floating of their minds,they might at unawares be fuddenlyfurprifed. By this perfwahon of 
 theirs they encamped nearer, and at one anci the felf- fame time were fouldiers lent about thofe 
 three towns before named, fome in armor clofeiy to lie in ambufli in convenient places near the 
 wals : others in lidegowns with fwords under them, who a little before day, fo foon as the gates 
 were let open, fliould enter into thoie Cities. By whom the matter was fo handled, that A one 
 Q inrtant they began to kill the warders at the gates, und gave a lignal to thofe armed fouldiers who 
 lay inamb-ilTi.fortorifeat once and come to fuccour. Thus were the gates feized and poffeiTed, 
 and three towns in one hour by the fame ftratagem lurprized.But becaufe this exploit was perfor- 
 med in the abfence of the Captains, there yy as no Ray in execution and flaughter^Uic beyond all 
 meafure,and without all merty, no fex nor sge was fpared : and fo the whole nation of the Au- 
 fones before they were detected forceitainol revolt, was deliroyed and efiinguifned, as if they 
 had warred mortally and been at deadly teud. 
 
 Tiie lime year Lmena tame into the hands of the Samnics.by reafon that the City had betray- 
 ed and delivered the Roman garrifonto them ; but the traitors went not long unpuniflied for it. 
 The Roman Army chanced to be not far from thence, and at the firll aifault, the City (landing as 
 TV it did on a plain, was won. The Lucerins and Samnits both were put to the fword every one : 
 and fo far forth proceeded their furious rage, that when the Senat fate in council at Rome^ about 
 fending men to inhabit L«fw^, many were of mind, that the City it feU'fhouldberafecl tothc 
 ground and dedroyed : for befides the ciirfed and execrable hatred they bareagainrt them being 
 twice conquered and revoked: the diftance alio of th^ place fo remote, caufed themtomsflike 
 greatly, and abhor the confining, as it were, oftheir Citizens, fo far from hom.e, to liveamongft 
 fuch a kind of people fo cruel and dangerous. Howbeit, their opinion took place and prevailed ; 
 who gave advice, that Coloners and inhabitants fliould thither be lent, and to the number of 
 2500 were there planted. 
 
 The fame year when as theRomans found all unloyal unto them, and nothing but falflaood 
 £ on all fides J itCipwuMo certain fecret confpiracies oftheNob'.esandbelt of the City werede- 
 teiledand revealed.Touchingwhich,theSenats advice was asked, and the matter not neglert ed 
 by them, but Commiffions were appointed : and thought goodie wasthat a Diilator fliould be 
 nominatecffor to he upon the famecommilTions and inquihtions. And C.-M^aius was created, 
 who named iW,Ff//»;« General of the Horfe. Great was the terror of that MagillrJte,3nd there- 
 upon either for fear,or "uihinefs of contcience,the two Calavti^Ovins and Nuvius ,\y\\o were the 
 chief of that complot before information was given againft them by name to the Dictator, died : 
 Scqueflionlefsbv their own hands Qiortned their daiesjand lo avoided the triail of jufti.e and pu- 
 nishment accordingly. After that,when the Inquilition wanted fubjei^ matter once about the Ci- 
 ■p;{4ns ,\he. Inqnii'.tor^by interpret.uion of words in theCommifl'ion)proceeded to /lowf .faying, 
 F that the Senat had good warrant to make enquiry and (Iraightfearch. not by name andprecifely, 
 who at C.if:a cnly ; but generally , who in any place whatfoever had ufed conventicles, and con- 
 fpired againft the Common-wealth : and all fecret meetings,fay they, and packings together for 
 .to get Dignities and Ollices, were diredtly againfl: the State and Common-wealth: fo that the 
 -Commilflon extended larger both forperfon and reiladion. Yea, and the Dictator himfclf no- 
 thing gainfa id., but that the veruieof his Com-milfion was di.efted without limitation. Here- 
 upon were certain Gentlemen of the Nobility brought into qncliion : and notwithffandingthey 
 called upon the Tribi^nes for to afTilUhem.vvith interpofing their negative,yet there was not one 
 of them would fuccour and reiicvethem. the prefentment was tal<en againii them, and they in- 
 dited. Thenti'ie Nobility,I mean not them alone who were in trouble,but generally tltf whole 
 G Gentry of the City at once pleaded , That they were not the natural and true Noblemen indeed, 
 who were tobe touched and i-hi <,;^ed with this crime : who if it werenot tor fmider and indi- 
 rc'iV conrfcs. had eaiie and open ucccfs unto allhonouraMe places and promotions ; but certain 
 new npftarts and Gentlemen of the firll head: laying, That it wasthe verycifeoftheDi,5lator 
 him'cif, and his Generil of Horfe. who were rather parties gi:i',ty> a I'd offenders thcm'ehes, 
 th>nfutf|:ientIrqui!'tors, and competent Ju.iges: and that flaouldtbey well know andunder- 
 ftard when they were once ont oftheir place and office. This mide ,1 '<«>!/?*< to" beftir himielf, 
 who mindful rather of his good name and repucaiion, than reipe£i:ivc of his high place and 
 
 abfolute
 
 27 3t 7 ^^ ninth Boo\ of T. Livius, 
 
 J. ■ ^ 
 
 abfolute " o vernmenc,went up into the common place of audience before sU tbe people;and fpake H 
 Tmc O-jt'nn to thiseffedl: '• My Makers andtriends all,Citizens of Rome,Yjeh allured I arri; thai privyye are 
 otjM«»iwthe " to the whole carriage and courfe of my former life; and belides that, everthis very honour 
 Dia»tor. C-. gn^j dionity vvhi.h you have bellowed upon me, is able to teftifie and approve mine innocencie. 
 
 " For to^fit upon thefe inquihtions, there was not to be chofen now for Dictator (as: ofrentimes 
 "heretofore, according to the dangerous occafions and neceflity ot the time) a man reputed 
 '■ the bell and mofl nobiell warrior of all other; but fuch a one, as rhronghour his vvhoiciite 
 '• hathmoft of all mifliked and condemned ambitious conventicles. Howbcit.foraimuch as cer- 
 tain perfons of noble lin5ge, (for what caufe,it is more meet for you to deem and judge than for 
 me being a Magirirate,co fpeak without book, as they fay, and upon no lure ground) fint ha\ e en- I; 
 deavoured withalltheir might and main to overthrow theprocefsof theinqui!ltionitfelf;and 
 afterwards, feeing they were not aWethemfelves to bring that about (nctwithilandin^ they were 
 P.ifr;'t//)have fled to the holds of their very adverfaries,even the proteirion of the Tribunes and ^^ 
 their negative^ rather than to juftifiethemfeUes and ftand to the triall of their caufe: and^-tlafl: ;« 
 havinf' tliere alfo a repulfe(thinking all means fafer than to approve their innocende)have fain up- 
 on us, andbafhed not Cprivatmenas theyare)toaccufe and touch the perfon cf him th.;t is 
 Diftator: to theend therefore,thatbothGodandman,and ail the world may know, that as they 
 have.nff.\ied to compafs that which they are not able to bringtopafs, namely, to avoid the ren- 
 drinc an account of their life and demeanor ; fo, I arti ready ( to fet forward their aci:ufation= ) 
 to offer my felf unto mine adverfaries; and giving them means to call me tomineanfwcr, here K 
 I rcficn up my Diitatorlhip. And 1 befeech you.O Confuls, if fo be this charge belaid on you 
 by the Senat, to proceed in examination againft me firft, and this Gentleman the General of 
 WoiitM.Fellius ■■ that it may appear, how we, through our own innocency alone, and not by 
 the countenance andpriviledgeof our dignity and high calling, areprotefled and fafe from thefe 
 flanders and intended crimes. Herewith he gave over his place of Diifta tor : and after him in- 
 continently, M, Fcllim yielded up his room like wife of General over the Horfe. The'e perfons 
 were the firft,\vho being charged and put to theirtrial judicially before the Confuls, ('for to them 
 by order from the Senat, was the commilTion dire6>ed ) notwithftanding all the depolitions and 
 leftimonies of the P.itrttU, were in every point found unguilty, and :icqmuP.PhiU alfo, albeit he 
 had fo many times attained to thefupream dignities of ftatejafter he had atchievcd fo many wor- L 
 thy deeds, as well in peace as war, yet amanmaliced or envied rather of the Nobility, vvaspuc 
 to plead forhimfelf, and finally abfolved. But this inquiry into fu:h men of name and quality, 
 lafted no longer in force,(as it is ufually feen ) than whiles it was frefh ,and in the firft heat therof. 
 From themitbeganto fall to perfons of lefs reckoning and bafer account, untillfucht'ime, as by 
 the fame conventicles and fatYions,againft which it was devifed,itfellto theground,and was tro- 
 den underfoot. 
 
 The bruit of thefe thing'',and more than that, the hope of the CampAins revolt, vvheretocer- 
 tain hod confpired and fworn(asye haveheard) recalled the Samnits back again to Caudifim^viho 
 were turned and bent wholly into ^p>///4: that from thence, being fonenr at hand urto C^p«.f, 
 they might ( it haply any infurre(3:ion and trouble prefented the overture and opportunity ) leize M ^. 
 upon it and take it perforce from the Romans. Thither came the Confuls with a Urong :.nd M 
 mighty army: and at the firfl they llaied and lingred about thepaflesrrdltraid|itS; having 
 on the onefdeand theother an illway of paffage unto the enemies. Afterwards the Samnits 
 fetthiuf a fliortcompafs about, came down with their army through the open places into t-be 
 plains ; I mean the champain country and fields about C^^pua, And that yvas the firlf time that the 
 enemies had alight one of the others Camp. Whereupon by light skirmiflies, on horeb^tk ottner 
 than onfoor, they tried mafteries on either fide: neither were theRomans one jot dikonten- 
 > ted with the iffueand event thereof, nor repented of the delay whereby they drew the war a- 
 
 leni;th. Contrariwife,the Samnit Captains petLci^ ed their forces to wear d#ly by fmall lolles,and 
 their courage to cool aid decay evidently by that lingring war. Whereupon, they came abroad N 
 into the field and di-. idcd their Cavalry into wings : with a fpecial charge, to have a more careful 
 eye backward toward their camp(forfear of any impreffionand affault that way)!:han to the main 
 battel : vrhich would be guarded fafe enough by the Infantry. The Coff.marflialled thcmfelves in 
 this manner Su/p:ti:is led the right point of the battel, and PetUius the left : the right l.de( where- 
 as the S:.mnits alio werearranged in thinner ranks and files, ot p"rpo!"etocompal's anden'. iron 
 the enemies, or not to be compafled and entlofed themfelves ) flie Avd it feif more abroad and o- 
 pen.They on the left hand behdes that they flood thicker and mere clofe, were by occaf.on of a 
 hidden policy of Pct:liii;x.\\t(Zo{. farther ftrengthned. Forthofecchortsand bands which were 
 referved apirt in the rereward for help at any need, and kept frefli againrt all occurrents and ha- 
 zards of long fight ,he advanced prefently to the forclrcm in the vangard,and with all his forces at O 
 oncecharged the enemy at the firtf encounter & forced him to rctre-.t. When the footmen of the 
 Simnirs were thereby troubled and difarraied, the horfcmen I'ollowed clofe and entred into the 
 skirmifh. But as they rode trofs and overchwart between t'.,e two hofls, the Roman hcrfemen 
 pri'ked and galloped their horfes to Rank them ; and difordred and troubled the enfij^ns, cornets, 
 fq.udrons arici troops of foot and horfe pell-mell togct'^er, nntill he had caufed the whole battel 
 of that fw^e to turn their backs. In this !eh point not Pailius a!one,but Salpitins alfo joyned with 
 i.iaij and was prefent in pcrlon to exhort and encourage the fouldiers : forhe had tranfported and 
 
 diftrafted
 
 The ninth Book of T. Li vius. ^ -^ -, 
 
 A difinaedhimrelf from his own men,who as yec were not come to joyn battelat the cry & fliouc 
 thatarofefromi the left fide : and feeing on that part undoubted vidtory, he went towards his 
 owncharge.accompanied with 1 2co men: Where he found a change offortune,natnely,the Ro- 
 mans to have retreated and loft ground, and the enemy asvid^or, advancing forward his enfi^ns 
 upon'them fore difmaid and daunted. Howbeit^the Conful his coming made°a prefenc alteration: 
 for both at the light of their Captain were thefouldiers hearts refreflied and comforted; and for 
 to aid them,there came a greater fupply indeed , than in Oiew of number, of tall and lufty men.So 
 when they heard firft, and faw loon after, the vidory got of the other part, they renewed the 
 fight. After this on a;l fides the Romans had the better hand, and the Samnits giving over fight, 
 B were either (lain or taken prifoners : faving only thole, who fled to MJeventamn town now°na- 
 med Beneventum, It is left in record, that there were upon 30000 Samnits, either left killed in the 
 placejor brought away captive. 
 
 The Confuls having obtained this notable victory, forthwith from thence lead their Le'^ions 
 to lay liege unto Boviannm : and there wintred before the Town, untill fuch time as C. ffttlius 
 (chofen Didhtor together with M.Fetlitts his General of the Horfe,by the new Confuls L. Papy 
 r/«;0«r/or-the filth time,and C.Jun.Bidulcus the (ccond time) received the Army at theirhands. 
 Who hearing, that the Caftle o{ Fre^elk was by the Samnits taken, left Bovianum^ and went for- 
 ward to Frf^f//<e,vvhich he recovered again without drawing his 1 word; for that the enemies had 
 quit the place, and were fled by night :_and when he had placed a Hronggarrifon there heretur- 
 Q ned from thence into Camfania, offpecial purpofe to regain NuLi by force of arms.Thither were 
 retired within the vvals, a little before the Didiatorhis coming, both all the whole multitude 
 of the Samnits, and the ruftical pealants about 7V»Az. The Didator having viewed the fcitua- 
 tionof the Town, to the end he might have the more open accefs to the wa1s,fetallthehoufes 
 on fire that were in the fubburbs along the counterfcarpe ( and there they flood thick and were 
 wellinhabited.)Andnotlongafter, whether it were by /'m7/«^Di6tator( I know not) or r.7«- 
 wi0;Conful ( forit is reported as well of the one as the other) NoU was forced and won. They 
 that would draw unto the Conful the honour ofwinningA/a/.z, add moreover and fay, That he 
 •womlio At imzndCalMsa'- and that Petiliusupon apeftilence that began, was made Didlator, 
 for the letting or faftning of a fpike or great nail. Two Colonies that year were conduced to Sw 
 rj efa and Po»tia.Suefa belonged to the Atntifici.lhc Volfcians inhabited the Ifland Ponti£X\x.niZ 
 over againft their own (hore within a kenning. And a decree paffed from the Senat^that to Cajfi- 
 rum alfo,a third Colony there (Kould be fent inhabitants. Ai. Valerius and P.Decms,i\\Q Confuls 
 that next fucceeded,ordained three Triumvirs/or that purpofejand fent four thoufand to people 
 ihofe places. 
 
 The war with the Samnits was in a manner now difpatched and brought to an end : but before 
 that the Nobles and Senators of Rome had left the care thereof,a brute was blown of the Tuf:ans 
 war. And there was in thofe dales another nation (fetting the Gauls tumults afide) whole forces 
 and hoftiiity they more feared ; for that their country was lb near a neighbour and fo populous 
 withall. Therefore, whiles one ofthe Confuls was occupied indifpatchingthereliques of the 
 "^Wit'mSamytium^P. Pfcw whoftaid at ^owe grievoullylick, by authority of theSenat, named 
 Didfator C.Jumits Buhilcus.Ht according as the important affairs required,caufed all the younger 
 fort to take the military oath, andprell them for fouldiers. Armor, and whatfoeverrequifitebe- 
 fides,with great diligence he prepared. And albeit he were thus furniflied and well apointed yec 
 was he nothing bold and forward to begin war, willing(no doubt)to be quiet and ftand upon his 
 guard, unlefstheTufcansfhewedthemfelvesfirft inarms. The fame purpofe had the Tufcansal- 
 fo,both in preparing for war)aDd in making (fay to begin war. So, of neither fide they departed 
 out of their own limits. 
 
 In that year was there a famous Ceniorfliip oi App.* Chmclius^ind C.Ftaut'ms. But the name »Surnarred 
 of Appiushzczmz more memorable of the twain, and of happierrenown unto poflerity, for that cxcui,ihK\s, 
 F he paved with ftone the caufey or * Port-way (bearing his name)and conveyed a channel of * wa- Elihn or Blmd, 
 ter into the City of /Jow^. Which works he finifhed alone for thathisColleguefor fliameofan '^ep'ovit, 
 infamous and odious choice of certain Senators which he made-gave over the office. But Appi- ji^f^c'^'^and 
 us having the flout ftomack,engraffed in his name and houfe from the beginning ^bare the Ccnfor- »a> called^ 
 {hip alone. By the motion and means of the fame App'Hs-, the Potitii-, to whofe family properly AquncUudUi 
 belonged the Prieflly fervice, at the altar ol Hercules called Ai.uxinuu had taught certain publike 
 fervants ^for that the fundlion might be committed over to them as delegats) the folemn rites and 
 ceremonies of that facred minillry . Hereupon is reported a wonder to be fpokcn^and that which 
 might ftrike a fcruple of conrcience,and make men afraid ever after , to alter any thing in religion 
 from the former flate and firftinftitntion. For whereas at the fame time there were twelve hou- 
 G fes ofthe /'of?f//, andin them about thirty that were above fourteen years of age; within one 
 year it is faid,that they died all, with their w hole ilfue and off-fpring.Moreover,that not only the 
 name of the Por/r/V became thus e!itini^,but that App'us alfotheCenlor within certain years/' fuch 
 was theire ofthe gods mindfull of revenge)fellflark blind.ThereforeiheConfulsthac followed 
 in the next year, C 7««/«j-^«Wc«fthethird time,and Q^JEmylius Ba^l^tyLtihc fecond time. in the 
 very emrane ofrheir office framed a complaint unto the people: That by the lend and corrupt 
 Eledtion of feme new Senators ,that honourable flate and order was deformed, and namely, how 
 fooic were over-{lipt>who were of more worth than thole that were taken in : And faying pLinly, 
 
 Thaj
 
 4 
 
 7 he ninth Boo}\^ of T. Livius, 
 
 I 
 
 That they would not obferve and have in any regard fuch a choice, which without refpeft ofj{ 
 oood and bad was made for favour and affection to iomejand at the plealure of the Cenfors : and 
 immediatly they cited the Senat by name in that order and form^ as had been ufed before the 
 Cca['ors,App.Claudim AX\dC.PlantiM. 
 
 And in chac year were two places of charge and command, firft given by the people, both per- 
 »ALcgbn raining to warfare: theone,thatfixteen Colonels for four "Legions, fliould from that time for- -M 
 confiftcd now vvard by the people be created, which before were in a manner the gifts and favours conferred by "™ 
 of4ooo toot- the Dictators and Confuls ; and few or none of the people had any hand or voice therein. This 
 "*"' "o'het"^' Ail and Ordinance was propounded by L. Petiliw and C. Manim- Tribunes of the Commons. 
 ^m«,of'}oco The other was-That the fame people fhould have the appointment and ordaining of two Duum- I 
 jooo,yea,»nd y irs at fea,for the rigging, repairing, and trimming of the Navy. The maker of this Aft was M. 
 6ooo,and the jJf ««j,another Tribune of the Commons. 
 
 Colonels few- Jvvotildlet pafs one thing that hapned this year, as of fmall weight and importance, and not 
 leglon,acwr- worth the fpeaking, but that it feemed a matter pertinent to religion. The minftrels that plaied 
 ding to the upon the flute andhautboies, for that they were prohibited and debarred by the laft Cenfors, to 
 quantity thcr. j^^^^ their "ood chear any more in the Temple of J;//);^<rr,according to an oldcuflomeandtradi* 
 lon^Tbcfi^es "'°"' took°fnuff thereat, and in a pelting chafe all in one company went their waies to Tybttr- fo 
 to"e«ry I'egi-' as there was not one of them in the City leftto fmg and pipebeforethe pomp offacrifices, and 
 on ordinarily on their feaHival daies.The Senat made fome conl'cience hereof,and were troubled in their mind. 
 ^00 horfe. Whereupon they difpatched certain melTengets to Tybur-, to travel with the townlmen,and en- K 
 With whoin jejyour all they could, that thefe good fellows might be reftored and fent home again to the Ro- 
 or Co"oneU a. mans.The Tyburtins undertook the matter,and promifed right courteoufly to do their beft : and 
 forefaidlud firft they fent for thefe mulicians into their Town-Hall.and perfwaded with them to return again 
 nothing todo, jq Rome: but whenthey couldnot be brought tothat, for any thing they could do, then they 
 being Cap- yvrought another policy and feat with them, that ibrted and htced well the humour of fuch kind 
 foo"a°pe«c'' of people and of their coat. Upon a feUival holyday, under a colour of making merry with min- 
 ftrelfie and mufick about them,fome invited one, and lome another.to give them a fit of mirth ac- 
 cordingly. But they plied them fo with wine ( which all the fort ot this profeffion love but too 
 well ) that they drank untill they winked, and winked to long,till they fell faft alleep. And being 
 found afleep, the Tyburtins brought them oently to their beds in certain waggons, and thus be- L 
 flowed, conveyed them to Romf. Neither per eived they ought, fenfelefs drunken forts they, be- 
 fore that their wagons were left in trie market place of A'cwf. Nay, before they had flept out and 
 conceded their wine that I teamed up into their heads, and clouded there,the day-light came up- 
 on them and then they awoke. The people came running together from all parts to them,and af- 
 ter they had either got at their hands,Qr charged them to [fay, and make no more fuch frolicks,ic 
 was granted unto them, that three dales every year being difguifed and drefi'ed in a mask for the 
 purpoie.they might range and walkabout the City, with Imging, and founding their inflruments, 
 afterthis licentious manner and jollity, which now adaies is yearly uf;:d, and their priviledge of 
 eating in the temple was reHorrd to them again, namely, to fuch as fung and plaied in time of 
 their divine fervi^e and lacrifites: and allwas well. This ridiculous pageant hapned amidlt the care M 
 and preparation of two great and dangerous wars. 
 
 The Confuls pjrted their Prov inces between them : To Jmius fell by lot the Samnits,to JEmj- 
 Ims the new war in Hetntria, In Sumnim.'.^Clnv'ta-, a foitrefs and hold of the Romans being im- 
 pregnable by an affault,was a long timebefieged ; and forced by extream famine, was delivered up 
 totheSamnits. After they were once Maflers of thefort, they took the garrifonfouldiers, and 
 notvvithHandingthey yeeldedthemfelves, yet they whipped and taretheirflefhmofl beaftly,and 
 in the end, without all mc.cy killed them. y«w/«/ exceeding wroth at this cruelty, thinking no- 
 thing more nccd;ui tobedonefirftjthan the winning again off/z/w/t ; laid all other matters afide, 
 and the fame day that he aflailed the wals,took it by force, and flew all he could find above 
 fourteen years of age. In thi<; train of vifVory the Army was brought againft Bcvi.^ num. This was N 
 the chief place of the Pentrians in Samninm.. the wealthieft City .the beft providcd,and molf fut- 
 niflied of all other with men and munition. The fouldiers very eager and fharpfet for hope of 
 arichpilhf^ewontheTown. Butforthat they were nothing lb angry and hot of revenge as be- 
 fore, they dealt not fo cruelly with the enemies : but they got together and carried away more 
 fpoll and facca^e from thence than they ever had well near out of all 5<«»<»/«w; and as liberally 
 was it beftowed every whit upon the fouldiers. And forafmuch as no pitched battel in plain field, 
 no Camp fo well fortified, no Cities and Forts, howfoever fenced, were able to withfland the 
 puiffant Romans in for^e of open ?rms : all the Prinzes in SammHm fludied and applied their wits 
 to find means of fleight and fnbtil! policy ; it haply, as they wafted and forraged the Territories 
 after a loofe and licentious manner, the Army disbanded once, might be entrapped and enclofed q 
 with'nfome ambufln. It fell oiitfo, that certain fugitive peafants of the Country, and Captives, 
 fome by i: h;ince,3nd other of purpofe, coming in their way , made relation of tidings to the Con- 
 fuls well agreeing all in one talc, and the fame founding of a truth indeed \ namely, that a great 
 fort of fheepaHd othcrcattelweredriven together intoa by-fbrre(i out of the way: and foin- 
 dnced them to leid thither the Legions lightly armed, and to fit their hands with a fat booty. 
 NowtheSamnitshad privily forelaid all the high waies with a mighty army, and after that they 
 faw the Romans to have entred & engaged ihemfelves withinthe chafe orforreft aforefaid,aIl of a 
 
 fudden
 
 The ninth Boo\of T. Li vius. 275 
 
 ^ fudden they role up and with a great cry and /hout ran upon them to charge them when they 
 leaii thought ot any iui.h tiling. At theiirlt this io Urangeand unexpected ovcurrenwemade them 
 atraid wfiiie chey took them to their weapons, and laid tlieii fardels and bagg.igetogether on a 
 heapintiie midit'. Butatcer that every man wasealedoF hislodd.and had put on his armor, they 
 rallied on all l.des to their enligns J and without the Lommandmert or direction of any man, they 
 ofthemielves put tne battel inarray.ca.h one knowinghis rankeandplaie aciordingto thcac- 
 cuHomed order ot" the aneient Miiitaiydilcipiine.TheConlul perceiving that he was brought to 
 amoHdoubttnl and dangerous battel alight irom his horle ; andpictelied b.-ioreys^jftr and ^"^'"'^^'^ ... 
 yJ^^rj-, and the other gods whom he tailed ail to wiinels: '■'■ That he came not irto thar place to ^uidl'^ts" 
 
 J5 ' o^t glory to himleit by any enterprife, but only a booty for his louldiers : and that no fault eife 
 "could be imputed unto him but an overmuch deiire and affedtion of his,to enrich his louldiers 
 "by thelpoilot theenemy. From which blame and Hiame both, liothing could tree and acquit 
 *'him eifcj but the manhood and prowel oi his louldiers: exhorting them vvich one accord but 
 *' toiiay themielves and endeavour all together to let upon their enemy, deteaied and vanquiflied 
 " in batel driven out of Camp and tieid, bereaved oi his Towns ahdltrongholds.aridecmenow 
 " to attempt his iaft and utmott hope of privy andtheevifh trains of torlaying, truhing upon the 
 " vantage ot the ground and notpuretorceof arms. But what place is there now un^CLelfible or 
 " unpregnabletothe valiant Romans PHerewithallhe named the Cafile of frcj7f//<i:and 5(?r^,and 
 *' vvhatpla>.e otdifvantage and hard atcels toe. er .they had vvonbylorce.Withihefe word.; the 
 
 Q fouldiers encouraged and enflamedtortttting all ditfi-ulties and dangers, mar.bed apaceand ad- 
 van;:ed forward up to the army or the enemies that now approached ihem, and were o.ct iheir 
 heads. Where the Romans found lomediffi ulty ah the while they ciimed up theclitfor ridge of 
 the hill aga'inlt them. But atter that the formoll enhgns were mounted up and had gained the 
 plain in the top, and perceived tney were embattelled upon an even and equall ground, prcfently 
 the terror turned upon thofe that lay in waitfor them Sibemg disbanded, icattered, and driven to 
 fling away their weapons rhey fled and trudged as fait as they could to recover again thole (farting 
 and lurkmg holes, wherein before they had hid themielves. But ei en thofe difticult places which 
 they had fought of purpofefor their enemy> and their own deceit and guile, encumbred them- 
 felves,For very few ot them could find the way out,and efcapeby flight,lnfomuch as to thenum- 
 
 -.berof 20000 were flain.And then the Romans after this viiftory ran up and downat theirplea- 
 fure to that booty of flieep and cattel, which was firft prefenicd unto them by the enemy, as a 
 bait to catch them with. 
 
 Whiles thefe things thus went in Samniunif all the people of Hetruria by this time, but only 
 thcAretins,wereup in arms, and entredinto arightgreat war ; beginning ftrlt with the fiege and 
 aflault of Sutrmm • which City being allied to the Romans, was ( as a man would fay) the very 
 Barriers of all /fffj-w.vi. Thither came the other Conful «/£»;;//«; with an army to relcue and de- 
 liver their aliies.and to railethe hege.Againll the Romans coming,the Sutrins curteonfly brought 
 viiiuais for the Camp, lying before the City. The Tufcans fpent the firlf day in confulting whe- 
 ther they (Kould make a fliort war of it, by hot aflaults, ortemporife and protraftthe time by 
 
 £ lingring fiege. The morrow after, when as the Captains liked rather of expedition and hally cour- 
 fes.thanof morelage and fafe proceedings-at thelun riling they let out a flagot defiance and the 
 fignal of battel, and armed they go forth of their Camp into the open field to fight. Which after 
 it was told the Conful, prefently he commanded a watch-word to be given, that the louldiers 
 fliould take their breakfaft : and after they had refreOied and llrengthned their bodies with food, 
 go ftraight to arm themielves : which was obeyed accordingly. The Conful feeing them well ap- 
 pointed in readinefs.commanded the enfigns to advan.e forward out of the rampier, and not far 
 from the enemy marflialled his battels. For a good vvhilethey Hood on both fides, wilflylook- 
 ing. and waiting that the llicut and charge Hiould begin from the adverie parr. Butitwaspalt 
 noonbeforethere was onedart flung or javeiin lanced either from the one lide or the other. But 
 
 pthen,bccaufethey ifiouldnot go away without doing fomewhat, the Tufcans began to let up a 
 cry,the trumpets found the charge, and the (landards came torvvard. Neither were the Romans 
 any jot behind to begin baiteil : Thus they ran to it, and encountred with exceeding animo- 
 fity and fury; the enemies more in number,tlie Romans better in hardine:s and vertue. The fight 
 wasdoubtful,anddangerous,andcoll theli:eof many a man on both fides and namely, thole that 
 were moll forward and valiant: neither began they to flirink on any part, before that the fecond 
 battaillon of the Romans. '"rern and iu(iy,adv.inced to the forefront of the vangard, into the place 
 of their wearied fellows. The Tufcans ,for that their vangard was not fupplicd and reenforced by 
 any new fuccours. both be'ore and all about theit enhgns werebeatendownandAain every man. 
 Never in any one barrel had there been lefs running away, or more bloudfhed, if the night had 
 
 G not protcilcd the Tulans : fo refohite were they all to die in the place : infomuch as the winners 
 gave over playbefore the lolers. After the fun fet the retreat was founded : and by night both 
 p.irr« renirned into the Camp. After this, no exploit was performed before 5«fr/;'w thatycir, 
 won h remembrance :both forthat, theforeward of the eremiesarmy, was wholly in that one 
 batrel: defeated and de'^royed ; and rheyhad none left but the Subfidiary fouldiers of the rere- 
 ward and tho'e hardly ab'e and fnt?i:ient to guard and defend theCamp: and alio, theRomans 
 were ib hurt and fore wonnded^that there were more ofthem died atter the battell of their hurts 
 than were (lain in the very skirmifli oiuright. Q^ Fal>iftij Conful for theyear folio wing, fuccee- 
 
 ded
 
 275 
 
 7 he ninth Boo\^ of T. Livius, 
 
 The Orition 
 
 oiP Sempre^i' 
 usi Tribune 
 of the Cora- 
 mons,againil 
 Ap.ClMdliii 
 
 K 
 
 ed and entred upon this war at Sutrhtm. And for his coUegue he had C. M.-.runs Rmtlms ■ and H 
 like as Fahius brouE^ht a new I'upply from Rome to furnifli out the broken bjnds, lb there came 
 frefh forces alio unto the Tufcansjlevied at home. 
 
 For many years there hadbeenno jars and debates between the Magiftraces ot the Nobility 
 and the Tribunes of theCommons: but now there began a variance and contention c'-r-t^thac 
 family and houfejwhich even then was fatall, (as it were)and born to do mikhicfto the Tribunes 
 and Commons both. Jffius ClaftditistheCQnio:, after eighteen months expired (which by the 
 law JEm)lia was the full term of bearing that Magifiracy ; notwithlUnding that C. PLw^inshis 
 CoUeoue had given np his office ; could by no means poflible be forced himfelf to go out and give 
 over the place" Thenro'.eupone P. Sempronius-,A Tribune oftheCommons, who tookinhand I 
 this matter^as'touchingthedemifTionof the Cenforniip,within the time prefixed by the law: an 
 a£liondoubtlefs, not more popular than julf andrightfull, nor lefs acceptable to the better fort, 
 than pleaf.ng to the very Commons and bafe people. He having frequently rehearfed and reite- 
 rated the law Amyl'a, extolled with praifes up to the sky, the author and maker thereof, M^- 
 mercHs Bmylius a Dictator ; who had reduced the Cenforfhip, an office aforetime of five years 
 continuance (a puiflance and authority , which by the length thereof faivoured of Lordfhip jwith- 
 inthecompafsofayear andlixmonths. "Come on, quoth he, Jppius CLmdius, anfwer and fay, 
 '>• what you would have done in cafe you had been Cenfor,when C.Furins, and M.Giganius were 
 " Cenfors ? Avp us answered and faid, that this demand and queflion of the Tribune did not 
 ore.uly touch or concern his caufe. For put the cafe, that the law ;Ew;/whad obliged thole Cen- 
 fors, during whofe Mngitiracy the Aft was made, Cfor that after thofe Cenfors created, ihepeo- 
 p'e had granted that lavv,and look what they laft allowed and ordained the fame was good,law- 
 full, and ratified )yet neither he nor any of them, who after that law enaded were created Cen- 
 fors, could be bound by vertue of that law._ Whiles j4pptiis thus cavilled, and no man there pre- 
 fent foothed him up,or gave applaufe and aflent unto him •■ " Behold jQ»/n>(?/,qnoth Semfroyiius-, 
 " a^ain, the progeny and race of that Afpus.^ who being created Decemvir for oneyear, elefted 
 '■'■ htmfelf the fecond year : and in the ihird,heingchofen neither by himfelf,nor by any other,in 
 " quality of a private perfon,held theloveraign dignity and government^with all the recall marks 
 "andenfi^ns thereof: and thus continuing itill in rule and dominion, would never give over, 
 "before that his ufurped governments of hisill-gotten, badly born, and naughtily kept and re- L 
 *< rained .were his finall fall and utter overthrow. This is the fame family and houfe, (my Mafters 
 «' and friends, Citizens of Rome ) by whofe violence, by whofe wrong; and oppreflion, ye were 
 *' driven like poor banifLed perfons to forgo your own deer native country, andtofeizeand 
 *' hold the Mount Sic r\ the very fame, againfl which ye procured and pnrchafed to your fclves 
 <• the fupport and help of Tribunes ; the fame, for which -with two armies ye were fain topoffefs 
 "yourfelves of the y/t;f»t/«e hill; the fame that alwaiesvvithftood the Statutes devifed againft 
 " Ulury ; the fame that ever impugned the laws for divifion of wa!f lands among the people > the 
 "fame brake for the time, and interrupted the marriages betvveenthe Nobles and Commons ; 
 *■'• the fame kept out the Commons fo long from bearing any dignities of the Chairjand of State: 
 *' finally, this name is much more fpightfully and mortally bent againff your freedom, than that M 
 *' of the Tarqitiiis. And is it fo indeed, O Aff. Claudius ? Would you have us be'eeve, thatbe- 
 *' inc now an hundred years {\r\i:t Mamercus Ii.mylius vnsDiSmov-, there have been fomany 
 " Cenfors moft noble and valiant perfonages,that none of them all ever read the twelve Tables? 
 <' and none of them knew that to be law which thepeoplelaft granted and allowed? Yes Iwis, 
 *' they all wifi that well enough : and thereupon yielded they, and obeyed rather thelaw JEmylia 
 *'-thanthe old and ancient Statute, (whereby the firll Cenfors were created in the Common- 
 *' wealth )evenbecaufe the people approved it laft: and by reafon that there are two ordinances 
 *' repugnant and contrary one to the other, there the new alwaies repealeth and abrogateth the 
 *' old. And is this yourfaying,0 ^pp/«.c?Ttiat the people are notbound to the law &mylia}ox ra- 
 *' ther that they are tied unto it,but your good felf alone is free and exempt therefrom ? Was the N 
 "lawjEw>/«^ableto bridle and curb thofe violent Cenfors C.F«rw,&: /t/.G'/f4OT'w,who(hew- 
 *'ed fufficiemly what harm and mifchief this Magifiracy could do in a Common- wealth, when 
 *' for anger Sidefpite that their term was abridged and cut fhort,they disfranchifed.and deprived 
 *' of the right of voice and Suffrage. yea,and brought within the range of Tributaries, yl/.yEw/Zw^ 
 *< the worthieft and moft excellent perfonage of his time, both at home in peace, and abroad in 
 "war? This law took hold ofall the CenforSjOne after another in order,fortherpaceofanhun- 
 " dred years after; and bindeth now C.Tlmtius ycur Collegue, created with the fame Aufpices, 
 •^and in equall authority with you. Tellme(I prayyou ) did not the peopleeleil and make him 
 *' with as good right and authority as any Cenfor might be ? Are you the only and fpecial man a- 
 "mongfl all others to have this prerogative,this priviiedgeand hngular preeminence by your felf? O 
 *' Suppofe a man (hould create the King Sacrificer, fliould he, having once got the name and title 
 ^'ofaKing, giveout and avouch, that he was King indeed,of as great a prerogative as any King 
 ^^^ of Rome? Who, think you, will be content with a Didfjtorfnip of lix months, or with anln- 
 " terregne for five daie<; and no more? Whom may a man boldly and confidently create Diftator 
 ''either to fatten a fpikeorgrear nail? Or for the ftatelyplaiesand games, orhorfe-running, and 
 *' fuch like ? How foolifh , think ye my Mailers, how bafe-minded and fimple were they in this 
 '' cmn his conceir,who within twenty daies,&frer notable exploits done and atchieved,gave over 
 
 their
 
 The ninth Boof\of T. Li vius. 277 
 
 A "theirDiitatoffliipPor they that being created with fome errourand default, went out of their 
 '' place ? But what need I to rehearfe examples otoid date ? Of late, even within thei'e cenyeirs, 
 *' C. Munius Didhtor, for enforcing a commilfion more feverely than Hood with the fa'ecy of" 
 '' fomegreatoc wealthyperfons,wasi.h3rgedby them with the guiltinefs of the fame cr;me,wher' 
 ''upon he fate and m.ideinquilition ; who>totheend,that beingaprivatperfon.he might aniwer 
 '■ the acciifation of his adverfaries.and juHifie himfelf refigned up his Diditorlliip. But I would 
 "not,thatyou in any hand were fomodeih no,no,degenerate not a jot from that molt imperious 
 ''Hock and proud race: go not yon forth of your ofti^ejhowfoeveryoudo,ad.iy no,nor an houc 
 '' fooner than you needs muft: but fee then vvithali,[h.it you exceed not the ordinary time-limited 
 g"and letdown. Atlealfwifeat might cf.ntcnt you to draw outydurCenrorlliipadaylonger,or 
 '' to (fretch it farther by a month. A month? what tell you me of a month? I willexercifcmy Cen- 
 "forfhip (quoth he)three years and fix monthsjmore than may be by thelaw jfiw;/;.:: yea and t^y 
 '' my feit alone will I exercife it. Yea mary rir,this is fome what like indeed, and fpoken like a King. 
 ''What, will you fubrtituteunto you aColleguein the room of the other ? will you foPW'hom 
 '*]awfullit is nottobefubrogated and chofen no not in the dead his place ? For you think it not 
 "enough, belike, that you (religious holy Cenfor thatyo;i be ) have tranllatedandcranlmitted, 
 "thatmoit ancient folemnity, and only inltituted by thatgood [i/£'r<r///t/] in whofc honour it is 
 '' celebrated, from the funifion of moii noble Saerificcrs and Chaplains, of that divine and fa- 
 ceted ferv ice, unto theminiftry of bafefervants,and abjedflaves : and that akindred and linage 
 
 Q " of greater antiquity, than the very fii R foundation of this City, fo fanitified by entertainment 
 "and lodging of the immortal gods, by your means, and by occafion of your Cenforfliip, with- 
 '' in one yeart rooted out and perifhed every mothers Ion: unlefs alfo by the fame means, ycu 
 '* hazard the whole Common-wealth, and bring all into the fame enormity. and guilt of wicked- 
 "nefs, which even to prefage and conjeifure, my heart doth tremble and quake again. In that 
 '' Lujfram [ or five years fpace ] was the City of Rome taken by the Gauls, wherein L. P^pyritti 
 " C^/r/or, becaufe he mightnot goout of his Cenforfhip took a Collegue unto him, Al.CorKeliut 
 " Maluginenfis, in the place of C.Julms the Cenfor lace deceafed. And yet fee how much more 
 *' fober and moderate was his ambitious humour in that behalf, than this of yours, O ^ppins^ 
 "For L. /'.!p;V/.'/j- neither alone,nor yet beyond the jufl fcttimebylawadminillredhisCenforiliip: 
 
 rv *' yet found he never any one perfon after him, that would imitate and follow his example. All 
 "■ Cenfors from that time forward, upon the death of their fellow Cenfor gave up the offi..e.l>ii« 
 *' as for y ou,notwithftanding that the date of your Cenforfhip be fully out, and your compasi- 
 "oD in government departed out of the place; neither lawnorfliame, is able to rule and re^ 
 « ftrain. You fuppofe that vercue confifleth in pride, in audacious boldnefs, in contempt both of 
 " God and man. For mine own part truly, O ^/>.C/W(«;, for the reverence andmajeltyof this 
 " honourable place, which you have born, I vvould not willingly enter intoany luch hardcour- 
 "fes.as to touch your perfon by violenceofhand ; no, norfo much as to offend yournamewith 
 "anyfou' orunkind language. But as thefe words that have already palled your own peeii Hi Mid 
 " perverfe frowardnefs^your op: nion.uive contumacy, and infolent pridehaving wrung and for- 
 
 £ " ced t'rom me : fo unlefs you will obey the law E^mylia, by your leave, I will be fo bold a^ cotii-- 
 " mand you to ward and prifon. And fin:e our forefathers and anceltors have fo provided and or-.- 
 *' dained. thac in the Elevion of Cenforsjifeither of the twain come fhort offutficient voices re- 
 «' quifiteforto choofe him the other cannot be admitted and declared Cenfor; and fochey mull 
 *' proceed again to a new e'e61:ion,and the foriner Scrutinies are of no etTedt .• iliall I fuffer you to.- 
 "exercife the Cenforfhip alone, who may not lawfully be creaced alone ? Thefe and fuch like re-i 
 monftrances after he had alledged , he commanded the Cenfor to be attached and committed. In' 
 thefe proceedings of his, fix of his fellow Tribunes adhered unto him, and three only alTified Ap'^. 
 ■pins ; who called inftandy upon themfor theirprotei'tion andlawfuUfuccour: and fo with excee- 
 ding ill will, and higheft difcontentmcnt of allftates and degrees, he went clear away, and bare 
 
 p the CenforiTifp alone. 
 
 Thefe matters thus paffcd at Romci ard5/<m«wwasbefieged flill by the-T»</2-j«j : and asthe. 
 QonLrabiw was leading about at the foot of the hiis,cercain forces to fuccour bis allies &; to af- 
 fail the fortifications of the enemies what way he could, they with an army inb ittel ar ay met 
 with him.Whofe great multitude when he might difcover upon the plains underneath becaufe he 
 would hclpoutihefmallnumber of hismen by fome advantage of the ground, he wheeled a lit- 
 tle about,up toward the hill tops(whii.h were rough and craggy places fpred all over v/ich Rones) 
 and from thence he turned his banners full upon the face of the enemies. The Tufcan.^ fcgetting 
 all thing,-, and thinkingupon notl.ingbut their multitude, whereof on'y they prefumLd; gave 
 battel! fo haDily and infuchgreedinefs, that calling away their fhots and darts from t-iem, to 
 
 G the end they might the fooner come to hand-Ifrokes, they drew their fwords, as they matched 
 againft the enemy. The Romans on the contrary fide laid load with fhot, and applied them 
 one while with darts, another while with Hones which the place plenreoufly afforded thein. 
 Which, as they thumped and clattered, and (fuck upon their Ihields and morions, although 
 they hurt them not much, yet troubled them not a little: neither could the enemies eahlycome 
 within them to fight neer andclofe, nor any darts or javelins h^d t!ey to fling and launce afar 
 oft'.and thereby to annoy their enemy, And whiles they ftoodftiliexpofed as Buts.to receive all 
 
 B b that;
 
 5«S 7 he ninth BooJ^^ofX. Lwius. 
 
 1 
 
 that came.and had nothing now to cover and proteft them fufficiemly ; whiles fome ofthemal-H 
 Co "ave -round ^nd r<; created, and the whole battel was wavering and unfteady ,the Roman Hafia- 
 ti and Principes^ came forward with a new fhont, and charged them afrefli. This violent aflauk 
 could not the Tul'cans bear, but turning their enligns, fled amain in difarray toward their camp. 
 But when as the Roman horfemen who were rid over through the plains and had gotten before, 
 met them afront in the toutjihey left their way unto the CamPi& turned toward the mountains: 
 from whence with their whole company in a manner dil'armed and fore wounded, they recove- 
 red the forreft Ow/k*^. The Romans havingflainmanythoufandsoftheTufLans, gained thirty 
 eight enligns of the field, and won alfo their tents with rich pillage; began to conlult about pur- 
 fuing the enemy .The wood Ommia was at that time more unpaflable and to be feared,than were I 
 of late daies the German forrefts: for never to that day had it been travelled and frequented fo 
 much ashy merchants. And fcarcely any one but the Captain himfelfdurft venture to enter into it: 
 for, all the reft had not forgot as yet the unhappy luck they had atC<2W/«>w. Then theConful his 
 brother, one that was there, {M. Fabitu-, as fome fay, as othersiC<«p, and as other fome C. 
 Cto/(^/»<,his brother only by the mothers fide) promifedthathe wouldgoas afcoutinfpiall, to 
 defcry the wood,and within a while bring certain news.He had in his tender years been brought 
 up at C'e>'i?,among the ancient friends of his houfe and family, where afterwards he was taught the 
 Tufcan learning and knowledge,and thereby waspcrfeft in their tongue and language. And I find 
 fome authors of credit that writ, how in thofe daies the Romans young children went to fchool 
 for to learn to pari Tufcan,as now they do to fpeak Greek. But it Handeth more like a truth,that K 
 there was fomefpecial matter in this man, who with fo bold femblance and diflimulation, durft 
 intrude and iniinuate himfelf amongll the enemies. It is faid, that one only fervitor accompanied 
 him, one who had been brought up and nurfed together with him, and thereupon not ignorant 
 of the fame language. And ali the way as they went they did nothing elle, but fupetficially and 
 after a generall fort, learn the nature and hte of the quarters which they were to enter into, and 
 the names withall, ot the chief rulers and principal perfonages of that country and nation: to 
 the end that in their ({Jeech and talk,they might not falter and trip, snd be taken tardy in any ap- 
 parent thing,which mightbewray and difcover them.They went clad in paftoral weeds like herd- 
 men^armed like country Kernes or Peafantseavh ofthem witha faukhionand two javelins .But 
 neither the familiar ufe and commerce of the tongue, nor thefafhionof apparel which they L 
 were, or weaponsthat they carried fued them fo much as this one thin?. That no man would 
 ever beieeve,that any forreiner and fl ranger durft enter upon thofe thick Ciminian forrefts. Well, 
 forward they went ('by report) as tar as to the Camertins in Umlria. Therethe Roman ventured J 
 tobewray who they were: and when he was brought i.ito their Senat, he treated with them in " 
 the Confuls name, about a league and amity. Whereupon, after he had been courteoufly enter- 
 tained and friendly intreated he had hi? difpatch,and was willed to relate unto theRomans,Thac 
 there fhouid be ready tor their army ,fuffic lent victuals for one whole month,if they would come 
 into thofe parts : Alio, that the youth of the Camertins in ^w^r/4 fhouid be at their command, 
 preft in arms at ali times. Theie tidings beingreported to the Confol,after that he had fent befote 
 his carriages at the firit watch of thenight and commanded the legions to goafter, himfelfftaid M 
 ftill with the horfemen: and the morrow morning by day-light he began to skirmifh with the 
 corps dej^m'-d of bisenemies, which were quartered without the forreft, and whenhe hadlong 
 enough kept them { 1 y <:nd amufedthem at his pleafure, he retired into his Camp ; from whence 
 he went forth at another gate, and before night overtaketh the main army. The morrow after,at 
 the point of day-break,he was got up to the crdf of the WiWCiminifu ■ from whencejafter he had 
 beheld andvewed thegoodly profpeft ofthe rich groundsand fields of Hetrttria, he fendeth out 
 hisfouldiers abroad to forrage and fetch in prizes,and by that time they had got, and were dri- 
 ving a fat booty,certain tumultuary bands of the ruftical Peafants of Hetrnna, gathered together 
 inpreathaft,and of afudden.by iheStatesof that country met with the Romans ;butfoout of 
 order were they ithat being come to refcue a prey,they had like to have been a prey themfelves. A N 
 number ofthem were flain or put to flight jand the Romans, having wafted and made fpoil all o- 
 ver the country, enriched with ftore of all things, returned vi6lorious into their Camp, Thither 
 were arrived ( as it fell out ) five meflengers or purfevants with the Tribune of the Commons to 
 warn and command Fabim in the name of the Senat, not to pafs through the forreft C/'w«wW. 
 But thefemeffengers being glad that they came too late for to hinder and interrupt their enter- 
 prifcs returned home again to Rome with news of the viflory. 
 
 By this expedition and journey made by the Cof, the war rather encreafed and fpread farther, 
 than was difpatched Sibrought to an end. For all that trad lying along the bottom & foot ofthe 
 mountain D>w»«>«^j felt the ("mart of this rode: and provoked to anger & defire of revengejoot on- 
 ly the State of Hetruria^hnt alfo the borders and marches ofUmbria. Whereupon there came to q 
 Sutrium.k^KMCt power than ever afore : for not only they removed their Campforward out of 
 the woods butalfo for theeager defire offight withal fpeed,they came abroad into the plain field. 
 Afterw.^rds,they ftoodfirftembattelledinaplot-by them fitly cbofen leaving over againft them a 
 fpare of ground for the enemies to fet themfelves in order of battel : but perceiving the enemies 
 to fill off,& loath to fight.they approached the very trench andrampiers ; but finding there, that 
 theguardswereretired within theirhold allat once they began to cry with one voice to their cap- 
 tains.fot to give order, that the reft of their allowance of viftuals for that day Ihouldbe brought 
 
 them
 
 J he ninth Boo\ of T. Li viu s. 297 
 
 , tbemtbithetoutofthecimp; forchey would ftay in their armor and hirnnefs.is thev were, and 
 citber in the night, or clle in the morning betimes by day-li^bt.give the a.'UuU upon their enemies 
 camp. Tde Ron an army was no more quiet then tbey, yet at their Generals commandment kept 
 in Now It was wclneer the * tenth hour of the day ; When as the Conlul willed his (ouidiers to . p ^ 
 
 lakr their ifftflion, and warned fbem to be ready in armtsat what hourlotvcrby dayarby njnht aucT-'n'on. 
 he (hould ^ive them the fignal of battel!. And in the mran time n akcth a fhort Ipctch umo them, 
 prailing highly, and utiing out ot the Samnits wars,de'oifingtbc Tufcansjaying.thit there was 
 nocompaiil'oiiDetween eitherentroy toencmy.or number fornumbcr.- over and bclidts.hc (aid 
 that he had anoiher teat and Ucret dcviie m llore for ibem, which they Hiould know when'time 
 feived; in the mean white they muft keepfilence ofncctfTity, and bold their peace. By thefe dark 
 fpeecbes and bidden myfterits, he madeftmblance, as thcugb he had Ibn-.e privy mtclligtnce, 
 
 -"that one part of the enen.ies would betray the tell vvben time came.- tbisdid be, tothcend, that 
 the htai t of his louldiers (which haply were difmaied and diicousagcd at their jireat multiindes ) 
 might be cotntottcd and tetrefhed ; and for that the enemies Uy abroad in field without any hold 
 and fort, it was morelike.ly ai.d ptobable,which he pretended. The ibuldiers having lakentbeir 
 lepaff, they laid their todies torepoleandfleep, and fomcwhat before the relicfe of the "tburth »Bftweentwo 
 watch, they were railed without noilc,3nd aimed themlelvcs. 1 he fouldicrs bofcs and lackies.ind andtlirec"of " 
 loch as followed tbe camp, had mattocks and ipades divided amongiithtm, to cafl down the ram- ^^°'^^ '" '^^c 
 pirc.^andto fill up the ditches with the bank, whiles that within the compallc and circuit of the "*"''"'"g' 
 camp, they were maifhalled in battell array. The cbolcn ' cohorts or bands were placed at the » 
 gates and paflages forth.Thcn at tbe lound of trumpet , a little before dayf which in lummer nights , r^ ^^'^°" '* 
 
 Cisthetimeofthtdeepelt and loundcllflccp) the whole army, when the rampite was laid along b/nd'oT'oo"'^ 
 and levell, illued forth at once, and charged theenemi'.s on all (idesjying here and ihcre i'cattered '"ftmcn com- 
 oncheground. Some before tbey wereftiriing, othershaltallecp and half awake in their cou- !"°"'y- C>n« 
 cbes:butthegrca(eft pan, msking halUn that (udden fright to take arms, were flain and cut in 'reidYJ^' 
 ^eeces. tew bad time to put the mklves in armour, and they having no eniigtis, no colours to fol- Twwlm* 
 low, and no captains to dired them, were by the Romans loon di'.comtiied,put to l^ighf,jnd put- c'^'om, 0(400 
 iaed in chafe, homemade hall to tbe camp.othcr to the woods.lundiy waics one fiom anothct.But »"<ln°oaoje. 
 tbe woods wtreihelafert place of tctuge. Forthtircamp pitched in a plain, was the lame day ta- 
 kcn,«nd won.Mlttjcgold and filver there found, was by exprefle commandment brought unto the 
 Conful bis pavilion } the reft ofthe pillage, was ibc (ouldiers ftiare. Slain and taken priioncrs t hat 
 
 I^day,there were of the enemies to tbe numbcr'ofdooco.Tbis lb noble a battel((ome writersTay Jwas 
 toughtontheotherfidcof the wood C»wi«/<», before 7' fy»^//^; who alio report, ibst^be City of 
 ^»iw(? was in great fear, lelt that the army being inclofedwiihinio dangerous a wooijiLouid have 
 been (urpnted and defeated by the Tuscans and Umbiians, who were tilen up in arms together 
 from all pat ts. But wberefoevet it was fought, the Romans had the day. Whereupon there csme 
 Embafiadots from Perttfia^ * Corte»a,jr,d* Arctium^ where were in maner (be chief and princi-* '^'■'''' ' 
 pall Cities at that time of all Tu:cane, treating and iuing to tbe Rttoans for [ caccand a league; co'^o"". 
 but they tbiamed truce only for thirty years. ' * */*n^^7. 
 
 During ihclc aflairs in UetrKria, the other Conful, C. Mariius Rfni/iusMin from tbe Samni's 
 the town * AUifai. Many other villages and caftles were either uuerlv dur.oliihed and delhoieJ Alphi. 
 
 E by way of extream hollility, or yeeided (afe and whole untotbtir fubjetSion Ar the lame ficie tbe 
 Roman navy alio, under the Conduft of P. Cornehni, whom tbs Senat otdairicd Admiral of the 
 lca-coaft,i'ctiail for Cfl»«p.-»'«, and being arived at * ?»«»/)«;, thcminneis and fea-(ervitors went * 
 aland to wa(i and forage the tcritoties about * Nncertax and after cbey had made fpoiI,5nd pilled •''tTtT^" 
 byihatchesthe parts lying necreft unto tbe fea, from whence th;y might fafely again return to ' "'"*' 
 iheir (bips ; tbey adventured farther for fweetpcffL- of'^ain and booty (as ufually itfjlkth ou[)and 
 ibgtvethc alsimtoibe enemies for to rife. As theyflr^gled a!J over thihelds, no man made 
 bead againlt them at what time, as they might have been loon flain every one ; bat as they were 
 icturningwithadifordcred match, and Rood not upon their guaids, a troop of the peasants of 
 thecoumry overtook them, not far from the Ships, andeafed them of their fpoii andniLatTe' 
 
 ^andll.w (omeoftheiii .• the rtdofthe mukitude,asmany as elcapcd the ('word, were cbalecS to 
 their ficcr. 
 
 The journey of ^,F<8^/<« beyond the forrefl C/ro.w/<j, as itcaufed great fear in RomeSo ugave 
 occafion of ss joyful news in Samnium, For the rumor ran, that the Roman; army was fhut up 
 and bcfieged. And hereupon tbey called to remembrance, andailedged thclikcexan-pleofaloQe 
 and fh:rr.efi[!l difgrace ai Clandmrn; reporting and giving forth, that thelf Romans beir g a nation 
 greedy alwaiesot incrcaching fartber,ar,d winning more ground,were through the fame rafhncfTe 
 now run bcsdlong info tticblr,.d forrtlts impatiable, and invironcd iiot lb much with the power 
 ardfoictoi enemies, as the dangcrcui. difliculticsoffhore pafliges. Inl'ucb fort as an id this joy 
 of ihcirf, they crvird alio that tortune had turned tbe glorious honour of tbecoi-.queftovertbe 
 
 G Romans, (remthcSamr.iis, to the Tufeans. And therefore being well appointed with men 
 and aimour-, tbey ran cut from all parts, to tread down and confound C.j/ar?,/^ tbcCorful 
 In ever •• nr.nding from thence, incs!c Martiiu woulrfnot ab dea bacfell, tor'ointo Hetrur-.A 
 t^roulibtlic Niaifi and Sabins, But ;hcCo::kil met wub tftcm by th' way ; where was fought a 
 ihspear-dcrucli baitcli With ooubtful tvenf, arid mucneftuhcn of bioud on both fides. And as 
 unceitaiij as ic was, whether part loll more bloi>d, yet the mmourwent.thai the Romans had the 
 
 B b 2 ■ woria
 
 2,8o The nintbBool\pfT. Livius. 
 
 worfe, by reafon of the loffc of certtin knights and gentlemen of Rome, and Colonels, t.od one H 
 Lieutenant ; and that whicb made moll, for that theConful bimfeU was hurt.Kercapon the brute 
 (ascommonly isfeen) got more feathers ftill as it flew, and made every thing gn^acer- foasthc 
 LL.of the 5enat in Rome,^m re in great fear and perplexity,and agreed to create a Difiaior.Neithcr 
 was there any doubt at all, but that P^;/r;7« C^for fhonldbethe roan, who in toote dales was 
 reputed the only warrior above all others. But neither could they beaHared of feuding a tneffen- , 
 per life into Samrium (confidering all the country was up in arms; nor that the Conful was for 1 
 certain alive. Andasfor the other Conful F<i^/»/, upon an old fecret and prirnt grudge, hemali- 1 
 ced PMirius : which qiwrell, left it might binder the fcrvice ottheComrrmravefi!, the Senat ' 
 thought good to itnd unto him certain EtDbaffadors (as it werejevcn luch as h«d been Coniuls j 
 who of their own authority ,ss well as by vcrtue of publick commiflion from the State, lliould ad- r 
 Hionifliand counfclhimto remit and forget all old djipleaiures and raBcours^for his counjries fake. 
 When thcle perionsge were come to Fahtfts the Cof. and had delivered unto him the decree of 
 the Senat, and u(ed witball fuch fpeech and reafons of their own, as futcd well to the errand they 
 had in charge : the Col.caRing his eies down toward the ground,departed from the Embafladors 
 without giving ever a word, and left them doubtfull what he would do, But the night following, 
 in the dead time fas the maner is) be nominaied L» Pafirifuiov DiiSator. Arid when tbele 
 meHengets orEmbafTsdors gave him great thanks for maftering and ruling his afFediions lo exceed- 
 ingwell, he held his rcfolution ftill of filence, and without any anfwer given, or mention made 
 of himfelfjdilmilled them ; that it might appear, how upon an high mind and haughty ftomack, 
 he bridled and kept in that griefof heart and fpiteful anger of his, Papirifu named C. Junim Bh- ^ 
 ^«/f»j commander of the horfc. And whiles he propofed an aft concerning the regiment and 
 command of bis army, before the people aflembled by the C«r/<e or wards, there hapned a mat- 
 ter of ominous preiage, which caufed that bufinefle tobeputoftuntillthenext day :for that the 
 ward Faucia, which by lot had the prerogative now to give the firft voices, was noted already foe 
 infamous and unhappy, m regard that two cilamities which happened in both years, wherein 
 the lame CurU like wife began the fuffrages firft ; namely, the taking of the City of Repie, and 
 the Caudine peace. Macer Liciuius making that ward omi'ious and unlucky, for a third loffe and 
 calamity received at Clement. But the next morrow, the Didalor, after be had taken new Au- 
 fpiccs, went through with the aiS, and obteined his commiflion, snd fet forward with the legi- 
 ons lately muftered and enrolled upon the fcatfull alarm given,that the Roman army waspafledr 
 the wood C/w/wrf, untillhearrivcdatI,o«i^«/<*5 where, after he had received of the Con- 
 io^MdrtiHiy the old bands of fouldicrs,he brought his forces into the field to give battell. The 
 enemies for their part feemed not to refuJe fight .• bo wbcit,asthey ftood armed and aranged,and 
 neither the one fide nor the other would begm to charge, the night came upon them, and forced 
 them to retire. Then they abode encamped necr together in reft and quiet for certain dayes, nei- 
 ther diftrufting their own puiffance, nor yet difdaining and defpifing their enemies. In this 
 mean time there was doings and warin£/r«W4 .■ forbotb there wasa battellfougbt with the 
 army of the.Umbrians : howbeit.the enemies were rather difcomfited and put to flight than flain, 
 forthatthey were not able to hold out and maintain fight long with fuch courage and animo- 
 fity as they began s and alio neer the lake and Mear *r'*»(i/«wo»,the Tufcans had levied a new army, 
 •trgfl di x*c«r- according to a facied law, wberby one man had chofenanotherf'who as f worn brethren were to^ 
 '"'• tolivesnddietogttberj where they fought afield, not only with greater number,but alfo with 
 
 more courage than tver at any time before : and with fuch heat of anger and malice one againft 
 theother they encountred, that of neither fide they ethought of dilchirging fbot and flancing 
 darts, but began at the very firft with their fwords to goto handftrokes : and theconfli<ft being 
 right fiercelybegunjincrealcd ftill,and waxed hotter in the very skira:ifh,and continued for a good 
 while lo doabifull, that the Romans thoughtthey dealt not with Tufcans lb often by them de- 
 fested and vanquifhedj but with fome new nation more warlike than thty. NoHiewof flight on 
 neither fide; down go theformoft.and lay dead before their Standards; and left that thecnfigos m 
 
 \ 
 
 fliould be left naked and bare, and without the defendants, the fecond range and ward of the baf- 
 taillon came in place to (upply the firft ; a nd lb ftill new liiccours and frefh were fet even as far as 
 from the rereward behind, deftined for the laft help and utmoft refuge. And to that extremity of 
 travel and perill they proceeded, that the Roman hotimen abandoning their horfcs alighted on 
 foot,»od were fain to go to the footmen in the forefront of the vanguard, over armor, and over 
 dead bodies, lying all fpread upon the ground ; whicb new troop and battaiilon rilcn and iprung 
 fas it were) a frefh, to reenforcc and ftrengthen their diftrcfled fellowes, difordred the fquadrons 
 and enfigns ofthc Tufcans. The other legionary fouldiers, wearied (as they were) followed bard 
 and lecondcd their violence and forceable charge, ami at Ier.,.^th brake through the ranks 
 of their enemies. Then the Tulcans as ftiffe as they ftcod afore, began to have the wotfc, 
 ■nd certain bandtgave wayand retreated ; and when they once turned back, they fell plainly to 
 take their heels and run away. This was the firft day, that overthrew and laid along the pujl- ^ 
 lance of the TulcanSjWho abounded lolong in wealth and forujnateprolperity.Their whole flour 
 and ftrengtb which they had, was in this battellfliin, and acthe tame time their camp won and 
 ranfacked. 
 
 With like hazard and glorious foccefte of the end, was the war managed with the Samnits 
 foon after i who bcfides alt other preparations and ordinary furniture of war, gave order that 
 
 theic 
 
 \
 
 The ninth Boo\ of T. Livius. 281 
 
 ■A ibeirarmy fliould glitter and (hine agjine with a new kind of garniiliing their harnelTe and ar- 
 mors. For having divided tbeirforces intwo armies, the one bad laid their (hields withgold.the 
 ■other with filver. Tbe form and fafhion whereof was this, that upper pttt wherewith the brelt 
 and rtwuldcrs are covered, was broader, and the ht- ad of it of even height : but the nether end 
 growmg downward to the bottom was more pointed wedge wile, furto weld it moie nimbiy; 
 Their breaft and lloinack was fcrccd with ipunges, the left leg arir.ed with a gooJ grecve, their 
 morions with high crefts made a (htvj of tall nature.Thc fouliiers aforefaid witn gaildcd iI/r-Us 
 wore coats of (undry colours ; the other with flivcred, white linnen •• and thcfe bad the leading 
 of the right wing, or point of the battel! ; but they of the lefi. The R(tm3n^ hid nonce and know- 
 ledge already what preparation there was of brave and goodly armor .• and their Claptains had 
 D taught them afore, that a louldier ought to bed eadlu! and terrible, not d.ght and ilecked in his 
 damasked gold and filvcr, buttruftin^ m thefhsrpedgeof iron and' tleel, and a good heart and 
 courage withall: and as for that other t'urnifurc, it was lathcra good booty than a^mor of proof ; 
 fair and reiplendcnt.beforc men come to the (harp.hu (oul and unleemly amongft bloody wounds. 
 Tbetrueornameni a'd beauiy of al'ouldier, is valour and hardmelle; as forallthofe braveries, 
 they went commonly with vidtoty : and to concluje, that a rich enemy would ferve well for a 
 good prize to the conqueror, were tse never lo poorand needy. With the(e(pceches after that 
 Curfor had animated his fouldiers,he leadeth them into the field; himfelf he put in the tight wing; 
 the left be committeth to the condufl of the GcDtrall of horle.So foon as tticy charged one ano- 
 ther and buckled together, a great conflift ar?d hardy had they with the cnemy.and no leKTc cmula- 
 ^ tion there was between the Didator and him ; driving much whether of them twain fliculd be- 
 gin the viftoty. But as hap was, fivft Junius dilordered the enemy, and from the left poj'nt which 
 be commanded, be charged right lulf ily the right wing of the enemies : faying ever and anon. 
 That he oflfdred and facrificed onto the Devill and infcrnall (pints, thofe fouidiers of theirs, confe- 
 crated already unto tbem after the nianef of the Sannits, and decked accordingly in white 
 livery, and bright (ilvered armour, futing in colour theieunto: and withall advanced forward his 
 ftandards, brake thriraraies, andmade the battell to Qirink evidently and give ground. Which 
 when the Diaatorpsrccived, Hownow^quotbhe, ftiall the viflory begin at the left wing, and 
 fhail the right, wherein the DiiSator fighteth in perfon, come behind and follow the battelof an- 
 other, and not cary away witblt the grcatclt part ofthevidory ? Herewiihhelcttethon bis 
 jv (ouldicrs.y et gave the borlr-roen no place in marthood to the footmen.or the fcrviceof the Lieute- 
 nants was inferiour to the Captains themlelves and chi.f commanders: M,VJeriiu ontbc right 
 point, P. r><rf/«. on the letr, both Coniular men. put thtm:elves forward, and rode out to the 
 fcorlmen aranged in the wingy, exhorteo them to take part with them in honor, and charged j- 
 croffc upon the fides and flank's of the enemies. Whiles this ne w terror upon the former, had ot» 
 every fide cnrred the battel of the enemies ; and the Roman tegions.lo terr;fie theni the inore.had 
 redoubled a trelli fhout,& charged them with greatfury,then began the Samnits to f^Ie aniain.Nowf 
 were the htldsoveripread with the bodies oiflim a. en, and Itrc wed thick v/ith armor ercwhilc 
 fo brave and glorwus : and at the h'rlf.the Samnits in great afFnght recovered their tents • but being, 
 there, were not able lo much as to keep them, for they were won and rifled before niqb't, and fire 
 ^ fet upon them. The Diftator by a dectee of the Senat tiiumpbed .• and the laid armor which wj» 
 taken from the enemy; made the goodliefl pageant of all other, in the pomp of triumph .• which 
 catried fo llately a fliew and magnificent, that the guildcd fhiclds were divided amongft the war- 
 ders of the company of Bankers and Goldlmiths, to the beautifying of their Hal ana Market place 
 And hereof began firft thccuftomeof the iEdiks, to adorn and fet out the common place of the 
 City in their folemn proceffions, when the facrcd images of the gods and holy rcliques were car- 
 ried about for pomp in filver chariots. And the Romans verily for their part put this goodly trim 
 irmor of their enemies to this ufe, nan.cly, to honor their gods withall, But the Campains upon 
 s pride and inveterate hatred that they bate agair.fl the Samnity, ufcd to aim their f word-players 
 and fencers attbefharp (which was a lokmn fight and paftime they had at their great feafts} 
 p with this fame attire,and termed them in mockery, by the name of Satmits. 
 
 The (amc year Fabins the Conlul fought with the relt of the Tuicans at * Pm/Z/^Cwhich City 
 ilfo had broken the covenant of triice^ whererieitherdoufatfully nor hardly he obtained viftory 
 And the very town it lelf he had forced & won('for in the fame train of his conquclt he aporoach- 
 cdthewals) but that theirEmbafladourscame forthand yeelded the City. Whcnhe had pla- 
 ced a good garrilbn at Perufajai ieotbtfore him to Rome unto the Senjt, the Embafladours of 
 //«r»/V», who treated for peace,- be being but Conlul, msdchistriomphant entry into the City 
 for a mere magnificent vidory, then the Dii^atour. And that for agood part of the honor of fub- 
 doing the Samnits, was afcribcd to the Lieutenants P. Decitu, and M. VaUyiks therefore at the 
 rext Eleftion, the people with general afTcnt declared the one Conlul, and the other Pretour. F^- 
 G ^«»fortan;ing//frrar/*fo bravely and valiantly, continued ConluHllil!, and had for his Col- 
 league T'. Dfr /fc.fWmxi was created Preior the fourth time. TheConfuls parted betweeo 
 themtheprovincey, HeirunaicWto Dec'tti.,SamniumtoFubifa. Whotakino his voia^-e to ATw- 
 certa, laid fiege to the City ol the AHifais, and won jt by alTault ; and notwithaandingtliey made 
 luit for peace, hercjeded anddelpilcd them j for that when it was offered,they would not accept 
 it. With the Samnits be fought a battel! ; but without any great conflia, the enemies were 
 
 ^^ i vanquithed 
 
 * Peru^it,-
 
 2,8 2. The nintbBoo\ofT. L'. vius. 
 
 vanqaifhcd Nciibei bsdthff remembrance of that field been left in record, but that the Marfians H 
 firft took arms and waned with the Roman?. /.^;er the Marfians were revolted, the * Pelignians 
 did the lembiibli,and<ped alike. D<?cir« alio the other Conlul had good (ucccffe in his wars. He 
 dravet'jeTaiquinians for fear, to find the t-vay corn, and to foe for a truce of forty years. Certain 
 ciftlesand holds of the VoUcinians, he forceably wan ; fomeottbcm beuttcrlyrafcd.for that they 
 foould not be any receptacle or harbour for the enemies. And with warring round about every \ 
 where, he became lo terrible, that the whole Tufcane nation made fute to the Conlul for peace and 
 conied'eracy .It they could not obtain;bat truce for a year wis granted.In regard wberof, for that 
 year they latisfied the whole pay for the army, and a double livery for every fouldier was exafted 
 and taken of them. This was the penfion and fine that their truce cod them. j 
 
 But now when all was quiet amot.g the Tofcans.the fudden revolting of the Umbrians,a nation 
 free, and faved hitherto from the calamitiesof war, but only.that the Roman army pafTiDg tbroogh 
 their territories troubled all anew.- for they having rajfed the ftrcngth and flower of their youth 
 and foUicited alfo agteat part of theTufcansto rebcll, levied fogreata-power that making no 
 accomptotP^c/a.-, whcmtbey left bchindthem in Hetmrit, they gave out proud words of 
 themtelves, and fpakebafely of the Romans, vaunting and boafting that they would march right 
 forth to aflault Ro7»e. Which defigne of theirs, lo loon as ic was reported to Dccitu the Cos. he 
 madcipeed, and by long journies^dcpartedout of //«r*r<Vi toward the Cify,and in the Country 
 of the Papiniant, encamped birnfclf ; liftning ever after the enemies, what they meant to do. Nei- 
 ther at Rtme was the Urabrians war neglededarid fet light by: for their very threats and menaces K ' 
 feared thtm, as who already bad feen by experience, by the foil they bad at the Gauls hands, how 
 unfurc a City they inhabited and not unpregnable. Therupon meffengers weredifpatchedtothe 
 Co(. FAbim, That if he had any breathing time, and reft from the bamnits war, he fhould with al 
 fpeed lead his army into Rmhia. The Col. obeyed, and by great joutrics went forward to * Me- 
 f4»/rf, where at that time the forces of the Umbrians lay. This ludden andunexpedcd coming of 
 the Cof. whom th ey thought verily occupied in SamniHrn far enough otf from hmhta, £o tenilietl 
 the Umbrians, that lome gave advile to, retire back to their walled towns, othctb to relmquifb 
 the war altogether. One Canton or trad of their country (which they thero(civescall-<^(i»fn«4 
 not only kept the reft in arms.but alio fet them on to fight immediitjy, fo as they charged upon f <#- 
 lius, as he was trenching and fortifying. Whom when the Col. f«w rufhing upon bis rampiets in L 
 fuchheapSjhc called his men from their woik.andtsthe ground &time would give leave.hemat- 
 (halled them in order of barrel •• and after he had encouraged his fouldiers with a true report & dif» - 
 courlc of m»r)y glorious and honourable joutnies atcbieved as well in ThftftU as alfo in Ssmnmm 
 he willed them to difpatch this I'mal refidue of the Tulcati war,that hung by and teojiined behind, 
 and to be revenged of that accurfed and impious fpeccb, whereby they threat ned to affail the City 
 ofi?«'WiThefe words of his were heard by the fouldiers wirhfucb alacrity tndcbeerfulnefs of heart, 
 that before their Generaii had made an end of his fpeecb, they let opa flioutof ihemfelves and in- 
 terrupted him : anJihus before commandment and fignall given by found of tiximpets and cor* 
 nets, rhey ran amain upon the enemies, and charged them as if they had not been men, and thole 
 alio armed. For (a wonderful thing to be fpokenj at the very firft they began to pluck the j^ 
 banners and ftrcamers out of the bearers hands, after that, the enfign-bearcrs themfelwes 
 were led to the Confuls, and the fouldiers armed as they were, fanfpotted out of one battal- 
 ion into another,and where there was any fcnf fling they fcught not (o much with fwotd.as buck- 
 ler : and what witd tbeir boffes and iron pikes, and what wiih juftling, fhouldering, and ftriking 
 the enemies about tbe arme-pits,they were overthrown and felled.In which skirmifli, more men 
 were taken then llnin .- and no other cry was heard throughout tbe fitld, but down with weapon, 
 down with weapon. So that in the very confiift, the principal authors of the warrendied them- 
 felves : and the morrow after, and other daies follo\ving,the reft of tbe people of tin. ^r/.rlikewife 
 yeelded. The Omculans by Itipulation only and pledges given, were received in amity. AndFabi- 
 Hi having thus got tbe viftoty in that war,wbich fell to another mans lot and charge, led back his j^ 
 army again mto his own province.And in regard of his'profperous and happy exploits, like as the 
 people the yearpaiicontinued his Confulfhip :fo tbe benat againft the year following,whcny^^. 
 Claudiui, and L.Vclf-mnitu were Colf.prorogued his martial rule ltill,maugre the heart of ^ppiM, 
 who wasg,reatly againlt it. In (ome Chronicles I findjbat j4fpifu, whiles he was Cenfor fued to 
 be Cnolul, and that his Eleftion was crofled and ftaied by L.Furim, a Tribune of Com.untill he 
 bad refigned up tDi Cenforfhip. Being created Cof, and tbe war with the Salentinsfdeclarcd new 
 cnen .ies) ilbited unto his Collegue, he remained at Romt ; that by civil policy, and managing 
 hoiiicaffairs. he niight augment hisownftate and authority, lincethat the honour of war- et vice 
 retted in the hands and condudl of another. Velum»$H* bad no caufe to repeat of his charge and 
 province .* ^cr many fortunat battels he fought, and fomc towns of tbe enemies by force be won. q 
 He wa^ a buuiitiful giver of the (poil away unto his fouldiers : and this bounty in it felf alone ac- 
 ceptable, be helped much with great courtefle and gentlenefle, by which vertacs and trtificiall 
 Cleans, be made tbe louldiers both venturous in peritsand bardy in travell. 
 
 O. F>ibiMt on tbe other parr, in quality of pro-Con(ul, gave battell totheSamniis neec 
 the City jillifayVibcte tbe day was norhing doubtful. The enemies were ducomfired and beaten 
 into tbeir camp .* Deitbei; bad they been able to have kept tbp field, but that there was but a lit* 
 
 tie
 
 The ninth Boo\ of T. Livius. 28; 
 
 \ tie diy left behind •• and yet before nighf, ibeywere bcfet round a'^out in their 'loldj ys, ^nd 
 watched with good guardsallnightlong,that none fiiould make escape. I he morrow mornin* 
 ere it was well day light, tbcy began to yeeld thcmfelves, and cocapi:ulate,th3t a-; many SaniDits 
 IS there wereamong them, (houldbefent forth in their (ingle garments, and th^y ail vveiit under 
 the gallows> As for their confederats and ailies.there was no fuch provifo nor compolition made, 
 butthey ail, to the number offevenrhcii and, were Ibid as flaves, and were a tiarland. As many 
 astdvowedthemklves tobcHernicksjwere kept apart by fhemlclves to betoithcomir.E;. All 
 tbolefrf^»»/lentto;?ewf to theSenar, and untiU (ucb time as enquiry was made, vvheiher 
 in a public k mufter tbey were preflcd louldicrsor voluntarily Icrved under the Samnitsagairitl the 
 Romans, they were committed to be kept in ward among fundry nations of the Latins .- during 
 
 B which time, the new Conluls, Ftthlim Comeitus Arvtna^ and Qtuntim Marttm Tremulus^fot 
 thole were now created j had in charge to propofe that matter anew unto the 5er,at. The Hef- 
 nicks took that ill. Whereupon the Anagnins held a Diet or General Councel in the round Cirque* 
 which they czW Mar it imtu, of all the Cities of that Nation, except the AlatrinatSjFerentinatSjand 
 the Verulans. Waere the whole State of Hernicks proclamed war againlt the peoplt oi Rome. In 
 Samtutem alio, for tha' F^^/«/ was departed thence, there aroie new troubles and rebellions'. 
 Calatia and Sara were forced, aud the Roman garnlons that there hy, were put to the fword 
 and upon the bodies of as tnany as they took alive, they cxetcifed much torture and croeltrl 
 Whereupon Puhlitu Cernetnu the Coniul was thither fent. And to Manitu were the tiew* 
 enemies appointed ("for by this time decreed it was, Thit war Hiculd be made upon the 
 
 C Anagoins and the other Hemicks.) At the firfi: the enemies had fofeifed all theconveniem 
 paifesand waies between both tbeConlbls camps , that there could not readily palTe a Isckt^ 
 or currier between, in fo much, as tor certaindaiesboth Con!nIs abode doubtful! how the 
 world went, and uncertain one of the others ftate. The fear whereof, fpred to i?c«?ff, foasill 
 the youngerlorr Qiom (tvcnteenyearsofagetoleven andfortyj ;varetoferve .• and againft all 
 fuddenocc3fions,ar)d occunents whatioever, twofull and compleat armies were levied and en- 
 rolled. But the Hernick war was nothing correfpondent eithertothc prefent menaces.orto the 
 ancient glory and reputation of that nation .'for having done no worthy adventures, and within 
 few daieslolf their camp thrict:,; hey covenanted fur to have thirty daies truce ; durin-:' which 
 time, they might fend Embafl'adoursiothe Senat oi Rome : and in confideraticn hereof they 
 
 D promiled to lay down two months pay, and to find corn for the army, and alio w every fculdier 
 one coat. But from the Senat they were put cflf and refc rred to Manias : unto whom by crdfei: 
 from (be Senat,a large commiflion was granted,to difpofe of the Heroicksas he he thought good i? 
 and to he took the whole nation as yeelded to his dcvotfori. The other Ccnful in S a.rn.r.nitit beir.g 
 in forces more puiffant then the enemy, was not withdanding encurrtbrtd much with the difficul- 
 ty of the ground.- All the paiTagts bad the enemie (topped, aud poRelTed himfelfof the forrelts 
 and woods which were thorow faircS: that no way viftaa'$Jm;c,ht be convcicd into him. Ntithetr 
 could the Conful, for all that daily he dilplaied bannerin field, trgi.T them fonh to fight : foas 
 it was well tten,th»tneithcrthe Samnits could abide prelcnt battell, nor the Remans long dei 
 layof wir.Butthe arrival of Martius who upon the iubduingof the HerR!cks,made hafi tc aid hi^ 
 
 £ Colleague, cauted the enemy to defer no longer the triallof the fidd, For, tbey, who thcught 
 tbemlelves not good enough to match To much as the one arrnVsL-^ew fu! vr! (bat if thry fuftered 
 twoConfuls avmies to join together,there had been no hope left, Tbey therefore fe? upon Martin 
 m as he marched without order of battel.Herenpon in al halt thtir truiTes and fardels were brcu:.ht 
 together and laid in the middle ; and as the time would permit, he fet his ioirldicrs in arrsy. 'At 
 thefiilt encounrer, the fhcut was hard into the Ciirp of the other Coniul. Afcet wards tbeduft 
 deicried sfar oft, gave an al'arm, and made a trouble and tumult there. Then the ConiuU pre- 
 fently comirignded to arm ; and hsftily brmging his louldicrs forth into the field, enired upon the 
 batrellofihe enemits in the flank, whiles tbey were buficd in another skirmifh. He cried a- 
 loud to his men, ihat it were exceeding great fhame, to fuffcr the other armj to carry away dcu- 
 
 f ble victory, and not thetrJelves win the honour of that war, which xvaj their proper charge. 
 Thus, whetelosver he charged, he brake in and made enfrancCjand having pierced and made a 
 great bneth.ouch (be midltof the enemies battel5hc palled on towa-'ds their camp; which find- 
 ing void ctdeUndinis, he took and let afire. Which when the louldicrs of Maniut \%\\\)\ixvf 
 irg before their faces, and t be enemy likewile, asthey looked beh'.nd: then began the iam- 
 nits on aii hands to flic .• but killed they were every where down right .- ail places tull of murder 
 and flaui;hter:loin no part could they find means to efcapeand lave themfelves. Now when there 
 were thirty thouland of the enemies flain.the Conluls foanded the retreat^and ga:hc;ed both their 
 armiestogctber. With great con^^ratuhtion one to the other: by which nmebchole, there were, 
 delciied a tar cff, certain new bands of enemies, enrolled for a inpply ; and they gave occafiotf ' 
 
 ^ of a new and trefli fliugofer. Againft whom without commandment n' Crr.ful, cr any fignall re- 
 ceived from thtir leaotrs, the Ron. ans advanced lullily, cryinq aloi'd.thst the'c .'•amni'.s were to 
 be welcomed with an ill baniell,8nd this their firlt training fhould ccU them deer. Tne Con- 
 luls lettae kcions aione in this theirfurious heat, as who knew wellenough, that thcfe new co- 
 iTjersfeeing the old beaten louidiers fo altonied alteidy and f^> ing awsy, vsculd ioon h.ivc enouah 
 of it, and not once adventure fight. And they were not deceived m their opinrcn ; fortiie whoic 
 forces of the Samnics as well old and new, fled apace unto the next n.cun tains ; atid thither tne 
 
 Romans
 
 2.84 The nmbBooJ\ofT. Livius. 
 
 Romans alfo make as great fpeed. But no fafc place could tfaofe vanquifhed enemies find:for even H 
 from the very hil tops which they beld.tbey were beaten do wn,(o that with one voice they all cra- 
 ved peice.Tben after the Conluls had jmpoled upon them corn for three months, and a years pay, 
 and for every (ouldier a livery bcfides, they were permitted to lend Embaffadours to the Senat, 
 to treat and capitulat thereof. During which time, Cor»«//<« was left in Sammum, iai Mar' 
 titu returned into the City, with triompb over the Hcrnicks. Moreover a decree paffed, that his 
 ftatue riding on horlback fliould remain i n the common place of affcmblies, which was erefted 
 accordingly even before the Temple of C«if7or.To three States of the Hernicks, to wit, the Alatri- 
 nats.thc Verulans andFercntinats, theirown laws, and tncient liberties were reftored again, 
 beciufe they made choice thereof, rather than to be enfranchifed Citizens of Rome.' and permitted 
 they were to marry amongftthe Romans; which liberty they only of the Hernickes lor a good I 
 while enjuied. The Anagnins, and thofe that had born arms againft the Romans were in- 
 corporat free denizens of Rome, but without the priviledge of giving voices and fufifrages .• 
 debarred they were of holding any Councels and making marriage; with tbem.yca, and denied 
 at all to elcft any magiftracy, but only the funftion and miniltry of divine fervice and iacri- 
 fices. 
 
 Tha (ame year the Cbippell of dame Salus was by C. Junius Butu/cm now Cenfor, fet out ae ■ 
 a price to be built, which be in his Conlalfhip had vowed, in the Samnits war. By his d jredi- 
 on and appointment, together with his co\\esgaeAI.ralerituMtiximmfj\Nerc the great high waies 
 and caufeys made, of all fides of the City, through the fields, at the common charge and expenfes. 
 The fame yeariifo, was the league renewed now the third time with the Carthaginians .• and K 
 their EmbalTadors who came for that purpofe, were coarteoufly entertained, and rewarded libe- 
 rally 'Jvith rich gifts. In that year there was a Diftator P. Cornel. Seip »> with F. Dtcitu Gerteral 
 of the horle ; and tbefe were Prcfidents at the Eledion of Conluls, for to that purpofe they were 
 crcatedjbecaafe neither of the two Confuls could be fpared from the wars. Confuls were created 
 L.Poflhumi-M.vni T.Mmniitu.Ytvx Fife ftyth,that tbefe Conluls immediatly fuccceded^^4^/«/ 
 and P. X)#c/»/: leaving out thole two years, wherein he bath written that Claudius with Volum' 
 niu6^^^^ Cornelius witb /^artiut were Confuls.Wbetber be forgot bimfclf in digefting his Annals 
 and yearly records, or of fet purpofe overhipt twocoople of Confuls^thinking that they were not 
 in truth Confuls, I wot not. 
 
 The fame year the Samnits made rodcs into the territories of SteUa,w\thia the liberties and ap- L 
 purtenancesof the Campains,and therfore both Confuls were fent into Samnium: who when they 
 were parted into divers wayes.for Pofihumita took his journey to Ttfer»ftm,?ind Minntius to Be- 
 vian»m : firfl; there was battell fought at Tifemnm, under the leading of PeJlhumtMs. Some make 
 no doubt, but write, that the Samnits were difcomfited, and piat to the worfe, and thirty thou- 
 fand of ihtm taken priloners : others fay, that the conflift was equall, and that they departed 
 on even hand : alfo thiXFoJihumiHs making femblanct of fear,journyed by nightj& dofely retired 
 untofbe bils acijoyning,& the enemies followed after them,two mileSjand from thence encamped, 
 and fortified alfo tbcmfelves in ftrong places of advantage. The Conful, b:caure he would be 
 thougbtto bsvefought andchofea fafeplace, and plentifully ftorcd witballneceffaties(asit was 
 no leds indeed) where he might keep a [landing camp ; after be had fortified the fame , and fur- j^ 
 nifhcd it with all kind of provilion.leaving behind him a ftrong garrifon for defence ; at the relief 
 of the third watch, leadeth the neerelt way,hU legions not encumbred witb cariage, to his Col- 
 league.who alio himfelf lay in camp over againft another army. There, by the pcrfwalion & advice 
 of Pofihy,miut^ Mtmtitu gave battcU ; and when as the confiift continued doubtfuU nntiil it was 
 far on the day 5 then PsflhnmiHs with bis frefh legion?, on a fudden charged the battaillons of the 
 enemies, now already overroyled ;t bus partly for wcarinefl>,and partly for wounds,tbey being 
 difabled for to flee away,were out of all meal'ure fliin every one, and xxi. banners were taken-' and 
 lo from thence they went forward to the camp of Pephnmiut.Where tbefe two vidorious armies 
 finding the enemy difcouraged and amazed at the tidings of this overthrow, fee upon them, dil- 
 comfited, and put them to flight ; and wan from tberoxxvi. cnfigncs ; where the General of the j^ 
 Samnits Staiius CeUitu, with many a man befides, was taken prironer,and both their camps won. 
 hoviannm alfo^wbich the morrow after began to be aflaulted,was fhortly after forced : and finally 
 with great glory of no noble ads atcbievcd,both Conluls triumpbed.Some write that the Conful 
 MmHtitss being gricvoufly hurt , wasbrought back into the camp,aDd there dyed .-and xhitM. 
 Fnhiui was (ubliitu'ed Conlul in his room .• and that it was he, who being fent unto the army of 
 Minutifts, wan Bovianum.T)ic lame year 5cr.t, Arpinum^ia& Cenfeniia were recovered from the 
 Samnits : and the great image of Hercnles was in the Capitol fet up and dedicated, 
 
 V^hmx%P.Siilfitiut Averrio, ind P.Sempromns Sophus were CoQ. the Samnits defiring ei- 
 ther to fee an end of war.or die to delay it,fent Embaffadors to Rome pretending peace.To whom 
 •' as they pleaded and intreatcd moft humbly, this anf wer was given ; That if the Simnits had not q 
 '•foolten treated forpcsce, when they intended and prepared war they might cfter certain cnter- 
 *' views, and conferences paflcd between, obtein their luit : but iince that evermore untillthit 
 'time, their words were but wind; now they would truft to their deeds, and nothing elfe. P. 
 " Semfroy.iMs the Conful, fhall fborly t»i in Sa-nnium with an army .• who would not be abnfed, 
 "i^ut loon (ee, whether their nindsbeenclinedto war or peace.' and as he found and law every 
 '.tbingjfo would he bring word and make rclatioD.-and therfore tbeirEuibafladors were to attend 
 ! upon
 
 The ninth Boo\ of T. Livius. 2 8 < 
 
 •^ Upon the Conful when he departed out of S<»»«»«/w. Thcftme year after that the Romans army 
 bad paffed peaceably to and fro, and vifited tWSammum, having vi6luals by the country courtt- 
 oufly allowed, the ancient league was granted again to the Samnits. From thence turned the Ro- 
 mans their forces againrtthe.-Equian^jtheirold enemies;but tor many years making femblanceof 
 quietncis, where as indeed their peace was little to be trufted : for that the Hernick nation was 
 iafe and on foot, they wthtbem, had u(cd ofrcntimes under hand tofendaiduntotbeSamnits; 
 and aUo af' er the (ubduing of the Hcrnicks,the whole nation in a maner without diiTetr.olin^, and 
 averring all they did by wublick counfell and authority, had fallen away unto the enemie : sod af- 
 ter that the Romans had made league with the Samnits, and their heralds came to make claim for 
 their goods took from them byway ofhollility, they laid, It was but a tempting of tbcm/olee, 
 g whether upon fear of war they would foflFcrtbemfelvesto become Romans. Which, (ay they, how 
 greatly it were to be wifli'd.theHernicks was able to teach them:fbrfhey,as many of them as had 
 liberiytodo what they would.chole rather to live under their own laws.then to be entranchifed 
 citizens ofReme ; but othcrs.who had not the fame Icope to choofc to their liking, they were con- 
 ftrai.ied to accept of the BurgeoKie of their City, byway ofa punifhment. Upon thefelpeeches 
 and arguments commonly tolfed in their alTemblies and Coancels.the people of ^coti? decreed wac 
 againlf the iKquians .• to which both the Conluls went, and encamped four miles from their ene- 
 mies camp. The iEquians (who in their own behalf, and for any quarell of theirs, had many years 
 fat ftill and made no war^ like a> if their army bad been levied of a ludden and in haft, witbouf 
 certain Captains appointed, and without any Generall to command, were affraid. Seme thought 
 -, good to go forth into the field, others to defendtbcmlclves, and keep within their camp .• moft 
 of them were moved to think aforehand upon the wafting of their country afterwards, and con- 
 fcqucntlyihe dtftrudibn of their cities left but with flender gsrrifons. Therefore after tha^ai 
 mongft many opinions, this only had audience, namely, to abandon the care of publickwesl and 
 every man to regard bis own privaf ftite, and at the firft watch to depart divers waics one from 
 the other, nnd quit the camp, and convey away all their bag and baggage, and to defend their 
 Cities within the wals .-they all with one accord accepted thereof, and imbracedit. Now when 
 the enemies were thus fcattered abroad about the country ,the Romans by day light, with banner 
 difplaied went forth into the field t and when they faw no man come abroad to meet them, they 
 marched in warlike order space towards the enemies camp. But when as they could perceive 
 J, there,neither warders before the gats,nor any man upon the trench &rampiers,nor fo mach as the 
 ufuall fjoife of a leaguer 5 being moved with this unaccuftomed filence, for fear of forelaying and 
 treachery, they ftood ftill ; but being got over therampicr, and finding the tents void and empty, 
 they fct forward to purlue the enemy by his trace. But when tbey found their foot-tracks.leading 
 to all parts of the Country alike •• as being flipt here and there, lundry and divers waiesj at tha 
 firft ihey waodred out of the way,aad miffed of them ; but afterwards knowing by their eipials the 
 pnrpolc and intent of their enemies^ they went round about and befieged every City, and in tbree- 
 Icore daics wan forty towns all by aflault : moft part whereof were raz ed even with the ground, 
 md confumed into allies, and the nation of the iEquians utterly in a manner deftroyed. O- 
 ver the iEquians there was triumph ; Whofe calamity and delolat ion was fo fearful! an exsm- 
 pie, to the Marrucins, Marfi, Peligni, and Ferentins, that they fcnt Orators to Reme to treat for 
 ^ peace and amity t and to all thole nations at their re qaeft, a league was granted. The lame year, 
 C F/<»fi»» 1 Notary or Regifter by profeflion, whofe father Cuetu was no better than ofa Have 
 made free, a man, thus defcended of bale and low parentage, howbcit otherwifcs crafty and c- 
 loqoent withall, arofe to be an jEdi'e Curule. 1 find in fome records, that when hegaveat- 
 tendance in his calling to the jEdiles,and faw that his own Tribe were willing to give hiai their 
 voices and cleft him ^dile, but his name not accepted of among other competitcurs, for that 
 begot his living by his pen, hecaftafide his books and papers, and fware an oatfj, that he 
 would no longer be a Notary and ule pencraff. But Maccr Ltcinius avoucheth, that s good while 
 before, that he gave over his writing, namely, after he had been Tribune, and born two 
 t Ttiumvirfhips, the one for the night mifrulcs, the other for the placing and tranfportingofa 
 Colony. Butthey all agree upon this, that he becarr.e very ftout, and in great contumacyop- 
 pofedhimfelf and made head againft the Nobles that contemned his bafe birth. Thccivillaw 
 whichfaefore time was laid op jn great fecret by the Priefts, and Prelats in their Arches, he 
 publi filed abroad : and letup a table in the great common place, in manner of a Calen- 
 der, wherein all men might know worke-daies from ho!y-dayes ; when it was lawfull to plead, 
 and when net. Alfo in defpite, and to the great heart-burning of the Patritti , be 
 dedicated the temple of the goddeffe ^oACor^i upon the Court of ri/Zcdw .• and by the generall 
 content of the people, Cornelius Bisrbatxs the high Ptiell was compelled to endite and pro- 
 nounce the certain form of words tii-rto belonging ; notwitbftanding hecontcfted and denied, 
 ^ that by the cuftomes of their forefathers any could dedicate a Temple, unleffe he were cirhcr 
 Conlul-.rGeptiall of an army. And therefore by th^ authority of the Senat, alawwas pre- 
 ferr/d to ihe people. That no man might dedicate a Temple or Altar, without permillion and 
 conlentcf the Conful, orthe more part of the Tribuns of Commons. I will report in this 
 place a thing, of it felf not worthy of remembrance, but only for a proof and example of the 
 liberty of the Ccmmrns againft the pride and infolencic of the Nobles* Ibis F/avim, coca- 
 irgCt:on a time to vifit his Collcgue lying lick, by a complot afore hand of certain young 
 
 gentle-
 
 2.85 J he nmtbBoo\ofT' Livius. 
 
 I 
 
 gentleman of the Patrituns ihac lac by his bed fide, had no reverence done unto him, nor any one H 
 lo much as rofe up acemranceinio the chamber: whereupon, hecomraanded his ivory thair 
 ofScate CO be brought unto him,andfethimi'elfuponic; andi'o he outfaced his adverfaries, thac 
 were lo vexed to the heart with envy of his dignity .ThisF/^w^^ wasnominated & chofen^Edile, 
 by the bale faiVion of the commoners^ banding together in the place of alVemblies : who fir(t took 
 heart by the CcnforQiip of^^jj/^iC/.T^wf the firll that ever dilUined and polluted the Scnat, by 
 bringing in the Sens of Libcrtins : and when hefaw that no man accounted that Eletftion of Se- 
 nators good ano law full, and perceived withall, that in the Court he had not that backing ol Ci- 
 tizens which he fought for ; he intermingled in every Tribe certain of the molt bafeperl'onsof 
 the Commons: and lo he corrupted both the common place and y^/^rJ field alio. Infomuchas 
 theEletftion oiFUvHsvas reputed fo unworthy an indignity, that molt of the gentlemen of I 
 Rome laid away their gold rings and rich trapping of their horfes which were the ornaments and 
 enfigns of their calling. Andfrom the time forward theCitywas divided into two parts. One 
 fide was maintained and upheld by the true hearted people, fuch as favoured and loved good 
 things : the other by the fa£^ion of riffe-raffe and fcum of the City ; untill the time that Qj,jhiHs 
 zndP.DcmsvjQiQ created Cenfors. F<j^/«^ to bringtheCity unto an uniform accord and to 
 withfbnd this inconvenience, that the EledionsofMagif-lratsfhouldnotbecarriedaway by the 
 »Tribesofthe ^ro*^ h^nd of the vileltandmolt abjeit perfons, made a feparation of all that bafe rabble, and 
 Ciiy fuch as "ft them into four Tribes,and called chem * Vrbama. Which adtion of bis(men fay) was accepted 
 were born to with fo great contentment snd thankfulneffe.that upon the good temperature of degrees, he pur- 
 noUnds in the chafed iheliirname of ^.xv/w«/, whichin fo many victories he had not at quired and obtained. K 
 the reft were By him alio (by report) it was ordained and inftituced, that on the Ides ofM;, thehorfemen 
 named Rufti- fode,as icweri, inafolemnmuHer5and (hewing their great horfes totheCenfor. 
 
 ex. 
 
 The Tenth Book 
 
 Oj the HifloriesofT. Livius of Vadua, from the Foundation 
 
 of the City of Rome* ^ 
 
 The Breviary of Z^.f/oria upon the Tenth Book. 
 
 Tvi>9 Colonies Were plant cd in Sora andhVoi.The marfians of Carfeola, n>ere reduced under ohe~ 
 dt.nce.Thef'llow'^ifofthe Auf^iirswas aH^rKcntedto the number of nine^ whereas before 
 they ivere wont to be butfnir.The law or cdivl as touching the appealing to thepeople^ivas notv 
 the third tiwe propofed by Vldenus the Cofjful. Two Tribes more were add.d to the r;0 -M 
 Anien(is<^»^ Terentin.1. Warw^is denounced againfl the Sarfin-ts^ a: d fort unatly fought withthern * 
 What tin;e Ai there was a hattcll given to theTufcaus^ ^t/sbrians^ Samnits and Gauls, under the^ 
 conduS ofV. Decius,^W Qiiintus Fabius, and the Roman army was in gre.ir extremity ofdanoer 
 P.Decius following the example o^ his father, devolved and expofed hmifelfe to die voluntarily 
 fortofavethehofi: and by his dcdtli obtained the viUory of that jjumy^tohis coiintrimenandfellorv 
 C«7i?;;j.Papirius Cmioip^it to flight an army of the Samnits-, who were bo-.t-id by afolemn oath not to 
 depa--t out vf the battrl without viBory-, to the end, that with more magnanimity and reflution- the* 
 jhould enter into the field. The Cenjc was held andthe number tak_en oft he Citix,enJ,with thefolemnpur- 
 ging and Lujlration of the Ctty. And affejfcdthcre were 262322 pob. ^ 
 
 The Tenth Boo\ of T. Li viu s. n 
 
 ,^_ -— p,-^ -— .^'^n L.Genutitisini Ser. Cornelius were Confulf, there wis rtft in a manner 
 ^ ^ ^ T^from all wars abroad j in fuch fort, as they bad leilure to place certaine * 
 \/ \/ Colonies at Sora and Alba : And for Alba there were enrolled 6ooo 
 ▼ ^ inhabitants, to afFornt rbc ^quianj. As for Sora, it had (omctimcs 
 
 belonged to the Voilcians territory ; but the Samnits ufurped the potTeffion of it , and 
 thither four thouland u'cre fent to inhabit. The fame year, the Arpinats and Trebulans 
 wereinfranchifed d(.ni:'-ensat /^owff. The Frufinats were fined with the loffe of one third 
 part of their lands r tor they were evidcr.fiy deteffled to have (oUicited the Hcrnicks co rebclli- ~ 
 on.' and after that the Cc/nfuls CommifTion from the Senat,hsd made due inquifitioi>,the principall 
 heads of that com'piracv, were fcourceJ and beheaJcd, yet becaule there fhould not pafs a year 
 clean without war, a /ourriy was made (fuch a one as it w^s)''moUmbr,a\ upon news.that there 
 ufed to iflue forth day by day, ceitain men in arms out of a cave, and to make rodes into the coun- 
 try abcur. Into this cave or peak, the Ilomansentred with their enhgnes dilplaycd : where 
 b)' rcafsn that it was a blind corner, they receivtd many a wound, and fpecjally by throwing oF 
 
 flones
 
 The tenth Boo\of T. Livius. og^ 
 
 A ftones ; untill fuch time as they found the other mouth of thecave(for it was a thorovv-fare ) So 
 they piled a deal of wood together at both ends, and fee it on fire': with the fmokeand vapour 
 whereof,there were about 2000 armed men driven out of their hole, who rufliingac ha into the 
 flame .delirous to elcapcwere fmothered and burnt to aflies. 
 
 When as M.Uvim B enter ^z^A C. ^^myliits- were Confuls, the if quians began to war attain : 
 forthey hardly could abide and endure .that a Colony iTiould be planted upon their borders^ as a 
 tromier-fortrefs to bridle them, and affaied by all kind of force to win the fame : but they were 
 luUily repulfed by the Inhabitants only within the town.Howbeit/uch a tear they made at Rome 
 becaufe it was not thouglit credible, that the i£quians alone of themfelves, fo didrtfftd as they 
 B were, would be fo hardy as to take arms,that in regard of that trouble, a DidiatGr was nimed,to 
 wit.Cj««;«i BtthulcHs^ with r.Titinms General of the horfe.VVho at the firfl conflia fubdued the 
 iEquians, and upon the eighth day of his government returned into the City in triumph : and 
 now the Diitator, dedicated the Temple of ^^/w/, which he had vowed being Conful, and had 
 pucoutto workmen for to be builded, while he was Cenfor. 
 
 The fame year a fleet ot Greeks , under the conduit of C Uonymus a Lacedaetnonian, arrived up- 
 on thecoaftot Zfrf/r, andwonTW/<«,a City of theSalentins. AgainR this enemy wasthe Con- 
 ful iEwy//«,rfent, who in one battel dilcomHted him, anddrovehim aboord. Thus 7"^«^;<e was 
 rendred again to the former Inhabitants, and the Salentine Country obtained peace and quiet- 
 nef<:.I find in lome Records-,that it was Jun. Buhdcunht Didlator who was fent to the S.uemins: 
 Q and that r /fowyw/z^betorehe was to encounter with the Romans, departed out of ludj. from 
 thence he fetched a compafs, and doubled the point of Bni>idtifi:im-, and failed with a fore-wind 
 through the midif of ^ -.nee gulph : for that on the left hand the Haveniefscind harbourlefs coafts 
 oi Italy, and on the right, the lUyrians, Liburnians, and Khians, fierce n.uions, andfor themoft 
 part,reputed infamous, for roving and robbing by the fea-hde, put him in exceeding fear. So he 
 arrived aclengch upon the ri^er of ^f»w, lying far within the fhore.and there he landed a few to 
 difcover the Coalis : but hearing that the flrand that lay out againlf them was not broad and fpa- 
 cious and when they were palf over it, there were behind them the plaflies ( as it were j over- 
 flowed with the !ea-tides, and that not tar off might be feen the champian fields near hand, and 
 hils beyond ; and difcovering by this means the mouth of a very deep river, into which he faw, 
 £> that the fhips might be brought about as into a fure harbour ( now that rivers name was A^edu- 
 acis) thither he commanded, that the Armada fhould put in, and to make fail up acainfl: the 
 ftream.The heavieft velTels.the chanel of the river would not bear : but the fouldiers were tranf- 
 portedin lighter barks andfmallpinaces, and ib fell at length with the levell and the plain Couh- 
 try,frcquented with much people, by reafon that three lea. towns ofthePatavins, inhabited that 
 Territory. Being once landed,and having left a flender guard for their fhips, they take Towns by 
 affault, burnt houfes, plunder and drive awayprizes both of men and catteil : and when they had 
 once tailed of the fweetnefs of booty and pillage, they went far from their fhips. The allarm 
 hereof was given at Pa:nvium{x\ofi the Patavins were alwaies in arms, becaufe of the Gauls their 
 borderers,)Wherupon they divided their fighting youth into two regiments: the one was led in- 
 E to thole quarters whereas the report went, that the Greeks forraged here and there all abroad : 
 the other, becaufe they would not meet with the robbers and rovers, was conduced another 
 way to the harbour, where the fhips rid (about fourteenmiles from the Town. And after they 
 had flain the wardersjthey charged upon the fmall barks. Whereupon the marrlners were afraid, 
 and were forced to retire their veffels to the other bank-fide. Likewlfe upon the main they fped 
 as well in fight againft thelkagling rovers : for when as the Greeks fled back to recover the har- 
 bour, the Venetians encountred themafront, and made head againlf them. So the enemies were 
 environed in the midit, and moft of them flain: fome that were taken prifoners, bewrayed 
 what their fleet was, and that King C/fo/y/w;.-^ was three miles off. There, when they had be- 
 ftowed the prifoners fure enough in ward within the next village; fome man with fouldiers 
 p their river-veffels, made fitly and framed with flat bottoms, for to pafs overthe meers and llial- 
 lo w wafhes ; others embark armed men in the fmall gallions taken ftom the enemies j and made 
 way apace to give an afTault upon the main fleet, and befet thofe fliips which rid at anchor, and 
 durfl not weigh and remove, fearing not the enemy, fo much as the unknown coafls, Thefe, 1 
 fay, they environed, and charged upon them: and when they made halie to gain the deep and 
 open Tea, without any refiftance at all, they were purfued and chafed unco the mouth of the ri- 
 ver. Thus when they had taken the enemies fhips, and fired others, namely, fuch as for fear and 
 hafte were driven upon the (helves, andruna-ground, then they returned with viftory. Chony- 
 mus hardly faved the fifth part of his fleet. And thu^ having had no good luck in attempting 
 tolandinanycoaffof the Adriatick fea, he departed. Theftems of the fhips, with their beak- 
 G heads, andbrazenpikes, together with thefpoils of theL-icedarmonians, were fet up in the old 
 Temple cf.'juno, and there be many at this day alive, whi'h have feen them. The memoriall of 
 this fei-fight, is celebrated yearly (upon the very fame d.iy that it vvastought) at Pcitavnm-, 
 withafolemnskirmifliandcombateof iliipsreprefented upon the river, within the midft of the 
 City. 
 
 The fame year was a League made at Rome with the VelHns, who came to fue for peace and 
 am'ty. But t'rom that time, there arofe many and divers fearfuU occurrents. For news came, 
 
 that
 
 "^gg '^ "™ 7k f^»f& Boo^ of T.Livius, 
 
 that HftrwW^iiebelled, which troubles took their beginning by occafionof the civill diflentionH 
 and difcord of the Aretins : who began to expeilby force of arms the houfe and hmily of the 
 Uc'inii ( mighty and puiffant above the red ) for very envy and repine of their wealth and ri- . 
 ches. Overhand befides, the Marfians Rood out, and by armsmaintained their title to that part 
 of their territory, into which there had been a Colony of Carfeolans brought, to the num- 
 ber of fourth oufand men, enrolled there to inhabit. Againft which airs and tumults, Marctu 
 Valerius M'ixi»ius v/is CKitcd Diitator; who made choice of M. Em)lim Pmlos to be the 
 Commander of the Horfe. Which I rather beleeve to be true, than that ^ Fol'/tts, amanof 
 thofe years and that worth, after fo many honourable dignities, fhould beundeiK/erius. But 
 I would not deny, thjt theerrour might grow by reafon of thefurname ot Maximus. The I 
 Di<:^!ator having taken the field with his Army, in one battell difcomfitedtheMarfians: and 
 after he had driven them into their walled and fenced Towns, Mdoniana^ Pkfiina, and Frefilm ; 
 within few daies-, he wonthemalfo over their heads: andhaving fined the Marhans with the 
 lofs of fome p. . r of their Territory,he received them into their ancient League again. Then all 
 the forces were emploied againft theTufcans: and whiles the Diftacor was departed to iJowf 
 to take his Aufpices anew, the General ot Horfe, being gone out a forraging, wasbyafecrec 
 ambu(h entrapped. And having loft certainenfigns, he was forcedintotheCamp, after afoul ': 
 flaughter and (hameful flight ot his men. Which fearfuil cowardice is not like to havebeen in | 
 Fahiwt not only, becaufe if ever hedeferved his furname of >^<^^/ww by any commendable 
 parts, it was efpecially for his prowels in war ; but alio, for that in remembrance ot Papyrms S 
 his cruelty toward him, he never could have been brought to fight, without the command- 
 ment or permifTion of the Didator. This difcomfiture and lofs being reported it Rome, cau- 
 fed a greater terrour than there was caule. Fornolefsthanif the Army had been utterly de- 
 feated, there was publiflied and proclaimed a ftay and cefl'ation of all law -matters, warders be- 
 fiowed at the gates, order taken for flanding watches in every ftreet, and armour and darts car- 
 ried up to the wals. And aiter that alhhe younger fort werefworn and preftto fervetheDi- 
 ftator was fent again to the Army. Where, he found all more quiet than he looked for^through 
 the careful! dilligence of the Generali of Horfe. The Camp was removed to a place of more 
 flren^th and fafcty, the bands and companies which had loft their enfigns, left on the bare 
 earth without the rampiers, deftituce of tents and covert ; and the army eager and defirous of L 
 fioht,to do away and rafe out the former ignominy and fhame. Prefently therefore, he raifed his 
 Camp, and removed forward into the covmry o£ RafelU. Thither followed the enemies alfo 
 hard at heels; Who albeit,upon their late good f peed,they were in right great hope and affiance, 
 to be Orong enough even in open fij^htand plain field ; yet they aflailthe enemy alfo by the fame 
 fleights and trains w';i'h they had already fortunately tried. There fortuned to be in thecoun- 
 try thereabout, not fsr from the Romans Camp, certain houfes half pulled down and ruinate, 
 belonging to a village which was burned when the country was over-run : where, after they had 
 bcliowcn -.lorely certain men in arms, they drave their beafts andcattel in the very fight of 
 the Pvcman corps dc git^-rd, commanded by C.Fuhiusy a Lieutenant: at which bait, when as 
 there iiirrcd no man from the Roman wards, one of the Heardmenadvanced even under the M 
 very trcr:,h and fortifications of the Roman;, and called aloud to the reft ( that feemed for 
 feartocirivebutflowly from the ruins of the village aforefaid ) asking why they ftaied behind, 
 feeing rley might fafely m?irch, and pafs forward ftill ( as it were) through the middle of the Ro- 
 man C.?mp ? Thei'e words certain Carits interpreted to the Lieutenantf f/fo/w;. Whereat, every 
 band or comp:ny of fouldiers took great indignjtion, but durft notftir a foot withont a war- 
 rant. Then he commanded thofe that were skilfull in the tongue to mark whether their language 
 founded neerer to the fpeeih of peafants or to Citizens: Who brought word, that both their 
 voice,and .illb the habit and frefh hueof their bodies, vvas more elegant andcivillthanfor coun- 
 try Oicpherrl s.Go yonr waies thenf'quoth he junto them and bid them beware and difcover their 
 ambufli wbiih in vain they feem to hide: for that the Romans were cunning in all things, andN 
 adverti'ed of their defTgns, and could no more now be overtaken with wiles, than overcome by 
 arms.Whenihefe wr>rds were once heard and carried to thofethatlayin waitiprefentlytheyftart 
 up out of their lurking hoies,and brought forth their enfigns all abroad into the open field. The 
 lieutenant luppofmg they were a greater troop than might be dealt vvithall and matched by his 
 corps dif<T'<fird. with all fpeed fei t for aid to the Diftator: and in the mean while himfelf received 
 and bare of! the brunt and fori ibie charge of his enemies. This meffage was nofooner brought, 
 but the DifLitor commanded the (landards to be advanced,and the fouldiers to arm and follow: 
 but >:\crv thing was done fooner .Imoft than it could be commanded : forthwith they caught 
 up the enfigns. and took weapon in hand : and fcarcely could they be held in, but that they would 
 run amain. For not only the ipireful ang«r of the late received lofspricked them on, butalfo o 
 tljie riiouts of their ("eKows, whi.hthey might hear more loud, and to be redoubled thicker ac- 
 cording as the skirmiHi ^rc w hotter and hotter.The greater hafte therefore they made,whiles one 
 putteth forward another,and t rieth to the porcenfigns to go fafter and mend their pace. But rhc 
 more haftetheDIdfatorfeeth them to m ake, the more earneft was he to keep them back in their 
 march,and to hold them in ; willing them to go fair and foftly, Contrariwifethe Tufcans, who 
 rofe up at the beginning of the battel,were there ready with their whole forces to give the charge. 
 Whereupon there came tneflenger after meflenget to the Dilator, bringing word that all the 
 
 legions
 
 The tenth Boo\ofT,\J\v\us, 289 
 
 ^ legions of the Tufcans were entred inco the fight,and that his men alre,idy were not able to refift 
 anylonger. Nay himlelt" alio, from the higherground, might fee inwhatd.uigerthe corps ds^mrd 
 was. But prefuming and redlnguponchis conceit , that the Lieutenant was able yet to m.iincain 
 fight, confidering that he was not far offhimfelfto help and fave him out oFperil; hevvasdei roiij 
 that the enemies might be wearied and dred afmuch as was polfible^and chat his o wnfor.es frelli 
 and in heart, fliould fetupon them overtoiled. And albeu they went foftly forward, yet by this 
 time had the Horfemen but a very fmail ground to cake their run with full career. Formolf mar- 
 ched the enfigns of his legions, chat the enemy fhouldnotfear any coverc nnd privy (hac.igem, but 
 leave good fpaces and dilfanccs betweenthchlesof their footmen, through which the Horfes 
 B might have room and liberty enough to gallop with eafc. Then all the battailioh of the Infantry 
 fet up a cry and fh out when they charged , and withal, the Cavalry, with reins at Lir^e entred 
 within the ranks ot the enemies, who being not marfhalled and fet in order ngainlf fuch a blu- 
 Itringrtormof Horfemen, were with a fudden fear afionied. Whereupon, the troop oi Etdvitis 
 which erewiiile was in manner environed and compafledabour, and had help and rcfaie n'.molt 
 too late, now all in general breathed themfelves at eafe, and were put to nochin". For thele that 
 came frel"h and luily undertook the whole weight of the conflidl: : which was neither long nor 
 doubtful. The enemies were pur to flight, and in difaray made halt to recovertheir camp. And 
 when as the Romans advan:ed.igainrt them with banner difplayedjthey quit their place and re- 
 created , gathering themfelves round into heaps in the farthelt part of the camp: and as they 
 C would have fled out, they fiu>.k fait in che narrow gaps and paflages of the gates: agreatpart of 
 them leapt upon the banck, to climb the rampier, if haply either from the higherground they 
 might defend themfelves , or get over any where and efcape. By chance in oneplace where the 
 banck was not well rammed , therampier was furcharged with the weight of fo many flanding 
 upon it, and fo tumbled down into thecrench. Whereupon, they fet up a cry ail together, Th,it 
 the Gods had made them way to etcape , and by that means indeed they faved themfelves , but 
 moreofchem unarmed than armed, Inthis battel, were the forces of the Tufcans once again ut- 
 terly abated: info much as, alter they had capitulated and promifed a years pay, and corn for two 
 months, the Didator permitted them to fend Embafladors to Rome for a treaty of peace. Peace 
 was denied , but truce foi two years granted : and the Diitacor with triumph returned into the 
 D City. I find in feme writers ; that Hctruriaw^s by the Diititor quieted, without any notable 
 battel, only by compofingihe variance and debate ol theAretinsj and reconciling the family of 
 the Liana with the Commons. 
 
 ■M. f-^aleriHf vpon his Di>3ratorfhip became Conful. Some have believed that he was created 
 without his own fuit, yea, and while he was abfent, and that the faid Eleflion was held by the 
 Interregent. But howfoeverit was, out ofallquelHon, he bare the Confulfhip with Jp-.leim 
 Fa^Jt. Whiles M,VaUriKs and Q^ ApiiLit^ were CofT. all was well quieted abroad : for the Tuf- 
 cans of one fide, partlyupon their ill fuccefs in war and partly by reafon of their truce^were forced 
 to be fill and in repofe.The Samnits alfo on the other fide,being well tamed with the overthrows 
 fomany years together, repented not yet and werenot weary ol their new league. At RomeWkz- 
 E wife,the Commons were quiet, and found themfelves much eafed, and diu barged of a great nr.m- 
 berof bafe and poor people, which were withdrawn and fent away into Colonies. But becaufe 
 their refl fliould not be every where entire and perfe6t , there arofe a quarel between the chief 
 and principal men of the City, as well the Nobles as Commons, and chat by thefuggeftion and 
 infligation of O. and C«.Oir«/»/i, Tribuns of the Com. Who having fought occafion and matter 
 ev^ry way to accufe and blame the Nobility unco the Commons;when they faw all means allayed 
 in vain,at length entred into an action , whereby they kindled and fet on fire not only the meanell, 
 buteventhechiefheadsof theCommonsfuch as hadbeenConfulsandtriumphed: who wanted 
 nopromotions and honors,but only Sacerdotal dignities and Prelacies Avhich as yec were n t in- 
 differently common to both States. They propofed therefore a Law, That whereas at that time 
 F there were but 4. Augurs,and as many Prelats or Biniops,and for afmuch as they thought it good, 
 ihatthenumber of Prielfsfhould be in:reafed, there might be chofenco chc rel!-, 4. Biiliops, and 
 5.Augurs,alloutof the body of the Commons. But how this Colledge or Fellow Ihip of Augurs, 
 was reduced to the number of four, but by the death of two, Icannocfind:hnce this is certain, 
 that among the Augurs the number miilt be odd : namely that the three ancient tiibes, Rhamyic::- 
 fi;s,Titie>fr,znd Luceres, (hQu\d have each one their Augur : or if they needed more they fliould 
 with equal number Increafe thofe Priells: like as they were augmented and multiplied, when as 
 fivebeingputto four,madeupthe numberofnine; that is to fiy,forevery tribe three. Howbeir, 
 becanfethey were chofen out of the Commons who fhou!dfupp!y,ard make up the number; the 
 Nobles took ic as grievouOy to the heart , as when theyfaw the ConTulfhip parted equally in 
 G common: but they made fernblance. is though this indignity perteined to theGods more than to 
 them : who woiild themfelves fee, that their holy fervice and facrcd myll cries fliou'dnot be pol- 
 luted. And as for them, this only they could do, namely, pray and wini,thac nocal-mity thereby 
 fhould light upon the common-weal. But lefsearnell were they in oppohn;.^ themfekes and ma- 
 king refinance, for that they were ufed already in all fuch broils and contention^ to have the 
 worfe:and they law befides, that their ad verfaries fliot not at that (which in time pall they could 
 fcarcc hope for) namelv, the greatelf honours and dignities: but that they had already obteined 
 all> for which they had Ihivedfo long in fo doubtful terms of hope, to wit, manifold Confulats, 
 
 C c Cen.
 
 zlqo 
 
 The tenth BooJ\ofT. LiviuS. 
 
 Cenforfhips, and Triumphs. Hovvbeic, the contention and dil'pute in debating and arguing to H 
 andfrothelavv propoied, was mainteined (as men lay) between^;;. C/^wtiw^erpecially, andP. 
 DcciusMus: and alter they had centered and difcourfed in their Orations pro & comra^ the 
 fame rcalcns in manrer , touching the rights and liberties pretended by the Nobles and Com- 
 mons, which fcmetimes had been alleaged, both for, and againrt the law Licmu, at what time as 
 p.Drriti^Mus as it vTas kt onfooL for the Commons to be Confuls ; Pf««/ (as it is faid) reprefented in open . 
 sRiinft ^p. ai^cjicnce the very- xclemblance and fliew of his father , in I'uch manner , as many of them who 
 chudius. ^Y^j,^ j]^(,j, prcicnt at the aflcmbly , had feen him : to wit, girded and apparelled in Gabine robe, 
 {landing over his jivelin, in which gellure, habit, and tailiion, he offered himfelfto voluntary 
 death, for to favethe people and legions of theRomans J '-Seemed (quoth he) P. Deems-, that I 
 " then iTWs Cof. as pure ..rd religious in the fight of the immortal Gods, as if TiM^mlins his col- 
 '^ league had been likewiie deiovvcd and offered ? and might not the lame P. Decius have rightly 
 *' been chofcn, to execute the publick divine ferv ice and I'acrifices of the people oiRome ? or is this 
 *' all the fear and doubt., ihp.t the Gods would give lefsear to his prayers, than to ^p. Claudius? or 
 " doth J p. Clat'Jtus with more devotion ferve God privately , and worfhip the Gods more re- 
 ■ ''ligioufly, than himfelf r Who was there ever that repented or milliked of the vows, which lb 
 " many Confuls and Didators of the Com. either at their firft fetting forth to their armies, or in 
 " time of war and battel, pronounced for the Common-wealth? Reckon and count the chief 
 *' Captains, year by year, fmce the firRtime that theCommons began to have the leading and 
 « condu<5f of the wars : number all the triumphs ever fmce : it will appear that the Commons are K 
 "no whitabaflied, and have no caufe to complain of their own nobility. And this I know for 
 " certain, ihatifany new fudden war iliould arife, theSenat ai d people oi RomeViOvXd repofe 
 "no more hope and confidence in the ancient Pacrittt., than in the Com. for to be the Captains 
 " and Commanders. This being fo, quoth he, what God or man can think it an indignity , to 
 '' adorn thole perfon<; alfo with the titles and ornaments of Uifhops and Augurs , whom ye have 
 " honoured with chair of Ivory, with the long robe bordered with purple, with thecoatof arms 
 *' cmbroidred and branched with the palm trecwith the gown or mantle of purple,wrought with 
 •• divers colours, with the chaplets and coronets of triumph, and with thevidforious branch and 
 "garland of lawrel; whofe houles ye have beautified above the reft, with letting up the fpoils of 
 *' enemies ? Or who can thinck much, if he hi leen with a facringcupjOr holy-water pot,and with L 
 " a croiher ftaff, and his head vailed, either to kill a facrifice, or to take Augury by flight of birds 
 " from the caftle hill ; who hath been adorned and decked with theenfigns and ornaments of the 
 "great God Jupitei^znd hath ridden in a gilded chariot through the City into the Capitol ? Or in 
 *' whofe Title, infcription and flile over his image,men fhall with content5read Confuldiip-^Cen- 
 *' forfliip and Triumph; will not the fame abide to fee and read^that ye have added thereunto ei- 
 " ther Augiirfhip, or Pontifical dignity ? I verily formy part hope (without the difpleafure, and 
 "with reverence oftlieGcds be it fpoken) thatweby the beneficence of thepeople oiRome are 
 ^Tuch, as for our quality and worthinefs, may and will yeeld no lefs credit and honor to our 
 "Prieft- hoods than we fliall receive thereby : and who defire,in regard of the honor and fervice 
 *'ofGcd more than for our own fakes and proper intcreff, to have the means. That whom we M 
 " fen e and reverence in private, thofe we may alfo worfliip and honor publickly. But why have 
 ' I hitherto !o pleaded the cauie.is if the PMritH were entirely alone intituled and invefted in the 
 " prerogative of Sacerdotal Dignities; jnd as though we were not already poffsffed of one right 
 "honorable and principal Priclt-hood ? We fee that the Decemvirs for celebration of facrifices, 
 " and for interpretation of ^/A^'/Z^zherProphefies, and other the fatal dcftinies of this people, the 
 *'Prelats alfo and Minillcrs of ^p»Vt' his facrifice, and other Holy Ceremonies , areoftheCom- 
 "mon5. Neither was there any injury doneunto the P.itritiis.i that time;Vvhen for to gratify the 
 " Commons, the number of the Duumvirs was increafed ; thofe I mean, who fhould overfee (as 
 *' fuperintendenrs) the offering of facriiiccs. And now at this prefent they have no greater caufe to 
 <fcompla"m>iftheTribun,2ftout and brave man hath added five places more of Augurs, and fourN 
 "ofBifliop3,nnto which commoners may be nominated: not to difpoflefs you of j'our rooms, 
 *' ortodifplaceyoUjO y/pp/.-x, but that men ofthe commons might affiflyouin the lunflion and 
 *• miniflery of divine fen i e and Church matters;like as they do their part,and perform "oodfer- 
 "vi e inhuman and tiiil affairs. Andbenot afhamed,0 y?p;)/«i,to have him for your colleague in 
 " the Prieri-hood,vA hoiii you might beferm to have inConfulat or Cenforfhip, your companion 
 " and fellow; unto wiiom beingDidfator youmight beCoUonel of Horfe J as well as he to you in 
 «' your Didlatorlliip.Thcfe ancicntNobles in old time(our progeniiors)admitted into their num- 
 *' ber and order,a Sabine ftranger,: he very head and top of yournobility, ore Jp. C/aufns-ov yjp. 
 « Cla.iditis{(i\\o\t you whether.) You mu!^ not think much then, to accept us into the number of 
 " Priefts. Webring with us many honorable titles,even all the fame that make you foproudjand Q 
 " to bear your head aloft. L.Sexntts was the firft Commoner, created Confui; and C.LiciniHS Stolo 
 " the firft Collonel o^Uoi^e.C.RMtifius wa; the firft Didbtor and Cenfor, and Q^Publms Phtlo the 
 "firft Prxtor. WC'havche.-.rd this fong evermore founding in oure3rs,Thattoyou alone pertai- 
 <-neth the raking of AufpiLi.': that youonly are of noble defcent and gentility : that ye and none 
 " but ye, by right and duty ought to manage the affairs, and the foveraign government, both ac 
 "home and abroad:and yctalwayes hitherto thecommons in their places and cbarges,have done 
 '* and fped as well as the Patr.-tii^iad hcncefonh ever fliall (I doubt not) What ? heard ye never 
 
 "it
 
 The tenth Boo{ of f, Li vius. 29 1 
 
 j^ (.' icrpoken,thatcbe Patntii wereac firll made and created,jnd not defended (Voir: Heaven ; but 
 "iu.li as were able co name their fadier and grandf.re ; thacisiofay, e\cn free men juiJ, and 
 "no more? What? 1 my .eh can nominate already mine own father to have been a Conlul, and 
 '• fliortly (hall myfonbeable toalledgehisgrandr.re. There is nothing elfc, O Q^inta, inthe 
 *• matter whereupon vveltandj but ihac we m.iy obteinnll wiiich hath been denied us. For the 
 '•Nobie> deiire only to maintain a .ide and to contend , and care not greatly what iflne their 
 "coQtencions come unto. As tor me, Idoadvife, and this would I have. That 'jo the good pro- 
 " fit;3ndh3^)py eitaceofyou all, and the weal publi-k) this law may pafs under your affirmative 
 ^'- \ o^^Q.[Uu ro-^ajl :i .] Then piekntly the peopiecommanded theTribesto be called to a f.ruti- 
 Bny: and foon it appeared, that the law would without all doubt be accepted : but that day was 
 lolKby theoppoliiionand negative otlomeTribuns. Howbeit) the morrow at'ter> they were a- 
 Iraidioi rols :t ; and then with ex ceding conl'ent oFall hands jt palled cleer. So there were crea- 
 ted Hrelats or BiOiops ; iirlt, P. Dicms ,I//« him'.elt(that lo pleaded for the law) with P.Sem- 
 froiJtts Sophus^C .AdiirtiHs tiiitiltus,dLV)d A/.Livius De/iter. Like wife, five Angurs ot the Commons, 
 to wit, C.Gi^finiipis-, P.<L/£!^iis PatHs-, M, Alinutius Ftflus > C.ALintits, and l'.Pitb[:HS. So there 
 >vere eight Pre.ats in number, and nine Augurs. 
 
 The lame year, oW. l'\lenHsi\\cC.or:i\\i[, procured the law of appealing to the people, more 
 furely to be clKibliilied and confirmed. This was now the third time after the depohtion of the 
 Kini;s,that thij one Ad was revived, an J alwayes by the fame houfe or family of the /^.?/fr/V.The 
 C cau'e ofrenuirg the fame lb often, was no other Ifuppofe, than this ; forthat the mightinefsof 
 fcm,; few great men of the Patritii , was more powerful than ihelilxrty and freedom of the 
 Commons. Only the Law Portia^ feemeth to have been enaited for to fav e the back and hdes of 
 Citizens from whipping becaufethnt it awarded and fet a grievous punilliment upon him, thac 
 either had beaten or killed a Citizen oi Rome. The Law V,.le:-ui , which forbad , to kourge or 
 behead any man whofoever.that rnadehisappealjhad this annexed only, that if any one had tref- 
 paflcd ai.d pro- ceded farther, it fliould be decreed, Lcaudh i-.ndyiau^litily done. Such was the mo- 
 deify .md reverence cfmen in cbofcdayes, that this one addition [in my conceit verily j was fup- 
 po.ed to be a fuffident bond to (Irengthen the Law. Bucnowadayes, wouldaman fcarcely 
 threaten hii fer^ ant crflave in ihat manner. 
 D ThefameConful made war. without any worthy or memorable exploit, againft the jEquians 
 that rebelled; who (fettingafide their flout and proud llomack<;) had nothing left of their ancient 
 fortune and eflate. The other Cofl'. ylpulents , beheged the Town * Ncqui-.uim in Umbria, The » jhj f,^g 
 place was difficult and hard to get up, and on the one fide deep down right (whereas now flan- that Htm*^ 
 dc:h N,irnh-) fo that it was impregnable either by affault, or counterm.ures andfconces whatfoe- 
 ver. Whereopon,thenewConfuls, M, FuIvIhj Patu-, and T. Mut.ltiu Torcj-A.itus-) entred upon 
 this enterprife, left undone and unfinillied by the former. Now when all the Centuries nomina- 
 ted with one voyce 5. f <*'"■'« l^or the'Confulfhipcf that year, even without hisownfult and fee- 
 king ; M.icer Liciniu! and Tuhro do write, that he himfelf laboured to have that charge put off, 
 and referved unto a year of more war : alledging, that fortheprefenthe would ferve the Com- 
 E mon-vveal in better (lead, by bearing fome Livil office in the City : andlb neuherdiffembling 
 what he rather dehred, nor yet feeking for it- he was made j£dile of the Chair, with L. P.,piriHs 
 C.:Y[or, But to let this down for a certain truth I dare not ; becauft that Pifo-, a more ancient 
 Writer of Chronicles, laith , that the ;£diles Cnrule of that year, were C'Domnias, C». F. Cahi- 
 v.is^ Sp. C':rvilins^ and Q^ Fa'- tax M.iximas, That furname, I fuppolc verily, gave occahon of the 
 error in the .£diles. Whereupon cnined a tale (forting to that error) mixed and compounded of 
 theEleftion^ of jEdile^andConfuls together. The lame ye.ir was held a folemnfurvey and purg- 
 ing of the City by facrifice, called Luftrum^ by P. Sempronius Sophus., and P. Salpitiiis Avemo^itsd 
 two Tiibes more were added co the relf, /t/^iVw/;, zndTurentiiU!^ And thus much concerning the 
 affairs at Rome. 
 p But now to return to iVf^«;/;«»j ; after much time fpent in long and lingringfiege before the 
 Town two of the inhabitants. whofehoufes joyned clofe to the wallundermined the ground, and 
 by afecrct way came as fir as the coyps d: i:!^::drdo\x.htKomin>. From whence they were brought 
 before the Conful, and pcomifed him to let in and receive what garrifon and troop of armed men 
 he would. within theCity. This otfervvas thought neither tobe negletSfed and refilled, nor yet 
 ralldy to be credited. So with the one of thefe twain(for the other was kept behind as an hol^age) 
 two rither fpies werefcnt by the famemine todifcoverthe train. By whofe fcla-tion,wbcn it ap- 
 peared fuffi. ienrly,that all wasfafe and withcur danger:by the leadingand guiding ofthctraitor 
 aforcfaid,:?oo armed men.by night entred thcCitv,?i feized that gate which was next u:,to them: 
 at \vhi.h,beingbrokcnopen,theConful and the Roman army without refit!an:e,made entry -.and 
 G frrprtfed the City. In this fort Nrqwrnm was reduced to the obedience of the people of Rowe. 
 
 A Colony was thither fen: co Frontier againO the Umbriars, called of the* Rivers name [which *■ N a;;nav lie^ 
 runneth under it ' * Namui. And the army with a rii h prize was brought again to Rnmc. ^'"{ioni 
 
 T^ie fime year the Tufcan; , contrary to the tenure of the truce , made preparation for war. 
 B't wlii'e- they vvere btifilv occupied otherwife. it fortuned, that a puifl,int army of Gauls in- 
 v..d,d tb;.ir;mr bes. and tor a wliile altered their di'lignments. Afterwards, bythe means of 
 mory whereofthey werefuU andbarc themfebes mighty , they Ibnght to make the Cauls , of 
 enemies to bei.ome their friends, and foliic»red them to band together , and fo jointly to main- 
 
 Cc 2 uin
 
 2^2 ^be tenth Bool\ofT, Livius. 
 
 cona. 
 
 tainwarwith theRomars. Tbeirlocietyandfriendfliip the barbarous people refufed roc; only, ^ 
 ibey Rood upon the ll'm what they llioiild have for their hire. Which being agreed upon and re- 
 ceived, and all things elfe in a re.'dinefs for to go into the field ; when iheliilcans willed them to 
 follow after, rhey Hatly denied, th2tthL:y had received any conf.deration for tomake war upon the 
 Romans: but whatioeverthey had taken^ it was becaulc they fliouldnct wad the Tufcan Land, 
 and by way of hoHil'ty and force of arms, do any violence upon the inhabitants : hcwbeic, if the 
 Tufwins were fominded loemploy them , they would be wiliing to ier\e ; bnt for no other re- 
 ward and rccompcn.e, than to be admi(tedintop.irtoFiheir territory ; that at the length ihey 
 might have i'ome certain place of abode, to fettle themfelves in. Many Diets and confultations 
 hereabovit were held by the States of Tufcan, but nothing refolved and concluded : not fo much, I 
 for that they feared to part witn fome of their Lands, as becaufethey were in great dread every 
 one and abhorred, to haved welling by them inch neighbours. delcended from fo favagea race and 
 cruel Nation. Thus were the Gauls let goanddiimified, having away with them a huge mafs of 
 mony, which they got v\'ithout any travel orperii of theirs. 
 
 The bruit of the Gauls tutinrt and inforre6lion , together with the Tufcans war, caufedno 
 *Ma-ciAn' little fear at /Jswf. Whereupon, more had was made to concludea league with the * T'.rir;?? peo- 
 ple. 7'. /l/-^;?//w the Conful had the charge ofthe Tufcan war allotted unto him. Who fc3ri.ely 
 was entred into the confines of the enemies , but ss he was irainicg and exercif ng amongll the 
 Her cmen.heranhisHorfe with !ullcarier,and fuddenly as he turned abort, was call off.and pre- 
 fently lay for dead : and fo the Confulj three dayes after his fall, ended his life. Whii-htheTulcansK 
 takingholdof, asagood ominous token and preface, got heart and were very jolly ; laying, that: 
 the Gods had in favour of them, begun this war. TThis was heavy news at Rome^ both lor the lofs 
 offobravea personage, and for the time, wherein fo unhappily it fell out: fo as, theaflembly held 
 (by the advice ofthe chief Peers) fortofubditnte aConfulinhisplace that was deceai'cd, fright- 
 ed theScnatorsfromchuhnga Dii^ator. All theirientences and all the certuriesgave with Af, 
 Valerius to be Conful: who was the man , whom the Senat was about to have pricked for Di- 
 6>ator, Then forthwith, they ordaired him togointoTufcany to thearmy.Whofecomingfup- 
 prefled and kept under the Tufcans 5 lo as not a man durfl once go out of their trenches and hold. ' 
 Even their very fear was as good as a fiege unco them: for that the new Conful neither by vvafling 
 the fields, nor firing their houfes in fuchlott, as every where, not only the fmall villages, but alb L 
 thegood and wel-peopled Towns were feen to fmoke and burn again, could draw them forth to 
 fight. 
 
 This war continued longer than men thought : but behold, there arofe a bruit of another ; 
 (v\hich,confiderinc^ themutuil lofles of both lides, wasforgood caufes greatly to be feared) up- ^ 
 on intelligence given from the Picenes their new allies, namely , that the Samnits were about to * 
 take arms and rebel, and bad loUicited them a!fo to do the fa.me.The Picences were highly thank- 
 ed for this, and a great parrot the Senators care was diverted now from Tufcany to the Samnits. 
 The dearth bei'.des of corn and victuals troubled the City : and driven they had been to extrcatn 
 famine , litabitti Maximm (as they have written, who areofopinionthat he was ^dilethac 
 year^ by provident purveighing and diligent conveighing of corn , had not been as careful and IvI 
 indullrious, in thecifrenr.ngol vidlualnow at home, as many times before in war affairs. The 
 fame year tbere wife an Interreign, but upon whatoccahon, ic is not knovvn. The Interreoents 
 were J^^, (Ludlus and after him P^Sulpnim, who held an EleClion of Confuls, and created L. 
 Corn'AiHs Sapio and C'\ Ftdvms. 
 
 In the beginning of this year, there came Orators from the Lucansto thefenevvConfuls, for 
 to make comprint, That the Samnits » who by ro conditions and means could induce them 
 for to band and take arms with them , were entrtd into their confines , and made wad of the 
 "country, and by very torcc provoked them to war^Liying, That the Lucans had long ago over- 
 ^' fliot and paffed ihemfeUes that way : bur now they vvere fo fully rcfolute , that they could 
 "find in their hearts fooner to abide and endure all kind ofcalamiry whatfoever, than ever after M 
 " to offend and difpleafethe lloi-n n name. They bclought the Senat therefore, to receive the 
 '-Lucans into their pi"oted'aon,:.nd al o to keep and di.feid them from the violcn.e and Injury of •' 
 ''the Samnits. And fcr tlicmfelves , albeit eiv.ering into war already with the Samnits , they , 
 wete of neceflity • bl'ged to be iii\ and true unto the Romans : yet for better fecurity they were 
 ready to put in lutfi ient holiagcs. The Senat was not loogconfulting hereabour:but all with one 
 con ent were of opinion, to n:i3ke league with the Lucans, andto lummon the Samnits tomake 
 amends and rediiution. The Lucans. befides a courteous and gracious anfwer, vvere accepted 
 into the league. Then were there Fecial Heralds difpatched to the Samnits, to give them warn- 
 ingfor to depart the ttr.itory of the Reman allies and to withdraw their forces out of thecon- 
 fines of the Lucans. Bye the Samnits fert o\it ( crtain meffengcrs to meet them upon the way, and q 
 to denounce unfothcm that if they prefentrd themfehes inanyCouncel within Sa'r.niMrn^&if^ 
 fhould not dep:.n- ag.-'in with fafegnard of their perfons When thefe news were heard at Rome, 
 bnih'he Sennadiiied , and the people -illoweJ, to make war upon the Samir.t.s. TheConfuls 
 p'?rttdthei; Provinces nr^ iharges bet ween themfelves. To Sapw{t\ Hetn'ri.i , and theSam- 
 . rtn^tot'uhtHs: and lo they take their journey diicrswayes , eachone to the waral'otred unto 
 him, ^f/p/o.jooked for no other, but a Hngering war at the enemies hands, andliketothe 
 defeDfuc fcrkice of the former year: but behold , they with an army well appointed and 
 
 arranged, 
 
 1
 
 The tenth Boo{ ofT, Livius. 292 
 
 lecra. 
 
 ^ arranged, encountred him and gave him battel neer to *AV^^£'n:^ ; where they fought the better ♦Vol 
 partottheday with much bloodflied on both fides: and whiles they were doubttuhvhich wjy 
 the V idtory w'enc , the night came between. But the morning JKcr bewrayed both who were 
 winners, snd who were lol'ers. For theTufcans inthe (till and dead time of the night dillodced. 
 The Roman Conliil coming forth into the field, aiid leeing hy the enemies departure, the victory 
 confefied rwcnt forward to thecamp: which he found empty of men but full ofricti pillaae, cfor 
 they had fearfully and ingreat halt abandoned their tents) and was mailer thereof. From thence 
 he retired his forces into the territory of the Fali'cans : and.^fter hehad left at FaLrni, all his ba^ 
 and bjggage with a meetly garrifon there ; lightly appointed, he marched forwa;d , and with 1 
 
 B running camp walled the marches and tevritpries of his enemies. Heputallcofireand Iword : 
 drave away booties from all parts : and left not the ground only, wall and delart, but fct fire alfo 
 upon CaHles and borrough Towns. Only he forbare to aflault the great and llroi i' Cities, into 
 which fear had driven the Tufcans for refuge. C^i. Ftthnn the Conlul on the other part iou^'ht a 
 noble battel in Sa^nniuni; neer ' Bov-'a^^^tm, and thevi^^ory was no whit doubtful. After vvhich « Roiano* 
 he afTiilcd 5oz;/.:w<>w, and not long after ^/^^jf«a : and both Cities he wan by force. The fame 
 year was there a Colony bronght to ' Carjdot within the territory of the t/£qmcnli. And Fnlvi- * Arceolo, 
 «/ the Conlul triumphed over the Samnits. , " ' 
 
 Whenasnowthe timeofrheConfuls Eleitiondrewrieer; there was a rumour raifed, that the 
 Tufcjns and Samnits were levying and enrolling of great .ind mighty for.es : that openly in all their 
 
 C Aflemblies and Dicts,the Princes of the Tufcans were checked and reproved, for that they had not 
 
 ^' waged the G'auls to war."vvhatfoever ithadcoft them: that the Magilf rates of the Samnits were 
 blamed, tor expofing that army as it were a prey unto the Romans, which hadbecnpto^ided a- 
 gainlt their enemies the Lucans. For now feeing that the enemies both with their own power, 
 and alfo with the help of their allies, werecome to war ; they (hould not be able to match them, 
 having their forces thus redoubled. Now albeit there wete other famous and renowned perfons 
 ftood tobeConfuls, yet this new fear and affright turned allmen tobecome favourits oiQ.Fahi- 
 us Aiaximus : who at the firii madenoiult, and afterwards, feeing thein.lination of their affe- 
 ctions, refufed alfotobe Conful, '•■Demanding whatthey meant to trouble and moleli him, fo 
 " aged a man as he was . and one , who as as he had gore through all labours and travels of this 
 
 D" world; fo he had paffsd alfo the rewards, and recompences of his travels: alledoin", thatnei- 
 ^' ther flrength ot'body, nor vigor of fpirit could alwayescontinue the fame and lalt^for ever : and 
 "befides- he feared fortune herfelf, leH haply fhe might bethought of any of the Gods too pro- 
 " pitious and favourable unto him, and more permanent than the ordinary train andcourfe of 
 ' thfis world would permit. Therefore, like as himfelfhad grown up after the glory of his elders,. 
 " arid fucceeded them; fohe fawand beheld with joy ofheart.others alfo rifm"^ up after him,and 
 " to fucceed him in the like glory: and as there wanted not at Rome high prom.otions and advance- 
 " ments for hardy and valiant men, fo there failed not brave men of worth for to receive thole 
 
 * honors and dignities. But by this refufa! of his fo modelffojull and reafonable he whetted and 
 kindled more and more their earnefi: affeftions and favours towards him, which he thinking to 
 
 E dull and quench, with the reverent regard and awe of the laws, commmJed aftatuteto be read, 
 wherein it was not lawful for one and the fame man within ten years to be created Conful twice. 
 Butf.arcely for the noife that the people made,cou'd this law be heard read: and the Tribun; of 
 the Com. laid, that this fhould benolet: forthey would prefer a bill unto the people, that he 
 fniohtbedifchargcd and difpenfed withal from the Statutes in that behalf. Hovvbeit he Hood Hilly 
 ftilin his rehifal: demanding of them to what purpofe and end werethelaws made^ifby the very 
 iti.iker.s thereof, they might be thus deluded and made of no force ? For fo fqd. he) laws ruled 
 f)ot,but were over-ruled. Butneverthe!efs,thepeopk went to a Urutiny andbe^anto oivetheic 
 voyces : and as every Century was called into the rails, they named and chofe FM-ihs Confuljwith- 
 out Ricking at the muter. Then at Lilt, overcome with this general accord and confent of the 
 j' whole City: God fay Amen (quoth he) O Q//;r,f«, to that you do and are about. But for af- 
 '' miuch as you wil have your wil and difpofe of me at your pleafure, do me this favour yet, that I 
 
 * may have the chufmg of my Colleague. Tbefeech you make Con' ul with me /'.D^.'.;.',f,a m.inap- 
 <" proved unto me already, with whom, I have forted well in tliefellowfliip ofanotheroffi.e: a' 
 « m.in Ifay^ anlwcrablc othcrwifeto thegreatnefsof hisname, and worthy of his fathers vertue, 
 ''.from whom he is defcended. This favour which he requelled,reemed unto thern jull and reafon- 
 able. So all the Centuries behind, created Q^Fahius and P.Dlchis for Confuls. 
 
 The fame year the jEdile.s ferved procefs upon very many Citizens; for holding and pof- 
 fefllng of more Lands, than by Law was limited: andnoneina manner was able 'to acauit him- 
 felf hereof. Which was a great bridle and rcllrainc to their unmeafurable avarice. ' As the 
 G new Con i;k ■ O^ Fabitu Afaximns the tourth time , and P. Dccins Mus the third time , con- 
 ferred ,-'.nd laid their heads together about their charges , that the one fliould take in hand the 
 Samnits, and the other the Tufcans; and confulted what forces might fcrve and be futfl.ienc 
 for this or tti.it Province and exploit; and to whether war either of them were the more 
 meer nod '.uPncicp'- Leader; certain Emb,iffndors from 5vrr.j/w, Nepdy tindFalerii-. advcrtifed 
 ihem, 1 hat the States of Tnfcanie, were now confulting in their Diets, about a Treaty ol peace: 
 which vvs anor-f.-rfion , that they turned a'.l their preparations and forces into S imninm. The 
 Confuls being gone forth , to the end they might have the readier provinon of grain and 
 
 Cc 3 viitualsv
 
 294 "^he tenth Boo}\ofT. Livius. 
 
 Victuals, and the enemy be more to feek, which way they would affail them, led their Legions h 
 into Samuium i F<i^/«j,ihrough theterritory oiSorajSnd Decinsby the way ot the Sidicins.VVhen 
 they were come into the conhnes of their enemies, both of themfpred ihemfeivesah abroad^and 
 fell to forrage and ipoil che country : yet fo , as they feat out their elpiais farther than they walled. 
 Whereupon, they were well a ware of their enemies, as they l.iy in ambufK well appointed, with- 
 in a dofe and leaet valley neer T;/ifr«««« 5 what way as they thought to take the vantage of the 
 higherground , and tofetupon the Romans fo foon as they were on eentredin. Frf^;7^^ha\irg 
 removed his carriages into a fureplace, and ftt there a competent guard tor defence, fore- told his 
 fouldiers that there was a battel towards : and in a four-fquare battaillon marched directly to the 
 forfaid Embafcado, where the enemies lurked and lay in wait. The Samnits then, defpairing and I 
 out of all hope to do any great exploit, by fudden tumult, confidering their tr. ins weredifcover- 
 cd; andfeeingtheymuftonceatthelengthcome tothe tryal in open field, were themfehesalfo 
 more willing to put all upon a fet battel. Thereupon they defcended into the plain and even 
 ground, and t ommitted themfelveF to the fortune of fight, with more courage of heart than hope 
 of viftory. But were it, that they had aflembled together the whole flour and manhood out of 
 all the Nations of the Samnits, or that the hazard ot the main chance made them more hardy and 
 take the better heart : furely even in plain field, they held the Romans play and put them to great 
 fear. Fabius feeing the enemies no way to retreat and give ground, commanded M. Flaviuj and 
 M'J^alerms, two Colonels, with whom he had fet forward and advanced into the forefront, to » 
 gotothe Horfemen, and to exhort them, Ifevertheyremembred and called to mind, that che K 
 Common-wealth had been helped by the valour of theGentlemen on horfeback they fhould that 
 day endeavour to make invincible and eternaUhe glory of that degree and order of Cavalry. For 
 feeing that the enemies flood unmoveable againfl the Infantry , there was no other hope but in 
 the force of Horfemen : and here withal he called npon thole two young Gentlemen , and plyed 
 both the ot;e and the other with like courtefy , one while praifing them , another while loding 
 them with fair and large promifes. But when as the affay of that force likewife, prevailednot, 
 thinking where flrength would take no place, there craft was to be tryed and prailifed, hecaufed 
 iScz/^/o his Lieutenant, to withdraw out of the confliiV, the javeliniets of the firft legion, andas 
 clofely as he could to fetch about with them, toward the next hills : and then, to march up the 
 hill fome way from the fight of the enemies ; and after he had gained the top, all of a fudden to L 
 {hew himfelf behind, and charge upon the enemies backs, whiles their faces were turned ano- 
 ther way. Now the Horfemen, by the direftion of thofe two Colonels, being ridden of a ludden 
 before the ftandards,troubled their own fellows almoft afmuch as the enemies. For againft thefe 
 troops and cornets of Horfe that thus violently put forward, the Samnits battel ftood unmovea- 
 ble, and on no part could either be forced to retreat,or to break their array. The Horfemen whea 
 they faw this attempt to take no effeft , retired themfelves behind the enfigns, and departed out 
 of the battel. Hereupon took the enemies more heart unto them ; neither had the vanguard ot 
 the Romans been able to abidefo long a conflifl, and the violence of the enemies flill encrealing, 
 upon their own confidence,but that the fecond ranges in the middle ward,by the Conful his com- 
 mandment, came forward into the front of the vanguard. Where they with their Irelh flrength, M 
 flayed the Samnits, being now ready to enter forceably upon them, and to gain the ground: and 
 withal, at the time appointed,the enfigns fliewedthemfelves from the hills, and came down un- 
 awares to the enemies ; and letting up a fhout^not only daunted the hearts ot the Samnlcs[but al- 
 fo en.ouraged the Romans.] For both Fabius cryed aloud,that his Colleague Vectas approached, 
 and every fouldier for his part, what he might, with joyful and cheerful hearts-, iterated, that the 
 other Conful was come, and the legions were at hand. Which error andmiflaking,as it turned to 
 thegood ofthe Romans, fo itcauledthe Samnits toflie-^and tobeliirprized with a fright, fear- 
 ing and doubt'ng nothing to much, as chat being now overtoiled and wearied , theyflhouidbe 
 overcharged alfo with frefli and lufty forces, And for that in their running e\ ery way, they were 
 fcattered afunder there was lefsflaughter thanforthe preparation of fo great a vidtory.For ^1400 N 
 only were flain , and of prifoners were taken , welneer three hundred and thirty : and three and 
 twenty borners and enfigns won and carried away. The Apulians had joyned with the Samnits 
 before the bsttel but that P. Deems the Conful encamped jgainfl them at MaUvcntum-, and ha- 
 ving drawn them forth to fight, dilcomfited them. Where alio there were more that fled, than 
 died upon thefwoid : for not above 2000 Apulians were flain, AndI)<T;Wm.ikingno reckon- 
 ing ofthat enemy, condudled his legions into 5,rww«w. Where, twoConfulnrhofls, having 
 over-run the country in divers parts, within five months fpace laid all waft and defolatc. Five and 
 forty places there were in Samnmm-. where Decim had encamped : and eighty (ix wherein the o- 
 thcrConfui had pitched. In which, they left behind them not only them3rk3offlakes,rampires, 
 and ditches, but alfo many other more notable figns and tokens ofthe country wafled all about, q 
 and utterly fpoiled by them. Fabim befides, won the CM^Cimctra. Where there were taken 
 prifoners two thoufand aud four hundred armed fouldiers, and flain there were in fight upon 
 4?o. 
 
 From thenre he went to Rome againflthe Elcftionof new Confuls, and made ail the haft he 
 could to difparcb that hufinefs. And when as all the Centuries firft railed forth to give their fuf- 
 frages mmed ^.F.-/^.'«; for the Conful ; then ^p/>/arC/.j»(^/w aConl'ular man, and one of the 
 Competitors, a grim lir, and ambitious by naturCjlaboured no more for his own honour and ad- 
 vancement, 
 
 I
 
 The tenth Boo{ ofT, Livius. 295 
 
 A.vaDCcmeDt, than to recoveragain unto the /'^fwrV, both the rooms of the Conliilfliip, andem- 
 ployeda s well his own devoir , as alio ail the means and aifuiante of the Patritii and Nubility, to 
 have hmifelf chofen Conful with Q. Ettbim. As for Fabms-, at the firlt, fp.ike and ailedged in his 
 own be half, the fame reafons in manner which he had ul'ed the former year , and retufed to be 
 Conful. The whole body of the Nobuity Hood about his feat, praying inliantly, and cntreaiin<^ 
 him to pluck the Confullliip out of the mire and bale degree of thele Commons , and to relJore 
 the ancient Majelly both to theMagi(lrai.y itfclf and alio to the Pari' ti znd their houfes and fa- 
 milies. f<(*z«^ alter filence made, framed a middle and moderate kind ofl'pcech, whereby beap- 
 peafed and allayed their hot affed^ion, promiimgand alluring them, thaihe would wilhnciyac- 
 B cept the names oftwo of iheNobility, if he might lee-, thatthey would create any other Conful 
 buthimleif: for at thisprefinc Election, he would in no wife admit himfeif, to be eligible and 
 nominated Conful , and give fo bad a precedent to prejudice all cou:fe of law , for the time to 
 come. So L. f'o/«w«/«f, outof the body of the Commons, was created Conful with Atp. Clau- 
 diH4^ who likewife in the former Conlulfhip had been matched Colleagues together. The Nobili- 
 ty ufed to objeift unto f.j^/»j, and reproached him, that he avoided vJ/p.C/w«£^/«/ to be his com- 
 panion in government, who for eloquence and other civil parts was no doubt a fin^ular and ex- 
 cellent man. When theEleitionwas ended, the old Confuls were commanded to warin S^w- 
 »/««?, having their Government continued, and their commiffionrcnued forfix months. Andfo 
 in the year following likewife, when L. Volnmnius and Afpius CLt/id'us were Confuls, P. Dedw, 
 C who being Conful, had been left behii d his Collegue in 5<z«<Kw»;,ceafed not now in quality and 
 name of Proconful, to wait the country ; until at length , when the Samnits would in no place 
 abide battel, they were by him chafed out of their own borders and limits. And thus driven out 
 of the field, and excluded out of their own country, they went into Hetrun.i. Where, fuppofin'^ 
 that with fohuge a multitude of armed men, they fliou;d do that more effeiiually with intreaty 
 and prayers, mingled with threats among, which by fo many Embaffages they had fo oft attemp- 
 ted in vain; they called for a Diet and general Councel of the States and Princes of H.'fr«ri^. 
 "Which being alVembled > they declared and fhewed , for how many years fpace they had main- 
 *' tained war with the Romans in the right of their freedom ; that they h ad aflayed all means, if 
 " haply they might have been able by their own puifiance alone,to fuftain and fupport the weiohc 
 D " of fo huge and important a war : that they had befides made proot ol the aids of other nei^'h- 
 "bournations, but to little effcdt ; thatthey had foughtfor peaceofchepeople of ^ozw^, wheo 
 *' they were not able to wage war any longer : and becaufe peace was more grievous unto thecn 
 *' with that fubjeiftion, than war with their liberty, they had rebelled and made war aoain: and 
 *'now their only hope they had, remained in the Tufcans: knowing well enough, that for men, 
 *' munition, and mony, they were the mightielt nation of all /.<?';; as having to their neighbours 
 *' the Gauls, a people born and bred up in armor and war: by natural difpofition fierce and ctuel 
 " but efpecially in any qviarrelagainrt the people of ^owf .• of whom they demand not uutrulv re- 
 ''port) that they were b/ them vanquiflied and conllrained toranlcmethemfelves for^old. 
 *' Now, if the Tufcans were of that heart and courage, as Porjcm fometime^;, and other their no- 
 E " ble progenitors were : there were no doubt but that they might difTelze the Romans, and dif- 
 "poflefs them ofali the ground on this lide rrArw.and make them fight for the defence and pre- 
 ''fervation of their lives, and not for theintoUerablefeignory and dominion of /r/?//. They f^id 
 "moreover, thatthere was now come unto rhem an army of Samnits, well appointed nnd fur- 
 *'nifhed with armour, and Horedwith payandmony, who would fellow them forthwith, even 
 " to the aflault of the City of Rome-, if they would lead them. 
 
 Whiles they were thus braving, andgloriouflyboalling ihemfelves , and preparing of war in 
 Tufcanie.the Romans war at their own dores, lay fore upon them, and flung them at the heart. 
 For P. Dfdw having learned by the efpials, that the Samnits army was gone forth, and had taken 
 their voyage, aflembied a Councel and faid , What mean we thus to range over the fields, war- 
 F ring from village to village? And not rather affail the wailed Towns and (Irong Cities ? There is 
 no army now, that defendeth5.tWKz«w .• gone they are out of their confines, and wrouoht their 
 own exile andbaniflament. When they all had allowed of this motion, he led forth his pow- 
 er to artault the (kongCity Mnr^Mtia. And fo hotly were the fouldiers fet, both for the love 
 they bare to their Ciptain, andalfo for hope of winning a richcrpillage thereby , than by dri- 
 ving booties out of the country , that in one day by mere forv;c of arms they won the Town, 
 Where two thoufand and one hundred Samnits, fighting men, either fell upon theedge of the 
 fword, or were taken prifoners, with a great and rich booty befd"=:. But for fear that it fhouid 
 furchage and encumber the army with heavy carriages,I)caw caufed his I'ouldiers to be called to- 
 gether unto an audience, and thus tothem he faid. " And wiilyeftand contented indeed with 
 G *' this viftory only, and this prey? Orwillye build your hopenill, anfwcrablctoyourproweis 
 '^and valour? All the Cities oftheSamnits. all the fubflance and riches thuiieth and remaineth 
 *' in theirCities are yours f jrafmuch as ye have info many battels vanquifhed their legions and 
 " at lad driven them out of their own country. Sell thefe prizes, and with hope of^'aindraw 
 " after you chapmen and merchants to follow the army, I will from time to time Hill help you to 
 " wares andcommodities for to fell. Let us go from hence fireight to the Q'n^ Romule.i^ where 
 *' your toil fliall not be fo great, but the fpoil far greater. So when they had made iaie of their 
 pillage, and willingly of themfelves called upon and exhorted their Captain to that expedition, 
 
 to
 
 2^5 l^he tenth Booi\ofT.hiv\\is. 
 
 to Romnha they go. Where likevvife, without mure and platform, without war'.ixe engines of j-j 
 battery- fo foon as they advanced iheireniigns, and approached the walls, they could by no vio- 
 lence be driven from thence, but fet up ladders in nil haii, at the next place that every man could 
 f'.nd-.andlofcaled up the walls. Thus the Town was won and ranfatkcd. To the number of 2 500 
 werefiain, and 6000 taken prifoners. The foulciershavinggotanexceeding booty, wf.reforced 
 to fellit. and mikeallaway, as before : and from thence without any rcit at all given unco them 
 were they led to ffj-f«f;»«w, yet they marched thither with exceeding courage and checriuines. , 
 Hovvbeic there they found more difficult and perilous fervice : forthe walls were with ail forcible .i| 
 means defended, and the place iti'elf was both by mans hand, and natural f,tiiation,fi-.rely fenced : 
 but yet the louldiers now being fiedied , and enured to fpoil, overcame all diffi.ultie'--. Three I 
 thoufand men about the walls were flain: and the faccage fell to thefouldiers fliare. Thegreatell 
 part of the honor in affaultingand winning of thefe Cities, isatlribed in fome Chronicles loFabi- 
 m MaxiKw. For they write, that MHr^amiA\^^.% by D^c-,../j-won,but Vere.trnnm and Rimuha^ 
 bythecondu6lof f<«^w. But lome attribute the glory hereof unto the new Confuls. r\nd there 
 are,thatgive the glory not to both, but to the one of them, to wit, P. Kt7ww;,i«; unto w hom be- 
 fell the Province of 5.z»;»i«w. 
 
 Whiles thefe affairs thus went in Sammnm (by whofe leading and managing it skils not) in 
 the mean time a mighty war was a preparing in Hetriinn '> and that, ot many nations banded to- 
 gether: the principal author whereof was GiUitis Egmttiia^Simmi. The Tukans, in manner all, 
 had taken arms and levied their forces, andtheneerfociety, caufedalfo the people of //^i/'j-M ad- K 
 joyning to take their part : befides, Gauls alfo were waged for mony to aid : all whic h multitude 
 affembled together, and met in the Samnits camp. The news of which fudden and ilnexped^ed 
 tumult, being brought to R^me ; for fomuch as f.VolMmmm the Cof. with the fecond and third 
 Iegions,and with i 5000 confederats was gone already \dio S,i»;;iu:m ; it was thought good and 
 determined, that ^^Jpp.C^^'fd.'usmih allfpeed poflible, fliould go into Httruria: and alter him, 
 two Roman legions followed, towit, thefirft and fourth, with twelve ihoufand allies; who en- 
 camped not far from the enemy. But more good was done there, in relpef\ that they came thi- I 
 ther betimes , (to the end that the fear of the Roman name might keep in a we certain rations in 
 JJetmria, which already intended war) than for any exploit performed either skilfully or luckily, 
 under the condu£t of the Conful. Many skirmifhes there paifed in places of dilad vantage, and at L 
 times unconvenient ; in fo much , as the enemy took more heart , and conceived greater hope 
 everyday more than other: and now it grew welneer to this point, that neither fouldier could 
 well reckon of the fufficiency of Captain, nor Captain trulf upon the loyalty of the fouldier. In 
 three feveral Annals I find , that Jppius difpatched his letters to hi.^ fellow Conful , and i'ent for 
 him out of i'.Jw;»/«/K : howbeit, lamloth to fet this down being fo uncertain as it is ; feeing that 
 the very Confuls themfelves oiRome, who now the fecond time were coupled together in one go- 
 vernment, contelied, and openly jarred about this point: whiles ylppim denied fladythat befenc 
 any kript at a'.l, and /'-^o/aww.'/i again avouched, that he wasfent tor by v^';:? '-' ^'^ his letters. 
 )^(?/;.-ww,'«,fbythis time had won three CaHles in 5ir»j.««»*, wherein were flain three choufandene- 
 m'es, and aJmoH halt fo many taken prilbners : and coaipolcd belides the feditions and quarrels ^i 
 of the Lucans. which aroie from the Commons and needy perfons ; and thatjwith the exceeding 
 good'contentmcnt of the chief and principa! perlbnages ofthecountry, by themeansand medi- 
 ation of S^.f^w.'f the Proconful, who was thither fent with the old army. 1 his done, helefc 
 Decinsto waft and pill the country ofthe enemies, and him!elf with his forces mjrched toward 
 his Colleague into Hetrnrut. Who atliis firft coming, was received generally with all the joy 
 that might be. For mire own part-, Ifuppofe verily, that as v'/ppi-.-.f hadgoodcauleto cary an an- 
 gry rtomack with him,incaehisconf:ieniebare him witnefs. that he wrote not untoliim: Iba-, 4 
 gain, ifhehad need of his Colleagues aid he fhewedanilliberal, unkind, and unthankful nature " 
 of his own, inth;,the would lb diflemble, and not be known thereof. For being i ome forth to 
 meet him, before they had well greeted and faluted one another, How noW: quoth h.-, O L. Vo- N 
 I'.iwniui^ is all well 'i How goes the World in Si^-nmum ? What hath moved you to abandon and 
 leave your owncharge and provin:e, andtodepart? A^o/«w«/«r made anfwer, that \n Sarmihtm 
 all things went well and chieved profperoufly-, and that himfelt'vva? now come, as fent for by his 
 letters : which if ihcy were c ounterfeit , and that there were no need of him in Hetmrla , he 
 would prefently turn bisenligns, and begone. Mary, quoih he, and good leave have you : you 
 may be gone when you will .-.nd no man holder h you : and ihbeleemingic is, that you whopcr- 
 advcnturcarenot able to wield and manage your own affairs of war,fhonld glory thus. and make 
 your bo.Tll that vou are come hither to help others. Hereat.rV;.'?«/.'/w lltould reply ag.iin and fay> 
 It is well, and CioJ fend us good kuk: I had rather lofe my labour, than ought fhoiild h.nehap- 
 ned , whereby one Confuls army were not fntbcient todeal with Hetruria. Now as the Confuls q 
 were parting afur-drr rnefrom the other, the Lienten.mtsand Colonels ot App-ns his army came 
 and flood round abou: them both : '■' fome rcqueRed their own General, that the aid of his Col- 
 " league which ought to have been accepted by them if it had been required ; now that it was 
 "oftred fo willingly, and of his own accord, fliould not be ret'ufed andrejeded. But the more 
 ''p.ntcnccuntrjdr'o//-'w;;;/<x, a<; he wasre-dy togo his way, and earnelfly belonght him not tor 
 '^aryfrowa d contention, and debue with hiscompanion, to betray thecommon-weal. For if 
 "any overthrow or miladventurefliould happen the blame would be impnced rather to the for- ■ 
 
 faker
 
 The tenth Boo{ofT, Livius. 297 
 
 ^'^ faker than the forlaken: and now things were come to this pafs, that the honor ordifhonorof 
 " the war in //Vr^wrw^prove it well or il.jlliould fall upon J^. rvlumnius : for that no man would 
 " enquire of the words and language chat Apfiusga.\t him, but of the loriiine and fucccfs of the ar- 
 " my: and albeit ^-^;?p/« had given him hisfarewelaod pafport,the weaipubluk and the army held 
 "himftiliby the flee ve, and for proof hereof, let him but maketryalorthel'ouldiero hearts and 
 *' affeflions. Thus with remonHrance?,perfwarion;.,and hearty prayers to the one Conlul and the 
 other.they drew them both, in manner againft their \vils,topar.y inpiiblick audience before the 
 whole army. Where they grew to longer fpceches and difcourfes.biitto the famepwrpol'e^nd ef- 
 fect ,as before in the hearing and prefence of a few. Now when [''i.lumr.uis ( as having the better 
 B caufeyfeemed to reply, ani that with good graced words enough,againll th:.t lingular eloquence 
 of his Colleague ; and that Appius in irnmpmg and taunting manner, gave out and faid,'l hat they ■ 
 were beholden to him^and might con him thank,that of a damb and tongue-tied Con'.ul they had 
 one now-, that wasfo readyandeloquentrand who in his former Conlnlihip,nndlpeciaily in the 
 firllmonths,could not open his mouth, aiKli'peak a word, was now of a fudden become an Ora- 
 tor.ind able to make piauhble and popular Orations : then replied rV«'«w/«i'and faid , " Would 
 "•God, with allmy heart, you rather had learned of me to hght valiantly , thenlof you tofpeak 
 ^ finely :and in conclufionhefaid jie would tender him an ottcr,whii:h ihould determineand put 
 "out of all doubt, whether of them twain, were, not the better Lawyer and Orator (ior at tliis 
 " prefenttheCommon-weailtoodnotin need of fuch)but the better warrior and Captain Gene- 
 C '•'• ral. Whereas therefore5there are ii. Proviaces,H'c/rar;»j and Samniimi it flial be in your choice 
 •' (qd. he) to take one of them, whether you wiil,ind I my felf vtill with my own ar;ny,make war 
 ••'in the other. Then began the fouldiets to cry aloud unto them, that they wou:d jointly enter 
 '■'both upon theTufcan war. Which conTentand accord of theirs, when. ^-^i>/.'/»;;.'!w had per.eived, 
 '' Forafmuch fqd.hc) as I have on:e miltaken and mifrnterprcted the wiil of my Colleague,! wJl 
 •■' notinanycafeifandin doubt and be ignorant of your minds too : Let me know therefore by a. 
 *' fliout of yours,whether you would have me tarry ordeparc ? Whereat they fet upliich a note, 
 that it gave an alarm to theenemies,and raifed them out ct their camp", .md prelently theycriigbt 
 their weapons up, and came forth into the field. Vohimnms likewile taufcd the tnjrrpezs to found-, 
 and the (fandards andenligos to be brought abroad. Then y^p^;/'i(asi': is repotted) feeing ptam- 
 D ly.that whether he fought or fate Qill, the victory wo-ild beafcribed tohisCoUeague ,(f'jod in a 
 tnammeringand iafpenfe for a while : but afterward? fearing, iel+ that his own legions alio would 
 follow f^olf-imnius-i^iKt likewife unto his menthe fignal o- battel, which they fo inltantly called for. 
 But neither they, uor the enemies were well arranged and in good order : for both the leader of 
 the Samnits (GeHiu; E^r.atius) was gone a foraging abro-^d with fome if-»v cohorts and bands with 
 him ; whereupon the fouldiers rather of their ovvn head, than by canduA and diredioii of Cap- 
 tainfjbegan tocharge: and aifo the Roman armies were not both lead torth together, nor yet had 
 time enough to be manTialled accordingly : tor l'r':.ni»fts nr'!: gave the chargcbcfore that .-Jppiits 
 could come to encounter the enemies: whercupo-ti, theforefronis were not equally mat>.hed to- 
 gether: and as if fome fortune had exchanged the enemies , that they were wont to fight withal ; 
 E the Tufcani prefented themfelves to rnl/irifii/ts^icd the Sarnnits who Ikyed awhile (for that their 
 General was abfcnt) affronted Appnts. k i, reportedthnt App\-t!\rt the very heat ofthe skirmilli, 
 vvasfeen in the front of theTor-moft enfigns-toiifcup his hands ro Heuen,anJ pray inthis wife, 
 " O Lady Belkisa. if thou give us viiSlory and the honor of this day then,be furc; 1 vow here unto 
 '•thee at this hour, a fair Temple. When he had thus prayed, as if the goddels hnd put lire unto 
 him, and animated his courage, both himielfinat-hcd the valaur of his Colleague, and his army 
 anfwcrjd the vertue of their ComminJcr.For he pcrormed the devoir and p:rt( indeed)of a brave 
 General. The fouldier; likewife, ior fear that the other army fliould begin theviilory, endea- 
 voured and (Ireined all that ever they couid ; Whereby, ihey difarayed, difvomhtcd, and pot to 
 flight the enemies , who could not eaiily abide anv erraordinary for.e and violence , more than 
 F they were wont to meet withal. AnJfowith preiTing hard opnn them iHilthat retreated, and 
 chafing them hotly that werefcattercd in flight, they beat them into their camp. There, by the 
 coming in of (7^a«f and the Sabeliian bands,the battel for the time was f eflily renewed. But when 
 they alfo, within a while weredifcomfited, then was the camp aif aulted by the conquerors. Thus 
 whiles roIxmKiuffo: his part enrred with banner difplayed unto the v ery gate and Afp::(s ever and 
 anon, reiterated the name of 5f//tf?;.x the viarefs and all, to fet on fire and intlamc the courage of 
 his fouldicr; ; there was neither tren.h nor rampier that could hold them bark. _So the camp was 
 won and facked, and a huge pillage therein found, which was given ail to the louidiers. Seven 
 ihoihfand and three hundred enemies were flain, 2 1 20 taken priioners. 
 Durii-g the time that both Confuls, and the whole puiitance of the Romans,were thus more 
 G bent and impioyed in the war within Tufcar.y ; there were new forces railed in Saxyjinnh^o wall 
 the marches of the Roman Dominion: whotakingtheirway through the Vefllns, into Cantpd- 
 mt and the country of Falen.i, dravehuge prizes and booties away. And as rdsfuvhis by great 
 journies returned into Samniunt {for by this time F abuts :x\d D^rittswcrt come to an end of their 
 prorogued governmencj the bruit that was blown abroad ofthe Samnits army and their 'orrjging 
 ofihe territory of C^p.j, turned him out of his way , to the defence ofhis allies and co^'fede- 
 rats. So foon as he was entred into the country Calenum^ both he himlclf faw thettefii 
 marks and tokens ofgreatdammageanddefolation: and alfo the Calenians advertifedhim,th?c 
 
 the.
 
 298 The tenth Bool\ ofT. Livius. 
 
 I 
 
 the enemies caried with them already lb exceflive a prey and booty, that they were fcartc .ble for ^ 
 it to march in good order , and that their Captains began openly tofpeak and fay , thatili:. beli 
 courl'e they could take, was prefently to retire Samnmm-, thereto leave their prizes and booties, 
 and fo to return atrefli to their rodes and make new expeditions ;and net to totrmit snaimy, lo 
 laden and furcharged, to the fortune and hazard of a battel. Which words, albeit they founded 
 much to a truth, yet he thought it meet to look better into ihe matter, and to buiid upon a finer 
 c-round, and therefore he lent certain light Horlemen, to intercept lome forragers as they llrag- 
 fedand were fLatiered one trom another in the tieids. By whom he learned, after much quellion- 
 
 • Vaitrtne.ot ing with them, that tbeenemies encamped by the river T«//«r»,</,3ndlrom thence at the" third 
 VulLino. ' watch, would let forward ontheir journey dire6>ly into S'\mmum. After he had fufficient intel- 1 
 » About mid. licences and advertifements concerning thefe things , he diflodged and put himfelf upon his way 
 »»''i''f' and encamped fo far from the enemies, as his approach by beingtooneercoud not be known, 
 
 and yet he might be able to furprife them as they fhould illue in diforder out ot their camp. So.a 
 good while before day, he marched towards the enemy : and fent fuch as were well feen in the 
 Ofcian tongue, to liHen and learn what they did. Who being intermingled with the enemies 
 (which wa^ an eafy matter in that night garboil and confufion) they found that the enligns were 
 fet forward , not fufficiently accompanied with armed men for defence ; and that the whole pillage 
 with the "uard and convoy tbereof,was now going forth, and marched care!efly,like a fort of vile 
 and bale lozels, every man thinking of his own particulars and running on his own headjwithouc 
 confent ofothers, and with little or no diredion and government. This was thoughtchemeetellir 
 time to fet upon them: andnowit drew neer day. Whereupon he commanded the trumpets to 
 foundihechargejandfetuponthemarchofthe enemies. TheSamnits,incumbred astheyvvere, 
 and peflered with their booty, and few of them here and there in armour, began, fome 0} them 
 to double their pace and to march farter away, and drive before them the booty: fome ftood 
 fiill,and will not whether they were better, to go on forward, or retire again into thecamp, Buc 
 whiles they thus trifled and ftayed, they were environed and furpti zed by iheRomans: and by 
 this time they had gotten over their rampier: much killing there was , and confufion in the 
 camp. TheSamnits,asthey marched,befidesthat they were troubled with the affault of their e- J| 
 nemies, were alio difquieted with the fuddenefcape and revolt of thcirprifoners: who being iome ' 
 ofthemloofe, loofed alio ihofe that were bound : whiles others of tbtm, caught up their wea-L 
 pons which were tattned to the packs, and being confufedly intermingled in the march, made a 
 
 * "reater and more fearful garboil and havock , than the very battel ot the enemies. And more 
 ': than that, they performed one memorable and notable Adt above the red. For as Statiui E^- 
 
 natim the General, went about the ranks and files encouraging the fouldiers to fight, they fet up- 
 on him , fcattered the Horfemen afunder , that accompanied him , environed him about , and 
 took him as he fat on Horfeback , and haled him to the Roman Contul. Upon which tumulc 
 andflir, iheformoft enfigns ofthe Samnits were called back , and thebattel which in manner 
 was done, now began afrefh : yet could not they any long timerefift and'hold out. Slain there 
 were about fix thouland > two ihoufandand five hundred taken prifoncrs. Amongftwhom,vverc 
 4 Colonels and ^o Enfigns: and (that,wherein the vii^ors took contentment) of captives, 7000 j^ 
 and 400 hundred were again recovered; with an exceeding great booty which they had got from 
 their allies: whcreunto, byproclamation were called, all that could lay any claim, orpretenda M 
 right,tofeize upon their own goods,and to receive the famebya day appointed. And look whac ^ 
 parcels could not be owned or challerged by the true owner,was given away to the fouldiers:who 
 were compelled to make fale thereof, to the end, that they fhould not fet their heart upon any 
 thing but war. _ 
 
 This iaccage of the territory of C^;!»<i, had raifed great trouble and flir inRome. And at the m 
 very fame time alio, it chanced, that there came news out oi Hetrnriahow that upon the with- 
 drawing of ri/wwww his forces out of tho'e parts , all that country was up afrefh in arms ; that 
 G.llius E^uatinsihe Samnit Caprain, and the Umbrians likcwife , were moved to revolt ; and the N 
 Gauls atfo foUicited with great funis of mony. At this bruit the Senat being affraid, com- 
 manded anabftinence or vacation of term , and that ail forts of men fliould be muttered : and 
 not only the free born natnral citizens , and the flower of the youth were preft and fworn , buc 
 »CohoyU!,'' of certain * companies alio oftheelder fort, yea, and bands of Libertins newly enfranchifed, were 
 joo.inico= inrolled by the hundreds. Likewiiethcy fatinCoubcel about devifing means for defence ofthe it 
 hott. City: and P. .S^wproMw the Pretor, had the whole government of the State, ButtheSenat was 
 
 partly eafed and diu barged of this care, by thclctters of L, Folumnins the Cof, which gave intelli- 
 gence thatiheforragersofCampain were defeued.flain, and put to flight. Thereupon were de- 
 creed in favour of the ConfuK forthis exploit by him atchieved jolemn proccflions-, and the ab(H- 
 nenceoftcrm again was remitted .which had continued foreighteendayesfpare: and the proccl'-o 
 fion aforefaid, was right joyfully performed. Then began they to devile aboiir garrifons for de- 
 fence of the country thus wafled .ind o\ errunby the S:imnits. And agreed it was,th3t two Colo- 
 nies fliould be fent about the Veil in and Falern coafls, one to the mouth of the river L/V/;*-, which 
 • Traictto. Colony wascalled * Mintuma theotherintheVedinforreftand ftreighcs, adjoyningtotheFa- 
 lern country ; where Synope, a Greek Town fometimeftood, and atterw.irdsvvas called by the 
 "^^"''^'''^^f^ Romans there inhabiting , * Sinneffa. The Tribuns of cheCom. had in char<:e roordainby 
 vm'^r^' ^" ^^ °' ^^^ common people , that P, Stmpra»tus the Pretot fliouldchoofe certain Trium- 
 vir?,
 
 The tenth Boof^ofT, Livius; 297 
 
 _^ V irs, abouc the fending and rranQaiing of inhabitants into thofe Colonies. But much add they 
 had to iind thofe that willinj^ly yeelded to be inroiled Coloners, fiippoluig indeed, that tlicy were 
 fent thither^ not to inhabit Land and ground for their belt behoot , but to lie in garrifon, and to 
 Hand upon their guard in thofe frontiers , which were continually moieHed by warlike enemies. 
 From the care otihel'e affairs, the Senat was withdrawn, by occaiionof theTufcans war, where- 
 ofthe rumour daily encreafed: and letters alfo came thick from ^/)p;;«, who warned them not 
 toneglert the riling of that countrey : which letters imported, that lour nations had united their 
 forces, and banded themfelves together j to wit, 1 Hfcame., Samntumjiattri.t. and the Gauls : that 
 they were already encamped in two places,for that one w^s not ab!e to receive fo great a multi- 
 B tude. llponthefeoccalions, asalfotot thattheiimedrewneerofEledion ofConluls, Lucnu 
 Fohtmniw the Conlul was called home to Rome. Who before that he called the Centuries for 
 to give their voyces , having aflembled the people to an audience, dikourfed before them at 
 large, concerning the greatnels oftheTufcan war. "How that aforetime, when he himfe.f and 
 ' his brother Conful warred there together, it was ot'fo great importance, that neither one lea- 
 " der, not yet one army was fufficient: and by report, theUmbrians, and a mighty power of 
 *' Gauls were afterward combined unto them. So that they fliould remember, that they were to 
 " chufe that day two Coff. againit fourNations. As for hitufelf , but that he was certainly per- 
 " fwaded and aiTured , that the people of /?9/wf would with a general confentdedare him Coif. 
 '' who at that time, without all controv erfie was counted the principal Cjptain and beli leader of 
 C "ail others, he would forthwith nominat aDiiSlator. No man don ted, butthe jQ^f.j^//// was 
 the man, who by the allent of all, wasmeant and deliined to this charge : and him .together with 
 VolumniHs^ both the prerogative tribe, and all thofe that were called Hrlt, every one, nominated 
 to be Coif. VahiHs made a fpeech by way of excufe, in fubltan.e, like as he had done before, two 
 years together : but afterwards feeing he was overcome with the general agreement of the peo- 
 plcjbe framed it fo in the end, that he required i'.D^r.'w to be hiscollegue: '" Alledging, that he 
 ''would be in Head of a, good prop and Hay to him in his old age: how he had found by expe- 
 " riencein one CenforfHipand twoConUillhips, born jointly together with him, that there was 
 " no furet y and defence of the Common-weal,to the concord and agreement of thofe that are com- 
 " panions in government. And to any other new CoUegue belides him^hardly could an old mans 
 D " mind fort and frame. Alfo that he would and could more eafily impart his mind and purpole to 
 "one, whofe hnmor,conditionj and behavior, he had been already acquainted with. ThcGolT. 
 himfelf confirmed his Oration, and accorded thereunto ; as well, in regard of the commendable 
 parts and deferts of P,Deciiis,2S alfo of the good that proceeded and enfued upon the managing 
 of war-affairs, by the concord and unity ot theConfuls; andofthehurtwhiJi hapned and fol- 
 lowed upon theirdiiagreemenc anddiffention: "and therewith he (liewed how neer they were 
 *'of late to utter peril and deHrutHon , through quirreis between him and his brother v^/>p/«j-; 
 " admonifhingDf £■/■«/ and F<i^/«j-both,to live lb,aswiLh one mind and heart they affeiled and in- 
 '• tended thefame thing<;. Headded moreover and faid, they were men of Ailion both,bcrn for 
 *' war and to be fouldiers ; for martial feats renowned already : but for to maintain contentions 
 E " of words and quarrels of the tongue, altogether rude and unskiiiul, and fuch natures , (laid be^ 
 " were fittcff to make Confuls. As for nimble heads and fine wits , deeply feen in points and 
 '' quircks of law, full of their eloquent tearms, fuch as ^p. Clrndttts was ; thofe were meet to be 
 " made Lord Prefidents of the City and chief Juftices in the common place, for to iit in judgment 
 " ol caufes, and fee theexecution of laws. Thus in handling ofthefe matters was that day ipenc. 
 The morrow after, accordmg to the Confuls appointment, wastheEleiStion held, both oinevV 
 Confuls, and alfo of Pretors. Q^FahiHs 3tidP.D,ciusvfQvc created Confuls, and Aj>p, Claudius 
 Pretor, all abfenr. And Lyolttmnms by Aft of the S'enat, and grant of the Commons, had his go- 
 vernment prorogued, and continued in his charge one year longer. 
 
 The fame year were manyllrange lights and prodigious monHers feen: for the turning avvay 
 f of the dangers forefignified and menaced thereby , the Senat decreed fupplications and Let inies 
 for two dayes together. Wine and incenfe for the facrifices, was allowed at the publi.k char- 
 ges oftheCity, and in proceffion went both men and women in great number, with much reve- 
 rence, to vifit the Holy rtirines, and there to do their devotions. Thefe folemn fupplications 
 were more renowned and memorable , by reafon of a contention that arofe among the dames of 
 the City, in tlicChappelofLady Pudtcitia Patrhia, which flandeth in the bead-market, by the 
 round Church oi Hercules, The Noblemens wives would not admit into that Chappelrir^*- 
 nia the daughter of ^4 «//</, who, notwithftandingflie was nobly delcended from the race of the 
 P<«r/V;V.yechad cfpoufed fV«w»/«^the Conful, aCommoner, and was m.^rried (rorfooth)out of 
 the family and ranck of the PatritH. Whereupon •, there began fome fliort and cutted flirewd 
 G words to be dealt between: and fo (as women couTmonly arefoonangryand fet onfire) t^isre 
 grew to heart-burning and hot contention. Whiles Vtrainta. alledged and faid , that fiie being a 
 Cjcntlewoman and P./fr/>/Ciborn , and a chart and honeli Dame • was entered in the Chappel of 
 P.-tritum Chc.[}n:es : over and befides, fhe had not beennoted for Bigamy ^ but was the wile of 
 one only husband , unto whom Hie was given and brought a pure maid : and as torher hus- 
 band , and his dignities whith he had born, his noble adfsrhat he had archievcd -, (he had no 
 caulerocomphin or beall-iamed, nay rather,j{lic gloried therein right greatly. After this, fhe 
 accufHuIaced tiiefc magnificent; and glorious words, with a 'generous and brave a deed. For in the 
 
 lona
 
 ! Q 8 The tenth Bool\ofT. Livius. 
 
 Ion" ftreec where (lie dwelt, Oiefetby and cut off a part of her dwelling houfe, afmuch as would y 
 ferve for an Oratoy orpety Chappel,and there ere6led an Altar. And when (he had aflcmbled the 
 wives of the Commoners together, and had complained of the injurious dealing of the Pairitian 
 dames ; " This altar (quoth (he) do I dedicate unto Pudicitia Pletcia : and all you here I exhort, 
 "that with what emulation, the men our husbands , in this City contend about feats ofvalouc 
 •' and arms, who may dobeft ; fo likewife the Matrons and wives Hrive and excelin continence 
 '< and chaflity ; and that ye will labour and endeavour , that this altar may have the name to be 
 " frequented, and reforted unto, with more reverence and devotion, yea, and if fit be pofiTib'e) of 
 "morech.ift women, than that other of the Nobility. And foit fell out indeed, that from that 
 time, this altar alio had the lame rites (inamaonerj and ceremonies as the other, whithwasl 
 more ancient : in fnch fort, as no wife, but of approved honefty and chaflity, and wedded but to 
 one husband during her life,might be allowed there to facrifice and offer oblations. But this reli- 
 oious order and inHitution, in lapfe and procefs of time was prophaned afterwards and divulged, 
 and the altar frequented by them that were ftained and infamous , and not only by matrons of 
 name and quality;but: alfo by women of all forts and degrees,until at laft through difufe it grew to 
 be utterly forgotten, and came to nothing. 
 
 The fame ye^r the i£diles Curtile, C». and Q^.O^tt/ita accufed certain Ufurers, who were con- 
 viffed, and their goods forfeit and confifcar. And of that which came into the common cheft, 
 they caufcd to be made a brafen portal in the Capitol, and filver veflels forto furnifh out three ta- 
 bles in Jnp-ter his Chappel: alfo the image oi Jupiter himlelf in the Lantern or frontifpice of the K 
 CapiLol,litting in his chariot drawn with four Heed?, Moreover, atthe Fig-tree Rumifia/isfihey 
 ere6fed and fet up the images of the foundling babes , the firft founders of the City , pendant at 
 the teats of a fhee-wolf. They paved alfo with fquare ftone , the caufey and high way from the 
 gaicCapefia, unto the Temple o( Mars. The ^Ediles likewife Commoners, L.t/£liHi Ptttiuy and 
 C,Fulviu6Cf{rvm-, of the forfeited mony which they levied of the grafiers or farmers of the City 
 paflures, who were condemned and fined, exhibited certain pageants and playes, and fet up gol- 
 den boUes in the Temple oiCeres. 
 
 After this, Q^Fabiw the fift time Conful, and P. Decius the fourth, entred their government, 
 who now had been companion? together in three Confulats, andin oneCenforfhip, men re- 
 nowned, not more for the honor of their noble exploits in war, which was right great, than for L 
 their lovin^ agreement and concord. Which unity of theirs was not perpetual to the end ; by oc- 
 cafionj fuppole, of the contention of the States that came between, ratherthanof any difference 
 betwixt themfelves. For the Patr/tu laboured, that Fahins fliould have the Province of Tufcan 
 extr«ordinarily : and the Commons were as earneft with Decius to put the matter to a Lottery. 
 Certain it is, thata greatcontention there was in the Senat. But afterwards , feeing that f<j- 
 hius was able there to do more and make a greater fide than hisColleague,thc matter was brought 
 again before the people. In which affembly, few words pafled between the parties themfelves, 
 being martial men both , Handing more upon deeds than words. F^^««j gave out andfaid; 
 Debite be- " That it was an indignity, thatanotherfliould gather fruit under the Tree that he had planted, 
 tween Dfciw cc ^jfo^ (hat himfelf was the man, who had opened the way through the wood CimiKta, and had M 
 their pro- " given entrance and paffage for the Roman war, through defart and wild forrefis. What meant 
 vinces. "they then to trouble him, a man of thofe years, with this place of charge, in cafe, they minded 
 
 "to give the conduflofthis war to any other General but himfelf? Nodoubt, but by little and 
 "little he upbraided them covertly and calf in their teeth, for chufing unto him an adverfary, and 
 " not a companion in government : yea , and charged Decius , that he repented and envied the 
 "good concord, vvhereinthey had lived together, during the time ofthreeMagiftracies already. 
 *' Finally , he aimed and reached at no farther matter thsn this, butiffobe, they thought him 
 "worthy ofthe Province, thither to fend him. For as he had been at the appointment and plea- 
 " fure of the Senate, fo would he be at the ordering and dire(ftion of the people. On the other 
 " fide , P. Decitts complained of the injury offered by the Senat : for that the Nobles had endea- N 
 " voured to their power, and done their befl that no Commons might have accefs to honourable 
 " places and dignities: and after that prowefs and valour had got theupperhand, and prevailed 
 "fo, as even in thofe kind of men vertue wanted not her due reward and honour ; there were 
 "means fought, that not only the voyces ofthepeople were deluded ard made vain; but alfo 
 " the very awards andarbitrements of fortuncwere transferred to the wills andplcafures offome 
 " few. All Confuls before him had their provinces by lot : and now the Senat by their abfolute 
 " authoiity^withoutcafling lots, gave unto F<2^/«/ihe charge of his province. If it be ffaithhe^ 
 *' to honour the man: verily, he hath fo well deferved both of my felfand oftheCommon- 
 ^^vvealth, that I favour highly and tenderthe glory of ^. f .?^;«j ; pro\ ided alwayes, thatitget 
 "not albiningluftre, byafoilofmydifgraccanddifhonour. And who will everdoubt, whercQ 
 "there is one difficult and dangerous war , and the fame precifely and abfolutly charged upon 
 "one Conful, without ordinary and lawful calling: but that the other Conful (fandeth for a 
 ♦'Cipher, and is reputed cither need iefs, or good for nothing ? As for F/!^/«j, likeashegioried 
 " in his fervice and noble A£fs archieved in Tufcan , even fo would PuhUus Deans alfo full fain 
 ''dothefemblablc: and peradventure, hefhouldbeabletopiu outandquench that fire once for 
 " all, which Fabius left behind him, fo covered and raked up. as that oftentimes it fuddeniy brake 
 "out again, and yeelded forth newflamesand blazes. In condufion, he cou!d be content to 
 
 yeeld 
 
 II
 
 f 
 
 The Tenth Boof{ofT, Livius. 299 
 
 ^"yeeld the titles ofhonourand all rewards of venue unto bis Collegiie, in thereverentreoard- 
 '' of hisoldage, andmajeBy of hisperfon : buttorany hazard or jeopardy that might be pre- 
 "Tented unco them he neither at chis time gave place, nor ever \vould(\\ith hisgood will;to 
 *'himorany man elfevvhaLfoever; and ithegat no other good by this Loncention, yet vvouidhe 
 *' obtain thus much at the leaft, that the people fliou'd hold their own, and diipole ofthatahfo- 
 " lutiyat their dilcretion, which was in their power; rather then permit the Nobles to gratitie 
 "any one therewith at their pleafure. And herewith he prayed J«/).Cbf./J//z v. andalltheim- 
 " mortal gods, that even as they vouchfafed to bellow upon himandhis Coileguc equal valour 
 " and happinefs in the conduct ol their war, ib they would attord them one and the fame riohc 
 
 B ''and authority and rule. For, furely it was in nature meet and reafon, for example good and 
 "profitable, and for the credit and fame of the people of A'awf mu.h mate.iji, thatiuch fliould 
 ''beConfuis, as by either of their guidance and conduit, without exceptions, the war with the 
 " Tufcans might be adminiiired as it ought tobe. Fabiw then, having befought the peop.e 
 naught elie, but that before the Tribes were called in to give their Uiffrages, they would bear the 
 letters of vt//!^.C/W/;« Pret Of read, which were brought ouc of rr./^/;)-, departed out of the 
 afiembly. So the Province of r/'/r<i;j7, without calling lots, was awarded unto f<3^;>«, with no 
 lefs confent ofthe people, thenoftheSenat. Hereuponjall the younger fort (in m.inner^ ran un- 
 to theConful, and ottered their lervice of themfelies, and gave theirnames co be enrolled, fo 
 defirous werethty to ler\e under that Captain, Which multitude being thus flocked about hini 
 
 (ground; Four thoul'and footmen fquoth he^ and fix hundred horfe, and no more, am I mind- 
 ed to take up and levy. As many therefore, as to day and to morrow,' will prefent tliem- 
 felvesard gice their names, will I accept of and take with me : more care have I to bring yoil 
 allhomeri h and we.ilchy, then to hae numbers of fouldiers to fight my battels. Thusvvenc 
 he forth with acompetent Army well appointed, and fo much more conhdent, and in hope of 
 good fui. Lefs, by how much lefs he flood upon the great number; and direiled his journey to 
 inzl o^^n Aharna, where ^ipp/f« the Pretor encamped, and from whence the enemy was noc 
 fardi.tant. A few miles on this fide, the feweliers or wood-pun eiors, accompanied vvitha^ood 
 gnardofiouldiersfortheirconvoy, met him: who feeing the Sergeants going before, and uader- 
 Ifanding that it was Fabiiut\\z Conful, with joy and cheerful heaits, thanked God rrndthepeo- 
 
 j> pie of /?(7Wf, for fending unto them fuch a General. After this, when they came all about the 
 Conful to falute and welcome him, Fa'jitu demanded whicherthey went ? who anlwered, 
 To purvey wood and fewel. Sayyefo ? (quoth he) and have ye not your camp empaled and for- 
 tified ? Yes, cried they all, and that with a double rampart and ditch, butyet are we in exceeding 
 fear. Then (quoth he) ye have wood and timber enough. Go ye back again, and down with the 
 trench and pailifade. Who returned into the camp, and as they were plucking up the rampart^ 
 iheygave the alarm both to the fouldiers that tarried behind in thecamp,andcoy7pp;«/himfelf, 
 and made them afraid. Then every man faid to one or other as they came, that it was by the ex- 
 prefs commandment of ^.F<>'/»j the Conful chat they did fo. The morrow afterthey removed 
 thecamp; and ^/;p.;«thcPretor wasdifmifiedand fentaway to /\ow;r. Afterwhich time, the 
 
 £ Romans abode nowhere in Handing camp: for he faid, it was not good and commodious for an 
 army to make abode in any one place ; but th.it it was better and more whnlfom both for thea- 
 gility and health oftheir bodies, to have a running camp to be ever marching, and changing the 
 air and th? foil. But their journeys were no other; then the winter would permit, which'was 
 not yet pall. 
 
 In the beginning of theSpring, F^^/«jhavirgIefcthefecondleg!onatr/«,'?v/;?i, which in old 
 time wascalled Camars^ and appointed L, Scipto Pro-pretor'to begovernor ofthe camp,he retur- 
 ned himfelf to ^o»jf for to confult about the war: were it of his own accord and motion, becaufe 
 it appeared evidently in view of eye much greater then it was repined before; or that he was 
 fent for by order from the Senat. for there be writers that affirm both theone and tlie other.Scmc 
 
 ■p would have it thought, that he was called back again by >^fp;<7jC/.J?'^.'«' Pretor, who both ac 
 the Councel Table in the Senat Houfe, artd alfo before the body of the people (like ashehad 
 continually done by letters) enforced the fearand terror ofthe Tutsan war, faying, thatoneGc- 
 neral and one Army, were not fuftident to makehead agninll four Nations: thatit would be 
 dangeroui and doubtful, whether they jointly in one body gave b.utel unto one, or maintained 
 vyar apart in divers quarters: that one man was not able to perform and mannage all at onre. 
 As for himfelf, he had left behind him two Roman Legions and no more, and with Fabius ihtxi 
 were conr.c not fujl five thoufand in all, of horfe and foot together. His opinion therefore was, 
 that with ailfpc.'d P. Dc^d/i^the Conlul, fliouid go to his Collei?ue into T/.'/crw, and L.Vo' 
 ^»w«/a/havethechargeof.S'<jww/w in the mean time. Butin cafe the Conful had rath jr go in- 
 
 g to his own Province, then he advifed,that ^(j/«»7«'/« took his way direitly with a full and com- 
 pleatConfuIara.'my into T«/fv«>', to the Conful, When this dikourfe o' the Pretor had moved 
 a great part ofthe Hoiile, then ?, Di-c/wfpake (by report) to this eftedt ; That all fliould be lefn 
 entire and free to the difpofition of ^. F.tbiut^ until fuch time as either himfe.f in perfon ( if ic 
 might fland with the weil-pub'ick) were come to Rirm m lent one of hi; Lieutenants by whom 
 the Senat mightbeenformed,''ndtriiely underftand thepoyfeand import^nceofche warm Tuf- 
 eany; what forces were requifite, and how many Leaders and Captains wercexcedicrt and need- 
 ful. FabiuSf fo fooa as he was returned to Rame, both in the Senai-HQUle,and alio in the audience 
 
 D d of
 
 200 TbeTenthBoo\ofT,Livms. 
 
 I 
 
 ofthe people, held a middle courlsin all his fpeech ; that he might Teem neither to encreafe, nor H 
 yet todiminillitherumor ofthe war: and in affuming to himfeitanoiher Captain, he prerended, 
 that he condelcendedihereuotOj in regard ofocher mens fear, more then tor his own lafcty, oE 
 lorany danger chat the State was like to incur. Howbeit, it they would allow him a coadjutor 
 snd companion in war,how might he forget P, Deems the Conlulrof whom he had lo good proof 
 •and experienceinfomany MagiUracies-,whichihey had born and adminillredtogeiher.Ofallmen 
 in the world he loved none better, and would make choice of no onefooner : and having P. Ve- 
 cius\yn\\ him, he would never think his forces too few about him, nor his enemies too many be- 
 fore him. But if perad venture the mind and heart of his Collegue flood otherwife, his requeft 
 was, that they would givehimL. Fc/«w«//«tobe hisaflidanc. The determination of all was re- | 
 ferred over to f4/i»;, both by the people and Senat, and alfo by the Confulhimfelf.And when as 
 Dedus fliewed and telUfied that he was ready to take a journey either into Saw}.!: m or Tt:[cA»yy 
 there followed fuch a joy and gratulation of all men, as it they had conceived in their fpirit a vi- 
 ctory afore-hand, and even now, had decreed for the Confuls, not a doubtful war, but a glorious 
 triumph. I find in fome writers, that F4 Wand Dm///, prefentiy upon the entrance into their 
 MagiUracy, went into T/ifc^wy, without any mention of calhng lots for their charges and pro- 
 vinces, or ofthe contention between the two CoUegues, which 1 have fet down. There befome 
 ag-iin, who having laid abroad thefe debates, (layed notthere, but over and befides have added 
 a furceafe of matter, touchingtheinvedtivesof v^/'p^'wj- before the peoplcjagainft F^bius in hisab- 
 fence; as alfo the cbftinate Hubbornnefs of him being Pretor, againlf the Conful, to his g 
 very face: moreover, another contention and variance between the two Con'uls; whiles D«- 
 cius cndevoured tobiing about, and was inilant that each one flTonid keep him to his own Pro- 
 vince allotted unto him, and hold it. But all writers agree in the courie ofthe hiltory, from the 
 lime that both Confuls went out to war, and lo forward. 
 
 But before that the Confuis arrived in T«/f»t»7, certain Gauls called Senones, came with a 
 great power before C/;«y;//.5*», ready to give alVault unto the Roman Legi-.n and thecamp. But 
 Sc/p;o, who was left Governor thereof, thinking itneceffary to help out tbelmall number of his 
 men, by advantage ofthe ground Jed his army up to che hill between the town and the camp.Buc 
 (as it fol erhout in fuch fudden cafes) hehadnotdifcoveredaforehandthevtayes andpalTes alia* 
 bout; but inconlideratly went forward, and engaged himfelf up to thetop and pitch ot the hill, £• 
 W hich the enemy was maflerofalready, by another iide. Thus was the legion aflailed ontheback 
 and beat down and thus was it enclofed and environed round, by a multitude of enemies, and 
 put to the fword. Some writers there be who report, that the whole legion perifhed there, lo as 
 not one efcaped alive to carry tidings. Alfo, that the Confuls who now were not far from Clufi- 
 »w,had no news brought them of this overthrow ,betorejthe horlemen ofthe Gauls weirein fight, 
 who carrying the heads ofthem that were flain, fome hanging before at their horfcpoitrels, o- 
 thers (iic king aloft upon their lanres, braved and triumphed linging and chantingfongs of joy, 
 after their manner. Some write that they were the Umbri and not the Gauls, and that the de- 
 feat and mrfflacre was not fo great : alfo that when the forragers for the camp under the leading 
 of L. MaidiHs 'TorcjHMus a Lieutenant, were compafled about by the enemy ; t\\zr\Scifio -^ 
 the Fro-pr<:tor came forth of che camp to fuccour and refcuethem and that che Umbrians who 
 firft had the better, afterwards when thebattel wasrenewed, fuffered the foil and wereover- 
 come, and that as well their prifoners as their booty was taken from them. But more pro- 
 bable it is- that this overthrow was given by the Gauls, then the Umbrians; for that as divers 
 times afore, fo that year efpecially theCity was frighted with the tumults and rifings of the 
 Gauls. Upon this defeat, over and befides, that both the Confuls were gone to war with four 
 legions- and a ;,:reat power of Cavalry of natural Romans, and a thoufand horfemen ofC<*p«<«> 
 choienout ofpurpofeforthat war, and fenc unto them, with a greater*' power alfo ofAllies> 
 and of Latins then of Romans ; there were two other armies not far from the City of Rome, 
 cppofed to frontier and make head againlt Tuscany : the one in the Falifcian territory, the other ja 
 intheVatican. Cn. Fuhius zx\d L. Pofihumms Mcgillusi both Pro-pretors, were commanded 
 to keep a fianding camp in thofe pans. But the Confuls by this time, having paffed over the moun- 
 tain .'7pf;2>;/;:«/, were come to cheenemies within thecountry of theSencinats. And there about 
 four miles off, they fat them down and encamped. Then the enemies, after much confultationjre- 
 fo'ved in the end upon this point ; not to be intermingled all in rne camp, nor come into the 
 field and hazzard all their forces at once in one battel : But that the Gauls fhould take the Sam- 
 nits unto them, and the Umbrians join with the Tufcans. The day of the battel was appointed, m 
 The Gauls and Samnits had the charge to maintain the fight: and in the time of battel 
 thcTufcan? and Umbrians were commanded to afT.iult thecamp of theRomnns. But thefe 
 their dehgns and purpofes were altered by reafon of three Clufin fugitive traitors, who by night _. 
 floleawayprlviiy unto che Confnl F^Wf, and difdofed the intents and enterprife ofthe ene- 
 mies ; who were fenc away wich rich rewards, to the end that every hour, upon new plots 
 and devices that fliould be determined by the enemies, they would give them an inkling and 
 certain intelligence. The Confuls write unto Ftilvim and ^ojihnmius^ that the one flaould ad- 
 vance and come forward with his army, out ofthe Falifcan country ; and the other cue of the Va- 
 tican diredly unto C/.'.'/?-w : and chat with all their forced they fhould overrun and c'eflroy the 
 eaemies coiincry. The rumor of thefe rodes & invahons; caufed the Tufcans to remove out ofthe 
 
 Sentinac
 
 The Tenth Boo{ofT. Livius. 901 
 
 - Ssntinac lerricory, to the defence of their own frontiers, Hereiipen the Confuls made fpeed to 
 
 '^Itrikea battel in their ablence. And tor two dayes tpace they skirmillicd cominually with the e- 
 nemv and challenged him to Lheheld;but tor thofe two days, no worthy deed ot importance was 
 atchieved A tew on both hdes were flain, and hereby were their courages rather pioioked, and 
 their Itom'acks whet to a tuil let batiehhen any trial or hazard made of the mainchanie. Uoon 
 the third day into plain held they come withalliheir power. When both .irmies Itood ran^^ed in 
 battel array, there fortuned a Hmd to be cnaled out of the mountains, and to run away bciore a 
 V'olf eventhrou^tithemidltottheplainsbetween both armies : then, parted boch thefe wild 
 beaHs'afunder, the'^Hind took her way to the Gauls- and the Wolf his conrle to the Romans,The 
 
 to Wo'f had way "iven him through ah' the ranks and hlesjbut the Hind was killed among the Gauls. 
 Then a Roman'louldierjone ofrhetorefront.who was to fight before the Bnfigns : There will the 
 flic'ht (quoth he) there will theilanghterbe, where you fee the bealt facred and dedicated to 
 D%>!i lie dead : but here en this part, the martial WoU, confecrated to Al^rs-. having with vicfo- 
 1 V "one clear away fafe and unwounckd, hath put us in mind of our martial Nation and of our firft 
 toimaer the Ion of /l/^o, 1 he Gauls put themfeUes in the right wing, theSamnits in the left.A- 
 'MinH theSamnits, f^buis m.rlliailcd the firif ar.d third Legions, in the right point : and Deems, 
 The tit'th and hxth in the left, atfront the Gauls, For the fecond and fourth lerved in Sarn>7inw un. 
 der L rohim^uis Pro-conful, At the hrli fiiock and encounter, the battel was lo indifferently 
 fou"ht and wich fo equal force.that if the Tufcans and Llmbrians had cither fl-.ewed themlehes 
 in tTie held, or alfailed the camp the iofs and overthrow muU needs have light in either place, 
 
 ^ whereas they had bent their for.es.Howbeit, although hitherto the conilift ot battel went equal 
 and indifterem, and that as yet fortune had not determ.ined, which way flie would engine and 
 oi\"e*the victory ; yet they fought not alike, in the right and left wings .For the Romans under the 
 fondua of f^/^/«*, rather warded the enemy warily, and Hood upon their guard, then offered to 
 charoe^lufiiiy : fo as they maintamed fight, and drew it at length untilit was very late m the eye- 
 nin'.',becaule i 
 
 as thev were m 'h<»^r:+ <:kirmiiii vcrv not ai)u luriuuSiiL wdb Hi HI. IV. Ill L'-. i\^>-y i_/ii oi n.i.s,ni <iiiu it 
 
 ftaves end,Asl ^ ., , , • r ■ n n u .i 
 
 dies of the Gauls,(who of all other can lealt away with travel,^ heat eipetiahyjwould turn ail to 
 fweat & me'.t away:whoat the beginning,fight more fiercely then menbut in tt:e end more faint- 
 ly then women Againlt that time therdore,when the enemy ufed to tail & give over, F^^/«; had 
 kept his fouldiers in breath.^c referved theirftrength trefli & lulfy. But D.c/«; being very eager & 
 hot by reafon of his youth and courage of heart, laid onluRily at the firrt, and ipent upon the e- 
 tiemies all theforce & vi^or he had = and tor that the Infantry feemed to fight bat coldly , he fet the 
 Cavalry awork: and hitnfelfpcrfonaliy in thethickeft throngand troop otmoll valiant and hardy 
 
 and b.Kk i but when as they were engaged farther within,and were now fightmg hard pell mell a- 
 p mono t'^e Iquadrons of the hoi fcmen, they beheld anew and Grange kind ot fighcwhich troubled 
 and t'errificd them For the enemies (landing all armed upon chariots & W3gon$,wnh a great nolle 
 oftheir aeeds,and'rambling of the wheels,ran full upon them & mightily afirighted the hones of 
 the Romans which had not been acquainted with fuch uncouth ef :irange noifes.So the horlmeil 
 who h-d the upper hand before,^ were at point of victory, were now with a foul fear difcomfit- 
 ed and fcattered.asif the hideous furies ofheU,& thedivel himielfhad been amongft them,Whef- 
 «pon they fled luddenly Si not looking before them were overthrown both men Jc borfe. By this 
 occafionthe enli^ns of footmen were diHrefled &: dilbrdered,and many of thole that vVere ranged 
 in the front before the enf.^ns.wereby force of horfe & wagons driven crolsthroiigh the battail- 
 lons trodenunder foot. and their guts fquaOied out.Herewithal the batt?.i,lon? ot the Gsuls looc- 
 t: men feein- theirenemies thusl'cared followed on apace,& gave them no time of breathing Df«- 
 ^ ,«cried out aloud to his menAVhitherOie yerOr whathop^haveye tolayeyonrielves byflight? 
 Deaai oppofed himfelf againlt them that retreated and fled.-D.f;« ralhed thole that were disban- 
 ded and fcattered:but feeing that by no force ormeans he could (fay fhem,thus amazed & a(f oni- 
 ed a^ they were ; he called upon his father P.Dcau^ by name.and laid ; Why do I (fay any longer 
 the fatal death that is dellined to my houfe e^ name?-'It is given to our race .\^ tafnily,to be lacnfi- 
 '< ced in lieu of propitiatory Ixrifices for to affoil & fave the pnblick weal from dangers menaced 
 *' & threatnedunto it Even now therfore, wil I offer the legions of the enemies tobelacriliced 
 '* « with my fclf toDame r.//«rand other infernal gods.VVhen he had fpoken thele vvord<,hecom- 
 thanded M L,v,us the high PrieH (whom as he marched into the field , he (Iraightly had charged 
 ^ not to depart from him )t or to pronounce and fay that form ot vyords,woereby he niould devote, 
 ^ offer, and betake himicJf to death, tor.ether with the legions ot the enemies, tor to fave the army 
 of the Q'lirits and people of Rome. Which when he had done by the fame form of prayerand in 
 the lanTe"habit wherein his father P. D:aus at the rncvl^efcns, ,n the war .-^ainlf the Latins cati- 
 fed himlelf to be offered to death : and belides thefe folemn prayers,3adcd moreover thele words: 
 "That he drave before him Fright,Fright.Murder,MaflacreBloodfhed,lre and Wrath ot gods. in 
 '' Heaven.8i fiends in Hell; and that he would with deadly maledictions and execrable curies Imire 
 « the enligns, weapons, and armors ot his enemies i and that oae and the lame place, (hould gwe
 
 ^oZ. The Tenth Boo^o/T.Livius. 
 
 1 
 
 »' both himfelf, and alio the Gauls and Samnits together with him, plague, perdition, and deflru- H 
 " 6tion. After ihefe curfed, horrible, and detertable ipeeches againlt his own perfon and his ene- 
 mies ; look where he fa w the ihickdt ranks of the Gauls, thiiher helpurred his horfe, and rode 
 in amongli them : where amidll the pikesjjavelinSjand fwords, he wasprel'encly {lain, Then could 
 it hardly be feen, that the battel was any longer fought by power and help of man. The Romans 
 fofoon as they had lolt their Captain, (which at all other times is wont to fmite a tcrrorinto 
 them) (laycd their flight, and were willing and contented to renew the battel afrefli.The GauJs, 
 and elpeoally thactroop which Hood about the Cof. his body, fared as though they had been 
 out of their wits, flang their darts from them p know nothow)tonopurpole,andin vain: fome 
 of them (lood flili, as it were benummed, forgetting both to run away, and to fight iliil, i 
 But on the other fide the high Prieft Lmt«,with whom Dechu had left theferjeants,and whomi 
 betore his death he nominated and ordained to be Propretor,cried out, as loud as he couldj that 
 the Romans had the vi6^tory, and by the death of the Cof.were acquit and cxculed from ail other 
 fatal danger :but as for the Gauls and the Samnits, they were delHned and forfeited (as it were) 
 to tri other Tf//w and the infernal fpirits. And now D<rc/«/ (quoth he^ haled aftethimand callcth 
 to follow him, the army that with him was devo wed, curfed, and offered: now all the enemies 
 are full offuries and fearful fright. Then, as thefeaforefaid began the skirmiOi again, behold there 
 cameunco ihcm^C or nc litis Scipio, and C. Martins with a fupply of fuccours from the rereward ; 
 who by commandment of^. Fabius the Conful, were fent to aid and refcue his Collegue. Where 
 they heard of the worthy end of P. Dccius, a noble example to encourage them to adventure all K 
 hazards in the fervicc of their country and Common-weal.Therefore, when as the Gauls flood 
 clofe and thick together, oppofmg their targets before themjtanged and joined one over another 
 featherwife, fo, as to deal with th em affront, and to cope together at hand (f roaks, was thought 
 a difficult and dangerous matter ; then, by the commandment of thofe two Lieutenants,the darts 
 and lances which lay Are wed upon the ground, between the two armies, were gathered upland 
 flung againft the pavoifsde or tortufe-fenle of the enemies targets abovefaid. And by reafon that 
 thefe javelins and fpears light and fluck fall, fome in their targets, and fome in their very bodies* 
 it hapned that their knot was broken, and the battaillon(as huge and clofe as it was; disbanded, 
 in fuch forc,as many ofthem, notwithftanding their bodies were untouched and unluirr.feldown 
 aflonicd one upon another. Lohow fortune altered the cafe, and changed ail in the left win" of L 
 the Romans. But in the right, Fabius (as is beforefaid) at the firfl , lingered and drew on the day: 
 but afterwards, when ashe perceived, that neither the enemies fhouts, nor their manner of li- 
 ving charge, nor yet the darts and javelins which they lanced, had thefame vigor and forcejas ^e- 
 fore;hecommandedtheCaptainsofthehorfemeDtowheel about with their Ccrnets,and to flank 
 the Samnits, that upon a fignal given, they might charge them ovcrthwart with all the violence 
 they could,whiles his own Legionary footmen by little and little advanced forward ,ard brake the 
 ranks and difordered the enemy. When he faw once, no refiflance made, and that without all 
 doubt, they were wearied and out ofbreath: then hegathered together all his fubfidiary compa- 
 nies ofthe rereguard, which he hadreferved until that time and bufinefs, frefli and in heart ' and 
 at once, both fet forward the Legions, and gave the horlemen alfoa fignal to fet upon the ene- vf 
 mies. But the Samnits could not endure this violent charge, but ran as faff as ever they could to 
 recover the camp fall by the battaillon of the Gauls, leaving their fellows behind them in fiohtto 
 pay the reckoning. The Gauls having likewife made a larget-fenfe, flood thick and clofe together 
 under ir. Then Fabius advertifed ofthe death of his brother Conful, commanded a wino or Cor- 
 net, to the number almofl of 5oo.horfemen oiCapnaxo withdraw themfelves out of the°conflift 
 to caft about and to play upon the backs of the Gauls : after whom, hecaufcd the Pri;icipes ofthe 
 third Legion to follow ; and wherefoever they efpied the ranks of the enemies by force of horf- 
 mcn difordered and broken, there, to fecond them, and prefs on flill, and kill them whiles they 
 were in difarray, and atraid. Himfelfvowed a Temple to Jupter r,aor, together with the fooil? 
 of his enemies. Which done, he advanced flraight forward to the camp of theSamnits Th'ither m 
 all the multitude of them were driven in great fright and difarray. And for that the gates' were not 
 able to receive fo great a multitude, crouding together, they that were kept out, and could not 
 get in, by reafon ot the throng of their fellows, began again to fightunder the rampart. Where 
 Gellius E^nattus^ the General ofthe Samnits was firucken down and flain : after this, the Snmi its 
 beaten within their rampart, were killed every one,and their campaftcrfmallrefiftance won The 
 Gauls behind their back were environed and cut in pieces.That day were flain of enemies five and 
 rvvcnty thouland,and 8000 taken prifoners. Howbeit, this viaory cofl the Romans blood ; for 
 oiP.DcciHs his army, there died 7000 and of f.t^w, 1200. f^^«nhenhavingfent cut toleek- 
 
 ati 
 
 Other matters for the timea(;de, folemniKd the burial and funeral obfequies of his fellov^ 
 Conlul, with due commendation and condignepraifes, and with all honor that could bedevi- 
 led. 
 
 • ^"J^u^'^j^ *"^° ^''""^ ^^^ ^^'"^ nmt,Cr,.Fuhius Propretor,bad fortunat fuccefs to his hearts de- 
 ife:for behdes great damage done to the enemy,by invafions & redes into the country, he fought 
 
 alfo
 
 The Tenth Booli^ofTJ-Avius. 503 
 
 A alio a notable battel : wherein of Perufins and C'mfins were (lain above f,coo, a nd twcrry en 
 fignswon. The Samnits, as they fled through the territory of the Peh'gnians, were by them in- 
 tercepted and enciofed ; and of hve thoufand, they were kit but one thonland. Great isthefamc 
 of that day, and ofthe battel that was ton<;htinthe Sentinate territory, ifa man hold him on'y to 
 the truth, and make no more of it than it was. But fomeliaveovcrrca(.hed a little, and written, 
 that the enemies were ^o^^o.foot, and 46 oco. hone lkong:a!fo^that they had a thoufand (.har- 
 riots or waggons, reckoning and compriling the Umbrians and Tulcans withal : who alio ^as they 
 lay) were at the battel. And to encreafe alio the power and forces of the Romans, they repo; t» 
 that L. Volummtii Propretor, was a Commander, together with the Confuls, and that his army 
 B was joined with the Legions of the Confuls. Biiclfindin m oft Chroni-.les. that this viifoiy was 
 archie \ ed by the two Confuls only, Vohirr.ni'As'm the mean rime warred in SamKinm'-, and having 
 forced and driven the army of the Samnits, to take the hill T iferr.Hm-,v\o\.\:m^ afraid for the difad- 
 vantage of the place, difcomfited them, andputthemto flight. C{. F^'/*w, having left the army 
 of D(?c/;/i behind him in Tuf.any, reduced his own legions into the City, and triumphed over the 
 Gauls, Tuscans, and Samnits. His foiiidiers followed him in his triumph, who in their rude 
 military rhimes and fongs, celebrated no lefs the brave and noble death of F.Decim-, than the 
 worthy victory oi Q^uinti^ t'abifu. And they revived the memorial of his father late deceafed, 
 comparing him in equal degree, for the ilTue and event, as wellpnblickas privat, with theprai- 
 fesot hislon. Of the booty and pillage gained from the enemies, rhefouldiers had given unto ^j^^^^^, 
 C them ' 02 Aflesapeeccj with a liveryjcloakjandcoatia good reward forafouldiersferviceinthofe y^^^/, ' 
 days. 
 
 For all thefe notable viilories atchieved- yet neither the Samnits nor the Tufcans were at qui' 
 ec. For, both thePerufins began to rebel, fofoon as theConfulhad away his army: andalfo the 
 bamnits came down to forrage and ipoii into the territory of r.y?;;,' and Forw/.j^.'.'w, and another 
 way into Ejctrnnhim, which lie along the river VultitriiH!. Againit them was Jpfas CLitidiHs the 
 Pretor, fent with Decins his army. And cabins in Tiifcany, whi^h began new war^flew four thou- 
 fand and five hundred Perufms, took prifoners i74o.who werer^nfomed for* ^5 • o. Afles a piece. * 4(.flj,io,l. 
 The reif of the fpoil was all bellowed upon rhefouldiers. The Legions of the Samnits being pur- ob./hrl, 
 Ined hard at heels, partly by ylppins ClaiidnisViQiot-, and partly by L. FcLnmfnus Proconful, met 
 D all together in the territory of • Sttll.u Where both the Samnit Legions abode, and z\{o Ap- , ., • ^ 
 p/>« and ro/«w«/rt^ joined and encamped together. There was a fliarp and cruel battel fou?,hcan r;/ wl' 
 both fides. The Romans were incenfed with anger and choler againft thofe that had fo ofren re- 
 Jbelled : the other, upon a delperate mind were refolute to hazzard the utmoft. So there were 
 ilain oftheSamnitSj 16300; 2700. taken prifoners, and of the Romans there died two thoufand 
 feven hundred. 
 
 Thisyear fo fortunate in war, was by reafoti of peflilence much atfiifled; and for certain pro- 
 digious tokens, ful of care and perplexed. For it was reported , that in divers places it rained earth: 
 and that in the army of yippiu; CLvtdinsxht^t were many fmitten ?c blafled with lightning. In re- 
 gard hereof, the books of Sil>yll.t were perufed and fought into. The fame year j^ Fa'^im G:trg;i-, 
 £the Conful his fon, fined and puniflied by the purfe, certain wives who had been conviiled and 
 condemned beforethepeople, of Adultery :ofvvhichm,oncy fo railed by their fines^ he cauled 
 to be built the Temple oiVenHs-, which (fandeth necrthe Cirque or Race. 
 
 There remain yet behind certain wars of the Sam.nics, whereof we have now continued our hi- 
 ftory in thefe four books, forthe fpace of fix and forty years, ever fince that M. I'^alerias, and Aa. 
 Cor»r//«j were Confuls, wHo were the firif that wixndinSanJiiUim, To let pa fs therefore, and 
 not totroublethe readers, with aprolix narration ofthe alternative overthrows given and recei- 
 ved between both nations fo many years one after another, for all whi>;h calamities and lofles 
 their heartsand courages could not be daunted or conquered : the very lad year, the Samnits, in 
 the Sentinat country, in the Peligns territory, at 7';ff>-.?f;;;j, and in the territory of5ff//.f,werede- 
 F feated both by thcmielves, with their own legions, and alio mingled with others ; and that, by 
 four armies, and four Roman Captains ; loft the braveft and n'.oft noble General of all theit nati- 
 on; faw their confederates and allies in war, the Tufcans, Umbrians, and Gauls, inthefame 
 predicament as themfelves, not able tf)|{and and maintain their eflate any longer, citherby their 
 own power, or with help of fo-rai'/n forces ; yet for all this, would they not abftain from war, 
 io little weary were they of defending their iiberty,although it were unfortunacly: chooiuig rather, 
 to be vanquifhed,thannotto attempt the winning of viflory. Who is he, that would not think' 
 it irklbm, and tedious, either to write or read this long fuit and train of wars, which they in figh- 
 ting were never wearied ? 
 
 After O. Tjr.biu.5 and P. Decins, fucceeded Confuls L. PoJlbnmiiis Mefrillustiwd M. AttiUus Re- 
 Q^uIhs. To them both, was committed charge of 5'.z»/wk/», for that the bruit went, th.uthee- 
 nemies had prepared three full armies, the one to go again into Tufrany, the fecond to invade 
 and over-run afrefli the territory of C^pa.i, and the third to defend their own frontiers. Poflhn- 
 miush^ reafon of ficknefs remained at Rowe^ bur yJtt:li:4s went prefcntly with an army forth, to 
 the end that he might furprizc the enemies on a fudden in Sa-iwnum, before they had taken the 
 field ; for fo the Senat had given direflion : rrd he found theenemy in the way to meet him, as 
 if it had been fo of purpole before by them detcrmined.readv there to keep him from entrqnce:and 
 fo far off were they from wailing the lands ofthe Samnirs, that tbcy could not oace enter into 
 
 D d 3 their
 
 104 ^^^^ Eighth BooJ\pfTJWius* 
 
 their confines ; nay, the Samnits debarred them from departure thence, into the peaceable parts ^ 
 and territories cfihfir j;:ies. Now when as they were encamped aftront one againlt anoiher ; 
 that, which tht;Rorn:.ns being to ol'ten conquerors, would hardlyhave adventured, (feehow ut- 
 ter dcfpairdriveth men to rafli projefts and eNtremities) the Samnits attempted : eventogive 
 affault upon the Romans camp. And albeit this lo ventrous enterprife ipednot well inthe hnal 
 efFectj yet wasit not altogether in vain attempted. There chanced to be a ioggymiit, vvhiih con- 
 tinued a good part ot the day .Jo thick and palpable, as m.en could net fee before them, 1 fay not, 
 fo tar as without the trench, but not fo much as thofe that came dole to fpeak one to another.Tlie 
 Samnits hereupon taking the advantage fit for an ambulliment, before it was full day light, and 
 ihefamemuth overcalt and dim with the mid, came as faras the Co!7).f«'«'^«<j><^ot the Romans, I 
 who in the gates and entrance of the camp warded but negligently : being thus taken on a fud- 
 den> they had neither 'outage nor ftrength enough to rehlf. At the back-fide of the camp, they 
 affaulted the great gate Deatm-raa, feized theQiieftors pavilion. and that quarter about ittwhere 
 the Qiief^or himfelt (L, Of:mim P.mfi) was (lain, and thereupon the alarm was given. 1 heCof, 
 being with this tumuk raifed, commanded two bands orcohorts of alliesto wit the one of Luca- -, 
 nians, and the other of Sneffans, which haply were next hand, to defend and guard the Pretors 
 pavilion, and that quarter, Inthe meanwhile he marched with the legionary bands along the 
 high broad llreet in the camp, called Principalis, and before they had buckled and fitted their 
 armor about them, they were ranged in battel array ; and had knowledge of the enemy, bythe 
 earand ontcrie.5, rather then by the (ight of the eye: neither could they give an eftimate whatK 
 number they were. At the firlt, as doubtful of the event, and miOruHin;^ their fortune, they ^ 
 retreated) and received their enemies in, and let them come even into the midlf of the camp: * 
 but then the Conful cried out, and asked, Whether they meant tobe turned out of their own 
 ramparts and holds firft, and after have a new piece of work to affail and win them again ? So, 
 they fetup afhout, and put all their might together, and firif made rehlf ance only and kept their 
 ground: but afterwards they let forward, and preffcd upon them : and having once beat them 
 back, they drave them afore them; with the lame tear, that they themfelves began, yea, and 
 chafed ihcm out of the gate and the trenth : but to proceed further, for to purfue the chale, they 
 durfinot, for fear of tome ambufliment, by reaibn of the miHy and troubled weather, conten- 
 ting themfelves with thefaving oftheir campandno more; and fo they retired within their ram* L 
 parts having (lain to the number welnear , of three hundred enemies. Of Romans, as wel thofe 
 that were in the firfi Co'-p^<^*^^<»'-i^ and Sentinels, who kept the watch, as of thofe that were 
 furprifed about the Quellors lodging, werekilled 2 30. This bold adventure of the Samnits fpee- 
 ding fo well, made them take better heart ; fo as they would not permit the Romans to encamp 
 farther into the Country, no, nor fo mu.h, astogoaforraginginto their territory: whereupon 
 they were compelled to retire again^and to pnrvey forrage in the quiet and peaceable quarters of 
 rheir friends about Sor^. 
 
 The bruit of all thefeoccurrents more troublefomeand fearful then truth was, being come to 
 Rome-tCZVikd L. Pufihumitis the Cof.before he was well recovered ofhis licknefs, to take thefield: 
 butere he departed the City heproclamed the Rendsz,votis at Som^ for his fouldiers there to M 
 meer. Himfch' now dedicated unto the goddefs f'/ff cm, the Temple, which inthe time ofhis 
 CurulejEdiiefliiphe took order to be built;, with the money railed ofcertain fines taken ofper- 
 fons t ondemned. Then took he his journey to the army . and fo went forward from Sor.t dired- 
 ly into. s\??w««w, to the camp of his brother Conful. But the Sainnitsdiliruiiing themfelves, as 
 not able to withf^and two armies, werediflodged, and departed back : and the Confuls alfo par- 
 ted one from another, fundry way;;, to wafiethecountry , and affault the towns, Pcjlhumius j 
 atbiiirff coming, aflayedby mcer force to alTail the town Mtlwnut, and feeing he could do \ 
 fmall good that way, at Irngth by rolling trenches and platforms, he approached dole to the \ 
 wa Is, and wan it: andaibeitthe town were thus forced, yet there continued a fharp and long 
 V'^Tl*""' fight in all (Iretts and parts thcieof, from the * fourth hour of the day until the eighth, with N 
 the morning doubtful and variable eventsfora good while; but in the end the Romans became maflers of the 
 until two in' town. Of Samnits were flain 3200 and 4100. were taken prifoners : betides the gaining of other 
 iheafternoon. booty and pillage. Fromthence, he ledforththe legions to FerentifiHtn-, but the inhabitants 
 with their bag and baggage, and all that ever they could drive orcarry, had quit the town inthe 
 flill night fealcn and departed in great filence at a contrary poflern gate, which opened from 
 the ramp of the enemy. The Conful fofoon as he was come, at the firlf approached the walls, 
 as well appointed end provided of ailthirgs,asifhe fhould havefound asmuch to do, as it Mi- 
 lionra : but aftawnd^. perceiving all lilent and defolate throughout the City, feeing neither men 
 normunition within the towers and upon the walls ; he held back his fouldiers, delirous and 
 greedy to enter upon the bare walls, fo abandoned and disfurnillicd of defence : and doubtin" to o 
 fallheidlongere he were aware, intothe trains of fome hidden and privy ambufli, he romman- 
 dcdtwoConetF of the Cavalry oFLatine confederates, to ride about the walls about thecoun- 
 terfcarp, and well to view and conf derail pl.KCs. The horlemen finding one or two gates neer 
 together (landing wide open, and in the very fame ways that led trom thence, the frefli tracks and 
 foorineof theencTiiies as they fled bynight;rode foftly neererand ncercr to the gate<;;and there 
 they might fee flraightaforethem fafe entrance,and the City lying open even from oneend to the 
 other: whereupon they brought wordback to theConful^ that the City was abandoned, and the 
 
 enemies
 
 The Eighth Boo^ofT.hWiUs. 3o<? 
 
 Aenemiesgone: which was very evident ard apparent,aswellby the very foHtudechereof, as the 
 new and tieih marks and tra'.es of their dillodging and departure ; as alio by the (hiff and "oods 
 that lay here and there f.atcered all abroad.whiies they hallned fearfully in thedark, totaket'heir 
 flight. The ConluJ upon this report, with his hoit drew to that lide of the town, vvhich the 
 , horlcmen were at: and pitching down liisenligns not tar irom the gate, commanded five other 
 1 horemen to enter into the Cuy; giving order, that when they had gone forward a pretty way, 
 threeot tliem llioiildltay behind in the lame place. if they faw alll'afeand out of danger ; and the 
 other twojbring himword what they had feen and found. Who being returned, made relation 
 that they were gone io far as rhey might tee about them every way into all parti-Sj could perceive 
 Bnothingbtiti-.lcnceand vali defoiation all about, both far andneer': thenforthwitb, the Conful 
 entred the City,with certain cohorts lightly appoinied,and charged the rclf in the mean while to 
 fortifie the camp. The louldiers being once entred, fell to break open the doorsrwhere they found 
 a few hlly old lolk, and \omt feeble and di'eafed peifons, with fuc h moveables as were hard to be 
 comeighedand tranfported rthofethe) rifled, and ranfackt ; and by certain captives they under- 
 nood,thatdivers other towns thereabout, were all with one accord fied and oone: andasfor 
 their own countrymen, they departed at thehrit watch ofthe night, and they thought no other 
 verily but that intherdi of the Cities, they fliou.d find the like emptinefs and folitude. And as 
 the priloners laid, fo it proved indeed : and the Conful poflefled himfelfof ibofe forlorn and aban- 
 doned towns. 
 C TheotherConfuiyJ/. v^rr/Av/r. had foealie war for his part: who as he was marchinowith 
 his Legions toward Lnccr:a, which he heard was beiieged by theSamnits : the enemy encountred 
 andmet himinthe very entry ot the frontiers: and gave him battel: and the an"erand indignati- 
 on on both parts, but the end and iilue more heavy and dolorous on theRomans fide: bofh be- 
 caule they were not u:ed to be vanquifhcd; and alio for that in the very loole and retreat, rather 
 then in combat and skirmilb, they found that many more were hurr andflain of their part 
 Which (earful fight and terror-, as it began in the camp, ifit had fuiprized them in theconflift' 
 it wouid have been an heavy day with them 5c tio doubt they had received a notable oveithrow' 
 And even then, being as it was, they had a careful night, and full of anguifli, thinking verily that 
 the Samnit? would prefently affauk their camp, oratiealf wife that in the morninp betimes thev 
 D mull of necefllty fight with theconquerors. But theenemies, as their lofs was iefs" fo their hearc 
 and courage was never the more: Forfofoonas the day brake, defirous were they to be "one 
 without any battel. Howbeit there was bur one way;&: that lay dole andneer to their enetnies' 
 which they were not fofoon entred into, but they made fliew a far ofF,as if they marched llraioht 
 to the alTau't of the camp.The Conful commanded his men to arm,and to follow after him wi'th- 
 out the ramparts. To his Lieutenants, Colonels and Captains of the Allies, he "ave feveral charoes 
 to do as he thought needful and requifite. They all promifed to execute any direflion whatfoe- 
 ver; but they faid withal, that their louldiers hearts were done, that they had watched nndfitup 
 all night, amonglf thegrievous wounds and uncomfortable groans of thcmthac lay adyincr: and 
 nodoubtif the enemy bad come before day againlt the camp, fo daunted were they, rhat they 
 E would have abandonca their colours:and even now for very (oame and nothing el fe they forbare 
 indeed to run a way, but otherwifetheir hearts were gone, and they clean fpent. The Conful hear- 
 ing this-,t bought good to go obout him elt in perlon,unto every one of his louldiers and to fpeak 
 unco them: and even as he met with any ot them, and faw them fo backward, and ^Tomc about 
 fo coldly to take arms and weapon in hand ; he checked and rebuked them : cryin^" aloud and af- 
 kingwhy they fat (iill? why they loitered and made fuch delay ? faying, that theenemies would 
 come to them within the very camp, and cut their throats, unlefs they made more haRe to fally 
 forth :yea, and forced they ("hould be to fight before their tent doors, it they would not "ive bat- 
 tel without the trench and ramparts. They that are armed flaith he) and will fight manfully, Hiall 
 obtain undoubted vi6tory : but the unarmed and naked man chat attendeth the enemies coming, 
 F muft either die for it, or endure captivity. As he rated and rebuked them inthefe tearms. theyan- 
 fwertd flntly again;that they had enough of yetterdays work, and were utterly done;and had nei- 
 ther flrengtb nor blood left them in their bodies: and now the enemies (lay thty) feemmorein 
 number then they were the day before. Amid thefe fpee^hes the army 3pproached:and beincpow 
 but a little way off they might take a full view of them niorecertainlv, and fee every thing.VVher- 
 upon they faid confidently, that they faw the Samnits to bring with them tbeirlfakes and p?les to 
 calf a palliit'ado, no doubt, roundabout their whole camp, /^tthis the Conful cr'ed out upon 
 ihcm tor very fliame to fuffer fo foul a reproach and difgrace ofa moft dallardly enemy.' And fhal 
 " we be (qnoth he)befet and empaled within our own camp, thereto die for h'in?er and f^'mine 
 '' withfliame. rather tiict) by edge offword f if there be nootbcrrerned") with honor,likemen? 
 G''Tne gods fpeed us welKquothhc) and their will be done ; and do every man is he thinks '^ert: 
 " as for //. ^ff///«ftheConlul, heisrefoKed e'.en himfeif alone (if no manelfe will follow) to 
 • iriect the enemy in the face, nnd rather bebeatcn down and dieamon<zft theSammts enfgns, 
 " thin fee the Roin,m-5mp beiieged with ^-trcn-hcift, and rampart raifcd obo;u ir.' 'The Lieu- 
 tenants Colonels, and allthebandsand Coronets of the Cn airy. yea. and theDrinrip-tJCenturi- 
 o-s o* the^ormoflcompanie^ liked well ofthi^.and arreptcd theConfnl hi; words.Then thefoul- 
 d'f rs for Hark fliame full faintly take vveapon in hand and a^ flo.vly (iod wor,f;o forth ofc^mp. 
 And thu.i in long ranks and filesj not dole uninted together bur broK.en here and there, with hea- 
 vy
 
 2o6 The Tenth Boo\pfT,hWms. 
 
 vy cheer, and asmenhalf vanqiiiilKd already, they marched after a fort toward the enemy, who j. 
 was neither in hope nor in heart better reiblved and fetled then they. For lo loon as the Samnits 
 dilcovcred the Roman Standards, I'uddenly from the vanguard to the rereguard, there went a 
 mutterii5g and bruit from one to another, that the Pvomans'were come forrh (the only thing they 
 always feared) to empeach and Hop their paOage, fo as now there was no way for them to fly and 
 efcapefromthcmjandlavethemfeives, but mult either die in the place, or flay their enemies and 
 make a land even over their bodies. All their packs and fardels; they call together upon an heap in 
 the midll; and being armed as they were, every man ranged and marfliallcd themlelves in their 
 own arrays. Now was there a very little fpace between the two armies^ and they flood lookii*^ 
 one upon anotlier, wsidng when their enemies would begin to give the firft charge, and fet up the I 
 lirrtftiovit.But neither of both had anyliomackto fight.'Andfurely onboth f^des they had oone 
 funJry ways untouched, and without any blows given or taken but that they feared both Jefl if 
 they had difmsivhed of one part firft, the other would have come upon them. Thus of themfelves 
 they began a faint fight,as unwilling andloath thereto, with an uncertain aud unequal fhout;nei- 
 therflirred any man one foot. Then the Roman Conlul; tobegin tneskirmifh,fent outfomet'ew 
 Cornets ofhorfmenfromaiide,without theb2ttai;ions:wherof the moflpart fel from their hor- 
 les, and others were diiarrayed and put out of order : whereupon both Samnits ran out to kill 
 thofe that were fallen, and Romans alio to refcue their fellows. Then the skirmifn began a little 
 to wax hot: but the Samnits advanced forwardm greater number far, and bellirred themfelves 
 fas it feemedj more luflily : and withal, the Roman horiemen being difordered and in confufionj K 
 with their horfes affrighted irodundertheirfeetthefoctmen that came to refcue. Who begin- 
 ning once to fliejcaufedthe whole Roman army alfoto.turn their backs. And now the Samnits 
 played upon the backs of the Romans, as they fled : whereat the Conful rode before a gallop to 
 the camp gate, vyherehebeilowed a good carp; di^ gt^rd oi ho\:(cmet), oppofitein the vvay : and 
 made proclamation, that whofoever came toward thecamp, were he Samnit or were he Roman 
 fhould be taken and ufed as an enemy. With ihefe and lii> h like threats, he put himfelf at^ainll 
 the fouldiers, that marched fo fall in heaps to the camp. Whither away flrrah, (quoth he to eve- 
 ry fouldier that he met) even here flialt thou find men in a ms to fight withal; here flialt thou 
 meet with thine enemy, as well as in the field behind • no entring here into the camp without 
 viaory,fo Ipng as thy Conful liveth : chule therefor^ whether thou hadif rather fi^ht with thy I- 
 owncountrimen or thine enemies. Whiles the Conlnl entertained them with this welcom the 
 horfemenalfo with fpear in refl, and bent hill againfl them, came all about, chargintj the footmen 
 upon their peril to turn again to battel. Thus not only the Conful his vertue and prowefs ferved 
 in good flead, but fortune alfo went on their fide : for the Samnits followed not the chafe fo hard 
 but that the Romans had both time and ground enough to turn about their enfi,"ns and to di- m 
 re6t their battaiilons from their camp againfl the enemy, Then one encouraged another to oo to i 
 battel again. The Centurions fnatched the banners out of the bearers hands,and advanced them 
 forward: declaring to their fouldiers, how few the enemies were in number, and how diforder 
 ly and out ot all array they came againfl them. In this while the Conful lift up his hands to hea 
 ven, and with a clear and andible voice, vowed a Temple to J->p:ter Stator, if to be the Roman M 
 army flayed their flight, and by renuing the confliafliould^kiUand.vanquifli the Samnits Leoi 
 ons. Hereupon endei cured they on ah hands, the Captain and fouldier, both horiemen and 
 footmen, to re-enloice the battel. And even the very gods from heaven feemed to have a foe 
 oalregnrdof theRomansatthatiime, fo quickly the dice turned, and the enemies were re 
 piilfed trom the ramparts, andwithina fmall whileforccdagainto the very place where the bar 
 relbegan. Whereby reafon of their fardels and packs which they had heaped tocether in the 
 midlt, and now lay ih their very way, they weteflopped in their very pafla^e, and for fear led 
 their goods fliould be rifled and fpoiled, they call a ring round about their bao and banogoe Then 
 the Roman Inainrry afront, and the Cavalry behind, tompaflcd them, and char-edupo°n'them 
 right fiercely: wherein the midflbetween, they were eitherfiain or taken. The prifoners were N 
 mnuinberyj-oo who were all put naked underthcyoak, and fold : the number of them that 
 were flain was about 4^0-. The Rom-ins for all this had no great liM to boafl and bra" of their 
 vidory for ihe Conful taking view and account of his lofs thefe two d.iys, found bvcomnutari 
 on, that he miffed 7500. / >-vj'njJuidu 
 
 Whiles thefe things thus pafl'cd in ^;>.v/y^,the Samnits with another power.affaved to furorize 
 
 andgetagam W^.;..,,.nColony<.ftheRom.ns:flt,mcupnntheLatinehigh-U:butvvh^^^ 
 they could not be maflcrs of the tovvn, they overran and pltmdcred die territory : and hal!!^'o" 
 a good booty of men. women, and cattel. one with another ; whiles they were drivin. the ?ame 
 before them, together with certain Coloners whom they had taken prilbners. they ilohc upon 
 Confn as he returned with v idory from Luceri. : where they not onlV lofl their Ipoil, "but were n 
 themfelves flamasthcymarchd difoiderlyin longfiles. The Conful Lde proclamatoTTSt 
 ^^:'^^'''^^^T''^^'^'"'r'''' ^^"°°vv"and challenge hisown goods, andtoreceive 
 thclame again: and there,Icav,ng his army, went to ^«,,;r,againlt the Eleftionof new Magiflrates 
 When belaboured inflant y for a triumph , he was denied that honor ; both for tbarhe h d S 
 wiZuSertp^nfiof ^--'•^^'-h^dP-'-captivesunder the gallows, andfoldthim! , 
 _ The other Cof.i'.//.;/^,;^,, wantingfubjea matter of war to work upon among the Samnits, 
 
 pafl'ed
 
 The Tenth Boo{ofT, Livius, 007 
 
 A pafled with his army into Tufcany : and after he had firft pilled and ipoiled the Volfinians terrico, 
 ry, he gave them battel not far trom their Wc^lls, who idued forth to defend their frontiers; where 
 there were 22co.Tufcans{lain: therert, byreafonth.(t theCity was loneer, efcaped and faved 
 themfelves. Then led he his army into the territory of /J(i/<://«w, w he; e he not only laid the fields 
 walte,but won the town alfo: took prifoners abosetwo thoufand and flew under twothoufand 
 before their walls. Howbeit, in that year, the pea.e obtained in Hcnurta-, was more honorable 
 and renowned then the war hadljeen. For three of the Ifrongeh and mo(f pwiflant States, even the 
 very Capital Cities of Tufcany, to wit,Ftf/yJ«/i, P««/7^, and v^>-«;;.'»;,dehred accord. And havincr 
 conditioned with the Conlul.and promiled. to find his fouidiers clothing and corn.fo they mioht 
 Bhave leave to lend Orators to /?<?»-;? to treat for peace, obtained at length a truce of forty years. 
 Andforthatprefent, each City was fined to pay * 5oooooAfles. tor thefea^s done, theConful 
 having requeued triumph oftheSenat, for manner and fifliion, rather then upon any hope to „^^^**^«*'''*1 
 fpeed: and perceiving fome ofthemtodeny himflatly^ as pretending, that it was fo lateerehe 
 departed thcCity iand other fome, for that without order anddirediion oftheSenat, hepafled 
 GWioiS.immum into Tn[cd-iy znd that partly his adverfaries, &: partly the friends of hisCollef^ue, 
 who might take fome comlort and contentment, that healfo had the repiilfe with him; were a- 
 gainft his triumph : My Maikrs (qnoth he)you that are Senators oi Rome-tl wil notbe fofar mind- 
 ful of your honor and majelty, as that I willforget myfelf tobea Conful: andby vertueofthe 
 fame authority of commifl"ion,whercwith I have i.ondu>5ted and managed thefe wars; forfomuch 
 C as, I have happily brouoht them to end, and fubdued Sammum and Tu[cMy^ atchieved vi£lory, 
 and obtained peai.e ; triumph I will, and ask you no leave. And with that he departed out of the 
 Senit. After this, there aroie a debate and difl'ention among the Tribuns of the Commons. Soma 
 cfthemfaidjthey would enterpole theirnegative,thathefhouldnotin this manner triumphjand 
 give fo i!la precedent. Others ga\e out, that they would affilf him in his triumph, mau^rethe 
 heads of alliheirColiegues- After much ado, the matter was referred unto the people, and the 
 Conful being thithercalled, alledged.that L.f/or<2N«j,and Mar.Fdcrnis Con:uls,a!fo»C<«/«/ A^ar- 
 r;«/ /?«n7;«^ of late days, even the father of him, who then wasCenfor, triumphed without the 
 authority and approbation of Senat, only by the ordinance of the peopl£. Over and befides, he 
 added and faid, thathimfelfalfo would have moved the people therein,but that he knew that the 
 D Tribuns ofthe Commons, who were become vafl'als and flaves to the Nobles, wouldhavenip- 
 pedandcroffed thebill. Asfor himfelf, heprotelkd, that he did and would account ofthe will 
 and favour ofthe people, agreeing together, as well as of all their A.^3 and Decrees whatfoever. 
 So the morrow after, by the aflifiance of three Trib. banded againlf the oppofition and negative 
 voices of feven yea, and againd the general refolution of theSenat;he triumphed: and all the peo- 
 ple with great joy folemnized and celebrated the honor of that day. But the records do vary much 
 about the aftsand affairs of this year alfo, Claudius writeth. That Pofihrimius ha\'wg\\on cer- 
 tain towns in Samnium.wis after in Af/.lia difcomfited and put to flight: and that himfelf in per- 
 fon being hurt, was with fome few behdes^driven to take Luceria for refuge : and that it was At- 
 f/7;7«, that fought in Tufca-:y-, and triumphed. f./Z-Zwconrrarilyreporteth, That both Confuls 
 E warred in 5<jw>2'«w,and at Luceria : and that one ofthe armies was tranfported into Tufcany: but 
 which ofthe Conful? had the conduit thereof, he hath not fet down withal : alfo that before Lh- 
 «)-;Vi. there were on both parts many (lain: andhowin that battel, there was a Temple vowed 
 to J/tpiier Siator^Yike as Romulus bzddonz beforein times pa(t : howbeit, before thistime, there 
 wasno Temple eredled, but only a F.jwww, [/. a place pronounced, deflined, and confecrated be- 
 fore to build a Temple on.] But in this year at la(f, the City being now twice bound and oblioed 
 to perform one and the fame vow, made a confcienceofit, and moved the Senatto decree and 
 takeordcr, that the houie and temple aforefaid fhould be edified accordingly. 
 
 After this year, there fucceedcd a brave and noble Conful, L. P/tpyrius Cu.for^ as well in regard 
 of his fathers gloryx as his own reputation. Alfo a mighty great war, and fuch a viftory as nevec 
 F anyCeneral wan thelikeat theSamnits hands before that day, hut L. PdpyriusaguDihcCon^als 
 father. And as it fell out they made the like preparation for w3r,with the fame endeavor and fur- 
 niture of moftcoffly and brave armor, as before time. Moreover,theyulcd the help and favor of 
 the gods befides, by a flrange kind of induilion and inflitution of the fouidiers, bindin^' them to 
 take their oatb, after an old ceremonial cullom, as it they were to take orders in fome holy myfte- 
 ries ; yea, ?nd levied mufters throughout all Samnium-, after a new form of a law and edidt : That 
 whofoever of the younger fort and lerviceable men, fit to bear arms, fliewed not themfelves, and 
 gave attendance at the Generals appoinrment and proclemation, and whofoever departed with- 
 out his leave and licence, his head fhould be forfeit unto Jupiter \s accurfed and damned. Which 
 done, the /Jf«iii?~t'o«^ was appointed at Wf«'/(5»/V?, for all the forces to aflemble. Where there 
 Q gathered together, to the number of forty thoufand fighting men, even the whole flower and 
 mznhood oi Sam>uum. There, about themidfl of the camp, was a plot of ground fet out, well 
 fenced and enclofed all about with hurdles and boords, and the fame covered all over with linnen 
 doaths: the plarevvas two hundred foot I'quare, everyway. Then there was a folemn facrifice 
 celebrated and divine fervicefaid, accordingtoanorderreadout of an old book made of lin- 
 nen, and the fame by a certain Prieft, one Ovius Paccius, a very aged man : who avouched, that 
 he fet thefe facred and holy ceremonies from the old ancient Religion ofthe Samnits, according 
 to the manner and cu.^om, whiv-h in times paft their ancdtors had ufed, at what time as they 
 
 cemploited
 
 2o8 ^^^ Tenth BooJ{ofT.LWms. 
 
 complotted fecretly and confpired,tofurprire Capua out of the Tufcans hands. VVhen the facrifice H 
 wasdone, the General of the army by hisPorfevant acarmsjcommanded tocite and call forth by 
 name, the nobletlperlons, either for parentage, or a6ls atchieved : who were brought into the 
 place aforcfaid, one by one. Amongrt otherpreparations ofthis facredfo'.emnity f which were 
 abletodrikea religious fear and devotion in a mans mind) there werecertain altars ere(51ed in 
 the midil of this place cloiely covered in all parts, and fatrihtes lying flain ail about, and the Cen- 
 turions Handing round with their fwords ready drawn.Then the louldier was cauled to approach 
 neer the altars f like a fairifice himfelf, rather then one that fl-iou!d have his part of the lacritice) 
 and ur?ed by vertue otan oath, to promife, that he would never uvter abroad and reveal, whatfo- 
 ever he there fliould fee or hear. Afterward he was puttolwear, after an horrible and dreadful I 
 form of words, framed and tending exprefly tothe curling of his own perfon, his houfe andall 
 his race and linage, in cafe, he went not into any battel, whereloevei the Generals fliould lead 
 him, and i f either himlelf fled out ot the field, orfavv any one to run away, and flew him not 
 outright in the place. At the firft verily, fome there were thatretufed to take fuch an oath, and 
 prefently were maffacred by the Altarsfide.Andlyingtherealongtogether with the bealfs, which 
 had their thtoats cut for facrifices, they ferved for a warning to teach all the tell how they made 
 refufal. When the chief of the Samnits had taken this abominable and curfed oath, tenofthem 
 v/ere eleifted and nominated by thefoveraignCaptain.who everyone had in charge to chufe him- 
 felf a fellow, and they likewifefuccefTively to take other to them, man by man, until they had 
 made up the number of 1 5oco. And theie were called Lmieata Legw [/'. the linnen Legionjtaking K 
 the name of the covering of that inclofure,wherin the Nobility of the Samnits were fworn.Thele 
 had given unto them brave and glorious armoi, with helmets crclfed and plumed, becaufe they 
 fliould fecm taller then the re(f . Another army there was, confiBing of twenty thoufand and bet- 
 ter, who neither in goodly and tall perfonsge, nor in martial pro wefs and reputation, nor yet in 
 furniture and fettingout. wereinferiourto the linnen Legion aforefaid. Lo, what a number there 
 was of fighting menjcven the whole flrength and manhood of all 5rf«?«;«w,3fi"embled and encam- 
 ped in A<jwloyi a. 
 
 The Roman Confuls took their journey from the City of /?()»;<•, andC. Carvllim firll ; unto 
 whom were appointed the old Legions, which M. ^fr;7/»itheConlul of the former year, had 
 left in the territory of /rt(f^»twa.f. And with tbem he marched into J^wji/^w;. And, mean while ;t 
 that the enemies were over much buhedand amufed about their fuperflitiousceremonies,and held 
 theirfecret and mylHcal councels, he won by force from the Samnits, the los^vs AmiternHm. 
 Where almoft 2 ?co. men were flain, and 4270. taken prifoners. But P.^/j/j/w/, having by dire- 
 £lion from the Senat enrolled a new army, forced the town D^roiia ; took fewer prifonersthen 
 his Collegue, but in lieu thereof, put many more tothe fword. A rich booty there vvasgot,both 
 in the one place and the other. Afterwards the Confuls overran the whole country oi' Samai' 
 fir», but they fpoiled and waHed efpecially thelands about Attuiu)?f. Carv.lius marched as far as 
 CominiHm^iTid I'nf>yntis lo Aquilonra^ where the whole power of the Samnits lay encamped. 
 There, for a good while they neither fat Hill, and werealtogeiheridlein thecamp, nor yet was 
 there any hot fer\ ice in the field. They fpent the time in provoking them to fight, that gladly jjj 
 would havefittenftill ; or in lying off and giving ground, to thofe that aflailed them: and thus, 1 
 fay, with threatning,ratherthen ofiisring battel, they pafiediheday. For whiles they beganever 
 and anon, and gaie over as quickly, there wasnoiflnefeen of any skirmifhes; Ji the decifion even 
 ofifmall matters and occurrenis were prolonged and put off from day to day. Theothercamp of 
 theRom.inslay twenty miles off : and albeittheother Conful wasabfent yet his hand andcoun- 
 felwas in every enterprife and exploit. For as there lay a greater weight and charge at Aquiioniay 
 thenar rowi.^/««( : fofi?rW/»i had a more careful eye that way, then to the place which himfelf" 
 belieged. L. Prf^Jir/M^ being now at all points provided to fight, difpatched a meffenger to his 
 Colegue, tofignifieuntohim; that he minded the next day, if he were not checked by the Au- 
 fpicesto give the enemy battel: and withal, that it was expedient and needful that he llkewifej^ 
 fliould with all his forces a ffaultCo»3/»y«w ; that the Samnits within, might have neither means 
 nor leiii:re to fend any fuccour to Aqmlon-a. This po(i had that one day allowed him to doe his 
 mefTige, and attend his difpatch ; and by night he made return, and brought word unto the 
 Confiil from his Collegue, that heliked wellof hispurpofeandadvice. P,~prius then immedi- 
 atly difm'ifled and fent away the courrier aforefaid, and aflembled his fouldiers to an audience, 
 wheie he difcourfed at large concerning war in general. Much befpakealfo as touching the pre- 
 fentprepiiation and magnificent furniture of the enemies, more brave and goodly for fhewand 
 oflentation theneffeaualand of imporrani.e intheend : '• For they are not the plumed crcfis 
 '* (quoth he) that give the deadly wounds, but iheRomans fpear and lance it is, that is able to 
 ^' pierce their guiidcd and damasked fliields: yea, and that other glittering army with milk white q 
 " diipercoats mn(} be died red in blood, when theycometo firoaks, and to try it out by dint 
 ''offword. The golden and filvered armies ofthe Samnits, werefometimes by my father put 
 ** tothe fword, and killed to the la(f man : and they ferved rather for rich fpoils to honour the 
 '• \ icforious enemy, then for armor ofproof, to defend and favethemfelves. This is a fatal gift, 
 '*andde(lined to our name and family, for to be chofen Generals, and to be oppofed againf^ the 
 *' createH puiff^nce and attempts of the Samnits, and to bring away with them, thofe fpoils 
 •' which might be ornaments to beautifie the publick places ot the City. And the immortal gods 
 
 • no
 
 The Tenth Boo\ofT. Livius. gog 
 
 j^" no doubt are prefent to defend ardaffift us in our quarrel, againft thofe that fo oft have fbnoht 
 ''lor peace and alliance, and as olcen broke the fame thcmfelves. Andifa manmay ccnjcdl'Jre 
 '■^ and guefsot the will and providence otthe Gods, they never were to any army more adverfe 
 "and lull of indignity, then to that, which being Ihined r.nd poikucd with, the blood of hearts 
 " and men. maflacitd and mingled together in an horrible and execrable kihd offacrifice; and de- 
 '"vowed to a double anger of the gods, having indread and horror of one (ide, the \enoecince 
 '• of the famegodsiwitcellss off their breach of covenants with the Romans; and onthe^other 
 "fide the detellabie and abominable curies, comprifed in an oath, taken agsinlf all coven.mr-and 
 " promife ; hath fvvorn by conllraintand perforce ; hatethanddctefkth the oath whereby tney 
 £ "-are perjured, and atone time, is in fearofche gods, ot their ownfches, and their enemies^ 
 Thus having fhewed unto his fouldiers (whovvere already of themleivsh^diy and malitiouflye- 
 nough bent againit the enemies^ that he had certain intelligence of all diefc things, by the con- 
 Ihnt relation averred by certain tugiti\esth.u were fled from them unto him ; tbeva 1 beinu now- 
 full of allured hope ofCjods help and mans, with oneuniforuT'Cry called for battel: andKciihin": 
 grieved them more then this, Thatit was put off until the nneriow ; hating m their heartsthe 
 rert of that day behind, and that one night, for being fo long. About mid-night, /".i^jma ha- 
 ving received letters back from his CoLegue, gat him npclofely when all were hi} afleep,and fenc 
 the chick-malterto take token, &: oblerve the prefage of the pullets. There was not one throu"h- 
 out the vvtiolecamp, of what quality or degree foever but had a dellre to fighr. The hirhe/f°as 
 Q well as the lowelt were e.!rne!f and eager : the Captains mifht behold and fee the fontdiersaffe- 
 ■ tVion and courage that way, and tbefouldier iikevvife the Captains ; info much that the Aime ar- 
 dent dehre of battel which was in all the re(l,reachcd alfo even to thofe th.u had the ch.?roe of the 
 Auipiccs. For when as the chickens would not peck, the chi:k mailer adventured to" Jye and 
 ialhhe the token, and made report to the Confiil, that it was * Tnp-jclum fdifiinnsm. Whereat * Thidiic- 
 the Conilil right glad and joyous pronounced that the token was lucky, and that they were to ''so' fell to 
 fightundsriliefavouraudconduftofthegods; and hereupon he put forth thelignal or bloody cr"^r"h'° 
 banner of b-utei. As he was now marching forth into the held with his army, beho!d afi''c;itive wifh^heir h»- 
 out ofthe enemies camp, brought word, that twenty cohorts orcompanies of Samnits, and thofe fly feeding^ ' 
 were about 4oo,in a cohort, were gone to Commwm. And becaufe his Collcgue Carvilivt fliould ^"'"^ '"'" =^'* 
 £j not be ignorant hereof., be preientiy difpatched a ciirrierin poft untohim, and him elfcomman- ^f°""hc:r bils 
 ded the Enligns and Standards to be advanced and fet forward vvichfpeed, ordainin^'the bands Indreboun" ' 
 in theTerew3rdforfuccoiirs,anddifpo)'ng them indivers places, with Captains over the fame, dedsgiinrsnd 
 accordingly. He appointed L.^tf/».«'V^'«i to lead the right wing, and L, ^f^^/o the left, and the t^'s wasTiipa- 
 horfemen hecommitted tothecondud of tvvoother Lieutenants, C.Ced-titis^ znd Trebovims. '^''"" ^'-^ 
 ^s for Sji. N.utt-.us-, hecharged him in all ha(fe to take off the pack-faddles from the Mules, and t'hdr'lcanir 
 to mount thecohorts of ihelight armed footmen that ferve in the wings, upon their backs, and wss'renmed 
 with them to fetch a compaf-:, and to leize upon an hill there in ht'ht,and in the heat ofthe con- '!>« beft Au- 
 fli61:,to Tnew himfelf from then, e and to raiieasgreat adond of dull as poffibly he could. Whiles fp'C'um'ntha!: 
 the General was occupied hereabont, there arofe feme warbling amonglfthe cbicken-malfers (j'ee^d m''ft '^^' 
 £ touching the Aufpice orprefage of that day ; info much as they were over heard ofthe Roman bappy fucc. fs, 
 horfemeo ; who fuppofing it a matter of good confequence and to be regarded, advertifed SnPa- 
 fyriHs (theConfuls Nephew,orBrotheriSon)that there was fomedoubt and quell ion about the 
 Aulbice. The youth born in thofe d.iys when there were no. -AtheiRs, norLeStures read of de- 
 fpiling God and Religion ; enquired farther into the matter, becraife he woidd not certifie any 
 thing wherof he was notfure: and when he had found out the truth, gave knowledg thereof to 
 the (Jon'ul: who faid thus unto him, "God blefstheemy fon. and be not thou difm.iyed therat, 
 *' butfight hardly more valiantly, and do thy belf endeavour. Asforhimthjt has the charge and 
 " over/ight ofthe Birds and Aufpice, if he havemadea wrong report, andgivcnup aconrrary 
 ^'prefsge or fa!fefign;all the mifchiefand peril light upon his own head for his lewd lye. As forme 
 p " I was told of a 7r/pW(«w,and that the birds fell heartily to their meat:and I hold it for a lucky 
 " Aufpiceand token of good fuccefs unto thepeople oiRo.r.e and the army,and forno other.This 
 faid,he comm.anded the Centurions to f=t thofe pui!etors,in the forefront ofthe battel. The Sam- 
 nits alfo for their part fct forward their En(igns,and their battaillcns follow after gallantly let ouc 
 in j^orgeous armor and brave apparrel, infuch fort, as the very fight of the enemies reprcfented a 
 magnificent and (lately flvew to the beholders.But fee whnt hspncd ; before the firll Hiout given, 
 before the firft volly of fbot and encounter, the principal Pulleticr chanced to be flricken with 
 a javelinjanced at aventure and atrandom,and fell down dead even before the Enfigns.W'hich be- 
 ing reported unto theConful, " Behold the handy work of God (quorhhej the gods sre prefent 
 *' in this battel, theguiltyperfon hath his due reward. And as the Conful vvasa fpeakingthefe 
 Q words lo.)uft before him aRavenfet cut a wide cIejrthro.it, and cried with a loudnoterat which 
 Augury, the Cof. rejoiced, and avowed, that the gods appeared never in mens aftairs moreevi- 
 dently.And herewith he commanded the trumpets to found, and tofetupa luHyfliout: then fol- 
 lowed a cruel and terrible fight on both fides, but with hearts and courages far unlike. The Ro- 
 mans wereraviflied and carried on end to the battel, with anger,hopeand heat of conflict gicedy 
 of bathing their fwords, and embruing their hands in the enemies bloodfhcd. But the Samnits 
 many of them by force of necefiity andco-ftrainc of a blind and fuperllitious religion, even a- 
 gainlUheir wills, were forced to make reliftance j and defend themfe'ves rather then to fight 
 
 and
 
 2IO The Tenth BooJ\ofT. LWius. 
 
 and offend the enemy. Neither had they fuftained and held out the firft fii out, charge and 'H 
 (hock ot the Romaua *^as having now for certain years palt been ufed ever more to go away defea- 
 ted and vanquifnedj but that a mightier fear imprinted and fetled in their heart roots, heid them 
 perforce from running away: for they ever had continually reprefented in their eye, the whole 
 furniture ot that fecret facrifice ; of thofe armed facrificers and Prielis with naked fwordsjof that 
 hideous butchery ot men and of brute beaHs, lying flain one with another in their blood inter- 
 mingled together; ofthe Altars befprinkled and ftained with the lawful flTcdding of the one, 
 and°he deteliable effufion ofthe other;of the dreadful and horrible e>;ecrations;and to conclude, 
 of that frantick, ti'rious, and detethble form of words, compofed and devifed to the deteftation 
 and malediction of their line and race. Being faB bound, Ifay, v^ith thel'e bonds for tleeing a- | 
 way,thev lioodtoit, andllirrednot back, fearing their own countrymen more then the ene- 
 mies. The Romans from both points, and from the middle and main b.ut>iillon charged hot- 
 ly, beat them down, killed and cut them in pieces, thus amazed and allonied as theywerewith 
 dread of gods 2nd awe of man. Small rehftance made they, as whoonly fcuedto flie and runa- 
 way: fo as by this time, there was execution and havock made of them almolf to the very Stan- 
 dards. At which veryinltant, there appeared overthwart from the one tide adulf, as if a migh- 
 ty army had raifed it to their march; namely, Sp, Nautiiis (or as feme fay, OSiavius Metttu) 
 vvhohad the leading of certain Cohorts called >^/f?-/<e, mounted upon Mules, which onpurpofe 
 made a dud gre.uer, then tor that number they were. For thofe varlets and new horlemen, as 
 they fat on their Muies and Sumpter-beails, drew after them trailing on the ground, boughsofK 
 trees full of br jnches and leaves : and firlf , there appeared in the fore front ( as it were, through 
 aduskifh and dim light) their armour and guidons : but the dult behind them, riling higher " 
 andthicker, made fhew ofairoop ofhorfemenflanked an army of footmen : wherewith not 
 only the Samnits but Romans aifo were deceived, /ind theConful himfelt, toavow theerrot 
 andbearthemdownit waslo; cried aloud amonglf the formo ft Enhgns, fo as his voice reach- 
 ed unto his enemies, That Co»«/>/«w« was won, and his Brother Confulwas come with vifto- 
 ry; and therefore, they fhould endeavour and entorce themielves toget the day, belore thac 
 another army fhould win the honour out of their hands. Thus cried he out onhorfeback gallop- 
 ping among the ranks toandfro. Thenhecommanded the Colonels and Centurions, tomake 
 a way for the men of arms. Himlelf atore, had vi\\\zdilreboniMsit\dCednitis^ that when they £ 
 efpiedhim to bear his fpear upright and toflbakeit. then they (liould with all the might they had, 
 put torr.h the Cavalry and charge the enemies. Every thing was done at a beck, according ag 
 they were diredfed and iniiructed before- hand. The wayes were made wide between the files. 
 The horfemen fling but, and with fpear in refl charge upon the middle battaihon ofthe ene- 
 mies, and brake tneir arr jyes wherefoever they charged. VolHrnmus ind 5f;pc» feconded them 
 with the Infantry: and while they were dilarrayed overthrew themjand bare them to the ground, 
 Down went ihele linnenCohorts now, whenGodand man fought againft them, and were dif- 
 comtited : and as well thofe that took the oath, and the other that were unfworn, fled amain ; 
 andwithoutrefpecf ofonethingorother, feared none but their enemies. AH the footmen that 
 ef.aped the battel, were beaten into their camp at ^^«//u*?;^. The Gentlemen and the men of »» 
 arms fled toward 5ow^;^«w. The Cavalry of^the Romans purfued the horlemen, and the In- 
 fantry chafed the footmen. The wings took divers ways, the right toward the camp of the 
 Samnits, the left unto the Town, K/.;w«;«x was fomewhai before, and got the Camp. Sci~ 
 p/ofoundmorerefillancein the City : not for that vanquiflied men, as they were, had more cou- 
 rage and refolution, but becaule that walls are llronger CO endure anafl'ault; and better to keep 
 out armed men then a plain trench and rampart. For, from the Courtine, with flones they 
 beat ardrepulfed the enemy. i'c/;?/oforefeeing well enough that they fhould be longer abouc 
 the aliiult ofa fro.ng and fcrtced town,iJn:eishedifpatched the matter quickly and went through 
 with it, intheir flit .ifixight and confulion, before they took heart again: demanded of his 
 fouldiers, Ifrhey :ou.d t^keit well and abide to fee the camp won by the other point of jj 
 ihebattel; and thcm.clves f being. ikewife Conquerors) to be repelled from the City Gates? 
 When they .tli> rled,Ko ; and 'aid ihey would never endure that difgrace: himfelf with his tar- 
 get over hi; bead, 2pproachedtheg.ice,theothersfollowingafterundera target-fenfe, rufhinto 
 the City, tbrnii down the Samnits about the Gate, and gat to the Walls : but to engage them- 
 felves farther into the City, they durfl not, being fo few as they were. The Conful himfelfe at 
 thefirff knewnothingcf ill this, but was occupied about the retreat, and rallyingof his men : 
 for now the fun was well ncer down J and the night comming on apace, caufed every thing e- 
 ven to the very vid^ors to feem dangerous and fufpicious. But whenhewas advanced farther, 
 he faw on the right hand the camp taken: and on thelefc , he heard a confufed cry and tumult 
 in the City, compounded oft he noife of fighting men and frighted perfons: and even at that in- ^ 
 ftant, itiortuned that they skirmiflied at the gate. Then he rode on, neererandneerer, and (aw 
 his ownmen upon the Walls, howbeit nothing yet fully performed ; biu through the rafh adven- 
 ture and iool-hardincfs oflbmefew, an overture only made- and fome advantage got ofperfor- 
 ming a g'eat piece of fervice and worthy exploit. Whereupon, he commanded the forces thac 
 werereiircd tobccal!ed, and withbanner difplayed to enter theCity. So loon as they were 
 in, they took the next quarter to the Gate, and for thac the night approached, there they re- 
 Ikdj and went no farther, Buc even in that very night, the enemies abandoned the Town. 
 
 There
 
 The tenth Boo\of T. Livius. 5 1 1 
 
 /V There were flain that day before ^f«;7o«M 3034oSamnics, and ^870 taken prifoners: and of 
 field enfigns they went away with 50, Moreover, this is reported and recorded of /^fpvnaAthac 
 ihcre had not been lightly feen a General in any battel more iightiorr.e, chearfull, and merry ; 
 were it ofhis own natural difpofition,or upon aifured confidence of vidory. Upon which cou- 
 rage and refoluticnjhe could not be rev oked Rom battel,a!beit there was fome queftion and 11 ra- 
 pleabout the Aufpice : and even in the hottelt time,and dangerous point of the conllid, at what 
 time as the manner is to vow temples to the immortal gods : he vowed nmojupterfitlor. If fo 
 be that he defeated the Legions of theenemies^to prefcnc him with a cup of a fweet and pleafanc 
 meadjbeiore he drank any llrongand heady vvine of trie grape: which vow thegods accepted and 
 
 5 liked of, and turned the ill prefageof the Au. pices to good. 
 
 I heother ConfuU had as goodfpeed aiComtKinm- Forat thebreak of day he approached with 
 al! his forces to the wals of the town, andinveUed it round about : and fetflrong guards at the 
 gnes, tor fear they fliouldiluie or fally forth. And even as he was about to give the fignall of af- 
 lauk, there came a meflengcr poll from his feiiow Conf. who in great affright brought woid of 
 the coming of twenty cohorcs to the iuccour ofrhem within the City: which both kept hini 
 fnort from giving the aflault^and caufed him to call ba.k again part of his forces, which were ar- 
 ranged andrtady under the counterfcarp to afl'ail the defendants. Then hegavecharge to D(citis 
 BnuHs 5f<8-^,.',one ot the Licutenants,to take the firlf legion and twenty cohorts of the wirgs>and 
 other horfemen, to make head againft the refcue of the enemies atorefaid ; and wherefoever he 
 
 Q metthem,there to impeach them, yea,andifoccahon ferved, to give themb.:ttel; and in nocafe 
 to luffer that power to come to Cotninmni. Himfelf commanded that ladders fliould be reared on 
 every fide of the town,and under a fence of targets approached the gates. So that in^n inflant 
 tbegates were burii open, and the wals fcaled on every part. TheSamnits, as their hearts ferved 
 them well enough to keep the enemies from entrance, before they fav/any armed men upon the 
 wals :fo,afterthcy perceived, that they wereafl'ailed not aloof with fiones and darts, butfaft by 
 and with hand-Hrokcs: and how that they, who hardly and with great difficulty from the plain 
 gat up the wals, having now gained and furmounted the place ( which they moft feared before) 
 could fight at eafe from aloft with their enemy, who wasnocab'.etomatch them intheeven 
 ground ; quit their towers and wals, and gathered all together in the market place, and there for 
 
 jv a while tried the utmolt hazard ofbattel.But afterwards throwing down their weapons, 15400 
 of them yielded themfelves to theCenful his mercy. rherewereflaitl438o.Thus went thegamc 
 at ComtftifiWyind thus at AcjitUonia. 
 
 In the mid way between thefetvvo Cities, where a third battel was looked for, the enemies 
 were not to be found. And vvhen they were (even miles off trom Comimam, they had a counter- 
 mand from their own country-men, and were called away, and fo came not to the refcue, nei- 
 ther in the one battellnorthe other. In the fhutting in of the evening, when it began to be 
 dark, being within the fight of the Camp of one hand, and AqiiibniaoTn\\e.o\htt; they might 
 hear a like noife and cry from both parts, which caufed them to paufe. But afterwards, when 
 they were over-againft the Camp which was fired by the Roman<: ; the flame fpreadingfar 
 
 £ abroad declared the defeat of the Samnits more evidently, and (faied them tnere for going far- 
 ther. In which very place they laid down here and there in their armour ( as they were ) and 
 pafTed a refflefs and unquiet long night, expecting ( and yetfearing )thelight of theday. At the 
 dawning wherecf,and fo foon as it began to peep, while they were uncertain and doubtfull what 
 way to take, they hapned to be difcovered by thecavalry cf theenemies: and fnddenly inafear- 
 full amaze and affright, they took them to their heels and fled in great diforder. Thofe horfe- 
 men having purfued the Samnics, who in the night feafonefcaped out of the town, chanced to 
 efpy this forefaid inultitude, and perceived they were neither entrenched, nor defended with a 
 good corf! d'fjiard. This company was defcried alfo even trom the wals of yjqui/oni.i: where- 
 upon,by this time the legionary footmen likewife made after them ; but they could not overtake 
 f them in the chafe, fofall they fled : howbeit the horfemen cut off fome, and flew two hurdred 
 and fourfcore in the tail of therercguard. In this affright they left much annour behind them, 
 and eighteen enfigns, and fo the refl of the army laved themfelves, and as well asthey might in 
 fo fearful! confuIion_recovered Bovia-.tim. The joy of thcfe two Romans armies was wonderful- 
 ly cncreafed. to fee one another have fo good and fortunate fuccefs in their enterprifes. Both 
 the Confuis ; by each others advice and conlenr, g.n e their towns thus won unto the louldiers to 
 befacked and rifled :and afterthe goods were out, to fet fireon the empty houfes ; infuch wife, 
 that in one and the fame day both Aqu:bn:adiX\d Comniiitm were burnt to afhes: and theConluls, 
 with mutuall congratulation and joy, as well between their Legions as themfelves, feaflln^ one 
 another jovned both their Camps in one. Afterwards in the fight of both Armies,r.irW//« highly 
 
 G commended and pralfcd his fouldicrs every one as he dcferved,and rewarded them with gitts ac- 
 cordingly. I'.ipynm alio for his part, who had performed many and fundry sklrmiflTes as well In 
 the field and battel, as about the winning of the Camp and forcing the City, beflowed by way of 
 honour upon Sp.NMtittsM)d Sp.P.ipyrna hisbrochersfon, as alfo upon tour Centurions and the 
 band of the //.;/?.;,•: or J avelineers,bracelets and coronets of gold: and namely, A^.iwr/w,' tor that 
 he bare himfelf fo worthily in thar journey and e;:pedition, wherein with his countertcit troop 
 of horfemen upon Mules, he fo terrified the enemy, as if he had conduiled a main army of men 
 at armes : and young Pavyrim for his good fervice with his cavalry as well in the battel and con- 
 
 E e tli*ftj
 
 2t 
 
 7 he tenth Boo!\ofT. Livius. 
 
 fii£t asalfo in chat night wherein he forced the S>imnits to flie fecrecly, and quit the City ^t^.'u- H 
 hr.i.r. the Centurions and fouldier^, in this regard, thatthey were the firftvvhofcized the gates 
 andwals of that town: as forall thehorfemen, in conhderation of their manifold tra veil, and 
 brave exploits fliewedin fundry pi aces .he gave therr. bracelets and little horns of iiher.This done, 
 foraftnuch as it was time now to withdraw tlicir army from out oiSammfsm, either both twain; 
 or one of them alone ; they fate in Council and confukation thereupon : and thought it was the 
 better courfe (to the end that the Samnits might be brought lower, and their Hate more fcnfibly 
 dec3yed)to go fovwad (till, and charge them with greater force and refokuion, and to piirfiie the 
 re(f chat was^ehind ; that 5<?w«;/*w might be delivered rp totheConfuls their fuccefl'ois, ut- 
 terly tnmed andfubdued: imcc that the enemies now had no army abroad in field, lilve cither I 
 10 oive or abide another battel ; and there remained but one manner of making war, even to be- 
 {ie°e. and aflauk their Cities and flrong Towns ; by the winning and fubverfion whereof, they 
 tni^'ht with the pillage enrich and maketheir own fouldiers for ever,and withallimpoveriPn their 
 enemies.and make a'hand of them quite >emg now at the lali ca(i/orced to fight for Church and ■ 
 Home. Hereupon the Confuls difpacched their letters to the Senat and people of /^o?«<?,containing • 
 theefte(5latlar>'e ot all their exploks ; and then divided themfehcs, and took two feverallwaies: • 
 J.TDjnui marched with his legions to thefiege of Sefinptm ; and Cnviliits with his to behege 
 VoLinsi. 
 
 The Confuls letters were read and heard with exceeding joy>as wellin the court of the Coun- 
 ci'l of the City, as in the Common Hallot aflcmblies ; and this publike contentment andrejoy K 
 cing was fj'emnized with generall procclTions^for the fpace of lour dales, and with marvellous 
 zeal, afFedion,and devotion of private perfons in partiailar.AnJ rofay a truth, this vi<ftory was 
 to the ffate of Romevox. only great and honourable, but alfo of grejc conlequence, in regard that 
 it fell out in fo good and commodious a time. Por even then, news came that 7)</<r<i«; was re- 
 voked and rebelled, and men began to calf in their minds, and difcourfe how they fhould do ( m 
 cafe ouoht fhould hap but well in 5<«»jw.'«w ) to withlland thefor esand invafions of the Tuf- 
 cans : who taking heart, and pefuming upon the Samnits, and their curled and e.xecrable oath, 
 by vertue whereof they were obliged to fight to the utmoll extremity, embraced the occaiion 
 and opportunity of taking armes again, whiles both the Confuls and the whole forces of Rome 
 weredivertedand withdrawn into 5^»;»/«w2 and there employed. TheEmbrffadors of iheiral- L 
 lies and confederats,were by M.Att ileus the Prit or brought into the Senat.anci had audience gi- 
 Acnthem; where they complained; that tneir t erritories were over- run, burnt, and fpoyled 'by 
 the Tufcans their next neighbours ; and all becaiile they were unwilling to revolt from the people 
 oi Rome' humbly befeeching theLL.of the Senate, lodctendandproteftthemagainrtthe vio- 
 len.e. wrong, and outrage of common enemies. Anfwer was returned unto the Embafladors : 
 That the Senate would have regard that their allies fhould have no caufe to repent of their iaith- 
 fuUallegeance, and conltant loyalty; and that eremanydaies went over their heads, the Tuf- 
 cans fliould talk of the fame cup that the Samnits had begun nmo them. Howbeit, they would 
 havebeen flack andccld enough in dealing with theTuf. ans, had notfrefl-i news come, thatthe 
 falifciilio, who had fi r many years continued in amity and friendflTip with die people oiRome-) M 
 werecombincd with thetlie Tuleans and entrt-d intoarmsjas wellasthey, Thenear neighbour- 
 hood of this njtion, gave an edge to the Senators, and whet them on, to take care and ordain, 
 that their Fe^iall Heralds fliouldbe addreflcd thither to demand reftitution and amends for 
 harmsdcne: whkh being denied and no goods reRorcd; by the advice and authority ot the 
 Senat, together with thegrant ol the people, war was procLimed againll theTufians :and the 
 Confuls werecommvUided to call lots, whether of them fhould pals out of 5<7»;«/«w with his 
 forces, into I'ufcany. 
 
 By this time now Cdrviims had won Volana^Palf.mbinnm^znd HsrcHlanatm-, towns appertain- 
 ing to \.\\tS,zmx\\x.'> Volan.i was forced within tew dales : Talumbinum-, the fame day that became 
 bcforet'ie wals : but at tierculaneum^ he fought two feverall battels, with doubtfull and uncer- N 
 tain iiTue yea and with mere lofs of his own part than ol the cnemies.But afterwards,he pitched 
 his camp before the town.beleaguered the enemies; and kept them vvithin their walls, gave the 
 aflauk, and won it in the end. In thefe three towns there were either taken priibners or 
 (lain in all, to the number often thoufand: but fo. as through fear the greater part by far,fufFered 
 thcmlehes to be captives rather then to dye on the edge of the fword. 
 
 The Conlnlscnlt lots tortheir Provinces; and it lei! untOL arvilinsio^omio Tufcany, as the 
 fouldiers wiflied and dcHred who could no longer :.way with the rigour of cold weather in Sam- 
 mum. Astor Papirias-,hc fornd a greater power of enemies, and more refinance , before Sepi:ium. 
 Many a time he was fought withallinbattell arranged: oft skirmiflicd with in hismarch : yea, 
 and oftentimes under the very walls, the enemies fallied out againrt him fromtheTown? infuch Q 
 fort as he could not tell what to make of it: for neither wasittobecailedprc.perly afiegealone, 
 nor vet altogether a battell fight ; conGdcring that the enemies were no more protcilecl and co- 
 vered rhemrelvcs, by thcflrength of their walls; than the walls were defended byforceof arms> 
 and men of war: howbeit in thcerd;vvhat with fighting and what with skirmifliing, helodged 
 them within the City In as they durll come abroad no more, but kept themfehes tlofe.,and were 
 hefieszed indeed: and alter long liege, as well with forcible affauks, ashy trenches, bafiils, and 
 rjmpierS; he was maflcr of the town .• and therefore after he was poffeded of it, upon anger and 
 
 choler
 
 The tenth Boo^of T. Li viu s. 515 
 
 /V choler chat they h.id fo long flood out and puthimio fo much trouble, that there was more 
 bloud-llied ; and icven thouland died by the iword, whereas under three thouland were tjken 
 prifoners. The fpoil and pillage, which was ext ceding greut,conhdering that the Samnicshadlaid 
 up all their gods in fome few Cities,was given toihelouldiers. Andnowlay ihelnovv thiik all 
 over upon the ground : neither could men endure abroad in thehcld without houleand harbor : 
 and thereupon the Conful retired his Army out oiSam/iium, Againit his comming to R^mc^ it 
 wasdecreed by the general voice of allmen,thathe llioiild triumph rand fo he triumphed whiles 
 he was in his Magi(tracy;with great magnificence, and liimpcuous pomp, as thole dales would af- 
 ford. For as well his footmen as horfemen marched and pafled by in a lliew^adorned with their 
 
 £ gift and prizes othonour.Many a 'civick,' vallare and 'muraie garland wasfeen worn that day. ■■ Forfavingof 
 Much looking and wondrmg there was at thefpoilsalfo of theSamnits armour and apparel: aCinzfnslife 
 for with their goodly beauty and glorious hue were they compnrableto tho.e that his fuherhad '" bated, mule 
 won before him, which were commonly feen,and well known in the publike places of the City, .p^'nioun- 
 adornedand beautified therewith. Moreover, there were led before him inthis triumph and tingfi.-ftover 
 pompous entrance of his into the City, certain captives and prifoners of noble bloud defended, iiic rampier of 
 men of great worth fometime and nnme.as well for their own deeds;astheir fathers a'is. Great p' ''^^^."^.i^-* 
 ftore of Brafs Bullion in Ingots, and not coined, was carried in lliew, amounting to the weight gj^keibe 
 of '2coo533pound: whichmafs of brafs or copper was raifed of the ranlbme of prifoners. But pjicsinaram- 
 the filver which was got in the faccage of the towns cameto * 1 5 30 pound weight and above. All f". 
 
 Q the brafs and hlverwas laid up in the common Treafuryof the City, and nothing at all ot the *For'-'l'"g 
 
 ■ whole booty given to the fouidiers : and the difcontentment and heart-burning that grew there- ^^^"^^^ ^^ ^^g. 
 by, wasfo much the greater in the common people, by reafon they were charged bei^.des with an f^^zs ci'y. smd 
 exatVion and contribution for fouidiers pay ; whereas if the Conful had not upon a vain-glorious tovmed 10 the 
 humourbrought into the City-Chamber, fuch fums which he had gained from the enemy there manner ot tiie 
 might a good portion thereof havebeen bellowed freely amongff the fouidiers, & of the Inrplu- ^^["'^.'"n^jof ," 
 fagetheirdue wages paid and difpatched. Moreover, whiles he was Conful, he dedicated the ^^u^ 
 Temple of ^/r/;;a/, which his father, being Didtatot; had vowed : for, that himielf vowed it in »T.»o!r.il!!'>r.s 
 ihe very time of the battel, I find not in any ancient writer ; andcertainly in fofliorta fpace, five hundred 
 he could not pofiibly have built and finifhed it. He trimmed it bel'.des, and garniflied it with 'i'lrP'.'^'l^,?,,, 
 
 jv the Ipoils of the enemies, whereof there was fuch ftore and abundance, that not only the torelaia ^^^ ^f ? n'^iiih 
 Temple and the market-place weretherewith fee out and bravely decked, buc they were dillri- ftcii.ry os U, 
 buted abroad to their allies alfo andColoners, near inhabitants, for the decoration and beauti- i5fli'l •<.". 
 iying of their Churches and publike places. After the triumph ended, he brought tiis Army to within afar- 
 winter in the Territory of the Veftins> becaufe thole quarters were diftrefled and annoied by the ^»^^f^o ponnd 
 
 SamnitS. ftctin?, after 
 
 In this mean vfhik.Car'vilitu the Conlul,having at his firft coming given the affauk unto Trot- f5ve ftiiilingt 
 Hum, a City in Tufcany granted licenfe to 470 of the richeft Citizens,to depart from thence and af^o"''"* 
 by compolitionj to pay a great fum of money unto him. The reft of the mu'titude fell into his 
 hands.after he had won the town by merefotce.This done^he for.ed fiveCaliles,! tuatein places 
 £ of great rtrength : where were flain of enemies 24C0, and not ail out icootiken prifoners. He 
 granted to the F^l/fct ( who fued for peace ) truce for one year, and yet to make prelent payment 
 of * icocoo Afles and to dif barge the fouidiers wages for that year. After thefe exploits at- 'jiali.iodi. 
 chieved, he departed to his triumph : which as it was lefs honourable and glorious than that o- 
 ther of his companion in government, in regard of the fervice performed agiinft theSamnits; 
 fo, it"weconhderwithall> theTulcanwar it was equal and comparable unto it every way. Of 
 brafs money he brought into the common Cheft * 3 00090 pound: ot the furpluffage of the pillage ii^rllijCn'] 
 and other fpoils, hecaufcdtheChappelof Fo«Ffl/-r«Mi? to be built, rear unto the Temple ot the 7 d/^b-fttiJ, 
 famegoddels, dedicatedhy Km^j^Servim Tttlhs. Tothefouldiersthatfervcd on font, be j^^aveof 
 his booty * 1 02 Afles a piece, and twice as much to every Centurion and horieman. Which re- !^ ^-i ^'"^' 
 p ward they accepted more thankfully at his hands, by reafon of thenigardiceand mifery ot his ' ' 
 CoUegue before him. And fo gracious was this Conful, that he prote6fed and fayed Lydismniasy 
 one ot his Lieutenants, againft the people : who being arreftcd and called to his anfwer by M. 
 Ca>:cius; a Tribune of the Commons,flcd for his laft help, to his Lieutenamlliip (as they fay)and 
 avoided thereoy the danger of their judgement •• for that during his abfence in that charge his ac- 
 cufation might well be fet on foot and followed^but broughc to a final end and definitive fentcnce, 
 it could not be. 
 
 After this year expired-, the new Tribunes of the Commons entred their olTice: and for that 
 there was fuppofed fome errourintheircrcation, the fifth day after were other chofenin their 
 (lead. The fame year there was a L;i/frum or folemn Uifvcy of the Citviheldby P.Co.nclius Arvi-^ 
 G 'M,and C.MAnins RutUiin Cenlbrs. In which were numbred ard affcfled 262 :;_2": pels of Roman' 
 Citizens. Thefe were in order the fix ar^d twentieth Cenlbrs from the beginning: and this was 
 reckoned the nineteenth Ltijimm aft«r the firft inliitution. In this year, and never before, the 
 fpeftatots of the Roman Games and Plaie.'i, in regard of their happy fucccfs in wars, flood ador- 
 ned with wreaths and garlands of Howets upon their heads: andthencameupthe tafhionat 
 Rome-, borrowed fromthe manner and cuftome of Greece, to honour thofe with btanchesot the 
 d3teiree,who won the prizes, and were vii^ors in thofe folemn (james. 
 
 The fame year the /tdilesCurulc, whc exhibited the laid paftimes and cxercifcs of aitivity, 
 
 Ee 2 paveot
 
 2 14 '^ ^^ t^^tb BooJ\ofT, Livius, 
 
 paved the caufey or high way with flint or pibble (lone, from the Temple of Afars unto BoviHr. H 
 and the fines ot certain Piiblkr.ns or brmers of the City? that weregrahers and condemned, paid 
 the charges. Then Ptipynm held the great Afiembly for ele«5lion of new Confuls^and created O^. 
 Fa'jitu Gm-ges the {on ot Muxitmhs-, and D , Jdnius Brutus Sccva-, Conliils. Papyruts himlelt Was 
 chofen Pritor. This year, lo joious and fortunate in many refpeils, could hardly countervail 
 and recompense with all other comforts, one only calamity, namely ^a pellilence and mortality, -fl 
 which confumed and devoured both town and country .Infomuch,as lor the Hrangenefs and extre- 
 mity thereof, it was held tor a prodigious and portentous fgn beyond allcourfe of nature, and 
 reach of realon.Whereilpon, the books oi SiLjIU wcrcperufed.to know oucofthem^whatiffue 
 andremedy the gods would vouchfafe to fliew of this malady and mifery. Wherein they found, I 
 'P'i''^^'^^ that the Image oi t/£fci!Lipitis mull be lent for, from as far as * Epidawns to Rome. But for that 
 by year, realon that the (Jonfnls were buf ed in the wars, nothing was done, but only one day 
 beftowed wholly in fupplications and devout Tetanies to the honour of the faid god JEfcnlipius. 
 
 The ten Books next following of T.Livm(^ ufually called 
 
 thefecond Decade) are loft : The Arguments whereof k 
 
 remain yet extant in the Abridgments or Brevia- 
 
 riesof L. FlorWy which inftead of the Hi- 
 
 (tory it ielfj are fet down in 
 
 this place. 
 
 The Breviary of L. Florus to the Eleventh Book. L 
 
 W//f;«FabiusGurges theConfulf had fought an infonn>iate battellagainfl the Samnits^ and 
 the Senatewere about to difchargeandremove him from his Army l FabiusMaximus his 
 father.^ be fought them for hiffiks, nottoojfer him that dff race and d-(honoar. For rather than that 
 fhoiild come to pafs, he promifcd to ferve in per f on under his fon in cjuality of his Lieutenant . Which 
 rnoved the Senate, andprcvaled more than anything elfe. Andhe was his reords ma/ler. For he 
 went to the field, and. by hts means and good advice-, theCo>fulhis jonwas fo tvcllaffificd, that he de- 
 feated the S amnit s-, triumphed o-ver t hem , led captive before his triumphant Chariot C. Pontius, Lord 
 General of the Samnits , and afterwards flruck^off his head. Whiles the City [«/RomeJ was pitiouf- M 
 lyvifited and affiled with the plague, there were certain Embajfadors addreffed-andfent to hpidnn- 
 rus, for to tr an Hate the Image of &{c\i\i\>msfom thence to )xomc. And injhead thereof they brought 
 away a great fnake or ferment, which of n felf embarked in their [hip, and wherein they were verily 
 ferfwaded, that the puiffance and divine power ofthefaidgodwasrefident. And when they had con- 
 dniled it with them by fea as far as to Rome, it went forth of its own accord, and fwam to the IJlAnd 
 jp/f /7/w Tyberis, where it fet led •■ and in that very place where it tookjand, they ereEled aTemple to 
 jEiculapius. L. Pofthumius , a Confular man [i.e. who had been Conful ] having the charge of an 
 jirmy, was condemned, and had a ronndfine fet upon hii head, for that he empioied hi^ fouldiers 
 about Jome work, in one of his farms. The League wm now the fourth time rcnewedwiththe S am- 
 nit Sy at their earnrfifuit and recjueft. Curius Dentatus the Conful, after he had defeated and (lain M 
 the Samnits, vanqttifhed the Sabins, who were revolted and rebelled, and receivedthem under his 
 cbeyfance, triumphedtwice during the time ef oneConfidfhip. Three Colonies were ereRed^ andpeo- 
 pled, tewit, Caftrum, Sena, <^Wii Adria. The three Triumvirs to fit upon capitall crimes werethen. 
 firjl created. A fjfing was holden, a>id a folemn "LMlitum, wherein tyjufi account were numbred 
 2y}000 C it iz,ens of Romans. The Commons, hecanfe they were deeply cng^agedin debt, in regardof 
 grievous and long fcdit ions and di(fent ions, retired in the fW /o Janiculum, from whence they were- 
 reclaimed and brought again into theCity, by the means of Qj HortenhUS r^f Dictator, who died 
 in the very time of his Magiflracy, This book^ containeth moreover the exploits againd the Voljini- 
 ans,and alfe the Lucans,againji whom it was thought good and ordained, to fend aid andfuccoms to the 
 Tyrrhenians^ q 
 
 The
 
 The Breviaries ofh. Floras. ^j^ 
 
 The Breviary of L. Flortu to the twelfth Book. 
 
 T He Roman Embajfadors being murdredby the Senomii in Gza\t andwar thereupon denounced 
 and -proclaimed agahifi them, Lucius Cxcilius the Pnetor-, fortuned with his whole army to bede~ 
 featedby them, a^d fntto the [word. IVhenthe Romanfleet Was fpoiled and ranfac^d by the Taren- 
 tinsyaf/d their Admiral bejides /l^-in, the Senat di(patched their Embajfadors tmtothcmto make com- 
 pl.iiht of thefe wrongs and outrages j but they ivere evill intreated andfent away with great abufe, 
 Whereupoyi-tdtfiunce was l^i^^wife given unto thcm^andwar proclaimed. The Samn/ts revolted, Agair.fi 
 B whom together with the Luca/js, Bruti^-ns, ana Tufcans^fundry battels were fort unatly fouught by di- 
 vers Roman C.iptains. Pyrrhus the Ktna of the Epirots [or the Albanoti ] pajfcd over into Italy ,/(7r to 
 aidthe Ti<rc;tttns. iVhcn a Lfgionofthe C^mpansrvasfent under the condn[} of Decius Jubellius ro 
 Rhegmm^there to lie ingarnjon-, they treacherou/lyfletv the naturall inhabitants-^ andfei^edthe City of 
 Rhegium to their own behoof. 
 
 The Breviary of L. Elorm for the thirteenth Book. 
 
 V7Alerius Lev inus the Cor.fullofi the field againfi Pyrrhus : by occajlon principally that his fouldien 
 were terriflid and amaz^edat the uncouth fight of the Elephants. After that b~utellwhcu Py rhus 
 
 C viewed iind beheld the dead bodies of the Romans, lying [tatn on the ground', beolferveda-:dn.a.\.dy 
 that al^ their faces were turnedtoward the enemy affront. Fromthence he went farw.:rd jpoilir-gand 
 wajiing all the way to Rome.C.Fabricius wasfent unto him for to treat about the redemption and ran- 
 fom cfthe prifonerj: andwos foUicited by the King(^but invatn^to abandofi the fervice of his cwn coun- 
 try. The forefaidprifonersxvere enlargedandfent homewithout paying any rar.fam at all . Cyneas »><« 
 fent as Embajfadorfrom the King unto the Senat ', who required, that the King his Mafier,for to end 
 and compound all quarrels, might be received into the City and amity of the people of Rome : but when 
 it was thought meet to debate andconfult of this important matter, in a more frequent ajfembly of the 
 5f«^ror/jAppius Q\zw^\\is-,who many a day hadnot intermedled with the affairs of State andCouncilly 
 prefented himfelf m the Court among the Senators i where his opinion carried the matter clear away^ 
 
 D a,idP)tlhus hts demandwas flatly denied. V,T>om\i\as,the firfi Cenfor of the Commoners, heldaLu- 
 firum orfurvey oftheCtty,inwhtch were found zySzzz Roman ^itiz,ens by the poll. Afecondfieldwas 
 fought againfi Pyrrhus, but with doubtfull event and ijue. With the Carthaginians, the alliance was 
 renewed now the fourth time. If 'hen a certain fugitive traitor that ran from Pyrrhus, offered to C.Fa- 
 bricius the Confulfor to poifon the King, he wasfent back^again, and the treafon wOf df covered to the 
 King.Over and beftdes^thii book^containeth the prosperous affairs inwar againfi the TufcanSj Lucani- 
 a»s-)Brutians-iAnd Samnits. 
 
 The Breviary of Z-.F/or«/,upon the fourteenth Book. 
 
 E T)Yrrhus;);fj(f(?^ //?f y^Af i«fo Sicily. When among other prodigies and fearfulltokens,the image of 
 X. Jupiter /« the Capitol I was overthrown andfmitten down with Ughtning^the headtheri-ofwas reco- 
 veredandfoundagainbytheJoothfaicrJ.CuiMS DjentatUS>^J hewas taking muTlcrs,fold in port-fale 
 the goods of one that would not anfxver to his name when he was called. He defeated Pyrrhus after hj^ 
 return again out of Sicily into Italy ! ay;d forced him to avoid anddepart once for all. Fabricius a CenfoTy 
 caffed a-riddifpLtcedoiit of his Senatorsroom P.Cornelius VM^nMS, one that had been Conful, forthat 
 he hadin filver plate to the weight oftenpounds.TherewasaI.i](\iam holdcn by the Cenfors^and there' 
 in were found 2y i 2 2^ Citiz.rns, A fociety andalliAncewas contracted xvith Ptolomy King of JEgypt, 
 Se.xtilia a profeffcd vefiall Nun was conviBed of uncleannefs andfornicatioH, and buried quicl^. Two 
 new Colonies were eretled^to w/f >Fofidonia and Confa. A fleet of Carthaginians arrived to aid the Ma- 
 
 p tttertins'by occafion whereof the league was broken.This book^comprifeth a'fo^the happy exploits againfi 
 the Lucanians,Samnits,and Brutians : together with the death of King Pyrrhus. 
 
 The Breviary of L. Florus to the fifteenth Book. 
 
 THe Tarentins being vanquifhedhath peace grant cd,and liberty alfo refloredunto them.The fouldi- 
 ers of the Campai legion aforefaid-which hadpojfeffed them fe Ives of Rhegium,H'frif befleged'- and 
 after they hadabfolutel^ yielded were every one made fhorter by the head.Certain hifiy youths o/Romej 
 who had mifufed and beaten the Embaffadors of the Apollionats.fent unto the S.enatiwere deliveredttn- 
 to their hands to be ufcd accordtnir to their difcretion. The Picentes were overcome in battell,and obtai- 
 tiedpeace.Two Colonelswere fent.,the one to Ariminum within the marches of Picenumj(i.c. Ancooa) 
 G the other to Beneventum ,/« Samnium. Now and never before began the Romans to ufefilver coin for 
 their money. The Umlnans and Saientins were vanquifhed, andtheir fubmiffton of obedience received. 
 The number of the Qua/lor s was augmented [to be eight. ] 
 
 Jie 5 
 
 The
 
 316 
 
 The Breviaries ofh. Florus. 
 
 » The inhabi- 
 ants of MeJ- 
 
 * Ektvopim. 
 ((ich 191000, 
 
 H 
 
 The Breviary of L. Florns to the fixteench Book. 
 
 • 
 
 THe firfi rifing of the Cifrtluginiam^ with the heiiming of their City-, are in this book^related: 
 AgM-nft whorA together with Hiero Kifig of the Syr<.icnfians, the Senat of Rome ordained to 
 fend aid unto the* Mamertins'-and fifter much arguing anddebate (ibout this point,nhilesfome perfwa- 
 ded,& others 'agamdifrvadedit he gentlemen ofKome,whofervedon horfback^ythenfirft croffedt, efeas, 
 and bare themf elves bravely in many battels and to good purpofe againfi Hiero : vfho at length craved 
 peace and had it granted.The Cenfors held a Lufl rum and nmnbred the people : and enrolled * 3 7 2 2 24 
 Citiz^ens of Rome, into thefubfidy book^. D. j unius Brutus v>as the fir Jt that ever reprefented combats 
 of fxvord-fencers at the (harp to the utterance, in the honour of hu fat her late deceafed.One Colony was I 
 planted at Mctnh.lhis booicomprehendeth befdes, the gcodfuccefs of the affairs againjl the Car- 
 thagtniAns and the Foljcinians. 
 
 TheBreviary'of LJlorus for the feventeenth Book, 
 
 NeUS Cornelius f/;e Conftd^beingfurprifedandenvironedwith a fleet of Carthaginians, anditn- 
 de'r colour of a pari, trained forth Mid calledunto them J was villa>iou(ly taken prifoner and kept 
 (itll with them. Cn. Duillius the Confd fought with happy fuccefs againfi this their fore faid fleet : and 
 was thefi^fi Roman Captain that rode m triumph, for a navd viUoxy atfea. In regard whereof this 
 honour for ever after was done unto him. That when he fupped forth in any place of the City, as he retur- ^ 
 md homs to his own houfe,the Waits fhouUfound^tbe hflut botes all the way, and a man go before him with 
 a burning tsrch.L.Coinclmst he Conful wen aftdd in Saidltiia. againfi the J fianders,together with the 
 Corfia»s,and Hanno the Generall of the Carthaginians ,h.m\\ns Calatinus the Co/ifd, having unadvi- 
 fedly enga/red his army within a place of great df advantage, whereas the Carthaginians lay round about 
 in ambufh, retired and cfcaped by the valour and mdufirious means ofM. Calphurnius a Colonel : who 
 jvith a regiment of 100 foot vcnturoufly fallied out, andturnedallthe forcesof the enemies uponhim- 
 (elf. 0«eAnnibal a Carthaginian Commander -upon the defeat of the Armade, whereof he was Admi- 
 ral was by his own fouldiers truffed up andcrucified. Attilius Regulus the Conful, having in baetelL 
 at fea vanquifhed the Carthaginians failed over into AfFrick. 
 
 The Breviary of L.Florusv^on the eighteenth Book. 
 
 ATtiliosReouloSf^e C»nfulfiew \jm h?inc)^aferpent of a mighty and wonderful bignefs,but with 
 the exceeding- lofs rf his fonld.ers. Ay.d after many encounters and battels with the Carthaginians-, 
 when the Senat by rcafon of hisfo happy conduU andmanagement of the wars, fent no other tofucceed 
 him he dilpatched his letters unto them and complainedthereof: and among other pregnant reafonsthat 
 he alledzi d for to have a fncceffor to come unto him, thiswasone; That the little inheritance and li- 
 vino which he had fuffri d wafte, by the default or Iswdnefs of his bailiffs of husbandry. A-Zeanwhiles, 
 ^s if fortune had been dilfefed and fought means tojheiv a notable example in the perfon of this one man 
 Reeulus,^^ well of adverfity asprojperity, he was overthrown in plain field, and taken prifoner by Xan- M 
 thippUS, a renowned Captain of the Lacedemonians-, whom the Carthaginians had waged, and fent for 
 to aid them, hfter this thefundryjhipwrackj of the Roman Navy,ecclipfed,obfcured^a»ddijfig!ired all 
 the other exploits that ihe Roman Captains had fortunatly atchieved before.^ as well by land as fea. T. 
 Coruncanius wasthe firfi High Pnefi or Arch- Prelate, created out of the body of the Commons, M. 
 Sempronius Sophus and M, Valerius Maximus the Cenfors, when they made a review of the Senate 
 caffed thirteen, and tookjheir embroidredpurplo cloaks from them. They held afurvey alfo of the whole 
 City ^and eiitred into their fubfidy bookj^X'y^X'] Roman Citiz^ens. Kegwlas being fent from the Cartha- 
 
 other: howbeit,to accomplifh and perform his promifeby oath given, he made return accordingly^and by 
 the Carthaginians was defpiteffilly put to cruelhorture^andfo died. 
 
 The Breviary of X. Florus to the nineteenth Book. 
 
 4 
 
 ^AiusCeciliusMetellu.?, in confideration of his fortunate conduSl of the wars againfi theCar- 
 ^^thagintans, rode in a mofifiatcly and magnificent triumph : wherein were (hewed and led captive 
 thirteen chief Captains of the enemies^and 1 20 Elephants. Claudius Vakhev the Conful.who mangre 
 tl.'C advcrfe prtfaires of the KujpiceS. would needs hazardabattell, commanded the facred Pullets to be 
 douffed anddrinchedover the headinthewater,to fee if they would drink^ fin ce theyrefufedto eat their Q 
 jwe/tt ; ^-nd received an overthrow at fea,ln a confiici with the Carthaginians. For which he was called 
 home iy the Senat, and commandedto nominate a DiEtator : whereupon he declared C. Glaucia, a bafe 
 eompanion, and a perfon of the weanefi degree and quality : who being confirainedto refign hisMagi- 
 ftracy,yet notwitrftanding afterwards beheldthe games andplaies in his mantle ofcfiate. Attilius Ca- 
 kuws was the firfi Roman Dili at or, that led an army out ojf Italy. A» exchange was made of Roman 
 eaptives for Carthaginians. Two Colanieswere tran^orted^namely^to Fregdlij^«(^roBrundufium)/^ 
 
 the
 
 The Breviaries oflu. Florqs. ^ij 
 
 J^ theterritoryoftljeSalentins.Another'Lvi^xwm wasti-\e» hy the Cenfors: wherein were reckoned of Ro- 
 man Cittz.ens 251222. QX^\^.^^^■^thefif^er of that l\ Claudius, who in contempt and dejpite of the Ah~ 
 (pices fought alattelto great lofs^fortuned upon a time MJhe came from the great Plates to he crondtd 
 tnthethrufiandprefs of peofli '$ whereupon fhe criedout with a loud voice, WouldGodmy brother were 
 alive again-and had the charge of another Arm Ado • for which words [he had agoodfpefet on her head) 
 andpaidit. Two Pratorswere now created, the firjt that ever were at Rome. Cicilius Metellus ?/;<? 
 High Priest kept perforce within the Citj A.Polihlimius the Confnl-,becaMfe he wm he fides the Fiamin 
 Mnto Mars ; And would not ffiffer him to he Non-refident-, and abfent hfmfelf from his charge. After 
 fftndry battels and confiicls that many Roman Captains had agamfi- the ^arthagintans-, C, Luftarius the 
 B Confnl o'tainedthe honour of the pnallviRory-,when he had defeated their Fleet', andfo made afullend 
 efthefirflPiinick,war.The Carthaginians therefore fied for peace,and had it granted. At what time as 
 the Temple (?/VeRa woi on a light fire, Cxcilius the High Priefi recovered and favcdoat f the flame 
 the holj rtliques.Two Tribes were addedto the reflytVindi and Qjlirina.T/j; Falifci rebelled^ & with- 
 in fix daies werefubdued^and brought under fnb}eclion. 
 
 The Breviary of L. Florm to the twentieth Book. 
 
 A Colony was planted at Spoletum. An army was led againfl the Ligurians [i.e. GenowaieSy ] which 
 tvasthefi'ft time tl) u they vcre warred upon. The Sardinians andthe Corfians^ who revolted and 
 
 C took^.irmswere fibdtiej. Tyxcch a f^efial virgin and a Fotary was condemned and executed for herin- 
 ceft or whoredom, l^'ar was proclaimed againfl the Illyrians, for that they killed one oftheEmbaffadors 
 which rve-'-e fent unto them-,and being defeated, coufeffedthemfelvesfubjeElstothe Romans. The num- 
 ber of the Praters was encreafedfrom two to four. The Gauls inhabit irnr beyond the A\ps(toward France) 
 who came down and entred into lizl'j^were overthrown and put to thefword.In which war the Romans 
 had by report of the Latins and other confederats and allies, to the number of 3 ooooc fighting men that 
 ferved under them.The Rowaiforcei puffed thenfirflover theriver Vnd{is\^i.e.¥0-,]where the French 
 Jnful>riAns\j,e.Lombards\ after certain difcomfititres were glad to bernled by reafon,and rendred them- 
 felves. Mar.Claudius MitcdlmtheConftl-, having (lain Vhdamatas the General of the Lumhardt 
 with his own hand, went away with the honour of the third rich and royal (foiles got from the enemy, 
 
 D The Iflrians were fub due d: fo were the Illyrians alfo, after they had revolted and put themfelves ix 
 arms ; andwere fotamed,that they came under obedience. TheCerfors held a'Ln^lQm, andtook ac- 
 count of the number of the Roman Cittz^ens^and found in all 2'70O0o. The Libcrtins (or flaves erfiran- 
 chijed)were reduced into four tribes by r/xfwyf/z^f^jrowif ,Efquiiina;Palatina,Suburranaj ^WCoUina : 
 whereas beforetime they had been differ fed indifferently, and mingled among the refi, C. Flaminius 
 the Cenfor pavedthe high way ca'led Flaminia, and huilt the great Cirque or Theater named Flamini- 
 OS Circus. And two Colonies were efiablifhed within thofe Territories that were cent^ueredfrom the 
 CaHls,iowit-,* VXiceaui, andCizmom. 
 
 The one and twentieth Book 
 
 Of the Hijiories cfT. Livius of ^adua.,from the Foundation 
 
 of the City of Rome* 
 
 The Breviary of L. Flortu upon the one ^and twentieth Book. 
 
 p T N't his hookjtre rehear fed the acls which pajfed in Italy, as touching thefecond Punich war, and how 
 X Annibal, the Chief Commander of the Carthaginians^ contrary to the accord of a!liance,palfed over 
 the river iberus : by whom Saguntum sa City belonging to the allies of the people of Rome, was in the 
 eiglnh ?»onth of the (lege forced, by ajfault. For to complain of thofe wrongs and injuries Emhaffadors 
 werefent to the Carthaginians, And for that they would not make fat isf ad: ion and amends therefore, 
 war was proclaimed againfl them. Annibal having pajfed over the mountains VyieDX,and difcomfited 
 theVolfcians,who made head againfl him-) andwouldhave empeached his pajfage, mounted the AlpSt 
 and after he hadpaffed through them with great dffculty and pains and npul fed alfo the French moun- 
 tainers in fundry skjrmiptes and battels, he defended into Italy : and near the river TiciniuSji^z/L ow/i- 
 
 - tedanddifarrayed the Romans in a battel of Cavalry. In which conp^^when P.Cornelius Scipio was 
 wounded, his fon ( the fame who afterwards was ftrnamed Atricanus ) refcued him^ andfaved his life, 
 
 G Annibal after he had defeated the Roman army afecond time-, near the river Trebia, pajfed over the 
 Appenine : where his fouldiers were mightily afjiitled anddflrejfed^by reafon of foul weather andvio- 
 lence of [lormandtempe/}.CT).Cottie\ias Scipio (pedwellin his war againfl the Carthaginians within 
 Spainj and took,prifoner \Ai%o^the General Commander of the enemies. 
 
 The
 
 3 
 
 i8 
 
 The one and tmntietbBoo\of T-Livhs, 
 
 The one andwentiethhooJ^ofT- Livius. 
 
 H 
 
 T 
 
 He fame may I well fay, in the Prsface and entrance of this one part of my work, which 
 mort writers of hiftories have promifed and made proteflion ot, in the beginning of the 
 whole, CO wit. That I will write themoft famous and memorable war that ever was, e- 
 \enihac whichtheCarthaginiansunder thecondu6lof ytiw^ji'^/ fought with the peo- 
 ple Si State of Rome. Vox neither any other Cities or Nations are known to have warred together 
 more wealthy and puiffant than they ; nor at any time ever wers they themfelvesfo great, lo I 
 firoro in iori.es,andfo mighty in means,as now they were. Moreover,they came nocnewly now, 
 to waoe war,without knowledge of the prowefs and marciall skill, one of another ; for trial they 
 had mjde thereof fufficitntalready ^ inthefirlf puniik wat.Befides,fo variable was the fortune of 
 the heid.fo doubtfiiUy were their battels fought, that neererlofsand danger were they, who in 
 theend won the betier,andatchie\ed thevit'ory. Andtoconclude, ifa man obferve the whole 
 courle ird p!0-;eedirg of thefe their wars, their malice and hatred was greater in a manner than 
 their forces : whiles the Romans took foul fco;n anddifdain that they, whofe hap before was to 
 be vanquilhedfhculd unprovoked begin warafrefli with the Conquerorsjand theCarthaginians 
 were as male-content, and throughly offended, as taking themfelves(notwith(ianding they were 
 overcome)to be abufed too much at their hands by their proud, infolent, and covetous rule over ^ 
 them. Over and befidesall this,the report goech>that A-2«/^^/ being but nine years old, or there- 
 about, came favvnin<' and flattering as wanton children do to his father Aw/Zc^r, that he would 
 take him with him. into Sfaw,it what time, as after the Affrican war ended, his father was offe- 
 ring facrifice.ready to pafs over thither with an army: where he was brought to the altar fide,and 
 induced to lay his hand thereupon,aDd to touch the facrifice,and fo to Iwear, thatfo foon as e- 
 ver he were able, he wouldbeaprofeffedand mortal enemy to the people of iJow«f. Vexed ( no 
 doubt; at the hearc,was hmilcar himfelf, a man of high fpirit and great courage,{or the lofs of the 
 Iflands Sicily and Sardinia ■ for not only Sicily was overhafiily yielded ( as he thought J as defpai- 
 rin'^ too foon of the (fate thereot,and doubting how it flnould be defended: but alio Sardinia was 
 by tlie cunning and fraudulent praftice of theRomans furprized out of the Carthaginians hands, L 
 whiles they were troubled with the commotion and rebellion oiKffrtckj and a. Tribute befides 
 impofed upon them. Hebeingdifquieted.Ifay, and troubled with thefegriefs and difcontentSjfo 
 bare himfelf for five'years fpaceinthe Ajf?-/ciLwar,which infuedimmediatly upon the peacecon- 
 cluded w ith the Romansjand likewife afcer,in Sfain.ioz nine years together enlarging ever (fill the 
 dominion o^Q.anh.i^e ; that all the world might fee he intended and deligned a greater war than 
 that he had in hand ; and if God had ipared him longer life, it iliould have been well feen that the 
 Cai tha'^inians under the leading oi hmilc.ir, would have made that war upon Iti'.ly.;^\nc)\ after- 
 ward they vvaoed by theccnduit of hnmbal. But the death oi'Amilcar hapning in fo good feafon 
 [ fcrthe Romans] and the childhood and ter.dernonage of A««/^.?/ together, were the caufe that 
 this war was put off and deferred. In the mean timc,_ between the father and the fon, AfdmLilM. 
 bare all the rulefor the fpace almoft of eight years. This hfdrubal had been hmilcar his minion, 
 ^'rown highly into his grace and favour, at thefitlt (as men fay) forthe very prime and flower of 
 his youthrbut afcerwards,in regard of the lingular towardnefs ofa brave and haughty mind,which 
 foon appeared in him, and for his forwardnefs to a6fion, he was preferred to be his fon in law, 
 and married his daughter. Now, foraimuch as he was hmdcar hisfon in law,he was advanced to 
 the Ibveraion conduit of the war, with no good liking at all and confent of the Nobility and 
 Peers, but by the means and favour only of the Barchin faftion, which bare a great (Iroke, and 
 miohtdoaliin all, among the fouldiers and the common people. Who managed all his affairs, 
 mo°re by policy and fage counfell, than by force and violence : and ufing the authority and name 
 of ihePrincesandgreat Lords of thole countries, and by entertaining friendfhip with thechiefj^ 
 Rulers, won daily ih'e hearts of new nations (fill, and by that means enlarged the power and feig- 
 nory of the Carthaginians in S/)-r/«, rather than by any war and force of arms.But for all this peace 
 with Ibrrein Scates,°he was never the more fure of his own lite at home. For a certain barbarous 
 fellow, for angerihat his Mafier and Lord was putto death, flew him in openplace: and being 
 laid hold on by them that were attendant about A/^r«^.i/hisperfon, he kept the fame counte- 
 nance Itiil,as it he had efcaped and gone clear away :yea, and when he was bycruell torments all 
 f-"ll conftancy mangled and torn, he looked fo cheerfully and pleafantly on the matter, as if he had fecmed to 
 nd ireG-lution 1^11^; fofar his joy of heart furpaffcd the pains and anguifh of his body. With this AfJ.rub.d, for 
 that he had fo hnj;u!ara gitt and wonderfull dexterity , in folliciting and annexing unto his domini- 
 on the nation? atbrefaid the people of Romehzd renewed the League, upon thefe two capitu ati-Q 
 ens and conditions; firlt^that the river * Ibertts fhould limit and determine the feignorles of them 
 both : /ffw ihattheSaguniins.feated in the midft between the territories otboth nations,(liould 
 remain freehand enjoy their ancient liberties. 
 
 Nodoubtatallthere wasnow, but when a new Commander (hould fucceed intheroomof 
 h[driibalttht favour of the people would go dear with rhe prerogative voice and choice of the 
 fouldiers: who prelemly brought young Annibal into the Generall his pavilion, and with excee- 
 ding 
 
 A[drubdV\\- 
 led. 
 
 The uronder- 
 
 ot a flare.
 
 The one and twentieth BooJ^of T.Livius. 5 1 ^ 
 
 A tling great acclamation and accord of all,falutcd him by the nnme of Capcain General. For this 
 you mult underltand, that Afdrub.d by his letters milfi .chad fentfor hun, being veryyo'JiT-, 
 and hardly fourteen years of age j yea, and the matter was debated firlf intheConncil-Houfeat 
 Carthage-) wherethey of the 'Barchinc hde laboured and followed thematterearnellly, that, *'imilcaY±c 
 jinnibU (\^o\x\d be trained in \varfjre,and grow up to Uiccccd his father in eqi:a!i prowel's S^rcjt- ^■"''" "f/^ ?'- 
 nefs. But Ha^syw the chiefe man of the contrary faaion ; '' It is but meet and reaion (quoth he) oi'sirfcrVoin 
 " that ^pr^^.?/ doth demand: and yet formine own part I think icnotgood, that his requelt whe'^-cc'a'rcfc 
 '' fiiould be granted. When they mnfcd and marvelled much at this fo doubtfull Ipeeth ot his, the Biuhiu 
 and will net what conflruiition to make ot it. '' Why then;'quoth Hunr.o )i.o be p!am,'l hatflour '»^^'o" '''^,'- 
 
 g-' and beauty ot youth, which ,^p;. '.'/'..'/ himfelf yielded and parted wichalifomctimes unto^/j- |^"'fti^7'^""' 
 ^'uibdi f»ti]fr, for taufe or abufcat his p'.eafure; the fam-j hethinketh by good right he may xiLi^ecchof 
 '' challenge and have again, from the fonjto make quittance. But it befeemcrli not us^ forto ac- liim^o in tlie 
 '•quaint our young youths vvith the Camp that under the colour,andiiii}ead of their military in- i>'"«coi <."/•- 
 "Hitution and leaching, they abandon andgivctheirbodies to fene the hilt and appetite of the ''^•'^^' 
 « Generals, What ? Is this the thing we fear, That the fon of Amilcar fliould tatry too long ere 
 '•he lee the excefiive grandeur andioverai^nty of his fatherland thedatcr/fliew as it were othis 
 " royalty ? Or doubt we, that we fliail not foon enough ferve in all duti:ii!lal!egeance his natu- 
 " rail fon^unto whofc fon inlaw,a!l our Armies have been left (as it were^ in lav/tuil right of in- 
 '< heritance ? Nay, I am of opinion, and this i? my judgment, That this youth be kept in awe at 
 
 Q '• home,undeftpobedience of laws,underciviliM,igil;rates,and learn a whiie toii\ein equallcon- 
 '■dition with the relt of the Citizens and fubjefts: for forlcif at one time or other, this little 
 " fpark do burn outright, and raife amighty flame. Afevv,and thofe were, in a manner, all ofihe 
 beltfort and foundeh; judgment, accorded \y\\.\\Hanno, But; as commonly it is feen.thcfreater 
 Dumber over- weighed the better. 
 
 Thus Annibd was fent into 5;)^/>,and immediately at his Frd coming, drew all the whole ar- 
 my after him ;fohighly he was regarded and beloved. Theo'dibuldiersbeleeved venly^that A-- 
 milcar was alive again, and come amongd them : they thought they beheld and faw the D.me vi- 
 gour and fpirit in his countenance & vifagejthe fame qfii^knefs and liveiiiiefi in his eyes, the fame 
 proportion, feature and lineaments of his face. And afterwards, within lliort time, he had fo 
 
 jj wrought and wound himfelf into their favour, thatthelate rememembran.e of his father was »• 
 
 thelealt matter of all others, that won him grace and love among them.Nevcr was thereoneand Then«ursll 
 thefelf-fame nature, framed and fitted better, for two things that are in quality molt contrary ; ^''P^/"''"" °' 
 namely, to rule, and to obey. Whereby, a man could hardly difcern and judge, whether hewas ""' ' ' 
 more dear unto the General for the one, or to the Army for the other. For neither Afdmi-al 
 would makechoiceof any one before him, when there was fome valiant ferv ice or brave exploit 
 to be executed : nor the louldiers put more confidence in any other Leader,norgo more boldly 
 and refolutely to any enterprife^than under him. Moft forward he was and hardy to all hazards H'srcrtacsj 
 and dangerous adventures : right provident and wary again, at the very point of peril] and jeo- 
 pardy. No travell was able to weary and tire his body : no pains-taking could daunt and breai: 
 
 ■£ his heart. He could away with heat and cold alike. For his diet and feeding, hemeafured both 
 his meat and drink by his naturallappetite,and not by pleafure and delightfome taile. Forncep- 
 ping, for waking, day and night was all one with him. When he had once perfcrned hisfervice, 
 and finiflied his exploit ; ifthere were any fpare time after, therein would he take his relt and re- 
 pofe : andthat fhouldnotbeupon a foft bed neither, norprocured with great curiof.ty bvdiil 
 iilence, and making no noife about him. Full often many amanhathfeenhimlyingon the hare? 
 and bare ground , under a good fouldiers jacket and homely caflbck calt over him > even amonf 
 the fentinels and corfs de gmrd. For his appareh it was not more coftly nor braver than his iel- 
 lovvs and companions: mary, inhis armour and horfes he loved ever to be goodly b;-fecn above 
 all other. Amonglt footmen and horfemen both, he would alwaies be a great way lormoiKAnd ia 
 
 p conclude in giving a charge upon the enemy, and to begin tobattell, he was by his good will e- 
 ver the firif:and when the fight was done,the lalf man I'een to retire out of the fie'd. Of thcfe fo 
 roble qualitiesand manly vertues-, he had not fo many, but there were nssreat vice^r.ndimper- 
 fe(Slions in him again,to counterpoife the fame. Cruelty molt favage and inhumane.falfliood and U\% vices; 
 treachery more than * Punick : no truths no honelly.no fear of God no regird ofoatb.no con- * Oraimry in 
 fcience, nor religion. ' m ,; Canh-tghiia/ii. 
 
 Difpofed thus as he was,and inclined by nature^to vertues, ard vices, he ierved ftjll three years 
 under General Afdritbal. During which time,he omitted and forgatno one thing that was meet 
 either to be executed or enterprifed by a man that was himfelfanother day to bea Captain and 
 chief Commander in the wars. From the very firlt day that he was chofen and declared Lord Ge- 
 
 Gnerall; asif at thefameinttanr,/f.;/vhad been the Province afTigned unto him. as if, I fay. he had 
 received Commillion to war with theRoman>, bethought good to make no delates, for fear led 
 haply whiles he lingred and flacked the time, feme mikhance might prevent his defigns 
 andcut him fliort, like as it had overtaken his father firlt, and Afdrnb.-.l afterwards : but prelenc- a A people 
 determined to make war upon the Saguntines-by afliiling whom, the Romans no doubt were *^itlii"<hs 
 touched, and would take arms and enter into the quarrel. _ But firft he led his army into the mar- -^J'/^jln s^ • 
 chesofthe -Olcades ( a nation beyond /Af>-/<A rather iiding and taking; part with the Carthagi- ne?r thcCiry" 
 DianSj than under their jurifdi£tion ) that he might not feem to have lliot at the Saguniins and oca^n. 
 
 intended
 
 223 The one and mentieth Boo\\ofT* Livius. 
 
 it Mcheta. 
 
 intended oDghtagainH ihem directly: but chat by order and coune of his affairs, after he had H 
 fubdued the countries bordcrin;^ upon them, he had been drawn ( as it were ) for vicinity and 
 neighbourhood fake to that war.and to joyn them alfo with the reR unto the t-mpire. Andflrd 
 bctuSus Tup. he wanbj fori e,and lacked i-Cwtf/^, a rich City, the leat town andchief place of all that nation, 
 poieib it to be Wheteupon^other meaner and fmaller Cities allo,tor fe:r cameunderhis obedience, and yielded 
 Cartagena ■• to pay tribute. His Army then after thefeviftories, and enriched with fpoil and pillage, was 
 fometakeit brought back to new c Cdcr^rf^f, there for to winter. Where he made fure unto him the hearts 
 ihetsT.'r larif- ^^^ affetlionate love -as well ot his owncountrymen as of the aUies,p3rtly,by beftowingthe pil- 
 fa,nt rather lage Uberal.y among them, and partly, by making true p.iimcnt of fouldiers wages for the time 
 
 " ""■ '.-..•. ■ r , r ■ . r 1^ ' "^ Ct, HC fot- I 
 
 ; manhood 
 fled from 
 c cartai^e'tn. HarrK.indic.i.hzs, ing rallied them'.eli es,and joyned with other exiled perfons of the OlcAdes^z na- 
 rfOlJ cajtellt tion the fummer before fubdued , raifcd alfo the g Carpetans to take arms : and fet upon Anni' 
 or c*iuu, _ ^^^^ jjj j^jj return from the Fa:cet ', and not tar trom the river h Ta^us^ troubled and difordred his 
 Cfl/?!/*""'""* march, heavily charged with fpoil and booty. ^«;;/^.t/forbareio fight, and encamped himfelf 
 /People ia upon the bank of the river : and fo foon as the enemies were in their firrt fleep, and all ftill and ' 
 Andatufia. hurtit, pafled Over wich his Army atthefoord : andafter he had pitched his Camp fo far off 
 £ ^"'J*''.'""" from the river fide, as that his enemies might have room enough to march awaf befides him, he 
 oi'Toieium detetmined to fct upon them as they ihould pafs over the river: To his horfemen he gave com- K 
 hTaio, ' mandment to charge upon the Regiment of footmen, fofoonasthey perceived them to have ta- 
 ken the water: and upon the bank he arranged forty Elephants afront thesn. There were of the 
 Carpetans,couming theaidsandfuccoursof the 0/f.«^f/and^<jirm,iocoooflrong: anArmyin- 
 vincible, if they bad fought on even and indifferent ground. Who being both by nature fierce 
 and couragious,and for multitude confident ; prefumptnous befides,upon their imagination that 
 the enemy was retired for fear ; fuppofed that the only (lay of their vi(5fory was, becaufe the 
 river ran between: and fettingup a ihout and out-cry, without diredHon ofany Leader-jn all dif- 
 ordertheyranincotheriver here and there, every man what way was rexthim. Now from the 
 other fide of the bank, a great troop of horfemen were entred into the river, enconntred them 
 ■^ in the midli of the channel,and fought with great advantage. For whereas the footmen unfleady i' 
 
 and not able to keep f aft footing ,and hardly trufting the foordjmighteafily be caft afide and over- 
 turned, even by naked horfemen if they did but put forth and prick forward their horfes it skil- 
 led not how:the horfemen on the other fide having their bodies at libertyand able to wield their 
 weapon, with their horfes under them ftanding fureeveninthemidftof theftreamand whirl- 
 pools,might with eafe either fight cloie hand to hand> or affail the enemies aloof. Many of them 
 befides perifhed in the watenfome by the whirling waves of the river weredriven upon the ene- 
 mies, and by the Elephants trodden under foot, and cruflied to death. The hindmott , who might 
 with more fafety recover their own bank, after they were rallied together into one from divers 
 places,as fear had fcattered them ; before they could upon fo great a fright rake heart and come a- 
 gain to thcmfelves, AnmUl who with a tour-fquare battaillon had entred the river, forced to M 
 Hie from theb.ink: and when he had wafted the country, within few dales brought the Carpe- 
 tans alfo under.his obedience. 
 
 And now all beyond /^erw was fubjei^ to the Carthaginians, iheSaguntins only excepted. 
 With whom as yet he would not feem to war: howbeir, to miniflerfomecaufeandoccafion 
 thereof, quarrels were picked, and feeds of diflentions fown between them and their neighbors* 
 * Mmh'isx namely thc*Turdetans. Unto whofe aid, when hewascome, that was himfelf the fower of all 
 people in *pn- ^^e variance,and had fet them together by the ears; and when it appeared plainly that it was tror 
 tugiiU, a matter of right to be tried by la w, but an occafion rather fought of fight and open war ; then 
 
 the Saguntinsfent their Embaftadors to /J<^wf, tor to crave aid againft that war, which doubtlefs' 
 was at hand. The Confuls at that time of Rome, were P.Cor^ielitts Scipio, and Titus Semfronius f^ 
 Z-o«j?«f,who having brought the Embafladors into the Cotmciil Houre,and propofed matters nn- 
 lo theLL. there, concerning the weal publike, anddci-reedtofend their Embafladors into Sfniit 
 to take furvey, and looh into the ftate of their allies : who alfo if they thought it meet, fhould 
 give v4«w^rt/ warning, not to meddlewitb their confederats, andmoleftihe Saguntins ; and 
 withall, to fail over to Cartlmoe into Ajfruk^^ and there make relation of the complaints and 
 grievances of the allies of the people of Rome ■ when, I fay this Embafl'age was decrced.but yet 
 : Mtrvfirt. not fent,news came fooner than all men looked for,thaE * SaaKuttim was already befieged. Then 
 was the matter propounded new againbeforethe S'enate.Some were ofmind todifpatch rhc Con- 
 fuls unto the Provinces of ^'p.iiw and >^jf«(r/^,with commiffion to make war both by I'ea and land. 
 Others thought better to bend all their forces wholly Into Spain againft A»nibal. There were a- (j 
 gainof opinion, that foizreat and weighty an enterprife was not hand overhead, and rafhlytobe 
 attempted ; but rather chat they iTiould attend the return of the Embafladors out of SpAir. : and 
 this advicethat feemed moft fafe,was held for the better,and took place.And therefore. fo much 
 the fooner werethefe Embafladors prderim V! ircus, and Q. Bc'^ms Pantphilns. addrcffcd unto 
 ^;j»/^.t/before Saptntum^ with direiflion, Irom thence to go forward to Cvthaire (in cafe he 
 would not defift and give over war j and for to demand the Captain himfelf, for amends and fatif- 
 hOxon of breakingthe league. But whiles rhc Romans were amufed about thefe conlultations&: 
 
 decrees.
 
 The one and twentieth Boo\of T.Livius. 321 
 
 ^ decrees,5.?ij«>;f«w was by this lime with all forcible means aflaulced. This City of all other mort Saguntum^z- 
 vvcalthy and rich, rtood beyond Ibcr^s-^ lituate aimolt a mile from the Tea. The inhabitants are '^'^g^d ^X '^^', 
 raid to have had their beginning out of the Kland * Zacynthns : and fome among them, were dc- "■*■*'• 
 fcended from -<4?-^M, a City otthe Rntiiians: but they grew wiihinfliorctime tothispuifl'.ince ^'^""'' 
 and wealth of theirs, partly-, by the fruits and revenews of their lands, and partly, by the traffiuk 
 and j^ain of their merchandife, and commodities tranfported byfea, as alfoby theqteat atflucme 
 and encreafe of people.and laltly-by their Itraighc rule of difciplincjivheieby they obfer^ed their 
 troth and loyalty with their allies, even to their ownruirc and finall dellnittion. 
 
 A>Jiiib.'.l:i\iQ.t he had invaded their confines as an enemy, and by way of hollility; with his Ar- 
 
 g my overrun and walied their countrey-beiieged and aflailed the City three waicj. There was one 
 canton or angle of the wail fliooting out into a more plain and open valley, than any other place 
 ail about : againlr which he meant to raile certain m.intlets orfabricks, under vvhi.h he mightap- 
 proach with the Ram to batter the wall. But as the place far from the wal;, was even enough and 
 handfomefor fuch engins of battery to be driven upon: fo after that they came to the proof and 
 execution mdeed-,thc fuccefs anfwered nothing to the enterprife begun. For behdes that thcrewas * 
 
 a mighty tower over-looked ? nd commanded them. the wall it felt (as in a place doubted and fuf- 
 peited) was more fortified and raifed higher there than el!evvhere: andalfothecholenyouth and 
 ableft men were bellowed tc make more forcible relilian^e, where there was like to bemotx trou- 
 ble and danger. And hrli wiih fliot of darts and quarels, and fuch like^they put the enemy back, 
 
 Q and would not fuftcrthe pioneers and labourers in any place to entrench orraiferampicrsinfafe- 
 ty. Inprocefsalfo.they fliot not from the wall only and that tower,and fitewedthem:elves there 
 inarms for defence, but alfo their hearts fcr.ed them to I'aliy forth, and to break into the guards 
 of the enemies yea, and reenter upon their tren hesand fabricks. In whidi skirmifhes there di- 
 ednotmany moreSaguntlns thanCarthaginianb.But fo foon as ^»»//?»«/himtelf,approachingun- 
 advifedly under the wa 1 fortuned t^be woundvd griciouQy in the forepart of his thigh with a 
 dart or light javelin, and therewith tell to the ground :• they all about him lied i'o fail .and were lb 
 I(:ared, that they had like to have given over quite and abandoned their mantlets, add other fa- 
 bricks aforefaid. Afterthi<; for fome few dales, whiles their General was undcrcure of his hurt, 
 they lay at llegerather. than ;o:iowed the aflault. In which mean time, as they relied from skif- 
 
 pj mifhifo they cealed not to invent new de.:i esand to prepare new fabricks. Wherenpon the af- 
 fault began again more hot than before: and in m my parts at on ethey fell to raife ro.lingmant- 
 letsilbmany andl'othi^k t'v.t fomepia' es would not receive them ; and withall to drive the Ram 
 againft the walls. Ai? /^W had men good Itore, for it is thought he was 50000 in Camp ftrong, 
 .The townfmen with devilmg means todefend and fee to everyplace, began touavetheir hands 
 fuli:but all would not lerve Fornow werethe waits beaten with the rams -ind many parts there- 
 of fliaken and battered: and at one place abovt- therelf, by continual battery ihere wis In. h a 
 breachjBS the town lay open and naked to the enemy. After thatjthree iiirrets,jnd ail the wail be- 
 tween fell down with a mighty and norEiBlycrarb,invo:nmha? theC rthaginian; thought verily 
 that with that rufli the town had been won ; by whi. h b'rea. h , as if che wall had protected both 
 
 •£ partiesbefore5they ran lorth together or e.^' 1 1 fide to fighr.The hattell was not [i.<e co a tumultu- 
 ary skirmiflT,fuch as are wont to be about aflault' ofCities. by the occafionand advantage of the • 
 onep.irt or the other ; buia very fet and ranged fie d (as it were) in an open ground bttweciui.e 
 breaches of the wall, and thehonfesoi the town thatliood i- pretty vvaydiiiant within. Ofone 
 lide they were pricked forward with hope ontheother with dclpair ; whiles Annibal thought 
 verily that he was mailer of the town already if he heid on but a little longer ; and the Saguntiris 
 feeing their town bare, and void of wais, oppoftd their bodies in the breach, not oneHepping 
 back afoot,leif inthefpacebetwei-nhe fiionid et in the enemy. The more fiercely therefore,and 
 the thicker and cloier that they fong; t together on both parts, the more were wounded ; and 
 there was not a dart could light in ain between their bodies and their armour, butitdidmif- 
 
 p chief. llieSaguntins ued a we^- pin called F<j/,.?r/<r.z, in manner of a dart, which they let fly and The dcfcriptl- 
 lanced from them having a ;ong lliaft or Heel, round and even every whcpe. toward the one end, o "J^u calkd* 
 where it was headed with iron , and bound about with tow, and- fmeared with pitch. The iron ^-dmU^ 
 head was three foot long that it mightpierce both harnefs and body through. But thegfeateft 
 Icarethatit did was this, although it Huck falf in the target, and entrednoc into the body, that 
 being driven and flung, when the middlcpart warfet on fire, by the motion thereof as ir flew,it 
 gathered much more Hre, forced the fonldier to forfakc his armour, and e.\pofed him difarmed 
 and naked to the fliot fo lowing. Well, the fight continued doubtful alongclme.by reafonth.ac 
 the Saguntins took better heart unto them, becaufe they had relied beyond their hope and expe-- 
 6>ation : and the Carthaginians took thcmfelves vanquifhed, for that they had not got the viffo- 
 
 G ry-and better hand : whereupon. the townfmenallat oncefet upa cry and beat the cncmjes back 
 to the very breaches, and ruins of the wall, and fromthence thrufl them out clean, whi'es they 
 were thus encumbred and affrighted, yea,and at lalf difcomfitcd them. put them to flightjand cha- 
 led them as far as their Camp. ^ 'r ■ ; ' ■■> -v. '^.ts '; 
 
 In the nrvean while news came, that there were EmbafTadors arrived from ^^wr: unto wKorri 
 .y^;*;?;^.!/ dilpatched certain meffengers to meet with them at fealidcand toc.ivethemto under- 
 Ifand, That neither they might fafely withfecurity of theirperfons come among the broiles of 
 fo m.iny barb.\rous & fierce nations ; nor their Mader A»»ihlam.id(\ thofe dangerous and trbuw 
 
 blefome
 
 3 
 
 22 
 
 The one and twentieth Bool\ofT, Livius, 
 
 The Oration 
 of Htuna in 
 the Seait of 
 
 cmbtif. 
 
 K 
 
 * Gathtfif F-Js 
 
 •Bigntna. 
 
 *n\e 
 
 ftme which 
 
 ^/•rf-jindthe 
 Jt.liais in old 
 time Sixi. 
 » A City in 
 S«;i/>,rcitu»te 
 upon «n high 
 hill of it)Jt 
 n»me.Tr(i/'i«»'> 
 or Mor'te S. 
 Juliana »ibi* 
 
 blefome affairs, had any leifure to attend or give audience nnco embaflages. He knew full vvell,H 
 that the EmbafTadors being not received and entertained^would ftraightto Ca-tba^e. Whereup- 
 on, headdrefled aforehand his letters and curriers to the chief of the Barchine faftioHj to frame 
 and prepare the minds of that fide, fo, as they of the other part might net gratifie, or do any 
 thing in favour of the Romans.By which meansjbcfides that they were neither admitted by A;i- 
 nibal, nor audience given them, that embaflagc alfo was in vain,and took no effect at Carthage. 
 Only //■,j;;«<j,notwithttanding the whole body of the Senate was againfj him, fpake with greatfi- 
 lenceand aflent of tl e hearers, by reafon of his authority and reputation^and pleaded to thepoinc 
 of the breach of League.in this wife: '• I have.,quoih he, foretold and warned yon inciiiename 
 " and for the love of the gods,who are the witnefl'es and judges of covenants and confederacies, I 
 " I have,I fay,admonifhed yoUjthatyefhouldnotfendv^Twz/c-^^rhisfon^or any of his breed unto 
 "theCamp: for that neither the ghoft and fpirit, northe progeny and race of that man can reft 
 *' and be quiet ; nor the Roman league will ever be affured and ettablifhed, fo long as there re- 
 <' mained one alive ofthe Barchine name and family. Butfentye have, for all my words, unto 
 ^^ your armies, a youthboiling in ambitionjenflamed with a covetous dehre of being a King,and 
 '' one that feeth no other way thereto, but by railing one war after another , to live guarded with 
 " armies and legions about him. In which action of yours,ye have as it were miniBred dry tewel>. 
 •^ and put oilto the fire : ye have, I fay, fed thatfirejwherewith ye now allarefet aburning.Your 
 *' armies now behege Saji^untum^ from which by covenant and vertue of the League they are de- 
 *' barfed. Within a while and fhortly will the Roman legions lie in fiegebcf'ore/'<»rr/>i«g-fj under 
 ' the conduift and guidance,no doubt,of thofe godsjby whofe fupport and aid in the former war, 
 * they were revenged for the breach of the accord and alliance. What ? know yet not yet^either 
 '*yowrenemy,oryonrfelves, or the fortune of both nations ? This good Captain and gentle Ge- 
 <' neraljforfooth of your making,would not admit and receive into his CampEmbaffadori com- 
 'Mngfrom ourallies,and in the ^ehalt alfo of our allies: wherein lie abolifhed the law ofNations. 
 '* Howbeitjthey havingtakena repulfe, from whence even the very Emballadors of enemies, are 
 *'not wontto be repelled, are comeuntoyou, and by vertue of their League demand amends of 
 *' trefpals and reftitution or fatisfaftionfor their damages. Ancl prefuppofe the State be not tou- 
 *' ched nor culpable in this Aftionj hey require no niore.but to nave the author himfelf in peribn, 
 *' who is thc'offender. The more gently they deale,and the longer it is ere-they bcgin,the more L 
 " obflinatthey will be,and continue with greater rigour(I fear me)if they once begin. Set before 
 *' y oOr eyes the Iflands * R^gata-, and * Eryx : and what for thefe four and twenty years paft, ye 
 " have endured both byland and I'ea.Neither was this beardlefs boy our Captain then.but his fa- 
 " ther Amdcar himfelf, even a fecotid Mars-, as thefe his fuppofts would have him. But what of 
 " that ? We could not then,according to our league, hold our hands, andlec Tareritum in Italy a- 
 " lone ; like as now we are doing with Sagtmttim. Therefore, both Gcd and man took the mat- 
 <' icr in h.ind, and v,anquiflied us in the end: and when we were at arguing and debating the cafe 
 '' with difcouife of words about this,point,Whether Nation of the twain had broken the league? 
 ' the event ol warsasanindifFerentaLdequall judge,awarded victory where theright wa>-.And 
 '■ Carthage it isjagainft which,^i»»/^i7/ even now hath reared mantlets ,towers,and other engins M 
 " of aflault : even now,battereth and Oiaketh he Carthage wals with the Ram. The ruins of 5^- 
 '•£»;jf«>57^God grant 1 be a falreProphct)willfall upon our heads, and the war begun with the Sa- 
 *'guntins,wemufl maintain 'againrt the Romans. How then? (will fome man fay) fnallwe yield 
 "I^»w^^//untoihem?l know well, how fmall my authority is in this point, byreaionof theold 
 *' grudge and enmity between me and his father deceafed. Howbeit, as I rejoyced,that ^w;7c<7r 
 " was <lead,for that if he had lived (lilbwe fhould erenow have warred with the Romans: fo this 
 *' veryyouth,an impeof hisj hateand detel^as theveryfury and fire-brand of this war: whom 
 "I would have bymy goodwill, notonly toberendredunto them, for to purge and expiate the 
 ''breach ofleagiie; but if no m.m would challenge him for tobepunifliedjwould award that he 
 "fhould be carried and tranfported as far as theie is fea or land and to be fent away thither fromN 
 *' whence we might not once hear of him again, and where hemight never trouble the quiet and 
 '^ peaceable Hate of this City any more.Over and befides.my opinion and refolution is that fome 
 '' Embafladors be fent prefent'y to Rorne.to fatisfie theSenate : and others alfo, with a meffage to 
 '' Annibd that he withdraw hisiorcesfrom Sagmjtum'&nd with commilfion torecderup Anni- 
 ^'/J^/ himfelf into the Romans hands,according to thetenour ofthcLf":ne: and a third Fm'oaf- 
 *' fage likewife to the Saguntins, for to make rellitution and amends for their harais and loffes al- 
 " ready fuftained. When //.«»ohadmadeanend ofhisfpeech, itwasJkogetherneedkfs, that " 
 any one man there fliould make reply, and debate the matter-with him by way of Or,.ticn, the 
 whole Senate was lo podeded already and wrought for Ar.nih4 : and with cne voice they blamed 
 Wanno. and lounded it out, That he had made a bitter fpeech, and more favouricgotpn enemy, o 
 thinTlaccus Vi'leriw himfclftheRonjan Embaffador. After thi:;, th(iRom?.n Em.bjffi.dorshad 
 this anfwer returned. That the war began by the Saguntins,ard not by A;miluil,h\io.x{\:'X the peo- 
 p'e of Rome offered them in jury > in preferring the Saguntins before the moft ancient alliance of 
 the Carthaginians. VV'hiles theRomans thus fpent time in lending Embaffages, Anmbd having 
 wearied his men, what with skirmifl)es, and what with trenching and raifing mounts and fa- 
 bricks .he gave them reft Ibme few d lies and beftovved certain good j^u^rds to ward and keep the 
 mantlets and ot her engins of battery .In the mean feafon he encouraged his fouldiers,and fet rheir 
 
 hearts
 
 The one and wentieth Boo{ ofT. Li vius. 323 
 
 j>^ hearcs on fire, partly, by pricking and provoking them to anger againlt their ertem5es, and part- 
 ly, by drawing ihetn . n, and alluring them with hope ofgteat revv.ird_s. But afte'riic -had once in 
 a general ailetnbiy msde proclamation. That the Ipoil and pilLige ihould be the loiildiers fliare ; 
 ibey were all fo enkindled and enH.wned , that if prelently he had founded the I'lgnal of battel , ic 
 feemed , that no force in the World had been able to rehli them. The Sagnncins, as they had 
 fome red from i-kirmilli-; and continued certain dayes, neither rfliiling nor aSVuied : fo they fave 
 not over labouring niiiht and day v for to mike up anew wall andconnter-mure, on that i.deof 
 the Town whii h lay open by realon of breache-. But aherthis, grew the :.llai!!: morehot and 
 furious than b' fore: neicner will they well (the fliouts and alarms ^vere fo divers and dHlonant on 
 Bevery lide) w.icther totomehrfb^or where was molt need oflicipr.ndfuiconr. A>r;Mnl himi'elf 
 was p^efent in perfon to encourage and exhort his fouldicrs, where as the roiiling Tn wer Was dri- . % - 
 
 ven whi^h was fe high, that it overlooked alithemures'awd counrer-Fabiickscjfthc'C'iry^^n'db'^-' 
 ing on.e appro^ hed neer the wafSvturniOied as it was in every loft and Bory, widi ofdnariie of- 
 quarrel fliot.brakes.and other artiljeryv beat the defendants !rom ofi thevva!|^.,fo as none dttrfl a- 
 bide upon them. Then >4> w/S../ tailing the time, -and fiippofing that he bad now a'^dbd opportn- 
 cityprefented unto him- fent about 500 Atfricans tb.uvVerepidners wfth pitk-ax-eV," mattocks 
 and fuch like tool-.,|o undermine the wall- yea, and to di_i^ into it from the very foubdation. And 
 that was no hard matter to do , forihatthe cement or morter was not hardned and bc^nhd with 
 lime, but tempered with earthanc|i-liy:,afterthe old manherot building : and therdorc'thc wall 
 Ctame tiimbiing down before it vvas hewn and vVronght into : and through ilie widcbreachcs, 
 who e troops of armed fouldiers entred the Town: and withal, they feizedx'sne high |)lace a- 
 bove the relt. whereon they planted their artillery and ordnincecf flings and brakts;, apd caita 
 wa:l about it that they might have within the very City a fort and balfilion of r'neifowh/likda 
 Calf eco oieilookall. TheSaguntinslikewiferaiied another mure within alongthat fide wheire 
 the Town a- yet was not taken ; So that on both f.des they made fortifications,, and alfo fought 
 withall tiieir might and main. But the Saguntins defending the inner parts, by Hltleiftd little 
 broughttheir rowndjilyinto a fmallercompafs. And by that means, as aub by reifftn ofthe 
 long iiegc, as fcarcity and want of aH things grew more and more fo the cxpcdlation qfforrain aid 
 andluccour was every day lefs than other : the Romans their only hope, being fofair Oft' Snd their 
 D enemies fo neer on every hand.. Howbeit, the fudden rode and journey of AnJiihi':i.^?.\p'A the * * Tl.e inhsbi- 
 Oretans -and ' Carpetans, refreOved for a while their troubled and afflicted fpirics, Thefe.lvyb Ha- |^'"J^ °^ ^'^* 
 tions being riCen npon a difcontemmmt of a (freight mu(k'r and ligoroiii levy of foitlti|'ers, had . i„ti,e rfalra 
 ftaied and-detained thofe MuRer-mMters, that bad in commifiion to r.ike up all fufft.' idnt'and able of ro/f.'..rt. 
 menforthe wars and fo.madefome fliew and fear bf rebellion: but being pre vented ih'tlie begin-, 
 ningby the fp>:edy coming of Ann-.l-^ /, were foon quiet, and laid down their arms. BiU tlie aflault 
 of 5^^««r«?» continued neverthelefs. For Maharbd^ Hir-.ho hisfon whom A-:mhath7.i\e''' ^- - 
 hindas Lieutenant , fobeliirredhim.elf , that neither the Towtilmen nor the enenr. ' j 
 
 mifs or ab'en:e of the General, This Mahayhdh:.d made f9mefortunat skifmif!.^ : , . r; j v.ith 
 three rams fliaken a good part ofthe wall,fo as he fliewed to Ai^nibaUx. hi^ -erur;: all lyiVigilbhg 
 E and every place Uillof frefh ruins. Whereupon the army wasprefently bro-jght agaiiiiUhe very' 
 Caff le of the City, where began a cruel and bloudyconfliil, with theiiaughter of m.iny cnbcih: 
 fides, and one part ofthe faid fottrefs was forced and won. 
 
 Afterwards there was lome treaty of peace and agreement , by means of two perlons, Ahcn a 
 S3guntine,and y//fl>-c^aSpmicrd,and fome fmallhoperaere wasofic, ^/co;? li.ippofinghe^:onld 
 fomewbat prevail by way ofrequelf and entreating, without knowledge ofthe Saguntin-'-, depar- 
 ted away by night to A-mild. But after that he faw, that with all his weeping he could do no 
 good, but that heavy and intolerable articles and capitulations of pea:e were exhi^iicd,.'is from a 
 wrathful conqueror , of an Orator, proved tobe a very triytor, and remained Hiil in the camp 
 with theenemies,faying,thar be was fure to die > whofocver flaould move theSaguntins to peace, 
 f under thofe conditions. For demanded it was of tiae Saguntins, /w.p'/w/Vjro make reliitution to 
 the Turdetans of all harmes and loffes. Item^ to deliver up all thcirgol^ ard filvcr, Iiem^ tbquic 
 the Town, and depart but with one fute of apparel apiece ; and thereto d. veil wheretheCar- 
 thaginians would appoint. When ^-://ca>2avouc*ied plainly. that the Sagnntini would never ac-ept 
 of peace with thefe conditions, ^4 /ore /« replied again and faid. That feeing al things ele row 
 failed them, their hearts alfo muff need< come down, and fail likewif; ; and shcfevvith promifed 
 todel'> er untoihern the tenor ofthe faid pea. e, and to be a mediator and dea'er inrhe 0mp.1l- 
 fing tfereof, Attnat cimeheferved ■ ,-?;;.7'a' as a private fou'dier: bowbex'd p'j'irKki'ricnd be 
 \vas,and an holf and gueif of old tothe Sagnntins. Who havi,ng'n fight ofaf men yeeldc<i up his 
 offenfix e arms, tothe w.irders ofthe enemies, and palled therarupiers wr.,;;- night (for fohim-. 
 G felfdefir&d) before theCo -ernor and PftivoH of S.'Mr.yititr,:. Thither crme r:inning pre'^ently, a 
 Humber of all fort- of people : but after the red of the multitude were coTimahded ro void Alor- 
 ciis\w:\fi called into -heir Conncel houfe, and having audiente given, m^de • Iv- or thebke ■nee'.h 
 untoihcm. ' If .-;7i.-i7>?your( ounrrymm and fellow citi/.cn, a'; became ♦romyonto ^.-^//^^/^or -r!,„ OratK 
 " totreac about peice, bad likcwiVe brought back again onto yon I'rom .^.-j-.vf..?/ the conditions ofw/,»a«a 
 
 ion 
 
 tear.
 
 324 ^he one and twentieth Boo}{ofT, Livius. 
 
 "tear himfelfis to blame; but if they ftand in danger that report a truth untoyou, then are yc in ^ 
 " great fault. 1 therefore, to the end ye {liouldootbe ignorant, but that there are conditions 
 " offred to you of life, of fafety. ard of peace ; in regard of old amity and acquaintance, in regard 
 ''■(Ifay) of mutual iniertainmcKt long time between us, am now come onto you. And that yc 
 ' may believe,that whatfoever you {hall hear delivered from me,irpeak it for your good, and for 
 •• the favour of no man elfe ; this ore thing, if no more, may alfure you, that neither fo long as 
 "ye were able to make refiBanceby yourownfirength? norallthe while that ye hoped for aid 
 *'from the Romans, I never made word or mention of peace unto you. But feeing now,thatye 
 < '• have not any hope at all from the Romans, and that your own forces and City walls,are able no 
 ^' longer to defend you : I prefent unto you a peace,more neceflary, I confefs, than equal and rea- I 
 " fon*b!e. Whereof you may have fome hope, in thefe terms ; namely, if as j4nnihal off ereth and 
 '' prefenteth it like a conquerour^ fo you will hear of it, and accept thereof as conquered : if I fay, 
 '' ye will not make reckning of that which you forgo as a lofs and damage (feeing by extremity all 
 " is the victors^ but that which is left, as gain and advantage yea, and freely given unto you. Your 
 "Town, whernof a great part is ruinated by him, and which he hathtaken in manner all, that he 
 " mindeth to pur you by : your Lands and poflefTions he leaveth unto you, purpohng to fet yon 
 " out a plot of ground, whereupon you may build your felves a new City. Your gold andfilvet 
 *'all, as vveil common treafure as private monies and plate, he commardeth to be brought unto 
 "him: the bodies of youL wives aid children he is content to fpareandfave undefilcd : upon this 
 *' condition that you will depart without armor, and with adouWefuit of apparel a peecCjand no K 
 "more. Thefe are the impof.tions that your enemy (a conqueror) demandeth: Which albeit they 
 " be hard and grievous, yet your fortune and (late is fuch, as you mu(f allow thereof and be con- 
 *' tent. For mine own part, lam not out of hope,but when you have put all into his hands, he 
 <' will deal better by you, and remit fomew hat ot thefe conditions. But I think ye were better ta 
 ''abide all this, rather than your bodies to be mnrdrcd , your wives and children to be ravifhed, 
 *' baled and forced before your faces, as the la w and manner of war requireib. 
 
 To the hearing of this Oration the people had flocked about ^ and by little and little entcr- 
 mingled their own aflcmbly w'th the Senators : and all of a fuddcn the chief of them withdrew 
 themfeWes and departed before anfwer vvas given : and brought ail their lilver and gold, as well 
 publick as private, into the market place : and when they h?d i.a(f it into a great fire made hallily L 
 for that purpofe, moW of them threw themlelves into it headlong after. Whereupon there being 
 a fear and trouble already throughout the whole City: behold another outcry befides and noilc 
 vvas heard from the Cjffle. For a certain Tower that had been a long time battered and fhaken, 
 fell down ; fand at the breach thereof, a band of Carthaginians made entry, and gave fign to their 
 General that the City was abandoned of the ordinary Watchmen and corps de guard oiiti^tDe- 
 mies, and altogether lay open and naked. AnmlAl fuppofing it was no wifedom to negleft and 
 flack fo good an opportunity, with all his forces at once aflailed the City-, and wan it in the turn- 
 ing of an hand: and preiently gave order that all above fourteen years ofagefliould be put to the 
 The winning fvvord. A cruel commandment no doubt, but yet needful, as afterwards it was well feenin the 
 o{s«2«»j«w. cad and upHiot of all. For who wou'd have (pared and taken pity 01 thofe,that cither fhut them- w 
 felves with their wivesand children into their houfes, and burnt thtm over their own hads, or 
 in their armor, gave not over f ght before they died ? Thus was the Town won with exceedin« 
 (lore of pillage within it. And albeit much was fpoiled on purpofe by the owners, and that in 
 the mafl'aire and execution they had norefpeft of age in rhe tury of their anger : and for all that, 
 the prifoners fell to the fouldiers fhare ; yet certain it is, that of the goods fo;d in port-fale, there 
 a role a good round piece of mony: and much rich houftiold fluff and cofily apparel was fent to 
 Carthaj^e, 
 
 Somethere be that write, how Sa^mtumviti^ won the eight Month after the fiege began: and 
 that from thence ^ww^^j/ departed to winter in new * Carthagt: as alfo.that the fifth month after 
 'Ctrugm: he departed from Gmha^e, he arrived in Italy. Which beii^ fo, it cannot be, that P. Coryielitu N 
 and 7'. Semfronim Hi ould be the Confuls, unto whom both in beginning of the fiege, the Sagun- 
 tin Embafladots were fent ; and who alio intheir year of government fought with Annihd^ the 
 nttfinf. one "c^r ^be river * T/f;>»fef,and both together a good while after,3t * Trebta. And we muft fay, 
 
 • Sefltrtit. that either ail thefe things were atchieved in ftiortertime agood deal, or elfe that Sagu^tHmm the 
 beginning of that year, wherein P, Cornelius and T. Stm-pro-nitu v/ett Confuls,began not to be be- 
 fieged ; but finally was forced and won. For the battel at Trelia could not be fo long after, as to 
 fall in the year wherein Ck. Servilus and C. Flammlus were Confuls. For that Flamiuius entrcd 
 hisConfulfhipat Anmmttm^ and was created by T. Sempronius, Conful, whoafterthebaitel of 
 Trchia came to Rome to eledl Confuls, and after the Eledion was ended jreturned again to his ar- 
 my, into the wintering harbours, • Q 
 
 About the fame time, as well the Embaffadors which returned from C^rz/j^^,?, brought word 
 to Rome that there was nothing but war : as alio tidings came, of the deflrudlion oiSa^umum. 
 And lo greatly grieved and forrowed the Senators , and pitied withal their allies thus unworthily 
 maffacred fo aflhamcd in themfelves they were, that they had not fentaid in time,fo deeply offen- 
 ded and incenfed with indignation againft the Carthaginians , yea , and fo mightily feared the 
 lofleoftheverymninchanceat home , as if the enemy had been already at the gates of the City: 
 that in very deed, having their minds poffefl'ed at one time, with fo many troubles , they rathet 
 
 trem-
 
 The one and mentieth Boo^ofT. Livius. 
 
 ^ trembled and quaked for fear, than fetled themfelves to confukation and counlei. For they con- 
 hdered and fa w very well, that neither a more fierce and warlike enemy ever encountred with 
 ihem : nor the State of Ro7ne was at any time fo refty. fo feeble, and fo iindifpofed to war. More- 
 over) it was commonly faid, that the * Sardi, * Cor ft, * H/firi^ and * luyrici had rather i.ha knged ' The Hinders 
 the Romans, and made bravados of war, than exerciled and toiled them in any hardconrticfs : ^^*saiHUgna. 
 as for the Gaul^they were but tumults, rumorSj and alarms which they m>ide, and no wars in- ^^, cl'tina" ^" 
 deed: but tl,e Carthaginians theirenemies, they were old beaten fouidicrs, inured and hardned ♦ rh people of 
 for this 25 years in moR difficult fervice of war, amongrt the SpaniOi Nations, and went away e- ilt'if. 
 ver with viilory ; firlt trained and pradiled under Jn-jilcn-^ then tinder Jfdrulal., and now Jalily ' *^''^ p'^P'^of 
 B under the condu6l of ^a^//^<?/, a right hardy and valiant Captain. Coniidering moreover , thac ^' •'^''""''* 
 now he cometh frefh from the ruin oi Saguntmn , a molt rich City , and p.ilTsjth (haight-wayes 
 over Ibcriu : drawing after him attain of fo many nations of the Spaniards, exerafed already by 
 him in the war.'; : and will no doubt raife the Gauls, a people at all times ready to take arms : fo 
 as now they were to wage wjr in In.ly, with nomorebut all the World behdes, yea, and under 
 the walls of ;'vowf,for the defence ot the City. 
 
 Now had the Provinces been nominated and appointed before to the Confnl-; : but then were 
 they commanded by caHing lots , to part them between them. To( o,-,:e!:!n fell 5j? '7,7 ; To Sc-m- 
 froniHi Aftiick and Sicily. Likewife decreed it was, that for that year, there Oiould be levied fix 
 Legions of Rom3n^ : and of allies, as many as they thought good: alfo that as great a nai y as might 
 C be, fliould be rigged and fet out. So there were enrolled 24000 Roman lootmen, and of horfe- 
 men 1800: of aiiies 44000 foot, and 4000 horfe ,2 20 galiies, with fivccoiirfe oto.irscna hde, 
 and twenty foiUs, wete fet aflote. Alter this, a bill was preferred untothc people; that it rinighc 
 pleafe them to determine and grant, that warfliould be proclaimed .-^gainii the people oiiar- 
 thag-e. And in regard of that war, there was alfo a folemnfnpplicationholdcn through the City: 
 wherein the people adored and prayed the Gods to profper and bring to an happy end , this war 
 which the people of/Jowf had determined. And betwixt tbeConiuls thu:^ were the for.es ai\i- 
 ded : Semfromn: had the conduct of two Legions , tonfiHing of four thoufand foot , and three 
 hundred horfe a piece; alfo of allies (ixteen thoufand foot, one thoufaiid and eight hundred 
 Horfe, behdes 1 60 gallies, and twelve bark<; or foilis. With this power forL-ndandSea fer>ice, 
 D v/is Sempronrifs \cni inio Sic./y, from thence to pafie over into Affrick, in tafc the other Conful 
 were able to impeach the Carthaginians for coming into Italy. CoryicLush^id the charge of a fmal- 
 ]erpower:for that L.May:litis the Pretor, was fent in perfon into fr^^cc with a fufficicnt army : 
 but in the number of (hips efpecially, was Cornelius fcanted 60 gal'ies of five banks ol oars he had, 
 and no more , (for it was fu ppofed that the enemy would reither come by Sea, nor fight in that 
 kind of fervice) and two Roman Legions with the full proportion of Hoifemen.and 1 4000 foot- 
 men of allies, with I aoo men of arms. That Province of Fr^w^ (in tho^ep.;rts where theCar- j. 500 fj aU- 
 thagianwas wasexpefted^ had that year two Legions of Roruan footmen, 14000 a. lies, befides gun. 
 looo Horfe from them, and (5ooo of the Romans. When all things were thus prepared, to the 
 end that before \varbegan,itmightappearthey dealt by order oflaw, and with jullice; and that 
 E all due complements might be performed, they fent certain grave and ancient perfonages in Em- 
 baffie into Affrick, to vi'\K.-,Q^.Fabius^M,Liv:u;^L.ty£myltus-, C,Lici;2:us^z.T,d Q^ BcbiHs, Firftito 
 demand and know ofthe Carthaginians, Whether ^^;?3;^^t/by their publick warrant and autho- 
 rity, befieged and A^iuedtSaguntHm ? then, if they avowed the aft, and flood to it (as they were 
 like todojconfefilng that it was done by the counfel ofthe State ; to give defiance, and pro.liim 
 open war agalnlf them. The Romans being arrived at 0?rf/;.t^^ir, had audience given in their Se- 
 nat-houfe : where, after Q^. Fabhts had briefly demanded nothing elfe, but that one thing which 
 he had in charge and commiffion, then a principal Senator among the Catihaglnians'llood up and 
 fa id : 
 " Your former Embaffage, my mafters of Rome, was even as vain as this, when ye required and The oration 
 F " would needs have Annibd to be yeelded unto you ; as if be had befieged Sagmtum of his own o:'; Senaior m 
 " head, x'^nd as forthis, that you come with now, howfoever in words it feem more mild and canhait. 
 "fmooth, in very deed and in truth it is more rude and rigorous : for then, was yi;.7;;^.t/ only 
 *' charged and demanded to juiiice ; but now are we both urged to acknowledge a fault, and alfo 
 " forced to make reftitution and fatisfaftion out of hand ; as if we had avowed and confefl'cd the 
 " ailion. Formineown part, of this mind ami, that the rafe ought thus to be laid, and the que- 
 *'ftion brought to thisilTre) not whether 5^_f««f;.»;w.s befieged by a pri vat perfon, or pub itk 
 " Councel; but whether by right,or wrongfully. For to erquire and examine whether our citizen 
 *'and fubjeft have done this by our advice, orofhimfelCpercaineth to us alone, as alio to cenfure 
 " and punifli him accordingly: with you weare to debater hi": point only, Whether it might Ihnd 
 G ''with the league to do it, or no ? And therefore fince itpleafeth you that vvefliou'ddifpute and 
 " diftinguifh between the adion of a General, warranted by thepublick Stare, and anenterprife 
 '^ proceeding from his own motive ; ye flialj nnderfia^d that there was indeed a league between 
 "you and us contradedby L»ff/«f/«.fthe Con'\ll. wherein there is a daufe, comprifingthe allies 
 *' of both parties: as concerning the Saguntins (who a^ rhen werenonc of your confcdenrs)there 
 t'- was not one word atall therein: butinthat league, (ye will fiiy^ th.u was contracted with A[- 
 * drubaU the Saguntins are exprefly named and exccpred : to which I have nothing to plcjd , but 
 '* even that which I havelearned of you. For ye your felvesdenied;that ye were bound to (land 
 c Ffi to .
 
 p 6 "The one and twentieth BooJ\ofT, Livius. 
 
 '* cothat accord which C. LuBatius your Confiil firrt made with us, becaufe it palTed neither by h 
 "confemcf the nobles, nor grant of the people. Whereupon, ihere was another Icjguc anew 
 "drawn ovt', and by piibJck agreement enailed. iFyonthtn, bcnct tied to obicrveyoiix 
 < leagues, nnlersiheybeaiKStonfedby the noblesjcr ratified by the peopleco more canthe league 
 " of Jfd u''J!l obige us^which he concluded without our privity ard knowiedge. Forbear there 
 " fore to ipeak either of 5.t^»»f«/», otlherus'y and what your mind haih To long tonceived, 1^ 
 'Vic hatch now at length , and bring it forth. Then jQ^. F,</';'/jtbe Roman Embafludor, having 
 made a hollow lap within the plait and told of his fide gown Here quoth he, within this bppct, 
 we prefent and offer war and peace unto you , take whether ye will. At which word, they all 
 cryed out at once with a^ great rtomsck and boldnefs : Mary even which you will your Jeif, I 
 Whereat he let his robe lool'eagiin; Why then, there is warjquothhe,take it amongllyou jLet 
 come fay they all ag.iin, and weLcme be it ; and as willingly as we accept thereof>folhall we fol- 
 low and manage it as throughly. 
 
 This diretl: demand 3 and r.nnd denouncing of wdr, feemed more for the honor of the Ro- 
 man;, than to make much dilpute.md argument about the right of the cause , and of thecovc- 
 rant';; a vain matter before, but now efpcci.-liy after the winning and dellruftionof 5^^^;«;t«»?, 
 For if the qucllion were tobc decided by vvordc and rcafoning , that league of yi[driibal\sh,\:\\ 
 was exchanged for the former of L.'.'t?.7f(«.v, was notihefam.e northerenor thereof to bccompa- 
 red : feeingihal inthc accord o{ Lullatin;^ thisbianJi and provifo was cxpreflely added, [lliat 
 it Qiouldilandgood, and be ratified , if the people approved thereof:] \jvx'mi\\'M, o\ yjfdrubai., K 
 there was noiuch condition at all : and behdes, theco.cnant torfo many year? (pace during his 
 life, wasfoeilabliflicdand confirmed, and no word to the contrary; that when the very maker 
 and author thereof was dead, there wasno change and alteration. Andyet, put cale they fiiould 
 have flood upon the former allijnce;the Saguntins were therein wellenough compriled and pro- 
 vided for in that the allies of either part were excepted and comprehended. For neither wa^ this 
 sclaufe added I They whoai that time were allies] noryet were they exreptedagainll, who afftr- 
 wards fliouldbecome, or be admitted allies. And feeingihst it was lawful toentertain newccn- 
 federats, who is it that would judge it reafonabic, ciiherihat no man fhould be received unto 
 ?miry for any good defertwhatfoevcr \ or being ohlc received intoprotedionjlvould not be de- 
 fended accordingly : Provided avvaycs, ib,t no allies of the Carthaginians fhould either be folli- L 
 cited to rebellion. or received again, if cithemfehcs they once revolted. 
 
 The Roman Embaff3dor.'a<; they vvcrccommsnded iX.Romc pafled thefeas (torn C m-tl fijelmb 
 Spatial f<^r to vifit ah the Cities and to fee whethei they could either draw them to their focietjr, 
 orw'thdrjw them from theCarthaginian.?. And firll they came to thcBargvhans, wherebeing 
 courtf oufly entertained ( for weary they were ofthe Caithaginian.s government) they I'lrred up 
 many ;,ther nations beyond jbe m^vo have a dehre to change for a new wo^ld. From thence they 
 came to the Volfcicin^, whole not ib!c aniwer reported throughout all ^^w^, turned away all other 
 States from banding with the R mans : frr thu:- in a folemn aflembly a fige and ancient father a- 
 Tbeanfwcr of mongthem framed bis anfwer. With what fa:e c..nye;^Romans)require usto prefer your friend- 
 one ot the "• fliip and , mity before tueCarthaginiansPieeing that the Saguntins who did the fame^havebeen y^ 
 principal Vol- " more cruely by you their allies betrayed ihanby their enemies the Ca;th.iginians deliroyed? 
 fciaos \nSfam, ct gy my advice go and leek you conieder^t^ there .where the woful calamity and mifery oiScgun- 
 Embaflidors'." " t«wi^ not known. The lamentable ruins of whi.h City as it is a doleful example fo it flialloea 
 '' notable warning to all nations of 5;>.«/2 , that no m.m ever after rep'^ietruB in the proteif ion 
 *'ardfociety of the Roman:. Whereupon, they were commanded lodcpnrt vhe borders of the 
 Volicians immediately, and in no Diet or Coiin.e!of J'/)<!';;. had triey afterwards any better en- 
 tertainment, and more courteous language. Thu.s ha\ nig in <. ain gone through all Spa.nx\\z) took 
 their way into Ca-'l: whs''e they faw a Urange fight and a fc .rtnlfalliiop : toi all in ardour (fuch 
 •was theguife andmanner ot the country) they came to their publii.k afiemblies :and there,thefe 
 Emb.-'.lf.idors a'ter they had fer out in goodly words the gre.itnefs and glory tf the people c'( Rome^ N 
 and highly magnified their large empire anddomii ion , and thereupon m,-deri=que(t , thatthey 
 would not give the C -.rthagini.^ns le.ne(who minded to make war upon //^'>.)for to pafs through 
 their Cities and Towns ; hcreat they fet op I'uchalaughte , with a' ertain grumbling and mur- 
 muring, that f -•irccly cou d theyout.. be liilled andquieted by the MagiHrats and Eiders ; fo fot- 
 tifli,fotoolini .-■nd fliamcleK fumed this demand^ in their .on eic: that they fliould once ima- 
 gine that the Ciuls 'rcrefu-V AO'es, astiieywonid be content (rather than to let the war pafie 
 into Ityh) to avert and tuirn it upon thcmlelves, and to fuffer yea, and offer their own territories 
 to beipoiled and foraged,iorthefafety(forfouth) of other mens Lands.who were but meet ihens 
 and ftr5nj?ers imro the-r). The noife ardg.rbo!; being at length hufhr and appeafed, thisan- 
 fwer WIS returned to the Hmb.',ffadors : '■'• Th.it v)ciiher the fvomanshad defered f© well,nor the q 
 " Cirthsginiansfoi'l at their hands, that they fliou'diake zrms either for Romans , oragainft 
 "Carthaginians. But contrrry-wife they were ndicni Vd slist.iome of rheir nation- wereby 
 " the peop'e o*" /^^wf driven out of the man hes and > onfines o'^ /^^i/r pur to pay tribute, yea- and 
 " ind:)redotiieroutr.;ges 3 nd indignities. The like demands and <(nvver.''pafred ro and fro in 
 other Councels ard Affemblies of r;,i'.7: neither cou'd they mref with an-, friendly entertein- 
 ment, or have pea cable wo-ds given them, before the\ c.-mcto *>'</////<i:whae; after diligent 
 »Mir{(lUa, inquiry, and faithful fearch made by their allies? they had true ad^crtifcments,. that Jmibal 
 
 afore-
 
 ,r 
 
 The one and tiventieth Boo{ ofT, Li vius. 
 
 f. aforehand had wrought the hearts oftheGaulstohis own purpole , and was poffefled of them : 
 but they underliood withal , that they were net Hke to i. ontinue lorg in good terms of kirdnefs 
 and favor even to him, (fo fierce and fav age, I'ounuacL-ible are they, and untamed by nature) un- 
 lefs their Piincesand Rulers be ever and anon well fed and plied wich gold, whereot that nation 
 \ of all other is moll greedy and covetous. The Roman Embafl'-idorf, having thus gone their cir- 
 ' cuit o\ er all the States ot Spam and Gaul, returned to Rome > not long after that the Cofl". had ta- 
 ken their journey inco their Provinces: where they found the whole City poflelled with theex- 
 peftation of war: fo rife and currant was the rumor and bruit abroad , that the Carthaginians 
 were already paflsd o vcr the River //>«•«*. 
 B yt/»;;/^.</aftei the winning of 5^^«;.f«w, had retired himfelf to winter in new C*rf/:».?!^f: and 
 there having intelligence whathad been doneand decreed as weilat Rorne^asnC 'rtla:e [in A- 
 fnck^] and that he was reputed not only the Captain Cjcneral and Condiidlor, but alio the very 
 author and caufe ofallthiswar; fo foon as he had divided andfold.the relt ofthebooty and pil- 
 lage that remained, thought good now to make no longer delayes, bucaflembledthelooldiers of 
 theSpanifli Nation, and to them he fpake in this manner. '• My truliy friends .md loyal contede- The fp-echof 
 *Tats,T am perfwadcd.tbatyeyourfelvesda fee as well as l,now thatal the ^tacesof.*^/>-.>«arein ^K>t'h"itoiM 
 *' peace and quietnefs, that either ye are to make an end otfouidicry,and all our tones to be culled ^'P-^''^ f""^' 
 *' and difcharged from fervice ; or elfe that ye mud remove the war into other Lands. For io "'*• 
 "fhall thcfeNationsprofperand flourifli, and not only enjoy the b elTing'- ol peace hut alio reap 
 C'* the fruits of war, if we willfeek to gain riches , and to acquire gio;y and tionor from others. 
 "Sin.e therefoie we are to war fhortiy far from heme, and doubt it is. when you llialliee again 
 " your houfes, and whacfoever thereis deer unto you : if any otyoubedenrous kj viht home, his 
 "wifeandchiidren, kinsfolk, andfriends. 1 give him licene and free paiporc. Butlommand 
 *' you withal, to fiievv your lelves here again before me, in the beginning ot the next Ipring ; thac 
 *'with the help ofGod, we may in hand with that war, wherenv we flialipur. hafeboth vvorfhip 
 *^and wealth. There was not one in a manner but well an.eptcd oi.ihis liberty fo frankly onercci 
 by himfelf,and werede* roustohavealighcofhoui'e and land ^bth i or itiat every one alrejdy lon- 
 ged fortheir friendM and kindred, and forefavv in Ciriher time to come , a greater mifs, and caufe 
 ofmore longing after chem. This rell all Winti^rtime, between their travelspafl, andihofeihey 
 D were loon after to endure , refreflied as well their bodies astheirminds , and prepared them to 
 abide .nd endure all new pains whatfoever. So in the v ery prime of the fprirg, according to the 
 Edidi aforefaid they all aflembled together again. Anynhal h.iv ing taki.-n a adulter and furvey of 
 the aids that were lent unto himfrorn all thole Nations, went to* Gad s; and tbcre,to Hercules » cacll^ or Ca- 
 hepaidhisold ows, and bound himfelf to new, if therell of hisenierprizes fliouldlpeedwell la Maiis , oif 
 and have good fn A els. After this, dividing and cafling care indifferently, as well for offenlive as ^'^"' 
 defenfne war donbting left while? he went by Land through Spain and Frdnce into It^ily^Africl^ 
 Ihould :ie open and naked to the Romans from Sic ly fide ; purpofed to fonifie and make that 
 part lure with ;trong gnrifons. In lieu whereof, he fent for frelli fupply out of Afnck^ , fpecially 
 of Archers and Jave.otiers and thole hghtiy armed: to the end, that the Africans might ferve in ,^ 
 
 E ^/>>««, and the Spaniards in v4/Wc^; like (both the one and the other) to prove the better foul- 
 diers , far from their own countries, and being bound as it were, with mutujl and reciprocal 
 pledges. So he lent into Jfrick^i 3850 footmen, armed with light targets, and 870 flingcrs ofthe 
 Iflands* Balcare!^ 1 200 Horfemenalfo out of fundry Nations. Which forces hedifpofed, partly ^ x^voidanc 
 for thedefence o'iCanhage^ and partly tobe divided through Africli-. forthe guard thereof. He Maiorka and 
 fent withal, certain Commiirioners into all their Cities to take up fouldiers,and enrolled 4000 of M'mmia. Of 
 their chofen youths, who (hould be brought toCartha^c, there to lie in garrifon, and to ferve for ^''"'^■' columb^ 
 hoffages. And fuppofing that 5;;^./w was not to benegle6kd, and the rather, becaufe he was not ^''^'^' 
 ignorant how the Roman Embaffadors had vihtedthe fame round to fee how they could follicle 
 and work the Princes and rulers to their mind, he committed the charge of that Province to his 
 f brother Afdrubal^z valiant and hardy rnan ; and furniflied him with good forces, efpecially out 
 of Africk,to wit, 11 850 Africans footmen, ^ooLigurians, yooBalear Iflanders. To this power 
 of footmen, thr^^e hundred Horfe ofthe * Libyphccnicians , a Nation mixtofCarthaginians and *vVithinthc 
 Africans. Of* Numidians and Mores, thatcoali uponthe Ocean, 1900. with a fmall cornet of Kngdomof 
 200 Horfemen ofllergetes owtoi Spain. And becaufe he fliould want no manner of Land help-. Turns. 
 fourteen Elephants befides. Moreover, there was a fleet allowed him for the defence ofthe Sea- 'f,"j'^'""V 
 coafts. For by vvhat forces and fervice the Romans had before got vii\ory, thereby it was likely, ^'' '' S"'*" - 
 that they would flillmaintainandcontinuetheir wars, jjGallies therefore of five bmks of oars, 
 he had at Sea, two of four, and five of three. But ot the five oared gallies aforefaid, hehadno 
 more but two and thirty, fitted and well appointed with rowers and marriners , and fo were the 
 G five of thice banks. 
 
 From G^des, the army of y^w?^^:// returned to winter in C/«yf/\jjre .• and from thence he pal- 
 fed by the City * Etovtffa , and marched forward with hisforcesto locrm and the Sea-coa(l5. *tii<omorMt* 
 Where it is reported,that inhisfleephedreamed, and law a vifion namelv-avoungm.-'n of divine qn'mnU. 
 fliapeand 'emblance, faying, That he was fent from Jupiter to guide him in his voyage into /f^/7, f 'ic ^ifionof 
 and willed him therefore to follow him , and in no wife to turn his eyes from him one vvay at 
 other, Alfo, that at the fir(l he being feared and affrighted dnrft not look either about or behind, 
 but followed himftill: afterwards (as men by nature are curious^ when he caft and difcourfed in 
 
 F f 3 his
 
 J7.8 
 
 T^heone andwenttethBoo]\ofT. Livius. 
 
 » The people 
 oiPtHM. 
 
 fnUnia, 
 tGnunne. 
 
 • Graindty or 
 Almnna. 
 
 ^RovStUtn- 
 
 his mind, whatitmighibe, that he was fo. bidden I'o to fee behird him , he could not hold and h 
 rule hiseyeS)butmuU needs look back: and then he beheld behind him,alcrpent ot'hugegreat- 
 refs coming amain , and al: the way as it went , to bear down trees, groves, and thitkets : and 
 after allthat', heper.eivedagreatftorm andtempelienfuing, with mighty thunder-daps. Now 
 when he was dehrous to know what this fo great confuhon and lirange fight might 1 gnify , he 
 heard a voyce, faying. That it betokened the ruins and wafiingot Italy : willing him theiefore, 
 to no Hill forward with his voyage, and fearch no further into the fecrets of the Gods, but ieave 
 them to the hidden de(Unie«. AnriLal {v^hi joyous at this nhon , pafled over //m// with his 
 whole power,diuded into three par;s having lent certain before him with gitts and rewards into 
 all parts whereas he fliouldmar.h with his army, to gain the heaits of the (?..«<//; and withal, to 1 
 feek out and dikoverthepaflages of the Alfes, So hecrofled theRi^er Iberusvilih 90000 foot, 
 and i2oooHorfe,ftrong. Alter this,hefubducd thcllergetes,the ' Bargufians, ' Aufehns, and 
 
 * Aquitain whi:h lyech under the hills Pyretid'. Thegovernment of ali thefe Nations, he lee over 
 to H<J'/Kothat he might have at his command the flreights whi.h joyned Frmce And S^a^n togt- 
 ther. Unto whom heallowed loooo footmen and 1000 horfe, for to cetetid and keep incbe- 
 dien e thole countries. After that his army was on toci and began to man.h through the forreft 
 Pyrenaus, and th.u there ranamonglf the barbarous people a more leitain bruit, That they were 
 to make war with the Romans; three thoufand footmen of the Carpenats, returned back : and 
 for certain ic ws known that they departed net, for tear lo mu.h ot the war a' the tedious jour- 
 ney and unpaflabie wayes of the Jlp s. Anmbal- conlidering that either to re. al them or to keep K 
 them by violen e^was a dangerous matter ; for fear led thereby he ff.ould provoke the her. elfo- 
 ma.ks of the relf ;fent home again above 7000 otlUi;h,asheper-eived tobe weary,jnd to have 
 ro mind to the ferviv e ; and made iembi.mce withal , that the Carpetan were by his leai e dil- 
 charoed. And doubting ielHongliay and eafe there, might tem^t his louidiers ard giveoccalon ■ 
 of mutinies, with the reH of his fcirces hepafled P;7-fa.c«,f,aiicl pitched his camp beiore the Tov\n - 
 
 * Illderis. The Gauls albeit thty were advcrtifed, th?t it was ;;^v, at which ^.. »,/<»/ iliot; yet 
 berau 'e the bruit was bla zed , 1 hat the Spaniards beyond I'-en-is , wereby for e fubdued , and J 
 flropocarrifons placed in their Cities: certain Nations of them , for fear ot ferutudeand bon- 
 dat'e^roieupinarms, and aikmbled together ,'t * ^«/f/w. Which being related to ,/^;?» ^W. he 
 fearin" more that they wou d (by him mhJs journey, than endanger him in Fght ; fent certain L 
 Orator^ or Embaffadors to their Princes and great Lords , to fgnify unto them, " Thst himfelf 
 "in perfon womd gladly park with them, andthatitfhould be in their choice whether they 
 " would come neerer to ///; d-rw, or himfelf go forward to /?r./f/;?o: where, being neertcgether, 
 *« they might m^^e ealily meet and confer. For as he was willing to receiv e them into his camp, 
 " andwouid.be glad to fee them there: fo he would not think much of his pains, to repair unto 
 «them himfelf, a^ one that was thithercome, as a friend andguefl unto Fr.; ce., and not as an 
 *enemy ; and would not by his good will draw a fword ( if the Gauls would let hirn alone ) 
 *' before he were entred within Ita/y. And thus much verily pafled by meffengers and cour- 
 riers between. But fo foon as the Lords off r^>?rif, vvhoprefent.y removed their camp to //- 
 Hirer if , were come willingly enough to AnmbJ-, as being bribed and corrupted with money j^j 
 and prefems, they gave his army good leave to pafs through their confines along the Town 
 Etff-'t'^o. 
 
 laJt. h this while, the Embaffadors oiMarfeilles had brought no other word to Romehvt that 
 ^w«/^.?/vvasonly gone o er /^f r«,f : but, by that time,the fio;/ hadllirred up thelnfubrians to 
 mutiny, and were revolted themfelves,even as ifhehadpaffed the y^/f« already : which they did 
 not fo much upon old ran our and malice to the people of i^^we, as for that, they took it ill and 
 weredifcontented, that there wereColoniesbrought lately into the Gauls country.^ to be planted 
 about *?<<-<«/,* I l-centairidCremoiia. Whereupon they arofe fuddenly, took arms, andentred 
 by force into thoie parts, and mide fofonl work and fearful havock, that not only the countrey 
 people and villagers, but a fothe three Roman Commif&oncrs called Triumvirs, to wit, Cains'^ 
 LuEl-t'u^i Anl. Servilinh and Titus Annius-, who werecome to let out the Lands and territory 
 to the faidColonjes, not truHingthe walls o{ Placemi^t^ fled to * Mutira. That LuHattus was 
 O; e of them, it is not doubted: but fome records have Q^Acilius ^TidC.HerenrfU!^\r&z\Ao\. 
 A.Servdms and T.AiiK'<"s'^T,di others again, nominate P. Cornelius Afina-, and CP-'firim Mafs. 
 *tnat)9Wii' Itisun ertainalfo whether they were the Embafladors fent to the * BoH, to reafonorexpoflulac 
 the matter, that had abu'e <-ft"redthem, and were evil intreated ; or that the Triumvirs above 
 faid were fet upon and 'ffiiled as they were meafuring out the Lands.But whiles they were thus 
 befieoed at Mutr-.i^ ai.. thofe Boians lying at fiege (a nation unskilful altogether in the feat of 
 aflauking Towns, :nd like wife of all other moff cowardly,to attempt any martial exploits) whiles 
 they lay idly about the wais, and never once advamed againft them they began to make fhew ofQ 
 a treaty for peace. Whereupon the Roman Embaffadors or CommilTioners, being by thechief of 
 the Gauls called out to parle, were not only againft law of nations, but with breach alio of their 
 faithful promile, and word which they had given that time , apprehended: and the Gauls faid 
 plainly, they would not let them go, unlefs their ho(f ages were delivered them again, Thefe news 
 touching the Embaffidors being reported and A/«.'//irfwith the gariion in danger: L.A/a>ilins th^ 
 Pretor, in great anger and indignation, brought his army in more haR than good order, before 
 Muti»a,ThcK were in thofe dayes great woods about the high way ^and mofi part of the country 
 
 wilds 
 
 ■ The tiyet 
 • The City
 
 The one and twentieth Book^ofT. Li vius. 020 
 
 ^ wilds and wafts, not inhabiced: where he having engaged himfelt without his erpials,was intrsp- 
 pcd vvithin an ambufli ;loli many ot his men, and hardly recovered the open champain country. 
 There he incamped himfelt'flrongly: and (orthat the Gaiilshadnoheart to aflault, nor hope to 
 win the camp, his fouldiers courages wererefreflied; albeit it was well known that they had re- 
 ceived a fhrewd(oil,and knew theirforces to be much impaired. Then began he to m.uch on, in 
 his journey airen-i. And lb long as he led his power through the open country, the enemies were 
 not in (ght : but when they were cntred the torrelh again, ihey let upon the rereward ot them : 
 wherejbelides the great fright and damage of all the reit, 800 Roman louldiers were left dead in " 
 the place, and the enemies went a way with iixeniigns. But afterwards, the Gauls ceafed to molelt 
 
 B and trouble , .ind the Romans gave o.er to fear , fo foon as they were paffcd , and efcapedthe 
 rough, cumbrous, aud unpayable torreKs. And the Romans being now able in the open and cham- 
 pian : ountry to march with fatety , made half to get to * Tannettis a village neer unto the Fo. * Tenedo. 
 There within a fort whi.h they made for thetime, with the help andproi iiion of vidhialsby the 
 river, and the aid alio of '.ertain Gauls called * Brixians they defended themfeh es again'i the ene- « oi Brlfcit. 
 mies-, whole number dai y enireafed. After this fudden tumult was reported at Kom<' ■> av.d thac 
 iheLL, ofthebenat were advcrtifed, that belide^ the war with the Carthaginiansthe Gauls were 
 up in arms :they gave order, that Cy5fff?//«j the Pretor Hiould go (with one Roman Lgion, and 
 four thoulnnd a, lie- ■, who were enrolled by the Confuls in a new levy^ to aid A^.i«/.-«/ : who - 
 without any skirmifli (by reaion that the enemies were fled for fear) came to Tanetus. Alfo P. 
 
 C Cor-nHiiu having newly levied one Legion in lieu of that whi.h was fent with the Pretot; depar- 
 ted trom the City o\ Rome, and palling with 60 Gauisalongthe cojfts of Tuscany ^Liguria^zndio 
 forward of the 5 /?^r, fhortly arrived at '^affiha, ind en^jampedneer the next mouth of * Rho- *t^hofne'. 
 da «f (for the river is divided into manybran.hes, and fo dif-hargeth itfelf into the Sea) being 
 not ful y of beiiet thrt y^^fj/Z'.r/as yet h.(d pafled o\er the mountains /'^rf^^/. But whenheunder- 
 i\oo6 that he wasrendy even then topals i?/;^»J,!««/ a. 10; and doubtingin what place toencoun- 
 lerandmeet turn, his people as yet not we I recovered, after their being lea-lick: he fent before, 
 300 eiect men ot arms, guided by the Maffiiians, and certain Gauls that came to aid ; for todifcc- 
 ver all, andto t .ke atuli view of the enemies fately without danger, 
 Ayir.ib.U ha.mg appealed the relt of the country, either for tear or by means ofmony, was now 
 
 D come into the country of the ' Volcans , a puitTanc people and a valiant, Thefe inhabit along * 'iv'iwn. 
 botn the banks ofRhoda mi : and miHrulf ing that they were not able to defend their Lands a^ainit 
 the Carthaginians, on that fide of the River which lay to ihem: becaufetheymioht have the 
 whole River to lerve them for a good defence and rampier, tranfported over the^/;o/V;eallin 
 manner that ever they had and kept the bank on the other fide. The reft of the inhabitants neer 
 totheRiier, and een thofealfo in whofe territories y^«;«/^j/ had let foot already, bothhehim- 
 fe,f with gifts alairtd to get together from all parts fhipping, and to frame new velTels : and they 
 ot themiehes likewife vv re as willingtohave his army tranfported,and their own country eafed 
 and delivered (they cared not how foon) of fo great a multitude ottroublefome guefts. Where- 
 upon, there vvasgot together an huge number of lighters , barges, and boats efpecially, which 
 
 E were made in hall without great workmanfhipj in which the people inhabiting thereby ufed to 
 tran;port wares and commodities from one to another. Other new whirries alfo, the Gauls be- 
 gan hrit to make of the hollowed trunks of trees : and after them, the fouldiers for that they had 
 both (lore of t.mbsr and faw the workmanfhip but fleight and eafy , made in haft certain bot- 
 toms, fu^h as they were, like troughs without form or faftiioniregardingnohandl'omenefsat all, 
 fo they would but floteon the water , and receive burden , in which they might convey over 
 themfelves and that which they had. 
 
 Now when they had prepared and made all ready for their paflage , the enemies on the other 
 
 fide right agiinft them, kept and coveted all the bank a'ong with men and Horfe, putting them to 
 
 much trouble nnd tear. ^«»»/-<«/ therefore to withdraw them from that place, commanded H.i>iiii> 
 
 pthetbn of SowVr^', atthefirft watch of the night, to go up the ftream along the river fide, one 
 
 dayes journey, with part of the for es, andthoiemoft of them Spaniards: and wherefoever he 
 
 firii could efpiea con.enient place, to crol's the river,and to larwi asfecretly as he could: and then 
 
 to fetch about with hi? men, chat when need werehe might charge upon the back of the enemy. 
 
 Hereunto were appointed certain Gauls for guides : who from then.econdudiedthem fome2 5 
 
 miles above, to a little Land comp.ff-d about with the river, which here fpred out in bredth by 
 
 reafonthat itdividedit lelf and ihereby the channel was not fo deep : where they fhewed him a 
 
 place orpailage. There, in all haft they cut down and hewed timber, andmadeboats tofetovet 
 
 Hor;e and man and other burthen. The Spaniards m'de nomore ado, but faftn'mg their apparel 
 
 to vcfL'Is of lether like bladders , full of wind, and layingtheirbucklers thereup n , fat alot't and 
 
 Gpifled o.er nimbly. The reft of the army alfo , with joyning planks and trough' together , was 
 
 let over. Where having enf-amped neer the river, asbeitag weary with thci- night lourney, and 
 
 toilfome work, they relied one day to re'relTi themfelves, whiles their Captain Itndied and was 
 
 occupied toexecute his commillion and his intended fervice in good and con' cnient time. The 
 
 morrow alter they removed trom thente, andga^eknowledgeby fmoke that they werepnfled 
 
 over and not far otf. Which when .t >?«/^<i/ perceived , for that he wou.d not loe the v.i.ntage 
 
 of that time, he gave fignal to his men alfo to get over the water. Now bad the footmen already 
 
 their boats prepared and fitted. And the courle and ranks of barges (which to receive and 
 
 break
 
 2^o "^he one and twentieth Bool\ofT, Livius. 
 
 break the force of the current from above,tranrported the Horfemenjber.de^ the Horfcs that fvvam H 
 
 after) made for the fmall boats that pafled beneaih, a gentle and calm water. For a number of 
 Hor'.es fwam after thefliips, haled by the bridle reins whii.h were tied to the poiips , befides 
 tbofe , which being fadled and bridled , and fitted to ferve the men ot arms fo foon as ever they 
 were landed, were beU owed ui barges and ferry boats. The Gauls Hood npon the b.ink with loud 
 hooping, hollowing, yelling and tinging after their manner, who (liaking their targets over their 
 heads, brandifliingand florilLing their I'words in their right hands, fliewcd themlehcs ready to 
 receive them,a!beit fo great a number and World of barges and boats toll in their eye over againit 
 them, together with an hideous roaring of the water , might liave Icared them: befides fundry 
 nolfes of mariners and fouldier;, who laboured and Urived to break the power and force of the ^ 
 water , and who being on the other fide of the bank encouraged their fellows that were pafTmg 
 over. And thus frighted enough as they were, with the tumult and noife presented before their 
 faces: behold there arofe a more fearful and terrible outcry behind their backs, npon the forcing 
 and winning of their camp by Hanm. And himl'elf in perfon came loon after: fo that they were 
 put in fear on both fides. For not only out of the fhips there was a great multitude got to Land, 
 fcut alfo a power at their backs unlooked for, came forward and charged them. The Gauls, alter 
 they had made fomerefiftance , andfaw they were eahly put back ; brake through , where they 
 efpied the way to lie moft open, and fo in great fear they Bed divers wayes into tbeirTownsand 
 yillages. Annibal i\itn 5 having conveied over the relf of his forces by leifure, cared no more 
 now tor any French (tirs and tumults, and fo encamped himfelf. Butfortheiranfporringofthe K 
 Elephants, I fuppofe there were fut3dry devices: and certainly, how ever it was, the thing is di- 
 veifly recorded. Some fay, that when the Elephants were gathered together upon the bank, 
 the moft couragious and fiercelf of them ail, was chafed , angred, and railed ot purpofe by his ina- 
 fter or keeper: and when he waspurfued of ihebealf, and to fave himlelffled trom him, and 
 took the River, thereupon the Elcpnant followed after him as be fwam,and fodrew after him the 
 whole drove of the reft : and as any one of them ( tearing the depth ) failed to wade, the very 
 force of the River carried him to the other i:de. But it is more credibly and certainly reported, 
 that they were conveyed over incertain barges : which as it was a fafer way and furer cour'e be- 
 fore it was praiftifed , fo when it was done and paft, it was more eafily credited. Theycaufed 
 therefore one veffel or barge, 200 foot long, and 50 foot broad, to rea.hfrom theftrand fide and L' 
 the ftiore into the River; which becaufe it fhould not be caried down with the courle and 
 fireamof the water , they faftned to the bank above with many ftrong ropes, and like as it had 
 been a bridge, they covered it over with earth , that thebeafts might boldly go thereon as upon- 
 the firm oroiind. Nowtherewas anotherbarge full as broad, butof length only loofoot ; fit- 
 ted and appointed to pafs the Riverand was tied andcoupled thereto : and when as the Elephant? 
 (driven after the females going before) upon the fteady barge, as it had been upon a caufey, were 
 poneoverinto theleller wtiich was falinedumoit; then pre'ently was it looted from the bonds 
 wherewith it was {lightly tyed , and fo haled and drawn by certain galley boats,dire£fed wi' h oars 
 through to the other bank. Thus when the firft were landcdjthey went for more Rill until they 
 were All fet over: and verily, fo long as they were drivenonftill.asit wereupona longbridge,}^ 
 they nothing feared: the formoft only were afraid when the barge was loofened, and they par- 
 ted from their fellows , and lb were caried away into the wide and deep River, where throng- 
 in'^ and lirwoiing together, and juftling one another, they made fome trouble, whiles they that 
 were oiitmoft "ave back from the water afmuch as they could, until fui.h time as very fear ^whert 
 they faw all about them nothing but water) cauled them to be quiet. Some of them alfo like ra- 
 ging beafts as they were, and unruly, fell out into the River, but by reafon of their heavinefs, they 
 flood fure, and cafting their Governors, they fought the founds foot by foot, by little and little,, 
 and got lafe to Land. 
 
 Whiles the Elephants were thus tranfporting over , ^;7;?//;4/ in the mean time had fent 500 
 Numidian light Hotfemen to the Romans camp , as efpials to dilcovcr the ground , where they 1^ 
 were to learn what forces they had, and liften after their defigns and purpofes. This wing and 
 troop was encountred by three hundred Roman Horfemen, fent as is afor^faid from the mouth of 
 Rhodanui : where there was a more cruel skirmii"h than for to fmall a number, for befides many 
 hurt, there were flain on both fides in a manner alike: butintheend, the fear and flight of the 
 Numidians gave the vidlory to the Romans, being now already much travailed and wearied : on 
 whofe part(being the winners) were flain 1 60. not all Roman3-,but fome Gauls: and on the lofers 
 fide who were overcome, there dyed above 200. This beginning and prognoftication as it were 
 ofthe war as it portended and prefaged an happy end and fuccels of the whole unto the Romans: 
 fo it fliewed plainly, that the vidtory would hang long in equal balance, not vvithout much eftu- 
 ficnof bloud, and danger of their part. Theconflift being thus determined, they returned each q 
 one to his own Captain. Asfoi Sclpio^ he could not refolve totakeanycourfehimlelf; but ac- 
 cording as he faw the plots and enterprizesof the enemy, lb to framehis own. And jlnnihali' 
 gain being uncertain whether to go forward with his }onrny begun, into /f. A , or to give battel 
 ■ iinto the firft army ofthe Romans that came in his way and met him : was drawn away from all 
 prefentconfliif,by occafion of thecoming ofthe Embafladors of the 5o//,and of a great Lord and 
 Potentate, called yt'/.2f<?/w;whopromifingiobe his guides unto him in hisvoyage,and compani- 
 ons in his perils , thought it good, and gave advice to invade and let upon ItaJj firft of all befoi'e 
 
 any
 
 The one and tnpentietb Bool{ofT» Li vius. 021 
 
 ,^ any other war. whiles forces were entire in heait, no where put to the hazard, and to give them 
 as It were the nnt hanfcl. Thecommon multitudv-ofthe Carthaginians (tor that thctormer war 
 was not clean lorgct and out otremembran. e; feared ieriiy their enemies but more tneirinhnic 
 journey and the v^Z/j/efpccialiy the name whereot to mennotexperiencedjWjs very icar:iii&: ter- 
 rible. Whereupon, y4««;'^/being now reloiucc to mii'.h onward jn'his )0iirtK)5and to pals into 
 Lay allembied his people to an audience and by fun dry means, as well hy way o, rcbuKC, as aho 
 by en.our.igement, windcth and aflayeth the minds othi^louidicrs-. '• Im uicl ^quoth he)wii.!C 
 " hidden t'nghc or new feat hath pofiefled your hearts that ever before now have been und united; 
 ' who haveferied :omany years , and alwayes won the viil:oryi who departed not ouc of ■S'p««, 
 B "• before that all tho:e Nations and Lands, whi.h lieenclolcd between two diners Seas , were 
 '• brought in uibjectionto theCarthaginians J who taking indignation and gre^t diidain, thac 
 * the people or R,me fliou.d require all thole to be \ee!ded unto juliice (as otrenders and male- 
 " iiSiocs) that had be.'.eued S^qn.itum, have thereupon pilled ihericry ern.f , with this intent 
 ' eventode'>rr>yand extirp the Roman name, and tofet tree the whole worid out o'theirfervi- 
 ' tilde and boridage: nom.inihotight it long then ot his traveifrom Eait to Well from the fettin^ 
 " of thcfun.t J tneri ^ngof thel'ame : now whenas Yefeethei;reaterp-rt (by far) ofoiir journey 
 "done and pait,thetorrjii and mountain of /'^!-f><e'</,3mid mo'i t'ierte and ruelna ions furmoun> 
 " tcJ ; tnat great ri-tr !i!^^a 'nt'< palled over m.-ugre the hearts oriomjny thoi:far,dGaiii, thac 
 " wouid ha.e impea bed yiurpaiiage yea,3nd the tor eot iii^ m undream over:ome;now I fay, 
 C '•'■ when you are vvichin the light of the ,4/of,to the other !;dc whereof lieth 't. //clofe yef^inc as 
 "it wete,and It and Hill tired stthe erv gues oft he enemies. Why ? what other thing take ye the 
 " Alps to be bit high hills P Andim glne they be iiigher than the- ciifts of/V^'<«vvhat? there is 
 "no landfl am ture^th.u reaches up to heavenward nopla e for men unfupjrable. But for the 
 '' ^/p)-,they are inhabited and they are til l«"d they breed ind teed iii ingcreature. andcsttel : and 
 '■ are they a < elfib e indeed and paflTableforfome few,and unpalTaWe tor whole armlcsPThefe very 
 *' Embafladors whom you lee here, flew not over the Alpsviwh wingr, neither were their an:e-r 
 *' l^or?time out of mind born and bred there.butcamet'rom otherp.;rts as (Irangers.and inhabited 
 "/f /)■ before yea,3!^d oftentimes havegoneoverthefame Alp:\n hug. multitudes,to?ether with 
 "theirwive- and children, in manner ot'travellcrs and pilgrims that leek new countries to inha- 
 D "bit: what ;>,ould there be unp-flible then or impolllble for the armed fouldier , carylngabouc 
 " him nothing but init i-mentsof war? Forthe winning of J*rf^«;7^«»7, what perils vvereadventu- 
 " red.wbst itjiels were endured and fwallovved tor eight moneths fpace ?fliou!dany shino then 
 <' feem fo hard anddiffii u t astoftay them in their efiterprife once begun, who aim at nojels than 
 " to ccnque.- R-mc , the head City ofthe world? And have the Gauls indeed for. ed and won 
 "that in times pift, whi.h the Carthaginians defpair now to come unto? Therefore, either ye 
 *' murt c nfcfs your en es inferior in (lomack and valor to that nation, whi. h lb o't fthe'e dayes 
 '''pafred)by you have been vanquifhediorelfemaketeckoning with .-ffired hope.that thecood y 
 " fair fields that lie between Tjberis and the Walls o'iRome.:kX& the end of your journey. 
 When in thefe terms he had exhorted and eh-ouraged his fouldier? , he commanded them to 
 E take their lepart and repol'e , toeherillaand refrelli their bodies , and to prepare themfelves for 
 the march. The morrow after he departed crofs from the barks of /c^»^.j««j, and entrcd the in- 
 land parts of fr-.Twce: not for that it was the more diredl way to the Alp'yhwi bccaufehethouchc 
 the further he went from, the Sea fdc , in fo mn.h lefle danger he Oiould be of meeting the Ro- 
 mans, with whom he was not minded to fight, before he was arrived into Itrdy. After that he had 
 travelled four daye? journey^he came to an Hand vvhere the two rivers ' ^r.^r and /c/;9i,/;;«^ilTlj- , ^ „. 
 ingoutof fundry parr5 ofthe y7/p;.and takingadired courfe,afterthey ha' e run through a sood c,,, '^ " 
 part of the country fall at length together and meet in one and the ground lyin" between is called 
 by the name of-the Iland. Neer there , inhabit the ' AH^hrozcs ,"3 Nation even in thofe daycs • The r>?r,pie 
 nothing inferior, either in wealth and puiffince, or in fame and reputation to any people or Hate oi Sav .y tccof 
 p of the Gauls whatfoever. But atthat very timethere was fome dif ord and varian eamon^ them '""^ '*^ •^-^"^ 
 by occafion of two brethren who were at-tirife for the crown and Kingdom : the eldtr' wliofe '''l'*' ^"' '^'"''' 
 name was /?r.u;^w , and had before enjoyed the Seignory; was depoled and thrull out by his at, "/)*,/«,""" 
 younger brother, and a hilly crew of the youth ; who as they hadlefs right on their !ide, fothey R'^ianm^' mi 
 were the mightier. Thede: idingofthis varianre, was referred and put over unto ^;/ .'-i,./, jnas °-'^crs, 
 good and fit a time for hi', purpose, as he could have willicd : and he torlboth was made the urn- 
 pite and judge , to dc term me vvhether ot them Ovould l^eKing: who rcflored the elder to the 
 Kingdom ; like as k won d have been adjudged by the awsrd ofthe Senators and NoMes of the 
 country, Forwhi hbcnefit and good tuiB . he wasfcrcd with vift' il , ^^ndHocofil things 
 abundantly y'a an 1 witiif lyment andapp-rel , whih he was driven to pro ide a:oiehand,to{ 
 G ihenamethat wentoUbe .-7/)', whi' hforthe'rcoldnefs vve-e in'Teatdifredit. '■"'' '; * EntncaJleMx 
 
 Having t us .^pnea od thedvb't'; ofthe Allobrores , and rri'ndinu! nmv to le, fpr^y,j.(^ to'the '" •P'"^''w«> 
 Alps', he wort'd orgo the direi"i:''reight way bm turned on t!;e le''t hand to the * Tribal, ins, ^^"^^■i'-"^' 
 and from r'un.",e raiTing by the frortierc o the ' Vo oniiafi-: he m r.iie.) into the ' Tricprians ; ''r*ldevifc,ot 
 andn.tverwa? Iieltiy.dor impeached inhis joiTnev before tha'V he. 'amc t.orheRi.er * Vrncnti:-., 'he coumry'of 
 .wliiwT def: ending ajo our of the Alfs , is ot"ali'--iher ' i>tr--in F>--;7rf moHhard fobepafied ^''f<"''', 
 over •. f ir .i!tbniv/n it . arry wi'h it a mi.,hty for e ot wati. r Vtft wiii ir bear no vefi'el, became it is 1-^'^°'* °^ 
 kept: and, ^dlreined with no banks, but running at once by m. my divers chanels, makech ever .olraaw, 
 
 nev\r
 
 432 T*he one and mentieth Boo1{ofT. Livius. 
 
 new foords, and caftethup new (helves and whirl-pits , ( for whi^h caiifeslfo a footman hat h h 
 much ado to w.'de therethrough, and knoweth not the foords) befides-, it rolkth down round 
 ftones and pibbles, whereby there is no fure nor fife footing for him that wotild wade through; 
 And it chanced at that time, that it fwelled and was rifen high by fall of rain, and by hnd-flqods, 
 andcanfed them to have very much to do.thatpafled over it: and over and bendes all other diffi- 
 culties, they were of themfclves troubled anddifquieted through their own fearfulnefs and fun- 
 dry cries which they made. PuLlius Cormlius the Conful, about three dayes after that Annibal 
 diilod^ed from the bank of /J/W^««/, was arrived with his army (arranged in a fourfqnare bat- 
 tel) as far as the place where the enemy was lately encamped, purpofng without any Hay to give 
 him battel. But feeing the hold abandoned , and that he was not like to overtake him, being fo t 
 far gone forwards ; he returned to his fliips at Sea, fuppofing by that means, with lefle danger and 
 difficulty, to encounter Annibd as he defended from the Alfs. But lelt that S^am (which 
 wag the Province allotted unto him) fhould belcftdisfurnifhed of Roman fucconri , liefenc 
 his brother Cn. Scip'o with the greateft pare of his forces againft ylfdrata/ : not fo much to de- 
 fend their old allies, and procure new , as to drive Jfdruh/ out oiSfain. Himfelf with a very 
 ' Qf^ij fmall company returned to *Gf«/^^, with intent to guard /?<?// , with that army which was about 
 
 the Po. 
 
 ^nnihal being departed from Dnientia^ marched for the moft pjrt through the champion 
 countries, and came in psace and quietly , to the foot of the y///)/, for any trouble from the pea- 
 fants that there inhabited. And albeit he had fome knowledge oftbcy^/p^betore by report, K 
 (which ufcth to make things that are uncertain, mudi more than indeed and truth they are) yet 
 feeing now neer at hand rhe height of thole Hills, and the fnows , entermingled along with the 
 skie; the rude and mifliapen houfes let upon rocks ; the cartel, fheep, oxen, and horfes, finged 
 with cold uhe people with long fliagg'dhair.and without any trimming, both livingand liveiefs 
 creatures,evenparched,fliffand Hark with frott ; and all things'elfe more Hrange and ilfavoured, 
 than canbelpoken: then began his fouldiers to fear afrelh. So foonasthey advanced forward> 
 and began to march upihefirll cliffs, there appeared over their heads themountain people, who 
 hadfeized the Hills : who if they had kept the fectei and hidden vallies, and fuddeniy all at once 
 chatged upon them they would have made a foul {laughter of them, and put them to flight. Then 
 ^Kw;^^/commandeth theenfignstoHand Hill,and fent certain Gauls afore, as efpials ; by whom L 
 he underftood -, that there was no paflage that way : whereupon, he pitched hi^ c.-impamongft 
 thofe craggy and fleep rough places, upon as large a plainand valley as he could find. Thenby 
 thefameGauls (who much differed not in tongue and manners froni the other, and had enter- 
 mingled themfelves in talk with themountainers)heunderftood, that they kept the paffage, but 
 in the day time.and dipt away in the night,every one to his own harbour. So at the break of day 
 he mounted thofe flcep hills . asif he would openly intheday time march through theHreights. 
 Thus having fpent the day in making fembla nee and flievv of one thing, and intending another, 
 he encamped himfelf flrongly in the place where he had reflcd and Haid: and fo foon as he per- 
 ceived , that the mountain people were departed from the deep hilis , and kept not fo (Ireighc 
 watchand ward; after that he had made fliew offires, more than for the number ofthofethatre-^f 
 mained behind ; and left with the Cavalry all the bag and baggage , with the greatefi part of the 
 footmen: himfelf in perfon took unto him the nimblelf, molt avStive, and valiant fouldiers lightly 
 appointed , and vvith all fpeed paffed through the (heights aforefaid , and encamped on the very 
 hills which the enemies before held and befet. Then in the morning betime his camp diilodged : 
 and the army behind, began to march and let forward. By which "time the mountainers-, at the 
 ordinary fignal given , came forth out of their Caflles and Forts , and met at the ufnal place of 
 their accullomed guards: but then all at once they might fee fome of the enemies over their 
 heads, to have gained their own fortrefs , and others alfo marching in the way. Both which ob- 
 jeilsat onetime prefented to theireyejmade them blank and toftandfiillina mufea good while. 
 But afterwards, when they faw A-rimhalhh army, didreffed in the Hreights, and in great trouble N 
 and diforder among themfelves in the march, by reafon efpecially the horfes were fo affrighted : 
 fuppofing, that the l;a(l fear and terror (befides) that they could procure, would be enough for 
 their enemies overthrow and confufion, they croCfed the rocks overthwart, and (as they were ac- 
 cuflomed andufedto them) ran to and fro, up and down through the blind and unhaunted by- 
 wayes. But then verily.thc Carthaginians were much encumbred, as wellby their enemies, as alfo 
 by thedifadvantage of the place, and more ado there was among them ^whiles every oneflrove: 
 who fliould firH efcapc thedanger) than with the enemy. There was nothing that difordered and 
 troubled the army in the mar:h,fo much as their own horfes, which(by reafon of thediffonant and 
 divers cryes,that the ecchoes between the woods and vallies redoubled)were affrighted: and alfo 
 if any of them chanced to beflricken, galled,or wounded ; they kept fuch winfing. and flinging a- q 
 bout them, that they overthrew and madegrcat havockof men, and of all forts of carriage. Be- 
 fides, the prefs was fo great, and thedreights of both fides fo deep and craggy, that many a man 
 was thrown down head-long a mighty height: yea, and fome of them armed: and the fumpter 
 horfes and beads for carriage efpecitlly tumbled downamain with their load asil a houfeorCa- 
 file had come down with amifthief. Which,although it were terrible to behold, yet Amihd(ot 
 a while flood fliland kept his own men together/or fear of encreafing this diforderand affright. 
 But afcer that he faw his armydisbanded and marching in difarray, and that it was tone pur- 
 
 pofe
 
 The om and tn^entietb Boo{ofT. Li vius. o ^o 
 
 A pofe to lead hks army fafe through the flreights, if he lolt the carnages : for fear hereof, heran 
 down from the higher ground J ar.d albeit, with the viokn.t ofhischarge, hedillomhced thee- 
 J3emy> yetheencreafcd the trouble and fear of his own people. But th^t was fccn appeafedina 
 very moment, after the wayes andpalTages wereonic ciejred , byrealon ofthe Mountainers 
 that werefled: fo that within a whilethe whole holfpalied through , not only ateaieandiei- 
 fure,butalfoin a manner without any noife at an, Ihi. done> heieized upona C.iHle, which 
 was the chief Hrength of chat counrry wich other villages lying about it : and for three dayes 
 fpace he vi^ualled and maintained his whole army , with the Cartel of his prifoners. And for 
 that he was now neither molcded with the Monntairtr, who wereat thehrll dilcomfitcd,nor 
 B greatly encumbred with the difficulties of the waye; , in thole three dayes he rid a good d;.al of 
 ground , and journeied a great way into the oiincry ; until ac the length he came to another 
 coaft well peopled (foriu.h Mountain and Hilly qnarccrs; ) where he had like to have been 
 overtaken, not by open force, but even in hi. own protelled tunning: fir(l,by afubcilepraflife, 
 andafterbyafecretambulli. Certain anJent men, the Rulers and Governours of the Cafilcs, 
 repaired unco ^/j«/^4/ as OratoiSj faying, That they having been taught and made wife , by the 
 profitable example ofother mens harms, made choice, rather to tryc the amicy, than prove the^ 
 JForce of the Carthaginians ; and therefore were willing to do his commandment , and be at his 
 devotion : requeding him to take at their hands viiluais and guides for their journey , yea, and 
 hoftages alfo for better aflurance of promifes to be performed. Aimsl^al neither overhaftily be- 
 C iieving them , nor yet churlifhiy dilirufling and refuling their offer , lell being rejeited and caf! 
 off, they might become open and profefl'ed enemies; gave them good languige, and a cour- 
 teous anfvver, received the hoUages whom chey gave, accepted viituals; whitb they had brought 
 with them to maintain his army by the way, and followed their guides , butfo , as his army 
 was not difarraied in their march , as if he had been amongtt his friends , and in a peaceable 
 countrcy. Fir(l, went in the van-guard the Elephants , and the Horlemeii ; himfeif marched 
 after with theflovver and rtrength of his Footmen , looking all about him with an heedfi^l eye. 
 So foon as he was encred a narrow paffage, which of the one fide lay under a deep Hill that 
 commanded them aloft , the barbarous peoplerofeout of their ambuOi from ali pares at once, 
 both before and behind, and charged upon him both a far off and neer at hand ; yea, and rol- 
 D led down mighty huge (tones upon them as they marched. But the greated number came be- 
 hind upon their b3i;ks; againlt whom he turned and made head with the power of his footmen", 
 and without all peradventure ( if the tail both of his army , had not been Urong and well forti- 
 fied ) they mult needs have received inthat lane and treights, an exceeding gre'.covertbrovv. 
 And even then, as it was, theycame to ancxtremity of danger, and in manner fe' into a prefenc 
 mifchief. For whiles A»n>halmidQ long (fay • and doubted whether he Tnouid engage the Re- 
 giment of footmen within the freights , for that he had not ieft anyfuccours in the reregard to 
 back the footmen , like ashimfelf wasadercn etotheHorfemen ; the mountainers came over- 
 thwart,and flanked them ; and breaking thro'igh the files of the battel,befet the way,and < roffed 
 upon him. So that ^«««^/i/tookup his lodging for one night, without his carriages and Ho, fe- 
 E men. The morrow after, when as the barbarous people ran between them mo-e coldly than be- 
 fore, he joyncd his forces together, andpaffcd the (Height not without gre it dammige and lo'.s; 
 but wich more hurt of che fumpter Horfes than ot men. After this, the Mountainers ( fewer irf 
 number, and in robbing wife rather than in warlike lort^ ran in heaps one while upon the van- 
 guard , other while upon the rereward , as any one of them could either get the vantat'e of 
 ground, or by going one while afore , and by (faying another while behind winandcat^h art/ 
 occafionand opportunity. The Eleph;<nts,asthey were driven vithgreat leilure,be-"aufeth:ongh 
 thel'e narrow Hreighcs,they were ready ever and anon to/un on their notes : fo what way (oevef 
 theywent. they kept the army fafe and fure from the enemies ' whobeingnot ufedunro them, 
 durft not once come neer. The ninth day he won the very rops of the Alfs, through by-lanes 
 pand blind cranks: after he had wandred many times out of the way, either through the dcceitlul- 
 nefs of their guids; or for that when they durft not truft them, they adventured rafhly thcm- 
 felvcs upon the vallies, and guefled the way at -idvenuirc, and went by aim. Two dayes nbodc 
 he encamped upon the tops thereof- and the fouldiers wearied with travel and tight rcfled that 
 time : certain alfo of the lumpterHorfe': (which had fliptafide from therocks) by following the 
 tracksofthearmyas it marched cameiothecamp. When they were thus overtoiled and weiried 
 with thefe tedious travels, the fnow that fell (for now the (far Vergily , was 'et and gone down 
 out of that horizon^ increafed their fear exceedingly. Now when as at the break of day che en- 
 figns were fet forward , and the army marched flowly , through the thick and deep fnow ; and 
 that there appeared inthecountenanceof them all flothfulnefs and defperation: ^;j»/Wad- 
 Q vanced before the (fandards,and commanded his fouldiers to (fay upon a certain high Hill, (from 
 whence they had a goodly profped and might fee a great way all about them) and there fliewed 
 unto them /»<»//, and the goodly champian fields about the Po^ which lie hard under the foot of 
 the Alpine Mountains: faying. That even thentheymounted the wals notonlyof /M/y, butaKo 
 cftheCityof^owf ; asfor allbefides (faith he) will be plain and eafy to be travelled: and after 
 one or two battels at themolf, yefhallhaveatyourcommand the very Caflleand head City of 
 all Italy. Then began the army to march forward : and as yet the enemies verily themfelves ad- 
 ventured nothing at all, but fome petty robberies by ftealch, as opportunity and occalion fervcd. 
 
 How-
 
 j:>4 
 
 "The one and mentieth Bool\ofT . Livios. 
 
 Hovv^^eit they hadmuch more diffi.uk travailing down the hili, than in tbe climbing nrd getting j^ 
 lip-, forthat moflofthe paffages to the^/p;from Itclj hde, .i; they be flrorrer, io tliey are /ncre 
 tp.ighi:: fornll tlie way in a manner waslieep, narrow, and flippery, !'o as reithcr theyctjtihd 
 hold themfehesfromfiiding, nor ifsny tripped and llrmbied never lo little , conldthey pofiibly 
 ('tliey (hggeredro) recover ttiemlelves and keep lure footix:gsl>iit orefellirpon.'anotherjas well 
 Horfe as Man. After this they came to a mu.h narrower rock^with crag? and rags fofteep' ddwtt- 
 right.that hardly a nimble fculdier without his armor and bagg3ge(do what hecould tdtake hcild 
 with hands upon the twigs and plants that thereabout grew forth) was able to creep down. This 
 place being before naturally o[ it lelffleep and pendant with a down-fa!! , ribvV "wni clinked and 
 dammed up. with anew tall of earth, which left a bank bthindit ofa W6nderfuland moti iTous t 
 height. There the Hoifemenl'ioodBill asifthey had been ceme to their Wayes end : '.and when 
 ^J^w^.-r/marveiledmuch what the matter might be that Rayed them fo, as they mart tied not oti : 
 word was brought hJm that the Rock was unaccefllble and unpaflable. VVhereiipon he went Kirri- 
 felf in perfon to view the place, and then he law indeed without all doubt, that ahhongh'he nad 
 fetched a compafs about, yet he had gained nought thereby, but (ondud^d his army, ;i;o paffe 
 through wild-sand fu. h places as before had never been beaten and troden. And verily that (of all 
 other; was fuch,as it was impciTible to pafs through. For,whei<eas there lay old fnow nhtoiTclifec! 
 and not trodden on, and overit other fnow newly fallen, of a fmall depth ; in this foftarid tefjcjet 
 fnow^and thefamenot very deep- their feet as they went, eafily took hcild :bnt that fnovy, beih^^ 
 OBce with the going of fo many people and bealfs upon it,fretted andt^,n wed., they wereliiirite K 
 go upon the bare ice underneath, and in the flabbery fnow-bioth.a.'^ it relented and m.elted flbbut 
 theirheels. Therethey had foul ado and much (Irugllng. for that they eon ]d not tread fure upqii 
 the flippery ice: and again going as they did (down b'lilj their feet looner hili'd rhem : and v\JheH 
 they had helped themfeh es once in gettine up', either with- hands ot knees ;'if fhey chant ed'toYali 
 again, whenthofe their props and itayes dBteived them .''fhtre were no twigs nor roots about, 
 whereon a man might take hoid, and rell or liay him.elf , eiihcr by hand or foot. And th^Moi-e 
 all that the poor beail:s coulddo, wasto tumble and walhvv only, upon theflippcry and oialfic 
 ice,and_the molten flabby ihow.Otherwhiles alio. they pgriflicd asthey went inthedeep [flSw^ • 
 whiles it was yet foft and tender: for when they were once Hidden and fallen, with flingin^ouc' 
 theirheels, and beating with.their hoofs more forcibly for to take hold , they Itr.'ikt- tneitcll! 
 through; fo as moll of them, as if they had been caught fatf and fettered, fiudciiiH in the deep,' 
 hard frozen, and Longealed ice. At Jaft,when as both man and bead were wearied and oVeftdiledj, 
 and ail to no purpofe they encamped upon the top of an hill, having with very much ado dent^cl' 
 the place aforehand for that purpofe : fuch a deal of fnow there was to be digged, fhpveifed aii^ 
 thrown out. This done , the 'ou ;d4ers werd brought to break that rock. through which W.1s their 
 only way: and^gainu the timethatit was to be hewed through-,they felled and Overthrew iriany 
 huge trees that grew there about, and made a mighty heap and pile of wood : the vviirtd ferried fitly 
 for the time to kindle a fire, and men they let ail a burning. Now when the rvti was on fire and 
 red hot,theypowred thereon Urong Vinegar for tocal- ineanddifiblveir.When asthefock was 
 thus baked (as it were) witli lire, they digged imoit and opened it \^ih picke-axes,and made the m 
 delcent gentle and eaiy, by m^ins of moder„t windines ard iLr-iVrngs: lb as not only theHorfes 
 and other beads, but even the Elephants alio might be''.b:e to go down. Foiirdayeshe fpent a- 
 bout the levelling of this rock : and the beads were almoR pined and loft for hunger. For the hill 
 tops for the moll" part are b.ire of grafs ■ and look what furage there was, the fnow overhilled it 
 The dales and lowerV.rrunds have fome litile banks 1} ingto the fun, and rivers withal, ncer nnto* 
 the vvoods , yea, and places more meet and befeeming for men to inhabit. There were the la- 
 bouring beads put out to grafs and padiire, and thefouldiers that were wearied with making the 
 waye5, had f.hrce dayes allowed. to red in. From thence they went down into the plain coim- 
 try , where they found both the pia. e more eafy and plcafant^ and the natures of tire inhabitants 
 moretrailable. ' M 
 
 In this manner and by this me.ms principnlly, cntrcd iheCarthagiuians into //.,/;, five months 
 after they departedtrcm new Ca -th^^j- /as icme write : ) and within fifteen daves overcame and 
 pafled the Alps, What power Anniklhsd, when he was arrived in Italy, the hidorians do noc 
 agree. They that fj^'cak with themoft-, write that he was looooofoot, and 20000 horfe dron"- 
 they that make the lead of it, fay they were 20000 loot, and 6000 horfe. L. Chicim AUmcnim, 
 who h.uh dehvered under his hand, that himfdf was t>'kenprifoner by Annibd (it writer of "reac 
 authority > would induce m;; fufficicntly to believe him, but that he i'etteth down the numb^er of 
 con'ufedly, by adding 10 th;: red, the Gauls and Ligurians. He recordeth.thatcountinr^ them. 
 
 laurinsf^ouptry, whi'h was the next Nation in //.j/y, adjoyning to theGauls. Which bein.^ 
 a thing agreed upon -amongdall, I marvel fo much the more thar^here is any doubt , on whi'h 
 lide he went over the Al^^ : and that commonly it isbelieved. that hepailed by -i place called 
 ier.ynmim , arid that thereupon the top of the Alps took the name, and was fo called GUu, 
 laicti J he took his way over by the top ol Crsmor, : both which p-affnges furely would have 
 
 brought
 
 The one and twentieth Boo^ofT. Liv'ius, 535 
 
 A brought him not inco the Taurins country, buc through the mountain forrefts, untotheGaub 
 called L:l;ut. But neither is it probable chat in thofe days the fame paflages were open into Fra ?c(: 
 conhdering, that the wayes which le..d to Pen»in;im vvereenvironed with nitions halt Germans. 
 And certainly , the Veragrians, who inhabit this very top (in cafe a man may build ought upon this 
 conjecture jnever knew that thefe mountains took the name of any palTage o! the Carthaginians, 
 that way: butot fome one place confecrated in the top of the hilljWhich the peafants andmouri- 
 tainers called Pennmum. 
 
 Very happily and fitly it fell out for the enterprife of hisfirft defignments, that the.Taurins 
 the next nation became unto made Wat upon the Inliibnans.But v^^wz/J'd/ being bnfied in lefrefli- 
 Ijing his army (that now had mol^ feeling of their harms whiih they had caught before) could not 
 arm the fame to t-he aid and gratifying of either paicy: for eafe after travel; plenty upon fcaraty, 
 good keeping and delicate, after loathfome nsffinei's, didbya hidden thange greatly alter and di- 
 Uemper their lean and pined bodies, well neerfavageand wild grown. Which was the caufe that 
 P.i orndttis the Confui, being an ived and landed at Pife^ alter he had recei v ed of Manlus AttiU- 
 «/an army of new and raw louldiers, fearful for fotr.e fhameful difgra; e and defeat lately recei- 
 ved, made halfe and highed him to the /'o, for to givebattel unto the enemy, before he were well 
 retreflied and in heart again. But by that time that thcConlul was come to Placentta^ Annihdl 
 had diflodged and removed his camp, and won by affault the chief City or Town of the Taurins, 
 becaufe it willingly yeelded not to accept of his amky and proceflion; and lurely not by fear only, 
 Cbut alfo of voluntary good will, he had gained unto him the Gauls that inhabited about the /'o, 
 but that the fudden coming of rhe Conl'ulinterrupted and furprized them, as they v/erecaHinga- 
 bout to fpie fome opportunity of rebelUon, So ^kw^*?/ diflodged, and removed out oftheTati- 
 rins country, with this opinion, that the Gauls efpecially,being doubtful as yet what part to take, 
 would follow him being prefent in place. Now were the armies in manner one in fight of the o- 
 ther,and the Generals approached nigher together : and as they were not yet well known one 
 wnto the other, fo they had already both of them a great opinion, and reciprocal admiration one 
 of the other. For as A3;»/'<?/ wasmuch renowned, and his name right well known among the 
 Romans, even fince before Sflguntum was loll : fo Sc:pto was taken of him, and reputed for fome 
 iingular and excellent man, in that he efpecially above all other, was chofen General againll him, 
 n Which mutual conceit and impreflion they had, they augmented themfeUei one to the other : 
 for that Scipioi albeit he was lelt behind in France, yet he met Kn»:bd^ and was ready to make 
 head a^ainlf him: fo foon as he was pafled the Kips: and A»«/^4/ again, becaufehaving enterpri- 
 fed fo oleac an adventure, as to pafs the htpl^ and now brought the fame to good effect. But Sci- 
 »/<»toprevent Awwz^^/incrofTing the Po before him, removed his camp to the river Tici:ihs : ^nd 
 for to encou. age his fouldiers, before he brought them forth to battel, he made an Oration unto 
 them, and began in this manner, 
 
 " My valiant ibuldiers and truHy friends, if I were now to lead that army into the field, which 
 •« I had with me in Fraicct I wouldhaveforborn to make any fpeech at all unto you ; for to what 
 <'^ purpofe needed I to exhort, either that Cavalry, which fo valiantly had vanquiflied thehorfe- 
 E'' men of the enemies at the river ^Wj««,f: orthofe legions, with whom I followed in chafe as it 
 " were, even thefe very enemies, and whofe falling off and retufing battel I take to be a cotifdlion 
 '' of victory ? But now for as much as that army, being indeed levied for the province 5/),7/;7, 
 " feneth with mybrotherC»..5r/p/»5Undermy name andcommilTionjwhereitpleafeth theSenac 
 " and people of /Jowf, they fhould be employed ) to the end thatye might have a Confui to be 
 " your Captain, againft A>«/2/^^/ and the Carthaginians, 1 have willingly offered my felf to this 
 <*war. Ifbeing then, your new Captain, and you my newfouldiers, meet it is and convenient 
 '' I fliould ufe a few words unto you. And to the end you fhould not be ignorant, either of the 
 "manner of thisfervice, or quality of your enemy ; with thofe men ye are to hght, whominthe 
 " former Punick war ye overcame both by land and fea ; of whom for thefe twenty years ye have 
 F '■• received tribut ; from whom ye have v/on (as the due wages and reward of the war) ^/ci/jr 
 <' and S.?r^!wrt both, and them do hold an J occupy. In this battel therefore, both you and they 
 <« are to catry that mind, and lb to be affeftedas winners and lofers are to be:for never think that 
 "it is valor and hardinefnhatprovoketh them now to fight, but meet necelTity and compulfion 
 " enforceth them to the field. Unlefs you vvil believe,that they who when they had an entire army 
 " and unfoiled,refufed battel, fliould now have greater hope, and take more courage, after they 
 <= have loff two parts oftheirhorfe and foot,inthe very paflageoftheA//); ; and of _ whom, there 
 " ha ve more perifhed in a manner, then remain alive. But will fon^e man fay, True it is, few they 
 « are in nnmber,but (lout in heart ,and tall of hand,whofe flrength & puiffanceno force is hardly 
 «' able to abide. Images ihey are nay,to fay moretruly,the very fhadows of men, and no better ; 
 Q " with hunger bitten, with cold flarved.loft for want of keeping, Ipoiled with naftinefs .and filthy 
 " ordure bruifed and weakned amongft hard rocks and craggy cliff's : over and behdes,joint_sand 
 "marrow dried up and burnt, their iinews nirunk,hard, andlfiffagain with cold and chilling 
 " fnow, thei' lims finged with bitter froft, their armor cruflied.bruifed^and their weapons bro- 
 * "ken; their horfes no other then lame jades and poor hide-bound Tits, See what horfemenlo 
 " what footmen yc are to fight withal, Beleeve me, ye fliall have the very reliques and lart rem- 
 " nancs oFeneTiic? and not enemies indeed.And I affure you, nothing fear I more than this,ihat 
 "before ye (hall skirmifh with this kind of enemy, itwillbe thoughtthai the A/p^ already have. 
 
 Q a vanquifnedl
 
 2 j5 The one and fwentteth Boo\ofT, Li vius. 
 
 "■ vanquifliedanddeieated yi»«//'(«/. But peradventureic was fomeet, and real'on would, that rt 
 " the gods themfeives without mans help fhould againli that Captain and nation, which hadbro- 
 "ken league and covenants begin the war hrft.let it in good t'orvvardnefsjand bringit to the point 
 '^ of an end ; and taen we, who next to the gods have been offended and wronged) fhould hnifh 
 "the (ame thus begun to our hc^nds, and brought to lo good a pals, I fear not that any man here 
 " doth think, that I utter thele brave and glorious words only tor to hearten you, and that my 
 " felf think otherwife in beart, then I fpeak with tongue. I might ha\egouemy feltwell enough 
 " into Sfiiyi, my proper and peculiar p; o ince, (where I had been aforetime) and with an army 
 " of mine own : 1 ihouid have had my brother there, both a counl'ellor tome m my diHrefl"es,and 
 "acompinion with me in my dangers. I tound ^/rf/-«^<«/ rather then A«»/^^/ mine enemy, and I 
 " no doubt, the.affairs and charge of the war tar iels then here. But when I failed by the coali of 
 *' fr^tff^,and upon the bruit and news ot this enemy was let a land,! fent my Cavalry before. and 
 * ' removed camp as far as to Rhcd.mus,and in a battel of horfemenffor with that part of my fotves 
 "it was my hap to encounter and f^gbt^ldifcomhted the enemy: and tor that by land I could 
 "notover:akehi" Intantry, fo haiUxythcy mar.hed away, like men that fled)' I was fain to return 
 "to the )ea, and cmuark again into my fliip: •" and with a> great expedition and (peed as I could 
 *'make(ccnrdcrirgro gieat a loinpsisaboucoflcaand land) at the very foot ol the A/fr, I was 
 "ieadytoen,ountcrandpffronthim.C^nitDethoughtthen,ihat whiles ITnunned and avoided ■ 
 " fight, I fell by change and at un.i»- ares upon this dre.-d and redoubted enemy? or rather, that 
 *' I followed him hard atbeeisrand challenged him, to cirnv him forth unto a battel, thereby to KI 
 •'have it decided who fhouid have the vidcjy in tne end? I wcuid gladly make tryal whether 
 " all ofafudden the earth hath brouj-htfortn^ortheietwentv years, Carthaginians, of another 
 **mould ornevv (hmp: or whethertnc) be the fame tiiattougnt neer the Iflands JE^ates, and 
 • ii.fhi! 3.d. " whom ye 'ent away and let gofrom £»va-, vaiurd atter the rate of i 8. * deniers a piece,and no 
 fteil. "niore:andtain would I lee, whether this A »;^<j/bethe.onairrent oi Hercules, toundertake 
 
 <-hisjou.neys and voyages, as he laith himielf: orone left by hi> father, a tributary, a vaflal, and 
 "aflave of the people of/? we : who, but that he is to.mented in ronfcien.e for the outrage and 
 " and cruelty committed upon Safu>:tHm.viott\(i have lomerelpeaand regard, if not of his na- 
 "tive country (conquered and lubdued) yet ot his own houfe, of the peace and covenants writ- 
 *' ten by his father Amtlcar^zad his own hand: Amilc.-r(l fay) who at the comm.andmentof our t 
 "Confui,removed his garrifon from £r).v; who fuming and (forming, receiied with forrowful 
 " heart the grievous and heavy conditions ot peace impofed upon the conquered Carthaginiansj 
 « who capitulated and covenanted to abandon Sta/y, and to pay a tribut to the people of Rome : I 
 <' woti.d hav e you thcrf"ore(my hardy fouidiers)to fight againff him not only with the fame cou- 
 « rage as yor .!o vvith other encmies>but in a certain heat of choler & indignation,as if you fhould 
 <« fee vi.ar owniervants and flav es on a fuddenro riie up inarms againU you.VVe might weUf we 
 «' had beenfo m-nded, when they were encloied and fhuc fait within Ery.v, have put them to the 
 <^' utmoft extremity o^'al! worldly pain, and famillied them. We might have pafl'ed over with our 
 " vidorious Armado into A Vi^ k and withi ew day<; forced and razed Cmhage, without any 
 " battel tought.We pardmed tticm at their humble requelf ,and took rhem to mercy; we iet them M 
 « out where they were bei e-ed ?nd beieagueredjand notwithlfanding that they wereby usfub- 
 "dued vve made peace ard.ontradedimity with them: and afterward, when they were mole- 
 <' Hed and dilfrefied wiih the Afruans war, we counted them within ourproteftion. In recom- 
 " pence of thefe good favours and demerits they come aga^nlf us- under the leading c)f an hum.o- 
 " rous bra in-fckmd furious vung man, toinvadeand allail ourcountry. And f would it had 
 
 *' there is no army behind our bac ks to withliand and make head againB the enemy, if we chance 
 " to fail of vidory: neither arerhere any more A/y7/ which while he is getting overwemight have N 
 *« leilureintheme^n time to aflemble and prepare new foices. Here in this very place (fouldiers) 
 " mnft we itand to it.and make refiftan e. as if we were fightin^; under Rome walls. Let every man 
 *' think that he is not only to defend and ward his own body.biit to proteit his wife and litle chil- 
 
 *£ u"^^"'/"^ '^^ ^''^^^ °"^ ^^^^^^ ^^^ "^^ ^^''^' "°^ '^^^ ^'^ P"^'^"^ ^'^^'^^ ^^^ dnmeftical char'^e, 
 <c u ^/ ^^" conhder this, Thateven now the Senat and people of Rome beholdeth and feeth ouc 
 
 hardy deeds, and look how our force and valor now Ipeedeth and flieweth it felf, fuch from 
 
 henceforth will the ftate and fortune be of that City and Empire of ^<7Wf. 
 
 Thefe words had the Conful to the Romans. But A>i>j,hal, fuppofing that his men werefirftto 
 be encouraged by reprefentation of feme deeds & then exhorted with wordsihavinamarfhalled 
 his army in a round comp3ls(as it were) to behold fome fpeftacle in a Theatre : he fetln the midft q 
 ofthemalMhcpriloners mountairers bound(a!; they wcre^hand and foot: and cafiing down at 
 their feet,t he armor and weapons ofthe Gauls he demanded of them by a truchman,or interpre- 
 ter, Which of them (upon condition to be eafed of his bands, and to have armor , and an horfe of 
 fervice, given h™ foraprizeot vi^ory) would enter into combat, and fight at the utterance for "* 
 
 f u'^^" u "'J^"f"<=y -"Ha^iwered with onevoice,Thatthev would wilh no betfer,and not onf. 
 ot them but called for a fword,& required to f^ght: and therupon,t he lots were fliuffled to be caft, 
 & not one there was but wiflied himlelf to be the man ^whom fortune would chufe for the cobat. 
 
 Then
 
 The one and twentieth Boo^ofT.hivius, 2 ^7 
 
 A Then every man as his lot fell) in token of cheerfulnefs and contentment of fpiricjeapt for jov 
 among his fellows that rejoiced in his behalf, fella dancing after their manner, andfo^'ha.'lily) 
 took arms and weapons: all the while that they were in fight there appeared inch affection and 
 difpohtionofmind,as well in them that were in the fame (hte and condition, as alfo in t^iofe 
 who flood there asfpeitators only in the multitude to look on ; that no lefs happy and fortiinac 
 werethey accounted, whole chance it was to die in the phce.thenthofe whoh.id the upper hand. 
 Upon the fight of fome couples that were thus matched in combat, he dirmifledthem:ind whiles 
 he law them in this good mind, fo well atfeiited and refolute, then he afl^mbled them all together 
 to an audience, and thus by report he fpake unto them. 
 B "My valorous fouidiers, if in the conlideration ofyour own fortune, ye will anon but be^r 
 "that mind, which even now ye Hiewed in beholding the example ot the liate of others; the jour- 
 "ney is ours, and we have the viitory.For that was not a dumb Hie w andbarepngejnt,buta ve- 
 '' ry mirror and pattern ofyour own condition: and I wot not, whether fottune hath ccmDaficd 
 " about with harder bonds and greater neceffities, your own feh es, or your prifoners. On both 
 " hands, as well the right as the lctr,encloied ye are,andlliut up within two leas; and have not fo 
 " much as one fhip to embark in for toefcape away, and fave yourfelves.Beforeycurcerat hand 
 *' is the Po.a greater river; and more violent cheri iJ/;oi.i;/«j-; behind you are the ^/jp/ to hem you 
 "in; theri/;;/, I fay, which ye hardly pafled when you were in heart and lully. Heremu(i ye 
 " either get viftory (firs) or lofe your lives, even where ye have firrt encountred your enemy: and 
 C " the lame fortune, which hath laid upon you neceflity ot fight prefenteth and profereth unco ycu 
 "(if you go away with vidory) fuch rewards, as men ul'e not to win-i for greater and morehono- 
 *' rable at the hands of the immortal gods. If by our manhood and valour we fliould but reco- 
 " verand win a^uaSialy and Sardipnj, vyhich were got from our fathers; thofe were rewards 
 "and prizes fufficient; but now, over antibehdeswhat riches ortreafure the Romans info many 
 " triumphs, have gathered laid iip, and held in pofleffion, all that willbeours yca,and the owners 
 "thereotthemfelves withal. Goto it then a Gods name, and take arms,inalUired hope of gaining 
 " fo rich a booty and reward. Ye have all this while been long enough a courfingand chahng 
 " the v\ild beatis in the wide and defart mountains of * Lufitania and * Ccltiberut-, ind have I'een * Pi3./«^.»/, 
 " norecompence and fruit ofyour travels and dangers: it is now high time for you to fer rein ^b/wv, oras 
 D '* the wars for good pay and rich rewards, and to receive great wages and prizes for your labour ^o'''^ t^'nfe 
 " and painful fervice ; you that have meafured fo long a voyage, paffed over fo many mountains ^"^'^"''' 
 *' and rivers, and marched through fo many armed and warlike nations. Here is the place where 
 ''fortune hath fet down the utmoli bound, and pitched the fatthefl: point & limit ofyouriabors ; 
 " here will fhe give you a condigne recompenceandfalary, afteryou have ferved and followed 
 ''the wars the full time;by order and law required .Never think that the victory will be fo hardly 
 " atchieved, as the war in name is counted difficult. For oftentimes an enemy of fmall or ^orec- 
 *' koningandregard,hath given a bloody battel; yea, moft noble States, mofl renowned and 
 "glorious Kings, have in the very turning of an hand been overthrown. For, letting afidetbis 
 '* goodly, gay, and ghttering name only ot'the Romans, what is there wherein they are with yon 
 E "tobecompared.^To fay nothing of that continual warfare of yours, for 20 years fpae, with fu.h 
 '^ valour and happy fuccefs: even from Hercules pillars, from the Ocean, from the utmolf bounds 
 "of the earth, through fo many nations of S;)4;», and mofl fell and cruel Gauls, ye are come thus 
 "far with vii^ory.Andnow fhallyefight withan army of new and untrained fouldiers, who no 
 <' longer ago then this very fummer, were beaten, put to the fword, vanquifhed and beheged by 
 " the Gaulsjan army(to fay a truth)not known at all to their own Captain, S: as little acquainted 
 " with him. And tofpeakofmine ownperfon, ifnotborn yet at leaftwil'e brought up in the very 
 *' tent and royal pavilion of my father(a moft noble warrior and renowned Captain of his time) 
 *^ who havefubdued Spain^ conquered Gauls, overcome not only the people of the ^/j;j-,but that 
 *' which is much more, the very ,^//)/themfelves. Should I make comparifon between myfelfe^ 
 F "and this half-year Captain- who hath abandoned and left his own camp and army ? Unto 
 "whom,ifaman fliould this day, prefent the Carthaginians and Roman* together, without 
 " their enfigns and colours, he could not tell, I dare well fay, ot whether army he were thelea- 
 "derandConful. For I make no fmall account, I tell you ofthis (my tall fellows^ that there is 
 *' not one of you all, who hath not many a timeandoitenfeenandbeheldmy felf in perfon, per- 
 *'formingfome warlike and military exploit ; and unto whom I (as beholder and eye wiinefs of 
 '' his valor) cannot recount the time and place of his worthy deed &fervice.Thenyepraii'edand 
 " commended me,then ye rewarded & honored me with divers gifts Sc prefencs. And ev en I( who 
 " hjvebeen a fouldier trained up and taught by you, beforelwas yourGeneralJ willmarchin 
 '' battel againft them, that know not one another,and are unknown likewiie unto their Captain. 
 G " Which way foever I turn and calf mine eys, me thinks. I fee all full of couragious flomack, and 
 " forcible puiffance. The footmen, old beaten and praffifed fouldiersJances and men of arms,with 
 "bardhorfes, and the light horfemen likewife, chofen forth of moft hardy and valiant Nations: 
 .^ "of one fide, moH faithful and refolute allies ; on the other, doughty Carthapinians ready to 
 '<' fight, as well in countries defence, as alfo for moft juft and due revenge. We come of our 
 " felves to mike war, and we delcend into Italy with banners difplayed. refolved to fight with 
 " fo much more courage, as they commonly who are affailants , have greater flomack and more 
 *' hope then the defendants. Over and befides, our hearts are kindled, and our minds pricked 
 
 Gg a o!j
 
 I 
 
 220 The one and wentieth iSoo^o/T.Livius. 
 
 " on and provoked withienfe of injuries and indignities. Firft andformoft they required, that I ^ 
 " your General fliould be delivered unto them, as a condemned prifoner at the bar : then they 
 " would have had nil you that were at the aiVault ot o.'fl^««f «w, yeelded up into their hands, to be 
 " put to mod extream torturs & execution. A people they are, lul of all exceflive cruelty jnlolenc 
 " and proud beyond all mealure ; they would have but all in their power, and at their dilpofition: 
 " they muftptefcribe, limit, and fet down, with whom we fliouldwar; with whom we may 
 ♦'makepeace; reflrainingandcnclohng us within the tearms and bounds of hills and rivers » 
 " whiCi-jforfoothwe muft not pafs: and they themfeives keep not the limits, which they appoint, 
 " Pafs not (fay iheyj /^frwj in any wile ; meddle not at all with the Saguntins ; come not ceet 
 "them, 5^^i!m»whacdeth upon the liver /^£y*«,flep not one foot forward, we advife you, Ic I 
 " fufficeth not their turn, that they have taken from us our ancient Provinces, Sicily and Sitrdi- 
 "wVjjunlef^ they may have away 5;><i/K too. And if 1 flioulddep</rt from thence, andquitihac 
 <•* Realm alfo, they would not liay there, but will pafs over (iraight into Jfrick^: nay, they have 
 *' fent over this year already twoConfuls, the one into jifnck^-. the other mio Spam: nothing 
 '* have chey lelt for us, but that which we can win and hold with the fwords point. Well may 
 '• they be cow^ards, and phy the idle lusks, having a place of refuge to retire unto, who in their 
 "owncountry and ground may be received, when they take their heels and run through wayes ., 
 t' without danger, to fave themfeives. As for us, it (fands us upon to play the men, andtomake || 
 " ai. counc of nc mean dei.gns between victory and death but upon certain defpair of all fliilts be- 
 " fides, either to ob'\un v ietory;orh fortune Td all fail and oive us the foil^chufe rather tc) die figh- K 
 "tirgthantobe killed flying. If thisbefetled and deeply imprinted in your hearts,if this be your 
 "refolution, i willfay on e again, The day is yours. A more poinant and fharper goad, than 
 *' this, to provoke mento vicroiy. never gave the immortalgods to any whatfoever. 
 
 When by thefe Orations, the fouldiers hearts of both fides were infiamed to fight, the Romans 
 
 made a bridg over Ttcinus • and for deienr e of the bridg ere^ed a fconce and tort thereupon.Buc 
 
 .^. «?^^/ while the cDfaiies were bulieat work, lent yI</-?/w>-^^/ with a Cornet of Numidians, to 
 
 the number of 5 co. light horitmen, to overrun and waOe the territories belonging co the allies 
 
 c^tht people o^Rame: lommanding him withal,to make as great fpareofthe Gauls as he could, 
 
 and to foUicit and perlwade their Nobles and Lords- unto rebellion. After the bridg was finiffied, 
 
 theRomanarmypafled over into the Infubiians country, encamped themfeives upon certaine L 
 
 hills, five miles off from a village where ^;?«;^^/ alio lay in camp: who I'eeing there was abattel 
 
 toward, fentfpeedily for i^<!/;<!r^<i/ back again, and the horfemen: and thinking belike, that he 
 
 could nev er lay enough to his fouldiers, and admonifh them fuflicieniiy to do well and animate 
 
 them to fight, he called them all again together to an audience ; where he propofed, and promiled 
 
 unto them openly , certain affured rewaids, the hope whereof might incite them to fightinamely, 
 
 Jrr>pr>mis, that he would endow them with fair lands in It^.h^/jfrici{.oi Ap^;>,whcre they would 
 
 ihemfelves,to h;ue,and to enjoy to him and to his heir- for ever>3s free hold in frank tenure,with- 
 
 outfervice : ifany one would chufe to have money rather then land, him he would content with 
 
 filver. Item,oi tie allies, as many as hereafter v^eredehrous robe enfranchifed Citizens of C^r- 
 
 thage.ji\\t'j fliould have their tree burgeofie:& thofe that had a mind rather to return homeagain, M 
 
 he would endeavor and bring about that he fl:iould live fo well, asnot one of them would wifh. 
 
 for to exchage his If att" with any of his neighbors and countrimen whatfoever. Laff ofalMook 
 
 what bond fervants attended and followed their mafters, to them he promifed freedom;and thac 
 
 inlieuof them, he would deliveragain unto their maflers two for one, oftheflaves takencap- 
 
 livesinwar.And that they might be affured, that he would perform all thefe promifes, beheld 
 
 with hi^ left hand a Lamb, and in the right aflintftone, and prayed folemnly,' That if he failed 
 
 herein. J>//>'fcr and the reff ofthe gods, would fo kill him, asheflewthat Lamb.- andprefently 
 
 after his prayer done, he fmote the Lamb on the head, and dafht out the brains. Whereat they 
 
 all every one, conceived andemi>raced affured hope unto themfelves,that the godsfaid An>enzx\d 
 
 were on their fide : and fuppofirg that the on'y ffay of enjoying their hopes, and obtaining their t4 
 
 rewards, was, becaufe they had not fought already 5 with one heart and voice they called foe 
 
 battel. 
 
 The Romans for their part, were nothing fo lufly;forbef^des other thing<;, they were affrighted 
 with new prodigies and fearful fights. For it hapncd that a Wolt entred their camp, & ai'ter he had 
 worried and torn thofe that came in his way, efcaped unhurt. Aifo a fvvarm of Bees letled upon a 
 tree thar grew over the General's pavilion. Whichftrangetokens being purged and cleared by an 
 expiatory facrifice, Sc:fio with his Cavalry and darts lightly appointed, went toward the camp of 
 theenemy to view their for;es,and to obferve how many and of what condition and quality they 
 wereVind there he er' ountred k-iA:hal-, who alfo was gone forth with his horfemen to difcover 
 the country ;bout .Ar the firff t hey faw not one another but afterwards-by reafon of the thick duff q 
 tharrofenpon themarch of fo many men and horfes, they knew that enemies approached neer. 
 Onl<othf.dcsrheb<'rcaii!cn, mideafiand, and every man buckled himfelf to the skirmifh. Sci- 
 f/'oplated his A rJjcrs and horfemen of the Gauls inthe forefront: the Romans and ftrength of ' 
 Allies, he beftowcd behind forfuccours in therereg-ird. hnmbalict in this battel, his great bar- 
 bed horfes with his Ian' es and men of arms.and ffrengthned the wings with Numidian horfemen. 
 The very firft charge and fhout was fcarce done, when the Archers aforefaid retired among the 
 rereguard inthe I'econd battaillon: by occafion wherof,the horfmen alonefought a good while in 
 
 equal
 
 The XXL Boo/^ofT, Livi us. 009 
 
 A cualbtitrel: yea, and afterwards, becaule the footmen that were intermingled among troubled 
 and difordercd thehorles, many eichertell,orelfc;aii3hted from their horles,to gothithe: where 
 ihey law chcir fellows to be environed and overcharged. The conflii\ became very donbttiil in 
 many pla.es until fuch time as the Numidians (who were in the wings) wheeling about by little 
 and liuiejil-sewedthemieUes behind the backs of the Romans: this tearful light troubled them 
 gre.uiy,andthe fear was enc tea fed by reafon of the Conlul bis hurt ; theextream danger wher- 
 of, was put by and avoided by therefcue ofhis fon(then a very Itriplin;^ as yet, and fcarce hada- 
 ny hairupon his face) this youth is he, whohad the honor of happy ending this war, furnamed 
 alterwarasCuponthenoblevi£tory and memorable conqueit over .■hmib^U and the Cirtha^ini- 
 Bans) v^//(r»t«AM. But the Archers were they that Bed falkli away, even tho:c whom the Numidi- 
 ans let uponHrlK The rert chat were hcrlem.en, keeping thick and Jofe together, recovered their 
 Conlul within their files into the micilt of them: and protefting him not only with their wea- 
 pons, but a. lb with their bodies brought him back fate unto the camp : retiring all the way nei- 
 ther diforderly.nor like fearfui men over haliiiy .The honor oF laving theConrulifa-////^ attributetb 
 unto a bondflaieotL/gw/>. But I verily would rather beleeve it of the Ion: which alfo thegre;- 
 ter number of authors do affirm but the common famegoech ot'thefaidbondflave. This was the 
 fird battel with A>;«/^.-j/: wherein it eai,ly appeared that the Carthaginians were better in Cavol:-y, 
 and thereture the open plain field fuch as were between the Pozad the h/ps-.wetQ notfo?ood tor 
 the Romans to hght in. The night following therefore, Sap.-o commanded his fouldiers^fecretly 
 C without any noife to tiufs up bag and baggage, and to diOodge : and removed tVom Ticinm^ and 
 made halle to Po • that whiles his boats were not yet unlooled one from the other, in which fas 
 uponabridi;e)hehsd brought o.er his army-he might without any trouble and purluit of the e- 
 nemy, condud the fame ba.k again. And they came to ^PLtcemia before that A«;j.-^.'/knew they 
 were departed from itctr.tis; howbeit- he took lome of them that made (}ay on the hither fideof 
 the bank,as they were too flow about disjoining and loorcningtheforefaidbridg of boats :upon 
 which he could not pafs over, by reafon that when both ends were let loofe, the planks andalK 
 wentdownthe waterwith theHream, C(r/wwrit?th,ibat /W^ao vvith hishor'es, and Spanifli 
 footmen, prefently, fwam over the river; and that A«;j//'<i/himfelfIedoverhis a. ray at the upper 
 foordsof/'o: for which purpofe, hefet the Elephants along on arow to break and bear off the 
 X) violence and ftream of the current. A thing lurely that they were hardly a'lle todo, who were 
 skilful and by long experience knew the nature of the River very well. For it fonndeih not like a 
 truth, that horfemen with theirarmor and horfes iilz^ could overcome fo great a rage of the ri- 
 ver, although we fhould grant that all the Spaniards gac over upon blown bladders or leather vef- 
 fels, and behdes, they had needed many days to fetch a compafs for co find the foord ; of Po, over 
 which, the army (laden wirhcarriage)might be conveighed. Butthofeauthorscarry more credit 
 and authority with me, who write that fcarcely in two days they found a pKice to make abridge 
 fofplanks joined together) over the river, and that yl/<i^3 and the Spanifh light horfemen vvere 
 lent that way over before. 
 Whiles knnthd>.6^ chis fide of the River, ftaid in giving audience to the embafiages of the Gauls, 
 fhe condudfedovier-thf regiments of footmen more heavily armed: in the mean while, /t/^^oand 
 ihehorremen,aftertbey had pailed the river, marched one ' days journey apace toward the ene- , .[jg^ 
 mtiiX.Vla-.cntiisi, .Aod A'i'Ji^ /(few days after) encamocd himlelfdrongly lix miles {torn. Phi- Eagiiih miles," 
 ce-zitta: and the morrc^w after in the fight of the enemies he put his men in array, and made them asapjie-rcthj 
 offer ofbattel. The night following there was a petty maffi recommitted in theRomanscamp hefjrcinthis 
 by the Gauls that came to aid: but greater was the garboil and tumult, then the harm indeedFor ''°°'^' 
 about 2000 footmen; and 2co horfemen having flain the warders at the gates, fled away to A»- 
 nibal: whom hefpakecourteoufly unto, and when he had drawn them on in hope rfereu gifts 
 and rewardshe difmiffed every one into his own City and Country,to follicic and perfwade their 
 countrimencofide with him, Sdp'o taking thatmaffacreas a foretoken and overture ro the Gauls 
 P revolt in general ; and fuppofng, that now being once guilty and tainted with this offence, rhey 
 would in a madnefs run all to take arms and rife. Although Hill be vvere fo"e of his latewound, 
 yet the night following at the relief of the fourth watch, he marched fti.ly, and removed his camp 
 neer the ti ver Trebia, into the higher countries, and hills that were more troublefom for men of 
 arms. But he wrought not foclol'ely and withoiix the knowledge of the enemy, a? he did at T'lci- 
 fiH<. For A««/i../ having fent out. firlt, the Numidian light hor;e,and then ai: hi- Cavalry: wirh- 
 out quedion'had difordered and endammaged therereward. but tharthcNumidian^for greedi- 
 neU ofpreyand booty, diverted a; de, and turned into the rents abandoned and for'aken of the 
 Romans. Where, whiles they ipent time in ranfackingand rifiinv, every < orner of the camp (and 
 vvhenal! was done, cou'd find no pill.ige worth the flay) the enemy efcaped theirhmd'^. And 
 G vvhen as they had cipied diac the Romans were newlv got over Trebia, and pif lied out a plot for 
 ac--mp, tr.eyf inter epted a few ofthemthat lingred about rhe river and f! w them. Sc'j>io 
 not able now to abide anv loneer the srief and pain ofhis wound, bv 'e^'f-' n ot the Oiakino and 
 iriogoing o^ hisbody as he travelled, and thinking it good ro esped the coming ol the other 
 ConfulhisColleeue (whom he heard already to be lent for out o^' S/'r/v) chofeouc aplace 
 nerrrheriver whi h feemed mo'f fafe for to encamp in, and it he fortified. A??»/^'''/alfo 
 la;, not far off inc amp ; who as he was proud upon the .ate battel of horfemen, fo was he 
 perplexed tor want of viftualsj which fcarcity encre tied upon him every day more and more, 
 
 Gg 3 as
 
 ^^0 ^/^^ XXL Boo^pf T. Linus. 
 
 as he travelled through the enemies country, finding in no place provifion aforchand. Whereup- ^^ 
 on, he went to Cl-ft'dtum^ a town whetem the Rom-nshad betiowxa and laid up great ftore 
 of°rain: where, as he prepared with violence to foretheiown, there appeared iomehopeof 
 tre^lbn, by corrupting of Z'. lir^-ndtfinHs^ the captain of the gcirriion there, and that with no 
 oreatfum oimoney; tor in toni^derationonlycf^oo.peeces otgoldguen \mto\\\m,Cla!fid^Mm 
 was betrayed uinoy^«»//'<j!: the very ftorehoufe and garner ol corn that the Carthaginians had, 
 alltht while they were inicjgoerneer Tr<^;*!. Upon thofe priloners that weretakcn when the 
 oarrifon and fort was betrayed he exerciled no crueky^becaule that in the beginning of bisaffairs, 
 he would winhimfelfa name and opinion ol clemency. 
 
 Whiles the war by land ' ominued thus at Trehta-y there had been Icme warlike exploits atchie- I 
 
 ved both by fea and land .ibout Sialy^&r)^ the Iflands that lie againit Italy neer unto it, both by 
 
 ScmfroniHsi^e Conful, aird alfc belore his coming. Twenty galiies with five ranks ofOars,^ and 
 
 a thoufand armed men, weiefent from the Carthaginians to invade and wafte the coaHs of /m- 
 
 ^ . /„_ Nine ot them arrived at ' Ufa, a: eight fell with the Ifland ot'*^«/c«»3 and three were dri- 
 
 ofiueiainds vcnby tempeft into the Ikaight^- of ^/c/j. Againft them being delcryed within kenning, there 
 
 lEalia. were twelve fliips let out from * Atcjfana^ by Hiero King of the Saracuhans, who hapned at that 
 
 "yukano, ano- time to be in Mejfan.^^zn&n^mg the Roman Conlul his comingjand without any relilhnce made 
 
 tfaer of the j^g boorded thole three ftiips, and brought them away into the Haven o^Meffayia. By chofe that ■ 
 
 *mnittt' ^^""^ "^^" priloners, it was Icnov^n, that befides the twenty fhips aforefaid, fent againft Italy (of 
 
 which Fleet they were) 35galliesoffivecourreof Oars, madelail for 5/^//)-, to foliicit and per- K 
 * Mayfallai fwade the old allies there to revolt. Item . that the et'pecial point and defign that they fliot at,was 
 CUy mSiei/;, tofeizeupon * VlylMmr- but they thought verily that by the fame guttortempeli wherein they 
 and aCapc were fcattered, that other Fleer alfo was cait upon the Illand Agates, And according to this intel- ' J 
 there, called liaence. the Kins from Mrfayra writeth to JEmylim the Roman Pretor or Governor of Sicily ad- " 
 the Eye of ski- ^.f(^f^„ jjjm to keep a ftrong garrifon in LUyb^um : whereupon the Lieutenants and Colonels about 
 ■''* the Pretor were lent from him with allfpeedtoaU the Cities about, to give order, that their 
 
 people might be in readinefs, to keep good ward, and above all, to hold LUybattm fure. And for 
 preparation of wu, therewent forth a proclamation, that the failers andmarriners fhould bring 
 intothefhips tendaysprovilionof viftaals and meat ready drelVed, to the end that upon the fig- 
 nal oiven at an hours warning, without all delay, they ftiould a fhipboord:Aifo that all that dwelt L 
 alone the coaff, fhould firom their fentinels, watch-towers, and beacons, efpy when the enemies 
 fleet approached. Now (albeit the Carthaginians of purpole flayed the courfe of their fhips, ibac 
 they might come jult before day to Lilyhmm)it\Q^ were difi.overed, both tor that the Moon ihooe 
 all nioht, and aHo becaufe they came under fail which they had hoifed up.So foon therefore a* the 
 fional was given out of the Sentinels and watch-towers, & alarm :ried in the iown,ihe mariners 
 were foon imbarked the fouldiers alfo werebeftowed,fometoman and guard the wals,ard guard 
 the gates, others to fctve in the fhips. But the Carthaginians percelving^they were to deal with 
 ■ them that were prov ided for them, Cas being advcrtifed of their coming) forbare to enter the ha- 
 ven until day, and imployed the time in ftriking fails, in untackling their fliips, and preparing 
 them for a battel. When it was broad daylight, they retired into the deep] to have fea roome-M 
 noughtofight and that the enemies fhips mighi have free cgrefs out of thc'havcn. The Remans 
 for their part refuted not battel, comforting rhemfelves with the remembrance ot'the valianr ex- 
 ploits performed in that very place, and truiang alfo upon the numherand valour of tlelr fouldi- 
 ers. They were not lb foon lanched into the open fea.but the Romans were defirous f- giapple, 
 and to come clofe to hand fight: but contrari wife, the Carthaginians held off aloof, willing to 
 proceed by cunning and policy more then by Hrength and meer force j and tomakerrial rather 
 ' of the nimblenefs and agility of their fhips, then either of the pro wefs of men or goodnefs of ar- 
 mor: foras their Fleet wasl'uf!icientlyfurnillied,and tothefull, wich amiii'Jiidecf.n:: r~i»T;'r';.ro 
 was it ill prov ided offouldiers : and wherefoeverthey grappled together and cameto hand-fighr, 
 they had not an equal number of men armed to hold play with the enetr,ies: whi.h being once N 
 perceived, the Romans gathered heart, and redoubled tl.eir courage, by rcafon of their number ; 
 the other fide again were difcouraged and out ol hcrt, for theit dLfank of fouldiers. Jnfomuch 
 as feven Carthaginian gal lies were loon invelfed round and boordedjthe reft fled Offouldiers and 
 marriners together, lyoo. were in them taken; amongft whom, there were three great Gentle- 
 men of Carthage. The Roman fleet Hill entire and whole, fave one veffel only that was bonged 
 and pierced (yet able to be brought back) returned into the haven. 
 
 Prefently after this battel, ard btib'-e that they of yT^fj(/"<jM had knowledge thereof, T. Sem- 
 />rff»;«.ftbe Conful arrived at M //"^^^/^j-" and as heentred within the found king//;fj-« met h'm, 
 with a fleet well fnrninied ^nn ri bly de ked and coming forth of his roya! fliip into the Adrnir.il 
 olthe Crn'ul.s .it welcomed him, and rejoyced for the fafe return of his men and fliips -dndyt^y- q 
 cdGod that bis voyage- into ''.rj/jMnight prove happy and fortunate. Thenfhcwed he nntohim 
 the pre e'.n eftate, and the -iflFairs of the Iflard ; opened the dciii:nmcnts of the Carthaginians ; 
 andpromifed withal, that with as eood a mind and found beart asm the former war againft i he 
 Cartha&inians, when he wa^. a young man, be had aided the people r>'i Rome; in nowin 
 his old age he vvould afTft ihem : and for proof hereof, be would of hi- own ree coft fnrnifli both 
 the Confuls legions, and alfo themarriners wirhcornandrayment. Among othcrmarrers heen- 
 fonned him how Liljbuumi and other Cities on the fea coatt were in great danger, by reafon of 
 
 fome
 
 The XXL Boo\ofT.Lm us. 241 
 
 A fometmong them that deHred a change and alteration. Whereupon the Conful thought good to 
 make no deiay, but to fet fail with all ipeed to Ltlyhxtmh whom the King and his royal Heec ac- 
 companied : and as they were failing ,tidings came oFthe forelaid battel before Lil^Uum-iad how 
 che e.^emies fhips were either fcattered and put to flight, or boorded and taken. 
 
 The Conful having bid King Hitro adieu, with his fleet fet fail from LilyL-emh leaving behind 
 himthePrcrortodefend thecoa(t of5«c;7)r, and crofledthe fea himfelf to the Ifland ' /^/f//f^, * MtUx. 
 which was held by the Carthaginians. At wholecoming, ylmi/car ihei'on olG.fjo, Captain of che 
 gatriton there, rendered himlelf, and looo. fouldiers within a very few, together with the Town 
 andthellland. From whente, within few days he returned to L///^«»;: wherethe pri.oners 
 B (excepting ertain noble perfons of high parentage) were by the Coniul and thePretor bothjbld 
 openly in port f,i.e. When the Coniul thought ^/o// on that coadfure enough, he fet fail from 
 thence towatds the Iflands of r«/c<j», for that the bruit went that a fleet of c'arthaoinians there 
 lay at road : but there were no enemies to be found about ihoie Iflands ; for it chanced they were 
 alread;. paflcd over to wade along the river and coafl of /.<?/;; and having forraged the territory 
 of * ri'-o, they pjt the City alfo in great fear. As the Conful returned bat k again lo SiaJy. tidings «.,- 
 came that the enemy had made rodes into the country ot r!i!o;:r. and he re.eued letters alfo from vZTt.' ""^ 
 iheSenat, concernmgthecomingof .-j«;7;;^<r/ into /^?/>, and therefore that he flionid with all 
 fpeed poflible aid and '.uccour his Colegue. The Conful being at once troubled with many cares, 
 prefently embarked his army, and by the Adriatick fea, fent them away to ' Artminuw. To Sext. * K'*'""* 
 C^ew/3»'«^hisLieuten2nt, he gave the change of 25 Galliesfor the defence of the territory of 
 ^;^o,3nd the fea-coall of /(^/v. With M,K^mylm^ the Pretor,he left a fleet augmented to the num- 
 ber of fi;ty fail ; which done, and all things fet in order in 5/W/, himfelf with ten fliips coafled a- 
 long/M/y, and arrived at ' v4r;»»/»«w, from whence he put himfelf in his journey, andmarched * siHertit 
 with one army to the river />e^/rf,wherehe joined with his fellow Conful.Now were both Con- 
 fuls,andthe whole puiffance and force of the Romans oppofedagainrt jinuha!^ foasit appeared 
 plainly, thateither with that power the Empire of ^ow? might be defendedorelfe all their hope 
 was gone.Howbeit one of the Confuls being weakned and difcouiaged with the defeat of his 
 horlemen in one battel and difmayedbefides with the hurt he hadre.eived in his body, defired 
 to ha ^ e tiic tight deferred : but the other coming frefJi and luUy , and therby more hardy, would 
 £) abide nodcl.iy. 
 
 It tell out i o at that time,that the Gauls inhabited all the Country between the two rivers Tre- 
 hiaxad P-. >vho while* thefe two moR puiffant nations were at llrifeand wjrred.heldoffasneu- 
 cers,and favoured neither fide, making full account of the good will and grace of that part which 
 (bould have the beiter. The Romans becaufeihey would now make no (fir, and have no more 
 irons in the Are, took the matter wellenough:but y4«»/^rf/was very much thereat offended, gi- 
 ving out very Oiten, that he was fent for by the Gauls for their deliverance and liberty. Upon this 
 inrlignation and difpleafure,and for that alfo he would feed his men with bootiesihe commanded 
 2000 footmen, and a thoufand horfemen.mort of themNumidians, and fome Gauls among, to 
 overrunandfpoilallthecountry forward, even to the banks of Po. The Gauls ftanding in need 
 f of help, and havinguntil that timekept themfelves in doubtful tearms, were forced to turn from 
 tbofe^hat offered them wrong, and to endine and cleave unto the Romans that fljouid revenc;e 
 their injuries and proted\ them. Whereupon they fent Embafladors to the Confuls, requeuing 
 the Romans help for their land, which by reafon of the excecdingfide ity, and toomu.h loialty 
 ofthe inhabitants toward them, was now endangered, Cornelius liked neither the caufe, n.-ryec 
 thetimeto deal in fuch affairs : hehad the nation befidesinfufpitionand jealoufie as well forma- 
 lly treacherous parts, as alfo (in cafe he would or could forget all other lewd pranks of theirs) for 
 the fame difloyalty and falfliood ofthe Boians. i-fwp-.-o^/w contrarivvife thought it the fureft 
 bond to keep their all'-es in faith and allegeance, to defend thofe that came fir!> to band 
 and fide with hm.But nowithlf anding his Colleguc call doubts and held off, yet he fent his o ,vn 
 F Cavalry, and a thoufand well neer of footmen darters amongH them, to guard the c our.try ofG;ul 
 beyond Tr-f^w: who coming fuddenly upon the enemies, and charging them at nnawaies as they 
 came fcattered afunder, and out of order , yea.and molt of them laden with fpoil . mightily affrigh- 
 ted them, and inade afoul flanghter and purfued them in flight, as far as to their Handing ramp, 
 and ^-.rpj^.'^.-fiiri^. From whence fneverthelcfs^ they were beaten back by the mnititudothatif- 
 fued forth : but by new fuccorslrom tiieir own companies, they renued tbefgh" apain. I he fight 
 afterward was doubtful r-nd variable : and although they made a faving bargain on both parts yec 
 the common voicegave the honor of victory (fuch as it was) to the Rom .ns ruber then chee- 
 nemics. But no man m ide a oreatermatter oi it, and reckoned it more to the full, then the Cof. 
 himfelf, '-He joyed he tiude hisbnift that hehad got che better, with the help ofthe i'amefor- 
 G"ces, which vinjer t .ccondodt ofthe otherConul, came by the wori'e, Andnowffaith he)the 
 " fouldiers are comforted and re'rel"hed wel enough, and none there is but my brother Coniul that 
 *' would have the b^.ttel deterred : who no doubt is more hen-hearted than bodily hurt ; and for 
 *'the -ememb^ance and fmart ofa little green wound, quaketh to hear ofthe field 5c of ill things 
 *'fannntawav with ed^i-tools.Biit we muft not thusficlHllhere and waxaeed forthepleafu-e of 
 onecraheand hcklv person For what reafon is it, that we fhou'ddri eo*¥ !on?er. and fpend more 
 lime in vain ^ Whit other Con'ul expe<ft weto makeup the third? or what '.my befides Oiould 
 we look for ? The Carthaginians lie encamped in Italy', and well- ocer within the view and light 
 
 of
 
 2AZ Tk XXL Boo\oj T.Livius. 
 
 " of the City of Rome ; and it iv. neither Sicilj nor Sardima taken from them by conquefti not ^ 
 '<■ Sra'y! on -.his id- i: rrm^ ■v^\:h they flioot at, to win again : but thnt the Romans fliould be 
 '"• thrull out of their native foil and country wherin they were born^that is thcr drift anddefign- 
 •'ment. Oh how deeply fquoth he) would our Fathers ligh, bow heartily would they groan'^ 
 "they who were wont to mannage war about thewais of c<irf/7(jff, if they fliould fee iis their 
 off-ipringand childitn, two *lt iMuls withConlular and roial armies inthemidit of //rt/)', fright- 
 ed thus and pantir.'torfcar within our camp? And that ^»«/^ij/ hath fubdued and brought under 
 hisfubjei\ior! a'l tieto-niiry between the ^/p;and ^ffenninum} Theie and fiich like fpee'.hes 
 littered be to hiiXolleguej as he fat by his beds hde, where helayfick uhusfpakehe, as in ano- 
 pen audience, in the CoiT.pavihon and all that quarter, to the fouldier;;. The time alfoofthe E- 1 
 ledionofmagilirarc at A(?»«f, being fo neer at h.'.nd fet himforward;forfe3r,leltthe warlTnould 
 be deferred unto thentwCofl. andiheopportimity withal, of winning all the honor to himlelf 
 whiles his Collegiiecontinuedfii-k, priLked him on. Whereupon, for all the contradidVion o'j 
 Cor»f/'j«,w huh he nothing weighed and regarded, commandment he gave to his fouidiers to 
 be ready .to give battel anon unto the t.nemv..-/«;j.^^/ as one that knew and faw well enough whac 
 was belt and fafell torhis enemy, '.ould hardiyimaginorconceive any hope to himlelf, that the 
 Confuls would cntcrprize any thing rafiily, or without advifement ; but when he undcrHood by 
 hear-fay, that whi^;h aiterwards by good proof and experience he found true, namely, that the 
 oneot them by n.nurewashot haHv,proid and furious : and uippodng that he was the prou- 
 "dei 2nd more furious for the late good hand he had of his forragers; made no doubt and diilrurt K 
 cfthe hippy fuccels and iffne ofabitei. whenfoe. i r it fhou d Lome. Marry, careful he was, that ^ 
 no good time and opportunity prefenttd unto him iTiould be overllipt : but to try the hazzard '■ 
 and fortune of the held whiles the enemies louiditrs wer.-raw and untrained jandthcbettcrand 
 wiier man of the twoGenerals,was unmeet tor lervi. e,by reafon ot his wound as yet uncured;and 
 the courages of the Gauls iuHy and forward : tor weh he wilt, that a mighty number of themi 
 would the more unwillingly foliow, the tiiirher they were drawn from their own home. , An- 
 tj'ibal, Ifay, hoping that by thefe and fuch like ofcaiions, abattel would be foon offered; defi- 
 rous alfohimfelfto bid bjttel if the enemy If aid long: and being advertifed bel-.des by the 
 Gauls, his elpials (whom he employed to hearken out and learn what hedefired to know, and 
 thought them morefure, be-.aufe they fervedinboch camps) that the Romans were ready for the L 
 field ; then began he (crafty Carthaginian as he was^to feek out a convenient placefor anam- 
 bufb. Now there was in tne mid way between, a river running within the borders, havingvery 
 high banks oieither fide, and therefore lying clofe nidden, and all about overfpred v\ith moory 
 weeds, with briers, brambles, and brufh-wood^asforthemoU part; fuih forlet places are over- 
 grown withal, Whivh when .^ww//' /inperfonhad ridden about, and well viewed, perceiving 
 that it would atford lurking holes handlom enough even for horlemen thereto behidden, This 
 flial be thepla e (quoth he. to his brother M,ino)'Nhwh you Oiillkeep. Chufe therefore out of 
 all ti ehbtieand foot a hundred lufly tallfellows of each ; and lee you repair with them to me at 
 thehrli watth, for now is it time to takerepad and to refrtlh ^ our bodies. And with that hefent 
 out to the camptheCriers- tocall the iniilditrstofupper. And long it was not, but .(1^./^» was M 
 come with hischofenmen. I fee (quoth yhn::h J.) ve are goodly men of perfon, and fufficienr. 
 And that ye may be as able in number as hardy in i-ourage, eleft ye alfo out of the Cornets of 
 of horte and fquadrons ot foot, nine a piere fu. h as your felves to ibrr wichal. Afa^o fhall fhew 
 you I he ground where ye mud lip in ambuHi you flial hnd the enemy as blind as beetles,akogethec 
 unscquainted with thefe feat?ai d cunning devi.cs. 
 
 Thus Aw«/^. /having rommitred vmo M.ijroz thousand horfemen and as many footmen him- 
 felf retimes in the morning, willed theNnmi<Jin Cavalry, when they were paffed over the river 
 T^-p/^/'r.toridc braving betore the gitesct-' (he enemies, and by darting and fhootinginto their 
 gnardsj to provoke and draw them forth tohght : with this dite,ftionmoreo\'er whentheskir- 
 mifli wasbegrn.to fall off, and (ectn to retire by little >-nd little, and fo to tr.iin them en this fide N 
 the river. This charge had the Nuir.idian-^.Bnt the otlur Captains a«; well ctfoot as horfe, were 
 comm. nded tofet thcirCompaniesalltotheirHreskfajl- : which done, to arm themfelves, and 
 with their horfes ready ladled, to attend tt e fignal of battel. Sem^romuf upon the alarm and 
 hurliburiy ofiheNumidian<;, rs being forward .^nd deLrous of fight firfl brought foithallhis 
 horfemcn,and barehim'cifbo'd and cnnfident in that fcr. ice ; afcei that fix thouland footmen ; 
 and at lad, all his whole forces; and led them to a plare whii,h before he had defigned and appoin- 
 ted in his mind. It fell out to he in Winter, about the midlto^ December, and a Ynowy day it was 
 in I hole parts lying bet ween the A//>/ and Ap^'w«>»w. Now byreaion oftherivers and moors fo 
 neer, both horfe and men were exceeding cold : alfo tor thjt they were hafliiy on r. fudden, called 
 forthlaring-, and unprovided ofal means againd therold, they had never a whit r\ heat left in q 
 them:andtheneererthcy came to theair and vapourpftheriver, the fliarper cold pinched and 
 pier edthom through. But when ascnceihey fnllowcd upon the Numidiansthatgave back, and 
 wereenired into the water Cwhich by reafon ot'rhe n in that fell bv night was riien bred-high) 
 the-'vycrenot fo Icon gotten out again of the river, (-ur all their bodies begun to chill.' and bediff 
 againiorcold that I'Mrcciy thevconid holdthcirwe^pons : and withal, a:, the day wcnr 'nrther 
 on, fcr very hunger they fainted. But hnnilcl his fouidiers, who in the mean time had m:de fires 
 betore their tentS; and had oy 1 lent them to every company, for to fupple and foUen their joints 
 
 and
 
 The one andwentietb Boo\ofT,\Av\us» 242 
 
 A andlims,and taken iheir repa{t,andeated at leafure;vvhenthey heard fay^that tbe enemies were 
 pafled the river, with hearts couragious and bodies frefh and iuRy, take them to the r weapons, 
 and come forth to fight in ordinance of battel. The B.iieares,and light armed mcn^ to the number 
 almoft of oooo. he ranged before the ilandards in the uom : afte. chcrn he placed the footmen, 
 better appointed and armed to the proof, even the very ftrength and manhood of all his forces : 
 aboutthe wings hefet iocoohorremen;,and behind thofe wings , he divided and appointed hi? 
 Elephants both on the one lide and the other. 
 
 The Conliii Semfronius feeing his horfemen following the chafe on the fpiir, and out of orcfer ; 
 and howatunawares they were charged againby cheNumidians,whoiipona fudden turned and 
 B made head uponthem^ founded the retreat: and when they were rallied about him, hecompaf- 
 fed his footmen with them. The Romans were in number . 8000. of Allies and Latincs 2c coo. 
 befides theaidsof the*Ci?;?ow<i'ffj: which Nation of the Gauls only, continued faithful and true 4 ..„ • 
 toiheRomans. With thefe forces came they into the field, and began the battel. The firil charge ''^^ "■ * ' 
 oftheskirmifli was given bythelllandersof Aj/f.-!rir;,uponwhom, when the legions made head 
 with greater violence, theirlight armed men were quickly brought into the wings: which was 
 a caufethat the Roman horfemen prefently werefurcharged anddiflrelTed. For whereas ofihem- 
 felves they were but 4000. horfc, and hardly able to withlland the fhock often thousand horfe- 
 men of the other, the Romans alfo were wearied, but molt of the Carthaginians freOi and un- 
 tainted : over and befides, they were overwhelmed with a cloud (as it were) of darts, flung and 
 Cfi^ot by the 5f/f. ire Iflanders: Moreover the Elephants which appeared alott from the hindmoll 
 ends of the wings frighted the horfesefpecially, and not only with the Urange fight, but aiio with 
 3» uncouth a fcent and favor, made them, flie every way. Thebattel of the Infantry was equal in 
 courage of heart, rather then in ftrength of body : which theCarthaginians, (as having a little a- 
 fore taken repaft) brought freflv with them into the field : butcontrariwife the Romans were fr- 
 ftingand weary, and torcold even (tarkand benummed.Howbeit their Homacks would havefer- 
 •vedtohave heldoutand withflood to cheendj if they might fiave fought with footmen onely^ 
 But both the £rt/f(i>-ex, having difordered the horfemen, flanked them with their flior, and aifo 
 the Elephants by this time were entred into the middle battaillon of footmen : and withal. Afa- 
 po and the Numidian light horfe^fofoon asthisbattaillon was unawares gone palt their am- 
 £) bufhmentand lurkingholes) flart up and arofe from behind, and put them in exceeding trouble 
 and fright. Yet forallthefe inconveniencies and difadvant.iges (fo many on every hde^ the main 
 battel a good while flood unmovable and flirted not, but kept the array, and efpecialiy (beyond 
 the expectation of all men) againfl the Elephants. Forcettain footmen placed for the purpofe by 
 flinging of darts forced them to turn head: and when they were once turned fromvvards, they 
 followed hard upon them, pricking and galling them under the tails, in which place by reafon of 
 the tender skin they are foon wounded. Whom when Annibd faw thus feared and ready to turn 
 «pon their own part; from the main battelto the flanks and outhdes, hecommandedthem to be 
 driven unto the left wing upon the Gauls that came to aid and prefently enforced them to run a- 
 way. The Romans feeing their auxiliary Gauls put to flight, were driven into a n^w fear.VV hcr- 
 E upon fighting now as it were in a ring and round on both fides, there were among them to the 
 number alfo of loooo, who feeing no way elfetoefcape, brake through the middle b;ttaillon of 
 ■the Africans, which was flrengthned with the aid of the Gauis, and that with a great flanghtcr ot 
 their enemies : and feeing they neither could return into their camp ('the river being bct.vcen) 
 nor for the rain well difcern how to fuccour their fellows, they took the way Hraight to /'/•i•,.«- 
 f/^. Afterthis, thereftbrake forth in all parts. They that took the river either periflicd in the 
 fireamsand whirl-pools: or fuch as made flay to enter, were by the enemy overtaken and flam. 
 Butasmanyas here and there fled fcattering through the fields, following the footing and tracks 
 ofthebattaillon that retired back,cameto P/jrs^f/./.Someior fear of the enemy adventured bold- 
 ly to take the river, and being once over recovered the camp. The rain and fnow together, and 
 F the intolerable cold killed many, as well men as beafls:and in manner all the Elephants. The Car- 
 thaginians followed the enemies inchafe as far as Tr^^/^z, and there gave over : and returned into 
 the campfo clumfie and frozen as fcarcely they felt the joy of their victory. By reafon wherof the 
 nightfol!owing< when as the guard of theRomancamp, and the remnant of that great compa- 
 ny offouldiers pafTed Trcbi.. with float-bons and flat barges the Caithaginians either perceived 
 them not indeed forthenoife the tempeHuous rain made or for wearineisand fore wounds were 
 rotablecoflir and therefore made femblanre, as thonph they knew not of it. And fo whiles the 
 Carthaginians were at reft, the army was by i'c.-p/o theCon''ulbronght(inanillmarch)to Pla'-e-^" 
 tta: and from thence having crofled the/' (7, came to Cr.!'W9;;..j,becaufe one Colony alone flaould 
 not becharged with the vvintering of two armies at one time, 
 G Upon this defeat and overthrow, there arrived fuch tearful tidings at Rome^thaz theybeleevcd 
 verily and looked for no other but that the enemy would come with banner difplayedflr-ight to 
 the very City: andthat there was no hopenor help left behind to defend their gates and w.alls 
 from affault and violence.For feeing that the one Conlul was vanquifhed at Ticinm and the other 
 alfo, who was called unto him out of ^r'o/v ; f.nce both Confuls, and two confular armies were 
 thus defeated, what other Captains, what Legions remained now to be fent for, to aid } As they 
 were in this agony and fear,5fw;)>-u«/'«j the Conful came home: who with very great danger had 
 pafled through the enemies Cavalryjwhich was fpread here and there all about ,10 fetch in booties; 
 
 and
 
 24.4 The one and tipentietbBoo}\pf T.hWms, 
 
 andmorebyvemuroushardinefs then good advice and hope, either to mifs them unefpied, oi ^^ 
 to refift if he had hapned upon them, he got away. And after he h^d held the affembly for ele- 
 aion of the C&nfuls Cthe only thing above all other for that prefent moH defired) he returned 
 into his ftandingcampto winter in. Now there were created ConfulSjCX ^^»'Z'///«j>andC».f/^- 
 minius the fecond time. 
 
 Howbeit the Romans were not in quiet within their wintering camp:for theNumidianhorfe- 
 men ranged abour, and made excurfions into every quarter, and (thofe who troubled and em- 
 peached them, more then they) the Celtiberians and Portugals. Whereby all convoy of visuals 
 from every part was Hopped, but only that which came by the Po, in Keels and fuch like veffels. 
 Neer to P/^(rff«fM there was a merchants town, both fortified ftrongly, and alio well furnifhed I 
 with a good garrifon : upon hope to force that caftle or town, Anmbd went with his horfe and 
 foot,lightly armed ; and fuppohng that to carry the matter covertly, would avail much to the ef- 
 fecting of his purpofedenterprife, he came upon them in the night; howbeit he was not foclofe 
 and fecret- but he was defl ried by the watch : who fuddenly fet up fuch an alarm,that it was hear.d 
 as htzsPhcentia. Whereby, the Conful fomewhatbeforeday was there with his Cavalry, ha- 
 ving commanded the Infantry to march on after, ranged in a fquare battaillon. In the mean 
 whTlethehorfemenskirmiflied, wherein y/««;^^/was hurt, and departed outoftheskirmifh,by 
 which means the enemies were frighted, and the Calfle and hold manfully defended. After few 
 days that he had taken his eafe, before he was well cured of his wound, he went forward to af- 
 hvik VtcHTKvie. That was a town alfo of merchandize ("or mart town^ and had been fortified by K 
 the Romans in theGauis war. Whereupon the people bordering there about on every fide, nfed 
 thither to make repair, and much freqTiented the fame: andeventhen for fear of rodesandex- 
 curfions many ofihePeafants and ruralpeople retired themfelves thither for refuge. This mul- 
 titude (fuch as they were) upon the report ol the valiant holding and defence of the fort by TU- 
 cf^f/rf, were encouraged, and took arms, and wentfnrth toem ounter ^;;»;/vr/. And inthe mid- 
 way they chanced to affront him and skirmilli in no battel array, but as they marched diforder- 
 ly: whereas they wcrt on the onelide nonebut arude and confufed fort; and on the other lide, 
 both aCaptain that might truft his fouldiers and foiMdiers alio th.u might reckon upon theirCap- 
 tain, thereweretothenumberof ^5000, difcomfited and put to flight, even by afewoftheir 
 enemies. The morrow after tbey yeelded themfelves, and received a garrifon within the wallsjand L 
 fofoon as upon commandment to give up their armor, they had obeyed and fo done ; prefently a 
 fional was given unto the conquerors to fack and fpoil the town, as if it had been forced by af- 
 fault: where there was nottoroottenand omitted any calamity whatfoever, that might afford in 
 fuch a cafe memorable matter & fufficient argument for writers lorecord.So pitiful examples were 
 pra6tifed upon the poor (illy v\retches,of all loofnefs and luli cruelty ,and inhuman prideand oue- 
 rase.And theie were the expeditions and enterptifes of ^«;7;/Watchieved for this winter time. 
 
 After this the fouldiers took repole, butno longer then the incolletablecoldlalled : Forimme- 
 diatlynpon the very firll and doubtful tokens offpring ; he departed from his wimring hold, and 
 led his army into Tufcany purpofing to adjoin untobim(cither by force or love) that nation alio, 
 as wellas the GjulsandLiguri.ins. But as hepai'ed over ^/;f«;;wrt»7, there arofe fo terrible a M 
 ftormandtempelf, and furprifed him, that it furmountedwell-necr the foul trouble and encum- 
 brance endured in the A/pr. For rhe wind and rain together did beat and drive upon their very 
 faces. At the firft for that either they were to lay away their armor, or elfe in flriving and labou» 
 ringtomarch on againfi the weather, and by the whirl-puffs of wind turned round about, and 
 ready to beborndown- they Hood flilbbut whenas now the violence and fury ofthefiormiHop- 
 ped their breaths, fufferedthem nor totake their wind at will,they were fain to turn their backs, 
 and fit them down on the ground for a time. Thenfee, the skie thundered amain, and made an 
 horrible noife, and amid thofe terrible cracks redoubled, it lightned thick. Whereupon, they loft 
 their hearing and feeing; and for fear, all of them became aftonied.At length it poured down. and 
 thereby the wind and (form encreafed moreforceably upon them. Whereupon they were driven N 
 to this neceffity, even to pitch their camp, even in tb.it very place where they were fo fuddenly 
 caught and overtaken by tempeft. But that was to them the beginning ofa new toil and travel : 
 for neither could they fpread and difplay ought, nor pitch any thing furely : neither would that 
 which was pightdovvn^continue and abidethewind.which rent and tare.and broke every thing, 
 and hurried it clean away. And within a while the water that fell; and by reafon of the wind was 
 railed aloft, being congealed once upon the cold tops of the hills, turned into a kind of hail and 
 fnow together, andcame upon them with fuch a torce that leavingall things elfe, the men were 
 forced to lie along groveling upontheir faces, rather (lifled and fmothered then covered with 
 their hillings. Hereupon en'ued a froft, fo violent and ouiragious, that of that miferableand pi- 
 tiful heap ot men and beaHs, that lay there along, there vvas not one for a good while could raife q 
 andlift uphimfelfwhenhe wouldbyreafon, that for ftark cold their finews werebcnummed, 
 that they could hardly bend and bow their joints. Afterwards, at length, when with beilirring 
 and chafing their limbs, they gat fome heat, andcame again to themfelves, and that here and 
 there in fome places they began to make fires ; every one'that had no means fo to do, rai and fled 
 tothefuccor and help ofothers. Thus fortwo days they remained there pinned up as if they had 
 beenbefieged.Manyamanandbeaft, and feven Elephants alfo of them that remained after the 
 battel at Tre[>ia, were ftarved and periflied. 
 
 By
 
 The one andtmentietb Boo\ofT, Li vi us. qAc 
 
 A By occafion hereof, ^>;«/^4/departed from hpennhias-, back again toward Placemia : and when 
 he had marched ten miles on his way, he Tat him doWti and encamped. The morrow after he led 
 againft the enemy 12000 toot, and 5000, horfe. Semfroniiisx.]^^ Confulalfo, being now returned 
 from Rome-, refufed not battel : and ttie fame day, the enemies were dillant but three miles afun- 
 der. The morrow after they fought on each hde moti fiercely and coi]ragiouny,and vvith variable 
 event and fbrtune.At the firli-on fttthe Romans had the better handjfo far forth,as that not on- 
 ly in fightthey overcame their enemies, but alfo after they had difcomfited them, and put them 
 back,they chafed them into their camp,and anon aflailcd tne lame. A«;j.-^^/ having ordained fome 
 few to defend the rampart and the gatesjietired the reit thick and tlofe together into the midit of 
 B the camp, and commanded them to give ear and be incentive to the iignai, when be would have 
 ihemilUie forth. Now was it the * ninth hourofthe day, when theRoman Confiil havingtoiled » Three of 
 and wearied his fouldiers to no purpofe,and feeing no hope to winthecamp,founded the retreat, the .'clock, af. 
 Which fo foon as A^w^.i/ heard and faw the fight withal to flack and wax coid, and the enemy 'cmcon. 
 retired back from the camp,pre:entlyfallied forth himself with the whole (Irength of his Infantry, 
 for he had fent out his horfemen both on the right hand and the leit after the enemies. There had 
 not been lightly a more her.e and cruel battel Hrucken, and more memorable, for the final mif^hief 
 of both parts, if the day would have given them time to have fought longer. But the night parted 
 the fray, which was hotly begun vvith exceeding (iomack and courage. Whereupon, the confron- 
 ting and charging one of another, was more eager then the flaughter bloody between them; and 
 C as the fight in manner was equal, fo they parted withlofs alike. For of each iide there died above 
 fix hundred footmen, and halt as many horfemen. But the lofs on the Romans hde was greater 
 than in proportion of the number, becaufe certain of the degree and calling of Knights, and five 
 Colonels, and three Captains of the Allies, were flain. 
 
 After this journey, A>?««W went into the country of the Llgurians, and Semf^omus to Luca. 
 To welcome h.n!7iba!ii his fir(f coming into L/|7«r/^, there were delivered unto him two Roman 
 Quertors or Treafurers, Cy. Fuhiut, and L. Lurretms, who were intercepted by the Ligunans.Ji 
 taken in a train of ambufh, with two Colonels,%nd five others befides, whofe fathers by ca ling 
 were as good as Senators fellows : and this was done, becaufe he fhould aflure himlelfthe better, 
 that the peace and amity contracted with them, would be faithfully kopt and obferved. 
 Whiles thefe things thus pafled in Italy ^ Cn.Scipiowhowis lent into Spa: n witS a fleet and ar- 
 my for fea and land ; having fet fail from the mouth oi RhodatHs and compaHidthe mourtains 
 Pyrenei^ arrived at a place called Empor a ■ where he di'^barked and landed his for es and rtduved 
 unto the Roman Empire all the country, be^jinning at the La.etans,and fo trom thence ail thefej 
 coaflasfarastothe river /^fr«x, partly by renewing their ancient leaguesjand partly by deviling 
 mens t o contrail new. Whereupon, there arofe a great name of him for his clemen y ; where- 
 by he prevailed not only with the States by the fea fide but alfo amongll the inlanders and moun- 
 tainers, even to the nations that were more fiere& lavage: with whom he not only made peace, 
 but alfo wrought them fo, that they took arms in his quarrel ; and there were levied from among 
 them, certain itrong cohort* and bands !or to aid and luccour him, H^nno-, whom Knmbal had 
 E left for defence of that province, was not Ignorant hereof: and therefore, before all was gone, 
 and the country alienated he thought good to meet with this mifthier': and having pitched his 
 camp in fight of the enemies, fet his men mordinan.e of battel. The Roman C-ptainlikewife re- 
 folved not to defer the fight ; knowing that fo, he might beforced to encounter both with//^«- 
 710 and hfdntbaL and rather yet hedehred to deal with them one after the other fingle, than at 
 once with both. But this battel was not fo much dangerous. Six thoufand enemies were left behind 
 llain, and two thoufand taken prifoners, together with thofe that were left lor the guard of the 
 camp. For both the camp was forced and won, and alfo the General h'mfelf with certain guards 
 was taken prifoner. Mo^tovetStifi'im, a town neer unto the camp was won by aflaulr : howbe- 
 it, the fpoil and pillage ofthecown were matters offmali worth and value ;namely,thehoufliold 
 F (fnff, and fuch pelf and trumpery of barbarous pcope, and certain poor bale flaves. It was the 
 camp that enriched the fouldiers: by reafonthat not only the army which wasnow vanquifhed, 
 but that alfo which with y^/j;»i-7/ferved in Itah. and left behind them about Pyre-^eus, all good 
 things to fpeak of, thatthey fetfloreby, becaufe they would go lightly, andnotbe encumbred 
 with carriages. Beforeany certain report of this overthrow came to ^fdrHbal-, he hadpafled o- 
 ver Iberus with 8000. footmen, and 1 000 horfemen, as purpofing to make head againlf the Ro- 
 mans at their firlf coming: but when he heard how the fie d was lolt, and the camp withal, he 
 turned his journey to the fea .And not fir from * Tarraco>h he found thefouldiers of the Armado, » xarramd' 
 and the marriners befides, wandring and (fragling over the fields (forufualitis, that happy fuc- 
 cefs (liould breed carelefs neglipence^ whereupon he fent out his horfemen every way, and with 
 G greatflaughter and flight he chafed them to their fliips : and not adventuring tomakeanylon- 
 ger flay thereabout, forfeartoberurprifedofi'o));^, he retired backto the other f.de of /^fr«j-. 
 .Sc/p/o alfo upcn the firff report of theie new enemies, having rallied his forces together in great 
 hafte, after he had flightly chaflifed a few Captains, and left behind him a fmall garrifon at Tar- 
 racon-, returned with his fleet to Emporia, He had no fooner departed from thence but Jfdrr-ibal 
 was there in his place; and having induced and incited theStateof the llergetes (who had oi- 
 ven hoflages to Scipto) for to revolt and rebel, even with their own youth waif ed the territories 
 ofall thofe that continued faithful confederates to the Romans. Afterwards^ when 5c/;)/o was 
 
 loufed'
 
 2a6 The one and twentieth 3oo\pfT XSWwxt, 
 
 roufed once out of ihe place where he wintered, the eaemy retired again, and quit all the conn- ^ 
 try on that i^AzUerns. ThenJcz/jio having in hoftile manner invaded the countries, abandoned 
 and left by him that was the author and caufe of their rebellion, and by that means the nation 
 like wile of the Ilergetes, after he had driven them all within Athanagia-t which is their capital 
 town, he laid fiege unto it round about, and within few days brought the whole feignory of the 
 Ilergetes under under his obedience : andbefidesagreaternumber othoflages then before (which 
 they were conOrained to deliver) he condemned them in a good round lum of money. From 
 thence he went forward againff the Aufetanes,neer to Iberus-, being aflociats alio to the Cartha- 
 ginians : and having beleaguered their City, he fore-layed and intercepted the La:etans as they 
 camebynighttofuccourtheir neighbors, not far from the town, evenas they were at the point 1 
 toenterin. There wereflain of them 1 2000, and the reft being well-neer all dij'armed, fled e.ery 
 way fcattering here and there over the fields home to their houfes. All the help and defence that 
 they had who were within, was only the foul and cold winter weather, evermore naught and 
 hurtfultoaflailants that lie forth. The fiegelalled thirty days, during v\hich time, feldom fell 
 the fnow lets then four foot deep, and fo covered the pentifes and mantilets of the Romans, 
 that when theenemiesflungfirefundry times thereupon that alone faved the fame & nothing elfe. 
 In the end, upon the departure of their Prince v^/w«r/;f/«,\vho wasfled to ^/i^ra^»t/,they yeelded, 
 » 37J0 pound cpon condition to pay " twenty talents of hlver;& fo Sc:po returned to Tarracoft^t\\tit to winter, 
 fterling, ac- But that year, zi Rome znd about the City, Avere many ftrange and prodigious fignsfeen, or at 
 cording to the )eafl wife (a thing ufual when mens minds are once touched with religion, and given to make K 
 kfs Amck fcniplej many were reported, and foonbeleeved. Among which, this was one ; that a babe of con- 
 dition free born, andbuthalfyeer old, cried withaloud voicein theheibmarket /i)Tn'»»«f/;£". 
 Alfo in the beatls market, anOxof himfelfundriven, climbed up to the third loftorfiory of an 
 houfcjand from then.e beingfrighted with the ftir and noife of the dwellers by,caft himfelf down. 
 Moreover, there was feepinthe welkin or element, the refemblance of a navy of Clips; and 
 »Thegcddcr$ the Temple of Lady *Spei, ftanding in the herb market, was fmitten with lightning. Likewife 
 Hope. zx. L.rmviHm the fpearofJ«w (hook andbrandithed of itfelf : and a Raven fiew into 7««o's 
 
 Church, and lighted upon the very Shrine or Altar oijmo. In the territory of '^ Amiterrmm-, 
 
 * Fefctra. jn many places were feen men, as it were, in whitegarments, but only afar off ; for as folk went 
 
 neerer and neerer, they appeared not, and could not be met withal. In /';cf;««w it rained ftones: L 
 and at Cere the lots were found diminifhed ; and in Gaiil^ a Wolfe drew forth a watchman his 
 fword outofhisfcabbard, and carried it away. For other prodigious tokens, order was given to 
 the Decemvirs to perufe the books oi Sibylla. But for the raining of fl ones in Pice-zjuw^ihete was 
 ordain aNovendial feartforninedays: and for the expiation of the other prodigies, the whole 
 City in manner was occupied in their devotions. And now above all other things the City was • 
 folemnlypurged, and greater beafls killed in facrificeinthehonorof thofegods, for whom they 
 were ordained, and a prefentofgold weighing* 40. pound, was carried unto JitmitLanuvium. 
 And the dames and matrons oiKome erefted a molten image ofbrafs for Jit7io in Aventbium : and 
 at C<«r(? where the lots were diminifbed, was appointed a Leftiflern , and a proceffion or fup- 
 plicationto Fortune in Klgidum, At Rome alfo there was a Leftiflern folemnized to Juveuta [the M 
 goddefs ofyouthjand a folemn proceffion at the church of iyaa/Zf/.Moreover.exprefscommand- 
 ment was given to all the people, to make procelTion and fupplication at every Altar and Shrine 
 of theirgods. And to god Genius^ they facrificed five greater beafls. And C. httilins Scrra>ins the 
 Pretor, was commanded to pronounce afojemn vow, in ca!e the Common-weal continued in 
 the fame good eff ate, ten years, and decayed nor. Thefe portentous prodigies thus expiated, 
 and vows made according to S/^;7; books, eafed mens hearts mightily of their religious fear.Thert 
 one of the eleft Confuls, to "n'iz^ Flaminim, to whom were allotted thofe Legions which 
 wintered at /'/^c-tfwf/,*, fent an Edi(5t vvith Letters to the Conful, that the Army fhouldbein 
 
 • i^; day of campatAr; ?»/»«»;, upon the * Ides of yJ/»rrr^, Hispurpofe was, to enter into his Confulfliip 
 'March: in the Province, remembring the old contentions and debates which he had with the Nobles, N 
 
 firft when he was a Tribun of the Commons, and afterwards when he was Conful, as well about 
 
 the Confulfhip^of which, they would have deprived him)asalfo, about the triumph, which 
 
 they denied him. Hated he was befides of the Senat, for the new hSt or Law, which Q^Clmdiui 
 
 (a Tribun of the Commons)had made, fo prejudicial to the Senat; and only C. Fla-nimm) of all 
 
 the Nobles, fupported it and fet itforvvard:nameIy.That noSenator,orfatherofaSenator,fhould 
 
 •Of eight have a Ship at Sea, bearing above * 300. Amphores: forthat was thoughtfufficienttotranfport 
 
 Tun and bet- their commodities and fruits to ^owf, rifingoutof their Lands and Hvings, And as for all other 
 
 ^"' gainbytraffick, itwasnotbefeeming a Nobleman and Senator. Thisinatter having been debated 
 
 with great contention caufed thepropoferof thislaw(F//2w//;/?«)to incur much evil will and dif- 
 
 pleaUire with the Nobility, but it procured him the affeflion and love of the Commons, and in q 
 
 _^ procefsoftimeaiecond Confulfliip. Suppofing therefore, that with iterating the Aufpices, and 
 
 putting him to takerheprefages anew (y the flight of birds, and by finding other delays^upon oc- 
 
 cafion of the Latinc holy days, and one bufinefs or other belonging to the Confuls charge, they 
 
 would detain and keep him back (Hil in the City ; he fet a count'enance, as though he would 
 
 takeajourneylike a private perfon, and fo departed fecretly into the Province. Whichthing, 
 
 when it was oncebIa7ed abroad, made the Nobles who were afore malicioufly bent againft him, 
 
 to be angry anew ', and they gave out, that it was not the Setiac only, that C. Flaminms warred 
 
 * malfter. 
 
 againll
 
 The two and twentieth BooJ\^ of T. Livius. q 47 
 
 . againft, but the immortal Grd^alfo. For he, who before time had been madeCof. vvithoiu re- 
 gard of taking Aiilpices, a ^^ 4 havir^g the approbation of the birds, when he was reclaimed and 
 calkdboli by Godandrr i'.oiit of chefield, obeied not: and now, ha\ingaheavyconfcience, 
 funh-r^^:dwithotknLespait,h.nhried from the Capitol and the folemn nuncupation and making 
 ofvows, for that he would not upon theordin.uy day oientrirghisMagillracy, viht the Temple 
 ofj'tp. Opt. A^ax. nor ^,bec?iife he was odious to the Sen.'C , and tliey likewife liated of him alone) 
 fee ihcm and a?k their ad' iie and counfel ; nor proLlaim the Latin Holy-dayes, and celebrate to 
 Jiip. L.-it-a/n the folemn yerirly facririceuponthe ^-^/^-i^Hill: nor yet, after he had entred into 
 the Cjpicoi by the Im ky flight and token of birds, pronounce his vows there, and dep.ut from 
 
 D thence in his ri^h coat-armor toward the Provine. Iheylaid moreover, that he was flipc and 
 ftolntecretly away like a drudize that foiioweth t!ie camp, without theenhgns and ornaments of 
 authority, without Sergeants and Oflicers , asiihehad beenbanifned , and fo left his country, 
 minding be.ike to enter his govcrnmenr more for the honor and dignity of ^/r/w/;7«w than of 
 Rome and to piit upon him his purple robe of eftate, embroidred with fcarlct rather in an hoHei- 
 ry and common Inne,thjn in his owniicufe.They a.ievery one opined and judged that he iliou'd 
 be recalled and brought ba.k agiin peremptorily yea and be forced perfonaliy at home to perform 
 all duties belorgmiij to God and m.m be.ore that he went forth to the Province and to the army. 
 About this emb fl.ge ;for t^ey thought meet to icnd EmbAit'.dors) went Q^. Tcrcatitu, and /)/. 
 yint.-fiiu' : but they prevailed no innrc than in his form^-r Conml'hip the letters miOu e had done, 
 ^ which were fent from the Sen.n. Afewdayes After he ei tfed his 'office, and as he wasfa.rificing, 
 the Ca'f or voung Bullock Seing already flickt, got away rom the hands of the i'acrificers , and 
 fpotted m iny of the Zanders by with bloud. BiJt they that (iood far off, not knowing what the 
 matterwisot that Itir, fled away, and ran to and fro : whi.h ofmoft men was judged a foretoken 
 and prefage ot fome great affright and trouble. After this, when he had received the two legions 
 of5ifw;)r<3«.-«f theCon'ul o:the year before, and othertwo3otC.^«/7/«^thePretorjhe biganto 
 conduit his army into Tufcany by the way oiylpe^ininrim. 
 
 The two an d twentieth Book 
 
 Of the Hijlories of 'J, Livius o/Padua, jrom the foundation of the 
 
 - • City of Rome. 
 
 The Breviary of t. Fl'orus upon the two and twentieth Book. 
 
 ANnibal cime into Hetruna , after he hndlofi one of his eyes by occnjlon ofccminHal rvarchhif in 
 the mar- I'es. through which he marched four d.iyei a :d three nights .xv-thotit t.-ikjn^ !.isreiofi& 
 /leip. C. Flaminiui the Confid a rj(hmd 'uronfider^it ntAn-, went forth ^ contrary tothew.-.rn^.-.it a^id^p- 
 prol>.itioii of the A f pices ^ andc.vfedthefeld-ey7f(nstobed:fgcdoutofthegroti-^d-i ivhen otherwfe 
 they could not be plucked Mp : andbeingmountedon Horjl-' a-l^,f !1 ,vi[ h his hradf -^r.i afro ;■; hisho-.C^. 
 /Jis fortune was to befHrprifdtri^naml>.(hby&t\mbi\-, -^vhithhe had la:dfor hirnneerthe L.ke 
 c^//f^ Thrafynienus : where he a^d his arr^jy wsre defeated^ a>id fell upon the cd^re rf the fword. Six 
 ihoufa^d Romans, ivho brake through andm.it^e ay cfcape j nottvnhftayidirg the faithful pr-mf that: 
 Maharbal had made unto them, were by theftljhood 6f'Ar,Ti\b3\'p'utihpr/foK. (Vhenufon tl)e news cf this 
 overthrew^, there wds great mottrntnf;^ a/^dforron> at Rome, there fort-mtdi wo mot hers to die fr vrj 
 joy-, that beyondtheir hipe andexp ci 'tion^ they recovered their fans ■) and fa.v them aliv^ whom they 
 ffiifpofedto have bcenfl.iin in thatfctd,. In regard oftheforefuddtfeatjhcre was voivcd a f.icred fprr,!'!-^ 
 according to the ^eo^/ of Sibylla. :4frer this when Q^Fabius Maximus th? Dictator fe-n againji An- 
 nibal, would not corrtcto afet battel with him , for fear'he fhould haz^aydii figbr the fouldiers l.itely ttr' 
 rifled and daunted with al-oerfi overt hrows-^aijai;.fl a " enemy lufty nd proud offo manyviclonesf ,r>id by 
 making head, andofpopng himfelfonlr againfl Annib d empcachcdhis /Attempts ayfd oitcrprifes: M. 
 Minutius the Gc^ alof .' u Horfy a man of a proud fpiyit a-id Irain-fickjiurnoar--, with c^ara'^nir the 
 DiP.ator^ and uccufing him unto theproplc for a fearful and cowa-^d!v perfon prevail: d f> niuch^tha: by 
 vertue ofthur power and •.mhority t:e was \oynedin equal mmniiffirn and command.winh the Dictator. 
 Sy means whenof the army and the forces were part id indifferently between them,a'ici Minutius (rave 
 the enemy bfitttl in ap'.ar'' if great A'fadvantage {whereupon his Legions were diJlrefTd & tn qreat ha- 
 (2 z,a^A.: but F, TSlsiimus c'ame in time to his refcue with his par' of the army^ and f-v 'd him- out of the 
 pTffent dan'' er^ "By occafion of which gcodturn he was overco me.,and his flomark^came down rnfo>nstch, 
 as he was conitiit iojoyn in c.mpwitl him-, indfilutfdh'y>' bythei'.'w of Father : com ■'< audi >'^ all his 
 ownfou:diers-(o d> thefam^ tothcir fellcw fouldiers itnd r F.Maximus. Annibal^f'ri- he had w fted.ind 
 overru:i Camp'vin cl anced between the Tow-' Cafiiinum.'';.^ ihe mon-'ta!;: Calicula to be inrl^fedand, 
 comp.ijfed <j^y«f /■)' Fabius : but by a device of tym': I tl b-vrisof drieflck -unt^oxe thorns a-^d fitting 
 tht-m on frcput to flight and chafed away thf guards ofth'Rom ^ns .wh'ch k^pt thejlreights ipf Calicula, 
 a>td by that 'me*m gat through thepajfage of that forrefl, J he fame Annibal3.if what time as he made 
 
 h h hnvock.
 
 N 
 
 548 The ttfio and wemiethBoo}\pfT- Livius. 
 
 hdveckand burned all the territory dout^forbare to touch the Landof Q, Fabius Maximus the DiBa- H 
 for, to the end,that he might bring him tntofujpition oftre4<>» ^'> ' ^* -^'"f ''• -^Z'"" »*»^jW^f » i£tnylius K 
 Paulus, 4«<iTerentius larro were Confuls andGenerah of the Mmj-^ t here rvoi a battel fought rritb I 
 Annibal, to then exceeding lofe and (uter overt hrow^neer unto a village called Canni. At which field 
 there were Jlam of Romans, ^^OOO. together with VivAwthe Confttl , and fourfcore Senators^ befides 
 thirty other brave ferfomget that had been Confuls or Pretors-, or at leafiwife t/£diles of State, After 
 this d feat, when t he noble young Gentlemen of the Cttfifor very de(pair of the State) were in counfelta 
 abandon Italy, P.Comtiius ScipiaC<« ColoneU vha af> mards woi fttrnamed hStkzuas) he/d htj na- 
 ked fword over their ^^cads, as they fat in confiltation^andfaare a gre^t oath, that he wouldrepute htm 
 for a mortal enemy, that would not fwear after him : and lic-eby effeBed thttt much at their hands, that \ 
 by vertue of an oath, they obliged themfelves not to d p^rt out 0/ Italy andforft^ their native eonntry. 
 This bookjoniaineth befides, ihefrgh and lament at'oii made within theCity, and the affairs and ex~ 
 plaits atchievediy?Sfzm,with morehppr fucctf.Opinh and?ftoT\ia,twoprofelfedveJlairirgi»s,were 
 conviiled ofJncrJh and condemned, by reafon offmd numher of foMters andferviceahle men for the 
 wars, there were Sooojlaves put in arms. The Captives t ken prifoners it* the wars^ when they might 
 have beenredeemedywere not ra>:fomed for all that. Af l.mn meting there wofforWuiohisVtlcomt 
 home, with gre.n thanksgiving, becaufe he had n»i dtjpairedof the Common-wed. 
 
 The wo and twentieth Boo\^ of T. Livius. i 
 
 O W approached the fpring when Anntbal removed out of his wintering holds, after 
 hehada(layedbetoieiot<as oci the A enm.r: bu: in vain, by reafon of the intoler- 
 able cold ; where aifone Hoyed inoreatieara. d danger ot his own perfon. By which 
 time the Gauls, whohavingrlenrpinarmsonhisi.de for hopeoffpoiland piUage> 
 feein'' now in ftead of harrying and carrying aw^y of booties out ot other mens Lauds, that iheis 
 own country was beome the place of the war troubled and moldkd as we 1 with the one army 
 asthe other which abode there all winter turned their hatted and malice from the Romans back ' 
 a^zmmon Anmbd : Inluch lorcasafter hehad beenfurdrs times forelaid by the fee ret trains of 
 their Princes, and in danger to be murdred , he ef> aped only by the dec eiptfuinefs and falfhood j^ 
 prailifeci among their own felves. For with what in onUam-y and le^ iiy they had conlpired to- 
 2ether,wi!hthe'fdme they bewrayed one another and dcttAed the confpiracy unto him, By means 
 whereof, as alio by changing one while his apparrel , another whi;e ihe bonet anrfattire of bis 
 head;by'errour alio and miHaking, he avoided the peril, and laved himlilt But <o itwas, that 
 even this fear in which he Hood, caufea him to remov e the looner out of his wintering har^'our. 
 About the lame time C". Servilms entred into his Conl'uifhip at /Jowf.onthe Idesot M^rch' 
 •ifd«y'o« v»here, after hehad propounded tothe Sinat ccmemingtheafifairsoftheCommon-weal, the 
 ^^^^' hatred and malice which the LL. had con cuedagainrt C,F/^iw/«/»«, was renewed afrefh. For 
 
 they laid, that they created twoConruli,ai:c' hadiutone. For that lawful government and au- 
 thority which f/;w/«<»fe( fhouid have iiad, that 3i:fpii.e of M^giBratywhLh was meet and due, he j^ 
 ought to have carried with him irom tie City, from the publick and private habiidtions, after he 
 had celebrated the latin holy dayes, and offred facrifice upon the mountain Alba'i,iQ^ made his 
 foiemn vows accordingly, w ithin the Capitol. But fince for default herein, he departed from the 
 City a private pe. Ton, the Aufpires of government cou;d not follow and accompany him : and 
 beinc ^ one without them, he might not lawfully take the fame anew in forrein foil. Now there 
 werc^lundryftrance prodigious tokens befides, reportedfrommany places at once, which much 
 encreafed their fear : namely , that in 5;a7y certain fouldiers javelins were on fire : and in Sar- 
 Snia-, aHorfeman^ walkingftafF, as he went the round , and vifited the watch upon the wall, 
 burned in his hand : That upon the Prnd and Sea (hore, there were feen many lioht fires, fo as 
 all thecoalb (hone again withal: That two fhields fweat blood : That there were (ome fouldiers jj 
 fmitten de.'d with lightning : That the circle and body of the fun appeared in fight lefs in com- 
 pals and ecliplcd: Alfo that there fell from the skye burning ftones, at /'re«fy?e.- Andat>4r;* 
 there were feen in the Element , Pa!m or Date Trees: and the fun fighting with the moon: 
 Moreover, ar Capcna two moons arofe and fliewed in the day time : that at Cere, the waters ran 
 mingled with blood: That the very fountainof Hfrrx/wyeelded and cafl up water befpotted 
 with blood: That as folk reaped in ^of/«w fields , certainbloodyears of com light into tbeir 
 baskets : At F^/^)-,, the heaven feemed to cleave in fnnder and open,and to fliew as it were a great 
 chink •, and out ofthe place where it gaped . there fhone a great light : That the lots of their own 
 felves diminiflied, and one fell out of tbepitcher withthis infcription. Mars brandifheth andfha- 
 kethhisfpear. And about the fame time ot Rome the Statue of Mars (wet in the high way Appia, ^ 
 rcer to the images ofthe wolves : and 3t Capua the welkin feemed tobe on fire- and the form of 
 a moon to fall down in a rain or fhower. After this, men oave belief alfo to prodigies offar lefs 
 importance : namely, that fome mens goats, in ftead of hair bare w^oll : that a hen turaed into a 
 cock, and a cock proved to be a hen. Thefe things as folk reported, were declared abroad, and 
 the authors brought into theSenat: w^iere the Conful propounded before the LL. and required 
 tbeir advice,as touching matters of Religion. Whcreupoo,theie paffed a decree that thefe ftrangc 
 tokens, fome fliould be purged and expiated with greater facrificcs> othet with young fucklings : 
 
 and
 
 The trpo and tiventieth Boo{ofT, Livius. 549 
 
 & and that for three dayes, there fliould be fiipplications at all the Shrines and Altars of the God?. 
 As tor other matter?, afterchat the Decemvirs had looked into their books, mch provihon was 
 to be made, as the Gods in their v cries lliould torctel to liand with their plealure and coiuent- 
 menr. So, by the advettifements and dirc6>ions of the Decemvirs it was decreed as ioi.oweth: 
 Pint, andforemoH , that to y/</).7^r there llionld be made of gold a thunderbolt orform ot light- 
 ning weighmg * 5oponnds,and another of hlver,prefenied I'lito ///^/oard A'/mert ^j, J:cmio Jf(>io »Tgoo ■);,•,■. 
 Regma there ihoiild be facrifice ofired in the mount Avenm^ei and to I.'.>ioHejftt.i in Lcxuv^i/m^ 
 ofgreaterbeaHs : /fi^w, that the dames of /;o»;f,mdking a tontribivjon (e^ery one to theiraizili- 
 ty) of alum of money, flioiild otter anObiationonto /««9 AVf./?^and bring it uuo .^tr.'jf .•;.';, and 
 B there folemnife a I.eAiHern : Item, that the \ ery Liberiin orenJranthiled.Avcmenjlro,l>,oiild ac- 
 cording to their power, lay rheir money together and n'ake a p. e'.ent for cr.egoddc.s Ffcsw/a. 
 Thefe things accompliOied, the Decemvirs la.rihced inthemirkct ^>;aceC'l ylrUa;, ard tor that 
 purpofe killed greater bealls. Lait of all , by direction oik ot the books oiSybiU-i , 'tioin^ Ifl the 
 month 'Deceml>er , they celebrated a fa^ rifite ;t Rom in the Tcmpic ot Satarn : .and ccfmmafxh 
 ment wasgiventhat A LeLiiiiern rr.oiiidbe.folemnized (whi-h bed .-.rd cable tt;eSenatoriihe-(n- 
 felves fpred and fet out with all the fqrniturc^ and a p^ibii^k fealt heLdes, in any hand^- and 
 throngtioiit theCity both by day and night were proclaimed the if)!emnS.imrnilia: and Oide^di- 
 redled, that the people fhouid ho.dand obferve that day, as holy p.nd feitival, forever. ■ rf-^'W 
 While.uheCon ill was Milled -c /^;w;.MnpaLitying ttieGods, and levying fonlaiers , ^A^fiiiiitil 
 C (who was departed from his wintering tort^ becaul'e the rumor ran that Flaminnh the Conltil W'as 
 come as fat as Aretmm) albeit he law another way more ready and commodious Cthougn it 
 were fomewhattarthcr about) yet chofe that which was the ncerer through them.irifnes.wl.et'e- 
 as the River Arr.as at the fame time had overilowed his banks more than uliially. As for -the 
 Spaniards, Affricans, and all his old beaten louldiers (the very flower and lirengcb of hisai'iiiy) 
 he commanded to march fotmoft together with all their bagg.ige and cariages among them : to 
 this end, that if they were tor. ed any where to (bay, ttiey fhond not tail and want neccffiriesa- 
 boiit them : the Gauls he appointed to fo. low next : andbecaiife he was dehrons that thofe kind 
 of people, flionld be in the middle ward, and the Horfemenlikewirc to go after them hindmolUn 
 thereregard, he charged M.^aj with the light Horfemen or'the Nnmidian;, tognard the army 
 D and keep them clofe together in their march, but efpeciaiiy to have an eye to the G'uls, and keep 
 them in,forfear lelHhey for tediojinsU of travail, and wearinefsof longway (as they are a Na- 
 tion tender enough and not able to abide any hirdnefs^ iliould either iTink away, orel^'efiarKl 
 rtiil. They of the vanrguard what way loever the guides led them and went atore-pifled through 
 thick and thin,wjded through great Rivers and deepquickfands ; and albeit clicv were tnircd and 
 in a manner overwhelmed and fwallowed up of bogs and muddy quagmires , yet they fotlowtd 
 rtill their colours. BuctheGauis, if their feet changed, to flip, could not hold themlelves and 
 when they were down , they were not able to arife out of the durty floughs and holes : neither 
 could any of them comfort his corps vvithcourage, nor help his heart with hope of better. Some 
 of them hardly haled their heavy hams , and drew with much adoe thciihzie legs and lagging 
 E lims after them: others, whofe hearts were done for tedious toil 2nd travail, when they were 
 once down, lay dying amongit the jades and other beaus, which alfo were couched along every 
 where. But that which hurt and undid them moft, was their want of lleep,for they had watched 
 four dayes and three nights contirually without r wink. Now when as the water had 10 covered 
 and overfpred everyplace, that tf.ey could find no driegronnd. to ;ay their weuied iiodies on, 
 they were fain to pile their packs one upon another iu the watei>- , and cocjII themfelvesalofc 
 upon them. All the way as they went, they might fee the beaiis and Horfes lie every whereon 
 heaps overthrown and dead: which tcrved them a while, initead of Couthes for want of other 
 means, who fought but only for (omc thing or other ihai appeared above water to rtpofe them- 
 felvesupon,for totakeanap. Aster y/./wj/j^j/himfelfjCwhohad already an infirmity in his eyes, 
 p whic h came firlt by the dillemperature of the fpring feafon,now hot and i hen cold)he was moun- 
 ted upon an Elephanttheonly Elephant that was kfc alive : thisbeaH bare him a good way above 
 the water : but by reafon that he had overwatched himlelf, and themoift nights belides together 
 with the damp and miH ofthe foggy fens Ihifled his head and filled him full of rhewms, andbe- 
 cauie neither time nor place ferved for any cure and to take Phyfick, heloR one of his eyes 
 quite. 
 
 Thus after many a man loft, many a Hoifepiteouflyperifbed , vvhcnhe was got out at length 
 of thefe fonl fens and miry marifbes , in the firll dry ground that he cime unto , he pitchedliis 
 camp: and was certified by his efpials , 'id vantconrriers whom hehad lent out before, that the 
 Roman army lay about the walls o'i Are mm. Then with great diligence and careful enquiry he 
 Q endeavoured, to (bund theintent andthedefigns ofiheConful ; toknow thecoiHs and fiteof 
 the country ; to hearken what wayes he travailed ; to learn what forces he had ; to be adver- 
 tifed how he was (lored and provided of vi£luals ; and to underffand all other things expedient 
 for his purpofe in fuch a cafe, and neceffary tobcknown. The countrey was mo(i fertile and 
 fruittul, as any one in all hdy^ to wit, the goodly chimpian fields o\Tu[ca>iy , lying between Fe- 
 fftltc, and ArettHTK, plentiful in corn , abundajit in cattel, and richly flored with all good things. 
 TheConiul was ffout and proud, by reafon of the former Confulfhip that he had born: little 
 account hemade of the Ma jefly of Laws , and authority of Senators , and as fmall regard and re- 
 
 H h 3 verence
 
 J ^o 'The mo and wentietb BooJ^ofT. Livius. 
 
 verencehe had ol the Gods tfeemfehes; whichnrhnei's, asitcoli himnought^but wasirgrafted j^ 
 in him by nature , lb fortune hadnonrifhed ard mainteined the fame withprofperoiisfuccefs in 
 his arfairs at home, and wars abroad ; (o as it appeared evidently, that i^nce he refpcf^ed neither 
 Godnorman, and deigned not to take their counlel and advice> hewovild go rafnly to work, 
 and do all in haft , handover hand, without dilcretion. And to the end he might be more for- 
 ward to plunge himfelf headlong into thel'e his intirmities and imperfedlions, jIkk^Im devifed to 
 anger him, and to move his patience. Leaving the enemy therefore on his left handjheput him- 
 fehinto the way to FejuU for to waft and fpoil the country oiTufcA-n ; and fliewed to theCon- 
 fulafaroff, what foul work and havock he poflibly could make , with fire and fword . Then 
 lUmimm-, who of himfelf would not have relied and fate Rill, in cafe A>r,nhd had been quiet ; I 
 feeing once the goods of his allies and friends, harried and driven away e\en before his eyeSjsnd 
 thinking it tended greatly to his niameanddifhonor, that a Carthaginian fliould march thus at 
 his pleafure, through the mids oi Italy, and without any empeaching and controukment^to pafs 
 on forward , even to befiege and affault the walls oiRo>»e ; when all others about him luting in 
 counfail, gave advice for profit and fafety, rather than for fliew and bravery ; namely, to pauie a- 
 while, and expeft the coming of his Colleague , that they might with joynt armies , withoce 
 heart, and with common accord ot counfel,conduft and manage the war : and in the mean time, 
 with the Cavalry; with Auxiliary oraid-fouldiers lightly armed , reprefs the enemy, and flay him 
 from fpoiling ibliceniionny at his pleafure; in agreat chafeard choler he rofeup,anddepatteci 
 oucot the Councel,and prefently founded the march, and gave the fgnal otbattail : and withal, k 
 " Nay we were beft (quoth he)to remain and l^.t here f-ii.l before the walls ot Arctium .-for this, 
 5'belike, isournativecountrey , and here is our place of habitation : as for ^;.».^.';/ , let him 
 ^' efcape forth ofour hands, and waft all /n?/;' ; let him fpoil afore him, and over- run all with fire 
 ^ and fvYord, until hebe as far as Rome walls : and let not us, in any cafe once ftir frf/m hence, be- 
 .'"' fore that the Senators fend for C. Fl.iniimvs from Aretmm^ as I'ometimes they called C^.m^Uns 
 ''. from Veil. With thefe and fuch like reproachful and taunting words, he ccmmardcd in all haft; 
 theftandards and enflgns to be plucked up. and called for his Horfe, He wa: hot fo focn mounted 
 on his back, bot the Horl'e fell prefently, caft the Rider over and over with hir !iis head forward i 
 and there lay f/<iw/«/w the Conful under foot. As they all, that attended about him, were af- 
 frighted and troubled in mind, at this unlucky prefage and fore-token, in the very beginning of L 
 hisenterprife ; wordmoreover was brought unto him, that one oftneportcnr.j;D; wasnor rble 
 to pulluphis enfign5do what he could, and^utting fiis whole f-irengrh unto jr. The Conful turn- 
 ing to themeffenger, What ? haft thou any letters befides ('quoth he) from the Sernt, to prohibit 
 me for givingbattail?go thy wayes^and bid them dig up the enfign, withhelp bt i'pade'and mat- 
 tock, if their hands be fobenummed for fear, that they cin not pluck ic up: ancf with that began 
 the army to march. The principal Leaders and Captains, behdes that th."y agreed rot, but gain- 
 faid this courfe, were much difmayed and terrified with this twoiold prodigious Hgn: but the 
 common fouldiers rejoyccd and took great pleafurc^to fee this forwnrdr.efs and animofity of their 
 General: having aneyeratherto theend of their hope, than to the caufe which they had tohope 
 lb. Now Anmbal wafled in all manner of hoftility that he could devife, the territories between y^ 
 the Town Cotond^ and the lake Thrr.lymenus_ and all to whet the edge ot the Confuls ftomack,to 
 chafe his hot bloud , and to provoke him for to be revenged, for the harms . nd wrongs done to 
 his good friends and allies. And come already they were to certain places, naturally made as it 
 wcrefor anambuth, whereas the lake 7'/;r-p?/^w<?;7;« lleth hard at the foot of the Hills of Cirfo- 
 ■tia •■ for there is between, biu a very ftraight and narrow palT.i£e, as if there had been left lb much 
 fpace ofground, only for that purpofe, and nothing elfc. For if a man go but a little further, the 
 plain liethmore open, and growethlarger^and from thencethc hills begin to ari'e aloft. An^ihal 
 in the open ground pitched his camp , for himfelf with his Africans only and the Spaniards to 
 lodgein, an^madeabode. The Bajearians, and the other light armed fouldiers, heledabouc 
 behind the Mount/ms : the Horfemen he placed at the very gullet of the freight p.-.{rngc, where N 
 the little hills handfomely covered and hid them clofe; to the end that fo foon as the Romans 
 were entredin, whenhe hadputforth his horfemenagainft thegullctof theflreigin, all might 
 beenclofed v\ithin the lake and the Mountains, t/.trntnim being cometo thelake theday be- 
 fore at the Sun fetting; the morrow after, before it was full day light, without d; Covering and 
 cleetingthe coaftsby any fcouts and efpials lent out before, pafled through the f^.rcights. After 
 that his army began to be fpread and difplayed more at large, as the plain opened wider.he efpied 
 and perceived tbofe enemies only which he had before bis face: for the atYibufhes lay clofe hid- 
 Tli« bittjilat ^^" ^ ''O'^h behind his back , and over his head, ^.v^/^j/ having once got the enemy ('as he 
 rinafymtnm. would) enclofed thus within the lake and the Mountains , and environed with his forces , gave 
 
 the fignal ro them all for totharge : whocame down every man theneereft way hecould: and q 
 fo mui-h the more were the Romans affrighted and troubled with this fudden occurrent, by rea- 
 fon that the mift whicharofeout of thelake, was fet led thicker in the plain, than upon the hills: , 
 whereby the Companies and Squadrons of their enemies coming out of many Vallies, were feen 
 well enough one of another, and therefore tv.orejoyntly gave the charge all at once together. 
 The Romans heartng the cry and fhout which arofe from all parts ■ before they could well dif- 
 cern and fee , perceived themfelves compafled all about and furprifed , and were affailed both 
 affront, and on their flanks, ere they could put themfelves in battail-ray, as they ought, make 
 
 • their
 
 The tiv ) and twentieth Boo^of T. Li vius. 351 
 
 A their armour and weapons ready, and draw their fwords. When all the reft were thus amazed, 
 and ac their wits end, the Conl'ul alone, for all this imminent danger, fiiewed himfelf nothing 
 daunted or afraid, but fet in order the ranks and files which were fhuffled and blended together, 
 according as time and place would give him leave ; and marfhalieth his fouldiers, (who turned 
 every way as cbey heard the lundry and divers noiles^ and in the beft manner he could devife, he 
 comtortcd and encouraged them, wiliingthem to Hand to it, and fight like men, forthat there 
 was now no means elle to eLape. " All the vows and invocations upon the Gods for their help? 
 *• would not rerve,but only it was mereforceand mere manhood mult do the deed:and they were 
 "to make way by dint of 1 word, through the midlt of their enemies battaillons: and the lefs men 
 <■* feared.thelefs dangercommonjy betided them. Howbeit, by reafonofthenoifeandhurlibur- 
 Blyjneiiher couni'el nor command could be heard: and fo far otfvvere the fouldiers from knowin'^ 
 their own Enfigns.their ranks and plJce;,that fcarceiy their heart would ferve them to take arms, 
 and to buckle tiiem, as they fliould-fitly tor fight: in fuchfort as fome of them were fnrprifed and 
 born do wn laden rather with their harnefs,then co\ ered and defended there wi:b. And in fo great 
 a milt and darkiiefs, more ufetl'.ey had of ears than eyes ; foratthegror.es oftheir wounded fel- 
 low-S at the blows and (Irokes upon the bodies and armour refounding again, at the confufed 
 flioiits and fluikes of hardy and fearful men one with another, they turned their uccs-, and calt 
 their eyes every way. Some as they would have fled. light into theprefsof thofethat were fight- 
 ing, and there were fet fa(t: fome again as they returned for to fight, were born backward by 
 companies that ran away. Afceivvards, when they had affayed in viiin every way to gtt forth, 
 C and law well, that on both fides and flanks the mountains and the lake ; that afront and behind, 
 the enemies battailons hemmed them in;iihen they knew evidently there was no hope of life but 
 in their right hand and force ofarms. Then every man became a Captain^and encouraged himfelf 
 to fight manfully; fo as the battail began afrelliinotinorder by the Princlpes^HaflatiiZtsd Triarii^ 
 nor according to the accutiomed manner, whereby the vanguard fliould fight before the main 
 battail an J the (iandards, and behind them the rercgard, and that the fouldier lliould keep his 
 ownlcgion, his own cohort, band, and company ; but at a venture, even as it hapncd, fo they 
 went to it and buckled, pell mell : and as every mans heart fervedbim, fo he marfhallcd himfelf 
 to fight, either before or behind. Their courage and aoimofity was fo ardent, their fpirits and 
 minds fo incentive to the battel, that being as there was, a terrible earthquake at the very inftant, 
 D which overthrew and turned upfide down, a great part of many Cities in Itafy^ turned afide 
 the courfes of great Rivers out of their channels, and dravetheir ftrcams againft the current, for- 
 ced the Sea into frefh Rivers, yea, and overturned Mountains with mighty fals, and laid them 
 flat; yet there was not aman who fought in that battail, that once heard or perceived it. The 
 conflidT; laLkd almoft three hours. Sharpie was in every place, but about the Confulmoft cruel: 
 and look in what part foever he fawhis men diflrefled and in hazard, there courageoufly he 
 aided them. By reafon that theflower and braveft gallants followed him, and was himfelf for 
 bis own perfon goodly befeen in his rich armour, he both affailed the enemy moft furioully, and 
 alfodetended his own citizens as valiantly; fo long, until a certain Infubrian, aman of arms 
 (Dncar:u^ was his name) one that knew his vifage well enough, This is (quoth he)iohiscoun- 
 E try-men, the Corful that defeated our army, put to the fword our Legions, wafled our territo- 
 ries, and he that deltroyed and facked our City. Now will I offer him as a facrificc out of hand 
 tothegholis and fpirits ofthote our fellow citizens,who by his means havebeenpiteOiUfly flain: 
 and therewith fecting fpurs to his Horfe, he rode through the thicked troop and preffe of his 
 enemies : and when he had firft flain his Efquier outright (who oppofed his body between, and 
 fet himfelf againlt him, feeing him coming fo furioufly)heran thcConful quite through the body 
 with bis lance. And when he would rather than his life have difarmed and rifled him, the 
 Trlarii flept with their targuets over his corps, and fo kept him off. Hereupon from hence firft 
 many began to file ; but anon, neither deep lake nor high mountain, could impeach and flop their 
 fe^r ul flight: like blind men they ran and fought means to make efcapes, were the lane never fo 
 'F narrow, were the Hills never folleep and craggy, horfe and man, man and armour, fell headlong, 
 one upon another. A number of them feeing no way elfe to efcape, cntred into the Lake by the' 
 firft edges and fli allow brims thereof, waded fo far, and went up fo high, that they left their' 
 heads and fhoulders onely above the water. Some there were, who unadvifcdly (fuchwas" 
 their fear ) fought to fave themfelves by fwimming. Which being an endlefs piece of work, 
 and beyond all hope, their wind and breath failing them, they were either ftifled and fwallowed 
 up of the gulfs, or after that with too much haft, they had*over-laboured and toiled out them- 
 felves, they did what they could to fwim back again, and with much ado to recover the 
 Land: and there, by the enemies Horfemen who had taken the water, were they killed every 
 where, and cut in pieces. Six thoufand or thereabout, of the vanguard,who luftily brake through 
 G the mids, maugrethe heads of their enemies, unwitting of all that was done behind, efcaped fafe 
 outofthegullec:and having feized the top ofalittlehill, there they ftood, andmighthear only 
 the outcries of men, the ratling and ruft ling found oftheir armor, but how the battel went or 
 fped, neither could they know, nor yet difcern for the thicknefs of the dark mift. Buinow,wheD 
 they were come to fome ods,and onefide went down and had the worfe,by which time the heat 
 ofthc fun h?d broken and difpatched the mift, and the bright day appeared; then through the 
 clear light,the hills and dales (hewed evidently the havock & overthrow that was naade,ana hovf
 
 o ^ 2 "^b^ f^o ^^^ twentieth Bool\ofT. Livius. 
 
 ihe Roman army was fouly difcomfiied anddefeated. For fear therefore, that the enemy (havii^ H 
 defcried and feen them a tar off) (heuld fend out againif them the Cavalry, up they went with 
 their Enfigns in all haft, and got them away with all fpeedpoffibly they could. The morrow 
 after, when over and befides all other calamities, they were in danger of extrcam famine, and 
 thitMaharhal ^who with all hispowerofHorfe purlued them by night, and overtook them) 
 had "iven his faithful word and promife, that if they delivered up their armour,he would lutfer 
 thern to depart in iheirlingle garments, they yeelded themfelves. Which promife Amihfiliiyft 
 performed as truly, as all Carthaginians ufe to do, and faHe Carthaginian as he was, heclapt 
 them all into prifon, and hung irons upon them. This is that noble and famous battel fought 
 at the Lake Thr4yme>}Ks,9.n6. of thofe few overthrows that the Romans had, the moll memora- 
 ble of all others. 1 5000 Romans were there flain in fight: 1 0000 were fcattered : and flying I 
 through fundry parts of Tufcanyjgat to Rome. 1 500 of tht enemies loft their lives in the held. 
 But many more of both fides afterwards died of their wounds. Others there be that report 
 much murder and {laughter on both fides. For mine own part (befides that, 1 love not to write 
 vain untruths, nor any thing withoutgood warrant, and yet the humour of writers for ihemoll 
 part is too much given that way) I have followed for mine Author Fabius efpcLially, w ho lived 
 about the time of this war. Aumbal having enlarged without ranfome as many of his priioners 
 as were Latins, and put the Romans in ftreighc ward culled out from among the heaps of his 
 enemies that lay one upon another, the dead bodies of his own men, and commanded they 
 ftiould be buried: and having with great care and diligence madefearch alfo, for the dead corps 
 of Flamiyiius to inter it, he could never find it. K 
 
 At the firft news in Rome of this overthrow, the people ran together in exceeding fear and 
 trouble ,inco the common place of Affemblies. The V\ ivcs and Dames of the City, went up and 
 down to and fro in the ftreets-,and enquired of whomfoever thq' met, what fuddain calamity this 
 was, whereof the bruit went; and what was become of the army? Knd when as the multitude af- 
 fcmbled thick(asit wete}to apublickaudience, turning to the Comitium and theSenat-Houfe, 
 and called upon the Magiftrats : at length fomewhit before tbc lan-fet, Marcus Pompor.iHs the 
 Pretor came forth and faid,A great bnttel hath been fought,and we ha . e loft the field. And albeit 
 they heard of him no more than this of certainty ,yet they filled one anothers ears withiumors, 
 andcaried homewith them thefe news rowir,that itieConuilwa> killed and a great part of his 
 army with him flain : that there were '^ui. i few left alive, and thofe either fled and fcattered up l 
 and down in Tufcany or elfe taken prfoiicrsn^- the enemy. And look how many cafualties & mis- 
 fortunes follow the Overthrow of an array, v'^o lo many cares and perplexities were the fpirits 
 and minds of all thofe plucgcd, who tiaodiiy > ^stolkthatferved xxnA&z FLimtniustht Cof. allthc 
 whi'es they wereignoiant,vvhai wasihei'uriuneoftheirfriends.Andno man knew for certain> 
 what he was to hopelotjor to '."ear. The Tiorrow and certain dayes following ,there Rood at the 
 oatesa fort of people,and th'-^fe wer". women nnore than men, waiting to fee their friends them- 
 lelves, or thofe that could tell tiding", of incm; and ever as they met with any they would flock a- 
 bout them, andbe very inquifitive: neithtr couy they bep;ucked away from them of their ac- 
 quaintance and knowledge before they had queftioned evcryjparticular circumftancefrom point . 
 to point in order. There mights man have e^nar alphabet of faces,in thofe that departed from j,^ 
 the meflengers, according as the tidings vva^ joyful or woful: there might a man have feen a 
 Dumber coming about them to accompany them as they retrrned to their houfes-,either rejoycing 
 for their good hap,or tomfojtingthem for their misrortune and calamity. The women efpecially, 
 as well in joy, as alfoinforrow, were in their extremitiej. Odc above the reff (as it is reported) 
 flandino at the gate, uponihe fuddain fight of her fonaii.c&iafe feii down dead athis vcryfeet. 
 Another,vvho had received an untrue report ofhcTfonsdcath^aslhefat mourning at home with- 
 in her hosfe in great forrow ofheart/ofoon as ever (he f.iw him coming into the houfe, for ex- 
 ceeding joy yeelded her laft breath.anddicd. And for certsic daye? the Pretor? kept the Senators 
 together in Coumel.fiom the fun-rihug to iw? fei ting-tonl'ulting ijnder v\ho<e .ondu6l,and with 
 what forces they might be able to withftand the piiiii.in e ot thefe viclorous Carthaginians.But N 
 before they were throughly reiolved of any d. tcvminat purpofe and courfeto be taken, fiiddainly 
 there arrived other news of a fecondlofs.namely, that 4000 horfmen underlie leading of C.Cm- 
 troniHs the Pfoprctor,fent from c' .Servilius the CoLunto his Colicgue .were ini lofed by Annibal 
 in Mmhrta^o'. thither they had taken cheir way upon the news they heard ol the battail at Thra- 
 fymemsJTiie brute and rumor hereof hammered diverfly in mens heads Some vvhofe minds were 
 pofTeffed already with grief of a greater calamity, thought the lofs of that Cavalry but fmall, in 
 comparilon of the former defeat ; Others efteemed that which hapned, not according to the im- 
 portance of the thing it felf : but like as it falleth out in the natura body ot man.th? r itit he crafie 
 and weak, every occafion, be it never fo fmall and light, is more ofFenfiVe unro ir and loonerfelt, 
 than a greater caufe and objeft in a found and ftrong rnnftitutinn:even fo.wtien any crois or ad- q 
 verfity hapneth unto the politick body ofaCity orC.W. difeafed (as it wc^e^^nd lickly wtrare 
 not to mcafureSc weigh the fame by thegreatnefs of the accidents but according to the feeble and 
 decaied eftate thereof, able to endure and abide no new matter itiar may irr. harge and grieve it, 
 whatfoever.And therefore, the City oi Rome took her felf to the foveraign falve and approved re- 
 medy which (he h:.d long defired,and yet not applied and nfed of late n?mely to the nomination 
 of a Di<^tor. And bccaufe the Con'ful himfdf was abfent, by whom aione it was thought he 
 
 might
 
 The UP J and tiventietb Boo^of T, Li vius. 355 
 
 A might be named; and by reafon that 7;^// wasfo overlpreadandforlaied with ihePunick forces, 
 there might no sourier be well difpatched , nor letters lately fent unto him:and for that the people 
 hadnotauthorityot'themrehestocreateaDiil.itor,they therefore eleded a Pro-di5l^tor(a thing 
 that was never feen and pradtifed before \.\\^'idi.^)ri:xmQ:cj^O.FabimM.iximus^zn^ for his General 
 of theCavalry,/!/.-^;;7««/«j KHJui. Thefe ii.i.d commilfion trom the Senat,to fortify the walls and 
 Towers of the City^to plant and beltow guards thereon,where they thought meet and to cut up 
 and break down the bridges upon the great rivers; (hewing hereby ^th at fince they were not able 
 to keep .ind defend /f*?/)-, they were now to tight for houle and homeand to guard the very City. 
 Ayinib.d\r\ tnis mean time was come diredtly by the way o\.llmbru%^z% far as to Spoletum. And 
 after he had grievoully v/alied and fpoiled the territory , he aflaied to give affault to that City: but 
 
 B from then e he had therepnlie with thelofsof many ofhismen. AndguefTingbytheftrength of 
 thsi one Colony (where he fped but badly in the attempt of it)hovv great and difficult the enter- 
 prife might be of affiiling the City of /?•«!£• ; heturnedanother way into the * Picene country, * Marca Amt. 
 not only abounding in plenty or all kind of corn and grain, but alfoaftording rich fpoil and pil- "•'• 
 lage : which the hungry and needy ibuidiers foraged and caried nvay as greedily, beyond all mea- 
 fure. And therefor terrain dayes he kept a lidnding camp, and retreflicd hisfouldiers, toiled as 
 well with winter jotirnies and boggy wayes.as alfo in the late battel, which was more joyous and 
 fortunate in the loofe and parting, than light and eafy in the conflid and fighting. After he had 
 relied and refrefhcd his ibuidiers l"uffi.ien[|y,who took more pleafureinbooties and prizes, than 
 in eale and repofe, he diflodged, and jnurnied forward; waliing and fpoilingfirfl the ' Pretutian * /Uru^'i^ir. 
 
 C and Adrian territories, and thcntheMafans, Ma;rucinsand "Pelignians: and all about Jrpi ;^ ^•"'"f «/".: 
 and Lticcrta; being a region next adjoyningunto Apnlia. P"l'>*> 
 
 Cn. JervUiui the other Con iil, having had fome light skirmifhes with the Gauls, and won 
 from them one mean Town of fmali importance, after he wasadvenifed once of the death of his 
 Colleague and the defeat ot the jrmy fearing even then what danger might betide the walls of his 
 native i.oi)ntry,leH peradventure he Oiould be abfenc in the hazard of the main chance, put him- 
 felfin his journey toward the City oi Romt; 0^F<j5/?^i>Wxr.the Pro-didatoraforefaid the fame 
 day that heentrcdhis offiie aiicmbled the Senate, and began firft with matters of religion, and 
 concerning the Gods: and after he had laid open unto the LL. ofthe Senat, that the ConfulF/^- 
 minius had iaultedmore in the negleit and contempt of Divine Ceremoniesjand the Aufpices,than 
 
 £) otherwifc inrafhnefsandfor want of skill in feats of war ; and that the Gods themfelves were to 
 beconfulted about the purging and expiation of fids and offences, and what might appeafe their 
 wrath; gained and obtained this one point,That the Ddcemvirs were commanded to repair unto 
 the books of Sibylla, (a thing not ufually decreed : but when (Grange figns and prodigious won- 
 ders are reported) who having perufed thebooks ofdeliinies-^made relation and informed the Se- 
 nators, firlt,That the vow made unt6 Mars^OT the good fuccefs of that war,was not performed 
 with due complements,arid therefore ought to be aaccomplilliedanew.and in more ample man- 
 ner .• alio, that the great Games andPlaies fhcnld be vowed unto y«/)iri?r, with Temples likewife 
 to FentuErycitra-, and to * Mens. Moreover, thatafolemn fupplicationand a Lediifern fliould * The godder* 
 be celebrated, and a facred Spring vowed, if the Gods granted them an happy end of war, and ',^ Undctflan- 
 
 E the Common-weal to remaininthefameeftate, wherein itffoodbeforethewar began. The "^^' 
 Senat gave order, that forafmuth as Fabinsyas to be emploied inthewars, M. t^mjUitsthQ 
 Pretor,fhonld have in charge to fee all the premiffes performed with all good fpeedjaccording to 
 the wiliandmindoftheColledgeof the Bifliopsor Prelats. Thefe Ordinances ofthe Sgnat be- 
 ing enabled, L«!r««; Cornelius Lenttilasihe Arch-ptelate, with the advice ofthe whole CoUedge 
 of the Prelates, thoughtgoodandgaveadvice, that fitR above all otherthings theopinionand 
 pleafureof thepeople (as touching the facred fpring) fhould be known, for that without the 
 voyces and confent ofthe peopleit could not be vowed; And in thisform of words was the bill 
 propounded unto the people. Pleafeth it yon, ll.\it this ^yace maypafs a?id the thing done with your 
 ajfent in thtswife ? if thf finite ofthe people o/Rome andthe Quirites^forfive years next enfiiing-,cor.~ 
 
 F tinueftfely preferved in thefe wars, m I defire it [hofildy then that the people ofKome,and Qutrits pcr- 
 fartrt an oblatten andgift vewed and prormfcd '• namely, in the War between the people of Kome .vid the 
 Carthaginians : and in the wars with the Gauls on this fide the Alps '• to witf that the encreafc which the 
 fprit'g foaliyeeld and afford out ofjheep a-idfwine, goats and kj>7e,and all things that (hall be prophage, be 
 fac-ificed t(i:to J'Jpitcr, accountingfrom that day that the Serrate andpeoplcfjalljo ordain: Item, thai^ 
 he which jhaL'facrifiee, may do n when he wiH, and in what manner he will : a-^idin what fort Jo ever he 
 fhali facr'fice,that it may fia/rd for good aud rightful. If haply it die, that (hottldbe ftcrificed Jet it he 
 counted prophage (^ not as wicked: If any manlame or maim,orkillthe fame unawares.letit not beim- 
 fnt.'dtf^'t'jhim at criminal: If any pe^fnn concralawayth:fameorhidettontofthewAy.let it not be im- 
 putcr^for wiokedneft unto the people^nor to him from whom it (halt befo flollen er hidden, if one chance by 
 
 G igno't^nct iofacnfce .fon an unlucky & d-fmald.iylet it he accounted good andlanfal-wkether by -/light 
 ord y^whethtr bonder free (hall farrtficf let it betaken and held good. If hefo-'e it-the Se-'at andpfople 
 (hall ord.tin thrfc farrijices to hf done, orfhullfacriflce-, let the people be ctjfoiled and difrhay^ed freely 
 therefsre.Kad for the time purpofcwere thegreat games (before vowed) performed with the ex- 
 penfeof* ?'3?33 Afles and orie third part ofanAf^; befide^hefarrificeof ;oc OxentoJ//;);?^;-, » jrm j;. , . 
 & of white Oxen and other facrifices, unto m»ny other faints. After thefe vowspronouncedand (h. 4d,fterl. ' 
 made accordingly jthe fupplication was proclaimed & in proceflion there went with their wives Sc
 
 2 «^ 4 ^^^ ^^^ ^"^ wentieth Boo}\ofT. Livius. 
 
 childrcn.not only the multitude ofihe City,but alio of ihe country, fo many as had their privateH 
 eflate,any way depending upon the publick. The Ledtifternlikewife was prepared and trimmed, 
 and continued for three dayes: and the Decemvirs depuiedtor holy ceremonies bad the ordering 
 theicot. Iheficred beds were openly to be leen • one fcr Jw/^^rfi-ard y»»c, another for A'fp«»tf, 
 and Mrrtrva : a ^h ird lor AJars and F'ef:us : a fourth for yJp Uo and Diana : a fifth for Fn/c.:!. and 
 Vtjfa-- and a hxtb for Mercury and Ceres. Then were the Temples vowed: vnio f^e^tu Eryci^a^ jQ_. 
 F<(/'/«//;/<j.v. the Di6tator,vowcd one Temple. For foit was delivered from out of the books of 
 " The Eoddtfs deftinies.that he fliould vow it^who had the foveraign rule in the City,and unto * Mens^ Julius 
 ot imdciftan- the Prctor vowed another. 1 hus when Church matters tone hing Religion were finiflied the Di- 
 cing, ftaior propounded concerning war and the State: namely,wi:h what Legions and how many the 
 Senat thought good to withlUnd the victorious enemy. And a decree pafied, that he (boiild re- I 
 ceive the army at the hands oiCn.Servdtus theCof, and enrol befides of the citizens and allies, as 
 many horfmen& footmen as he thought convenient .• and that he ftoulddo and order all things 
 athisowndifcretion,for the good of the Common-weal. F«»^/AMfaid^That he would adjoin unto 
 the army of Sf^wV w.two Legions more: which being levied by the General of the horfemeiijhe 
 proclaimed that the y fliould meet together upon a certain day at r;'^«j-:and when he had publiih- 
 ed a ptocUmation,That whofoever inhabited within any Towns or Callles untenced,(hould de- 
 part into places of fafety: and that all fliould remove out of the villages of that country ,through 
 ■which Jnmbalviisio go(butfirft to fet on fire their houfes.andfpoil their corn, that he might 
 find nothing there when he camejhe went himfelf forward by the high way or caufey F/,tmi»ia,to 
 meet with the Conful and the army. And when he difcovcred them marching about Of y/cw/ww k 
 by the river T|if>-«x, and faw the Conful with his horfemen coming forward to him,hefcnt a Ser- 
 oeam,to give wrtning to the Conful>for to come without his Lictors to the Didator,who obey- 
 ed his commandment. And as their meeting together, reprefented an exceeding great (hew of the 
 Diflitorfliip unto citizens and allies both, who by reafon of difcontinuance folong time, had 
 welneer forgotten that government : behold, there came letters from the City importing news, 
 that certain Ihips of burden iranfporting viifualsfrom Hofita into Sf<i;» for the army there, were 
 by thenavy of the Carthaginians boorded and takenaboiUthe found or haven of Ce/^. Where- 
 upon immediatly theConful was commanded to go to //p//^ito take up all fhipping at TJowf or 
 at Hoflia, 10 furnifli them with faylers,and man them with fouldiers,and fo to purfue the Armado 
 of the enemies,3nd to keep the coafts oi Italy. A mighty number of men was levied at Rotkc. The 1, 
 Libertinsalfo, who had children, ai^d were of lawful age foferve, fwareallcgeance unto him, to 
 behistruefouldiers. Out ofthis army of citizens, as many as were under 35. years of age, were 
 fhippcd; the reft wereleft behind togaard the City. The Diilatot having received theConfuls 
 army st ihehands oiFpilvius f/^cc«/ his Lieutenant} went through the Sabins Country, and ari- 
 ved at Tj/vir, whitherhe bad commanded the new fouldiers to repair at a day. Fromchenceby 
 crofs wayes he returned into thehigh way or caufey L<jr/«^, tvcnio Prenefie: from whence 
 (having fearchcddiligenilyby hisefpials, all the waye.s) be led forward toward the enemy, pur- 
 pofmg in no place to hazard the fortune of battail, but upon neccflity. The very firft day that he 
 encamped not far from Jrpi, within the fight of bis enemies, there was no ho with Anmhl., but 
 without further delay, he came forth into the field in battail array, bad him battail, and oflFred j^ 
 f gbc. But feeing his enemies quiet, and no ftirring in the camp, he fell to taunting and reviling- ; 
 them: fiy ihg,That now at length yet,the martial hearts of the Romans were daunted and tamed; 
 and feeing they refufcd fight, they confefl'ed plainly, and granted themfelves inferior unto him in 
 valor, prowefs, and glory : which faid,heretited into his camp. Howbeit, chafing and fretting 
 fecretly in his mind for anger that he had to deal hereafter with a Captain,far unlike to t-'laminius 
 and Semproftins : and that the Romans now at lalf, being fchooled and taught by their own 
 harm?, and to their great coft, had fought out and got a Captainto match y^»«/^^/' I ftreight- 
 wayes he began to tear the wifedom of the Diffator, and not his force: but having had as yet no 
 tryalofhis conftantrefolution, he fell to difquiec his mind, and to tempt him with often remo- 
 virghis own tents, and wafting the fields of his allies even coder his nofe: one while he feemed N 
 to march away apace out of all fight,another while he would ofafuddainftay,andlieclofein fome 
 by-place and coiner, out of the way, tofpie when hecould take him in foffie plain and even 
 ground. Brc f^/';«/ledhis army, and marched above on the higher grounds, apretydiftanceoff 
 from t he enemy ,fo as neither he would let him go clean and abandon him,nor yet encounter with 
 him. He kept his fouldiersforthemoftpart within the camp, lave only when neceffity other wife 
 conftrained. For purveyance of forage andfewel, they went neither few in number, nor ftrag- 
 ling afundcr. The wards of Horfemen and thofe that were lightly armed, ftanding alwayes in 
 order of battail, and ready prepared and furniflied for fuddain impreflions and tumults, yeelded 
 both fecuriiy to his own fouldiers, and alfo danger to his enemies, as they ranged all abroad and 
 foraged the Countrey. In this nwnner never was the main chance put to the venture all at once q 
 of fortune: apd the fmall tryais c flight fcufflingand skirmiflies (begun in fafety and fecurity,by 
 reafon of the recourfe of refcue fo neer) inured and hcartned the fouldiers, frighted with former 
 foils, and made them at length to dillruft lefs either their own valour, or fortune. But ^»««- 
 bal was not more difcontented and difpleafcd, nor more ready to croffe and thwart thefe fo 
 wholfome policies and counfels of his, as hisown General of horfmen: who wanted nothing elfe 
 but foveraign command, to overturn headlong the Common- weal:, a man in all his defign- 
 
 ments,
 
 The tn>o and twentieth Boo^ofT, Li vius. 2 c c 
 
 /^ ments violent and hartypnd of tongue inrempente. And firR lecretly among fome few, but after- 
 wards openly in the hearing of all mcn^he termed Fa'-'tuij'mP.e^doi a rtayed and fober man,f!ow 
 and dull; in ilead of wary and heedful, timorousand fearful : attributing unto vertueschenames 
 of vices of neer i'emblance •• and having a fmgular dexterity to-debafe his betters and fuperiours, 
 exalted himlelf thereby : a cunning cali^, of all others theworlt , and yet hith mightily prevailed 
 and fped too well in many that have ul'ed it. ^OT/i;rf/from ylrpi palkth into Samniurfi, vvalleth 
 the country of 5e;»fw»r«OT, winneth the City TeUfm., andlliii provoketh (of Tet purpofe) the 
 Roman Captain, if haply hecouldincenfehimby fomany indignities and loffcsot his allies, and 
 l"o draw him to fight on e^ en hand. 
 
 3 Amongft a great number of Italian conl'ederacs and allies, whom .^«»/^.?/ had taken prifo- 
 rers at 7/)?v/77Wi?«wanddilmifled , there were three Campanehon'emen, whom y-;»«.'/'<i.'even 
 then had tolled on, and allured with gilts and fair promifesto win unto him the hearts of their 
 coantry-men. Thefe brought word unto him, that incale he would ie.^d and bring his army into 
 CampMia, he fliould f»on be Lord oiCap:sa, And albeit the ching in ic felt fecmed greater than 
 ;he quality of the perlbns that counfelled him thereto: and therefore Rood inm.imm;ringjOne 
 while in good hope and aflurance, another while in tear and diHrnfi: yet theyperfwaded himac 
 lali to remove out of Sanmitin into C.ar,:p.nita. Afier he had admonifl-ied chem very often, to 
 fee that they made their word and promi;es good by deed , and commanded them withal to 
 return upto him with fome of their prin,:ipal Citizen^ and Country-men , he fenc them away. ' 
 
 C Himfeif gave commandmentto his guide, to conduil him into the territory of 'C.-yJ^jw;?;: bein^ ^scc 
 advifed by thofe that were skilful and acc-]uainted with thecoafisofthofeparts, that ifhecould 
 gain aforehand that pafe and forcit , he might ei^.ludethe Romans from coming to refcue and 
 iuccour their confederats. But the ambiguity of the name , and the Carthaginian language far 
 differing from the Lnine, caufed thcguide to miflake C<^-(i''yium for Ctifinum : and lo mifi'ing of 
 his intended journey, he came down, thro-ngh the .^///fiswf, dH-itin:^ and Cj/fw Countries, 
 into the plain champian region oiStell-L. Where feeing all the co.if}'; environed roundabout 
 with Mountains and Rivers, he called the guide untdhim, and deminJed where he was : and 
 when heanfwered, that he Hiould that day lodge in C,j/?n,-7//?^.', then and not before , the error 
 was found; and he knew that he was far out of his way, for thstC^/jw^w was dilf ant in another 
 
 D Countreyfaroff. And after he had beaten the guide with rods, and hanged him up by the head, 
 for an example to terxifie all others, he fortihed himfelf within camp. and lent out /l/^'a.?>7W with 
 the Horfcmen into the Falern Country, to fetch in booties. So they wailed and fooiled as fat 
 as the waters di Siuueffa, Much harm did thefe Numidians.but the flight and fright ofthe peo- 
 ple was tar greater. Andyetnotwithlianding that great fear , when all was on a li"ht fire as ic 
 were, and nothing but war, the Roman allies continued Hill firm in their faithful alie'-eance: and 
 ihereafon was, becaule they were ruled under a ju(f and moderat government, and neither refu- 
 fed, nor thoughtmuLhtobefubjecl unto their betters, the only bond of loyal hdclity. But fo 
 foon as he had pitched his camp by the River ' VultHr-Ans^_ and that the molt goodly andpleafanc » 
 Country of all /;.7// was on fire, and the Villages every where burned and fmoked again; whiles ^ *''"'*• 
 
 ^tabius led his power over the ridge.of the Motuncain /1-/<?/7Zc«;, thefedition was like to have 
 broken out again, and certain Captains of the mutiny began to be enkindled afrclli. Fortbere 
 had been great quietnefs, andallwaslliilfor fomefewdayc- ; bc-anc feeing the army march fa- 
 lter than their ufual manner \yas, they fuppofed verily, that they made more fpecd and haOned, 
 to (:i\(zCAmpji»i'i trom being Ipoiledand waited. But when they were come to the formoU ed^e 
 and point ofthe Mountain M.ijjiais , and that the enemies were within fi<'hc , burnin^the 
 dwellingHoufes ofthe Coloners and inhabitants of 5/,;«^jf.r , Snd iikewife ofthe Falern Coun- 
 iry,and all this while not one wordof battail;'-'- And are we come hither indeed, quoth MirrMius 
 *' to behold only and to fee. and feed our eyes with looking on our allies, confumcd and wafied 
 
 ^iinuuui^ 
 
 ''hold, ic is notaneighbourensmyftheSamnit) that fireth it b'ot a forrein and alien, even the T''«p^"Bnoi' 
 "Carthaginian, who from the farthelf and molt remote pares of the worid, (whiles we flandata ^'■*''°" °f 
 "bay trifle off fiill and for lazinefs do nothingjis come forward even hither unto us. And are we 
 ''• fo far degenerat (with forrow of heatt 1 fpenk it) from our progenitors and father.-, that alonc^ 
 '•'• which coart they thought itdillionorable unto tbeir empire, fortheCaithafinianArmadoes 
 " and fl-.ips toflote, fail, and ride; we llionld fee the fame now pclleredfuil of enemies, the Nii- 
 " midiansand Moors ? We, who ere whiletaking foul fcorn and greatdifdain to fee Sa^^nr.tum 
 "befieged, called not only upon men , but alio upon the faith ofa'.li.ancesand theGods'to wic- 
 Q'^nefs; (land tlill gazing upon ^«^;/7:'^/ marching againll the walls o^'a Roman Colcny, andrea- 
 '•'■ dy toaffauitir. The fmoke ofthe villages and the fields now on fire , is leady toput out our 
 " eyes and to choke Us up:our ears relbnnd and ring again with the piteous cries of cur allies that 
 " weep and lament and cal ofcner unto us than unto the Gods for help. And we here lead our army 
 "as if they were a flock offlieep,overthcfhadowyforefts, and hills out ofthe way, hidamonc' 
 " the clouds and thick woods to keep them from theheat of Sun. \i F urlusC amnlHi\\t^ been ot 
 " mindjby ranging and wand ring over hils and tbrelh in this manner,to win ac-ain the City out of 
 "the hands ofthe Gaulsjas ihisournew CamHlm forfooth (fought out ofpurpofetobe our only 
 
 " Dilator
 
 The Wo andwentietb Boo\ofT, Livius. 
 
 " Di6>3tor in this ourdifirc!5 ?nd hard efiate) goetb about to reco\er 7f<j/; from yl>inil!^/-, Rcme ^ 
 " had been French at this day ; which I fear me, if we go thus cold.y to work.our ancellors have 
 '■ laved and rcfervedio often, for >^;7«;^<»/ and theCatthagirians. Buthe, a bravieman,and a 
 " Roman indeed, that very d^y when word was bronght to /"-"<//, tb.u he waschofen Diihtor by 
 " the fuffrages of thcpeople, 3rd approbation ofthe::en?.tois, although Jrt;7;«r/zi»-/ was high e- 
 " cough, where he might have fet him down and beheld the eremy at eaie, deftended into the 
 "plain and even ground, and the lame day in the very mids.md heart of the City, where now 
 *' Ga:.ll'ir^y or Bttfia Calbca ihrdeth,and the morrow alter, between Rome and Gahes^ flewthe 
 '■'• Legions of the Gauls. And what flTOiild 1 fay of that, which hapned many years after, when at 
 " the WicV^hts o'\ Cdrdinm we wereput underiheyoke by the S.imnits our enemies? Whether 1 1 
 *' pray you, did L. /'.?p;'>-///.fC//-/yr feek out the mountains of .?rf.-»www, or rather lie hardnpon 
 *'■ Li:ceru: and befitgc it, provoking and challenging the vidtorious enemy -, and thereby ("hookoff 
 " the yoke from the Romans neckj and kid it upon the proud Samnits > And what other thing 
 "elie of J;re dayesbuc expedition, gave the v-ilory to Conful L«ff<«f ?/« ? Who the morrow alter • 
 " that he difcoi ercd the eremy,fet upon his fleet heavily fraught with victuals : and overcharged 
 " as itwas with her own munition; furnituie and provilion, lunk, and delfroyed the fame. It is 
 '* meer folly to believe and think by fitting Itili-by bare prayers and vows,to vanquilTi and lubdue 
 ^' the enemy. Onrfor>.es muftbeputintoarms,3ndbroi;ghcdovvr irro the plain that man toman 
 ''may cope and bu.kle together. By adventuring bold. y,by action and execution, hath the Roman 
 " Empire grovvn to this height ; and not by thcfe conceits and devices , which fearful cowards K 
 " term the wary poraies of w.ir. As Minmius IpaKc chelc words in preaching wife,a number of 
 Pvoman Colonels and Horfemen came flocking a'r<s^r;'..nim. Yea^and thefelurty and rafh Ipeechcs 
 of his,cameevcn unto the ears of the footiner; • ; f>«, i; it hnd lien in the voyces and eledion of 
 the fouldiers out of all quellion they feemecl .viliuiy ro preret MiKiaiHs before theirGeneralf 4- 
 I'tM. ButF.?/'<w< again regaidirgalwayts with ga<¥>d eye his owirmeninolefs than h'senemies, 
 carrying a refnlutemind, invincible e\cr before of any other ; albeit he was well w.'re, that not 
 only within his owncamp bin alio now at Romr^hi: hcnrd ill foi his temporizing and How pro- 
 ceedings: yet drew he ont the re't of the fummer.and held on (tiflynhe fame courie and purpofe.Sc 
 never altered hi.^ forme. m.;nncr: until that ^i?»?.-i'<!,' being clean difr.ppoin.ed oflong defired bat- 
 toil bethought him'clf anon .-,nd looked about for lome places of wincerabode conlideringjThat L 
 thecountry where now' he was, rather yeeldcd plenty for the preicnt, than (iorc for long conti- 
 nuance: as (landing upon KorrV'^rds .ind Vineyards,and .nUthings pUnted.raihcrior fruirsof plea- 
 fore and der'r,lir,than for necclfit yard profit. Intelligence hereot being given to F<j')f«-,by hise- 
 Ipials, for th.u he knew well enough, that An-^i^. /was to return through the fame ftreighcs,by 
 v/hith he h.id entered the Faicrnconntrey ; he holdeth and keeptth the hii; CiZ/c/^//?, with luffi- 
 cient g.;rriws and likewireC4/z/;;;«w,aCiiy divided by the river r///f,<-,;:<«,and parteth the Faiern 
 and Camp.ir.c countries .ifunder. Himfelfbringeth back his power rlirongh the fame hills, having 
 fent out to dikover andcfpie 4ooHorfemen ofconfederats, under the conduct of L. Ho/?///«tf 
 AUiyic'.nu!;Vi\\o being one of the crue of thofe luily youths>that olteniimes heard the General of 
 theHor'eiVicn piling out abroad brave words and (foutfpeeches,at TirH went forward in manner {4 
 of an efpi.il, todifcover and efpietheenemy from a place of fafety and^ecurity; and when as he 
 lawtheNnmidians ranging Ml abcin ibevill.igcs,and flew fomeof them alfo whom he took at a 
 vantigclircight-wayes his mind wholly poCfffled and fet upon (ighi;and fo lorgat the charge and 
 diredticn of i he Dicta tor, who had commanded him to go forward as warily and as dofely as he 
 prfl'ibly could,and to retire himfelf again before became within fight ofthe enemies. TheNumi- 
 di.msthargirgandrech.ugirghimafrontonc while, and flying from him another while drew him 
 almofl unto their very camp when as both horfeand man were out wearied. From whence C't?-- 
 f.'/j,who then bad the condnc>and command of the Cavalryfet out againfthim lullily uponthe 
 fpur and before they erne withind-'ri-lTiort put the enemies to flight, and followed them conti- 
 nu.-illy inch-fc aimofifive miles. A/<t»f/w/.f feting neii her the enemy to give over purfutejnor any N 
 hope to cf ape aw.iy exhorted his men, and turned bead upon them ovtrmarchcd ashevvaseve- 
 ry way: where hehim'elfand liis choicefl Horfcmen were bcfet round .-^ndflain: the other t,-,king 
 thcmlches ag.-i.in to flieforlife,iir(l: cameto C>^/i.'/,,2ndafrer through by-lanes .ind difficult wayes, 
 to the Di'il.tor. That d -y, as h.ip w a s,/T//»»/^ .•.'// had joyned himiel! to r<»Aw,having been afore 
 fent to keep with altrongguanl, iheforreO orpafe, whic h above Tl?rr /7c.'«/7,groweth irtoanar- 
 rO'.v guller,ind re.icheth to ihcfea ; forfearleft it the advenue of rbc way Afpta-, were without 
 de'encc.^ n b. /might enter and invade the country of /?«»;*. When the Diflatorand the Gene- 
 ral of Horfemenhad joyred their forces together, they encamped upoxvtbe very high way, that 
 yi;i>!}lal w.istn p.ifle with his .irmy. New were the enemies two miles off. The morrow after, 
 the Cinh.iginl.-ns took up with their army .ill the way between the one camp and the other, q 
 When as the Romans were qna'ted even under their very trench andrampier, inaplaceno 
 doubt ofgreat advant.ige yrt for ill th:-! approached Ayinilu^lvinh his light Horfemen : and to 
 provoke his enemies, fcu^ht by Qarts .md fit', ch.irgir-.g upon them- and retiring back again with 
 grert nimh'enelfe. The Rom.-ns kept (Vill their ftduding, embsttailed as they were. The fighc 
 was cold jnd lingering to the mind and iikingof the Diitaton rather than of y^;7w^.7/:and where 
 there were ofthe Roman? part 200 llain, there dyed 800 ofthe enemies. Thenfeemed Annibal 
 Ci}lili:xv- after, to bccnu'c'edand fhut up asii wereandbefieged within * C.ijilittnm, feeing that C^^w/z, 
 
 SamKinm,
 
 The ttpo and twentieth Boo\ of T. Liv'us. oe y 
 
 A Samnmm, and nuny rich ind mighty Nttjonsconfederite with the Romans, were on 'heir backs 
 lofurnifti them with ftorc of viftuals. And ^»«^4/ contrary-wile was likctotakeuphis winter- 
 ing place, within the aags and rocks of Formii, amid the Sands of Z./»f f r««w,and the mofly ftan- 
 ding pools. Well wift AnnibJaow that be was laid unto hardh', by the lamecunning fidgtits, 
 that be had ufed himfelF. And therefore when as he could not efcape away by Cafiiinum, and ice- 
 iDg that be muft needs to the Mountains, and paffe over the top of CuUicmU .• for fear Iclt that iha 
 Romans ftiould ict upon his atmy endoled in the vallies between the Mountains, he dcTil'cd a ftra- 
 tagem, by way of a ridiculous illufion , to beguil the eye-fight of bis enemies , and to fruM rate and 
 deceive them of their expedation: by means whereof, he purpofed in the begmning of the night, 
 
 B dofely and by flealth to gain the Mountains. The manner ot his crafty device was this. He cau- 
 fed to be gathered out ot all the villages thertby many fire-brands ;then took iie certain bavins or 
 I'mall fagots of biu(h-wood, dry (licks, and lucb like trafh, and tyed them fall to the horns of (he 
 Oxen, wbercofhehid tame and wild, a great number that be drave bcfote bimamongQotbec 
 prizes gotten out of the countrey : To as he might make wel-neer t wo tboufand btad. To Af- 
 drttl'alhs gave in charge, that fo ioon as it pre^v to be dark night , he fhould drive tbofeOxen 
 with their horns (eta fire toward the Mountams, and cfpecislly ifhepofTiilecould, totbevery 
 llreigbts and gullet which the enemy kept. It begannoiuoncrtobcdark, but /lumh/witb 
 great filence diflodged and removed b.s camp , and tbe Oxen atoreliiid were driven a good way 
 before the enfigns and the army. When they were come to the foot of the Mountains, and to the 
 C ftteight paffages, immediatly the figna! or watch-word was given to fire the Oxes horng, and to 
 cba(e them up againd tbe HilK The beads, what with fear to icc a light fire blazingover their 
 beads , and what with pain to feel the heat now come to the quick Befh and tbe roots oi their 
 faorns, fell running up and down, as ir they had been mad. By this their gadding thus all at once 
 every way, all thecoppiles and (prings thereabout were fet on a light fire , and feemedasif tbe 
 whole woods and hills bad burnt witbal : ^be fliakingof their heads alio to and fro without Itay, 
 made the blaze greater, and gave Hicw and lembianee of men running from one place to ano- 
 ther. They who were appointed andfetto keep the paiTiges of the (freights, fofoon as tbcy law 
 certain fires upon the topi of the Hills, and over their heads, fjppofing th«m(elves to be entrapped 
 and enclofed wiih fire on every >ide , abandoned tbrir hold , and kept their (landing no longer : 
 D and whereas tbe flame (hone mo(t our , thinking that to be the fircLt way ^ they Iped them tbi- 
 tber, even to tbe top and ridge of tbe Mountains. Then and there, they hgbt upon certain of 
 (be Oxen waadring aRray from their company , and at firit feeing them afar off, bur nut well 
 dilirerniag them , they imagined that they (pit fire , and breathed tbeiebazin^ fl tines out of tbeic 
 mouths, and wondering at tbe (irangefigbt, (food lliU amazed and alfonicd. But wben a» after- 
 wards they difcovered ibc device , and found it out to De a lubule and deceitful invention , pro- 
 ceeding from mans brain, they midrulfcd withal fume fccret trains and am uih, a.id with an ex- 
 ceeding noife fled away as fa(f as ever they could , and (iumDledupontbcvantCuiricrsofttieic 
 enemies, that were lightly armed. But they were atfraid as well of the une fide as tnc other to 
 begin any skirmi(h in the aigbt leaion, and (layed until day light. Inihe mean wnile, /inmbAt 
 
 £ having cotKlufted his whole army through the ltrcighi&,an l killed (ome of bis enemies in ibc very 
 pa(e, encamped himfelf in the territory of jiifM. Fabim detcryid ibis tumult well enough, 
 but dotibting lome privy atr.bulh , and abhorring utterly all night ba. tails, kept bis n. en within 
 the Itrength of their rampiers. At the break of oay there began a ikitmifh on the fde <f the hills 
 in wbicb the Romans as being far more in numcer, had environed on cvcfylidc the lij;bc'armed 
 fouldicrs of tde enemies, and loon defeated them, btit that aband of Spaniards, tent back of 
 purpuie from Aum^ul, came to refcuc them : who being better acquainted with thcMoun» 
 tains, and more hgbt and nimble in tunning among the croggsand cliffs, by rcaiooof well 
 of the agility of body, as the fa(hion of their light barneite ; eafily in thatkind ofskirm^fhy 
 avoided and fhifted from their enemy, heavily armed at all pieces, and uXcd to hgbi upon the 
 
 |: plain , and to (land firmly and keep their ground. Whereupon in the end they i^arted afunder 
 one from tbe otbcri but nothing neer on even hand : for the Spaniards in a manner all, went 
 deer away unhurt* the Romaus lo(f (ome of their men: and lo on both parts they returned 
 tb their camps. Fdbim hkewile removed, and having ba({edove[the{lrei(ihtsoftbefore(V^ 
 encamped in an high ground , and ftrongly fituate even over AUfM. Then .<^»«'^4/ making as 
 thoDgb be would march through SAmnmm toward Komt , returned back , walf ing and fpoilmg 
 tbe country as far as to tbe Pdigni, And Fa.hiHs hovered (fill upon the Hill tops between tbe 
 army of his enemies and the City of Rome \ leading his ho(f fo, as neither be departed far, 
 nor yet encountred and aflronted bis enemy. Then ./i«n«^>i/ turned his way , and departed 
 from the Peligni , and retired himfelf xvxo ApuUn, ifintilhe wascomeasfarasC?mM, a City, 
 
 Qabandoned and forlorn of the inhabitants, by reafon that apart of their wall was fallen dawi^ 
 decayed and mined. Tbe Diftator fortihed his camp in the territory oiLarinam, Now was 
 be lent for home from thence to Rome , by occafion of certain folemn I'acrificcs .■ whereupon, 
 be conferred and dealt with the Ceoeral of the Cavalry , not only by way of abiolate command- 
 ment, but alTo with advice and peifwtiions, yea, and as one Woiild lay, by prayer and intreatyj 
 
 ■ ''That he wookl truft more upon confiderate counfel , than doubtful fortune { and be direded 
 ** and guided ratber by bim , than follow the (feps of Semfrtmtu and FUmimm ; and not' 
 " tbink there wu notbiog deoe snd effeiftcd , and make no reckning of this ^ That tbe eoemy bad
 
 ^%S The wo and we?iiietbBoo\ofT> Livius. 
 
 «« been daUied withal, and trifled out, mocked and deIaded,a1mon-an the fummerlong. Wbyjeven H 
 «' Pbyficiars (quoth he) many times do more good to the lick bodyof ihe patient , by givingrelt 
 ♦'and repofe, thanbyftirnng and difquieting the humors therein. Andnolmallmaiter is it, that 
 '■^we atevanqui/bed and overcome no more , at an enemies hands ib often uled to vidory. And 
 "after contmoai f-cihand ovettbrows, to have bad reft , and a time of breathing. Having in this 
 wile «dmonifhec* the oeneral ot Horl'e atorehand ( but all in vain j he took his way to Reme. 
 
 ■ntbebeginni'ng ofthisfummer, wherein thelc exploits were performed, war began alfo ia 
 SpaiK boihby Sea and Land. Af^ruhal to that number of fliips which be had received ready rig- 
 ged and well appointed of bis broiher, joyned other ten. To Himilco he gave the charge of a fleet 
 of forty fail : and lo, lonfing from Carthage , whiles bis fhips kept neer to Land, he conduced his I 
 army along the River upon the ftrand , ready to give battail to tlse enemy , howloeverhefliould 
 bap to encounter him either by Land orSti, C». 5«/>/o after be bad intelligence that the enemy 
 was removed nut of his wintering harbour^ at the tirft bad likewile tiie lame intention and pur- 
 pofe, but afterwards doubting to encounter by Land, upon the exceeding great report that went 
 otnewaids, he embarked his beft and mod choice louldiers , and wi^ha fieetof 35 I'sjl, (etfor- 
 ward to meet the enemy. And tbe lecond day after that he bad loolcd trom 1 aracune , he came 
 to the rode diflant ten miles from the mouth of the River /^*r»/. From whence, two Pinnaces 
 of the Maflilians were lent out afore , and brought word , that the Carthaginian Armado tode in 
 tbe mouth of the River , and that tbe tents were pitched upon the bank. And therefote tothe 
 end that be might (urprife them at un wares, and unlooking for them, with all the fearful terrour at K 
 once, that he could poffibly J he weighed anchor, and let tail toward the enemy. In 5yja»» there 
 are many Towrs (landing upon high grounds , which lerve the inhabitants of the coantry in good 
 flead, both as watch-Towers 'odilcover, and alio as iconces to withltandTbeeves and Rovers^ 
 From whence the entmi« fh'ps were defcryed firft, and a (igiul given to /IfdruM : in fuch lort, 
 as the tumiilt and trouble aroie upon the Land , and in the camp, before any was ieen on the Sea 
 and amongft tbe (liips : for as yet neither noifc of oars, nor any ordinary Itir eli'c of marmers, 
 was heard ; nor yet the capes and promontories between luffered tbe fleet to be (een. Due then» 
 allonaluddam, certain Horfemen lent from .^/rlm^^Z one after another, commandsd rhe foul- 
 diers ( who either wandred along theffrand, or Sste quiet within their pavilions, lookingfor 
 nothing ielTe than fight that day ) prelently in all bafte to go aboor(f , and to armetor tCtat the Ro- 1 
 man fleet was not far from tbe haven. This comoiandment tUe Horfemen that were ieat, gave 
 ev«y where. And within a while ^/(ira^a/ came in perlon with the whole army. All was 
 on a hurry, and full ot fundry alarms j w;hiles both mariners and iouldiets,tiiade halt to bCiftiipped, 
 rather like men that fled from Land, than went to fight. Scarce were they alt enbarked,- wheo 
 fome of them Jooied from the fhoar, and piuckedup Anchors, otberstfut the Anchor Cables, 
 for that nothing fnould ftay them .• and all that they did , was with Inch hsffte, that whiles the 
 fouldiers w^ere occupi^id in making tbemfclves ready to fight, the manners were bindttd in 
 their buhnefs; and whiles the mariners made fpeed , the fouldiers were kept from t&kmgtbeir 
 armour, and fiiiin!:; themfelvcs rbcrewirh. By which timeSeipto was not only approachesl'neer, 
 bur alio had ujarQsalicd and ordr-edt^ii fhips ready to fight, So as the Carthaginians weretrou-j^j 
 bled as well with the hurly burly and tu'.miit of their own people, as with the allauU ana bat- 
 tel of their enemies. Anj having (tn lay a cnth^ made an aflay and proffer ot fight, rather than 
 begun any in ieed, they turned a. ay their fleet, and fled. Andfeeing, when they were once put 
 to flight (by re»fon they wetc parted atur.der all abroad, and lay open to Ibniany ofthcjrcne- 
 lliies, following them upon the poop all at once) thstthey were ready and eafy to be bouged and 
 pierced, they rowed on all hands to the fhoi c Sbme were fain to wade to Land, others leapt on 
 dry e ground ; one fott armed, another fort unarmed ; and ioefcsped to their company , etwbattail- 
 ed along the (tiand, Howbeit, m the very firft encounter and oniet, two Carthagiv/ian fliips 
 were taken, and four funk. The Romans, albdt they !aw the enemies, n:aaers of the Land, and 
 m'gbt behold them [f and in battalia; ray all along the River iide upon the'banks, yet made they no N 
 ftay, but chaled the fearful fleet of tbcirtncmies : and fo as :iisny (hips, as cither had not cracked, • 
 fplitted , and broken their Items , with daftiing upon the (bore, orwcrenotrun agroimd, and 
 Ituck faft by their keels in the fiielves, thole they dtewup, and wa^edihtcthcdcep , With 
 ropes faftncd to their pjops; and (o of thirty they to k five and twthtv. 'And yet, the taking of 
 thefe vcffels was not the belt and goodlieft work of their victory : but fbii palled all, that with one 
 irn ToYofj '^^^ skirmifli tbcy became l L. of all ihcSeaabrgth.fc coafts. And therefore arriving with 
 - '^'"' J •theirwholenavybcfore*Ho«o/c<», they landed their men, won the City b>'fcrci5!caflauh, lacked 
 it, and from thence went forward toward Carthage, And after they had ten-aged and vvaflcd all 
 «»r J the territory about, atthelaft, they fired the ver\ houfesthat joynedto the vvalis and gar-esbf the 
 
 or the Mpfof ^'"y* ^'^°'" 'hence the Atmada laden now and charged with t ich piihge,iailcd as tar as * Lo»gti»- O 
 HcUhi. '''■'', Where they found great ftore o{Spart [to m ike Cable* j provided and hid up there by ^ff- 
 
 drnt>aUo ferve the navy .- and when they had Mkenthrreota-much as they deeded,, they tn^f* 
 light fire of all the reft. Neither coafted the Roman fleet along the continent and main only And 
 urvlca , or /- fcourcd thofc parts which lay out into the Sea, but pafled alfo uato tiic Ifle* El>ttjus : wtierd theV 
 *'/«• affaulted hotly tot two dayes fpace, tbe head City of tbe Hand, with much ado. 'and' f nail 
 
 tttcA. And when they perceived , that they fpent time in vam, and were pstt all hope to win 
 it, they feli to ro& and fpoil the coontry.- and alter they hadnflcd and burned certaiti villages, , 
 
 and
 
 The tn?o and tn^entieth Boo\of T.Li viu s. -ikq 
 
 A and got a greater booty 5^ pillage than they had out ofthe main, they retired themlelves to their 
 lliips: andthitUercamc Embjfladors trom the lllands B.ile.ircsvirxo 5'c.;pe,c raving peace. From 
 then. e lie (.ameback with the tleet, and returned into the hitherp.Tt of the Province, whither 
 retorted unco liim the hmballadorsofall the Nations that inhabit about /^fr;M,yea, and otmany 
 aifo ;rom the fartheii part of i\\Sp.itn. But ofScates that ablolntely came under the obedience of 
 the people of Rowe, doing feaity and homage unto them, and giving holtages for aliurance of 
 their aLegean..e there were abo.e 1 2 o.i'op/o therefore, taking himfclfHrongenougl) in land for- 
 ceswent on as tar as to the chafe of " Cafifila.hui Jjdrula'. retired himfelf into Liifitama^ncAt » caflmi U- 
 theOceanlea. Hereupon the relt ot the fummervvasiiketo be quiet : and quiet had it been, for w^. 
 P .my thing that the Carthaginian^ did to thecontrjsry. But, (over and betides ihen.-turail di.pofiti- * I'ortugtl. 
 on of aiiSpaniards un-onii.nc, buhe and evermore dclirous of novelties and alterations. A'Jm-- 
 do-'7ius a Nobleman, who before time had been the Lord and Prince of the Ilergetes, teeing the 
 Romans retired oa kiromthe forrelt toward the l'ea-coalt,lHrred up the the people of his coun- 
 trey, and invaded the peaceable Territories ot t.ie Romans afloviates, for tofpoil and vvaHe the 
 fame.AgainIt whom there were tent from Sc po three thouiand Romans,befides certain auxiliary 
 fouldier> alio, lightly armed ; who inaiightskirmilli dif.omtitedhis forces, (as being a power 
 gathered in halic, and difordered^ flew many, tookfomepdl'oners, anddiiarmed the greater pare 
 of them. Neverthelefs,tne rumour ot this al.irm cauled Afdru!^a!,^s he departed to theO-iean, 
 to.rots theri^er /Z'fr^.fba'-k again, fo: the rel ue anddefenceof his friends and Allies. TheCar- 
 
 Q thaginians vver.- en;amped in the territory ofthe Her. aonians. and the Romans near the new Ar- 
 m.ida, wheniuddennew.^ diverted the war another way. The Prinzes of theCeitiberians, who 
 had lent the Hmb.Utadors of their country, and holt.-ges unto the Romans. upon a meflcngerdif- 
 patchcd unto them from Scipio, arofe up in irms, and entred the Pro\ ince of the Carthaginians 
 with a firong and puiffant army, won three towns by afTiiilt } and^afterwards, in two battels 
 whi.:hthey fought with A[drul;.dx'\2,\\t valiantly flew 1 5000 enemies^and took 4coopriloners> 
 and m.iny mi-itary enrgns they bare away. 
 
 Whiles Spun tioodin thefe terms, P.Scipinc^m.t as L. Deputy into that Province, continu- 
 ing iMii nis government a tcr his Confuilliip expired, and was lent trom the Senat with thirty 
 lliips of war, eight thoufandfoudiers, and great Itore of viduals. This great fleet, inregudof 
 
 jy m.tny hulks and lliips ot burden which accompanied it, was kenned and dilcovered atar off, to 
 thegreat joy both of Rom ns and alfo of their friends and alfociats, and arrived within the pore 
 and haven of T.trracon. Wlierethe lou diers weredisbarked> and i'c/p/'u jcyned with his bro- 
 ther: and trom that time forward they agreed together, and with one accord managed the war. 
 And whiles the Carthagini.uis were amuted with the Celtiberian war.they made no ttay, but paf- 
 fed over I' erus-ia teeing no enemy they marched on toward Scgmtum ; for that the bruit went, 
 that the hoflage- of a, '^pau>, delivered unto the cuflody of Annibal, werekept there in hold 
 within the CaiUe, but with a trnal'gu.ird about them. That was the only pledge which (f aid all 
 the Cities of Sp.iiMe, whole minds were well affe'^ed and enclined to entertain league and focie- 
 ry with the Romans, but they feared le(i if they fliouid revolt, it would coif the lives of their 
 
 £ children. This bond which held S;)^j'« in awe- one mm eafed them of;, by means of a device and 
 pra'6lile more witty and lubtlle than honell and loyal. There was at Sd^tf/ituM-^onc .-Icedux s.No- 
 bieman of Sp^vz.truliy and faithful aforetime umothe Carthaginians : biitthen (as the n.itureis 
 for the moftpartof theie Barbarians ) as fortune altered her countenance, fo changed he his alle- 
 geance. Arid fuppofmg, that if he fhouldflieuntotheenemies, without performing tome nota- 
 ble treatbn and delivering into their hands one thing or other of great importance, he iTiould be 
 CGimted no better than a vile, bafe.and infamous creature,he caft about how he might wind him- 
 felf into thele new Allies, and win them by fome good tiervice, unto their beli and greateii be- 
 hoof. And confidering all the means that Fortune mi^ht brin^ within his compais to effect, 
 heemploycd himl'elfefpeciaily at; the length ro tet f'reennd deliverthole holfaaes ; thinking that 
 
 pthe only way to win and procure unto the Romans the amity ot all the Princes and great men 
 oiSpJin. Bnt knowing affuredly, that without warrant trom Bnfiir theConflablc of the Caflle, 
 the keepers ot ihofe holtages would do nothing, he fettcth in hand and cunningly goeth to 
 work with ffo/iar himielf. Now lay B fiirwCamp without the City by thewater fide, to im- 
 peach theRom.msforen ring rhe haven.Thither came Acednx to him .withdrew him apart into 
 afecretpla.e, andde. tared unto him as a man ignorant, m what ftate things flood. Namely, 
 *' That it was fear and nothing elfe-, that kept the Spaniards unto that day in obedience, becaule 
 ''the Rom.'.ns were ^o far c ft: 'nit now the Romans were encamped on this fde Iberus, as a fnre 
 "fortrefs and pl.ice of refoce imtotnem, if they minded any innovation and changeof State: 
 " and therefore teeing they could not long be kept l^yfeT they were to be obliged and bound 
 
 G"nnio A !/■■', :h-d\iy fome favour and eood turn. When Bofl-.ir marvelled and demanded, what 
 fudden demerit ttiis michr be. and of (o great confequence. " Mary <' quoth he ) fend back 
 *' the holtages into theii own Cities. An acceptable piefeit that will be both particularly ro 
 "•their parents, who are r>*^y,reatefl calling and reputatinr. in their own ■ ofntries, and alioge- 
 " nerally to all the Citie and Nations. Every man ( you know ) is det'rous to be tr';fled : and 
 '■ for themort parr, credit gi^ en frankly unto nne, bindeth himfnrelvo bemo(> f-'vhfuU, The 
 "miniflery and charge of c'ondudting the hoflages home to their own honfe^ I will require ro 
 " have mine own felf, that I may farther a plot and device of my own, with mine own proper 
 
 li « fervice
 
 26o 7 he wo and nventietb Boo\of •r.Livius, 
 
 "fervice and employment : and the ching which of it felf in nature is acceptable, I will in what IH 
 " can grace <ind commend the fame, and make it more mericirions. Hav ing thus perfvvaded the 
 man jbting not altogether lo wily.as other Cirthaginians naturally are,he went by night lecretly 
 as far ^.sx.\\tCorf> de ^Hurd oi the enemieSiand after he had met and talked with Icme Spaniards 
 that were auxiliary fouldiersin the Campand by them was brought before ^f/p/she declared un- 
 to him his whole intent and defignment, and the caufeof his coming. And after they hadgivers' 
 and received faithful promile mutually between them? and agreed of time and place fonhe deli- 
 very of the hoftages unto 5c/;)/o, he returned again to 5rtf«^«f«w. The day following he fpene 
 with Brfi.tr ^ in receiving Commifiion from him,for the execution of this matter. And thus being 
 dilmiued and havinghisdifpatch^hepurpofed togo in thenight to the end that he might ( fop. 1 
 footh^ avoid the watch and wards of the enemies, the Romans : and at the hour appointed he 
 raifed thofe who had the guard and cultody of the children, and put himfelfon his way; and(hm- 
 pie man he ) as if he had been altogether ignorant of that which hapned, brought them withio 
 thecompafs of an Ambufhment, forelaid beforehand by his own wily and crafty deu.c : andfo 
 were they brought into the Roman Camp. All other points bendes, concerning the rendring of 
 ihehortages, accordingto the agreement and appointment with /;o/,^r, were performed in the 
 fame order,as they fiiouid have paffed, in cafe all had been done in the name or the Carthagini- 
 ans,and to their behoof. Buc the Romans wonmuc h more thank, and gained ^'reater favour 
 thereby, than the Carthaginians cou.d have attained in the ike. u.tefie. For the Carthaginians 
 ( whom in their pro'perous fuccefs the Spaniards had found by experience to be rigorous unto K 
 them and proud) might have been fuppofed if they had done itnow^to have been mollified and 
 made more benign and gracious through adverfe fortune and fear: but Sdpo the Roman Gene- 
 ral,at his firlt coming and unknown before time, begin with a notable example and tedimony of 
 clemency and liberality. And ^'•f^w.vbelides. reputed a wife and prudent m^.n feemed not with- 
 out great reafonco ha, e made ex.-hange of bis Allies and Friends. Whereupon they alldeiircd 
 with one accord to revolt.andprefently they had taken arms indeed and rebelled, butfortheap- 
 proach nf winter which forced as well Romans as Carthaginians to betake themfelves to their 
 winter hrbors. 
 
 Thefe were the occurrents that fell out alfo in Spain inthefecondfummer ofthePunitk war: 
 whiles in It tly the wiie and wary delaies the induffrious temporizing ciFibitn'xn the manner of 2. 
 his wjrfarega\c the Romans lomerelpit and intermi/Tion of their foils and overthrows. Which 
 as it wrought in .J ^-'/W no Irnall trouble of mind and perp exity, to fee that the Romans at the 
 laft: hadchofen for their Generai.a mm who managed war. by d'fcourfe and guidance of found 
 reafon & not by adventure of fickle fortune ; fo it was deipifed of his own Citizens, as vvel ihofc 
 that were armed abroad as gowned at home: & namely when during the abfence of the Dictator, 
 there hapned to be a field fougbt through the rafrmefsof the Generall of the Cavalry, with 
 more joyfullfu.Lef fto peaKtruiy^than happy and fortunate.Two other things there werebe- 
 fides, that- aufed the Dictator to be worfe thought of, and in great difgr„ce and obloquy. The 
 one through the de.e tful and wily policy of Anynbal: who being enformed by certain fugi- 
 tive Traitors (that Bed from a'ow unto him) which were the land; and pofleHions ofthe Di6ta-M 
 tor; gr.eexprcfs commandment when he had defiroyed thecountry about, and made all even 
 with theground, toforbearallkind of hoftility there only, and to tou^h nothing of his, either 
 by fire or fword : to the end it might be thought there had been fomepackingbeivveenhimard 
 Anmlal ; and that this was the hire and ^onfideration agreed upon between them two. The o- 
 ther arofe from an adtion of his own: namely, about the exchange and courfing of certain prifc* 
 ners or captives : which peradventure at the firfl; appearance might have feemed doubtful and fuf- 
 picious ('bee aufe therein he (faidnot for toha\ethe CommilTion and approbation ot theSenatJ 
 but in the end and iip-lliot it turned no doubt, to his fingularpraife and commendation. In that 
 enterchange abovefaid-it was capitulate between both Generals, of Romans and Carthaginians, 
 ( like as it had been afore in the firft Puni k war) That whether fide received more Captives ^3 
 •y.lib.i6,ni. than they ga\ e again, fhould yield for every onel'ouldier * two pound and a halfof lilver. When 
 gd.Berl.ac- \^{^\\ quc therefore that the Roman DiffatorF.^^/w, had received moreprifonersby 247 than 
 drschmesor vi»««7''i/,and the paiment ot the lilver for them due; alter much debate m the Senaflioule, (be- 
 Romandeti*. caufe he had notdiredfion therein from the LL. ) wasdelaied, and no order taken therefore ; he 
 »ii to a lib. fcnt his Ton to Rome of purpofe, to make fale of his lands, which had not been eudam.maged by 
 ./^«»/^^/: and Co CO his own coff and out of his private purfedifc barged a publike debt. 
 
 Annibalx\o\y lay in leaguer before the walls of Gerion, a City which he had won and fet on 
 fire, and leferved a few houles (landing, to ferve him inftead of barns and garners for his grain. 
 From then e he fent out two third pares of hisforces to purvey com: and remained himfeif in 
 guard with one third part, ready in arms, (but lightly appointed and without any bag and bag- o 
 ■ g'^D^) '" ^ meet and convenient place ; both for detence of the Camp, and alfo for difrovery of 
 all the oalts about that no affault were made upon the purveyors. The Roman Army lay then 
 in the Territory of L^nuum, and the Captain General was ./W/>;of//«, Comminder of the horse- 
 men becaufe theDidbror ( asis ahovefaid ) was gone f^ the Cityof/Jowif. But whereas thefe 
 hadufuaily encamped before- upon fome high hill and flrong place of fecuritv ; now they be- 
 gan to draw down into tbevale and the plain ground and to devife crafty means and flraia- 
 gems beyond the natural reach of the Commander himfeif i namely, how they might affaii 
 
 either
 
 Thein>oandtn>entiethBoo\ofTXAv\\is. 3<5i 
 
 A either the purveyors as they firagled about in the countryjOr let upon the Camp of their enemies, 
 left with almall power and guard to defend it. Ayi»ibal\y?.5 not ignorantj that together wich 
 the General, the whole manner and conduit of their warfare was changed : and that the enemy 
 would fightrather more rafhly and haflilyjthan wifely and warily. And himfeU'(who would haxe 
 thought it,confideringthe enemy was approached nearer } lent one a third pr.rt on y oi his foul- 
 diers to provide corn and forragCjand kept the other twain with him in the Camp: hercmoicd 
 alfo his tents nearer to the Romans, almort two miles off from Gtr.o-?, to a licc.e hill within thq 
 light oftheentmies} to the end they might know he was minded and rerdy to refcue nnd defend 
 the purveyors,if haply they fhould be charged upon, Then elpied ^»'://^/arGther hill rearer, end 
 
 g ftanding even over the very C^mp of cheRomans. For the gaining whereof, (feeing that if he 
 fhould have gone by day time openly, hehadbeenno doubt presented by theencmies, who 
 would havefeized it firll by reafonit was nearer unto them)he lent certainNum-dians hv n'ght, 
 whofurprifeditandkeptit. But the Romans making iitt!e or no account of their fmall number, 
 drave them the morrow after from thence,and thithar removed their own tents: fo as then, there 
 was but a iictledilfance between one Camp and theother.and the fame, in a manner wholly ta- 
 kenupandreplenifhed with Romans .-and withall, at the fame time, thehorfemen cf theRo- 
 mans with certain footmen lightly armed werefent out atapoHcrn gate of iheCampXwhicho- 
 pened not upon the Carthaginians ) agalnlf the forragers, whom they diRomfited, put to flight, 
 and Hew a great number of them. Neither dur(l^;?;/i/'^/iflue forth to skirmlfii ; for, havir.gfo 
 
 Q few about him, he was hardly able to defend his Camp,in cafe it had been aflaulted.So he was dri- 
 ven now to ufe the policy and fhifts ofF.!/'/«j,(t&f part of bis forces were away)and managed his 
 war,fittingftillasit were,and keepingthe enemy at abay and atHa\esend: andfo retired with 
 his fouldiers to the former Camp, under the walls of Gij-.o;;. Some write, that there was a Held 
 pitched, and a fet battel fought with banners difplaied, wherein ^^/.v^*'/ at the firll encounter 
 was difcomfited and chafed to his Canlp : but t'rom thence they ifl'uedforth who were within and 
 fo the fear turned upon the Romans, who on - ludden wereput to the worif :but by thecoming 
 oiNumerim Decinnu{'i. Samnit)with fuccour,tbe fight was recaorced and renewed. This man, 
 rot only nobly def.ended, but alfo of great power and WeaJth, asv^eilin Bovia'wmWi^ native 
 Country,where he was born, as throughout ail Sammum '^ by orderand commandment Iromthe 
 
 jvDidator)came with a power of 8000 foot,and 2cohorfe,roward the Camp: and being efpicd by 
 ^ww/Z^i/onthebackfide, gave both parties good hope of frefii and new aid. But when thevoi.e 
 wentjthatf^^«/at the fame time was coming alfo from Rome^ ^-■;j;j/Wfor fear of being entrap- 
 ped within fome Ambufli, retired back with his own men, and the Romans made purfuit alter 
 him; and with the helpof A^«wfr;«/theSamnit,woninoneday br for.e two fortrefles.So there 
 were 6000 enemies nain,and 5000 Romans. And yet as equal in a manner as tnelofs was otboth 
 parts, the rumour ran to ^ow? of a brave victory . with letters alio in poft from the General of 
 horfemen/ull offolly and vanity. Muih arguingthere was and debate about thefe mattefs^both in 
 Senate,and before the people fundry times. And when all the City behdes was joyous, and the 
 Diftator (alone)gave no credit either to the bru't that was blazed,or the letters ; faying withall, 
 
 £ That if all were true,yet he feared more the fawning than frowning of fortune: then M. Aleul- 
 /«/ a Tribune of the Commons (Pepped torthandfaid, " That this above all was not to be fiiffe- TheTpfechof 
 " red : that the Diftator, not only while he lay in Camp-.oppofed hImfeU agalnft all goodnefs, and Meietlm a- 
 "Ifained all valorous fervicc; but alfo being abfent from thcnce,croffcd and difgraced that which g»'"" ''•'^•'•**« 
 " was well done and worthily atchieved:and that he,of purpofe> drew the war in length and pro- 
 *' longed thetime to the end he might continue the longer in government, and be the man alone 
 *' to command all. both in the City and abroad in the Army : for one of theConfuls wasflainin 
 *' battel,the other under a pretence & colour of purfuing the Carthaginian fleet, was fent out of the 
 " way,fjr enough off from ItAly. as for the two Praetors, they were employed both In Sicily and 
 " Sardinia- and yet neither of thofetwo Provinces had any need of a L.Dcputy there. And Ai. 
 
 j: " Mitiutius Generall otthe horfemen,was kept prifoner as it vvere,and might neither fee enemy, 
 "nor do any martial exploit. And hereupon It is(quoth he)that not only J'.!w..-«w(' whereof the 
 " pofTelTion wasfurrehdred unto theCaithaginlans, as if it were a territory lying beyond Iberns) 
 "•but the Campane, Calene, and Falern territories were utterly overrun and vvaRed, whiles the 
 '■ Diftator abode ftill at Cufilinum-, and with the legions of the people of Rom defended his own 
 " lands Scpoffefiions only. And when the Army and Generalof the Cavalry weredefirous ofbat- 
 " tel they were kept back enclofed in a manner within thecompafs oftheCamp ;?>: their weapons 
 *' taken from themjas if they hadbeen captlveenemies : Sc at length when the Diitator was once 
 *' departed Irom themjthey iffued forth of the Camp like men dehveredfrom fie^e, £^ fo difcom- 
 " fited & put to flight their enemies. In conhderation of all thefe things,(he faidjii the Common's 
 
 G " of Rome were ot that courage as fomctirnes they had been he would boldly have put up a bil foic 
 '' to deprive C. Tubias of his government. But now for this time, he would propound a more in- 
 *' different Sc reafonable law, by vertue whetof the Commander ofhorfemenmay be made equal 1 
 " with theDiflator in authority and power. Yet fo, as that 0\ Fahias might not be fent unto the 
 *• Army, before that he had fuolHtuted Sc ordained another Cof. in the room olC.tlammmf.'YhQ. 
 Di6\atorforbare altogether tocomeintoany ofthefe allemblles of the people, as a man in a£ti- 
 bnand pleading nothing popular.and who framed nothimfelftothehumor ofthe common peo- 
 pkjNeiiherwasheiti the Senate houfe heard with patience, at what time as he either magnified 
 
 It -i and
 
 262 J he wo and twentieth Boo\ojT\M\\xs. 
 
 and extolled the valour of the enemy; or rehearfed & reckoned op the lofles and foils received for H 
 two years fpacejthrough therafhnefsand unskilfubefs of the Commanders : and faid withalljthac 
 the Generalof the horfemen was to anfwer and give account for fighting againft his edi6t and ex- 
 FahiM his pj-gf^ Commandment.'-'- Moreover, (quoth he^if 1 were in place of foveraign rule and government) 
 words in ths a o^ to do all according as I thought good, I would effect and bring to pafs, within few daies-.that 
 Scn»tc. (c j^gj^ I'hould know, that a good warrior was to make fmall reckning of fortune: but wirdom,vvit, 
 
 " and counfcl were to guid and direit all. And for mine own part,Ideem it a great honor & glory 
 "to have prefervedan army ina time of trouble and danger from fhame and ignominy, thanto 
 , *■ have {lain many thou'ands of enemies. After he had made thefe and fuch like Ipeeches &; reafons 
 in vain, and created for Cof, '.I.Attitms Refulns-Aox. that he would not be prefent to debate the I 
 queltionconierning the right and authority of his own government, he departed by night ieafon 
 toward the army ; even the very day before that the forefaid law fhould be propounded. The 
 morning came and the commons were aflembled to an audience : wherein men feemed rather fe- 
 cretly in their hearts to mali:ethe Diftator,!?: toaffe6tard favour the General of the horfemen, 
 ihandurft come forth and be leen to perfwade and fetforward that which pleafed them all in 
 common. And not withftanding the bil was exceedingly well liked of;yet there wanted one togive 
 fome credit and aiithority thereunto. At length,one (f epped forth to fet it onfoot; namely, C. Te- 
 roitiHsV.i-ro.y^'ao the year before had been Prstor, a man not only of obfcure degree by calling, 
 but alfo of vile Sibafe parentage defccnded.His father was(as they fay)a Butcher, who keptfhop 
 and fold meat himfelf, and trained up his fon as his apprentice in the lame mechanical and fervile K 
 occupation. This f^^rra being a young man,and well left by his father (who was grown rich -and 
 gained greatly by histrade)gave his mind and conceived lome hope to live more gentlemanlike: 
 and took a great liking to the common placejand-pleading at the bar •• cxerciling himfelf in enter- 
 taining caufes of bafe perfons,againlf the ellate and name of honelf Citizens and of good reputa- 
 tion: by means whereof he grew to be known among the peop!e,and afterwards was advanced to 
 place ofworfhipand honour. And havingbeenTreafurer of the City, and born both yEdiiefhips, 
 as well that ofthe Chair, asthe other of the Commons: 3 hd at length gone through onePri- 
 torf}iip,heafpired now higher in hope to be Conful: and 'n'.l craftily waited his time, and fought 
 to wind himlelf within the favor of the people.by mean.-, ofcheill opinion and hard conceit they 
 had of the Dictator; & thus he alone went away with all the iffirit'onate love of the Commons. I 
 All men that were either at Rom(-,OT in the Army, both good and bad, in general (excepting the 
 Dictator himfe;f)received and admitted that bill, as made to hi^ dilgrace and (hameful reproach. 
 But he with the very fame gravity and conflan y of heart-endured thefe injurious courfe Sc dea- 
 ling of the people raging againft him, wherewith he had born his adverlarie'; flanderingSc char- 
 ging him before the multitude: and having received in the w^y as he juurnied, letters importing 
 thedecree of the Senatior di\ iding his authority equally with the Gener.ii of the horfemen, ana 
 being affured that not withrtanding his commiiTion were parted and commiinicared with anothef, 
 yet hisskillandfufficiency ofcondudf: andtommand remained ftill with himfe!f;vvith amindin- 
 vindble as well againlt Citizens as enemies, he returned to the army. But Minmius-, who before 
 thattimewashardly to be endured, both for his fortunate fucccfs and alfofor thefavourof the M 
 common fort;novv verily beyond all meafure and bounds of modeffyjvaunted and gloriedjn that 
 had conquered & got the maHery overf<?^/«j3S well as over Annibal-y- That Vabins{\ fayjwho 
 *' in time of diftrefs and calamity, was the only vvarriorand Captain that could be found out to 
 *■ match Annrlal- that the fuperior M.igilfrate was by the confent & approbation of the people, 
 *' (a thing never to be found in any record of Chronicles ) m.idebui even equal with theinferi* 
 <' or; to wit the Didhtor with theCeneral ot horfemen: and in that City, wherein the Comman- 
 *'ders of the Cavalry were wont to quake and tremble at the rods and axes of theDid^ator. So 
 *'confpicuousard evident in theeies of the world,was his felicity and prowefs above all others. 
 And therefore minded was he to follow his own fortune,and to take his time: in cafe theDidfa- 
 *' tor ftill continued ;ingringinfloth andidlenefs, condemned in the judgment both of God and N 
 *' man.Wheriipon the veryfirft d.iy that he &: Fahins were met togetherhefaid that they were a- 
 bove all thing!^ to determined fet down in what fort they might order this their equal authority 
 of government. He for his part thought it befl. that each other day(or if longer time betw-een 
 were ruppofedbetter)they fhould one after the other alternatively have the full and whole com- 
 mand of all for the time in theirfev eral turns: that if any occafion of fighting a battel were prefen- 
 led, they might be able to countervail the enemy, not only in connfeU but alfo in power and 
 ftrengih. Qj'hiw liked not of this ; fnppofing th?t whatfoever lay in the hands and difpofiiion 
 of his raflicollegue maft needsbefubjedi unto the arbitrement ofFortune:Siying moreover un- 
 to him '■' That he was indeed to impart unto him government and rule but not wholly to depart 
 " therefro,and (hut himfelf out. And therefore he would never willingly fail,but(to his power^ o 
 "manage by counfel and difcretion one part or other : neither would he divide with him either 
 '■ time or daies,but the forces and armies : that Mimtius might have one moyty,and him 'elf ano- 
 "ther:&: lincc he might not preferveallby his owncounfel & policy,yei he would endeavour(lo 
 **far ashecould;to fave fomewhat. And fo much he prevailed.that they parted the Legions be- 
 tween them,as the manner of the Confuls w»s. The firrt and fourth fell to Minmiw^ the fecond 
 and third to Tabtus. In like manner they divided the horfemen number for number and the auxi- 
 liary fouldiers of Allies and Latines, The Generall of the horfemen would needs likewifethat 
 they {hould be encamped al'under. Anmkd
 
 The tw 'J and twentieth Boo\of T.Li vius. 3 (^3 
 
 ^ Annihd Conceived hereupon a two-fold joy, ( for he was not ignorant of all that was done 
 among the enemies, partly by intelligence given him from thence by fugiciies, and party by- 
 means of his own efcouts and Ipies,) tor he made this reckoning, both that he Hiould deal weli- 
 enoiifh with thelavifli raflinefs of Mmutius-, and handle him in his kind ; and alfo chat the pru- 
 dent policy of Fabim was abridged and diminifiied by the one half. Now there was a lictie hill 
 between the Camp oi' Afi;:!.'nus and the Carthaginians: and no doubt there was, but that lie 
 who could g.nn it aforehand fiTOiild have the vantage of [he cncmy,in regard of the ground. That 
 -hill Annth,;l\'vn% not fo dehrons to get without skirmifli,;& yet it had beer, a matcer ofgocd im- 
 portance)a5 wifing thereby to give fome occafion of fighting and fcuflling with /i/; ;?«(/«;, whom 
 
 Tj he wil't very v/ell to be aiwaiei forward enough to encounter him and maUe reiif'ancc. The plain 
 ail between, fccmed atthefirft fght nothing commodious nor good for men that would lay an 
 ambufliment, becaufe it was neither over-grown with any woods, ncr yet in any part ronghiy 
 over-ipread and covered jb much as with briers and brambles. But in very deed, the ground was 
 naturally made for to cover and hide an Ambiifcado: and therather, becaule in lo naked >vnd 
 bare a valley, none would have imsgined and fufpeiffed any deceirrul trains, and loTela\ing of wait. 
 And yet there were in divers nooks and corners thereof 'crtain hollow ro.ks and caves,^ and 
 iome of them of fufficient capacity to receive :oo armed men, Inthefe lurking holes there wcie 
 beltowed 50COofhorfemenard footmen one with anorl:er,fome in oneplace.lomein another, 
 according as they might commodioufly lie there clol'eiy hidden. And yet, leil that the (iirting of 
 Q any one that might chance to go forth unadvifedly or the glitrering of armour, rh.ould bewray 
 the train^• in fo open a valley, Anyabd by ferdin^ outatthebreak of day Iome few (or to-leize 
 the atorefaid hil!, withdrew the eyes of his. enemies anotherway, Thefe at the firu view were 
 defpifed of the Romansfor their fmallnumbJer, and every man was dcfrous tobedoing.v\ich 
 them< end their fingers itched fortofet the cnemi^^ back, and drive them from then:e. The 
 General himfelf Mt-nutius^ asfooi-hardy and forward as he that was mod, founded the al- 
 arm and commanded to go to the winning of the place, braving and threatning ot the enemie."? 
 full vainly. FirPr, he fent fnrth his light armed men to sk'rmifn, but afterwards, the Cornets 
 of horfemen, fetclofe and joindy together in array : and at thelaft, feeing the enemies Icconded 
 with new fuccoursand fnpp!ies,be advanced forward himfelfwith his Legions in orderot battel, 
 
 pv And Annibul, wherefoe'.er he perceived his men to be dillrefled, made out continual irefli aides 
 one after another, bcth ofhorfe andfoot,ever as thefightencreafed and grew hotter : foasnow 
 he had his full army in field, and they maintained battel on both fides with all their power and 
 main forces. Firft,the light armed Romans, notwithftanding the difad vantage of the ground ^de- 
 firoustogetup againlf the hill, ^poflefl'ed aforehand of the enemy ) were put back, and beaten 
 down again: iniomuch as in their retire, they put the horfemen in (ear that followed hard upon 
 them, and fled for refuge to the Enfigns of the Infantry. The main batteil of the Legionary 
 footmen, among all thereffthat were affrighted, only remained without fear, undaunted ; and 
 feemedina plain, let, and downright field without ambulli, likely enough to have held their 
 own,and innorefpedf tohavebeen over-matched ; fo couragious they wete. and had takenfuch 
 
 £ heart upon their late vicf:ory, fome few dales before. But the enemies ibrting fuddenly out of 
 their Ambufcadoes, fo troubled, difordered, and terrified them, flanking them on both i:des,and 
 charging wirhall behind , that neither their heart ferved any of them to fight, nor their hope re- 
 mained 10 fly and efcape away. Then F.^.bins hearing the firft cry- and knowing thereby that they 
 were in great fear, and feeing befides a far off their battell difordered and indifarr.iy, " I thought 
 *' even as much fquoth he) and nofooner than Ifearcd^itisfallenouc: Fortune I fee well, hath 
 "ovcr-raughtfool-h.irdinefs and taken ir tardy. The man, forfooth, that muft needs be m.-de e- 
 "quall with F^ifo.-j in government, feethbythis time, that ^^j^i^^/ishisgoodM.ider, & hisbe- 
 " lerby ods inprowels and fortune: but we fh all find out fome other time to chide and to be an- 
 *'gry,Come onnow. forth with yourdandards and enf^gns, let us wrefl: from our enemies hands 
 
 p " the viftory,and wring from our Citizens mouths confeiTion qftheirerrour and crefpafs, NovV' 
 when fome of them were flain and otherslookedabout which way to make efcape and fiie: la- 
 /'/■«/ with his forces fbewed himfelf , as fent down from hea\ en to refcue them. And beforehe came 
 to lance one javelin, or began to joyn battell and fight one flroke, hcnot only flaid his fellows 
 from running away, but aifo his enemies from further heat of fight. As many of the Roman.s 
 as were disbanded and fattered afnnder all abroad, repaired again fpeedily from all paa.s, and 
 rallied themfclvcs to theentire battell : the red who by whole troops had turned their backs, 
 made head aeain upon ihe enemy : and one while giving ground ;.nd retiring by Tutlc and little, 
 another while fcanding ma ring.ind round together lledMft, kept this ordcrby turns: 'o as now, 
 both they ih-t were difcomfitcd, andthofe that were unfoiled becam.e reduced into rnc body 
 
 G of a batteil. and advanced their enfgns againll the enemy. By v\hich time An iha! ;oi;[;ded 
 the retreat, and openly confeffed andlaid that as he bad v anquiflicd yVfinutmu fo he was toiled 
 and overcome oiFabiax. Thus when themore part of the day was fpent with variable fortune, 
 and all retired ag.in to their C.imps, Mhrntlus called togetber his fouldiers, andfp.ike nnto' then 
 after this m inner:' I have oftentimes heard itfpoken (my i'ood fouldicrs^tlMt hei^ thebefim.ra 
 '-and moll fulfi.ient^ who knoweth himfelf what is bell to do: next to him is heefieemed- that 
 '< will be ruled and direiledbvf'geadii.e&connfehbut he that neither hath the skill to advi'e.in- 
 '■ other nor the grace to beadviled by anbthcr, is hmply of the worft nature^&good for nothing. 
 
 li 7 Since
 
 964 
 
 J he mo and nventietb Boo^o/T.Livius. 
 
 His Tpeech to 
 tbc Dilator, 
 
 Zerbi. 
 
 •18751! ftcr, 
 according to 
 the Icfler At- 
 lick t»icnt. 
 
 • M*yfall3. 
 
 '• Since that we therefore are not Co happy as to attain unto the higheft degree of wit, and per- 1{ 
 " fe£tion of nature, let us content our felves with the fecond place, and keep a mean between : 
 " and whiles we iearn to ru:e, let us fettle our lelves and refolve to obey him that is wifer than 
 " our felves. Letus joyn in Camp withF^/^/^^. and when wehaveprefented our felves and our 
 <^ enlicns before his pavilion and tribunal, fee that when I faiutehimby the name of Father (as 
 " is befeeminghis excellent: majeliy and the benefit by us of him received) that ye ahocall thole 
 " fouldiers your Patrons, whole valiant hands and trufiy arms erewhile protected you : that this 
 t« day may give us yetJf nothing elfe,the honour and name of thankful perfons.Having thus faid, 
 hegave commandment to pack up bag and baggage and to diflodge:and as they marched in good 
 array toward the Camp of the Ditlator, they Utuck both him and alfo all about him into a won- I 
 der and admiration. And having pitched their enligns before the Tribunal: then Mumtiiii theGe- 
 neral of the horfe went forth before the relf : and after he had greeted Icabm himfelf as his Father, 
 and the whole Army like wife fainted thofe about f.t^;w, by the name of Patrons : '-To my pa- 
 " rents(quoth he) O Di6lator,unto whom 1 have made you equall in name oiily (as mu^h as my 
 <« tongue will giveme leave)I am bound and beholden for my own lite only and no more : but to 
 " you'l am indebted for laving both my li^e, and al thefe here.The Ac^l therefore and ordinance 
 "of the Commons which hath been a clog and buiden to merather than an honour, here of my 
 "felflrenouncejtevoke, andabolii'h :and(thac which I pray God may prove to the good both 
 "ofyou and me, of mine army and yours as well that whuh ispreferved as that which is the pre- 
 " ferver) lo 1 fubmit and furrender again my feif under your command and government, together K 
 " with thefe enfigns and legions thereto belonging ; befeeching you co pardon me, and toenter- 
 '' tain me in the room of the General of the Cavalry, and thole here v\ith me, every man in his 
 *' former place. Then interchangeably they gave their hands one to another : and the fouldiers 
 (after the aflembly difmiffed) werecurteoully invited, and friendly entertained as well by them 
 that were unknown unto them as oftheir acquaintance, and fo the day, dolorous-, heavy ^andal- 
 moft dilmall and accurfed- turned to be joyful and fell iva!. 
 
 So foon as tidings came to i?o»jif of thefe occurrents, and the fime confirmed as well by the 
 letters of the Generals themfelves, as alfo by the common voice of fouldiers from both Armies, 
 every man, the befthecould,praiied and extolled ^^.v;w»j up to the sky J whofe honourandre- 
 put.iticnwas asgreat in the opinion of^wwi-^/andthe Carthdt:inians,for then and never before, L 
 they to.incthatthey bad todeai and warin Italy ard with Romans. As forthetv\c> years fpace 
 before. thev fet fo liiiht both by Roman Captair . ,d iouldiers that they could be hardly perfwa- 
 ded thatthej warred with that No on, vvht^ cot there went lo great a fame, and of whom their 
 forcfiiacrs had reported fu^ h wonders and terrible things. They fay alfo, that AumbaUs here- 
 turned out of the fit.d jgave out thefe words, " That the clovd which fetled on the hill tops,ho- 
 " veiedfo long in the wind. that itproveda tempelluousllorm in the end. 
 
 Whiles thefe things were doing in Ir^ily, ( ». ServdinsGemi usthe Conful, having failed about 
 the coafls of Surdima and Co^nai with his fleet, r.nd received hollages boih of the one Ifle and 
 the other,palTed over into Ajfnckj and before that he landed in the t ominent and firm land,he 
 walled the Ifland ' Memnx-, and having recei\ ed * ten talents of hlvcr of the inhabitants there- M 
 about, for fearlelf their Territory alfo fhould be confumed with fire and fpoiled as well as the 
 refl; hecameto ^-/jfr/f^, and there fet his forces aniore. From thence he led his fouldiers and 
 marriners likevA/ife one with another disbanded .ind out oforder,as if they were to rob and fpoil 
 fome defart l(lands,unpeopled and cold of Inhabitants.Whereupon they fell unad vil'edly into an 
 ambufh,and being unskilfull of the country.and therewith bin few andicattered,they were foon 
 cncloled among many, and withmuch {laughter and fliamefulflight were driven and beaten back 
 to their fhips.The fleet thus having lolf a thoufarxl men, and one Treafurer of the Army among 
 thetn,called5fwprow»/ BUfm-, loofed in great haftefrom thefhore( which now wasoverfpread 
 by enemies)and held their courfe ioi Sicily^ and at ' L-hh&:im was let over and delivered to f.Oi- 
 tacil.ifsthc Pr2tor,for to be brought back again to Rome^ by P.Sura his Lieutenant. (7». Servilnis N 
 himfelf journeyed through Sicily by land and crofled the narrow feas into Italy : for both he and 
 his Collegue M. AtttLus were fent for by the letters of FJans. to receive the Army at his hands, 
 now that his fix-months-foveraign government was well near expired. All the Annals in a man- 
 ner do record, that frf/^^/.-.'/ was the man, who during his Diftatorfhip, fought and waged war 
 vjkh yl>7ntl>^il. fff/m^wrltethalfo, that he was created Didtator by the people. But both fcrZ/w^ 
 and the rcf},either knew not or elfe forgotjthat the Conful Servilius-,who then was far i'romRomey 
 and in the Province of Fra>icc, had the lawful right and authority only to nominate a Didtator : 
 andbecaufe the City fo affrighted, by reaion of that notable overthrow could not Ray fo long, 
 they were driven to this fliift. That there fhould be created by the people a Pro-Diflatoror Di- 
 £latorhis Deputy. But the noble a6ls and glorious renown of that General, together with theo 
 title ol his Image, which might recommend his houfe more honourable to pofterity,gainedeah- 
 ly this point,and caufed the Pro-Di£lator to be reputed Didator.and fo called. 
 
 The Confuls, TA Attiltus Rer-ilus-i and Cn.Servilins Geminus, h-aving received the army ( as is 
 beforefaid ) fortified in good time the places for wintering harbour ( for it was then the Autumn 
 I'eafon) conduilcd and mannaged the wars together in great concord,and followed the lame poli- 
 
 I 
 
 tick courfe that F^^.'/!.f had done before them, 
 coriij they would meet him jull at every turn, 
 
 For as Annihal made rodesiatany timeto purvey 
 in fundry placeSj and either cut oft the tail of his 
 
 men.
 
 The tn?o and mentieth BooJ^of T.Livius. o6< 
 
 Amen, or intercept and catch them as they went fcatterinq, but never hazard aliin one fet field ; 
 the only thing that the enemy (lioc atjby all the mejns he could devile. And lb near driven was 
 An»iUl,ir\d to thole terms of want and icarcicy, th.u but for very fiiame (left by bis dillodging 
 and departure he might bethought to flic ) he would have retired back imo G.illi^-, as being 
 out cf ail hope to maintain and fuRain his Army with viiluals in thofc parts, in cafe the new 
 Confulswho next iucceeded, lliould hold on Hill the fame policy and manner of warfare. Win- 
 ter now approachedjand ail the war that was.conclnucd and rciied abouc " Gcrio.- : ^t what time » d. >w/rf, 
 there arrived at i?o»;f Embafladours from A^/7p/o-, who brought with them, and prefcmed into The Kmbaifa- 
 the Council-Houfe, forty malTie boles ot beaten gold : and withall delii ercd this fpeech .and laid, .''"',* "* ^di'ict 
 
 g'' That they knew full well, how theTreafureot the people of ^o»;e was wailed and confomed '^^/^'^ ^"^"-'^ 
 " by long wars. And foralmuch as the faid wars were maintained, as wellfor the defence of the *" '*"'^*' 
 " Cities and Lands of allies, as for Rome^ the very head, mother City, and principail Citadel (as ic 
 *' vvere)of all /ta/jf^and for the fovcraign dominion and Empire thereof uheNeapolicans cnoiighc 
 " it meet and reafon, that what (fore of gold their ancelloishndiefcunto them, were k for to a- 
 "dorn and deck theml'elves, ortorelie^e them in time ot need andnecc/Tity, with Jt they were 
 *'toaidand helpthe people of A(;wf in their adverfity. And iftheycoiild have bethought them- 
 " felves of any other means bciides, wherein they might He;id and befrier.d them they would as 
 " willingly and Irankly have made prefentment thereof: faying, moreover, chat the Senators of 
 **^o«»^fhouiddo themanhigh pleafure, if they would make account of all that the men of IVn- 
 
 Q ";)/f/hadjas their own; and judge them worthy, at whofe hands they would vouchfa^'e to accept 
 ''aprefent- much greater, and more precion-, in regard of the mind and affection of the givers 
 " than the fubdance and value uf the thing. TheEmbaffadors were highly thanked, as wellfor 
 their liberality and munificen,e,asitr the tare they had of thcm:and chat boll was only received 
 which weighed leaf!:. 
 
 About the fame time, a Cartbiginian fpy, who for two years fpace had walked unknown 
 and unlijl'peded, was detefled and apprehended now at Rome: and after hishands vvereci c 
 off, was fuffered to depart. Five and twenty fla.es werecru.ified tor a confpiracy concrived in 
 Can: fits A£ir[im.Thc intormer vva"? m.dc :ree and h>id ' 200; c pound of brafs buUion given him » (^ pound *. 
 for a reward. There were alio fenc EmbalTadors to Pri/ip K ngo; the Macedonians, to demand fli .s/d,ftefl. * 
 
 jj 3^a.in Demetrius Pharitts, who tiaving been vanquifliedinpLiin held, was fled unto him. Others 
 likewife weredifpatchedtotncLig'uians, as weh toexpoflulitewithtnem and complain, that 
 chey had fuccoured Anmhd with men . money a./J other munition : zi aLo to hearken and le^rn 
 (feeing they were fo near ) what the Boians and infnbrians did or went about. Behdes-, a third 
 Embaflage was addrelTed as far as to * Ulyricrr.i^ unto King Pmtns-^ to enquire and call for the * ScUvoim 
 Tribute, whereof the term was expired and paft; and it he were minded to take a longer day, 
 than to receive hoftages and pledges of him for fecuri.y. See howcarethllthe Romans were,and 
 what a provident eye they had^notwithif anding the great war which lay heavily upon their neck.i 
 and flioulders, to their other affairs: infomuch as no one thing in the world, how diliant and 
 remote foever, was by them neglected. But as concerning rehgion, and Chureh matters, they 
 
 £madefome fcrupleof confcience, that the Temple ot Concord (\y\\i<:\\ L. ^^J.«;,L. Deputy in 
 Gallia, had vowed two years betore in time of a lediiion and mutiny of fouldiers) was not as yet 
 fet out to workmen for to be builtor edified accordingly. And therefore two Duumvirs were 
 for that purpofe created by &,mylitu the Pr2cor,orL.Governourof the City namely, C-. /^vp;- 
 «i, iodCafo Q^Htntius t'lamiKttis: who gave order, that the Temple fliould be built upon the 
 Capitollhill. The iamcPrxtor, by vertue of a decree of the Senate, lent his letters unto the 
 Confuis, importing thus much, That if they thought good, one ot them lliould repair to /^jwe 
 for the creation of new Confuis ; and that himfelf would fumrhon the Parliament againil that 
 day which it fhould pleafe them to appoint. The Confuis wrote back again according to the 
 premifes. That they might not depart fariromthe enemy without damage of State: advihng 
 
 F them tohold an aflembly fortheEleitionaforetaid. by authority of aninterregent, rather than 
 that one of the Confuis fliouldbecaLed away from, the wars.ButcheLL.of the Senate thought 
 it bettertohaveaDid^atorchofen by one of the Confuis, for the holding of that high Court 
 of Parliament. So L.l^eturiits Philn, was nominated Didator, andhechole tor Generall of the 
 Horlemen Al.Pom-ponitts Matho. But the;e men being not duly and lawfully created were com- 
 manded at the fortnights end to give over their places, and then the matter grew to an Tnter- 
 reign.The Confuis had their Commilhon, for government and conduit of the Army, continued 
 and confirmed lor one year longer. 1 he Senators named tor Intcrregcnt?, firli C-'.-CLud'taConoi 
 the fon of Afptus ; and after him, P. Cornelius AftKa. During whole Interreign, the Parliamenc 
 was holden, with much contention and debatebetweenthe Nobles and theCommon:. The 
 
 G Vulgar people endeavoured CO advance unto the ConfulfhipC. Teref.tins Vnrro^ a man of their 
 own coat and condition, one crept into good liking and favour with the common fort by oppo- 
 finghimfeUand contel^ingagainll great perl'onagcs, and by other popular pradifes and ccurfes 
 that he ufed to win grace among the people; as namely, byabafmg thegreainefs of F-i/-'/«/, and 
 iheMajeflyof theDidatorfl-iip : for nothing was there clfc in him, to commend him to the 
 worldjbut a malicious mind to bring others into difgrace. The Nobles withlfood the Commons 
 all they couldjco prevent this mifchief; That men fliould not take a cullometobc their equals, 
 by means ot inveighing and making head againlf them, Bibins Hircr.y.nts a Tribune of the Com- 
 mons,
 
 7 he wo and twentieth B^ol^o/T.Livius, 
 
 Tlic Oration 
 
 oiBibius He- 
 rc7i:iitii fri- 
 bune. 
 
 mons, andkinfmantoC. T'erewf/w^, blamed and accufed much noc only the Senate, biitalfothe^ 
 A-Ugurs, in that they forbad the Dii\.itor to finiQi and go through with the election .• and lb by 
 drawing them into hatred, I'ought to pnrchafe favour and credit imto Tcrcnuus his Candidate, 
 who Hood to be Conful."" Firft quoth he)whereas the Noblemen for many years together/oughc 
 " occaiions of war.at^d trained Ann^brd'iTMo /f/r/7,therame perfons cr.iftily have made a long war 
 "ofitjWhen it might have been brought to a final end before novv. A'fo, when it was well leen 
 *' that ihey might have fought a battel with the compleat power of four legions all together;feeing 
 '' that M .Aitnuthts in the abfence of Eabim had a lucky day: two legions only and no more,were 
 " offered andexpofed as it were to the enemy to be hewn in peeces : and then afierwards, they 
 " were refcued and faved from maffacre^ and the very edge of thelwoid : to the end that F^i/'/;;^ £ 
 " might be called Father and Patron: even he .who to fay a truth,fir!! impeached the Romans for 
 "vanquifhing the enemies, before that he faved them from being vanquiflied. Moreover, the 
 "Confuls that fuccceded, following the fame courfe and artificiaii fetches that f 4^.7« pra- 
 <•' (Stifed before them, drew out the war flill on length, when they had gocd means otviclory, and 
 " might have fully finiflied it. A complot(no doubt) contrived and concluded among all thcNo- 
 "b'es. Andnever will they fee to make an end of war, before there be a Ccnfulchofen, a meet 
 " Commoner indeed, to wit, a man never fe^n afore, and of the firft head. Forthofewhoare of 
 *' Commoners now made noble, are all alike and of the famepro^ellion ; they draw all in one 
 " line.and have learned one lefTon; and ever fince that they have left tobecontemned oftheNo- 
 "bility, are fain to defpife and disdain the Commonalty. Forwhofeethnot, that infeekingto K 
 " have an Interreign. their only purpose and reach was that the Eledfion might be full and wholly 
 " in the power and ordering of the Nobles ? That was the thing which the Confuls aimed at, in 
 *' If aying behind in Camp with the Army:& atterwards when therewas a Diifator created againfl: 
 '-their wills for to hold the great aflembly for the Eleiti on, their drift was. and they wrought lo, 
 "andbroughtit about in the end, that the Augurs fhouldgiveitoutand pronoun. e, that there 
 *• was anerrour committed in creation of theDi6fator,And therefore.faith he,the Commonscan- 
 " not of all things away with theie Interreigns : and veriiy, one of the Confulfhips (at leaft) ap- 
 "■ pertain of right to the Commont;of AV;w£:and no donbc^rhepeope in their free cleft ion would 
 " more willingly make choice of one to be Confni, and confer the dignity upon him , that loved 
 " rather to win the victory at once.than to continue comminder in the Army a longtime.When L 
 the Commons were once enkindled and fee on fire witfi thefe fpeeches and remonllances, albeit 
 three of the PatritH were competitors namely Fuhrr.rnelms A-ierencU. L.Miiyiims T^o/found M. 
 R^mylitts Lefidus, and two* new Noblemen, who were already familiar and aquainted with the 
 Commons,to wii.C.Attiliuj Serrams ,andQ^/£l'Hs /'<ef«/,of whom the one had been High Prieff^ 
 and the other Augur : yet at length was C.J ereMius only created Confni to the end that the ele- 
 lei5lion fliould be in his power,that he might choofe unto him a Collegue at his pleafure. Then 
 the Patritians having a fufficienttryallsthat their Candidates and Competitor? were of fmall force 
 and notable to prevail, urged and put forward L.yF.wy/z.v^ /'<?■.-/».;, who fometimes had been 
 Conful with Af. Ldli-'t^ in the condemnation as well of himfelf as of his companion, efca- 
 ped theperil of being burnt and was weli finged and fcorched, as it were in the fire: a man of all M 
 others mo!! milchievoufly bent againflthe Commons: him theyur£;ed,Ifay,to fland for aCon- 
 fulfhip notwithdanding he refufed a long whilc,and alledged many reafons againft it. And fo the 
 next Comitiall or Parliament day,by occafion that all the concurrents and competitors afo; efaid 
 that Hood with F.:rro. gave placeand left oft'their fuit, he was chosen to mat;h with the Conful 
 elefffor to thwart and crofs him, rather than to be alTiflant unto him indie government. This 
 done they proceeded to thceledVion ol- Prerors wherein A^. Pompr^ins Maibo, And P.FariHS 
 Phi/ttswcic created, Unto Pomponius fell by lot the jurifdiifion within the City of RoT^ie: and un- 
 to P.Furius Phi/tis-,hctviC£r) the Citizens oi Rome sad forreiners.Two other Praetors befides were 
 chofen, Ai.Cl.iud/sts Marcellns^ to be fent L.Depnty into Sicdy-, and L. Poflhnmius Albums into 
 Qalha. All were created in their abfence, and excepting T<r^Mf/,-/r the Conful only there was no M 
 Magiftracy conferred upon any-, who had not aforetime born and exercifcd the fare : for divers 
 valorous and hardy men werepaffed over and left out, becaufe in fuch a time of trouble, it was 
 not thought good to preferany man to a government, wherein he was raw and unexperienced. 
 The Armiesalfo were augmented; but to what proportion they arofe- either in Cavalry, or In- 
 fantry, 1 dare not fet down any thing for certainty ; fogreatly do author; vary both in the num- 
 ber and qualityoftheforccs,.,Sometay.,thcre wasa newfupplvof loooofouldiers enrolled, O- 
 t! ersaflirm that to the five legions there were were ad joyned four new befides, to the end they 
 might employ ninelcgions in the wars, Alfn. that the legions were increafed in numberboth 
 of foot and horfc: to wit,with the addition of one thoufand footmen and three hundred horfe- 
 , .. men in every Legion: I lor fometime before, a Lcjvon contained 4C00 foot, and 2CO horfe, cal- o 
 icadaTa^mar- '^d 0/<.?^/r/;frt /(?^;o : whereas at firR ,^flw«/?</ ordained it to be :; coo of the one, 3nd;5coofthe 
 inal note. other |fo .is a I.cgion coniift cd now of five thoufard " oc, and three hundred horfe: and that the 
 affociats (liould double the number of horfemenjand find even proportion of footmen with the 
 Romans. 
 
 Some Hiflorians hu'c v^rirren. th.-,t atwhattimeas the batrell of r,r;-»»<c was fought, theRo- 
 mans vvere in Camp 87200 flrong.But in this they ail agree, that the Rom ins warred with grea- 
 ter preparation, and more force and fury than in years paftj becaufe theDiftatorhad put them 
 
 in 
 
 » [S'JcVi as by 
 delcenc and 
 birth were 
 pure Commo. 
 ncrSjbucby 
 pbce,b»co.-ne 
 ottlicNobili- 
 
 i 
 
 All within
 
 The tn>r> andtn^entieth Bool^of T.Livius. '^6j 
 
 A in good hope, that the enemy might be vanquilLed and lubdikd at once. Bui before th-^t thefe 
 new Legions advanced under their eniigns and banners oucofthe City, the Decemvirs wereccm- 
 manded to go and perufe the hooks of Sibylla i by reafon that men were commonly put in rci^r, 
 and terrified with news ot Itringe fights and prodigious tokcns.For the rumour wertjthac both 
 at Rome in the Aventine-iit)A al(o at Aricn%.^\t raintd riones,much about one lime ; and that in the 
 Sabins Country (which no doubt portended a great mafl'acre and flaurhter^ ih^ic iilued out of a 
 certain founiain,watershot,with much bloud-* and men were more terrified therewith, betaufe 
 ic did fo many times together. Beiidesjin the flreec called Fornicua toward Gz».'^//j- Af.atiuj.d'v- 
 versperfons were blalied andfmittentodeadi with lightning from heaven. Thcle prodigious 
 
 g ligns were expiate and purged with due remedies out of the forefaid books. Emball.dors abo 
 from the City of P^y^^w, brought unto /Jew? a prefent of malTie boles of beaten gold. Thanked 
 they were,like as the Neopolitans before themibut the gold was not received. 
 
 At the fame time there arrived at Ofiia from K.Hiero a fleet ot fl-iips^rcady riggcd,and fu:nil"hed The Emb'fTi- 
 with flore of viduals } The Syracuiian Embaffadors were brought into tbeSenate home, where ''"■^ "' '^.•f^"'- 
 ihey declared,^' That K.H>e:o fo foon as he heard ot the deich oiC.F/arKimie^s the Conful,and the of'^^'^j.^'"*"" 
 '•defeat of the Army, took it fo heavily, that nopropercalamity of his own or '.ofs incident unto 
 "his kingdom, could have troubled him more- and touched him nearer: and therefore albeit he 
 " knew full well,that the grandeur and courage of the people of Rar/ie,vja.s ordinarily more admi- 
 *' rablein their adverfity.ihaninprofperiiyand welf.xre yet he had lent all thole ibing.s -.Yhere- 
 
 Q " with good friendsand LiithfuU Allies are wont toturnilTi their aflociats in tirr.c ofwar praying 
 ''theLL.oftheSenat inany cafe not to refufe the fame, but to take all in good worth. And firit S: 
 " formolT for good luik fake and fortunate prefagcthey havebrougt.t with them the Im ige otTi- 
 " <Sf or/ in gold weighing 320 ' pound: requeuing thatit would p:eai"e them to accept thefame to » njiolib- 
 " have and tohoid it as their own for ever.Moreover,they had t;an. ported with them " ;oocoo (Icrl. 
 " Modios of wheat and 2cnoco ofb.^rley.to the end they fhouidbeatnofauRfor vi6tuals,and ' 9375 fl"».''- 
 " were ready moreover to bring in more according as they llioiiidneedj and to whit place they [f^^j^o^ji^o' 
 '• would appoint. A> tor footmen heavily armed and honemen heknew vve;ithe people ot Rome ^iidimnm, 
 *' would ule none but natural! Rom?.ns,or at lealtv\ife Latines. Butforalmu^h as he had icenand which isfup- 
 "oblcrved in the Roman Camp,torrein aidscontitting of light armed fouidiers, therefore he had ?'^^^ ^'^^ 
 
 rv'^'fent 1 000 Aa hers and Slingers, a mcci and competent power to match with the Bale, res and ^1^"/^''?''^^"^/ 
 "Mores andothernations that ufe fhoc, and to reach ttieir enemies afar off. Over end behdes hritc-tLoHdoa 
 '* thefe gifts and renll prefents,they couni'clJed and advifed them, that the Lord Deputy of Sicily weafuic. 
 "fliould pals with his flet^t into Affr'ck^ both to find the enemy work, ?nd give him his hands 
 "full ofwar at home : and ulo 'o afford him iefs re pire, and worfe opportunity, to lend aid and 
 *'fuccourto Anmb.il. The Senate returned thisaniwer again unto the King: That King hI:ero 
 *'haddonethepart of a right ijoodman.and .mngular friend and ally: who e.erlince that he was 
 *' entred into amity with the people of Rome- hath held on the fame courfedillj in keeping his 
 *' faithfull allegeance, and never failed but at all timesnnd ina'i pla>.es fuccoured and adi an i.d 
 "•the State and Empire of Rome^ with ail bounty and princely munificenie: -whii h the peopeof 
 
 £" /Jewetookmoft th:inktully,as in right thev ought, Asforgoid fome other Cities likewife had 
 "brought and offred unto thcm,hur accepting only in good vv<.rrh their kindnefs recei.cd it not. 
 '•'■ But the Image of f^/ffor)', and the happy pielige andtorctoken thercofthey gi. dly icceptedMnd 
 " forthat bleffed Saint ,ihey appointed and dedicated even the Capitol, andTemple ot Jiif.Opt. 
 " Mt'.x, to be the feit and llirine thereof : that being tonfe rued in that Caiile and highelf tor- 
 *' trefs ofthe City of Rome'n might be propice and gracious and remain tirm and fait to the peo- 
 *• pleof ^<jwc. As for the (lingers and ar.hers,together with the com chey wEredeli^eredto the 
 Cof. Five and twenty gallies,with five ranks of oars to a l:de,were joined to the Navy vvhich wa» 
 under the conduct of T.Ocl-aalms the Pro-pro'tor in ".c /v : wh o had commiffion, if ho thoU;,',bi ic 
 good and expedientforthecommonweal.toi^afsoverinto /f^/ri^. TheConfnls having finlflied 
 F the muHersand leviedfouldierstlaid a few dales until their allies were come with aid tromthe 
 Laiines.Then were the Sonldiers particularly (a thing neverdonebefore)by their Colonels, put 
 to their corporal oath and fwornto makethc'r repar at the ConfuU commandment, and with- 
 out their leave not todepart: foruntil thatday thercpalfed nothing but a ficramentall parole S: 
 fimplepromife in general. For whenfoever the horfemcnreforted to their Decuries,and footmen 
 to their Centuries ; both they ot the Cavalr • in their Decuries, and alfo ofthe Infantry in their 
 Centuries, fw3re(after a iort)voluntarily among i emfehef;, That they would not abandon their 
 enfigns by.way offlioht orupon anytear>nnrgoour of theirranks, unlefs it were toletth either 
 fome offenfive armour orto fmite an enemv- "or to fave thelife of a Citizen. Which having been 
 aforetime a volunt.rv covenant & accord between thcm!'elves^was now by the martial Tribunes 
 
 G or Colonels reduced to a formal and fo emn o th and bound the fouldicrs to obferce them fame, 
 of necellity. Yet beforethe enfjsns fet forward and marched cut of Romc^ the Confu! F'^rrode.i\t 
 many hotwords and brave orations in the aflembly ofthe people, intimatingSc purporting thus 
 much in effe T- : That the Nobles had called for war in /r-f/y where it was like to remain long e- 
 nough,andtoftickcloleto the ribs ofthe common-weal, ifflae were ferved with many Imh Ge- 
 nerals as F<»^/«r\vas. " As for my felf (quoth he)I [hM(\ trow) vanquifh the enemy ,the firif day 
 -'thatlfeteyeuponhimjyea^-.ndfiniQathewarat once forever. But his CoUegue /".w^/w^ made 
 but one only fpeechjcventheday before they were to take their leave ofthe City: which wai; not
 
 368 
 
 The mo and twentieth Boo\ofT Xavwxs. 
 
 the Otitiort 
 
 Mix to L.X.- 
 
 mylius :be 
 Conful, 
 
 fo wel taken of the people tor the prefent as it is provf dtrue in the end.Wherin he gavef^ino noH 
 hard vvords^nor girded at him otherwile than thu?;'- That he marvelled muchjhow any Captain, 
 "before he had experiene either of his own army-.or of his enemies, and knew the fcituadon of 
 " the place and grour,d,and the nature of the country, lating as yet within the City in his gown, 
 *' could perfectly tell what he was to do in the field, and jn arms; and be able aho to foretell and 
 " letdown the very day, wherein he was to encounter and joyn in ranged battel with the enemy, 
 <' For his ovvnpart,he would notcalt thus aforenand,nor p;ot his defigns afld counfels beforedue 
 •• time& leafon,which prefent occurrences are wont mu hmore to rtiinitter unto men, than men 
 * to fit them to the occurr-ints that (hall happen.This would he willi with all his heart,That the 
 " enterprifes taken in hand warily and withdifcretion,might prove as lucky and fortunate. As tor I 
 " inconhderat rafhneiS;befide.s that it implieth folly hath ever to that day fped but ill.Thus it Was 
 welfeen/.hat this man othimfelf enclined to pr>;fev: fate proceeding &:advifed coufel,before doubt- 
 ful waies & fool-hardy courfes: & to the end that he might perfever in that refolution more con- 
 ftantly,^f<i^««.i^^u.w«/at his departarc(by report )bad him tarewel,in this or fuch like manner. 
 " If either you,0 L.JEmrlms^hzd a Col'eguelike unto your felf,(which I could rather wifh)oT 
 " that your felf were futable to your Collegne, thefe rr.y words to you were altogether neediefs 
 " and fuperfluous.For yoii tvYain,bebg two good Confuls, \Voulde en without my Ipeech do all 
 "things faithfully to the good of the Commonweal: andcontrariwife ifbothofyou were bad, 
 " ye neither would vouchlafe to giveearto my iayings nor ponder in mind my counlels.But now, 
 *' when I conhder your companion whK he is and your fef to be a man of that quality 6i worth, K 
 « you are he to whom alone lam addreff^d to direct: my whole 'peeih ; to you, I fay, whommC 
 "thinks I forefec already,like to be in vain and without effedt n horefl man and a goodCiti- 
 " zen.For if the Commonweal be halt and lame but of one hde ir,f;ieat fway and authority will 
 *'badprojeds&leud courfes carry,as the good fage and whoifom counfels. For you are far out 
 *'ofthevvayand muchdeceived OL.i£?KT/;«i. ityou thinktobc iefs troubled with >^;;».-^-'r/than 
 *' with C. Terentius. And I wot not well,but 1 1 reatly fe. r rhat you fhallhavea more cumbrous 
 *' adverfary of the one, than a dangerous enenny of the other. For with Afi.nh.d^ovi are to fight 
 *'inthefield,and in time of battel only :butwitii Tere-; ns■<jc^^Onl\\ have to doin every p!ace,and 
 <'at allhours. Againft y4«»/^<j'and hi^ Leoionsyoofliallmakehe^d, and have the help of your 
 " own Cavalry and Infantry -• but General ^ar^ o vvili aiTnil you e\ en with your own fouldiers. Far L 
 *' be from you in any illfenfe the late remembrance of C .FU.mniMS for I love no fuch unluck7 
 *' prel'aging. Howbeit, he began his mad fits vvhen he was once Conful and never betore : when 
 *' he was in his Province with command Sc in theCimp with his Army,and never elle.But this 
 *' P^^irro^even before he flood for the Confuifliip, arid all the whiles he was a fuitor therefore, and 
 '•now likewife,that he is Conful, before that he feeth camp or enemy in field^s horn-mad, and 
 '• talkcth like a man befides himfelf.What foul work then(think you^will he make.when he (hai 
 ''fee himfelf with armed youths about him in the Camp, who now amongfl pcaeable Citizens in 
 *' their gowns andlong robes within the City, ftirreth fo great florms and tempefts, cracking 
 " and vaunting at every le.;ond word. of nothing but fight j-ikirmifh^and battel ? What a coil,l fay, 
 <' will he keep there where nofooncra word ipoken, but a blow given; and when upondiredli- M 
 *'on,prefentlyenfueth execution ? But in cafe this man ('as he faith flatly he will ^ fall immediatly 
 " to ftrike a barrel. either I know not what belongeth to Art military,and have neither skill how 
 '' to condud this kind of warFare, nor any experience of the quality and nature of this enemy, or 
 *' elfe there will be another place more noble and memorable by our defeat and overthrow, than 
 " was the Lake 'Thrafymcau. But it is no time now to ftand upon thefe terms, and to glorific 
 *• my felf in companion of this one perfon: who haveloved(asit is well krrown)to exceed and go 
 " beyond all meafure in defpifing glory &: honour, rather than in defiring and coveting the fame. 
 " But the truth is this & fo it will be fo.nd in the end that the only way to war againlt ArtmbM, 
 ** is that which I took and alwaies ufcd. Neither is it the iffue and event alone (for that is mafler 
 "and teacher of fool ) which Oieweth S: prove th this nntons but even reafon it felf which hath, N 
 "and will be (fill the fame and immutable,as long as things in the world hold on as they do. We 
 " war, (yon fee) in It.dy,ii home, in our own ground and place of refidence : all quarters round 
 *' about U';,full of our own Citizens or friendly Allies •• who daily help us, and will be ready liill 
 " tofurninius with armour,men,horfe>and victuals. Sufficient proofand teflimony oftheirfaith- 
 " fulnefs have they given us already in our hard diflrefs and ad verfity. Space ^nd procefs of time 
 " maketh us better llronger, wifer every day than other, and more conftant and reiolute. Con- 
 "trariwife, yf««/^;/isin a (Irangeandforreinland, in his enemies country, inthemidlt of all 
 " things that are trofs and adverfe unto him, far from his houfe and home far from his native foil, 
 *' having peace no where, neither by lea nor land.No Cities receive him and give him entertain- 
 *'ment no wals he hath, within which he can retire himfelf in fafety. Nothingfeethhe,wherefo-o 
 "ever hegoeth,that hecan fay is his own. From day to day, from hand to mouth,he livethofra- 
 •• pine and fpoil.Scarce a third part hath he of thofe forces, whichhetranfported over the river /- 
 " ^«-«/.Hunger and famine hath wafted more of them, than the edge of the fword: and for this 
 " fmall remainder that is left,he is hard andkant provided of food and fuftenance. Make you any 
 "doubt then, but we fhallvanquiflihim,whiles we fit ffilland takeout eafcwhoday by dayde- 
 " caieth fenfibly, and waxeth old and feeble, who neither hath flore of viftuals to maintain an 
 '' army ) nor fupply of men to make up his broken bands, nor mafs of money to entertain them. 
 
 How 
 
 4 
 
 1
 
 The npo and tn>entieth Boo\of T.Li viu s. q 6q 
 
 A " How long was he fain to fight for gerion, a poor little Caftle in AptHui^zs it it had been for the 
 
 " wals of C arthage it felf? Neither will I boalt and magnihe my felf at all, before you O &mylins. 
 
 *' Do you but only conlider, how Cn.ServiliHszxidAtttlms-, the iali Confuls, plaitd motk-hollday 
 
 *' with him and deluded him, This is the only way of fafety.O L./'^/</«/,which I tear me our own 
 
 "Citizens vvi.lm.ikediffi.uit and dangerous untothemlelves, more than the enemies can. For 
 
 "you ("hall haie your own fou.dier-; and youreneinies both of one ,ind the lame mind. Kir-ro 
 
 "theRom.in Conful, and ^»;.;^../ the Ca;thagmian General will aim and reach at one and the 
 
 *',feit- fame thing, And you, being but one man muli make account to renli two Captains: and re- 
 
 "(ilt them you ihall well enough, if you will Ifand Firm and hold your own againll alibruics and 
 
 B'-fpeechesof the peop e,ifneither[he vain-glory of your fellow thac fli.ill be blazed northein- 
 
 'itamou^ rumours that iTiail be fa lly blown abroad to your diigrace, fha.l once (lir you irom yoor 
 
 '•conftantrefolntion and maintenance of the truth.O id faying ■; thefebcjand common proveibs, 
 
 "That right and trne-dea.ingmay well be hck-butit Hull not die: it may he a bleeding but Qiail 
 
 " notmifcarry.And he that will defpile vam-glory,flialLntaininthe end to trnegloiy. Let them 
 
 " call you and fpare not fearful for careful, cold and flow for wife andconlidcrate, an ill fouldier 
 
 ''and ignorant for a skilful warrior and experien.ed.Butbenotyou difmaied: I had rather hear 
 
 "a wife and fober enemy to fear you, than lee foolilli and brain-lick Citizens to praife you. Ad- 
 
 " venture ail thinj^s bold y, Am.tbd willconremn yon : enterprife nothing rnfhlV) he fl-ialldread 
 
 ''you.And yet my purpofeis not,neiiher fpeak I this that you ilTould enter int; no aclion at all: 
 
 C '' but my meaning and adace is, that in all yourdoings you be guided and directed by Ogerea- 
 
 *' fon not haled and carried away with blind fortune. Order the matter lb, that ail things lye 
 
 " vvithinyour compals, and at yourdilpofition. Stand ever ^rmed and upon you; guard. Ha\e 
 
 "your eye about you liih, and keep good watch, that neither you lofe any opportunity thatflial 
 
 *' prcient itlelt nnio you, nor yield unto the enemy any occafion for his adiantage.Take time and 
 
 '• ieilure,your fliallfnd all things Jear plain eahe, and certain. Contrariwifejhaft makcth walk: 
 
 *' itis e.er toleek ittorefeeth nought,but is Hark blind. 
 
 The Conful anfweied tothefelpeeches, with no light fom cheer and gladfomecountenane, Tliejnrvvcrof 
 asconrelllng That all he ipake was rather true in fubftance, than cafic in execution, *■*■ For ("laid p^hLlT^" 
 *■ he;if the General ofhorfemen were fo violent, and not robe endured of yoU; whowerehis 
 jv" Dictator and loeraign Commander ; what courfefhallltake, what fliiftmay I make, what 
 "■power mdauthority luffi ient,am Hike to have to Iway againllmy iedicious,quarrelfome, and 
 *' heady Collegne ? Formine own part, inmy formerCon'ulfhip, I hardly efcapedafcouring, 
 "and mu h ado I had to pals through the light fire of the flaming peoples doom and heavy 
 " cenfure .wherein I was well fcorched and half-bnmc.I wifli ail may be well in theend,Howbeit, 
 " jf any thing fliall fall out other wife than well I had rather hazard the pikes and darts of the ene- 
 "mies and leave my lite behind me among them,t hanput my felf to be tried again by the voices 
 ''and lurfrages of angry and lefly Citizens. /'<»«/«/ had no fooner delivered this fpeech,but (as the 
 report goeth( he went forth on his journey and thechief LL.of the Senat accompanied him, The 
 thei Commoner Confulwas likewile attended of hisfavourits the Commons,more looked on& 
 £ gazed at for their multitude and number, than regarded for the w orcn Sc quality of their penbns, 
 Sofoonas they were arrived at the Camp, and that the new army was incerming'ed with the 
 old,they divided the whole army into two camps &ordred the matter fOithat the new which was 
 the lefferfhould be nearer to yhiyiil^al-.zvd in theold,the greater numberand the wholeRrength 
 and flower ofthe main forces fhould be quartercd.Then they fent away to Rome Ai'. Attiltusiho. 
 Conlul of the former year, who excufed himfelf by reafon of his o'd age, anddehred to be 
 gone. But they gave unto CV/. S6yz/!/;«/ the charge and conduil of one Roman Legion, andbe- 
 fides of two thoul'and horfemen and footmen of their aUies in the lefler Camp. Anntlal, not- 
 withltanding he well perceived that thepowerof his enemies was re-enforced by one half more 
 than before, yet wondrous joyful he was at the corriming of thefe new Confulf. Fornoton'y 
 p he had nothing left him of vidluah.which from day to day he purveyed for, to Icrv e his prcienc 
 need and no more ; but alfo there was no more to be had, and nothing remained forto fill his 
 hands with; by reafonthat after the ten itcty was net fate to travel in, the corn from al parts 
 was conveyed unto the lirong walled Towns, and there laid up: fo that fas afterwards ic 
 was known for certain) he had fcarce corn enough for to ferve ten dales : and the Spaniards, by 
 occafion ol the dearth and want, were at the point to revolt unto the Romans, it they might 
 but efpy a good and commodious time therefore. Over and befides. to theinbred raflmefs and 
 over-hally nature of the Conlul, Fortune alfo miniflred mitterto lonfrm himtherein. For in 
 a certain tumultuary skirmifh ( to flop and impeach the ;orragers and Plunderers of An-ibd, 
 and which began rather by chance, as the lould'ers h.:pned to en ounter one another, than 
 G upon any conlideratecounfei aforehand,orby dire(5fioo and commandment trom the Genera's) 
 the Carthaginian^- h^d the foil, and went by the worfl : fr-rof them thetivvere lyco ll.'in: 
 but of Romans and Cf^nfederates. rot pnffmg lOo. And when inthetrain of ^ ii\'>ry they hot- 
 ly followed the chat e in diurray the Conlul /'^'</?«, tvho th;it day had theabfoiutr command 
 (frr they governed by turn eachon^ehi day) rellrained ind fl-'edthem. /^^?r ro thereatchated 
 and fretted, crying out aloud That he had let the etemy cfcape out of h^s hands : and if he 
 had not thus given O' er the purluit, thewar might ha^e been ended =tt once. ^?z"i/'^/ took this 
 lofs and dammage nothiog near the heart, but ratheimadefiiureckonieg, thathehadcaughc 
 
 (as
 
 \y-jQ 7 he two and nventietb Boo\ofT,lAvms, 
 
 ^_ ' ' — — — ■ ' — ' ^ , - 
 
 (as at were) with a bait & flef^.edihe auda. ioufnefsof the fool-haft yConful. and oi" the new ibul-ll 
 diera eipet-ially.For he knew as well alithai was done amongd the enemies,as in his ownCamp > 
 ramelyithat the Generals were nor futable nor forcing one unto the other:and that of three parts 
 of the army^tvvoin amanner werebut rivv,trefh;and untrained loUidiers.And therefore iuppo- 
 fm" he had now got place and time favourable unto him.to ontIiveandconnpaf^fomt;ftratagem, 
 the'ni-'ht fo'.lowinghe led forth his fouldiers, carrying nothing about them but their armour; 
 and abandoned thetamp fuii of ail things,as well pri v ate goods and furniture as publike provifi- 
 on: and beyond the ne>:t hi L; he bellowed fecretly in ambuO-i his footmen vycU appomtedandin 
 ordinance of battel on the leit hand ; and the horiemen on the right : and con.eighed all his car- 
 riages into the midll between two flanks: to the end,that; whiles the enemy was bui;edih rifling I 
 and ranfaking the tents. forlorn (as it were) and forfaken by the flight of the owners and mjfierS, 
 he might lurprize him iad^n and encumbred with bag and baggage. He lei t >ehind him in the 
 Camp many Hresbi'rnmg to the end that theenemies fliould veri ytnink and be. eevejthn under . .ij 
 a pretended fhew or an army in Camp his purpofe was tohold and keep the (^onfu.s,amuzedflilI I 
 where they weie,wbies himfe.f intne meanrimemightgain more ground and efcape further a- ^ 
 way : like as he had p.aid by f4/^;«.v the year before. When day-light was tome and the Cofl*. 
 faw, firtt that the flanging guards were gone, .mn perceived (as thev approached nearer ) an un- 
 wonted filcnce, they m.uvelled muih. But after they difovered certainly that the Camp was a- 
 bandoned, and no pcrfon remaining behind: there wa.s running of allhandi who could run fa- 
 fieH to the pavilions of the Cofl. with newt that the enemies were fled, in luchfear.as they .eft j^ 
 their tents (landing entire, and h d qmt the Camp wholly: and to the end their flighj; fliouidbe 
 more fetret and notdc-rrier! they had leit light t, res burning in every pla e. Then negan they ail 
 to cry and call upon tiiC Cofl. or to i omm^nd thehandards anden gns to be brought abroad and 
 to lead forth in pur uit of the enemies and without any nay to make fpoil and ha\ o k 6t their 
 Camp.And in truth oneottheCofl.wasno ,vi.er than the commonfouldiers. But /";?«/«' replied, 
 and tod them ever and.non,thitrhey weretoberir. umfpedand wary .and to look about them 
 what they did 'or tear of an ambui'h. Yet feeing in the end no remedy and that otherwile he 
 could neither (tay themut'ny,norrUie the Captain ttiereof: he fent out M.SaiiLnt (the Pro^olt 
 marfhall)with atroop">t Lucanhoriemen,inefpiali,to diicover thecoafls and feeall wereilear •• 
 who having ridden h r.l to the gates and given order to all the reft for to flay without theforti- L 
 fcations, himicif with two horfcmtn behdes entred within the r^mpire, and having looked and 
 fearchedevery vo ntr adviiediy, he retired and m.ide relation, That paflailperadienturetiiere 
 were knaves abroad .md a piece ot ireauhey was in hand : for why there are fires made( quoth 
 he) on that hdeory of the C amp that iooKed toward the enemy ' the pa\ilions (land openand 
 all thing"; of pri e and •. nlue which they fet more flort by are lett at random even to fit our hands: 
 and wehavefeen bciidc i^ di ers pla^e?, lib erplue and oin flattered along the way here and 
 therci as it were j Ha-.t laid to train ns to a booty. Thefe ir^umflances report d, of purpofe to 
 witndraw th> u m'-nd? from .oetousano greed) defire ot piibge J fetthemonand kindled them 
 the more. And ct e lou d'ers h..d no fooncr i ried aloud, that unlefs the f gna! were given., they 
 wouid fet forvvar-l-w'thoiu Commanders: but they had a captain flnight at h.-nd tolead them M 
 the way : forimmcdiuiy ^ r'oioiirdcd themar.h. /'<!/<//« who ol him.eU mideflowh^fl, and 
 perceived behdts that thebird,> intak-ngthe Aufpi e appro -ed not this enterprife nor ga-e good 
 tokens ot happy fpeed,gave order i-iraightwaies that his Co legue fhould bead.ertiled cttheun- 
 lu.ky Aufpi^ e whr. wi.s ready now tofet out of the gate with his flandard S: thatin any wife he 
 {houldltay. Wi'ttt with albeit ^^r « was not wel. cc ntent yet the :atemif fortune of £/..»;/;?;«/, 
 •R d he and thememorab e o trthrow acfea ofC/a»ij/?<.i|/ P«/f/jf)-] Conful in che Puni k war, wrought 
 Breviary f'f fome f tuple of confi,!. nceand eir in his heart But it was even the fair gra^e of the gods(ifaman 
 the nincteetlj may fo lay)and norh'ngeife,which put by and deferred r^nherthan impeached and nhibited the 
 book. dangerandd^'TTiftion that h'jpc over me Romans 'e.ids For as good hap was it chanced 'tihe 
 
 very inliant whtnthcConfuKommndeu tneenfgns to be brought into the Camp. & the foUioi-N 
 ers would not obey him thattwo'.aves who fervedfometimetwohorfemen theoneaPormi- 
 an, and tf e other aSidi 'n rndvvfoir: t year when 5f("ii/7/«.'&; ^ft</.«/ were Coniuls among 
 other forragers were tikenpriOners bvtheNumidians)made anelcape and fled chat day to their 
 old maftersag in. Who being t^roi'ght before the CoCadverti^ed t hem conflantly,that the whole 
 army of An'tr <i'lay c o'e in am'nif ado rvn rhe faiti crhde of the mountains.The coming ofthefe 
 bordflaveslo right and jump ,s they d'd, csufe-l the Ibuldiers to obey their Coff. Whereasthe 
 one of them by bis ambitious courting and leeking unto them at the firft for aConfulfliip. and 
 afterwirds by hi^ imic.my indulgeni.eard pleaiingof them.had loft all his majefty and reputati- 
 on among them. 
 
 An»:l' l when he fsw that the Romans rather began to ftir without "d i'e, th.innill to runQ 
 rafhly on head -o the full, and tn it hisrnty de i, e was dif Infeu and took no effect, returned a- 
 gain into li<: Camp. Where, he lO'ldnot for want ot '^ornmakc abodemanydaies: and behdes> 
 not only <"iuldiers (who were not allonemansihild en bui a onfu'ed mix'rre of all Nitions) 
 beg'-nday > to plot and enter into new defi?.nmenrs, but nlfo the r Captain h-i'iei^ wa--otmsny 
 mind'?. For whereas they began with muttcino and grnmS -ng and afterwards with open 
 mouth, to demand and call for their due wsges romp! ininij firif o'" rhe dcrrh of xidnals, and 
 JD the end, of meer hunger and famine : and withall a rumour ran> that the mercenary fouldiers, 
 
 and
 
 The tri^J and twetitietb Boo.\ofT» Li vi ns. 071 
 
 a and the Spaniards efpecially, were minded and intended to give him the flip, and to turn to the 
 enemy; ^«.;/^4/likewife bethought himl'elt otherwhiics r.sic was laid, how he might flie into 
 Gallia^hm To, as he would leave his Infantry behind him at i-.x nndievcn, and io be gene wiih his 
 Cavalry alone. As men, 1 lay, were thus plotting and deviling in the camp, hereioivedat Itngcti 
 to di'flodge from then, e, and to remove into the h(.tttri.ouniries of jipulm^ where the harieft 
 was more timely: I. onhdering withal, that the farther he went trom iheencmics his I'ouldiers who 
 were by nature light-headed and inconfiant, wonid not loeaiily revolt and fliciVom him. So he 
 took his way by night, and made fires likewife, and ieit a few tciusltardingin l-;ghc,!hat the Ro- 
 mans fearing the 'ike trains and ambu(h asbetore, might keep in and not itir abroad. But when 
 B as the fame Str.tilipu the Lucan, ha\ ingfi. cured all the coads. both beyond the camp, and the ciher 
 fideoftlic hiik, and brought word,that he had diftovercd ihetncmics afaroffdiimarching theri 
 began they tne morrow afterto think and conUilt of making after him with hotpurfute. Ei:i al- 
 beit both Con.uls ..ontinued, as ever before, the lame men liiil, thatistofiy, di.erfly minded, 
 and perliifing in their feverai rcfolutions .• but fo, as all in a m^jnncr accorded with AV/o, and 
 none agreed unto /-'■;«/•?/, but only Scrviliiis the Conlui ot thetouncr year: yctaccocdin'^ to the 
 opinion and counfei of the M.jr,- p.trs^ they went both together (tor what might held tliat whiih 
 latdlneiellity driiethjto make C-mhisl much renowncdandfamous for the nocible overthrow and 
 defeat of the Romars, Netr this village Ai:mbd\\AdL encamped under the wind Vulnimus, and 
 had it on his back:, wni.h wind, when the fields are kori-hed and burnt with dronght, is wonc 
 C to bring with it clouds (as it were; otdulf. Which as it was good and commodious iorthevery 
 campit fe.f, :o it was like to ferve in t'pecial (lead, when they fhoula range their battel in order, 
 and iight with the wind blowing on thcirback, againii theenemy, whofeeyes th.e dull was rea- 
 dy to put out., flying with the wind mil in their faccifo abundantly. 
 
 The Confuls ha. ing diligent y lean hed the wa yes and tried the paf! ages ever before them, fol- 
 lowed An»,balh:s.i6i and lo foon as they were come to C-i-i^ic, had him in light: where they 
 foriintd two camps, of likediliance almoH afunder, a%^t Genon ; and divided their forces like as 
 beiore.The ri'. er yi«/iW«j rancloieby both thefe camps, and yeclded waiting plaies according as 
 either ottnem had occafion and need- but not without lom/elcuffiing and skirmifn. Butlrcm the 
 leflercamp, which lay on the farther hde of ^r.^in(;/i the Romans had morelibeity to water, be- 
 £) caufe upon the farther bank there was planted no fconce nor guard of the enemy. >•;(»»//<// having 
 poflefled himfelfof a good plot of ground to his mind, commodious and mectfor the fervice of 
 horfemen(in which kindoffori.es he was invincible) ordred his battai. Ions in array, ^ by putt ing 
 out certain Numidian light horfe, made a bravado, and bade the Corfuls battel. And even then 
 it fell out, that both the Roman camps were difquietedand troubled anew, what with the mu- 
 tiny of thefoulaiers, and what with thedifagreement and jarring oitheConfuls; whiles l.\-<.ultis 
 laid hard umoF^rro-, and fet before his eyes the rnflinels of .Sfw/ra^y^/and FLiKifiius: and^'wr- 
 ro again hit him home, and twit him with the example of f rt/'!«j,which made t'o goodly a fiievv 
 jn the eyes of fearful, idle, and cow'ardly Captains: both of them I'ellto proteiting and calling 
 Godand man towitneis, the one giving out, that the fault was not in him that yl»y:jiiii was 
 E DOW Lord well-neer of all Ita/y already, and why P becaule himfelf was kept ll^ort and tied faif e- 
 Dough by his Colleague,3nd the fouldiOTs v\horehot blood was tip, and who were eager of fight, 
 had their weapons even plucked out of their hands: sy£m}l m on the other I'de complaining. than 
 if ought lliould hapamifs unto the Legions thus betrayed, and offered wil ully and unconliderat- 
 lyto thedangerofdou' tful battel, nocwithilanding he were not blame-worthy but innocent al- 
 together, yet fliould hebethefirHthatfmarted, and be partaker ofthemil(:h:efand misfortune: 
 and yet he would gladly feej whether they who were fo ready and haily of their tongue tofpeak, 
 would be as nimble & autive of their hands to fight, when the time came Thus whiles they fpend 
 iimeinchoppingofLoi;ick & quarrelling oncwich another rat her then in good Scfober confulta- 
 iions.^;;»//vi^who had Hood arranged a good part ofthe day ready to hght^minding to retire his 
 F other forces into his camp,fent forth certain Numidians out ofthe battel to charge upon the Ro- 
 mans onthe other fide of iheriver^whofrom thekfler camp went for v\atcr. Thefe beingadifor- 
 dered?c coniufed multitude, were not fully landed on theb.ink,but with the lliout only & tumuk 
 of theNumidians,they were dil.omfitedand put to flight : whereupon the enemy rode f.irther, 
 even to the Handing CVp/^.-o-w-iiri^, quartered before the rampart, and hard at the very gates of 
 the Romancamp. This was fuch an indignity oflered to the Romans, to I'ecthem'ehe^ now 
 thus braved and bearded even in the very camp by the au:dliary f'ouldiers, and the rafcal fort of 
 the enemie.s. that there was no otherthing flayed the Romans trom palTing the river prerently,and 
 embattellingthemfelves, but only this, that it was /^tz/.'/«j his lurn that day to have the loveriign 
 command of all. And therefore the morrow after, when it came to /^.^nohiscourfe for to rule, *t!isf;.?a. 
 [j without r.ny advice of his companion, he put forth the ' fgnal of battel, and with all his for::es fcsrlct «(Toch 
 put in order of battel, went over the river. Atw/m^ alio to!. owed after him as one who might nerVlhisMvU 
 well enouf'.h miflikeand difallow thepurpofeofhisCoUeg'.ic, but otiierwilc could neither will \\an, 
 norchui'e, but fecond him, andtak,.part intheexecution. Being onceover the iver, they join Tne mcmora=" 
 alio the forces whiih they had in theimailercamp, unto the other: and in this manner they or- ^Icbitteloi 
 dredihebattel. In the right point which was neerer to the river, was arranged the Rom.-'nCa- *"'"*' 
 valry, and afterthem the footmen.The left point onthe outiide, was fl mk--d vvith the horimen of 
 the aiTociats : within flood their Infantry; but in tt. 5 middle pare were beflo wed the Archers 
 
 K k ' snd
 
 3^2. The WQ and mentieth Boof^a/T.Livius. 
 
 ardloofe fhotjclofecothf m^inbattelof theRomanLegions; and of allthereftoflight armed H 
 auxi'.'ury lonldicr'?; conhikd the van-guard. The Confiils led both the points, Tfrf»r«« the lett, 
 JEin)li:fs the r'^'ic, C^. ^ervilntsh^d the eonduil: of the main battel. Now Anmbdh'j the break of 
 diy, h.uin,3, ion: before the Baleareflingers, and his other light armor, pafled over the river, and 
 mirhi.illed'thcm in battel array, ever as they came to land. The horfeas vvcllGanlsas Spaniards, 
 heoppofedin che left point, neer to the bank, even agamrt thehorefemen of the Romms: the 
 rioht confifted ot the Nnmidian light horfe: and the main battel was lirengthned and fortified 
 with hi'; infantry: but infuch manner as the Aftricans flanked both, in manner of w ings: and be- 
 tween them were bellowed theGauls and the Spaniards in the midil. A man that had fcenthe Af- 
 fricans, would have taken molt of them for Romans, fo armed were they with Roman armor, I 
 ootten muv h of it 2X.Trel>ij,hn\. mofl of all at Thrafytnentts. The Frenchmen and Sp.miards had 
 targets necr of one fafliion, but their fwords werennlike and far differing. Thofe of the Gauls 
 were very long and not pointed. But the Spaniard, whofe manner is rather to fight with the 
 ihruft and to foyn, then to flalh and ftrike edglong, had handfome lliort cnrulafles, and fharp ac 
 the point.Andafterthis fort Itoodthefe two nations armed before the rell {'terrible to behold,both 
 for the bignef> of their perfons, and alfo for their habit and attire.) Tne Gauls all from the navel 
 upward naked : the Spaniards with linnen vvalkoats or jackets, glittering wondrous bright, bor- 
 dred and embroidered with purple and fcarlet. Thetompleatnumberof all, as well hcrfe as foot- 
 men, that Hood embnttelled, amounted (astheyreporc)unto forty thoufand foot,and ten thou- . 
 And men of arms. TheleCaptainshad the leading ofthecwo points, to wic, yifdrubal <:ommin-'& 
 ded the left, Maharbalih.^ rigbt. ^»«'^.'./ himfeif in perfon with his brother ^.t^o, conducted 
 the middle battel. TheSunflione fidewife upon the flanks both of the one and a If© of the other 
 army, very ind'tfcrentandcommodious toboth parts, wereit that they were fo placed andmac- 
 ftialled of let pu. pofc,or chanced at adventure fo to Hand : the Romans with their faces full fouth, 
 ibe Carthaginians into the north, But the wind which the inhabitants of that countrycall f^;;/- 
 f«r««/- aroie and blew full upon the taces*f the Romans, and raifed fuch (lore of dull, and drave 
 it fo upon their eyes , that it took a way their fight and profpedf. The cry and fliout began on both 
 Tides, and the Auxiliary fouldiers put ihemfelves forth firfl to skirmifli, and charged one 
 another with their ight fliot. Then the lelt point of the Gauls and -panifh men of arms encoun- 
 tred and ran fiiil upon I he right hand of the Roman? Cavalry, nothing at all after the order of t, 
 horfe-lervice for they were ofneceflicy to affront one another (lraightforward,as having no room 
 left about them to fling out and ride at large, being flanked on the one hand with the river, and 
 endoled on the other with the battaillon of footmen. Wheruponl fay.thcy were forced to charge 
 full butt from both pirt^ijdireclly before themfo long as their horfesiiood dofe and thrufl toge- 
 ther : but jr length when they began to (lir and wince, the ridersi man to man, fell to take hold 
 and clafpeoneanothtr ard every man to pluck his enemiebefideshishorle, foas now they were 
 driven mu'.h what to fight on foot. This conflidl w.is rather fharp then long:andtobefhort,the 
 Roman Cavalry wa- dif^omfited and put to flight. And anon, as the hone made an end of their 
 fight, began the skirmilli of the foot alio. At the fiill the Gails and Spani.rds equal to their ene- 
 mies both in force and courage maintained the confliil right hardi'y, and kept their order and j^ 
 arraies. At length the Romans call about and devifed on v\ hat fide, and with what form of a clofe 
 battaillon, to force back that pointed fquadron of the enemies, ranged ■ ery thin, and by fo much 
 th-e weaker, and bearing out withal, from the rell of the battel. Now when they had once driven 
 them to retreat andgiveground theRomansprefled on ! :li t one inl^Mit) and with the fame 
 violence pierced through them as they fled for fear headlong^ uiitilthey wtrcer.tred 3s f.iras to 
 the very m'dll of the vanguard and main battel •• and finding none able to Hand in their way and 
 makerefiOance, they gained in the end the very rere ward of the Africans: who having drawn in 
 from both fides their skirt? and wings, flood together drong and fi. mly kept their ground. The 
 Gauls and Spaniads continued dill in the midft,fome what advanced withoutthereft of the bat- 
 tel. Now whenrhispointedfquadron was drivenin by the Romans, and made even and equal firft j<j 
 with the front of the battel, and atterwrrdsupon farther enforcementjgave way for them to pafs 
 in a lire through the midll thereof^by that time theAfricans charged uprn their flarksiand whiles 
 the Rcmni? unw.'.rily vvereevigaged over far within them, they came about them oniheskirts, 
 and wiihm a while having (Irciched out and fpread their wings, enclofed the enemies round on 
 their backs al'o. Hereupon the Roman ^ who had performed one battel and conflii£> in vain, were 
 forced togive over the Gau'sand Spaniards whom they h^ddifaraied aid put to flight and w<;:re 
 tobcjzina ffefli fight with the Africans :c:ndthat to their own great difadvantage ; not oniyhe- 
 c.!i:'fe theybeing crv.iofed andpentupina (Iraighrroom., were rodeal with them that hadcom- 
 paffcd them all about ord wereatliberr.y, but alfo because they being wearied, were to maintain 
 a new skirmifli with thofethit werffrefli in heart, and ludy. And now by thi rime, in the left q 
 point ot tbcRomans battel, where the horfemenofthtirafiociat': were marfha led ro ,^ffr' ntthe 
 Numidians they were filn ro clofe fight : which at the firl+ thefe Numidians began but coldly and 
 famtly,a'^tcr the deceitful uinnncr of Carthaginians- unto whom they were fad and neer neigh- 
 bours. For 5CO. of them or thereabout, having befides their u'.u^l javc ins rndd^rrs which they 
 commonly carry, ("hort daggers or skeins hidden under their cnirafs and harnefs,m 'de "emblance 
 of riding aw-yirom their own companies, and (iding tothe Romans, with their bucklers ac 
 iheirbacks, all ofafuddendifmountedfaom their horfes, and throwing theii bucklers, targets, 
 
 and
 
 Th2 wo and trpsntietb Boo{ofT. Livi us. ^ 572 
 
 A and fpears at their enemies iesz, were received within the main barrel, and Irom thence condu- 
 cted tochehindmo(t in the rereward .were conSmanded there to ah :de behind ?: i heir back. And 
 until lucb time as the skirmiili joined on all i-.des, they cofitinucd qu:et. Bnc when they law e- 
 very mans eye and mind buhed and occupied in the ccnfliit, thentl^ey caught up thofe bucklers 
 that lay (ircwed and l"carte:ed among the dead boa:es ail abroad, and pla) ed upon the battel of 
 the Romans from behind: and what with wounding their backs. Sc cutting their iiamltnngs,th ey 
 made foul work and flaughter among them, and more then that, raifed :. greater tear anc tumuiC 
 by far. Now when the Romans in one place vvcretrightedsndranaway,andin anocher fought for 
 life, armed only with deipair of a. 1 means to efcape; >^/^r«/^/who had the charge of that fde, 
 BcacfedtheNumidian horfemen, who :ought but coldly withthofe that Hood affrontthem, to be 
 withdrawn from the midlt otthe battel, and fent them to purl'uethe enemies in the cha:e. And to 
 the Affiricans over weary now with execution and killing, rather then with any other fghc, he 
 joined the Gauls and Spanifh footmen to afiilt them. On the other fde of the battel, P^.ulas.zlbe- 
 it at the very firit fhock and encounter,he was fore wounded with a bullet from but of a fling,yec 
 oftentimes he made head agablty^«»;/vj/,and kept his batraillons rlofe and thick together.yea.and 
 indiversplacesrenued the conflift, and evermore the Roman horl'emen guarded and protefted 
 hi.m. But at the laft they left their horfes, becaufe the Conful his flrength failed himtorule his 
 own, and tofithi.T!. Whereupon there was one brought word unto ^/:«;^.''/ that iheConlul had 
 commanded his men of arms to light atoot.Then (quoth ^;7;:/^/e/,asthe report goeth) Yea,m3r- 
 
 C ry '■ But how much gladder would I be, if he delivered them into my hands bound hand and foot? 
 And furelythehorfemen fought ioa;terthey were alighted, as iftherehad been no doubt, but 
 that the enemy had the vidory.Howbeit, although they hadiheworfe, yet they chofe rather to 
 die in the place, then to flie : and the viflors ang-ed at the heart with them for thus ftaying the 
 accompliflimentofthe victory,went down with them, and killed outright all thole whom "they 
 could not make to give ground and yeeld. And yet a few fuch as were wearisd with much toil and 
 ovetcharged with many wounds they enforced to retreat. Anon they were aildifbanded and 
 Icattercd afund errand as many as couid. recovered their horfes.and fled away.''C».ZL<';if;./«/a Co- 
 *' lonel seeing 'as he rode by)i:he Conful fitting all agorc blood upon a ftone.Ah L.t/dEwr/.'«^(quoth 
 " he^ whom thegods ought of right to regard and fave, as being the only gniltiefs m^n, audin- 
 
 O " nocent ofthis days work and unhappy overthrow, take here this horfe of mine, while fome 
 " vigor and flrength remaineth in you. Able lam to mount you upon him, to accompany and 
 '^ protcft you alfo. Come I fay, and^make not this battel more curfed and forrowiul by the death 
 " of a Conful.Without it, I wot, we have caufe enough already, and too much, of dolorous tears 
 "and woful lamentation. Whereunto the Conful made this anfwerrlgive thee thanks,© L.Cor- 
 ' w.'/wgra-mercy for thy kindnefs, and G od blefs thee in this thy vertue and prowefs. Buttake 
 " thou heed tothyfelfjleff by thy f'oolifh pity of me.thoulofe -hat litrlc time which thou haft to 
 "efcape out of the hands of the enemies. Save thy felf, andgothy ways to theLL.of theSenac, 
 '•and wi.lthemallfrommeingeneraljtofortifie the City of Pome, and man it well with ffrong 
 "guards, before the enemy follow the train of victory, and come againft it. But more particular- 
 
 E " ly, let ^.J^^^«.funderftand, that L. iEw/Z/w; yet, was mindful of his wholfom precepis,ail the 
 ''whiles he lived, and cowalfo lorgat them not at the hour of his death. And fufFet thou me to 
 " yeeld untonaturc,and let go my lalf breath, even here amoog the heap; of mine ownflainfoul- 
 '• diets, that I may end my days and die ne'ther an accufed and guilty perfon, nor in my Conful- 
 *■'• fhipftand uptoaccufemy CoUegue, and to defend mine own inno.ency, ardjuftifie myfelfe, 
 •' by the blaming of anoiher. As the Conful uttered thefe words, firlf the multitude of his own ci- 
 tizens in the rout, and theniheeaemiesinpurfuit, ran over him; and not knowing who hewasj 
 overwhelmed him with javelins and darts good ftore. As for Lentulus, his horfe carried hima- 
 way CO a little hill. Then they fled all amain as faft as they could, yoco. recovered the lefler camp, 
 and ten thoufand the greater: and upon two thoufand put themfelves into the village it feif of 
 
 F Carina. But bcaufe i: was anunwaliedandfencelefstown, the\' were immediatly environed by 
 Cartalo and the horfemen, and fo perifhed every one. The other Conful made no (emblanr e, that 
 be was offended or difpieafed with thecompanies that thus fled,were it of purpofe, or as it chan- 
 ced ; and accompanied with fifty men ofarms or thereabout efcaped to Venufi.i.^n this battel were 
 flain ofRoman3Cbyreport)40ooo.footmen, and 2700. horfemen; and in a manner, as many 
 beiides of Allies, as of natural Citizens. Amonglt whom there was one Conful , two Treafurers, 
 L. ^tttliHs and Fr.riHr BtiacuUis, 2 1 . Colonels : fome alfo who had been Con.'uls, Pretors, and 
 vEdiles. Of which number was C;?. Serv:liusy and C, Mr/iutms A'unfotius.who the year before had 
 been Commander of the Cavalry for fome. certain days. Befides 80. Senators, or fuch as were Se- 
 nators fe.l!ows, and had born thofe dignities, in regard whereof, they were tobechofen Senators. 
 
 G Thefe fetved as voluntaries and were enrolled among the Legions. There Avcre taken prifoners at 
 this field, as the general fpeech went, ;ooo, footmen, and fioo.menof Arms. .> 
 
 This is that noble battel, fo famous for the overthrow at C^jj^^:, and comparable to that defea; 
 at th« river y^///<s. For like as this was oflefs importance then the other, inrefpec't of that which 
 enfued after the conflict, becaufe the enemy ftayed his hand. and purfued no: his victory: fo if we 
 confiderthe lofs of men ard de'eat of the army it was the greacer,and for the fhameful flight more 
 difhonorable.For the running away that was ac Jlli.i, as it betrayed the City, foit faved the Ar- 
 my : but at C<i««<«jWhen the one Conful fled, there were fcarce 50. of his army that accompanied 
 
 Kk s him
 
 2y 4. The WQ nnd nventieth Bao^o/T.Livius. 
 
 him, and asfor the other Conful, \Yhiles he lay a bleeding and dying, all his fojires to I'peak of, 
 took their heels. • 
 
 Now there being a number in both camps, half dilarmed, and wholly without their chief 
 Commanders: theCaptains of the greater Camp fenfameffengeruDCO the other, willing them to 
 come over thither, that they might march in one entire company together, and depart to C.t««/)- 
 ■iim in the night I'eafon, whiles theirenemies were fait afleep ; as partly wearied with lonj^ fighc 
 and p.irtly charged with winefx: ^ood cheer after cheir joyful victory .This advifeXome there were 
 that mifliked altogether and rejecied. For why (fay they) might nottheycome hitherthem(elvs 
 to us, as well as fend tor us fine e we may as foonfo join icgcthcrr'Becaure,! wot,all the ways be- 
 tween are full of enemies, and they cbofe rather to hazzard the bodies ot others, then adventure I 
 their own perfons in fo great danger.Others were not fo mut h diipleafed tor any diflike of the mb- 
 The fpeech of tioD, as their hearts faiicd them to take in hand the enterprife thereof. Then Ipake P. Seirjironi- 
 P, Smproniui us Tudit ams i Colonel. <■ And will ye. rat her chofe (qnoth hejto be taken captive by a moltcove- 
 Tiiditanns, to ■'■<■ jous and cruel enemy ? And to have yovit heads valued at a price ? And that Chapmen coming 
 fouldie^t' " t-obuy you in o^ien market, fhould ask every one ofyou this qiieftion. Whether artchou a Ro- 
 *<manCitizeni oraLatinConfederatePAndfoby thydifgracc,reproacb,and miferyjanotherman 
 .*'{hall get honor, and thy felf none. Ye are not (1 lee well) Wkcio Lucius JE?Kj/ni', who made 
 *'choiceto die valiantly, then to live in fliame and obloquy ; nor to many other lo brave and 
 *' hardy men, who lie about him dead on theground by heaps. But before day light fiirprize ns, 
 *' and. greater troops of enemies befet the palfages,let us break through thele^that in diforder and K 
 •* out of array, m^tke fo toui noife at our gates. The point of fword and edge of courage, is able to 
 " pals through enemies,liand they never fo thick and clofe logether.We will make a pointed hat- 
 •* taiUon in wedg-form, and pierie through their loofe and thin fquadrons, as eahiy as if nothing 
 *'ftood in our way. Go with me therefore as many ofyou, asare willingto fave your (elves and 
 "the Common-weal. The word was no foonerout ot his month, but his fword was out of fcab- 
 bard, and with a pointed battaillon took his way through the midll of the enemies: and when the 
 Numidians flanked them,and fhct hard at theirrighclide that l:)y open to them, they fhilted their 
 targets to their right arm, and foefcaped, to the number of 600. unto the bigger camp, and forth- 
 with from thence joinirgto the other greater comp.my, they retired themfeh estate to Cawfipim. 
 Thefe exploits were performed by men yanquiflied, more upon a preibnt ft of couraj^e, as each L 
 mans natural inftincf guided, or chanceied him, then either any fage advi:e of their own, or com- 
 mand of other. 
 
 Now when all the reft came about y^»;«7W,immediatIy upon this noble viclory.to conpratu'ac 
 and rejoice with him. yea, and to ad vile him, that after lo great a battel performcd,be fliouldtbe 
 i€ft of that day, and thewholenightfoliowing, bothreireQi himfelf, and alio give rell and repo'.e 
 to his wearied fouldiers : M^:arbalt General ol the Cavalry, was of mind that it was no giving 0- 
 ver thus: Nay (quoth he) that you may know of what confequence this battel is, you fhall break 
 yonrfaft and eat your dinner five days hence in the Capitol. Follow hardly with your horfemen, 
 that they may fee you are come, before they hear that you are comming.No,faith y^^wWaoain, 
 let curriers on Gods name go afore, and Ipare not to carry news thereof: Your wotds are good, M 
 and it is a gay matter and plaufible you fpcak of: but the way thereto is loncer, and more then I 
 I can prefently conceive and comprehend;! giveyou thanks Maharbal-, and I commend yourgood 
 mind and forwardnefs;but we had need to dehberat and paule further upon this point.Ah (quoth 
 Maharbal)u\ii it is, I fee well, that God hath not endued one man with allgifts. Thouhallthe 
 way O Anmhal.xo wina vi6fory,butnotthegrace toufea vi£lory. Andl'urely, in this one dayes 
 delay jas it was certainly believed, flood the fatety and prefervation of the City 5c Empire o{ Rome-, 
 The morrow arter,fo foon as ever the day began to 3ppear,ihey minded only and intended the ga- 
 thering ofl'poils,ard to view thatgreatbutchery and daughter •• a pitifuland lamentable f^ght e- 
 ven to the very enemies to behold. So many ihoufand Romans lay there along in every place, 
 horfemen and footmen pell mell, one with «nother, according as their hap was to meet together, N 
 and either to join in fi"ht, ordieinflight.Some were teen to arileup all bloody from out of the 
 midft of the flaughterea bodies, fuch,as the bitter morning cold had nipped their wounds, and 
 made them to (fart up by reafon of their tmart, and were by the enemy knocked down again and 
 ki.led.Otherfomethey found lying along flill alive.ciu fborterby thethighs&h3ms,whooffTed 
 their bare necks Si throats to be cut & ca;l'd unto them to let forth the rcli of their blood.Divers 
 were found with theirheadscovered withinthe earth, who as it appeared hadmadethemfelvs 
 holes & and gutters intheground.forthispurpole,to inter themfelvs;whereinto they thruft their 
 mouths & faces. &: being buried with mould caff over them, were fo (lifled & choaked. But above 
 all the reft there was one that drew every mans eye upon him &: made them all to wonder-,a Nu- 
 midian with his nofe and ears piteoufly mangled Sc cropt.but yet alive, lying under a Roman dead, q 
 For when his hands fo wounded as they were,wouldnot ferve him to handle a weapon. for very 
 anger he fel mad &lay(fo!ongas he had any breath v\ithin himjbiting his enemy with his teeth. 
 After they had fpent agood part of theday in gathering Ipoils, Auml^.i! ma relied forward to 
 affanlttheleffercamptandfirft andtbrmofthe turned alide the arm of the river that flanked them, 
 and fo excluded them from the water. But they all within being over-wearied with toil, 
 with watching and bleeding of their wounds , yeelded fooner then he looked for: and, 
 covenanted, /w^jr.wu, to deliver up their armor and horfes: Item, topay 500, Quadrigate 
 
 peeces
 
 Thd tmj and uvsntietb Boo '{ofT. Li vi us. qj c^ 
 
 Apeecesotiilver, for every Roman: 200. for every one of the Aliies: and every bondman 100 a 
 pee:e. /.•<>»;, thac afcerCiis ranfompaid, chey flioulddepaycin their lingle apparel. Thus they re- 
 ceived their enemies into the camp, and were themfeh es put 3,1 in ward : but, Allies and Citi- 
 zens by themfehes, apart one irom the other. While they trifled time there, there were abouc 
 40C0. foctmen, and :oo horfemen, even as many as either their lirength or hearts would terve, 
 who out of the greater camp lied to C-a .</;;«/?;, fome marching in order, others fcattering abroad 
 over the fields, which wasnottheworleway of the twain, and lefs laie. And then the camp was 
 fiirrendered to the enemy , by thole that were hurt and hearclefs, upon the fame conditions that 
 the other was. A rich booty was there gotten: and fetting ahdehorles,.-ind men, ard hlver. which 
 B they ufed much in trappings and caparilons 01' their hor'.es, (for fonidiers, beyel'ure, occupied 
 very little hiver, either in their own apparrel, orattheirboord) all the pillage was given to be 
 rifled and ranfacked amongfl them.Thcnhegavecommandment that the dead boditrs ofhisown 
 men fhould be gathered together for co be buried. And as men fay, they were to the number of 
 eight ihoufand, all right valiant and hardy men. Some Authors report, that the Roman Conlul 
 alfo wasfought up and interred. As tor thofe, which cfcaped to Cm.//? /w, were by the Cahufins 
 entertjined only within the walls, and lodged in their houles: but a noble Lady and a wealthy, 
 namedi?«/Ii, relieved them with fome victual, apparrel, yea, and money alfo in their purfes for 
 their journey. In regard of which bountiful liberality ofhcfSjattcrihe war was hniflicd, lliew.s 
 l;ighly honored by theSenat of ^e>?'f. 
 Q Now, there were amongd them four Colonels-, namely, f.i^/'«j .^f.ix. of the fir!! Legion vvhofe 
 fnher had been Dii"lator the year before ; and L. P.'d-l'cjus Btiuly.s, ofthe fecond Legion, toce- 
 iher with P. Corml, Sdpio^znd /ifpius Claudius Pidcher of the third Legion who had been /Edile 
 but lately afore: and by gcneril confent of them all, P. Sctfo, a very young man, and ApX lindens 
 were ( hofen to bear the foveraign rule, and to have the abfolute command and conduit of the ar- 
 my. But as they fat with fome few others, in counfeltogether about the mannaging of their main 
 affairs, behold P.Furi.a /*/;;////, whofe father had been a Conful, gave them to underlland, thac 
 all their confultations were in vain, and that they did butio!!er and theriOi afoojfli hope of an 
 overthrown Ihte : for the Common-weal was in a dcfpcraie cafe, pali all cure, and remedilefs. 
 Alfothatcertain noble young Gentlemen, of whom L.CeciU-^ yl/iTcA'(<i wasthe principiK min- 
 £) dcd nothing eife but to take fea, and were ready to embark, to abandon //<i^?,and to fly forfuccor 
 to fome King or other. This evil tidings as it was mo[T grievous and heavy in it felf: fo falling out 
 as it did, prefently upon other misfortunes fo fuddenly and uniookcd for, put them intodieir 
 dumps, and wonderfully amazed and affonied th'em all. And when they that were prefent in place 
 laid their heads together, and thought good to call others to counfehipon this point, Sapioa. 
 young man, even then predefined to be the fatal Captain of this war, anfwered: What do we 
 here ? (quoth hej it is no time now to lit confulting in fo great extremity, but leaving all dif^our- 
 fes, prefently ro proceed to adion, and to do fomeexploit. As many therefore as are willing to 
 fave theCommon-weal,takearmsandgo with me forthwith: for no where are our enemies (to 
 fay a truth) encamped again'.l us more, then where fuchdefignmentsare plotting; and contriving. 
 E Forth he went with a few following after him,unto the lodging oiMetdhts :and finding there the 
 young CJentlemen afore'aid, dofe together in counfel thereabout : he drew his fword, and bran- 
 diflit it naked over their he^ds, astheyf:tin confultation. " I fwear before you all f quoth he) 
 "•and I fwear from my very heart,and no niannrgeth me thereto^that 1 formy part, will neither 
 "forfake the Common-weal nor I'uffer any Citizen elfe of /?»»«? to abandon her. And iflfailwit- 
 " ting and willing, then confound me Ojnp.Opr. .^/^.v. and bringamoR fliamefulend upon my 
 *' houfe, my family, and all that I have. Swear ttiou O L. CectUus after me, as I have done, I ad- 
 " vife thee : and ye all that are here prefent take the fame oath : for whofoever fliallrefufe. know 
 "he affuicdly, that upon him I have drawn this fword. Hereat they being no Icis terrified, then 
 if they had fcenthe Conqueror him!elf.i/;j;.'?7'..7inperfon took the oath every one, and yeelded 
 p themfel ves unto Sc/p:o. for to be kept in ward to ferve againll An,iib.il, 
 
 At the fame timcf whiles thefe things were working at (;'<jA;«7///a», there arrived at Ffw//?^ up- ' 
 on fourthoufand foot ajid horfemen together, fuch as in their flight had been feparated afun- 
 der allovcr the fields, and repaired unto the Confnl there. The Vennf.ns took order for them 
 all, that they fliould be gently cniettained, and tareiully tended, and dividcdinto feveralhonfes: 
 and they befto wed upon the horfemen, a fidecaflock, a coat, and * 2;. Oitadrigates a peece : and » 1 y s, 7.d.ob. 
 gave ten i^/Wr/'r^/ct to every footman : and armor befides, to as many as wanted. And in all o- ftcr.AQuadri. 
 therconrtefies othofpitality,both piibli^k and privat, they drove and endeavoured that the peo- g'te,wliich it a 
 pie ofFe :tffiu fliould not in any kind of friendly offices, come behind ore woman of Camtfium. coynVmone" 
 Howbeit in regardof the great multitude the burden and charge lay more heavy upon dame Bu- the Romans 
 ;j/^;fornow their number was rifen to be ten thoufmd.Then Appins and Sr/p ha\ ing intelligence ihe fame that 
 that the other Conful was alive and well, dilpatehed a meflenser prefentlV' to advettifehimho'v ^('■^^''i'*^- f»I- 
 many footmen and horl'cmen there were in all with thein : and to know his pleafurc withal. whe- 'f • ^ . "^u"" 
 ther he would command the army to be brought unto Ftf««y;i^, or abide dill at Cfinnfmm. But V^^r- riot drawn 
 ro (the Conful) of his own accord brought his forces to C.i-'^nfium. So as by this time, they made with four hot- 
 a pretty good fliew of a Confular army, and feemed fufluient to defend themfelves, if not by res,rcprercn- 
 force ofarmsin the field, yetat leadwife, with the (irength of walls within the town. But the J^f q" ^g ""^ 
 ricwscama to Rom?^ that there was not fo much as this fmall remnant left of Citizens and „^^^^, 
 
 K k :; Con-
 
 o-jS ^he ipjo andtipentietb Boo\ofT. Livius. 
 
 Confederates together: bvu that the two Confuls and both the armies were put alltotbervvord,H 
 and hewn in pieces to thclalv man. Never was there known lo great a terroiir and turmoil wuh- 
 jnthe walis oiRome^znd the City ilill remaining in lat'ety.) I wih therefore even atfirli, hnk un- 
 der my load and f.iyin^^ nothing at all : and never will I go about to recount thofe things by dil- 
 courfc of words, which in repoiting, 1 fhould make lefs then they were indeed. Fortnere went 
 not now, a flying rumor firlt of one foil, and then ot another; today of this lofs, and tomorrow 
 of that ; as the year before- when t! e Confnl and his army were defeated at Thraffweue-is; but ma- 
 nifold over;hrows together were multiplied and altogether at orn-e to wit, how both theCon- 
 fulswere (lain, and two Confnlar armies lolt : no camp, nctapavil'on of the Romans lett ftand- 
 ing: neither Leader nor Souldier remaining alive: and how ylKnil;. I was now become Lord of j; 
 hfulla, of Sa.mnium.^ and well ncer of all hai) full and whole. And verily, there is not ^ fuppofe) 
 a nation undc r tic cope of heaven befidcNjbnt would have been overwhelmed and crulLed utter- 
 ly under the huge heap and heavy weight of lo great a ruin &: overthrow.Should Icomparether- 
 vvich the defeat and fcJilthat the Carthaginians received at the Uland &.gates'\vi aconflid atfea? 
 wherewith they were fo quelled, and their backs fo broken, that at one clap they loft Stcllia and 
 5<j>-<^;>/^ both, and that whi^h more is, yeeld-edthemfelves tributaries and fubje6ls to the people 
 of ^owf. Or fliould Imjkecomparifonoftheir unfortunate and unhappy battel in A//;/c^ after- 
 wards ? wherein this very f;mc Knynhal gave overplay, yeelded the bu^klersjand confelled himfelf 
 vapquifhcd. Nay tlicy are not any way comparable with this, but only that they were born and 
 fupporced wu';-, iefs courage, and valourofmmd. 'j^ 
 
 Well;tOr-rucced,?.F«>-;«/ T'/?;/;//, and M.Tom^onir.si\\z Pretors, aflembled the Senat in the 
 Court li':\;il-a..{oi to confult about the defence and guard of the City ; for they made no doubt, 
 but row that the armies were both defeated_theenemy would fpeedily come toafTanlt P,Dme^\}a^ 
 only piece of work, and warlike fervice that remained behind undone. But being to leek what 
 coun!eltotake5and what rejpedy todevifefor redrefs of thefe calamities, fo exceeding great and 
 grievous, and vet not known to the full, and interrupted and llirewly troubled behdes with the 
 clamorous n-ifes and pUmts of women : whiles that in every houfe almoU, theyceaiednotto 
 mourn, weep, and wailconfufedlyjas well for the quick as the dead (b^caufe as yet it was not c- 
 "penly and for certain known who were alive, and who were (lain.) Then Fa'ws Max. gave 
 '■ his opinion; that certain light horfemen fliouid be madeout and ftnt forth by the highways A/:- j^ 
 ^^ phizr\d LatiKa and toride alor^ and enquire ofthem whcmthey hafncd to rreet with,(fi'ch 1 
 "mean as fled, and vvcrefcattercd here and there afiinder) ifhappi.y lome ofthemcould report 
 " upon his knowledge, what was become of rheOnnfuls and thearmies : and in cafe the im- 
 " mortalgods had of thcirmer, y andcompuffion !'p;rea lome poorrcmn^nt Mill of this milerable 
 "and v\otul Empire, for the Roman name; whe ethat refdi:e oMmal5 forces vvas;what way A«- 
 '' !t:balr.oo\; andv\hither he wasgor.e after thebattel was fought; what preparationhemaketh, 
 " what prcfently heis doing,orintendeth for to do. His adi ice was, I fay, thattoefpy, hearken 
 " and learn certainly, thefe premiles, certain luHy young men, active and induftrious, fhouldbe 
 '■ imployed.But for the LL, of the Sen^t thus much, thatconfidcring there were few MagiOrates 
 **■ at home, and thole not able to rid the City of this tumultuous and fearful hurlibnrly, therefore j^ 
 *' they fhould take upon themfelves, to debar the dames and women for coming abroad, and 
 *' force them every one ro keep home, and tarry within doors; to reltrain the plaints and outcries 
 *■ of houfholds and families ; to caufelilence throughout the City ; to take order that all Pofts, 
 '* and meficngers of news, fhould be broughtbefore the Pretors ; and that every man fhonld at- 
 " tend athomethetiding<:, goodcjr bad, that concerned himfcif, or his own Rate. Over and be- 
 " f:des, that they fhouldfet warc^ersat thegatesjto fee that no perfon went out oftheCity:ard 
 *' compel every man to hope for no other earthly fafety for themfelves, but in the prefervation of 
 "theCity, and walis thereof. And when the tumult and hurry is once hufbt, then (quoth he^ 
 " may the Senators well be called again into the Councel-Hou.e, and confult for the defence and 
 ^'fafeguardofthe City. When all the aflembly liked well, and approved of this opinion.and went j^j 
 every man onr<a^»j his Hde withoi.tccrtradiftion,foas the market place, ^y authority of the 
 Magifirates, was cleared and voided of the multitude, and the Senators were divided and gone 
 fundry way to appeafe the upoars: then at la!l, came letters from Tcrc/.v/w; the Conful, impor- 
 ting, ih-r .:..j£wy//7<^ the Conful was flain together with the army.' thathimfelf was atC^w«y;- 
 «»», bni c in rallying the reliques of fo great an overthrow, as it were after a (hipwrack upon the 
 fea : and there were ten ihonfand fouldiers of them, or very nere, and thol'e much out ot frame 
 and good order. As for Aw« b^^l, he fat flill new at Cr'.;i>:tt, bufily occupied about the ranfoming ot 
 prirore.s,-.nd intcniiveto therefl of thefpoil and pi lage : not meai'uring the victory with the 
 mind and lonrage ofaconq-oeror, ncr yet after the guife and manner of a noble warriwrand great 
 commanc'er. Then were the p. iv at and particular loflesalfo divulged and fpread abroad through q 
 every man his houfe and family, and the whole Cityvvasfo filled with forrow and lamentation, 
 that the Anniverfary folemnity of facrifices to Ceres was forelet, becaufe it was not lawful for 
 thofe that mourned ro celebrate the fame: and there was not a matron throughout the City, but 
 was in beavinefs and forrow for thetime. Leif therefore other facrifices likewife.as wellpublick 
 asprivat. upon the fame occafion, fhould be neglected and difcontinued, there pafTed an Aft 
 oftheSen:t, by venue whereof a term was prefixed, to make an end of mourning within thir* 
 tydays. Now was the trouble of the City no fooner allayedj and the Senators called again 
 
 into
 
 i tfs WJ and twentieW aooi{Oj 1 . J^ivius. ^^y 
 
 ^into theCounceUHoufe: buc to mend the matter, there were ether letters brought out of S-.aly 
 Irom 7". Oi.?.ic-/7/«/ the Vli-e-pretor, notifying thus much, That the renlm of ///fro was much wa- 
 ned by the Carthaginian navy : and when he would have fuc^oured hi;n at hisearneft fuit andpe* 
 tion, there was another Armadoready rigged, decked and furnifhed, riding by thelflands Airc- 
 ro-j waiting the opportunity of the time,ttiat when the Carthaginians perceived once that he had 
 turned and bent hisfor^es to the detenieof the coad and river i7r<jr/<'/l', they might immediatly 
 let upon L(7) /'<«.'/»;, and the reil of the Roman pro\ ince. And theretore in cale they were minded 
 to aid and maintain a confederate King, and defend the Realm of 5;c//f', they miiH ofnecellky rig 
 and man another fleet out of hand.VVhen the letters both of the Conful and alfo of the Vice-Pre- 
 B tor were read, agreed it was. and thought meet, that ^.C/rtW/«.r, Admiral of the fleet which rid 
 inthc h.irbour oiOftia, fliould be fent unto thearmy at CaaifiMrfh and letters bedi'^patched with- 
 al unto the Conful, willing him upon thedelivery otilie army unto the Pretor, torepairunto 
 Eor,>e\y'iih allfpeed polfible and not fail, fo far forth as hemight, without any detriment and hin- 
 drance ot the Common weal. Befdesihcfe fo great loffes andadverfuies, men were put in fear 
 with fundry prodigious tokens •• and among others, in thatoncycar,twoVe(tal Virgins, Op;>«/.t, 
 and FloroiiLj, were deteiled and attainted ot manifell whoredom : the one of them was buried 
 quick, as the manner was, underthegroundat thegateCo////r<j, theother killed herl'elf, L.Can- 
 tilt:is (a Secretary or Scribe unto the Billiops, whom now they call * Mmnres Poyitificef)xk\Z'^zix.'^ » -p. p 
 whohadcommitted fornication with F/orow/^, was by the chief or high Prielf fo beaten with rods or Minor Pre- 
 
 QintheComituin;, that he died under hishand. This heinous Lift, and enormous offence falling l»tes. 
 out among fo many misfortunes and calamities, was reckoned, I fay, (as nfually it \s) for a porten- 
 tous fign ; and therefore the Decemvirs were commanded to fearchand peri]!ethe Books of 5;- 
 i^j/la. And Q^ Fabius Pttior was fent to De/phos, to confult with the Oracle there of yifoHo, and 
 to learn, by what prayers and fuppiicationsthey might pacifiethegods, and what would be the 
 end offo great and fearful miferies. In the mean while, out of the learning contained in thofe 
 books of deflinies, there were performed certain extraordinary Sacrihcesramong which , a Fren-h- 
 mantogether with a French woman ; likewife a Grecian man and woman, wereletdown alive 
 in the bead m.arketinto a vault under rhe ground Honed all about: a place aforetime embrued and 
 polluted with the blood of mankind facrihced, but not according to the ceremonies and relioi- 
 
 j) on of the Romans. When they had fuffii.iently^' as they thought} pacified the gods, Af. Claudtus 
 Marc^ll:is\zni\vom the haven of 0/?«Vi for the defenceand guard ofthe City, 1 500. fonldiers ; 
 whom he had levied and enrolled for the ferviceat fea.Himfelf having lent afore the legion belon- 
 ging to the Armado(whiih was the third^ with T/;c^»;j5i,^!c/;f«/ a Colonel, and delivered the 
 fleet unto /".Fwr//)!/ companion with him in commiirion: within fewdays after made hade, and 
 with great journeys arrived uCMnfmm.hx. R/me^hy vertueofthe Authority of the Senators. .^1/^. 
 Jun us was created Dictator, and T.Semj>ro>iim General ofthe horfe, who proclamed amufter, \ 
 
 and enrolled all the younger fort above 17. years old , yea, and fome alfo under that age, that yet 
 were in their * Pretexta, and were not come to * Tojra -jirila-.O^ihek were made up four legions * It waithc 
 full, and a thoufand horfemen. Likewife they fent unto their Allies, and namely toiheLatinena- "ppcrgarmene 
 
 E tion, to receive fouldiers from thence according to the form of the league: giving command- I^^Jij^'^^f^ll'?" 
 msnt,thatharnefs, weapons, and all other habiliments of war, fliould bein readinefs. Alfo to ufedantihiiey 
 furnifii out the army, they plucked from the Temples, and publi: k Galleries and walking Places, were tally ig, 
 the ancient fpoils and armor of their enemies. And for very need and want offreemen,they were y«'"o(age, 
 compelled to devife a new kind of moUering never ufed before : for they bought up in open mar- ^'?^""''"«<* 
 ket, vyith the City money, 8000. !ufty drong young men, nicer bond-Haves: but they demanded » C)tbc"wife 
 firit o' every one by himltlf, whetherthey were willing to ferie inthe wars, and fo they put called Pwa,* 
 them in armor. And they thought it better to t.ike up and levy fouldiers thus, then to redeem and d-ro^ ipv§@-, 
 buy again their own who were captives, albeit they might have been ranfomed for fmailcr fums bccauie it,wa$ 
 of money. For A>2niki^,i[\t: this fofortun.ue field iovghiiiCa>iinc, fettinghis mind wholly Hp- •'!**'"tf» «nd 
 
 F on the affairs belonging to sn abfoluteconquelf, rather then any more wars Icau.'edhis captives pu'rn"ic"whifh 
 to be brought forth, and fevered the Roman confederates apart fromthered; and unto them chcyputonat 
 fas he had done aforetime at 7Vr/J/.3, and theLakeT/jr/'/yw^'/wx^he fpake gracioufly, and fent '7' 
 them home unranfomed. The Romans alfo he called unto him, and gave them kind and loving 
 words, more then ever he had done before. "What ? we and the Romans (quoth he) war not 
 " mortally and deadly one with the other to the utmod: nay, our quarrel is rather for honour 
 '< and fovcraignry.Andasmy father and progenitors afore me.were fubdued of theRomjns,?rid 
 *'yee'ded at length to their valor and proweis:ro tke only thing thatlfeek for,andindeavor unto 
 •' isthis. That they likewife in their alternative turn, may give place unto my felicity ard vertuc 
 *' together. And therefore I grant the Rom2n<; this favor and liberty, to redeem their prifoners: 
 
 q" and this fliallbe t he ranlbm, for every mjnofarms 1 demsnd * 500 Quadrigi:ts^ ^ooforaioot- 
 " man. and 100. fori bondman. And albeit the horfemen«r.inlom was fomewhat inhan:ed a- 
 bove thai fum which they capitulated for, when they yeelded, yet glad they were to accept of 
 any condition and I ovenant whatfoever.So it was agrced,that tenout ofthem fbouldbechofen 
 by voices, togo to /Jawf unto the Senat : and betook no other pledge for aflurance of them but 
 their oath, tliat they would return again. With them wasfentC<i>f^rt/», a Noble man of C^rr/i^^* 
 with commilTion^if he could perceive haply the Romans en line to peace)to offer unto them con- 
 ditions, and to capitulate with them. They were not fo foon gone out ofthe camp, but one 
 
 of
 
 278 ^he m-o aminventietb Boo\ofT.LWms. 
 
 i>} 
 
 ofthem (i man of r,o Roman nature and dilpofticn) made femblance, as if he had forgotten H 
 fomevvhat behind him, and lo 10 d;fchjrgehirEfelf(toiicoth) othis oath^retnircd into the camp, 
 and before nighc overtook his company again. When word was brought, chat they were coming 
 to Rome-, there was a Liwtor feiit out to meet C-rihalo upon the way? and to warn him in the 
 name of iheDi^tacoD before night to deparc out of the conHnes ot the territory of Rofne, Brt 
 the Committees of the Captives had audicn.e granted them in the Senat-houfeby theDidator. 
 And the principal man among them, ^<!:x,w "jumus^ fpal.c in thismanner. 
 the o,stion " Right hoiwurabie, and my very good LL. of the Senat, There is not one of you all ignorant, 
 o( A/.>£i«4 to c', [hat nener any City whatfoever, hath been at lels charge for redeeming ofpriloners taken in 
 ih; S;nac. " yvars, and made fo fmallreg.Kd of them j then ours. Burif we be not blinded incur own con- I 
 '*ceit,and think better of our caufe, then there is reafon: never were there any fouldiers that fell 
 " into the hands ofourenemiesmoreio be accounted ctby you then we are. And why?Weyeel- 
 " ded not our weapons in battel for cow ardize and fear , but after that we had (food well neer un- 
 " tilnight fighting O'.er the dead bodies of our fellows flain, and fomaintained theiightto the 
 "•very lad, then we retired our feives into the camp. The relt of the day and night following, 
 "uotwithliandingv/e were weary with tra\e!, and taint of our hurts, yet we manfully defended 
 <' onr ramp.irc. The morrow aicer, when we were befec and invelled round about by the conque- 
 " tors army, yea-.and excluded 'torn water;nnd fawno other hope at ail to break through our e- 
 " nemies.rangecj fofirong andclofetogecher, and thinking it not a matter of reproof,ardagainft 
 " the law of arms, that when 50000. of onr Citizens were flain in held, I'ome Roman fouldiers 
 "• fhouid remain aliie alter the battel of Ci'.w.a. ; then and not afore, we agreed upon a fum of 
 "money, that being ranfom.ed,wemightbe fet at large-,2nd lb we yeelded unto the enemies our 
 " weapons, wherein now we faw no help at all. We have heard likewife, that our anceRorsre- 
 *' deemed theailelvestrom the Gauls with a fum of goldrand our fathers alfo, not withftanding 
 '' they were molt Uraight laced, and hardly brought to capituhte and compound lor peace, yec 
 "fent Embafladors to T.:rf/r'?.v;,-,lorto redeem their captives: and both thofe battels, firH in/r.i- 
 "/; with tlie G.uilsjand then before Her, idea with P;?-r^v;f, were not fo ignominious andfbame- 
 "fulfor the lolle it lelf, asfor thelright and bcalily running away. But the pl.iins o\Can:-:£. are 
 " covered all over with heaps of Rosnan bodies ; and we that be here had not remained alive af- 
 "ter them, but that the enemies Hi'erigth held outnolonger nor their fword would 'ervetokill ^ 
 "any m.ore. And yet there be feme of our men alfo who fied not back in battel : butbeingleft 
 ''behind to guard the camp, were taken prifoners by the enemy as well as we, at what time as it 
 "was furrendredinto their hands.Certainiy,! envy net the !ortnne,nor repine ac the weltare and 
 '•goodelfateof any Cit lienor fellow fouldicr, neither would I be thoughttheman, whobyde- 
 "■ bafmg another, would feem to advance my felf.But even they \erily (unlcfsperad venture good 
 ''footmanfhip and fwift running deferve reward) who for themolf part fled c;:tot the field un- 
 " armed,and never (iintcd before_they gat Venufia or C.-'-'wfutm over their heads,cannot juftly pre- 
 *' fer themfelves before us, nor boalt and glory, that they (land the Common- weal in better flead , 
 *'• then we. Find them you flvallfl doubt not) good men and valorous fouldiers: fo fliall youus' 
 '■ too, yea, and more ready to do true fervice to our country, in that by your bounty and good y^ 
 '■ means we have been ranfomed and reftored again into our country .Ye have levied fouldiers of 
 ''all ages and degrees,and I hear fay, there be Soco. bondmen in arms.Weareno fewer innum- 
 *' ber our felves, and redeemed we may be with as fmali moneys as they are bought. I fay no more 
 '■ butfo,for if I fliould make farther comparifons between us and them, I mud do wrong to the 
 "Roman name and nation. This is a fpecial thing moreover ^my LL.J which in mine advice ye 
 '' areduelytoconfider in this deliberation, in cafe ye be fo hard-hearted, as to have no regard of 
 "us,orofourdefert,namely,in whatenemies band ye leave us. Itis with /"rrr/.i/^peradveniure, 
 "who ufed us bemg his prifoners, like friends and guelis. Nay , is he not a Barbarian and Cartha- 
 "ginian .' who whether he be mere covetous or cruel, can hardly be imagined.© that ye faw the 
 " irons and chains, the nally hlthinefs and foul ufageof your Citizens. 1 amaflured, you would f^ 
 *' be no lefs moved and affedfed to comp.ifllon at the fight thereot, then if ye belaid on the other 
 '' f.de your Legions lying flain all over the plains and fields of C<i'^'«. Ye may obferve and behold 
 '* the forrowlulchear.ard fait tears of our kinsfolk (fandingherein the porch and entry of this 
 " Court, and waiting for your anfwer. And if they fo fare, and are fo penhve for us, and for theiH 
 "that areabfent, what heavy hearts have they themfelves ("thinkye) whofeliberty and whofe 
 " life lieth now a bleeding? And in good faith, iffobe^K;.'//'j/ himfelf would, contrary to his 
 *'mturc, be refpe(5tive and mercifi:l to us,yet fhould we think our livesdid us frsall good,fo long 
 *■'■ as we are reputed of you unworthy to be ranfomed and redeemed. There returned in times paft 
 "to ^«)we certain captives, fent home by /"jrr/.va without any ranfom paid, but the returned ac- 
 "companied with Hmbafl'adors, right honorable perfonages of this City, who had been fent for q 
 " their redem.pcion. And lliall 1 return unto my country agsin not elfeemed a Citizen worth 
 '• joo.Deniers. Eueryman hath a mindby himfelf, andafanfieof his ownmyLL. And I woe 
 *■' well, that my body and life is in jeopardy. But I fear more the hazard ofhonorand good name, 
 *' Ifrt we fliould be thoughttondemned and rejedled by you. For the world will never beleeve, 
 '"■•that youdid i: to fpareyourpurfe, and to five money. 
 
 Whenhe had made an end ofhisfpeech. imimediatly the multitude who were gathered toge- 
 ' ther in the common place, let up a lamentable and piteous cry, and held out their hands unto the 
 
 Couofel- 
 
 \
 
 i be tivo and tmentteth Boo {of F. Li vi us. q y 6 
 
 A Councel-houl'e, befeeching the LL. ofthe Senat to let them have and enjoy their children, their 
 brethren, and kinsfolk again. The very women alio, lor fear and necefiity, thrult themielves a- 
 mong this prefs oFmen in the market piace.But when all others belides the Senators were voided, 
 they began to debateand conl'uit about the matterin hand. Great variance there was in opinion. 
 Some thought it reaion, that their ranlom were disburfed out ot the common chefi: others were 
 «f mind, that the City fhouldbeat no charge at all for their redemption: marrv they wonldnoc 
 be againll it, but that they might be enlarged and de!i\ tred at their own coft and expenfes. And 
 in caie there were any that had not ready coin enongh for prefent payment, the chamber of the 
 Cicy (hould lend them money, fo as the people might have good lecurity, as well by fureties 
 B bound, as by their good and lands, morgaged for the fatisfaciion of that debt. And when T, 
 ManltusTor^utttrts-, a man of the old world forprecife feverity,and as moll folk tlioiiohttoo too 
 hard and auftere in this point, was demanded his opinion, hefpakcjby report, to the caule in this 
 wife. 
 
 - " If the Committees ('quoth he) \ud treated and madefuit, for the recempiion of them only The Orstion 
 .'*thatarecaptiveinthehand3oftheenemies,and there (laicd ; iftheyhadnot touched the per- °*^-^'"'''« 
 "■fonofany other belides,! wouldjinfew words ha\e knit up my verdidb and judgement of them. Jj'cS''"'t'" 
 "■For what need I to have done elie, but put you in mind, and exhort you, to obferve the cufiom * * 
 '' delivered unto you from your ani.elfors,anci to maintain the examp^e.fo good and neceflary for 
 '' thefervkeofyvar. But now, feeing they ha>e not only juHihed, butalfo(asit were) glorified 
 Q ''themfelvcs, in that they yeelded unto theenemies, and thought it good reafon to be preferred. 
 "not only before them that were taken prifoners by the enemies in the field, but a ho thofethat 
 " laved themfel ves, and efcaped to Vem-.fta, and Cannftum ; yea, and before C. Terentiui himfelfthe 
 " Conful ; 1 willnot hide any thing from you my LL.but ai quaint you with every thins that was 
 "donethere. And would to God, th.u the words which 1 will utter herein your prefence, I 
 " might deliver at C<in/y;«»;, even before the body of the army, the be(i witnefs of every mans 
 " covvardifeor valour: or at lead wife, that P , Semfroiitu were prefenr here alone wliomif thefe 
 ''fellows would have followed as their leader, they had been fouldiers at ihij diy in the Roman 
 " camp, and not captives at the devotion oftheenemies. Forwhilesthe enemie-; were vvearied 
 " with fight, joyous and jocund oi their <relli vidory, and molt ofthem retired into their own 
 £) "campJthey might have had the whole night to lave themfeives at their pleaiure: and it'thatwere 
 "not, yet being leventhoufanddrong, they had been able to have made a lane through them, 
 " were they never fo thick, and to have bro!;fn away in defpighc of their h-earts. But nciihcrat- 
 >•' tempted they fo much of themfeives, nor yet would follow the leading of another./'.i'fwiinrd^?- 
 "«< TV/i^/r.wwi-ceafed not all night long almolt, co fexhorr,toadmonifh, and encourage them, for 
 >'■ to follow his conduiftjto take the time when but a few oft heir enemies were about their camp, 
 " whiles they were at repofe and reft, and whiles the night lafted favourable unto them, for to 
 '' hide and cover iheirenterprife : perfwading with them, that before day light they mighteafiiy 
 ••' reach unto places of fecurity, and arrive lately at the Cities of their Allies. Like as in the days 
 " of our Grandfathers, T. Dedus a Tribun Colonel in Sa»i>i!tim ; like as of late time when I vvas 
 E " a young man my td^.^ inthefirll punick v>m^Calphf'.rniHs Flnmmaiii'^ unto three hundred his 
 '' voluntary fouldiers, at what time as he minded to lead them to the gaining ofalittleHill,ftan- 
 "dinginthemidlt of his enemies.- Let us die hardly my fouldiers, and by our death faveandde- 
 " liver our Legions, bel'ct and befieged round about. liP.Serf.prowus had faid fo much to you, 
 -" he would never have elleemed you men of valour nor yet Romans,if no man among you would 
 " have born him company,or feconded him in that fmgular vertue.But he fhe wed you a plain and 
 '^ eafie way, leading as well to life and fafety, as to honour and glory. He offered himfelf to be 
 '< your guide, to bring you to your native country; to your parents, your wives and children :yec 
 '"' would not your hearts ferveyouto efcape and lave yourlelves. Where had your hearts been 
 *' then, if he would havehad youtodiefor your country ? 50000. ol our Citizens ana Confede- 
 F " rates, lay that very day tlainatyour feet. If fo many examples ot manhood andvertue could 
 " not move you, /nothing in the world will ever m.ove you ; it fo great a foil and overthrow was 
 " not able to make you defpife and fee little by this life ; none will ever do it.Defire home a Gods 
 " name, and long after your native country, whiles ye are free and in fa'ecy : nayjdefire to bein 
 "your country, whiles it is your country, aisd whiles ye are Citizens thereof. Now your defire 
 <' and longing Cometh too late, being disiranchi'.ed, having loll your former eftate and right of 
 *' Citizens, and made your felves bondflaves to the Carthagini.ins.Think ye for a peece of money 
 '* to recover your liberty again, and to return to your former degree, from which through faint- 
 " heartednefeandcowardize ye are fallen > You would not he-irkcn not ^^^ tar to P . Semfoni- 
 " t!s your Citizen, willingyou to take weapon in hand and to follow after him: but anon3ftcr,ys 
 G" could liilen after y^w«.'^,«A commanding you to betray and render thecamp, and deliver up youtf 
 *,' armor. But why blame I their litherncfs and daftardly fear; when Imiy rdprove and accule them 
 •'for willlnl and lewd wickednefs ; For rhey not only refufed to be ruled by his good counfel and 
 *i^ exhortations, but alio attempted to hinder and (ky him in his intended enrerprize, had not 
 '• right h^rdy and valiant men with their fwords drawn, fet thefe daflardly beafts farther off. P. 
 ** Semfroiiitny I tell yon, had fomewhat ado, to pal's the ranks and fquadronsofhis owncountri- 
 *■' men ibefore he could breakthrough thebattaillonof his enemies. Longcth ourcountry to have 
 • thelcforherCuizens ? who if the reft had beenlikerhem, (hotildby this day, have had never 
 
 aon-c
 
 ^So The two mdwentieth Boo\ofT, Liv ius. 
 
 a one of them thac foughc ac Cj»;;<«, for her Citizens. Of feven choufand armed fouldiers, there H 
 were found 600 that bad the heart to break away^maugre the enemies, to efcape and return with 
 liberty, and with their armor, home into their country, notwithHanding there were forty thou- 
 fand enemies to rehli them: how eafily then and fately, deem you, might 3 power almolt of two 
 Legions, have palled through them and gone their ways ? [Ye had had this day my Lords twenty 
 '■"thoufand at C a;iufinrfj,oi i\^t brave hardy, and loyaifouldier?;. But now which way can thele 
 '^ cowards poffib.y be reputed true and faithful Citizen-ffor valiant fouldiers,! am fore,they will 
 "not think themfelves, nor take upon them to be, unlefs a man couldbeperfwadcd and be- 
 "leevcthey wereluch)vvho wouldhave impeached and withBood the red tor getting away even 
 '< when they were at the point to open a pafl'age ; or that they rather do not envy now, both the 
 "fafcty and alfo the honor of others which they have won by prowefs ; knowing in their own I 
 *' conlcience, that their timoroufnefs and cowardlinefs was thecaufe ofmoft ignominious and 
 " fhameful lervitude. They loved better to dole within their pavilion?, and to look for the day 
 "lightandtheenemy together: when as in the ililldead time of the night, they had the appor- 
 '' tunity to efcape. But how then ? Although their hearts fai:ed them to break away out of the 
 "camp, yet to defend the fame manfully ,ihey had lourageand valor enough. Bef^eged they were, 
 " flraiily bcleaguer'd : invelled they were day and n ght for a good timetand in their armor forced 
 " to (-land upon their guaid,and manfully ihey quit themfelves withintheirramparr,ardat length 
 "(God wot) when they had allayed and endured allextremities, when allfuccors failed themfor 
 " fullentation ofthislifeifo pinched with hunger and lb enfeebled, that they were not able to 
 **bear their own armor and lift up their weapons; overcome at thelaft, rather with the necefli-K 
 " ty of mans trail nr.ture.then by the violence of the enemies.thcy, good men.gave over and yeel- 
 "ded themfelves. N ay iorfooth, it is neither fo borfo. The morrow morning when the fun arofe, 
 " the enemies advanced and approached toward the rampart : ancf within two hours after,vvith- 
 "out any trial and hazard ofskirmifh,they delivered up their weapons and thcmfelves.Thus ye 
 "feewhat theirgood fervicewas, for two days together. When they fliould haveftood toitin . j 
 " field, andfought. then they fled back to their tents: when they were to guard and defend their " 
 "trench and rampart, they furrendered them to the enemy; good no whercjneither in battel nor 
 , "inballil. I agree to ranfomyou, you (1 fay) when you ought to have fallied forth of the camp, 
 *' linger behind and flay ll ill: and when need wat,to abide by it and to defend itlikevali:,ntmen, 
 '•furrendercamp, give up your weapons, andyeeld your own bodies to the enemy rNay,but to 
 *' fpeak what I think, my fentence is('my LL.)that thefe fellows deferve no more to be ranfomed, 
 " then thole to be delivered unto AamhttU who iffued out of the camp^pierced through t he midft 
 " of the enemies,and moft valiantly faved th^mfelves,for to do lerv ice another day in their coun- 
 *'try. When .^(«^/i«^ had faid, albeit the prifoners were allied neer in kindred to moft of tffe 
 Senators : yet over and befides the precedent of the City it felf, which never frotti tbe firfi begin- 
 ning favoured the redemption of fuch fouldiers, as fuffered themfelves to be taken prifoners: thfe 
 ranfom it felf, which amounted to a good round fum made them to paufe : becaufe they were un- 
 willing both to empty the publick treafury ; (having already dilbnrfed great fnms, inbuyingup 
 bond-flaves, and arming them for the watsjand alfo that v4»wi<?/ /'who .-;s the voice Went, was . 
 at a very great (land for money) (hould be enriched therby. When this their anfwer was returned, M 
 to wit, Noredemption of captives: there was a new fit of weeping and wailing afrefli added to 
 the former forrow of the people, namely for the lofs of fo many Citizens ; and fo with many a 
 tear that they fhed,with fundry plaints and moans which they made,they accompanied the Com- 
 mittees abovefaid, asfaras the gate. One otthe ten went hometohishoufethe fametime, who 
 tipon a fraudulent and cautelous return made into the enemies camp, as is aiorelaid, fuppofed he 
 had acquit himfelt and disburdened his conlcience of his oath. Which being known and recoun- 
 ted to the Senat, they were all of mind that he fhould be apprehended,3nd attended with a good 
 and fufficient guard at the charge of the City, and fo carried back 10 Anmbd. There goeth ano- 
 ther report of thefeCaptiues, that firll there came ten of them as Committees: and when it was 
 debated in the Senat, and doubt made, whether they fhould be admitted into the City or no ; N 
 they were at length received, but fo, as that they had no audience in the Sesat : and upon longer 
 ftay made then they looked for, three others followed after them to y^'it L.ScriboniHSyC.CalpHr- 
 nhis^z'ad L.Aianlms. Then by mediation of one Tribun of the Com.akin!m3nof5rn^o«/«/,the 
 matter was propounded in the Senat concerning the ranfom of the captives; but granted it would 
 not be: whereupon the three latterCommittees returned to An>:ilra!, and the other ten that firft 
 came, remained (Hll behind : who upon a colourable occafion, had made an errand back to Afi»i' 
 tali when they were well onward on their way, to take a note, forfooth,of the names ofthepri- 
 foners, and thereby feemed to have diftharged their conlcience ofthe oath, Alfo, that in the Se- 
 nat there was hard hold, much queftion and variance, about the delivering of them again into the 
 hands oi AnMibahmd how at lait,they who were of opinion to have them rendered and lent back, 
 failed of their purpofe, by reafon they came fhort by fome voices and opinions, and that the o- 
 other fide carried it clean away. But by the next Cenfors that came in place, they were fo marked 
 and branded with all notes of difgrace and (hame,thatfome of them immediatly made themfelvs 
 away with their own hands : and the reft forbare,not only the common place and market all their 
 lifetimeafter, but alfo came not abroad, in manner, to be feen in the very ftreet, and never loo- 
 ked out of their doors.Thus a man ma/ tather marveUhat authors (hould fo differ among ikem- 
 
 felves>
 
 The three and trpentietb Bo9-[ofT, Livi us. 7} 
 
 ^felvec, than from any of them pick out and difcern the truth. But how much pjeater this over- 
 throw and lofle iiCa>!Ka was, than any ether before time, appeareth by this c\ ident argumenr,in 
 that thofe Allies, which ever to that day Hood fali and lure unto them, now fell to iTirinkand 
 fail: and furely forno earthly thing elfe, but becaufe they began to def^air of themain chance of 
 the whole State and Empire. For hereupon there revolted unto the Carthaginians, the Attel- 
 lansjtheCilatins the Hirpins, apart of iheApulians, all theSamnits, except'thePeteilins^all the 
 .Brutii ingtncr^l, and the Lucans. And more then chefe, the Surrentins, and the whole trjflwell- 
 neer, ot tlie Greeks along the lea coaft. TheTarentins,Metnponiin5, iheCxotcnians, theLocri- 
 ans,and all the Gauls within the Alps. And yet for alltheledefe.us, and rebellions ot their Allies 
 
 B and Subjedls, were not the Romans one whit enclined to make any mention of peace, heither 
 befote the coming ot the Conful, nor yet after that he was returned, and renewed a'^,ain the dolo- 
 rous remembranLe of that woful overthrow received. And even at thn very inHanc,fo hioh min- 
 ded was the City, and fo far from drooping and being cad down, that as the Consul returned 
 homeward from fo great a detcac, whereot himfelf only was a principal caufe, hewasnotonly 
 met upon the way by all the States and companies of the City in great numbers, but alio highly 
 thanked, in that he defpaired not of the State of the Common-weal: who, ifhehad been the 
 General and Leader of rhe Carthaginians, fliould have been fure tohavefmoaked for it, and en- 
 dured all extremity for torment and punifhment. 
 
 The three and twentieth Book 
 
 Of the Hiftoriei ofT. Livius ofPadaa, from the foundation of the 
 
 ittyof Rome* 
 
 D 
 
 The Breviary of L. F lor us upon the three and twentieth Book. 
 
 THe CampaKS revolted uftto AnnihalMigo wasfent to Carthage, rvith news of the viEtery ai Can- 
 nx .• and in the eMrj of the Couftcel- Hoafe j he poured oat {_oh the fioor)tbego!d?y: rut^s which had 
 hren plucked from the firt^^ers of the Romans there (l.tin ^ which hy report exceeded the'meufHreofa 
 JModius. Upon thefe tidings^ WiVXiOthe nobleJi-psrfonAge among allthe C^rtha/iniayts, perfrn^idedwith 
 the Senat o/Carthage, tofne unto t he people of Rome for peace-, hut he prez-aJcd not., by reafon of the 
 Barchinfide ayidfdiion, that gain-faid him- CI, Marcellus the PretorfoHfbt fortun.nly before Nola, 
 in a. f ally which he made out of the town 4^r!««/? Annibal. The Army ofA.rmibi\fei/to riot at Capua, 
 E »ndgave themfelvs tofuchfenfu.^lity, while they wintred there, that both tn loddyjlrength, and afo in 
 courage of mind they became much enfeebled. Cahlinum was befieged by the CarthaTimans., and the in- 
 habitants within were driven by extreamf-imine-, to eat thong: and leatherings., pluckrd from off" their 
 fjields and target Si ye a-, and tofeediipon Aiifeand Rats. They lived with Nuts which the Romats fent 
 unto them d:>wn the river Vulturnus.T/.'f body of the Senat wasreplenifhedby receiving unto them a neiv 
 fupfly from out of the order of Knights or Gcntlemen^to the number of\g-y. L.Pofthumius the Pretory 
 was together with his iirmy defeated by'the Gauls^ andput to the jword. Qnz\i% and Publius SLipioes 
 van(jnijhed Afdrubal in Spain, and h.'dthe concjuefl thereof. The remnant of the army d fated at 
 CiTiax was fent away and co.fi'icdinto Sicily ^ and commanded not to depart from thence-, bi fore the war 
 w^s fully finijhed. A Laius andfociety was co-^duded between Philip the King of the M.tcedonians and 
 F Annibal. Sempronius Gracchus f/jfCo^/i//, dtfcomftedand (lew theCanip:ins. Moreover., this boof^ 
 containeth i he fjrtun.ue exploits atchieved bvT.'SianWn? the Lnrd Deputy in Sardriia.^ again/} the 
 Carthaginians and the S irdi ■ who took^the General himfelf Afdrubal, together with Mago^>7^ Han- 
 no, prifoners. Chudius Mar'ellus the Pretor vanc^uifned anddfeatedin a Jet battel brfore N^la, the 
 . army of Annibal: andwas the frft th.-t put the Romans in fame goodhope of better ftccifsy afcerther 
 had been toiled out with fo many fails and lojfes. 
 
 The three andtiventieth Bool^of T. Livius. 
 
 G 
 
 A 7V»/^.t/ after the barrel fought at C(«>?;?ie, and the winning and ranfackingofboththeRo- 
 
 /\ man camps, diflodged anon, and was removed out of Ap.'.i.^i into- S^mmam being fcnc 
 
 jf ^ nnto for to come untf) t^ie Hirpins courfv by .9f.«/ < who promi'ed to betray and 
 
 deiivertheCiry ofr 9 / into hi'- hinds. Now the-ews'; a CitiyenofC""//; named 'Trf- 
 
 ti:fs annSieperonA\?c and of great n.ime in his country Rut the bfnd ard faclion oftheCo^/T--"^^ 
 
 (a family ot great power,by favour of the Romans) kept him down and over-weighed him: bnt 
 
 after
 
 282, The three and twentieth BQo\ofTlAv\\JiS, 
 
 after the fame orthebattel.ofCrf;7»<e and the coming of y4»»;^;«/, divulged and blown abroad by H 
 the foeeches oiTrebinsxhoie Co/k^jcj abandoned ineCity:and fo was it without any confli6l ren- 
 dered unto the Carthaginians, and received a gsrrilon. ^«/i;/' ./leaving behind him there, all 
 thepil!3ge and baggngethfthe had, divided liis army inco two parts : giving Ma^^o in charge, 
 lopofTelshimfelf otchetownsofthatcountry, which would revolt ofthemlelves tromtheRo- 
 mans: or elfe to force them thereunto, in cafe they denied and reluled fo to do. Himfelt took 
 his journey through the land of Grwp^w, toward the nether fea, intending to nfl'aulc Naples^ 
 that he might be Lord of a Port Town alfo, and have it at hi? devotion. When hewasentred 
 the confines of the Neapolitans, he placed Tome of the Numidians in Ambufh, as cunningly 
 as he could, ('and there for the molt part, the vvayes are hollow, and tuliofdofeandlecret j 
 nooks and holes)othershe commanded to makea Hievv of driving away a booty out of the fields, 
 and to ride out braving before the gates of the City. Againit whom{leemingtobenoim3nY5and 
 thofedifordcredj a troop of horfmen iflued forth, butihe enemies of purpoie giving back and re- 
 t-irinofrom them, led and trained them on, to the place of ambufh : and fotheywere environed 
 on e\ ery hde, and there had not one of them efcaped alive , but that the fea was neer, where they 
 efpied many fiflier boats along the fliore on the bank lide, and as many of them as were skilful in 
 fwjmmins gat unto them, and faved themfelves : but in thatshirmifli neverthelefs certain young 
 gentlemen were flain. Among whom, Hegcas alfo, the Captain of that Cornet of horfemen died 
 in the plarcwho followed too hotly upon them that retreated &feemed to fiie. Bun^wwi'^/af- 
 terhe had viewed the wall<;,and faw they werenoteafie to be won, wnsdikouraged and feared K 
 from gii ing ?.fl"ault to that City. From thence he turned his journey, and took his way to C^pta^ 
 a City flowing in wealth andfuperfluity ofallpieaiures, byreafonoflongfeiidty,and the tavon- 
 rabieafpeft ot gracious tortune. But among all corruptions that there raigned, it was infei:fed 
 mofi with the licentious loofenefs of the Commons, who exceeded beyond a 1 meafure, and abu- 
 fed their liberty, Pa-nv^ns Cdaviuh a man ofnoble race there, and popular withal, but one thac 
 by lewd and mdiretf ccurfes became rich and mighty, by means thereof, hsd both Seilat& Com. 
 under his girdle, and might Ao what he would. This man thanked to be head Magiflrate the fame 
 year that the Romans wcredefeated and overthrown at iheLake Thrrfjmem^s: and fuppofing 
 that the Commonslty (who had been a long time malicioully affe<5ted to the Scnat and Nobility^ 
 woi^ild by occal.onot alteration in the State, enterprlfe fome notable :et to wit, (incafe>4»«//'d/ ^ 
 flTOuld come with his vidlorious army into thofe partsj the murdering of the Scnat, and deliver- 
 ing c^Caf^-it into the Carthaginians hands. This man I fay, lewd and bad enough otherwife, buc 
 yet not (lark napght and wicked in the higheft degree: and dehrous to lord it, and domineer with 
 ihefafety ofthe Common-wealth, rather then with the utter deltru;ftion of ihefatr.e; as know- 
 ing ful wel that no State couid remainfafe,fpoiledand bereft once of .-pubiickcounfel: cafl about 
 and plotted, how he might both fave the Senate, and alfo oblige the fam.e to be at his and the 
 Commons demotion. Heaflembled therfore the Senat one day together, and after hehadprotefl- 
 eff with a foiemn preamble, *■ That in no cafe he wonld like & allow ofthe defignment and intent 
 ''• ofrevolting'rom the Romans, unlefs it. were upon ne'elTity r.nd confiraint : 'or asmuch .is hlm- 
 *'• ielf had m.irried the daughterof ^-fp;;/.'// Claud us^rA had fair iflue by her : and behdes affianced j^ 
 *' a daughter of his own in marriage unto Livius'm Rome: but yet^quoth he) there is a matter of 
 "greater (.onfcquence toward, and a danger like toburft out more to be feared then that.For the 
 *' Commons intend net by way of tevolt and rebellion to rid the City of the Senators authority, 
 *■' but are purp' fed to inaffacre all the Senators, and fo to dern er unto Ar-nibd and the Carthagi- 
 ''nians, the Common- wea!th,clearly void of a Senat. Of which imminent peril( quoth he)Iknow 
 '"how to free you, in cafe you will wholly trufl and rely upon me, and forget all former jars, and 
 " old debates, which ha', c fallen out in governance and managing of the Senat. Now when all 
 "of them in plate, for fear were forced to put themfelves into his hands: I will, quoth he) (buc 
 *'youup witliini he Councel-Chamber, and pretend unto them, as though I were one of their 
 ^'- coaiplices, both privy and party to this intended praifife of theirs : and fo Vy foothing them up, jq 
 ''under a colourable approbation and allowance of their defignmencs, which 1 fl-iould in vain 
 <'-crofs and g.iin-fay, I fliall find out a ready way to fave all your lives. And foraffurancehere- 
 "of, ask and have of me what bond and fbcurity ye will your felves. Thi.s having made his 
 faithful promifc to be faff and true unto them, he went forth, and commr-ndcd the Councel- 
 Honfedoresto be fliut fure, andieft warders to keep the gate and entry thereof, that no man 
 witlioffc his Tucnfc and commandment, fhould either enter in, or come forth. Then after hehad 
 called allthe people togethcrto an audience, in a foiemn and frequent affembly, thushefpakc 
 Tiic 0-3tion ""-'^ them. '■'• That wbiLl. yc have often wiflied for (O ye Campans, my good neighbors and 
 ofPjcKt''"j •' friends) namely, to havcthe power and mean torevenge your felves throughly of this wic- 
 ci^niifjiuthc '-kedandcurfcd Scnat, now lieth inyour hands to perform with fafety at your pleafure. AndycQ 
 Commons of ct p^gd j-^t jjy ^^jy of anuproar to affault their houfes one after another, to the greatdanger and 
 ci^m. ci hazzard of yourperfonsconfidering how they are defended with tfrong guards oftheir vaflals, 
 
 " favorites, and bond flaves : ye have them all fad and clofe mued up within the Councel-Cham- 
 "• bcrthcmfehes alone. vvithout company ,without armor and weapon;thereyoumay take them. 
 <'But fee that ye do nothing haftily upon head without puife,nor rafhly without advi'.i^ment. I 
 *' will fo co.Tipafs and bring about, that ye fhallgive your doom of life and death upon every one 
 *' of them, to the end that each one may have his defert; and fuffer duepuniflimcnt accordingly. 
 
 Buc
 
 The three and twentieth Boo\of T.Livius. 28 2 
 
 A. ''But above all things ye mud have an eye and look to this, that ye proceed nottoomu.hin 
 " heat and choler : but that ye have more regard of your own fafety and profit, than oi ire ^nd re- 
 " venge. For(Itakeit^ they bethefe Senators only whofe peri'ons ye hate and deteft ; and your 
 *' meaning is not wholly to put down and overthrow the Stnatc quite : for either ye mn[\ accept 
 " of a KiDg,(0 govertament abhominable) or elle admit a Scnat,ihe only Council indeed of a free 
 " City and State : and therefore with one bluflif as they fay) j e are to go If op two <;aps,and to 6.0 
 " bothatonce,namely,to abolifli and depofetiie oidSenjt, aidtoeled anew,] wiilccmmandj 
 *' that the Senators fhall be oited by name one after another •• and conccrnin;; their life and death, 
 " 1 will demand your opinion and refolute (entenLc: jnd look what judgement ye j^i ve,fh all lure- 
 
 g " ly (tand and be put in execution. But before the condemned guilty perfon bedo'neto death, ye 
 " Ihall fubltitute m his room anew Senator,fome good msn if valour andcourg-, and worthy 
 " to fuci.eed in his place. With that , he fate him down. And .; fcer all their name>; were thro v\ n in- 
 to a lottery pitvher and fhutfledtOi:ether, hecaufcd him to bedtedand tailed aloud by name, 
 and the man himfell to be brought forth ofthecouncil-Houie whofe name chanted to be drawn 
 out firlf. He wasnofoonernamed, but every man cried out.chat he was a lewd and wicked per- 
 fon,and worthy to behsnged. Then f.zcat;/«^faid,I lee( quothhe) what deliiny yeprefjgethis 
 man. Rejected he is,and calf out for naught and unjurt : (.hoofe now a good Senator,and a righ- 
 teous in his room. Attheflrlf all wasfilenrjand as liill as midnight, for default of finding a better 
 to place in his (fead. Aterwardi- \vben fome odde groom paff allfliame and re\ereni.e,feemcd to 
 
 Q nominate one: by and by they grew to much louder words, and greaterclamors.- while fome laid 
 flatly they knew not the man others hid to his charge fundry lewd and naughty vi^es, andobje- 
 -tted againli him either abje6t bafenefs, poverty and beggery,or clfe lome dillioned kind of trade 
 and occupation^wrereby he lived. Thus fared they, and mu.h worfc a grqat deal, when a fecond 
 or third Senator was named : fo as it was well feen, that the men bethought themfelves and re- 
 pented of that they had donealready, conndetinghow they failed ftill and we:e to feek, when 
 they fliould fubllitute another in his place : forafmuLh as ic booted not,bu£ was aofurd to nomi- 
 nate the lame again,'ne that their nomination gained them nothing but either to hearthcir vi- 
 ces deciphered, or to bear reproachful terms: and as for all the relf they were far more uleand 
 obllure petfons than thofe that came firit into their remembrance . nd were looneU thought up- 
 
 _. on. So tnepeople tell at length, and gently came down to this point, ?.nd vonfcllcd. that Mu' h 
 better was bad they knew, than bad they knew not ; and, Seldohl came ihebeuer: vvil.jngthe 
 old Senators to be let out of ward and enlarged. By this poll y /'^z-wt/.-w having bounci the 
 Senate to himl'elt, more than to the Commons and even as much as their lifewa worth ; with- 
 out force of arms ru.ed the rolt, and was at bis devotion and ' ommand. Hereupon^ the Senators 
 laidalidetheremembranceof their own dignity, port, and iibeny became afrabie to the Com- 
 mons,and would faiute them kindiy: inviting them ourteoufly, and entertaining them libera. ly 
 at their boordswith exquiiite and delicate fare : i nd^rtaking rd m^intairing allthcii- unes ard 
 caufes: ready at all times to afTid them andllandby them : and in one word emp nc lirg Juries 
 ^to go upon all caufes and matters in law)o'. thofe whom they knew 10 be gra^i'.us ard \ ovu . r, 
 
 £ and fitter to win and procure the favour and af^'eftion o\ thee ommon fort. Thu it the Coun. el- 
 Table all matters weredeeided. as if the Commons had there fat, and not oihcr^viie. 
 
 This Ctifuawis z. City ever given to diflolute lite and excefs inplealure, a wcii by rea'on of 
 the natural (.orruption and infet difpol'tion ot'the Inhabitants as alio for the plenteous & flow- 
 ing abundance of all delights, and the alluring inti.emcnts of ail dainties, ihrt cither fea or land 
 might affoord.Butatthac time (fuch war, iheobfequious fawning and flattery of the Nobles fuch 
 wasthehcentiousUving oftheCommons)they were tola', ifli, that they exceeded iniuitand fu- 
 perfluity beyoi d meafure, and iaidic oninexpenfe without If ay.Bcf.des their >.ontempt of Laws, 
 Magillrates, and Senate, they grew to tbispais alter the otrthrow at C<«'>;<e, that whereas he- 
 fore they had fome awfull and re\erend regard of the Romans now they depifcd and ci naught 
 
 p by the government and frrpireof Rome. And nothing elle (lood in the way, but that prefently 
 they would have rejefteu their riilciand flaaken off the yoak of obedience and alicgeancc, faving 
 only this. That by rcafon of an ient entcrcourfe ofcrofs and mutuall marriages miny noble hou- 
 ses and mighty tamilies were linked and allied to the Romans: andavain, vvlii.h was thegreateft 
 bond of all, whereas there had for' ed in the Roman wars, certain of them: there were three 
 hundred men of arms, and thofe of noblelf birsh of ailthe Campans,chofen out of them and fent 
 by the Romans to be refiant in turdry garrifons of the Citie; o'i Sicily : whofe fathers and kinsfolk 
 ( with much ado } obtained, that Embaffadors flmuld hefcnt unro the Cr niiil of ^w;?. They • 
 found the Conul at K<?««y;.i with a few fouldiers and thoe armed by the halvesfforasyet he was 
 not gone toC?««/>//>») being in that poortaking and hard plight as hcvouldnotbein worfe; ei- 
 
 Qthetto move pitty in the he-ttsoftrue and welFaffec^ted allies or to breed ■ onrcmpt in proud and 
 hollow-heatted friends fu^ h asthele Campans were. Contemptible wa^ their cafe, but the Cof. 
 made himfelf and his condition moredeipifed, by bewraying to mui^h his prefentdiftrefles and 
 laying open to the world the nakednefs ofhis calamity .For when the Embaffadorsds livered un- 
 tohim, That the Senate and people of C^pdtook it to tbeheart and greatly grieved atihe;d- 
 verfe overthrow of the Romans, and promifed therewith to ''v:r\\(h him with al things fit and J^''^^^/"j,",°g 
 meet tor war : " Ye have(quoth he)0 Campans obferved an order and culf ome, and f'^r torm and gmbrffldon 
 "falhion vifued us your confederats,in willing us to require at your hands all fupplements of war; <,( ctpHa, 
 ' LI "rather
 
 184 '^b^ ^'^^^^ ^^^ trventiew Loo\ofT^lAvm. 
 
 " rather than faid any thing dire(5>ly befitting the prefent eftate of our fortune.For what have we „ 
 '' left us at all, after this difcomfiture of Ca»ri£, that we fnould be williing to have that fupplied 
 " by our allies which is wanting ? As who would lay, we had lomewhat already. Should we de- 
 " mand of you footmen, as though we were furnillied with horfe ? Should we fay that we lack- 
 "ed money, as if money only were wanting, and nothing elfe? No, no, Fortune hath dealt fo 
 " hardly with us, that (he hath left us juft nothing, nor 10 much as that ^ which might be made 
 " up and fupplied by others.Our Legions of footmen, our Cornets of horfe, our armor and muni- 
 "tio'n^ouL- Standards and Enfigns, horfe and man, money and viituals,aU is gone, loft, and peri- 
 " ilied ; either in the batcellor the morfow after in the ruin of our Camp,when we were turned 
 <■'• out of our tents and pavilions. And therfore ye arenot, O Campans, to aid and help up i»this 
 •-^ war ; but in our behalf, and for us, ye ought to take the whole charge of the war upon your 
 *' own felves, agiinft the C.uthaginians. Call to remembrance how in time paft, when your an- 
 *'ccftors and forefathers were tearfully driven co keep within your walls, ftanding in dread and 
 'bodily fear, not cftheSamnits only yourenemies>butalfoof theSidicins: wetook them into 
 *' our protection, and defended them before Satrkula : and how for your fakes we began war 
 '"^with theSamnics, and maintained the fame for thefpaceof an hundred years, andingreat 
 *f variety of forcunc,^nvingandtakingfundry foils allthe whiles. Over and befides, calltomind, 
 "how we concluded an indifferent and equall league with you, to the difad vantage of neither 
 "parts: how we granted unto you the liberty of living under our own laws: and how at the 
 «laft (amatter, I wot, of right great importance and confeqiience, before this our late over- ^ 
 •^^ throw at C.?;7/!d:) we granted unto a great pare of you, the freedom and priviledge ofBurgef- 
 ^''fie,and parted with you the franchifes of our own City. And therefore ye ought of right f my 
 '^Matters of rdp'i^O to repute this lofs and misfortune now received, to be as well yours as ours: 
 ' and to make reckoning to defend the common liate and country of both. It is neither Samnit 
 '' nor Tufcan that we have to deal with, to whom, if we loif and parted with our Empire,yet it 
 " remained (iill withinthe compafs of Itjy '• biit the enemy thatpurfueth us, is a Carthaginian, 
 " dra win" after him a train of fouldicrs, who are not lo much as born in Jfricl^-, but coming 
 ' G br It ■ " ftot" t^he farthefl and mort remote parts and bounds of the world, from as far as the * ftreights 
 ^' <■<■ of the Ocean feaeven fiom H<:rc(tlej'.]xis pillars : v oid ot the knowledge of all lawright,and dif- 
 " terence of condition, without rcafotlahddifcretion, and,( in manner^ without commerce of, 
 " mans language, Thefelbulders fo fierce and fell by natnie, fo cruell and mercileff by ufe and cu- 
 '' (iome, their captain hath withall made more wild and lavage, by making bridges, cauieys, and 
 " hit'h-waies, over heaps of dead mens bodies: and (which I abhor to fpeak, by teaching them 
 "• to^at men iieiii. Tofee and endure thefe men to be theirLL. whom feeding as they do upon 
 <'fuch execrable meats and viands, which even to tou. h and handle without great horror we 
 "may not : to refort for judice as far as into Ajf-nck_ and Carthage, and to fuffer Italjr to be re- 
 "ducedinto a Province under the Numidians and Moors, what is he that would not deteft and 
 " abhor, weie he but born only within /r<z/y ? A worthy honour and immortall glory it will be 
 •'• for you, O ye Campans. if the Roman Empire and dominion, thus growing toruin and falling 
 '•down proHrate under theweightof this lace overthrow, might by your fidelity and forcible 
 "power be (laid and upheld, and fet upright again. Iluppofe yehave levied and enrolled alrea-^ 
 " dy, thirty thoufand foot . and four thoufand horfe, out or Campain : for coin, for corn, ye have 
 " ftore and plenty : Now if your faith and truth be anfwerable to your wealth and fortune, nei- 
 "therfball yf««/^.// find that he hath wonthevidory, nor the Romansfeel that they have loft 
 "a journey. With this Oration thus ended, the Conful gave the EmbalTadors their difcharge, 
 and difmifled them. As they retuined homeward, one of them, S,ihtis Vmus by mme, faid 
 thus unto his fellows. '-Now isthediy come (quoth he J wherein the Campans may be able, 
 "not only to recover again the lands which in time? paD'he Romans have wrongfully taken 
 " from them,but alfo obtain Sc enjoy the foverai;;n rule & Empire of Italv. As for Anmbal-, wc 
 "may cont.ludc,covcnant,andcapituiat with him what artLlesand conditions we lift our felves, ^ 
 '•to our beft behoof and benefit: And it is all to nothing, thit A»uil> J, having now diJpatchcd "^ 
 ''-and finiflied thcwar^will ofhis own accord depart like a Conquerour into Ajfrick.^iDdmth- 
 *' draw his forces outof thefe parts : fo as the dominion of leal/ ftiall be left wholly to the peo- 
 " pie oiCapiu. Firins had no iboner delivered thefe fpeeches, but they all applauded him and 
 accorded thereto. And in fuch terms they related their Embaffage, as all men thought nolefs 
 but the Roman Empire and name was utterly pepflicd and extinif for ever. Incontinently the 
 Commons and the greatcft part of the Nobility of C4/«<« endiued to revolt and rebell : Yet 
 by the countenance "and authority oftheAnaents and Elders the matter was ftaid and defer- 
 red for fome few dale?. At length, the greater part prevailed- whole opinion was. That the fame 
 LmbalVadors wh'ch were i'pnt to the Roman Conful, fhouldbeaddrefled inembafTieuntoyfww- 
 Li'.Vtm 1 find in fome Annai records, that before they went, and before their refolute determi- ^ 
 nation to revolt, there was anEmbaflagcfent from the Cap»wsiotht City o{ Rome, demanding 
 thus much, Thatifthey meant to have any help and aid from them, one of their Confuls might - 
 beaCapuan. Whereat the Senat of /Jflwe took fuch fnuff and indignation, that the faid EmbafTa* 
 dors were commanded to void the Council-Houfe, and a Serjeant lent after them at their heels, 
 to fct them out of the City: charj;inc^them at their perlll, to take up their lodging that niglit 
 without the territories of Rome. But becaufe this demand jumpeth too ncarto the like that the 
 
 Latines 
 
 1
 
 T he three and mentieth Bool\ofT lAy'ms* oS^ 
 
 A Lacines made long before : and both C^liy^ and other Hiftorians have(not without good reafon) 
 pafled itoverandfaid nothing thereof, I dare not avow it for a truth. Well, Embailadors there 
 came unto ^a>/j7^.r/,and concluded peace with him underthefe conditions, andcovenants: Im- 
 prinas-Jhut no General Captain, orMagilkate oUhe Carthaginians iTiouid have any jurisdicti- 
 on or power over a Citizen ot" Capua : Jcenh That no Citizen of Cap;;a fliould be compelled a- 
 gainlHiiswilltoferve in any wars,or execute the charge and office ofalouldier. Itewj i'hatthe 
 Campansftillenjoy their old Laws and Magiftrates of their own: Item, That ^»»/W deliver 
 unto theCampans three hundred Pvoman Captives-,fuch as they themfelvcs Ihali cnoofc; whom 
 they might courfe and exchange for thefe three hundred horfemen of the Campms that were in 
 g garrifon.and ferved forpay in^.c.V/. Thefe were the Articles of the accord. Evi the Cimpans 
 liucknot to do more than fo, andto go farther than ctieir cnpitulations : comrnittin" dii ers and 
 fundry outrages. For the Commons mddcnly at once apprehended all the Roman Captives over 
 the confederate fouldiers,yea;and attached other Citizens ufi^jiWijhat were either employed in 
 any military char^CjOr otherwife occupied in their private affairs : and ^aufcd them to be clapt up 
 within the lloves and hot houfcs, asin ward andfatecuftody, where their breath being (fufled 
 and tiopped up with exceeding heat, and lieaming vapours, they vvere (iifled, and died miltrably. 
 But there was one Deans M^gius.^^ man who wanted no means of foveraign authority, but ori- 
 lythefobriety, difcretion, and wifdcm of the Citizens wicli whom he lived ; who withllood 
 all that ever he couidfiich enormous and auda<.iouscourfes,andcndeavcuredto hirderthe Em- 
 
 Q balVagc lent to Annihtd. And fo loon as he heard that Annibal was fending a garrifon he recoun- 
 ted unto his fellow Citizens the proud and lordly rule of Pyrrhnh the miferable and wretched 
 thraldom of the rarentines,as precedents fufficient to give them vvarning. He ccafed notto cry 
 aloud in open place and audienie, firft, that they lliouid not receive the garrifon into the City: 
 ihenjthat being admitted.they fhould either be thrulf out again ; orrather if chey would expiate 
 and make amends by feme valiant and memorable afttor that fliamefull leud part of theirs,in re- 
 volting fo from their molt ancient Allies, yea, andkinfmenby bioud, they Ihould f'll upon the 
 Carthaginian garrifonjind kill them every oncjand fo reconcile themfelves again tothcRomans. 
 A»:4!'.a'. havine intelligence of thefe plots ( for they were not a foriiinc; and contriving in a cor- 
 ner)hrlf fcnt ccrtam meflengers to iv.mmonA-iaiT:tisio repair unto bis prefence within liis Camp, 
 
 ■n. After that, feeing he lioutly denied to go, ( lor he pleaded that A-/>i!l?^lh^d no authority nor 
 right to command a Citiiien of ( ^/Jk^j ) he waxed wroth, and commanded the man to be ap- 
 prehendedjand to be haled perforce bound unto him. But fearing upon better adviiejett by of- 
 tering fuch v iolcncc fom.e tumult mightarife, and in the heac o^ bioud break forth into an incon- 
 fiderate fray, hedifpatched beforehand a meffenger of purpofe unto Adarias Blojins, the Prx- 
 toror L. Governor of Ciip«<^: fignifying, that the morrow next following he would be perfo- 
 nally in Capn.i : and (o with a fmall guard about him, he let forth of his Camp, and put himfelf 
 on his journey. A'Jariits &&mhkd the people together, making proclamation, and warning 
 them to be ready in all frequent folemnity, with their wives and children, to meet Anmhal up- 
 on the way. They or the adverfe hde unto ii}^;?i7^/«/ and the Romans performed this not only 
 
 £ obediently, but alio moR effe<flually and with great diligence and endeavour. Yea. the common 
 fore likewife were very forward in this ail:icn,as delirous efpecialiy to fee this great General and 
 brave warrior,fonobleandrenowned for his many viftories. Decius Magins ntii\\tz wentforth 
 to meet him, nor yec kept his houfe, becaufe he would not Teem to fear and carry a guilty con- 
 Uien.e : but walked up and down idly for his pleafure in the Muket place with one of his fons, 
 and a few ot hisvadals and followers, whiles the whole City bciides was buhly occupied, and 
 much troubled in the entertaining and beholding of this great Captain and Commander of the 
 Carthaginians. AnyiihJhzia^ entrcdthe City, incontinently required to have audience in their 
 ' Council-Houfe. Whereupon, the Nobles and principall Citizens of Ca^aa requefied him that 
 he would not that day intend any weighty matters of import .mcc, but himfe'f in perfon folem- 
 
 pnizeit with joy and mirths as anhigh and fealfivall holiday for his welcome thither. And albeit 
 he was by nature half y, and ready to fail into fits or anger, yet becaufe he would not feem at his 
 firif coming to deny them any thing, he employed a good part of that day in feeing and viewing 
 the City. Entertained and lodged he was and his whole train with the AUm'h Cdcres.^ Stenms-y 
 and Pucuvim, the moll noble and honourable pcrfcn.iges, and the wealthiefl: of all others. Thi- 
 ther unto him, P aruz'.-ns Cdiviifs ( concsioln'-^vihom I (pake before, the principal man of that 
 bend and fadlion, v\hich reduced the City to the obedience and devotion of >^/.';;.'i7..'/)broughc 
 his ownfon a young Gentleman, andfaid withail, that the youth kept continually with Dm- 
 ?«/, and that he was fainto pluck him away from hiscompany and train, whole part betook, 
 and Uuck moil Ifitfiy to him, in maintaining the old focieiy and amity oftheRomans, againft 
 
 G the new League with the Carthaginians J and neither the bending and inclination of the whole 
 City to the contrary fide, nor yet the reverent majeily of a father," had yet driven him from 
 his obllinatc refolution. And for that time the father laboured with .';;;';«<;'^ rather by way ot 
 prayer and intreaty, than by exculing and clearing his fon, that hewouldnot be difcontented 
 nor difpleafcd with the young man. So he was overcome with the importunate requefl 
 and plentiful! tcarcs of the father, and gave commandmcijt, that he together with his father 
 iliould be bidden to fupper, at which feaft he purpofed to have the company of no other guefts 
 of all Capua^ but only of his hollefs that have him entertainment, and one JuhlliHs Taurea^ 
 
 LI 2 ' a
 
 386 
 
 The three and wentieth Boo\ofT ^Vivm. 
 
 a famous and brave warrior. To fupper they went long before day-light went down, and tared at H I 
 the table not after the guife of Carthaginians nor according to thediicipline of louldiers,but af- 
 ter the order of a Cicy and houfe, whichhadbeen nfeda long timetohavetheboord furnifhed | 
 vvith lundry iorts of dainty diQies^and with all delicate junkets to pleafe the palare and taRe.Pf- 
 ro'l^ only the fon of C^/.Jw»«,could not be brought to change his mind,and {hew himfelf cheerful 
 andmerryatmeat,notwithftandingtheMa(krsofchefea(t, and yi«»/^/7/ himfelf ocherwhiles in- 
 vited him to bear them company ,and fit with them;but he ever made his excufe to his uther,that 
 he was ill at eafe and fickly whenfoever he feemed to examine him^and to know the caufe ct fu^h 
 wonderful trouble of mind and vexation of lpiric.So,a little afore fun-fecting, when hisfather a- 
 rofe,and was "one out from fupper,he followed hard after him : and when they weee come into j 
 a fecrec place apart/ a garden it was on the back fide of the houfe) -^ 1 will tell you a thing father, 
 " I have in my he.^d a policy .and a redy mean.how we fliall not only obtain pardon at the Ro- 
 '• mans hands for our trefpafs committed, in falling away from them^and turning to Anmbai. but 
 "alfohow weCampans maybe m far greater elf imation and favour among them than ever we 
 " were.The father marvelling hereat.was dehrous to know what devi.e that might be : and with 
 *' that the youth caft his gown from off his flioulders, and fhewed him a good blade girdedto 
 "his fide. I will.qitoth he,ouc ofhand^enablilliand feal fure the Roman League with the bloiid ■ 
 "of^»;z'i^/.Ivvas dehrous(father)to let you know of it aforehand, if perad venture you would S 
 '•bewillinc'tobeoutoftheway whenthedeedisadoing. The old man feeing and hearing this, fl 
 ina^re.it fe^rtulla^ony, as if he had been prefent to fee the executinn of that which he heard K" 
 him^tofpeak of '-'Now Ibefeechthee,my fon ( quoth he ) and pray thee of all loves and bonds 
 '' that bind children and parents together, that thou wilt not before thy fathers face either com- 
 " mit or fufferthis lb horrible a part.fuu of ailabominable wickednefs whatfoever,and not to be 
 " named. There are not many hours Ln e that we fware by all thegods and holy hallows in hea- 
 " ven,and by joyninti hand in hand, made faithful promife, and obiiged our felves to communi- 
 *'cate' together with him, and to e^t at the holy table of facred uands. And are we no fooner 
 " departed afunder from our familiar conference and parley, but we arm our fel\ es againlf him ? 'Jj 
 " Arifefb thou indeed irom thy friends guefi-boordj to which thou \yert thy fclf a third man bid- ■ 
 «' den of all the Campans, and even by AymLl, and wik thou ftain and pollute that boord with 
 " the bloud of the principal gueit? I, thy faher ere while was able to reconcile ^»»;^>t/ to my ^ g 
 " fon i and can I not pacific my foniikewife.and appeafe his fierce ftoma.k againlt Ayimial> But '* 
 '•if their be nothing facred and inviolable, nothing tobetrulkd in the world, neither faithfull 
 " promife. nor religious oath,nor any piety at all and good nature,things fo honeif and juff : then 
 " adventure hardfy , and fpare m't to put in execution all adiions dcceifable and not to be fpo- 
 " ken, fo thatbefides thenote and inl'amous mark of wickednefs, they bringnot upon our own 1 
 "•heads prefent mifchief and utter confunon. Darefl thou alone aflailtheperfonof .^,;«;7W> " 
 « What will that multitude about him do the while, fo many freemen and bondmen both ? All 
 " their "uard and regard alltheir eyes upon him alone what ferve they for ? What will become of 
 <' fomany hands of^'iheirs? Thinkeftthou that they will faebenumrnedanddead at the time of 
 " rhat frantickenterotileof thine? The grim vifage of ^««/^rt/himlelt, whom whoie armies of ^^ 
 «'fou!diers tremble to behold: who the people of /^o»;e dread, and for fear of whom they quake . J 
 " again, wilt thoualone abideto fee ? And if all other means of help fliouldfaii him, wilt thou ■ 
 "endure to Rrike and wound me thy father, putting my body between for thebfegardandde- 1 
 « fence of An»ibd ? And flab me thou muff through the very heart, before thou canil hurt him 
 '< or run him thrmioh. Suffer thereforethy felf here tobetrighted from this thy intended mifchief, 
 ''before thou have the foil there, and mffs of thy purpole. Let my prayers take place with thee, 
 " as once this day they prevailed for thee. With that, he marked his fon to weepandilied 
 tear- and embracing; him about the middle, and killing him ever and anon, he left him not, nor 
 cave over to pray 6c entreat himinftantly untiilhe got at his hardstolay off his fvvord and pro- 
 mise him faithfully that he would not attempt any Uich enterprife. Then the youth, feeing how j^ 
 the cafe Hood, '' I will ^''quoth he j pay unto my naiurall father that kindnefs and lo\ e, in which 
 ' I am bound as a debtor to my native Country. But ;las for you, good father, 1 am right forry 
 '■•foryourhardhap; who are to anfwer before Cod andiheworld, for the betraying of your 
 "country no fewer times than thlice already. Once, when you gave counfell and perfwaded to 
 '• forlake the Romans ,and to revolt from them : again, when you were the principall agent, and 
 '^ advifcd to matce pcacewith Anynbd: andnow this day the third time, when you arethe only 
 " obltade and hindcrance that Cn^.-i is not rellorcd again into the tiands of the Romans. O 
 '• fwef.t countiey and native foil of mine,iake here at my hands this fvvord, wherewith erewhile 
 *' I was "irt and armed for dear love of thee. and was fully minded to defend this thy chief Cafile 
 " and Fortrcfs, and not to fpare, but embrue it in the bloud of thy mortall enemy : take it I fay, q 
 '' fince my own father is ready to wrclf it from me. This faid, he flung his fword over the garden 
 wall into the high way and open (freer : and therewith, becaufe he would not grow into any 
 fufpition , he flicwcd himfelf again to the guefcs within the houfe, and took part of the banquet. 
 The morrow after, the Senate in favour oi Anmhd fo!emnly met together in great number: 
 in whi-h frequent affembly, the beginning of his fpeech was very pleafant and gracious : wherein 
 heave the Capuans thanks, for preferring his amity before the alliance of thepeopleof Rome : 
 jind amon" other lair and magnificall behctls to them made, he promilJsd that within a whil*,
 
 The three and trpentieth Boo^of T.Livius. 387 
 
 A Capua fhould be the head City and chiet State of all It.il^^ vvhereunto the people of Rome^ tope- 
 ther with other nations^fiiouldrefort for law and jiiflice.'-'- Mary quoth he there'is one that hath 
 •■' no part or fellowfliip in thefot iety and league made becvveen the Caithaginiansand you^n.ime- 
 " \^^A-Ia<rius Deciutj who neither was a Campan nor ought of right to be lo called and reputed : 
 •■' him 1 demand to be delivered into my hands, and that in my prefen^e the Senate fliouid be af- 
 ''ked their opinion ton^eining his trelpal's, and an Actprelently cntred thereof. All of them 
 there aOcmbied aiiowcd of the motion, and gave their aflcnt in the end : albeit a great fott of 
 them thought both the man unworthy of that hard lortune and calamity, and that this was buc 
 an ill beginning and a very overture to the intringing of the right of their freedom. The chief Ma- 
 Bgiliratethen vvent forth of the Counil-Chamber, and late in the J udiciall Hall or Temple, and 
 commardtd A cifts to be attached, and to liand before him at his feet, and there to anlwer for 
 himlelf and make his defence. Whopernlied liiK in the fame Houtnel'sand boldnefsoflpirit, al- 
 led^irgthntby vertue of thecovenants in the League compnfed,he might not lawfully be prefled 
 ancTforLed thusfar. Whereupon he had irons clapt uponliim,and commandment was given, that 
 he fhould have a Lidlor attend upon him, and io be coni eighed into the Camp of Annita!, aU 
 the way as he was led, fo long as he wasBare-headed and open-faced, he wenr preaching to the 
 multitiidethat flocked about him, and with a loud voice fpake and taid :'' Now Capuans, yeha:Ve 
 '* the liberty that ye fought and ,onged tor. In the open market place, at noon-day, and in your 
 " llght,lo how I, a man interior to none in allr<j;>«,?, am led away bound in chains to die.Whac 
 C '\greaterviolencecouid be offered itr<i/>«./ were won by aflault of theehemy ? Go forth, t^o and 
 /'meet Anmb^d zdom and hang the City with ri-h death of tapittry.Regiller in your Kalender, 
 . '" among other holidaies,tfi is day of his Entry^that in the end ye may behold this goodly triumph 
 " over one of your own Citizens. Uponthe uitcran.eof thefc words, the multitude I'eemed 
 difcontenced at the indignity ok this light. Whereupon he washoodwinked and his head cove- 
 red and the Serjeant was charged to have him away quii.kly,and makehafkoutof thegates.So, 
 he was brought into the Camp, and immediat.y fhipped and lent to C.-rrh,ij^e, for fear ieii lome 
 commotion might arii'e in dipu.i, upon fo unworthy and fnameiull a deed : and led the Senat al-^ 
 fo fhould repent themielves, thattheyhad delivered and yielded out of tncir hands a principal 
 pcrfonage among them : alio to prevent that no Hmbaflige might be ent unto him for his redeli- 
 D very whereby he fhould either offend his new Allie-;, incafr fie denied them their fird requel} Or 
 fufFerGrpa.iLohavealwaies abufieand ^itious Citizen ready ever to Itir upn. w troublesji' he 
 granted their fuit. Thelhip wherein he wa^; embarked, was by a tempelf call upovCyrera.3 pore 
 town in the dominion at that time of theKK.Tfiere Ma^i;is fled for refuge as toa Sanc\:'jary,iinto 
 the Image of King Ptolom£us,in& was brought by his guard and keepers unto Alex.mdr <»to the 
 Kings pre(ence,andenformed the King, how contrary to the tenorand priviledge of the covenant 
 hewasinbonds by AnmbM. Whereupon he was looted from his chains, and put to thethoice, 
 whether he vvculdreturn toG(p«<i,orgoto Rome. A/,ro-/«/anl'wered that he could nfttinCfa^ 
 remain in fafety,and ifhe wentto Rome-, at that timce'.pe. ialiy when there was war between the 
 Romans and the Capuans, he ihould be fooner lodged therein aprifoniike a tugitiverunnagate, 
 E than enrertained in home for a friend and loving guelt : and concluded in the end, that he wouM 
 make abode and live the reif of his dales more willingly in noplace ot tne world.than inhishigh- 
 rels Realm whom he found already to be the faviour of his iifc> and the redeemer of his liberty 
 and enlargement. 
 
 Whilethele occurrents fell out abroad, Q^Vabiits PjFror, fent fas is abovel'iid) Embaflador to 
 X)^^'''oj;rcturned to Ror^e^ and out of a wriung he read openly, the anlwer of the Oracle in thele 
 words ( now ye mulf underlhmd, that in this Script were certain gods and faints named, unto 
 whom they fliouldmakelolemn fupplication,nnd the manner alio with all ceremonies and com- 
 plements thereto belonging:) '^ Thenf^ O Romans) if ye (hall fo do, your ftate Ihall profper and be 
 "■more happy: vouf Common- weal fliall go forward better to youir mind-yea, and victory in the 
 p " wars ihali happen unto the people of Rome.'&ai remember, that wheri all things fliall go wtllon 
 ^'.youx fide, and your State ihall be laved and prel'en ed, ye fend unto Pythius /:po!lo a prefent, ac- 
 *'• cording to the merit of a due recompence ; and of the filver raited of the pillage, prizes, and 
 '^ fpoils taken from the enemies, do him honour accordingly.Atter he had rchearlcd thele words, 
 truly.tranllated uut ofthe Cireek Original then he fiid moreover, That to toon as he wasdepar- 
 tedirom iheOracle,hcprefently la rihcedunto allcho;e gods with frankin.enfeand wine. Aifo, 
 tluthe was commanded by the Prielf of Ayillc^ thatlikc as he bothcame to the Oracle, and alto 
 celebrated facrihces,crovvned with a garland and chaplet ofLanrel,l'o he fliould in the fame man- 
 ner adorned take fliipandbe imb^rked, and not lay off the faid garland beforehe was arrived to 
 Rome. Finally, that all ceremonies performed moliprecifely and diligently, which he wascom- 
 G manded to obkrve, he had hid and bellowed the fiid chaplet upon the altar,before the Shrine of 
 Afollo at Rome. Then the Senate made a decree. That thofe lacritices and fupp.ications fliould 
 with all fpe-ed and caref'ull regard be celebrated. 
 
 Whiles ihefe things p.iffed at Rome and in Iraht M.\?o thefon of ^.^^jy/Mr, arrived izCar- 
 r^dje.and brought the firlf tidings of the viiforvat f^w <«. This yl/<?^o was nor immediatly and 
 c?i:e£fly lent from his brother, out ofthe field where the battel was fought, but ibid certain 
 dales about receiving the homageand lubjcelion o-^vertain Cities ofthe Brmit-, which revolted 
 fromthe Romans. Who havingaudience given him in the Senac oiCcnhage, related what aC;>s 
 
 LI J and
 
 ,gg fbe three and mentkth Bool^ofT.LWms. 
 
 and exploics his brother ^^^jj'^.i/ had acchiaved in /f^/7: namely, That he had given battell to H 
 fix Gcneralsjvvhereot four were Conuil?,and two were iheDitbtor and Commander of horfe- 
 "mcn: That he had fought a;:,ainlU'.s eniircConliilar armies, in which battels he had Cain above 
 ■zr 01 CO enemies, taVcnprriotiers more than 5cooo.That of thole tour Cofl'.he had killed twain 
 o",ui"ht -.a?, fonheothei two,one of them was deadly hurt.thc other having lolt his wholear- 
 mv was Hcd.accompanied fcarcely with fiUy men : that theGeneral ofche Cavalry created with 
 iu'iCorfiilar .ir.t\ioriiy<vvas dil'comfitcd and put to flight rand the Dictnccr{'torlocth)bccaiire he 
 re. cr won d hazard thi. fostuneof a field, was counted the only warrior and worthy Captain: 
 lh:t theBriitiiard ApuHans partoftheSamnits.and Lucans, were revoked to the Carthsgini- 
 sn? :Tliat 1' rpLi thchc:d City not ofC(?w/^7 only, but f'after theR jmans defeat and overthrow i 
 in the bnitell at Giw^^e )ofa.l /K^/;alo, was furrendrcd to Ar.yiita'. Forthefe fo many andfo 
 worrbvviiSories, he required ( mcetandrcquiliteitwas) thattherefl-iouldbea folemn feliivall 
 dayho'ldcn ard facrificesfolcmnized to the honour of the immortal gcds. And for the better af- 
 fu.an.e ofthcleiociiy and torti-jnateaidiievcments, and to veiifie his words, he caufed thegold 
 nnc.^ of the Romans, flain iiCanhiz, tol'e poured forth in thepon h and entry of the Council- 
 Houfe. The heap oftbcm was fo great ,that as fome 3uthorsaflirm,when they mcafured the fame, 
 they riled three Modi, ard an half.BiKthe conHant report went, and founding neerer to a truth, 
 I hat they were not above one .'■/oinu.UQ added more&ver-,and faid, (and all to prove their over- 
 thiow the grcatcr)ih3t none but Vnights ard men of arm=;,and thofeof the better fort,who ferved 
 on horfesfoiiriH at the Cities th ir^^es,ufed to wearthat ornament .The drift and conduiicn of his K 
 fpeech waj thi<," I hst the foorcrthat ^,-7«;i^.-'/ hoped to makean end ofthe war^, the more be 
 '' ou-"ht to be aided and helped with all provifion and lurniture accordingly. And why ? Thefer- 
 " vice was far from home,in the midit of the enemies land, a huge deal of corn was confum,ed,a 
 "^ rrcau mafsof moncv w-t; fpcrt ; anflkas fo many battels had utterly fwoopt up the enemies ar- 
 ' inie-: forecknin^wastobe made, that they had in fome meafnreleflened and impaired thefor- 
 ^ " CCS of the conei'ieronr.Thcreforea new fupply of men was to be fenr over, and money for foul- 
 ■" dicrspaVjVca .^nd cornaUo was tobetran'.ported lofoorave fouldicrf, th.At had done fohngu- 
 '•hr "ood fer'.i.e and deervcd lo well of the Carth?giniannation.Uponthefe reports o'iAiugo^ 
 " when all men clfe were wondrous glad, and took great contentment, Umulco. a man ofthe 
 '"'B"achinbend,liippofinghehad now good occafionand opportunity oftcredtocarp and check l 
 '•7/^»w. Hownow 77,f«w quoth he what fay you to this gear ? Repent you Hill and miflikethe 
 " war underc-;ken 32,ainlT the Romans ? Let ns lee now,givc your voice and opinion that Anmbal 
 ''be"ie!dcd: for'i-'idnow thanksgiving to be pertormed to tlifeimmortall gods, forth is profperous 
 ''fpeed and tonunatefuc el's. Let us hear a Roman Senatornow to fpeak inthe Council-Houfe 
 '^ of tt5e Carthacinians. Then Hai:>ioo\ '" I would have held my peace this day, my LL. quoth he,' 
 "forfeartofpeakoughtthat in this common and gcrcrall joy might not be altogether pleafanc 
 " unto you. But nowVeeing a Senator bluntly fpurreth me the qiieliion whether 1 miflike rt'ill of 
 " thcenterprife of war againlt the Romans ? if I fhould keep filcnce and fay nothing, I might 
 "feem either proud and info.'ent.orelfe faulty and culpable. Whereofrhe one is the part of a man 
 *' that h?.th for£or the liherty of other men ; thcother a property of him, that thinketh not ofj^ 
 *'• his own. Well may I thereioreanfwer to Himtho, that Icea'enot ytt to miflike this war^nor 
 "never wi'jfive over to blame and challengethis invincible Captairi and warrior of ours, be- 
 "forel fee the war ended and determined, upon fomeindifferent hand, and tollcrableccnditi- 
 "on irnd nothing elfefhallfiint the mil's 1 have, and quench the longing def re of the old peace, 
 "butthemakirf^of 3 new. And therefore thefe particularsjwhich Mgo crcwhile fo magnified 
 '' an(^ vaunted of,r.re i'nrtheprefent joyfullnews to f/w/Vco, and c ther of that crue,and the fiip- 
 <• pofls o( A)i:::l>. I: and tomelikewifc infomemeafure,they may be acceptable tidings. in this re- 
 »'r.aid thatsood fuccefs and lucky '"peed in war, ifwevviil make the right ufe and benefit of our 
 *' fortune.wiil be a meanto procure us a more eafie and honourable peace. For if we let Hip this 
 << advanr/r,e and opportunity of the titrie, when as wemayfeem rather to give than take condi- |sj 
 «' ti on? of peace, 1 fear me, that even this prefent fo goodly a fliew of ranknefs as it maketh now, 
 " willrunupalltoliravv.and bear no head to yield corn in the end. And yet let us conhdec now, 
 ♦■' what a fpecial matter this is. S'ainl have whole armies of enemies; Therfore fend me frefhand 
 " nevv fouldiers. What could you(Sir)demand more, if you had been overthrown ? Won I have 
 " by force t wo (irong holds where the enemies were encamped, full and traight ( we wuft needs 
 " tlrnk'* of prizes and vi6\ual5; Allow me more corn and money .What would you have requi- 
 " red and craved mtire a fay. in cafe you had been riHed, and turned perforce out ofyour own 
 '■■ Camp r.nd pavilions ? B^r that 1 may not marvel alone at thefe (f range Enthymemes and conclu- 
 ■" f-onr (forit is as free and l)wfuil for inc to ask fome quefi ions, feeing 1 have already anfweredto 
 ••' IJimilco) I would fain have Htmilco or -Maj^o., I care not whether, to m,ike anf'wer likewifcto q 
 "me. Say, thatinthebatrcUbefore C/3«/-7<e, the Roman Empire was wholly defeated and foiled. 
 '^Savalfo, that certain it !■; how all /f,-/; is at point ready to revolt tt 11 me firff and formoft whe- 
 " thcr any one Nation ofthe Latine people is fain from them to us ? Secondly ■ whether any one 
 '' per'on ofthe five and thirty wards in Rome,is run away and fled to y/>r»,7v/.> When ''■f.-n^o faid 
 " nav.and denteci both. Why then (quoth he ) there be great numbers of our enemy fli'l behind. 
 <■: Biul would gladly know whatcourage, what heart, what hopes thatmulritude hath When 
 <' Mt?o anfwered l.e could not tcll.And nothing(quotb Han>t0)\i more rife & eafie to be known.
 
 The three and indent ieth Boo^ of T. Li vius. g ^n 
 
 '' Say manjent the Romans any Embaffadors to Anmhal to treat for peace ? Nay, had ye any in- 
 ' telii;jen e broiiv^ht unto you, that there was lb much as one word iHped, or mention made at 
 " Ro,7ti ot peace i When Mn^o faid flatly-nay.^io that too. Why then(quo[h t]anno)\)'j this ac- 
 ''(-oum t.iis war wi.l find us work, and keep iis occupied as much as it did the very trlt day that 
 ""^ Ayiiii a' '\Ct\oox. in Iialy, How variable lortune was in the former Puniek war, howviitory 
 '^ went and camerc.icroialIy,vvearc moh of us ytt alive th;t well remember. VVe never Iped bet- 
 '^ ter nor had a uk kier hand,both by land and fea .than before Cr</« L-.ti rnn.ind Aulas tifiha- 
 " mim vvere Conluls, And whiles LnElantts and Pojfhumtus were Confuls, were we vanquillied 
 ^ ■•' and utterly Overthrown before the Iflands ty£^^/itet. And incale now i, which God forbid) for- 
 '' tune flicnildthan etoehani'.eand turn her \vheei,hope ye to have peace th^,being over*;ome, 
 " whi. h now when we are onqucrors, no mjn offreth nor feeketh after. For mine own part, 
 ''if anymanfliouldaskmine opinion of peace, either to prefent and tender it to theancmies, 
 '•' orto accept it at their hands I wot weli whattofiy : but if ye would know what I think con- 
 ''cerning ttiofc demac:ds ot Afa/o., my .'d>ice is, that there is no len>enorreaion to fend aid and 
 "■ Uippiics to conquerors: now if they bear us in h.tnd; delude, and abufe us with a vain and falfe 
 '" penwafionof • onqned and vi6l(,ry., much iefs a great deal. Thele remonl ran es of f/ »;?» 
 took imalietfccl with many of them: for, both the let ret grudge and ran orv^huh hebdreto 
 theBarJiinHoufe much impeached his credit and authority, and alfo by reafon that their minds 
 ^ were lofiiliy poflefTed of the prefent joy, they could admit and abide to bear of nothing, that 
 might found "therwifeto daunt their glad hearts ; thinking verily that the war would foon be 
 at an end i they now would drain a little and help it forward. And therefore with great lonfent, 
 there pafled an AA ot the $enat,Tt).r.t there fhould be a fupply fentunto Ayitiib- 1 of forty thou- 
 fand Nnmidians, forty tlephapf;, and mony talents of filver. Alfo the Dilator was lent before 
 with M. 1^0 \r\x.o Sp::>i to leavy and hire twenty thoufand footmen, and ourtiToufindhorfe- 
 mcn tor to make lip thofc broken armies whiLh were in /r^/y and 'xnSpu-^i, Bticthefe matters (as 
 Uiuaily it hapneth in time of profperity) were performed but flatkly and at leifure. TneRomans 
 cont: iriwife m.ide more fpeeu, as beiiig by nature more induflrioas : and bchdes, fuch was thefr 
 aderfe fortune and extremity, that they might not nepleil their affairs and go (lowly about 
 jD their bufncfs. Forneitf.er the Conful was wanting in any affairs that were by him to be mana- 
 ged • and the Diitaior Al. Jtra, Brutus^ fo loon as he had performed all the complements confer--' 
 tcrning fairih^^es and religious ceremonies, propofed unto the people, That ( as the nfuall mahii^ 
 ner wa ; be might mount on horfeback. \VhiLhdone,overand befidesthe two legions of Citi*^' 
 7ens, whi J) in the beginningof the year had been levied andenrolled by the Conful?, and thfe' 
 bondllaves that were before muHredjand certain fquadrons gathered together out of chePicend: 
 and Gauls country he pro.eeded to thelalt remedyand fuccour of a dill rcficd and wellnearde-^ 
 fperatellate, when as honell and direft courfes muif give p'.acc unto commodious and profitable ■ 
 policies ^and alight from his horfe and madeproi.lam.tion,rhat whofoever were guilt ysnd con- 
 demned of any capitab rime- of whofoever were impriioned for debt, and would willingly ferve 
 •cUnderhirn he would take order that they fl-.ou'd be exempt from all punilliment, and dilcharg^d* 
 . from their creditors. And ofl'uch he armed hxthoufand with the fpoiis of the Gauls, which indie' 
 triumph of Flamanns were carried in (liew. Thus he departed trom Rome five and twenty thoa-^ 
 fand (irong.' "'- ' ='"' f '*!■;' 'Ji-T ■^-■^'^' ^^'^ 
 
 A»>iib"l having poflefled Wim'^'Ax o\ C a-pua , and follicited the Neapn'iitnn'sori'e a^^airi, ancJ" 
 founded their minds, propof.ng before their eyes fearand hope, and all in vam, led his Tof;^';'in-' 
 tptheCountry of M;/*j, with this mind, not at firlt to go roughly with them to Vvork, nryby' 
 way o( openho(fility,becaufehe was nor out of all hope, that they would wiflivigly'come otf and^ 
 yield thenV.elves : but in cafe they vvavercd,and anfwered not his hope and expectation In forife' 
 good time, he would furely proceed agiinfl them in all extremity, and put thehl to whatroevei:' 
 -they could endure or f^ar. The Senate, and efpecially the principillot them, 'ctJntirined f.iftancl' 
 * lure in their alliance with the people of RorKc\ But the commons (as their rri'-lfjrife'f is-.'t^efirofrs.of 
 alteration, and to fee anew wor,d)enclined wholly to the fde of :.'i«??i^ij/;CaHingrnariy'd6ubts^y' 
 and tears, that their lands and pQrtefrion> fhould be walkd and fpoiled with fnridry calamities 
 and indignities that lollow upon liege : neither wanted thereheads and ring-lttdefs of a rebelli- 
 on. Whereupon the Senate ( forfear lelt ifthey fliouid fecm to thwart .ind trbfsthem , they 
 bad not been able to wiihiland the '• iokn e ot the multitude once up and' d'ravvii to an head ) 
 clofelydiflembled their intent and purpofe, and foby temporizing, prevented a prSfcnt miuhief. 
 For they m.ide femblan-e that they iiked well, and wererefolved ofrevoltingnnto Anmbd ; 
 but upon what conditions and capitulations they fhould enter into new league and arfirry thef 
 knew nor certainly. So having taken a farther time they diip.uched in hafle certain Embafl'adot-s 
 -"unto the Roman Pritor A-Urcdhis Claud/ns who remiined with the army ziCa-irrltinn , ad erri- 
 fing him in how great jeopardy thelhte of N.7Lz{\ood, to wit That Anfuf-alwi's already Lord 
 of rheirlnnds and the Carthaginians wouldfoon be mai'ers ot the Ciry,unlefs they vvere luccou- 
 red and relieved : that their Scnat were driven torhis fliift forto yield unto theCommons, and" 
 grant to revo't whcnfoeverthcy would have them ; mdby that means Haid them that they 
 rebellerinot over hafVilv. /I /.zrfc//»r after he had, ommended the Nolans willed them with the 
 Urns difTimul.uion to protrntt time and hold off untill his coming: and in 'he mean while ro 
 conceal and ke?p fecretto themfelves, the dealings and treaties with him, and in no cafe to be 
 
 known*
 
 2 CO I he three and tiventieth Bao/^o/T.Livius, 
 
 linown of any hopediey had of aid from the Romans. Himfelf wencfron Camfmm^io Calatia,i{ 
 and from thence pafl'ed over the river riJfarawj^and by the way of Satriculaznd Trchia^joaimy- 
 ed over Sptejfid.i through the mouncainsvard arrived at Nola, A little before the coming of the 
 Roman Praetor, Anwbd^^i departed and i;one out of the Territory oi NoU^ and drew down- 
 w.'.rds toihefea-fidenear vmio NeafJis : his teeth watered at thePorc-town, andthat one of 
 >-J#V'c/thisniip? might arrive thither, as to a (afe and fure harbour. But after that he heard thac 
 N pies was held by a Roman Provolf, M. Juww SylLtnHs Cfent for thither by the Neapolitans 
 themrelves)and had received a garrilon : feeing he could not be admitted into Neapoljs^vo more 
 thnn into NoU.hc went to Kfucerta. Having beleaguered it round a long time,and often aflauked 
 it forcibly -and affaied to foUicit as well the Commons as the Nobility, but without effed ; at the I 
 len'j^thbv famine he forced them to yield, and fo became mafter of the Town upon compofition. 
 That thqrfliould depart every mandifarmed in their fmgle garments. Then, as one that would 
 feemeverftjom the beginning, to ufe clemency to all Italians, but only the Romans; he made 
 fair promifes of great rewards and advancement to honour, unto all thole that would tarry be- J 
 hind and ferve under him. Bnt no man upon thofe hopes would remain with him. For they all M 
 ga\e him thellip, nnd went fundry waies, fome to their friends and acquaintance, othersata a 
 venriireas their mind Hood, to divers Cities of Campain,butmo(l to Noia 3.nd N'-p/es. Amon°(k 
 theve[i,there were almolt thirty Senators, and thole (as it fell out ^ of the bell loit, that came 
 to G^pa.i: but being kept out there becaufe they had fhut their gates againll Annibal, they went 
 to Owies. The pillage of Nnccriawis bellowed upon the fouldiers^theCity facked and burnt. K 
 Now kept Murcelks NoLi. not prefumingmore upon the flrengthof hisovvngarrifon, than 
 upon the confidence he had in the great men and chief of the City. Bur he had the Com- 
 mons in jealoufie, and above all, one L.Bantins., who for thac he had complotted to rebell, and 
 therefore Hood in fear of the Roman Deputy: one while was pricked and incited to attempt 
 rreafon, and to betray his Country ; another whi e, in cafe he fhoud fail of that opportunity, 
 and mifs hispurpofe, to make an efcape and run away to the enemy. Acouragious and lutiy 
 youngmanhe \vas,and thebraveilCavaleerinthofedaiesofallthe Roman Confedents. His hap 
 was to befound lying half dead among the heaps ot {lain bodies before C^»r* : AnrdbJ took or- 
 der for the curing of his hurts,and when he was throughly healed,right curteoufly fent him home 
 well and bountifully rewarded.In remembrance of which favour and good turn, and in token of L 
 tliankfulnefs, he was willing to deliver and yield Nola into the hands of Atimbal^ to be at his de- 
 votion.Butthe Prstorhad an eye unto him,and obfervedhowhis head wrought, and wasbufi- 
 ly occupied to bring an alteration. And feeing there were but two waies to deal with him, eithec 
 by pimifhment to keep him fhort,and cut him off ; or by fome benefit to win his heart: he think- 
 ing it a better courfe^to gain unto himfelf fo hardy and valiant a friend, than only to bereave his 
 enemy of him ; he fent for him, and in this manncrfpake friendly unto him : " You have Cquoth 
 '."he)amonllyout countrymen and fellow-Citizens, I fee well, many thst envy you, as it appears 
 *' weir by this, that there is never a neighbour you haveatTVoA? that hath told me of you, and 
 ''how many noble exploits and good fervices in war you have performed. But yet your valour 
 " cannot be unknown and hidden, ever fince you ferved in the Roman army. For many there M 
 *' be which were fouldiers then with you5which have made report unto me ofyour prowefs, and 
 •"; what perils you have emred into and how often you have put your lite in hazard, for the fafecy 
 "^and honourot the people of Rome : and namely, how in the battel before Cannd you gave not 
 *'ov«r fight, untill at length having bled well near to death, you were borrito the ground and 
 *Uayunderfpot,ov'ervy helmed with men,horfeand armour, falling upon you, and l"o kept down 
 'ithai you could not rife upagain.Butbeof goodchearman,andgo onllillinthisthy vertueand 
 ''well-doing: yoh fliall haveat my hands allhononr and reward that may be poiTib'a: and the. J| 
 **oftner you cpmVto me and keepmecompafiy,you fliall find it wiil be more for your reputation' " 
 "and comtnod^ty.both.The young man was glad at heart tor thefe gracious words and large pro- 
 mifes: and fo AUrceilns gave unto him freely, a good brave courfer, and commanded the Trea-M 
 
 • i5r».i\.(h, furerto tell him out in money '500* Bigats of filver,charging his officers nnd Li(£lors to let him' 
 6>»i. ' ' ha'veaccefsuntolatin athispleafure, whenfoever became. By thiscurteousufage and humanity 
 
 • Bigatw w« of MarcellHs.i^z youn^ mans floot heart was fo dulced, mollified and eaf.e to be wrought, that 
 a piece of Ro- ^^ ^'j ^Qiifederajs and Allies there was not one Avho bare himfelf more valiantly.nor maintained 
 ^in 'fo called "lore faithfully the State of A^jw^ .When Anmhal was approached to the gates o'iNoUiioi he was 
 of B;gi«,acha- returned from Ar«ar;'.«,and came thitheragain^and the Commons within the townpraiVifed a- 
 rinc drawn frcHi to rcbell, ^4rc-f//;« had a little before the coming of the enemies, retired and put himfelf 
 whh twohor- ^^'nhin the vvals : not for tear that he fliould not be able to keep the field and his hold ; but left 
 ftlnipedupon"^ he fhould give advantage and opportunity to betray the City, feeing too many of them within 
 ihe one liJc, difpofcd and forward thereunto. After this,ihey bcgrn on both fides to arrange their battels in Q 
 and itwjs the cirtay theRomans underthe wals of A^oWhe Carthaginians before their own fort. Small skir- 
 famc thai Di- rj,i|]ies there were between the City and the Camp of Annihd ( with variable event of fortune ) 
 
 becaufe the Generals were not willing, either to deny and debar I'ome few that were fo eager 
 and ftkrward to call for fight, or yet to give forth the fignall of a generall battell. Whiles thefe 
 two armies temporized thus, and held their C«)pj^ij^«^r^, continually, and in manner of a 
 folemn fet Aflembly, the chief Nobles of the Nolans advertifed Marcellus^ that there ufed . 
 to be night-meetings and conferences between their own Commons and the Carthaginians: 
 
 and 
 
 uxrim.
 
 Jhethreeandti3pentiethBoo\ofT.LiVi\xs, 291 
 
 and that it Was plotted and let down, That when the Roman Holt was ifliied in b?ttel-array out 
 ot their gates, the Commons inthemciin while fliould talltorifiingtheircarri3ges,packs,and 
 frulksvvithin,and then flnit chelates upon them, and keep the walls; and lb having thj City, and 
 all thcirgoods and baggige under their hands, flTOuldt'rom thenceforth receive An,:t!a!\nto the 
 City inlkad oi M^rcelly^. Upon theleadvertiremeniS5/^..r(7f//f« after hehad thanked and com- 
 mended the Senators of-V//?, determined beforeany commotion and mutiny arofe within the 
 ' walls to try the fortune of ^ bated. At thofe three gates that hood toward the enemy he ranged 
 his forces divided into three battaillons,& gaveorder.thatallihe carriages Ihouid follow alter: 
 p and th.u the lackies,lannders.?.rd other Canip followers ^together with the feeble and fickly per- 
 fons, Ihoiild carry Rakes and p.itesiortherAmpicr. At the middle gate he phuedtheilowerand 
 flrength of the legions,together with the P^oman Cavalry: at the two gates at ei ther hand he be- 
 flowed the new fouldic-rs the ;ightarmed,3nd the auxiliary hontrnen ofaliies.The Nolans were 
 by llreight ■.ommandment forbidden to'approa' h the gates or the walls. As for the bjggnge and 
 carrLiges the ordinary gnard wr.s appointed to .ittcnd thereupon, for teo.r, led while the Legions 
 were biihe in fjght.therefliould be iome.ilVaiTlt made upon them. In this order and array mar- 
 /lialled they were within the gates. ^i».W^/-, who jikewife re?.dy arranged. Hood with banner dif- 
 plaied (as he had done for certain daies togcther)untill it was well toward noon;i'r(i wondred at 
 itjthat neither the Rom.in army iiVued oiu of the gates. nor any loiiidier appeared upon the wals : 
 ^ and liippoling afterwardsjthat their ufuall compJots and conventicles were difcovered and revea- 
 led, and thattorveryfearthcy kept within and fatfiiil, fentbackparcof their foiddicrs into the 
 Camp,with commandment, in all fpced to bring abroad into the open Held before the vaaiguard, 
 all the Ordnance and Artillery forto batter the City walls ; with allured confidence, ihatifhe 
 came hotly upon them, andgave anaffault, whiles they thus lingred and iflned not forth, the 
 Commons would make feme tumult ,ind (Hr within the City. Bin anon as every man was bufily 
 occupied,riinning to and fro in haHe about his own charge, before the vanguard and forefront of 
 his battel-even at the point when he advanced forward to the wals ; all upon a fudden a gate was 
 fet open, and MarceHtn caufed the trumpets to lound the alarm, and the fou'.diers to let up a 
 fliout.comm.anding the footmen tirii, and then the hor.'eto fa'ly our, and with ail the might and 
 _. for^e they couldjto charge upon the enf my. Soon had they terrified their main battel! fufficient- 
 ly,and made diforder there. when at the two gates of each fide-,P.l^aleriits Flacciisznd Qtius Ait- 
 rdius. two Lieutenants generalljiffued forth upon their flanks and wings. The horfe-boies fculli- 
 ons and the other multitude aboveiaid, which was fet to guard the carriages, arofeup and made 
 a new outcry, andfhouted, fo as to the Carthaginians (who contemned them before for their 
 fmall number efpecially )theyreprefented all at once a fliewof a mighty army.I dare not avouch 
 that which f'ome Authors ftitk not to write, that of enemies were (lain in this confli6l 2300 
 and that the Romans loft but one only man. But what viilory foever it was, either fo great, or 
 fmaller, fiirely a doughty piece of fervice was that day atchieved & I wot not whether I may tru- 
 ly fay, of the greateftconfequence that any ever was, during the time of that war.Fcr as the time 
 was then, it was a greater matter for the Romans ( albeit they were the Conquerors) not to be 
 vanquiflied oi Ar.nibd\k'.zr\ it was afterwards to vanquifli him.yi/;;j/^.;/difappointed of-his hope 
 to win NoLi retired to y/rfrre.And AdarcelUis immediately having fiiut the gates.nnd placed the 
 guards and warders to keep the fame, that nomanmighr go forth, fat judicially in the market- 
 place to examine thole that had uledfecret conference and p.irling with the enemies : andfindinc^ 
 abovefeventy guilty of this a6^ion pronounced ientence of death upon them, as in cafe of trea- 
 fon.Thofi; he cut fhorter by the head,and commai^ded theirgoods to be conl^tcat. And thus lea- 
 ving the government of the City to the Senac ihereof;he departed with all his forces, and ;bove 
 Suej[nht encamped himfelf and there abode. 
 
 Arrnib. I being come before .■Jrf?-'-.z,fuft lummoncd the City, to f'urrender voluntarily S: with- 
 out conllraint : but li-cing them obftinate, and willing to relent, he made preparation to lay fiege 
 Funtothetownand toaflaultir, ButtheAcerrans had better heart ar.d coi;rage,than might and 
 (Irength to refill him. Therefore, when they lavy'themfehes like to beintrenthed ail about, and 
 were palt hope to defend and keep the town : before the enemies had brought all ends of their 
 trenches and 1" onces together they gotbetweenthetrenches and rampicrs(wherethey werenot 
 finiflied and Itood not dole together) in the dead time ofthenight.andef.apcd through the fen- 
 tinels and witches that were flendely looked nnto,and as well as they could making Oiif't through 
 by-waies and blind lanes over hedge and ditch(aseithertheir wits guided them,or their fear car- 
 ried ihem}recovered thofe Cities of dw/).w/-/j which they knew for certain were not revoked, 
 but perfifted true and taft unto the Romans. AnmbdUkz-c he had put Acerra to the tack, and fet 
 it on fire having intelligence, thattheRomanDidator and thcLegions were received at C»«/;/(- 
 (j»«w: and tea ring, left while the enemy lay fo near encamped,fome iliould have recourfealfo into 
 C^p«4-Jed his army toG!///;^';;w, . . 
 
 Atthelametime Prey.ejie was held by jooPrencflins, with afew Romans andLatines, who 
 upon the news of the overthrow at r^;7»<^were retired thither.Thefe Preneftins,by occaiion that 
 they were not levied and muftered at FreyKJic by the day appointed , fet out from thence fbme- 
 whattoo late; and were come as far z^CafiUyiuM^ before the rumour was bruited of the defeat 
 before rrf»»^: where they joyned themfelves with other Romans and Confederats, fet forward 
 from (f»t/;//>;«»;, and marched together with a good great company : but meetingby theway 
 
 with
 
 with the tidiiT's cf that unfortnnat field,turned back again to CafilimT». And after they had fpcnt H 
 certain daies there,as well fearing the Campans.as fuipeaed of them again, (for they deviied on 
 both fides how to entrap one anothcr.and how to avoid each others trains) and having received 
 alfocertain intelligence, That in C^piui there was treating abpiit a revolt, and that Anmbd was 
 there received ; they inonenightletupontheTownfmenof C«/;//:.'«w?5and killed them, and got 
 thatpartofthe City which is on this hder?</f«^;?;«,f3river that runneth through it,anddividcth 
 itinto'twopartO and kept it Hill. • Their number was well encreafed by ihecomicgofacohorc 
 of foiirhundrcd and hxty Peruhns, who likewife were driven to Cafdimtm^ by the famereporc 
 and ne\vs,\vhich a few daies before had turned the Preneftins thither. And lurely there was luf- 
 ficient almoft of armed fonldiers to man and defend the walls of that part, being of fo fmali acir- T 
 cnitas they were, (onf.deringthe town was flanked on iheone fide with theriver. And again, 
 for the propoiiio'n of covn (whereof they had fmall Rore ) they were men but too many. Anm- 
 /?.?/bein^ now nr,t far fiom thence, fenc before him theGetulians,under thecondua of a Captain 
 named /p/c.i ; with diredtion.that firll,it he could come to a parley, he fhould perfwade with the 
 ^ Inhabitants within and by fair wo.ds induce them to open tlieir gates,and receive a garrifon ; but 
 in cafe they continued ilil; in their oblHnacy,then to aflail them by force, and give the attempt 
 to enter into the City one way or other. When they wer^( Ome under the walls, the barbarous 
 Captaiij //■/w^fuppoiinv^'/becaufe he heard no noife,and iavy lo IiirriDg)that they had quit and a- 
 bandoned the town ana were fled began co afiailthe gates, break open the locks, & burft the bars. 
 But all at once on a fudden the gates were fee open, and two cohorts well appointed and provi- K 
 ded for that purpofe within, fallied forth^with an cxcetcirg great noife and tumult, overthrew a 
 number of the enemies and beat them down. Thus wheu the firrt had therepulfe and were fee 
 ba:k,^*j/vir/'- 1 was fent with a greater power to fecond them^brc was not able to make his par- 
 I ty oood with thefe fquadrons thlt faliied forth and charged upon him. At lafi: ^»«/i;<«/himfelfen- 
 ficgcd.*"" ' camped even bet'oiethewali.and with all his power and forces put togetherjmade preparation to 
 oive affault lo this little tovvn,&; fmall garrifon, And whi'es he prefled hard upon them with frefli 
 and hot alfaults.inveUing it round about,the enemies from off their wa!s,curtains-,and turrets,let 
 flie their fhot fo Inllily upon the aflailants-that he loft fome of his beft & molf forward men ther. 
 Once they iffued forth of thcmfches upon a bravery, and minded to bid them battel, but by a 
 rou: fe of Elephants fet between them and hcme-they had like to have been fhut forth and kept I. 
 out. and fo they msde hade in great ieir to recover the gates and put themfehes vvithin the town 
 aoain ; hav irg loll conGderirgfo fmall a number, agreatforc: and more had died for it,but that 
 the nieht parted the fray,and made an end of the skirmifli. Tlie morrow after;the aflailants were 
 allofthemln irp fet to give a frefli and hot charge, but not beiorethere was a murall Coronet of 
 * <'old fliewcd,and promiled unto him that firlf could fcaic the walls. And the General himfelf call 
 
 in their r eeth and reproved them for being fo long about the aiiauking of a fmal and weak fconce, 
 to fpeak of, 'V^r.cd alfn npon a plain : whereas before they had won the Rrong town oiSiignntnm. 
 He put them in mind loth all and fome^ cf CanK&.Thrafynnnut^fiv.A Trebia, Then began they to 
 / fet mantlets and pavoifes to, and to undermine. Many and lundryenteiprifes were attempted) 
 
 and nothins; leftundone, thateiiherby meer force could be performed, or by arc and cunning de- M 
 vifed. The R'.imanaffociats again!! thefe tbeirengins and fabricksraifed mounts, and plattorms: 
 yea aid with countermines and crofs trenches.,m.et withthe mines of the enemies; foasbotha- 
 bove?round and rnderneath.they impeached all their attempts; folonq, uniiU^;jK;^rt/for very 
 fiiame w-is fain to give over his defgn for theprefent. -A.^idwhen he had fortified his (landing 
 Camp and placed there a mean guard for the defence of ir,becnifehe would not fecm to have re- 
 linqnifiicd altosjether the enterprire,he withdrew himfelt inioCjiMa. there to winter. There he 
 lodc'cdhis fculdiers withinhoufe for the better part of winter: thofc fouldiers.I fay,whomany 
 a time'nd often had endured long, and held out againlt all travels and hardnefs that canpoltibly 
 happen tothebody ofman ; and never had been ufedto any good keeping, nor acquainted v\ith 
 delighrs and pleafures of the world. But even thefe men, whom no calamity, no mifery could N 
 tame and overcome, were fpoiled and undone with too much wealth and exceflive dainties: and 
 fomu.htheraiher.asthey moregrcedilyfell thereto ; and having not tafted thereofhefore, gave 
 the'mfclvcs wholly that way, and were deep'y.plunged and drowned therein. For fleeping on 
 foft bed-, wine and delicate fare, wenching and bathing, (lews and hot-houfes, idlenefs and ta- 
 king eafe, which by ufe and cuflome grew plcafant and delightfome unto them every day more 
 than other ; had infuch fort weakned their bodics,ard made their hearts foeffeminate.that from 
 that time forwird the reputation and name only of their vidloriespaft defended them more than 
 r.nv prefent (Irength and vigor they had: infomuch, as expert andskilfull warriors judged their 
 Captain lyinihJ'm more fault, and farther overfeen in this a(SHon,thanin not leading his Army 
 Hreig't forward to Rome, after the battel! before Cann£> For, that (lay might have been q 
 thonphtto have deferred only the entire and fin::ll viclory for atime, but this crrour and over- 
 fighr feemed to difable him for atchicving the vidory for ever. So little retained he of his for- 
 irer o^d difi ipline that I affnre you. he went out of Cufmi again as if he had led lome other Ar- 
 my and noneof his own. For, notonly they returned from thence mod of them inrangled and 
 fnsred in the love of harlots, but fo foon as they came again to lie abroad on the bare earth 
 under tenti and pavilions covered with beads hides, to march long journeys, and to talk of 
 oih'erflnilitary toil and labour ; their bodies fo tired, their hearts fo fainted, as if they had been 
 
 raw
 
 The three andtjpentieth Boo\^ of T. Livius. ^o^ 
 
 raw iouldiers, new come into the field: in fuch wife, as all the time of their fummer abode in ' ' 
 Camp.many of them withou licenfe and pafport, would flip out of the vvay,and depart from their 
 ,tolour3 : and thefe (fart-backs had no other place of haunt to liirk in,but C-pru. Now when che 
 ( winter feafon began to be more miid and draw towards the Spring, ^^iw/z^/r/brought forili his 
 fouldiers out of feis wincring harbours and returned to Cafi'mrm/ : where, albcic the aflnuk tea- 
 fed, yet the liege had continued fofircight, that the townlmenr.ndthego.rrifon within the Fort, 
 were driven to extream neccffiry and want of vidtuais. Now the Captain over the Roman Cnmp 
 was T.SenifroniHi [ Grachm ] by reafon that the Diibtor was gone to Rome to take new Anfpi- 
 o ces. Andastor /Ji^.rvce/te/, who was dehrous for his pa it lo reaeve and lut tour the bef.cgcd,\\as 
 impeached for coming to them,partly, by the riling and (welling of the ri\ er Ff.hm-nus^ZTiA partly, 
 by theintrcaiyot the Citizens of A^o/^aud yicerra-, who greatly feared theCampans, in tafe the 
 garrilbn were once departed from them. And Gracchus^ lying and keeping near unto C c-Siiinum-y 
 iHrred notonefoot,by reafon of the exprefs commandment of the Diiitator^.Thathefliould at- 
 tempt nothing in his abfente: albeit there came daily from C^[fdnim>i into the CampiiKh ncws,as 
 would have moved andproyoked the molt patient man that was. For it wastonitancly reported, 
 and forcertam known, thatfome of them within the town, no longer able to endure ihcfamine, 
 threw themfelves down headlong, and brake their necks : others (lood unarmed uponthc walls, 
 offring their bare ;ind naked bodies as a Butt and mark to the ("hotof arrows, and others dartS; 
 f> Gr^ccAw/ grieved muv-h to hear thefe pitioustidings,yet dura lie not for his iite,skirmi!li and fight 
 without the w;'rrant of the Dictator : Sc he law lull weil.thatif he would convey corn and vidhi- 
 als unto them openly. fight he mu(t there was no remedy. Having therefore no hope at all to fend 
 any,but it fhou.d be fpiedjhe deviled to fill many tuns and pipes with corn,tbat he had gotten to- 
 gether out ot the country all abouuand withall,to difpatth a meflenger to ch? chiefMagirirate of 
 C.ifilinumM ^ inng him,that he fhould in the night fealon take up all thoie vcffels that came down 
 the river. The night next following, every man watched atthe river hde, according to the hope 
 they con;ei\ed by the forelaid Roman meflenger, and fo reteived thofs tuns, hulling down the 
 midll ot the (tream; and the corn was equally divided among them arl.Thus did they the mo^ row 
 after,and the third day alfo, For.ever by night thefe vellels were let down into the water. and the 
 j-.(ame night they might eafily come unto them: by reafon w hereof v:l;e fencinels and guards of the 
 enemies were nothing ware of that which was done. But afterwards, the turrcnt growing more 
 Iwift and rough, by occahon of continuallrain that fell . the laid tuns were fomc of them drii tn 
 crofs the channel to the bank (ide, even where the enemies warded: and were efpied waving and 
 flicking among the willows and ofiers that grew along <:lole unto the banks: v^jho.xzQ'i Anntbal 
 wasadvertifed. And i'o from thenceforward they tended the watch more Uraightly. that nothing 
 fent down the river ?'«/fw»«.f could efcape them, and pals to the City. Aiterwards, there was 
 powredinto the water great ftore of nuts from the Camp of the Romans; which (lo'^ted down 
 thechannei umnCafiiiKftm, and with grated skimmers of wicker were taken up. But at the laf}, 
 they within the town werednvento this poor fliift and extremity, tor to take their thongs and 
 bridle rains.to pluck ofthe leather from theirfliields&burk'ers, and make them fo^t in f aiding 
 water and prove how theycould eat them.Nay ,they Tparednot I'omuch as mi^e,and rats^ncr any 
 other like vermin. Nor there was not a weed nor a root tiatthey tou:d tome by upon thebanks 
 and terraces under the wa!ls,bnt they gathered and digged up. And when the enemies h.id turned 
 upwith a plough all the green- lord ofthe counter-fcarp withoutthe walls, they within i:.\i}. tur- 
 nip-feed upon the mould.VVhereupon ^«»//'..7made a bout ac it.,and cried aloud: What? flial! we 
 fit here about Caftliniim lo long, until! thelerapes be come up and grown. And whereas before 
 that time,he would never vouLhlafe to hear ot any compoiition and agreement now at lafl.he was = 
 contented to take rea'on. and be conferred withall about the ranfom of as many as were freemen 
 within the Town. And ic was covenanted between him and them that they fliould pay for their 
 redemption " feven ounces of gold a pee^e. So upon faithfnll promifc made, and fecurity given, * 2i.lib.fte-' 
 f they yielded themfelves: and were kept bound in nrifon undl! they had made lull piymcrt ofthe 
 gold alorefaid. After whi.h, they were fentback under fafeconduil to Cumcs. For this is more 
 like to be true, than the report which goeth, That there wcrefentout after them ccrrainhorfc- 
 men,whofell up-in them and flew them in the way.Mofl of them were Prcnefiin.^. And whereas, 
 there were ot them in all live hundred and feveniy in gartifon the one half well near,were either 
 by fword or hunger conlumed: All the rett, together with their Praetor Mamti:tS;( one whoa- 
 foretime had been a Scribe orNotary)returned fafe unto Trcnifte.Xvi. memorial and teflimony of 
 this his Statue was ereSed in the market place of Prenefte, armed in his cuirafie, clad in along 
 robe, with his head covered : and three other images, with a title or inlcription engraven in a 
 plaieofBrafs, with this tenor: That ^^<jw/0j had made a vow forthe iouldiers who lay ingar- 
 Grifon with him itC<*fili»um. And the fame title alfo was engraven under three other im3ges,let . 
 Up in the Temple ofFortma. The Town of C afilimm was rellored again to the Campains, with a 
 flrong garrilbn ofyoofculdiers^deduded out of the army of Annibal: lor fear left vvhcn he was 
 departed once from thence,theRomans fhould affail them. 
 
 The Senat of Rome by vertue of a decree, granted unto thofe fouldiers of Prenejie double wa- 
 ges.with fiveyears vacation^ re(t from warfare. And when,to gratifie them fartherfor their va- 
 liant fervice,they made offer unto them ofthe Burgeflie and freedom of Rowc^ they chofe rather 
 to remain (Hll at homcand would not change their own Country. But what befell unto the Pe- 
 
 ruHns*
 
 2 01 7 k three and wentietb Boo\ofT, Livius, 
 
 rofms, is not recorded l"o plainly : for neither ; ppeareth evidence by any publike monument and H 
 mcmoriallot iheitown, nor yet decree extant of ibe Romans. At the lame time the Peteliins 
 (wlio alone of aii the Briitii remained in tricrdll.ip and amity with theRomaos ) vvereaffaulted 
 rot only by lU Carthaginian:, (that werepoflcfled ot a gre. t p.'.rt of the Country about them) 
 but aifoby the oihtr Brutii with whom they wouidnot joyninthecomplot of their rebellion. 
 The Peteliins not able or themlelves to holdout and enduietbefe dangers, fent their Embaffa- 
 doisioKome, torto crave their aid and affiftance: whole humbe prayers and pitious tears (for 
 a.ttr an anfwer received; That they fliould pro ide and fhift for themlelves ; thcyfeil into la- 
 mentable mo.ns andcompUincs^andlay proftr^te upon the earth, before the porch of the Coun- 
 cil Houie ) wrought exceeding comp-illion and pity in the hearts of the Sv.nators, and alfoof the x 
 people: \vnere!:ponihe LL. were moved again the fecond time, by ^^ ty£mylim the Vvxioi, 
 to deliver their opinion. And when they had cart all about, and weil weighed and conhdered 
 their frcfentUaie,and what they wereable to do : being forced to confefs, ttiat it lay not in their 
 power to heipcheir Alliefofjr dill .^nt and remote fromthem: they willed them to repair home 
 again; andiin.ethey had performed 'heir fidelity to the full, according to covenant, theygavt 
 them leave in this calamity of thtir^ to taKe that conrie that they thought beft for themlelves. 
 When they were returned with this an'wer unto the Peteliins, their benat all on a ludden was 
 tiru^keninto lu.h lorro vsjdtimps and fe?r*ullmize;thatlome of them were of mind5andgave 
 advice, to abandon tneCity, and fly every man wherefoever he couid: others were of opinion 
 and perlwaded, that feeing they werefo.f.kenoftheir old trends they Oiouldjoyn with the o- K 
 ther Brutii,and by their m£aDs,turn to Aimia! zrd come under hi? proteflion. ho wbeic-a third 
 fidepr^vai.ed, who would in no wife that anything llioud be done o\er hallily andrafhly:but 
 that tr.ty might m.cet again, and ht m t oanle.l about the matter. And lo it was put otf, and re- 
 spite given untill the next day. Then,after more mature dc.ibcraiionjand their former tear fome- 
 what aflwaged. theprini-ipallperionagei there- aflembled grew to this refolution, namely, To 
 convey all things out of the Territory about, them into the City, and tofortihe bothitand the 
 walls. 
 
 Ne.n- about one and the f.tme time- there came Ports with Packets of Letters to Rome-, from 
 out oi Stc:ly iT\d S..rdiyi:a. Thofe out of 5;c;/) from 0>,?^r.7i»/che ViccPritcr, werereadfirft 
 in the Senat Houie importing theie news: That L.fai'.-r;! tie Prstor was come out of Affrtck^, \. 
 and with his fleet arrived at L(/>^<««w: himlellfore hurt, and .ying at point of de:th : thatnei- 
 thefouldiers, norfailcrs, andm..rrincr5,had their money or corn duly pud at the day ; neither 
 indeed was there any to be had; fortokeeptou h and inakcpai.nenc: mo.ingmd ad filing them 
 cprnellly to fend iupply thereof vv ith all. on enientlpeed : and if they thought fo good one alio 
 of the new cho.'cnl^rscorj to uccecdatterhim.To the lameetfed in manner y^xoitCornel.Mam' 
 w«/.iihePro-Prxtor,out of ^..'/-^j^-m, as touching that point of money and orn.Anlwer was re- 
 turned to the one and the other That they had it not,and therrbie they were to look themieUes 
 both to their Armados and Armies. and to provide for int^m.OclaciliHs, who addreffed Embafl'a- 
 dors unto K. ///fro (the oni) refuge and Ihy of .u.uourth.u tiie people of i?owfhad^ received for 
 foulditrs pay.as mu^h liiver as wa- ncedtuli, and ^ om to fer\ ei.xmonths. The confederal Cities lA 
 likewifein5»ir^/»!.-cortribiitediiber3,lyuntoC rM ///J. and ferved his turn, hi Rome alfo for 
 want of iih er, there were (by a law publidied by A/, );«rj»j, Tribune of the Comm.ons) created 
 three Bankers J called Trmmviri Mr/ifani.^o vi'xi L.&myl ».'■> who had been ConfulandCenfor: 
 M.Atxd us Reqt!lMi-:iss'i^Q Coniul afore time : and L.Sonio^iusLibo^^ Tribune of the Commons 
 for the time being. Tv\oDuumvir alio were ':ho.en,A/.and C>^«//«,who dedic.ited the Tem- 
 ple of C^aco'^whiv h L.MdnlHi Pritor had vowed before. Three High Priells alfo were confe- 
 cr<!ted Qj^i- cilnis A ■!. ttcllnsQ^F'-'bnts M..x. and Q^Fulv m FL<crus all to fupply the rooms of P. 
 ScAKttyiins late deceafed : ol L. &.m)ius Pa Im the Confui, and ^,€/.'«j Pstus^ flain both in the 
 jonrncy of C .>./?<«. 
 
 Now whenastheLL.oftheSenat had fulhllec otherw.iPts antJmideupalldecaiesandbrea-N- 
 che?, whithtortiine by coniinuall calamities ard ofleshad wrought and brought upon them, fo 
 far forth, as by any wifdoin and polity of man they could prov'de for: atlength they had refpeft 
 and regard unto ihem.elves al;o„ even to thedelolate ellate of the Coun il-Houfe and the untre- 
 quent numbe: ot Senators affembling ti> the pubiike Coun. ill of tie City.For fin e that L.&my- 
 Lus and C.Fl Tnhiiui were Cenlors-chere had been hofen no new Senators notwithftanding that 
 in five years fpaicwhat with unor:unate battels, and what with other particular chances,lo ma- 
 ny orthemhadmifcarried. And when 1/.i£/M)/«uliePr2tor5intheablenceoftheDi£l:ator(who 
 after the lofs of C<?/;//»«wwasnovvgoneaga.ntotheho(t ) had at thercqueft of them all, pro- 
 pounded this matter ■ then Sp.Ca'-viiHs after he had in along oration complained, not only of 
 the penury, but alfo of I he fmall choice of thole Citizens, who were capable of Senators digni- q 
 fy, fpake unto the point, and laid '^ That heheldit a matterof good importance both for the 
 "full repairing and rellorlng of thedecayfd body oftheSenat, as alfo for to bind iheLaiineNa- 
 '• tion in a more aft bond of amity ,that twoSenators out of every State of the Latines (ifthe LL. 
 "of theSenat o^ Romevjow d agree unto it) fhoud be enfranchifed Citizens of ^(7w*,and taken 
 " into the Senat in place of thofe that were deceaied. This opinion of his the LL of the Senate 
 could abide to hear with no better ear than in time? p-^O they accepted the motion and demand 
 of the Latines themfeives in that behalf. And there being throughout the whole Houfe a great 
 
 muttering
 
 The three and mentieth Boo [pfT. Li vi us. 5 c) 5 
 
 A mattering, for very indignation and difdsiri of {hofe bis words, Manlins above the reft firake cut 
 into this fpscch, and laid '; *• That they were not all dead, bat one man yet wss left alive of rhat 
 '' houfeand line, out of which aConful (whentiine was) threatned in the Capitol, chat he would 
 '• kill with his own band, thatLatine whomloever he law luting in theCouncel-Houleof ^ow^. 
 With that, O^abtus : '■ Never was tberea thing, quoth he, propounded and mentioned intbe 
 " Senat-hculc, in a worfe and more unif afonablc time,than at this pre len:, when as the Iicaits and 
 '- affedions of our Allies iieing lb waveringjtbeir faith and alkageince io doubtful,the very bicak- 
 " ing and broaching of iuchi matter as this, were enough to let chem farther out. A';i thi^refore 
 " this inconfiderac Ipeecb of one fooiilh vain perlon , is to belupprdlcd and buried p.elcntly with 
 
 B "thefilence of allii;en, and never once to be Ipokenot again, ftnd if ever there were uttered at 
 " Councel Table, any (ecretand inyRery, which were to be concealed^thisof xilochtT ought moft 
 "to be kept dole, hidden sr:d fmotheredi.T oblivion, and repu'.cd as never ipokenatall. So this 
 "matter was dafht, and dyed there in the very birth. Then they proceeded and agreed, to creat 
 DidatorfrrthechooGngofScnators, onsthat hid been Cenibraforetime, and ofall tbofe who 
 had been Cenlors, and were then living, ti?.c mod ancient : sni thereto they gave order, thatC. 
 TercKtiM rarro the Conful fhould be lent for, to the nomination of that Dictator. Who being re- 
 turned out of ApKl-a, leaving the camp there with a good guard, and taking long joorneySj until 
 he was come to Rot-.e : the njght next following (as the manner was j created by authority of an 
 acS of Senst, Af. Fabius Bmeo^ Dift. for fix mor.eths, without s General of Horl'e. When he was 
 
 (3 mounted up with his Serjeants t6 the Rsftra , ^ which is the place of publike audience ] for to 
 make afpeech onto the people, he (aid ; "' That he neither allowed of two Diftators atone time, 
 "(a precedent never ieen and known afore) nor yit could take himfelf for a Didator , fo long as 
 "be was without his General of Cavalry. J miGike alio (quoth he^' that the enure authority and 
 " power of Ccntbrs, (liould be put into the hands of one and the le^i'-Ume man, twice : and that a 
 " Didlator (liould have the rule and governmsr t f^rfix rnoneths , unlds he were created for the 
 ^-^ managing of wars. And tberef<>re ((aid he) I will niy ftlfiimit and gage cbofe things, which 
 " foriune, occtfion of the times, and necefiity hsve maJe txcclTive and beyond all mealure pow- 
 " erful. Neither am I minded to depoie or dilplace ai>y of thole hom bis Senators dign,ry,whom 
 *■' C.F/arninins , and L. zy£my/nu\zie CcnioiS , hsva admitted into the Senat .• bv^toniy, that a 
 
 [) ■'■tranfcript andrcheaifaibe madecfiheir names, for that I would not have it lie in the power of 
 '• one man !?!one,to cenfure and give j udgemcnt of the farae and behavior of a Senstur ; but this 
 " courfc will I takein fublhtuting new Senators in the room of the dead, that it may appear, and 
 " be laid ; That this Order and degree is preferred before that, --'.nd not or-e perfon cefore another. 
 So after that the names of the old Senators were copied out and read, f hen he cho.'e iirli into the 
 place oftbsmthac were deceafcd, thofe whoatterthetimeof L -^mjltw indCFUmimm Cen- 
 Icrs, had born any Magiftracyof btate, and of the chair, and yet were not clecled Senators. And 
 accordmg as they bad exercifcd their office one before another in order oi'time , lo were they 
 chofen firft Senators in their coarfc. Thisdone,hemsdcalccond eleftion.ottaore wfaohad been 
 jEdiles, Tribuns, Pretors, or Queltors : and laft of all/uch as could fhe w the ipoils taken from the 
 
 E enemies of Rome hanging iii their houles: or had been honoured and rewarded with a Civick 
 garland. Thus after he had with right great approbation and contentment of all men, taken 
 into the Senat 1 77. forthwith be refigned up his otiicc, deicended fro.-n the pulpit a private man 
 again, d:fcharged and put from him the Serjeants , and ca.tie and Hood beneath among th'S other 
 multitude that attended fheir own private buline's : trifling out the time for the nonce and of pur- 
 pole, becaafe be would not have the people to leave the commonplace for to wait upon hiin. 
 Howbeic , for all that lingering and (lay which he made, thepcop'tiafredioncooled never the 
 more, and fo with a goodly train of men he was tccompsnied, and conduced home to his 
 houle. 
 
 The next night following, the Conful returned toward the army ,' wi hout making the Senate 
 
 F privy and acquainted with bis departure, for fear he lliould have been detained iiill in the City for 
 the lolemneleSionof new Magillrats. The morrow after the Senate decreed, upon a motion 
 propounded by AI. Fomponiut the Pretor, to write unto the Didaror, that if he thought it were for 
 the good of the common-weal, be wou'd together with his General uf the Cavalry, and M.Mar- 
 cir//>« the Pretor, repair to Aojwif iofubrogateand choolencw Condjls, fo the end that whtn they 
 were all together in place, the LL. of the Senate might by them take knowledge in what (fate the 
 Commcn* wealth ftood and conlult how to provide for every thing;. They all came that were 
 lent for accordingly , leaving behind them their Lieutenants ior the government and condutS of 
 the Legions. The DitSator Ipake of himlelf but little, and with much modclly, afcribingthc 
 greatclf part of the honoi unto T. Sempromm Cfraccbiu, and then fummoned the general aflenibly 
 
 Q tot the Elei^ion .• in which were cholen Cull. L-FoHhumiHs the third time (whothen wasabfenr, 
 and as L, Deputy ruled the Province of G^///.») and T.^fw/^romx; Cr(j<rf^«/,wht> at that time com- 
 manded the Cavalry, and repaired to Rome with (peed. Then were eleded Pretors M. Valerius 
 LeviitHf, Af. Claudius Pnlcher, QjFuiviHt FUccrts, and QjM.ttM Scdvola. The Diftator aftetr 
 ihechoofingofthcle W3gillrats,rcturncd(o T/jrd»«w, where the arm/ wintrcd .-leaving the (ge- 
 neral of the Hotfe behind at Rome, to the end that he being to enter into bis government, within 
 few dayes after, might conlult with the LL. ot the Senat astoucbing the levy an4 enrolling new 
 armies againft the year enfuing. 
 
 M m Whiles
 
 g p5 "^bs three and twentieth Bool\ofT. Livius. 
 
 Whiles they were in their fauficft and deepei. conferences about thcle matters, newscatncof a t, 
 frefli overthrow: fuch was the fortune of that year to heap one calamity in the neck of another : 
 to w'.f, that L.Pofthumnts tbeConfulelsft, wasbimfelt flain, and the army together with him in 
 Th-d f- ur Gallia J Miuxlydc'iti.tcdr.-ididixoytd. The manner of which mistortunc was this. There was ~ 
 ot L I'ulthunii- it5 thole parts a wiJe and huge forreft ( which »h£ Gauls call Z,/frf«<«) through which PoJihKmtut 
 A'lai'dhisai- wasto lead tiis army. The trees there growing on either hand of ihepale, the Gauls had fo cut, 
 my. that tbey riiighc fland upi ight of themlelves lo long as they were not ftitrcd, Ib.bcing forced never 
 
 fo little, they muftiiecds fall down. Now had ?e/M««»/«i the condudoftwo Roman legions; and 
 cf aficciars befides, from the high coafrs of the upper Sea , be had enrolled lo many louldiers, as 
 that became in;o the enemies countrey 25000 Itrcrg. The Gauls wfco had beftowcd thcmlelvcs - 
 in ambufh round about the skirts cf the wood , lo Ibon as the army was all engaged within the 
 llreighrs of the pale, fhoved from taem the trees ('fo guildcd) which (food next unto them, and 
 they fell one upon another CftanJ jng as tbcy did, fo ticklifh of tbemtelves, and reacy to totter and 
 come down on both lides of ihe way) and m the fall overthrew withal and covereo over and over 
 both horle and man, with thfirar(r.:iur and munitioii,foasfcarce ten of them efcaped alive. Foe 
 as mott of tbciii were f clicd and Urucken Uark dead , cither with the bodies of the trees , or the 
 broken arms 5nd boughs ; fo the reft of the multitude, affrighted with this uncxpcded and unhap- 
 py accident, were k'il'cd by the Gauls that belet all the ftteigbts and paflagcs ot the wood : and of 
 that great number, tbey took few prifoncrs, who making towards a bridge (landing over the Ri- 
 vcr^ were intercepted ty ibe way, and (topped by the enemies that kept the ad venue of the bridge: 
 in which place Pofihumins wasflsiti , for he ftrived all that ever he could , not to be taken alive. 
 The (poilscf this General Captain, tcgether withths head cut cfitrom the reft of bis body, the 
 Eoisns with great joy and (olemnity brought into the Temple that amongft them was reputed 
 n.oii h.',ly and lacred. And after tbey had clcnfed the head- as their manner is, they cnchacfd and 
 garniflied the skull with gold, n\i. that ferved as well for an holy veflcl to facriticc and Divine 
 wu^al, upon high snafdUval d3yes,asalto for an ordinary drinKing mizat fur the high Prieft.and 
 orocr P;eia:scf (hat Temple. I'.c booty alio wbichtbc Gauls gained cf their enemicSjWasofno 
 kfs impoitarxe rhar the vidory : iora'though agreat part of the beads and living cicaturcs was 
 crufhed ano .queafed 10 death with the fall of the wood, yet all other thir.gs^by rcalon that nothing 
 . was (catttred ind loft by flight^wcre found wholly on ibe ground, as the louldiers lay along in that ^ 
 oricr as they marched. 
 
 Toelr wcfultictngs being reported , the City was for many daycsin fuch fear and perplexity, 
 
 ibat all Ihop windows were Taut up, and no iHrcing at all in the llrccts throughout, from one end 
 
 to sheothcir , as if it had been night continually. Then the Scnat gave ihe Adiles in charge to 
 
 Will, all cDcut, and coimnand the fliops to be fet open, snd to nuU<; no more Ibew in the City of 
 
 pubhck forrcw and besvincfs. Then 7". i'fwpiEw/^/ allemblcd a Senate, fpakc comfortably to 
 
 the LL. of the Councel, and exhorted them, that " as they were not difmaycd with the overthrow 
 
 " and difcou fir urc at C«»»<« , (o they would not be caft down and daunted with lighter and Imal- 
 
 "ler lofies and calamities. For if it might plealc the Gods tcblefle them, and give them good 
 
 " tpeedCasthcy hoped no lefs) againO: the Carthaginian enemies and -.4»«iW, the war witbthe 
 
 " Gsuls might without danger and inconvenience either belaid slide clean, or put oft and defer- ^^ 
 
 •■'red. As for therevengecf this deceitful pcadile, it (hculd reft ft:ll in the power either of the 
 
 *' immoicalGods, or ot the people of Roi»e, to be performed one time or other. But foe the pre- 
 
 icnt, tbey were to conlulc and refolvc concerning >^psw;/"!/ their grand enemy, and to grow to 
 
 lome point and conclnfion cf luch forces as were meet for that war. And firft himfelf difcourfed 
 
 and laid down what corr.paaies of foot and Horfe, wha. nu.iiber of citizens, and bow many con- 
 
 fcoerats were in the army of the Didator. After him, Alarce&tu ftiewed and recounted the pro- 1 
 
 portion ofhis own power andihcir ftrength. Al.o, what forces, and of what quality, were with 
 
 C.TercmtHi theConlulin vJp«/«^j they were requaed to declare , who might fptak upon their 
 
 knowledge. Then they proceededtocaftaadcxJniin>.',wt)ether two Ccnfular armies well appoin- »t 
 
 ted snd fuinilhcd, were (utScicnt to go through '.0 great a war. Thus for that year they le' Franee 
 
 alone, albeit tbey had good caule to be angry , and were provoked that way to follow revenge. 
 
 The Did-cor his army , was appointed unto the Confjl. As lor the forces under the leading ot 
 
 AW«fi.ii,conf.fting of them that fled cot of the field at (r<?«»<e,thofe they ordained tobefentovcc 
 
 into Sic^Ljj there to iei;iain in fcrvict fo long as the wat continued in It^j : and that thither alfo 
 
 Ihould be potted over cu:of the Did:tor his Legions, all thole fouldiers who were able to do 
 
 Icaft '."civ ice, there to abide in fouldiery , without any other limitation of time than that , which 
 
 *i The tern; the * Laws in that cafe provide for. For the other Conlul, whofhould befubftituted in fteadof 
 
 cficiijc; s, L. Pofihttm.us^ there were adigoed two Legions of Roman Citizens : and order was given, fo 
 
 focii as the Aiilpices would permit, be fhould be elcded with Ipeed. Likewifeit wasagrcedupoia q 
 and ordained , to lend for two legions befidcs out of SicUy .- out of which, the Coff. unto whom 
 tfco!c Legions aforciaid of the City were allotted, fliould take what louldiers be thought needful. 
 Finally, C.Teremms the Cunful, had his commilHon of command continued for another year, 
 without empaiting one jot of the aimy, which he had in his conduft tor the guard and defence of 
 u^sulia 
 
 AQiids thcfe afJairs and preparations inltfily , the war went forward neverthelelTe in Sfain^ 
 and ever to that day profpered on the Romans fide. F. and Cn. Scipios disidai their forces fo, 
 
 as
 
 The three andti^entieth BooJ^ofTXJwAm, 507 
 
 ! A 3S Cn. ftiould ferve by Land, and Publius at Sea with the navy, j4fdruy.il the chief Colonel and 
 Commander there otthe Carthaginians, diltrulHng his own Hrengtii both by Sea and Lard, kept 
 
 ! himfelt' aloof, and far from the enemy, in fure places of fafety ; Unto whom, afcerlongl'uit and 
 inftant prayers, were lent 4000 foot, and 500 horfeoutof Affdck forlnpply. Having thus at 
 lenoth, with new helpj gathered frefh hope,heeni^^amped neerer to his cncmy-and gave order and 
 diredion withal, that the Armado flTOuid be rigged and decked for thedefenceof the lOands, 
 and theSea-coafls. And whiles he was thus beginning hotly to makewar again, he was fnddain- 
 ly diftempered and difquieted with the revolt of the Admirals and great Captains of the navy : 
 who for their fearful abandoning of the fleet upon Iheriis, having been fl'iarply chec kcd and rebu- 
 B ked, were never after trufty andfure, either to she Colonel himielf, or to the State o'^Cartkage, 
 Thefe fugitive renegats had firll pradliled to raife troubles and infurrcif ions in the Land of the 
 Carpefii, and by their folliciting and inlligation , certain Cities were procured to rebel,, and one 
 ofthem they hadforced byaffault. VVherenpon, A^druhalmmzd his forces from the Romans, 
 and bent them wholly againrt that Nation : and with a cruel army enrring the frontiers of the 
 entmies, determined to give the charge upcnG /^«/, a Nobleman and renowned chieftain of the 
 Carpelians, even before the City, that feme few dayes before was loft, where the laid G.ibus with 
 a puifTant power kept himfelfllrongly encamped. Having therefore fentout be!ore,certain van- 
 curriers lightly armed, toirain forth and drawthe enemiesto skirmifli.he made out withal cer- 
 tain Companies ofhis Infantry fundry wayes to over-run and fpoil the country, and likewifeto 
 
 C Catch up and meet with alllfragiers.difperled inthehelds. Wherecpon, at one time there was a 
 skirmifh before the camp: and likewile in the fields, they were either llain, or put to flighr. But 
 afterwardsjhaving by divers wayes from all parts recovered again the camp, fuddainly they fliakcd 
 off all fear? plucked up their hearts, and thought themfeivesgood enough , not only to defend 
 their fortand hold,butalfo to bid the enemy battaiJ. They fallied out therefore of the camp in 
 good array, iliouting,dancing,and hopping after their manner fo as this unc.\pe»Sedboidnefsand 
 courage of theirs, terrified the enemies, who a little before had challenged them to fight. 
 Whereupon /^[/"(irw^^j/himfelfwithdrew and retired his powenormore fecurity to an hill of good 
 height, «nd frtuat for his advantage, with a River likewife between him and his enemies. The 
 light armed vancurriers alfo , and the forlorn hope, together with the Horlemcn that rode T at- 
 
 O tering abroad, he caufed thither to repair tor their better fafety. Andbecanle he truHed neither 
 hill nor river, he fortified himfelf with a trench and rampicrbcfides. In thisaltcrn.u and inter- 
 changeable fear on both fides, there paffed fome bickerments; and blows were dealt between. In 
 which, neither the NumidianHorfemen were able to match the Spaniards in that kind, nor the 
 Moores archers could make their part good with the light Carpehans targetiers , who in nimble- 
 
 • nefsandfwiftnefs were as good as they 5 and for courage and bodily hrength iarbetter. Thefe 
 Carpefians feeing they neither could provoke y/yi/r«/'^/to abattail, with all their braving hard 
 underhiscamp, nor yeteafilyby afljulc win ic they took by force the City A\cna,'w\%.o which Af- 
 drubiil vihcn he firft invaded the Frontiers of his enemies-hadconveighediiore ofco^n and other 
 viiluals : yea,and became LL, of all the country thereabout. And they grew fo lufly and audaci- 
 
 Eous.that neither in their march and array nor vvithin their camp they would bcruicd and order- 
 ed by any mans command. This fe.ure and carelefs negligence of theirs, wheii AfdmluJ percei- 
 ved to arife (asufually icdoth) upon good fnccefsand prol'perity ; after an exhortation made to 
 hislbuldiers, to charge upon the enemies, roving abroad without their colours, hedefcended 
 from the hill, and marched in battail array aoainll the camp. So foon as theSpar.iards were ad- 
 \ ertifed by tho e who came in great hart,and fled from the Sentinels and coyps deff;;ayd,th3thswi5 
 coming, and neer at hand, with a great outcry they eave the alarm. And as every man could gee 
 weapon in handchey ran upon the head to bartail, without diredion and commandment of Cjp- 
 tain, without fignal,enfign,3nd ordcrjCon'ufedly. When the formoit in the vanguard were joyned 
 in conflict and come to hand-light, fome of their tellows were fcen running on heaps and by 
 
 F troups, and others were not well come forth of the camp: At the tidl the enemy was terrified 
 with their bold adventure. Afterwards astheyencountred,thinand looiely raied with the ene- 
 mies thickand clofely ranged together, feeing themfelvestoo weak, and not fuBicient, fo few in 
 number to defend theml'elves, they looked back one upon another for iuccour: and being on' 
 every fide put back, and forced to retreat and lofe ground, they cart thcm'elves into a ring, and 
 thus thruft (as they vvere)clofe together body to body and armour to armour i hey were i'o pent 
 and peftered in fo narrow a ground, that they had f:ar*.e room enough to wield their weapons : 
 io they were compaffed and environed round with the enemy > and for a good part of ihe day 
 hewenjinpeecesandmaflacrcd. Some few ofthem that brake through by dint of fword,efcaped 
 to the woods and mountains. With like fear the Co'mp was abandoned : and the day following, 
 
 G the whole nation yeelded, and came under the fnbjeclion of the Carthaginu ns. 
 
 Long they continued not quiet, Forwithina while news came from C^trr/'^^r^, xhn Jfirit- 
 h^l fnould make what fpeed he could with his army into /r /»/)■, Which rumour being blown 
 abroad through Sjiain , turned in manner all their hearts away unto the Romans. Whereupon 
 Jfdrtibal addreffed his Letters immediately to C/trtki^c, fliewing what hurt the hime ofhis de- 
 parture had done already : and in cafe he fliould (ct forward on his journey, and go;out ofthofe 
 parts, all Spain would turn totheRomans, before he were paffed thcriver//'tf/-«f. Forever 
 and befides, that he had not ftrcngth enough to leave behind for agarrifon, nor a fufficientcom- 
 M m 2 minder
 
 35^8 The tbt ee andwentieth Boo\ofT, Livius. , 
 
 mander inftead ofhimfelf, the Generals ofthe Roman armies, who had let footin5o^z>,were i 
 foih, as he might hard y make head againtt them with equal puiflan-e. And theretcrejit' they had 
 any re^cvd if.^;-<3'>i - be adviied them to ferd onetoiBtteed him with ai.rorg power: For he 
 {houldha'.ehis hands full and enough to do in the Province-,tall out things as tortunatly as they 
 could. Thefe letters, albeit at the hrll i'ght they greatly troubled theSerat, yetbecaulethe Ita- 
 lian aftairs Iccmtd o; more moment and gre.uer importance, they wrought no alteration in their 
 iDtLnd«.'d conrie. cither tor _:/y^^«/>r/himfelfj or his forces. Hov\beit Him:lco was lent with a 
 complete and competent army, and a greater Armado, both for the holding of Sjam in their al- 
 leageancc, and aho for their defence by Sea and Land. Who h2\ing paf.td c, erwith ail his pow- 
 er, as well for Land fervite p.s the Sea, fortified his camp, drawn his fhips sfliore, bid them up I 
 in drie Land , and empaled them (trongly all about ; himfeif in perlbn with his ele6t and molt 
 choice men oUrms . made what halt poflibly he could,through nations partly enemies, partly 
 doubtlui and untrul? y,and fiaied not either in one place or other(but evermore Itanding upon his 
 guard) unth he was come to JfcWubal. After he had declared unto him the order decreed by the 
 Senat, and vvhathe had incommiffion, and taken himielf direction likewife from him , in what 
 manner the war in 5n4w was to be managed, he returned back again ro his own camp. In which 
 voyage to and fro, he travailed fafely by no one thing m.ore thanbyfpecdyexpedition.Forhe was 
 ever gone from \ piace,before the people could agree together. and make head againlt hiru.Now 
 ^/^r.v/vi/.beiore that he dillodged and fcthis army on foot out ot thofe parts,Ieued fumsof mo- 
 ney of .vi theCitiesand Itates undci his juritdiaion : for well he knew- that yhmiiJ had paid K 
 fweedybefo.e him.forhispafl'age through certain countries: snd as well he wilt bel;des,that the 
 Gauls he was fain to wage: foramongfi them no money, no men. And if he undertook and en- 
 tred upon that ereat expedition, poor and bare of river, he had never reached fo far as the Alps. 
 Thus having in gre/t halt raiftd and colie£ted his monies he came down to the ri\ er Iherm. 
 
 When the Romansheard of ihe prnceeoings and delignments of the Carthaginians. and like- 
 wile of the journey of yJfdruh.l: both the Generals (laying all other matters apart j prepared to 
 joyn their whole forces together, to cppole themfelves /and to wiihiiand !uch intended at- 
 tempts : fnppoi'ng and conhdering, that if ylnnihaKythoh^ himfeif alone was an enemy to It.ily 
 hardly fupporrable; were once Iccondedby Coloml^j'dmbJ^.rA the Spanifli army; the Empire 
 ot Rom. would loon be at an end. Upon ihefe careful cogitations beins grieved and perplexed; l 
 they afitmbled a'ltheirpower neer to7/,fK«j ; and after [h"ey had palfedo.er the river and lon^' 
 counfailed whet;iertheyfhould encamp themfelves and abide the coming of theenem.ies to bid 
 them hartaii ; or by invading and allailing the alTociats and fubjefls of the Carthaginians, toflay 
 
 ... . , 'help ^ 
 
 ced liirnfci; .ikewilc to let !;p n another City lately yee.ded to it\c Romans, and reduced under 
 their fubjeAon, And fothe Romarjs after they had begun to lay fiege to Ibera,2^^\t over that en- 
 terprile,3nd mpdc head againl^ yi[d -h.l himfclf. AndTor fomc fevv dayes they lay incamped five 
 miles rfunderonerrom the other, not without fomelight skirmillies : but never came to pitch a xt 
 fair field. At length npon one and the fame day (as if they had been fo agreed afore) they hap- 
 nedonboch fides to fet out thefignalofbaitail. and to come forth with all their power into the 
 plasn ground, TiieR'^mans lioodarrangedin three battalions: one part of the Infantry was pla- 
 ced before the (iand vd< in the varguard.anothcrKegiment bellowed behind in the rereoaid: the 
 rren of arms fianke.; iljehde? like wings. On the other part, .'.'/^/-///'^.'Hrergthned his rnain bat- 
 tel wiih Spaniards : in the right pointhe marflialled the Carthaginians, in the left the AftVicans. 
 As forthe ai^xilii.- and mercenary Hotfemen, whom he waged and hired ; fuch as were Nnrridil 
 anSjhe ordained afronr the Carthaginians footmen.to guard them : the refi that were Airrican.' 
 he didributed and aifpofed about the skirts and edges ofthc battalions. Neither were all the 
 Numidians placed in the right flank, but fuch as after the guife and manner of Vaulters, led two vi 
 Horfe; apee.c_: and uj'ed oten times in the mids of the hotted conflid , to leap armed as they 
 were from their wearied horfe, to another frefli one. So nimble arethey themfelves, and lb tra- 
 •fiable and well taught to their hands are their Horfes, Thus ilood they arranged on both fides in 
 eider ofbattail. The Captains of either parr for hopes in manner nothing unequal: forneithet 
 in number or quality of fouldiers was there any great oddes between them : Mary, for courage 
 and h'.rt,therc vva? great difference and inequality in tl-.efouldiers themfelves. For the Romans 
 ( not '.ythftanding they fought far from houie) were !o perfwaded by their leaders, that they 
 fought (otln/r and the City ot Ro-r/ rand therefore. a., if the whole hope oftheir fafe return into 
 their country, wctf to be tried and decided in this one battail, tiey relblved either to win the day 
 ortodyefo^jr. Ontheother fide, the fouldicrs were not fo refolute,formofl of them, being Spa- 
 niards wo'ild have chofen rat her to be conquered and overcome in 5jp.!/», than with coriqueft^ 
 and viaory robe drawn into frai). And therefore atthefirlt (hock, whenfcarcely the darts and 
 javelin-- wer^r an ed and let flye , theirmain battail retreated : and lb foon as the Romans with 
 
 .sreat violer. prcdouhled the rharse, they turned their backs and fled. Howbeit in both Hanks the 
 fight WJshnrenongh.The Carthaginians ofthe one fide the Afirtcans on the other, charged the 
 Romans vcrv hard,and fought lore againft them,as i; they had them invironed round abou" with- 
 in tneir battalions. But when as the whole power of the Romans were once rallied and gathe- 
 red
 
 The three and tiventietb Boo{ ofT. Li vius. 3 po 
 
 A red together in the niids, they were ftron;^ enouj^h to remove anH let back the v<:-,ngs of the f na- 
 mies. So they ir.jintained rtijhc in two divers placesat once. But bot.iintr^e one and the other, 
 the Romans (atter they had diicomhted the main battail in the miJs^ were no doui/t, mjch bet- 
 ter, as well innumber, andalloinUtengthand vigourof men. Many a tall fi.Il;^w was: here iliin. 
 And had not the Spaniards at the fird when the bat. ail was fcarcebeL:un,n-d aaisin by hc:ps,very 
 fevV ohhe whole battail bid e.'caped and remained alive. The Hoilemcn fought little or not at all. 
 For the Moors and Numidians, loioonas they cipied thcbsccail toniankandlote^iouodjprefent- 
 ly all onaluddainflcd astaft as they coulJ, and Itltihe lidcs and llinkscf the laid battail naked, 
 driving afore them the Elephants wittial, AnJ even ^-'/'<Jr«^. /hun tU, whj r::2i!uc:ned tneskir- 
 
 g millicothe very laftjcfcaped wjihiomefewoutofchethicke!! iniliaLrcand ixecution. T. ..•Ro- 
 mans took their camp and nflcd it. This bit tsii WIS ohsjchim'jort aiJ conUquenccihat itcaufed 
 illthe Spaniards, who were before out wsvering to tutn whol yto thtllomi s.-nndltit^^fdruial 
 no hope at all, topafs w;t!i i-iiifoices \mo/ta'.;, nor I'l much -.. o make a'lodc With ''s'ety in 
 Spain. The news hereot being bruited abroad and lent to Roae. ir. ;he kttcisot ihe tivc Si [■'<'t^ 
 great joy there was , not lb much for the vitSory; as bccaufe .-ifdrnbal was tie-4 by ihs foot, and 
 Itaied tor coming into Italy. 
 
 Amidsthele exploits in Spain, * Peulia (a City of the Bra:ii havinr^endo. ej^he ii;._;_ : '. , 2- 
 ny allauk for certain moncth-.) wss hnaily won by U muco , one ;if W»K;£'.!/CiptsiriS^ But Jfiat '^'I'^pf- 
 vidjry colt the Carthaginisos much •■loud, and mmy afor; wojr.d. Noforci nor vio!e"ce r.ver- 
 
 C came the befieged Pcteliansmoif, than very iau'iie. l-o' having conlumcd and tatctiup ail food 
 I of corn, isll fielh ot four footed b:5i;s whit toe ver : tliey were driven atltn.:;thtofccd ana l;ve up- 
 on fhoomakcrs lether, weeds, and roots, tender barks of trees, and the crops of bi iers and otam- 
 bles." and tciey gave not over lb longasibey w ere ajle to ftand on their legs upon the walls, and 
 bear their armour. 
 
 ^)»»«^<i«/after the vvinn'ngof ^^.•f//,i,conduiSed his arn-y againd* 0»/>3.'/^j which being not » r^ 
 fo valiantly defended, v^as within fevVdayes ';urrendred up imu his hands. i\ecr about rheiame 
 time, a power of the Brutiins ai:o, laidfiege unto Cretan, a City built and i,ihabited by the Greeks, 
 and in times pail, mighty in men and munition .- but no-w at this time {o dilircfied wuh manifold 
 and grievous CJliniitics 3 that of all ages one witnanothrr, they were not able to make twenty 
 
 D thouiand men. And therefore no marvail, if the enemies Wtrc (oon mailers t f the City, being (o 
 dellitute as it was of Citizens to defend it. OiMy the Caille they kept ftiii, in o which there weie 
 fome that cl'caped in that tumult when the C;ty, was taken, outof tbemids of the malfacre. The 
 Locrians like wife revolted u.ito the Brutii and the Carthaginians, cy realon that the common mul- 
 titude were fraudulently betrayed by the chief and principal Citizens. The llhc^gines only of all 
 that country, continued both true unto the Romans, and alfo at their own liberty tothc veiy laft. 
 The lame difpofition to revolt, was tobefeenevenin5fC(/)', inio much as the very lioiifcofH/fr* 
 was not deer and free in all parts from rebellion. For Gf/o hiseldefl fon, having in contempt 
 both the olde age of bis fttber, and »lfo (after the overthrow at CMnaJ the fociety and friendlLip 
 of the Romans, turned unto the Carthaginians. And he had, no doubt, made a general alteration 
 
 E in J/c*/;', but that his death came between and cut him off; which hapnedio ;ump,cvtn when he 
 was arming the multitude, and (olliciiing his friends to rebellion, that his very fa:her himfelf was i 
 drawn into deep (ufpition that he took his life away. Theic were the occurrents chit fell out that 
 year with vaiiaol- event, in Italj:, jiffrtck^ Srci/j, and Spain, 
 
 in the end of the lame year, O^. Fabitis A/<!rA-/ww moved the Sfnat,8ni made rcquefl, that the 
 Templeof Venus lirjcina, which he had vowed being Di(ffatcr, might now be deoieated. And 
 the Senat made a decree. That Titus Simp-oniitf , Conlnl ektfl , Pnouid (o i'oon as he wascn- 
 tred into his ortice , propofe unto the people , that they would crtai two Duumvusfor the dedi- 
 cation of Temples. And in honour of (;/£w;A«j Lfptdtfs,V/no hid been Conlul twice, and Au- 
 gur, his thtee fons, LnciHt , Murcuj ^ and <^«/>?/».f , exhibited c;r!ain funeral games for three 
 
 pdij<es ipacfl; and a lliew in the Common place hkewifeforthrtedayes together, oftwoand 
 twenty pair of Iword-fcnlers , to fight at iliarp toihjdeath. The Curub /KiiLs, C.LtHo' 
 rius^^ndT. SemproniHS Cjracctn, now ConfulelctS, who in his cy£diieniip had been General of 
 the Horfemcn , let out the Roman games , which Were renewed and continued tlill for three 
 diycs. Like wile, ths Play cs of the Common.^, were thrice exhibited by M. ^urelms Cottayind 
 M. Claudius AUrce&us, Now after three years expired of the Punick war , 7*. Sempromusthe 
 Conful, began bis guveinmcnt upon the * Ides of March. As for the Pixtors, Q^, Fitiviw Fiac- 
 CHS, who bad afore-iime been Conlul and Cenlor, obteined by lotthe jurisdicnoncf thcCiti- **J°^'^*'-'*'' 
 zens : a.nd M. TiileriHs Cervinus, of thsltrangers and aliens. To ^ppius Claaditt' Pn/cher viiS 
 alotted the government of Stci/j .• and to Q, Adutitu ScavoLi of Sardinia. M. Marcelim was by 
 
 G the people allowed to have the authority of a Vice Conlul , in regard that he above all the Roman 
 Captains , after the defeat of Canna , msnnaged his affairs and warred prolperoufly in 
 Italy. 
 
 Now the very firfl day that the Senat was afi'embled in the Capitol , they decreed upon the 
 fir!f motion, that within the compalie of thatyear, there fnould be levied a double tax or tri- 
 bute.- and that one (ingle tribute Ihould be forthwith gathered , for prefent pay to all the fcul- 
 dierj, laving thole that lerved at C<tf«<fi. Then concerning the armies this order was fet down •• 
 Jiaprimu , tt\pxT. Stmproni^sxhiCQn'.vX^ itould appoint the two legions of Citizens a certain 
 
 Mm 3 day
 
 4O0 The three and iwentk^bBool{ofT,hWius, 
 
 day to meet at CaUs. Item , that (ix legions {hould be conduced lo the camp of Claftditu above rj 
 Saejfuhi, /fifwj that the legions which there were ^and thole confided br the mod pattchhete- 
 fidue of the Cannisn army) j^p. CLindiiu Palcker the Pretor, fiiopid put over Sea into Sictly : and 
 flsfor thole that were in 5/c//;,they fhould be tranJported to Kowe. /.vw, unto that srmy which 
 was appointed to rr.eet by a day,at Calei,jVl.CLiuditts Marcttlns w/as fent :and he was comman- 
 ded to conduct ihe legions ct the Citizens to the camp of "C/^jwiJ/w. Latlcfall, toreceiveihe 
 charge of the old army» sod to kad it jnto Sialj^ T. Adetilius Croto Lieutenant, was fent by zip. 
 Claudia. Men locked at Hrft, and ye: they faid nothing , that jhe Coniul fhouid call an sflembiy 
 for the creating ot a Colleague unto hiaj. But after that they iaw that Jf.MarctMm was lent cut 
 of the way (as it were of parpoie) whom above all others thev were detiious to be the Confulfor ; 
 that year, in regard of bis notable good Ictvicf; whiles be was Pretor, there irofe much muttering 
 intheSenathouic. Which the Ccnfui perceiving: " My LL. quotbhe , it waslor thegood cf I 
 "■ tb'j CoiTjincn- v/cahh, that both /*'/. Cl.wd:Ki Ihould go into Camp.tiv. to exchange the aTirjics : i 
 «' and alio that the Eleclion of Ccnfuls; fliould not be proclain:ed,ur!til that he were returned agaii; 
 " from thence, with diipa^ch of that buiinefs which he bad in charge : that ye might have a Con- 
 'Mul, iuch a one 35 the prel^nt condition of the State required, and yeurle'lvesnToft defired. ^o 
 there was no mere fpeechcf the eledicn, until yl/,i>c.'//«^ wss coir.e back again. Intbismcsn 
 lime were two Duumvir; created, Q, Fabitu /Ufaximts-s for the dedication of one Cbaopeltr M 
 Ver.-M Erjc'ina. and T.GElaciliMs (rrri/7'«a»of another to the Goddefs^/ewj. Beth Rand upon rbc ■ 
 Capitol hilldivided sfunderno more than u-iib oneonly ccnduft ot water pafling cetwccn. And j^ 
 asfioncivning the three hundred Cainpain Horlcmen, who had Served cut their full time cfwai- 
 tirefaitbruliy, and were come to Ronis,& motion was propounded to the peoplcjlhat they fhouid 
 be cnfrsrehifed Citizens cf Repse - and in like manner , that they fhouid be reputed as free Deni* 
 zcns cHf'.Kts . from the day afore that the Capuans revolted fi om the people of Romt: 2nd rebel- J 
 kd. Thechicfe'.t cinfeofpfopc-f-ngthi^aci, was this, becaulcihemielves denied flatly that they M 
 kneW; to whom rhey did spptrajn, feeing they had abandoned their eld native ccitnrrey .• and as I 
 j-ct were not enrolled and incotpor^lt into that ftate, unto which they had retired. After thai 
 M:iriell>i! was come snain from the army, the f&lem;:i day of eSctSicn cf a Confol sn place of />. 
 fojihfsw.iis , was publ !hcd. And wici^ exceeding great content of all men. Marceilus was cbo- 
 fen : and forthwith be was to begin his Wagifiticy. At whole htif entiar.ce, iihipned tothun- j_ 
 dsr : ard the Augurs being called to give their opinion of if, proneunced ,shat they thought he was 
 not rithtfijUy created. And the i-tnaiorsgave it cut commonly and biuited abroad, that the Gods 
 were not well pleafed therewith, became ^fcr(coth) t wo Cofl.wsie cicded cf the commonalty (s 
 thing never fecn before.) Whcrcupi^n Murcellns tdigned up his plate, and sn his room was lub- 
 ff itutcd Fub'.Ks A'fax, the third time. 
 
 Thst y esr the Sea burned. At Sintteff.i a cow brought forth a hoife fole. And at Lanuvtsm in 
 ihsTQny\e<.iItsHoHefp:ta, certain Uaiuesor icnages dropped with bloud; and accut that Tem- 
 ple it rained ff oner. For which fhowr.therc was lolemniled, according to the cufiomable manner, 
 a Novendial lacrifice. The other prodigious figns iikewiic were expiat with great care and heed- 
 ful regard. The Confuls then, parted their armies between them. Fakius took charge ofthole ^^ 
 forces which had been commanded by M. Jfiniusthc Diflator. SemircyiiHs bad theconduftof 
 all the volti.ntary (ouiditrs, and bef.des of 2jooo of Auxiliaries lent from the confederate. M^a- 
 Urins the Pretor had the !egio.';s ippointed for him, that were returned cui ct Stcil/. .M. Clatidt- 
 »/the V;ce-coniul, was lent unto that army , which lay in garilon at jVa.'..-, above iw.?//}//.*. And 
 ihe Pretcrs took their /Lunxy into StcL'y and Sardinin. The Coni'uls „ v^hsnfcever'trtey would 
 affcmblc the Senat, prcclain-ed thar tb'; Scn2tors,and ail ethers that had lawful auttority to fpeak 
 their mind md deliver tht-ir cp-rion In the Ccuncel-Hcufe, fbculd meet at the gate Captttx. The 
 PretorSj thofe that were Judges in the Court, and to whom theciviljurifdidion appertained, e- 
 rtftedttcir Tribunal Icassard places of Aflizes at the pubiick Fifn-ptol, andtbithtr thty com- 
 Dnanded all wrifs to be returned, and apparencs the; e to ce made.. And for that year all oleas and J^j 
 judgements cfcaufcs pafled there. 
 
 In this mean tiii^e news cacr.c to Carth>!ge ffrom whence AUgo the brother of r'ny.ihj was 
 cnsrded tctranfpoit and let over into /;<:/; 12000 footmen, and 1500 horfemen:ao ElepbantSjand 
 1000 talents cflilvcr, togettei wjthaguard and !upply of fiogailici) That in ^;<3.« things went 
 untowsrdly •• and th.!f all the Cities of jpatn (in a m.anner)wcre revolted unto the Romans. Som« 
 there were of opinion, to withdraw A<l,igo v/itu that fleet and power cf bis, from theenterprife 
 of Italy into Spatn, Con.^dering there was good hope Ihewed of a fuddaifi, recover again Sardi' 
 fiia, for that there was but a fmal! power of Romans there ; and Cormlitu the old Lord Deputy, 
 Well acquainted with the Stated the Province, was now upon his departure from thence, and a 
 newtxptd^edinhisturn. Operand bclidcs, that the Sardinians wcie wetry already eftlieRo- q 
 mani eovernmenr, w hich ihey had fo long endured, as vvho the year that pait was, had tyrsnnilcd 
 over them ciucUy, and cxercifed their authority withoppicflien, covetoufly impcfingupontbeot 
 hard cX3clions and t; ituts, and levying of them a mcft unjuft taxation and contribution of corn : 
 End finally ffcey war.ted nothing but an ht^d, upon whom they might tcliethtmfelves. To this 
 effta there was an Embafiagc lent iectctiy from the Lords and Princes of the Jfland. And the 
 prircfpsi ador and procurer htrcof, was Herftctra, a man in tfeolVdaycs ofgreatcft authority and 
 power smct-gthtm. Upon thtle tidings alorclaid, hapnirg I'ojull at one time, thty were both 
 
 dif-
 
 Th2 three and wentteth Bool\ofT. Livi us. aqi 
 
 A difquieted aiid alfo rcfrefbtd. So they km Mago with his fleet, and other forces into S/>rf<» .- snd 
 they cholc for the txpedition into Sardinm, u^fdrttl'aliatvsmei Calvtu^iox the L.General,rurni!'h- 
 edandappoinicd with as great a power slmolt, i<iMago\\\^. 
 
 At Kom! like wife, the Confuls having difpatched the iftiirs of the City,addrefld themfclves fo 
 the war. T. Semfromtis appointed Sinttcjjit to be the Rendex.'iiaus y where the fouldiers fhould 
 meet at a certain day. And O.F.ibiKt, by an order and direftjon from the Sonat, midean Eiiiit, 
 That all iiicnfljouldDeforetbeiirit diyoUn.'y utxr cn;uing , ga: her til their corn oat of the coun- 
 tries, and convey the faille into the principil walled flrong Towns : p:ochimin{; tbat wholocvec 
 did not accordingly, their fields he would Isy wait ; {cllt^e!r lervants in port lale at the fp:ar,an4 
 E let ilieir tairnsand villages a fire. Nyt lb much as the Pietur. mcmtcivts (created (or ci'.il jurildi- 
 flion and to decide hiv matters) were freed and exempted trom checor.duft ot wir. As for 
 Valcitks the Pfctor , h^ was appointed to 'jp into Aipiit.i , tor to receive the army vi Terentius : 
 aud whtnthc legions were returned out oi Stcdj, toi.iploy thtiwel'ptoaljy lor the guard snd de- 
 fence ot that country ; and thit the army of 7 ncmiHs I'hcald be lent with iutne one or the Lieute- 
 nants. And A'/. r<?/.'n«j hid 25 liilalbwedh.m, to k.ipand c;ei'enj all the Sea coafts between 
 ' Hrnndu(inrK, and ' Tarentum. The like number o) fliips w as affi >ned to O.FulztHs the City Pre- * EnWi/. 
 tor.fortogustd the River Tide, neer adjo/ninc; to the L:i;y ot Rome, C. ToiKiiunh^ Proconlul ''^ii'"^>'io. 
 had in charge to tike up by commillion Ibuldters in theJPiCene country, and to guard thole quat- 
 tcis. And 7'. Oiittcthfis Craffus-, after that he had dedicated the Temple ol- Mens in the Capitol, 
 C was lent into 5/o7^, as Lord Admiral of the Artnsdo there. 
 
 Upon this war between two ot the niightiefl Cities, and modpu'lTintflates ot the World, 
 there was not a King and Prince.nOjnor a Nation under Heaven, but was amuled. An.ong whom 
 I htlip King ot the Macedonians, had an eye thereto, and was more intentivejin that he was reerer 
 unto ^tal), and only divided from thence by the Jonian Sea. He at the fiilt, when the bruit came 
 re hi;, tars, That ^i«»<^.</ was paflcd beyond ibe Alps : as he joyed (iiucb,th3c there wai war kind- 
 led between the Romans and clie Carthaginians, lo, as long as it was uncertarn, whether nst.on 
 was thefttonger, he wavered in mind and was in fulpencc, whether ot the twain he (hould wifli 
 to have the vidory , But after that he heard one- that in three leveral battaih one after ar.other, 
 yiiifiifial and theCaithaginisnshad gj)tten ihe better hand, heencliiied tothetortunat fide, and 
 £) knt Embaflxdors nnlo Anmbal: who falling off, and delirous to avoid the Havens of ^r»»i-'/j«<w 
 and y'^ircwrwWjWhichwereguardcdand kept by the Romans fieet.ariivtd and Unded at tbL- Tem- 
 ple of y«w /-.i^aM: and fo through /^;>k/m , travailing toward C<j;!«,'», chanced to l![;ht upon the 
 raids of the Pwomans corps dz^uard, and were brought bt^ftke M. f^a'eriits levincsihc Lord De- 
 puty, being thenencimp:d before Nuccrta, Where X:«opb .w/, the prmcipalotihe Embafla- 
 dors, baflicd not to lay, Ihat he was fent fiom King Pbiltp, to tieat and conclude a league and ami- 
 ty with the people of iJcwf, and hadcoinmiflionanddircftionto theConiuls, to theSenat like- 
 wife and pecple of Rowe,^ox\i^\. (flcA. K(iA'r/«/taking great contentment to hear of this new fo- 
 ciety and fricndlTiip with fo noble a King, eipecisUy upon tfce rebellion of fo many old allieSjCour- 
 tcoufly intreatcdand friendly entertained this falfi hearted enemy, in fltadcfatriiUy friend .'and 
 £ appoinjcddiverie to accompany himfovwaid, to guide him carefully in the v/iyts, andtofhew 
 hiin what places, what psflages and (treigbts were field and kept , either by the P.cmans, or the 
 enemies. XenophaKcs witti tticfe inlUu.'tiJns'paned throui^h the inid!l: of the Roman guards 
 into C/tmpMiiit, and (o the next way arrived at the camp 6VAnyi:i''a[, and miJc a ler.gus and amity 
 with him, under thcfc conditions and capitulations. "Jrn'xir'mU., That King P/3,-//j?flnu-id witha 
 . right paifl'snt Armada (for ihst he was iuppt>led ablg^o fee out 200 fni) pifs over into /f.-:^7, waft 
 and fpoil ailtheSea coalts, and to his powerinaintain war by Sea and Laa.l /rrw.That when the 
 war was fiaiftied, all /m//, together with the ve-y City of R'm: il-ioald be poUefled by the Car- 
 thaginians wAyiKnibaly snd unto him all the pillji'.e aird booty like wile fhvald belong. Item, 
 Wtien /m/j. was thus f'jbdntdjthit they fliould ls:l in:o G -etKCjln j vvace -.var with wast Princes 
 p there they plcxled , and th.it all the Cities o.' the main , ani ihs Ifli-.di wjci Uy to M.scedonyj 
 lliould fall unto P!?ilip, and be annexed to hii Kin^do\ne. In thcie terais^a-.id upon thelc Articles, 
 HI -manner, was the leagueconcluded and coniirmtd between theGenetal Anmbaly and the Em- 
 bafladorsofthe Macedonians.- and with them were lent back untb th; Kingforthebettcr tatify- 
 ing of the laid covenants, cei tain Lcgars, to ^'n-,Gilgo, Bcfiar, znd Maio, who arrived together 
 at the fame Temple atoreiaid.ot/swe Licmia, where there rid clofely a iTiip at anchor, exptding 
 tbeirreturti. V-ioni whencebeing departed, they werenot (0 loonTsnchedcut into the deep, and 
 had taken the open Sea,biit they were defcried by the Roatan fleet that guarded the coilh oiCa- 
 Ubria. O. FhIvihs FlaccHs made out cerMin Corcyieanj, to ptstltieand fetchfn that Hiip. Where* 
 upon, the Maccdoniansbcgan to (lie, but feeing themlelves ovcririatched in Iwittnelscf (ail , aiid 
 (^ not able to make way with them, they yeeldedthemfelves unto the Romans, and were prelented 
 unto the Admiral ; Who demanded wlat thty were, from whence they csim, and whither they 
 were bound.- .I'cmphaHes who had already Ipcd fo well by making of a lye, began to cog again, 
 and fay, That he was feat I romP/;;//'/? unto the Romans: that hecamcunto^.r-«/rfr«K/,becaufeto 
 him only he was able to pais in fafcty.but could not pclTibiy i^ct beyond (^.^.mfa-jia,bdug (offrong- 
 ly kept withgatilons of the enemies. Bnt afterwards, uj^n the fight of the Carthaginian habit 
 and apparel, they began to (ulpedl the Embafl'adors oi Amibai : and they being quetlioned withtl, 
 their fpeech and language bewrayed theni. Then was their retinue taken apart, and threatned to 
 
 con-
 
 40 2. The three and Wentieth BooJ\ofT. Li vias. 
 
 confefs. Letters alio were found upon them, fent from Aumbalavxo P^/Zz/jConcerningthc peace ^ 
 between the King'of the Micedonians and Amihal. Upon thefe matters tfaps detededand 
 certainly kno-vn , it was thought good to convey the Embafiadors and" thiir Company with 
 allfpeedpriloners to ^o«tf, unto the Senat there , or unto the Con!u!s whereioever they were. 
 To thispurpolc were chofen five Finnalles that were moftl'witt , updcr theconduftcf L. Fole- 
 riHi Ar.tiOJ y who had his direSion and charge to part the! e EmbalTadors in feveral fhips , and 
 keep them lure alundcc •• and to take good heed, that they neither talked nor conferred toge- 
 ther. 
 
 About the fame time it hapned at Rome^thu -<4». Cor»f//»« yl/<»>»»wa/.^, upon his departure cut » 
 of the Province 6'ar<^/»/<», made report in what (late the Ilsnd Itood ; namelyjthat they all ei dined 
 to rebellion and war s thatM«f/«« who i'ucceedcd after him, prel'cntly upon his fitft coming, by 
 real'on of the ill air and unwhollbm water, was fallen into a fickneis, not lo quick and dangerous, 
 as chronick and tedinub., and would not be able long to endure the Ictvice of war ; that the army 
 there ■, as it was iufficicnt to guard and keep in good order a quiet and peaceable Province, lb it 
 could not bold out v;ith the war that was like 10 enfue. WhereupotithcLL. of the Scnat gave or- 
 der, i\iixQ_.Fnlvt!i6rlaccm, rtiould levy and enrol 5000 foot, and 400 horfe, snd provide that this 
 legion fbould pals over wich all fpeed into Sardt»/a: and (end therewith whom it pltaled him to 
 condudl and manage the war umi\M::ifUi were recovered of bisdifeaie. l^or this intert was T. 
 ManliKs Torcjttatm lent Governour ; one , who had been t:wice Conlul and Cenlor , and in bis ^. 
 Confulfhip and lubdued the Sardinians. 
 
 Necf about the fame time , there was an Armado lent out from Carthage unto SardiKia, under 
 the leading of Afdrubd tutnamed C«lvu6.7.nA being fore tofied and fatsten with tempcfls-.was caft 
 upon the Bslear Hands : where(fo far out of oidcr was notonly the (hip-tackling, but alio the very 
 keels and bodies of the fhips lolhaken) they drew upthe Qiipstofhore, and whiles they ftayed 
 there about calking and rtimming them again, they (ptnt much tim.e. 
 
 In /r«/r whiles The W3[S began to flake anJ wax cold by lealon that after thcbattaiicf C<!««<«, 
 the ftrength of the one part was much aoatcd, andth-iir force decaycdjand thecoiitage of the o- 
 ther,well allayed and maoe effeminat : ihe Campsins upon their own he<ds began to contrive^how 
 to reduce the State of Cttmes under thcjr obedience , hrl't loUiciting them to revolc from the Ro- 
 mans .• and feeing that courle would not ipeed and take tf^cdt, they deviled by a fraudulent pta- ^ 
 dile to compal's and entrap them. The Campms ule yeciiy toiolemnife a let fcalf and lacrifice 
 inacertain place called Hama,'. and they gave notice unto the Cumans , that the whole Senator 
 Cafua would retort thither : requefting tbe Senat of Cumes iikcwileto meet them there , for to 
 confer and conlult together in common, how both Cities, the one and the other, niight have the 
 lame friends and the fame enemies, and no other .• giving them withal to underftand, that they 
 mindedthere to have a good guard about them of armed men, for fear of tome fodain and danger- 
 ous attempt from the Romans. The Cumans, albeit they fulpcded iome treachery, denied no- 
 thing, fuppofingthereby t6 colour anc cover their own crafty intetideddefignment. Now all this 
 while , T. Sen.proniHi the Roman Conful , having lurve',cd and parged bis army at SifitieJJ'a , at 
 which place he had made proclamation, that his forces lliould n tet together: pafl'ed over the ti-j^j 
 ytrVnltttrnK4, and encamped x\^ci \xciio Linternum : where becaufe the Souldiers in the ftanding 
 camp had nothing elfc to do, he txercifed them to run often the race and skirmilh inatay, to the 
 end that the raw Souldjers (for fuch were the voluntaries for the moft part jmigh: by ule and pra- 
 Sife learn how to follow their colours in good order, and in the time of battail know their own 
 ranks and enfigns. In thefe kinds of training, the fpccial care that the General had, and tbe on- 
 ly thing that he aimed at, v^as theit concord and good agreea;ent. And for this piirpole, he char- 
 ged tbe Lieutenants, and the Colonels and Captains, that they fiiould not call in any mans teeth 
 one or ether, their fortune and condition atoretin.e, thereby to breed any difcord and htartburnng 
 among the companies : and that the old experienced fcuidiers fliould fiifier themlelv es to be but 
 equal in ellatetothe new learners: and thoie that were born free unto the voluntaries , whohsd ]sf 
 been [laves: reputing them all of buth good enough, and of gentle blouddcfcendcd, unto whom 
 the people of Rome had voucbiated to commit their armor and eniigns : isving, that the lame 
 fortune which bad driven them lo to do , forced them like wife to mainrain the lame, and make 
 the bell of it, now it was done. The Captains were not more careful in giving theie good kf- 
 fons and inthudions, buttbelouldiers were as diligent to obfcrve tbe fame.- and within a while 
 their hearts and afFedionsgrew to be (o linked and united together, that they fcrgat generally, in 
 what degree and of what condition each fouldicr cntred into icrvice. Whiles Gracch-M was bu- 
 ficd hereabout, the EmbalTadots of C»wfJ certified him, what kind ofEmbaffage came unto them 
 from the Campans, a few day es before , and what aniwcr they had retarneni: advcttiiinghim 
 that their feftival day wastobe holden three dayes after: that not only the whole Senat would 
 be prelent, but alio the camp and army of the Campans. <yV<?«^/«h3vingcemmanded theCu- 
 manes to convey all that they had out of the fields and territories about, intotbeu City, and thcm- 
 lelves to keep within their walls : bimtelf the day before the iolemnit y aforefaid of the Campans, 
 removed his power to ^umes^ and there incampcd. Now Hawa. is 'hree miles off from 
 thence. The Campans by this time were afltmbled there in great number j according to ap- 
 pointment: and not far from the place, "^Untu ^//?«» the chief head Magiftrat of CApua, was 
 incamped clofely withtcuiteL-n tboufand fo^ldicrs. He, what with preparation cfthc (acrifice, 
 
 and
 
 The three and twentieth Boo\ofT, Livius. aqo 
 
 l^ and confrlving withiS, the deceitful train of treachery, was mnre faafy and careful thereabout, 
 than either in fortifying his ciuap, or in any other military adion. Thus for three dayes continued 
 j this fellival fscrifice at Hawx. And ever in the night leafon it was performed .• fo, as before 
 midnight all was done and finifhed, Gracchui fuppoiing that a good time for his ambofn to be 
 employed , having fat certain waciiers before the gates, that no man might go forth to give in- 
 ; telligcncejCaufed the fouldiers betwixt thifixt and tenth hour oftheday, |from noon untilfoar 
 j of the clock] to refreili themfelves and take their fleep : that in the beginning of the dnk iiight, 
 I tbcy might afkm )le togather at the watch -word or fignal given them. And about the rirlt watch 
 ' he commanded to difplay their Epfigns and advance forward; and thus with a ftill march, hear- 
 B rivedat ///«.>»<« by midnight; iutprUed the hold ofthe Campans,and entred all thegatesatonce, 
 being negligently guarded, by reafon of their overwatching. Some he killed lying along faft 
 afleep: others, as they returned unarmed from the facrifice. In thisnighi-tumultthere were 
 flainmore than two thoufand , with Manu^ ^Ifim himfeit their leader.- and 43 Enligns taken 
 and carried away. Gracchits with the lode of fewer than one faundrtd of his iouldiers, having 
 won the camp, retire^ fpeedily to C:fmei , forfearof /4«)?.'^j/, who lay in fort encamped upon 
 Tifata o\etCapfta. And ('as he was a provident man and of great foteca(t) nothing was he de- 
 ceived in his opinion. For (o ioon as this defeat was reported at Capua , Amibal luppofing tha& 
 be fiiould at fAw-e firvd theatmy ofthe Romms ( confillingfor the molt part of raw fouldiers, 
 and thole, bondrtives^ jocund and lufty above nieafure, and inlolent upon thsirfrcOi vidory, bufie 
 C in rifling their dead enemies thus conquered, driving away booties, and charged with pillage; re- 
 moved his forces in hair , and marched apace beneajb C'*?'** '• and encountred with fome of the 
 Campans that were fled , whom he cau;ed between two guards to be conduced fafe to C<«/)«<i, 
 ^ and <uch as were hurt and wounded, to be .et in waggons a.id carried thither. Himfelf found at 
 ; Ham<e. the camp cznpty and void of enemics.snd nothing there but the tokens of a freili maflacre, 
 \ and the dead bodies of his friends and allies lying here and there '.'cattercd. J.omethere wercthat 
 ; advifed himpre.intly toadvance forward to C«w<rf, and to aflault the Town, And alHejt ^»»/- 
 bal was willing enough thereto, and palling dehrous ( ieeing h.' could not come oy Naples ) to 
 haveCww^/atleaft, amaritime poit-Town,^ as wcilas the othtr; yet oecaule his louldiers had 
 brought nothing with rbem but their weapons, as ociny kd forth to march m fuch hak, be retired 
 D back again to his fore and camp upon Tifaia, From whence, at the impoituriat prayers of the 
 Campans, the day following he furnifhed himlcit with all the Ordinance and Enfigus meet for 
 the aflaultof aCicy, and returned toward C«swv"j ; and hiving waited the territoi7 thereof , he 
 emcaiiiped himfcU a mile from the Town. Then Gracchus , more forfliame , that he might not 
 leem to leave his affociaies lu luch necelTity , ( who craved protedion and recommended them- 
 felves to him, and to the people of Rome) than for any confidence and tiull that he repoled in 
 the ftrengtb of his army , ftiyed in Cnmes. Neither Fahiw the other Conful , who was en- 
 camped at Calls, durit it nts army over the River Valtumtts : as having beenbufied lirltat 
 Rontt in renewing the Auspices and bird.fiigbts .• and after that, troubled a.fo about the fearful 
 prodigioiis figns which were reported one after another. And when he (ought expiation there- 
 E oniy lacrihce> , toe Sooth-tavcrs made anlwcr and faid , That they could not perceive that the 
 Gods were appealed and pacified for all that he did. Thus whiles Fabins upon thele occahons 
 vvas kept oick, S'-rwpro/j*^/ was bcfieged, yea, and by this time affiultcd, with faoricks and en- 
 gias of battery. One mighty great To wre of wood there was ereded agiinlt the Town. Againft 
 which , the Roman Conliil railed another from the very wall tome ..-hat higher than it: foe 
 that he u!ed the wall ('which of it lelf was of good heightj in ftead ofa ground-work, and plan- 
 ted thereon ftrong polls and piles cf timber to bear up the forefaid frame. From thence , st firft 
 the louldiers within, defended the Town and Walls vvithftoncs , with long poles and perches 
 aiid other lotiruments to lance sgainlt the aflailants. But at length feeing the other turret co- 
 ming forwa devenclofe to the Town wall , they Hung thereon at once much firework , and 
 pbutniDg mit:er : at which fires the multitude of armed men tor fear leapt headlong down the tur- 
 ret .• and withal , they of the Town iflued out at two gates at once , difcomntcd the guards of 
 the enemies, and drave them into their camp .■ fo as that day Anmbd was more like one befieged 
 bim.elf, than laying fiege unto others. There were of Carthaginians llsin about fourteen hun- 
 dred ; f^rcy wanting one were taken priloners alive , (uch as about i he walls and their ^or/)j<^ff 
 gHnrdviQai carelels and negligent , fearing nothing lelTethan a (ally out of the Town , and were 
 luddainly at unwares taken and iutpriled. Gracchus founded the retreat , and caufed his men 
 to retire within the Walls , before the enemies after their luddain fiigh could be rallied toge- 
 ther. The morrow after, Annihal ( luppofing that the Conful in his ruff for this happy hand, 
 would come into the field to fight a le: battail) arranged himtelf in array between dis Camp 
 Q and Cumes. But after that, he faw no ftirring at ail from the ufual guard and defence of the City, 
 and Rothing put to the ra(h hazaid of doubtful hope, he retired to Tifata, without any good at all 
 done. 
 
 At the very fame time that the hegewas raifed before (f«i»« , Tms Sempyonittsiatmmed 
 Longtu, fought fortunatly inZ,«c4«/<tbctoteC7r«OT*»r«.!», with //..v)»<; the Carthaginian: flew, 
 more than two thoufand of his enemies, loltbimiclftwo hundred and eighty men, and went 
 away wita 41 enilgns. //.?»;83 thus driven out of the confines of Z,«<:,i;;<(i, retired himfelf back 
 into the country of the Brutii .• And M. Faienta the Pretor, recovered by force from the Hir-
 
 404 ^^^ t^^^^ andtxpentietb Boo\ofTXA\vas. 
 
 pins, three Towns that had revolted from the Romans, rercelhu, and SiciUm the movers and u 
 Captains of that Rebellion were cut (horter by the head. More than one thoufand captives were 
 fold at thefpearinport-fale, to who that would bid moft. All the pillage bef.des was "ivcn to 
 the fouldiers, and the army brought back to Cumes. ° 
 
 Whiles thele things hapned in the Countries of the Lucans and Hirpins, thofe 5 (hips above- 
 faid (wherein were embarked the Embafladors of the Macedonians and Carthaginians as pri- 
 fonerj having fet a compafs from the upper Adriatick Sea unto :he nether Sea of fufcan, round 
 about (in a manner) all the Sea aoiik oi It aly, hapned to fail along neer the City of ra»?w : and ^ 
 being not certainly known whether they were f liends or enemies , GraccloHs put forth out of his "^ 
 fleet two Pinaces to encounter them. When as by demanding and queflioning one with another, I 
 it was once certifiedunto them, that the Conful was within Cumes, and the°fliips there arrived 
 in the haven, the prifoners were brought to the prelence of the Conful , and all the letters deli- 
 vered. The Conful afterhehadread over the letters, both oi Philip sad Anmhal, fealedthem 
 up Pgain fure, and fent them by Land unto the Senac of Rom-) but commanded the Embafladots 
 themfelves to be condufted thither by Sea. When as both letters, andaUb the Embafladorj 
 were arrived at ^9Wf, inamanner, allinoneday, and that (after due examination) words and 
 writings agreed together in one : at thefirfl the LL. of the Senat werepenfive and plunged deep- 
 ly into cares , conlidering in how great danger they Hood of a new Macedonian war, \vho were 
 hardly able to endure the Carthaginian. But in conclufion , fo far were they oflF from being 
 utterly difmayed hereat, and linking under the water, that forthwith they began to treat and de- K 
 bate, how they might begin themfelves to war with thefe enemies firif , and fo ftop them from 
 their entrance into na/y. The captive Emb^ffadors they laid up fait in irons : their train and re- 
 tinue were fold in open market : and belides the five and twenty fhips, whereot\Q.F«/". *« F/ac- 
 f«/ was Admiral, they cook order for twenty more to be rigged and decked : which being pro- 
 vided ;furniflied and fliot into the pool afloat, together with thofe five barks wherein the pri lo- 
 ners wereconduded : there were 50 fail in all, t1iat loofed from Oft.a and arrived at T^^rer.t/Dv. 
 Qitb:ts'.s Fulvtiis had commiflion to embark the fouldiers of Varro-, who had been under the lea- 
 ding ot£-. ^fufliwihe. Lieutenant at Tarentum^ with bis fleet of fifty f.al , not only to dc.end 
 the Sea-coah of/r^Y;, but alio to hearken and have an eye after the Macedonian wnr: ond in 
 cafe he could learn^ that the defignmenc and intent of Phidp was futable to thofe letters and in- L 
 formations of the Embafladors , thenhefhouldby his letters lertifie M. r.:/^r/«^rhe Pretor To 
 much ; and that leaving with L, Avufiw his Lieutenant the charge of the army, he fhould go to 
 the Armado at TaycMum , and with all fpeed polTible itx. over into MacedoKy, and there endea- 
 vour to keep Phil:j)\>\i<j at home within his own realm. As for that money which was fent unto 1 
 ylppiHs Claudius into S/alr for to re repayed unto King Hierok was appointed unto him for the ,' 
 maintenanceofhis Armado, and managing of the Macedonian war. Thismony wasbyL.^;p«- 
 ■Much»bout /"'■' f.^^ L'eutenant brought to r.^r^m^w, and with it, there were fent from //wo * 200000 
 Soooqusrter Modiiof wheat ard 1 00000 of barley. 
 
 ofLoodon WhilesthefeprepararionsanddoingspafledacS^w^, one fliip of thofe prifoners which were 
 
 mcifure. fent to JioK>.., thjnced to lingle it lelf from the other , and to efcape away to Phiifp : whereby MS 
 
 be was advertiled, th-t the Embafladors or Commiflioners were taken, and the letters irtercep- 
 ted. But he not knowing what covenants had paired between y^»«;Wand his legats, and what 
 anfwer they fliould ha>e brought unto him, fent forth another embaflage with the fame com- 
 miffion. The Embafladors fent unto An»!hd, were Heradnus furnamed Scotims-, Cicero oiBe- 
 rea, 5t\dS' fi'hcu'of AL^.anefi.-.. Thefe Went to and fro between in fafety, thefecaried and reca- 
 ried their errnnds fonunatly. But the fummer was come and gone, before the King could enter 
 into adion, or execureany enteiprife. Of fo great moment and importance was the boording of 
 that oneiliip atthefirH withthe Embafladors, for the deferring ofthat imminent war intended 
 againft the Romans. 
 
 _ When F^^,;..rhad paffed over the River r«/r«;««/, after theexpiationat Icngthof theprodi- N 
 
 gipus tokens aforefaid , both Conluls together made war about C^tpaa. f.t;^;«^by afl'auit won 
 
 thele Cities, Cv»;/«//£'r;.t, Tr duU-, and Aufiicula-, which had revoked unto the Carthaginians : 
 
 and within them he furprifed the garifon fouldiers of y7;;«;^^/. Manyof theCampanslikewife 
 
 were taken priioners. At AV.i (like as in the year before) theSenat held with the Romans, but 
 
 the Commonalty took p.irt with Anmbd ^ and plotted lecietly , how to murder the Nobility, 
 
 and tp betray the City. But to flop the proceedings ofthefemifchievous delignments, Ftihius 
 
 led hisarmy between C<;;, y^ , and the camp of A»nibal w^ors the hill * Tifata , and fortified him- 
 
 *^mtdi felfupon the mountain * Ffnvns, inthatfort where C/.<W//« had encamped before. From 
 
 *Mmt di thfn'-ebefent.l/. .^/.ir^fcthe Vice-Conful with thofe forces which he had, into AV^, there 
 
 somma. to lie mganfon. ^ 
 
 Likewil'e in Sardi>:i^, T. ALmlins the L. Deputy, began to adminifier thofe affairs, which had 
 
 beenfcrelet. by occafion that ^ /i/«f,»/ the Pretor was fallen fick, and lay of a long and ling- 
 
 rino dtiea'e. Manlins after he had drawn the Gallies afhore ztCardeis^ and put the mariners 
 
 androwersm ams for L.ind-fervice, and received of che Pretor his army , was abletomake 
 
 "■ •^-~'" ^'ooctoor and I :oohorfe. With this power of men of arms and footmen together, he entred 
 
 into rhe enemies countrey, and not far from the camp of Hfr/^cor^, pitched his tents. Herf,cor.% 
 
 himfelf was by chance gone then, into the country of the Pellidians (a people ol 5<?r<//««) to 
 
 arm-
 
 The three and twentieth Boo\ ofT, Livius. 405 
 
 ^ armche youch there, for che mending ot his ftrength ; acd left; his fon named ////y?.7j-,Ruler over 
 the camp in che mean cime. He a kilty hoc youth, ralTilyjoyred battail, and quickly was <lif- 
 tomfited and put to flight : thirty thouland Sardinians in that field were ilain , and upon 1 030 
 taken prilbners alive, 1 he relt of the army firft fled flragling alunder over the fields and through 
 the woods ; but afterwardsjhearingby the voytethat wentjhow their captain was fled to ' Cor- * corncio. 
 mu the head City of that region, they retired thither alfo. And furely they had in that one bat- 
 tail, made an end of all war in Sardinia; but that the Artnado o\ Cankage., undcrthe leadin" of 
 yifdrtfl/.-j/ (which by lempei^ had been ca(t npon the Balearc Iflands^ came in time to entertain 
 the Iflanders, in hope to rebel. M.nil:ii.r, after it was noifed abroad) that the Carthaginian fleet 
 
 g was arrivedjrecired himfcll to dtralen : which gave TIerficora good opportunity and overture to 
 joyn wiih Afdmbal. Who having landed his fouldiers- ard fcnc the ihips back again unto Car- 
 thaje; went torwaid by the guidance of He^Jicara,:obhiv\g and fpoiling t lie'Lands ot the Roman 
 confederats: and hadcomeasfaras Czr^/r/'r , buc that ^.j«/(A^;witli an army encountred him 
 upon the way , and reflrained him from fo laviQi over-running .ind robbing the countrcy, Ac 
 the flrflthey encamped one againft the oihernotfar afunder: afterwards, tney be^an to put out 
 certain bands and companies, and to maintain light skirraifl^es with variable event, until at lafl: 
 they pitched a fee he'.d and in full bactail fought for the fpacc of 4 honrs. The Carthaginians held 
 out confliilagood while, and the viflory flill remained doubtful (for the Sardinians were ever 
 ufed to have the foil) but at laft , feeing every quarter full of the Sardinians either lying along 
 
 C dead, or running a way, ihey alfo were discomfited : and as they turned their backs and were a- 
 bout to flie, the Romans wheeled about with that wing, wherewith they had defeated the Sar- 
 dinians , and en.iofed them round , and fo they fell rather to killing than fighting any longer, 
 12000 enemies were there llain of Sardinians and Carthaginians togeilier, about 3700 were 
 iakenpriibners,and 27 military enhgns won. This was a noble and famous battail, memorable 
 efpecially above a!i, for taking of thefe prifoners ; namely, Afdrtib.-.hhz L. General, Hanmznd 
 Ai^gO; two noble men of Cvrthage. Ma]o was ot the Barchine hoiU'e, neer of kin and in bloud 
 to Anmbeil. H.ir.no was the fo.licitor of the Sardinians to rebellion, and no doubt the principal 
 Author of that war. Neither was this held 'els famous for the overthrow of che chief comman- 
 ders of the Sardinians : for both Hiofim the ion of llcrficorA was flain in fight : and alfo Hcrficora 
 
 P himfelf, as he fled with a few Horfemen, hearing bel'.des other calamities and lotles, of the death 
 cfhis ion, in the night feal"on,becaure he would have no man come bctvveen tolTay hispurpofed 
 intent, killed himfelf. All the reflefcaped totheCity *r(»;-A'«x,asthey had done afore, and there "Corneidi 
 as in a place of refuge fought to favethemfclves. But J</iu7/«j-;ollovving the train of his victory, 
 came againft it, and within few dayes was mafler otic. After this, other Cities alio which had 
 revoked) and turned to Herftcom and the Carthaginiansrgave holbges, and yeeldcdby compo- 
 fition. And when ManLus had levied of them certain money for the fouldiers pay and corn like- 
 wife , according to the power and ability or irefpals cfieach of them , he led his army back to 
 Cardeis : and there having put theCallies on the water, and embarked the fouldiers that he had 
 brought vvith him, he failed toRome. and recounted unr<jthe LL. of the Sen it the utter fubduinc^ 
 
 E of S.rrdima. The money he delivered to the Tieafurers, che corn to the .'Ediles, and theprifoners 
 unto F;:lv!us the Pretor. 
 
 Much about that time, T.OElacilitis the Pretor, having failed from LHybaum into Affrick.and 
 wafled theterritory of theCarthaginian^, ashe wasbound fromthenceand fee fail for Sardinia, 
 whither y^/t^r«^rf/as thenevvs went had lately croU'ed over from the Bjlcare-llands,hemec with 
 the Armado returning back into Affrick : and after a skirmifli made upon the Sea by his fouldiers 
 lightly armed, betook therewith feven Gallies with their oars ard mariner-;; the refl for fear 
 were icattered, as it had been with a tempel}-, all over theSea. And it hapned about the fame 
 time, that Bomtlcvr with certain ■ ompanies of fouldiers fent from C^-tb-'ge for a fupply and for-' 
 ly Elephants, and good (lore of victuals came to Lac/-/. Forthefurprifngand letting upon him on 
 
 j: afudden, v^p. r/*««^/«/ leading his army in half, and marching to Meffura under a colour of vifit- 
 ing the Province,puc over to Locris with the tide. Now was Bom. lea- pafTtd already from thencd 
 into the Brutians country to Hmho , and the men of Locris fhut the gates againfl the Rom^ins. 
 So .4 p/)iw, after much ado and preparation, having eftecSled nothing, returned back to Mejfana. 
 In the famefummer, UHarcetlmm^de miaywde^nom Noia (which he held with agarrifon) 
 into the Hirpins country, and the Samnics, about Candinm-, and made luch waft there, with fire 
 and 1 word , that they in Samnium called into their frcfh remembrance the old lofles and over- 
 throws which they had received : whereupon there were fent immediately from both nations 
 Embafladors together, unto Anmbd , who in this wife delivered their fpeech unto him. " We The Oration 
 '' have been enemies, O A»mbalx.o che people of j^owf, firfl ofour own felves, and in our own "^ 'he Etr.baf. 
 
 Q '■ quarrel,fo long as our armor & forces were able to defend us:but after that our hope therein be- uf*^'? ^'^ ''^ 
 " gan to fail us, we drew to a fide, and took part with King Pyrrhus. And when he forfook us SamniEs unto 
 " once,we accepted of peace for very necelfity: wherein we continued for fifty years almoftvCven Annibtl, 
 " until the time thatyoucntred into/f.'//. Neither was it your prowefsivercue and fortune, ra- 
 "ther than your fingular courtefy and benignity extended toward our country- men and fellow 
 '• Citizens (whom being taken prifoners , you releafed and fent unto us back again^ which hath 
 "■caufed us to entertain your amity : in fo much-,that lo long as you remain our friend, alive and 
 "fate, we would not ftand in dread ofchepeopleof fowf5no,nor of the very Gods themfelves(if 
 
 "is
 
 ^o6 ^be three and twentieth Boo^o/T.Livius. 
 
 " it be lawful fo to fay) were they never fo angry againft us. Hovvbeit affuredly, for this lumm«r H 
 *' feafoPjWe have been divers and fundry times lo Ipoilcd and wafted, not only whi!esyou are a- 
 •' live and fafe, but aHo f which is more) prefent in placci where you might both hear, in manner, 
 '' the wa ling and weeping of our wives and children, and alfo fee our houles on a light fire : So it 
 " feemeth it was M.MarceUu! and not ^^.ttmbjAh^x. bad the viif^ory at CanvA. And the Romans 
 " bosft and (ay ,. That you are good at the fitft pufti only, and when you have once let file and lan- 
 •* ccd the Javelin (as it were) out of your hands, you are clean done, and can abide no longer. We 
 " warred almoft an hundred years with the people oi Ror»e , without help either oftbreinCap- 
 «' tain, orarmy of ft'angers: fave that for two years only , PjrrLtts withthcaidofourfouldiers, 
 '' rather increafed hisown{licngtb,tbanby any power oFhis defended us. But we lift not to make i 
 " vaunt and boaft of fortimat (uccel's and brave viiflories, namely, how we fufaducd and put under 
 •« the yoke two Conluls, and two confuht armies : nor ot other noble exploits which hapned to 
 *' our joy and honor. Andasforthccrofiss and adverfities that befell us during that time, we may 
 ''report them with leffe grief and indignation, than thofe that this day light upon us. Then in 
 «' thofe dayes , mighty great Did?' ors with their Generals of Horiemcn , two Coniuls at once, 
 «' with their two royal hofts, entted our territories, having fent out before hand their eipials and 
 *' I'couts , and led forth their fouldiers f o make fpoil , under their colours and enfigns , arangcd in 
 « good order of battail, and feconded ftrotJgly behind. Now are we expofcd as it were to be a 
 <«preyof one only garrifon, and that but afma!I.onc,left forthe guard and defence of AV^. For^ 
 «' now they overrun all cur confines snd borders, not by bands and companies in warlike wife,bat j^ 
 '« like Theeves and Robbers, more cat elefly and negligently , than if they ranged about for their 
 <■'■ plealure in the Roman territory. The only caule is this, becaule youv felf make no reckoning to 
 «* proteft us .• and all our own.y outh ( wbictiTftbey were at home were able to defend us) ferveth 
 *- under your banner and (landard. But 1 know neither you, nor your army at all : ifl fliould not be 
 •« perlwaded and believe that be whom 1 wot well to hsve diicomfited and put to flight fb matiy 
 <!. Roman armies, were ibon able to defeat and (upprel's thefe robbers that wander about our coun- 
 •' try, ftragling without leaders, and without their colou.'sdifordttdly whither they lift, according 
 <t to the vain hope cf pillage that haleth them here and there, and, as everyone qapethfor prizes, 
 ^ which they (ball never get. No doubt bat if you putforihafewofyourNumidians, they will 
 *< foon fall into their bands : Send but unto us a garrifon to fuccour us , you fhall quickly dilplace -^ 
 <' that other at A^a/rf; incafe you judge not us ('whom you hsve thought worthy tobeycurcon- 
 ''. federals) now,unworthy to be defended after you have received us into your proteffion. Here- 
 "to v4»«-'^'!/ made this anfwera??3irj, and laid; That the Hirpins and Samnits hudledupallat 
 /imJbai*'j'oi\\e V once together : tfec) declared their calamities and io(3es, they craved aid and Ibccour, and they 
 Embaffadors. *' made complaint that they were neither guarded by him, nor regarded of him. Whereas they 
 •' (bculd have firrt made declaration of their haims: after, fued for help; andlaftoFall, if they 
 «* might not obtein, then and not afore they fhould have complained, thst they had befought his 
 •' helping hand in vain. Ho wbeit he promifedjthat he would not bring his army into the territory, 
 » either of the Hirpms or the Samnits, left himfelf alfo fhould be chargeable and troublefome unto 
 *• them, bs;t into the next quarters belonging to the allies of the Romans: by fpoiling and wafting y^ 
 •' whereof, both he would fill his louldiers hands, and alio with the tcrrour thereof, fet their ene- 
 •« niies far enough oSlrom shem. Andasfor the mmsi^ing of the Roman war, like as the battel 
 '«cf Thraf^minHs, waj more noble than that ciTrebia; and the field of C^k;:<j more memorable, 
 '* than that of ThrafjmenM : even To would he make the memorial of Canr.fi.dlm and obf:are, in 
 "regard of one greater viflory yet, and moie renowned than the other. Wi;h this anfwer, and 
 with honourable rewards belides, be difmidcd the Embsfisdors , and gave them their dilpatch. 
 And leaving a fmall guard to keep the Hill T>fatay he marched m perlon with the reft of his ar- 
 my againft Nc/.:. Thither alfo was//<!««cicome,outof the country of the Brut ii, with the fop- 
 ply ihst he brought from Canhage , and the Elephants. Where , after AnK.bal had pitched his 
 Tents not far from the Town, and made diligent enquiry, he found, that thecale was far other- 
 wife, than it was reported by the limbafladors of his aiiociats. lor MarceUm bare not him- '^ 
 felf in any of his aftions , (o as it might be truly laid , that he blindly committed ought to the ha- 
 zard ot fortune, or raflily adventured upon the enemy. For he never went a piundring without 
 his (couts and efpials , without fettingftrong guards in due places, whereunto he might retire 
 himfelf in falety .• but had a good eye afore him , and a wary regard and heedful f orecaft , as if he 
 werc!to encounter with ^w»/*^/ in perfon. And even then at that time, v;hcn he perceived, 
 that the enemy approached and was coming , be kept his forces within the City : commanding 
 the Senators of Nula , to walk up and down upon the walls , and to furvcy all over , and clpic 
 what the enemies did, or were about. Amongft whom, it hapntd, that Hamo being come under 
 the very wall, efpied 77<rrr««/«i5^^/», and //(!r/;«Pefr/«*, whom he called out to a parlc. And 
 when they vycrc gone forth unto him by the permifTion & leave of A^arctlltUj thus he (pake unto ^ 
 them by his inteipret<:r. Firft, he highly extolled the vertue and fortune of yinnfbal, debaling and 
 treading,undet foot the dignity and Majcfty of the people of ^o/»<r, growing now old in time, and 
 The fpfCGhof <^ecaying in force and ftrci7etb. «' Which if they were fquothbe) on both fides equal, as lome- 
 Hamo to Ht- " f'"iesibey wcre,yet feeing they had good experience, bow heavy and grievous the government 
 rcmut nnJ "of the Romans v/astoall their Allies,andagain,how indulgent & gracious ^nmbal is, even to all 
 HjnwNolans. "the capti ves of Che Italian nation and name,they (hoqld wifli rather to be in league & amity with 
 
 '« the
 
 The three and I'wentieth BooJ\of T.Li vius. aq-i 
 
 A " the Carchsginians,chan with ihe Romans. If both CofT. were witli their armies at No/.-, tliey 
 '■ were no more able to match with ^mul-a', ihin they were atC.j-w-e : much lefs might orePrx- 
 ••' toe with a tew raw and new ibuldiers hold out and keep NoL; againll iiim. And aslor the No- 
 "lans themfelves, it concerned them much more than it did y^«w/W, coeonfider, whether he 
 " fliould win JV'ji.i by for-.e, or enter upon it by inrrcndcr andccmpoiition.For to be Lord therof 
 ^' he made no doiibt,like as he was Maiier already oiC^'.pn^i and Av.'r.",-.Y2:bi)t what odds and diffe- 
 " rence there is bctween.ihelhte of Capis.i and of A^'<«r/./. the Nolans know belt themfelvesjwho 
 " are featedi'as it wcrs)in the mid way between both. Loath he was to prognoliimtc fo much un - 
 "to A/(?/.!,w hat calamities might befall the Cityjiht were conquered by afkuilt : rather yet would 
 
 B" he give his word and promifejThat if they would deliver Ai-trc-liiti with his garrifon, and yield 
 "up NoLiimo Au?iila!his hand^they lliou.d themfelves, and none but they feidownandcapitu- 
 ''Uteundei whet conditions they would entertain alliance ScfricndlLipwith ^4>jiiil>,i/, To this 
 motion He;cy;;!itii /?rtjf«j framed his anfwcr in this fort.'- Tor miny years alreadythcrc hath been 'n-esnkverof 
 "coniinuall amity between the people oi' Rome znd No/a, and neither of hothto thisday hath f''-'"""*'^' ^^ 
 " repented thcrof.As for the Nolans themfeUesif they had bccndii'pofed to turn with the wind, ^■^''"''• 
 "and to cRange theirfaith and aileage:i1:e,togethcr wirh their roit:ine,iliey would have done it 
 ''long before this: for now it was too late to dart &a!ter.lf ihey li.!d minded to yield themfelves 
 " unto An>jUra'.,ihcy would never have fent for a garrifon of Uom.!ns : but llncc they were now 
 *'cometoprote61 and defend them,they had imparted ^ com i uni."atcd all their (btc with them 
 
 C '"^ already,and would take fuch part. as tncy-fo long as tliey had an hour to live. This cmparlpuc 
 ^»«;'/\t/ dean hehdes all hopeof gaining A\l.i by trealon. Tncreforc he beleaguered the town on 
 every fide,and invelfcd it round about like a garland, to the end, t hu in one iniiant he might give 
 the aflault on every part of the walls. When MarceHuiUw him under the walis he fet his people 
 Hrll in battel aray within thegate, and then with a great noife and tumult he fuddenly fallied out. 
 At their firlt fliock and onfet divers of the enemies were bjaten down and fljin : but after thar, 
 they ran from all parts to battel, and were come together with equali torces.the fight began to be 
 hot and niarp,and a memorable conflitl; it had been and few like it. bur th.;cit rained and poured 
 down fo fait -and with fo many (lormsand tempeils, that it parted both the battels. andfLiid the 
 fight. So for that day, having with that fmal skirmifli kindled their couiages^and fet their blond in 
 
 j-)hcatjthey retired back,the Romans within the City ^and the Carthaginianjfo their Camp. How- 
 beit-of the Carthaginians there were flain,upon the firlt fally and charge given, not above thirty, 
 and of the Romans not onem.in.Thisiempertuousniower of rainlalled a'.l night lorn;, and con- 
 tinued (lill,and never gave over untill nine of the clock before noon the next day. And therefore 
 albeit they were fliarp fet, and their fingers itched on both hdes to be a fighting, yet for that day 
 ihey kept within their hold and (Irength.So the third day A>inib.'.l fent out certain companies in- 
 to the territory about NqIj- for to forrage and fetch in booties: whi.h.fofoonas Marce/i'nsun- 
 dcr(lood,heprefently fet his men in array, and entred the field, neither was A^jnil^anothis pare 
 behind.Now there was a mi'ediiiance,or very near between the City and the enemies Camp.In 
 this I'pace between;' for all about Nola is plain and champian):hey en .ountred and joyncd battel. 
 
 E Thefhout that they fet up onbothhdeSjtecliimedandcaufed to return unto the fight already be- 
 gun the ncareft of ihofe cohorts and bands which were gone aforraging into the country, Tlie 
 menof ATo/.j like wife cmie unto the Romans, and merded their b.itcel : whom M'arcelhtscom.- 
 •uended for their forwrrdnef5,and gave them in charge to ab'clc in the rcrew3rd,to h.elp as occa- 
 nonfencd and to carry forth of the skirmilli ihofc that were hurt and wounded, and to forbear 
 light in any cafe, unlefs tliey had a fignall and token given them \y\ him. The fight was doubtful!, 
 for both the Generals gave encouragement effeihially, andalforhe fouldiers did their befl-, and 
 fought right man:ul'y? M.ircdlns was earned with his men toprefs hard and ^hargeftiilapon 
 their enemies, whom they had defeated notthree daits ago, who notmanydaies pa(t wereput 
 to flight and driven from C«»;r.f,and who the year before were beaten from JVjIa under his con- 
 
 pduil by other fouldiers-Zaying," That they were not all there in the field, bntm-inv of them gone ThePpeechof 
 " ranging abroad in tlie country ,for to hale booties and get prizes. As for them that fought. they MmaUimo 
 "were luch as were de;«yed with rioting and following theirdelights inCVp.-^r, fu.h as with Ills' fouldiers. 
 " wine- bibbing in every tavern,whore-hunting in every Stews and Brothel-houfe, all the whole 
 '' winter.werc become enieebkd in body fpent and waited utterly. As for that hvely Hrength and 
 "■" vigour of theirs, it was clean gone : thofe able and luHy bodies were decaied thofe couragi- 
 •" 6irs hearts abated, wherewith they pnfled over the Pyrenean mountains, and the high cliffs of 
 '■' the ^i//j/.There remained now nothing but the rcliques and fnadaw of thofe men to tight, who 
 "•^ are fcarce able to bear their \ cry armour, to lift up their arms, and c.-rry their ownbodies. 
 "• Adding withallithatGrpv/j was another r<?»;i-<c unto Anmbal: there died his warlike prowefs, 
 Q '' thcrcjloft he his military difcipline; there was the glorious fame of former daies buried ; there 
 " the hope oi future time tor ever I'upprefled and (iit^ed.As MarcdUt^ bv reproving thefe and filch 
 like things in his enemies, animated his own louldiers : fo Annih.il rebuked his men with more 
 
 The words of 
 
 fliarp words and bitter checks. " I know thefe to be ( quoth he ) the famearms and weapons, ^„„i[,aito his 
 '■ the very fame enligns and ftandards which Ifaw and had at Ti'f/^y.i, ^i Thrii[ymer.us^ and laft fouldiers, 
 '••of ^WziCamu. But furely me thinks, when I went to G/;)«.! thereto winter,! caried with me 
 '"^thither, other manner of louldiers than I have brought again from thence. Have ye indeed fo 
 'much ado to maintain fight with a Roman LieutenantjLeader of one only Legion and cornet; 
 
 N n " " whom
 
 7^ the three and mentieth BooJiof T^Livhs, 
 
 u ^^uq^ heretorore two full'ConfalAr armies vvere never able to abide in the field? Shall i'l/^ir- H 
 <■- ce'U'i with young and raw lou diers ofhis own, leconded only with the aid of the Nolans, 
 <■- cha'lcree and bid^us battel the lecor.d time ? WherC is that fouldicr ot" mine that unhorfed C. 
 '■'''Fl'miymuihi: Conlul, and llrolvcotT his head ? What is become of him that at C^«K<ellew L. 
 " riir'Ms'i What ? is the edge of the [word dnll, and the point b.unt ? Or are your right hands 
 " liletp and beniimmcd ? Or whatilrange and wondcrtuh accident is betaln you ? Ye that were 
 '■wont beinc few in number, to vanquKh many , are ye now, being many in number, hardly able 
 «to wi'thltandJr.dabisietheviolcn.eot afew > Yefpakebig, and gave. out great brags and 
 " or )ud words. that if any man wou.d Ie:.d you, you would win Romeshit you would. Behold, 
 "'now-afmalltr pie cot ftrvi.e. Here I would have you prove your (Ir^^ngth, andmaketriallof j 
 " -our valour. Let us fee now, w in me NoL'.^ a City fcituate in the Champian^on a plainjdeten- 
 ' ded neither with fea"n»r rlv t r. Gout of this fo wealthy a City, will I be ready to lead you, la- 
 '^ den with riJipil^iS'^-"'^ F"''? whi-.her foeverye will, or follow you, wherefoever ye would 
 ''have me But nothing avai.ed either his chearfull words, or his checking rebukes, to encou- 
 rage and c'onSnn their ncarcs. For the Carthaginians being forced on every hde to retreat, 
 /whiles the Roman; crew more and more animated, not only through the comfortable 
 ipecches of thei; own Captains, but alfo the Nolans themfelves, who with their loud fhou- 
 un^ intoke.-i of their lo'.e and afieii>ion '■, enkindled their courages to hot fight^ turned their 
 backs aijd were driven into their hold. And when the Romans were deurous to aflail the 
 fame,^-V<« Tf//../re-onduded them to AV^, with great joy and congratulation even of the Com- K 
 mons there whobefore, were more enclincd andaffeded to the Carchagmians. There were 
 of the enemies Gain that d ly above one thoufand, fixteen hundred were take prifoncrs, nine- 
 tcenmilitarv cnh<-nswon, twoElcphrntsgotrenalivc, and foureflainintheconflidl. OfRo- 
 m^ns'tbcrc were not killed all out one thouland. The morrow after they fpent ( upon a truce 
 concluded) in burvin^ the de.d that were flain on both fides. Of the ipyiis of the enemies 
 AfviC'I'Hs made a '^reattiie upon a \ ow pronounced mtoFuldzyi, On thethird day, i^-jz 
 ho'rftmcn ot Nnmidians and Spaniaids, one vyith another (upon fomefpleenand anger Ibe- 
 leeic, Qrehe f'rh"pe of mor.: libera 11 entertainment and I. ommodious gain) Bed from Aivm- 
 /> 7 and turned to Ai''rci'':ir. whofc \aliant andfaithfull ferticellood theRomans in very good 
 liead oitesHimcs du.inothat war. And afterthe war was ended, the Sp.mijrds in Ss-n^:, and l 
 iheKumidiansin Aff'nck,^ in reward of their vertue and p-owefs, werccndaed with lair lands 
 aiid lar'c poP.cfTions. A-.nibu,' (cm Hu«no back from AV^ to the Brvuii, together with the 
 for.c^ihit became with: himlch v\cnt tothe wintnng harbours of y/;i;i/;.?, and lodged about 
 
 qIuk'-hs F.-u'ms fo Toon as he hcaid chat ^;;«;'a / had taken his way into JpulLi, conveyed all 
 
 the coin from AV.: and jV,;pAj into his Camp, which he hadpituhed above SfteJfiiLt: and ha- 
 
 vip" well foriihcd the ho;d, and lefc there a fjfHaentgarriJon to guard the place for that winter 
 
 tinK, removed himlelf nearer to Crp.v.f, and there encamped :. and fo walled the CampanTer- 
 
 ritor'' w'th f re and f^vord, that iheCampans littie trulling iutheir own forces, were conflrai- 
 
 ned to iffue forth 0*' their gates, ard fonifie themfelves in Camp before the City, in theopenj^ 
 
 pain S,ix thoufardtfiey vvcreinali. Their footmen were weak and not for feri ice: theirhorfe- 
 
 m'cn'were far better and more able: fo that oftentimes they charged their enemies with their 
 
 horfe, ard provoked them totighr. AmongmSny brave men of arms that the Campans bad, 
 
 one Jk!':I!h-< furramcd Turea^ a Citizen of Carna., was the worthieft and bell horfeman of them 
 
 a!l,bv manv degrees : in'omuch,' as when he lerved nnder the Romans, CLiudiKs Affelltts only, 
 
 a Citizen of yJoz/^f^wasab^etomjtch him in g ory of good horfemanfhip and horfe fervite.This 
 
 TciTirvA when he h.;d r'dden il about the tr(x)ps of his enemies, cad inp his eye every way to fee 
 
 if hecouid e p5 CV...'<^ /'' y-./- '«^ cncjuired at length dofely, after hlen^e made, where aboiic 
 
 he was and made this challenge unto him. That iceing he was went in words to contend with 
 
 bim for vaiour and prowcf, he fiioiild now determine the qiieHion by the fpear-point and vj 
 
 dint of fword, and either be dcpoiicd of his glorious armour, if he wereovercome, or elfe 
 
 s;ain the fame with the \ii\ory. Wlii-b dehan:e being brought into the Camp to .^/^//«j his 
 
 ear- , he Vi\y^>t no more to do , but v\cnt preicntly to the Conful , to know whether he might 
 
 with his i.ood leave ard li^cn.c out of his rank fight extraordinarily with his enemy that bad 
 
 him vomiiar. After !ea\e obtained, he armed himfelf immediatly, mounted on horfeback, 
 
 and rode before the enemies ftf^p'-i^e_;j//'5r^, oftentimes calling upon T^u/rM by nanae,and bidding 
 
 him come forth to encounter when oeverhe durlf, Now were the Romans by this time gone 
 
 ftnh of the Camp in grcu nrm'-ei to behold this combat: the men of ^^p«<i likewife filled not 
 
 only the rampia o" their ho'd but alio the walls of the City to fee this fight. Whenasthey 
 
 badm;de fomc goodly flouriOi aforehand with brave fwordsand (lout fpceches, to let outthe„ 
 
 ailion: they fctfpcat in red , and put fpurs to horfe, and jnllled together amain. Afterwards, 
 
 having "ottcn tic liberty of the ground they dallied one with another, trifling out the time, and 
 
 makin" along peece of work of if,wiihout giving or taking wound. Then quoth the Campan 
 
 Knialn to the Romsn, This will be but a fight of horfes, and not ofhorfemyi, irnlefs we ride 
 
 oi.t'of the open plain ground liere into this hollowway, where having no fuchfcope to pri^k 
 
 I nuc at large we fnall 'oon come to hand gripes, and clofe together. The word was notfofoon 
 
 fpokcn, bu( Clttdnts turned his horfe headland rode into the f orefaid way. But Tauren a ttouter 
 
 champion
 
 The three and twentieth Boo\of T.Livius. ^-..^ 
 
 A champion in word than deed : Oh take heed ofall things ( quoth he ) how you ride a "eldinq in 
 a ditch : Which grew afterwards to a by- word,ufcd among the country people. Claudius a tc? lie 
 had rode in and out, up and down , a long time in the lane, and never met with his enemy retur- 
 ned again into the open plain: and r.'ting the cowardice of his enemy, with great joy and srjtuia- 
 tioD, rode back as conc]uerourinto the Camp, Some Annals and Chronicles do record and add 
 to this combat of horlemen. a Itrange and wordenul thing ( no doubt) if it be true, as by the 
 common opinion it is reputed no lefs: namely, thac when ><»«>-e^ tied back into the City Clati- 
 <;//«/tollowed hard after him in chace, entred with him at one gate Handing open, and rode ouc 
 clear at the other unhurt- to the great wonder and aiionifliment of the enemies. Upon this the 
 Branding Camps were quiet on bothf des : ahdtheCof. removed backward farther offfrom the 
 Ciry, that the men of ( p«^' migt't (ow thtirgtounds: neither did he any harm unto their fields 
 before the corn was come np and fo wel, grov>. n that the f>lade theteo^ yielded good forra^e and 
 food- for the horfes ; whi h he gnlered .nd'brofight into the Handing Camp "and hold o\(.l.m- 
 diusabo.cSHciriii If znd there he uiit wittcer hfirborsforto make his abode. And heave order 
 to M.Cl ndi$4< he Vi e-Con ull to keep Hillar JV^.i a competent garrifon for defence of theCity; 
 and to dilchar e the -eU of i le fou d'.ers,and ftrd them to RstKe-,ih>\t they fliould neither be cum- 
 brous to their Allies, nor i.h<)rgeab;t: to the Common-weal. T/^. (J r, tc c h u s AiO whiles he led his 
 Legions tromC«w»f J into ^pnlis to Lucerta, feni M. KHerms the Praetor from thence to £>«;;- 
 dttfiftm^ with that army w.ni h he h.id n Lticcrtt lom.manding him to keep the fea-coaH of the 
 C Salentines Country, and to pro> ide for all things neccflary againli PhUip and the Macedonian 
 war. 
 
 In the end of this fummer wherein thefe afts were-atchieved; whereof I have written, there 
 came a packet of Letters from /'.ami C omcl. ^V;i;.'o/,importing how great and how fortunate ex- 
 ploits they had pertormed m Spam : but there wanted money for pay : and apparell and corn to 
 I'erveboth fouldiers and mariners. And albeitall thelethings were away,yet as concerning mo- 
 ney,if the City Chamber and ommonTreafure were not Hored, they would make fome H^iftto 
 raife it of the Spaniards : but for all thereH, needs it muH be fent from/?(7w?r.forotherwife nei- 
 ther could they keep the Army toi;etner nor hold the Province in their allcgeance.VVhen the let- 
 ters were read^there was no man there but acknowledged that they wrote a truth, arddemaii- 
 j)ded that which was reafonable. But they ronfidered withall, what great armies both on land and 
 atfea theymaintained : and what a mighty Armadathey muH prepare and fet out anew, in cafe 
 the Macedonian war went Forward. As for Stc ly and Sardinia-^ which before the war^ began, paid. 
 tribute, wereftarce ibleto find and keep the garrifons, that lay there for thegbard of the Pro- 
 vinces : and that they were to trult upon their own revenues and tribute for the maintenance of 
 thecharge they were at. But as the number of them that paid rent and conferred tribute, was 
 greatly diminilhed by fo great overthrows of the armies, both at the pool Tlvafytfumis, and alfo 
 atCa>7>]a: fo thofefew that remained if they were burdened with many exadlions and payments, 
 fhould be plagued and undone another way, therfore it was concludedjthatunlef? the Common- 
 weal maintained not herfelfby her credit and bor -owing money,- flie were not able to bcfuHai- 
 E ned by her own weaith and riches.So it was agreed, That F«/w«the Prxtor mull needs aflem- 
 ble all the people together, and lay abroad and declare unto them the necefiity and exigent tliat 
 the Common- weal was dri\ en unto,and to exhort ali them that had enriched themfelves and en- 
 creafed their livings, by renting and taking to farm the revenues and commodiries of the City, 
 fliould now do good to the Commonweal for a timeby which they weregrown to that wealth, 
 and undertake the provibon at a price.and fnrnifli the aimy in Sp.v». with all qeccflaries thereto 
 belonging, to be contented ind paid therefore with the firft, out of the common Cheft, when 
 it were Hored with money. Thus thePrstor made declaration of thefe mattersinthc open af- 
 fembly of the people, and withall determined and let down a certain day whereupon he mincftd" 
 to put forth the fouldiers liveries and apparel, and corn to be provided for the Spanilli Army, 
 f and all rhings elfe requifite for the mariners. When the day was come, thccprefented theai'- 
 ' fdves unto him three companies of nineteenm.en, fcrtorakethis bargain. Who madetwo re- 
 q_iieHs and demands, the one that tor that three years next cnfuing,there fliould be no other Pub- 
 licans or farmers of the City: the other , that whatsoever they fliippcd , the Common-weal 
 woiald maki: good againlt all force of eneniyV'Or violence oftempcfl. Both being granted-, 
 they took upon them the matter,- and fo the'Cofnhion-weal was fcrvcd by the money of private 
 perfons.This was the demeanor.this was the lo-. ing affection to their country th.u went through 
 alldegreesof men (as it were) after one fot and manner. Andlikeas they undertook with 
 great courage td fervetbeirmy fo withfingniarF.de itythcv performed every thing, in Inch fort, 
 asthere was nothingat all wanting no more tban.if 'hey had been miint.iined from a rich rre.i- 
 G fury .as in times paH. At what time as this pr(ivifion came, the town of. * ///?r«r^' wa'^ nff^Med * .^w.:',j rlrh, 
 by Ifdrtihal, ..W^ra, and AmilcArx!a<:..(ot\,di^Bdmtlrci-',-hfiCm\(t it revolted unto the ]K.o-' c>r AnMar tl 
 mans. ■-^•' "• ... i.. . ■•■■ - ■ -^ ,u.^u. .. . 
 
 Amidft thefe three (coverall Camps of'tltc enemies the two Scipim pifl'ed into the City 
 of their Allies, that mide refitance againft,and witbgre.it lofs of men ; and ^'toueht corn 
 with them- Whereof there was great vyirtt:"'ai^d after they hadencodrag'ed siidexh rted the 
 tDwnfmen- that with "-he fime refoKitionrlie'y'vtfou'd defend the, walls, .is thev had fc-en the Ro- 
 man army to fight for them and in their quarrell^ thev lecl forttr their powerto give an affauk 
 
 N n 2 upon 
 
 no.
 
 to ibe four and tn^entieth Boo\ofT-lAv\\xs. 
 
 UDon the greacelt Camp,whcreof Afdrubal was the General. Thither alio repaired the two Cap- H 
 tainsandlwo Armies ofthe Cauhaginians , when they law that the whole ttiallot thematter 
 was there :o be determinedjand In they iiTued out of their tents and fought.Threefcore thoufand 
 enemies were that day in field , and about i6oco Romans: and yet the vidtory went lo clear with. 
 the Romans, ihacthey flew more of their enemies chahthey were in number thcmfclves, took 
 prifoncrs more than three thouiand men, and not many under a thoufand horfcj and withall 
 won 60 military enhgns wanting one, and killed five Elephaftts in the battel : and to conclude, 
 were Lord? that day of three C imps. After that the liege was raifed fiom Illiturp, theCartha- 
 > cfil « ginian armies were led to the aflault of the town * Irictbdt, having their companies made up and 
 
 lupp ied again out ofthe Province, fas being a nation.ofall others moll defirous and eager of war, j 
 fo there be hope of pillage or good recompence)andat that time efpecially full of young and lu- 
 llymen. Where there was a fecond field tought with like foriune of both lides as before. There 
 wereflain above thirteen thoufand enemies, and more than 3000 taken pyifoners, befides two 
 and forry military enfigns, and nine Elephants. Then in a manner, all the Cities of 5p<«'»revol7 
 ted to the Romans. And far greater exploits were that funamer performed 'mSfMn, than in 
 Italy. 
 
 The four and twentieth Book k> 
 
 Of the liijiories of F. Livius of Padua, /row the Foundation 
 
 of the City of Kome. 
 
 The Breviary of I. Flortu upon the four and twentieth Book. 
 
 HTerome Kin^ of t . • SyraeufiAr.! ( whofe grandfather Hiero had been a frieKdunto the ffOfie of 
 Rome) ■ V hcd umo t he Car '■'^igmtans^at.df r hit cruelty andpride, was by hts own people mur- • 
 MfLd, Titus SemproniusCricchusr/jf Pro-Conful, had a fortunate battel »<f<?r Beneventnm, <j- 
 SMifl the Ca't b.gi:i -yis avd Hanno iheir Ge/iera/ J hroH^h the help ejpecially ofthe ho,idJlaves-, whonr 
 for th rgoodfc-vice, he commanded to be made free. Claudius Mdrceilus r/>tf Confnl laid Jiege Hnto 
 Si r u.u{a If, Siv i y , v4rch wholly tn manner veOifdn away and turned to the Carthaginians, }Vur wat 
 proclitmedagaiafiVhWip, Kingofthe Macedonians', who in a night-skirmifh was fptrprifed^difcotTf 
 ■fi:ed, and yr- to (Ight / and with his army well near difarmed-, efcaped into Macedonie. lo manage 
 th n ii'.ir, Valerius the Prittor was f^nt. This book^containeth alf> th( aEls Atchieved in Spain by P. 
 /zWCn.S^ipios ag r; fi thfCt.rth.^gin'ians, Syphm King of the IVamidianSyhaving entred into amity 
 Wit' he Romans, f/>4ght aga'/^JiiAiUDidi Ktngof the MaJfUians: whojlood for theCarthaginiatiSy 
 and br.' . ? overcortie. pijf d over into Spain with a mojl mighty army unto ScipiO, lying over Againji 
 G3des,iv'"r<' the narrow fa runntth between Affrick4«J Spain. , h eCeltiberians alfo were received 
 intof- er.dl'^ p^whofe aids the Romans fent for s andthis was thefirji timethat mercenary foitldiersTtere 
 If ^ fed and ferved in the Roman wA's, 
 
 The four and twentieth Boo}\^of T. Livius. 
 
 H/lmo waj not fo foop returned out oiCampane-) into the country of the BrutU, but by 
 their 1 elp 'nd guidance he i'oliitited to rebellion the Greek Citieswhich continued the 
 mf-revvi ling y in eague and alliamevMth the Romans,becaufe they faw that the £y«f</, . 
 whom they both hated ..nd feared. fidt.d with the Carthaginians. Andfirft heaffaied and ^ 
 went in h.tnd with /^/if^;«»«, where he fpem ccriyin daie^ to little ornopurpofe. Inthismean 
 time, the Inhabitants otLofj-/ were bii;ie in (arrving away with great halle the corn, wood and 
 fewel,and all thing? eie neLcf^-ryor theufeofman, out of the country into the City ; becaufe 
 they would leave nothing nr tie enemy to prey upon. And daily more and more of them went 
 out of thcgntesby heaps, lo a.satlalt there was no more left in the City, than thofe that were 
 compelled to repair the breaches of the walls and the gates,and to bring into the turrets and bul- 
 warks llore of d irt.s and other iTiot.Againlt this multitude and confufed mixture of all ages,fexes> 
 anddegrees ranging over the fields, whereof moft were altogether unarmed^^w/Zr^r the Cartha- 
 gi.'ian fent out his Cavalry-giving them diref^ion and charging them to hurt no perfon. Thefe 
 horfcmen oppofed their troops between them and home only to exclude them out ofthe City,^ 
 when they were fcatrered one from another inflight. The General himielf in ptrfcneneamped 
 on a high groiipd from whence he might view the country and the City. And gave command- 
 ment to a cohort of the /?>-«?// to approach the walls to call forth the principall Citizens ofLom 
 to p'r ,and by miking promife of Annih^d his triendfhip, to perfwade and exhort them to yield 
 upthe town. At the firll they gave no credit at all unto the Br«f/(, whatfoever they laid ; Butaf- 
 ter wards, when they diicovered Hanno ditid the Carthaginians upon the hilsj and heard by fome 
 
 few
 
 The four and twentieth Boo\of T.Li vius. ah 
 
 A few of their own Cicizens that were fled back & efcapedjhow all the reft of the multitude were 
 fain within danger of the enemies,they made anfwer, that they would confer and confult there- 
 upon with the body of the people. So immediatly they were aflembled together. The moft lioht 
 headed perlon^ weredeiirous ot a change and new alliance: they alfo,whofe kinsfolk and friends 
 were by the enemy intercepted and kept out of the City, had their minds engaged and bound fure 
 enough, as if they had put in hofta^ps: and fome few who were weii affe6>ed inwardly in heart Sc 
 liked ofconftan-y and true loyalty, yet durft not beknown thereof, and fliew themfehestoHand 
 to it: foaS;they all agreed in outward appearance, tofurrender ihcmfehes totheCarthac-inians. 
 And after they had clofely conveighed into the haven,and embarked L.Atilnmhz Captain of the 
 
 B garrilon,and all the Roman fouldiers that ferved under liim to the end,thnt they mi^'ht be tranf- 
 ported to Rhepaw.^thsy received Amilca- and the Carthaginians into the City, with this condi- 
 tion,that prefently there Oiould be concluded a league upon equall and indifferent covenants and 
 capitulations between them. But ihepromifein this behalf ( wlien they had once yielded them- 
 felves) was nothing well performed : whiles ^;??i7Mr charged the Lo.rians, with fraudulent dif- 
 mifling and letting go the Romans : and they again alleaged for their excxife, that they fled away, 
 and made an ekape. The horfemen alfo followed hard in chafe by land, if haply either the tide 
 mightcaufe the (hips to (lay in the current within the Hraight, or drive them a land. But thofe 
 whom they purfued they could not overtake: marry,other (hipst hey elpied, eroding the ftrei<^hts 
 from Mejf.ma to Rhegm ■?/. R.oman fouldiers they were fenu from CLmdnti the Pra;tor, to lie in 
 
 C garrifon there and to keep the tov\n. Whereupon ihey prefently dep.irced from Rhenium. 
 
 A'? tor the Citizens of Lffm.they had peace granted them by exprefs order and clired>ion from 
 ^/,-m;^<«/ upon thefe conditions: /wpr/w.v That they might live free under their own laws: Itenit 
 That both the City and the haven fliould remain ftill in the hands ofthe Locria.ns.The fubftance 
 otthe covenant relied and was eMablillied uponthefe terms That the Carthaginians andLocri- 
 ansfliould aid and afliil one another mutually, both in peace and war. So the Cartnaginians reti- 
 red from thellreights notwichllanding themutteringand murmuring of the ^r«;;.-,becaufethey 
 had left Rhegmm and Locn Uiitouched, which two Cities they made full account to have facked 
 and rifled. And therefore they of themfelves having levied and put in arms a power or fifteen 
 ihoufand of their own youth., marched forward to 3flailr)-«f(7«,a Grecian City likewifeand fea- 
 
 D ted uponthefea. Aflbring themfelves, much to better their eflate, if they could bepoflefl'cd ofa 
 port and fea-town, fenced with flrong wals and Bulwarks. This only troubled and perplexed 
 their minds, thatthey durll not,butfend unto the Carthaginians for aid: fearing.lelt they miohc 
 I'eem to haveentred into a6lionand war, without regard of the common good of theirconfe- 
 derats, if they called them not : and doubting befides, that if the General of ihe Carthaginians 
 fliould prove again, rather an arbitrator of peace, than a coadjutor in war, they fhould tight in 
 vain againft the liberty of Croton, as they had done before againft the City of Locri. Whereup- 
 on they thought beft to fend Embaffadors unto Anmbd for his warrant, and to be fecured from 
 him-.that if Croton were recovered by the Brutians,it fhould be fubjeft unto ihtm. An^thal made 
 anlvver- that this matter required confultation of men prefent with them in place, and therefore 
 
 E he put them over to H.inno-, from whom they received no certain anfwer to trull unto. For wil- 
 ling they were not,that a noble and rich City as it was, fhould befpoiled: and bcfides they were 
 in good hope, that in cafe the Brutians fhould alTail it, and the Carthaginians all the while not 
 l'een,eirher to allow or help them in their enterprize, the Citizens would the more-willingly re- 
 volt unto them. The Inhabitants within C?-wo;j were not of one mind, and affedied alike. For 
 there was one malady that had infeded al theCitiesof /r.!/y,namely,thediiTention betweenthe 
 Commons and the Nobles. The Senators inclined to the Romans, the Commoners on the other 
 lide took part with the Carthaginians, This divifion within the City, the Brmii were by a fugi- 
 tive runaway advertifed of inthefeterms: namely, that ^r7/?3»;^-Zi;«,che ring-leader and head of 
 the Commons, minded tobetray the City: that it was a wide, vafte. and dei'olate town taking a 
 
 F great circuit of ground : and allthe walls being decaied and in fundry places broken down, the Se- 
 nators and the Commons kept their feverall guards and watches in fundry quarters far afunder. 
 And look(quothhe)where the Commons waid,thereye may enter at your pleafure. Upon this; 
 intelligence and direftiongivenbythe fugitive, the Brutit environed the City round about jand 
 being let in by the Commons at thefirl^aflault weremafler? of all places, favingtheCaflle. The 
 Nobles held that pief'e iorefceing what might happen, and thereforeprovided themfelves ofafure 
 refuge. Thither fled ArifiorMachHs alfo, pretending that he meant to deliver the City to the Car- 
 thaginians,and not to the BrntH, Now this City Cyo:on bad a wall (before Pyrrbtts coming into 
 Jta/y) twelve miles in compafs ; but after it was laid wafleby that war fcarce the onehalf ofthe 
 town wasinbabited. Theriver that was wont to run through the midfl ofthe town paffed now 
 
 Q alongthewals without thofe flreets where the houfes Hood thick and well peopled, far from the 
 parts inhabited. 
 
 Sixn:>iles without thetown there flood a noble Temple of Laritiia Jfnio,moi:e renowned thm 
 the City it felf, as being honoured with great religion and devotion ofall the Cities and nations 
 thereabout. A lacred grove there was in that place compafled with a thick wood, of tall fir trees, 
 having in the midft within it divers plcafant and fruitfull paflures, wherein were fed beaflsconfe- 
 cr.ited unto the goddefs, of allforcs, without any keeper and paftor. And albeit the cattell went 
 forth in the morning by herds and flocks of their own kind, fevered by themfelves, yet at nighc 
 they ufed to return back again to their ownjpens and flails, without harm received either by the 
 
 Nn 3' wait-
 
 7^^ The four and mentieth Boo\pfT-LWms. 
 
 wait- laying of wild and ravenousbeafls>cr by deceicfull fraud of men. Great cncreafe therefore jH 
 and much commodiry accrued by thole cartel, infomuch as thereof was made a ma fiie Column 
 orp'Uar of beaten gold, and confecrated inthatplace,l'o as the Temple was famous, as well for 
 riches as holinel's a^nd devotion. And many times it falleth out, that to fuch notable places there 
 are attributed fome ilnv^t miracles.Forthe report goeth,thatthere ftandeth an altar inthe ver/ 
 porch of the Templcjthe .-ll.es lying whereupon.no wind was ever known to blow away. 
 
 But to return to Croton. The Calfle thereof on the one fide ftandeth upon the fea, on the other 
 l-deitbendeth and looketh toward the land. Defended in times paftit wasonly bythenaturall 
 litoationof tbcroundjbut after vv.^rd; fortifiedalfo with a wall ; on that part whereas Dio»y fi- 
 ns the'iTyrant of 5;(r.77,havin2 gainea theba^k rocks and cliffs behind,by craft and guile fometime j 
 won it.This Caftle at that time fuppofed to beOrong and fafe enoughjthe Nobles feized and kept, 
 notvvithrtanding the Brntti and their own Commons beheged them. At length the ^r«f« feeing 
 the Caftle impregnable, by all 'he forces and ailaults that they could make of themfelves, were 
 driven of neceiTity to crave aid oiHi>r.,:o. Who having alfaied to draw and urge theCrotoniats 
 to yieldjUpon thele conditions, To fiiffer a Colony of the Brutii thither to be brought, and there 
 planted ; aod that thereby aCity iyin^fo waf'eanddefolate, might be replenifhed and peopled 
 aaain^as in ancient time : could not move and perfwade any one of them all, but Anflomachus, 
 Forallbefides, proteQed and faid, they would die before they would be intermingled with the 
 Brutii^io change their own rites and manner otlife,their cuHomes,their lawsjand within a while 
 their language alfo for others that v/ereftrange and forrain. yirrfiomachus zlone-, leeingthathe k 
 could not prevail neither by perfwafions to induce them to yieId,nor find any means to betray the 
 CaHlelikeashe had donethetownbefore,fledawaytoK^i»w.Shortly after,certain EmbalTadors 
 from Li3r«5by the licence and peraiilTion of i/<j»w5, entred the Caftle,andperfwaded them to be 
 content for to be tranflated to Lflrr/,rather than to abide and Hand out the extremity: laying,that 
 they had fenc Embafl'adors already to that intent unto ylmnkil, and had got a grant at his hands, 
 that they mi^^ht fo do. So they abandoned Craraw, and theCrotoniats were brought down tothe 
 fea fide and embarked, and the whole multitude departed to Locri. 
 
 In ^p;</;i;,the very winter feafon was not quiet between the Romans and yi«»//^<«/. Sempronms 
 the Conful wintred at Lncer:a. and Anmbalaoi far from him in Arfi ■ and as they could fpy op- 
 porcunity,or take their vantage, of tfae one fide orthe other,f here pafled fome light skirmiflies be- j^ 
 twecnthem, Bnt the Romans had alwaic'-- the better, and every day more than other, became 
 more w.'ry and fecurcd from all trains and deceitful fnares of the enemy. 
 
 In Sjc'lj the Romans found a gre jc change, and all out of order, by reafon that King Hitro was 
 dead.and the Crown tranflated lohis Nephew,or fons ioXi,Hicronytrjus: being yet a cnild. not like 
 to ufe his own liberty with moderation, and much lefs to fway the Kingdom and Scepter with 
 dJfcretion, His guardians and friends gladly entertained iheproteftionandgovernment of fuch 
 a nature, and were ready enorgh to pinngc him headlong into all vice and wickednefs. Which 
 Kinf Hicro fordeeing, was willing (by report; in his latter dales, to have left Syracufa free and 
 at liberty,to the end chat-lo nobie a kingdom- acquired and eftablifhed by good means, fliould 
 not underthe Lordly dominion of a child to the great obloquy and fhame of the world,be ruinate'^ 
 and come to nought. But his dain^hters with tooth and nailcroffed this his defignment,and made 
 full reckoning, that the child fliould only ben die name of a King, but the government of the 
 whole Statosfliou'd whollyrelx in them and their husbands, Andronodorus and Zoilus: who were 
 the principall guardians, le;t to overfee the young Prince. And an eafie matter it was not/or an 
 a^ed mm novv foiirfcore ye.'rs old and ten, fo hardly laid at day and night, by the fair fpeeches, 
 and feminine ilatteries of his daughters, to keep his mind free,and to apply and convert it to in- 
 tend crivare rcgards-and thepublikeconhderationofthe State. "" And therefore he left fifteen tu- 
 < tcri to overfee and govern the child, whom he befought upon his death-bead, even when he 
 "■• was"oingoutof this wor!d,to maintain entire and unfpotted, the faithful! alleageance to the 
 "Roaians,vvhiih he had kept and obierved inviolate for the fpace of fifty years : andtofetto., 
 '• ctvelrhelpinghand vViilingly, todireilthe young Prince above all, to treadinhisfleps,andto 
 '• fo low that difciplinc- wherein he had been nurtured and taught. After he had given this charge, 
 and yielded up his breath, the guardians came abroad, brought forth the Kingslafl will and tefta- 
 m^r.t and fbewed ihfe young Prin^e in the open aflembly of the people('aBd well near fifteen years 
 of a!;c he was.) Where fome few, fuch as werebeftowed hereof purpofe within the prefs of the 
 aflembly for to fliout and flicw tedimony of their joy and good liking, approved with open 
 volce,and allowed the Kings will: whereas all the reft fared as Orphans in a City bereaved of their 
 King.and (as it were) become fatherlefs, and feared all things that might enfue. The King was 
 interred .ud his funerals folemnized, with the love and kind affedion of his people and fubjeds, 
 more than with any (ludious care and diligence of his own friends that were nearefl to him. q 
 A'^rcr this, A'ldrnnodnrns removed from about the Prince all other guardians but himfelf, giving 
 out ofrentimcs that Hero ijrKus was paft achild,and able to govern of himfelf as King. Thus by 
 dcpofirg the Protcdorfhip, which was common to him and many others, he took upon him 
 and ufurped the power and authority of themall. Hard it was even for a right good King and 
 well governed, that fliould fucceed after Hiere, to find favour and win grace among the Syracu- 
 fiitns: fo heartily tlieyaffccled and loved King ///fro. BacHieroHymus, asifhe had been willing 
 and dclirous, that by his vi ions and wicked life, they fhould have a great miffs of his grandfa- 
 ■ ther, and wifh again for him ; at the very firrt fight, when be fhewed himfelf abroad in open 
 
 pla ce, 
 
 1
 
 The four andwentieth Boo^^ of T. Li vius. a j 2 
 
 place,dedared unto the vvorld,whac difference and great odds there was. For they who fo many 
 years together had never leen f/;f rt?,nor his fon Gf/o, either in habit of apparel, or in any orher 
 ornaments and port, differing from all other Citizens, now beheld him in his purple robes, with 
 his regall Crown and t)i.dem, attended with his guard and train ot" armed peniioners: yea, and 
 othcrwhile,after the manner of Dcms the Tyrantriding forth of his Court and Palace, in a Cha- 
 riot drawn with four white l-leeds. This proud pomp and (tateiy array was accompanied and lui- 
 ted with femblable qualities and conditions. He contemned and difpiled all men : he fcorned 
 molt proudly to give audience to humble luppiiants: and fent them arviy widi reproachful terms 
 ^ and taunts. And not only Grangers, but aifo his very guardians h irdiy might have accefs unto 
 him: and to conclude, his iulfs and delights whereunto hegavehim'eif, were new and Orange* 
 his cruelty that he exercifed outragious and inhumane. So dread and terrible was he to all, that 
 feme of his Tutors, either by making themfeh es away, or by voiuntory exiie were driven to pre- 
 vent and a void the danger of cruelltorments.Of whom, three oh y, who alone bad more famili- 
 ar recourfe into the Court, to wit, AndroKodort-.s and Zoilm^ the ions in law of King Uitro., that 
 had married his daughters, and oneT/jr-s'/s', had little or no ear given unto them in othermat- 
 ters ; but whiles two of them drew toward the Carthaginians, ard Thr.-fj to the Roman alliance; 
 with their arguing debating, and difpute, they otherwhile turned themindof thcyoungKingto 
 hearken and give audien:e to their opinions. Now it hapned that rhcre was a confpiracy inten- 
 ded againit the life and perlbnof the Tyrant, and the fame deteiledby oneCr/j, the companion 
 and playfellow oi Hteroyiynjni-,AT\^ of the lame age: one who ever from his childhood had been 
 familiarly acquainted with him, and inward to all his fecrets. This r,;vealcr of the confpiracy, 
 could appeach and nominate all the con''pirators,only Theodoras ^h'j whom himfelfwas made pri- 
 vy to the trealbn, and foUi'ated to bea compile therein. The pirty was apprehended inconti- 
 nently, and delivered unto Andrort'idmu to be tortured; Who at the firll without delayjconfeffed 
 himfelfto be guilty, but concealed all the relt that were accefi'aries. At the lalt, when he had 
 beentorn.mangled, and difmemhred, with molt dolorous torments, and intolerable for any man 
 to endure : pretending and miking femblance that he could abide no longer pains ; dilcloled noc 
 foralhhis the guilty perions indeed, but accufed the innocent, and laid falfly, that 77;?-.t/o was 
 
 l^the hr(f devifer of the wholeplot : and unlefs they had born themfelves, and relied upon fo 
 mighty an head to let them on work, they wou.d never have attempted fo dangerous an en- 
 terprii'e. He appeached alio fome other of the Tyrant his gu^rd and houlliold fervanrs and dai- 
 ly waiters : even fuch as came into his mind during the time of his dolours and paines,and whom 
 amidfthisgroans he imagined to be fuch, as whofe lives might be belt Ipared, and deaths leait la- 
 mented. The naming of Thrafo efpecially made the Tyrant to beleeve, that the dcteiVion foun- 
 ded to be a very truth indeed ; whcrelipon the man was immediatly led to execution and put to 
 death ; and the other innocents, as clear as himlelf, tailed of the fame cup and fuffered with him 
 for company. As for theconfpirators themfelves, albeit one of their fellows was a long whilepuc 
 to bitter and extream torture, there was not one of them that either hid his head or made an 
 efcape : fo alTurcd confidence had they in the refolute conftancy and faithful! promife ot TheodorHs: 
 and fuch power and (trength had 7/woti»K«f himlelf to keep clofe the fecrets committed unto him. 
 Now when Thr.tfo was once difpatched out of the way, who only was the meansto hold them 
 inland to bind them to their alliance and allcageanceto the Romans : then forthwith they began 
 openly to en-lineto rebellion, and fent as Embafladors for the fame purpofe, two noble young 
 Gentlemen, H/ppocrate.! andEpicidcsumo Annib.H; From whom alfo they were fent back again 
 in Embafl'age. Thefe were both born at C^trf /wi'^''-,biit del'cended in bloud from the Sy racufians by 
 their grandfather, that was from thence baniflied :and were themfelves by the mothers fidemeer 
 Carthaginians.Byentercourfe of thefe two Hmbaffadours, a League was concluded between Ak- 
 nibaUnd the Tyrant of Syr^'-cufe.hrid. Amtbd viz%Qonitnx.i\\it they Hiould abide (till as Leigers 
 in the Tyrants Court. 
 
 ^ When Apf'tis Claudius the Pritor and Lord Deputy of the Province of Sicily heard thefe news, 
 he addrefledftraightwaies Embafladors unto Hieronymtts: who laying, that they were come to 
 renew the alliance which they had with his grandfather, had fcorntul audience given them to de- 
 liver their mefl'age, and were difmilTed and fent away by Hiermiytr.us with a frump, demanding 
 of them by way of a feoff," How they had fped at the battel of Ca>v-ix. For I can hardly beleeve 
 " ( quoth he ) that all is true which the Embafladors report ot that field : and I would gladly 
 " know the certain truth & thereupon deliberate and take connfeUwhi.h fide I were belt to take. 
 The Roman EmBafladors faid, they would repair again unto him when he could begin once to 
 give audience with gravity and in good earnefi to their embafl:ge: andi'o after they had warned & 
 admonifhed, rather than praied and entreated him, not to change,buttoltand to the firft cove- 
 
 ^ nant and promifes,they departed. Then H'.eronymm lent his Legates todmha^e^ for to confirm 
 theLe.'gue with the Carthaginians, accordingto the alliance and amity made with Anmbat. In 
 which it was capitulate and covenanted, that when they had expelled the Romans out of Swily 
 (which would fliortly come to pafs, in cafe they lent thither fliips and a power of men )the river 
 /r/»;(?>\^,which (as it were)divided the Klandin the midlt,niould confine and limit.both theSyra- 
 cuiian kingdom and the dominion of the Carthaginians, After this.being puffed up with the fair 
 Piattcringfpeechesof fuch as were about him, whofuggelteduntohim,to remember and call to 
 mind, that not only King Huro was his grandfather, but alfo King Pn-rhns by the mothers fide .• 
 he fent Embafladors unto theCarihaginians^to give them from him to underftand, That hedee- 
 
 tned
 
 ^f4 ^ he four and nventieth Bool^of T.hWms. 
 
 med it right and meet, tliat all i'/f//)' wholly fliould lie urto his dominion: and that the Empire H 
 of/.'i://only,lelor.ged properly to the Caithagiri.in people to acquire and conquer. This lev icy 
 and V ain- glorious humcEr they neither wondred at,as a lirarge thing ip a giddy-brained young 
 man; nor yetcre:«t!y b;<med and found fciuitwith, lolongas they might efiran^ehim wholly 
 anda.ienate him jhogctl trirom the fiiendfliip of the Romans. But all things in him turned to 
 his overthrow ard utter tonfufion. For whiles Htppocrf.tcs and Epicdej were lent afore with two 
 thoul'and I'culdiers -lor to found and follicic the Cities rebellion, that were heldby thegarrifons 
 of theP.omans: rrd himlelfinperfcnentred the country of the Leontins, withallihereliofthe 
 forcesj which amoiiwed to fifteen thoufand foot and horie together : certain confpirators, who 
 ♦handed a;l to be his own fouidiers, aridbare arms under him, pofl'eifed themleives of a vakel 
 houic.fianding o; er a narrow lane- through which the King was wont to go down into the mar- 
 ket place ot the City :there>when ether liood armed and well appointed,and waiting when the 
 King fliOuld pais by, one of the confpirators ( whofe name was Iyj!gcn:i,;cs) had given himin 
 charge,becaufehe was oneof thefquires of the Kings body, when the King approached near 
 unto the door of the laid houfe, to f nd fome occahon or other, in that (Iraight pafl'age, tofby 
 the troop and train that followed behind. And fo he efrcilcd indeed, and put in execution, as it . 
 was agreed and contrived. For Jnii^emincs. lift up his foot, making as though he would loofe 
 andflackaftraightknotof his ll^io-latchet-which hindring his going, whereby he (laid the com- 
 pany that followed after, io long that the King paiTing by alone without his guard of armed men 
 about him, wasaflaulted mean while, and recievcd fundry ftabs and wounds, before they could K 
 cometorcfcue and lave him. Hereupon art fe an outcry and tumult, and divers of the guard let 
 file at Iyjd:icKi ir.es, who by this time wis ready to oppofe himfeif and to award all venues : how- 
 be; t he wa^ hurt only in two pbce ,ar.d loefvaped. The guard feeing the King there lying dead, 
 fled away as they could. The murtherersjfome cf them bctookthemfelves into themarket-place 
 unto the multitude; that rejoiced for the recovery of their freedom: others repaired to ^^r^cs/e, 
 to intercept and prevent the del'.gnments of AnAror.cdyrm , and other favourits and followers of 
 thelateKing. 
 
 Whiles Things Rood in thefe uncertain and doubtful terms, App^MJ CIa:idii(s \oicktin^\\?s 
 likctoenfue.and that very fliorth, cddreiled his letters unto the Senat of Rome, certifying them 
 that 5.-C.// enclired already, and was at hand to lul.. w ith the people of C'drrlj.i^ire, and with Ay:>j!- L 
 hal. Himlelfin,thc mean lime bent all historccs tuw.irdthe frontiers of the Province andcon- 
 fines of that Kingdom., ro wiihltai'd and hinder all the proceeding;- and enterprifesof the Syra- 
 cuhans. 
 
 In the end of that year. Q^ F^:/>ius. by order from the Senate, fortif ed Putccli-, a town of mer- 
 chandile, and which in time of wars began to be much retorted unto and frequented, and there 
 he placed a garrifon. From whence as he was in his journey toward. Rome againft the grai:d Ele- 
 ction ot Maoirtrates heproclairr.ed the ioiemn aflembly of the people for that purpole to be the 
 nextGornitiall day that followed upon his arru all thither: and lb it fell out, that he went along 
 the City i:de immediatly upon his journey, and came dov\n into yl/^r.; field before heencredthe 
 City. Upon which day, when it hapned that the Century of the younger fort was drawn out by M 
 lot an;, lad the prerogative,and by their voices nominated 7'.Oirh!f/7/«j,and M.&wylnts Regilhts 
 The Oration for Confuir, then ^. i-'<si&;<-i; alter liience made, rofe up, and delivered this or fuch like fpeech. 
 °i!'^'^o'*/"tr "^^ either we bad peacein //.^/f, or war atleatf wife with thofeenemies, with whomif wedealc 
 Kwwf.^ ^ ^ '■ iT^ithcr neghgcnt y orunadvifediyi thematter were not much,nor importing great hazard and 
 "dangci: I would think, that whofoeverdiRurbed and eroded your favours and free atfedions 
 "•which ye bringhither with you into this folemn place ot aflembly,to beftow honours and dig- 
 "nities upon whom yep'eafe hadbutfmalland no regard of your liberty and freedom, Butfince 
 ^' that inthii^war ancS with thiseiiemy-never any General of ours faultedin the managing of his 
 "affairs, but itcoRus dear, and we had fome great foil and overthrow ; it behoveth you, that 
 " with what mind and carefull regard ye enter the held to combat in your armour, in the fame yeN 
 '-flioUid come hither into this ^^rjfveld in your gowns, and lb proceed by your fuffrages to 
 "eleityour Confuis: and that every oneof youfliould thus fay to himfelf, lamtonominatea 
 'vCon.ul tomatch with General AnmlaK No longer f^nce, than this very year, when as before 
 ^'^C^.pna,Jiihc!liHsT,nirea. the bravelf horfeman and Cavalier of all the Campans defied theRo- 
 " mansjandchailenged them to light manto man, AfellusClatidms, the noblelf Knight of all the 
 "Romans, and belt nun at arms, was i.holentoencounter him. Intimespaff, againlfaGaul 
 ''that offered combat upon the bridgeover An-s- our ancefforj lent out Mardms-, acouragious, 
 "• refolute, and puifl'ant Champion. Neither can Ideny, but upon I'uch another occafion not ma- 
 " ny yeats after, the like trud was repofed in M, Vderins., who took arm<; like wife againH ano- 
 '' therGaul that challenged lingicfight. And even as we aredeilrousjSc wifli to have our foot and O' 
 *horlemen both, more valorous and hardy than ourenemies, orifthat willnotbe, at lea fl wife 
 "eqr. 11 unto them, and able tocountermatch them: even lb let us be carefull to find outaGene- 
 '• rail of our own comparable every way to the chief com.mander of our enemies. And when we 
 ^'bavechofcnthebelf warricrand Captain in the whole City,then prefently without any longer 
 *»dr:lay,beingeie6\ ?nd created for one whole year, heflvall be fent to matv.h with an old captain, 
 f-ithat hatli ever '■•nrinued in the field, one who is not enclofed within compafs of time, nor re- 
 «Mirained& gaged wiihin the flraight bounds oflaw,but that hemay order & manageevery.thing, 
 ,, according asthc oecafions and prefent occurrences of \7ar do require: whereas, bytb»t_(ime 
 
 that
 
 J he four andtrventkib BooJ\^ of T. Li vms. a , e 
 
 A " that we can make all ready and difpofe every thing in order,and fetinhand to begin our affairs, 
 "the year is come about and clean gone.Nowforaimuch a enough hath been laid, what manner 
 " of Coniuls ye ought to create: itremainethto.peaklc i.'whatof them, whom the prero^a- 
 *' tive Century To highly favoureth,and is fomui^h aftei^i..' unto. A for M,S.mjltpii RecriU^u he 
 " is the Flamin of Oitirtnits, whom neitherwemay take lom his mmidry of Sacrifii e, nor yet 
 *' retain and keep him (Hil, but we flial negled^ either the icruce ofthegods.or the due care and 
 ** regard of the wars . Oclacilns hath married my liHcrs daughter and h.ith fair iiiiu- b , her. Buc 
 " your favours and good turns fl:ie wed both to me, and alio tomyan. -.'Hors, arenotor lo fmdt 
 "account and reckoning, but that I ought to prefer the Common- vveal before all private re- 
 •^"gards and alliances whatfoever. Every mariner, yea^ and 'ny pafl'enger isabletofkerand rute 
 "a Ship in a calm water.' but when a bluHering temped is up, and the veliel tofteJ in a troubled 
 *' forging lea, and carried away with violent for. e of the windsthen there hadntcd toue a man 
 "indeed, and a skilfuil Pilot coht attbe Hern> and to guide the helm. We fail not now in a liiU 
 " andquiet (a : but we have beendren.bed and in a manner drowned , wiihfome (loims alrea- 
 '*dy rand therefore we ought to have ex.eeding great care and bewellad.iled atorehand,whorrt 
 " weha\e robe the lieers-man. Iii amatterof iefs conlequtnceand importance, we have made 
 '■^nh\\,OT,0l}.icilms^ ot your knowledge and iervice: aiidyou have not given us yet fooood 
 *' proof of your vertue and prowefs therein, that we fliould put youinirud wirh the manging 
 '*ot greater affairs. A Navy whtrcof yon were Admiral, we rigged and trimmed to your hands 
 C'' this yearforthreecau.es : firli,to annoy andfpoil thefea-coali of ^j/fr/f/:_:lecondly to defend 
 "and keep to our behoof the ports and havens of /f^/;:lalf of all, and above all. toempeach and 
 " f-!ay allfuppliesandnewfuccoursjtogether witn money munition; and viituall, for being tranf- 
 *' ported unto Atniialkom Carthage. If ORaaliu! have performed, I fay not ail t hefe things, 
 "but in any oneq'uit himfelf well, to the good and benefit of the State, Lied him Confui hard- 
 *'• ly^and good leave have you. But if it appear, that while you had the rule of the Armada, all 
 " things (that a man would have ) pafled out of the country unto A>i>.ib^l-, with as great fafety 
 *' and fecurity as if the/eas had been open and void of enemies: If, Ifay, thefea coaft of /r^// 
 " hath all this year been more in danger and fubjedt to fuffain harm,than that of j4jfrick, : whac 
 " realbn can you alledge, wherefore the people of Romt ihoMld choofe you abo\ e all others, ta 
 D " oppofe as Captain, to confront their enemy Anmbdl. If you were Conful in place already, vve 
 *' would judge it requifite and good to hommate and create a Didator, according to the exam- 
 "^ of onr forefathers : neithercoud you take fnuff or be offended, that there fhoud be founci 
 '•in the City oiRome abetter warrior^and more fufficient th^nyour felf. And furely itconcerneth 
 *'no man more than you, O On^acilius, to lee that there be not impoled a burden upon your 
 *'fhoulders under which you fhould fail and fall down right.Wherefore I advile and exhort you 
 *' all as much as poilibly I can,ineleding of Confuis this day to carry that mind and ufe thatcare- 
 *' full providence,as ye would, in cale ye were (landing armed in battel array ; and to choofe out: 
 **of hand two Gcnerall Captains under whbfe conduit and go\ernmentye fhould prefently 
 *' fight a field: and make choi e of fu<.h Confuis unto whom our children were to take the oath 
 E"of allegeance: at whofe commandment . they fhou d come and aflemble together, and under 
 " whofecha'^ge and protedion they might willingly '.'crveasfouldiers.Thepool ^hrafymeiHs^ibe 
 "p'ain before Ooj;,<c, areheavy examples for us to remember : but yet they ferve for good prece- 
 "dents unto us to teach us how toa^oid the likemif hiefanothertime.So the prerogative Cen- 
 tury ot the younger and ptiny k rt, was called again to a new fcruciny>and togive their voices a- 
 gain. Where..t when r .Otl.:cil/ns began tocry out aloud and fay very Itoutiy.chat F.ih/us his drift 
 was to continue Conful ft ill, .^nd t herewith grew to be clamorous and troublefome to the aflcm- 
 fcly: the Conful commanded theLidors to go unto him, and to lay hold upon him. And foral- 
 much as yet he had not entred intotheCity but came down Ur3ightw<iies into the A fan field pre- 
 fentlyfrcm his journf-y heputthem inmind thattheknitchesoftherod together with theaxes 
 I within them fliould be born before him. And in the mean time the prerogative Century began 
 afrefh to give their voices; and by it were nominated Confuis O. f.j/w/j yl/rf.v/»;«/ the fourth 
 time, and M. //.vrrW/wj the third time: and all the Centuries befides without any jarring and 
 variance ele fled the very lame. One of the former Prxtorslikewlle was chofen again namely j^. 
 Ttdvius Flaccus. Andothernew created, that isto fay, T.O^aaliu; Cr.jjf us thciecond time,.^ 
 P^^/wr the Conful his Ion. whoatthat time was.£dile of the chair and I'.C.omelr.is Lentnltis.ki- 
 ter the Eledion of the Prirors was ended and finifhed, there pafled an Ail and de ree of the Se- 
 »ate that O.Fuhim fhould extraordinarily have the charge of the City,3nd be Prxtor there: and 
 that he above all other, when the Corlfnls were gone forth to the wars fliould be Prefident and 
 Govemour ofthe City of Rome.Thcrz fellgreat rainand much inowthat year,whcreby the Til>er 
 Goverflowed the fields, overthrew many houfcs, and overwhelmed much catcel and people, foas 
 they utterly peri fhed, 
 
 Thus in the fifth year of the I'econd Punick war, Q. Fat-ins //«.v/w;./ the fourth timcand M. 
 CUuitus ;»i.:vff//«/ the third time.when they entred their Confulfiiip.fet the City on thinking and 
 mnfingof them more than ufually had been known. For in many years there had not been the 
 Ukctouple of Confuis. And old men would talk and fay, that even fo were Max. RftUnstind 
 P. DircwdeclarcdConfulsagainfttheGanlswar: and after them likewife, Pap^rriHs 2nd Carvi- 
 /wagaibft the Samnits and Brutii ; agabft the people alio of Z<«c/r«/^ and Tare»:nrK. Mar- 
 
 a Utti
 
 j^i5 '^ he four and nventieth Boo\o} T Xavius. 
 
 cellus wasLreatedConfulin his ablence, whiles he was with the Army abroad, andFa/^^tahangH 
 bimfelf prelent and uierJent of the Eleftion, was ordained to continue hiil in his Coniuldiip. 
 The o cahon of the 'time the nectffity and occurren e ofthe wars,and the periii and hazard of the 
 whole ftatewere .'iuh,as no man looked nearly into the example and pre edcnc to hnd fault with- 
 al .nor h.id the Consul in any jealouie of ambition and dehre ot rule: but rather every man com- 
 mended his nobleand haiity mind,who feeing that the Common-wealth hood in need of an ex- 
 cellent Cptain , and knowing himfelf without allquelfion to be tht man, made efs reckoning 
 and account ot the envy and ill wiiiof men, that thereby haply might ac, rue, thonofdie good 
 and profit of the Common-wealth. The fame day that the Confuls began their offi.c, they af- 
 fem 'led the Senators in the Capitoll: and the hrlf thing they did, was adeciee, that the Con- 1 
 ful';fliould either call lots, or agree together between themfelves, whether of them twofhouid 
 alTemble the people torthe e^eition of Cenfors before he fet forward to the army. After this,all 
 they had their authority prolonged and continued liill , who were empioyed ^ I road with the 
 forces; and their commiflions were renewed and fealed again, for toabidein thegovernmenc 
 of theirProvinres: to wit, T.Gracchmzt L»cfr/<ijWhere he abode with the army ofthe Volun- 
 taries '.C.Tcrcm:us Var; o'\n the Pi^ ene country : M,Pomj>o!tinsirsi\\&Vto\n<e.oi Gaul (on this 
 fide the Jlpf.) It was en..tted alio, that of thePrxtors ot the to mer year Q^ Mutiu' as Vi-C- 
 Prstor fliould eoi cm Surdr^i, i:i\Mt M. VA riusit Bnt^jdi^JtHai fliould coure the river, look to 
 thefea-coads, and ha\ean eye to all the aaempts andenterpriies of /'/'/.;> King ot the Ma edo- 
 mstts.P.Corn li.'-iS L«7f«/,.',f,ihe new Pritotvwas appointed to rule t^ieProvin eof ."iiah :and T, K 
 OB.-.ciliifs to be admiral of the fame Nav y , whi^h the year betore he had the charge of againlt the 
 Carth,aginians. 
 
 Many prodigious and ftrange hgns were reported that year and fo mu h the more as they were 
 beleevcd to be true ot the umpie and Irperltiuousloit ot people. Namely th«t within the h<ip- 
 pel of Sojpj.' Jpi o\n h-inttv^um the Ra.en-. builded their nehs.In Afi4ia ageen paim tree was 
 on a Ijoht fire. At M.mtHd^ pool maintained by the overflowing ot the ri.tr Mr.ic.Hs-, appeared 
 redwiihbloud. At C^./'/it raineddiaik and at iJowein the bealfs m,3rket it raintd bioud. Ina 
 viilage, called Iftncm afpringnnder thegroundjbr.ike out and yielded futh abundan e of w.iter, 
 ihatitoverturned,tumbied up .md down and carried awav ( a*; it had been thelircam ot a river) 
 divers veflels. as pipes tun« barrels and terces that were in the plave. The open and publike hall L 
 within the Capito the Temple of F^/^w in /J^^jrjtieid. a nut-ti;eein the Sabin? country: the 
 high lUeet, the wall, and agateatCfe, were a 1 blalled vvith itgbtfljng and fire from heaven. 
 Andbytbistime otuer mirai.iiiOu> and monitrous hgns were common/y, blown abroad to witf 
 that the I'pear ot Murs'm Prrnefle o\ its own accord,ltirred and moved torwaid : thatanoxe was 
 heard ipeakin S cd aj that the Intant wittiin themothcis womb, in the Marrucins country was 
 heard to cry lo frtftn phe. at Sptk nw,z woman tuttred to be a man. At H^idnathQie appeared an 
 Altar in the skie, and , ppaiiiions or iViews of mep diltovered about the lame, arraied in white. 
 At Ro;}!c alio within t e City was feen, now the (econd time, afwarrtj of Bees in the very market- 
 place : a thing w( ndr.d at "iCwaule it was rare and feldom known. Some there were alio, that a- 
 vouched; how they delcritd armed legions on the hid J :»/f«/«w;i Whereupon the City rofeupM 
 inarms and whenf ev were lome into the J >7tc/e„ they fa'd plainly thatthere were nonethere 
 appeared but the ordinary iiihabit. nts of the hill. Thefe prodigious fightsby direffion tromthe 
 Atufpitcs, [ /.c, theSootiif yer- ; were t:ipiate, and the gods pacified with greaterlacrifi.es : and 
 afolemnproceflion ind fuppawationwasproclaimed unto all the gods that were fliriLed itRonfty 
 and had their en. pp.l there. ^ ;,. 
 
 Atrer ail compierncnts performed, th.it belonged to the pacification ofthe gods, the Confuls 
 propoled unto the Senit < oncernin^ State-mafters and eipeciallyaboutthe managing ofthe watsi 
 Namely wnat forces flioiil'' be prepared, whn numbers of fouldiers levied, and where they 
 fliould bebeRovved feverall) And -igveed ic was Th t there fiiould be eighteen Legions emploied 
 in the wars, Whereof the Coniius were to tske unto them two apiece : the Provinces likewife of fi| 
 Gattl.Sic /rand hardinia fhou.dbe gujrdcd eaeh of them with other twain. Q^. F'.^/Hst'nt Lor4 
 Deputy of ylf'il a, wa« to have two Legions urder his hand to ommand theProviiue: and T. 
 Crdcchm other two of vOiUntarie^to keep the country about Lacerta: and C. TerentiHSlh^VtQ- 
 Conful,tohavethethargeof one inthe Piienecountry : and i^. f^7<^j«,f another, for theNavy ar 
 bcnit BruKdur'Hm: and lall of al', twain were left behind or t^'eguard and defence ofthe City o^ 
 /Jawe.For to make out thi.' lull number ot Legions lix of neitflity wrre ro<~>e levied new. And the 
 ConfulsvYCC appointed with allconvenienc i peed to ent'll them: 'nd ike wife to provide an Ar- 
 m.idathat year of i 5c Gallies,t02etber vvith thoie (hips, which rids lU^hc-river along the coafts: 
 of C-.l.byiA forthedefeneeof that Country. VVhen themueer w.is<Jojid -ind tbenew fhip"; baled 
 andfliot into fea, Q^Fabnis afemblcd the Centuries forthe eicitioHof .Cenfors : wherein weteQ 
 evened, A/,. ^ttthm Refulassnd P. Furius Philiis, . ., 
 
 The rumour (HI! encreafed that Stnlywz'^ out. and up in arms; Whereupon T. OEl^ic'Uu'vns 
 cotnmanded togothi herwith bis fleet.Andbecauie there wanted fji'ers.md mariner theCon-f 
 fuls, by verue ot a de ree ofthe Scnat pubiiflied an Edi ,That asmanyas in the mtic of /v. e^- 
 myliru. and C. Fl mr.utt: Cen ors, either themfelves or their fathers were .ifft fl, d in the Subfidy 
 bookfrom 50000 Aff.unto icooooingoods or who afterwards grew to that worth fhould^nd 
 onemarinerjand fix months pay. iiem^ Thatvvholbevervyere rated above looocoiuito 50 000 
 
 fliould 
 
 I
 
 The four andtipsntieth Bjjf^ of T. Livius. a]j 
 
 iLouldbecharged with three marrincrs.and one years pay.//f»),ThatwhorGever were valued in 
 the Cenlors book between 500000 and lOooocol'hoDid allow hvemarriners. //■f/w,That thole 
 above that proportion Ihouid let outleven.rtiid every Senat iTiou Id provide eight m,iriners;and 
 furnifli them with a whole years pay. According to this Edict, the mariners were let out well 
 armed and appointed by their Malters,and having with them aforchand meat drcC'd and fodden 
 to ferve them thirty daics,they were embarked. This is thefirft time that eve; the Roman Navy 
 wasfurnilTied with failersand mariners.at the proper charges of private Citizens. 
 
 Thisextraordinary preparation more than iifuail, terriHed the Campans moltof all other, for 
 p fear leli the Roaians would begin war that year with laying fiege loCapt^'. Therefore they dil- 
 patched Embailadors unto Aumbal^ reqneiiing him to come nc-arer unto CpK/i with his forces. 
 For whyr at /^awf there were new armies levied /or to affaii thai City: and the Romans were not 
 diLontented more with tlie revolt o' any than of ihcm.And forjlmu.h as thiimelVage was de- 
 livered infuth hafleand fear, v^»k//;,«' thinking it good tomakelpeed Jelt the Romans prevented 
 him.dillodged and removed from ^^p^anden.ampcd n^onT if, i a overO/'.v-'jin thefort,where 
 he kept of old. Then, leaving theNuniidians and Spaniardsbehiiid him bothrognard the Camp, 
 and alfo to defend Caputs he went dc^wn with the re1 of his arm y to the Lake Aver, «r,pretend- 
 inginlhew thereto facrifice, but in very deed toloimd and iolli it Puc-.l: and thcg.irrifon there 
 
 ■ for torebe.I./1/^.v/w«j- wasnofoonerad.ertized.that Ann-.b /was departed from Ar^i^znA'vn his 
 >^ return toC.v^pif^i^t ; but he journied night and day, and never (laid, untillhe was come again, 
 
 ■ and repaired to his army. And withail, he gave order and direeli on unto l'.Gr''cc!-'us-,w remove 
 with his power from Lficey-;a,ind todrawnearro F^e.^/ev^ra'/f- Ukewife unto ^F^z^/^r the Prae- 
 tor^ (who was the Conl'ul his ('on)to fupply the roomof(7'-. cc/ «jat Zvw.-v/^.Ai me fame time the 
 two Pritor^ took their journey .and went into SicUri P,Cor»e/ci<zo the army thereon land, and 
 OilariliHsio keep thefea-coaH:, and to be admiral otthe Navy : and the reil fpred them everyone 
 into their fevcral Provin.es. Vhey alfo who had their author. ty andgovernment continued ruled 
 the fame countries that they did bitore. 
 
 Whiles A-'inibalzhadz attheLake ylvsyntis^ there came unto him from Tireyi-nm^ five noble 
 young G€nilemen(Romar allociats)whichhad been taken pri;oners,!"cme at the pool Thr^ifytit- 
 
 Pj mis, others at Ca^r.a^ whom he had fent home in the fame manner of turtefie, as he had fliewed 
 everto ail the Allies of theRomans.Thefe Genrlemcn,!n remembran eof hisfavours and bene- 
 fits, made report vnto him, "• That they had perfwaded and induced a ^reat part of the youth of 
 *' Tarottum- to enterrain rather the amity and alliance of A»»tb.il^ than of the people of Rome : 
 "and for this intent they were fent Embafladors from them, to requeltin their name, thatic 
 " might plexe him to come nearer with his forces to Tarentitn2, Tor fay they, if they might but 
 " once 'be f om out of Caren'ttm his flandard and enfigns, and himfelt near encamped, the City 
 "would without delay be furrendred up into his hand-. For the younger people hadthecom- 
 " mons at their beck and commandment, and the commons ruled the whole (tateof T*rentum 
 " at their plc'afure.^^;=r//<j/ alter he had commended and thanked themjSnd withal! loaden them 
 with many fiir and great promifes, willed them to return home^ to halkn and let forward, and 
 effedf thefe intended dehgnments, faying, that he would be there in good and convenient time. 
 With thefe hopes the Tarentins took their leave, and departed. y^»>r;,'^/himfelf was wonderful- 
 ly dehroUi to beMaRcrof T^r^rw^w.He faw it was a noble City anda wealthy fea ted alfo by the 
 fea-fide, and a very commodiousPort, looking and lying toward MarrdoKia ■ and well he wift 
 that King PIvl p (\t he flaouid pafs over into /f ../vjfeeing the Roman ; were poffef/ed oi RruKdtsfi- 
 um) would arrive at this haven. When he had performed the Sacrihce for wlii.h he thither came, 
 and ("whiles he made his abode there) forraged all the Territory of Cvwfr even as far as the Cape 
 otthe Promontory Afifef?um '■ fuddenly he turned his army and mir.hed 10 l'ntedi{or to furprife 
 and give a camif do to the fort and garrifon there. There were f.x tboufind of them within the 
 town : and the pa: e not only by natural) ftuationllrong, bur alio fur.ly forrificdby indufiry of 
 
 *' man. ^.;WWhaving (laied there three dales, and aflaied the fort and the g.irriCon on every iide, 
 feeing he could not prevail norcffeft any thing, went forward from thence, and proceeded to the 
 vvallinj; ol the Territory o^ Naples, upon anger, rather than any hope gf gaining the City. The 
 Commons o\ JVy/a, who long time were difcontentcd with the Romans, and at deadly fewd 
 with their own Senators upon his coming into the territory and confines fo near unto them 
 began to ri:'e in a commotion. Whereupon there came Embaifadorsurto W«?r,'^^/,rcquirinohim 
 to advance to A/i/Z^upon affured promiie,that the town flvould be delivered into his hands. But 
 Marce!l:ts who was fent unto by the Nobles prevented this theirplot and defignment; and in one 
 day he reached ro Sufffula frf;m Cales-, not withltandim: he made !ome (lay to ferry over the river 
 Vulturni^s. And fo the next n'ght he fent into NoI.t. 6cco footmen, and 500 hoffe for to aid and 
 ^-"defend theScnat. AnJlikeas theConUilbeltiired him'.eifwith allfpeed anddi;i<-ence, to make 
 i ATij/./luretohim aforehand, fo v-/^.»;/Y!/contrariwiletemporized, beinrgnot fo ready now to cre- 
 dit the Nolans Us having twicebefore given thelike attempt,, and conopurpofe in the end, and 
 therefore he trifled out the timeand madefmall hafte. 
 
 At the fame time alfo Qj-'aitus tbe Conful came againi C.?/>A»«w which was kept by the <»ar- 
 lilon of the Carthaginians to fee if hecould furprife it. And to F^»<'»^»;}f«?»atonetime('asifthey 
 had been fo agreed) came on the onehde,W^«;;oirom the Brutii,witha great power of foot and 
 horfe; and on another hde,6>.ic-£-/'/« from Laceria: whoeotred the townfirft. From whence fo 
 
 foon
 
 The four and trpentiethBooJ\ofT,lAvius. 
 
 1 .^ _^ — ■ 
 
 loon as he he'afd'th'a't H.iKf^o lay encamped within three miles of the City, by the river Cdores-, \\ 
 and there vvalkd the Country, he himlell'ifiiied, and pitched his ttnts within a mile of the ene- 
 my; where heaflcmbled all hisfouldierstogetherjpurpofingtomakeafpdech unto them, He had 
 with him the Legions that conhHed moft of voluntaries, who already two years befote,had been 
 more willing to deferve their freedom inhlcnt mannerithan to chahcnge and demand it with 6- 
 pen mouth.Howbeit,he perceived when hedeparted out of the winter barbers, that they began 
 to murmur and grrmbleinchearmy when they marched:and to complain in this wife.WhatPlhal 
 we never ierveinthe quality and condition oH'reemen? Whereupon he had written unio theSe- 
 nat.ar.d fliewed unto themnot fo much what they de(ired,as what ihey defervcd to have: certi- 
 fying them^that unto that day they had done him good and valiant li^rvice : and wanted nothing I 
 fave only their freedom,but they might go for true and lawful fouldiers .Whereupon the Lords of 
 the Senathadput it unto hisdifcretion fortodoby them what bethought was espctliert forthe 
 Common-weal. Thereupon,beforethat he fiiould join battel! with the enemy, he pronounced 
 tbefe words before them all, and laid ; *' That now the time was come, of obtaining and acqui- a 
 " ring that liberty, which fo long they hoped after. For the ne>.t morrow they were to affront 
 " their enemies with banner diipiaied, and to f ght ina pl»in and open ground, where without 
 " fear of any ambufl-> the triall m.igut be made with meer (orceand true valour: VVhofoever there- 
 " fore can bring me the headofan cnennybim myplcafijre&will is,to make free immediat!y:and i 
 " who Iblofeth ground and retreatcth, him wiil I chaftiie as a bondilave ought to bepunillied, ^ 1 
 " Now every man hath his [late and condition lying in his own hards : and of your trecdom; K 
 " not only myfelfwill aflure ycjii, but icr further warrant ye have the allowance of /(;•'. /l<'^'«/fe , 
 " the Col'.and generally of all the LL.of the,Council,whoie ad^T'Ce I kmght.,and who committed * 'I 
 "unto my handstheorderingof your liberty. And withal! hercio' the Confuls letters, and the de- 
 tree of the Senat in that behalf. Whereat they fet up a mighty cry ^in tol^en ot their aliciu and ap- 
 'prcbation,and called for battel,and earneCily urged to givetneli^nal out ofhand/Thcn 6'>vj dm 
 having pronounced the next day forbattel.dii'mirfed the afiembiy. The fou.dicrsWcrj joyousc- 
 fpecially fuch as were to have their freedom in reward of one dales ferace,ai:d be.Unved the rc!t 
 of that day in making their armor and vveaponsready. The morrow nfrerJofoonas the't!ua>p;ts jl 
 beoan to found : tiiey were the frfl of all other that pre!cntcd themfc.vesbetore theCjtneral his " 
 pavilion, well appointed and ready to light: and by theUin ri hug Gr/:rr/;«.i led forth his men into L 
 the field in order of b.ntel.The enemies for their pares were nothing bthind,but for-vard to en- 
 counter them.They were in number leventeen thoufand ot footmen^raofl of rhem Btutii and Ln- 
 cans :ofhorremen, twelve hundred: among vvhoill there were very few Iralians, the red were in 
 manner ailNumidians ?nd Moors. The fight was Hiarp.and ccntiuiied longjand For four hours it 
 was not feen which fide had thebetter. No one thing elfe troubled the Romans more,than their 
 enemies heads,which were the prizes to redeem the fouldiers liberty. For as any had killed their 
 enemies lurtily,they were fain fiifl.with much ado.to cue off theirVie'ad'-,-,with!n the troublclome 
 pre'sand tumvlt.and fotolofe time :and after that by rea Ton that their right hands wcrecmploi- 
 ed md occupied with holding the fame heads. it fell out tcac the bell fouidiers gave over fighting, 
 and the feeble dartards and fearfull cowards only were to maintain the confliit.Which when the M 
 Marflials of the field and Colonels reported unto C.r: cchl'.i■_■^\^^. namely, that there was not a I'oul- 
 dicr of the enemies Handing that was wounded ana hurt any more: hut they that lay along were 
 hacked and hewed as it were by butchers : and that his own fou'dicrs iniiead oflwords, held 
 their enemies heads in their hands : hecomm.mded inall halle, thae uponafgna! gi\en^ thev 
 flionld flifig away their heads from thein, and charge afrefn upon the enemies. For their valour 
 andprowefs(faith he)was well enough fecn already, and evidently tcfiihed, and fo longasrhcy 
 werefo hardy men and bare thcmfelves fo manfully ibey flvould not need to doubt ofihciriiber' 
 ty.Then the conflid began to be renewed and vvithall the horlemen charged the enemies whom 
 the Numidians received with equall valour : infomuih as the fight of the Cavalry vva:^ as bravely 
 performed, as the other of the Infantry : whereupon once again the victory feemed doub[ful,toN | 
 which part it would encline: whiles inbodi holts the Generals reproached and debaled the ad- ' 
 verfe part. Gi\-icdius laid that the Brutii and Lucans were fo often vanquifned and lubdued by the 
 Roman anceRors : and //(W^-iflagain girded at iheRomans, cailingthem boncrtaves-. and fouidier."; 
 let loofe out ot prifon and houles of correction. At the laff, (.irjcchr.s declared aloud, and laid, 
 They were not to hope at alitor their liberty,unlers that day their enemies were difcomf ted and 
 puttoflight.This one word of his at length fet their bloud in fuch an heat that they railed afrefli 
 fliout & asiftheyhadbeencaft again in anew mould ^thcv charged upon the enemies fo violent- 
 ly that they coiild no longer be refilled and withftood.Firll,t hey that foughtin the vanpardofthe 
 Canhaginians were put out oforder; then they about their fiandards and enfign,;: aid laft of all, ■ 
 the wbolebattel was driven back and gave ground.Wherupon ihey fairly turned their backsjand Q < 
 fled fo lall one upon another into their Camp, in fuch tiear and fright, that notfo much as at the 
 very gates, Dor upon therampier, they (taid once, and turned again to make bead.- fo as thello- ' 
 mans following them hard at the heels into their camp as it were in one train pel-mel m.ade anew j 
 .skirmifli even within the rampier ottheirenemies. Where the fight was not focumberiome^by • ' 
 rcafon of the llreightncfs of the room wherein ihey were pent , but the maffacre and execution l 
 ^yvas.ascrueilandbloudy. The prifoners alio that wereamongtheenemies, in thisconfufcdcon- ; 
 fliiland tumult joyned themfelvesand (hick clofe together: and having caught Rp fome weapons, j 
 
 helped \
 
 The four andtnpentieth Bool^of T.Li vius. 4.1 ^ 
 
 A helped forw a rd the viitTory: and either chargingupon the backs of the Orrhsginians Hew them, 
 or elle hindred them intlicir flight and running away. So ofthat greit anr.y- there were not aj| 
 out two thouland (and the moU part ot them norlcmenjthat elcaped with tire GcncraJi himfelr; 
 alhhereli were either llain or takenpriloifcrs: and ot military enugns were carried :;way forty 
 lave twain.Ot the Victors there diedtalt upon twothoufand.All the ;"poii,but ci y theprilbners, 
 wa-'igrantcd to the louldiers. The cattell alio was referred, as many as within l lircy daies the 
 rigli^ owners eouid julily make tlaim unto for cheir own. When they wcr; returned l.iden v/uh 
 booties and pillage into the Camp there were :.lmoil 4000 ouhe voluntary louldiers, who had 
 fought but faintlyjand brakenotinto the Camp with the reli: wholorfear ofpunii'hmentfeixed 
 
 Ba little hill not farlrom the Camp and kept it for their ho d. But 1 lie morrow alter bein" let from 
 fhcn.c by the Colonel?, they repaired again to the camp,ar wr.i time as Gracchus had iummoned 
 his fouldiers to an aifembly.\Vherr,;lier that r he Pf o-Conful firii had rewarded his old louldiers 
 with military gifts, according to each one hisprowefs and good crvi.e in th.^t battell: chenas 
 concerning [he voluntaries, helaid thus mn.h. That hehadr.uhcr ihey were altcommendtd by 
 him good and bad, one with anotherthan ih.x one ol them that d.iy fliould talle of any punifli- 
 ment rand therefore he pronoun ed them ai! free in thenaaieof G'od,to theb|nef.t, happinefs^ 
 andfelidty, both of Common weil ardallo of themll-hes. Ac whi.h wordjthey lifted up their 
 voices aloud with ex:?eduig Lheerfulncl's and alacrity : andone while ihey Clipped and embraced 
 one another in their arm<;. with gratulacion and gret joy : another while a^un, they held their 
 
 C hands to w.ird heaven, wilhingandprjyingat thegods hands, allgood blelVing for thepeopleof 
 Rume and for (/r./cc/'.-wefpccially. '' TIjcd (quoth 6'r.<!<7c/»«/)Cefore that I had made you all alike, 
 " and cohaveequailpattin the right and priviledgc of Ireedom,! would not kt upcnany ofyou, 
 ''either the mark ofaHout and hardy I'oiildier, or the note of a faint-hearted and beafily co- 
 '' w^rd.But now that Ihaxcdikhargedmy felfofthetrulf committed unto me by theCommon- 
 '■• weal to tlie end, that all difference between prowelb & lowardile.. Diouid not he forgotten al- 
 ■•' together and perilli ; 1 will takeexprefs order, that the names of them. whole conlcient e accufed 
 *-thcm ot faint fighting, and avoiding the hazard of haitell, and therefore ere while withdrew 
 " t!)enrifehes apavtjbe brought unto me. And when they are tited and called lortlie^erv one by his 
 •■' name, I will compell themto take a corporall oath (quoth hejthat un:el's; it beupon fcknels.fo 
 
 P ''longasthey (hall continue in fouldiery.they neithet eat nor drink but Ihnding upon their teer. 
 '■ And this punifhment(I am furejyou will willingly take in good part :when ye it lal Lcnfider bet- 
 " ter of it, and fee that you could not have had aneafier note of diigrace and Ihamc for your falle 
 " hearts and llendorferi ice. Thenhe gavethe lign.ill to trufsup bagandb.-i'gage, and founded" 
 1 he remove, and lb diflodged: and thus thefouldiers carrying and driving berore them theirboo- 
 liesrall the way difporting themfelves 10 merily and jocund, returned to Be;uve>i<tim as if they had 
 come from fome great dinner.upon a folemn and feliival day,3ndnoc from fighting a biondy bat- 
 lell. All the people of Benevottumczvat forth ingreat numbers to m.eet them at the gates, wel- 
 comed the fouldiers. bad them joy,embra:ed them and \n\ ited them to their houfes-,to siive them 
 entertainment and lodging. The boords were fpread ine<. ery mans court-yard, and furniflied 
 
 E with (fore of viands: they willed them to come and make merry with them, and requefted Grac- 
 cbits to give his fouldiers leave to fealf and make good chear. And Gracchus was cont^nc/cut up- 
 onthis condition, that they Ihould allc.it their meals abroad in the open (Ircit. Then all chinos 
 were brought forth, and fee upon the tables at every mans door. The voluntaries took their re- 
 palf and refection either with their caps on their heads, oreife covered theircrown v\ith white 
 wooU, Ibmehttingjomelianding: waiting and ferving one another at the table, and eat their 
 mear,and fed with them together.This was fuch a worthy light and folcmnity that Gracchus after 
 he was returned to Rome, caufedche reprefentation and refemblance of the celebration of this 
 day,tobedrawnandportraied in colours and the picture to remain in the Temple of thcoddefs 
 Libert Yi which his father caufed to built in the mount ^w«.-/«f,of certain tines and forfeits. and 
 p afterwards there dedicated it. 
 
 Whiles thefe matters thus pa(Ted at Be-ieve;7tH:-K, Aftwbal having fpoiled and harried the ter- 
 ritory about M/fA-jj removed toward ATif/^i; and there encamped belorethetown. Whctn when 
 theConful underHood to be coming, he lent tor /"o^^jpoawtliePro-Priior, tosether withthac 
 rrmy whidi b.y encamped abo-.e above Jwc/f;//.! and provided totneet with the enemy, minding 
 prc'ently to bid him battel!. He lent out Cl-iudms Nero with the Hrength ot his horfemen i_n the 
 dead time ofthe night at a back gate, that was farthelt from rhe enemy, giving him in charge to 
 call about dofcly. and fetch a cotnpafs, and fair and foftly to tbllow theenemy, ashemarched: 
 and when he perceived the battell was begun, then to come forward, and let upon him behind 
 on his back. But whether it were ihnNcro milled ot the way, or hiving not time enough, could 
 
 G "otput this policy in execution, I know nor/n hisabl'en.c the armies joynedbatte',whereinCno 
 doubi)iheRomanshad the better hand. Howbeit, tor default that thehorfe'iien were not there 
 in duetime.the order of the diredUon tailed, and took not etfeif. And notwithflanding that 
 the enemies gave ground and retreated, yet A-fa-^cellusdurlt not follow hot upon them, but foun- 
 ded the retreat to his own men. being in a good way of vii^ory. Yet were there by report above 
 -oco of the enemies flain that day, but of Romans under 400. And about the fun let, jVero who 
 all the day and night pafl: had tired hor.'e and m-;n,ard done no good and now returned, without 
 fo much as a fight of the en£my,\vaslTtiarply rebuked ofthe Cof. infomuch, that he gave him this 
 
 O check
 
 42< 
 
 The four and twentieth Bool\ofT.LWms. 
 
 TbcclTtochoakhim, Thai it was long of him and none elte, that they tad not cried quittance H 
 with the enemv,ior the overthrow ScTols received at Ca»m. The day following Marcelliu came 
 down a-^ain into the f,eld,ready to give battel. But Ay,niUl,z% one that fecretly confefled himfelf 
 to be overcome held himlclt clofe within the arength.ot his Camp. And on the third diy.giving 
 o\ tr all hope to ^-ec AW^, <'an enterprlie that never fped well ) he departed in the liiU timeot the 
 rioht toward T.!^*«f«w, upon abetter and more affured hope to gam it by treai'on. 
 
 The civill affairs at Rowewcre. managed with no lefs courage at home, than the wars in the 
 field abro-d For the Ccnlorswhoby rcifon that the City treafure waxed low,wereeared of their 
 care cMstVin<^ out the publike works ot the City by the great: and having nothing elfe to do.em- 
 pioied themrdves in reformation of mens manners and chaaihng ci vices and enormities,which i 
 in unc uDon war : likeas mens bodies,whiJ, by long and lingringficknefs grown weak, ever and 
 anon breed new difeafes.And ht[\ they convcnted before them thofe Ciiizens,who after the bat- 
 tel atG!«>«^,were(by report;minded and dilpofed to leave the Common-weal,and to depart cue 
 of IcJy The rin"-lender of them all was L.CcciUtts A-utellw, who hapned then to be TrealUKr 
 of the city He,with the retl of tint true who were culpable in the lame crime ^were commanded 
 to make their anfwer,and plead their cau.es:but when they were not able to dear and quit them- 
 felves *theCenfolsai.irg,.;d ihem openly.thatthey had given out certain vvords,andmadefpeeches 
 a^^ainll the State,tcnding to a fedition and conspiracy, forto abandon /frf/r.Nextafcerthem were 
 ci°ed to appear yioieuinnin':^ and crafty compjnions abovelaid, who with their over-fubtill in- 
 terpretation and conluuing of words, would feem to avoid their oath: thofe captives, I mean, K 
 whobein^ontheirwayto /?w;f, camebacklecretly into the Camp ot Anmbal, andtookihem- 
 felves freJd and diCharged, becaufe they had fworn to return again. But thefe and the othersa- 
 fore rehear ed, as many as ierved upon the City horfes, had their horfes taken from them, were 
 difpbced'out or their Tribe, and condemned r.Ktolofe their voices, and to ferve without City 
 p'Y Neither were the Cenfors carefuJ to correa the Senat.and reform the degree of the Knights 
 oniy, but al o they proceeded torafe out of the publike checkroll of the younger Citizens, the 
 names of all thof; who for four yearsfpace had not ferved in wirs,as many,I lay ofthem,as could 
 not juii ly'plead and al edge,either ordinary imm.unity by law, or ficknefs for their excufc. And of 
 thefe werefoundj;uiky above looo: who were awarded to ht &,r(irli^ and all of them to be re- 
 moved cut of tbei'r trice. And belides this fliamefulldifgraceand note of ignominy awarded by l 
 ihcCen.or? there paffed a heavy decree of the Senatagaina them, to wit. That all they whom 
 the Cenfors had thus footed and noted .fliould be bound to ferve on foot in the wars, and be con- 
 t^ncci and f^nc over info S:cdj., to the refdue there of the army that rernained at CanKX. And no 
 ott.er tifne of feryke^ird warfare was limited unto this fort of the fouldiers, but until! theene- 
 
 my were driv en clean out of /f.i/r. r u u r^- • a r r a 
 
 VVi.iles toeCenfors-as i< afnriaid:Upon occahonthat the Cities ftock was fo decayed, gave o- 
 verand forbaretobnrC'infor the repairing and maintenance of the Churches and holy Temples, 
 and for the finclin^^^ndprovifionofchariot horfes for the State and fuch like; there reforied un- 
 to them a --'rear number of thofe that were wont at the fpear to take thefe bargains at their hands 
 by the '^reat, and for aorofsfum of money : who exhorted the Cenfors to deal in thofe matters w 
 ftill nnd'^co iet.kt, and enter into bargain with them, as if the City Chamber wanted no money: 
 making; this offer that none of them all would demand paiment out of the common Cheft, before 
 the wars were fully ended. 
 
 Then repaired unto the Cenfors the Maflers of thofe bondmen ,whom T.Sempronius had ma- 
 rrrrrriied and fetfree ix., Be?: event urn p^\\^%:,i'n&^ they were lent by theTriumvirSjOut of the office 
 of the Banker.^, called Meyifani-, for to receive again their monies, according as they prized and 
 valued iheirllaves:hovvbeit,thi.y would not, before the war was finifhed. And as the hems of 
 the Commons were thus favourably afteded, to fulhin and fupport the poverty of the treafure- 
 houfe ; fo theilo-ks ofmoneyaho that belonged hdl to Orphans, and afterwards to vvidows-.be- 
 oan now to be bellowed in the Chamber of the City: and they that prefented and brought in^, 
 fhofe moneysbeleeved alVuredly, that they could not lay them up more fureand fafe, than in the 
 publike credit'and fecuriry of the City. And whatfoever out of thefe liocks was disburfed and de- 
 fraisdjfor to buy and provide any thin« for the Orphans or widows aforefaid, the treafurers kept • 
 a hook theri;of,3nd noted it down in ;i regiller.This kindnels and benevolence of private perfons 
 unto their country,excended it felf from the City-.cven as far as to the Camp : infomuch,thatnei- 
 t.ber horfeman nor Centurion wouldi rake their wagcs,but rebuke and rate them, thatcould find io. 
 their hearts to receive their pay ter.mingihcm no better than mercenaries and hirelings. 
 
 Now (\ffih'u< the Confiil lay '.n Campbefore C<^/?/;>2«w, which City was kept with a garrifon 
 of twothoufard Cimp3ns,and f^iven hundred of y]««i^*i/his fou'diers. They hadfor theirCap- 
 tainandCommmder, oxMiS'attus Metitts, fent thither by Cu.Ma^tus Jttellanus; who for that q 
 year was * Mcch-iffnticMs o't'OtjKs.i. He put the bondllaves and Commons in arms, interming- 
 ... ^ ..,..,,- led one with another.for to ewer upon the Camp of the Romans,whiles theConful wasbufiein 
 LofiiMiior, a^ifniUini^ Ca^'iLmtm. Fduns was nothing ignorant of all thefe things, and therefore he fenc 
 unto .Vtf/^'i to his CoUegue there, fignifying unto him, that there was need of a fecondarmyto 
 make head asainrt the Carnpans, whiles the other was employed about the affault of CAfili- 
 mw : and teHing himbehdes, that either he muft himfelfcomein perfon, leaving a mean garri- 
 fon behind him at NoU ; or elfe if be might not b© [pared from thence, for fear of danger from 
 
 Annibal-, 
 
 I 
 
 ♦The head
 
 The four and trpentietb Boo\of TXivius. ^21 
 
 A Annibd^ he would fend tor T^Gracchvu the Pro-Conful/rom Bcmvc-Atnm. Upon this mcfTage, 
 y!/.r,-cf///yf having left in NoL\ a guard of tvvothoufand ibuldierSjVvith chercRofhis forceS; pre- 
 fencedhimlelf before C<^//;««w-" upon whofe coming, theCanipans Avho were ready to fee for- 
 ward, ftaid themfelves and were quiet. So both Confiils together jointly be<jan to alTaultC'./;//- 
 y.um : where the Roman fouldiers that ral"hly came under the walls received mudi hurt : and Fa- 
 l>i(is feeing little good done, judged it be't to furceafe and give over the entcrprife, being a fervice 
 of fmall confequence, and neverthelefs \ery dangerous •• and to depart from then, e, feeing there 
 was bufinefs toward of greater importance. But Aidrccllus concr.iriwi'.e was of opinion ar.d Uid, 
 that as there weremany things which great warriors were not to attempt : fo if they were once 
 
 B taken in hand and the ad venture given;they were not lightly to be given overwind iai^ ahde; for- 
 afmuch as in it lay matter of great conlequence, for hme and reputation^ both waies: and fo he 
 prcvailed^that the enterprife was not neglected and abandoned. Whereupon there were mani- 
 lets^and all other kinds offabricks and engines ot battery and .'.{limit, bent againii ihc City: !o as 
 the Campansbefoughtf<j^/»j-, that they might depart to C<j/)K^ipljfecy. And when fome few 
 were gone {oali^Marcellns poflelled himfcifof that 'g:te whe.ecut they wcr.t : ^ then they fell to 
 kill and Hay one with anotber.finl about the gate : and alter they had nifiicd oncein^they put to 
 like execution ihofcalfo within the City. Fifty there were or thcieabout of ilseCampansthac 
 firR got out of the town, and fled for mercy to Fi^bius : and tlicy by his guard and faie conduit 
 arrived at Capua. But fee C<«y';/;;;«//;, through the lingring (la-jkneis of the Inhabitants that craved 
 
 C proteflion wasfby advantage taken ofxheir long parley, .■'.nd temporizing) won by theenemieK. 
 Thecaptives,fo many as were either Campins, or An>ii!>. Ihh louldicrs, were ieut to ^o»i^, and 
 there clapt up fa(t in prifons.But themultitudeof thetownfmen wcrediliributed into fundry Ci- 
 tiesadjoyning.and there kept in ward. 
 
 At the very fame timethat the Confuls after their conqued, retired from ^afiii;;!i^-:, Gry.ccl:us 
 beingin the country of theLucans,and having gathered and enrolled ttrtain cohorts and com- 
 panies of fouldiers out of thofe parts, fent themoutaforr.igirg., under the tor.dudi of a Captain 
 ot AUies.intotbe territories of the enemies. //<!««!? cncousitrcd tbcin asihcy liragled infcattering 
 wife out of ordcr.and fet upon them, and paid liis enemies again with the iikedcYcat and lofs> or 
 not much kfs,th.in that whi.h he had receiv ed at Bc.ic-v(n:uru ■ and in gr^at halt withdrew him- 
 
 D fclf into the country of the BrtitHSoi fear Icll Gi:.icch/is fl'.ould o\ crtake him. 
 
 The Confiil .1f..'>x./,'//i returned back to jVi'/.-;, from whence hecamevand f.»Y2/<.f went forward 
 into S.min!um,\o fpoil and wade the country, and to recover by i'or.e of arms the Caies wb.icli 
 had revolted. The Samnits about Cd«^;««» were pit'ioufly and gricvoufly damnified : their villa- 
 ges in all places fet on fire, their fields laid wade anddeHroyed, and great booties both olcattel 
 and people driven away. Six towns forced by aliauk, namely, Co^.^/ffrz.;^, ' TihfiayCoJfa,McUy •■ji,^iffg- 
 luifuUyind Orbicanium. In the Lucans countrv, thetown of * ii/jW<£: andin >^;)a/;<i,the City * Mved'ru 
 * ^«r<c was affaulted. In thefe towns and Cities, there were taken prifoners and flain 25000 * CdZ/i/zc/i. 
 of the enemies: of fugitives and runnagate traitors there wererci-ovcred 570, whom the Con- 
 ful fent home again to Rome, and being thither come, they were all beaten and fcourged with 
 
 E rods in the Comitium-, and then pitched down headlong to the earth, from the rotk r^r/j«>, 
 Thefe exploits were atchieved by .^F<«i';«;, within the compaf; of a fewdaie.=;. ViWX. Marcellns 
 byoccafion thathelay fickat Nola^ was hindrcd from performing any feats of arms. The Prx- 
 tor likewife O. Ta'nm^ who had the charge and jurildiclion of the province about Utccr-.a. won , 
 
 by force about the fame timethe town ^Vc«.(, and fortified afhnding camp planted before y^r- 
 doncA, 
 
 Whiles the Romans were thus employed about thefe affair,'; in divers other places, Annibd 
 was come unto Tarentum, to the exceeding ^reat damage and detriment of all places where he 
 journeyed: but being once arrived intheterrltory ofT^re^jf-'i/w, he began to m.ir-h and lead 
 hisarmy moll peaceably. There hedid no harm at all, madeno ha. o.kj-:or once went out of the 
 
 p high way. And it was evidently feen^that all tliis was done not upon any modeltv that appeared 
 either in fouldier or Ciptain, but only to win unto him the hearts of the Tarentin?. But when 
 heapproachcd the walls of theC'ty, ardfaw nocommotion, nor infurrec^ion from thence up- 
 on the difcovery of his Vangu.ird; as he thought he fiiould, he pitched hi.s Camp almofl a mile 
 from ihetown. Now had MyiiUriHi^i\\^ Vice-Prxior, who was Admirall of the Fleet at Emn- 
 cbifium^ fent 7'. F'<?/ify;a^ his Lieutenant unto Tarcnitmi^ threedaies before that ^^'^/^.r/flicw- 
 cd himielf before the wals. He had muRred and enrolled the flower of the Nobilitv, and fo be- 
 llowed at every gate, and about the wallswhere need required, good guards for dct'ence: with 
 fuch vigilant diligence both day and night, that he gave no opportunity and advantage either to 
 the enemies to adventure any afl"au!t,or to the doubttulland untrully friends topradVice any trea- 
 
 Gfon.So Annibd^ having fpent there certain dales in vain, and fecingnone of them whorepaired 
 
 unto him at the Lake * Avem-is either to come themfelves, or to fend mcflenger or letters : and » i-at^o di Tr't. 
 perceiving now that he had radily and fooliflily tollowed vainpromilb,and fo wa.'^ deluded ; dif- ff^g"'** 
 lodged. and removed irom thence. And even then alfo he fp ired the territory of Tarentttm, and 
 did no hurt at all : and albeit his fained andcountcr;'e;t lenity and mi Idntfs hitherto took no ef- 
 lecl: yethehopeddillthereby to corrupt their faithfull alieageance to the Romans : andlbhe 
 went to 54/^p;.j. And (by reafon that midfummer waspafl, andhcliked well of that place for » 
 a winter harbour j he conveyed thither all the corn from out of the Jo.n'w.oi'jo'i Mct.ifo»ttim 
 
 O o 2 .; and
 
 T^X^ "^ I he four and twentieth Bool\of T- Li viiis. 
 
 and IJeradca. Then he fent or.t theNumldians and Moots, to fetch booties and prizes from o* n 
 'oftheSalencineconmry,and :ilthe woods and chafes next unto yj;)«/;d, from whence they drave 
 of other caitell fmalUlorc -.but othorfese'pecially they brought away great numbers, ot which 
 there were lour thoufand divided amongR the horlemen to be handled;, broken, and made 
 
 '^ TheRomansfecingthere washketo be war in Sicdj S^thc fame not lightly toberegarded :&: 
 that the death ot the"Tyr.mc there, rather gave the Syraculians good Captains.chan wrought any 
 change in their minds,or alteration in the caufe: afligned unto /J.M,ircellus',onc of the Confuls, 
 th^t rroiince to "ovcrn. Prcfentlyuponthemurder ot HierofiymnsSi^^i the fouldiers intheLe- 
 or.iincountrv, began to mutine and make an uprore, and boldly fpake and faid. That the Kings , 
 death flTOuld'bc expiate, nnd his obfeqnies folemnized withfacriticing thebloud ofconfpirators. 
 But afterguards, wheotiiey heard often iterated the fweetnameof liberty and freedom rePcored 
 unto them: and that there was good hope that the Ibuldiers fl-.ould have alargefs dealt amongft 
 thtm on!:oftbeKin:;r, Treafnre, and be under the command ofCaptains of better qualify, and ha» 
 vir.i' bcf.des all this,! bedroll rchearfed unto them of the Tyrant hiscruelty and foul fatts, and of 
 more filthy and loathfome lr.fi;s:iheir affettions were io altered that they fuli'ered the body of their 
 Kin'' to lie above g,round unburied, whom a little before, they fo greatly dehred and wiflied for. 
 Kow as concerniiiL; the confpirators, whiles the reft of them remained behind toafliireandpof- 
 fefic them.feive> of ^he army, Theodcrt'.f and Softs took the Kings horfes and rode poH, as hard as 
 ever they could to Sjracuf^., for to furprize upon a fudden all his followers and favourites (who j^ 
 knew norhin" of that which was done ) .md fall upon them at unawares: but they were preven- 
 ted not onlv bv the rune (which abo\e all other things in fuch cafes is moftfwift^ butalfobya 
 courricr one otKheKincs ferv.'ints. Whereupon W;raVfl;)»tf(^»r/« had leized beforehand of that pare 
 of theCitv whi-h is called theUland, together with the Cadle, and all other places that he could 
 tome at which wcrethorsht of any good importance ; and them he fortified with good guards. 
 • The Ciry of Jhccdcyus and SoTts being ni;red wiinm the City at * Hcx^'py/as after fun-fetting,in the twy light 
 5;;-,«tt/f wDs • and lluKtiri^m ofthe evening: and lliewing the Kings royall robes all embrued withbloud, and 
 dfvidcH iiir) (iig omamcntand attire iikcwift pf his head., hepatied through* T/i/c^t-and called aloud unto the 
 ^H^lJ'rlTn people to bght ail at once for their liberty. and to arm themfelv cs, -and v\illed them to repair into ! 
 cilTu''.'!i'yn " Acradi-rK The people fome of them ran out into the fireets, others flood in theirentries and ^ 
 and ;?;/n/j. porchcs.divcr? looked out at the windows from within their honres,ard asked what the matter 
 » la !.iii-,-ra.i- j^j„i.,j ^gj Evciy place fiione with tor.h and creflei-Ught, and was filled with ibndry garboils and 
 thnrs ^•-'ilf' '^ hurlyburiic'i.As m;ny as were in a!;in>; gathered together in the open places ofthe City:tho;e that 
 F^!'tm'l'.-mk wcreun:rmed,tcok down off the Tenip.e o^Jrp.dirr-'piti! the fpoils ofthe Gauls 3£ the Illyrians, 
 Tcmpie there which the people of i?^^*-? had given as a prelcnt toK.//.«-o,and which he fet aloft for a memori- 
 rtoot!. al!:priyin'^unto?.'p-.'r^ that he would vouchiafe them this gracious favour ; as tobefiow thofe 
 
 * /inh.-nd:':': fj^rcd weapons Cxharncfs upon them thatmeant to aim themfclvestherewith, for thedefenceof 
 ofotbcrr, ^^^._ ^,^.^j.,,j.y^ff,j. i\^^ rnaimemncecf the Churches and flirines ofthe gods,& for the recovery of 
 their libcrtv.This multitude alfo joyned with the corps dej^uards, thai in the principal quarters of 
 the Cit" were beGowedin places convenient. But ylndroiwdorfis amongfl other places that hefor- 
 tified madcfure alfo with (Irong^'Jards of armed men the pviblikc garners ofthe City within the ^ 
 Ifl-and. There was a plareencl'oled round about with four-fquare l^one,and built flrongly like a 
 fortrcfs ; this was poffefTed by the youth that had been appointed for to guard and defend that 
 quarter : and they fert meiTeng'crsinto AcraUra to fignine that thegarnersand the corn were 
 kcricbythcm tothe hchoofouhe Senar. And on the morrow at the break of dayjthcwholepeo- 
 pk as well airned as unarmcd,affembled together in ./i(rr^^.';7^,within the Palace. And there before 
 the altar o'iCo::cord'a whi-h in that place Hood eredlcd, one of the principal and chief Citizens, 
 ramed P-hr.cKs. made an Oration unto them ail, v^ith tranknefs of fpeech enough, tending unto 
 libcrcv and vet fcafored with<nodeRy & moderation in this wife:'- Men(quoth he;that have ex- 
 'p;r^:nccotfcrviiude and other indignities, fall to abhor thefame, anci their ttomacks rife a- .j. 
 " i'ainH them as known eviis.Bu: as fori-ivill difcord,what calamities Sc miferies it bringeth with 
 '' u-the Ci.izens oi'byrcicuf: have heard their fathers tell and not fecn and tafted themfelves.That 
 "ye have been fo ready to take up arms and weapons in hand I commend you for it: but I would 
 ■ "con von more thank, if ye uled them not,_ unlefs ye be driven theretoby extream. nece/Ttty. 
 " I-nr tberrc'cnc I hold it good, and miV counfel is, that Embaffad-^rs he fent unto Atidromdorus^ 
 "■ to in'im'atc unto him, yea. and ro require and charge him, to fubmlt himfclf unto the Senat and 
 "people and by them to be ordered : to let open the' gates ofthe Ifland, to put away from about 
 " himhisouard, arddf liver up the caflie andgarrifon. But in cafe he intend tinder the pretence 
 '• of bcin;;' guardian or trotcctor to the kingdom ot another, thereby to ufurp it to hisown ufe ; 
 *' hcmull be given to under(:3nd,by mine advice that we wil fcek to itcover our liberty out ofthe q 
 '■ hands of Jl::d--o»doy:i.'..morc fiercely and forcibly than from Hirronyn:tis.S.n6. fo prefently upon 
 this aflembly embiffadors were fent.Then the Senat went together and fat in Council: for,asdu- 
 rin'.; the raign of J-Tm-o, there was fet an ordinary publike Councill ot State : fo after his death 
 nnrorhat day, the Senator^ wereneithercaVeil together, northeiradvicetakn orfoughtiii any 
 matter. When the Embaffidors were come unto ^4 ?7<5(>-oW«r«/) and had delivered their mef- 
 f.i'^e fciewashim'clf(verilv ) for his ovvnpart moved with the general! confent of the Citizens; 
 bift efpc.ia'.hv' when he confidercdj that among other quarters of the City poffefledby thead- 
 
 verfc 
 
 A
 
 The four andtrdpemictb Lfool^of r.Livius. 
 
 ^ verfefidejtlut oneparc alfoofthe Iflandwh'Kh wastheHrongeft, wasbecraied (asit vvere)and 
 held ouc againft him.Bnt when the Embairadors called dill upon him to come foith.his w'litDe- 
 marata, daughter of King Hiero, puffed up Hill with the proud mind and naughty iiomack ct a 
 PrincejandfuUofthe vain humour andl'pirit ofa woman, put him oCtcntin esinmind ofaiayinc, 
 that Dfww the Tyrant had evermore in his mouth,name]y,"Thata manfhould notricfeonhorle- 
 " back to bedepofed from his royall dignity and eUate ofiyranny,but be led fair and ioftiy a foot- 
 -pace, and go to that as a bear to the (take. An eafiematcer('c;uoihflieJic is for one to yield and 
 "forgo the poffeflion ot high place and honour, and a thing that m,'.y bedonein theturtiingofan 
 " hand,whenfoever one will : but tocompafs and attain iheieto is aright h.>rd matter, and of all 
 
 B " other moll difficult.You were beft therfore toborrow fome relpit of time of the Hmbaffadors, 
 " forto take farther deliberation of this main point and in the mean while, to ufe the advantage 
 •'thereof, to fend tor theSouldiersoutot the Lcontin country : unto whom, no doubt.ifyou 
 " wouldpromifea reward out of the Princes treafure-yournali be Lord of a 1. This perillous un- 
 happy counfel of a woman Afidrtfnodorm neither defp'fed and rcjedicd •Ito^ethernoryet prefent- 
 ly accepted and embraced: fuppofing it a bettrrand fater courfe, if he mernt to aipire unto high 
 dignity and great puiflance, fortheprefent totemporiiteandgi.e place unto thene^edity of the 
 time. And therefore he willed them to carty back unto the Sen it this anfwer from him, That he 
 fubmitted himfelfjand would be ordered & fet down by the Stnatar.d thepeop'e. The morrow 
 after,fofoonas)t was day-light,becaufed the gates of the Ifiand tobc fetopen. ccOiewed himfelf 
 
 C in the market-place of v^cnrti/.'^^.-whcreheafiendedupunto the zii^z a'i Concord from whiJi the 
 day before, A'f?//??.'-;// had made a fpee>h unto the people. He began his Or;.tion with anexcufeof 
 his late coming and long ftay behind, and craved pardon the etore:a!leciging,"l hat be had kept The OrstJon 
 "the gates llnic, not becaufehe meant to feparatehis own affairs from the Staie,and not to tale .AAndiomda- 
 <■* fuchpartas the City took:but when Iwords were once drawn he feared what v7ouldbetheend '«<• 
 " and iflue of murders and maflacres, and whether men would (lay ti^eir hands, when there was 
 "afluranceof liberty effected (as being contented with the death only of the Tyran:)or whether, 
 ''as many as either inbloud ^nd kindred or in affinity and allianie, or in other offi.es orfervice, 
 " were toward the K. and his Court-fliould be counted culpable in the fault of another Jc fo like- 
 '» wife have their throats cut. For after that(quoth he)l undcrticod once,that they who had de- 
 
 D "livercd and fet free their country were minded and willing to fave & prcfcve it,th^senfranchi- 
 '•fed:and that there wasconfultirgon all hands indifferent lyjor the good of the lfate,lmade no 
 "longer doubt of thematterbut to yield both mine own perfon and alfo ail th-tc\er was under 
 "my hand(a5 committed unto me upontrult and fidelity)untomy nitive country: now that he, 
 "who put all into my hand, is through his- own lolly & outrage overthrown and brought to con- 
 " fufion.Then turning to the murderer^ of the tyrant,and by name calling unco Thecdor:^ and So- 
 '•'fis.A noble and memorable pieceofferuceye have already done,(quoth he)b'.it truft me truly, 
 " your glory in this behalf is begun only, and not throughly hniilied and performed : nay, a greac 
 ''danger is yet behind,unlefs ye fee to the generall concord .md unity ot all part?, that the com- 
 '^ mon liberty of the City,turn not into pride and infolency beyond ailmeafure. 
 
 E After this fpeech ended , he laid down the keys of the pates, and oftheKinostreafure, at their 
 feet.And fo for that day,when the people were dimiiTed from the nffembiyiVvich joy and mirth 
 they went in proceffion and fupplic.nion with their wives and children, roundabout all the 
 Churches & Chappels of their gods. The day folio wing, the folemn elcttion was held tor the crea- 
 tion of Praetors. And firif , before all o:iicrs, /l.jdynmdorMs was choicn, and the rcif for the moft 
 
 ^ partjthe very murderers ot the Tyrant, They elcited alio two that were abfent^to \y\t1S0pAter and 
 Deomencs. Who being advertized of all marters that pafied at Syr,:c(ffe, de.ivercd up the Kings 
 treafurc which lay in the Leoniin? country and was now brought unto SYrici^f^mo the hands 
 oftheTreafurers;who fortlie famepurpole were created. Likewifc that whiJ:i wa^inthe liland, 
 and in y^cr.idin^i-iV/^i^ committed over unco their culff.dy.That part alio of the wall, which divi- 
 Fded the Ifland from the rell ot the City. and was Inppoicd too Hrong a b.ir between wis by com- 
 mon confenc caR down and raled.And as their minds were thus aftcitedand enclincd to procure 
 and maintain liberty,fo all other matters fortcdiurable and followed atcer acco:ding!y. 
 
 H'ppvcr.ues and Efcides, when tidings came of the Tyrants death ( which Hippurates would 
 fainhavc had concealed ,and therefore flew themefl'engcr that brought news thereof) being for- 
 faken of the fouldiers, returned to SyracNf-r, fuppolmg f' r the prelent, that to be ihefateft 
 courfe thfy could take.Where,becaufe they would grow into no fulpicion.nor tobcneted'tofeek 
 for fome opportunity and occahon of change and akeration in the State, firfi they prefented 
 themfelvcs before the Prxtors and Governors of theCity, and fo by their mediation, they had 
 accel's to the Seiiat. They gave out, '•■ That they had been lent from .-iKnik-.l imio Hiernnynms 
 
 G ' as unto a friend and confederate, and had yielded obedience unto him, as they were willed by 
 '■ their ownGeneralland Commander. Now their delire was, to return again unio Jumbal. But 
 " t'orafmuch a? they might not travell in lafety, for the Roman forces, that ranged all over 
 " Sicdy, they craved a convoy and futficient guard to conduit them, as far as to Locri in Sicily : 
 "afluringthem, that by this fmall curteheand delcit of theirs, they iTiould re.ip great thanks of 
 "yi?j«!^.!/, and come into highfavour with him. The luit was foon obtained. For defirous they 
 " vvere,that thole Cavalies that uled tole.id theKing,and were e.xperc and skilful! belidesin war, 
 •■■ and therewith needy and audacious^fhould be tent away: but they made not lb goodfpeed to 
 
 O o 3 put
 
 '■'J" 
 
 I be fittr and wentteth Boo\ofT^lJmu$, 
 
 put this their dclire in execuiion,as they lliould have done. For in the mean feafon.thefe young \{< 
 and l«ftymnuallmen and '.\ichas e?verhadconverledvvith the foiildiers, went up and down.one 
 vVhile'to them, another whiles to the fugitive Grangers that were revoked, f who for the molt 
 p.ut werefailerj and fea men that camefromtheRomans)yea,and lotted themfehes wjth theba- 
 M and molt abjed perfons of the Commoners, fpreading tales, and whifpering into their eats 
 Uindry fnipitious matters of crime againlt the Senators and great men of the Nobility,taying, chat 
 they plotted and pradtifedcloreiy under hand nothing elfe, but that ^/-^c;*/., under a colour of 
 reconcillacion and accord, l"hould be reduced to the obedience of the Row. »r. and then, the hde 
 ar.dfait:ion and feme lew with ihem that are of couniell to renevif the affociation, might be 
 Lords,r.nd tyrannize over the rell.By this means there flocked multitudes, every daymorethan j 
 cthcr'to Spa:i'fa: <\hofeears weretickled, and itched (till to hear luchlurmiles, and wereapte- 
 nouoh I'ocive credit thereto. And they gave not only Hipp-zcnues und Epicidcs^ouc Andronodonts 
 alfo rood hope of an akcraiion,and a n;w wor^d.For he(being at length overcome with theim- 
 porumatefuizgeltions of his wife, who ever put into his head, That now was the only time to u- 
 lurp and cake upon him the rule of the State, whiles al! things weretroubled,and in acojnfufion, 
 upon iheir new and unknown liberty ; whiles the fouldiers were prefented in their way, to be 
 dealt wichal],:.nd daily maintained and ted out of the Kings Exchequer;and whiles thole captains 
 fent from AnWibaU by reafon of their acquaintan.e with the fouldiers, were prefent to fetfor- 
 word.and fattherhis defignments) firl^ therefore acquainted ThemiftiHs-, who had married Ge[o 
 hi? dau;"hter,wich his complot : and after a few daies (full unadv ifedly^ imparted his mind alfo, j^ 
 unto one Arijlo.zn A6torofTragedies,whom heufed aforetime to mak« privy unto his other fe- 
 crets This Jriflow^s wellborn, anddefccnded ofa worflvipfulhoufe, a maningood placeand of 
 hone'l reputation: and his prore!Tion(for among the Greeks it is reputed no m.uter of fbame to 
 play either in Ir.T-'edie? or Comedies jwas no blot either lo his birth, or difgrace to bis calling: 
 and therefore as ere who made more reckoningol bis duty to his country ^th^n of private friend- 
 fliip bewrayed & dilcloled all the treafon tnto the Prxtors.Who finding by good proofs and cer- 
 tain evidences ih.it this vv.is no forged and counterfeit inform Jtion, after conl'ultation had with 
 the Au-ients of the Counal,by iheir warrant and d:rc6tion, let a guard ofarmcd men aboutthe 
 door of the Senat Houfe, and fo loon as Thcwifinss and y}>idro?:ods;-:!s were entred in place, ilew 
 them outri^Aht. And when there began fome uprore upon this fa£t which in fliew feemed very j. 
 horrible arid hainous(elpecially to aiftbe reit that knew not the caule:)at length they appealed the 
 tumult and caufed filence, ard brought the informer into the Council Houfe, that had decefted 
 tr.e intended treafon: who declared all things orderly in particular : namely, that this confpiracy 
 was deviled and Iprung firll from the marriage ot Harmoyiia the daughter oi' (jelo, who was wed- 
 ded unco Tbe^yjift-'.'is ■ th;t divers auxiliary louldiers of Afi'ricans and Spaniards vyere appointed 
 and provided to mafl'acre the Prxtors, and otherprincipal Citizens : thattheir goods were pro- 
 mi: e J unto the murderers to be ranfacked and riried rchatbelides^there was a band of mercenary 
 fouldiers f fu.h as were wont to be at a be. k, and ready to execute the commandment of ^;;i^ro- 
 ) fet in areadine'stofeizethe Uland again, and keep it to hi? ufe. And when he had laid 
 
 '. . .. I -1 ii^" /, -_i 1 f-L-r II I .! 
 
 fwdoriis 
 
 eve:v thin" abroad in order, with ailcircumhances, v^hat the pra6tifes weie and by whom they- 
 were' to be°pcrformed and exeaued,and fliewed before their eyes molt plainly the whole con-fpi- ^^ 
 racy : &: nameiv,what perfons and what forces (hould have been err.ployed. Then the whole body 
 ofthe Scnic werehkewie \erhy perfvvadcd that tbcy haddelcrvcd fuch an end, and wereas jultly 
 murdered as IIuYc>3ynr.is.V>\n without the Councel-Houfe door the confufed multitude, compo- 
 fed of a'lfcrts of people vvho were doubtfull of the matter,and knew not what to make there- 
 of cried out. And albeit they menaced and threatned before the entry and porch of the Senat, 
 yet at the light of the dead bodice of the Confpirators. lying before their face, they were affrigh- 
 ted andioon huflit foas with creatfilence they followed the whole body oftheCommons to the 
 pub! ke place of aflem.bly.Unto vvhom,5op :fcr,by order from the Senat, and his fellow Prxtors, 
 was com.manded to m.ikeanOr.uion. ^ , v. i. - N 
 
 S'i'ji<.irh\i He began formally to inveigh againlt Ayidro>:odo'-KS5r\AThe>-,iiflius-, (as they that a:culemen 
 
 (fjcecli lOThe 3(; the v,.ir \ jrij ripped np their formcrlife pa(l,charging them with all the wicked decd.s and im- 
 P':opi;ois;t. p]oi,sr,as,commi[Ctdiin.e the death of Ihero: '- For what (quoth hej did //.•<?io«;'»;«.f, nay, 
 '■' • ■ ' ^- vvhatcould bedoof himfelf, fo long as he was but a child and (trip ing, and fcarcelycom.e all 
 '■• the while helived to have any hair on his face? His officers and guardians,were they that ruled 
 '■•a'l ard mmaged the kingdom at their p'cafures, but fo, as the blame and heavy load lay upon 
 " him. Who if tlicy had peri fl-icdeitherbefore//;>ro»;wMJ,orat leaf: wife together with him,they 
 ' had been but well enough len cd. But they, vvho long ago had deferved to die,andfor whom the 
 "galiows had already groned,ceafed not ffill after the death ofthecyrant, to devifeand plot new 
 "mi;chiefs one in the reck of another, Atthe firft,openly in the (ight ofthe worH, ,^;;^>ow^<j-„ 
 ''r.'/f by fliuitingthe gates ot the Ifland, entred by vvay of inheritance upon the kingdom, and 
 " foiiuht to leize'in his own right, and immediat heirnpparant, upon thofe things that beheld 
 '■'= under the Prinre,on;y during his ronage. Afterwards, being betrayed by them that were in the 
 " Uland, &; befje'-ed round abrnt by the whole City( which was poltefled fully ofthe Acrcdina) 
 "fccin'z that in vain he h. id attempted to be King by apert and open force; he fought means now 
 'to afpiretherctofecrctly, and by cunning fleighcs. Neither could he be fo much as reclaimed 
 "and won by any favours and honours done unco him : who beinghimfelfa traitortothe free- 
 " ■■' dom
 
 The four andtipentieth Boo\ of T. Li vius. ^^ «? 
 
 '■'■ dom of the ftatejWas notwithftanding advanced to be Pi«or;among other redemers of the ]i- 
 "berty of iheircountry. Butno marvel it was (quoth he)thatthel"emenvvere of this haughty 
 "fpirit, and longed to be Kings ; for they hd to their wives two princely dames, thedanohters, 
 " one of King /?/>'-o,ard the other of his fon Geh. 
 
 At thefe vvords,che people from all puts of the affembly began to cry out with one voice, that 
 neither of them both were worthy to live, nor any one ber;des ot the Kings (lock and linage 
 ought to remain iiponthefaceoltie earth. See the nature and dipoftion of the multitude; Ei- 
 ther they fervebafely, or rule proudly. Liberty.thatis the mean between, theyhave neither the 
 gskilltodefpife with reafon-or the grace-to entertain in meal'ure. Now, there wanted not(ye may 
 befure,asat all times elfe^readyinliruments and !lrebiands,to help forwardand kindle morean- 
 ger,fuch,as feeing the Commoners dillempered already, and bloudily minded of themlelves, put 
 them forward to murder and maflacre. As it appeared then ; Forimmediatly as thePritors put 
 up a bill,that all the Kings ftockfhould be rooted out, and the whole line utterly e:ainouirned: 
 before in mannerthac it was all read out and publifhed, it p;ilTed c!e.ir,and w:.s r/anted. And pre- 
 fently there weie lent out certain perfons from the Praetors, that murdered Danar^ta and Hwrmo' 
 nia the daughters ot King Hiero and Gdo^ihz two wives of AnironoiiorHs and Tber.vflim. Nov/ 
 there was another daughter ot Hiero.^ named Heraden^ wife to 5o/7p5«^,who having been fent as 
 Embafladorfrom H:eroinmHii\.o King Ptohmcm^'XWx. a life in voluntary exile,3nd lived not with 
 phis wife. She having an inkling given her aforehand, and knowing that the murderers were com- 
 ing aifo toward her,took her two daughters, \irgins: and togetner, with their hairloofehano-- 
 ing down their ilioulders;and in other moli poor array and ruful! habit able to have moved pity 
 andtompaffion,they were fled into a privat Oratory or Chappell unto their houfe-gods, to fave 
 themfelves. The mother feeing the murtherers fell to entreating ihem molf pitiouny,and recom- Tlie pitiful! 
 mended unto them the hte remembrance of her father Hiero. and her brother Gtlo : " Befeech- ""^^^^ °' «>»•»* 
 " ing them not to fuffer her (an innocent and guiltlefs perfon ) to fare the worle, and be punilLed ^'*'^''"* 
 " upon hatred th.it was born unto her nephew Hurcaymtis. As for me (quoth (he ) I reaped no 
 "good by his Reign and Kingdom, unlefs it werethebaniOiment and abfence of my husbjnd : 
 " and as by thelife of Hhrofijr/.us my forrune was not fo good as my dfiers; fo aftcrhe was mur- 
 p. " dred and dead,ray canfe is not lo bad,nor like unto hers. Moreover- and bcddcs incafe yl;:dro- 
 '■ yjodorus had effei>ed his def gnmcnts, my filter Oiould have been a Qijeeo, and reigned to'^ether 
 ■^^ with her husband .-bnt as for me, I mulf have been a fubjeft and fervant with tirere!}. Aoain 
 '' if there were-any meflcngets lent unto Suflppns.to report rlie death of Hisro-.iynins^ and the re- 
 *' (titution of Syracufe to liberty: who can make doubt, but that forthwith he would be embar- 
 "kcd and take the feas, and return again into his country ? But how miKh are menput befides 
 *' their hope, and deceived of their expecbtion? And who would ever have thou'.'httohavefeen 
 <■' in a treed flate his wife and children in danger to lofe their lives? For whereindo we hinder the 
 "common liberty, or the courfe of laws ? What danger can come to any perfon from us one de- 
 '• folate lone woman, and in manner a widdow, and two young maidens livings as Orphans fa- 
 "therlefs ? And if it be laid again that there was indeed no fear of hurt to be imagined from us; 
 ^''but only the Kings bloud and kindred was odious in the eyes of the people: Then, quoth ("he 
 " let us be .ent away far from Syracufe and Sicily, and confined over to yih.vayidria, the wife to 
 " her husband, the d.iughcers to their own father. But when they would neithcrgiveear to her 
 words. nor encline their hearts to pity andcompMTion: then becanfe (lie would not fpendlonfer 
 timcinvain ( fornowflie'aw lome of them drawing their fvVords forth ) five i^ave over all en- 
 treating for her felf, '■' andbefoughtiheminltantly fohegood yet, to the young lillygir'es, and 
 " fparc their lives, unto whom being of that age,even the very enemies in their heat of'an<^erfor- 
 '• baretootfer violence: and that feeing they were to be revenged o:' tyrants they would not play 
 
 ''the tyrants themlelves, and commit that wickednefs,which rhcy teemed to hate in others. A- Xfic a • li 
 
 midd thefe wordsthe murderers (fentfrom the Prxtors)pul!ed her forth of the inward and moft miirrierof La- 
 
 *^fecret place of the chappell and cut her throat: and when they had lb done, they afljilcdjndfell dyH,m/M 
 
 upon the the maidens. befprcnt with the bioud ot theirmother: who for forrow oflie.irc and fear ^'"^ ''crtwo 
 
 together bein? pall themfelves and out of their wits. and as it were in a furious fit of frenzv.ran '^'"e'"^."'. ^ 
 
 again(iihem,ar.dgot out of theChappe. I: minding, ifthey could ha\ccfcaped forthjand recove- ' ^ '^ ' 
 red the Rreet to fet the whole City on an uprore.And fo fliifced for themfelves poor wenches by 
 running to and fro within the houfe, ( whiih was not large andfpacious j that for a good while 
 they efcaped amongft the thickert offo many arm;d men, and oftentimes avoided their reaches 
 and caught no hurt :yea, and whenthey had caughthold ofihem-,notwi[h(landingthcy wereto 
 (druggie with fo many hands, and thofefo Hrong, yet they wound a^vay fromthcm alhuntiilat 
 length alter they had received many a wound;.ind filled every place with bloud.they fainted and 
 ^funkdown,and yielded up their innocent fpirits. This murder, no dout,was of it felfpitious; but 
 much more lamentable, by occafion of a prefent accident. For (Ir.iight after came a meflem'er 
 with exprefs commandment, tofpare the women, and not to kill them : forthatupona fudden 
 the hearts of the people relented, and en. lined to mercy. But when they heard there was fo quick 
 difpatch made of execution, that neither they had time to bethink themfelves and repent, nor 
 Ipace to cool upon their heat, tbeyfell pity and compjUlon into an extjeam fit of anger and cho- 
 ler.The multitude thereupon began to mutter and murmur and called to IjaveaneleAionofPrje- 
 tors in the room of Andronodorus and Thsmijitus (for they were both of them Praetors: ) which 
 
 new
 
 ^26 7 he four and mentiethBoo\of T.ViVms, 
 
 new eleftion was not like to tall out in the end to thegood liking and contentment of the other H 
 Praters in place.So a day was let down,and proclaimed for this election. At which time,it hap- 
 ned that beyond all mens expei\ation, one from the farthelf part ot the aflembly nominated Epi- 
 cides-- and then another from thence named Hippocrates. Aher which the fame voices came chick 
 and threefold tViU fo as it feemed the multitude would wholly go that way. The people there af- 
 fembledvvereacontufed fort intermingled, as well with a number of fouldiers, as of a company 
 ofCicizens and Commoners; yea. and many ot them were Grangers fugitive, fhufBed among, 
 fuchasrcitherthancheirlifedehrcdagener^it-efaangeandaitcration. ThePritors at firddiflem- 
 bled all, and would leem to take no knovv':ed<ie thereof : but thought it beR to put off the matter 
 10 a fanher day : yet overcome at ..u with the common accord andconfent of the people : and I 
 fearin'^ withalia mutiny and fed ;tion pronounced and declared the men aforenamed for Praetors. 
 Neither would they.at Hrlf hand lo fu'.n :!- they were created, let that abroach which was in their ' 
 mind and dehre to etf'edb notwitiJiandirgthcy were difpieafed and difcontented much,bothfor 
 that there had been Embafiadors difpaiched umo .^pp'u^ Claudius-) about a truce for ten daies : 
 and alfo when it was obtained,that there were others addrefledto treat tor therenewingof the 
 ancient league with the Romans. 
 
 At the fame time(>^f;.C/A-/ii'««f)the Roman Generalllay at ^>«r_f.i«f/<2with an Armada of lOo 
 bs.waitino there to hear what wasthe evert of the troubles which arofe upon the murder 
 j^rants : and howfar forth men would proceed upon this their new and unwonted liber- 
 Imuch about thofe dales, when as the Suacuhantmbalkdors were fent from Afpius unto K 
 J^<»^f://rfo- now comin^ into 5;(:///<«, M.jrcellw himleif alter he heard the conditions ot peace, 
 ^.houobt they would grow to fome good agreement and concluhon in the end : and therefore fenc 
 other EmbalTadors to 5)'r.^o//?, perionally to debate and confer in tbepreieni.e of the Prxcors, 
 concerning the renev\ing ot the League alorefaid. But by that time, they found not the City in 
 the I'ime quiet tune and peaceab.e Hate. For Hiffocrates and Epcids, alter news came that the 
 • Psuo Lvign. Carth-ginsanNavy wasarrivedand ridatauLhorunderthe bay of * Pachtyius^ conhdently, and 
 bardn.oi Cuba yvithout ail fear buzztd in tine ears One while of the mercenary I'ouidiers, another whiiC of the tu- m 
 P^i'ro. gitivctrutcrs many talieiurmifes againll theirbiethrenin Gffi e and namely, that they went a- 
 
 boitto betray Syr cufe to the Romans. But ./p^/Kj began to keep his Armada n anchor in the 
 very mouth of the luctj iihning to know what heart and hope they of the contrary fadionhad, L 
 to ef/cct that whi:h ibcv intend'ed.Muth credit was given (as it fliould feem)unto thole flanders 
 and lewd lU'ii^e: '.ions: iij'.omuih as at the firll the mnltirude ran to the waters fide in a great hur- 
 ry and lumutuous manner to hinder their landing,it haply they attempted it.Inihis troublefome 
 confuhonof ali things, it was thought good, that the people Ihould meet together to deliberate 
 what was baft tobe done. In which ailembly, whiles fome drew one way;Others haled and pulled 
 another way and wcff at the point to mutineand growto a fcdition, ^^ay/o^/^f/jOne ot the prin- 
 cipal! and chier Citizen? , made a fpeech tovery goodpurpoteforprefervation of thepubiike 
 The Oration peace,and thus he faid : ■• Never was there any City nearer , either to hope of affured lafety orto 
 afApoHomdeu " fearof utte dcllruction than this of ours at this prefent. For ifall would go one way together, 
 cotbf people <' and with one accord either encline to the Romans, or bend to the Carthaginians, there were M 
 oiSfiacufe. <' not a City undcf the cope of heaven, whole Hate were more happy and fortunate than ours, 
 '• But incafe vvedediitra6fed, and the Common-weal go divers waics,ihcre would not be more 
 " biiter and cruell war between the Syracufians and the Romans, than among the Syracufians 
 " themfehes : when within one and the lame walls, there ("hou^d be banding one againli another, 
 ''and each I'.de haie their forces,their armor .and t heir Cr Captains of their own. And therefore 
 " we oui'ju of .ill hands to endeavour what we can^that all may be ot one mind and draw in the 
 " fame line. As for the main point now inquellion, Whether lociety and alliance be the better 
 '' and more com.mod;ous, theRomsn; or theCarth.iginian-, is a matterof far lels moment and 
 " importance than to be conihltcd and I'udicd long upon. Howbeit,inchoofing our friends and 
 •'• allies, we are to be dircifcd by the anthority and nil of Hieo. rather than ot Htero-ziymus : and N 
 " topreferth.-.tamity which we ha-.e tried for fifty ye.irs in much felicity, above a friend lliip for 
 '' t'neprclcnt unkr.own,and fometime heref^fore found unfaiihfull. It maketh fomewhat alfo, to 
 " re.olve upon this couvfe; that incafe we fliould deny peaceand af;i.mceto the Carthaginians, 
 '^ we need notprefencly go to war with them .• but with the Romans wemuft out of hand make 
 " account either of peace or efe of hoc wars. This fpeech of his the lefs that it favoured of iaiVi- 
 onspirtiaiity .-"nd affec"tion,themoreauthority andlway it carried with it. And bef.des the deli- 
 beration of the Prstors and choice Senators. the advice aUo of themirtialimenwere taken. And 
 therefore the Captains of all their own enligns and companies.yea,and thcgreat Commanders of 
 the auxiliary forces of their allies were willing to lit in Council together with them. Whenthe 
 matter h.id been often debated,ard much contention and hot words pafled between, at the iaft, o 
 bci.iUiC there appei red no colourable realbn orcaufeto make war with theRomans.they agreed 
 , that a peace fliould beconcluded, and that together with their Embafladors, there fliould beo- 
 
 thers a.fnfrom them to rat ifie and confirm the thing. 
 
 Therep -iVed not many d.ues between, when out of theLeontinscoimtry there arrived cer- 
 oin Oators. to crave help and fuccour for rhe guard and defence ot their marches. ThisEm- 
 bafl'S^e feemed to come very fitly and in good time, for to exonerate and rid the City of the un- 
 ruly and dil'ordered multitude, Sclikewife to fend out of the way their Captains and ringleaders. 
 
 So
 
 The four andtmentieth Boo\ of T.Livius. 42.7 
 
 So Hipforrates the Prxtor was commanded to lead thither the fugitive ftronger.?. Many alio of 
 the mercenary fouldiersjthat were waged to help them in their wars;accompanied them rfo as in 
 all, the number amounted to four thoufand. Thisexpedition and journey contented greatly as 
 well the lenders and fetters of it out,3s alfo the parties themfelvcs that were fent forth. For thefe 
 of the one iidehad a good occalion and opportunity now offered them, to contrive achangein 
 Stare(theonIy thing that fo long they had dehred)andthofe of the other, were right glad, that 
 the hnk(as it were)ol the City was now well Loured and voided away. Bat this was like the pal- 
 liative cure ofafore,and a lightning for theprefcnt ofa Tick body : whereby it might foon after by 
 D rclapfe fall back, as it were, into a rci;idive, and a worfe dilea'c and more dangerous than the o- 
 thcr. For H.'ppocr.u^s began at liril to make rodes by ftealth into the coni^nes bordering upon the 
 Roman Pro\ince,and thereto walle & fpoihafterwards when^i^p-w had fcnt a power of men to 
 defend the frontiers of his confedcrats, he charged withhis whole povver upon that guard that 
 was oppofed again(lhim,andflew many of them. Whereof, when MflrccHw wasadverti2ed,hc 
 chfpatched Embafiadors incontinently to S;>'r^c»/f;to charge them withthebreach of peace : and 
 toguc them tounderrtand, that there would never be wanting fomeoccafion or ocherofquar- 
 rell and war, un'efi Hipp crates and Ep:cidcs were removed, and fcnt f;r enough out of the wa y, 
 
 P i.-.iL,v^i cc ivaijtiu- lullu^ part, mtherAihngor new war; went 'umleli alio mperk 
 Leontins country : and feeing them there for vv<Trd enough o\ themfv-'lves, ard provoked already 
 againii the Romans,began alfo to alien.ne ;^ifci turn their hearts from Syracuff. For in thefe terms 
 he fuggelfed and informed againR theSyracuuans : nam.ely', '■' how theyhad capitulated with the 
 "Roman^^ that all the Cities and Nations whi.h were under che King^, fhould bcfubjeciiunto 
 "them and within their jurifdiftion: fo asnoiV they cannot be content (quoth he^with their li- 
 " berry, unlefs they rule alfo like Lords and Kings. I would avife and counfell you therefore, to 
 'Tend word unto them and give them to underlland, that the Leonrins iikcwife deem itgood 
 ' reafon.that they fhould themfehes be tree: in regard ether that the tyrant was killed within the 
 • ground otthtir City,or becaufe the firlf alarm for liberty began there. For they leaving and a- 
 
 Pj ''• bandoning the Captains there that followed the King ran at once from thence ro Syr^icrf-. And 
 " therefore they are(faith hejcorafethat aforefnid artide out of ihe infirnment of t!}e covenants> 
 " or not ro accept at all of peace with that condition. Soon were the multitude perfiv.?.ded here- 
 unto. And therefore when the EmbafladorsoftheSyracufians came to theLeoniins both to make 
 complaint for killing of the Roman Corps de tTu.irdznd aifo to command peremptorily, that Hippo- 
 rrir.tesivA Ep'fcides lliouid depart either to Locr/, or to what otherplace they would rather chufe, 
 fo they went their waies and voided dean out of S.-c/// •• they returned unto them this (tout an- 
 fwer again : that neither the Syracufians had any commiffion and warrant from them, to make 
 peace with the Romans in their name, neither would they be tied and obliged to any confedera- 
 cy made by others than their own felves. Thisanfwer the Syracufians made report of to theRo- 
 
 P mans, and faid plainly, '' That the Leontins were not under their jurifdiclion, to be ordered and 
 -' cenl'ured by them : and therefore, any thing comprifed in theleague with them notwithHand- 
 '" ing the Romans might war againft them without breach ofany covenant : and in that war they 
 "would not for their parts tail [hem,but do their beft-upon condition ,that when they were once 
 "fubdued, they might be reduced again undertheir obedience, according to thecovcnantcom- 
 prehended in rhe League. Whereupon A'!arce!!Hs with his whole power went forth againft the 
 Leontins, and fent for J.pp'us^Mo, to aff.'.il them on the other fide: and fohot vverehisfoul- 
 diers inthis fervice, and bare themfelvcs fo refoUuc,tor anger ch.utheguard was flain, during the 
 time that there was treatj' of peace between that at the very firif aflault they won the Cky. Hip- 
 pocrates znd Epicides^^kzr they law the vvals f,;aled ^nd the gates of the City broken open,betook 
 themfehes for their fafety, with fome few into the Ca(l!e, from whence by night they made a fe- 
 
 *'cFct efcapc,and fied to H-rbef-is. 
 
 As the Syracufinns marched rom home with a power of eight thoufand armed men, and were 
 comeforward,as farasto theiiver /i/y/.-;.they met with ameffcnger,who told them thattheCi- 
 tv Lcontirim was forced. They reported other news befides, as well lies as truths, one with ano- 
 ther, namely, that townfmen and fouldiers indifferently without refpcil were put to thefvvord ; 
 that he thought verily there was not left one alive of fourteen years of'age and upward; that the 
 City was put to the fack.and all the rich mens goods wcregiven away.At this lb fearful and hor- 
 rible news,the army ihiid and went nottbrwaid. And when they all were greatly troubled, their 
 Leaders So/7.f and D !ome»esyCon'i\Aicd what to do. This loud lie arofe not upon nothing.but was 
 occafioned by miftaking of a matter.For there were fcourged and beheaded of fugitive traitors, to 
 
 *^ the number of two thoufand. But of Leontins and other fnuldiers, there was not one hurt after 
 thcCity was lofl. And every man had all his own goods reflored unto him again: laving that on- 
 ly which in the fir(f hurlyburly ofaCitynevvly won hapncd tomifcarryand perifli. Kowbeit up- 
 on thi.sliare report, they neither coiiid be induced ro go forward to the Leontins, complaining 
 and grieving that their fellow fouldiers were lb betrayed and murdered nor yet ro abide there flill 
 for to expeft and hearmore certain tidings. The Prxtors perceiving their minds difpofed to re- 
 volt, and yet hoping that this mucinous fit oftheirs would not continue long, in cafe the Captains 
 ahd heads oi their fury and folly were once tid out of the way led the army to Mcgara: and went 
 
 therh-
 
 AzS / 7he four and nventietbBoo}\of T»hiVius, 
 
 theaifelvesinperfonwith a few hortemen toward fiV/f//«, hoping to gain the City by treafon,H 
 whiles they all there were aftrighted.But keingihat entevprile would not prevail.they minded to 
 ul'e forcible means.The morrow atcer they diflodged and railed their Camp from .^/ef ar j.^purpo- 
 fiT)o with all their forces to aflail Herbefiti. Hippocr.-.ics and £p;t7i^f/ruppohng this to be the only 
 way' for them, although at the firft f.ght not the fafe{t,(conhdering all hopes befides were cut off ) 
 namely,to put themfelves into the hands of the fouldiersjvvho were tor the molt part acquainted 
 withihcm, and befides, upon the bruit of the execution and mafl'acre of theirte.low fouldiers, 
 throughly ibafed, went out to meet the army. The formortenfigns in the forefront, hapned to 
 coni-tt oUhofe hx hundred Creteofians, who in the wars of HieroajwushAd ferved underthem, 
 and receii ed a favour and benefit at Anml al his hands.For beingtaken prifoners at Thr-^fymentss^ I 
 amon^ other auxiliaries that came to aid the Romans, they were fet at large and lent away with- 
 out ranlom. Whom when Hippocrates and Epicides knew by their colours, habit^and lafliion of 
 their armour, they held out branches of oives and odier vails and tokens of fuppliantSjbefeeching 
 them humbly to receive them, and being once received, to vouchfafe to protedi: them >and not to 
 deliver them.imo the hands otiheSyracufians: by whom they fliouldfoon be yielded unto the Jk 
 peopleof ^o»jf,fortobemurdredandcutinpeeces.At ihisihey all cryed aloud with one voice, I 
 and willed them to be of good cheat, for they fhouldfareno worfe than their ownfelves. Upon ■ 
 this communication the eiihgns Haid,and the army flood iHll and marched not forward : butthe 9 
 generalKaptains wilt not as yet what the caufe might be of this ftay.Afcer the rumour was fpread " 
 that Hippocrates and Epicides were come, and that all the hoft throughout by a generallapplaufe K 
 ieemed to like well of their coming: thePrjetors in.ftntinently I'etlpursto horle, and rode for- 
 ward apace to the fore'ront of the vangu<'.rd;,demand':ng ot the Cretenfians, what, manner and fa- 
 fliion this was of theirs? andhowiheydurft befo bold, as to pari and talk with enemies? and 
 withoudicenfeof theirPraetors to entertain them within theircompanies ? And herewith they 
 oaveccmmandment, that H.-ppawv^c/fliOuld be apprehended and bound lure with chains. Ac 
 which word theCretenliansletupfuchacry, and the re(f fo anfweredicsgain with the like, that 
 it was well leen, in cafe they had proceeded forward as they began, they fliould have incurred 
 themfelvc: no fmal danger. And thus in great perpicxityjand lear of their own lives, they comman- 
 ded to unn enhgns, and retire unto /i/tf;/rrt, from whence they came J anddifpatched meU'en- 
 f ers preftntly to Syri:cu[e-;(.o fignilie in what terras fhey liood. Hrppocrates\Qt\r,o the louldicrs gi-. L 
 ven to befuipitious and ready lobeieeveevery thing,deviled a cunning fliifcbeiidesjifl this man- 
 ner. After he hrd fent out certain of the Cretenfians to befet the waie^ between them and Syra- ji 
 ciife, he pretended that they had intercepted lomeleciers from thence, which he read unto the '■ 
 foiildier>,and were indeed framed and indited by himfeif.The tenor of the letters ran in this form: I 
 " The Prxtors of Syrc^cnfe to M.M,ircdltis their friend.greeting. After thefe falutations andcom- ''^ 
 "mendations premifed, as the manner is it followed written thus: you havedone well and or- 
 " deriy in Iparing none at all of the Leontins.Biit all othermercenary fouldiers behdes are in the 
 *'lame Predi,Mirient: neither will Syracufc be ever J a quiet folongasanyforraln aid be either in 
 •• the City,or in your army. And therefore our adv ice and counlell is,that you would endeavour 
 " to retdicm into yourhands., who with our Praetors are encamped before ^-/f^<jr<!, and by exe- M 
 " cutionot them to deliver and fee Syracujekee. in the end. 
 
 Thecomentsof theie letters were not fofoon lead, but with fuch an outcry and alarm they 
 ran to their weapons on ah hands, that thePrartors amidll thisgarboil were fain to ride away as 
 faflas they could gallop toward Syracafe. Bnt although they werefled, the mutiny neverthelefs 
 continued and was not appeafed: for the fouldiers fell upon the Syracufwns that were in the camp 
 amont'H them and they had all drank of the fame cup, and not oneefcaped , biu that Ep/c/i:.' and 
 J//j)3tf?r.irr.t came between, and oppofcd themfelves againft the multitude in this their furious 
 raoe not upon any pitiful! compafHon thatwas in them, or regard ofcommon humanity > butbc- 
 caufe rhcy wouldV.ot cut themfelves from all hope of return : and befides,they were not only dc- 
 hrous to have the louldicrs themfelves aftedlionate unto them and taithfull, and withall inllcad N 
 of hoflaccs : but alfo purpofed, by this fo great defcrt, firll to gain and win unto them thekinf- 
 folk and friends of thole louldiers,and afterwards to oblige and bind them falf by fo good a pawn 
 andgagc,rcmaining flill among them. And having good experience, with how fmaij apuffandgale 
 of vvind the common people lurneth ecery way-they fuborned a fouldier, one of ihcm whoyvas 
 befieged within the City of Ltontium^ to carry news to Syraciifc, futing with thole falfe tidings 
 that were reported at the river .^;/.^: yea,and to aver the fame confidently upon his own know- 
 ledge, and tellthings that were doubtfull, as if ihcy were moft certain, and by himlelf feenand 
 known: thtieby todir up men to anger and indignation. This fellow was not only credited of 
 the common multitude bnt alfo being brought into the Counal-Houfe, he greatly moved the 
 Senat : i:fomucn as fome of them, more light of beliele than others, gave it put openly and faid, o 
 '« That it was happy-.that the avarice and cruelty o!" the Romans was thus difcoyered among the 
 '^ Leon'in?. And god blcfs us from them here. For if they fet foot once within ^■yracnfs-. they 
 " would commit the like ourrages, yea, and worfe too a great deal, and more horrible ; as they 
 ♦ flionld find there greater matter to work upon, nndtofatisfie their covetous and greedy appe- 
 " tire to the A;ll. Whereupon they agreed In gencrall, to fliut the gates, and to fland upon their 
 guard, and defend theCity.But ihevali feared not alike,nor hated the fame perfons. Forthemar- 
 riallmen in a manner every one.and a great part of the common people abhorred the name of the 
 ' \ Romans :
 
 J be four andtn^entieth Booh^ of T.Livius. 4^0 
 
 A 
 
 Ramans nhe Pra:tors,and fomefew of the principal Citizens, albeit they were in the huff, and 
 
 poflefTed with the falfe report aforef<)id, yet they had more regard to providetoramifthief that 
 was more imminent and near,and ready prefenciy to fall upon their he.id5. And now by this time 
 Hippncrates and Ev.ctdes were come before He.xapylos. Within the City the kinsfolk and friends 
 ofthofc Citizens which were in the army,drew together in conventides,conferred among thcm- 
 felves to fet the gates open.and agreed to havethecommoncountry of them all, to be defended 
 again(} the violence ot' the Romans. Now,when one only wicket ofHcx.ipylos was opened,and 
 they re^dy to enter in thereat,thePrxtors came uponthcin in the manner, Ard fir(t they com- 
 p mandcd by word of moiuh;and threatned them ; after that^by vertne oi their place and autho- 
 rity,they feemed to fright and terrific them : and hit of all,feeing nochingcould prevail, forget-' 
 ting their own dignity and majeRyof their calling, they fell to pray andentreac them not to be- 
 tray th sir country to thole, who aforetime were the inllruments and fnppolls of the Tyrant, 
 and now thccorrnptersof the army. But lb deaf ear gave nl: the multitude in this their rage and 
 furious fit linto the Pra:tors,Jhat they within-, as well as wichoiit, ftt their hard, to, by all forci- 
 ble means, tobiirli downchegat^es, ardfo when they were all broken open, the army was let in 
 fafe,and received within the Hexa^ylo:. The Prxtors iled for refuge wi^li the yoinh and ikength 
 of the Citizens into Acraci-.na. The mercenaries,ihe fugicives, and all the fouidiers that were lef*^ 
 in Syracufa (of them who ferved the King) joyncd to the army. and augmented their forces. And 
 P (o Acrad'71.1 alfo was upon the firft affaiil: won. Ali thePrxtors,biitthofe that efciped by flight, 
 and fa led themfelvei in them id(l of this hurry, were llain rand the night coming upon them,(taid 
 the m,a(ficre,Theday fotiovvingjillbondflaves werccal'ed to receive thecap,and madefree:the 
 prifons were let open ind thepriibners let go at large. And this confiifed rabb:eand multitude of 
 all lortscreated Hippocrates snd Epi^idcsVcxiozs. And thus 5v*-^«p, having tor a fhort time li- 
 berty iliining favourably upon it.tell again into her old iervitude. 
 
 Whennewshereofcamcto the Rom-ins,in;ontinently they dillodoed andremo.ed the camp 
 from Lco-/itittr.7^zTiA marched direiUy towards Syr^^cufe. It hapned the fame time that the Embal- 
 fadors lent from Appius by the way of the haven, were embarked in a g.iileace of Hve banks of 
 oars : but another galley of four banks which wasfent b..'fore, was not lb foon en red into the 
 P^ mouth of the harbour,but it was taken: and theEmban3dorshirJ!y,and with much adoefcaped 
 intheothcr.Andnowthe world there was grown to this pafs,that no laws o: peace, no:nor fo 
 much as the very laws of arms were obfervedjbuc brokcnclean :r.t what time asthe Roman it- 
 my lay incampa mile and an half from the Ci"ty,atO//?J7!/«w, the Temple ofy.-';>/.'?>-.For whenic 
 was thought meet to fend Embafladors from thence, ff/p;)')irr(^fe.'andt"p«^rj with their follow- 
 ers encountrcd them without the gate, and harged them upon their perill not to enter the City. 
 The Roman Orator alledged andfaid, '"That he came not to proclaim waragainft theSyracufi- 
 " ans, but to bring aid and help, as well unto thofe, w ho having efcaped out of the midlt of the 
 "{laughter fled unto the Roman Camp, as alio unto them who being kept under with fear,en- 
 " dure bondage and thraldom more miferable than banil"hment,yea,and death it feif.Neither will 
 '■'■ theRomans (faith he) putupthat fhamefali andcruell murder of their Allies without due re- 
 ^ " venge. And therefore, if thofe perfons who were fled for fuccour unto them, may return home 
 "fafely into their country:ifthe authors of that maflacreabovefaidibe delivered into their hands: 
 "and it the Syr.'cufians may enjoy again their liberty, together with theiflaws, there fhallnot 
 " need any hoHility or war. But in cafe ihefe conditions be not performed they would perfecute 
 " with fire and fword,allfuch as fliall hinder and Hand againli the fame, wholbever. 
 
 To this £;;W« framed his words in this wife:" If (faith hc)yehadany meHageandcommif- 
 "fiontoparl with my brcxher and me-vve would return you an anfwer accordingly. In the mean 
 "while ye were bell be gone for this time, ai^d return again when the City and iiate of Syr^*- 
 *' cuf: fhall be under their governance, unco whom ye were ient. As for warjfthe Romans think 
 •■ it good to deal that way,they CnA find and know by expericnce,try when they wou:d,that it is 
 f\^ one thing to aflail $;j-^f«p,3nd another to fee upon Leo-.umm.hud lb leav ing the Embaffadors, 
 ■^iii made the gates fad againlt them. 
 
 From this time forward the Romans laid fiege unto Syr.icrp-, and began to beleaguer it both 
 by fea and land at once. On the land fide at Hcxapyhs^ h'j water at Acradma^ upon the walls 
 whereof the feabeateth.And like as they won the City ohheLeontins.by terrifying them at the 
 firitalTault.and therefore dillrulted not,but that they fhould force and enter this alio one fide or 
 other, being fo large and vaftasit was, not compadl, but built fo fcatteiing, one part far afunder 
 from anot;her,they approached with all their fabricks.engins, and ordnan.e of battery sgainft the 
 walls.Which enterpiife of theirs, lb refokncly begun and lb hotly and forcibly followed.had fped 
 well and taken effeiA. if one man at tlut time had not been in Syracufe, Arch;med?s was he,a fingu- 
 ^lar Aflronomer.A rare man foe contemplation and beholding the sky with the Planets,and other 
 ftars therein fixed : but a more wonderiuU engineir for devifing and framing of artillery,ordnance, 
 fabricks andinfirumentsof war, whereby he would with very little ado, andateal'e,checkand 
 fruBratc all the inventions which the enemies with fo great difficuky had prepared for to give 
 the aflault. This cunning artificer and admirable workman had planted engins of all forts upon 
 the curtain of the wall,which flood on certain hills, and tbofe not of even height: andhavingfot 
 ..the molt part high places that yielded hard acceffe, and fome other low again, whereuntomen 
 Blight come on even Sc plain groundjhe fitted and liiroiflved every place accordingly. Now Mar- 
 
 cellus
 
 A2 o '/ he four and nventieth Boo\ofT.Vmus, 
 
 cdi-M from ovn hi"^ "■'allies ot five ranks of oars ,a{rauked die wall of ylcradma ^whkh (as is above-H 
 laicl)isvvan-ied and diflicd upon, with the Tea, And from the other gallies, the an-herSjilingerSj 
 yen.-, and [he :ii^hi armed darters (called rV/.-ffi ) whoie javelins sre ofthat falluon, that they be 
 iinhandfome to be lan.ed back again ('by thofe that have not the cat^ and skill ol it) lb affailed the 
 de'cndantf, that they hardly furfcred any one to (land upon the walls wituouc hurt and danger; 
 There! lay kept their ga Hies far di^l ant fron thevvall,becaure art hers and darters had need ofibme 
 Tpatc and compafsiolan-e and ktdrive their fliot. But unco the gallies of live couife of oars, 
 there were adjnyncd othertwoof cither lide : for whic h piirpofe tlie oars within were taken a- 
 wny that they mi'^'ht ilofe l:.rboord to Ilarboord and fo be coupled one unto theoiher.And thus 
 beiii" rowed as one entire gsily, by the help of the utmoll: oars without, they carried upon I 
 ihcm platforms of timber, framt.d with fioores and lofts of planks, end other engins and ioHru- 
 ments within them to br.ttcr and fiiake the walls. Againli this artillery from the galiies, ^rchi- 
 wf^!-/ bellowed and difpofed upon the wallscounter-engins of fundry lizes, fome greater, fome- 
 fmaiier. A^ainft thofe gallie;-; that werefurtheft off he weighed and difeharged llones ot excee- 
 ding main weight and thofethat were nearer he. mnoyed with lighter bulletS;, but thofe he fhot 
 farthickeriiponthem. And lalt of all, to the end that his own Citizens might, withouttaking 
 harm^m.-ikea totinter-battery againli theercmies, and fo annoy them, he caufed certain barba- 
 tans or loop-holes almolt a cubit deep tobepierced through the walls, and to (fai:d thiekfrom 
 the foot tl;e eot, to the parapet ; and all to flank the enemy, through which overtures^they with- 
 in fliot f lofviy r-calnll thecnemies fomeirrows out of bows,fome quarrels out of fcorpions and K 
 braLcs ofmeanind indifferent bigne.s. And rgainft thofegaliies which approached mere clofe 
 nnd near undfr the waljCbecaufe they would be within the (liot ,and that they v\ithin might carry - 
 f.nd levcflovcr them) hedeiifcd a crane or Iwipe to be planted aloltupon the walls , having ac 
 il)eone<.tid,whi:h hupgover ihefeaa dragorgrapling hook ofiron like an hand, fallned thereto 
 withaCrongcl-.am: whi.h took hold upon the prow of a galley, and when the heavy eounter- 
 poile of lead at the other end weighed it dov\n tothe ground, and therewith drew with it the 
 j-row uponhigh whilesit hung thusalcft intheair, thegalley ftoodin a manner endlong upon 
 ihenoop.Ai^dihcnthelwipc'lieinglct go again all at once fuddenly with a fwaydaflicd thegal- 
 Jcv tumbling' as it weic)do\\n Irom rl,c lopot the wall, witnlu.ha fwingeand violence againlt 
 the water ( to theexceedingfear of the mariners ) that it it had fain directly dov\nright upon the L 
 keel, yet needs itmutf ha\e iecei\edgood llore of water into it. Thu sail their pro vifion for af- 
 fault by thefca-l;de, was deluded and made void : and then they turned theirwholefor.es from 
 then.e-to s;i> e aifault liy land. But even that part of the walllikewife, was as wellfurnillied with 
 allmaniierof engins and ordnancc,pro\ ided at the great charge ot H/cro^and by his carefull fore- 
 cail foririany years together: but devifed and Iramed by the artificial cunning and skill only of.,4r- 
 f/;'?-/?;^'.. Behdes, the tTTturalhcituation of the ground was a great help: for that the rock, upon 
 whi hthe fo'.:r,d>:tions of the wall Hand, is for the molt part io lleep and bending forward, that 
 not only the iliot levelled out of an engine,but alio whatfoever was btit rolled £c tumbled down, 
 with the very own weight and poife.came with a great force Sc v iolence upon the enemy. Which 
 forefaid caule made tbeaffailants to have difficult climing up, and as unlfedfalt footing and kee- M 
 pin" of their hold.VVhereupon they went to counfel.And coniidering well that all their attempts 
 and cntcrp;i/eswcre thus deluded and mocked by thecnemy : it was thought good togiveover 
 afl'ault, and only by long and continuall hege, to cut them oft" from all viftuals both by land and 
 ica.ln the mean while A-tarcelUts with one third part( well near) ot the army, went forth inexpe- 
 diticn,io recover again thofe Cities,which taking occalion upon thefe troubles,were revolted to 
 trie Carthaginians, And he gained Pclcrt'stvA f/fr/'f/«x, which yielded on their own accord. As 
 for /T/'e4?-.V,whii.h he wonby aff..ult herafedit down to the grownd^and facked it,to the fearful! .J 
 example of the reli, and e'peJjuly ot the Syracuhans. " 
 
 And muvh about that time, HmilcoA^Oy whoh'd a long time rid in the Bay of the Cape P*?- 
 chyyiiti with his Aimado disbarked and let aland at Heracl:.i{vihKh they call A//«o.t)2 50C0 foot- N 
 men ^000 horfciTienanti iwelve Llephants. He had not all this power of men when he lay with 
 his fleet under P,!cl:im:i.Y'Oi after that Hipfocrr.tes had taken and held the pofleffion oi Syracuft-, 
 he went to Caithn^e - where being lint unto both by Hmbafladors frgm Hippocrates, andalfo by ' 
 letter? from v^ «;»■'■.;/ (who moved him and remonrtrances, Thatnowthe time was come to rc- 
 to\er S/f/Yr^again with mu h honour and glory ; and being himfelf there prefent inperlbn nobad 
 folHcitor by woid of mouth to further and follow the caule) he ealily perfwaded the Carthagini- 
 ans and prevailed that asgreat a powerboth of horfe and foot as might poffibly be raifed,fliould 
 pafs ovt-r into JT/i. Being arrived at Hcraclca within few daies after ^ff^i'/^f»r«»; was delivered 
 lip into his hands. And all other Cities.which had bandedand taken part with the Carthaginians, 
 were put in 10 s;ood hope to drive the Romans ont of 5/«7|': that even they who were befieged O 
 within .-'yr-irr/'Jci totake hcwtunto them ; and were fo in their ruft',thatfuppofing part of their 
 forcrsinlH ient enough to defend tdeir City, theyparted between them the charge and managing 
 of the whole warm this manner: Jhn Ep^cides (liould remain behind tor the guard and defence 
 oftheCifv, and f/'/jp^rr^/w joyn with H/w./fo, and war joyntly againRihe Romans. He with 
 iGooofoor,and 500 horfe- fct out by night: and paffed between the Corps de(r it ard, wherenone 
 at all w.-irdcd. and encamped about the ^cerrd. As they were fortifying their Camp, Aiarcellns 
 came upon them as he retired back from y^_^r;^ f«f«»?,poflelled now by the advcrfe part : whither 
 
 he
 
 The four and twentieth Bool^of T.Livius. 431 
 
 A he had made great hafte, but in vain, in hope to prevent his eneniies, and get t'jlther afore: but 
 little thought he (and nothing lefs^ than in his return from thence;at that rime and in that place, 
 to meet with an army of Syracufians that fhould make head againli him, Hovbcic/crfeai cfZ/z- 
 w/Vcoand theCarthaginians, whom he knew to be abroad, ar.d with whom he was not able to 
 make his part good with that power which he had about him, he marched ascircumfpedly as he 
 could, having his eye on every fide, and led his army in good order of battel! jgiinlt ail occurren- 
 ces whacfoevermighc happen by the way. ^nd fo as good hap was, thatcarctiiUforecaU: and dili- 
 gence, which he was provided with againrt the Carchnginians, ferved him in very good flead 
 againii the Sicilians. Finding them therelorc buiie in pitt liing their tents, witiiout ordcr;and fcat- 
 
 B tered arunder,and moRot them unarmed, he environed foon ailchelnfancry that they hcd^and 
 put them to the t'word. But the Cavalry after a fligluskirmilli begun, fltd v^yith their leader //'T)- 
 focrates to ylcr£, Ma-'-ceUiis a'ter he hid by his Right reprefitd and kept in the Sicilians, who 
 were at hand to fall away and revolt unto the Rom.ins . returned to Sf a nfr. and after fome few 
 daies,H'>w//(ro joyned with Hippjcrares,iadQn amped abpuc eight miles from tlicnceupon the ri- 
 ver ^M^f?>. 
 
 Likewife about the fame time, or verynear,it hapned tbjt 5 5 war-fliips of the Carthaginians, 
 under theconduft of Sow,-/(r^r.Admira!l of the Armado put into the grcic haven of Syra'-irfa out 
 "* ofthe deep and main fea : and alio theRoman fleet ot thirty Gailies, with live ranks of oars, ar- 
 rived at P^wrww/, andlanded the firft Legion there: and thus the wnrvvas turned and diverted 
 
 Qitomltaly. So wholly feemed both nations.as well Romans as Garth.igini.ms., amufed uponno- 
 thing now but Sic^iy. Htmilco mnking full account to prey upon the Roman Legion which was 
 Itii iiod at Paftormta, as they fliould come toi')';'^^///? ; milled of the right way to meet with 
 them : for he marched and led his power far within land higher in the country, but the Legion 
 coal-led along by the fea (ide.accompanied as it were wirh the fleet which fiankedthem: ax-.d came 
 to Pachiiitii unto ^pj>ifisCLtad!Us,who with part of his forvCS went cut to meet them on the way. 
 But the Carthaginians made no long flay about Syraaife.'^ov Bum:lcAr havingfmall truft and con- 
 fidence in his fliipSjConfideringthar the Romans wereccming towaid him with a fleet^and were 
 twice as many in number: and withallfeeing,thatby fojournin;', there he did no other good but 
 with his company impoverifh and eat out his fr ends fp;ed and hoifed up !'ai , nnd with a merry 
 
 £) wind patfed over into ^/"wi^. Hifnilco aUo, who had do^iged and followed atreryJ/<i*-«//«.f in 
 . vi'ims hi ss Svr.icHfe, toefpyfomegood opportunity and vantage cc bid him bitteli, betorehe 
 joyned with a greater power : feeing that he was hereof dilappoinred ^nd the enemy I; ing .bout 
 iSyracufe lafe and iecure,as well in regard of their foitilications-as their torces : becauie he would 
 not fpend any longer time to no purpofe in fitting there li ill, to look upon their AUies how they 
 werebefieged, he diflodged and removed from thence: attending, whcrefoever there were any 
 hope and likelihood of revolt from the Rom3ns,thither to come with hi> army, and iliew him- 
 felf in pcrfon,to encourage and annim.ueby his prefence thofe that favoured his p.irc. And firfi: he 
 recovered Murgantia, where the R.oman garrifon was betrayed by the mhabitants, and deliveired 
 nntohis hands. Into which City the Romans had conveyed geatlfore of corn,vi6tuall, and pro- 
 
 E vilion of all lorts .Upon this revolt other Cities alfo took he .rt unto them. and the Roman garri- 
 fons were eitherthrult and driven out ofthe Csiiles and Fortreflesjor eife were treacheroufly be- 
 trayed,furprifed,and deftroyed. 
 
 The City t/Eam-, feated upon an high hilU and on every hdeina:cclTt')^e as it was by natural! 
 fituationof the ground impregnable, fo ithad aflrony, g i.rrifon withinthe Calile.and a Captain of 
 that garrifon,one,that was not fo eafie to be comop.lied and over-raughtbv deceitfull trains. His 
 name was Pi»ariuiZ witty man;and hardy withali, who repofed more truii in his own diligence 
 to prevent, that he might not polfibly be deceived , than in the truth and faith of the Sicilians. 
 And at this time more than ever before, he flood upon hi? guard- and took heedtull care of him- 
 felf and his charge by occafion that he heard of fo many treacheries and treafons, lb many revolts 
 F of Cities, and mafl'acres of garrifons : and therefore as well by day ns night he looked that the 
 Cattle was well provided andfurniflied of good watdi and ward continually^ thefouldiersne' 
 ver departed from their armournor their appointed place.' Which when the chief Citizens of 
 «/£»«*tperceivcd,who already had covenanted with Himilco^zr\d promifed tobetray thefort and 
 thegarrifon: and law that the Roman Captain was fo wary that he lay not open unto the oppor- 
 tunity of any fraudulent and guileful! courfe, they relolved by apert and open means to effedl 
 this their defigned enterprife. They alledged therefore unto Pinartns, "• That the City and Caflie 
 *' both ought to be in their powerlince that they cntred into league and amity with th< Romans 
 *'as freemen,and were not yielded as flaves to be kept in durefs and prifon.Reafon would there- 
 " fore,and meet it was(as they thoughtjthat all the keys of the gates were delivered unto them. 
 <S" Withgood andtrufly allieSitheirown faith and truth isthefurefl: bond. Andnodoubt, the 
 "people and Senate of /Io«><? would con them greater thank, and efleem more dearly of them, if 
 *' lobe they of themfelves, not by conftraint.but of willing mind, would abide and continue in 
 *' their found allegeance and fafl: friendship /'/«ar/'w made anfwer again, '■'That he was bv his 
 '* General placed there Captain ofthe garrifon: at his hands he received the keysot"oh?gites,and 
 *' the Conftable(hip of the Caflie, ancl the fame to hold and keep neither at his own w<0,#or at 
 *' the pleafure of the men of ty£nm^hm at his di'pofition,who lealed him his Commiflion.Now 
 « for a Captain to abandon his fortf quoth he)is 3 capital crime among the Romans^by vertue of 
 
 Pp a
 
 The four and mentiet h BooJ\ofT. Liv'ms, 
 
 " a law,which ourfathersthemfelves have confirmed ,even by theexemplary punifhmem& death H 
 '• of tbeirown thildren,who have tranlgreffed the Tame. And feeing the Conful Marcellu^ is not 
 '"-faroff vemaViif itpleal'e yoii^fend your EmbafTadors unto him, ot whom you may be certified, 
 '• under vvhofe power,comm3ndment,and government I am/' Tulli fay they, we wiUnever fend 
 " unto him. But if words and realons may not prevail.we will work fome other means to reco- 
 p' ' Ills "ver our liberty again. Thenquoih/'/;wrz«jtothem,If ye think much to addrefs your meflen- 
 jpTech'to his *' oers to the Conlul, yet do me this favour as tocali a Common Councill of the people for my 
 fouldicrs. "i^ke that 1 may know whether thefe demands proceed from fome icfi^ or from the whole 
 " body of the City. So ic was accorded and agreed, that a generall affembly fhould be proclaimed 
 a^ainlt the morrow. Then Pr^anm after that he was departed from this parly, returned into thej 
 fortrefs,ard cailin" his louldiers to^^etherJpake i-nrothem in this wife : "• I fuppofeye have heard 
 ''already (my louldiers ) m what fort the Rom-, r.garnfons have, thefe daies pall, been betrayed 
 *'andmurdrcdbytheSKiiians.ihftire? licry b'.thertoyehay_ea\oidedandefcaped; firft&ptin- 
 "cipally throuah the goodnefs of the gods ; nc^t and immediatiy by your own valour and pro- 
 " Wt:S;^ by cominuall war h & ward handing in your arrnorboth day & night. And I would to 
 «• God ye m!<ihtpafs as welhhe time to come,withour falling into this hard choice either to en- 
 ' dure and fuft'cr inch horrible miRhief: or to execute and LommitafearfuU example of cruelty. 
 '• This intended treafon of theirs hath been carried and conveyed dofely and cauteloufly all this 
 «' while & feein" they cannot as yet meet with any advantage to furprife us,they would leem now 
 " opsnly and without dilTimulajpon, to demand for to have all the keys of the gates under their K 
 *' b.mds.Which we fl:iou:d not fo foon pait with & render unto them, but prefently jEw^ would 
 'rum to the Carthaginians, and more cruelly fhould we here be murdered and hewn in pee- 
 " ces than the <4arrifon was ac MuygcMui. Mu.h ado I had to obtain of them refpit of this one 
 " ni'Jit to takc^'iur.thercounlehthat I might advenife you oftheprelentdanger^wherein both 1& 
 ." ycm ttand. To morrow morning by day-light, they purpofe to hold a Solemn aflembly of the 
 "people, and to make a fpeech unco them, to accufeme. and toUir themnp again!! you. And 
 "• to morrow is theday that the City &n: a flKilloverfiovv either with the blond ofyou^or of the 
 "Inhabitants, And be ye well allnred, that as ye fhall lofe ail that you have ifthey iurprife yoa : 
 «« fo in cafe you prevent them 2nd begin the friy there fii;ll no perill at aii betide you. Look who 
 "hvlflaieth handon his fword anddraweih it,liefi]ail.<-arry away theviftoryclear.ThcreforeyeL 
 *'muii be there preli in your armor, and attentive to expetl a (-gnal fom me, I my feif will be 
 *' prefent in the aflembly, and with p.irling and debating remponfe j'nd draw out the timc,untiil 
 "•yebe ali in readinefs and everything in order. And in (oon as 1 Oiallgiveyoua fign with my 
 " "own,thenlet me hearyoufet up an outcry, then let me lee you fall upon the multitude: down 
 " with them and fpare not and put them allto the fwcrd.See inany cafe there be net one oUhetn 
 *'efcape your hands and remain alive, trom whom ye may fear any harm, either by fraud or 
 " force. And nowT befeech thee O Dame Cires zt\^ rny daughter Proferp'>3a,and all other gods 
 " in heaven above, orinP.ell beneath, who inhabitthis City, thefe holy lakes and facred groves, 
 •" vyherein ye are honoured and worfhipped to voucbfafe to be propice and favourable unto us; 
 " in cafe we enter into this a,flion and cnterprife, for the avoiding oi treachery intended againflj^ 
 "us.ard not to offer milchief unto other .-and not otherwife.l would ufe more words unto you 
 ' mv friends and I'ouldiers, for to animate and encourage you, if it were that youhadtodeal 
 <'\v'itfTmeninarms;but fince they are naked unarmed, & unwarned you fliall kill and flay them 
 *'at vourpeaiureand fatisfie your felves with their bloud,Andto the end that you need not fear 
 •t''lny harm from HitkiLo and the Carthaginians, loe the Conful hiinfelf lieth encamped near 
 "cthand. Afterthis exhortation they were difmiffed, to take their refe£f ion and reft. The next 
 davrtheyWcrebeifowedinfundry partsof theCity, fome tobefeialltheftreeisj others toflop 
 thepjfl ;'j,es and the waiesagainfi thetownfmen, that they might not efcape, Etitthemofl of 
 . thf in Hood upon and about theTheatre,and were nothing lufpedfed as being ufed neretoiore to 
 •.b<.'hc;d and tee the affembliesofthepeople.The Roman Captain /'/».w«iwas by tbeMagiliratcsj^ 
 brnnobr forth and prefented before the people : vyhere he pleaded J hat it lay not in his hands but 
 in the power and authority of theConful, to difpofe of that which theydemanded : and heite- 
 tated.for the mo(^ part the fame allegations that he fliewed the day before. At firfl they began 
 oently.lonie fe«v by little and little ; afterwards more and more of them, required him to deliver 
 vp the keys ; and foconfcquently all with onevoice,charged and commanded him fo to do : and 
 when he leemed to make fome (fay and defer the matter they menaced and threatnedfiercely,yea,, 
 aJid fecmed as if they would no longer forbear but pioceed to cxtream violence.Then the Captain 
 made a On with his robe, according to the former agreement: :nd with that the fouldiers who 
 had'theiTeyesupon himvvaiting wUflyfor the i'.gnall and wereready forexecution,fet;upaloud 
 cry and ran fome from alolt upon the multitude afll^b.ed over againM them ; others Rood thick q 
 at every corner of the Theatre,where the people fliould go forth, and oppofed themfelvesagainft 
 them. Thus the men of &<iy!a., fiiut up and penned withinthe Theatre were maffacred and lay 
 tvmblcd one upon other ; not they only that were killed bucfuch alfoasfled one over anothers 
 head : the found fell upon the wounded, thcquick upon the dead, one with another, by heaps. 
 TPifn there was runningfromihen:eftindryvvaies, and asifthe City had been taken upon affaulc 
 by the enemy , there w?s nothing but murdering and flyingaway in every place. And as hot and fu- 
 riious were the fouldiers in the execution of this unarmed multitude ( .whom they judged wor- 
 thily
 
 The four and npentieth Boo\of T.Livius. ^^^ 
 
 A thily and juftly co be killed)as if like danger prefenred nnto thcm^or choler railed in fet battelhad 
 provoked them thereto.Thiis;E»»^ was hcid (till for t!ic Komansby thismejns: were thedeed 
 limply ill, or by cir^umftance needfuU andneceffjry ; ^^/■cf/.V^mifliked not ofthefad,& gran- 
 ted the pillage of the Citizens of &v>ja to the foiildien- : fuppofing that the Siciliansthrough- 
 ly frighted by this fearfiill example would betray no more garrii'ons.Thccalamiry and hard fortune 
 of this City, ((landing, as it did, in the very hearcof 5/f//y ) was inoneday divulged and noifed 
 ihoughout thelfland,trom one end to the other. And otherwire,a famous and renowned town ic 
 wasjeither tor the natural fituation fo ex eeding ilrong : or becaufe all places in it were accounted 
 facred and holy,in remembrance of Prfy^r;;;K,i;who in times pad icfi her footing &tracesthere,at 
 
 B what time asflie was ftoin away Scrauflied [by /'/;//<>, jNow it v^af generally thoK"htby theSi- 
 cilians,that this curfed and deteflab!emanacre:haddchledand po'lutednot only the habitations 
 ofmen.but alfo the temples of the gods: whereuponeven they like wire,who flood but doubtful 
 and indifferent before,fell now away from the Romans,and turned to the Carthaginians. 
 
 Then Htpperates retired to A/«r(^<s-;f /<i,and Himilceto Agrigentum '. who were fent for by the 
 confpirators and traitors within j£j«-',and approached with tb'eir forccsbut to no purpore./1//fr- 
 
 . f^//,'wreturned to the Leontins country: and after he b.id brought into the Camp corn and other 
 
 • vii\uals, and left there a mean guard, he prefented himfelf to the f cge that lay before Syracufe. 
 And when he had fent y^ppias Cl.iudms to Rome to fue forihe Confuifhip, hecommittcd the 
 charge in his room of the Armado thcre,and the old leaguer unto T.Q^iirjuns Cri(pi-^uf. Himfelf 
 
 C erei^ed and fortified his wintring harbours five miles from Exapylo!, at a phce which men call 
 Ltontut, And thefe were the affairs of S.W^unco the beginnini' of winter. 
 
 In the fame lummer the war began likcwife with King Phdif which long beforehad been fuf- 
 pe>;fed.For there came Embaffadors from OricnrA\o M yalertni\\\t Prxtor Admiral of the fleer, 
 to: the defence oi Brundufium-, and the fea-coali thereabout of C^l itna, and made report that 4, 
 
 P/;///p firft affiled to win J psilonia, and was comeup the river with or.e hundred and twenty ^• 
 
 light gallies,orfoifls with two ranks of oares againll theftream :and afterwards, feeing hecould 
 noteffccf hispurpofe fo fpeedily as hehoped, privily by night he approached with hisarmyto 
 Oricum : and that the Cuy,fituate upon a pUin,neither (Irongly fenced with walls.nor well man- 
 ned with fouidiers, nor yet furnifhed with jrmor and munition, was at the firfl affau'.t fnririfed 
 
 £) and won. And as they recounted thefe newsjfOjthcy befought him to grant aid and fuccour : and 
 to make head againft this undoubted enemy of the Romans, either by L:.nd or forces at Sea, and 
 to chafe him away from them : who for no other reafon were by him affailed, bur becaufe they 
 were nccr neighbors to Ituly.M.Va'.erins leaving the guard of that place to T,F,tUrins his Lieute- 
 nant Gekral, with a fleet of {hips well riggedjurniflied &: appointcd;and having embarked thefe 
 fouidiers (which thegaliiesforwar wouldnot receive) in the merchants fhips ofburden,arrived 
 ziOriciim on the fecond day after : and finding that City kept with a fmall and flight garrifon, 
 which Philipwhcn he departed from thence had left there, recovered it without much refiftance. 
 Thither repaired to him embaffadors from Jpolloma^viho brought word that they were befieged, 
 becaufe they refufed to revolt from the Romans: and were not abieto hold out any longer againft 
 
 E the forcible attempts of theMacedonians,uniels a garrifonot Romans were fent untothem.Hc 
 promifedcoeffeft whatfoeverthey dehred, and fofliipped athoi'find e'ei\ and choice fouidiers 
 in gallies,and fern them to the mouth of the river5undcr the condu6l of a Captain of A'lies Na- 
 ■z'!;f/rV/yj'///,an induflrious man, and an expert fouldier. He having landed his men, and fent the 
 gallies backto Orrc;<w(from whence he came^tothercfl ofthe Armado,condu£ted his fouidiers 
 higher in the count ry,far from the river fide.by a way that was not befctnor held by the Kings for- 
 ces : and in the night-feafon,unawares toalliheenemies,entrcd the City.The day following they 
 refledjonly the Captain tookafurvey of the youih and able men of^p3//o;;/^,cftheir armor end 
 the munitions and forces of the City. When he had feen and pcrnfcd ail,thereupon he was well 
 appaid and en:ouraged to fight;and withall,he had learned by the fioutsandfpies,hovv retchlefs, 
 
 F idle,and negligent the enemies were without.So at midnight he went forth oftheCity withoiic 
 anynoife,and entred theCamp of the enemies focarelefly guarded asit was,andlying fo open: 
 that by credible report, there were above one thoufand men got within the tren.h andrampier, 
 beforethat any one was ware thereof: and ifihey had held their hand ;.ind not fain tokiiling.they 
 iTiightbavepaffed on flillcven asfarasto the Kings Pavilion. But by reafon that they flew the 
 warders next the gates,the enemies were raifed : whcreupoii,ihey were all fo frighted and terri- 
 fied that not only there was neicr afouldicrtook weaponinhand^and went about torepulfethe 
 enemy out of the Camp: but even the King himi'elf,hah naked Zi he vvas,and newly wakened out 
 of his fleep, clad in fimple appareil, fcarce de ent for a common fouldicr, much lefs,! wot, for a 
 King.vvasfiin to run toward the river fide to his fliips. Thither alfo the other multitude fled dif- 
 
 G ordered in heaps. There were not many under three thoufand either flain or taken prifoners in 
 the camp. Yet there were more by odds of the enemies taken than killcd.In the rifling of the camp 
 theApolloniansmcc with Catflp:ilrs and Ba'ifls, and other engins provided forihe affault of the 
 City, which they conveighed all to y1p)llor.ia^ to feric for defence of their walls againft the like 
 occafion of needful! fervicc. All the booty befides of the camp was granted unco the Romans. 
 
 Tidings hereof being come to Or/c«w, y1/. /^/7/i;r/.7/prefently fet forth the Armado as far as to 
 the mouth of the river, that theKingmight not flic awayandefcapeby fea with his fhips: where- 
 upon P/rV/pdiftruftinghispoiveras wsllby lea as fhore, and doubling he was rot able to match 
 
 Pp a the
 
 494 ^^^ fi^^ ^^^ tmntieth Boo\of T.LWms. 
 
 hiwt. 
 
 the Romans,drew up fome of bis fliips to land/et fire upon the reft^and To by land v\ent into yVfa- h 
 cedony with a oreat pare of his fouldiers difarmed and fpoiled. The Roman fleet wintered at Ori- 
 cum with Ai. Valerius. 
 
 The fame year in Sda;« the affairs went variably on both fides.For before that the Romans paf- 
 fed over the rivet /^«r«^, Magoztidi jifdrubald^iaitd amightyhoft of Spaniards, foasjallthe 
 ftrihtrpart of Sb4« had fain from the Romans, but that P. Cor«/;«/ made haftc totranfport his 
 armv over //'frw,and came in good time to fettle the wavering and doubtful! minds of the allies. 
 At the firfl the Romans encamped at ' CJirum yihiim-z place memorable for the death of great 
 jinnlcar. The Catile was well iortihed,anci thither atore they had conveyedcorn. But becaufe all 
 thofequarters thereabout were full of enemies, and lundry times their Cavalry had charged the £ 
 Roman footmen, and gone cxjr a way without any harm, whereby there had been flainat times 
 upon two ihoufand of them, which eiii.cr made imailhalte away, and (laid behind, or ftraggled 
 loofelv over the fields : theRomansdeparted from thenje^nearer unto places of more fecurity and 
 ceace,and fortified themfelves in camp upon the mount of fiEboria. Thither came C».Scipio with 
 all his'forces,audlikewll'e Afdml-'alihc Ion ot 6/ij», the third Captain of the Carthaginians,with 
 a ful army.And they all encamped beyond the water,over againlt the fort of the Romans above- 
 faid. P.Sfiwojaccompanied with certain light armed fouldiers, was gone out clofely to difcover 
 and take view of the places thereabout : howbeit, not fo covertly, but he was efpied by the ene- 
 mies and (no doubt; they had put him to a flirewdfoil in theopenpliin champion, but that he 
 took alittle hill thereby for his v amage. Where he was en\ ironed and befet round about: but by K 
 the coming of his brother C«f«^,he was delivered out of that danger. 
 
 C;/?«/o° a famous and lirong City in Sp.nn, and fo ne^r linked in affinity to the Carthaginians, 
 that A^n'ibalkom. thence married his wife, ranged to the Romans. The Carthaginians came a- 
 "iinft Illittirptm znd. began to aflauit it>ecaule a garrifon of the Roman; lay there: and like they 
 were to be Mailers of the town, by occafionefpecially of a great dearth and Icarcity of victuals 
 within. But C;>!.S/>oforto relieve his friends and the garrifon, went cut with a legion lightly 
 appointed with carnages and marthingbetween the two camps cf the enemies, skirmi Hied with 
 them.flew many of them, and entred the City. The morrow after he fallied out, joyned in fight 
 with the enemy, and fped as well: fo as in both battelsthere were flainofthemabovctwehethou- 
 land in the pUe, more than ten thoufand taken prifoners, and 5 6 military en'.-gns carried away. ^ 
 Thus the he^e brake up at ////r«rf«w. Aicer this,the Carthaginians began to lay t.ege unto Bige; - 
 r^(aCity aifoconfcderat vviththeRomans,)ButC».Si:;;)/oathis comingraiftd that liege wi.houc 
 any confliel. Then the Carthaginians trom thence went forward agairril Mm:d-ifiT^d the Romans 
 follovveci them ihitherflraight atter.There they encountred together and fought a fet bauel with 
 ijanners dilplayed, for the fpace well-rear of four hours. And as the Romans bare themfelves 
 bravely,andhad''Oithebetter)andwereatpointof the vidiory, thererreat wasibunded, by oc- 
 calionthatC».Sc//)iowashurtforeinhis thigh with a barbed ja\elin,and the fouldiers about him 
 were "reatly afraid that the wound was deadly. But no doubt. if it had notbeenfor that flay and 
 hinderance the very camp of the Carthaginians might that day have been forced. For not only 
 the fouldiersjbut the Elephants alio were driven already fo far as the trench.and even there upon. , 
 the very bank, 59 of them were Ifi^ked with darts and pikes. In this battelUikewife were killed 
 (byrep'ort)iwelvethouiandmen,almolUhrec thoufand takenprifoners, and 57 military enfigns 
 won. Then the Carthaginians retired back to the City Attri>7x-, and the Romans followed upon 
 them' becaufe they would give them no time to reft and breath themfelves after their fright, 
 Where Schw being brought into the field in a litter, gave them battel the fecond tim.e, and got 
 the viflory clear -."but fewer of the enemies were llain by the one half than atore, l-ecaufethere 
 were not fo many in number le"t to fight.But fas they are a nation given naturally to renew war, 
 and to be everfighting,and cannot give over)they foon repaired and made up their torces.For ylf- 
 d-ubalhid lent his brother Ma^o,io levy and gather new fouldiers : whereupon they tookfreth 
 heart aoainto try another field. Thefe^being tor the mod part other fouldiers (new come) fought vj 
 as it were in revenge,and to uphold that fide which in few dales fpace had fo often takenthe foil, 
 and demeaned themlelves as couragioufly as they before,and fped as untowardly. For there were 
 flainof them above eight thoufand, notmany under one thouUnd taken captives, with military 
 enl-.gns 5 8. In rifling of them there was found very much fpoil of the Gauls, as rings o( gold,car- 
 kanets, collars, and bracelets great ft ore. Over and befides, two great Lords and Princes of the 
 Gauis,whofenamcs were Moeyiica^tus and Civifmartis,\ytit flain outright in that conflifl. Eight ' 
 Elephants taken alive,and three killed. 
 
 Now when as the affairs in Sf.vn went thus fortunatly with the Romans,they began at length 
 for very lliameto thinke of STf««r«w,a town that was the caufeof all thefe wars, and had now 
 fiveyearsalready been in the hands and pofieflion ot the enemy. Whereupon by forceof arms q 
 they recovered it. drave out of the town the garrifon of the Carthaginians, andreftoredit again 
 to the ancient inhabitants,as many as remained alive, and had efcaped thefe broils ot war. As for 
 theTiirdetins, who were the occafion of the wars between the Saguntins and the Carthagini- 
 ans they fubdued them, and brought them under their fubjeilion, fold them in port fjje, and de- 
 ft royed their City utterly. Thefe were the atchievances in Sp<j»», during the time that O. Fabius 
 and ^'^/.C/,!W/«/ were Confuls. 
 
 At /?owf,vvhenihenew Tribunes of the Commons were onceentredinto their office prefently 
 
 L.Metdlut
 
 The four and twentieth BGo\of T.Livius, 405 
 
 A L. 1/frf/?«* one of the Tribunes aforelaid,arrdkd the Cenibrs P. F urns and M.AmLus.pz^txnv- 
 torily to make their appearance and anlwer before the pcople.Theie Cenfors had taken from him 
 being Trealurer the year beiore,his hor!e oHervice allowed him by the Cicy,c?.iled and difplaced 
 him out of his Tribe, deprived him ot libeity to give his voice, and rBadehim ty£^ar,us^ and all 
 for being a party wiih them .-.c C.i;;>;.«,who tompioued co abandon ItJy. Bilt by the means and' 
 mediation of the other nine Tribune;, they weredikharged .- lorthey wouldnot fuffer,that the 
 Cenfors (houid come to their anfwtr whiiesthey vvereinoffi.e. And the death of one'ofthem 
 namely, f.f^r/wf, was the caufe that theyrouldnot actomoliih the leffingand nnmbrircof the 
 Citizens. And when M Atulius fiirrcndred np his ^i^piiVKy.O^tJabnts >M/.v.held thelolemta 
 B adembly and Parli.iment of the people for the election ofConrul7,wherein were created O Fa- 
 btus /WjA-.theCon;iuhislon, and T .Sen^^ron-.m 6><i'c/;»/thefe:ond time both abfent.FoTPraE- 
 tors, there were eleded M, Audms^ and with him they w>io at that time were i£di*les of the 
 chair to wit,f. Sc»iprotjius Ttid'■CiJ>:as^Cn.fttlv!t:! Centir,}.ilHS^ind M _^y£myLiu< LfT,'dt4< 
 
 This year,as it appeareth in old Records, were the Stage-plaies fir[i fee out by the ;£diies of the 
 chair. and continued four daies.This ^-diieTW-'f<f««/ above-named was he wno at Crf»r^/'»vhen 
 allbe(:des him for fear were ailonied,in that wofull calamiry ) brake forcib.y thfouch themidlt 
 - of theenemies.and efcaped. When O^F.i^/a/ the old Conful had finifhed the E!eftion,thenthe 
 new Confuls Elect were lent for to repair unto /vcwt .and they entrcd their Mjoiftracy.Then they 
 aflembkd the Senat for to coninlt and t^ke order for the war for the Provin.es as well cheir own 
 
 C as thole that were under the Prxtors : alfo con.erning the armies, ^nd the di^polkion of every 
 charge and place of command. SotheProvin.es and armies were divided in this wife: The war 
 yi\i\\ Am hd-^ wherefoever it fell out, was committed to the managing of theCoff. with the 
 charge of one army, which Sem^rin-m himfelf h^d before under his condnd : and of another, 
 commanded by frf/'/aj the Conful.Andthofe were two legions. M,,y£,H:iiHsx.\\z Prxtorjwhofe 
 lot ic was to have the jurifdidion over the forreiners, had committed his authoriry unto his 
 Coilegue AtiiiHs.iht Pr$tor of the Citizens of Rome^ that he might govern the Province about 
 LKf«r/<i,ind thofe two legions.over which Q^Fabiuf^noft Confui.had the command, whiles he 
 was Prxtor. To Semprovius the Pritor befell the Province ci yinraiftuw. To C>?.Fuhi.fsni3 
 allotted S us Iffil a. \\\th two legions likewife : fo as, Fulvius flhould have the le.idipg of tfee lef-ions 
 
 £) Oi Ciii2ens,and Ttidii anus rscci\c his from M. Pomfo-i/tts. Thegovernment of the forrein Pro- 
 vin.es continued Hill in the formerdeputies. CM. Chud.-rn ruled Sich-, (o far as the d jminion of 
 K'lii^Hura extended: and Le-z-vx/.^jthe Vice-Prxtor had the charge oftheold Province. r.05?4- 
 ciiiHs was high Admiral of the Navy, without any new fopply or augmentation of forces. M.f^a" 
 hrtHS was employed in Greece and Macedoiy.;i^\x.\\ one legion, and the Armado which he had be- 
 fore. j^.M«f/«; was L.Deputy in 5<tr<i/w^,baving under him the oldarmy,conliftincJof two ici- 
 ODS. And C. Teremias had the adminiHration of the affairs in Picenum^ with th^at one Icion 
 which longtime he had been Captain of. Moreover, it was decreed and agreed upon,that there 
 (hould be mulf red and enro.led two new legions of Citizens, and twenty ihoufand men belides 
 levied of Allies and AlTo.iats. With thefe Captain? and thefeforces abovefaid.they provided for 
 
 E the defence and maintenance of the State and Empire of /?4'»if,again(l many wars at once, either 
 in hand already, or fufpeCted fhordy. The Conl'uls having enrolled two legionj of Citizens, and 
 chofetl a lupply to make out thereinbefore that they fettoot out of theCity. procured the paci- 
 fication o: the gods >for the fcarfuU and prodigious tokens that were reported. For the wall acd 
 gates of Rome were blalkd and fmitten with lightning from heaven ; and likewife the Temple of 
 jufter at Anc-.a. Other vain objefts and illuiions alfo ofthe eyes and ears, which men imagined 
 theyfaw and heard,were beleevedfor truths. Namely, there appeared in the river of Turraunet 
 certain refemblanccs and (hews ot Gillies, whereas indeed there were none fuch. Andinthe 
 1 emple of Jtip.^icUi.uf! which (landeth in the Territory of Cn(f.t there was heard foriooth ruft- 
 lingof armor: andtheriverof y/r«/f:r;;,'</feemcd to run with blond. When fatisf.-.ition was 
 
 F made lor thcfellrange fign?, the gods pleafed and all well again, according to the diredionfet 
 down by the PrleRs and Prelates, then the Confuls i'et forward in their expedition, Scm^ronlm 
 into Lurania. and F^-'ius into Aptdtn. Where it fell out, that F.i'-.-wj- the father repaired into the 
 CampatS«^-/«/.i, as Lieutenant and affi'lant unto his fon. And when F^///)\r the younger went 
 forth to meet him, and his Serjeants or Ufliers marching afore, faidhot a word to F^^w)*; the fa- 
 ther, nor put him afde to give way for very reverence of his perlon, ( fuch ma jelly he carried ) 
 the old man rode forward, and pafled by eleven of the faid Liitors with their bundles of rods:. 
 Then the Conful commanded the Serjeant that vit?> next himfelf to do hi; office: and with that 
 fiid Ullier called upon old F»j^/«/, to alight from his hot e back: and atlalEhefet foot aground : 
 I did all thisbutto try,quoth he,my fon,vvhethcryou knew well that ynu were a Confulorno. 
 
 G " Therecame that night fecrctly to the Conful whilctheCamp lay there, one C"ftni Ahimns^ 
 "an Arpinatevvithhi? three bondnaves,pronjihng, that if he might Itive a good reward for his 
 "fervice, he would betray Arps into his hands. F4^/«/ then propofed this matter unto hi.? 
 ''•CounciU,to be debated of. Some were of opinion, that yi.'f/ViV.'jwas tobe whipped and put to 
 " death fugitive runnagarc and falfe knave as he was: a common enemy,and a dangerous to either 
 "part atvd playing with both hands, like idoiiblc-heartod hypocrite. Whoftrd, after the over- 
 " throw at C'»'»'r<e (as if he might turn with the wheel offortune and go from his wnrd andfaith- 
 '• full ptontiifc,aad change evei as (he changeth ) ranged him'elf unto Annihd \ and by his exarri- 
 
 Pp 3 "pic,
 
 ■T^5~" ThifbwrJnd mentiethBoo\ofT-Lmm, 
 
 "• rk.drew with him Jrpasio revolt and rebell : now after that hefeeth the Romaneftate to rife H 
 "aoain and hold up head(nndih2t,beyond his hope.Si contrary to his derires)he would play the 
 « vTlljin and turn-toatngain, and come with a new praftice^of a more fiiamefuU treafonthan be- 
 *' fore ; as if treachery and falfhood were of the nature and quality of a judgment pafled in Sep- 
 " temvirai court .-and asU" he might be allowed to carry two taces under a hood, and alter every 
 " hour Faithlels friend, chat he is.not to be trufled-^and flippery enemy nottobe regarded. A 
 '' oood'deedit were,thattogethcr withthat fametraitor of f^i/m/, and the other of King /jr- 
 ^'rhm he made a third, and were puniQied accordingly for exemplary juHice5to teach all rogues 
 " and nirnaoates hereafcer.how they run from their Lords and Mailers. On the other fidcjold Fa- 
 '■'• I'/.-Mfthe Confuls father Jreplied,and faidThat men now adaies had torgot how to make diffe- 
 " rence offeafons.and in the very heat & midft of wars,reafoned and ga<e their opinion and cen- I 
 '' fuce of every thine and perfon.as in a free time of open pea;e : when as indeed, we are to think, 
 " conhder, and deliberate ot this point, that C if poflibly it might be) no more of our allies re- 
 " volt frorn the people of Rome, rather than invite and incite them thereto : and after one is ftar- 
 "ted afide, and upon repentance returned again to the ancient amity, tofall a reviling and rebu- 
 "kin^of him and bitter. Y to fay that hedeferveth to be madean example toall others.Forif it 
 "mavbelawluli for one to turn from the Romans, and held unlawfull to return again unto the 
 "Romans no man need doubt but fliortiy tbeRoman Empire willbe forfaken of all herconfe- 
 ' deratsand allies. and we fliall fee within a while all the Cities of /;<?/; linked and confedered in 
 ''fait lea'^ueand friendihip with the Carthaginians. And yet (quoth he) I am not the man that 
 "thinketh Alf.mw worthy to be trulted in any thing for all this, but I would take a mean courfeK 
 "■ & middle way between both extremities. My opinion is therefore that for the prefent he ftiould 
 '' be taken neither for enemy nor rrie*nd, buccommanded to ward, and to have the hberty of a 
 "■prifoner, and only bekept forth-coming in fomeconfederatandtrufty City, not far from the 
 ^' Camp durin'Jthetimeof the war. And whenthe warisoncefinifiied and ended, then I hold it 
 " oood to de.iberate and confulc^whetner that his former revolt hath deferved more punilhmenc 
 "'than this his prelenc return meriteth favour and grace. Every man liked well of this advice of 
 o\6Fiihiiis and "ave Uieirailenc.So he was bound with chains. and both himfelfand his company 
 delive.ed over a'nd puiincu!lody,and a goodrounfum of gold, which he then had brought with 
 him, wis by commandment relerved for his ufe. At C^/^.( he made his abode: where all the day 
 time he ufed to walk at liberty, with his keepers following him, butin the night they kept him L 
 clofe prifoner.But at Arfi. where his homewas, theyot hisown houfe began firft to mils him, 
 and feek for him •• afterwards,when it was noifed throughout the whole City.that he was out of 
 the way. and ^ould notbe found •• the f^me hereof coufed a tumult-, for the lofs of a principall per- . 
 fon as he vvas,thiis revolted to the enemy, And for fear of an alteration in the State, ptefently the 
 news thereof was fent to Annib.-.l. Who was nothing offenditd thereat, both becaule long afore 
 he had theparty hirafelf in jealoufie and fupition as one neither fifh nor flefli, a man of nocre- 
 dit,and hardly to be trulkd and alfo for that be found a good occaf.on and quarrel to feize up- 
 on the "oods of fori^h and fnlMfantiall a Citizen and to makefile thereof. But to the end that 
 the world might think thathe was more anpry aga:n(T his perfon , than greedy of his fub(lance,he 
 joyned with cruelty, agravecourfe alfoof judiciaiheverity, thatthe one might ferveas afiletoivl 
 "iveluftre to the other.Eor havin;^ fent for his wife and children into theCamp,firft he examined 
 them ftrai'^hcly, for to know whither he was fled, jnd what (lore of filver and gold he had left 
 behind him at home in his houfe : and vvlion he had learned enough of them tpuching every par- 
 ticular,and as mu.h as he def.red,he burnt them quick toalhes. 
 
 Fabitu bein" departed from SaeffitLi purpofcd the firft thingthat he did to affail Jrp, Where 
 belay encamped a miiefrom thetown : and after he had well viewed by near approach, thefi- 
 luationof the City. and confdered the wall, look where helaw it was moft firong and fure, and 
 therefore f'uarded moll fiii^hily and negligently, there efpecially he purpofed to give the hotteft 
 affnulc. And when he had iufficiently provided andgot together all ordnance and engins, requi- 
 fite !'or the battery of C'ties, he madechoi.e of the mod hardy and valiant Centurions of the vj 
 whole army and fet over them certain Tribunes and Marflialsjvalorous and doughty good men, 
 and appointed unio them a Regiment of fix hund.ed fouldiers ( for fomany he thought fufficient 
 for the prefent lervite ) withdireilion and commandment, that whenthe trumpet founded the 
 relief ot the fourth watch, they lliould bring fcaling ladders to tli.n place aforefaid. Now there 
 frocd a o.ue low and narrow, anfweringtothellreet not much ufed and frequented, by reafon 
 that quarter of the City was not inhabited,biit (lood void. That gate he gave them order firft to 
 fcaleandciime over, and then to go forward on the wall, and from within-forth to breakdown 
 the b.irs, and levelthe faid gate, and when they were Maflers of that quarter of the City, then to 
 wind the horn, and give rgnall to the reft of the forces for to approach and come hard to the 
 town, faying, That he would have all things in readinefs, and in good order. This dirciftion wasQ 
 performed -Kcordin;;ly with ereatdiligeme, and that whith was thought and ('eared would have 
 been an hindrance and let unto them in the a<ftion, wjs the only thing which helped them molt, 
 that they were not dcfcried.And that was a fmoaking fliower of rain thatbegan after midninghr,- 
 which canfcd the warders an! watthmcntoquittheir (landings, forlake the Sentinels, and to 
 fiieinro the houfes for covert. The firft noife of the (lortn pouring down with fuch a force,made 
 that the rumbling of the fouiderscould.notbeheardjas they were breaking down the gate 5 and 
 
 as
 
 T be four andtiventieth BooJ\^of YXavIus. ^-y-] 
 
 A asitorew after to rain morefbftly, and fo kept (Hilar one, it fonnded gently and Tweetly in their 
 ears,umill it bronghta good many of ihem faRafleep, Now afterthey h.^d feized the gate, the 
 Marflials gave order, That the Cornetticrs fnould be beflowedin that voidlireet afotelaidjdi- 
 liantequally arunder,and towind theirhorns. tor to waken and raife the Conful. Which bein<^ 
 done, according as it was before agreed, theCof. commanded the Handards and enfigns to be 
 brought forth and fomew hat before day-light entred at the faid broken gate into the City, with 
 that, the enemies at length began to roufethemfelves, fornow the fliower and ftorm was pall, 
 and theday approached. There vyasagarrifonintheCity at hand of rive thoufand of ^w;!^/.^/ 
 his fouldiers,armed and well appointed : and the Arpins of themfelves were ' ooo liron^.Thofe 
 Bthe Carth.iginians put in the forefront, as a forlornhope, and oppofed them agairR the enemy, 
 for fear of lome treacherous prank chat they might play behind their ba.ks. P'ir(f,they bcan to' 
 arrange themlelves to tighc in ihe dark, blind, and narrow lanes. For the Romans had filled and 
 taken up not only all the Hreets,but alfo the houfes that were nc.\r the gate t o the end they might 
 notbegaulcd with fliot, and wounded from aloft. Some Arpins and Romans fell at len':ith to 
 meet ,to take knowledge and acquaintance one of 3noiber,dnd lo began to commune and talk to- 
 gether.The Romans asked what the Arpjn; meant to rebell ; for what oflcnce and harm given of 
 the Romans, and for what defer: and benefit received from the Cjnhagir.ians Ihould theyf'beincr 
 naturall Itali.ins) maintain war for Aliens, (Irangers, and barbarous n.nions,sga[nft the Romans' 
 their old friends ard ancient Allies ; and lb to bring /f>:// in fu'njeclion to y,/,,^;-/V,^, todoho- 
 C mage and fealty, yea, and to become tributary, and to pay penhoniinLO it? The Arpins Cxciifed 
 and cleared themfelves,faying,that they (f.mple men and ignorant in ail things) were boucrht ^x^d. 
 fold by their great rulers and principall Citizens-and lived m manner ascaptucs and flavesiuncier 
 thecommand offomefew perfon? that might do all. Upon this beginning, moreandnioreof 
 themgrew topariingand conference.At length the PritOrof ^^rp/ him'.elf wasby his o\\-npeo- 
 ple and Citizens brought and prefented before the Conful: where, after taithfullpromifepaflcd 
 between the enfigns and the battels; the Arpinsimmediatiy bent their forces on the Romans 
 fide againll the Carthaginians, The Spaniards like wife (who were not many under a thdnfrnd 
 men)al"ter they had capitulat and agreed with the Roman Conful, notbringbnt this one article 
 That the garrifon of the Carthaginians might be fert forth and pafs avvay fafe without barm; 
 Dcame with theircolours totheConful. Then all thc'gates were fet open for the Ccrrhaginiansto 
 depart : and being fent away upon fafc coivdufl without any harmatjU'ocdamage unto 3^rW/s/, 
 arrived at Sd.if.a. Thus Arfi was reflored again to the Romans, without the lois-and dcftrimcnc 
 of any oneman,but one on;y old traitor and new fugitive revolt, The Spaniards were'appdinred 
 
 tohavcdoubleallowanceofvi£tua!s:andtheyperformedgood^faithtiill,and valiant fer'r'iPeYna- 
 ny times after to the Common-weal, ,^ •' • 
 
 When one of the Confuls was in A^uUei, and the other in Lticani'^:-, one huhdred'ari'd twelve 
 
 men of afms,Gent!emen of the Nobility of Cafua^ having-licence granted by the Magi(frates to 
 
 go out of the City jpretendingto make a rode into the enemies country. and tofetcfi^^inbdoties 
 
 and prizes, came diredMy into the Romans Camp ,lying about 5«(-j7";7.?, Andmeetinq with the 
 
 YXerp! degu..rd., declared who they were, and that they would pari with the Lord Deptuy.- Islo^v 
 C-^.Ftdvius was the General and Commander of the army there : who being advertized andcef-' 
 tihed hereof gave order that ten oniy of all that number lliould be brought before him nfiaimed. 
 When he heard their fuit and demjnd,which was nothing elfe,but that when Cipit was recove- 
 red by the Romans, they might have their goods re(f ored untothem : hereceived them allirro 
 his protection. The other Pritor alfo Sempronin^ Tudita-in^^ won by force the io\yiA'Cl;fcrKur>^i 
 where ihcte were taken prifoners above feventhoufand men: and a good deal of copper and fil- 
 ver coin gained beiides. At /v^wc there chanced afearfiiUand pitifuilfre, which contirncd two 
 nightsand one vvholed.>y. All between S. Awx and the gate CirOTf;?^'/^. together with the &!jui- 
 welm-ra and the (f reet JuaariHr.:-, were burned down,and madecven wich the ground. Likewise 
 
 pwithouithcgace thefirefpredfar all about, and in the Temples of for/ ««.j and Dame A^a:tttaj 
 and Spf5,conlumedmuch3as wellhsllowcd asprophane. 
 
 Thefameyear, when ail things profpered well and had good fuccefs in S;).r/», /». and T;?. both 
 Sc:f'!os having recovered many alloci;)ts rnd'thofe of a'nciencleague,that pam.e in again to him and 
 yielded themfelves ; and behdes, gained fome new confederats : coffceived good hope, and took 
 heart to proceed farther,eien into W/fni:/;^, 
 
 Syphax King of the Numidians, oni fivdden fjil out with the Carthaginians, and became their 
 profelled enemy. Unto him the Sciptcs addretTed three Centurions as tmbaffadors, to treat with 
 him about a league and alliance : and to promilewithall. that if he went on fiill to trouble and 
 molctl theCarchaginians,by making war upon them, hefhould do an high favourtothe Senate 
 and people of ^o»;j: that they would endeavour and bring about, thatmgood time and place, 
 
 Che (liould be well requited for that kindncfs, and'receive at their hands a double recompence 
 withthanks, Thi^ embaffagep'eafed the barbarous King right well. And after he had conferred 
 •and reafoned with the Embafl'.dor<, concerning military atfairs, and the knowledge of warfare : 
 ard heard thofc old & experienced foiildiers talk of war, he foon found his own wams,and how 
 unskilful! himfelfwas in many points and feats of arms, incomparifon ofthat methodical! and 
 orderly difcipline, whereof they had difcourfed. " The firfb thing then that he rcquefled at their 
 ' hands, was this: That as they were good friends and faithfull Allies, twoofthem would go 
 
 " back
 
 A-S 7 hefiur and wentieth Bool^o/ TXivius, 
 
 "• back wuh their Embaflie unto cheir Generals, and that the rtiird might remain with him, toH 
 *' read unto him a lediircinthemi.itary dience of watfare.Saying,that the nation ot the Numi- 
 "■ dians were raw and altogether unskillui in footmens fervice, and only nimble and pradtiled in 
 " fioht on hoileback.So f quoth be j irom the firii beginning of our nation have our ameHors ufed 
 " to war: fc I'ohave wefrom our childhood been enured to fight. Mary,an enemy I have.truding 
 " and preUraini^much upon his Infantry, whom I would gladly be able lo match every way in ail 
 " kind of fervice. Footmen I am able to fet out as well as another : for why ? my Realm is po- 
 ''pulousandyieideth abundance of men : but a.togeiher ignorant we are, how to fit them with 
 ' armor, how lom^rfliall them, how to order and fet them in battel! array: infomuch as all my 
 " people in battel; go to it pell-mell, and are as a multitude hudled and thrumbled together at a I 
 " venture without skilfwithout dikretion and adviitm.ent.The Embafladors anfwered and faid. 
 That for the prefent they would do according to his willnndplealure: but withal, they had his 
 faithful prcmil'e St word of a Piince that be fhculdimmedi^tly fend back their ccHipanionagain> 
 in cafe theif Generals approved not theirdecd in that behalf. Q^.Statoriut his name was,that Haid 
 behind v\ith the King. So Syfhax fent by the two Romans his anfwer to the forefaid EmbalJage 
 into S-pairr. and bef)des,with them other Numidians,Embaffadors of his own,to receive farther 
 affuranie and fccurity from the Roman Generals : unto whom he gave in charge, that forthwith 
 they fliould ibUicit,perfw^de,and entice allihe Numidians that were auxiliary fouldiers unto the 
 Cartha'^inians-.and lervedin any Camp City, or g.irrifonTov\noftheirs3fortoabancJonthemaiid 
 come to him. And Statorins for his port, having muikred a great multitude of ferviceable young K 
 men,ehofe forth and enrolled a power of footmen, to ftr.e iii the Kings wars: and when he had j 
 forted them into b.^nds and companies, and ordred them in battell array, as near as poflibly he " 
 could, to the manner of the Romans: he trained therrt in their running to follow their colours: 
 he tapght them to keep their places in their ranks, and to double th'jir files : and likewife be ac- 
 cul^omed them totravell and do work : and fo acquainted them with other military orders and 
 eAeri.ifes,that within iliort time, theKingrepofedas good corlldence, and was as mighty inhis 
 new Inhmtryas in his old Cavalry : and in a fet pitched field on even groundjWas able to meet the 
 ■Carthaginian with banner dilplaied, and give him thefoiiin afuUbattell. The coming of the 
 Kings Embafladors into 5p.2/«,was to the Romans alfo a matter otgreatconfequcnce and impor- 
 t^nae : for upon the rumour and tame that went thereof the Numidians began to fail away apace, L 
 arid CO come thick unto the Romans. Thus were ttie Romans joyned in amity and friendfhip 
 with Ki:r!g Sypl^^ix. 
 
 VVhcnthe Carthaginians had intelligence of this new alliance;tbey addrcffed immediatly tbeit 
 Embafladors to G^/<«, who raigned in another part oiNsitnidtr.-)0\tt a nation called Adaffyla.DrLis 
 (juLi had a fon named Afafa/uffa., of fevenceen years of age,but a youth of fuchtowardnefs, and 
 lo forward in venue, that even then he made good and apparantfhew, that he would another 
 day enlarge his dominion, and make a more flouriftiing and mighty Kingdom than his father .ji 
 Qionld leave it unto him. Thefe Embaffadors declared unto Gala, " That forafmuch as Syfhax * 
 ''had en! red league, and was banded with the Romans, to the end that by their alliance and fo- 
 *' ciety, he might be more mighty and puiflfant againft other Kings and nations of y4ff'rickj it M 
 "Vvcre alfo better forhim and much more commodious tojoynwith the Carthaginians in all 
 *' convcrtient fpeed:beiore chat either ^ypk^x pafled over into Spain^ov the Romans into y^ffrickj 
 "And Svpy.v(iiy they^mayfoon be defeated and overthrown now, v/hilethat he hath gained 
 *' naught ycc.but the bare nameot the Roman League, G.^/.? was foen perfwaded to fend a power 
 of men cl'pecialy at the earned inflance ofhisfon,vvho was verydefirousofthatwar,and toha\4e 
 the managing thereot.He with the help of the Carthaginisn legions vanquilhed Syphaxtznd gave 
 him a great overthrow.So r.s at that field there were flain^by repoort,in one day thirty thousand, 
 S^fL-ax hirnfelf in pcrfon,wi«h fome few Numidian horfemen,fled back to the Mauri{ians,that in- 
 b.ibii tu ^ " ■• t'^'.ei^ cojRs, hard uponthe Ocea'n over-againft Gades. But the barbarous people at 
 the tuvx '>'.■ his coming fo reported in great numbers to him out of all parts,that in a fliort fpace H 
 hevvns 'bleto arm .imighty hofl-. And before he could with them crofs over into Sp/??, which 
 was divided from Ajfrwk. with a narrow arm of thefea, Mafaaijfa was come with hisviftori- 
 ous Army : who in that place, of himfelf, without any help or aid of the Carthaginians, gave 
 %jphi;x bAttcll to his great honour and fingular glory. In Spain no memorable exploit was atchie- 
 ved .but thn the Roman Generals allured and drew to them the able and ferviceable manhood of 
 theCeUibcrians, for the fame hire and Hipend that they bargained for with the Carthaginians : 
 and fent from thence above three hundred Spaniards of thenobleft parentage into Italy, to folli- 
 cit their com-irymen, who ferved under Ayimbal zs auxiliaries to follow them and trie part with 
 the Romans.This only, tduching the affairs olSpain that year,is a thing worthy to be noted and j 
 remem'-'f'^'^ • That the Romans never waged fouldier to ferve in their war before that time, whenQ i 
 the Cekibsrians begasi to be their mercenariesjand firll received pay. I 
 
 The
 
 7 he five andtn^entieth Bool^ of T.Liv'ms. 4^0 
 
 A 
 
 The five and twentieth Book 
 
 Of the Hiftories cfT. Livius of Padua., from the Fomdatioh 
 
 of the City of Komc. 
 
 The Breviary of L. Flortu upon the five and uventieth Book. 
 
 PlUblius Cornelius Scipio,/«r«.?wf(^ afrcnvards Africjnus.iv^j made M.diU,htfore he rras of law 
 /«/7;'<f<<rJ.Annibal won theCttyTzrfawm ( all bin theCaflle, intotvhtch the Roman ^Arnfonwai 
 retired) by means of certain yoKngTarenttne Gtmlemen-, who bud made fern hl.-ince,- that they went 
 hj night a hunting, Thefolemn pLiies tn the honour of Apollo, were now fi ft i/ijiitnted, upon occafion 
 of certain prophiticall zerfes of M.3nias,wheri» the overthrow >n Cannx had been foretold. Q_. Fulvl- 
 US und Ap, Claudius Conful-, fought fortunately agaiyfi Hanno, a Dtike or Captain of the Carthagt;ji~ 
 am. T.Scmpronius Gracchus r/jf Pro-Con Jul-, was by a Lacan {his hojl that gave him entertainment') 
 ^ trainee 'tto the da,iger of an ambn{h, and flai>i by Migo. Centenius Penula, who hadfervedin the 
 wars i a Centurion^ having made f nit unto the Senat, to have the leading of an army, and promt fed^ 
 if th; petition weregranted^to win the vtilory of hx\Ti\\iz\-andt o vanquifh hini~,tOiikjhe charge of eight 
 thou}ndfootmen, andgave battell to Annibzl- but h^wai /lain himfelf] and his ivho'.e army defeated 
 andftto thefword. Cn.Vuhias t he Pr£tor fought unfortunately agai>?/l- Annlbi]., and lofi the field: 
 in tvich fight there didji.xteenthoufind men, Himfelf, with two hundred horfemen fied and efca- 
 p.'^.-apua was befiegedby Q, Fulvius,4W Appius Claudius, theConfuls. Claudius Marcellus in the 
 thiryear of the fiege won ^yracufe, andba^e himfelf in that fervicelil^ a worthy andnohle Knioht. 
 InUit tumult and hurly-burly when the City wasta'^fn, Archimedes, whiles he wa4 bttfily occupied 
 _^ abd certain deometricall figures and forms that he had drawn in the dit/l-, was kjHed, The two Sci- 
 pi«5 Publius, and Cornelius, after fo many and jo worthy exploits performed fjrtunat ely lyi Spain 
 cattoawofuli andheavy end, beiKgthemfclves (lain there-) wnh the lofs will-near of their whole 
 jIfsieSj in the eighth year after that they went into Spain, A rid the main poffeffion of that Province 
 hd>e:tt cfuttelofl-, but for the Jingular manhood armi induftry of L. Marcius, a Knioht of Rome, 
 yf having rfMiedandgathered together the remnants of the armies^fo encour aged them-,t hat by their 
 •Vitnt fervice two jeveral encamped holds of the enemies were won, fcven andthirty thoufandofthe e»e- 
 frtflain^and eighteen hundred taken fnfoners^and a great rich booty obtained, fVhereupon he was cd" 
 /t <j/)f^/«Manius. " ■: 
 
 E The five and twentieth Boo\ of T. Livius. 
 
 r "7^5" "^Hiles thefe affairs thus pafled in y^jfr/Vi^and in S/)^/«, >4«K'^^/emp!oiedthefum- 
 ^ / \ / fn^f deafen in the territory of Tarentur,}, in hope by treafon to be Malkr of the 
 
 Y yf City of the Tarentin^.In which mean while,certain bafeCities of the Salentin?, 
 and towns of no importance revolted unto him. And at the fanfie time, of thofc 
 'elves States of the ^r»f//j\vhich the year before had turned, and banded with the Carthacini- 
 is, the Confentins and ihurins were rallied wholly again to the devotion of the people of 
 me. And more of them had returned like wife -but for L.Pompomus Veient anns .CuT^iiwi of iht 
 Hies: who after he had made cet tain rodes into the country of the Brutu, and fped his hand 
 eU with many booties,took upon him the countenance of a fufficient Colonel, and was no lefs 
 puced:and having gathered a power of men,fuddenly in hatte, without good advirement,fouoht 
 ith Hayino. In which conHi^l, a mighty multitude of his men were either llain or taken pri°b- 
 rs.Butas good hap vvas,they were but a difordercd unruly rabble oFruHical clowns and bond- 
 ves : and the lead lofs ot all other,was the Captain himfelf who amongH the reit was taken cap- 
 .•e:a man as then, the author of a rafh and fool-hardy fight, and had been aforetime a Publi- 
 n or farmer of the City revenues, and alwaies (through his naughty pradifcs and cunning fet- 
 es and fliifts wherein he was become skilful) a difloyalperfonand dangerous both tothepub- 
 e State, and alfo to tbofe private companies and focieties, with whom he had commerce and 
 aling. SemproniM the Conful,lying in the Lucans country made many light skii miflies, but not 
 y one worch remembrance^and won certain poor towns,and of fmal regard belon" n" unto the 
 leans. 
 
 The longer that this war continued lingriug, whiles proi'perous fuccefs and adverfe mifhab 
 terchangeably wrought much variety and akeration as well in the inward minds ofmen;asin 
 cir outward (fate and fortune ; fuch religious zeal and fuperliition ( and the fame for the mod 
 rt in forreincercmonies)had fo feized Sc poflefled iheCity,that either the men oreods therof, 
 ere luddenly all at oncebecomedean altered :nd transfigured, Infomuch as nowthe Roman 
 ;es and holy obfervarions were contcianedj not only in let ret, & within doors at home in their 
 I private
 
 ■ A/^Q The five andtrpemtethBoo\ofT,Livms, 
 
 private houfes, but abroad alfo in the openftreets, yea, and in the common place andCapicoll:H 
 where there flocked alvvaies a fort of women that neither offered facrifice and oblations^nor faid 
 their praiers, and did their devotions according to the ufe and cufiome of their native country 
 and City. Certain odd Prielts and Chaplains, yea, and doling wizards and blind Prophets, had 
 inveigled the minds and conlciences of men: whofe number was the greaterby reafonfirft of 
 the rurall people and peafants of the country, who for need and poverty, and for fear together, 
 were driven to quit iheirlands which they had riot tilled and husbanded, by reafon of the long 
 wars,and many invaf.ons and rodes that laid all wslkjand fo retired into the City: afterwards by 
 the eaf.e occupation and ready means of gain which they found by theerrour of others, whom 
 they foon fcduced and abufed: which trade they ufed and pradlifed openly, as if it had been a I 
 lawfiillsrtand myllery. At the firll, divers good and honefl perfons began feaerly to grieve and 
 be offended herewith, yea,and to mm tei and utter their griefs in private: but afterwards in pro- 
 cefs of timeihe matter was prefented before the LL. of the Council!, and brake forth to open 
 complaint in publike places. The itdiies and Triumvirs Capitall were blamed much,and fbarp- 
 ly rebuked ot the Senate, for not rcdrtflingthefe diiordcrs : and when they went in hand to rid 
 the common place of this multitude,and to caft down, over-turn, and fling away the preparation 
 and provifion for their facrifices and oblations, they had like to have been mifufcdandmikhievcd 
 by the people. When this malady and miforder fecmed now to be greater than might De reme- 
 died and reformed by the meaner and inferiour MagiHr.ue, M.R,ni)lim^ Prxtor of theCity for 
 the time being, received Commilllon by order from the Senate, to fee that the people waceafed K 
 r.nd delivered from this new religion and luperflicion. He not only read unto them in a piblike 
 aflembly the decree of the Senate in that behalf,but alfo made prochmation,/»?;)r/>»«.,thatvho- 
 foever hsd any books of prophefics or prayers, or treaties written oi this art and fciencof fa- 
 crifices, fhould bring in all thofe books and writings unto him before the Calends of ^prinest 
 tnlulng. Item, that no perfon fliould facrifice either in publike place-or facred Church,aftrany 
 new form or forrcin rights and traditions. And in that year there died certain publike Pefts, 
 to wit, L. Cornelius Le>:tulns the Arch Prelate, or high Priell : and C. Paprius Majfo^ the In of 
 ( ans ■s. Bifliop.Alfo P.Furtus ViUns an Augur^and C.Papynus Majfo the Ion of Lucius, a De;m- . 
 vir^deputed for holy mylieries. In place of LemHlus and of PapynusvjeiQ Ad.Cornelms Ceth'nf, :', 
 and Cn.ServiliistCcp oUibllituted high-Prieft and Eifhop, For Augcrthere was created L.Qin- L 
 Tus FLimivius : and L.CemcItiis Lentulns was chol'en Decemv ir over facred ceremonies and dine 
 fervice. 
 
 Now the time drew near of the folemn election of new Confuls: but becaufe itwajot 
 ihought good to cal the old away,(bu[ied as they were in the \yzxi)T .SemfroniMs one of theCn- 
 kilsjnominated forDi(5tator,tohold that eledlion aforelaid,rX/j/,-ii.'» Centoi\yho named foiis 
 Generall of the Cavalry Q^FuhiusFb.ccus.lhXs'DMXzioTtXhz^xVi. comitiallday following, ca- 
 led tor Confuls Q^Fuh:ni Flaccm abov enamed,his Generall of horfemen, and -^f. Claudius d- 
 r/?(fr,whoinhisPra;torfliiphadthejurifdiftion and government of the Province of Sicil^.l'.n 
 were the Prxtors e\t&cd,C»,F tihius Fla^ctn-jC.CUndus N'cro,M,J(iMimS^llanaS) and P .Comas 
 Snlh.Whcn the Election was ended,the Diftitor refigned up his place. M 
 
 That year was ^dile Cttruie^togcthet with M.Corudins C et hc_^us yone PtCorneliusS:ifio^\y\t 
 fnfname afterwards was AfricanHs.Wh^n he flood and made fuit for the jEdilcfliip, and the 1- 
 bunesof the Commons were againfi him, objeftingthat he was not eligible and capable oft. 
 office forthathe wasnotofUwfuliagetobeacompetitor,and toputintor it : lf( quoth he] 
 the Qiiirites and Citizens of Rome will choofe me iEdile, 1 have years enough on my bj 
 Whereupon, in favour and furtherance of his fuit, there was fuch running and labouring or 
 hands to the Tribes for their voices that the Tribunes fuddainlyfurceafed their purpofe to hin 
 him. And this was the largefsanddonntive that the ^diles bellowed. The Roman Games wi 
 according to the wealth of that time.^exhibited and fct out with great flate and magnificence-; 
 continued one day longer than ordinary : and foreveryfireet throughout the City, was alio w(N 
 "Abouta "CoWf/a-Tof oyl.L Viiltt:s Tappttlns and M.FitMdMtts FHHdtilus vEdiles of the Commons, acci 
 wincEJllon. ccrtaindames andwivesof theCitybeforethe people, of difhoneft and incontinent life: , 
 fomeof them being condemned, they forced into banifliment. The Games called P/ff^f/V, w 
 renewed for two dales : and by occafion of thefe games a folemn feafl or dinner was kept for 
 honour of Jupiter. 
 
 Then C?,F«/w«/ f/<irf«; the third time entred the Confulfliip, together with JppiusCU 
 us : and the Pritorscall lots tor their Provinces. It fell unto /'.Cor««'////.fS«//^ his lot^to have 
 jurifdiftion both of Citizens and Grangers, which before was executed by twain. To Cn. Fui 
 Flacctti fell yivnl:a:to C .CLitdius Nero Was allotted SnelftiLt : and M. J^piiiis SyHanus his hap 
 to have the rule of the Tufcans.The Confuls were appointed by decree of the Senate to war vQ 
 jlmnb.l-, ahd to have under their command two legions apiece: and thatoneof themfhc 
 deceive his legions of Q^Fa'it^s^ theCof. cfthe former year : and the other takehis at the h; 
 of FtihitisCemimdus. As forthePr.Ttors> Fulvius Flaccus had CommilTion forthecondu* 
 the legions at t«cfr/'«,which ferved under jEw;V/«;Pra;tor there: and Nero Claudius vizsx.o\ 
 the leading of thofe that were under the hand of C. Terentius in Ptcenum ' and that they Hk 
 ^ovide themfclves fif fupply to make up the full number of the Companies. M, Junius 
 the charge of thelegions of Citizens muftred the year before to ferve in 7V/J:<J»/: T.Sempn 
 
 GrMc
 
 J he five andtmentieth BooJ^ of T.Livius. aai 
 
 ^ ^ — — _ ' ' 
 
 ' Graccht(s.,ii\dP.Semproniw Ttidit anus coniirmtd fiillin the governmenc oftheir Provinces, the 
 one of L.'«rrf;7/<«,the other of Ga/ha.zDd kept their ownforces. Liktwik P. Lt:>7tiJi(i governed 
 the old Province in Siciiy : M. Marci-Has was Lord Deputy of Syraci'fe-, and fo far as the Realm 
 andDominion of King //;.fi'o reached. /.0^7^(r///«^ Admirall ot the Navy. Qreccs was gover- 
 ned nil by M.VJeriHS, Sardinia hy Q^.Mratus ScavoLr.Sp.vnby P. and Cory;e/ittsSapios.To tlie old 
 armies betbre^there were other twonew legions levied and enrolled by che Coff, 5o as in all;,ihe 
 vvholeforcestorthat year amounted to 25 Legions. 
 When the Conlu.s ihouldmulferthefouldicrs.they were liindredbyoccaf^onofa lewd prank 
 ^ plaied by one A'/.PofiLumms Pyrienfis^ to the great trouble and d:;quiet of the Stateahd publike 
 peace. This Pojrlmmws was by his vocation and calling a Pub ican, who m.iny years together for 
 crafty and deceitluU dealing. for avarice and covetonfnels, hid not hi', fellow in all thecity , but it 
 Viete. L,Po/Kponiiis VcifynaKsts 2o^i\a ; the fame man,w horn the year betore as hetorrac;ed the ter- 
 ritories of the Lucani raOily and unadv ifcdiy,the Carthaginians by the conduit oitLtnno had ta- 
 ken priloner.The'.e two (toralmuch as it was covenanted and indented before, that thetranfpor- 
 ling of thofe things which were tor the provihonofthe armies beyond lea, fl-iouid be warranted 
 by the City againlt all danger oftempeli; and that all dammage and lofs ot goods that way mif- 
 carryingifhouid not lie upon the flioulders of the Publicans, who had undertaken by great to ferve 
 the armies but be made good again out of the common CheR and Treafute:^ thefe publicans (T 
 P fay^not only gave falfe in formation ot certain fhipwratks, but alfo if they brought word at any 
 time truly of fome fbipsthat were peri Hied, they were fuch only as were !o!l by their own fraud 
 and deceit , and not calf away by chance or violen.e of weather. For they wonid frai>'htSc charge 
 certain old veflels and flaaken bottoms, with fome few wares offmiilorno worth at ail, and fuf- 
 fer them to finkfor the non.e in the deep fea,and fa\ e the mariners and failers with fmall pinaces 
 and cockboats prepaied aforehandlor thepurpofe: and when they had done, lie fhamfnlly and 
 fay.thatihey had loft mer.handife and commodities in thofe iliip, of land.y forts, and of great 
 value. Thefe cunning parts ot theirs had been the year paif revealed and notified to /'^^..^wj/'^f 
 thePr£tor,and theSenathy him made acquainted therewith: howbeit there was nothing done, 
 nor any act of Senit deviled tor the chaliifement of the offender : becanfe the LL.of theCoiin- 
 -.cill in no cafe would oifcnd the company and fociety o;' thefe publicans and f.;rmer3, infacha 
 time efpecially.when there was iome need of them. Then the common people took the matter 
 into their own hands, tor to proceed with more feverity agun'.i thefe lewd and fraudulent pra- 
 ttifes.At length, two of the Tribunes of the Commons, Sp.and L«f.'«j,hoth Cdrv.Li croe up and 
 flaewed themfehes. For teeing how odious and infamous an indignity this was, and not to be 
 fuffered they brought M. Poflhumius in quertion. and laid an adion and fet a.*ine upon his head, 
 of two hundrcdthoufand* Afles. When the day of triall was tome, whether the fine arorefaid »^jciib fter; 
 flaould (land and be paid,or taken off and remitted ; and that the Commons were aflembled in io 
 great number, that the great Court- yard of the Capitol would fcarce'y hold the multitude : the 
 defendantipakeforhimfelt and pleaded at large. But the only hope that he leemcd to have was 
 this.^in cafe C'.ServUim Safa a Tribune ofthe Commons,a friend and n;ar kinlinan of Pofihumius, 
 •^wou'.dby vertue ot his place comiC between and iiopthecourfeoflaw for proceeding farther. be- 
 fore that the tribes and wards were called forth,to go together and to give their voices.The two 
 Tribun-sabovenamed, having brought forth the witnelTes to depole, and their depofitions be- 
 ingtaken, comm.mdedthepeop'e to loid andmake way : And the lottery casket or foffervvas 
 br'ouj^ht forth to caft lots in what Tribes the Latines fliould give their voices. All this while the 
 Publicans weje earneli with Cafcaio diilolve the ailembly by one means or other,and put off the 
 Court forthat day. The common people on the other lide.called on hard and gainfaid it, And as 
 it fe'.l out. Cafcahi formoH in one of the points and corners ofthe aflembly.He wrif not what to 
 do his mind was fo perplexed for Hume ofthe one hde,if he did not help his friend and kinfman, 
 and for fear on the other fide, becaufe he fee the people fo eagerly bent. The Publicans leeing 
 *^ fmall hopeof helpin him) with full intent to make lome (lir, r.nd to trouble the Court, put for- 
 ward forcibly and advancedthemlelve? thirouLih a void way, feized upon an high p'ace, and be- 
 tween the Tribunes andthepeople,ruflied in upon them, and flli toquarrell and braul both with 
 the people of the one fide, and alio with the Tribunes on the other: infomuch as they were like 
 to go together by the ears. Whereupon i->/w«nheConl'ul, '' Seeycnot ('quoth hetotheTri* 
 '■• bunesjthowbafely ye are accounted of andmadeofno betterreckonirp amongthem thanpri- 
 " vateperfons ? Sceyenotariot and mutiny toward, unlefs ve make hafle and break upiheaf- 
 " iembly ? So the Commons were dilmiflcd, and a Senate called : Where the Coi»fuIs made relati- 
 on unto the Lords of theCouncill, andcomplained how thelblcmnSefTic-n andCourt of the Tliecom- 
 Commons, wasby the audacious violence ofthe Publicans diliurbed: '■'That Court ( I fay J plaints ofthe'* 
 ^'■^ wheianM. FiiTius CamillHs, upon whofe exile enfued the deliruc^ion ofthe City, fuffred ConluUtothe 
 "• himlelftobecondemncd.by ungrateful Citizens: wherein the Decemvirs afore him by vertue '"*'"* 
 '' of whole laws the City is governed, and vvelive atthi^day : and wherein m.ny principallCi- 
 " tizens afterwards havebeen content to be fet down and judged by the people. Moreover, how 
 '• PofibHtnius Pyr^cnfii by force wrefled from the Commons,the liberty oftheir voi' es and fuffra- 
 " ges : fuhverted andmadevoid thejudiciailScfi'ionottheCommons: curbed the Tribunes and 
 " had no regard ofthem: cameasit were in warlike mmneragainll: the people o'i Rome: and got 
 "for their vantage the higher ground^ to keep the Tribune; from coming unto the Commons: 
 i^_., ''and
 
 ^4.1 7 he five and nventtethBool\ofT,hiVim, 
 
 <■'■ and to flop the tribes for being cal'.cd to Icrutiny and to give their voices : and nothing elfeitH 
 " was that kept men from committing a fray, and lliedding bloud, but the patience of the Magi- 
 " flrates themfelves : in that for the prefent^they gave place to the furious rage and malepart fauci- 
 " nefs of afew : and for his v\ill and plcafure brake up the aflembly, before they could go together 
 '- about the matter they were met for if which thedefcndant himfelf with force & arms wasrea- 
 "dy to ftop snd hinder for going forwaid J becaufe they might have no occalion given them to 
 "quarrel, which was theonly thing that they fcnghc for. When this matter with aUthecircum- 
 flan.es was throiighiy fcanned ot.and the bell men there had fpoken their minds, and given their 
 opinion accordingto the outragioufncfs and indignity of the thing : and thereupon theSenatde- 
 creedithat this violen etendcn toihe breach of .ommonpeace-,and the hazard of the State (a I 
 moil dangerous precedent to befutfered ) then without more ado, the iwoCarvHU Tribunes of 
 the Com/laid af;de clean all debating about rhe pen:.ll fine aforelaid, and indited Poflhamipu of a 
 capitall crime : and comm.^nded hirn to be attached by a ;:rin;ipail Serjeant, and to be led topri- 
 fon,unlefshe put in good fureties for his appearance to ariwer thecaufe, fuchas would be bound 
 for him body for body. Pofthnrhht^ put in bail : and made default at his day. The then Tribunes 
 called the Commons together preferred abilUinco thein, which they granted topafsasanaft^in 
 I ofM-jy. thi; form : That if M. ^'^fihnnuiisct^mz not forth & made appearance before the ' Calends oiMay-, 
 and ';->cin2 cited and called that day.anfwered not to his name, and no lawfull excufe alleaged for 
 his ^ibtcnve they judged him to be a baniflied m3n,and therefore awarded his goodsto be foldin 
 port-iale -.ird himfclftobeexcommunicate, and interdicted the ufe of water and of fire: and to K| 
 loiethe bv-neht of a Cirizentorevcr.This done, they began alfo to endite all thole,one after ano- 
 ther of a cpitall crime,who were his abettors.,and the movers and (lirrers of a fedition and com- 
 oictiono; tlie people and to call for pcrfonal pledges. At the firft they committed as many ofthetn 
 as eould ,lnd no UKh fureties : and c ftcr wards thcfe alfo that were furficiem to put in bail.For the 
 avoidms of wiiich danger, moft of them departed into voluntary exile. This was the end of the 
 Publicaos fraudulent dealing: and this was the iiluc of their audacious enterprifejin defence and 
 ni: incenance of their giiile and deceit. 
 
 After this, a folemn' Court was called for the creation of the Arch-Pielate,and M. CormUtu 
 Cctbeqtis newly elcAcd Prelate ,was the Prefident of this eledlion.Three competitors there were, 
 wno fued for that Prelacy , and (Irived carnelHy one againfl the other : namely, Q^Ftdvms Tlaccus^ L 
 Confui for the time being, who alfo had before been twice Conlul, and Cenfor befides ; alfo T, 
 Ma-dias Torcjiuittis,z man ot great reputation, for that he had beenlikewife dignified with a dou- 
 ble Ccnlulfhip,and one Cenforfliip ;and lafl of 3.\\,P .Licinius Crajfus^ whoas yet,wasio fuefor 
 the jEdiiefnip : howbeit^this young man in that fute and contention was fupetiour, and carried 
 it away from thofegrave,ancient, and honourable perfons. Before him forthefpace of an hun- 
 dred and twenty years,there had not been created any one, the higheff Prieft, (fave only P. Cor- 
 * SmhIa r»- ^^^"" * Ci-.liijfa ) but had lit before in the Ivory Chair and born office of State. The Confui had 
 tli/r. much ado to go through with the Levy, and to enroll the full legion of fouldiers^by reafon thac 
 
 the fmall number of young and able men would hardly afford both to furnifli out the new legi- 
 ons ot Citizens, and alfo to lupply and make up the old. Howbeit the Senate would not funer M 
 them to give over their enterpril'ewh'rh they were about, but agreed that there fliould be cho- 
 fenuvo Ternions of Triuaivirs:the one fort of them to be lent out, within the compafs of fifty 
 milesevery way from /!o;«e;theotherio go farther; with commifTion to take good view and fur- 
 vey,bcth within that precinftiind without, in all through-fares and market towns : inboroughs 
 c nd places of frequent aflemblies ; of all perfons of I'r^e condition that they could fct eye on: and 
 fo many as uiey thought able men of body to bear arms, although they were not come to the 
 liwfnli age for ferv ice, to prefs them for fouldiers. Alio it was decreed, that the Tribunes of the 
 CommoiiSvi ihey fo pleafed, fliould put up a bill,that all under feventeen years of age, who had 
 bound themfelves by military oath, fhould have as goodpayjas if they had beenenrolled fouldi- 
 ers at fe^ cnieen years or upward. By vertue of this decree, the two Ternions aforefaid of the N 
 Triumvirs being chofen^ made diligent fearch;and vifited all the country over for free-born men 
 accordingly. 
 
 At ttie lame tiiiic letters came from y7/. A/arccllus out of Sicily-, concerning the demands of 
 tho'efou 'diets who fervcd under P.Lent^/ns, and they were read in the Senate Houfe.That army 
 conhdcd of the reiidue which remained after the field lofl niCaTma^zrid was confined into Italy 
 ( as hath been faid afore) with this condition, not to return back into /r^// before the Punick 
 war fhomd be ended. Theff i'ouldiers obtained licence of Lf;«f///«i to fend as Embafladors un- 
 to Af.nrcli'us (where he lay in winter harbour) the principal! men of arms,i'uch as lerved on hor- 
 fes allowed by the City , the chicfe Centurions alfo and the braveft fouldiers and choice flower 
 ofthcLegions.Oneot'thcfein the name ofthereft,havinglibercygranted themfortofpeak,madeo 
 T:i; O-ittor. his or ition in this wife.' We had come to you irto /r.-r/j O M.Maycel/us^v/hto you were Confui, 
 r.-onc '.i li.c ■■( iininedi.-.tly upon that decree made again!! us ( which if it were not unjull and unreafonable, 
 o-Tlr'^onfi""i """i'^^ lurely it was heavy and rigorous enough: but that we hoped to be fent into this Pro- 
 f. ,',W,or! Lr.tu ''^in'<= (fogenerally troubled and cut of order by the death of the KK. there to be employed 
 •/iJ-imUui. '"tin fc-me dangcmus and crucll war againd the Sicilians and Carthaginians both at once, 
 ' and to with ourbloudnicd and grievous wounds to makefatisfatlion for our trefpafs unto the 
 •■Magiitratesand rulers ot Rome. Like as inourfathersdaies, they which^ere taken prifoners 
 
 "by 
 
 <.:■
 
 The five and wentieth Boo{ofT. Li vius. 443 
 
 A " by King Pyrrhiss before Heradea-, made amends for their fault by their good lervice aoainfl the 
 
 " fame I'nrbus. And yet, I can not fee, [my LL. of the Senat j for what ili defert of our°parts, ye 
 
 " either have been difpleal'ed aforetime, or are offended at thisprefent with us. Forme thinks-, 
 
 " I fee both Confnls, and the whole body ofthe Senat of /;«>wf,when I behold yoiirface, O Mar- 
 
 "cell.'is: whom if we had had to our Conful atC<j««<c, it would hivegone betterboth with the 
 
 *' Common-weal, and with our lelves, then it did. For I befeech you, fuffer us now, before I 
 
 "I make moan, and complain otour hard (fate and condition, to purge our feives of that crime 
 
 " for which we are blamed. Set cale, that neither the wrath ofthe Gods, nor defiiny and fatal 
 
 "neceirity (upon the Law and decree whereof dependcth the immutable orderand infallible 
 
 B <' courfe and conl'equence of all things in the world) was the caufe th?.t we were defeated & over- 
 
 " thrown at C'<»'.'.t, but our own feives, and our default was theoccafion : let us fee then, whofe 
 
 " fault it was, the fouldiers, qf the Generals ? For mine own part, 1 remember I am a fouldier, 
 
 /'and of my Captain and General 1 will never I'peak hut well; ofhim cfpctially, untowhomi 
 
 "know the Senat rendred thanksiorthat hedefpairednot ofthe common-wealth ; and whofe 
 
 " government e.er hnce his flight and running avvay,hach been prorogued from year to year,and 
 
 "who hath had the condudl: of aimies continually. Neither will lljiy ought ot the reft likewile} 
 
 " whoefcaped that unfortunat foil and defeat, 1 mean our military Tribiins and Colonels, who 
 
 " (aswehearfayjfue for dignities,bear honourable offices in City,yea.and rale whole Provin- 
 
 " ces as LL. Prel.dents in forein part?. It is fo indeed my LL ? do ye lo eahly pardon and forgive 
 
 C *' your own feives and children ? and deal ye fo hardly ,fo rigoroufly and cruelly,again(f n; bafe ab- 
 
 ''jevftperfons,and vile wretches? And was it no iTiame and diflionor imputed to the Conful and 
 
 *' other great perfonages ofthe City to flie, when there was no other hope ? arid were the poor 
 
 "<' fouldiers fcnt by you into the field with this intention, to be all killed up and none to efcapePAt 
 
 '^the battail of ^/H >, the whole army in a manner fled away : Alfo at the flraighcs of Ca-idiunf 
 
 " (to fay nothing of other fliameful foils of our armies) the holt yecided up their armor to the 
 
 "enemy .before they joyned battel. and fought onefirok. Yct,fofar ofl: it was, that thofe armies 
 
 '* fudained anv infamy and fh.imefu! reproach thereforejthat both theCity oi R->,ve was recovered 
 
 " again by the means of thofe Regiments which tied from A'dm to Vct^ and alfo the Caudine Ic- 
 
 " gions which returned to Rome naked.were lent again into Saw:;itir-i well . rmed: who fiibdued 
 
 D '" and brought under the yoke of fubjedtion the very fame enemies, whohad taken fuch pride and 
 
 " joy in that diflionour and ignominy of theirs And novv.for the army before r4,7;;<Cjis any man 
 
 "able to come forth and charge them jndlythat either they fled, or for cowardly fear behaved 
 
 " themfelves unreemly,and not like fouldiersPWhere were Gain in field above fifty thoufand men: 
 
 "from whence the Conful fled withfiftyHorfemenjandnomore:andof whichcompany therejis; 
 
 •'not one remsineth alive but whom the enemy Aveary with killing ,fpared and left. I remember, 
 
 "at what time as theprifoners taken there, were denied money to pay for their ranlome, then 
 
 <= every man commanded and praifed ns.for laving and referving our feives againit another day,to 
 
 " be employed in the fervice of the Common- weal : for returning unto Ve»nfi.t to the Conful, 
 
 " and for making a good (hew of a compleat army. But now, inworfecafeare we, thaninour 
 
 E '' fathers daycs,capti'.es have been that were taken prifoners. Foithey only had their armor and 
 
 " weapons changed for worfe , their rank in the battel (liifced, theirplace in thecamp where 
 
 '' theyfiiould quarter, altered : which notwithftanding, they Recovered again all at onceby per- 
 
 " forming their gooddevoir to their country and winning a vii"\ory in onefortunat battel. Not 
 
 <'oneofthem was ever confined fas it werej to a place of exile : noneputbelide hope tobe dif- 
 
 " charged from fouldiery by ferving out hisfulhimc : and to be brief, they vvere let to fight with 
 
 "fome enemy orother,where theymight once for all either lofe their li'e, or end their difhonor. 
 
 «• And wc,3gainll whom nothing can be objeiled at all, unlefs it be this, that we were the caufe, 
 
 «- and none but wc, that fome citizen of Rome might be faid to remain alive of all thofe that were 
 
 ''at the battel of ( ant: a: we I fay, are fent far enough off, not only Irom our native country, and 
 
 F' //<?/; but alfo from all enemies: wherewewaxold inexile,totheend5that we fhoiild haveno 
 
 " hope, no occahon.ind opportunity to wipe away andcancel our diigrace to mitigate andpaci- 
 
 '■ fie the anger of our fellow-citizens, and finally to die with honor. But it is neither end of 
 
 "fhame, nor reward of vertue and valour, that we defire and crave : but only that we might be 
 
 <• permitted to make proofof our courage, and Oiew ourprowefs. Pains and perils we feek for, 
 
 «' and to be employed in dangerous adventures, like hardy men and brave fouidiers. Two years 
 
 «•' already there hath been Hiarp and hot war in SicUy. Some Cities the Carthaginians won by 
 
 <■' force other fome the Romans took likewife by afl'aulr. WholcRegiments ofi'oot,many troops 
 
 " and cornets of Hor'e encounter together, and afiail one another. At Syracufc there are great 
 
 '' cnterprifes and worthy feats of arms,both by Sea and Land. The fliouts of them that fighr^the 
 
 G " veiy clattering and ringing again of 'heir armor and weapons, wecan hearwhere we are, and 
 
 " wefitftilllikeidlelusks.anddonothing-asifwehad neither hands nor weapons to fight witft. 
 
 '■'■T.Senif-oiiius x\\t Conful, with legions of bond-llaves, hath bidden battel to the enemies, 
 
 '' and fought vvith them in plain field fo oft,that they are well recompcnfed fortheir labour with 
 
 *• gainingtheir freedom fird, and then the Burgeolie ofthe City. Let us yet, in place and quali- 
 
 '« ty at lealhvife, of bondllaves taken up and bought for money againlf thefe wars , fight with 
 
 "thofeenemies.as well as they have done, and by our fight trie, whether wecan regain our cn- 
 
 " largement and liberty .Wil you >our felfjO A^rcelhs-mAo. tryal of us,and of our valour.by Sea, 
 
 Q.q "by
 
 4. ^ 4 'The five and wentieth Bool\ofT, Livius. 
 
 " by Land, in picched field;, and battelrangedjor in giving aiTault and winning of walled Towns ? h 
 " Put us toitjandfparenoc. ThehardelUidventiues^ihemoli paintuland dangerous enterprileS) 
 " are they which we require moft gladly :ihac wemay havethat betimesjand at once-,which we 
 " fhould have come unto at Ca>iK£: Teeing that all the time we have lived hnce.hath been deflined 
 " to our ignominy anddir£,race. 
 
 At thefe words they kll down proflrice at Marcellus his feet. Marcellm anfwered them-.that 
 he had neither power of himfelf, nor connmiffionotherwife, to content them, and fatisfic their 
 requelt. Howbeit, write to theSenat he would : and according as the LL. ftiould give advice and 
 direftionjfo he would do and not fail. Thefe letters (as 1 faid before) were brought to the Con- 
 fuls;and by them read in the Senat-houfe. And after deliberate confultation about their con- j 
 tents, the Senatpaded this decree: That as concerning thofefoddiers, who had lorfaken their 
 fellows fighting before Ca<y:d., the Senacfawnorealon, whythey fl-iould beput intruft any 
 m'ore with the aftairsol the Common-wealth : butif /^.C/;2.'<^;«jihe Proconful thought it good 
 otherwiie, he might do according to that which he judged convenient,'^ and tofiandwith his 
 own credit,and the fafety ol theStste. Provided alwayes.that not one of them fce difpenfed with> 
 and freed from fervice or charge of fouldiery : nor rewarded with any military gift inteflimony 
 and token of his valour : nor yet reduced home again into /r ..7;-,fo long as the enemy made abode 
 there. 
 
 Alter, this, the Pretor for the City, by venue of a decree from the Senat, and an aft of the 
 Commons, sflembled the people together. In v\hich Seffion were created five CommiiTioners t^ 
 called Qn'.>icjHcviri^ for the reedifying and repairing of the turrets and the walls : Likewife two 
 other fraternities of Triumvirs, the one for taking an inventary of all facred things, and to fign 
 and note ail offerings and oblations : the other for reedifying the Temples of Fertune and dame 
 MMuta-iWiiWrn thegate C!ywf»r/j'«, and likev\ife of iJ^t^f without the gatCj which the yearpaft 
 were coniumcd by hre. Great ard fcirful tempers hjpnedthis yeut. On the Alban mount it 
 rained (tones continually fortwodayes. Many places were blalled and I'mitten with lightning 
 from Heaven ; and namely, two Chappels in iheCapitol, and the Rsmpier about thec.^mp and 
 ioit abo\e Si:eJJ'/!/a in divers places thereof: andtwo watchmen in their Sentinels iiriken ftark 
 dead. The vv.U! and certain tilrretsthcrecn at C«w^^5 not only fmitten but alfoflinkcn down and 
 overthrown with lightnings and thunder-bolts. At Ke^ui: there was fccn an huge (lone to flie to t 
 and fro in tlie air. The fun alfo appeared niore red than it ufeth to be, and like to blcud. In re- 
 gard of thefe prodi^iious fehts. there was a folemnProccfiion and fiippiitation all one day : and 
 the Confuis for certain dayes together, attended only uponDivine fervice of the Gods: and the 
 Novendiai Sacrifices were dev outly celebrated nine dayes together. 
 
 Now whereas a long time already both A-/in:Ld hoped, and the Romans alfofufpefted that 
 the Tnrentins would revolt : there fc-li out between^ an occurren. e and outward accident,which 
 haftred it the rather. There was one P/r./f^/ a Tarentine, who having abode long at .Rewf un- 
 der colour of an Embifladcrleger, a bufy headed man, and of an unquiet fpirit, one that of all 
 things could not away with refl and peace, in vvhich fo long as he lived he thought every day z 
 year, and that now he was waxen old and aged therein/ound means to have accefs unto the ho- 
 ilages oftheTarentins. Kept they wereintheCIofe belonging to the Temple of Liberty, vvith^ 
 the lefs attendance and careful eyebecaufe it was expedient and good neither for themfelves, nor 
 for their City, to make an efcape, and deceive the Romans. Thefe hodages he had oftentimes fol- 
 licited ard perfwaded by m.uch talk and many reafons, and at length having bribed and corrupted 
 two fextonsand wardensofihe faid Temple, he trained them forth in the evening out from the 
 place v\here they were infafecuflody: and when he had accompanied them onward on the way 
 as a guide, and directed them how topafs fecretly, heflcd liimfelfand they together. By day 
 break the next morning they were milTed, and their elcape was noifed throughout the City : 
 Whereupon men were fent out after them from all parts, to fetch ihcm in again : who having 
 overt.'kcnthcm at 7/??-fi?c;»^, laid ho'd of them, and brought them back to .^aw^: where in the kj 
 CvniitiK-m they were by the confeni of the people, beaten with rods, and then thrown down 
 headlong from the ciilf T^rpci.!. 
 
 The cruel rigor of this punifhmcnc, caufed much anger ; and provoked two of the noblefl and 
 mo(f timoui Cjreci,-in Cities in /t.-Iyio indignation, not only in publick gencraliy,but alfoin pri- 
 vate pirtii ularly : according as any man was either in bloud joyned, or in alliance and friendlhip 
 linked to them vvho were thus fouly and fliamefuUy put to death. Amorgfl whom there were a- 
 bout thirteen nobleGentlemen of T<t?-f;;r.vw,confpired together and the chief of them were A//fo 
 and PhtloTfJC- es. Thefe confpirators before they would ilir and enter into any a6lion,thought beft 
 tolpeak and confer with Anivbr.l{\i[\: andfo having goneforth of the City. undera pretenceas 
 if they went to thechacea hunting, by night they came unto him. But when they drew neer unto q 
 theccmp. the red hid themfelves within a wood neer unto the high way: Nico svd PLlomenes 
 only went forward lothewatch , and there being taken (as they requefied them.felves^ were 
 brought before A>:?iibr:l. Who when they had delivered unto him theircompIot.and upon what 
 occafionstheycnrred into"ths:defgnment they were highly ccmmended-and prcmifed great re- 
 wards and willed and charged by him, that to the intent they might bear their ccntrf-men in 
 hand, how they ever went cue of ihe City to fetch infomcbooiies.they fliould drive afore them 
 into the City, cerrain catcel of the Carthaginians, which were pur out to pafture and feeding: 
 
 and
 
 The five and twentieth Boo^ofT, Li vius. 4^5 
 
 ^and herewith gave them his word lo doit fafely, and without any impeachment and refiftance 
 wheDloever.Thus thefe yong Gentlemen were feen to bring in good (iore of cattelhand as they 
 were known to make this adventure the fecond time and ofcnerliill, men marvailed thckffeac 
 the matter, and fufpedled nothing. Now upon a new parling and communication with Am-.tbal^ 
 they covenanted with him upon his faithful promile in theletcrms. Imprimis^ for the Tarentins 
 themfelves, to enjoy freely their Lands and goods, and live under their own laws. Item-, to pjy 
 no penfion nor tribute unto Ayanbal^ nor be forced to receive a garrifon againU their wills. And 
 la(i of all, tobetray thegarrifonfouldiersofthe Romans , and ail their tort.eires and places of 
 (trength deliver up into the hands of the Carthiginians. When the!e conditions and capiuiiations 
 B were agreed upon,then Philomef.esVik.A much oitner to go forth and come in again in the nioht: 
 and as he was known to be a gri^chuntetj and much delighted in that oxrcife, he had his hounds 
 following him hard at his heels, and all other furniture about him tit for himtfrnen : and lightly 
 ever he took fome wild beafl or other with his hounds, or eliCgocf imethingfrom theenen»y, 
 that ofpurpofe lay ready for his hands: andalwayesas he brought home ought with him, he 
 would bertow it either upon theCapt.iin of tbe Roman gsriifon, or deal it among the warders of 
 gates. And they all, verily believed and were perfwaded, th.it his going out and in thus, moft by 
 nightjWas only for fear of the enemies. Novv,whenhe had ul'cd this foacculiomably. that he had 
 made it an ordinary praftiie, info much, that at what time of the night fo ever he had but once 
 luredorwhiftled the gate was (freight fet open for him : then ^v«;/..7thoughtit time, toput the 
 C plot abovefaid in execution. Three dayes journey he was ofl'; Where became he would have men 
 the leflemarvail,why hekepta ftandingcamplolongfiillinoneplace he feigned and made him- 
 felfiick. The Romans alfojthaclay ingarrifonat 7 «? •!?»/«,«, gave over to fiirpedl: his long abode 
 and leaguering there. But after that he was determined and refolved to sd-ance toward T'-ren^ 
 fKw, he picked out ten thoufand foot and horfemen together, whom he liippoled for nimbie bo- 
 dies, fwift footmanlliip, and lightnefsol armor, tobemoH meet for expeaition : and with them 
 at the fourth watch of the night he marched forward W'th hisenigns. And having fent out 
 afore-hand fourlcore Numidian light Hori'es, he commanded them , to ride about and fi. our ail the 
 wayes on every ilde , and to calt their eye to efpie and dif^ over ail the coalfs, that no country 
 people afar oft might def^ry and view the army on foot, but they Oiould befeen: and wiihsl ro 
 D bring in, as many as were gone before, and kill all them they met andencountrtd: to ilieend that 
 the Peafants there inhabiting- might think they were Theevcs and Robbers, rather than the 
 vantcurriers and fore-riders otan army. Himlelt in perfon mafLhing with gr.:ai fpecd and celeri- 
 iy,pitched his camp almolt 1 5 miles from Td-reyitum. Neither would he there, be known unto his 
 men of his purpofe, nor tellthem whither they lliould go : ooly he called his fouldicrs together, 
 and charged them to hold on the direft way, and not lutfer any one to turn al^'de,nor in the march 
 go out of his rank or file: and above all things, to beready for to receive their charge and com- 
 mandment from theirCaptains, and do nothing without their warrant and commiflion. As for 
 himfelf,he would when he faw his time,let them know his mind-and whatthe fervice was that he 
 would have done. And about the fame very hour and inftant,news came as far as Tarentumxk^zt 
 Efomefew Numidian Horfemenforraged the country, and had put the villagers in great fright ail 
 about. At whichtidingSjtheCaptainof the Roman garrifon was no more m.oved, normadeany 
 other half, but onlygave order, that fomeohhe Horiemtn the next morning by day light fliould 
 ride forth,tokeepthe enemy from fartherexcurlions.Tn the mean timejthey that had this charge, 
 bare themfelves fo carelefly in providing themfelves to execute that which they were comman- 
 ded , that contrary-wife, they took thofe outrodes of theNumidians for a good argument ,Thai 
 AnmbA with his army was not diflodged,but abodeOillin leaguer where he lay firlf. Anmhd 
 when it was once dark and dead night, began tofet forward. Ph lomer.ss was there ready to be 
 his guide, lodcn with his game hunted as his manner wa^^. The red ofhisconfpiracy waited theit 
 lime to execute their feverai charges, as it wasagrced among them. Now it was ordred between 
 pihem afore. that i*/j/7owf»« coming in attheuuial little wicket, with hisvenifonihathehad hun- 
 ted, ftiould bring in with him I'ome armed men: and Ww/i/^ri/ on another part, come to the gate 
 called Tfwf««, which looked toward theEafi, and flood on the Land fide of the City, a good 
 way within the wall, as it were in a nook. When Ann:bA approacl.ed the laid gate, he made a 
 fire,in token that he was come (as it wasdevifcd between them before) and it liamed forth and 
 gaveafluninglight.Thelike did Nico again. Then tlief.tes on both lides were put out,thatthey 
 made no more blaze. And v-:/««/^4/in great and iVill hlen:e , led his army clofe to the gate. Ntco 
 came fuddainly atuuawares upon the watchmen fjif alleep, killed them in their beds, and opened 
 that gate. An-.nibdtv.K.i^A with his Regiment offoo:men and commanded the cavalry to Bay be- 
 hind, to the end they might have liberty of open ground to ride, whithei foevcr there was need, 
 G and as occahon required. Now by this time, Plvlonuncs alio was comeneer to that little gateon 
 the other fide,wheie he nfed to make his egrefs and ingrcfs to and fro. And when he had raifed the 
 watchman with his voyce fo wel known and wuh his whilUe wherewith now he was familiarly 
 acquainted, &: faid withal,that he was troubled with tugging and lugging ofa foul Scheavy beafl : 
 therewith the wicket was fee open. Two lufty fellows there were carrying in the wild bore be- 
 tween them, and he himfelf followed with one of the huntfmen, lightly & nimbly appointed.and 
 whiles the watchman his eye was upon the two porters that canned thebealf, wondringatthe 
 bigncfs of the bore^and took no heed to himfelfjN'w»».thrufl him through with his fpear.Then 
 
 Ct.q 2 en tied
 
 446 The five andmentisibBooJ{oflL,lAvms, 
 
 tred in after them, about thirty men armed; who killed the reft of the Wiatch, and brake downu 
 the great gates withal : and immediatly there entred the companies with, banner difplayed : and 
 foj forth from thence they were conduced and brought to the marketplace, without making 
 any noife, and there joyned thciniclves co Anmbal. I hen Anmbal divided two thoufand Gauls 
 into three Regirnents, whom he fent into lundry parts ofthe City :snd gave orderto the Taren- 
 tins and the Affricsns.co gee pofitflion of tliemoH principal and populous places ofthe City;ai^ 
 when the cry and iliout w.is on.e up, co kill all the Romans wherefoever, andto fpare the 
 Townlmen. But to the end that this might be orderly done, hegavediredionto theyong 
 Gentlemen aforefaid of r..rM/rt?K,that fo foon as they efpied a far ort, any of their own Citizens 
 and Country-men, they fhould bid them be quiet and (till, to hold their peace, to be of good a 
 cheer and fear nothing. By whu h time, tbey btgan to fet up a (hout and cry, as men ufe to do 
 in a City taken by slfanlt , but what the matter fnould be,no man ofthe Town or garrifon could 
 certainly tell._ For the Tarenrin inhabitants fuppofed .erily, that the Roman fouidicrs ofthe §ar- 
 rifoii wererifen up to fack the City : the Romans on the other lide, thought that the Townfmen 
 mutmed, and they were in docbc oiYcme traiterouspraaife. The Captain himfelf awakened 
 and raifed at the firR tumult, efcapedcothe key, v\ here he took a fmall Barge or whirry-boac, 
 and fled to theCaftle, Tlie Trumpet alfo th.c founded frem the Theatre, made the greaterter- 
 ror : for it was both a Roman Trumpet, pro\ ided aforehand for the purpofe by thofe Traitors, 
 and a Grecian blew it, onewho had no skill; and fo it was doubtful, both who he was that foun- 
 ded , and who they were that he gave fgnal unto. When day appeared, and the Romons faw the v 
 armour of the Carthaginians and Gauls then they wirtwellin whatdoor the wind was,and how 
 the World went: and the Greeks feeing the Romans lying along every where llain, were foon 
 aware that the City was taken by Am-AJMi after it was brpad day light^and that theRomans 
 wno remamed ur.killed, were fled into the Cafile, and the noifc and Iniriiburly began by little 
 and l;itle tofl.-.ke and give oier: then ^';;«/i.::/commandtd the Tarentins to be called to agene- 
 rilaficmbly-andtoprecntthemfelves withoutarms. When ihey were all come together, but' ' 
 only thole who with theRomans were fled for company into tbeCaflle, there to abide fu.h for- ' 
 tune as they ; A>:,ub. I lp.ike kind.y unco the Tarentins, gr.e them good and friendly words, ' 
 rehearfed with great Frcteflation what favors he had lliewed to all their Chizcns, whom he ' 
 had taken priimers either at Tbr.f.mcy.m.oi at Ca;K£ : and withal,afier he had bit teriy inv cigh- r 
 ed agsir.ft the Lordly and proud rule of the Romans Jic commanded e^ery man to rep.iir hometo 
 his own honfeand let his own name upon his dore:for th<u fom.niy houfcs as had not the name 
 wrutcn upon them ofthe Mafler thereof,he would prefcncly upon found of Triimpet,command to 
 be rifled Over and bchdes, that ifany one fliould hap to write his own name, and fet it on the 
 door or lod-mg-houie ot a Roman Ctor he faw divers oftheir houfcs empty) he would take hini 
 tor an enemy and deal with him accordingly. After this fpeech cnded.and the aflembly diflolved, 
 wheri the door, were marked with their cities and infcriptions aforefaid, whereby the houfes of 
 friends and enemies were known diflir.aiy one from another : the (ignal wasgiven byfoundof 
 J rumpet : and then there was running every where from all parts to ranfack the lodgings of the 
 Komans. And fomeprecy fprmkling of pillage they met withal. The next day after..he advanced a- ^ 
 gain(t the Ca Tie to affauk it,which a'ter he faw impregnable- ard not pofl'ible to be won,either by 
 _forcib,eananlt, or by artificial devi.es of fabri.ks and cnoins, by reafon that both the Sea came to 
 jc.wherevvith the greater part therot vvas cornpafl>d,in manner of a demy Ihnd.and alfo fortified 
 be/ides on another part with exceeding hi^h and IkeprocKs: and wirtial, fenced from the City 
 with a flronn wall and deep dit-. h •• thercfcrc, bec^ufe he would neither let nor hinder himfelf 
 trom acchievinggrcatrt- affairs, whiles he was caretuiv binled cncly about celendin^ the Taren- 
 tins^nor yetleave them without a Orong guard, for fe..r left the Romans from out ofthe Gaflle, 
 rnignt at theirpJeafi;re come upon them. he determined to nife a rampiarfor a partition between 
 tneOHleandthcCuy,tor their delenccjg.qiniUhefaid garrifon. Andhe was not out of hope, 
 but that vyhen theRomans fliould offer to iflueforthto binder the faid work,they might alfo be m 
 tought withal: and in cafe they adventured raflily to run on, and cngngethcmfelves too far, they 
 might be cut off in their bcat^ f,: t he ioxccs ofthe garrilon might be fo diminiflied & abated by fome 
 great llavghrer & execution that the Tarentins ofihemfelves fliould be able with eafeto defend 
 or^n rh" W^M " ^''^'^.•, J^' '"'"'^ "^ ""'^ ^^^^ "^^ ''° '"'^o" bcgun but thcRomans all of a fuddain,fec 
 ff k.-ri Ti '^''f ?'''^ ^""''^ ^ '■"^^''"^^ "P°" ^^^ P'°"^''^ 2s they were labouring about their 
 £"1 nff '^ r 'o.^" J attended torthedefenceof the workmen, and flood bcforethcir work, 
 
 f\ Z^AU J themlelves to be put back, to the end that the enemies upon theirfirft fuccefe, 
 
 ^Zu ^I'^i^^^'^ '^venturous ■■ fuppollng that the further they gave grotmd.the more ofthe other 
 would loJlowafrer and chalethem.Which being perceived theCarthaginiws whom ^««,Whad 
 h^,7, • °V7 •L'^"'P°'^'''"'^''^'^'"'"^'"^''^'^^y^^^'3PPoi'^ted.rofeoucofallparts,aBdmad 
 ne.ia again. Neither were the Romans able to.abide their forcible violence Aiid flie thev could 
 
 After 
 
 d^Pn"r5;r/i^'<L""- -'V" T- ' "^ " '"^ -isarjind none durfl venture to hinder it. So he cafl a mighty 
 oeep ditch,& rahed an high r.mpier within it. Alfobehindir, a prety diftai^e off.he went in band 
 
 to
 
 The five andtmentietb Bool^ofTXAvixis. 4 47 
 
 A to build a mure or wall to it, in the very lame quarter; that they mi;;ht be able even without any 
 guard at all, orHrength of men, to defend themlelves agsinR the Romans. Hcwbeit, helett them 
 an indifferent band of ibuldiers, wht.h might withal help cut fomewhat in making of the walJ. 
 Himfelfthen departed with th&reHof his army as tar a the River 6'. /-/^r/ /'five miles off from the 
 Cicy) and there encamped. From which landing camp, became ba.k on:e again co furvey the 
 work: and finding that it went better torward than helookedfor, he began to con. eiic feme 
 good hope that the citadel alio might be won by afliuk. For why it was not defended lurely by 
 liciiation on high ground, as others are, but Icated on a plain and I'i vided from the City,by a wall 
 only and a ditch. Now when as it begantobeaflailed with t.i bricks, and artillery devifed of all 
 glorts, there h.ipned a new hipply to be Tent lr^m Aicr^'fontam to aid the garriion : whereby the 
 Roman" took he.irt unto them, in lb much as in the njoht time ot a (uddainand before they were 
 looked for, they I'et upon the labricks and ordinance ot the enemies planted thereupon: fome 
 they call: down and overthrew, others they fired and conlumcd. And there an end of ^««;i4/ 
 his aflault of the Cartle trom that fide. 
 
 The only hope behind now, was in continual ficee: and yet thst hope promifed no great ef- 
 fei\,becau ethey that held the Ca!t!c. had the Sea free at their command, all chat fide, whereas 
 the laid fort (Handing as it were in an half llbnd^overlookcth the month of chehaven;and the 
 City contrary-wiie-was wholly leclndcdfrom a! cntertourfe of pnil^ge and commcditics coming 
 in by Sea, and liker were they that beiiegcd the foitrefs, to feel the want and fcarcity ofvitStu- 
 (3 als. than thole that weie befieged within it. Then yhmibal alter he had called together the prin- 
 cipal citizens oi Tarefiit:my laid open unto them all, theprelent difiiculties, faying ; "That he 
 "neither law any way to win by force the Calile lo lirong and fortified as it was, nor had any 
 '' hope acalito gainitby ficge , fo long as the enemies were Lords of th^: Sea. Butiftheyhad 
 '' fliips onre, whereby they might hinder and (lay the coming in of their vii^iuals ai^d other 
 •■' crjjnmodiiies, the enemies immediatly would either quit the peece^ oryeeld thcmfelvcs. The 
 ••'Tarentins held well with that, and approved the device. But (lav they) he that giveth us that 
 *■• counfeljmult alio aftoordusmeans to cftevflthelame. For the Carrh.igminn iliips if they were 
 '■' lent lor, and fet out of SicJy might well do the feat : mary, as for ourown which lie fhut up 
 ''asic were, within a littlecreek andbay, coniidcr ng th-it the enemy keepeth the mouth andcn- 
 £) '* try of the haven, how is it poflible that they fliould get out from their haibour into the open 
 '•Sea, and pafs without danger ? Pflfs ('quoth he? j Pa fs they flvall, make no doubt of that. 
 *■• Many things, Itellyou, confidered in tlieir own nature arccumber.omeand difficult, but by 
 "pollicy and wit of man are eafily welded and wrought with allcight.Yehave a City hereleatea 
 •'upon a plain and champain ground, the wayes anfwering to every fideofit arceven,large and 
 *• broad enough, yea, and open to all quarters. I will thine that way whi.hcrofleth thcmidllof 
 '■'• the City, and paffeth along to the haven and the Sea, andlb will carry and tranfport thefhips 
 *' upon wains, with no great ado and trouble. And lb, both the Sea fhall be ours dear, which 
 "now (he enemies keep, and alib we fhall befiege the Cafile round, as well by Sea as by Land: 
 "■nay, more than that, within fliort time we fliall either enter it, being abandoned of iheene- 
 E" mies, orelfebe maflersboth ofitandthemtogether, 
 
 Thefe words not only put them in good hope, that the cnterprile would be effected, but alfo 
 fet them ina wonderful good conceit and admiration of t he Cape j in himlelf. Then out of hand, 
 all the wains and carts v\ ere taken up froru all places as many as could 'e had, and were put toge- 
 ther, and coupled one toanothcr. Divers cranes and other inlirnmcnts were fet to,for to draw 
 up the fhips to Land the way made plain and level, that the carts might go more eafily, and pafs 
 away with lefs trouble and more expedition. After this they got together draught o.xen cart jades 
 and other labouring bealts, yea, and men alio for to draw :and thus the work was lull ily begun, 
 infomuch,as within few dayes, the fleet well rigged, appointed, anddreffed, was brought about 
 the Ca(He,and rid at anchor even in the avenue Jk entry of the haven. In thefe terms (tood Taren- 
 f tHm-, YihtnAnnihalMi it, and returned back to his wintering harbours. But authors write di- 
 vetflyof this revolt of 7'^rf;;:«/M, whether it hyspned the year pal), orat this prefent. Butthc 
 greater number of them, and thofe that livedneerer to that time, when the remembrance of 
 thefe matters was frelh, affirm that it was this very year. 
 
 At A'777;f, theConfuls and Pretors both remained fiill until the * fifth day before the Calends 
 of M.iy^ by occafion of the Latin holy-dayes, upon whichday, when they had performed a folemn 
 facrifice,v>iih allco.mplements thereto belonging, on the All-anHiW, they departed every one to 
 his leveral charge and Province. Afterthis,therccreptinio the minds of men a new fcrupulofity 
 of confcience upon certain prophetical verfesofone Martutt-, a noble and famous Prophet in 
 limes paft. Now,by reafon that in the year before, there was diligent fetch and inquifitionmade, 
 Q forfuch books of Forf«»f, according to a decree granted out of the Senat, thofe vcrfes came to 
 light, and to the hands of M. t/£tnyliHs Pretor of the City, who fat upon that commiflion. And 
 be immediately gave them to Sulh the new Pretor. Of two Prophclies of M.irt/«i, the one, 
 which aftcrw.uds caricd the greater authority with it, by realbn ofihe event that hapned fo 
 right, and declared it lb evidently, caufed the other alio, whereof the time was not yet come,to 
 be of credit and believed. The former contained a Prediilion of the overthrow at Cw;7<£,in thefe 
 orfufh like words: 
 
 Q.q 3 From
 
 44^ "^hefive and mentkih Boo\ojT. Livius. 
 
 o 
 trom Trcjane litie^ O Romane eace dffccKded, 
 Flie Canna R.vcry neer to Cannae Town : 
 
 Left flrargers bcrn-, who knve thy death intesded^ 
 Force thee to fight on Diomede his down. 
 But TVarKing mtne-, t hott wilt net refl ttpea^ 
 Until with tlor.d thoufirjl do fill the plain i 
 And then to Sea from fr^.ttfttl handt atjon 
 Thy menP^-ill down thefirccm by thoy.fiAnds fialn. 
 
 Thy ficfi> rnufi: hmt thififi) in Ocean deep, • , j 
 
 ylnd lure ihcfoules that fiic front high to prey-, 
 yindfecdwddbc'-fis^ en Cdrth helow that keep. 
 Mari^well my words, j ove thus me taught to fay. 
 
 Andthey who liadbeen fouldicrS, and fervedinthofe wars, kcew asperfe^llyl'/Wfj/whis 
 
 plains, and the River *CV;;f^, as they did the very defeat it lelf, and lofie at C/f»;;<c. Then was 
 
 • The fairs the other Propheiy likewife read, which was the darker of the twain : not only becaufe future 
 
 that AuWus, j^jj,^j gj.g jj^pj.g unccrt^'.in , than thofe which are paft already ; butalfo by reafonofihe kind of 
 
 writwn<T, which was more obfcure and intricate, in thefeierms : 
 
 If enemies ye would expel^ if botch and pUguie fore 
 » /IpoUo is cal- ^ Sey:t from a jar-, ye nould dr:vc forth-, and vexed be vio Kore; 
 
 Jed in Homer To Phabus (^Korrtans) I advife^je vow. frcr.i year toycr-r 
 
 I la. 3. ■ l{t 0- J- r^ forth tlay es in (demn »'.-/f , with mirth and merry chtar. 
 
 los. !. iliootmg ■'■',,■'^,,7,1 , n r , I <■ I r 
 
 jfjf j,(f_ From publtciijhck^-} the people m::fi-, part of the charge disturje : 
 
 7 he r(fifhallye,foryoH andyottrs.^ defray with primal pv.rfc. 
 . Thefvveraigii Prctor mufl procure thcfe games to bcperform'd, 
 'iVhoftts inpLce^ mens pleas to hear-, and fee all wrongs reform d. 
 Then fo,illthe ten Dccewv/rs hight.,the Grerl^'fh rites obferve, 
 hi fl-ijing b-cafl s for fieri fice^ and nothing' fomthcm fvcrve. 
 If all be done accordingly, yortr joy (hall aye incrcafc, 
 four Slate fhall duly grew in wealth, afcdfruit s of blcjfcd peace. 
 For Cicdyipollo wdl you fave, he will your fues dijlroy, 
 who At thetr pleafure viafi your fiildsy and work^ }0^ s?such (UKoy. 
 
 K 
 
 J 
 
 For the explanation and expiation both, of this prophcfie, they took one whole day. And 
 the morrow after, there psfied a decree irom the Senate, That the Decemvirs fiiould perule and 
 look into the books oi Sibylla about the exhibiting of thofe faid games, in the honour of Apollo-, 
 and celebrating likewife of thefacrifices. And when allwaspcrufed, and relation made before the w 
 Senat : the Lords made an Aft, and fet down an order ; Fidl, to vow and fct forth folemn pa- ._ 
 fiime? accordingly, to the honour of ^pa//tf, //fw^, After the Games were done and finiflied, to '■ 
 » i-jllh. lo.lh. allow the Pretor* tvvelvethoufard Afle=; , toward theexpenfcs of the divine fervice , and two M 
 fieri. Greater beaPis forfacrifice.Therepaficdalfoanotbcr Aft of the Senat, That tbcDecemvirs fliould 1 
 
 celebrate divine fervite;and facrilicc after the obfervance and rites of the Grecian;; and offer up- 
 on the Altar thefc bcalls, to wit, an Ox with guildcd horns, and two white tcmal Goats, with 
 ouildcd horns ]ikewife,for Don Ap Ho : and aCow with horns, in like manner guilde<l-for Dame 
 Latena. The Prcf.r , when he wf s to reprcfent the Games within the Circus Maxinitis, gave 
 commandment and made proclamation, That the people, during the time of thofe folcmniiies, 
 fiiouid contribute money, for an offering to ^p llo. every man according to his ability, and as he ^ 
 mioht wellfpare. This is the beginning of the ApollinareGames and Playes exhibited fortoob- 
 tein viftory, and not for to efcape fomeplague or peflilence, as moff men fuppofe. And when 
 they were celebrated, the peopleiiood to behold and look on, adorned with garhndsupon their 
 heads, and the dames and matrons of the City wentinproceflionjand made fupplications. Every 
 mans doore vva:^ fct open,and they feaded and made p,ood chear generally through the City in the 
 GpeniTreet;andahigh holyday this was, folemnifed with all kind of ceremonies that could be 
 devlfed. 
 
 But to return again to -/i;7>?jW, vvho was about 7~l7^tf;jf«w ; and both Confuls remaining in 
 Sam>iiurtj,\mx. ready, as it fecmcdjiobeliegcC^jfrt-:: it fell out.,that the Campans already were di- 
 fircfled with hunger and famine, (a cslamity that ufually followcch long and c-on:inual iiege) and O 
 the rcafon was, bccaufc the armies of the Romans had impeached and hindred their feednefle. 
 Therefore they difpitched Embafladors to Annibrd-, befeeching himthat he would take order for 
 grain to be brouglu into Capua , from all parts necr adjoyning, before that rfie Confuls were 
 come abroad witli their legions into their territorvi and all the wayes befet, and paflages flopped 
 by the guardsand companies of the enemies. Whereupon, Amnbd 2,:i^t^\i<idi\o\iio Hanno-, 
 that he fliouldrcmoveout of the country of the Brntii, and pafle over with his forces into C<«w- 
 /Mw^j^andendeavourfo, that the Campans might be provided of fufficientP.oreofcorn. Then 
 
 Han»ff
 
 The five and indent ieth Boo{ ofT, Li vius. 4 <| p 
 
 f^ 7/.?«;;oaiflodged anon, and departed with ail his power out of the* Briitianscountrey.purpohng ^ Ahrwzd. 
 to avoid the leaouer ofhis enemies, and namely thcCionlni?, who lay in Samniurn : and when he ^ 
 
 sppronchcdnecrto* /^fWTc>;/«w,hepicthcd his Tent-; three miies trom the City it felf, i;pon a ^ saiiV(r.iKot 
 high ground. After which, he commanded, that tbe torn il.oi^d'be brought to him into his coicordiaU- 
 (.a:rp, out of all the afibcint and confederit Cities thcieabont,into whiih it had been carried in Iowa. 
 the Tummer afore; and allowed a good guard lor the lafe convoy thereof, A'.rcrthis, hefenc a 
 nitfil-nger to f /i/i'^.-r, to give them notice, npon what d^y tlTcy fliouid attend, and be in readineflTe 
 torcceivetheircorn ; and agsinl thetimc, pro.ide out oi thecoiintrcy for the carriac^e, carts, 
 wains, and dranght-bealls, and pack-hor es uf all I'ofts, But the Campan";, like a?; they carried 
 
 ]i thcmfclves in all things cl'.e, idlyard ncg.ii;crtly,'.o inihi- tlicy were very flsck and retchlefs :for 
 they lent liu:C .ibovc lorty carrcs. and lome few bealis ior cavri,-!ge heiidcs. For whi.h they hsd 
 a check given them, and were rebuked by Hayina ; becanf<2 that hiinuer, which caufcih the very 
 dumb beaft to beli ir it felf and make hard fhifts, was roc able to pri;l< ihem forward to be more 
 carelul about their own bui'.ncfs. So there waf a farther day appcincci for to fet.h their corn, 
 and to come more Inrriifned and better provided for carriage. A 1 thisbeiri; reported to the 
 men of Ba event um , with the cirviimfiancesard particrlu'sras it was, they addreOed with all 
 fpeed ten Embaffadcrs to the Roman Coninls, en:ampcd then about Bovmnir,]. Upon which 
 intelligence given of the affairs at Cr-pjt.i; they took order, and agreed h twccfi thcmrelves, that 
 one of them fliould ( onduil: an army into Cr.rr.f^mj. And Fi'hilnjWho undertook that charge, 
 
 C marched by night to BaicveKtiim-, and put himfelfwithin'the wails of the Town. And therelie 
 was advenifed by them that dwelt neer hand , That Jl.r.i-io was gore out with p.irt ofhis for- 
 ces. !or to purvey corn ! th^t there were 2000 carts come, with a aide and difordcrly multitude 
 hehdes of people, without armor; that ail that they did was in hurry, in had, and great fear; and 
 linaliy, that the camp was out of form and fafliion, and a!lgood rni.itjry orderTleangone, by 
 roalon of a rabblc^ik muititudcof country clowns come out of thofequavtcrs-^andentermingled 
 srr.ongft them. The Conlv?!, lfp.y,beingcnforined for certain by credib.e perfons.ofrhefe things, 
 gave his iouldiers warning to mike ready againii the nextniehrenfuir.i^, nothing but their en- 
 ngns and wc.ipons, for that they weretocharg^ upon thecamp of the Carthaginians. And fo 
 they ict forward at thereiiefot the fourth wat.h, leavingthcirpacksand truHiis'^with allthcirb.ig 
 
 D 2nd baggage behind them at Urvcvonnw ■• and prc^entingthcmi'elves before the camp,fomewhac 
 before day, they pK them into fu.h abodily fear,andfo terrif-ed them, thatifit had been pitch- 
 ed upon a plain ground, no doubr, it had been won at the firit aflault. But the heiijht of the 
 place, and their rampicrs and fortilicaiions befides, which could not pofiibly bcente'rcdupon, 
 without ciiming upon the Hecp hill with much di(fi;ulty, vyere a defen e unto ir. By daylight 
 there wa.s a nifty affaultgiven.and a hot skirmifli begun," but the Carthaginians not only defended 
 and kept t heir rampier, but alfo (as having the vantage of the gronrTd;:hey chafed and thruft the 
 enemiesbackjasthey mounted up ihehiil, Howbeit, refoJutehardiner.e overcame allhardnefs 
 and ditfiailties whatfoever; For indiverfeplacesat once.they advan.edas far as thebanksand 
 tren:li£s; but it cod bloudy blows ilr'f, and the death of many afouldier. The Conful therefore 
 
 E calling the Coronels and ivlarOials together , faid, it werenot amiffe togive over that ralli and 
 heady attempr,and.as bethought, it werethefafercourlejforthat dayto retirethearmy loBc- 
 neventiim, and on the morrow to encamp themfd' es afront the enemy, to the end-that neither 
 thcCampms might gctjbrth, nor .^/.ia^jci return .ind enter into the Town again. And that this 
 might be tlic fooncr citcdcd, and with a great deal moreeafe,he would fend for his Colleague 
 a!fo with his army, and both ol them jointly bend their forces that way. Butthefe devices' of 
 the Captin general were foondiOu. For as he was about to found the retreat, the fouldiers 
 with a loud voycc c ied out. thnt they could not away with fuch faint Captains ; they fcorncd to 
 be commanded in fo cold and Hothful fervice ; they would none of that : and fo put the Conful 
 «ut o^ his ben:. It hapned, that next unro the gate entring into the enemies camp, there ferved 
 
 F'l cohort or company of the Pcligr.i, led by Captain l^ibit'ts-, who caught the b.innerout of the 
 bearer his hand, and flung it over the rampicr and with thar/e'l to curiinghimfeif and his com- 
 pany both , wiiliinga pligue light upon him and them to , iftheenemics went away with thac 
 ["""f : 3nd therewith Jed himfeifthe way, and brake fird through the trench , and over the pal- 
 lailaco into their cainp. Now by this time the Peligni fought within the rampicr: arxithenF^- 
 h-:iu F/„-rr.<.taCoronel ofthe third legion, from another fide fell to upbr.iid the Romans, and 
 hit them inthe teeth with ibeirbeaflly cowardice,for fufteringtheir allies to havcthe honor of 
 entring ard taking the camp. Whereupon T.Pdimtu (a centifrion ofthe Regiment called Pr/«- 
 ojps;, and fen ing in the fir(i plate thereof) took likewife an cniign from hi.m that carried it, and 
 with.iK Now niali, quoth he thisenfign, and this Centinere ( meanin,; himfelf) prefentlybe 
 
 G within the rampierOi the enemies: let me fee who dare follow, and favc it from being taken by 
 the enemy. At find, his own band and company followed him hard at heels, as heclambred to 
 get over iheratnpicr, and t'.Kn the whole legion cam.e after likewife. By this timc,the Conful alfo 
 feeing his fouldiers climbing o.er the rampier, changed lils purpofe, and was of a clean other 
 mmd : and from calling and reclaming his fouldicr; back , fell toexhort and encourage them, 
 flicwipg in how great hazard and danger a right hardy and valiant cohort of allies were, and the 
 whole Legion ot Citi.'.enj beiidcs. They all therefore fet to and every man did his belt : and not- 
 withilanding there w-ts many adart driven and jivclin Janccd, no; withltanding the enemies op- 
 
 pofed
 
 AtQ The five andiwentieth Bgo\o[T Xamims. 
 
 pofediheir armor and bodies full againft ihem yttthey never (lirted to afi"ay c\cry placcjas wellpj 
 high as low, until they were broken through, and gotten in. Many a man was hurt (jemaybe 
 lure) but yet even they that bled until they fainted, and were not able to hght any longer^carried 
 this mind and llrovc withal, to die yet within the rampicr ot their tntmies. Thusintheturnirg 
 of an hand the tamp was won , aseafily as if it had been pice bed t^pcn a plain and even ground, 
 and net fortified at all with trench and rampier. From thii, time now, there was no mote fight- 
 ing, but killirg on all hands in that tumult and confulion of pell mell within the camp. Slain 
 there were of enemies more than hxthouland, and above lev en thoulard taken prilbners, toge- 
 ther with the Campanpurveiors for corn , and all the provifon ofwains, carts, and labcrring 
 beafts. Behdes another huge booty was taken, whit h lia ;;» when he went a toraging all abroad, j 
 had railed out of the country of the aflociats of the people oi Rome. Then the Ccnful after he 
 had call down all the fortifications olthe camp.,returned from thence to Ber,evintiitK. And there 
 both theConfuls together (for J-p. Ci^tudim alio thither came after a few dayes^made fale of all 
 the prizes and pillage, and divided the fame. ril?ius the Pelignian, and T. Ped.ii us a principal 
 centurion of the third legion, by whole forward ard frgulargocdkruie, the camp ot the ene- 
 mies was forced, were rewarded efpecially above the relf. //.«»«»thentogetbtr with feme few 
 forr.-gers whom by chance he had with him returned lromrow/w«»? C critum (whither the news 
 came of the loffe of the camp) into the Brutians country, more like one that lied in rout, then 
 m?rched inwarlike order. 
 
 The Campans alio having heard, as well of their ownlcffesas of their allies, fenr Embdfladors ,. 
 unto Ayinibal^ to (crtify hmi ; "-That both the Conl'uls were at Benevintum^ that the war was 
 " within a dayes journey ot C^;>,'<^, and but a (lep from the very gates and walls of the City : and 
 " unlefs he made good halt to fuccour and reft ue tl.cm, C^p«i«wcu;diooner come under the 
 ''obedience and fubjei\ion ot theenemies_than ^;-;7/did. And he was rot tomake futh areck- 
 " nirg of zWTa^ent :im(mvx\\ lefs then of the CalUe aione}as in regard ihtrcof to leave C^^-pua un- 
 ' de'ended, and yeeld it to thepeople ofiJfl./.c, C.i;';<«l lay.whi.h he was wont to compare and 
 " make equal with the City oi Rome, An>:ib. /promifcd that he \%on'.d take care for the good 
 ellate of the Campans : and fortheprefent he lenttwo thoufand Horlemen v\ith theEmbafla- 
 dors, as a guard to keep the coimiry and territory from invafion a: d Ipoil. 
 
 The Romans in this mean time, among othcrtheiraffairs , negieittd notthefafety of the » 
 Calllcof Tl«rf;?f«»j, and thegarriicn thcrebei.ef^ed. FcrC. 5fy7,v/;«.i Lituteratit^ byorderand ' • 
 authority olthe Senat, was lent by /".Coj-zit/./zj the Prctor into Hnrur.a, to purvey for tornjard 
 to buy ft ore: who with certain fhips laden therewith, arrived in the haven otT<t--Mf«»; pafllng 
 even through theguardsofthe enemies. At whofe coming, they that before whiles they had hi'C 
 fmall hope, were ottentimes by way of parly moved by the enemies to go to the contrary lide now 
 themfelves began to perlwade and loUicit the enemy to come unto them. And the gartifon fiire- 
 . ly was flrong enough, coni'.dcring that the fouldiers which lay at A'tet.ifomutny were drawn from 
 thence tothe dtience and keeping ofthe Caftle ciTare^.tum. And theiefore theMetapontins, fo 
 foon as they were delivered of the fear whereby they were kept and held in as with a bit, revol- 
 ted unto Anmbal. Semblably did the Thurins alfo, who inhabited the lame traft by the Sea hde. 
 They were moved and perfvvaded thereto , not fomuch by the itbellion ofthe larentinsand 
 Metapontins, v\ith whomthey were linked in kindred, and joynednecrinb'.oud (over and be- 
 fidesthat they weredefccnded as well as they. out o{Ach<:ir.) as with argcr toward the Romans 
 for the hoflages lately by them killed. Their friends therefcre and kinsfolk difpatchcd letters and 
 mefleneersunto/Z^^wand Mag^a (who were in the country of the Briuii neer zx. handj offer- 
 ing to deliver the City into their hjnds, if they brought their power and prefcnted it before their 
 walls. Now wasthereoney^/. v^f;>('«/, Captain thereover afmallgarrifrn, whom theyluppo- 
 fed mightbeeafily drawn forth ofthe Town to make fomerafh andinconfderat skirmifh,prefu- 
 raing not fo much upon hisown fouldiers (who were but an handtul Jas upon the youth and flour 
 of the ThurijnSi whom he had of purpofe enrolled into bands and comp:nie'?, and furniflied vj 
 with armor againf} the like occafions of fervice. The Carthaginian Captains afore named, had 
 divided alhbcir forces between them in two p:.rts,and were cnrred Into the territory of Thnrii •" 
 and Har.-no\s\\S\ his Regiment of footmen , advanced with bannersdii'payed before the City : 
 Mago with the Horfemen, ftaid behind tlofe among the Hills, over-againlt the Town, and there 
 lay tccretly inambufh. Atim»t\\\.zxi-, whobyhisefpials was enformed only ofthe fquadrons of 
 footmen, came torth with his forces into the field, ignorant(God wot) both of thefalfhoodand 
 treafon of theTownfmen, and nlfo ot the covert trains and ambufhment ofthe enemies. The 
 skirmifh of footmen was exceeding faint ard cold, whiles the Romans being but few, fought in 
 the vanguard: and the Thurins looked rather when the skirmifh fhouldcnd,ihan made any haft 
 to fight themfelves and help : and vvirhal, the fquadrons of the Carthaginians gave ground for ^ 
 the nonce, to train the enem.y as far as the fide ofthe Hilh under which, on the other fide their 
 Hor'emen by in wait and wereambufl-ied. Ard thither they were rot fofoonccme, but the 
 Horlernen made hall to'"fliewthemfelves, with a great outcry, and prefemiy put to flight the raw 
 and difordered company and multitude of the Thurins ; vvho were not very faft and found in 
 heart to them on whofe fide they fought.TbeRom.ins albeit they were environed round, whiles 
 the footmen lay flill at them on the one fide,and the Horfemen charged them a-frefli on the other 
 fide, yet they mainteii:cd fighCiand held out a long while : but at laft, they likewife turned their 
 
 back
 
 The five andtmentieth Boo\of~TAJiv\us. 451 
 
 /^back and fled to the City. There the traitors and confpirators being gathered together on 
 heaps, fofoonas they had let in at the gates ftanding wide open, the companies of their own ci- 
 tizens : when they faw once the Romans running apace in dilaray toward the City, made a talfe 
 alarm, crying aloud that the Carthaginians were at hand, and that both enemies andfriends toge- 
 ther intermingled, would enter the Cit), unlefs they made better haii tofliut the gates. So they 
 excluded the Romans out, and gave them a? a prey to behewninpeeces by their enemies. How- 
 beit,^n/;///j-with Ibmetew, wasreLci. ed within the Town hrli. After thi?,t here was ibme mu- 
 tiny and diffention between the citizens themtehes, for a little while. Some were of mind co 
 (tand upon their guard anddefend the Town: others were of opinion, to'yceld unto fortune ok 
 B.thetime,and deliver it up co the \ic>ors hands. Bucinconflunon , forcUKc .ind bad counfel to- 
 gether, (as forthemofl partitfaileth out) prevailed. And fo , after they had brought ^//«n« 
 and his Ibuldiers CO the haven r.de, unto their fhips for to be embarked , more upon good will 
 that they bare to him for his miid r.nd juli government , srd therefore were ready to lave 
 him, than for any regard at all they had of the Romans, they rci.ei\cd the Carthi^ginians into the 
 City. 
 
 The Conful? then led the legions from Be^iez'e>itum into the territory o^Caj)t<a,r)ot only to mzkz 
 fpoiland marre the Lorn, that was laid up already in iirong Towns Pgaintt wmicr, butalfoto 
 aflail C4/1W.Z : uippohng they fhould make theirConfuifliiprenowned untopolkrity, byihede- 
 ftru£lion of fo rich and we*lthy a City : andbefides, do away ch<it great dillionour and ilMmcful 
 
 Cblemifli of the Empire of ixo/w^^infufteringaCity foneervinto them to.ccntinue now three years 
 in rebellion, without re^enge and condign punifl-imenr. Bat co the end that Botcvemum fliould 
 not be without a guard, and chat againli all tiiddain ?,ccidencs and occurrences of war, in cafe 
 >^»,7//4.'niould come to C^p?/<j, fortorefcueand aid his allies , (v^hich they made nodqubtbut 
 he wou;d do) there might be Horfemen to withliand his violence : they commanded T^Grr.cchus 
 to come out oiLuca-ita^ with the cavalry and light armed tootmen ; and to t.ike order and Jeave 
 fome other to govern the legions and the rtarrdingcamp, for the guaid and defence of thofe 
 parts there. 
 
 6r<irir/;»« before he diflodged out of the Lucans country, hapncd to have a fearful and prodigi- 
 ous token, as he offred facririce. For after the facrihie was performed and acccmpUn-ied, two 
 
 £) Snakes came ghdingoutofablind hole, no manknew how, to theertiails oftliebeaB, ardfell 
 to eat the Liver: and fo foonas they were eipied iudd.-iinly g id out offght and were no more 
 leen. Now, when as the bowel pryers had given advl:e to kill a rcvv facrifice,and fo foon as the 
 inwards were opened and laid foorth, to tend and look unto diem moreheediuily ; the Snakes 
 came again, as it is reported, the fecond and third time: and when they h-id once given as it were 
 anaflay, and taf^ed the Liver, they went cleer avTay without hurt and untouched. And albeit 
 theSoothfayersaforefaid, had given an Iteray and toretoid, that this prodigious iightperteined 
 properly unto the chief Captain and General, and warned him to take bced of fome dofe perfons 
 and fecret praftiles : yet his fatal deRiny of death that hung over his head ,couid by no forecaff and 
 providence be aittred and avoided. Now there was one FUvnu a Lucane, the principal head of 
 
 E that bend and fide of the Lucans, which when the other.faiSlion revoked unto ^?!K?^.t/,took the 
 Romans part; and having been by them chofenthe Prartor.h.id continued in that place of Magi- 
 flracy a year alre.idy: this man all on a fuddain chanced his mind and afieftion, and leekingto 
 windand enter into the favour of yi;;»/(^4/, could not be content to revolt himlelf, andtodraw 
 with him the Lvicans to rebellion ; unlefs he made a league alfo .ird covenant with the enemies, 
 and fealed it with the murder and bloud of his General .• ofhini(Ifay) who being entertcined 
 and lodged in his houfe, hepurpofed villanoufly to betr.iy. He entred therefore intolfecret fpeech 
 and conference with Muq^o. Governour over the Brutii, and havingcapitnlated with him, urdec 
 his faithful word andpromile. That if he delivered the Roman General into his hands, the Lu- 
 cans might live in freedom under their own Laws, in league and amity with the Carthaginians; 
 
 F he told him of a place into which he would bring (j>-4r<r/;«y, with a fmall company and guard a- 
 bouthim : willing Af^j^o to put hisfoot and horlein3rms,ar,d infuchaplaceaforehand where- 
 in he might bellow clofely and fecretiy a mighty number o' men. When the place was well view- 
 ed and conhdcred all about, they agreed upon a day- for putting this plot inpraif i'e. This done, 
 FliiviH! Cometh to the Roman General G'/-^Ci;/;«;,andenformeth him that he had begun an enter- 
 prile of great confequence for the accomplifliment nrrd full pcrfeil:ing whereof, heneeded the 
 helping hand q\ Gracchus himfelf ; " Namely, he had perfwaded with all the Praetors and Go- 
 " vernors, who in that univerfal and general trouble of all h^ly. had revolted unto Ayimbal, for 
 ''to return again into theleague and Iriendfliip of the Romans r feeing that the Roman flare and 
 "their Dominion, which by the overthrow nCayma was come in a manner to the loweft ebb, 
 
 G" and fain into extreamdefpair, flowed now afgain, and grew everyday more than other, greater 
 " and mightier ; whereas contrary-wife, the puiflance of Anmhd decayed much, and was well- 
 "neercometo nothing: befides, the Romans were men that mighr be appealed and reconciled 
 " again, e'.pecially the trefpafs being fo long ago done and part : for never was there nation un- 
 " der the fun, more tradable, more exorable and ready to pardon a fault : and how often have 
 " they (to go no further for examples) forgiven the open Rebellion even oftheirfore-fathersand 
 " ancertors ? Thefe (quoth he) were my words ui«o them, and indeed, but my words. Mary 
 "they had rather hear 6r<«f£-^;^,f himfelf fpeak, and hear the fame from out of his own mouth : 
 -.1-,- "they
 
 452 "The jive and Wentieth Boo\oj T. Livius. 
 
 *' they would more gladly talk with him in perl'on, and take hold of his right handjwhich as iheH 
 '' afiured pawn of his faithful prcmife, he caricth alwayes with him whcielce\cr hegceth, ard 
 "theydedreno more. IhaveiheieforeCfaiih he) appointed accmenient place ofertervicw ai«l 
 "conference: lying out of the way ard forth oil ght , but yet ret far from theRcmarscjmp.* , 
 ** There the matter may bedifpatched in few words, ard all the rzrreatd nation of theLucans, 
 *' reduced under the obedience and alliance of the people of Ac?;.c. 6V<?rc/;»«iufpe£lirg no fraud 
 nor barm;neitherin bis words nor deeds,fourdingall to a great likelihood of f mpllcity and truth 
 in his conceit , departed out of the camp attended upon with his Sergeants, and guarded only 
 VfithacornctofHorfemen : andfoby theguidanceof hisownhoft, in whofehouie he lodged, 
 was plunged beadlongwithin the danger of iheambufli of hisenemies ; Who fiiddainly arofe: I 
 and fLivitts becaufe he would put it out ofdoubt that he was a traitor , went toiheirfde and 
 joyned with them. Then they let flie arrows, and fhot darts againft Gracchui and his Horfemen 
 oneverylide. '• WhereupcnGrwc/vi/alightfrom horfeback,andcommandcdthe reft todothe 
 " fame, exhorting them, that the only thing which fortui;enow had left unto them, they would 
 ," grace and honorr with vertue. For what remaineih elfe for us , fafmall handful untothem) 
 '^ Dvironed as we are with a multitude of them, within a valley compafled about with hills and 
 "woods, hut prcfent death? This only we are to relolve upon. Whether in this prefent ama2ed- 
 *'nefs and heartleis fear we will as beads fuffer our throats to be cut wiihout revenge again ; or 
 " turnng wholly our timorous expeftation and lufl'ering ofdeath, irfto cholerand courage^fighc 
 ''adventvirouflyand manfully, and bathing our hands in the bloud ofour enemies, lofe our lives jj; 
 " and f^ii down dead, upon the weapon., and bodies of them, lying gafpingthemfelves under us. 
 "Ah ! thatLuLan, that tu£;itiveroi;ur. and rebel, that treacherous and faife traitor, fee ye all lay at 
 *• him. Whofehap ic will be, ere ht die, to be his Prieft, lofacriticeand fend him to the Devil, 
 " '' he fliall win an honourable prize, and find no fmall folace and comfort in his own 
 " death. 
 
 With thefe wotds , he wrapped his rich cont of arms about his left arme ( for they had not jS 
 brought forth with them lb much as their fliields) and charged with exceeding force upon the « 
 , ... enemies. The fight was far greater on their part th.Tuforthe proportion and number of the men. 
 Jed'by bii lioft Tl^e bodies oftheRom.:ns ay open molt unto the ft-^ot. And thus o\etcharL-,cd on all f des from 
 aLue»n. ' the higher places: asbeir.^, in the valley fubjcdito the volley of their d.irts, they were foon pier- £ 
 ccd through. WhenGr/7ff/-/<t was left naked alone, and hisguard'dead at hisfeet, theCartha- 
 einians did what they could to toke him alue :hut he ha Ting t (pied among the enemies his good 
 hoii and friend, that Lucan, ran among the ihickeli prefle: vvheie he waslo fully bent to milthief 
 him, that they could not will nor choole but kill him outright, without they would have lofl 
 the lives of m^ny other. He was not fo foon deadibut A^lrigo fent him Hrcight wayes unto Anni- 
 hcl., and eommanded that his body together with the knitches of rods (belonging to his Magi- 
 flracy^ (houldbe prefented and fhewed before the Tribunal le.u ofthe General. Ard this is the 
 true report ofthe end oiGracchHs: to wit, that he let his life in the Lucan Landiabout the plains 
 which are called r^f^rf J r<?wp/. There be fome that tell it otherwife, how he being accompanied 
 with his St^r leants , and three ferving men his bondflaves , went out from the camp within the j^ 
 territory ot Iic»:z-!mi'm neer unto the River * Ctt/o>-,forto vvafl-i himfelf: where there chanced 
 CaUrt' jjjg enemies to lurk, and lye in wait among the willows rnd falows that grew by thebank fide> 
 
 and fo being unarmed and naked too, he was aflaulted, where he defended himfelf as well as he 
 could with tlinyi.'ig at them pible Hones fuch as the Ri\er afforded and carried dov\n with the 
 fiream, and fo wa.silain. Oihers write, that by advice of the Bowel-pryers, he went out ofthe 
 camp half a mile off. for to purge and expiate in fome pure and clean place,thore prodigious to- 
 kens above rehe.uled; and there was bel'et and environed round about with two troops of Nu- 
 midian Horfemen, wno hapned there to lie in arrjbufli. See how variable and uncertain the fame 
 gocth, both in what p ace, rnr^ after what manner, this fo noble and famous perfon cameby his 
 death. Nay, the very funeral and lepu:ture alio of GV.tc <:/.'«/ is div erfly deli vcreo. Some fayjhe was jq 
 enrerredby hi own ibuld'ers within the Roman camp. Others give out ard fay(and thatis the 
 more common report) that by the appointment of AKmh.l he was buried in the \ ery entrance of 
 the Carthaginian leaguer ; that there was a funeral fire made in folemn wife to burn his corps ; 
 that the whole army iullcd andran attiitand tornmert in their compleat armor ; that the Spani- 
 ard'^ leaped and danced Morrice ; and each nation accordit^g to their guife and manner performed 
 fundry motions and exercifes as well of their weapons, as of their bodies : yea,and that Annthal 
 hiriifelf in proper perfon, with all honor ot funeral pomp that might be deviled, both in word 
 and deed, iblemni?ed the obfequies in the'bcrt maner. This fay they that affirm the thing to 
 have hapned in the Lucans country. But ifa man fhould believe them, who record how he was 
 flain at the River C^j/o*-, then the enemies gat nothing of him but only his head. Which being q 
 prefented unto Ayimhd^ he fent Canhalo immcdiatTy with it into the Roman camp, untoC». 
 Co)-w////i the Treafurer or Qviellor: who there within the very camp pcrfortned the funerals of 
 the General, and both army and citizens of Benezcmpsm together folemnized the fame right ho- 
 nour.ibly. 
 
 The Confuls being entred into the territory o^C^mfa^-, as they forraged all abroad, flragling 
 one from another, were by the Townfmen of f^pwrf which fallied out, and by the Horfemen of 
 Ma^o- put intcir ; whereupon in great fright and haftjthey rallied the fouldiers to tbeircolours, j 
 
 that
 
 The five and wentietbBoo^ofT. Li vius. 4 5 j 
 
 ^ that were ranged over the Country : but before they could well embattail them, andfet them in 
 array, they were dilcomfited, and lolc above a thoufand and five hundred men. Upon which 
 good fiKcefs, the enemies (as ihey are a nation by n;uure proud) began to be very iuHy and ex- 
 ceeding audacious, infomuth. as they ofkred to skirmifh fundry times with the Romans, and 
 ever challenged them to fight. But that onebattaii,ro unadviledly andinconfiderately atchieved, 
 made the Confuls mere cirtumlpeft and wary atteiward. HovvbeiC; onelmr.ll occurrence hap- 
 ned: which,asit encoursgedand animated them again, to it abated the hearts, and daunted the 
 boldncfs of the other. For in war there is nothing (.be it never lo little) but one time or other, 
 it is the occafion of romet;re3t conlequenLe ana importance. There was in the camp one T. 
 B Qjiintius Crtfp:n;is, linked in I'ptcialfricndlliip and familiarity \y\[[\ Badiia, a Citizen of C^p^. 
 Their acquaintance grew and encreafed upon this occahon : 1 his Bizd:us upon a time,berore the 
 revolt oiCafua itW i\ik it Rome ■, and lying in Cr/]^/>?/.f his houfe, was liberally and kindly ufed, 
 yea, and tenderly feen unto by him, during his ficknefs. This Badius ha>ingpuc himfelf forward 
 before the Handing tnurd^', that warded at thegate ofthe Romancamp, willed, iiuiCrilpmns 
 fhould be called out unto him. Which beir.,", told unto Cr:ff>ini<s, he hippoled no otherwife of 
 it, but that he fhould calk friendly and tamililrly with him. For albeit both naions generally 
 were at enmity, in regard ofthe publick State, yet the private right and b.md of hofpitality, re- 
 mained fiill in force, ard was not forget ten, and therefore he went out fome what apart from the 
 red of his fellows. Now, when ttiey were come in light and interview one ofthe other. I 
 Q challenge thee, O Crifjiiyie (quoth Badms) to combat : let lis mount on Horfebackj andtrye it out 
 between us two, without any other companion, whether of us is the better man at arms. To 
 ^ this C>-i.<l)intts made anfwer again.and faid, We want no enemies neither you nor I, upon whom 
 wemay make proof of our manhood rasfor me, if I met andenconntredyou in the very battail, 
 yet I would decline, avoid, and fliift from yc.u led I fliould defile and (lain my hand in the mur- 
 der and bloudflied ot my guelt and friend. And with this he turned from him and went his way. 
 But the Campanecontrary-wife,upon thefe words, was the more eager Nvith him, railing and 
 rating at him for his efteminat cowardife and daHardiinefs , leering flie at the barmlefs and inno- 
 cent man all fpightfui terms and reproachful language ; whi..h himfeit I wot (1: lie had his due) 
 was well worthy of: calling him a friendly foe,5nd a kind enemy indeed , and finally charged him, 
 [) that he made his e.\cufe of fparing him , for friendlliiip'Dke , whom he knew lie was not able to 
 mat^h in manhood and valour. But if (quoth he) rfiou tliinkefl, that by the breach ofpublick 
 league and covenant, ourprivate bands ol aftiity and hofpitality, are not yet enough broken in 
 hinder, then here I pronounce openly, in thehearing of two armies , That 1 Budsus a Campane> 
 renounce all kofpitality with thee T.QvifittusCriJpifins a. Roman,and lo farewel all friendfhip foe 
 ever : I will, I fay, have no more to do by way of acquaintance with thee,no fociety.no .illiance, 
 no hofpitality will the gued have with that hod, who in hodile manner is come to invade his na- 
 tive country , aiid to niake aflault upon the publick building; and private houfes thereof. And 
 theretore,if thou be a mnn, meet me in the field. Cnjpims drew back a long time, and was loth 
 to enter into the aiVioHj but at lad his fellow Horfemen,ferving in the fame troop and cornet with 
 £ him, forced and perfwaded him, not to fufter that bragging Campane, thus to inlult over him 
 without revenge. Whereupon he made no more ado, nor any longer delay, but whiles he went 
 unto the L.Generals,toknow their pleafure, whether they would permit and licenfe him, out of 
 kis orderandrank, to fight with an enemy chat challenged him, and g.ne him defiance. And ha- 
 ving obtained leave, he buckled his armorabout him; took his weapon, mounted on Hoffeback, 
 and calling upon Badins by name, bad him come forth if he durd to fing'e fi^hr. The Campane 
 m.idenoday,andfo with fpearinredjfetfpursto, and they ran their Horfes follcarier one atthe 
 other. Crii]!i>itis with his lan:e pierced S^.'//;</ above his ihield, through the left ihouldcr, and 
 therewith unhorfed him, and when he was fain tothcearth withthepufli, he alight himfelf 
 from his horfe, minding on foot to fail upon him as he lay along, and lb to difpatch him out- 
 P right. But B^cliiti^ before his enemy feifed upon him, left his targuet behind and hishorfe,and by 
 good tootmanfliip recovered hisownfellows. Cr///'/w// then,all goodly to be fcen with the fpoils 
 of his enemy , made flie w ofthe horfe and armor that he had won , and bearing up withal the 
 bloiidy point of his lance, was wicb much praifc and great graculation ofthe fouldiers, brought 
 honourably to the Confuls, and prefentcd before them. At whole hands he was both highly 
 commended, and alfo lilserally rewarded. 
 
 Annibal having diOodged out ofthe territory of Be-/!cve::tum ■, and removed into r^;)»<r, 
 within three dayes after l.c was come thither, brought forth his forces into the field, making no 
 doubt at all, but that, confideringtheCampansinhisabfcn.e, had but few dayes before fought 
 fortunatly , the Romans now would be fo much leflc .ible to abide his royal army fo often ufed 
 P to vidory. And verily when the conflict was once begun, the Reman b.ntailons of the In- 
 fantry were much troubled and didreffcd, cfpecially with the fierce sflault ofthe Horfemen, 
 who overcharged and pelted them mightily with their darts and Javelins, until the fignal was 
 given to their own Cavalry^alfo, tofet hard to, and charge the enemies v\ith their horfe. Now 
 whilesthemenofarm"; wcrebufy in fight en both fides, it hapnedthat the Regiment caSemyro- 
 yiius {Gracchus lately ilaln] were defcried marching a far off under the conduct of €>:• Cornelius 
 the Treafurer, which put both parts in like fear, led they were fome new and frefli enemies that 
 advanced againd them. So they founded the retrcnt on cither fide.as if they had been agreed fo 
 
 to
 
 4«^ 4 T'hefive and mentieth Boo\ofT, Livius. 
 
 10 do, departed out of the field (as a man would fay) on even hand>and retired themfelves unto H 
 their feveral holds: howbeit, the greater number was {lain of llomans, upon the firft violent 
 char'eoiven by theHorfemen, From thence^the Confuls intending to draw -4»»/Waway from, 
 C*3p.'^ departed furdry waves, f/.'/z//j/i into the territory ofCr/ww, and C/^Ww into the Lucans 
 Country. The next d.iy, when An-^il'al\yis advertifed.that the Romans had abandoned their 
 camp, and that they were gone into divers parrs with their feveral armies, being at firll uncertain 
 wliom to piirfiie,relolved at length to make alter jifpmstznd lb began to do. But after he had 
 on-c trained the enemy about to the place thrt he delired, he returned himfelf another way to 
 Ciifna. And A>i>itbal\\i^md alfo upon a new occahonprefented^co have a good hand ofhis ene- 
 mies inthofeparts. _ _ I 
 
 There was one M. Centenius^ furnamed PennU, one of the chief Centurions of the PiUm, a 
 fingular good Captain in that kind, as well in regard ot hi? mighty and goodly body, as alfo of 
 his bravemind, and vaiiunt courage. Ihi? man having ferved out hisorclinary time required by 
 I^aw, was by the means of P. Corr.eUus %iilU the Pretor. brought into the Senai-houfe, and be- 
 came a Petitioner unto the LL. of the Counsel, tbac he might have the leading of fivethoufand 
 footmeu : promiiing that within fliort time, by reafo" he was fo well acquainted with the nature 
 aod qualities of the enemy, and withal fo mnch beaten in Loaff ing thofe quarters, he would do 
 fomeijreatdecd, andatchieveapieceofnorjblefer i.e : and look, by what cunning devices and 
 ftratagem'i, both our leaders and our arm'cs hid ueen until that day, entrapped and over-raught, 
 thevery fame would he ufe and pradifeagainft the enemy, he wasnotfo vainand unadviledinj^ 
 making this offer, but they were asfoctifh andfoolifhagainin taking him at his wordjandtrutt- 
 inghim: as who would fay , A good Leader and Comm.ander, and a (lout and hardy fouldier • 
 were all one. And fo where ?.s he demanded but five thoufand; he had the charge given of eighc 
 ihonfand : whereof the one half were citizens, the other allies and confederats : and behdes 
 them, he himfelf alfo gathered together out of the country as he marched, a good Company of 
 Voluntaries: infomu.ii as his power was doubled, by that time he came into the Lucan? Coun- 
 try, where Af.iJihd abode, alter that he had followed C/<'W'»^ in vain, and to noeffefl. But a 
 man that hadbuchalfaneye, might fee what the iequel and event would be of the cor>fli6t be- 
 tween Gene;:,l Amib.l, and Ccntinere C^^fi';?*;// : between both armies alfo, the one of old 
 beaten fit^idiersufed ever CO vjiilories, the other of raw novices and yongbeginnerj, yea, many l 
 ot thvm r.iken np fuddainly in hart and flcriderly armed by the halfs. For fo foon as both holh 
 had confronted one another, and that on neither fide they dallied and fhifted off, but minded 
 preiently to go to it Sc fight;focn were they on both parts arranged in order of battail. And albeit 
 ifie Romans had many d fad . ancages, yet they mainteined skirmifli more than two hours : and 
 that lo hotly and Louragioufly tl)at they flirunk not otie jot, fo long as their leader flood on foot. 
 But atter that he once was (trucken down and flainvvho not only in regard and remembrance of 
 the former name (that he had won) of valour and prowefs : but alio for fear of future fliameand 
 difhonor, in l a fe he lliouid remain alive after the deleat of his forces, whereofhe was the only 
 caufe through his fool-hardy rafhnefs , prefented himfelf defperately upon the pikes of his ene- 
 mies, where he m'ght be fure of nothing but prefent death : and incontinently the Roman bat- w 
 tailon was difcomfited and put to flight. And fo hard beflead they were, in feeking waycs and 
 means toerc3pe(a!lthe avemies werefo laid and befet with theHorfemen) that of fo a great a 
 multitude, there were hardly one thoufand favedjalltherert mifcarried here and there, and came 
 by their death one way or other. 
 
 In this mean time,C.!p«<« was fireightly beleaguered by theConfuls,snd they began to aflault 
 
 it in moft forcible manner: great preparation there was of all things needful unto fuch an exploit, 
 
 and with great diligence every thingprovided and brought accordingly. Corn was conveighed 
 
 to Cafiltn:'.ni^ and laid up there for liore : at themouth of the River FnhurKM (where now the 
 
 City (fandeth) was the fconce and callle fortified (which F.!^/»^ before had built^ aadaftrong 
 
 garrifon therein planted . to the end that both the Sea fo neer. and the whole River alfo might be N 
 
 at theircommand. Into thcfc twofbrtrefies (landing on the Sea fde, as wellthecorn which 
 
 lately was fent out ot\S'<«/7i//7/,.',as alfo that which Matins the Pretor had bought out oiHetruriay 
 
 was tranfported fre m the Port oiCflia, whereby the army might be fer, ed plentifully all winter 
 
 leafon. Ov er and bei-.des that loffe received in the Lucans country, the army likewife of rhe Vo- 
 
 loyies^ /.Voluntary fouidiers (which during the life otOv/T^-f, had lerved truly and faithfully) 
 
 now a bandoned their colours; as if by the death of their Captain they had taken themfelves fully 
 
 difcharged from warfare. 
 
 >4«H;^.j/madero mall account of C<j/)«^ : for willing enough he was,that his allies and friends 
 there (hou'd not be lorfaken and left info great peril v\ herein they flood ; and yet upon that for- 
 tunat fuccefs \vl;ich h.^pned unto him through therafhhefsofoneRoman Captain, his fingers Q 
 itched to be doing wirh another of them, and hoped to find fomegocd opportunity and advan- 
 tage rofurprife and o cnhrow both Captain and army. Whereas therefore certain Apulian Em- 
 baff-idorsadvcrtifed him, that 0?.F«/w/,.f the Pretor, (who at the fiflt in aflaulting ofcertain Ci- 
 ties in Aftln: whii b had revolted unto ^w»?^.r/, bare himielf like a wile and prudent Captain: 
 now afterward'; upon his goodfortuneandhappy fpeed in thofe affairSjwhereby himfelf and his 
 fouldiers had made np their mouths anc^filled their hands well with booties and pillage) both 
 himfelf and hi? men were orown fo idle and fodilTolute, that no good government nor military 
 
 difci'
 
 The five and twentieth Boo{ ofT, Li vius. 455 
 
 ^ difcipiine remained among ibcm: hereupon >4«>»/^*'/ hiving good experience, (as often hereto- 
 fore, fo in this late indance but few dayes pad) inhow rmalllieadanarmy ferveth, whenitis 
 direfted by an unskilful Leader, removed histories into ylpuha.Now lay the Roman legions and 
 Fulvim the Pretor, encamped about Hirdema. And when the news came thither that the ene- 
 mies were on their journey coming toward them , hardly might the fouidiers be reclaimed and 
 flayed, but they would in all haft piuck up ttandard and enfigns, andiiraightwayesgointoihe 
 field and bid them battail^ without commilfion and commandement of their Pretour. And no 
 one thing more he'd them back, than the aflured hope they nad, to do it at their plealure when- 
 foever they would. ^«w/^.'/.the night following, ha. ^ng certain intelligenccthat there was a tu- 
 •o mult in the camp, and that moH of the fouidiers mightily importuned their General to put forth 
 unto them rhelignal of bartail, an^ called earneftly unto him for to lead them out into the field, 
 made full account to meet with good opportunity and ovcalion, to have a fair day of hise- 
 nemies : and therefore he bellowed three thoufand men lightly appointed, in divers villages 
 thereabout,among the thick groves and bufhes,and within the woods : who at ahgn giv enthem, 
 fliould all at once upon a fuddain., Hart up and leap forth of their lurking corners: and withal,he 
 gave Older to Adafs, with two thouland Horfemen or thereabout to keep all the wayes whereas 
 he fwppofed they were moft like to flee and make efcape. Having thus ordred all things betore- 
 hand in the liight time: at the break of day he entred the field with his army, andembattailed 
 himrelf in warlike manner. Fnlvtm for hi"; part was not behind ; not induced fo much upon any 
 ^ hope orconceithe had of goodfpeedas drawn and baled thereto through the rafli enforcement 
 and compulhon of his fouidiers. And therefore as they came forth to battail upon a head and 
 heat, inconnderatly fo they were fet in array ai dilorderly ; even at rhe p eafure of the fouidiers, 
 according as tney came forth and took up ttieir ranks and files, as they lid themfclves : and then 
 again,as the toy took them in the head left the fame, either upon wilfulnefs or fear. The firft legi- 
 on together with the left wing or cornet of Horfemen>were firrt marfhalled : and the fquadrons 
 drawn and ftrctchcd out in a great length : notwithllanding the Knight- Marfhals and Coronels 
 cried out, that within, there was no Hrength nor power at all ; and that the enemies wherefo- 
 ever they fhou!d hap to charge wouidbreakinuponthemandgo through. Buc nowholefome 
 counfel for their owngood might he taken and confidered upon : nay theywouldnot fo much as 
 _ lend their ear, and give them the hearing. And by this time ^««/W was in place, with another 
 *^ manner of army (you may be fure) and otherwife ordered and aranged. And therefore the Ro- 
 mans were not able to abide fo much as the firft Ihout and fhock of the onfet. The Captain him- 
 felf (as fooli/h and heady as Cemeniuhwx. in courage and refolution f^r flio t of him) feeing how 
 the world went, the field like to be loft, his fouidiers in fear and great perplexity ; recovered his 
 horle in great haft,and with fome two hundred horfemen fled away and cf aped ; all the army be- 
 lides, beaten back affront, befet behind flanked on the rides,and env ironed round, were fo killed 
 and hewn in pieces, that ofeighteen thoufand, there were not paft two thoufand laved. And the 
 enemies befides were mafters of the camp. 
 
 When thefe loffes one in the neck of another vvere reported at RomeyX.\\e. City was fet in a great 
 P fit of forrow a nd fear for the while : but fo long as the Conluls, in whom refted the main chance, 
 had hitherto profpered and fped well, they were the leffe troubled at thefe by-blowes and crofs 
 misfortunes. Whereupon they addreffed C. LeElorim znA M, ,4//r,/;«/ as meffengers unto the 
 Conluls, willing them to gather together with good care and diligence, ihofe difperfed reliques 
 and remainders ofthe two armies ;alfo to have areye and heedful regard untorhem, that upon 
 fear and defper ition they yeelded not theml'elves to the enemy fas it hapned after the Cinnian 
 overthrow ; ) andlaft of all, to make diligent fearch and feek out thole Fb/owir/, or voluntary fer- 
 vJtors, that had abandoned their enfigns and caffedthemfelves. The like charge was iaid upon 
 ^.Cnr^eliw^who hid commiflion befides to levy moremen.And hemadeproclamationthrough- 
 out all market Towns, fairs, and places of frequent tefort, That thole roloies (hould be found out 
 and brought againtotheirowncolours,tofervc as aforetime. All thefe diradlions were executed 
 and accomplidied with exceeding great care and diligence. 
 
 Apfint(tj ^'w the Confiil after he had made P. J/<^/«^ Captain of the fconce ere(5led upon 
 the month of thcRivcr l^nhurnus-, and A'f. Anrelmi CofMGovernour of PmeoU^ with commif- 
 fion, 'hat as any {hips [with corn] from cut of W^/r.vn^ or 5,?>-^jV/m arrived there, theylhould 
 immediatly fend the'orn to the camp; went back himfelf to C/ip«.! : where he found Q^ Ful- 
 •viiis his Colleague, tranfporting thither all provifion from Caftlmum, and making preparation 
 for tbe aflau t of C-ipaa. Thenbnth Cofl. jointly together befieged the City : and fent unto 
 Cliudus Mrro rhe Pretor for to come unto them from SueJfnla,om of the old camp ofClaudiur. 
 Who like wife leaving a fmall gatriton there to defend the pecce, with all his power and forces, 
 G defended into the p ains before ("'';»«<<. So there were three royal pavillions pitched for three 
 LL. '^ne-ak nhovt C apuf : and three fall armies in three fundry places began to tortifie, ereft- 
 inobaOi on-; and^orrsinpla-esnocf irdiftant : yea, and to caft a trench and raife arampierround 
 aboor rhe Ciry And indi er? qnirtefs at once, they skirmifhed with the menof ^<Ip;^4,when- 
 foe^erthevcame to hindert eir fortifications, with fo good fuccefs that the Townfmenwere 
 driven .n laf^ rokeep within theirgares and walls. But before that thole rampiersand trenrhes 
 aboveC'id were h^\\v finifhcd and all ends brought together, there were EmhafTiidor' dif- 
 patchcdunco Annib^j to compiain in thenamsof thcCapuanSj as finding themfclves grie- 
 
 R I vedj
 
 A< 6 "The five and twentieth Bool\ofT, Livias. 
 
 vedjtbat he had forrakenC^;)«^>and in a manner delivered it into the Romans hands : and with- \i 
 all, to beleech him earneftly^that now or never,he would jekiie and luccor them,beirgnot only 
 beiieged,butalfo flnit npand almoft trenched about, as within a priion. F.Cornelius iikewirethd 
 Pretor of the City of Rome,knt his letters unto the Confuls, adviling them before they had hilly 
 invelkd Cafna round about, to make offer unto the Capuansot this liberty, That as many as 
 would, might depart with bag and baggage out of C^j;>/w: and whofoeverwenf forth befojfe the 
 ly.of March- * Ides of M,^rch fi^onld enjoy their freedome and all their goods and lards : but as many as after 
 
 that day, cither dep.irtcd or tarried there ftill behind, fhould berei-koncdnobenerthan very cue- - 
 mies. Thefe intimations were made known unto the Campans, but fo light they fet by them.ihac 
 they fell a railin;^, rev iling,.uid menacing the Romans, with mottreproachtul taunts and fpightful 
 terms. ^«w/v;/ was departed from Herdonia with his legions unto Jarentmh hoping either by I 
 force or fr.iud to gain theCafile, And feeing belittle prevailed, he turned from thence,and took 
 his wayto5,«»«(.'</;.'o».fuppofingthat Town would be betrayed into his hands. Whiles he lay 
 there alfo andlolf his time indoingnothing,theEmbafladorsoftheCampans arrived and came 
 unto him, with complaints and humble requefts both at once. Unto whom Anniial itude. this 
 glorious and lordlike anfwer with a Majefty: Once already have I raifed the fiege-.and never will 
 the ConfulsJtrowjabidemy fecond coming. TbeEmbalfadors having received their difpatch, 
 departed with this hope: but much ado they had, toputthemfelves within C;?;)«.-?jf6enclofed 
 round was it (by this time) with a double trench and a rampier. 
 
 It fortuned at the very fame in(fant,whenC»*/'»^ was thus Hreightly beleaguet'd, that the fiege 
 alfo and affauit of 5;T4«</e came to an end: helped forward and banned by inteftine treachet'y k 
 and treafon withal, as well as by force of army and valour of Captain abroad. For Matcelli^sm 
 the beginning of the fpring, doubtful in himlelf and hanging in fufpenLc, whether to berid his 
 whole forces toward ^_gr«'fi?«f«»«.againft Himilco zi\d //; p/'ocj-^^ffi, or dill proceed to beficge Sy- 
 raeufe ' albeit he favv the City might not poffibly be won either by forcible aflault-, (confidering 
 it was by fituatlon both by Sea and Land invincible) or pinirg famine, by reafonthe paflage in i 
 manner lay open to and tro between it and Carthage, for fafe tranfpOrting of all fort of viftuals : 
 yet becaufc he would leave no (lone unrolled, but try all wayes that tould be deviled; he com- 
 manded certain revolts from the Syraculians (for there fided with the Romans feme of the no- 
 bleft perfons of the City, who at the lime of the firlf backttiding from the Romans, becaufe they 
 mifliked and abhorred all rebellion and change in the Hate, were driven out andbanifhed the£ 
 City) to deal with their bend and faftionby way of conference, to found the hearts (I fay)offuch 
 as were their followers, and to follicit them to their part: and withal to aflure them (upon their 
 warrant) that if by their means Syract/fe were betrayed, they (honid live in freedome, and enjoy 
 their own Laws as they would themfelves. But no opportunity could they efpie for to parly and 
 talk with them. Forbyreafon th.n there were many fufpeited to encline and draw that way, 
 every man had a careful eye and regard unto them, that there could be no treachery praffifed, 
 butfoon it would be found oucanddeteifed. Yet a bond>fervant toward one of the baijiftied 
 perfons abovefaid. hapnedto be let into the City, pretendirg that he was run away from the ad- 
 ierfe part unto them : who hapning to meet with fome few, begsn to move and broach fuch a 
 matter. After which , certain others lying ciofe hidden under the nets in a fiftier boat ,came about j^" 
 by water to the camp of the Romans, and had conference and communication with thofe for- 
 mer fugitives and exiled men. And thus from timeio time,this waspra^fifed in the fame manner, 
 by divers and fundryperions-, until at length they were a crew of fourfi.oreinall. Now when all 
 things were concluded forthcbetnying ofthe City, neer upon the point ofexecution, it chanced 
 that one Attains (a falfe brotheramongthem, who took fnuffthat he was notfpecially trufted ia 
 the matter) difclofed the confpiracy unto £/)?W^«, and appeached the parties : whereuponthey 
 were all put to extream torture, and fuffered death every one. When this plot would fpeed no 
 better, they conceived hopeanother way, by anew occafion and occurrence that prefently ofFrcd 
 it felf. There chanced one Z)rf»j<?y;p/)««aLacedemonian,fenrfromS'7r<zr//p,asameflc'ngertoKin^' 
 Fhil p for to be taken prifoner by the Roman armado . Now,both Epicides was very defirous and N 
 exceeding careful howto ranfome him,and alfo -/t/^rffto was not unwilling for his part to granc 
 the fame. For even then the Romans began to affe£f the friendfhip of the jEtolians, with which 
 Nation the Lacedemonians were confederat,and inleague. So, when there fhfiuld be commiffio- 
 ^ ncrsarddclegjtes fent onbothfidestoparleandtreat about his redemption the moft indifferent 
 
 "ScjUGnics, P^^'^^^®^ i\\cm tomeetin, was at the key or wharf of* Tro^</i, faff by a turret which they call* 
 ' Calciz.'^ii^ as being julf in the midil between, and moft convenient for both parties. It hapned 
 now. that as they had recourfe oftentimes thither about this bulinefs. oneof the Romans well 
 viewed thewall nccrby,bccounted the (tones that appeared in the forefront of the wal,and made 
 cdimate to himfelf of their quadrature and proportion ; and withal, giving a gueis as neer as ha 
 cou d ofwh.u height (by hi^ reckoning) and mcafure, the wall mightbe : and fuppofing it was aQ 
 good del] lower than either he himfelf or others, had al wayes before taken it to bt,and eafy to be 
 fca!cd with lidders, even of a mean fize and middle fort., he relateth the m uter-, and his conceit of 
 it to MayeHus. And in his opinion it was a thing not to be negle6ted , but to be thought upon. 
 Bntfor almui h as there vvas no accefs unto that place by reafon that forthelownefstherof,it was 
 the more carefully guarded and defendedjit was thought good to wait for fome opportunity and 
 advantageto help that difficulty. Which; asgood hap waSjOffered it I'eif prefently unto them by 
 
 means
 
 Thefi'Ve and th^entieth Boo^ofT, Li vius, 457 
 
 k means of a fugicive : who gave them intelligence, that they held a folemn kid of £>.-.<« i at that 
 time within the City, and the fame continued three dayes together; alfohe faid that for want of 
 other things, during this liege to makegood chear withal, they fpared for no wine-btit mnde mer- 
 ry therewith in great plenty and abundance.For why? not only tpicides had bountifully bell owed 
 wine upon the whole Commons, but alfo the great men oftheCit^h.id in every ward and p-iriili 
 where they dwelt, allowed a proportion belides, of their own i.ha:i;es. When Marcc/ins hsird 
 this, he called unto him lome few of his Colonels and knight Marlhals, and conferred with 
 ihem : and whenthey had lotted outcertain choice and eled Centurions and ibuldiers, fit and 
 fufticienimen to adventure and execute fo great a peece offeriii.e, and withal pro\ided ladders 
 B fecrctly ; to all thereli hecommanded a watchword and warningtobegiven, That they lliould 
 betimes take their refedUon of meat and repofe ot ikep, tor that in the night they were to be 
 employed in an expedition and action ol fer\ ice. After this, when bethought it w.isabo^it the 
 time, that they (as having feafied all day long, and well filled their bellies with rneat, and their 
 heads with wine) were gone torelf,and newly fallen lound afleep, he commanded oneenfign or 
 company of fouldiers, to cary ladders; and beiidesthem^ there wereuponathonfind well armed 
 and appointed , marching with hlence and in thin ranksj brought thither to the place. When 
 iheformoll vvithout any Hirornoifeat all hadfcaled the topof the wall, others followed in their 
 courfe. For the forward and refolute boldnefs of the formcr,was able to animate and encourage 
 the reft, if they h<*d been fals-hearted. By this time now. the thoufand armed foldiers had feized 
 C thst part, when the relf ot the ladders vverefetto : and nponrnoreladderslliil theyg.icnp to the 
 vvallindiverle pla-es,upon afignal given them t'romthe gate Hexapyios. llntowhich places the 
 Roman? were now come, and found nolfirring at all, but exceeding filenceand defolation, for 
 afmuch as a great lort of them had made good cheat withiniheturrets,andeitherwere fall afleep 
 with drinking' wine already, or elie were bibbing (1 ill, notwithltanding their eyes were heavy, 
 and their hearts afleep. Andyet, fome lew of them they took in their beds, and killed. Neer 
 unto Hex-apylos there isa little wi-.ket which with great violence they began withal, tobreak ic 
 open. So as now, both t'rom the vvall (as was before appointed) they gave lignal by found of 
 trumpet : and alfo from all parts ihey went not to work any more by Itealth, butpbinly and 
 openly without difTimuiarion. For they were come already as far as £p;7o/<<;, a place full of 
 D watchmen and warders. And the enemies were to be terrified now and (Iru. ken into fear, and 
 no longer to be dealt witha;by craft and guile. And it fell out foindeed,chat they were mightily 
 feared. For they heard not to foon the lounding of the trumpets, and the fliouting and outcry 
 of them that were pofl'effed of the walls and one part of the City,but the warders^thinking all was 
 gone, fome ran along upon the wall, others leapt from the walls, or eife were born dovvn head- 
 long, with theprefsofothersthat were affrighteti. And yet many there \vcre, who were not ware 
 at all of this milery and extremity, both becaufe generally they were all dead afleep, and alio by 
 reafon that the City vvas lb wide and largethat a thing felt and feen in feme remote pjrts,reached 
 not [ireightwayes throughout, to all the reft. The gate //c.vrijrij'/flj- was broken down Ibmewhac 
 before day, at which iW..rirf//..'j- with all his power entred theCity. He wakened tncmall,and 
 E let them to theirbulinel's ;he madethem take vveapon in hand, and to help (wha: they could) x 
 City in a manner wholly furprifed and taken. Epiadcs m.^.de halt from thelfland (which they 
 themfelves call yV^/ii) with a company offouldiers abon: hitn, making t'uil account to drive them 
 out again : asfuppoling that they were bucfomefew,vvho through the negligence of the watth- 
 men and warders were got over the wall: and ever as he met with any that were feared and in 
 fear.hefaid unto them eftfoons, that they themfelves made more ado, and every ihirg worfethan 
 tbere was caufe, reporting all in greater meafure and more fearful manner than need was in very 
 truth. But when he law all places about * f;*^^/^ full of armed men after fome !m,ill volley of lliot, « -^ 
 and little skirmiflv with the enemy, (whereby he provoked them rather than did any good elfe) it ihe fifih part 
 he turned back again with his companies, and retired into Acradina-xiot fearing fo mu h the vio- of sjrecuja, 
 F lence and multitude of the enemies.as lelt tome intelf ine mifLhief by thi"; occa-'ion might arife,jnd 
 thathefliould find inthis tumult and hurliburly thegates of ^rr<?^/«<!;andtheliLind Hint ap-ain t 
 him. Marrellm being entrcd within t+ie walls, took hisprofpc'f from the higher places, and 
 when he beheld under his eyes the moft goodly and beautiful City of all others in ctiofe diyes, 
 (byreport)he wept and flicd tears abundantly, partly for joy that he bad brought hispnrpo:e to 
 good a pals, and partly incom.palVionand rcmembran.eofthe an.ienr glory and renown of that 
 City. He called to mind the navies of the Athenians by them funk and d. owned: bethought up- 
 1 onthcjjtter overthrow of two puiflmt armics,togeth('r with the lofs of two moft noble and fa- 
 I mous Captains of theirs: moreover, there came into his memory fo many wars foni'lit agiinft 
 j the Carthaginians \A/ith fo great peril and hazard rfomany and fo mighty Tyrants and Kings thac 
 Vraignedand kept their feat and royal court there:and amongli the reft, he could not chufe but think 
 I of King H/cro, of frefli and famous memory, a Prince, who above all other gift<; whi h his own 
 vettne and fortune had graced and endued him withal was recommended efpecially for his many 
 j favours and good turns done untothe people ciRomc. When all thefe things presented themfelves 
 j to hisremembrance, with this cogitation befdes, how all that beauty and glory within one hoofS 
 I fpice vvas ready to burn on a light fire and to beconfumedinro aflTes: before that he advanced 
 hisenfigns againft y^cr.?^//?^, he fent before, thofe Syracuhans who hadconverfed (asis afore- 
 faid) amongft cheguardsand garrifon of the Romans. to perfwade the enemies with mild and gen» 
 
 R r 3 lie
 
 ^.e: 8 The five and tia?entieth Boo\ofT, Livius. 
 
 tlelpeech^yec, lo yeeld the City. ]i lo fell cr.c, that the ir.cB part of them that warded the gates ^^ 
 and walls both, oi jlcrad:y:a-, were ceriair li£iu\e revolts f.tdfroir the Rcirars, whohadr.o 
 hope at all, upon any condition whaiioe\ er tc^be psrdomd. Thele would iufier rcre, eiiUr to 
 approach the walls, or to parle andfpeak with ary. Ard therefore yl.'^<i a //»/;ait£r he law that cn- 
 terprifc trullrateand dilappointed, tcnr.mardtd to letire with the erf grs i:r,to£/;r;<;/«f. This 
 BuryulM is a little mount and lort, i-t-uate in the rtrr.ofi (]uarter of the City-ttnr.cie !ar frcm Sea, 
 and commandingche high way tha t leadeth into the f eldsjard the middle parts ard \ try heat of 
 the whole ]fl,'.nd ; a place very commodious lor the takirg up and receipt of alhi^uals. The 
 Captainof this bold was /'/j/Wf»,«/an Argi\e,placed there by fpic/^fj. Unto w hem there was 
 ~ fent from Marcel/as, So/is.om of them that murdred the tyrant : and after long ccnr.municaticn, j 
 Softs withcrafty words abufed by him, and colcurably putofltunti; anrther time, made relatiorj 
 unto UiircdlMs-ihn Philadcnus had taken a tartber day ofrelpite and dCiiberation.But he put off 
 fiillfromday to day,tnflirg out the timeofpurpoie, until J-i^pfccratcs st d Bimtko vn]gYx acme 
 with tlieir forces and legions, making no doubt but if he might receive thtm into his tortrels,the 
 whole ?rmy of the Romans being now enclofed within the vvairs,fhou!d be overthrown, acd ut- 
 terly defeated. Mj>-f//«/ feeing that Ekryalus was not delivered up, (ard forced pcflibly it could 
 not be) encamped hitnlelf between T^ei^poln and Ijche (lb are twp parts ct the City named, ard 
 may for ihcirbigne^ go well enough for two entire cities of themfehes:) for fear leHithewerc 
 oni.e entred into t'L,e populous and moH inhabited places of the City, his fouldiers greedy ot pil- 
 lage, would not be kept together, butrunloofely upanddownto rifie. Thitbercameuijtohimg 
 from Tk/v and Ne^^polit, Embaffadors and Orators, with olive branchesadorned with lacred 
 veils and infules, humbly befeeching him to hold his hand from effuhon of blond, and f.tingthc 
 City. M^z-ff A';.-; calling his Councel about thefe their petitions-rather than demands attei m.iurc 
 deliberation, by general confent of all, gave exprels and ftreight commandmiCnt to the fouldieis, 
 that no man fliould offer abufe or violence to the body of any free-born perfonwhatloever: as 
 for ail behdesjhis will and pleaiure was it fhould be their booty. Now was the camp of Marcellus 
 defended on both iides with houfing in (iead of a wall, and he befl owed a gocd corps de ^u^rd it 
 the gates thereof, lying open over againft the flrects : left wllen the fouldiers ran to and fro in the 
 City, the camp in the mean while might be aflailed. Then upon the found of Trumpet the foul- 
 diers fell to their buhnefs, ran into all parts, brake open dores, fet all on a fearful hurry ,but fpilledj,' 
 no bloud : and they never gave over ranfackin^ and rifiing, until they had ca(i out and carried 
 away all the riches and goods, that had been a gathering a longtime, during their wealthy and 
 prorperouseil.ue. Amid thefe (firs, P/;/7oiifw»/ alfo feeing no hope of fuccours and relcue, after 
 he had covenanted for his fecurity , to return fafe and without harm lo Epiades, withdrew his 
 garrilbnaway with him outof the fort, andrendred it up to the Romans. 
 
 Now whiles every man was turned another way, and bulled in that part of the City which was 
 forced, i)^' ;«.•/?;«•- taking the advantage of one night, wherein the Roman fleet by reafon of a vio- 
 lent tempeR could not ride at anchor in the main Sea, gatfotth of the haven of Sjr^c/n/e with 35 
 fiiips ai.d having Sea room, hoii'ed upfail?, and away he went with a mery gale ofw'nd, leaving 
 4'- behind for £pr/^.'i and the Syracnlians : and after he had informed the Carthaginians in what j« 
 dau'^er the liatc of Syracnf (food, returned within few d.^ye? with a f^eet of a hundred fail re- 
 warded for his hbor ("as the report wenr) by Eptcides-, with many rich giftSjWhich the trea'iireof 
 King Hiero paid for. Marcellus pofiefTcd now of the forrrefs Etrryalns, and having planted there a 
 "arrifon, w.is well rid of one care yet : for hedoubted, left if a new power of enemies hjd been 
 received behind his back into that fort they would greatly have annoyed his men^ enclofed now 
 as they were, and encumbred within the walls. 
 
 A' ter this he bedewed ^.cradr,7a. and invelled it round about, and fortified three leveral ramps 
 
 (inmccr nnd convenient places) againlf it, hoping to fliut them up into fuch flreishts, that they 
 
 fliould be driven to cxtream fcarcityand wane of all things. Now when as lor certain dayes, the 
 
 guards of ihc one (:de and the other had re(f ed quiet, fuddainly upon the arival oiHippocr.itcs and fj 
 
 Hin: Ico they within began from all parts to fet freflily upon the Romans. For,fir(f Hippocates 
 
 (after he had en.amped and well fortified himfelf faff by I'he greatKey, and given a fignal to them 
 
 that ki.pt y.crai-;iA) aflauited the old camp of the Romans, where Crifpims l.r/ with his guard 
 
 for the defcn.e thereof: then Epicides alio Tallied forth, and brake v^on t\\z Corps def^uardoi 
 
 M-irccUus: and withal, the Carthaginian fleet approached dole to the ttrand that lieth between 
 
 the City and the Roman camp, to hinder that Crifpir.us might have no aid lent unto him from 
 
 Marc'tli'.s. And yet for ell this ado, the enemies made a greater (fir and tumultuous alarm, than 
 
 any skirmifli to (reak cf:forG-//fr/«K.f nor only gave //;jDi)»(r/-(7ff.( the repulfe, and drave him'rom 
 
 the defences of his own camp, but alio followed himinchacc, as he ffed fearfully in hall aw.iy: 
 
 and Marccl!ns{o::ed £^iaWf.rtotakerheC.ity again, and get it over his head. So a<: now they q 
 
 fecmed very fi;ffi:iently provided and appointed againlt all dangers from thenceforth, ofiheir 
 
 luddain ("allies and irruptions. 
 
 A preji pcO;- Over and bchdes all thefe troubles- there hapred a common calamity unto both, the pbgue 
 
 le:.ce in Sfd' andpeHi'ence : in fuch manner as itmight for n have withdrawn the minds, as wel- of the one 
 
 »«/«, part as of the o her, from thinking any more of war. For. befides that it fell our to be the Au- 
 
 tum.n or h.'nelf feafon of the year, the place ir ^c'f by nature unwholibrre, ff inking and ior- 
 
 rupt (butmuLh more without the City than within; the extream acd intolerable heat o' the 
 
 weather
 
 " The five and twentieth Boo {of T, Li vi us. 450 
 
 Ij A weather mightily diflempered all their bodies generally, in the camps both the one and the o- 
 ther. Atthefirlt, by oaahon otthedilkmperaturecfche I'eafon, andcorruptionoftheplace, 
 they both fell Tick and died : but afterward by viliting and tendingone another that were in- 
 I feded, the diieafe grew cacchingandconcagious, and lb Tpredand iiureafed more and more: in 
 f ' Uich manner, as either they that were fain hck perifiied for want ot looking to and diligent ac- 
 lendance; or ifany came about them, to keep them and minilierunto them, they were infcited 
 . and endangered alio as deeply as the other : lb as every day a man could go no where, but either 
 death, or corfes carried torch to their graves, were prclented to his eyes: night and day in all 
 places there was nothing heard but weeping, waiiirg, and piieous lamentation. In the end their 
 B hearts were lb hardned and made lavage ag.iin, by continual ufage toihismifery , that not only 
 they gave overto weep overthe dead, and to accompany them unco their fepulchies withdue 
 mourning and doleful plaints,but alio to carry them forth and to inter them : lo that the breath- 
 lelVe bodies lay fcattred ail abro;id on the ground in the fight of them, that looked e\ ery hour 
 for the like miferable de.uh theml'elve^. i he dead killed the fn-k : the hck in'eilcd the lonnd, 
 partly with fear, and partly with thecorrtipcion and pelii'erous {len.h that came from their bo- 
 dies. And becaufe they would die rather upon the Ivvords point, than ofthismaladie, fomeof 
 them made offer to go alone among the armed guards of their very enemies, to be killed out of 
 hand, and rid out of their mifery. Howhcir, the plague was hotter by fa: in theCarchaginian 
 camp, than among the Romans,byreafbn of corrupt water^and much lluighter committed there, 
 C and lb long (lege about Syracufs. For of the enemies army, the Sicilians at the firl^, lb foon as 
 they f aw tfie fickncfsto fprcad commonly.andincreafeby reafon of the corruption of the place, 
 got themfehesaway, and flole every manhome tothe Cities neeradjoyning. But the Cartha- 
 ginians were fain to (tick by ic Hill, as having no place to retire themlelvestinco, and fo, they to- 
 gether with their Generals themfehes Hippocr.ues and HimUco, died allot them, and not one 
 efcaped. Ai.jrceUnswher) he law this mortality grow thus hot, brought hispeople into ifieCity, 
 where the houfes and fliadowy places yeelded fomegood refrefliing tothe lick and weak bo- 
 dies: howbeit, many alio of the Rom,an army went of it, and turned up their heels. Thus when 
 the Land-lbuldiers ot the Carthaginians were all gone and coniumed of the plague the Sicilians 
 whohid 'e:vedvndet Hippocrates, withdrew themlcKes into certain Towns, which were not 
 O great, yet fureand Hromj both by natural ficuation and alio by Hrcngth of walls ar.d other de- 
 fences } the one of them three miles from ^j-^-^c.w/i? the other fifteen miles diftant from the haven 
 mouth: ard thither they conveighcd from out of iheir own cities adjoyning, all manner of vi- 
 »l;}uals and lent abroad for aids of men. 
 
 In the mean while i^ow//cir let fail once again with his fleet (oi Ta -i Ija^/ , where he m:.de re- 
 lation of the (late of their confederats in fuch terms, that Hill he fed them with fome hope. That 
 not only by their help they might be faved,bnt alfo that the Romans (notwithHanding they had 
 in fome fort forced and taken the City) might be furprifed and taken there themfehes : and in 
 concluiion perfwaded and prevailed fo with them, that they granted not only to fend with him 
 a great number of hulks and caricks, laden with Here of all thmgs, but alfo to furnilli him with 
 E more fliips of war, to en, r-'afe his Armado. Whereupon he departed from Carthcge With 1 30 
 . Gallies, and 70 lliips of burden, and had forewinds good enongh to let hiiT5 over into 5/V;/;'. Buc 
 ihofe wmds kept him from doubling the point of the Cape Pachy>;tu. 
 
 The fame and rumor firll of Bomiha-,- his coming, and then his delay above mens expeftnion, 
 that checked it again, wrought diverHy in the minds of the Romans and Syraculians, miniHring 
 .one while fear , another while joy unto them both. Whereupon Epicides fearing iell if the 
 lame EaHerly winds which then ;Jheld , and were fettled in that corner, fliould continue many 
 dayes more, the Carthaginian navy would return again \nio yjfrtrl^-, leaving rhe guard of 
 -AcrAdtiui to the Captains of the waged and mercenary fouldiers, failed to 7?3?w,7c.(r, riding Hill 
 with his fleet in the rode that looketh toward v^jf/vr/;,, and fearing a conflict at Sea, not fo much 
 F becaufe he was infer! our to the enemies either inforce or number of Hiips (for he had many more 
 than the Romans) buc for that the winds Hood more t'avourably to help the Roman Armado 
 thanhis : howbeit, in the end heperfw-idedhimtotry thetbrtune ofa battailatSea, hr^d Mar- 
 ■ ccllus for his parr, feeing both the Sicilian forcesgsther and affemble together from all parts of 
 the inand,and underflanding that the Carthaginian fleet was coming wich great Hore of viifluals: 
 tor fear left at any time whiles he was fliut up vvithin the enemies City , he fliould be altailed both 
 by Sea and Land : albeit he was fliort of them in number of fhips, yet determined to hinder Bo- 
 w/Zc/tr for arriving at Syracttff. Thus rid two armadaes of enemies affronting one another, about 
 the head ol Pacbymuy ready to joyn battail, fo foon as the calmnefs of the weather would give 
 tfiem leave to advance into the main and open Sea. Therefore when cheEaH wind began to lie, 
 Q which for certain dayes had bluHred and raged ,firft Bomiha'- weighed anchor : and the vanguard 
 of his Armado feemed to gather Hill into'the deep, only becaufe he might more eafily gain the 
 Cape and promontory aforel'aid. But fo foon as he fa w the Romans {hips make way toward 
 him,(I wot not what fuddain accident it was that affrighted him) he fet up all his fails and fell off, 
 iito the main Sea: and after he had fent certain mefleagers to Herac/cj, willing them for to fee 
 again their hulks home hno J frick^^ himfelfcoaHed all along ^/a/y, andfhaped hiscourfefor 
 T'^trentMnf. Epicides difappointed thus on a fuddain, of fb great hopes that he had, becaufe he 
 would not return again to thefiegeofaCity , whereofagreatparc was loft already, failethto 
 
 R r 3 Agrifentttmi
 
 4^o The five andtispentie/j Bool\ofT,hivms. 
 
 AirigeKtum-, there to abide and expedl; the event and fmall iffue, rather than to ftir himfelf and H 
 irye any nnore, how to help them wiih any iULCOur trom thence. 
 
 Theiie things being reported '.TiLhe amp ot the Sicilians, to wit, thiz Epicides had quit Sjcrd- 
 cufe; that the Carthaginianshadabandocitdchewhole Hand of5/c;//, and in manner yeelded it 
 again into the hands of the Romans: after they had founded firli their minds who were befieged, 
 by talk and conference with them, they fent Hmoafladors unto Marcellus, to treat about condi- 
 tions of furrendringiheCity, When they were grown in a manner to this point, withoutany 
 fqiiaring or difference at all;Th.u theRomansl'houldhave the (ignory all and wholly which be- 
 longed unto the Kings: and that, alkherelf the Sicilians fhould enjoy, with liberty and their 
 own proper Laws ; the Embafladors aforelaiu called forth to a parley, thofe unto whom Epici- j 
 des at his departure had committed the government of che affairs, and declared unto them, that 
 as they were addrefied Orators unto MarccUta, fo they were from him fent unto the army of the 
 Sicilians: that generally all, as well the befieged, as thofe who were without the danger of the 
 fiege, fhould be comprized within the treaty, and abide one and the fame fortune : and thst nei- 
 ther the one hde nor the other ftonid capitulate or enter into .ny covenant for themfelves apart, 
 without all the refi. Who being reieived and admitted, for to falute andfpeak unto their kins- 
 folk and friends, made them ai-quainted with the agreement and compofition between iW^rc^/- 
 /^/ and them : and fo after they h.id prefented unto them fome good hope of their fafety, they 
 perfwaded with them fo far forth , as to joyn with them , and all together, for to fet upon an(t' 
 aflault the bodies of the Captains deputed by £/«V/^«,n mely- PoljuUiut-, PhJiflw, and one£pi- j^ 
 cides furnamed Sydtu. When they wereon:emadeavvay and killed, they called the multitude 
 together unto a genera! ciffembly : where they complained greatly of their poverty, and penury 
 of all things ("for which ihey were wont to mnrmurfecretly among themfelves:) "And albeit 
 '■'• ye are dilirciVid ffaythey) with fo many miferies and calamities, yet are ye not to blame for- 
 " tune therefore, fo long as it was in your own power and choke, either to be delivered from 
 " them, orro endure them longer. A<: for the Romans ((aid they) it was not hatred ,butmeer 
 '" love .ind charity that moved them to come ngainft Syraaife for to affault it. For when they 
 "heard th u the government oftheftate was uibrped by Hippocrates and Epiades (the minilfers 
 '' firlt belonging to Anmbr.L and after to Hteronyrum) then they began to lay (iege unto itinten- 
 "dirvj not the overthrow and deilruiVion ofihe City it fclf, but toput downanddepofethe ^ 
 " cruei tyr.int th.it ru,ed the (late. Seeing then, that now Hippicrates is dead, Eptcides excluded 
 " from 5; aciife, his Deputies and Captains killed, and the Catthsginians driven out of all their 
 *' hold .^nd poffefnon of 5;c-/7)', both by Land and Set, what reafon have the Romans, bnttobe 
 *' willingand well content, that S^ra:i^;fe (hould continue in fafety now as well as ii ETicro him- 
 '* felf were living, the only mainteiner and obfcrvant upholder ofthe Roman amity ? Andthere- 
 •* fore, if ought but well (liould happen, either to the City, or to the Citizens,ye may thank your 
 *' fcives, and none elfe, for letting flip opportunity now offered , of reconciliation and attone- 
 "ment with the Romans. Neverlook to have the like occafion hereafter, to that, which at this 
 *'in(iantispre'ented: if ye had the grace to fee what a door is opened for you, to be delivered 
 " from the yoke of moil infolent and proud tyrants. This fpeech they gave ear unto with ex- j^ 
 ceeding accord and general applaufe. But before that any Embaffadors were nominated to be 
 fent unto tJHarcellus, it was thought good that new Pretors fiiould be created. Out of the num- 
 ber of which Pretors, there were Orators addrefied unto Marcelhts. And the principal man a- 
 mong them, fpnke in this wife. " Neither we Syracufians (quoth he) O M^rcellus^M the firlt re- 
 " volted uorT) you Romans,but Hnronymtis-, impious and wicked Prince as he was ; yet nothing 
 " fo mu:h hurtful ro you as to us: nor afterwards when peace was knit again upon the murder 
 "of trie tyrant, was it any citizen of ^/r^tc/^/c , but f/;;>/>?cr4r« and £/)/c/^^i- ^the Kings right 
 '* hands rind miniders, who opprefTed and kept us under, with fear of one fide,3nd with deceiva- 
 " biefleights on another fide) that made the brack, and were thetroublers and diflurbers of this 
 '■' perrc. Nor yet can any man come forth andlaytruly, thatever we were at ourown liberty, jq 
 " and cnrerteined no^ peace and amity with you. And now alfo I affure you, fo foon as by the 
 
 " m^iffai ,eottheie,that heid Syracup in fuch opprefTion and bondage, we began again to be our 
 "ovvnrrtrn and to have the law in our own hands ; thelirii thing you ftSpthat we do, is this, to 
 " ccme-ind prefent our felves unto you. to deliver up our armor and weapons, to yeeMourbo- 
 " die?, our City, the walls, and all the flrength thereof, and to refufe no condition, that it fhall 
 " pleaie you Romans to impofe upon us. As to your felf, O noble A^arcellus^ the Gods have 
 <' given you rhe honour of conqueif ,over the moR noble and beautiful city of all other in Greece. 
 *' Beheld now, what memorable a;?fs foever that we have at any time atchieved, either by Land 
 
 *'orSca all makes to the advancement of theglorioustitleanddignity of your triumph. See 
 
 "you then, that anotherdayitbenotknown by barehear-fay and the trumpoffame, how great q 
 ^' and mif^hty a City you have won, but rather that it may ftand ttill aid remain for all pofterity, 
 *' forn mark and worthy fpeffacleto behold: totheend, that whofoever hereafter, fhall reforc 
 thither by l.and. whoioever fhall arrive there by Sea -it may prefent unto them both our Tro- 
 '^ phees and worthy victories over the Athenians and Carthaginians ; and alfo this of yours over 
 " us the brayelf conqueff of all the reft. See (I fayj that you leave for your houfe and family, 
 
 ' the City ot Sjracufe whole and found, to do homage and fealty ever hereafter, to the name and 
 " linage of the M^rcellt, and to hold of them as of their foveraign LL. in chief and in villenage. 
 
 "That
 
 The five andtmentieth Bo9kj}fTXAv\us. 4 61 
 
 A " That all the World may feCjthat the late Kmtmhnncto^ Hieronymta^ beareth no greater (koke 
 ''with the Romans , that the ancieni name of King ///fro , a noble Prince of famous memory, 
 *'Mui.h longer washeatriend, thai) the other an enemy. His good deeds and many favours ye 
 *' have tailed and felt with great contentment : the folly and madnels oiHierotj^mits^ hurt none 
 *' of you, but wro'.ight his own confnhon and overthrow. There was nothing buc they mighc 
 ''have obteioed at the Romans hands: all was cleer there, and no danger from thence. Buta- 
 *• mong their own felves they were at more war: there was the peril, there was all themifchief. 
 *' For the Roman rebels, who were run from them, doubting that they fliould be delivered over 
 " into their h-nds, and notcomprifed within the terms of the compohtion and prcte6^ion,drave 
 B "■ the auxiliaries al'o that were waged louldiers into the fame fcrupieand fear,! ney hallily there- 
 " fore took arms, and firll killed the Pretors : and afterwards, ran all a':>out to mniricre the Syra- 
 *' cufians. Look whom they hapned to meet , them they muidred in this furious ht ot i. holer. 
 " Whatl'oever came next to their hands, and lay handfome for them, they rifled. And bet.aufe 
 *• forfooth- they would not be without their leaders, they created I. x pro. olis or Captains, thac 
 "three lliould govern Acradi/ia^ and other three Mi-ZAf. Ac the lad, alter the up' ore was 
 *' appealed, the mercenary fouldiers aforcfaid , followed the matter throughly by icatLh and 
 ** diligent inquiry, what were the capitulations indeed agreed upon with i he Romans; and 
 "then began the very truth to appear, namely, that their i.ondition and the fugitives were far 
 "different, 
 
 C Thefe Embafladors in very good time returned from Marcclha, and certified them that they 
 were caried away with a wrong furmifeandralfelnrpition, and the Romans had no jnRcaufeto 
 punifh them. Now there wa=; one of thofe three ''rovoH? of Acrad na, a Spaniard n:'mcd Meri- 
 cus. Unto him there was fenc for the nonce among thofe of the retinueand tr/.inof the Embaffa- 
 dors aforefaid, one of the Spaniards, who were auxiliary fouidiers, letving under theRomans: 
 who finding Meriats i'lone without othercompany^gave him to underliaiid efpedally above all 
 " things, in what terms he had left Vp^/;^ ('and from thence he was ncwiy Lome) namely,how the 
 "Rom:!ns there wert grown mighty , and held agreat hand over them with theirforces. And 
 " that himfef, in cafe he had a mind to do fome worthy deed ,mi^;hc i'oon rife, and be agreat man 
 '' in his country : chufe whether he lill to ferve under the Romans, or return again into his r;wn 
 
 £) " home. Contr.iry-wile, if he went on Hill in this conr e he h d hegnn, and minded (^iil to be 
 "beheged, wh« long abiding placecouid he hiie there, flv.u upas hi was from Sea and L;nd? 
 ./Vifr/c«j pondered well thefe reafons : and when it was agreed, that there llionid beaddrefled 
 new Embaffadors unto A^-ircel/i^t-iknt his own brother with ih3m,who 1 y the 'elf fame Spani.rd 
 was brought a^art trom all the relt unto M.ircdl.is : and after he h.id a proteili )n granted , he 
 laid the plot, and ordered all the matter how it fliould be done, and fo returned to Acradim, 
 Then Mericns becaul'e he would withdraw mens minds frotri al! fufpition of treafon and that he 
 intended nothing leffe, than to betray v^cr^^;»<j,gaveitout, That he liked not, and would no 
 more of this recourfe, ever and anon* of Embaffadors between ; and therefore as he would ad- 
 mit of none to come from Ma^cellas-. fo he would fend no more to him. And to the end, thac 
 
 E all the guards fhould be kept more diligently, he thought it good to divide conveniently among 
 - theProvo(}s,the quartersof the City, and alTign to every one his ward bv himfelf, and thac each 
 one fliould be bound to anfwer for the fafe keeping of his own div ifion, and for no more. Then 
 all gave their confent to part accordingly, and to himfelf befel the charge of that qu.irter which 
 reacheth from the fountain or well Arethufj.nnto the mouth or entry of the great key or haven. 
 And hereof he gave notice and intelligence to theRomans, Wheupon Mr.rcclLis cauled a great 
 Hulk, laden with armed fouldiers, to be falfned by an haling rope unto a Gaily of four courfe of 
 oars, and fo in the night by (Irength of oars to be tewed and drawn up after it into Acradina^znA 
 landeth the fouldiers over againii the gate, that is neer to the fountain ^rff/;«p. This being 
 done about the relief ofthe fourth watch, Mennis received the fouldier'; that wtrefetaflioreac 
 
 F thegace, according as beforeit was agreed. And Marcdl.n bythe dawning of the day, with all 
 his forces gave a Camlfado upon the walls of Acrcdina, in fuch manner, that not only he turned 
 thither unto his affault all thofe that kept Acradin.i., but alfo from A^// there came runnin*^ 
 whole fqnadrons and companies of armed men (leaving their own ward^j for to repel and puc 
 back the violence and aflault ofthe Romans, In this turmoil and trouble, certein B<;rges ap- 
 pointed and furniflied thereto aforehaDd,were brought about to/V;/or,& there let other fouldiers 
 aland: who coming at unwares upon the corps d' i^u f^rthat were left half naked and very weak, 
 by reafonof the departure of their fellows, and finding the gates wide open, at which erewhilc 
 the fouldiers ran out, with fmall ado were maflers of A/''/^^, left, asitwas, forlorn of warders, 
 who in fear made hafl to run away and efcape. And none of them all had lefl'e means to dc- 
 
 Qfend themfelves. or fmaller mind to tarry ftill, than the fugitive rebels , for they durft not well 
 trufi: their own fellows, and fo in the hotted of theskirmifli made an efcape, M.irceUm fo 
 foonas heunderrtood, that Nnfos was won. and likewifethat onequarter of Acadinawis held 
 and kept for him , and that Mencus with his guard had joyned to his fouldiers. founded the re- 
 treat: for fear, that the Kings treafure, which was more in name than in deed, fhould be rifled 
 and fpoiled. 
 
 Thus by fupprelTing the violence ofthe fouldiers, both the rebel fugitives that were in ^cra- 
 dina, had good time and place to Chift for thetnfelvcs and gee away, and alfo the Syracufians de- 
 livered
 
 ^iz The five andmentietb Boo^o/T.Livius. 
 
 livered now atlaft from fear, opened the gates of Acradi»a^ and lent Orators unto Marcel/as^H 
 craving nothing bin lilefonhemfelves and their (hildren.M^rcc/z'wj called his Councel together, 
 and thofe Syratnuans likcwife, who in the time oftivildiflention, were driven to forfake their 
 houfes, and remained among the garrilons of the Romans : and then he made the Embafladors 
 thlsanfvver. "There have not been (quoth he) more benefits and good tnrns forihefpaceok' 
 "fifty years receivedat King/Z/frohishands by thepeople of ^owf,than detrimectsandmif- j 
 '■ chiefs intended againft them within thefe few years, by them that have feized and poflefled the 
 *' Cii^ oi Syracuj.i, But moll olthoemikhiefs in the end, have lighted upon their heads righc 
 " juftly, who duly deferved the fjme : and for die breach of league and covenantSjthey ihemfelves 
 '' have fuffered at their own hands m.ore grievous punilhment by far, than the people of /Jo wf \ 
 " would willingly ever have required. As for me, this is the third year that I lie in hege before 
 ^^ Syr-icufi; not, laliureyou, with this intent, that the City fhould not be refervedfafe and 
 " found for the natural people thereof to t.eep and inhabit, but that theCaptains and ring-leaders 
 ' of fugitives and rebels might not feize it, and fo hold it incaptivity and opprelTion. How 
 "mKh the Syracuiian.; might havedone with me atfirlf, may beeafily feenby the example ei- 
 "ther of thofe Syraaifians who converfed among the guards of the Romans, orof theSpanifli 
 " Captain vl/^/r^^;, who yeeldedup his girrifon. Yea, and the hardy andrefolutecourfeinthe 
 *■ end taken (although it were with the latelf^ by theSyracuhansthemfelveSjmay fufficiently 
 * teftifie the fame. Whereby alio it may appear,that for all my travel and pain which 1 haveun- 
 ''dergone,for all the perils which I have adventured and pafled through, about the walls of ^j'--^ 
 '■■ racMp. both by Land and Water, thus long ; I have gathered no fruit fo fweec and pleafant as 
 *' this, that ir may befaidjiow I was able, yet atlalf, to win and conquer SyrAcisfa, 
 
 Then the Qj'el'or was lent, attended with a guard, unto Nafos, for to enter upon theKings 
 
 SiTtcuf^wrn treafurc there, jnd tokcep thefameinfafety. The pillage of the City was given to the fouldiers: 
 
 and ranfackcd but there w.re appointed certain warders over every houfe of theirs, who were among the gar- 
 
 rifcn? o; the Romans, for to lave the fame. Amids many cruel, fpightful, and foul examples of 
 
 anger, malice, and covetoulnels, which hapnedto be committed during the time of this faccage, 
 
 it is reported, 1 hat info great hurliburly as poffibly might be, when a City is newly taken, and 
 
 /inh'imedei hungry fouldiers run to riHing, Archimcdessy^s budiy occupied, and Hudying upon cerrein Geo- 
 
 killed. metrical figures that he had drawn outin the duff, and hapned tobeflain by a fouldier, thatj^ 
 
 knew not who he was. Whereat M.-rcdi/.s was much offended and diipleafed : and thereupon 
 
 give efpecial order, that he fliould be honourably enteried: yea, and cauled his kinsfolks to be 
 
 fought out •■ and a'l they in remembrance of him, ard for his name fake, were not only faved,buc 
 
 aKo well accounted of, and hsd in good reputation. Thus you fee in what foit, .ind by what 
 
 means efpecially,5»?r^fff'/c' was won. ACity wherein was found I'uch (lore of wealth and riches, 
 
 as hardly would have been gotten in Carthage-, ifithadbeen forced then: iiotv\'ithllandingic 
 
 was able to hold out with Rome^ and maintein war with equal force and power. 
 
 Some few dayes before the winning of 5)r<jr«/?, T. Oclaci/itis\y\ih fourfcoreCallies, of five 
 ranks of oars, croffed the Seas from Li/ylaam to Uttca, and being entred the gate before day light, 
 chanced totikeby the way certain Cariiks charged with corn. After he was disbarked and let a j^| 
 Land, he walkd grievoufly part of the territory about /^f/c^,and returned to the City with booty 
 and prizes of all lorts. And the third day after he went frotn L//;/'<c«»; he returned thither again 
 with ijocarickstu.lofcorn and other booty: and that corn he lent forthwith to 5/r^c«/f: which 
 if it had not come as it did in good time to help the prefent necelTity, the conque»ors as well as 
 the conquered had felt the fmart of molf extream and grievous famine. 
 
 In the fame fummer, the Roman Generals in Spain (who almoft for two years had done no 
 memorabe.'ff there .but warred by policy and f!ratagems,more than by force of arms) diflodged 
 from their forts and winter harbors, and joyned their armies together. Then they called a Coun- 
 cel, .wheretlieyjvmped with one general accord in this opinion, Thatconfidering all this while 
 they had effected thif much only, astoempeach andlfay ^/ij'r«/^<j/fromallmeansofpairing over j,^ 
 into It/ If, it wa': now high time to make an end at onteof the war in Spain. And to effeftand 
 bring 'his to paffe, rhey luppofed verily that their ikengih was well amended and fufficient, by 
 realon thct in the winter time they had lev ied and put in arms thirty thoufand Celtiberians. Now 
 the Carthaginians had in 5o4<« then, no fewer than three armie.?. A fdr uh a I ihe ion ofG/j^a, and 
 ■^'^j^o^weit^rncAm^cdv/kh all their forces together, diflant from the Romans almoft tivedayes 
 journey: y^flrtif>^iUhc fon of yinulc^^.r^ an ancient warrior, and an old Captain in 5j?4/W, was 
 Jomewhat neererwith his whole power, before a City named Awtorgu. Him the Roman Ge- 
 nerals were dehrous to defeat and vanquifli firft: and in good hope they were, that they had 
 flrencthenough and tofpare.fot to accomplifli that: mary, this was their only doubt and fear, 
 left upon thediu omiiture ot him, the other y^fdrul;^/iad Alago would for fear retire themfelves q 
 into the unpsfTable woods, and take the wilds and mountains, and lb maintein along war. They 
 fuppofed therefore it was the beft courfe to divide theirpower between them in two parts, and 
 at once to compafs the whole war ol Spain. And thus they agreed to part their forces ; namely, 
 That / . fonirlius (liould lead two third parts of the army,conlifiingofRomans and allies,againft 
 Ma^o and AfdniM i and that Cn. Cornelius with the other third part ot that old army fhould 
 joyn with the Celtiberians, arid war againft Afdruhal the Barchinc [/. fon of Amilcar above- 
 faid.] Both thele Captains with their hofts fet out together in their joiirny, putting the Celti- 
 berians
 
 The five and twentieth Boo{ ofT, Livius. 46 5 
 
 X behans before in ihe vanguard, and cncjmped ncer the City j^KAtorgis in the fght of their cne- 
 mies,having but the river running between. And there C».5'c/;>/oriaid behindhand made his ..bode 
 with the power aforel'aid : bac P. Sapio went onward to perform that part of the w.-r whi.h he 
 purpofed and intended, AfdrtibJ atter he peri-cived thatiherclay in campbutafmallpower of 
 Romans, and that their whole hope reued upon the aids of theCeltiberians j as one that could 
 well ski.l ofthc falfliood and treachery of;he barbarous people.butetpeciallyofallthofe nation?, 
 among whoni he had been fo long a fou.dier: by reaion that both camp.s, as well his own .ts the 
 other ot the Romans, were full of Spaniards, he ufed by themeansot reciprocal commeric of 
 their language for to have fecret fpeech and conterencewith the principal heads of the Celtibcri- 
 B ans,and lo treated with them,that in confideration of agreat fum of money.thcy were perfwadcd 
 and yeelded in the end to withdraw all their Forces from thence, and give the Romans the flip. 
 And this they fuppofed was not fo heinous and odious a faft. For why? they were not dealc 
 withal to turn their fwords upon the Romans^and to war againft them : again.they were to have 
 as tooodpay and wages to htliill andnot to fervejas wasfurficienttobind them for to bear arms 
 and fight: andlalt of all,rert it felt, andfleepingina whole skin^together with their return homa 
 to their own, andthejoyand pleafureofvihting their friends, and feeing their goods and lands, 
 were plaufible and plealing inducements to every man. And therefore the Cnptain.^ themfch es 
 were nofooner drawn thereto,thanche very multitude. Overandbendes,to lirikeicdeadfure, 
 they ftood in no fear of the Romans(being fo few as they were) that theycouldpolTibly keep 
 Q them perforce. And furely, this might well terve, to be a Caveat for Roman Captains ever here- 
 after, and fuch precedent examples and inliances as this, may (land in Head of good Icffons in- 
 deed, to teach them how they truft again the aids offoreiners ; and never to relic themfelvcs fo 
 much upon them, but that they alwaycs have in their camp the greaterpart of their own forces, 
 and themore number ol their natural fouldiers. All on a luddain therefore the Celtibcrians dl- 
 " ilodged,plucked up(}and.irds,and departed from them, andne^erbad themfarewel. And when 
 the Romans demanded thecaufeof thischan5e,yea,and befoughtand importuned them to tarry, 
 they made them no other anfwer but this, That they were called and fent forborne by occafion 
 ot wars in their own country, ^'a/).* feeing that thefe Allies of his were fo flippcry, and could nei- 
 ther be intreated nor enforced to (lay: and that himfelf alone without them was notable to 
 D make his part good with the enemy : and to joyn again with his brother,was a thing impoffiblei 
 for wane ofall othergood means,for the prefentjwhen he faw no remedy elfe, determined to re- 
 tire himfelf as far backward as he could : having this efpecial care above all things.not to encoiui- 
 ler and joyn batrail with the enemy in plain field, without fome ad vantage,w ho now was pafied 
 over the river, and traced bim hard at heels in his difmarch. 
 
 About the fame time P.Sctpio flood inthelike termsof fear,butin more danger by thecoming ^ 
 of a newencmy and tciat was-/i^./p;f;j/'.s the young Prin:e who then was a friend and pcnf.onary 
 fouldier of the Carthaginians: but afterwards mighty and renowned for his amity with the Ro- 
 mans, He with his Nnmidian Horfemen firft encountred P.Scipio-, as he marched on his journey, 
 and afterwards both day and night molefled and troubled him very flirewdly .• in fu.h fort, thac 
 £ not only he would intercept and catch up thofe that were gone out wandering and llragling far 
 from the camp, a fuelling or foraging, and fend them fliort of home; but alfo ride braving even 
 before the camp. Many a time would he venture, yea, and enter upon the thickell of the (landing 
 corps dc^iiard, and make foul work and trouble among them. By night alfo he ufsd oft to make 
 many ftarts upon a fuddain, and aflail the gates ofthe camp and the rampier, and put them in ex- 
 ceeding great frights. So as the Romans at no time, nor in no place could be at re!t and quiet for 
 liim,but ever in fear and doubt of fome flirewd turn or other by him : fo as they were driven to 
 keep within theirrampier cucofffrom theufeofallccmmodities abroad. and in a manner as good 
 as befieged : and more (keightly yet were they like to be beleaguered, in cafe Irdibdts-> who was 
 comingCastherumor went) with 7500 Suefletans, wcreoni.e joyned with theCarthaginians. 
 J; Whereupon Scipio a wary warrior and prudent Captain otherwifejdriven to thefe hard cxtremi- 
 ties,and forced to make fhifts,entred into a ralli and incon.lderate dchgnment, even to go on and 
 mcet(forlooth) ladihiln'm the night, and in what place foeverit iliouldbehis hap to encounter 
 him, there to bid liimbattail, and fight with him. Leaving therefore ameangujrd to keep the 
 camp,3nd T.Fontcimhh Lieutenant,as Provoftand Captain, he fct out at midnight and meeting 
 with his enemies, joyned battail with them: but they skirmillied rather by loofe companies in 
 their march, than with their united forces in fet and pight field. Howbeit, the Romans had the 
 better hand fo much as it was,confidering what a confuted and diforderly conQifl there mlglit be. 
 But theNumidian Cavalry ,whom Scifio thought he was fecured of,and th.-it they were not aware 
 of him,3ll on a fuddain flanked the fiaes of the Romans,and mightily terrified them. Againft thele 
 G Numidians,whiles Scpio made head again afrefli. behold a third fort of enemies alfocharged upon' 
 his back, even the Carthaginian Captains, whoby this time while the other were in fighr, had 
 overtaken their allies and were come thither. So as the Romans were to maintain nattnil on all 
 hands and wereatafland and in doubt with themfelvesagainff which enemy (o turn firil or what 
 way with a clofe couched fquadron to give the venture for to break through. Asthe General 
 was thus manfully fighting, and encouraging his fouldiers, prefenting and oppol'ng him elf" for- 
 ward, where was moft need and danger, hischance was to be run through the right l"de of his p r • ■ e s-^^ 
 body with a Lance: and that mafiTive band of the enemies which had charged upon the tlmk ' ''^" *"'' 
 
 battalion.
 
 464. T'hefivc anJii3i>entiethBool\ofT.LWmSo 
 
 bittailbii, whkhenvirored their Captain, feeing 5'c/p/ot"al)irg from his ho.le ready to die, in pj 
 cren )oy ard mirth lee up a cheerftoi fhout , and ran allo\er the arm) and caried glad tidings 
 that the Rom.^.n General was flsin. This \oice being once ipreadali abroad, caufedboth the 
 enemies to take themfer^es undoubredly forviflors , and the Romans to make no other ac- 
 compt but they were vanquiQied, Whereupon they having lo! liieir Leader, began forthwith 
 to flie cut ot the field. But as it was no hard matter for them 10 make a lane and break through 
 among theNnmidiAns, and other auxiliary foiildiers lightly armed i 10 to elcape andgodeet 
 awjy from "0 many Horfe, and Footmen alfo, who were as iwiit on foot asthehorfemen, in 
 vvasalp-ioii impoffible. Thusthey were more in manner flain in their flight now, then in their 
 fi<:hi before. And there had not one remained alive, but that the d.iy being far fpent already,and t 
 toward evening, the night came on apace and overtook them. The Carthaginian Captains, and 
 ihofe ?\io oi Ajfrick^-, takingthefuU benefit of this their goodfortune. flept not their bufinefle, 
 oor made delay: but prefencly after the battailjfcarcely allowing their fouldiersfo much fleep as 
 would content nature, marched in great halt toyfztd jifdrtibi l\.\\t(on oi Amiloir : making ac- 
 compc affuredly, that when they had joyned their power with his, they fhould break the neck 
 of this war, and end it once for all. Whenthey were come to him great joy and gratulition 
 there was between the Captains and the hofls of both fides, for this frelli vi^ory newly atchie- 
 ved: and feeing they had already defeated fo brave a warrior and great commander, together 
 with his whole army, they made no doubt but expei^ed certainly to have another hand as good 
 as this, _ . K 
 
 The news verily of this fo great a foil and overthrow, was not yet come unto the Romans : 
 but yet they were ikucken into a fad dump and deep filen.e, and more than that, into a fecret 
 prefage and fore-deeming offome uniucky tidings : as commonly mens minds ufe to fore-give ■ 
 and tell aforehand, when there is fome miLhief and ill toward them. The General himfclf be- 
 sides that he faw he was abandoned and forfaken of his affociats, and knew the forces of the 
 enemies fo mightily reenforccd ; by good conjei^ures and gueffes. yea, and by very reafon- was 
 induced to fufpe.51 forhe lois and calamity received already, rather thanenclined to hope after any 
 good fuccefs and happy fpeed. For thus be difcourfed with himfeJf: Howis it pofTibiethat ^Z- 
 drub.ilznd Mago fhould bring their armies together without confliff, unlefb my brother be flain 
 in fight, or have forgotten tobe a warrior ? how cometh it that he withft ood them not ? or how L 
 hapneth it that my brother followed not hard after them faft upon their backs? At leaftwife, if 
 he had not been able to keep them afundcr, but that both Cjptainsand armies muH needs meec 
 and joyn in one, yet he him elf me thinks, at leartwife would have come by this time to his 
 brother and brought his own power to his. Inthis perplexity and anguifh oFfpirit, he thought 
 yer, for the p.efenttime,th3t the only good courfe he cculd take, was to withdraw himlelt back 
 *from thence as far as he could : and 10 all that one night unwares to his enemies (who fo long 
 only were quiet) he marched a gre.it wav and won muLh ground of them. The next morning^lo 
 foon as the enemies perceived that the Romans were diflodged and gone, they fent out the Nu~ 
 midian iighr Horfemen ard began to follow ofter them .ipace, and purued them as fall as pofli- 
 bly they could : and before night theNumidian Cavalry had overtaken them, andskirmiflied**, 
 one while with the tail oftheirmarch another whiles at their fides and flanks, and ga\e them no 
 reft : whereat the Romans made as it wereafiand, and began to defend andfave their army as 
 well as they could : yet with great warinefs and regard of fecurity, Sctfio encouraged them fo to 
 fight, aS they might march on fiill and gain ground, before the Infantry overtook them. But as 
 one whilethe army was one foot, and another while flood fiili, in long time they rid but a little 
 ground. And Scip'io feeing the night draw on apace, reclaimed his fouldiers from farther skir- 
 mifbes: and after he had rallied them together, heretired with them up to a little mount, no 
 fnffi'cient place (Godwot) oflafe retreat for an army5erpec;allyfo troubled and affrighted already, 
 yet higher than any other place all about. There the firft thing that he did, was to beflow the 
 baggage and cavalry in the mids within his forces : and at firft the infantry ranged round about in j^ 
 a ring, made no difficult matter of it to put by the violent charge of the Numidian Horfemen. 
 But afterwards when the three Generals marching with three full armies approached.iheir Cap- 
 tain 5f,p/9 perceiving that he was never able tokeepthat place without fome fortification,- be- 
 gan to cart his eye about, ardtobethink withhimfelf, by what means polTible he might empale 
 himfelf round about as it were with a rampier : but the hill was fo naked of wood, and the foil 
 of the ground befides fo flony and craggy, that he could neither finde any underwood fit to cue 
 out flakes for a pallifadonor earth meet tomiketurfsforabank, orminablefor a trench: and in 
 onewo-^d, all things untoward and unhandfome fora mound, and tofortifie withal. Neither 
 was there any place there, ro fpeak of, fo fleep and upright, but the enemy might at eafe mounc 
 iip and I limb it. All the hil' on every fide, hadagentlerifingand afccntup to the top. How- q 
 beit, to rcprefent fome fliew and refemblance yet of a rampier, they were forced to take their 
 pack laddies, with their packs tied faft unto them, and fo round about to pile them and raife 
 them to theufual height of a mure: And whererhere wanted pack faddles to make up the work, 
 there ibey were fain ro heap together, all forts of fardels- trufTes, and other carriages, and 
 to put them between the enemies and them. The Carthaginian armies when they were come, 
 matched very eafily up againft the Hill, But the new Tafhi on and manner of their defences 
 and fortifications} was very fltange unto them, fo as at the firft the fculdiers marvelled much 
 
 and
 
 The five and mentietb Boo{^ofT. Li vius. 46 5 
 
 A and were a(ionied thereat, and ftoodftill. But their Captains on all Hdes cried out upon them. 
 And why Hand yeg3ping(fay theyj fo ; and donocpBilinpeecesandpluck away that tooiilhba- 
 ble there, good tonnake fport with ? A very toy, that women and childien woujdfiar.e Hand a- 
 bout thus long ? Why, theenemie is taken already in a pinfold, and lieth lurking and hiding 
 himfelt'behind the trufles and other carriages. After this manner (I fay^ the leaders rated at the 
 Jouldicrs.Biitit was not foeafy a matter either to get over that Barricadootthepai-ks or to re- 
 move and rid themoiKof the way. as they lay piled cloleagainli them ; nor yet to unfold and un- 
 wrap the pack-laddies, lying overwhelmed as they did, under the packs, and entangled together 
 with them. Thus they were hindred arid (laid a longtime: and whtin at length they had put this 
 . bag and baggage ai'de that was fct in their way,and madepaflage and entrance for the armed men, 
 B and that in divers pla.es , theeampand tents were loon taken on alUides, ereamaticoujdiurn 
 about: and fo being few to many, and irighted mentolateconquerors, no marvel if they were 
 killed and hewn inpie.es in every piai-e. Howbeic, many ofthei'ouidieis having fled for refuge 
 into the forrellsneer by. eicaped into the camp of P. Scipio, whereof T. Font cms his Lieutenant 
 hjd the (.barge. A^fo. Ct.Sciph fome write that he was llain upon that mount. at the hrR onfec 
 and affauit made by the enemies: others report that with a few others he fled into aTower harci 
 bythecamp: and that there was a fire m.ideroundaboutit, and fo when thegates thereofvvere 
 burned- whii-h by no v iolent means otherwife they could break open, the enemies entred and 
 took it, and they within were killed every one Cjptain and all. 
 
 Thu'^ r». Scpio came to hi? end, in the feventh year after that be went into Spain, and on the 
 C nine -indtwentieth day after that his brother loH his life. Their death was bewailed and lamen- 
 ted no lels over all 5p.!/;- than at ^awf. For among the citizens at home one part of their forrow 
 they took for the lois of the armies, another part went for the diflrafllon and alienation of the 
 Province and a third again was fpent in the cogitation of the publick calamity : but 5p,//;; from 
 one end to the other, mourned only for their Governors and Captains, and had a great mifleof 
 them. And Ckchs of the t wain, was more bewailed, becaufed he had been longer time their ru- 
 ler, and had won the favour and affcftion of men, and poffelfed their hearts before the other: 
 and was the firlf that ever gave them in thofe parts a proof and tall of the Romans juft and tem- 
 perat government. 
 
 Wlien the army was thus defeated and brought to nothing , fo as Sp.t!>i feemed utterly loft, 
 j) there aro'e one many^t. that recovered all again, and brought the decaiedftate to the former 
 perfeition. There was in the army oDeL,Marti»hihe fon of Septi»:iits^a Gentleman and Kni^ he 
 oi Rot'e^z forward young maniforcoufage and wit, far above the degree and condition wherein 
 he was born. Bende- this excellent and moft toward dilpolition of his by nature, he had ^ reac 
 helps by tfie difv.ipline and inrtrudion of f'w, 5c/pio: underwhom, for fo many years he was 
 trained and had le.irnedall military knov^edgeand skill meet for a fouldier. This ^/.;rf/w,whaE 
 by rallying thedifperied fouldiers who were fled,and what by drawing others out of fundry ''ar- 
 ril'ons.had railed andaflembled together a reafonable good power,and joyhed with T.Fo»tatiSy 
 the Lieutenant aforelaid of /"..Sc/p/iJ. But the Roman Knight,above all others, crew to fo Teat 
 credit and reputation among all the fouldiers, that when they had fortified their camp within the 
 E river /6f>-«/, and were determined among themrelves,tochnre one General over the armies in a. 
 folemn aflembly of fouldiers even by their own military elei^ion : they went one by one in conrfe 
 one after another.unto the main corp- d-: qnard that defended the irampier and to the other wards 
 belonging unto the camp until they had all given their voyces : and fo by general confent created 
 liim their General. Allthetime which they had at'ter,(and that was but l"m.ill) they employed in 
 fortifying their hold, and conveying thither corn and viftuals: and what chargcfoever was im- 
 pofed by him upon the fouldiers, the fame they executed readily and willingly, and without any 
 fhevv that their hearts wcredifmaycd, and call down any jot at all. Biit after that news was 
 brought, that jfdmb.dVnt^on oiO'fpiWis coming againll them, todifpatchrlean the reliqucs 
 of the war ; that hehadpjfledover !l>ertisznd approached neer: and thelbu'diers law once the 
 ^ pfignalofbattel put forth unto them by this new General; calling to mind, what ncble warriors 
 they hadferveciunderbuta while before; whatworthy leaders they were wonr to have, and with 
 how puiffant armies they ui'ed heretofore togo tothc field ; they fell a weeping every one fha- 
 king and beating their heads: fome lift up andilrecched out their h,inds to heaven blamin?and 
 acculingthe Gods : others lay along upon the ground,calling every one upon his own Captain by 
 fpecial name. Neither could their piteous moans and plaints be flaid notwithflarding the Cen- 
 turions encouraged what they could (hefouldiers of theircompanies : notwithflandin2(Ifay) 
 that v^/^rfi,7/himfelf fometimc; fpake them fair, fometimes rebuked them, for giving them- 
 lelves to fuch foolifli and vain puling, like women: and not rather rcfohe to raifeuptheir hearts, 
 and with him to quicken and whet their (iomacks in detenccofthemlel' e^ and ol thecommon- 
 G weal, and not f^ futfer their former Captains and Leaders to lie dead and nnfcvenged. By this 
 time now all on a fnddain.iheflioutot the enemies vvasdelcried,ardthe fomld of the trumpets 
 were within hearing being come dote under the rampier. Whereupon all at once turning their 
 forrow and weeping into an^cr and indignation they ranevery msnto his armorand weapon: 
 and as if they had been ho n m;d they halined from all parts to the gates and entries of the camp, 
 and charged upon the enemies as they came carelefly and without order and array. Imme- 
 diately this unapedcd and luddain obje6>, ftroke an exceeding fear into the Cartbaginianst 
 
 AS
 
 ^66 T'hefive and wentieth Boo}\ofT» Livius. 
 
 as wondrin" from whence fo many enemies fhould ftart up fo foon5confidering the armies were pj 
 io lately clean in a manner deflroycd ; and how it came lo paffe, thai being newly vanquiflied 
 and put to flight.chey ftiould be lo ftout,fo bold and confident of their own lelves ; who a Gods 
 name, fhould be their General, after the two Scifwi were Dain ; what Captain and Governor 
 had they over the camp; and who gave out the fignal of battail : marvelling (I fay) at thefepre- 
 mifles, tnd fo many particulars, that they once imagined not afore, atfirB hand they wifl not 
 what to do, but as amazed men, began to give ground and retire; but afterwards, being (till 
 fiercely followed upon with a violent charge, they were plainly beaten back and put to flight. 
 And verily, either there had been a foul havock and llaughter of them that fled, orarafliand 
 dangerous enterprife for them who would have followed the chace : but that Martius hsflned I 
 to found the retreat, and oppofing himfelf againfl the foremoft enfigns of the vanguard, yea, and 
 taking hold of fome of them himfelf,Haid the main baccail and reprefled their violence,who were 
 upon the point already to purfue them with heat. And fo he reduced them back again into the 
 camp, as greedy as they were ftill of murder, and ihirfty ofbloudflied. The Carthaginians, who 
 at the firft were driven from the rampier, and for fear hafined away ; after that they faw none to 
 follow them,iuppofed they had been afraidjand therefore (iaid ftill : whereuppto they departed to 
 their camp again in rechlefs manner, fair and (oftly. And as carelefs as they were in their retire 
 thither, fo negligent were they in guarding the fame : for although their enemies were neer? yet 
 they remembred and thought again, thatthey were but the tail and reliques of two armies, van- 
 quifhed and defeated afew dayesbefore. Upon this refolute perfwafion of theirs, and bale con- j( 
 ceit ofthe enemies, they were very negligent every way within their camp: ythtx&oi Martiushz- 
 ving by his efpial, certain intelligence, relblved upon a delignment,which at the firft fight feemcd 
 more like a projeA of hazard, than an enterprife of hardinefs; and it was no more,but even up- 
 on a bravery to /Jt upon the enemy in hisowncamp, andgivehimacamifado. For as he thought 
 it an eafier emprefe, to force the hold and pavilions of y^fdrul^al, being but one, than to defend 
 and keep his own,in cafe three armies and three Captains rhouldjoyn together: fo heconfidered 
 withal, that either if he fped well in this exploit ,he fhould reftore and fet uptight again unto the 
 Romans, the decayed and proftrate State of Sp/ii» : or if he were difcomfited and put back,yct by 
 givingthe adventure firft upon the enemies, he fhould not be altogether contemned, and of no 
 reputation. But left this attempt fo fuddain, and the terror and erf or which may fall out in the f, 
 night-time, fhould happen to trouble this his defigned plot, and the courfe of his good fortune * 
 he thought itnotamifs,tomakea fpeech unto his fouldiers, and to exhort and encourage them 
 afore-hand. And therefore calling them together to a general audience, in this manner he dif- 
 courfed unto them of his intent and purpofc. 
 TCheOraiioA "My valorous and loyal fouldiers, either the reverence and affeflionat love of mine, toward 
 of H*niui 10 "our chief Captains during their life, and after their jieath ; or rhe very prefent condition and 
 bis fouldiers. u f^gjg wherein we all now ftand i may be a fufficieut teftimony and proof toany man whofo- 
 " ever, that this charge and gov errment of mine,a? it is in regard of your judgement of me right 
 " honourable, {o it is in truth, and in very deed, to me moft weighty, and full of care and trouble. 
 '^ For at what time as (but that fear took away all fence of forrow) I was not fo much mafter of »» 
 "my felf, as tofeekoutand find fome comfort and folacc for mine own penfive foul and heavy 
 "fpirit; I was forced beingbutone, (which is a moft hard matter for a man to do in time of 
 " grief) to minifter confolation unto the common misfortune and calamity of you all. And 
 *'furely I have no lift at all (the harder is my cafe) to avert my mind from continual grief of heart, 
 "notfomuch aseventhen, when asl am toftudy anddevife, by what means I may be able to 
 '< preferve (for the behoof of my country) thefefmall remnants of two armies. For whyPthegrie- 
 " vous and bitter remembrance of calamities paft, is ever before me. The two Scipios trouble mc 
 ".all the day time wiih careful thoughts,they difquiet me in the night feafon with fearful dreams, 
 *'-they ihake me oftentimes toftartout ofmy fleep, willing and charging me, to luffer neither 
 " them nor their fouldiers (who were your fellows and companions, and for the fpace of eight H 
 *' years in ihofe parts where they ferved, never received foil) nor yet the Common-wealth, to 
 " continue unrevenged; warning me withal,io folio w their difciplinejtheir preceptS;rules,&good 
 "• inftiu6lions. And like as whiles they lived here among usjthere was no man more obedient than 
 "my felf to their direflions and commandments; cvenfo after their deceafe, whatfoever in my 
 ^'conceit, I judge they would have had efpecially done in all occurrences, the fame my defireis>l 
 *' that you alfo (my fouldiers) would like of and approvefor the very beft. I would not have you ' 
 •' to weep, wail, and lament ftill for them, asifthey wereextinft and gone for ever, (for they live 
 "ftill, and fhall, fo long as the world endurcth, and continue immortal in renown and fame oE 
 *■' iheir worthy and noble a6ls) but rather fo often as you remember and think ofthem, to go like 
 " hardy and valiant men to a field, even as if you heard ihemfpeaking untoyou, or faw them gi- q 
 «'• vipg oru the fignal of battel. Neither was it (Ia{rureyou)any other obje6lbut that, prefented 
 " yeftcrday unto your eyes and minds, which efFcfted fo memorable apiece offerv ice as it was: ^ 
 <■<■ by which ye have madegood proof unto your enemies, and given them tounderfl^and, that the 
 t< Roman name died not together with the5(r;pw;and that the vigour and vertue of that people 
 <« vvbich was not extinft srdbuiied,by the overthrow atC<*«w<e, will ever rife again (ye may be 
 " fure) out of all idverfities, let cruel fortune ftorm and ra^eafmuch as ever fhecan. And now> 
 ,'fince ye have flicwed fuch valour and hardinefs already ©f your own accord, I have a mind, 
 
 "and
 
 The five and nventieth Boo\of T.Livius. 467 
 
 A "and would gladly fee, how bravely ye willbear your fehcs upon the dircftfon and command- 
 
 "ment otyour Captain. ForyeHerday, when I ioimded the retreat uiuo you, atwhattimeas 
 
 " you t'oUovved lb treely upon the enemy, being troubled and dif^rraied ; my defire and meaniTr.'; 
 
 *• was not to reprefs and abate your bold courage but to defer and referve it again't lome "renter 
 
 " opportunity ot advantage .and for a more honourable and glorious exploit: that anon upon the 
 
 " firlt occarion,you being prepared and pro\ ided, might furprile them at unawares-, and not Han- 
 
 '^ ding upon theirguard,armcd and wei appointed.aflail them difarmed it naked; and that which 
 
 "moreis,whiles they are in their bedstaH and found alleep. And the hope that I conceive of this 
 
 " good opportunity and cffet'-f thereof (my foiildiers) arifcih not upon lome famafficali imacina- 
 
 B'^tion of mine own brain by hap-hazard, and upon vainprefnmption, but grounded upon "ood 
 
 " reafon and prefent experience. For \ erilyif a man fliould demand even of you your own leives, 
 
 " What the reafon was, that being but few in number, and late.y difcomf!ted,ye were able to de- 
 
 '• fend your camp.againlt many more than your felves,and thofe heartiicd with frefii v ivories -, ye 
 
 " would make no other anfwer but this,That you,fearing that which foilowed,had both fort'ih- 
 
 <■' ed your camp in every refpedt with Mrong munition?, and were your k-Ue." weil appointed and 
 
 '' furnifhed.yea.and ready to receive them whenioevcr they came. And furciyjfo it is,and we find 
 
 " ic true by experience: Men are lealt fure and fecured againft that which fortune faith is fearlefs, 
 
 "and need not to be prevented, becaufe that which we negleiUs evermore open and cxpofed to 
 
 '' all dangers. Now the enemies doubt nothing lefs at this time,then that we,who were fohcely 
 
 C ''ourfehes befleged and aflailed by them, will now come to give an ^flault upon them in their 
 
 " hold. Let us adventure to do that which no man would beleeve that ever we durltenterprife, 
 
 " and the felf-famecaufe whichfecmeth to make the thing moR difficult, fluli effedt it foonelt cf 
 
 "all others. At the change of the third watch I will lead you forth without any noife at all in 
 
 " great filence. Well entormed and aflured I am, that in cheir cainp the Ssntincls are not relieved 
 
 "in duecourfeand order, neither yet the ordinary c-6r;)j-^f^«,W kept as they ought to be. Your 
 
 "fhout and outcry fhd not fofoonbehe:rdat thegatcs.noryourhril charge and ailiuk given, 
 
 "but ye fhailfurely be mailers of the camp. Then let me fee you perform that il.iU'-'hierandcxe- 
 
 "cution among them heavy and dead afleep, affrighted with an unexpected 3!ann,and taken on 
 
 " afudden unarmcd,3nd in their beds ; from whi.h ye(krday ye thought mu.h t*batyc wcrccal- 
 
 j) " led away and reclaimed. I wot well that this fecrr.cth unto you an audaaous cnterprife and fnl 
 
 '''ofhaz3rd,but when things go crofi and Hand in dou'nfiill terms-.and when other means fail the 
 
 '•hardielt attempts, yea, and the moft venturous and defperare courier, are ever fafcH and fpecd 
 
 •■belf.For if a man (fay never fo little at the very inlfanc when a thing is to be done (whereof the 
 
 " opportunity pafleth and fiieth away ere one would think)immediatly when it is once "one, he 
 
 "may f^ing his cap after well enough, and complain thereof and fay,'had I wilf, but never the 
 
 *' nearer.One Army they have hard at hatid, and two more arenoc far off; now if we venture of 
 
 "them here, our opportunity and advantage is as good as theirs. And once already ye have 
 
 " made triall of their forces and your own : put we it otf another day.contcnting our felves with 
 
 <' the bare name of yefterdaies tally, and give o.erfo, it will be great doubt and danger, leil all 
 
 E " the Generals with all their armies be rallied and re- united. And fliall we then be able to hold 
 
 '■' our ovvn againlt three Generals and three hods, whom C'!. 6V./>'a having about him his whole 
 
 " puilfance, frefli and in good plight, could not withftaixl nor abide? Our Captains by dividino- 
 
 " their force?, and difmembring onecompleatarmy, were defeated and overthrown: Icmblably 
 
 "may our enemies, parted while they be, and fevi^rcd afunder. be dilcomfitcd and brought to 
 
 "nought.Lo,thisistheoDly way for us to war and none other.And therefore let ns waitnolon- 
 
 " get than the commodious opportunity of the next night.Go ye then a gods blcllux', maVe mm h 
 
 "of your felves take your repalt and repofc, that ye may befrefli andlufiy to break into yourene- 
 
 " mies hold with the fame refolute courage, wherewith erewhile ycdefended your own. The 
 
 fouldiers, as they gladly gave ear to this newcounfell of their new captain, fo the more audaci- 
 
 F ousand adventurous that it was>the betteritplealedthem.Thereft of the day behind ihey 'pent 
 
 in turbidiing and making ready their harnefs and weapon;, and incherifhino theirbodies, yea, 
 
 and the better part of the night they ilcpt quietly. And lb at the relief of the fourth watch they 
 
 fet foiward. 
 
 Now were there other companies altb ofCarthaginians, bcjond this next camp above;'aid,a- 
 bouthx milesdilfantfrom then:e. A hollow wayand valley there lay between, Harding thick of 
 trees. In the midlf ofchis wood,for a furlongfpace well near. he beflowedclofely a cohort of foot- 
 men, yea, and certain horfemenof Romans : but by his leave this was but a crafty andflie tri.k, 
 borrowed of the Carthaginians. Thus the midit way being intercepted and taken up, thercll of 
 theforces were conducted in allillmarch toward theencmiesin thenextcamp. And finding, no 
 G guards before the gates, no Sentinels upoi the rampier, they entred inas it had bceninto thtir 
 own hold and no man made rcfidance : then they four?ded trumpets. and gave the alarm.Somefall 
 to killing of the enemies half afleep ; others fling dry litter and draw for'ro kind' e fire upon theic 
 huts and pavilionL? ; other fome again keep the gates, that none fhould iflue forth. So the fircthe 
 ontcry.andmaflacre all together put them out of their right wits, andm2dethem,asit were- be- 
 fidcs themfelvcs ; that neither hear they could, noryet make any fhi't for themfelves. Unarmed 
 and naked men fell among the bands of armed fouldiers. Some run in haHeto tothegates,others 
 finding tht waies and paflfages befet run up to the rampier : and look as any efcaped and got away 
 
 S f f^oin
 
 "TiS^ The pe and mentieth Boo\of T^Livms. 
 
 from thencebvth.it means he Bieiharaightwaiesdireaiy toward the other camp. Where they H 
 were caught up by the cohort ot' footmen, and the cornet of horlemen, which role up fuddenly 
 out of th'eir AmbuLcado: and being cncloled onevery fide,were killed to the hl\ man. And yet, 
 itit h.^d been any ones good hap to have efcaped from thence with life,- fo fwifdy, and with fo 
 oreat expedition, the Romans alter they had got the nearer camp, fped themielves to the other, 
 that he could not have recovered icbeforethem, tobringnews ofthe defeat. And eien there 
 likewife, the fr.rther they were off from their enemy, the more negligent they were : and becaufe 
 fomealfoahttlebeioreday werefliptawayaforraging, fuelling, and plundering, the Romans 
 found every thing more loofe and out of order^han in the other camp-Their weapons only (food 
 reared up in ih6°corf: de gn'-rd, the fouldiers themfelves were unarmed, cither fitting and lying 
 all .-'lon'^ on the c.ronnd,or walking up and down betore the gatesjand under the rampier. With 
 iheie louldiers fo'leiure, fo retchkfs, lo difarmed and difordered ^the Romans being yet in their 
 hotbloud.and not cooled upontheir frefh maflacrCv and more than that, lufly and brag for their 
 n-w viftoryj began to make a tray, and to skirmiQi. Bin the Carthaginians were not able to keep 
 them out of the gates. And fo within the Camp there was a hoc and cruell fight : for, from all 
 pirts thereof th'ey ran together upon the firft alarmthat arofe in the very beginning of the tu- 
 mult and Icuftlin". And long had that skirmifli continued,but that the Romans bucklers and tar- 
 gets feen ah bloiidy were a pattern unto the Carthaginians ol a former execution ; andthereup- ^ 
 on drave them inio a mighty fear. This fearfiill fight caufed ihem all to turn back and take their 
 heels : and thus as many'ol them as clcaped killing got out by heaps wherefoeverthey could make 
 fliift to (ind way -and \vere clean turned out of their camp^and all that they had. So in the com- '^ 
 pais ot one d.iy and ni^ht, by the condui't and diredtion of L.Mani'M-, there were two encam- 
 ped holds forced and vvon from the enemies : in which there were 570CO of the enemies flain, 
 faith Clatiditii -who trmllated the Annals of AaLtu out of the Greek tongue into the Laiinejand 
 . 8 ?o taken prisoners hehdes the gain of a mighty rich booty. In which pilbge, there was found 
 a fliicld of lllver\^■e^''hlng 1 58 pound, with the image and portraiture of Jfdnd'al the Barchine. 
 Vd rim y!f>,/.'VMre(ordcth,ihat thecrmp only ofy^^^^o was taken, and fcvcnthoufandmenflain: 
 and that in'another battel! with vv/^iTO/'. /upon a faily forch, there died ten [houfand, and 4550 
 were taken prifcfners. f;/o writeih,that when Ma^o followed alter our men in an hot and difor- 
 deriv chaceffor ihev '.eemed to give back and retreat) there were five thouiand men killed by the 
 train of'an ambufb.But allwrfters do blazon thegreat honour and fame of Duke Ma.n:u6.h.v\A L 
 befdes the \ery truth ot his glorious name, they make mention ai!oat)d fpeak of fome miracles : 
 nameiv that as he madeche Oration unto his fouldiers,therevvasfeen a flaming fire burningfroin 
 his head wiLhcut any len'e andfeeiingof his. to the great wonder and fear of the fouldiers that 
 (food about him: and that in them.emoriallof his brave vidfory over the Carthaginian?, there 
 remained in the temple of y.vf.nntill the Capitoll was burned;thatforefaid fhield, with the Image 
 of A\drubd^ and it was called M.vrt'uisVvs. fhield. Alter this, S^ain was quiet for a long time, 
 whiles both fides after fo many overthrows given and taken between them, were loath to hazard 
 themainchan.einone battell, ... 
 
 In the time that thefe affairs pafled in S^ain^ Mdycellus vport the winning of Syr^.cufe,hi\'wg 
 fetal! other things in order throughout ^u//)', with fuchfaithfulnels and upright integrity, that 
 not'only he greatly augmented his own gory but alfo enlarged the ma jelly of thepeople oiRome, 
 brooohuoierto Rome ah the goodly and beautiful ornaments of that City,their graven and mol- 
 ten images their pitlurcs and painted tables, whereof there was great (lore in Syracaje. Thefe 
 bra\ eric's (nodoubt)at thefirlt were no more but the ("polls of enemies,and lawfully acquired in 
 mhtof warandconqiielt.But from thencebegan our great love and liking to the cunning work- 
 mlnfliip of Grecian Aitil'ans : and from hence came afterwards our Ucentioufnefsand outrage in 
 fpoihi)" and robbing, focommonly & ordinarily,allfacred and profane places,where thefe things 
 were to be had: which (laid not lo, bnt proceeded and turned at length to thefpoilingof the 
 Roman sods them!elves,and to ihac very firif Temple which by Marcellm was beautified and a- 
 dorned prin.ipally above the refl:. For Grangers and lorrein travellers ufed in pilgrimage to vifit n 
 the Temples whi.h were dedicated by Ad.rrcellus at the gateCrp.';?^, in regard only of the moft 
 rare and linouLir workmanfliipot the ornaments in thatkind, of which at this day there is very 
 little or nothing CO be feen. 
 
 Now from all City well-nearof ^/o/;, there referred Embalhes unto him : as their caufes 
 were dii ers and unlike fo their conditions we; e not all one. As many as before the winuing of 
 Syracii[e\\^6. either not rebelled at all orbecame reconciled and in favour again ,they were accep- 
 ted in the quaUty of faitliliill Allies,and mademuch of: thofe who for fear after the lofs oi Syra- 
 f///^' yielded, were reputed as conquered, and received lawsand conditions at thewilland plea- 
 fure of the Conqueror, 'i here remained yet no fmali reliques of war about ylgrigemumioi: the 
 Romans to difpatc h namely ,i->«Wf.f and H.?w7o,the Captains of the former war: and a third,fent o 
 new from An.nhnl in iheroom o( Hippocrates.a. Citizen of Hippo(his countrimen name him Mu- 
 ttnes ) dcfcendedfrom the Lil>\phA>jicci, ainan ot Action, and one who under y4««/Whad been 
 brought up,and taught all feats of arms,and skill of warfare. Unco his charge were committed 
 by Epic'dcs and Ha*ir.o the Numidian Au.\iliaries, with whom he over-ran all the countries be- 
 lon':inr,to the enemies: he went umo all theConfederats,and fo wrought with them to continue 
 fall in tiieir allegiance, and to fend aids to every one in due time accordingly : in fuch fort, that 
 ° within 
 
 latM
 
 The five and twentieth Boo\of T.Livius. 460 
 
 A within fliort time he gothimfelfagreat name throughout z\l Sicily X'o as the favorits and Kdlon ^ 
 
 ot'theCuthaginians had no greater hope m any than in him. And therefore both Captains, as 
 well Ha>r,:o theCart'naginian,3S Ep.cides the Syracuiian, who tor a time had been pencup within 
 the walls of yJgrigey:tuM,he3.nno ttiemfelv e_s as well upon the fidelity as policy of A/:i:t»esjbold- 
 ]y adventiucrd to come torth of the walls of A>rrige/ittim, and upon the river Himera encamped 
 themfelves. Whereof JH.:rccliM having inielligenve, forchwith removed with all his power,and 
 fare him down encamped, almoU four miles from the enemy, minding to wait and expect what 
 ihey did or went about, But >/«.'/»« gave him neither opportunity ©"place torelt himlontz.nor 
 refpiteoftimeto takecGunfeUin,bntao{lcd the river, and with cx.ccdin uerrour and tumultu- 
 RoUb noiieafiailed the Handing guards of hi -enemies: yea, and the morrow after oave them bat- 
 tell as it vvereinapiccht field, and drave them within their holds and fortifications. Butbein^ 
 called from thence by occafion of amminy of Numidians within the Camp (who t'othe number 
 almolt of three hundred were departed to Hciiclc.i Minoa) he went to appeafe theirmoods and 
 10 reclaim them to due obedience : but he gave tha reft of the Captain;(by report)a oreat charoe 
 and exprefs warning, not to tight with the enemy, howfoever they did in his abfence. But both 
 the Captains were greatly offended thereat, and Ha-r-io especially, who was alrcady'male-con- 
 tcnt,and repined at his glory: What? faith he, thinketh Ahnines^ abafc Atfrican and not of the 
 right (iamp neither,io gage and rule me a Carthaginian Generall.fent with Commilfion from the 
 Senai and people ? He perfwadcd therefore Ep:cidcst^zt\vij\\-^io pafs over the river.and lo firike 
 C abatteihforquoth hejf we fliould ftay for him, and then hap to have a fortunate day of it and 
 win the vicfory,all the honoui: no doubt fhall redound to Mttttr.es. 
 
 Be ye imz^AdArcellu* thought this a great indignity, that he who had repu!fed at Nola Anmbal^ 
 even when he bare himfelf fo bravely upon his Irefh viftory atGw ,£, fhould cive onefootto 
 thefe petty enemies, vanquillied already by him both by fea and land: whereupon he comman- 
 ded hisfouldiers toarminailhalicand to bring forth the (iandards2ndenfions,But as he was ar- 
 ranging his men in battell array, there came riding unto him all on the fpur, with bridle on the 
 hotfe neck, ten Numidians from out of the army of the enemies, with thefe tidings and intellioen- 
 ces,afln:ing rhem, '■' That their countrimen,who firft were offended and difcontentcd by occafi- 
 "■• on of that mutiny aforefaid, wherein three hundred oftheir company departed and went away 
 p '- to Her:icle.i : and then afterwards, becaufe they faw their own head and leader, by the pradice 
 '' of thofe other Captain.who maligned and envied his glory, fent far enough out of the way, e- 
 '• ven againll the very day when the battell fhould be fought ; were not dUpofcd at all to fi<'hr, 
 '' but would ht ftill and not (iir. A kind of people thefe were, deceitfull othcrwife, and ufed to 
 break promife ; howbeit now, they were juft and true oftheir word. Upon this, as the Romans 
 took better heart unto them, ( tor there was a fpeedy purfevant or courrierlent throughout the 
 battaillon- trom company to company, for to fignifie unto them, that the enemy was difappoin- 
 ted and abandoned of his Cavalry, whom they feared moft of all other )fo the enemies were 
 mightily difmaied and put in fear : for over and befides, that they hadno helpt'rom them who 
 were the greatell If rength of their army, they were in a deep tear leR their own horfemen would 
 E fet uponthem. By which occafion the conflift was not great, tor at the firli iliout and fliock oi- 
 ven, well it was leenwhich way the game would go, and the matter was foon determined. The 
 Numidian3,whoat thefirll encounter, and during the conflid, had (food quietinboth points of 
 the battell, feeing their own fellows turn back and flie, bare them only company for a while as 
 they fled : but after that they perceived them all to make hafle fortear to Avngentum : fearin<^ 
 alfothemleU esthete to bebefiegedamongthem,fliptaway everyone to their own Cities Many 
 thoufands were there flain and taken prifoners: and eight elephants befides taken alive.Th'is was 
 the lalf held fought by MArcetim in Sicily : upon this victory hereturned to Syracufe.By this time 
 now was the year almod come about and growing to an end. And therefore at Ronle the Senate 
 decreed ithat P.Comclim the Prartor fhould fend letters to the Confuls, lyin" before Capu.t^ pur- 
 F porting this tenour : That forafmuch as Aumbdviis far from them, and no "reat matter of con- 
 I'equence like to be performed the whileat Capt^t ; the one of them ( if they thought fo "ood ) 
 fliould repair to Romcy for to create new Magillrates in the room of the old,The Conluls havino- 
 received the lectets agreed between thcmfel< cs and took order, that Claudius fliould ^o to hold 
 and accomplilli the folcmn eleef ion of Magiflrates : and Fulviw remain ftill at Capna.^o Claudi- 
 us created new Cofl. Cn.Fuhius CeHtimalus-znd P.Stdpititts GJba. the fon of Serviur. a man that 
 had not born any curule office of (fate before. After thefe were Prxtors chofen, L. Cornelius Len- 
 xhIhs^M, Cornelius Cethejus-CSulpitins-lCCalpfirniHs Pifo. Unto Pifa befell the jurifdiilion with- 
 in the City. Sulpitius had the government of the Province Sicily. Cnhegus o( Apulia : and L««- 
 tulusjoi Hurdiiiia, The Confuls had the government oftheir Provinces p'rorooqed for to continue 
 G one year longer. ' 
 
 Sfa The
 
 l70 
 
 The fix and wemiethBooJ\ofTL'mvLs, 
 
 H 
 
 The fix and twentieth Book 
 
 Of the Hiftories cfT. Livius of Vadua, from the Foundation 
 
 of the City of Rome. 
 
 The Breviary of L. Florm upon the fix and twentieth Book. 1 
 
 ANnibal eKcimpcd himfelfe at three miles cud from Rome, fajl upon theriver Anio. Himfelfin 
 perfo^}^-ccomfa>2;edw!th two thoHfandmen cf.irmh rede to the gat eCz^znz^ for toview the Cite 
 of tie City. And s^onvnLfiay.d kj_ iha. f r ihrct daies fptice the armies of both ftdeswere come into 
 the fi'M ready end auelled-, yet they tiiVtr]ojyiedt»cor:jUB:, hy reafon of the tcmpefluom aKdjiormy 
 rveathcr: But ctct asthey wrrc returr- d again into their Cam f^ frefently it f roved fair. Capuaw^i* 
 von h Q. F" 1^' ins, ar.d Appi us Clandi us i i^e Pro ■ Coyifuls. The Nobles avdfrincipail Citiz,e»s efCi- 
 pua p j-'.;^ r'^cn:f-hes. H^hcn as their Sen^.tvrs ftoodhundtcfiakjs ( for to be whipped) andthento 
 lofe their hfai>jjthe;e carr.e Utters from the Senate of Rome mto the Fro-Conful Q.Fulvius, mth di- 
 rcBio.: to (fare their l:vcs'-hftt i fferc that he woaldreadthem,heput them up into his bofome^andwdled 
 the rKtniJijrs er cxe!:i:uor.ers to let the L^^w ha^eihe courfe, ctidto do their o^ce-,andfo he went through 
 yoith the exectitisK. I: hapncd that in afolemn affembly of the people there was much deb He c.ndejue- 
 flion rvholhoitldgo-j. rn as L.Dipittythe Province of Spain : and when no man naf tvilling to undertake ■ 
 that cbarq^r P. '^cipio,f he fan of: •' at Pubiius who iros /Iain m Spain, made offer to go that voyage^ and t 
 hy the voycii generally of thi people a- d with one accord of all he was thither fcnt. In one day he affaul- 
 tcd andaljoforced New-Carthage, being a young ma i snot fully 2^yearold. Jndthere went anopi- 
 >no-: of'Linijh-v. he was defce.^ded offome heavenly race ■ loth for that htmfdf^ afrerhe was come tofe- 
 venteen yca'S cfarc^ a;:d imdpitt en ,. is mans role-, converfedwtthinthe Capitoll, and alfo becaufc there 
 was a fn.'^k^ orfirpsiit [ten oftentimes in his mothers bedchamber. This book^containeth be fides the af- 
 fairs in SkWy.the amity concludedwith the iEtoliaDs: andthewar aga'nfiihe AcamaKians andVWi-^ 
 Wp K.ng'fthe A'facedo.iais. . ' . 
 
 The fix and twentieth Boo\^df T. Livius. 
 
 CNeus Fuhiiis (^cntimalus-, and P.Sulpititu Galha the Ccnfiils,when they had entred into 
 their MagiRracy upon the Ides of March, aflembled the Senators into the CapitoU, 
 where they confulted with the LL.abouttheftate ofthe Common- wealjConcerning the 
 adminiflration of the wars,and as touching the Provinces and the Armies.^.F«/w«/and 
 Ap.Cl.tud:us,ihe. Confuls of the former Ye.->r, continued (till their rule and full command, withM 
 the'chars^e of the fame forces which they had before under theirhands. And over and befides, 
 they wert'exprefly commanded, not to depart from Capua ( before which they lay at riege)untill 
 they had forced and won the City. For at that time the Romans among all their other affairs 
 were molt amufcd upon it: not fo much for anger and malice^wherof they had never againfl any 
 one City rrcaterandjullercaufe) as in this regard, that being a Bate fo noble and mighty, like as: 
 byrevokiu" frR it had drav\nand induced ccrcainother Cities to do the fame:fo ifit were reco- 
 vered and reoainedjlike it was to reduce their affections again, to look back and return unro their 
 old allc"ian:e and obedience to their wonted hgniory olRome. Jhe Prstorsalfo of the former 
 year, M. Ji!n!iis\nT!fc\t>:y,3T\d r.Sempronius'wiGaid continued in their places of regiment, with 
 two'legions a piece midcrtlieircondnil the fame which they had before. And foiW./l/(«r<;f//«/ re- j^ 
 mainecf as ProConfu. behind in S.t;/;, for to finifli and difpatch the reliques of the war there, 
 with the power of that army which be had already : and had commiflion ( if need were of new 
 rnpp',y)tomike upthe number of hiscomp'nies, out ofthofe legions which werecommanded 
 by /'Xor«(;//«/the Vice-rra:tor inS f;;> ; provided alwaies.that he chofe no fouldier out ofthofe, 
 bands, unto whom the Senat had flatly denied, either licence to be difcharg'ed, or pafportto re- 
 turn home into their country.before the war was iully ended. Unto C.Sulpitius, whofe lot it was 
 togovern theProvin.eoi S-r/Zj^werealTigned thofetwo legions, which /'.Cor«<'//«/ had before: 
 with a freOi fupply out of the army of C^.ens Fulvous, which thelaft year was fliamefuUy defea- 
 ted.beat^n and put to flight in Jpuha. Jhek fou:diers,all the fort of [hcm,had thehmelimicati* 
 on of I'er- ice and no ot!rer,aBpointed and fet down by theSenat, as thofe former who remained q 
 after the overthrow at (r^«.«. And thisdifgracethey had befides, as well the one company as the ■ 
 other ,That they might not winter within any town nor build them any landing camp for win- 
 trino harbours vvithir, ten miles of a City. L.CorM<r/;»Jthe Lord Deputy in Srtr^i>i4, was allowed 
 to luve theconduft ofthofe two legions which were under the leading of O.MMtiui.kr\A order 
 was given unto the Confuls, t o levy and enroll a new fupply thereto Jf need vccyCircd.T.Oaacili- 
 jis an"d M.Valerius were appointed to guard and defend all the fea-coafls of S.-W/; and (7r<?fff,with 
 
 the
 
 Tbefixandtn>entietbBoo\^ofTUm\JL%* 471 
 
 A the help of thole Legions and Armadoes which they had already. The Greeks had fifty fail in 
 their fleeCjand were manned with one Legion.The Sicilians had one hundred fhips, and two Le- 
 gions to furnifli them. So that in this year the Romans maintained three and twenty Legions, to 
 wage war both by fea and land. 
 
 In the beginning of the year, when the letters of />. ^^rrm were read and fcanned in the Se- 
 nat houfe,the LL. there aflembledjliked well of the contents, and fpake h ighly in the praiie of his 
 worthy afts : but many of them were offended at the fuperfcription, becaiile he took upon him 
 the honourable tide of aPro-Pritorin hislUle, and wrote thus, [ L, M.rniMs the Pro-Pnutorto 
 t/>f SfA/^jconfidering, that his command was neither granted by the people, nor allowed and 
 
 B confirmed by the Senat." An ill precedent (fay they) itis,and of badconfec]ucn:e,that Generals 
 " of the field fhould be chofen by a:mies,and that the folemnicy of Lledions, fo de\ oiitly begun 
 *'in the name of the gods, and with the religious obfervation of the Bird-flight, fliouid now be 
 *' transferred into the Camps and Provinces far from Laws and MagiHrates, and committed to 
 "the inconfiderate wills ofrafh affedtionate fouldiers. And when fome there in place were of opi- 
 nion,that the matter fliould be put in queftion at the Council Table,it was thought better to de- 
 fer that confultation, untillthofe gentlemen of fervite, that brought the Letters \rom M.'.rtnii, 
 were gone and departed. As concerning corn and apparell for the army, they agreed to write back 
 unto him, that the Senat would take order and provide for both : but they would not allow in 
 anycaufeto give him this addition,andto write [To MArtnisthe Pro- Prat or] leR that they might 
 
 C feemto approvethe very famething bytheirprejudiceanddoom aforehand, which they had left 
 for to be decided and determined afterwards.Whenthe Gentlemen aforcfaid had their difpati.h, 
 and were dii'mifl'ed,the firfl thingihatthcConfuls propounded was it, and no other: and gene- 
 rally they jumped in this one point, for to deal with the Tribunes of the peoples, that with all 
 fpeedpolliblethey would move the Commons, and propound unto them, for to know, who their 
 will and pleafurc was lliould be fent L.Deputy into Sp.?/;/, for to have the government of that ar- 
 my, whereof t»,Sir;;)/i?,L.Generall,had the conduft. 
 
 This matter,! fay, was treated of with the Tribunes,and a bill preferred th.ereofunto the Com- 
 mons : but there was another greater contention in terms, that had polVctled their minds alrea- 
 dy. ForC.Sfw/irow/w ^/rf/«; had commenced a criminal! aiif ion agaihlf (V;. Fuhius^ accuhng 
 
 E) him tor the lofs of the Army in AptiUa. and ceafcd not in all the I'emblies of the people to 
 
 make inveftives againft him,charging him," That being Captain Get ;rall,through his much fol- The Or»tIcn 
 ''ly,ignorance,jndraflinefs,hehadbronght his army into aplaceofuungerreproving him more- oiT.Simprm 
 " over, and faying, That rerer any Captain but C«.iH/w«^ had corrupted, marred, and infefted ^j^ftrn'rwA 
 " his legions with all kind ofvicesbefore that hebetraied them to theenemies:in fuch wifcjthat 
 *' it might be well and truly faid.chac they were altogether fpoiled and defeated ,befoi e they had a 
 " fight ot their enemies : and were not vanquifhed by yi>i»ii.il^ but by their own Colonell and 
 '"■ Commander. See (quoth he)the diforder that is in Eledions,and how no man,when he is to 
 " give his voice doth well weigh and confider,who it isthat hechufeth a Genera! & unto whom 
 " he committeth the charge of an Army. Behold the difference between Cncus Fulvim^ and 
 
 E" T.Semfrontm, This man having the leading of an army of bondnaves,by difcipline,good or- 
 *' derand government, within fliort time brought his fouldiers to that good pafs, that there was 
 *' not one of them all throughout the army remembred and regarded how bafely he was born, 
 *' and of what parentage defcended,but all ingenerallbare themielvesfo, thatthey wereto their 
 " friends afure defence,and to their enemies a fearful terror: and after that he had recovered them 
 '' at Beneventtirn-iii. Other Citics, (as it were, out of the chaws of Aii'itb.xljh^ reltored and delive- 
 •' red them fafe Sc found to the people of A'owf.Whereascontrariwife C^.Ftdviits having received 
 " an army of Roman Citizens,wclland worfliipfully born,liberally and honellly brought up,had 
 *' taught them fervile vices fit for flave3,and fo trained them,that with their friends and alliesthey 
 " were ftout, proud, and unruly; and among their enemies were cowards & very daftards:&fo far 
 F" fliort they were to bear off the violence of the Carthaginians that they were not able to abide 
 '' fo much as their firft cry and fliouc. And no marvel I afTurc yon,t hat the fouid icrs could not flick 
 •■•to itinthebattel,and hold out manfully ; v\hen the General himfclf wasthcfirlhhat ran away 
 *' beaftly.I rather wonder 3tit,thatany of them flood to it and died in the held,and were not all 
 '■ofthemas fearful as C». f«/:;/«j, and took not heels with him for company. YciC.Fiami' 
 '' K;«r, L. Paulas-, L.PoJlhHmms., both Sc/p.w.as well Cm. as /'«/'. chofe rather to lofe their lives in 
 "battel, thantoforfake theirarmies whenthey were environed round with enemies. ButC;*. 
 " FulvntSy he was in manner the only man that returned to Rome with news of the army defea- 
 ''ted and overthrown. Now verily ,a great indignity it is,and a niamefullinannct of proceeding, 
 *■' that the refidueof the army, after the overthrow at Cj>i;:tt^ becaufcthcy fled out of thefield, 
 
 G " wereconfined and tranfported over into S:(-;7/,with exprefs condition, not to return again from 
 " thence,before that thecncmy were clean gone and departed out of /m/v; iV that the very fame 
 " rigorous and heavy decree paffed likewife, and was executed againll the Legions o^Cn.Ftilvius\ 
 " and Cn.FiilviHs himfeltwho fled out of the battel! which was through his ownfolly and rafli- 
 " nefs be3un,fliould go away clear, and efcape without all punifliment : that himfclfTfay fliould 
 "lead his old age in taverns, lfews,andbrothel-houfcs, where already he hath fpent his yonth- 
 " toll dales; while his poor i'ouldicrs (who had faulted in nothing, but that they were like onto 
 " ''•°ir Captain)be fent far enough off,and packed away (as it \Yere)into exi!e,and endure Oiame- 
 
 S f 3 ♦'lull 
 
 •VIWJ.
 
 Alt J^^^ fi^ and mentktbBoo\of T.Livms. 
 
 "full and ignominious louldicry. Lo, how unequally at ^Jcwe the freedom of the City is parted H 
 " between^he rkh and the poor ; between men of nobility and high calling.and thole that are of 
 "mean parentage and low degree. , .. , 
 
 Thus much Ipake ihepbintifl C.Semproyiiw B.'ajm.Tht defendant on the other fidefhifted all 
 J'^Fw"!^" "^ the blame fromhimfelt, and laid the whole tault upon fiis fouldiers, aliedgirg and pleading 
 thus, ■■' Tr.at when they called upon him hallily, and with great vvilfulnels for to give baitell, he 
 " brouoht them forth into the field not on that day which they would themfelves(for it was late 
 '• in theevenin^^but the morrow alter, when both tim.eand place were meet and convenient for 
 " the purpofe : and notwithllanding they were well appointed and orderly embattelled, yet were 
 "they not able tofuflaineithcr thefame.or thciuyot the enemies, I know not whether. And 
 '^ when they all Bed away amain.he alio was carried aw ay in the throng of the rout; like as K/rro X 
 "the Conful;at the battell before C<?;j;..«,cnd :.s many other Generals elfewhere. /\r.d what good 
 'could he have done to tne Common-weal, in cafe he had (laid behind alone? unlefsperad- 
 '^venture his death mi^ht have cured and remedied the pubJike fores and maladies, or made 
 " amends for the common lofles. Neither was it for v\ant of \iduals, nor for that he light at un- 
 *' awares upon pla.es of disadvantage and danger ; nor yet, becaufe he was entrapped within the 
 "trains of an ambufn, marching on end forward, without lending his efpialsbeforcjthat he was 
 " overcome ;but even by mere force, by dint otfword. in open field. and in a pight battel. And it 
 * was nothecoulddowithall,if his own men were tear till and timorousjard the enemies hardy 
 •• and venturous, he had not the rule of their hearts. It is icng of every one his own nature to be ^ 
 " either bold or heartlefs, _ ^ 
 
 Twofeveralldaies was he judicially accufed, and at both times a fine of money only fet upon 
 his head ,in cafe the matter fliould go agaitili him. At the third SelTion the witneiles were produ- 
 ced torth, to be depofed and give evidence : and alter that he had been fliameUilly reviled, and 
 charged with all manner of reproache?. there were very many upontheir oath tcifified, That the 
 fiift be"innir''of thefriuht andflight both, was occafioned bythePixtor himfelf: and that the. 
 louldiers feeing themielvesforfakenby him, and iuppohng verily that their Captain and Leader 
 was not affraid of his own fliadow but had great reafon to fear, they likewife turned their backs 
 and fled. Upon which evidence, the whole Court was lo incenied againlf him with anger, that 
 they cried all with one voice, to commence a capitalladion, for that he was worthy to die. 
 Whereupon arofe a new debate and controverne : for whereas the Tribune had twi.ebeforelaid L 
 a penalladion upon him uf money, and now at the third timefaid that he would have a jury of 
 life and death "o upon hirri: then he called upon the other Tribunes for their helping hand to 
 miti^atethisrioourol'theTribune.But whenthofehisColIegues made anfwer again and laid that 
 they^wouldno^t oppofethemfelves nor hinder his courfcjbut that he might proceed in thefuitat: 
 his ov\n pood pieafure, more tK^^jorHr^. i. e. [ according to the ancient manner ufed by their fore- 
 fathers, ^either by order of law ; or rule ofcuflome, and bring him being but a private pcrlon to 
 the trialleither of acapitall crime, or penalltreipafs : then 5f»;^?-c»,/« Ipake and laid flatly, that 
 he laid upon him a criminal adlion of tteafon againfl the State ; and rec^uelied of C. Cd^hmnius 
 theL.chiefJudiceof theCity,fortoha<-ead3y of hearing and judiciall trial! by the people.Then 
 the defendant caft about to help himfelf by another remedy, namely, in cafe he could ccmpafs that M 
 Q.I iilvius\^\'i brother might poflibly beprefentattheSefTion when he fliould be judged : who at 
 that time was a man of great credit and reputation, in regard both of the name that went on 
 him for his noble a£fs,atfd of that great hope which men had of him,that he was like prefently to 
 be Mafler of Capua. But when this faid Q^Vidvnu had requefled fo much by letters, endited to 
 that purpofe as effetlually as he could devife,and to move commileration and pity inbehalf of the 
 life of his brother, the LL. of the Senat returned this anfwer unto him again, That it was not for 
 the "ood of the State thathcfhould depart from C^'.fua: thereupon, before the Sefl^ionsday 
 wascome, C;;. f///z;«x departed of his own accord intoexile to l\irgHi>m, and the Commons 
 made an ait and confirmed that banifliment of his to be a juR, due, and fufficitrt punifl^ment for 
 • his offence. , , IsJ 
 
 During thefc bufineiTes at Rome^ the whole flrength and force of war was bent againfl Cafua-> 
 ■ and yet the City vvas rather flraightly belegueredthanforably allaulted ; inlbmuth asneither 
 the fcrvants or bondmen, nor the common people were able to endure the famine any longer : 
 and fend unto ^^;»/^<?/any melJeng€rs,they polllbly could not,by reafon of the (Iraight watchand 
 ward that the Romans kept,fo near one unto the other. At length there was a certain Numidi- 
 an offered togo and to efcape clear away, who having taken letters unto Amubd to put him in 
 mindtobeas'goodashisprcmife, departedin the night, and paffed through the midlf of the 
 Roman camp, and put theCampans in very good hope, to ilVuc forth at all the gates, and t© 
 make a fallyuponihe enemy, whiles their power and (Irength ferved them. And verily in many 
 fcuiflings and skirmifhes which they made, they got the better for the mofi part in horfe-fight : q 
 but lightly their footmen had ever the worfe. The Romans for their pairs were nothingfo much 
 pleafed when they had the upperhand at any time, as they were dilcontented and ill apaid, to re- 
 ceive a toil in any kind ol fervice of them, who were not only befieged, but in rnanner overcome 
 already and I onquercd. Sotheydevifed ameans intheend- to makeupand fupplyby induBry 
 and policy the defcd they had inllrength and force. They chofe out ot ail the Legions certain 
 hiftyyoun" men^ fuch as for clean flrength of body, andlightnels withall,weremo(f nimble and 
 ^ fvvilc.
 
 The fx and tia^entieth Booi\^ of T. Livius. ^y ^ 
 
 A iwifc. Tbefe had every one of them, a light buckler or target, fhorterthan commonly hoilemen 
 have, and feven javelins or darts apiece, tuurfootiong, witli irontic^ds at oneendjlike as thoie 
 Javelins have, which they ale tolan.e that are .ightiy armed, and begin skirmlfnes. And every 
 horfeman took up one of thefe behind him on horfeback, andufedthem, both to lit thehorle 
 and ride, and al.o to leap down on foot, withgreat^iilluty and agility, atthefignall andtokerj 
 giventhem. Now, when as, after daily pr2di>.e and exeri-ife, they were able to do it nimble e- 
 rough, and without fear, they advan.edfcrch intothep.ain, i>ing between their camp, and 
 the wall of the City, and affronted the horftmen ot the C.mpans as they iiood arran4;ed in bat- 
 tel] array: and fo foonas they were come within a darts call, the ligiit javclottieri aforcf id, 
 Bdifmounted from their horfes, at a hgn given them: and behold, all of a ludden, out of the Ca- 
 valry there was a battaillon of footmen arranged, who charged the men of arms of the ene- 
 mies, andletflie their lliot with great force, dart after dart, which they landed fo thick, thr.t they 
 galled many a horfeund wounded ahb many horfemer5.Howbcit,their fear was much grearcr, by 
 reaibnof thelkangeand unexpected manner of fight. The Roman hor'emen feeing their ene- 
 mies thus affriglitcd.fec too hard,and charged them upon i»({ily,chafed them and beat chsm down 
 even to the City gates. After ihis the Romans were the bcuer in horfe-lcrnce alfo. And here- 
 upon began the manner from henceforth ,to entertain fuch light armed javelottiers,Cdlicd Felnesy 
 even among the Legions. Thefirif devifer of thisminglingof footmen among the horfemen 
 they fay was one Q^. N.ivnu a Centurion, and that he was higbly honoured by the Gcntrall fot 
 C his invention 
 
 Whiles things flood thu^ at C.ipa.Anwbal was greatly diflrailed in mind, and poffiffed with 
 two contrary cogitations,whether he fiiouldgo to gun the CafUe of Ta entum, or to refi.ue and 
 fave the City of C'ip:t.t. At lalf the regard of dipu.: prevailed with him : for he faw that as well 
 friends as enemies depended thereupon, and had their mind and eye wholly bent that way l as 
 being a Ciiylike togi.eihe vcrytrlall and proof, what would the ill'uebc generally of all the re- 
 voltand rebellion from theRomans. Leaving therefore behind him a great part of his carriage in 
 the Brutians country, and all his fouldicrs heavily armed) hemade halieinto Canp-mia-, wiih an 
 eleil power of foot andhor.e, kuh as he fuppoled molt meet and belt appointed for expedition 
 and riddance of way : yet as fa(f as he marched, there followed after him three arid thirty Ele- 
 D phants, and fohefate him down clofely in a fecret valley behind the mountain r/jf^n^, which 
 overlookcth the City C.ipu.i. At the hrlt coming hetorccd the fort called G^l.uia^ and compelled 
 thegarrifon there to t]uit the place, and then he turned and oppofed himfe.f againli the enemies 
 who belieged C-pi^-i, But he difpatched i.ertain courriers afore nnrc- Capita to hgnifie unco them 
 at what time he minded to fet upon the camp of the Romans : th.;: they alfo nt-thsvery inftanc 
 rhight be ready to iffueforih at every gateof the City to do the like. The Romans havin^ no 
 fore-knowledgeby their efpiak of chis occurrence, were mightily terrified : for ^i««.'^.?/ himfelf 
 afl'uied them one way, and all the Campans as well foot as horfemen ( together withrhegarri- 
 fon fouldiers of the Carthaginians under the leading of Boft -.r and Hn-.mo their captains ) lallied 
 out another way. The Romans therefore being driven to their fhifts, as weil as they might n 'o 
 Efudden and fearful! a cafe, had an eye to this, not to make head altogether cse way, /nd^or^ 
 leave the ri! ft quite without defence; there fore they di\ided t'leir forces in this manner amoni^ 
 themfclves: AppituClattdtuf oppofed himfelf againli the Campans: and F«/z/ /wagainll AanibaL 
 C/4;<i/«iiVlT;i the Vite-Prxtor, with the honemenbelonging to the hxch legion, quartered upon 
 the way that leadeth to^.vcjfw/*?: irsAC. Fulvms FI.icch! the Lieutenant with the horfemen of 
 Allies, took up his (landing, and planted himfc'.f over-againft the river l^nltnrmts. The battell be- 
 gan not after the ufua'l manner, only with lliouts and outcries, but befides all other clamours of 
 men neighing of horfes, and rult ling of armour, there was a multitude of Campans good t'or no 
 other ferviceot war, placed oponthe wals, who together with ringing and founding of bafons 
 and vcflels ofbrafle f'as the manneris in the (till dead time of the night, when the moon is in the 
 fc.iipfe) madefu.h an hideous noi.e, that it caufed even them that were in fight to be ?mufed 
 thereupon, and to liften after it. Afp:ns with fnwU ado repulfcd the Campans from the 
 trench and rampier. But Fulvitts on the other part had more trouble to deal with Anntld 
 and the Carthaginians, who charged fo fiercely upon him, that the hxth kgion there "ave 
 ground and retreated : which being once beat back, a Squadron of Spaniards and'three Elephants 
 pafled forwards as far as the rampier; 'and had already broken thror'ci,h the main battell of 
 the Roman;: but they were in fufpcn-c between doubtfu'.l hope and prefeni danger, thin- 
 king one while to break through and pafs into the Camp ; aniidoubtrnll another while tobe ex- 
 cluded trom the reft of their coinpanies. f • hins feeing this fear of the Legion and pe.ill where- ; 
 in the Camp (toed, encourageth and exhortcth ^. iV.iw«t and other principall Centurions,' 
 to aflai! vnliantly, to kill and hew in pieces that onccompany of the enemies which werefi"h- 
 titing under thecounterfcarp. ''For all now lieth a bleeding, quothhe, and in extrcim hazard: 
 " tor cither you muit give the enemies w^y.^'id thenwil they more eafily enter into thecamp,then 
 " ihcy had already pierced through the thick fqnidrons of the battell ; or elfe yc mull defeat and 
 '' lliy them intheplate even under the trench. And that(quoth hc)werenodifVicultpieceof fer- 
 "vice, con(iderirgthey arc but few in number, fevered and fliut out clean from the iuccour of 
 " thJrfeljows: and ihe fameRomanbattaillon which feemeth now disbanded and open, whiles 
 <■■ \i is aflrightcct If fo be it would make he.'.d and luiii both (ides upon the enemy, were able to 
 
 "• com-
 
 ^•74 ^^^ fi^ ^^^ twentieth Boo\ o/T.Livius. 
 
 *' compafs round and environ them,and put ihem to a doubtful hazard, yea,and cut them in pic- H 
 '' ces within the imdfi.N'siviiis had no fooner heard the General fpeak thefe words,but he caught 
 the enlion of the lecond band oiHafiatt from theenhgn-bearer and difplaied it in the faces of the 
 enemie°threatmng to fling i: among the midrt of them,unlefs his fouldiers made the better half c 
 to foUcvv him, and fettle themfelves to fight. He was a goodly tall and per fonable man of body, 
 his brave armor belldes fet him out and beautified his perfon : and withail, the advancing of his 
 cnii^non hi^hjdrew every mans eye upon him as well enemies as friends. But when he was ap- 
 proached once to the banners of the Spaniards,then from all hands they fpared him not,butlan- 
 The GnguUr ced at him their barbed javelins,and the whole battell in manner was bent only againlt him. But 
 valour ot tin- neither the multitude of enemies, nor the volley of their fhot, was able to reprefs and rebut the I 
 *'**' violence of that one man.Likevvife M.jittilms a Lieutenant, caufed the enfign-bearer of the firft 
 
 band of the PnKcipa, belonging to the fame Legion-.to enter with his enfign upon the cohort and 
 troop of the Spaniards. The Lieutenant? alfo L. Porctus Licinins and 7. Popilius, who had the 
 guarding of the camp< fought valiantly upon the rampier in defence thereof, and killed the Ele- 
 phants upon the very counterfcarp,as they were paflihg over and entring the camp. And by occa- 
 lion that their bodies filled up the ditch^ the enemies had a paffage made them into the camp, as 
 it were over a caiifey or bridge raifed oi purpofe to give them way : and there over the very car- 
 kafes oftheElephantsthere was a cruellflaughter committed .But on the other fide ofihecamp> 
 the Campans and thegarrifon ofthe Carthaginians had the repulfe already : and under the very 
 oate of C/ip«ii which openeth upon the river r«/r«r;?.vj,' theire was another skirmifh, where the K 
 Romans ftriving to enter the town, were not fo much put back and withHood by force of arme4 
 men, as by brakes, korpions, and other engins of ordnance, which being mounted and planted 
 upon the very gate.difcharged fhot fo violently .that they dravc the enemies farther off.Over and 
 bclides.the forcibleand furious aflault ofthe Romans was danced and fupprefled, by reafonthat 
 their General himfelUv^/'/XW/w was hurt; who as hewas encouraging his men to fight inthe, 
 very forefront ofthe vangcird,hapr,ed to be wounded with a dart above in his brell under the left 
 ' fhoulder: yet there were an exceeding number of enemies there (lain before thegate, and the 
 red were driven for fear to make hade and get the City over their heads.v4>;«»7v/7/ alio perceiving 
 the Cohort of the Spaniards lying along dead, and the camp of the enemies io manfully defended 
 even to the death : gave over farther affaultjand began to retire his enligns, and to turn backward L 
 all hisfootmen, incerpoling his horfemen behind them, for fear the enemy fliould charge them 
 • on the tail. The legions were exceeding eager to purfue after the enemies : but Yhccns comman- 
 \ ded to found the retreatJ'uppofing they had done well enough alreadyjind effeiled tw« things, 
 ' to wic, that both the Campans faw in how little ftead^«»/^<«/fcrved them; and zMo Atwthal 
 himfelf knew and perceived no \tk. Some writers that have recorded this battell, fet down,that 
 of Ayinibal^is Army there were flain that day eightchoufand men, and of Campans three thou- 
 fand: that the Carthaginians loft fifteen enfigns, and the Campans eighteen. But in others, 
 I find chat the conflidl: was not fo great, and that the frig'»t was much more than the skirmifh : 
 for when as the Numidiansand Spaniards together with the Elephants brake at unawares into 
 the Roman Camp, thofe Elephants js they palled through the midff thereof, overthrew and M 
 laid alone maxiy of the tents and pavilions ; and the Sumpter-horfes and other beafts there 
 for carriage, with great noife brake their halters, and collars, fled for fear, and bare down all 
 afore them as they wenr. And that befides this tumultuous fright and confufion,>i«»/^.?/ dealt 
 fraudulently, by fending in among the reft certain that could fpeak the Latine tongue Cforfomc 
 fuch he had about him) who in theConfuls namegave commandment ( fince that the Camp 
 ■was loft ) that every fouldier fhould make fhlfc for himfelf, and flie to the next mountain?. 
 But ibis deceit was foon efpied and prevented with the lofs and flaughter of a number of 
 enemies : and the Elephants werecourfed out ofthe Camp with fire. But howfoever this battell 
 was either begun or ended, the laft it was fought there, before that Cafna was yielded up and 
 "-_ , Inrrendred. N 
 
 The AlediaftitHticHs ( for fo they call the head Magiflratc and Governor ofthe City of Cafua) 
 for that year,was one Scppins Lejitis-,^ man of bafe parentage and mean calling. The report goeth, 
 that his motherupon a time asfhemadefatisfaftionin thenameofhim(beingthenfatherlefsand 
 under age)by a purgatory facrificejfora prodigious domeftical portent, that hapned inherhoufe, 
 was told by the Soothfaier out of his learning, that one day the chief government of C'^j'w^ 
 fliould befr.ll to that child : whereat, fhe feeing no likelihood nor hope at all of any fuch matter, 
 faidthusagain,You talkofa poor City of Cafua, when that day comes; and God favc all, when 
 my fon fliall be advanced to the higbelt place and government thereof. But thefe words fpoken ac 
 random and in jeft.proved afterwards good earneft, and true indeed. For when as the Citizens 
 were driven to great firaights,through fword and famine, and were paft all hope of recovery : in O 
 fuch fort, as they that were of quality and born for honour, refufed to be in place of authority, 
 this LcpHi complaining that C^;)»<» was forlorn,betraid,and abandoned by her own nobility ,took 
 upon him the chief Magiftracy, and was the laft of all the Campans that bare foveraign rule in 
 thatCity. 
 
 v^««<7<j/ perceiving, that neither his enemies would be drawn forth any more to fight: nor pof- 
 fibly he could break through their camp for to come onto C^tpw^: for fear left that the new Con- 
 fuls flio"''^ ''' ' •■•'' •■'^c paffageSj and intercept his purveyance of victuals, determined to diflodgc 
 
 withcui
 
 The fx and twentieth BooJ\^ of T. Li vius. ^y ^ 
 
 A vvithou: cffefling hi? purpofcand to remove from CapuA, And as he cafl and coded to and fro in 
 hismind vvhatcoiirfe to take,atid whither to c;o; it came into his head to make no more ado, buc 
 to march direftly to /Jcwf.thevery hcad and feat-City ot the whole war.This wastheuplliot ot 
 ali,and the emprefe that he moll delired. Howbcitas allothersmtuh grieved and greatly blamed 
 himthathehad over-lliptthe opportunity when it was tvenprefenciy upon the battel! at C'<.'»>:tf: 
 fo himfclf acknowledged no lefs that he was mightily overfeen. And yet the thing was not fo far 
 part (he thought)thai he fhould defpair.but upon fome fudden fright and unexpi ded tumult he 
 might feize of fomeqnaiter oi che City or other. And \\ Rome were onte in tiiat hazardjthtn ei- 
 ther both the Roman Generals, oroneatiheieali, would immediatly leave the liege of CV;?«4. 
 B Who if they hadon.ediuded theirfor.es, both ot them won d be the weaker, and minilier ei- 
 ther unto him orto theCampans fome occafon of good fortune. Thcorly thirg that troubled 
 his mind was this, for fear ielf that as foonas his back were turned, the Campjns would yield 
 themfelves unto the Romans. Hetherelore with large and liberall rewards indn.eth a icrtain 
 Numidian(an audacious and adventuousrellow, one that cared not whrt dangers he undertook) 
 to be the carrier of certain letters, and toenier into the camp of the Romjns.iounttneitinchim- 
 felf tobeafugitivcfrom the adveri'e part unto them :ardfo when heefpkd his time to tiip Jecrct- 
 lyfrom the other hde of the camptoC.-pv^. The letters were \ cry comfortable, impcriirgunto 
 them, "That his remove ard departure from thence was for their good and fafcty, whereby he 
 "meant to withdraw the Roman C.iptains and theirlori.es from C'-'f«/i to the defence of their 
 C'' own City of Rome' wiling them not to let fail their hearts and be difcou raged; for by p..ticnc 
 "abiding feme few dales they fliouldbe wholly freed and delivered of thefcge. llien he made 
 ftayof all the fliippingand veflels that he could find upon the river Vidinryius^ ar.dcomm.inded 
 them to be brought to Cafdtnum, which he had fortifed aforetime with a pileorCaHlc to guard 
 and keep the place with a garrifon. And having intelligence that there was fuch Oore of barees 
 and bottoms upon the river, as would ferveto tranfport in one night his whole army : he made 
 provifion of vid^uals for ten daies,brought down his army by night to the river fdc, and'.roficd 
 the waterwith all hispower before thenextday-light.Butthiswasnot carried fo fe;retly but be- 
 fore that it was effeited, inteiligence wasgiventhereof by certain runnagate higitives; where- 
 upon Fw/ww/F/^Jccwiaddrefled his letters unto the Senate of j^awf, and gave rotiic thereof. Ac 
 D which tidings men according to their fundry fanliesand humours werediverfly affected: ard ai? 
 fo learliill an occurrence required^incontinently the Senate ailcmbled. 
 
 P.Cornelms, furnamed Afii:a, was of opinion, that all theCaptain^ and Armies whaifcevcr 
 fliou.d be called home out of all parts of /r.*/)', without regard of Cpp^.jorany other exploit be- 
 f:des,faveonly thedefence of the City. f^^/.v/^/.i.v/VA2«/ thought it wasadiflionell, Iewd,and3 
 ftiamefull part to depart from the liege of Cj^^^^and to be feared to turn hereand there,andtobe 
 carried away with every copy of Ann.bal his countemnce, and with his vain threats and mena- 
 ces. He that wonavi6lory atC(?«;7<f, anddurftnoi then go forward to the City, hathhe con- 
 ceived any hope now to win i^^wf, being alfo lately repulfedfrom Capna ? Nojhemarcheth to- 
 ward /Jo^^f, not minding to befiege it, but hoping to raife the (iegefVomC^/rA'^i. And however ic 
 Ebe, lam alVured ("quoth he) that y;/j?/ffr( the witnefs of covenants broken by Anni'^al)tir\d o- 
 ther godsbelides, will defend us with the help of that army which we fhall find at home in the 
 City. Bet ween thefe two opinions P. Valerius Fiaccus held the mean^and prevailed : for he havin'^ 
 a regard anddueconfideration, bothof the one and the other; thought good to write unto the 
 Colonels that lay before r<?^«4, andto certifiethemv\hatflrength they had of able men to de- 
 fend the City: as for the forces of y4««/i.!/ , and what power was needfull to maintain the liec-e 
 itC'tpra, they themfelves knew bef}. Therefore in cafe that one of the Pro-Confnls there, ard 
 part of the army might be fpared from thence and fent to Rome, and ne\ erthelefs, the fice conti- 
 nue with thecondudof the other Pro-Conful, and the reft of the army: then C/^«^/«/and Ful- 
 vins(ho\ild fo order thematter between themfel\cs,that the one ot them might remain (HUbe- 
 l.foreC<?p,'<.! at liege and the other repair to Rame^iox ro defend and keep their native country from 
 the fame danger. Hereupon the Senate agreed, andmadcan Ad :whicl)beingbought untoC^- 
 p'a,0^ Fx/^"'*^ the vice-Con ul who was to goto Rome, byreafon that his Coilegue was fick of 
 his huit.chofeout of the three armies certain companies of louldiers, and fo with fifteen thoufand 
 footmen, and one thoufand horlemen pafled over the n\crVnhw»us. Then havirf' certain intel- 
 ]igence,thac Anmkil m'wdcd to march along the Latincflreet way: he took his journey throuoh 
 the towns and burroughs fituate upon the way Appa, and fcnt hiscourriersbetorei'ntoS«;<» So- 
 r.t,3nd LAvintum-, whith arefeated near unto itjnotonly fortolayprovi(ionofvi(ffualsre.idy for 
 him in the'r Cities and towns, but alio from the country villages farther out of the way, tobrint^ 
 iheirpro\ir;onto that port through-fare: and to draw forces into their town>- for their own de- 
 fence, and every one to ftand opon their good guard, and to look unto their ftate,as well publike 
 Gas private. 
 
 ^««/^<»/the fame day that he had cronedr«/r«r>?«/ encamped not far fromthe river. And the 
 morrow after entred into the territory of the Sidicins, and led his ho(f near unto C^/^/. There, 
 after he had (bid one day, forraging and fpoiling the country, he marched bySnefy.Ii, into the 
 territories of A/l:fM and Cafinum^by the way oftheLatine flrcet. Under ihetown Cafimtm he 
 abode in camp two daies,andrai'ed booties here and there in every place. From thence leaving 
 Int(rv.nnna iad A^Hinum, he came into thecountry about fr^gf/Z-e, as far astotheriver L;W>» 
 
 where
 
 Aj^ J be fix and nventkth Boo\ o/T.Livius. 
 
 where he found the bridge cut down by the Fregdlans for to impeach and let his journey. Ffthi-ii 
 ^jlikewile was Raid at the river Vultfyrnushy realbn that the barges and bottoms were burnt by 
 Annibd : and much ado he had, tor the great icarcicy of timber and wood, to make punts and 
 boMS for to fee over his army. But Falvius^ atter he had once tranfporced his men in fuch boats 
 and planks as he made fhiftwithall, had afterwards no hindrance in his journey ; but found not 
 only (iore of viftuals in the Towns and Cities as he travelled, but alfo plenty thereof brought 
 ready for him to the waies fide right curieoufly. Then the fouldiers as they marched on fooc 
 cheered and encouraged one another to mend their pace and make fpeed, confidering they went 
 to the defence of their naturall country. Now there was a poft fent from Frf^elk, who rode 
 night and day and never made ftay, and he put the City in exceeding tear. The running together I 
 behdes ofthe people, that ceafed not to make every thing more than it was, and to invent fome- 
 what of their own fingers ends, and put it to the news thn they heard, made a greater hurry 
 ihan the meffenger himfelf and fee the City in an uprore. And not only the women were heard 
 to weep and vvail in their own private houfes : but alio trom all parts the Dames of the City 
 came flocking into the llreets, running about to all the Churches and Chappels oftheirgods and 
 goddeffes,fweeping the Altars with the trefles of their hair hanging down, kneeling upon the bare 
 oroundand Itrett hing ont their hands up toward heaven unto the godsj pouring out their pray- 
 ers «nd fupplications, Thatihey would vouchfate to preferve the City of Rome out of the hands 
 ofthe enemies, and to favetheRoman wives and their little children from harm and all abufe. 
 The body ofthe Senat gave attendance upon the Magiftrates in thecommon place, ready togive K 
 them their advice and counfeli. Some receive of them diredion, and departed every man to exe- 
 cute his charge : others otfer themieUes to the Magidrates, to be employed in any fervice vvhat- 
 foever.Sundry guards were belt'o wed in the Cadle, in the CapitoU, and upon the walls : all places 
 about theCity were welimanned.The Alban mountain alfo and the Cadle ofTt^fculum were fur ~ 
 rifhed with good garrifons. Amidd this alarm tidings came, that O, Fulvius'thc Pro-Conful, 
 was departed from Cap^a^ and onward on his journey to ^i?;we with an army. And becaufe he 
 {hculd not be abridged of his power and authority, after he was come into the City, there was a 
 decree ^'ranted out of the Senat-Houfe, that Q^Fuhim (hould have as large a commiffion of rule 
 and comrr aid as the Confuls themfelves. Anntbal-, after he had made fouler work and havock in 
 the territory of fr-if^fZ/ie, than in other placeSe for anger that they had cut down the bridges a- L 
 gainfthiscoming,ledhisarmy through the Fruhnat, Ferentinar, and Anagnine countries, and 
 came forwards into the territory . Lavicos : and fo by Aljiiurr. he marched toward Tnjculum, 
 And when he could not be let in there within the walls, he def^ended beneath Tj^/ca/z^w, on 
 theri'^ht handto Gubi- from whence he conduced his army into F//j!);«/<3, and eight miles from 
 " jRfl»«f encamped. The nearer the enemy approached to the City, the greater flaughter was made 
 of the peafants that fled from him, by his vancurriers, the Numidian light-horfemen whom he 
 lent afore to make riddance. And many there were of all conditions and ages that were taken 
 captive. 
 
 In this tumulmous trouble, F«/w/« Flaccw with his army emred Rome at the gate Cape»a: 
 from whence he went through themidftof the City, along the ftreetr<?m'<£ into the £a-^W/<«,M 
 and from thence he went forth, and between the gates £A-^«/7;»i<; and Co///><a pitched his tents. 
 Thither the TEdiles ofthe Commons brought viffuals: theConful and the Senate reforted lO' 
 liim into thecamp,where they fate in Council about the State of the Common-weal, And agreed 
 it was, That the Con.uls fhould lie encamped likewife about the gates Co///«« and £,vg«;/;;?<i: 
 t\\ztC.Calp'4rniHi-, Prxtor of theCity, fliould have the keeping of the Capitoll and the Cattle 
 *viih a guard, and that the Senators keep refidenre continually in good number within the 
 compafsof theFor//»;,whatneedfoevertherefliould be of their counlell and advice, againflall 
 fndden accidents. By this time Annibd was come forward as far as to the river Anio^ and with- 
 in fhree miles ofthe City lay encamped ,where he kept a ftanding Leaguer. Buthimfelfin perfon 
 with 2000 horfem^n advanced forward toward the gate Co///»<», evenasfarasto/ferc«/fxhisN 
 Temple, and rode all about as near as he well could, to view the walls, and the fituarion of the 
 City. f/4rc«j took foul difdain thereat, and thought it a fliamefull indignity, that he fhould 
 brave it at his pleafure fo fcornfully without revenge, whereupon he fent out certain of his own 
 Cavalry, and gave commandment. That they (bouldfet the enemies horfemen farther off, and 
 chafe them back into their Camp. Whiles they were in skirmifli together, the Confuls gave or- 
 der, that the Numidian horfemen, iuch as were fled from the enemy, and turned to the Ro- 
 mans (who were at that time to thenumber of twelve hundred upon the Aventine hill ) fliould 
 pafs through the inidft of theCity to the £.v^«r//<e : fuppofmg that there were none more meet 
 than they, forto fight among the valleys, the garden houfes, the fepulchres and hollow waies 
 on every fide. Whom, when fome from the Cattle and the Capitoll, efpicd riding down the o 
 defcent ot the hill, culkd CUvus Puplius, they ran crying about theCity, The Aventine is taken. 
 The Aventine is taken. Which alarm caufed a tumult, and gave fuch an occafion of featjand run- 
 ring away, thatiftheCampof ^w;;/^<j/ had not been without the walls, the fearfull multitude 
 doubtlefs would have abandoned and quit the City, But they took their houfes, and got every 
 man up to the terraffes and leads thereof : from whence they pelted with ftones and other flioc, 
 their own friends inlleadof enemies, as they rode fcattering one from another in the ftreets. 
 This tumultcould not be repreffed,nor the error appear,by reafonthac the waies were fopeftered 
 
 with
 
 The fx and twentieth Boo\^ of T. Li vius. An n 
 
 A wicha number ofthe country peafants, and of cattellbeIJdes,whom d'ddentearhaddriveninto 
 theCity.Hovvbeitjthe horfemen fought forain3tely,and tlieenemies were removed and fee bak. 
 And becaufeitwasnecfflary toiiay aiidiforders and iipror^sthat ^h^n.ed upon fmall occasions 
 loaiife, ic was thought t;ood and Ji;reedupon, that all thoie whohad beeneuher l)i(Slators or 
 b rnthc offi:e ofCenlors,lhould have their full power ;nd authority untilil'uch time as the ene- 
 my was c'ean departed from about the wails. And that w ■,■: togood purpore:!oraUt.,erelt ofthac 
 diy.and the night foUowing.there wercdivers and fundrygarboiles, withootrny^i'j,i; Orocca- 
 lionraifed,and the fame Hilled jnd appeafed by that means. 
 
 The next day A>j>s.h.tlTpxi\cd over ^;»/y, and broUj;tit forth all his whole power into the ("eld 
 B Neither were fUccnsznil the Conluls behind hand lor their parts, but ready for batte:!. When 
 both armies (iood .-.rtaiT^ed in order on both fide;, amuled upon the iiUic and evenr of that 
 one fight, which was for no lefsa pri^eandreward to the victorious p.irt, than the very Cicyof 
 Ronn; there fell fuch a mighty Uorm of rain and hail together> and fo troubled both iio'lis, 
 that they could fcarv-e hold theit weapons in hand, but were ddven to retire themfelves for fafety 
 into their i'everallCjmps fearing notiirglels ih:.n tiieir own enemies. I he morrow after like- 
 wife,vvhen they Hood in the I'nme pla.e in batteliarray,the liketcmpeK pared them afur.dsr. And 
 they were not fo foon retired into their Camp, but the day was wonderful tair, and the weather 
 calm again. 
 
 The Carthaginians took this for an ominous prefage to them of illuKk. A :d A^,>ii'al was 
 C heard fby rcport)tofay,That one while his mindanothcr whiiehis fo.tune,would not ^\\ e him 
 leave to win the City ot Rome. There were other occurrences becdes, as wellfmal. asereat thac 
 dilcouraged himand abated his hope. Of more importan.e was tbis,that whiJeshel.iy with his 
 holHn arms betore the walls or /Jjweheunderllood, there were certain companies with banners 
 difplijed fentinto 5p.i;»fortofupplY the armies there.Oflefs reckoning was tnis th.t he vvasad- 
 \evtifedby acertain captive, how the very fame plot of ground whereon he was encamped, hap- 
 ned atihefame time tole fold :r.ot underfoot, but.utheiU!l pri.e, and nothing abated. This he 
 took to be fo prefumptuous a part, and fuch a fcorniuU indignity , namely jthat there mouid be a 
 chapman found at Rjmexo mikepur^hace of that pie e of land, which he was poflcfed of 4nd 
 held in right of arms, that p:eiently he called for the publike crier and irnmpes and,;, ve com- 
 Dmandment unto him, to pro.iaim port-fale o. a 1 the Hiops of Bmkeis and money cnr.m>cri ac 
 that time about the Forum in Rome. Neverthelcfs, hereupon he was moi ed to dillo'dge and reti- 
 red his camp backwards from the City to the river / «?-/<.', fix mi les from Rome, From vvhen . e he 
 took his way to the grove of Fcroni^:-, where T'ood a Temple, in thoie dales anidi renowned tor 
 wealth and ri.hes.The inhabitants thereabout wereertainCapen^t.,. who ufediob.ir': thither 
 the firlt fruits of their corn and re^ enues yea and many other oblations befides accordinotc their 
 More : by means whereof they had adorned and garnilTied it with mu ,h gold and liKer. Of all 
 thofe gits and offerings was this Temple then robbed andipoiled.But after tht departure of An- 
 mlf.U\com thence there were found great heaps of braf^bv reaion thac the .ouldier.'-nDon touch 
 and rcmorfc ofconfcience had calf in many brazeapieces.The fa^king and pillage of tfas iempie, 
 Eall writers do agree npon,and make no doubt thereof. rQ?/;;^ faith, Th.c ./wr ''rf/asiie vventi >- 
 ward Rome from Erctum-, turned thither and he fetteth down the beginning of his journev from 
 Ruite Cutil A iVid from Amitcz-Kum. And that one of C-r /;j^r.»,he came into S^-rj/Kr'jmiiviA'zom. 
 thcn'-c into the country of /'<://^;;/,and fo pafl'ed befde the City Snlmo;.o tiie Mini :ins,and then 
 by theterritory of the Albenfes into theMarfians land, 2nd from thence he naraied to A^^u-.er- 
 MMWjand lo forward to the town I' or nit. Neither is there any crrour or doubt in ailrhii.,bc aufe 
 the mark? and tokens of the voyage of fo great an army could not within the memory and com- 
 pafs of fo fmailan age beconfounded and worn out. Forcertain it is, that he paflVJ i\.^t way. 
 The only ditfVrcn.elieth herein, whether he came to the City of Rome^ or returned from therce 
 into Cii>/,j?.j;j/<j,by that wayatorefaid, 
 \ Now was not ^:'»/^../iorefolute to defend r^;«.t, but the Romr.ns were as fully bent, and 
 more e.iger to vOntinuethc liege and aflault thercof.Forhe fped himfelf fo talf another vv.iy in his 
 voyage back firlt out of the Lucans country to the Brutians,and foon (HI! to the (frei'^ht I of5/- 
 r/A] and to RIjcjih,,!, that v\lth his fudden coming thither he furprifcd them at unawares, even 
 before they heard of his arrivall.AsforC.?;)«;?,albeit inthetimeof^F«/-y/«;hisabfencc it was no 
 lefsdraightly beleagured, yet it felt the coming again of f/^rc;-^: and heiidc;, there w s much 
 marvell there, why y?«»/^.:/rtturned not back as well as he. Afterwards, they underltocd, by 
 conference with fome that vyere without, how they were t'orfaken and forlorn of Anmbal-, and 
 thac the Carthaginians were pa(t all hope to keep and hold C.^p«..- (lill to their own ufe. There 
 was an Hdiit moreover of tne Pro-Conful, palVed by order from the Senat. and the fame publi- 
 flied and divulpcd among the enemies. That what Ciii/en foever of C r;)«^i would turn to the 
 CRoman. before I'uch a icrtain day he fliould have a gencrall pardon. But there was no coming- 
 in, norrangingto the Romans fide; tor fear of punillimcnc at the Romans hands, more than 
 for any regard of their ahegiance to the Carthaginians: becaufe their tranlgrellion andtref- 
 pafs in their former revolt was fo great, that it mi;c,hcnotbe abandoned. Andasnoone man ac 
 all privatly on hisown headcameovcrtothecamp ofthe Roman ,fo there was no jjood order 
 taken by publikc councill for the benefit and fafety of the whole City. The Noblemen h. d riven' 
 fc;ver mananngof (fate-mactcrS;and could not be brought by any means to allemble in theSenac. 
 
 And
 
 ^ An^ 7 he fix and nverdieth Bool^ o/T.Livius, 
 
 And in chief place of government was he, who had not won to himfelf any honour thereby, biitH 
 his unworchinels was derogatory to the authority and power ot:' that Magifiracy which he bare. 
 For now there was not one of the chietCitizens and Noblemen that would be lb much as fecn 
 in the Market plate or Common Hall ot idemblies: but flnuting ihemfelves within doors in their 
 privat houfeS) they expcfted every day torthedcHruition of their country, together with their 
 own undoing and overthrow, The whoiei harge and care lay upon Bofiar and HannoCapuins of 
 ihe^arrifon in thefort there ofthe Carthaginians, andmore carefnll were they of their own wel- 
 fare,thanfeartuUfor the jeopardy oftheirlriends and Ailies.Thefe two wi'ote letters unto ^«««- 
 ^^/jendited not only in plain terms and frankly, but aifofhai ply and bitterly : wherein they laid 
 unto his charge, ''That he had net only betraiedr<?p«.t into the hands of the enemies, butalfol 
 " delivered and expofed them and the gcurifontothecruelldutchcsof the Romans to be mafii- 
 *'cred and executed. That he was gone his waies, and departed into the country ofthe BrutH^as 
 *' one that turned away his face ot purpofe,becau!e he would not fee with his own eyes the lofs 
 '■^oiCippia. But, I wotjhe Romans contrariwife could not be withdrawn from the (iege of C^- 
 *^pitay no, not by the affaulting of the Ciiy of Rome : lb nuch more were the Romans refolute 
 " enemiesjthan the Carthaginians conltaiu Iriends. But if he would return again to Capua-) and , 
 *'bend the full force of his war thitherilsoth they and the Citizens alfo of G?p't would be ready 
 <•' to fallyforth and encounter theencmies. For why, they pafled not over the A'ps with intent to 
 "war with the Rheginsand Tarentins; no but where the Roman Legions were.there ought the 
 "armiesofcheCarthaginians tobe. Itwis !,x.Ca»n<t., ihvii ziThrafjmenHi were the viftories at- K 
 "chieved,by affronting and mcetingtheenemy: by joyningcamp tocamp, and by hazarding the 
 "fortune of the battell. To this effeit were the letters penned ,and given to certain Numidians ; 
 who for a good reward had offered their fervice before, for the \2.k carriage and delivery of 
 them. Thefe fellows prefented themlelves before F/^irc/if in the Camp, in habit and quality of fu- 
 gitives unto his fide:hoping to fpy out fome convenient time when they miijht give nim the flip 
 and be gone.Now by occahon of the famine which had continued long in G/p/« there was none 
 but might pretend a good and reafonable caufe to depart from thence to the adverle pare. Buc 
 benold.therehapnedaCapuan wench to come into the leaguer (a naughty-pack and an harlot, 
 that one ofthe fnppofed counterfeit fugitives aforcfaid kept.) ihe enfonncd the Generall ofthe 
 Romsns^that thofe Numidians/raudulently and by covin pretended to flie unto his pa: t and had L 
 letters about them unto Ann.hul.lWis. would flie iland to, and berendy to aver to the very face of 
 cneof them, who bewrayed Sc dilclofed theplotuntoher.At lir(l,vvhcnhc was brought lorth be- 
 fore her.he fet a jolly c ountenance of the matter & made it very flrange & pretending (loutly that 
 he knew not the woman ; but by little and little he was convid^ed by munifefl truths^and eipeci- 
 glly when he faw that they called for the rack, snd that he was upon the point to be put to tor- 
 cure: and tointheendconfefledthatallwasiruei and therewith brought forth the letters. Over 
 and befidesjanothcrthin^:; was now revealed, which before was keptclofe and fecr^t; to wit,thac 
 there v\fere other Numidians befides, who under the colour of lugitives had goneupanddovvnin 
 the Roman camp : ot thefe there were apprehended not fofewasthrcefcore and ten, and they 
 together with the newvvere whipped with rods, had their hands cut off, and fenc back again to M 
 C<3jJ«.?.Thispitiousfpec\acleand fight of fofearfi'll execution killed theircoiir.ige, snd brake the 
 very heart of the Campans. Whereupon the people ran togetbcrunco the Council-Houfe, and 
 compelled Le/7«;toalVcmbiea Senat and openly thrcuned the Nobles (who along time had ab- 
 fented themlelves from publike confultations ) that unlefs they would now repair into the Senat, 
 they wouldgo hometotheirvery hoofes, and pluik them out by theears into the (Ireet. Fotfear 
 beriCof-thecbiefMagillratehada frequent and full affembly of Senators. Whijes all the red were 
 of opinion to fend fcmbafl:.dors to the Roman Generals, f^ibius firms ( wbohadbeenthechief 
 caufe :.r;d principall author of their firft revolt from the Romans ) being demanded his advice, 
 fpake to the point in this manner. 
 Tht Orjiion " They hat talk of Embafladors of peace, and ofyielding, little confder and remembereitherN 
 oWibiiii yin- " what they would have done.incafe the Romans had been at their devotion and mercy,orwhat 
 ftjinihc Ssnat «' themfelves mulf endure and fuffer.For what think ye will become(quoth he)ofthis prefent fur- 
 ot ^fia. t< render of ours, incomparifon of that whereby in times paltwc freely gave unto the Romans 
 " ourfelves, and all that we had, for to obtain their aid and fuccour again;! the Samnits ? And 
 " have we fo foon forgot, at what time^and in what condition and ftnte we were whenwefor- 
 "fook and abandoned the people of AW;e? Alio, after our revolt, how we mod cruelly and 
 " fhamefully killed their g,nrifon, who we might have difmiffed and fent away with their hves ? 
 <•' Moreover, how often we have iffued forth againft them lying at ficge, and how mifchievoufly 
 " minded we were unto them, yea^and how we have fallied upon them in their camp? Over and 
 " belides, call ye not to remembrance, how we called for Annibal to furpriie and defeat them ? o 
 " and (that which of all other is moftfreflun memory) bow we fent him from hence to give the 
 " allault to Rome ? On the contrary fide mark v\ell and call to mind, how malicioufly they have 
 '' attempted and pra,5lifed all hoflilityagaind us : by vA/hich ye may well know what account to 
 " make of them,and what ye are to trull unto. For when they had a Granger and forrain enemy 
 •^ within //^j/y, nay, when they had ^;7«<7;,;/ their enemy : when the wars were lb hot, that all 
 «< was on a light fire : they palTed by all other affairs, yea,th?y let ^';;«/^^,/himfelf alone,and fenc 
 " both their Confuls with two compleat Confular armies to befiege and force Capm. This is the 
 
 *' fecond
 
 The fix and twentieth Boof\^ of T.Livius. Ayp 
 
 ^ "fecondyearthatchey keep us entrenched round about, penning us np, and pining; U'lwithex- 
 "tream famine and hunger : during which time they themtelvesas well as we, h3\e"endnred thii 
 " utmolVextrcmities and dangers that arc, and fultaihedmoR grievous and infinite travels: of- 
 " rentimes being kiiied and cue in pieces about their rampier^, trenches and ditches, and finally 
 " driven almoli out oUheir Camp and hold. But to let pafi and fpeak no more of thel'e ordinary 
 •■'matters, leeingit is an o.d and ufuallcale for them to abide painfull toil, and incur many pe- 
 *' rilp, who befiej'e and afTault any Cities or towns ©f their enemies : Sec a manifelt fi^n of theic 
 *' deadly feud, and execrable hatred againft i3s. Anmbd with a puiiTjnt power of toot and horfe- 
 *' men both.affailed their Camp,yea,aDdirt fome part was MaUer of ir. Thinkye that info oreac 
 "danger of theirs they were onejot withdrawnfromthehege? He pafled over the riverVx/- 
 
 15 " f«r«»r,and burnt the territory of Cdes : yet for all that calamity and iofs, which theirallies re- 
 " ceived,flirred not they one whit,norgavc over their etiterprife.Hecommanded to march for- 
 '■" ward with banner difplaycd againfl the very City oi Rome : they made as little account of that 
 " dangerous tempeft toward, as of all the red. Aftet he had pafled over the river Amo^be pitched 
 *' his tents within three miles of the City; liay,he approached at length the vvalls.and made abra- 
 *' vado even under the gates; to be fliort,he prefented unto their eye his refolution,attd menaced 
 "tomake Rameioo hocforthemunlefsthey levied the fiegebefore Crfp«4: and yet they "avettoc 
 '* over but bcleagaered us nill.Th every wild and favagebeafi 3 be they rieverfofell,be they mad- 
 *'ded never fo much with blind rage and woodneG;againlt one, yet if another go to their dens, 
 *' and offer totakeaway their whelps, they will turn again to fuccour and help their youn^ ones < 
 
 (^ " but theRomans,notwithttanding Rome was befiegedjtheir wives and children in danTeriwhofe 
 '■' pitious cries and lamentable plaints were heard alhnolf even hither ; not withlianding their al- 
 '* tars,iheir facred fires,the temples of their gods , the monuments and fepulcher^ ol their Ance- 
 *' (tors, were profaned, abufed, and polluted, could not be drawn avvay from C^ptfu. So ea^er, fo 
 *' hungry are they to be revenged of us, fothirliy are they to drink out bloud. And good rca- 
 *' fon,haply,they havefotodo. For would not wcalfo have done the femblable, if fortune had 
 *'givenusthe opportunity ? But feeing the will of the immortall gods is otherwife :and confide- 
 *' ring that I owe nature a death ; in my power it isCwhiles I'am at liberty, whiles I am mine own 
 *< man, and mafter of my felf ) to avoid torments, to fliOn fliamefnll ignominies and reproaches • 
 *' (whereof the enemy hopeth Ifliallfeelthefmart)and that by one kind of death,whichasitis 
 
 jj " honelh fo it is jlfo eafie and gentle ? Never will I endure to fee y^p, CLtudius and ^. Fnlvms 
 '' proudly and infolently bearing themfelves upon their conquelt over us: never will I be led and 
 •' baled bo'iod with chains through the City oi Rom e^iomzkc a fiiew^and to ferve for a fpedaclc 
 *' and gaz'ngRock in their Triumph : and afterv\ards either in datk prifon, or tied openly to a 
 *' flake, yield my back andl-.deto be tewed, whipped, and mangled: and then lay my neck upon 
 ** the block, rotiave my head chopt off with the bloudy axe of the Romans. Never vvil I behold 
 
 * *' my native country facked,rpoilediand put to fire and fword,nor the chaff rttarried dames of C4- 
 *' pAa to be forcibly ravifhed the fair and beautitel maidens fhamefully defloured and the well-fa- 
 " voured young boies and freeborn, linnaturally abufed. They rafcd Jlha in times part from the 
 « top to the very foundation,and left neitherff ick nor ftone therecfj Aib.t ] fay. from whence they 
 
 E '' had their off-rpring,ahd were firft defcended:to theend that there might remain no memory ac 
 " all oftheir flock and firfl original!. And fliall I ever beleeve they will fpare C,'!p:(a,'< receive into 
 *~ mercy ,againft which they are more hatefully and mortally bent thM3g:dn{\C-!rtha^t? There- 
 *' fore, my mafters and friends, as many of you as are minded and refolved to die before ye fee 
 "thefefo many miferies and wofull calamities, I have at homeafilppcr thishi^bt well furniflied 
 "and provided for you all: and when ye have eat meat your fill, and drunk wine to it liberally, 
 *' the fame waflell cup that firfl will be prefented unto me, fliall go round about to you all: anci 
 *' that one draught fhall deliver your bodies from torments, preferveyour fpiritsfromanguifh 
 " and contumelious difgrace;kcep your eyes from beholding all cruell arts.your ears from hearin^^ 
 *' all fhamefull indignities which follow and atteiid upon conquered perfons. There fliall bealfo 
 
 p"in readinefs certain fervitorsofpurpofe to makeamighty great firewithinthe bafe court-yard 
 '• of minehoufe and to cafl our dead bodies thereinto. This is the only honeft way to death,and 
 "befeemingus who are free born and gentletlien indeed. In which doing,our enemies will won- 
 " der at our vcrtue and valour: yea, and ^«>»<^.(/himfelf fliall well ktiow that he hath torfaken 
 " and betraied histrufl and magnanimous a Hiss. 
 
 This Oration of Firins^ there were more men prefcnt th.n heard with applaufc and good li- 
 king than could find in their hearts to put that in execution which they fo well allowed & appro- 
 ved. Theofrcaterp.irt of theSen<it,notdefpairing, but that the clemency of the people of /Jowr, 
 which had been tried and feen oftentimes in many wars, might be gained and extended alfo 
 unto them ; concluded, to fend Embafladots with commifTion to yield Capua into the Romans 
 
 Qhands. Some feven and twenty Senators there werethat accompanied nhntsVirius home to yiKui P^.rim 
 hishoufe, and fupped with him: and after they had done what they could to drink thCmfelveS and divers Se.' 
 drunk,andtointoxicate their brains with freely taking in their wine (thereby to withdraw their ""'orsof c«- 
 mindsfrom the fence and apprehenfion of their imminent barm and mifery) drunk all of the 'hcBftWc* 
 poyfonedcupabovefaid. Thisdone, and thebanquetended, they rofe iromthetable,took one ' ' 
 
 anotherby the hand embraced each other, taking their lafl leave, bidding a finall adieu and fare- 
 well, and bewailing together with plenteous tears their own tnisfortunej and ihemil'erableftate 
 
 It Di
 
 480 Xhe fix andwemiethBool\ofT'L'm\3s. 
 
 of their coumtvifome ftaid behind to be burned in one and the fame fire for fellowfhip, others H 
 brakecompany and dep-rted to their own houfes. Now? by reafon that their veins were filled 
 with lull leeding and drinking wine fo liberally, thepoyfon was not lb quick of operAtion, nor 
 joeffectuail as fo hafien their death. And theicfore mofi of them languiftied all night long,yea, 
 and .oniiniicd drawing on a piece of the next day, betore they let their laR breath : but yec iheyali 
 had yicdcd up chtirghollbdore that the gates werefet open fox the enemies, 
 dd- 1 he day following, the gate of jHp'te, whi^h flood next over againil the Roman Camp, was 
 
 fed <o theX- bv llie I ommandoient of the Pro-conlul opened. Thereat entred one legion and two cornets of 
 oians. ho femen, under the leading of C. Fuhitts the Lieutenint : who after he had firft above allotbet' 
 
 thirds "iv'en exprefs order, that all armor of defence, and weapons of offence (which was to be 
 f oiin'd in Cap;ia J (boilld be brought forth and prefented unto him ; placed and dilpoled at all the I 
 gates,warders fuffiaent to fee that no perfon might pofTibly go forth, or be let out: rfien he laid 
 hold nponthe garrifon of the Carthaginians, and commanded the Senators oiCapmio repair in- 
 to the Camp jbefore the Roman Captain Generals themfelves.So loon as they were thither come 
 ftrai"htwaies they had irons clapped upon them, and were comm9nded,to make tender utvo the 
 treafurers of all the gold and fiU er they had .The gold amouncedto 70 pound weight : the filver 
 rofe to the weight of three thou'and and two hundred pound. Five and twenty of the Senators 
 >verefent to C"/*'^, eight and twenty to TAf<j»aw,tobekept fafeinward, E\ en thofe who were 
 IvHown for certain to"have principally moved and perlwaded the revolt from the Remaps. Con- 
 cerning the punifhment of the Senators o'iC^>fua-,Fulvim. and CL^ndnfs could not iy:e.e..ChudtHf ^ 
 was more tradable and exotable, and might have been loon entreated for a pardon. Fnlvms was *» 
 more rigorous, and proceeded to a harder courfe. Whereupon ^ppius put over the yir hole deci- 
 ding an^ decerminationihereof unto the Senate of iJomif. Alledging thji it was meet and requi- 
 fite°hat the LL.ot the Councill fhould have the examination of the caufc^and namely .upon ihefe 
 points, Imprimi-si whether they had complotied and combined in this acHon, with any of the 
 free burrou^h^ and Cities belonging to the Hate of the Lacines./r^w, whether they had apy help 
 and relief from thence in the time of the war, or from any other towns whatfoever ? But FuLvius 
 in no cafe would condef- end thereto nor fuffer that the minds offaithfuUandloyall allies fhould 
 be difqiiieted with doubtfuU furmiies and fofpiiions of any crimes ; and called in queftipn upoa 
 the appeachment and delatory informationof thofe that never yet made reckoning or conlUeDce, 
 either what ihey did ,or what they fa'd. And therefore he protefted to lupprefs that manner otL 
 pro.eeding,and crufh that inquif.tion for ever. After this communicacionthey departed afunder : 
 and ^pp-m msde no doubt but that howfoever his CoUegue fared and took on,givmg out fo 
 fhrewd and bitter words-he would yet take paufe ahd ftay for the letters from ^ow^ , c<Jncerning 
 fo weighty a bufmefs as this was. But Fdvius-, becaufe of his delignment brake up his keeping 
 of Ihr'e in his royall pavilion, and fent his officers and ordinary train out of the way, becaufe he 
 would not he hindred and empeached by them, in the courfe of his defignment ; and commanded 
 the Colonels and Captains of the Alies,to give warning unto two thoufandchofen men of arms, 
 for to be in readinels and prefent themfehes at a third found of the trumpet. With this power 
 ofhorlemen he fet forward by night, andmar».hedto Theanum : and by break of day entred the 
 oate and kept his way on into the market-place. At the firii entrance of the horfemen, the peo- ^ 
 pit ran tof'ether from all parts . -then hecaufedthechiefMagillrate (a Sidicin ) to be called, and 
 charged him to produce his prifoners the Capuans, whom he had in cuftody. When they were 
 ^ ^ allbronohtforth, they werefirdwhipped withrod?» andthen beheaded. From thenceherode 
 
 The^S:njtori ^ ^o^ ^^^^ ^^ c ales' where fo foon as he was fet on the Tribunall feat, in place of judge- 
 euicd.'"*"'" ment and the Capuan prifoners likewi'e prefented in pla.e and bound to the ftake; theirecame 
 a horfeman in poll from Rome^ and when he had deUvered letters from CXalphurKittsihe. Con- 
 ful ?nd the people oiRome unto Fulvius ; there ran a rumour from the Tribunal through all the 
 aflembly that the whole procefs againll the Campans was to be put off and referved entire to the 
 cen.ure and doom of the Lords of the Senate. And Fulvtus fuppofing it to be no lefs indeed af- 
 ter he took the letters, never brakethem up, but beftowed theminhisbofome, andga\ecom- j^ 
 mipdment to the Crier, to charge the Lif\or or executioner to dohisoffice, according to law, 
 Trius they alfo that were at C^i^^f were executed and fuffcreddeath.Thcnhereadtheietters.and 
 the order fet down by the Senate: but it was too late now to [fay that whi^h was done already 
 and pall and which indeed was hallened with all fpeed that might be, for fear it might have been 
 croHed andpevented. 
 
 Now asfv/w«( was ariling from thebench, TaureaJuhelUus, aCampan, paffing amidft the 
 throng, called by name aloud upon F«/w«i. Whereat Flaccus wondringwhacthe man meant, 
 fat hirn down a^ain upon his leat and demanded what he would : Marv(quoth be)command me 
 aifo to he killed that thou maieO boaB and glory »nother day that thou haft done to death abet- 
 ter mjnby Ut and much more valiant than thy felf. Surely fquoth Fluccm) thisfellow is lunatiek q 
 and not well in his wits: a rd again, were I minded to take his life horn him, laminhib'iedby 
 vertneof theadt of the Senate."*' Then(qHoth J«^f/V«f)''"'-Cbat my country is for ed and iolf, 
 *■• mv kinsfolk and triends in-de aw^y : feeing alfo thar I have vvith mine own hand mordred my 
 '••wire and children, beCMife they fhould Miffer no vijiannus indignity ; and may not my felt fo 
 <* much as die this death which my conntrimen here h:n e uiffered '-efore my lace, I will leek by 
 *• venue and manhood to cafe my (elf of this lite,fo tedious/o irkiomcjand odious unto me •• and 
 
 with
 
 The fix and ti^entieth Boo\^ of T.Li vius. 48 1 
 
 f^ with clut, he drew forth the skein which he had hid under his garment, and Habbed himfdf in JkbtUiiuiil. 
 thebrdl quite through his body jand thereat the fe€t ot theL.General fell down ready to dye in lethbimfclf, 
 the place, Forafmuch as both the execution of the Campans,and alfo themott pare otother mat- 
 ters were performed according to the willot flacc»s alone : fome there bethat write how y4vpi- 
 iis Claudiui died about the time that ( apitu was yielded. And that thi.s very fjme Taurett neither 
 cameto( tiUs of bis own accord,nor killed himielf:but that as be was a binding to theliake, be- 
 caufe the words which he uttered tenia not be heard for the confulednoiie otihepeople,there- 
 forcf/<«cr;:*; commanded dlcnce, and then T'rfwrf^ ipake thofe words before rehearlcd, namely. 
 That himfelf a right valiant and hardy man was put to death by a meaner perl'on than himfelf, 
 and much inferior to him in valour and vertue.Whcrest by the commandment of the Pro-Con- 
 £ ful the crier pronounced and faid : Go to Serjeant, let this brave and valiant inan have the more 
 ftore of rods bcftowed upon him,let him have good fcourj^ing, lay (inloadjandfetthelallies fure- 
 ly on,and let him be the hrH that you proceed again(t let liim havctbelaw to the full. Some there 
 bethat have written, how the aAoftheSenat was read before he proceeded to the beheading: 
 but bccau(e there was this ^ranc h or ciaul'e within the adt.Th.n it he thought I'ogood hefhould 
 Kferve the whole deciding ot the m.urer unto the Senat .-heconHrued it tl)U<;, th.u it was put to 
 hisdilcrction tor to weigh and corrlider whjt was moreprotit.ible to the Common-weal, This 
 done, he returned trom Calei to Cupua. AtelLtinA Ca/ana were both furrendred into his hands ; 
 where they alfo who were the thief beads of thofe ftates fuftered the like punifliment.Thus there 
 were about fourftorect the Senators put to death: and to the number wcil-neir of three hundred 
 
 Q Capuans (born ofnoble Woud)committedtoprilbn.Others of them vverebeHowed in fafeculio- 
 dy within diver. Cities of the I.atioes, and came tofum;ry unhappy end.?. The multitude befides 
 ot the Campan Citizens were fold outright. 
 
 It remained now toput to qnelHon and debate, what was to be done with the City and the 
 Territory thereto belonging And fome were of mmd , that a City to exceed ing mighty, I o near a 
 Beighbour,.-md fodangerous to Romi, Hiould be utterly rafed and deliroyed.But the conliderati- 
 onofaprcfent commodity and gain.took place and prevailed. For inregardof the territory and 
 land lying about it ( whuh was well known to be the moll fertile toil in all //.'(/>■, and yielded all 
 manner offruii)the City wasfavcd : whereinto thofe husbandmen that tilled the grounds might,. 
 retire themlebe,' and dwell. And for the peopling and inhabiting uhercot', there .vas a multitude 
 
 rj referved of the Inhabitants which were there already, namely of Libertines and enfran hifed 
 bondflaves, Merchants faftors, retailers, artizans^andtrat'tfmen who kept there iiill and remai- 
 ned. But the whole territory , and all publike edifices were feized to the ufe of the people ot Rome. 
 Morcover.order was taken5thatC/!p/»iiflioHld be inhabited only,and rep'enillied with people like 
 a City ; but noform of Common-weal,no Corporation no Senat5noaflcmbly of Commions.nor 
 Magidrate of their own Ihould be allowed therc.For without a common CouncilotState, with- 
 out magiftracy and government, withont intelligences and reciprocall commerce, as in the body 
 of a Commonalty, they luppofed, that they would never agree together in any complot, but be 
 tar unmeet to contrive a confpiracy and compafs alteration. As for a Provofi or Governor to 
 minidcr law,atxl execute jufiice among them, they purpofed to lend them one )Cir\y'si:om Rome. 
 
 f, Thu^ were the affairs ordered andcompofcd atr<?p.'<<i,by agood policy and ccmmendabkcourfe 
 every way. For thofe that were moR in fault and guilty were puniflied with rigour and thatfpee- 
 dily. The number ot Citizens were fcattered and difperfed fundry \vaies,withouc all hope to re- 
 turn again. The bare houles and walls that had not offended they were i'pared, and neither bur- 
 ned nor pulled down. And befides, the commodity and gain that accrewed unto theRomansby 
 this manner of proceeding, they won fome name of clemency and mercy among their Confede- 
 rates ana Allies : in that they laved a molt noble and wealthy City, at the ruins whereof all Ca>k- 
 pj/».',andas many States as bordered about Campane, would have grieved much, and groaned a- 
 gain. By this means alio the enemy was conlkained now to contcis, and could nototherwife 
 chut'e.how powerful and mighty the Romans were to chaftife and punifli their faithlcfs oilociats, 
 
 p yea.and how feeble .<f>»«.'^ii/was,and not able to defend and maintain tho;e whom he had recei- 
 ved into his protedion. 
 
 The Roman Pro-Confuls after they had liniflied and performed their charge itC afuA affigned 
 unto Claudiui Nero fix thoufand footmen out of thole two Leijions whicn he had Icfore Capua, 
 and three hundred horfemcn which he hadthofenhimfell: alfoof Latire Allies as many foot in 
 number and 800 horfe befides. This army A^rro embarked at Pute/li, and tranfported mtoSf<j;'». 
 When he was arrived at T:ir,!con^ after he had there landed hisfouldiers, and laid up hisfhipsin 
 dock and armed with all his marinersfto make thegteater number ) he marchedtoihe river Ibc' 
 r«i, where he received the forces of r.Fo»f e/V.'/>and L.Af<irr(«;,andt"rom thence advanced toward 
 the eaemies. 
 
 G Jifdn.hctl the fon of Amilcjr lay encamped at a place called the Black: flnnes^ in the Aufetans 
 coQBtry : it lieth between thctowns IlUtnr^ii and MentifA. Now Nem kept the narrow Hreights 
 ofthel'orreft there. .>f/t^r«/W,bec3ufe he would not be pent up info freight a room, fent an he- 
 rald ot meffenger of peace to him, who (liould make promife in his name, that if Nero would 
 permit him to pafs peaceably from thence, he would withdraw all his forces out o^ ^ptin. The 
 Roman Captain took this mcfiagc joyfully: and vf/^r«^j/requefted,That they might emparl the 
 next day, and dcvifcio-ethei how the Romans would let down conditions and articles inwri- 
 
 Tt 2 ting,
 
 -3^ 'The fix'anTme ntkthBool\o fT.Livms. 
 
 iir!<^, as touching ilie rerdry and aeliveryofihefortrefles in every City, and likewife of prefix- H 
 in<'''fome day, by which time the gnrnlonsftiould be removed and dilplaced, and the Carthaei- 
 rians have away all their bag and b-iggage wiihoni fraud and tovin. ^/^r«/'.;/ having obtained 
 hisrequca, preiently commanded, that in the very evening, and all night longthe heavielt and 
 molUumberfomepartof his whole army fliouldeicape whnt way foeverihey could out of the 
 euUetotihe forrelt. But hegaveefpecialldireilion, that they lliould not over many of them 
 ihai nioht "O forth, becaufe their fmall number was not only fitter to deceive the enemy, and 
 not fo loon to be difcovered, butalfo mightmorcealily pals through thofe narrow and diffi-, 
 cult pafl'a'^es. So the morrow they came to an entervievv and pari : where the time wasfpent of. 
 purpofe in tiiucb needlefs talk, and drawing of book?, more than caufe was : whereupon the day' 
 bein^faroone, ihebuhnefswasputoff uniothenext day. And the night enfuing bet ween,mi- I 
 nilUed Jfdruhaimprz time to fend others aw ay . And yet could not they make an end that day 
 neither Thus there pafled certain daies, cmploied in open fliew about ditpute and reafoning 
 of the articles and conditions of agreement, and the nights were befi owed in letting out the 
 Carthaginians clofely out of their Camp, Now^ after that the greater part of his holt was gone 
 away clear, then he began to wrangle and jar, yea, and to go Iromfome offers that he had 
 voluntarily made,and eve'r ihey were further andi'utiher otf from agreement. For yifdrubalihe. 
 kfs that he feared the lefs alio wastobetruflcd. And by this time in manner all his Infantry 
 wereootou'.ofthe'foirelf, and the next morning, not only the forreft, but all the plains about 
 were overcaft, and covered with a thick and foj;gy mift. Which Jfdrttbal perceiving, be lent 
 ameffen'^er lo Nero, requeuing to defer their farther conference and communication tothe-^ 
 morrow"; pretending, that the prefent day was a feliivall holy-day among the Carthaginians, 
 and therefore they mode f.rupleiipon it totoUow any other bufmefsbut ferve God. All this while 
 there was no fraud fo much as on.e fufpetled, j4(drnl?.jlh:id no fooner obtained refpite for that 
 day, but forthwith he and allhis Cavalry, together with his tlephnnts, dificdged, and without 
 any'noifeor Ifir recovered without any harm, a place of ferurity. By the fourth hour of the day 
 the fun hnddifpatched ardfcatteredihemilf, and cleared the sky, and then the Romans might 
 dilcover iheCamp of their enemies tmpty, and no crectiire :eft therein. Then at length, C/ais- 
 dius pcrceiviro that AlAnthd had fiiewed him a Carthaginian tri^k, and that he was at length 
 thus over-ran^htbv his falfhood and cunning praf^ice, began to make ouc after hini; mirding 
 tobidhimbartcll. But the enemy would none oft hat. and fell off. Howbeic there pafled fome L 
 fmall skirmil>.cs between the rerewarci ot theCarthaginiaijs. and the forlorn hope and vant- 
 courtiersofthe Rom^ins. AmidH thefe affairs ftke States of Spam ) neither they wiio revolted 
 after the overthrow ortheRomans,returnedagununco ihcm ; nor any new fell a way, more than 
 
 before. 
 
 At Ror»e^x\\e. Senate and people after the recovery oiCap.-i.ij took as great care lorS;>.iia now, 
 as for /m/; it felf. And agreed they were in generall, that the army there fliould be If rergthned 
 with newfor:es and a Generall thither lent: but whofliouldbeiheman was not yet concluded. 
 Fora^'much a<; rhey were to take fome extraordinary care in the cbufing of one to be lent thither, 
 where twoiingularand renowned warriors were Gain withinthecompafs of thirty daies,and to 
 Incceed in the room of thofe twain. Whiles fome nominated one, and fome another, at length M 
 they "rew to this point, that the people Hiould hold a folemnaflembly ( as it were, parchafed ) 
 for election of a Pro Conful to go over into S;).;/». And the Confuls accordingly proclaimed 
 a fetd.iy forthefaid aiTembly. Ac firlt there was great expedation that thofe perfons who took 
 ihemfelves worthy of fo great command fliould put forth themfclves, and prefer their own 
 names beforehand. But when this expectation failed and ^ame to noihing,every man began afrefli 
 to retricate and renew the former g:.ief, and mourn again for the lofles received, and to find the 
 want and mifsoffo valorous Captains whom they had lo!K Whereupon the whole City being 
 fadandpenf!ve,andinmannerdeifituteof all goodcounfell, andnot refolved whatto do in this 
 hard cafe, came yet down into A-farsdcld upon the day appointed for the eleflion. Every 
 mans eye was upon the MagiHrates, and beheld the countenances of their great men and Ru-j^ 
 lers. howiheylooked one upon another, grieving and grumbling that the State was at fo low 
 an ebb, and the Common-weal g- own to to deiperate a cafe, that no mandurft befeentotake 
 upon him the Government and Province oiSfa<». Then all of a fudden, P. Cornelius (his ion 
 that was flain'inSpw, a youngGcntleman, not fully four and twenty years old j fliewed bim- 
 felf, and faid. That he would undertake that charge uponhim : and therewith (lepped up into 
 an higher place,lrom whence he might bel'een and there he (lood.Upon whom, when all men had 
 cart their eye?, and viewed him well, in a generall accord and favourable affetVion unto the man, 
 ihey wifhcd unto him (fraightwaies a happy and fortunate government. And when the affcm- 
 bly was willed to givetheir fuffr^iges, znd go to afcrutiny, there was notone Century from the 
 firlUothe h(V, nor one perfonfromthe higheft to the loweft,but gave their voice with?. Sci- q 
 fio for to take a voyage as L.Depucy \i\ioSpai». But after the thing was pafled, and their pafTi- 
 onate heat of aifeftion once allaied, they were on a fudden driven into a flill filence and deep 
 dump, to think v\'hat adrange ond new cleed they had done. Andtli,atwhich they bethought 
 them!'elve=: moll of, was this, that favour h/.d carried them away in this adtion more than the 
 doeconfiderationand regard of his age. Some there were that had in dread and horror the omi- 
 nous fortune alfo of thatVamily ; and the namcof him that out ot two mournfull houfes was to
 
 The fix and ttpentietb Boo\ of ToLivius- 
 
 Ago into ihofe Provinces where be murt fight amongfi the Sepulchres both otTacher s/, , . ^. " 
 WhenSc/)iwper>;eivedjthatprefeDtly upon the eleftion palled in lo harty a nc,chc peop!. 
 be heavy and penfne ; he called them to an open audience, and there before thcrn all div. .■. 
 of his young age, of the government committed unto him, and of the future war thacho v ; 
 manage: and that with fo noble courage and hauty Ipirit, that he renewed atrcfn and kindi, ' 
 gain Che former zeal and heat that was fo cooled; and polTeiVed mens minds with more aiiuici 
 hope than ufually mans taiihfuU promife, or reafon grounded upon the.confidence of precedents 
 pa(i, or any earthly thing is wont to afford and wairant. For S«;!i# was a rare and wonderful! 
 man, not only in regard ofthofetruevertues inherent in him : but alfo for that he had framed 
 B himfelf even from his young and tender years, by artifidall means, to the better feitino out of 
 thole inbred parts and qualities ot his own : making lliew and femblant before the multitude, 
 that the molt things whi^-h be did, were either reprefented unto him bynight-vinonsand appa- 
 ritionsorelleluggeHed, as it were, by revelation from the gods above ; were it that hewasfu- 
 perrtitiouflygiven,and his mind wholly potlcffcd therewith, or that by his poli>.y be might effe(it 
 his deGgnments, and have his commandments performed with more expedition, as if they were 
 direitions delivered from the Oracles and the very month of the gods. Over and belides that, he 
 made this overture to credit and reputation, and prepared mens minds in this fott from his very 
 firlt beginning. From the very time that he on eput on his mans govvn, there was no day went 
 over his head, but before he began his own private buhnefsior enccrprifed anypubhke affairs^he 
 
 C would go into the Capitoll: and fo foon as he was entred into the Temple, there lit him down, 
 and alone by himfelf bellow a good time in ibme fecret lie and corner thereof. This ordinary 
 manner of his,whik.h he continued all his life long, (were it of purpofcconfideratly.or by chance 
 unadv ifedly^ made divers men beleeve verily, that it w.isatruth indeed, which was commcniv 
 fuppofed and reported,That the man had a god to his father. Which deep and fetled ima'^inaciop 
 of the people, refembled and renewed again the like fame fin allthe wor:d)tothat whi.h went 
 before and was bruited abroad of yJlex.vider the great, and for the vanity and fabulous fpeech {)f 
 iolk,was the very fame and all one in every refped : namely, that hismothercon.cived him by a 
 mighty great ferpcnt : for that very often in her bed-chamber there was fcenfomefuch prodi'^i- 
 ous and wonderfuU thing,and ever as any body came in, it would wind away of a fiiddenjand ya- 
 
 D nifh out o: h;',ht. Thefe Ikange and miraculous conceits he would never himielf elevate and (Jif- 
 creditas toies and vanities,but rather chcrifli and encreafe the opinion thervof.by a ceicain cun- 
 ning raft of l:is own, in that he would neither deny and difavow any I'uch matter, nor yet afiiriti 
 pLiinh; and verifie the fame. Many other devices he had of like fort,' partly true indeed, partfy 
 feigned and counterfeit, which caufed men beyond all mcafure to have this youP:^ ma;! in yvcn- 
 derfull admiration. Upon the llrong and grounded prefumption whereof, the City at that time 
 conferred upon him ffar unmeet J wot, in regard oi his unripe years) fo great a government and 
 a world withall of weighty and important afiairs. 
 
 Behdesthe forces which remained in Sp/« of the old army,and thofe which were tranfpoited 
 over from Puteoli with Claudius Nero., he had a fupplement alfo of ten thoufand foot, and one 
 
 E thoufand horfemen : and to alfilf intheconduilof his wars, he had as coadjutor appointed unto 
 
 - him yl/.y;<«/«/Syi7^»«(thePro Prxtor.Thus with s fleet of thirty fhips, (and Galleys there were 
 alloffivebanksofoarsjhetookthefeas,and fet fail frcmthemouth of /j/Jrfjjndcoiiiingalon'^ 
 the Tufcan Teas under the Alfs., and through the gulph of Galliay he doubled at length the point 
 and cape di Pjrene^ and disbarked 31 Empona a.C'ay of Greeks; ( for defended they are alio 
 from ?/;<;ir<s.?) and there he fet his people a l.md. From thence, having taken order that his fhips 
 fhould follow after, he marched by land to Taracoa, whiLh he appointed for the i?;Wf;j;,z/ox*^ 
 where all his allies and confederats(forat the wonder and fame of his landinc,there flocked Erri.- 
 baffadors unto him from all parts of the Province ) fliould meet together at a oenerall Diet. 
 There he commanded that the fhips fliould be befto wed in their docks, fave only three Galleys 
 
 F (of three ranks)\vhich came from MajJi/es,3.T)d upon curtelie and kindnefs accompanied him from 
 home,and thole were fent back again. Then he gave audience to the Lmbaffadors. who huo" in 
 doubtful! fufpence by reafon of the variety and ot fundry changes and chances that lately h:.d hap- 
 iied, and to them hebegjnto return anfwer, and give them their feveralldifpatches; b'jt with 
 fuch afpirit and boldnels (upon confidence that he had in his ownraretertues ) thatheletnbc 
 fall in all his fpeech one word that might move quarrell, and favoured of rigour, and yet vvhatfo- 
 everhefpake.it carried ancxceedingmajel^y with it and a lingular credit. Being departed froni 
 Taraco>!^hc viiited both the States of the Allies,and alfo the (landing wimring camps of the army: 
 where he highly commended the fonldiers, tor that notwithllanding they had received two 
 fhrewd blows,upon two fo great defeats one in the neck of another, yet they held the Province 
 
 G ftill,and kept the field ; and not futfering the enemies to reap and talk the fruit of their fortunate 
 viAories, and kept them out of all the countries lying within /^i'rwj, »nd defended faithfully al! 
 their confederals according to the truR repofed in ihtm.M-trtius he had in his train alwaies about 
 him; whom he fo highly honoured that it was very well feen,he feared nothing lefs than that any 
 other man fliould eclipfe or fludow his glory. Then SyHunus fucceeded in place of AWo, and the 
 nevy ibuldiers were brought into the ftanding winter leaguers, and Sapio having reviewed al! the 
 Cities and the States that he was to furvey, and performed all other affairs that were then to be 
 done,retircd and withdrew himfelf to Tdrncor. 
 
 Tt 3 The
 
 .§4 Jhe~Jxmd me ntieth Bool\ o f TLWms. 
 
 , The fame of Sapto was r.olefs bruiced among the enemies, thanit was rife with his own Ci- H 
 tizens and lovin" allies : and a certain prefage went withall of thefuture event, which carried (as 
 oood hap was ) tlie ^^reater fear and dread with it, as there was lefs realon that could be rendred 
 °Dd "iven thereof. °f hey had betaken themlelves into their wintring harbours far diftant and re- 
 mote alunder A^drubd the fon of Ci<fgo even as far as to the Ocean lea lide unto Cadis : Mago 
 into the midland parts.and etpecially above the forelt and chafe of CafiuU. And JfdriibJ\.\\i fon 
 of AnnlcAT wintred neArcIt unto Iberns about SagmtHm. 
 
 Intheverycndot that fiimmer, when C«p.i was won, and 5f//)/» come into 5/);i/>?, ihcCar- 
 thaoin'ian Arm.ido wbi>h wasfent tor out oiStcily to Tare>itum,iotio intercept the \ic\uals,and 
 empeachihefamcforcomingtotheRomangarriionihat heldtheCaftle of Tarentum-, had ve- 
 lilv rtopped all the parages irom the fea to the faid Caft le : but by their long abode in thole parts, I 
 andketpinf'ibeieislour.^htly, they had cau!ed a greater dearth and karaty of visuals among 
 their own tnends than their enemies: for there could not by the help of thofc Carthaginian fliips 
 lb much corn be along the ri^ cr that was pollefled by friends^nor from the open ports,for to fur- 
 ni(h the townlmen ok TarentHm^ as the navy it felt cor.fumed and fpent in maintenance of that 
 rabb'e ot fea-mf n, failers, and mariners, mingled of all forts of people. So as the garrifon of the 
 Callle btifobm few in number ihere was able to be lulfained by the provifion they had afore- 
 hand without the help ofany new brought in unro them: whereas iheTaremins and the Navy 
 could' not ha vefuffiuentconveighed unto them: by realon whereof, at length the Armado had 
 leave to depart thence with more thinks of the City, than they had for their firlt hten-vemihi- 
 ther And yet viauals were not muchchc3per,becaufe when the help by fea wasgone.therecouldK 
 rocorn.it all be brought from other parts abroad 
 
 At the end ofthe very fame fummer, wvizn M. MayceliM wascometo theCiry out ot Sicily^ 
 his own Pro .ince, C.Ca'vharmtis the Pritoraffembled the Senat for his fake in the Temple ofBel- 
 l nc. Where after he haddifcourledo:' theaflsby him atchieved,and complainedaftera mild 
 and*mode(Uort,laying open his griefs, not fo much inthebehalf of himfelf.as of his fouldicrs: 
 in that when he had performed and accomplifbed his charge and commiiTion in his Province, he 
 coudnot havelicen ctobringhomehis army with: hedem,inded that hemight be allowed to 
 rideintriumph intotheCity: buthecould not obtain it. This matter was much canvaffed 
 and debated, pod- comra. Whether it were lefs meet and conven'ent.,to deny him triumph being 
 now prefent.in whole naire whiles he was abient.tor the tortunat luccels and good fpeed of all at- L 
 fairs under his conduit and government, there wasafolemn procefTion decreed, and facrifices 
 done to the honour of the immortali gods: or togranthirn triumph (as if the war were fully ti- 
 niflied) whom the Senate hiid commanded to make over his army to his fucceflor; which lurely 
 thev w ould never have decreed, but that the war remained Hill within the Province : and efpeci- 
 allv feein^ the army it felf was away,the belt witnefs fimply, whether he had dcfcrved a triumph 
 or no. At len"th,a middle and indifferent courfe between Both was agreed upon,namely,that he 
 fhould enter the City ovant in a petty triumph. And the Tribunes ot the Commons, by the ap- 
 probation firft of the Senate, propofed unto the people, that M. Murcelltu Oiould the lame day 
 that became ovant into the City retain ftill his full authority and governmenc.The day before he 
 entred the City he rode in triumph upon the mount Albanut^ and from thence, in ovant wife heM 
 « H „• fentarithbootybeforehimintotheCity.Therewascarriedinthispompthecounteifeit ofthe 
 mrpbetb ' City 5vr«^*./. won, crosbows, brakes, (landing flings, and all other warlike mflrument: belides, 
 the ornaments teflifying long ard cortinuall peace, and the great wealth and treafure of the 
 Kin'^s • as divers veffels o\ filve°rand brafs curioufly wrought ; other houfhold furniture alfr,-ich 
 hanoinosoftapidry, and garments of great price; many goodly images and right noble (iatucs, 
 wherewith SyxAcJc was adorned and beautiHcd,even with the belt and principal Oties oiCrecct. 
 ]n token alio ofaviaory over the Carthaginians, there were eight Elephants broiight inafliew. 
 Andthatwhich was notthelcaft fight and fpeaade to behold^^o/rnheSyracufun, and J/wr«* 
 the Spaniard went afore with crowns of gold upon their heads. The one of them was the guide 
 when 5yr^f*./> was entred in the night feafon: and the other betraied A/^^wnd the garrifon there. ^ 
 Both thefe were enfranchifed Citizens of Rome, and had fifty acres of land a piece granted unto 
 them for ever. S./J;had his land fet out in the territory of Srr.rf«/r,which either belonged to the 
 Kinos.orto the enemies ofthe peop'e o'iRome, and a dwelling houle ( chufe where he would in 
 %ir^ct,{c of al. tholethat were feized uponby tight ofcoriquc(^.)Asfbr ^.r/V«^and the Spaniards 
 that with him Red from the enemies, and fded unto the Romans, they had afligned unto them a 
 City to inhabit and land to occupy inS;f//y,which fometimc belonged tothem that had revolted 
 frotn the people of Komc^hv^^ order was given to M.Corndtu^ for to appoint them the faid City 
 and land wherefoeier hcthoughtgood.And in the lame territory there were allotted and let out 
 four hundred acres of land unto Sf %-?««, by whole means Mericm was allured and induced to 
 Icavetheadver'.e part and turn to the Romans. ^., ^ , . - ,•.,,•, ^ 
 
 Afterthat M.^rcelUu was departed out ofS/o7^the Navy ofthe Carthaginian»disbarked eight 
 tbou'and footmen and three thoufandNumidianhorfcmen.Unto them revolted the Murgantinc 
 iand and Hyblh together with MaqcU-.ind. other fmall piles of bafeaccount, took exambleby 
 them' and followed after.The Numidians with their Captain ^«f.«tf/,ranged over all S/n/;,3nd fi- 
 led the towns and villages belonging to thcaffociats of the people o\Rome. Over and befides all 
 fhi^the Roman army there>ing difcontented and angry , partly , for that together with their Gc-
 
 The fx and mentietb Bool^ of T. Li vius. 48 ^ 
 
 The Oration 
 
 "1 
 
 A nerilljthey were not licenced to go out of the Province : and parrly/or thatthey were forbidden 
 and debarred, for wintringin any good towns; demeaned themfclves Hackly and lazily in their 
 military fer; ice: infuchforc-,asiUherehadbeenahead to lead them as they had a heart to move 
 them they would have mutined and rebelled. Amongthefe troubles and difficulties, ^/.(orw/z- 
 M the Prartor, both appeafed and mittigated the Homacks of the fouldiers,as well by comfortable 
 words.as by rebukes and checks : and alfo brought under his obedience and fubjedion;all thofe 
 Cities which had revoked.Of which he accordingio the former ai^ of the Sen3te,allctted /if«r- 
 fAnttato the Spauiards,unto whom both a City and land to it was by order afortfaiddiie. Both 
 the Conful: who had the government of the Province Apnlui-, feeing there was lei's caufe of fear 
 Band terrournow f.om thcCarthriginians and Annib.il, were commanded to cafr lots between 
 them for the Provinces of ^</;)rV;<i and A'tacedonia. So M.ued:iniAW\ij[\nr\x.o Sulpitiw. znd he fuc- 
 cecded there inUead of Lt%>innt. Fidvius was lent for home to Romc^ about the eleition of the 
 Conliils. And when he held the folemn aflembly ofthe people, for the choice and >.reation of the 
 Coff.The Century of the younger Citizens, which had the prerogative to give their firlf voice-.de- 
 dared T,M.v,:l us Tcrcjuattu^ and T. Ocl^ialnu for Conluls. A-fa>i/iiis being there preicnt in placC) 
 when the multitudecame about him to congratulate with, God gi.e you joy.^c, ( for that there 
 was no doubt, but the whole body ofthe people would approve this choice ofthe t^rft Century^ 
 came with agreat company about him to the tribunall feat of effatc where the Conuil fat : and 
 made reqcied unto him, that he woud give him the hearing of fome few words, and command 
 C that prerogative century which had giventheir voi.es to be called back again fo a newf.rutiny. 
 And whenevery wan was attentive and expec>ed what he fliould demand, healiedgedforhisex- 
 cufe a pair of ill eye". "• For a (hamelels Pilot ot a Oiip is he, and as impudent a General! of an ar- 
 *'my(' quoth he) who having to do all by other mens eyes, would require to have the goods it Ma I'-u 
 " andlives of other men to be put intotheir hands. And therefore may it pleafe your honour to to the Confnl * 
 ''command this Century of the younger fort to give their voices anew, and in treating Confuls, 
 to remember the war that is loItMy^ toconliderof the troubiefomeflate of theCommon- 
 weal,and to think ofthis,That fcarcely yet mens ears have had any refiijince they refounded and 
 " rung again with the noiles and alarms, that the enemies railed within thefe few months, when 
 '' they lay in fiege neer unto the wals of Rome.Bat at'ter thefe words, when the laid Century cried 
 D with one accord, that they were ofthe fame mind (till, and would nominate the fame Confuls a- 
 gain, and none other ; thtnTonjrjstus, '" Neither (quoth he) fliall I be able, if IwercConiul to 
 '"bear With your fafliions and conditions,nor you again endure my rule and commandment. To 
 *• the Icrutiny therefore once again, and think how the Carthaginians war within /f.?/v,and Jf«»,-. 
 "^,:/is thcGcnerallof the enemies.Then the Century moved as well by the authority and reve- 
 rence of the mans perlon, as by theapplaufe and admiration ofthe people, whowondredathis 
 vcrtue befought t heConful to call forth and cite a Century ot the elder b3nds:for that they would 
 wiUingly conter with more ancient men than themfelves? and by their i'age advice and good di- 
 rei^ion nominate the Conluls. When thofe elders were caiicd to this Century, there was Ibmc 
 time allowed for to commune apart fecretly with them, within the: place railed in, called Oviie, 
 E Thefe ancients laid unto them, thatthey were to confult of three pcrfons, whereof two already 
 werefull ofhonourabledignities,whichthey hadborn^towit ,^.f -!y/«jand .I^.Marce/ius. But 
 verily,(fay they )in cafe ye would have fome new Cof.to becholen, for to be oppofcd aoainft the 
 Carthaginians, yehavc Af.t^Merius Ltevn^ui, a notable man, one who hathperformedfinfulac 
 good lcrvice,andatchieved many noble deeds;boihby fea and land agair.iiKing /'/?///». So when 
 they had three propounded unto thcm.^the elJer were dilmidcd and the youngerentredintoafe- 
 cond fcrutiny ; and declared for Conluls, AI.CLiudius J/.«-cf//.7.f(ghttcring: sen in the prime of his 
 glory, for the late fubduing and conqueft of Sinly ) and Mydentu. who was abfent, Thisfore- 
 dom and choice ofthe prerogative Century, all the relt followed after. and by their fuffrages con- 
 firmed. "•' Let them mock on now and feoff hercat all they that have nothing in admiration but 
 p" antiquity and things done in eldei time.For mine own part,if there be any fuch City and Com- 
 " mon-wealth at all, coniilfing of wife men and Philofophcrs,asfome great Clarks have rather 
 " imagined in their fanhes,than found in effeifl;! dare be bold to think Sc fay,that in it there could 
 '" not poflfibly be either rulers and Magillrates more grave and temperate in their defireofdi'^nity 
 '^ and government ,or a people better mannered, nurtured, and inliru£ted. But that it fhould be 
 " thought an unlikely matter and Icarce credible that a Century ofyoungerperfons were willing 
 '^to confult with theelder.and be advifedby them to whom they fliould give their voices,torto 
 ••becreaied the chief Magillrates ; it is thecorruption of this outage that is the caufe: wherein 
 "we fee how fmall reverence and authority even parents themfelves have, and of how flender 
 " and bafe account they be amonglf their own naturall children. l 
 
 After this followed the Election of Prxcors, wherein were created P. AUhIius Volfo, and L. ' 
 G M^nlius Acidinus.C.LeRorius.iwd L.Cindus Alimentus. When this Eledlion was finiflied it for- 
 tuned that news came, how T.OSiaalius (whom the people, as it feemed, would havechofenin 
 hisabfence to match T, Aianlatsin the Confulfliip, but that the ordinary courfe of the election 
 wasdiftutbedand flopped) departed this life in S/a/y. The Apollinare games in the former year 
 had been exhibited ; and when Calfhurmus the Praetor put up a bill, and moved the Senate, that 
 they might be celebrated again that year alfOjthere pafled a decr^e,That they (hould be vowed to 
 continue from time to time for eter. 
 
 The
 
 ■ Scltvonla. 
 
 Cerpbu, 
 
 » Zanto, . 
 
 7 he fix and nventktbBoo\ o/T.Livius, 
 
 The fame year certain prodigious tokeris were feen and reported. In the Temple oi Concordia ^ 
 the Imaoeof ^/So/'i'jWhich flood upon the lantern and lop thereof was fmitcen with lightning, 
 and beinc (haken and driven from its own place, relied fali upon thofe other Images ot Fiilory 
 that were fixed in the foretrom ot the faid Temple, and fell not down trom ihen:e. Word alfo 
 wasbrouohtjThai in AnagniaindiFregelUi\\s. walls and the gates were likewile blafted and ftruc- 
 ken with tire from heaven : and that in the market place of Sudemim there ran ftreams of bloud a 
 whole day together : That in Eretuzn it rained (lones : and that in Rejte a female mule brought 
 forth a folc. Thefe flrange and wonderfullfigns were purged and expiate with greater facrifices: 
 and a folemn fupplication proclaimed; wherein for onedaythe people fliould wholly attend 
 their devotions, and pray unto the gods: and likewile a Novendiallfacrifice. In that year died I 
 ceriainpublikePrieltsof Stateiand new were chofen in their flead. Caiw Lmw in the room of 
 M.Pomfoniut Mat ho the High Prielt : and M. Servi It m -,10 lupply the place of Sp,Carvilius Maxt- 
 j»«/>ihe Arch- Augur. And forafmuch as T.OElaaLus MaximfiJ,ihe Prelate or Bifhop,died when 
 the year was expired, there was none nominated fortofucceedhim. C. ClattdiHs the Arch-fla- 
 mineof Jupner loit hisFlaminfhip, and was deprived of that Sacerdotall dignity, bccaufehe 
 had committed anerrour infacriticing, when he fliould minifler and diftributethe inwards of 
 the bealh 
 
 About the fame time M. ty£mylius Levims ( after he had by fecret conferences founded afore- 
 hand and follicited the minds of the jttolian Princes and great LL. ) came with a fmall fleet of 
 {hips lightly apppoimedjto their general Diet or Councill,lummoned before for that purpofe on- K 
 ly. In which lolemnaflembly, after he had made declaration, " That Syr ^c^p and C^p;/<« were 
 "won, and undertheprocei^ionofrhe people of Rome-, and what good fuccefs they had in the 
 *' affairs and warsof //<»/>': anddifcourfed behdes, That the Romans, according to their ancient 
 *'cuflome, received by traditioB from ibeir forefathers, nfed to refpedt and make much of their 
 "• Allies: audnamely, That either they received them into the City ot Rowe, and endued them 
 " with the fame franhifes that they themlelvesenjoyed, or elfe dealt fo liberally with therao- 
 *' thervvifc^thac chey liked of their condition fo wel,as they cho'e rathf r to be allies than Citizens; 
 " he protelkd and faid, That the iEtolians fliould be much more honoured amongft them than 
 ''all others, for that they were the hr(f that of all forrain nations beyond lea, entertained league 
 " and amity with them. As for King Phil'p and the Macedonians,their heavy friends,& dangerous L 
 *' neighbours, hehad lo danted their courages, abated theirforces,and driven them to that pafs, 
 *'that not only they were forced to abandon thofe towns, which by violence they had taken 
 " wrongfully from the ^f.tolianSibut alio had much ado themfeh es to keep U^^iccdof^)' it felf qui- 
 "et and without perill of hoftiliiy: promifing withall,That he wou'd bring and reduce the Acar- 
 *' n^niansCforwhom the ^tolians were fo difcontented and grieved, that they were dil'membred 
 *' from the body of their State)under their ancient form of jurifdiffion and feignory again.Thefc 
 relations and promifesmadeby the Roman General,were confirmed and aflured unto them by the 
 authority and countenance of S«pA((who for the time was the Prxtor or head Magiftrate of that 
 State Jand of X)cr/7w^ic-/'«/aPrinceof the Atolians, who with lefsmodefly and greater affeverati- 
 on and confidency extolled and magnified the greitnefs, power, and majeOy of the people oiRomt. M 
 The principall matter that induced and mpved them was the hope ot recovering and keeping A- 
 car»ania. Whereupon,there were conditions drawn &: engroffed, under which they (houldjoyn 
 in league and friendfliip with the people of ^owf. And this branch wasadded toihereftof the 
 defeaz?.nces,That if they were lopleafed, and liked well of it,therefhouldbecomprizedinthe 
 fame league and priv Hedges, the Eleans and Lacedsmonians, together with AitJtis,P/efiratMs,it)d 
 ScerdtletMs : of which three, Attains was King of ^y»<? the lefs,the other were Princes and Poten- 
 tates of* Illyr:cu>».Thc articles ran in this form. Imprimis^ That the i£tolians fliould immediat- 
 ly make war by land with King Philip. ItemJ'hit the Romans at fea fliould help with twenty ga- 
 liaces at the lea(l,bearing five ranks of oars. Afw, As touching all theCities that fliould be con- 
 quered (beginning from ty^iolia^\o far as to * Corcyra ) that the ground whereon the Cities were N 
 feated,the edifices, the walls, and the lands thereto belonging, fliould be feized to the ufe of the 
 j£tolians: all other goods and chattels ell'cfhould be a prize for the people oi Rome.Item^l\\ti if 
 the jtrolians hapned to make peace with PA/Af, it muff pafs with this claufe and provifo, that 
 the peace fliould Hand good upon thiscondition. That PhUip iHMin to make war upon the Ro- 
 mans and their Allies andallthofe that lived under their dominions. Item^ In cafe the people of 
 Rome fortuned to piece again, and be confederate with the King, they fliould put in a caveat and 
 provifo,that he might have no liberty to war upon the jEtolianSvOr their afiociates. Thefe were 
 the covenants agreed upon : and being fair engrofled two years after into a pair of indentures the 
 one of them remained for the iEtolians in £)/;w/>/<»,the other for the Romans in their CapitoU, 
 among other facred records and monuments, for a perpetuallmemoriallioallpoflerity. The© 
 occalion of ib great delay was becaufe the Embatfadors of the jEtolians were ftaid and kept 
 very long at Rome. But that was no let nor hinderance at all to the proceedings in the wars. 
 iFor the v£tolians prefently made warupon Philip : and L^vimt conquered * ZAcynthns ( a little 
 Ifland near to t-/£f o//.t, having a City within it of the famename, which he forced by alTault, all 
 fave the Calf le)likewife * Oenmdte and * iV<i.v«.f,which he won from the Acarnanians before •• and 
 
 all thefe he gave to the jttolians. And luppofing that Philip having his hands full of the war 
 upon his own frontires had no time to think upon /r«/;, and the Carthaginians) and to tnind 
 
 the
 
 The fix and twentieth Bool^ of T. Li vius. 487 
 
 A the covenjncs that pafled between Anml'al and him, he retired himfelf into Corcjra. 
 
 i*/?//;;) lying in winter harbor within /"^//.t, was advertized ot the * j£tolians revolt. Therefore * jimxs.Se. 
 becaufe he minded at the prime ot the Spring to ^ondui"t an army into Ori-rf, to the end that P^MOiatZhM 
 >I^^cf^o;j>' and the Cities bordering thereupon, fliould not bemoleHedby thelllyrians, whom ''"''^^'S"' 
 he fuppofed would be at quiet and not tHr, ir'thcy were once frighted vvitii the harms of others, 
 he made a fudden rode and expedition into the marches of the Oricin^ and Apolioniats: and 
 when the Appolloniats iiTued forih againft him, he repelled them, and with creac fear and terror 
 drave them within tlieir walls. After he had wafted theionfinesnext toilielllyrians, he turned 
 his forces with like celerity and fpeed imo Pe/a^oiir. and then wonby adaulta City of the 
 BDardanians,fituateinthcfrontiresof M.icedjma^ through which theDardaniijns meant to have 
 their pafijg?. And when he had pcr'ormed thefe exploits in great haHe,not forgetting how the 
 iEtoliansand Rom^niboth maintained waragain'f him joyntly, he d^Kendffd through PcLg^o' 
 »iin, N'ymplen^n^ and Hofra. \moThe{fiily ; luppofngvtriiy that the people of thofe countries 
 might be incited to wape war together with him againlf the. ttolian';. And leaving there bet:ind 
 him (at the (ireight ot Thelfi.h)Pcrfe:» tourthouland Hrong, tor to debar the ^-Etolians entrance 
 that way: him'.elfinperfon, before that he fliould be occupied in greater affairs, led forth his 
 army into A/.iff^c?«M, and from thence into Thracia, and fo forward agiinli the Medians. That 
 nation was wont to make incurfions, and lo invade ^Arniswy, whenloever they couid jjcrceive 
 that the King was either bufied in other wars, or his Realm disfurnif-u-d and ilenderly provided 
 Q of good gard and ftron^ garril'ons. He began therefore to forrage and fpoil the territories about 
 Phraq^and*, and to alTiult lan/phorinn^ the principall City and chief iirength of that Region 
 yAedict, 
 
 ScopM having intelligence that the King was gone into Thr^iclajind kept there occupied in the 
 wars, put all the fervii cable youngmen ot JE'olui in arm>. and prepared war againll A'-amania. 
 The nation of the Acarnians, albeit they were both in (trength unequall.and alfo fa w a!ready,that 
 ihey had loll the walled City of the OnnideS', and Maxas : and knowing wel!,thit the Roman for- 
 ces would come upon them befides : rather upon anger than any good conmeil and advifement, 
 made p;eparation for war.and refolved to meet them. Their wi'.es and children, and elder per- 
 lon> (ul has were above forty years of age,they fcnt away into £p:n/f.adjoyninf, near unto them. 
 D Of all that were fifteen years old and upward unto threcf;ore,thcy took afolemn oath, that they 
 would never return back without vi.^ory. They laid alio s heavy cade andcrueilmaledidion jp- 
 on all thofe of their own nation : and framed amoil humble requed.inascflciluiilterms as they 
 could devi.'e,unto all their tiiendi, that none ofthem fbould entertain witbi'i flidrCices, their 
 doors and houl'es, nor admit to their table, any one of them that were vanqniQied, and fled ouc 
 of the field: yea,andbelbught withalhhe Epircns togathcr tof;.ethci- the ded bodies of as many 
 of them as fhould chance to beflaininbattell,andto inter them al' in or^egrai-eanderefta tomb 
 and monument over them, with an Epitaph and infcription to this etTcfl; Here Lc buried and en- 
 tombed the Aearnaniansi who fighting in defence »f their country, a^uinfl the vtoleice a ;d in';Hries of 
 the £.tolians-,lofl their lives wvjrfwZ/yiwf/jf^t'/i;/. By tUis means, when their Courage j wereenkind- 
 £led and incenled they enramped thcmfelves in their utmoft frontiers, abiding thecoming of their 
 enemie^.And havingdilpat.hed melTengers to /^/3fAo,togivenoti.eto him in what jeopardy they 
 Itood they conli rained him to give over that war which he liad in handjconfidering that fawpho- 
 rin^ was furrendrcdup into his hands.and that he had fpcd welotherwife in the rell of hisaffarrj. 
 They£tolians,upon the firll fame that wa< blown abroad of that folemn oath, taken by the Acar- 
 nanians,were wel cooled, and not fo halty to fet forward: but hearing once of PhUip his coming, 
 they were driven to retire again as far as polltbly they could within their own confines.Neither 
 Phi/ip for his part marched on further than to Cline (notwithflanding that he made great ipecd a- 
 fore, and took long journies ; for tear that the Acarnaniansfhouldbefurprized, before he could 
 reach unto them)t'or fo foon as he heard that the Atolians were retired, he himfelf alfo returned 
 funto Pelh. .;ii5Nn:;-i 
 
 Levinus in thebeginning of the fpring,took the fea.and loofed from Conyr.t^ and having dou- 
 bled the point of Lf«(r<i:«f,and failed as far as A^,r«/)«?ff«w,there he publiflicd and gave knowledge, 
 Tiiat he would fhape hifcourfe from thence for Anticyra : and that Sc^p^* and the jfitolians 
 fliould there meet him and be in readinel's. This Anticyru is fituate in Locns, on the left hand,as 
 ye enter into the gulph of Corinth. Bylanditis afmall journey thither from N^ipiHum., and as 
 iliort acutby fea.So wifhinthree daies at'terthey began to aflailtheCity on both (ides. The fier- 
 cer affiult was from thelca lide, both becauicthey had intheirfliips engines of battery, and o- 
 ther ordnance and artillery ot all forts ; and alfo, lor that the affailants from that part were Ro- 
 mans. So within tew dales the City was yielded up, and delivered again unto the ittolians, the 
 pillage thereoffell to the Romans fhare, accordingto covenant. There L.«i;/;;«^ received letters 
 Gf'om /Jcwfjfpecifyino thus much That he was declared Conful in hisabfence,and P.St,lpitiuiyvis 
 coming to fucceed him in the Province: butby occafionthat he lay therefickof alongdifeafejhc 
 came 10 ^owr later than all men expelled, 
 
 Af. i*/^r«//«/entting his Confulfliip upon the Ides of Afarch, aflembled the Senat that day, 
 only lor form and order lake : ■■' for he made open profcflion there,that during the abfence of his 
 ''Collegue, he would treat of no matters, either concerning the (bte of the City, or thePro- 
 "• vinccs.But this proteftatien he uttered wiihallj apd faid : That he knew full well that there were 
 
 " many
 
 " many Suiluns in the toyvns and villages near nnto theCiiy,bwkbJiers and flandercrs of him, \{ 
 \'vvho for has own pArt he wasfofar offfrom hi;idrirg, but that they might freely for all^im, 
 ," divulgate and publifli abroad in Rome all xhofe crimes vyhith were deviled and Ipoken againli 
 *'himby his adverl'ariesjthat were itnotth.it ihey pretendedlomefejirforrooth, to charge the 
 *'CoDfoi with any matters, in the abfcncect'hisCollegue,he would liraightwaies givetheipiau- 
 '■' dience in the berate: but fo loon verily as my brother Conliilis come bome,l wil not quoth he, 
 " I affure yoUjlui^er any one matter to be debated here., before that thofe Sicilians be lent tor into 
 .'• the Senate houfe. And 1 underhand that M, Corn^l.us hath taken generall fearch like a mutter 
 " over 3ll5/c;7)', to the end there mfight come ? Diiqnber to Kpm~ with complaints of me: ,h? alio 
 " vvith letters full ofuntruths hath buzzed into all meps ears, and born the whole City in hand, I 
 *' that the yvar continueth ftill in Siaiy, and all to diminijCh and abridge my glory. The Confnl 
 baung that day won il^e commendation and name of onethai knew how to rule and govern his 
 a^e<flions,dilmificd the Senat : and it feemed that there would be a generall vacation not of law 
 matter? only jbut of all other things Sc as it were holyday llill,untill the other Conful came unto 
 the City .This reft and idlenefs (as the wonted mapner is ) let the Commons having nothing ell'e 
 to do, a talking: and now their tongues waiked apace, ceafingnot to fpreadruq:iours, Ihacby ' 
 this long and continuallwar,not only thclandsandterritory about the City of ^owe ( efpecially 
 where Anndal had marched with his cruell army ) were wa(kd,but alio Italy was in a manoiei: 
 djfpeopled and laid defolate,by reafonof fo many muWers and levies: complaining, that whole 
 armies vvtre defeated and put to the fword at C/iw/'rf in defence of the Common-vyealth : atjd K 
 that there were two Confuls treated, both martiall men, and warriors, over-fierce and eager of 
 fight/u^h as time ot peace and quietnels were able to find occahons of war : fo little was it to be 
 looked for at their hands, that k^timeofwarthey would leek for peace, and fuffertheCity to 
 have any breathing lim.e and inte; million. Thefcfpeeches rumoured among the common people 
 ^ere interrupted and flaid by occalionof aS.are-f.rethat began in fundry places together about 
 the foi;/»/, in the night of that day, which was immediatly before the felHvalldajes of i*f»«frt;4, 
 called Quincjua-rw, At one and the felf-fame time thefeven merchants fhops ai)d ware-houfes, 
 whic h afterwards were turned intofive,and the fliops of the Bankers and money changers which 
 now arecajled A/bfiC, (orthenew-fliops ) were on f re. Divers private mens houfesalfothe fife 
 caught,for as then there were no ftately Halls ar.d Palaces of the City thefc built. Likewi'e thg L 
 fire took hold of the common priftn, called L.:'.ut»i£ the Filh m»rkct hall Itkewife, and jhg roy'- 
 all gallery or walking-place.Hardly conld the Chappel oM'^tfta he faved,jnd that by the good help 
 and pains-taking efpecially of thirteep bondllaves ; whole bondage was bought out at the Cities 
 charges, and they made freemen, 'ihe fire continued one night and a day : and no man made 
 doubt, but it came by mans hand,and was the pradice of feme lewd per.ons ; for thai the fires 
 began ip many places at once and thofe far didant afui^der.WhereuponthcConfglby the advice 
 ar\d direflion of the Senat, made procUmation in a folemn aflembly of the p?ople, that whofoc- 
 Vjerwpuldcome forth and give notieby whofe means that fire was prpcured, he fiiould be wdl 
 revy^fded : if he were a free-man, with a piece of money ; if bond, with f^reedome. In hope of 
 >^hich recompence, a certain flavebalonging to the dd vn' the Campans, ( his name was Man- M 
 r^tt^J was induced to bewray the mailers whom he ferved.and five other young Gentlemen of Ca- 
 p«d,w hole fat hers had loll their heads by the com.mandment of O.F>iht(u. Thofe he appeached 
 t9;^ave made the laid firgs : and he gave them a warning befides, that they intended to do more 
 mifchief about theCity, if they were let alone, and not apprehended ; fo they were attached,and 
 tbeiif houfhold-fervants. At the firft, tbcfe perfops made light account both of the informer, and 
 the information they made,and elevatjsd the credit that wajj given thereto: alledging,that [he day 
 beforcthpp^tty himfelf being chaflifed and fcourged by his Maftcrs, ran away, and fo upon an 
 angpr and giddy fit.devifed ( by occafion of this misfortun? which was meer cafu^ll ) to frame 
 an ^ccufation ^gainft his mailers. But w hen the matter was a vejred to their teeth in open place, 
 and that they, by whole minillery the feat was done, were in the midll of the for«w put to N 
 the r^ck for to utter a truth, then they all made confelTion ofthefa^t. So as well the Mailers that 
 were the fetters thereof, astheiervantsthat were privy and acceffary thereto, had their deferts> 
 
 •it r 1 lb ^"^ fuftered for It. I he inlbnner who difclofed the villany, was made frec,and had * 20000 aifes 
 
 fterV' ° " f?? bis labour. 
 
 , As the Conful Lx-vsmm paffed by Capua in his joijrney [ homeward,] there flocked about 
 hipi a number of Campans and belought him with tears, that they might have leave to go 
 to Ro/ucf ^nd prcfent themfelves before the Senate, there to make fuit ( if h;^ply th^re were any 
 pity and ccmmiferation in them)not to del^roy them utterly joor fuffer Q^Flaccm to confgme the 
 napie and generation of the Campans from oflthe face of the earth. " Now Flaccw for his part 
 *' denied flatly that he bare them any private grudge by malice : but only hated the Campans as 
 *^ the common enemies to the llatc,and fo he would do ever,fo long as he knew them fo ill affe- 
 " 6led as they were to thepeople of ^aw;: for there was not a nation ijpon ea rth, nor a people ijn- 
 " der heaven more fpightfuily & deadly bent againft the Roman nam? than they were. And that 
 " was the caufe(faith hejthat he penned them up within their v^als.For whofoever of them chan- 
 '-, cedaoy way to make an efcape.they ranged about the counrry like brute and favagq SeaftSjte^ 
 -^ tipgviearing.and killing wholoevcr came in their way .Some of them are fled to the advetfe fide 
 ''unto v4««/^?/:others aregone to Rome to fee fire on the City;,and there(quoih he)(haJ ?heCoD- 
 
 " ful
 
 Jh:^^ ai%ei p^m^kBQd^ <i T.^iyjju^. 48^ 
 
 A "All find the market place halt biirnedj ai^d the very prints ^nd tokens remaining frefliofthe 
 *' CampansmilchievousBra^^ires. Ihcfe Ihouid he I'ee chat t^ev miro^d 10 haveoone violence 
 " upon the Chappcl oiVejh<-,iVtd to liave put out thoie et!t,rnaj) rrcs,anu utteuy defaced t{h€ fatal 
 " pledge of t:^:Roman Empire, bellowed and L^id up ipre i.nthemoii levrctpij, eof theQigp- 
 " pell. Neither thought hq it was faJefpr the Cicy co ptroiic the Campaos to come within tlie 
 *' wails thereof. Then Leiinnw having cauied. the Capuaus to take a corporali oath ^an J fwear na- 
 toj'hc^ys, tbacthey wou>d make return to C'p.<<» before fn eddies were expired-, aicnhey had 
 their anfwer :nid difpatch from the Senate;, comm-'.ndtd-them to come-after him to Ma'tue'. 
 Attended, t,h us as hcwas: with his compiays.be cncountred [he Sicilians aifo>who came fcrihto 
 B meethim.';aadwith this rmiltimde hctntr>jd theCity, akcompanied (llay^iwith theCampans 
 and Sicilians both vanquillied and fubdued by war) asac^ulcrs of two moli famous pcrions> 
 Muralhu and J-Mivm, wjio had conquered two molt nob^e apd renowned Ciues, Syracnfe^ und 
 Capua, • . ; ■ u 
 
 But both the Coff.treated'andconfglced'ficft, with the Senate,abc)ut thaffaieofthe Common- 
 weal, andihegovernmentot the Prov:inces. There Lfs;»f// related inj\hjt terms flood /14it- 
 ceiiony md Greece: the itooliansjlfo, with the Acamariians and Locrians: likewife what a5ts 
 he had atchiev.ed inthofe parrs both by lea and.land ; and how he had repulfed /Vi//;pback into 
 Ji'Iticedortia^ when he began to make war upon the j£to!ians, whonow.wasretiredand "ong 
 into the utmoll parts of his Kingdom: fo as the legion might be withdrawn trom-thence, foi^ 
 C that the Armadowas fufficient to keep the King forth of Italy. Thus mu^h fpakehe of himieif; 
 and of the Province whereof he had beengovernour. Then.boih Confuls in common, ptopofed 
 untotheSenat, concerning the Province. And the LL. decreed that one of the Coniulsfhould 
 take the charge of It^ly, and of the warwith A»wbd: and the other fhould haveunderhis 
 hand the Armado, whereof 7 .OEtadlmsvi^r^ the Admiral ; and togecher with L.Cmcms the Prx- 
 tor.govern the Province of Sictly.Th.^ vvereallowed the two armies which were in Tujcuny and 
 va¥ra>icei conlilfing of four legions: whereof tw^o of the former year, that were of Citizens 
 fliould be fent into I'ufcany, and thofe two which the Conftil Sulpntus had conduced flaould be 
 led into Fr4;>7Cf.Moreo»er,ihat he fliould ha>ic-theig-overnmencof Fr/i/ic, and the leadio" of the 
 Legions there, whom tbatCof. would appoirtt, whoielot it was to have/f«/y tor his Province. 
 P Into Txfcany was C. CafphnmiufiCDt.'mih ConamifTion after the term of thePfxtorlljipraxpired, 
 to have his full jurifdidion to corititnififor a ycar.^ Likewifeto^. f»/w..»/was iQjgned the 
 keeping of C /?;<.?«and his. rule prorogued for anotberyear. The armies, as well of Citizens as of 
 Aliiesjwere by commandment of the SenH a!Midged,a.nd made lefs : fo thajjott wo legions there 
 fhould be but one, and thatconfifiingLof^v? thoufandioo.iimen,. andthree hundredhozlemens 
 that they fhould be dikhargedoffouWiery who had fervedlongeft : that of Allies there fhould 
 be left levcntboufand foot, and three hundred horfe: v\»i*h the fame refpetf and confideration 
 of fervice in, dilmifling the old fouldiets. A!5jforC«. Ful.vius the Conful pf the former year, he 
 ruled the fame Provini.e of ApuliaiWWy witboucanyalterationof his forces: only his govern-^ 
 ment was continued unto bim anotberyear^ Afld P .Sn/pitjus his Colleague, was commanded 
 E to fend away all his army, only the mariners and failers excepted. Likewifeorder was "iven that 
 fo foon as the new Conful was arrix-ed and landed in the Province of Sicily-, the army there, 
 which was commanded by JH.Cormiiru^d-toald be fent oucof 5/«7/. Unto L. Cincius the Prstoc 
 were afl'igned the fouldiers that remained after the defeat aiC^»«,«, for to keep ^7^/7 in orderj 
 and thofe arofe to two legions. And as many legions were appointed for P. May^Uus Vol[o the 
 Pr3ctor,for to go into S^rdtKiA^ even thofe whereof L. CorneliMs had the leading in the fame Pro- 
 vince the former year. As for the legions of Citizens, the Confuls were en joyned to levy and 
 enroll them fo, as they entertained no fouidier of all thofe who had ferved inthe army, either o£ 
 Af.C/nhdins- or Mpalcrius-pi FhIvihs : nor exceeded thenumber that year of one and twenty le- 
 gions of the Romans. VVhenihefe Ai^s werepalTed inthe Senate-houfe.the Confuls ca(t lots foc 
 p their fcverall Provinces. Stci/y and the Armado fell to Marcellus : Italy and the war againlt Anm- 
 l/al 1 to Ltvinns, 
 
 This lot that fell to M:r>-celliis fo ftruck the Sicilians dead, ( who flood in the prefence of the 
 Confuls, lookirg for the event of the lottery) asif-S'^'r^fc/c/fhad been loft again : in fuch fort, as 
 their pitifull lamentations, and their wo'ull plaints, for the prefent turned all mens eyes up- 
 on them, and none after miniHred caufe of much fpeech and talk. For they went about to 
 alltheSen-itorsii omone to another in poor and vile array, protefting, *-Jhit\l AfarcellnsCzmc 
 ''amongftthcm again a^L. Deputy, they would not only forfake every man his own country 
 *' where he was bonj,but alfo abandon the whole Illand of S/a/y : complaining that without any 
 *' de'ert ©'•"their parts-beretofore he had been cruelly bent againfl them;and his hatred was irre- 
 *' concileable : and what would he now do in his choler, and knowing that the Sicilians came to 
 Q " AffWf ofpurpofe tom.ikei.omplaintso-bim ? The Ifland were better (fay theyj tobeonaliohc 
 '" fire to burn with /Etna} or to be all a veryfea, than ihusto be expofedasaprey untoa mor- 
 "tallenemy, for to be devoured. 1 hefe grievous moans and pitious complaints of the Sicilians 
 firft carried to the houfesofthe Nobles and great men of the City,and there taken up and much 
 talked of by many, whi'es (ome pitied the Sit ilians, others enviedM.jrcf//«i, fpread abroad at 
 length fo^'ar, ontill they came to the Council-Table. Andthe Confuls were dealt withall, to 
 propofe unto the Senate, that they might exchange their Provinces onefor another. Then M^r-
 
 ic. 
 
 AQQ 7 he fix and Wentkth Boo\ o/T.Livius. 
 
 «//;/| ft ood up and faid ■!■'■ That ib cafe audiettce bad been given to the Sicilians already ift the Se- jj 
 
 *'nat-houle, peradventiire he wolild deliver hisopinion to another piirpofe : butnowleftany 
 
 •.' man mioht fay , that they were bridled for fcar^ and durft not fpeak their minds freely ,nor com- 
 
 *< plain as I hey would of him, at whofe command, andnnder whole obedience, they were to be 
 
 *' within a while: he was for his part ready to make change of hisProvince,ithis Colleguewerc 
 
 <'as weilcontencand made no greater fctu pie of the matter. Only he requeued thatthe Senate 
 
 c< would not prejudice hiscaufe. For if atthefirftCquoth he)ithadbeenhard and uf)juft,extraor- 
 
 " diharily and without cafting lots,tO give my Collegue the free choice of hisowfl Province,how 
 
 *' much greater wrong then (hotild I have, nay, whatdifgrace were offered unto me, if my lot 
 
 *' i"hould be taken from me and transferred flpon him. So tor that t ime,the Scnat having made an I 
 
 overture unto Marcelhs, what they would have done, rather than by any decree prejudiced the 
 
 inatter,brake up. AndtheConfuls between themfelvesprivatly made exchange one with the o- 
 
 ther.See the fortune and fatall defiiny of yI</'<i'-(r(f//«/5that haled him,as i: were,to be matched with 
 
 Ann h.il.iTi6L to fall into his hands : to the end that the fame man, whb of all the Romans, was 
 
 the f.rft that vanquifced Annihal in fighr,and won the honotir from him:fiiould now in the midft 
 
 of profpcrity and happy fuccefs of war, be the lartRoraan General that was {lain by jinntbal, and 
 
 yielded the glory of giving him the overthrow. After the Provinces were thus intetchangeabiy 
 
 "fhccom- il-iifted,theSicilians were brought into the Senat.Where they made a long fpeech as touching the 
 
 piaims ot the pcfpetnall aiid conflant faithfulnefs unto the end of K.K/i?ro,towards the people oi Rome; and all 
 
 «l\rMlu,v '° '""V favour and gain thanks unto the whole nation of 5';c;/;'.Recounting.j^' that Hteronymus K 
 
 te, ' '" firft , and after him Hippocrates and Epiades, as for other things, fo efpecially for their revolting 
 
 *' from theRom3ns,and turning to >4««»W,were odious and hateful unto them.For which caulc . 
 *' and nothing elfe Hieronyryius was by the hands of the chieftains oftheir young gallants, as ic 1 
 *' were by a pnblike decree of the ft ate made away and killed, and the ncbleft oftheir young gen- 1 
 '' tiemenjto the number of feventy.confpiied to murder Hippocrates and Epicidcs-.viho being dif- ' 
 .'■appointed and put by the effedling oftheir defignment, through the delay oi Marcellaf,{yiho at 
 *' the lime before appointed,came not with his power to ^^rrfc*/*-) were appeached, their inten- 
 *' de-d plot revealed, and ihey all by thofe tyrants putto defltb. And yet^to ipeak atruth, Marcel- 
 '■.'■■lus bimfelf was he that gave the firft occafion of thetyrarinizing of Hifpocratejand Epkides-, in 
 ^'that mofl ciueily he facked and *ifkd the Leomins. But from that time forward, the Nobles of 1' 
 *' Syracuse never cealed to come in onto ^Marcellus.p. promifed to deliver the City into his hands^ 
 *' whenfoever be pkafed. But he, forfooth, at firft, flt>od upon thefe {crms,that he vvould rathec 
 *' force it by afl'auli-.but afterwards,feeing he could wot 6fFe<ft that his pcrpofc,notwithftanding he 
 *' had wrought all the devices hecou'ldjboth by feaSrland; he made choice of one Se/7j a copper- 
 *' fmith & AUricHSA Spaniard;to have them to wprkand contrive the betraying ot the City,rathe2 
 «' than of the principal of the SyracufiafiNobilityvwho bad fo often offred that fervice,and neves 
 *' yet would it be acctpted: & all,! woi^becaufe hg'rfiight pretend fome colourable caufe of juftice, 
 " to proceed in all rigor againft the moft ancient allies of the people of Rome^iot to maflacre them, 
 *' and make fpoil of al! that they had.Set cafe that HterenyWus had not revolted antj gone to An- 
 *^ Mill J, brt the whole people and Senat oiSyracufa' Snppofe, that the Syracufians in generall, by M 
 " publike confcnt had flitit the gates againfl MarccUus^ & not their Tyrants Hippocrates and Epi~ 
 •'f/^ifjvfhenthey had the SyracnfiansfureenoDghundertheirownhands:Say they had warred 
 *' againft the people Rome with as fpightfnll and caiiiired malice as the Carthaginians do,and ever 
 *' did : what greater hoftility could MarcelUis pofiibly have exercifed againft them more than he 
 '■'' haih^unlels he would deflroy and rafe the City to the very ground ? Surely he hath left nothing 
 *' in Syrar(,fi but the bare walls>Jhe naked and empty houfcs of the City -the temples and chappels 
 *' of the gods defaced & broke open;for the gods ihemfelves, with all the rich & gorgeous orna- 
 *« ments are carried away. Many a man is fpoiled and robbed of his goods, in fnch fort, as having 
 *' nothing 1 eft him but the bare foil,they are not able when alHs gone,with his leavings to main- 
 " tain thcmfelves,ar,dfnftain their wives and children.They were humble petitioners therefore,N 
 " and fuppliant fuiters unto the LL. of the Senate, to take order, that reftitution might be made 
 *''nnto the rightful owners,if not of all (forthatis unpofliblejyet of fo much atleaftjas was to be 
 *< found .and might be truly owned again. 
 
 After ihefe and fuch like complaints, L#'z/)»;/i iheConful commanded them to goforth of the 
 Cocmiil-Honre to the end that theLL.mightbeconfulted with, and deliver their opinions con- 
 cerning I heir demands. " Nay mary (quoth Marcell(ts)kt them ftay ftill rather,that I may anfwer 
 "•'to their very faces : feeing my LL.our cafe and condition is fo hard.who warand fight for you, 
 '' that we muft have thofe to entbrm againftus, and be our accufers, whom we haveconquered 
 " and fubdued by martiall arms ; Let it even be fo thattwoCities, to wit, Cap:ia and Syracufa, 
 *' won this year.may convent judicially both their conquerors,the one Fnhius-,tbe oihcr Mar- Q 
 *' cf//;</.When the Embaffadors were brought back again into the Senat- hoDfe,then began Mar- 
 *' f^//«jtlie Confiil, and fpake in this wife. 
 M*yc(!l:ishii " I am notfo far overfeen, and forgetful!, my Lords, either of the majefty of the people of 
 defences- ^^ Tifitiie, or of this place of command which I now hold, that I vvould plead mine own caufe, 
 p»iiiftthc «t Confni as lam, againft thefe Grecians, my accufers, in rafe the queftionwere of any crime or 
 S/.acufian». <cfa„]t ofmineown. But allthecontroverlie to be difcnffed ftandeth not upon thefe terms, to 
 " examine what I have doncjwhom the right of war will juftifie and bev out^howfoever I have 
 
 ^'proceeded
 
 The fix and twentieth Boof^ofT. Livius, a^i 
 
 -A '"proceeded .igainft enemies .• biit whjt thefe then have deferved to kfter. If they were not enc- 
 "mics, nor lo to be reputed, then it mattered notj and it had been all one, cither now or in the 
 "lite time (if King Hnro, to have forced Sjracufa. But if it appear, that they have revolted, that 
 *' they haveevjl intreated our EmbaffadorSjthreatned to lay violent hands,3nd to run upon them 
 *' wiibl A'ord ana torce of arms j that they have manned their wills, and fliut their gates upon us'j 
 '* that tbev have maintained the army of the Carthaginians agsinll us: who can be grieved and 
 " oftcndcd, it they have fuffcred as encmic, who (tuck not firlt to off jr all hollility wbitfoevet ? 
 '' Re;eded i toij Nobles of Syracufa when they would have delivered the City into my hands ? 
 "And made I more account of 5cy?/, and Mericiutbe Spaniard, and thought them worthy to be 
 "truited in lo importarca matter? Veare not, I am lure, the meanell 0} the Syraculians, that thus 
 B " reproach others with oaienels of eflate. Wbcwasit of ailyouherc, that promiUdtoopenmr 
 " the qates ? that undertook to receive my armed fouldiCrs into the City ? !<»y, nay, ye bate and 
 "cui.ic'hemm ytut h-art, who have iodone;indevtn m this place caiitiot forbear to give them 
 /"hard teroii, and ie»iic toebi.- (o unlike it is. that you your (elves ever meant to have done any 
 .*'fuch thin^ Even this anjed condition and bale calling ot theirs, my LL. which tbcie men twit 
 -*' ibem With, isamaoifelif'Hcii, and a molt evident arj^um^ni, that 1 retufed none,thst waswil- 
 , " ling to do ii,ooo (f v!ce nnto our (tare and Common-weal. At the very fiiit, uefore 1 laid liege 
 ; *' unto Sjrucufa^ I jilaicd by ail means to have peace; one while lending Embadadors unto them, 
 >*'otherwbiie^goioginpcrlontoparle with them. Afterwards, feeing that without all reverence 
 " of Einoatladors, they fliamcd not to offer them sbu'e ; without regaid of my lelf, they deigned 
 ■ ^^ 01.: no ml wer when I came to the gates, and conferred with their chief Nobility : after much 
 *' travel, toil, and i.-jfinite pains, fudained both by Land and Sea, at length by mere force and hot 
 *' aiiauit, I became MaUcr and Lord of Sjracufa. Now as touching that which hath befaln unto 
 *''tbci.-«),iince they were overcome, aiid loft their City, I would luppolethey hid more real'on, and 
 *^jufteicaule to make their moan, and complain unto /^»«;^<j/ and the Carthaginians, thole that 
 *' are like wiie cunquercd,than before the Senat of the people of Rome their Corqueror. l-ot mine 
 ** own :)art,iiiy LL. if i had ever meant co deny and dilavo w the Ipoiling and fecKing of Sjracufi, 
 " and not co ftau i to it when 1 bad done, I would nevet have been to ill advifed, as to beautify and 
 *' adorn the City of Rome with the poils thereof, And what I have given or forgiven unto any 
 ** particular perion, I am allured that I'lnay well juftify and' avow tbe«iime, borh by the law of 
 *^ " war, and ai.o by tbt delett of everyone. Now, roy-LL. whether ye will approve and ratify my 
 " doings or no,ii conctrnetb and toucheth the Coirmioii weal rather than my lelf. My pact 1 have 
 " done, and diicoarged my duty faiththlly. It much importeth now the :)taie,»h3t by rcverling (as 
 *' it wci cj and diianuliing mine adioni, ye make not youc other Genersh from nencefortb, to De 
 *' more fUck and backward in the like employment. To conclude my LL. fince that yc have heard 
 *' both my lelf and the Sicilians fpeak oar minds face tb face, we will all together go cut of this 
 " Temple, th.u in my abfence the Senate may more frankly ipeaktothe poir.-, and deliver their 
 '• opinions. Thus the Sicilians were difmilfed, and be himlelf went forth alio to the Capitol.for to 
 takealevy offouldiers. ; 
 
 £ The other Conlul in the mean time, put to qaeftion ths demands of the Sicilians before the LL. 
 Muchcanvafling a long while, and dilcuCHng there was of the matter, and divers opinions pal- 
 fed. Many of the Senators following TManlitu Tortjuatm the head and principal man.that main- 
 tained a fide, were of this mind, " That they fnould have made warag4in(t the tyrjns thecom- 
 " mon enemies as well totheSyracu.'ians, as to theSta'.eof /Jswff. And as for tbe City, 'twas 
 *' ("lay they jrntoer recovered and received, than won by force ; and being lb received, it was to 
 *' be re-e(tablifhcd in her own ancient laws and freedom, and not afier it was fo weantd witti 
 *' milerable lervitude^ to be Icourged and aiflifted with war upon it. But between the warring of 
 "the tyrants of tLj one Hde.and the Roman General of the other.a molt beautiful and noble City, . 
 " ftandini; in the rau.ft (as a ptizc tnd reward lor the winner) is undone ty tbe means ; ever that 
 F "Citw/hicbiomcime had been the garner ('as it were)and the Trealure houle of the peoj-leot 
 " R<m>-. by the munificent liberality and bouncy wherco'f,Dy whole rich p/efcnts and goodly gifts 
 " oi.n Ci:y ma;!v 3 time and oft.yea.and but of latcdayes in ihisPunick war,hatb been relieved and 
 «■ adorned. If King Hiero fhould arile again from tbe dead and come among us, Htero{l lay; the 
 " mod faithfal matioiijCr e;f tbe Romafritate,wi'h what lace could ivc ibew unto bmi,eitncr Sji- 
 • r,icui'e or Rowe ? vVhen he IhuQld leeof one (ide.hisown nitiv.-; country, halt ralcd and wholly 
 " Ipoifcd .- indon the other fidc,coniing to Ksme, in tbe very cntiing of tne City, and baid at the 
 '■^gate, fhould beh;>;d the Ipoih 01 bis own City ? Notwithitanding theie and men nke ipeechcs 
 cait out among t.'iem, to procure ill vjiUand hstred to tiie Coniul, and to move pity and compani- 
 on fo tb ' "^tc iians, yet the l.L. of the Senat in ravcur of M^rcelias, agreed upun a milder dectcCj 
 2 and enact.'.!, Toat whatloeverhehad done, either dunn.^ the war, oraftei coticjueit, Aiould be 
 rariiicdard ii'oui'dfoii^ood : Item, for tbe time to come, me -Senit would take order and pro- 
 viie for the g.iiKj of the Syraculians, and givetbe Con a^Lcvintu aipecLilcbaige, vohaveie- 
 gard i)f the welfare or that City, loiar forth, as might not be pit ur.cial to tbe lUtc of K«««f. 
 Ther. were two Senators lent into the Capitol to tbe Conlul, toitquelthun to repair agsmuntoi 
 the a{Teir,b:yof iheScrisre: a,>d afrcr tae Sicilians alio were admuted into tbe pUce, their aft 
 and d^c'ee sfoiriam v\as o^.ct.ly read. The Embaflidors had good wordsc"";" them, snd were 
 diiiiJulej} wactcupon they tell down proltr«cattbe tetcof M«rff/f/«:bcGoniui, beicecnirg
 
 4di The fix and wentkth Boa^o/T.Livius. 
 
 hJm to pirdon that wbicb tbcy htd Ipokcn, either to bewail, or toesfe theii calim ity . and to re- H 
 ccive botb them in pirticular, and tbe City oJ5;r(*c»/«r in general, unto bis merciful proteftion. 
 Aftertbis,tbeConrul wicb gracious words liceDied tbetn to depart. 
 
 Wben tbe Sicilians bad tbeic difpatcb, the Campans had audience given them in the Senate : and 
 as their (peecb was more lamentable, fo tbe caufe was heavier, and harder to be digeded .■ fornei- 
 *' tber could they themt'elves deny, but that they dcfetvcd condign puniihment ; nor Tyrants had 
 *« they any, upon whom they might lay tbe blame. But they thought they had (uflred enough iot 
 " their (ins already, in that fo many ot their Senators died by poifon, and lb many lolt tbcir heads. 
 •' Some few of their nobility and but a few remained yet alive, who as they were not touched in 
 •' conicience, nor lo faulty, as to lay violent hands upon themlelves, lo the Conqueror m his furious j 
 «' Wiath, ac judged tbcm not worthy of death .* they therefore made bumble luit tor cbemlclves, 
 *' their wives and children, to obtain freedom, and to enjoy ibme part of their own goods, being, 
 *»asthey were, mter citizens of ^owr, and moft of tbem by affinity and neerkinred, upon mutual 
 *' andcrofs miriages, linked in alliance and bloud to tbe Romans, After that they alio were willed 
 to void out of the Scnat houfe : tor a while, there grew fome queftion and doubt, whether Q.Ful- ■ 
 vttu (hoald be ftnt for from Capua ((ot prefently upon the taking of tbe City, CUh^ius the Con* 
 iul died) that this matter might be argued and difcuiled in presence ot the General bimielf, like as 
 the other had been reafoned of and debated between Marcellm and the Sicilians. Bat afterwards 
 when they faw in tbe Senat- boufc M. AttiliHs, and C. FulviHt^ the brother oiFUceus^ both his I 
 Lieutenants: like wife ^. Mi»*^<»j, tt\d L. returius Phile, Lieutenants unto C/<i»A*/, who had K 
 been ptefent in all ad^ions, and were cye-witneffes of every thing ; and befides, were unwilling 
 that either Fulvmi fhould be called away from Captta, or the Campans longer delayed : yi.Attili- 
 m Reguiusj who of all them that had been at the lerviceof ^'^ipw/i, was of grcateft authority and 
 reputation, being demanded his opinion, (pake in this wile. 
 
 " I take it (quoth he) when Capua was newly won, I was one of Councel with the Confuls 
 *' there, when queftion was asked, and enquiry made, Whether any one Campane bad delervcd 
 *' well of us and our Common- weal. And found it was.tbat two women onlv.to wir,r*/?<! Oppta, 
 " born in AteUa, but dwelling then at Capua^ and Paucula Cluvia, fomctime a common ftrumpec 
 "^ and cui tizan, were well willers unto us. The former of tbele twain daily iacrihccd for the wel- - 
 t'farejhtejandvjdoryoftbcRomans; tbeotber, fecretly fuftained the poor and needy Roman t 
 « captives with food and viftual's. As for ail other Campans, from tbe higneft to tbe lowclt, they 
 « were no better affeded unto as, than tbe Carthaginians. And even thole, who were beheaded 
 •' by Quintus Fulviui, fuffered death, not bccaufe they were more faulty thsn others,but for that 
 *« they were of greater mark and caUing than the reft. Now, that the Senate fhould decide the I 
 •« esule of any Campans, who are entranchifed denifons of Monte^ without a grant trom the peo- ' 
 
 <« pic, I fee not how it can be. For in our fore-fathers time the like cafe was of tbe Satricans tnac 
 " tebelled : and then M.A»tiftttit,\ Tribun of the Commons, firft put up a biil.and the Commons 
 "afterwards pafTed itjnamely.Tbat the Senat might have power and iBthority.to give their opini- 
 «'on, and determine of the Satricans. Therefore I am of mind, that we deal with the Tnbuns of 
 •• the Commons, that one or more ot them, prefer a bill unto the Commons, by vertoe whereof we m 
 «« may be authorifed to fet down fome order tor the Campans. Then L. jitttlttu^i Tribun of the 
 Commons, by leave and advice of tbe Senate, propofed unto the Commons a bill in this form and 
 mantier. Whereas the Campans^ Atetlans, Cnlatins^ aud Sa6at tut, who have yeelded them fe Ives «««, 
 ruhiasthePro-couful, tobe at the pUafure and devetttn of the people efKomt: «Uthat alfo rvtich 
 thej have furrendrea together with therKfelvesMTveH their territtrj as their City, m aUntty.fils both 
 jacf td ^nd prephane, their neeejfary implement j^ and all other things whatfeever, I demand jour wi It 
 and pie figure ^ O Quirits^ what fltall be dove with the premijfe si The Commons after deliberation, 
 ga.ve their voyces to the laid bill in this form. Our villandpleafure is, that tpbatfotver ye the Senu- 
 tiTS, vhe new art fet inCounctl.or the mofl part ofjouthtn]^ good and determtne^ jkall ftandforjttfi 
 arA lawfal. Upon this grantor A& of the Commons, the Senat by a decree awarded unto Oppia ]vj 
 tnd Clnvia, firft their own goods and liberty; and moreovcrif they were defiroustft crave far- 
 ther reward at the Senates hand, they were bell to repjir unto iJew^, For every family and 
 feveral houle ot the Campans, there were fpecial afts and decrees made, all which to repeat 
 ard rebearfe , would not quit the labour. Some had their goods confifcate.- themfeivtSj 
 their Children and Wives were to be fold, excepting thofe their Daughters which were wed- 
 ded, before that they came under the fubjcftion of the people of i?o«wtf. Others were to be cUpt 
 up in Pn(on, until farther order were taken for them hereafter. Moreover, of fome Campans 
 tticy made diftindion by valuation of their wealth, whether their goods were to be confilcatc 
 or 1^0 Ail their beaifs and cattail which were taken, fave Horfes i all their faond-nav;:, but 
 males fourteen years of age and upward, all moveable goods alfo which were not annexed Q 
 and fartned to the foil, they awarded tor to be rellorcd to tbe true owners. All Campans, 
 Atellans, Calitjns, Sabellans, excepting thole, who either thcmfelvcs , or whoi'e parents 
 look part and (ided with the enemies, they judged to be free.- provided alwayes, that none 
 otthemwere either Frce-denizcns otRome, otoiLatt/tm. hem, itwascnattcd, that none 
 of all tfiem who had been at Qapua whiles tne gates were fliut, lliould remain either in tbe City 
 or territory of Captta^ within a certain day prefixed : but (bould have a place let out unto cbern 
 tor to dwell in, on the tartbcr fide gf Tjhrut to it were not upon the very bank cloie unto
 
 n^efix and twentieth Boo^of T, Li vius. 49-^ 
 
 f^ Tyber, As forthofe that during the time ot'war had been neither at Ci^pwd nor in any other City 
 of Campan, which revolted from the people of Rome, they ftiould be removed to inhabit on this 
 fide the River Lyrit between itand^awe; but luch as were turned and paflcd to the Romans 
 fide, before that AhhiBaI came unto Capuay they fViould be tranfplanted on the hither fide of F'ftl- 
 tutntu the River : provided, that none of them (hould poflel's either houfeor Land within fifteea 
 miles of the Sea. As concerning them who were dil'placed and confined to inhabit beyond the 
 T;^fr, neither they nor their heirs and luccefTors for ever, fliotild purchalcand bold boulaor Land 
 in any place, but in the tcn-itory either of l^'eti, Sutrium^ or Nefefium : but fo, as they txceeded 
 not the (lint of five hundred Acres of ground. As touching the goods and chattels of all the Sena- 
 tors, of fuc has had born Magidracy inC<<^*<i, Ateia^ oxCa/atia, they awarded that ^ale lliould be 
 
 B made thereof inCapMA. Asforthofc that were free botn, and whole bodies wcr;: ;o be fold, they 
 fliould be fcnt to Rome^ and there let a-(alc. Finally, the Images and Statues of brafi, whith were 
 faid to have been won and taken from the enemies, whether they were lacrcd or piobtlc, they re- 
 ferred to the CoUedgc of the Pnefts and Prelates, to determinethereof at their -liiC'etion. Thus 
 they gave the Campanes their diipatch, and fent them away much worfe apaid fc ; hefe decrees, 
 thin they were when they came firfl to Rome. And row they complained no morr of the cruel 
 proceedings of Q^. Fulvttu againft them, but blamed the iniquity and unjiift dealing of the very, 
 Gods, and their own curled fortune together. 
 
 After the Sicilians and Campanes wcredilmifPed, thcrs was amuRertaken : and when an 
 trmy was levied and enrolled, there began fome queftion and reafoning about the mariners and 
 
 C Rowers to furnifh the Gallies. For the accompJiOiment whereof, when the Conluls could neither 
 raifc men enow, nor yet find mony at that time in the Chamber of the City, for to prefle and hire 
 them, and pay their wages withal; they publillied an cdi(ff, that private men according to the 
 rate and proportion in the Subfidy book, out of all orders, degrees, and companies, lliouldai 
 aforetime find Rowers at their own charges, and maintain them with meat and money for thir- 
 ty daycs. Upon which Edi(S and Proclamation, all men (o grumbled and muttered, and were 
 lo highly dilcontcnted and angrcd, that they wanted an head and Captain, rather 'hen matter 
 and occafion of a mutiny and iniurreftion.- giving out, "That the Confulshsd taken a courfCi 
 *• and ware in the very train to plague, undo, and deftroy the Commons of /Jawff, like as they, 
 *■ bad already the Sicilians and the Campans. For thus many years they have been pilled,polledf 
 
 P ''clean (pent and confumed with exadion of tribates, and had nothing left them but the bare 
 " ground, andthefame lying waft and untilled. As for their Houfes upon their Lands, the ene- 
 " mies had burned.- their Icrvants and hinds, ftach as fhould husband and till their grounds, the 
 ••Common-wealth had bereaved themof.' one whiles buying tbcm up to the war, for I'ome (mall 
 «• piece of mony .• othcrwhiles levying and prcfling them to the Seas to be Gaily- flavcs,for a thmg 
 " of nothing, A msncouldnotfo (oongctone brals farthing, or finglcfilverdeneir before-hand, 
 "but it went by and by either for Gaily-pay, or for yearly Tribute. And to give that now which 
 •' they had not, they might never be brought by any force or for any mans commandaient what- 
 "(oever. Let them fell and make an hand of their goods, impcifonandpunilh theirbodies too, 
 •* when all is gone befides; feeing there is nothing left them to tanlome and redeem the lame 
 
 E "again. Thele and Juch like words were not only muttred in huggermuggcr, but uttered aUb 
 and given out in broad tetms even in the market-place and before tnc Conluls, by the multitude 
 that flocked and gathered together in exceeding great numbers .• infuchfort, as theConfulS 
 were not able with all that ever they could do, to appcal'e the mutiny, neither by fharp rebukes, 
 nor fair words and comfortable (pcecbes. Then they faid, that they would give and alio w ihcni 
 three diycs refpit f^r to think and confider of thele matters: which they thcmlelvcs bcftowed 
 wholly and employed in taking a view and (urvey oftheirgoods, and .making difpatch and rid- 
 dance thereof out of the way. The next day the Conluls called the Senate together to conlult 
 about the fupply of Rowers and Gally-flaves : where, after much debatingand arguing, that the 
 Commons had good reaion to make denial; at length the drift of all their fpcech was this, "That 
 p " whether it were right or wrong, the burden mutt lye on pr ivat mens ilioulders, there was no rc- 
 '•medy: for (eeing there was no mony in the common cbclV, how lliould Mariners and Rowers 
 «' elfc be gotten and levied ? And without Armadoes, how poffibly fliould either Sicily be held 
 " Itill in poffeflTion, or Piiilip be kept out of Italy ? or theSca coafts o\ Italj remain in lafciy and 
 *'(ecurity ? In thefedKhcflcsand ditticulticstbeCouncel being perplexed, and to feek forremc- 
 «'dy5 and whiles every mans wits were in the wan and foconluled, as if they were benummcd 
 " and ftone cold .- Then Lavmtu tbeConlul, Asthe Magiftrate(qi.hejgoethbefQre»heSenitcin The fpecch a? 
 ♦' place of honor,and the Senat like wile before the common people in worth and dignity .• fo they ^'^'"'f* ''^' 
 "ought in all difficulties and hard occurrences to undergo the weightieft burdens hr(l,aad be the 
 *' Foremen and Leaders in all dangerous adventures whatl'oever. For if a man would enjoyn his 
 
 G '" inferiors to bear fome grievous and heavy load, Itt him firft take it up him(elf,yea and impofe the 
 *' fame upon his own tram and company : all the rell then, will be more willing and obedient to 
 " foUov^ after, and do the femblable. And never will they gtutcb at any colt or charges, when 
 '' they fee their Leaders and Rulers take more upon themfelves, than they arc well able to wield 
 ''and fuilain. To the end therttore that the peopleof ^^wf may be provided andturnifhedots 
 * ilset rigged and trimmed, as our dtlire is, and that private perfons may not think much, not 
 yrctufe to find Rowers thereunto j Ut us firll that are bete command our own lelves: let aa, 
 
 Wm 2 " ^" ^'ifsy;
 
 4 94 T^hefix and twentieth Bool\ofT, Livius. 
 
 *' 1 iay, tbst be Senators, bring abroad in common all the goldj all the lilver, all the brafen coin H 
 «<tbat we have, lo as every man relerve rings only forhimlelt, his wife and children: and a little 
 *' tablet or Jewel for his ton,as a pendant to hang about his neck. Alio let aUvhem that have wives 
 » 3 p^und Re. or daughters, retain dill one ounce weight of * gold, and * one pound ot filver ; Andas many as 
 'nlwom^' bavebornofficeofState, andfitten in thelvorfChair, keep (till the trappings and capsriforyot 
 lvcr,1( libra bt tbe'rHorfc;, and two pound Weight a piece, the one of gold, the other of filver; for to have a 
 tenu'nari*, Salt-fellsr, and a little boll or cop, to facrifice and cfierunto the Gods withal. Aj for the reft of 
 the Senators, let us leave them but one pound weightoffilver, and nogoldat all, and five thou- 
 " IS pound li fand * Ades in coin, to every houfholder a piece. '• All other gold, filver, and brafen money be- 
 fliiUtf pence ft. "fideSjletus forthwith bring abroad and prefent unto the Triumvirs or pnblick bankers, before 
 " that we make or enaft any decree of Senat .• to the end, that our good example in this volun- | 
 " (ary benevolence and contribution, and ourcaroelt endeavour to help the Common-weal, may 
 "ftir up and provoke the hearts and aftedions, firft of thofe that are by calling Gentlemen and 
 "Knights o^ Rome, and then forward the rett of the commons, to imitate and follow us with 
 " fome emulation. This is the only means which we that are Coniuls have thought upon and dc- 
 «« viled, after much talk and conference together. Set to cheretorcj my maftets, in the name of 
 *«God, and Itad the way .• God will bids your good beginnings. So long as the City llandcth 
 " on foot, and boldctb up the head, no man need to teai his private Itate ; but it fliall do well 
 ''enougb. Go the wealpublick to wreck once, and decay, let no man ever think to lave his 
 "own. All the whole houie liked fo well otthefc motions, that not only they gave their accord 
 and content thereto, but over and befidiiS, yeelded hearty thanks unto the Conluli tor their good j? 
 advice ani;! counfei. When the Senat vvas dilmilied, every man tor himlelf brougat forth his gold, 
 his filver^ andbiaffe money, and laid all together in common ; and that withmchlpeed,ltriving 
 a vie who could go before another, and have his name cntred firft in the puohck Rolles and Regi- 
 flers : as neither the forelaid Triumvirs were able to receive it faft enough, as it was tendred un- 
 to them; nor the ordinary Clerks and Notaries to let it down in writing, arid take note thereof 
 accordingly. This confent and agreement of the Senators, the Knights and Gentlemen viRomf in 
 their place and calling (econded j and the commons for their parts were notbchindo 2)0 without 
 any conftraint of law, without edidj, without any exhortation made by the Magiltraie, the com- 
 mon-weal wanted neither Rowers for to furnifh the armadocs, normony to pay the Rowers. 
 And thus whtn all things were provided ncceflary tor the wars, the Coniuls went forth to their £ 
 feveral Provinces. 
 
 Never was there any time of this war, wherein Carthaginijns and Romans togetherj ba^ 
 more tryal ot the alternative and variable change of fortune .' never hung they mure in equal bal- 
 lance, between fair hope and tearlul danger.' The Romans, in then Provinces tailed both of 
 Iwcet and lour. In Spam on the one fide, they fped ill and loft : in Sici/j on the other fide, they 
 ipcd wellandwon .• fo as their lorrow was interlaced UiU and mingled with joy. Alfo xnltalj, 
 the loik ot Tarentnm turned to thcir woe and damage .• but the keeping of the Caftle there with 
 the garrilon, beyond ail their bope and expeftation, brought them joy and comtort for thair lor- 
 row. Alio, thc<r luddain fright and fear, tor the ficgeand aflault ot theCity of^^ewff, wasUlvcd 
 and cured again within a few dayes after, by the forcing and winning of C^fiwo.- and all that hca-x* 
 vmels and mourning turned into mirth and gladnefs. The affairs alio beyond Sea, were checked 
 with interchangeable turns and courles. Tlnlt^ became their enemy man ill time, and whea 
 they had little need thereof. Contrary- wife, the Atolians and An<ilMs the King of Afiii the leis, 
 proved to be their new friends and loving allies .• whereby even then fortune, teemed to fmile on 
 the Romans, and by that overture, promied as it were, unto them the Empire of the Eatt. 
 Semblably the Carthaginians, as ihcy loft CafUA, io they wonTaremrtt», and made afaving 
 game of it. In like manner, as they tooknoimallprideandglory, incoming to the walls of Aowe 
 without refiftance j to they were danted and difmaid again, that this their enterprife took no bet- 
 ter effedl IB the end : and htld themtelves much diigraced and difhonoured, that whiles they 
 fatthemfclves before one gate of ^cwf, there was an army of Romans led forth at another, and N 
 lent into Spain. And even in Spain a.\(o, tbegrcatcrhopc men hadtbere.that upon the death 
 of two fo noble and valiant Generals, and the defeat of two as puiilant armies, the war was 
 come to a final end, and the Romans driven from thence tor ever .• the more fpight jt was, and 
 the greater grief and vexation they conceived again, when by the valour of L. Manifa a tumul- ' 
 tuary Captain, chofen in haft they knew not how, thoreformerviaoncs turned to vanities, and 
 came to juft nothing. Thus fortune was indifferent, and all things doubtful and wavering in tu- 
 Ipence, both on the one fid: and the other. Their hope all one as it was at firft,: their fflar,the fame 
 Jii.l, neither more nor lefs: So as between hope and fear, they fared, as if the war at this time 
 were new to begin. 
 
 ylnwbnl above all other things, was vexed to the heart, that C«jf«^ being more hotly and <-> 
 eagerly allaulted by the Romans, than manfully and tairbfully defended by him, had diverted 
 and turried a way the hearts of many States of hdj »tom him. For neither was he able to hold 
 them all with fuHicient garritonsjunlels he would difmember into many Imall portions,ind mangle 
 by piece-meal his army J which todothen.wasno good policy : nor he thought it fare and aood, 
 to withdraw bis garritons from thence,& leave the fidelity of his allies at liberfy,either to append 
 upon fickle hope, or to fway with Inddam fear. And (as he was by nature coveteas and cruel-
 
 The fix and twentieth Boo{ ofT.Llvhs, /^Qct 
 
 A ly minded) be resolved at length upon this courfe, to make fpoil of thole Cities which be was not 
 able to keep, and lo to leave them waft and empty for the enemy . This dcllgnmcnt w«s not lb 
 di(honeft and fhimeful m the firll enterpti:e, but it proved as bad and bcuttul tu himlelfin the 
 effcdlar.d cooclulion. For he loft the besrts clean, not only of thofe that were the parties i^ricvea, 
 and luftered tbele indignities but alio of all others belides. The prefent calaiiiity and lofs touclied 
 but Ibmc few : but the precedent and example reached to many more. Neither wis the Rumsn 
 Coniiit behind hand for his part, to lollicitc and found thole Cities, from whence he law lojiits 
 light appear, and any hope to gain them unto him. 
 
 There weie in Salaptaivio noble menibovethe rtR.,D^^(a and Bl^tJiM. D,t/tus was friend to 
 AMoibtl,Blafiiu{{o fai as he might with fafety j sfFeflcd and favoured the Romans. And by cnttr- 
 
 B courfe of (ecret mellengcrs, bad put MarcellM in (omegood hope of betravingtbL Ciiy ; tut 
 without the help ofDafiM the plot could not oe compafled and cfFeifled . Wherefore, alter mucn 
 mufiog and long dciibciation, afie: many ftaycs anddclayes,at length he relolvcd ('fbr want tatticc 
 of better counitl, than upon any hope to Ipcedj to addrclsbimfclf to D^fiw, and acqniinr fiiin 
 with the matter. But Daftu not only mifliking utterly and abhorring the thing , but alio carryi>'g a 
 lecret enmity to the party hiinlelf, the only cyc»fore and concurrent that he hid.ftrivint^ tooe 
 greater th»n he, difclofed all to /inmlrnl. Whereupon, both were f snt for, and converted pe- 
 reinptoril) bfto«c him» As AnmbJ. vcas fitting upon the Tribunal leaf, giving audience and dif- 
 patch to ceuain other matters ; and that fee might anon the better attend unto Bla(iM and the a ii» 
 ot) intended againft bim : whiles theplaintife and defendant Uood apart by thenlclves from the 
 
 G reft of the people a good way, £A»yjw went in band again with !>.;/»«, and loilicited hiaitorio 
 deliver tbeCity lO thillomans.'.Vith that. D.j^"«<(»s if the matter had been too too appsrant j ricd 
 out and laid, 1 hat be bailied not to breal; unto him and move bini, even in the preieiice and lij^ht 
 of ^"w^a/, fortopiadifetrealon and betray the v^ity. jitimhl tnd all 'hey that were there pre- 
 fent, gave little credit unto D.,fiKA.- and the more audaciousihe thing it lelf was, thelcfleliUely- 
 hoodit carried with it of a truth. Every man iuppo'ed verily, it was noihingbut emulation, envy^ 
 and cankred malice, that cauicd Da/itu to charge: upon him that c<im:, which becaufe tbete wat 
 no witnoisto the contrary, he might untruly devile and more freely enforce agiinft him. And lo 
 for that time,tbey were both dilcharged the court. But Bl.iita never gJvc over to fallow ftill this 
 boldenterprite, but beat ftill upon this one point, (hewing how good and commodious the thing 
 
 n would be, botbtotbemrcives in private, and to their country in common, until he had wrought 
 bim lo, and won him to grant, that the Carthaginiaa garrifon, (and tbolc were Numidians) toge<- 
 thcr with the City Sa/apm, fhouid be rendrcd unto MarceSu*. But without much bloudlbed they 
 could not jjoftibly be thus betrayed and delivered .-for they were the moft hardy and valiant botfe- 
 men by far,ot all the Carthaginian army. Wherefore, albeit they were taken on a fuddain unpro- 
 vided, and haa no uleof Hoi (es within the City, yet witbfuch weapons, as in futh a fuddain lu- 
 inuU and uprore they could catch and come by, firft they aflayed and gave the venture to break 
 through and cicape a way : and when they law that they could by no means favc tbcaifelves and 
 get forth, they fougtit it out to the lali manluUy , even unto dci:h • To as there were not of them a- 
 bove fitty left alive, and came into the hands of the enemies. And lurely, the lofs of this cornet o£ 
 
 £ Hotlcmcii, was a greater dammage unto .#tf»i>«^<!/, thantaefotgcingof5<j/<yM; for ntver from 
 that day fbrwaid, bad >^««/^^^ the upper hand in cavalry, which was the only (a vice whereby 
 ever before he oioft prevailed. 
 
 Much about th-; fame time the Ciftle of Tarentum was ftreightly diftrelTed for want of vitSj- 
 als, and hardly could endure ana bold out any longer The only hope thac the Roman garriion 
 bad, which lay there, and the Captain thereof /U.Livim theConftiblcoFtheCalUe, wasintnc 
 provifion lent out of 5«<ri/r. tor the tafe convoy whereof, along th: coali ot Ita!j, thereridat 
 anchor a fleet welneci ol twenty fail before ^Aiff*«w. 1 he Admiral ot this liect appointed to 
 waft thelcvidua's from time to time, wasoneDfow OumiWi a man of ojlcure bitthand Data 
 parentage, bowbeit, for many worthy afts and teats ot arras, much renowned ii; martial 
 J: glory. 
 
 At the firft he had the charge bat of five (hips, whcreoftwo o; the greatcft, which were three 
 banked Gallics, were allowed him by Marcellm: afterwards, upon hisgoud lervice, wh;ti he had 
 born bimfelt bravely in many coniliLts, hehiJ three more commuted unto him. and thole were 
 of five bank? ot oars, until at laU himlclf, by cailuig upon the confederal Cuies, i%Rl:cg!um^ 
 Vtlia, and PMfiuvtf tor the fhips due by covenant unto the people of R.pte^ he had made a prciy 
 Armido,asisabovtlaid,of twenty fail. As this fleet Dad diianchoted and was gone from Rbegi- 
 mm, Dtmocrdtes with the like Armado for i.umbcr of 1 aicntinO^ps, encoutitrcd almolt hve 
 le»gucs from the City or' Tartntum, at a port called SAcnfortm. It foi tuned at that time , that the 
 Reman Aamiral, little looking toi any battel, casne forth under lail only, tut about Crfffe^rani 
 
 G S'h^iTU, he bad furniflied hi?, Ihips witli Rowers aifb, and lo his fleet tor the bigntls and talnels 
 of toe Vcflels, was aei; appointed. ?nd lutticiently armed and manrcJ. And even then ic bap- 
 red at oncti.re, that b th the boilteiout wind lay, andthc encmioa-'b were WJtfain ker.ning, 
 loas tLc:y Dad.carcciiuiecr.ofghtotit icieir tjckling, to make reacy their Rowers, andtuletm 
 ordc their ligh ing men. againlt a skirmfli tha: wai U> nee : reward. I here -^ ai not ligtJtly teen 
 * greater 1.0 flitfl, hught'morc Qcily and titce'.y bctv^ci.;) twoiovai Ariii:»d«tsthat aftrjnted 
 one anocncf, than between tbde imall fleets, For wby,thcDattcl wajlujagiCJttrmattetjiDitnall 
 I " ^' ■ Y V 3 - - - sbeis
 
 aqS , T'he fix and twentieth Boo}\ofT,\JWm%, 
 
 their fhips came to. The Tarentins maintemed the fight ittcre csgttly, becaute they v. ere dcfirous H 
 to recover their Caftlc out o( the Romans hinds, astncy had done their City, after one loo years 
 almoP, during wbich time, they had been out ot the pofftflion thereof s hoping; thereby, if the* 
 couldbemaftersot the Sea once by fomefoitunatand viftorious battel, to cut off and inrerceptaH 
 hope of viftuils from the eneinies. Ttie Ronjins on the other fide belHrted themitlvcs as iuflily 
 that by keeping the poir::ffic>n of the Caftlc, all the world might fee, that Taremarn was not lolt 
 by f^rce, clean iticng hand ¥abur,but betrayed by flealth and treachery. So they (oundtd i he bat- 
 tel from both parts, and ran affront one at another, with the beaks and ftems of their prows, and 
 neither ftaid lOwing smiin forward, norluffercd their enemy to part or go afide from them, until 
 they dofed and grapi'd their fhips together, by the means of iron hooks like hands. And (o neer 
 they buckled, in hot and furious fight, that not only they difcharged fhot aloof one sgainft ano- I 
 ther, but alfo they coped together (as it were) foot to foot, at hand flrokes with fwordfight. 
 Their prows and for-fhipsfluckgrapled toj^ether, while the poops and hm-dccks were driven t- 
 bout with contrary oars of f he adverfe part. So neer and fo thick withal flood the Qiipsand within 
 fb narrow a room, tnit "carcc Oue dart light into the water in vain, and did no barm. With their 
 beak-heads they tfliiled one another, as it had been on land fight, and fodofe they were, that the 
 iouldiers might paffe oJt of ona fliip into another, as they fought. Howbeit, t wo ihips there were 
 above all the reft, that maintained a notable fight, and in tha vanguard and forefront of the battel, 
 invefted one another mofl: futioufly. In that of the Romans was Qam'.iHi himfelf in perfon,and in 
 the other of the farentms, was on: AT/co, furnaaied firrc», a min not only odious unto the Ro- 
 mans, for the publick quarrel between both ftates, but alfo malicionfly bent, upon a private Ip'ght K 
 and rancour, as banking with that faftion, wbich had betrayed Tarentum to Annthal. This Nico | 
 
 elpy iog Qjiintiiu both righting and aKo encouraging his men withal, charged biin at unawares.and -I 
 ran him quite through wifb a partifan : who was not fo foon fain forward headlong upon the tore- I 
 
 deck, armour and all bjs the Tarentin following the train of his vidory, and feeing the (liipdif- 
 ordered and troubled for the lofTe of their leader.lurtily came forward,and boorded her ; laid about 
 liim mantolly.andput by the enemies out of bis way,untilthcTarentinswete malt crsot the prow 
 and lore-caitlc. Whiles the Romans had much ado (fo thrumbled they were and thfult together 
 diforderly) to defend and keep the poop and hind deck; with that, another gglly of the enemies 
 ippesftdon afuddain,ardchsrgedthe bind-part. So the Roman fhip in the midft between both, 
 was boorded on every lide, and taken. Whereupon all therelt weiegrcitiyteriified,iecj:ig (heL 
 Admiral- fhip wis won by the euemyrand they fled on all hands. Some wete funk in the deep Sea, 
 fome made tiad with their oars, and tcudded to the land, but anon were a prize and prey to the 
 Thurins a. id Mctapon'/ns. But of the Hulks and Caricks, which were fraught With vidlual, and 
 followed after, very few there were that fell into the hands of the enemies .• the refl fhihing and 
 turning their fails crois, this Wi:ycs and that wayes, according to the inconlhncy of the wind, re- 
 covered the ii:»in Sea. 
 
 But about Tttrrmfm at the fame time, their fortune was nothing fo good. For whereas there 
 wcntoutotthe Townupon a tmir rfionland men a foraging, for to purvey corn, Lji'/z^jConftable 
 otthc Caltle andCaprainofthc girrifon, Ipying his tin.eCashe waited ever for all opportunities) 
 made out of the iaid C»l' le 2000 ar oed iouldiers, under the leading of C. Perfiw a valorous and yi 
 iiidtiftiious mavi.- who I -r «pon the Tarentins Itragling out of order, and difperied in wandering 
 wife over the fields ; and afttr hi" had followed a long time the execu:ion, killing them heie and 
 there as he cncountred tncm ; tde relt, which were but few left of fo many.he chalcd to the Tovvn; 
 for ihey made haft in preat fearthiiber, and were let in at the gates ftanding half fliut, for fear left 
 at the lametandon the Town fliould have been loft. So the Tarentins and Romans, whjnihey had 
 made the reckoning, put up ail on even hand. For the Romans were winners by land, the Taren- 
 tins at Sea; and both ofthcmdiiappointed alike ofthcir hope of corn,which was prcfentcd to their 
 eyes but they never taftcd thereoi". 
 
 At the fame time L<ez'/»«,. the Conful, after a good part of the year was gone about, anivedin 
 Sictlj, greatly txpc(fid and locked for, as well by the old allies as the new •• and the hrft thing of N 
 ill other and molt impount, hi; fuppofcd, wai together with this new peace, tofettleandcoin- 
 polcthe SiatLQt 5fr(ic«/w, le» much difordcrcd and out of frame. Afterthar, he led his legions to 
 uigrigtmnm^ wUcrc only there reniained the rcltques of war ; which City was kept by a fttong 
 gairiion of Ca'.hagimans. There fortune favoured bis fir(}-dc'ign$, //<j»»tf chanced to be the 
 General over the Carthaginians, but he wholly relied and repoled all his hope in A^«(/»«r/ and 
 the Numidisos. 1 his Mut^nes had tanged all over Sictly at his pleafare, and railed booties out 
 ot the tenifoties ami Lsndsof the Ron.aniffociats, and by i7o force or policy could he be inter- 
 cepted of ois padi^c back to ^^rr^f«;«w, nor yet be pinned within ihe City, but that he would 
 illue forth whenlucvtr he hftta. 1 his glory of bis, bccaufc now it checked fas it werc^ the fame 
 an! honour of the General, turned the man atlength to dilpleslure and danger .• foa$, wbatgoodO 
 fei vice toevtr was atchicved, it was never well taken by Wd««!?, nor joyoufly accepted, m re- 
 gard of the perlbn, who was aprickalwayesin hiscye. Whereupon in the end he gave away 
 the Capiainniipot/i/««/»« from himlclf, andbeftowcd itupon hisownSon: thinking, chat to. 
 getber with his government and command, he fhouldlofe all bis authority and reputation slfo 
 among the Nuaiidians. But it fell our tar otherwile. For rhe morct hat ne was in dilgrace and 
 di&favuuc wuh Hannoj the greater grew the old favour and love of the Numidians toward bim. 
 
 Neitber
 
 The fix and tmentietb Boo{ ofT. Livius, 407 
 
 A Neither could he ftimlelt endure any longer the ua worthy wronq and indignity cftered unto him .• 
 ind t^'eretore in revenue be prelcntly difpatched certain locrecmfflngers unto /..fZ'/ww/. with 
 cred-ncc, that he woild betray and deliver w^r/f *»?«/« into his hinds. By th? mediation ot" 
 thele mte'Courriers, t hc-c patied iutficicnt fecuriry and allurance between then .• and the matter 
 bclne, coticitKlcd, the nunner alio oi- contriving the plot, was agreed upon. Wherejs therefore 
 iheNumidians were poHefled, and had the uuard of thatgarc that opcncth toward the Sta: attet 
 ihcy hsdeither driven outtheold warders from thence, or kilkdthciu, they let in the Romans at 
 the 'amc gate inro the City, who were lent of purpole, according to the foimer agreement. And 
 wh II I hev marched up into the tnidll of the City,evcn to the market placcwlth oanner dilplaicd, 
 and with great lutrult and noi:e; Hanno fuppofirg it was nothing elle, but a I'editious uprilingot 
 
 B the Numidiansi'liKcastbey had done lometimes before^ came forth as to appcaieandllay a mu- 
 tiny and ctimmotion. But dilcovtring a greater multitude atar ofl.than the Numidians were; and 
 heating withal the Romans to iliout, witbthe manner whr;reofhis ears had been well acquainted 
 before time, he took bim to his beds ere he came within the dart-lliot. And bring let out at a 
 back poUcrn gate,<aking with him Eptcides^he recovered withfomc few oth^r the Sea iiJe,where, 
 a good hip waSj they lignt upon a imail Dark or pinnace : and lo leaving Sicily to the enemies, 
 tor which thctt had bren much (liife fo many yearv together, they palled over into ^jfric'^j. The 
 mul'i'uuc lefides roth of Carthaginians and Sicilians, without any skirmillieitherbcgun or in- 
 tended, (led like olidd men they wiit not whither .• and finding allwajes made up, and no piffagc 
 toith, they were mifcrably risin and hewn apieces about the gates. L*w««« being poflcflcdottna 
 
 C Town, cauled all ihc chicl men and rulers of the City, to be beaten with rods, ar:d to lofc their 
 beaos.- all the reft together witbthe pillage be (old in pott-lale, and the moryy that was rai.ed 
 thereof, he lent to Ac^wf. 
 
 Whe the new;, f th's misfortune of the Agrigentins wasbbwn over 5<V//;,all at orce turned 
 Roman, a d Ar.nifialMi all. Tor in Ihoit (pace there were »o Towns betrayed andyceldcd, iix 
 forced b> iiTauit, and ro the number of 40 voluntarily furt^ndted totbe devotion and protcftion of 
 the Ko . sns. The principal noble men of which btatcs, after that the Confuls had cither reward- 
 ed or puniihed atci-nding to their leveral demerits, and compelled the Sicilians gcncrilly to lay 
 bv arms \^A <vcapons, and to take ihem elves to the plough, for to ear, 'iU,and low thtic grounds; 
 to the et d that the Hand might bring forth fruit, not only to luftain and maintain the natural iuha- 
 
 p bit ants thcrfcf . but alio to eale the price of corn and viftuals in the City of Romi, and throughout 
 all Italy, like as it had done many times before •• be tranlpottcd over with bim into halj a tabolc 
 »nd damned crew of uorulv people tiom AgatirHa. borne four tbr uland there were of tfaem,a 
 confuted niulti.'udcotall lorts, a very miiumalli and finkjduogiiil of vile and wretched perlons, 
 molt of theii! Outlaws, Bankrupts, and notorious malefaftors, m dangeruf d^»;h by this laws of 
 their Cities where they lived. And bemgflcd their coUiitneSjlome for ont fail, fomo for aaaiher, 
 they chanced all upon likefortuneto lore tbcmlelves (as comawn'.y birds of afeatber WMifi;e to- 
 gether,^ and at .-Jgactma, they made choile like outlaws, to live; by robbing and ipoiiing.-a idtais 
 was 'heir only proteflian and trade. L,«i'/*.'«;« thought it nogood policy to leave ocbindtiimthclc 
 good fellows in an Hand, which began out now upon new peace 10 kni; and unite a^^ain ; fur fear 
 
 glelt they would minilter matter of innovation and change ; and befides there wa;iroiiie^;ood ule 
 of thtm a,iic;ng theKhegins, for to forage and rove about the Bra' ians country .• for iu.h they 
 Hood in need of, and had laid for a company wnicb were acqjaintcd vvith thecving and Healing. 
 And lo this year made anet'd ofthe warmi'^c//;'. 
 
 P. Scipto L. Dcpu*y and (Lieneral in Spain, having in the prime and beginning of -pririg put his 
 flilps to Sea and fit 'hcmafloie, and byanedid fummoncd allthe aias of theallics toiepairto 
 the Reitdcz.voM \\.7t;racon -, gave order a:;d coniaiandmcnt, that as well the fh'ps of war as of 
 charge and burden, fliould from thence let forward, and fliew tbim.tTvesat thcm> uthof the 
 Rivtr Ibirm. And after he bad given direftion md charge, tl at the legions from out of their 
 winter barbtrs, (Tiould there meet togrt her, bimlelf accompanied wiih five thouiand of his allies 
 cput h;mlcif on his journey to his main army. Being thitncr come, he thought it good to make 
 f ome Iptech to the old louldiers elpttially, as many as retr.amcd Jihvc sfier lo great defeats and 
 oveifhrows, a*id when he had allembl;d them all togethtr to an audience, in tnis wii'cbefpake 
 unto them. ■' Never was there new Gcntial before my felt, that could by good rijibt, and in 
 *' regard otdefert, render thanks unto his Jouldicrs before he had employtd them, and made TheOranon 
 "tryal of their good fervice. But as fo; me, before I ever came within (igb* of this Piovince, i°|j^„^|||^j°j"' 
 "before J tnrrcd my governrnt-nt and law the camp, ior(U:ic brh oblgedii.c, and made mc be- 
 •' bclden unto you. Firlt, tor jour kindnels and zealous aftirttion to my taibei and to inme un- 
 '*cle, both while they lived, and when they were dead, :iecondly inihat whei the polkflion 
 " of thts Province was loit ; ai'tcr lo pi cat roils and cvci throws, ; e have by you' venae and va- 
 Q'^lour recovered the .ame again, and kept ii cniuc toihc 'thoof of '.h«. people < < R m<^ and my 
 'M'elf, the next luce Hor in pUcc of ioveraipn lulc a.-.i c^>mm:rd. bin foutniu'^n asuur fu I 
 "puvpole and prrLnr refoluti -n is, bytheleive, tavuur, and puwtr or the tjcd;., not lo much 
 "to hold the poHcffion i ur I'evcs and a;;deio S"ff<!//» rur todilpoikff. ihe '.^rtu^; .'laii- that 
 "they may have nofot;ting nor a: i.dc av all ihtrc : a. d t.ncc tfic thir^that vc go u^oU', is not 
 «« to ftand keeping the oink of ibcm*. for toltop the paft3j.;e rt mc enemy ; but to ^ive tiic at- 
 "tcmpto piflcoverouriclvcsby foice; yea, and tbiteAithnitotraiiipori tin. wai over vvuh
 
 4 $8 "jThefix and wentieth Bor\ofT, Liviiis. 
 
 "us into bis own country , and to come faoine unto him. I fear me greatly, left this will Teem h 
 " unto Come of you a greater dcdgnment, and more aadacious enterprile of aiine, than may ei- 
 "ther(uit and Lrt with the frefli remembianceof tho(clatedefcatj,orftand well with my young 
 '* and unripe age. The foils and unfortunit fougbten fields in Spaii«, can be of no man in th« 
 «' World forgotten later than of my fetf, wbofe father, whole Uncle, were within the (pace o£ 
 J' JO dayes there fliin, to the cod that forrow upon furrow, funeral apon funeral, one monmful 
 *■ death alter another, fhould infortunatly be heaped upon out home and familya But as this de- 
 *' lolite eftate and deled almoft of all my houfe and name( wherein 1 only,in manner,am left alivs 
 *' of my tKcj wouodeth my heart and makes it bleed, as often as I think ot it •• to th^ poblick foc- 
 *« tune and vertue of the Common- weal, reviveth my (pirit again, and will notfuffir metodc- 
 «' (pair totally of the Itate ol this Empire : conlidering the deiimy »nd Providence of the Gods, I 
 
 • whereby it is a thing given onto h-:, and our luck hath ever been, that howioever wehaverecci- 
 '^ved overthrows in all great wars and dangerous battails, yet inthe end, we have gone away 
 «« with the vidory. I omit tofpcak of old examples, of /*e>/f»<« oftbe Gjuls.and Simnits: and 
 "I will begin at thePunick wars. How many armadots and ileets, how many brave Ca^tains^ 
 <'bowmany valiant and poiHant armies were thctelott and ihiicar<icd, during the foroier f And 
 (' What (boald 1 fay of this in our dayes ^ In all the defeats and overthrows, I was either prefent 
 <'my Iclftnperlon; orif I werenot inar>y ot them, yet I am fare, I was he that felt the (mart of 
 'Mbem,me>reihan any man elle whatfoe»er. The River 7reiia,:he mere TAr<a/; w<r»»«, the Town 
 «« Canna, what aretbey elfc? tut the very Icpukhrcj and touib* ol the llomao armies there hewn 
 
 *» in pieces, and of their Confuls (lain. Ano thereto, the general levolt ot Ita/jt the i ebellion of j^ 
 ^'Sicilf^ the falling away of the greater pirt ot Sardtnia. Moreover ind belidcs, this laU af'rigbt 
 " and terror ; namely, the Carthaginians camp pitched between ^inh and the i\U or Rome, and 
 «« jiuKihtllecn well neer, as conqueror at the very gates of our City. In ibtlc lo great ruins and 
 «« adver(e diftrefles ot our (late, yet the venue alone and valour ot the people ot Rome oatn itooi 
 «up>igbi,lonnd, andimmurable : yea, and hath railed up again and let on foot, allibai wiicahy 
 *' along on the ground. You ohiy, my vaiorous fouldiers,v\cre the ntlt, tnat atter the di.comhtute 
 «' ot ^auMfiodev the Icadipig and gond Jortune ot ray father, wi' hitood Afdiubalxn bis journey ai.d 
 
 * expedition toward the /lips, put poling to go down into Italy } who it be bad joyred with bis 
 ♦'brother ^nnihtl^ certainly by this day, there had remained no memory ot the Roman name. 
 ♦' And in V( ty trutbt tbe'e afitairs tailitig out Co proi peroufly , n)ade amends and rccompence tor all t. 
 '' ibe former loffcs, But now through the goodnclsot the Gods, all things prolper and go well 
 *' forward : and the aftairs ot Italy and StalyboVa, m«nd daily, and are every day better than 
 *' other. In Sicilfy SjracHfe and ^^rtgctituw are won and wholly outi: the enemies be driveo' 
 *'■ out of all the Hand, and the itate is reduced imo the form of a Province, lubjed to the people of 
 ** Rome, and under their cbciiince. In Ita/y, the Town ot ^rpi is recovered by furrendcr, the 
 
 *' City of CapMn is forced by aOault. Amibal bimleif » having mealured all the way^ (but in fear- 
 
 * full baft and in manner tf a fljgh') as long as it is from ^««»# to the Btutians country fin high 
 " C*tahia,) is there driven up into the tuitbeft angle and corner tbercut, nothing mo c wilhing 
 *' and praying for at God» hands no m, than to be able to re* ire and get away late out ot bis cne- 
 *'micsLand. What thing then wetc Itffebefccmirg, my hardy louldiers, than th's, Ityou wboj^ 
 *bave luflained and upheld the decaying and down-falling citate of the Roman Empire in this 
 
 " Pr>*vince. you (I <a) ) togciter with my two parents ( wbotn for the reverence that I owe to 
 
 • ibem, give me have to make equal, and to bonuur with (bit name) at what time as calamities 
 " and lolies, hapned luddenly one m the neck of anotber,and theGodi tbemfelves (eemed to :akc 
 " part and ftand with Anmbal ; ihould now let fall your courages and be taint- hearted, bccaulc vix 
 " thole Provinces atorefaid, all (bm^sgo wellto our besrtsdefircand great contentment. Asfoc 
 *' the late mistortun s and ad verfitus a hicb have hapned here, would to God they bid piUed over 
 ''without lorrow, as well ^^f ny p»rt,asof youts. But for the p'cfent,the immortal Gods, Prote- 
 *' (5fors and Governors of the Roman Empire, who infpired into the minds and hearts ot ill iho 
 
 *' Centuries, to wifti and cduie tnc to this pUc« of foveraigo honor, even the fame Gods by augu- N 
 " ties and aufpicesjby all tokens ot( he buds either by flight or fight, yea.and by vifionsallo intba 
 *' night leaion, do portend, fignitie and promile unto tne, all good fpeed and happy fuccefle : yei 
 , "and mineownmindgivctbme, ('whicn ever hitherto, bitb been to me the ru; p-opfc, and 
 
 •'never deceived mc^that all !>;)«»* is ou sand that within Qiort time the whole i^uOicknara; i.ni 
 " ration, being expelled and driven t ut from hence, (hall (il! all Seas and Lards with their ihame- 
 <' full and difhonotablcflii^h.t. That which my Ipirit and foul ot it Icltpreiagetb, the fame doth rea- 
 " (on alio conclude by mol' certam and intallible dcinonltrition. The allies and ibbjeits here of 
 " tbcCirth3gin,ans,oppreflcd and wronged by tbtm, have humbly bythcit En.baHldors craved 
 "onra dard loccuur. The Captains General ot their tore cs, being at diffeieocc and odds all three 
 *'smongtt-.emielves, intomuch as they hid like to have departed and revolted ooetVom the other, q 
 "bavcdiCraded and didnembred their forces into thee pans, and bellowed them in three lever- 
 '' all countries, molt removed and dilhntafunder. Aid no doubt, the like lor unc is ready totall 
 "upin their beads, which lately was our undoing and overthrow, upon theUmcoccalion. Foe 
 •'< ven as wc before were fonakcnol the Celtiberisns, lo aie rnry now abandoned of their allieJ. ' 
 " Bcfides, they psried and divided their armies alunder .• which was the onlv c»ule that brought 
 "tbc utter rum and dcftruftion uptin my father and unck, And be y e lute, thai tbcirinteltine 
 
 •-■"r-- '- . «^dilcord
 
 Hjefix and tmentietb Boo^of T. Li viusi 405? 
 
 A " difcord and diffention, will never fufFer them to joy n friendly and unite again in one. And thus 
 "fingled as they are, they cannot poinbly withltand our puifiance. Now tny ibuldiers, toryoui- 
 " part, do but favour the name of the Scipiot .- do but affi^iS and love mc.the iflue 2nd off ("pringof 
 "yournoble Generals,budding forth again (as it were) out ot the old (lock,cut down to thcroot.'^. 
 ** Go to, oldfouldiers, and redoubted lcrvitors,withbon-couragc<etoverthe River Ihiriu a ne\v; 
 "army and a new Captain: pa(s over with them into thorcLsnds,vvhich ye have otten conquered, 
 ** and wherein ye ha^e archieved rr,any valiant and memorable aifls. And for my felf, 1 will fo 
 *' endeavour and tffert, that as ye nowagniJe in me, the re(cn blanceof my fathers and uncles vi- 
 " fage and countenance, the lame feature, proportion, and linestnent s of the body .• lo I will 'be w 
 " and rcprel'ent unto you, the tioe pattern and portraicture of thtir 1 pint, wit, faithftiinels.and vcr- 
 
 B '• tue, even as the txprels and lively image taken and drawn from their own I elves •• in luch fort, as 
 «' every mm may lay, That Captain Scipto is either rifen from the dead, or new born igain. Ha« 
 vingby this Oration, incenled and inflamed the courages, ofhislouldiers, zmMth Sjliinas \vith a 
 guard of three thoaland foot, and three hundred Horle, for the defence cfthstcoaft ;hL- tranl'por- 
 tcd over the River /^fr«f, nil the red of his forces, amounting to the numberot five and twenty 
 thoul'and foot, and ;i5 nondrf d Horfemen. There he wasadviledby fome aboue him, leeirgtJie 
 Punick armies were dcpsrted into three countries lo far remote and dillite alhnder, to (et upon 
 and allail that which was next.' but he doubting and fearing left by that means befiioulddraw 
 them altogether, and knowing that he was not able alone,to match and make his pau good with i'o 
 many bolts at once,determined in the mean while, to be doing withnewGr?T/vt^f,andtobeliege 
 
 C and alfault It. Tnis City, as it was rich and wealthy m it felf, (o it was full of all the enemies furni- 
 ture and provifionfor war. There was their armour kept, there WIS their money hid up, there re- 
 mained tne hoftagjs of ail Spntn, Befides,as it was leated commodiouflyto cr jfs over from thence 
 into ^4jfricks lo u Itood upon a convenient and Ufi^e havcn,able to receive and harbour the greateft 
 navy at Sea, and the only haven (if I be not deceived) of allthatcoaftand traft oi.?p4/«, whicb 
 boundeth next upon our Sea. But no man was made privy to his ddterminatioo, or knew whither 
 ibey fliould take their journey, fave only Lahui, He being lent about with the armado, haddi- 
 rcftion fo to tcmporile and guide his coarfc by fail and oar, that at one and the fcif fame inftant, 
 both i'ap/o might ptelent his Land forces if) the view of C^rr/Eirtj;.', and the fleet enter the haven. 
 So they depated from /^?rw, and within fevcn dayes came before the City q^ Carthage ^boi\\\>y Sea 
 
 "Q and Land. His camp he pitched on the nortb-fidc of the City: which he entrenched and fortified 
 on that outward back patt.that flood f artbelt from the City .• as for the fc.refront,it was by riatural 
 fituationof the ground, defended lurely enough. For thefiteof C<jr>7;<r^eisinthis fort. There is a jj^g fimatioii 
 gulf or creek of tbe Sea, in the middle coaft and river well neer of jrp^/K, oppoiiic mo[t to the ot We» caf» ' 
 South-wefl wind, running & retiring in length within the Land half a mile,Dut lying out in breadth j/w^c. 
 fomewhat more. In the very mouthcf this creek, there is a little Hand from the open Sea; which 
 laveth,(hclterctb,anddefendcth the haven from all other v/indsjbiit only ttic South weft. From the 
 inmoftnookofthisbsy,thtrebearethouta promontory like ademy Hand, which is the very Hilioc 
 Cape whereupon the City is built. The lame on the Eaft fide and the Sou;h, iscompafled with the 
 Sea: from the Weft, itisenclofed with a lake or (landing mcar, which alio fpreadethfoiiewhat 
 
 E toward the North, of an uncertain depth ; which altertth according to the tide, and as the Sea ei- 
 ther ebfacth or floweth. Now, there is an elbo or bank of firm ground, fomewhat lelie than a quar- 
 ter of a mile over, that joyncth the City with the main or continent. To thst fide (notwithltan- 
 diogit bad been no great piece of work there to fortifie) the Roman General caft no trench, noc 
 railed any rampier •• either upon a brave and hauty mind, to (he w the enemy how contidenily ha 
 truftcd in his own flrength j or becaule, whenfoever he advanced to the walls ot the City ('as 
 oftentimes he took occafion 10 to do)he might have open recourfe and rcgrels again into the camp. 
 But when the utter fide, which required fortifications, was hniftifd.he let the ibips in order with- 
 in the haven,making a (he w,as if he would befiege them alio on the water fide. And when he bad 
 gone through all his arma Jo, and given the Captains of the ftiips m charge, to look well to tbeic 
 
 p centinds and watches in the night ("for that ccmcionly enemies at their ficft befieging, make what 
 attempts and adventures they" can in every place) he returned into his camp. And becaule ha 
 would not only yeeld his (ouldiers good reaton of this bis defignment, in that he began war firft 
 and principally with the befiegingof that City ; but alio encourage them, and put thcmingooi 
 hope of the winning and conqueft thereof, he afl'embled them together, and dilcourfcd before 
 them in this manner, 
 
 "My valiant fouldicrs and trufty friends, If any man here thinketh, that yc are brought hither ThcOratJcr. 
 *'to afTail a City only, and there an end : he lathermaketh reckoning ot your pie'.eni pain and 't sdpioiQ\ia 
 "travel, than cafteth the profit and commodity thereof enluing. Foryefhall in vciy truth give ^""'diers, 
 " the aflault to the walls but of one City ; but in that one City yc fiiall be mailers irid conque- 
 
 G"rorsofalLS'/>.i/«. Hereliethe hoftagcsofalltheir Nobles, their Princes, and States. Andno 
 "fooncrftiallyebe Lordsotthsm, and have them in youi rule and cuftody, tut p.clcntly, all that 
 *' now is under the hands of the Carthaginians ir. 5p«'», will be iurrendered unto yoa, and at 
 *■ your devotion.Herc is all the money that the enemies hawc : without which. like as they arc not 
 " able to maintain war, ('as who wage and entertain all their armi s for pav ) 'o it will mightily 
 " (i-ead us f if we light upon it) in gaining the hearts of the bar bat jjs people, ir.ert are their engines 
 *' and artillery, here is their armour, beic is thur tackling and provifion for their navy, and al| 
 
 ••othct
 
 ^ oo T'hefix and twentietb Boo\ofT, Livius. 
 
 i 
 
 <* other munition and furniture for war : wherewith wc fhall both furnifti our (cives.and disfurnifti K 
 " the enemy. Gain wc {hall over and befidcs, not only right tair and beautiful,but alfo a mod rich 
 " and wealthy City ; yea, and more than that, of right great importance and confcquencc, in re- 
 *' gtrd of a goodly and (urpafling commodious haven : by means whereof, we may be provided 
 "both from Sea and Land.ot allttiings needful and requifite for the wars. Which, as they will be 
 "of great moment to us that fhall have them, lothey will be the greater lols to the enemy tbst 
 " (lull forgo them. This is their Caftle for ftrength, their gjrner for corn, their treafury for mony, 
 *'their armory, their arfenal: and in one word, their very ftorc-houle of all things whatfoevcr. 
 " Hither is the dif edl paffige and ftreight cut out of ^friel^i here is the only port and harbor for 
 '' Ihippingjbet ween the Iflinds of Gadet,oi Gehahar^iQd the mountains Pyrtnsi : from whence 
 ' all Sp(* H overlooketh (as it were) and commandeth Africk^. But knowing that you are well £ 
 " appoinred already, and prepared to the (ervicc,! will lay no more but this : Now for the bonouc 
 "of the Romans, Ictusgocouragioufly toit, and with all our might and main affault new C<ir- 
 '< thage. And when they all with one accord cried unto him, fo to do indeed, and that no other 
 thing was firfl to be done ; then he advanced before CMrth»ge,\.\3,zn he gave commandment to affail 
 it at once, by Land and Sea. Mago the Captain of the Carthaginians on the other fide} when be 
 faw preparation made by Water and Land to give the affault ; tor his part ordered his forces and 
 difpoltd them inthis manner. To make head againft the Romans on that fide where they lay en- 
 camped, beoppoled two thoufand Townfaien : with a guard ot five hundred (ouldiers he kept 
 the citadel : other five hundred be placed upon a little hill belonging to the City which looketh to 
 the Eaft : all the other multitude whatfoevcr, he appointed to make rcfiftancc in other pi aces, jj 
 where any outcries, fhouts, or fuddain alarms fliould be given. Then having fet open a gate, be 
 fcndeth thofe forth, whom he had arranged in that ftreet which leadeth direftiy to the camp of 
 the enemies. The Romans ^according as they were commanded by their Leader himfelf^ in the 
 beginning gave ground a little and retired, to the end, that during the time of skirmifh and corv- 
 flid, they might be neercr to the fupply of fuccoDts, which were to be lent to fecond them from 
 behind. And verily at the firll they Itood to it floutly on both parts, and there was no ods percei- 
 ved. But afterwards, theRomansbeingftillfreflilyreenforced from out of the camp, notonly 
 difcomfited the enemies, and put them to flight, but prcfTcd on them lo hatd,as they fled difordered 
 and out of aray, that if Seifi$ had not founded the retreat, it feemed, that they would have inter- 
 mingled thcmfclves pelmel with thofe that ran away, and lufhed into the City with them. With* j,; 
 in the City throughout there was no lefs fear than in the battel. Many courts of guard and other 
 places were abandoned, the curtein of the walls was left naked,and every man made what fhift be 
 could to leap down and efcape. Which when Seipio perceived (who now was turned to a mount 
 which they call MercUritu Teutata) and namely, that the walls were void of all the defendants, 
 he commanded all his fouldiers to iiTue forth of the camp, to fet forward to the afTault, and to brmg 
 laddersto fcale. Himfelf in perfon, defended with the (hields of 3 tall lufty young men going be- 
 fore him (for by this time they let flie afrefh from the walls a mighty volley of lli<pt ot all forts j 
 approached the City. There be exhorted, encouraged, and commanded them to do what was re- 
 quifite in this lervice. And that which made moft to enkindle the courages of the Iou!diers,lie was 
 there perfonally as an eye-witnefs and beholder of each mans valour orcowardife. Whereupon j^ 
 they Ruck not to run upon the very (hot, and to receive many a wound : and now notbmg could 
 keep them back ; neither the ff rength of tbe walls, nor the armed men that (food thereupcn, but 
 they fcaled driving who could mount upon the walls firff . At the fame time, that part of t he City 
 alio which the Sea beat upon, began to beaffailcdby thefhips. But from thence, it fhoula lecm, 
 they made more ado with boutingtnd hurrying, than eflfedlcd ought by any forcible afliuU. For 
 whiles they cime clofe to the walls with their Qiips} whiles they put forth their ladders and their 
 fouldiers; whiles every man laboured to gain the Land, the neerclf way be could.* what with their 
 (driving and had-making, they hindred one another. And by that time Muge had filled the walls 
 full of armed men, who let flie arrows, J avclins, darts, and all kind of (hot, whereof the y had ga- 
 thered together exceeding great (tore. But neither men, nor arrows and darts,nor any things elfe H 
 defended the wall lomucb as the very wall it I'elf. For few ladders they had that could reach up to 
 the top : and the longer any of them were, the more weak alfo tbey were. Whereupon, by rea- 
 lon that they who were climed up to the bighcd rounds, could not gain the parapet and difcbarge 
 the ladder, and yet fome or other dill clambred up after, the ladders being overcharged with the ' 
 weight, brake m pieces. Some again there were, that notwithdanding the ladders under thctn 
 held dill and dood unbroken, yet when they looked down from on high, their eyes fodazled, and 
 were overcall with a mid,that they lod their fight,and fell from the top to the ground.Thus when 
 ladders here, and men there, came tumbling down, and the enemies upon their good ipced grew 
 to be more hatty and hardy, the retreat was founded: which gave to the befieged within the lown 
 not hope only of prelent red and intermiffionoffo great labour and toil, but alfo aflured them in q 
 manner, for the time to come, that tbe City was tenable againd all fcalades, although it were 
 inveded therewith round about. And as for fabricks and mounts to be raifed and planted againft 
 h, they were not only difficult and hard to be performed, but alio would ask fome long time .• and ,• 
 Minider in the mean while, fpace fufficient for the other Generals of their own to come to the I 
 rctcue. But fcarce was the iird aflaull fully ceafed, when Scifio commanded other frefb and > 
 
 untoilcd louldiers, to take tbelscidets of them tbat were wearied already and wounded, and 
 
 • " ' ■ - ^^^
 
 The fix and mentktb Bool^ofT. Livius. 501 
 
 jk with grc«er violence to give a new Camifado. Himftlt, (o loon as he undcrftood thj' \t. f< as cbo 
 and low water, having been advertiiej oyccitain fiflimncnof 7<«r<»ctf« fwhokinfcjmes v<.'i:»i 
 light boats ufcd to row, and otbdr whiles when their vcflcls (oucbcd the grouua, «o waJc ill over 
 the lake upon firm ground) 'hat men might eafily palictothe walls on foot : thiciierto tbac pl*ce 
 be brought all his louldicfs to the aPfalt. Ic wa>now alMoit noon-tjdecltheday 5 aud befidcs 
 that ihc water of it tclt naturally Kli with the ebb into ttic Sea. there was a good tound northern 
 wind arufe which dravc the waier out o^ dif hke (vhich now was well talnj after the tidt, and 
 dilC'ivercd fuch (liailows, that wnereas in !0(ne piacts thereof they went op to tne navel, in loma 
 ■gain they waded icarce knee deep. Wl ich sbeu Scipio knew well to dc an ordinary thing in 
 £ ra uial 'ealon, and therefore with pood torecalt had nude provjfion accori:*i;igly to take that ad- 
 van, age, yet he turned iiio a miraculous and prodignus accident, attributing all to the imuicdiate 
 handy-wotk of the Gods.- as who to give palTa^e a -d footing to the Romans, had turned back 
 the courie and current of the Sea, dilchargtd Iskcs f'heir water, and opened waycs unto them, 
 that never before wcretroden with thcl'oleof manifDoti-'and tbcrewun he wiledhislouldiers 
 to^oWoYi Ntptttngy the guide and Lcadcrof the way, and to p»iTe Dcl^iy rnroui^biht: midsoitbe 
 lake clolc to tbt very walls. On the Land iide the aliailanti had rxcccd.ng trouble in (landing un- 
 der the walls: f.irnot only they were hmdred by rea'on that the tuttcin was fohigh; but alio asi 
 they went, they lay open and under their l"hot, and wtMC woundtd both wayes, (o as theirflanks 
 and (ides were more annoyed as they approacfied under, than their faces and forefront of their bo- 
 
 P dies. Bat on the other part, as ibcy went quietly and eaiily through : be ii.car to the wall, iotbey, 
 climcd lb' waid as lecurcly to the very top chcreof. For ncKher was it tlrongly foiificd with bul- 
 warks i.ot i4ilcdfoany heighrby injullryandart of man, as being fuppo fed by natural fituation of 
 ihe place, and rheft^ndi.ig lakebefiJes, ftrong enough and lufficteniy defended •• nor any guard 
 of a roed men were rhere in watch and vY«rd, opiiol'edagainit the iHailants.- whiles every man 
 wa. uf ,»n3 wholly intended torclp tberc, from whei^ce lome danger was feen. The Romans 
 being thu^ cnired 'Qe Oiy over the walls wirhojt iny skirmifh, matched from thence with what 
 lpi:.d they cou'd, umo thst gate, about whicntU tne hj^ht and hot skirmiQi was already begun; 
 for there nr> t only ail their minds were bent a. id aiiiuied, but ^lio their eyes and ears were toccupicd 
 and podelkd; whiles lome fought, 01 hers looked on a;id encouraged the ngber^o- in (uchlort, 
 
 ^ that there was none of them all once perceived or kn.w,t^attiicC'ty was tJkc:n and iurprilcd be- 
 hind tberoj before the darts flew about their ears and light apon taeir bsck parts, ana until ibey 
 had the enemies both befote and behind. Tht;) not only the walls were tskcn (when the defca- ^^^ cmhsn 
 dantsupona twofold fear, weredrivcntoabawdootbein) but alio the gate troaiwithinfoith and ^okcA byS«^ 
 without, began to be broken down .• and anon, after continual running and beating againft it, the pi», 
 leaves thereof perforce flew apeeces, becaule rhercroitht be notbing^oimpeachor letthemin 
 their [entrance : then the armed iouldiers brake ir> mi>lt furioufly. Jv'iany already had Iciled the 
 wails, and got over, but they turned and betook thcmfelvcs everywhere to raaffacie and make 
 havock of ttie Townfmen. But the main battel, which cntred m at the gsce withtheii CaptainSj 
 01 derly by companies and ranks in their array , marched forward through the midft of the City to 
 
 £ the market place. From whence Safin might lee the enemies Hie two wayes, fomc to the tor- 
 trcis upo 1 the hill aforclaid, which ftsnjeth to the Eal), and was kept with a guard of five hun- 
 dred louldicrs : others into the citadel, in'o which .<J/4t^<»himfelf, with ail the aimed men in a 
 minner. who were driven from the walls, had retired ana fled for to lave hirafelf. Whereupon 
 be tent 4 part of his forces to win the faid Hill, and himfelf inperfon led the reft tolhe Caltlc. 
 And as 'be fort upon the Hill was taken at the firft aflault and onlet given, lb Mago, after he had t 
 while made lome means to defend the Caftle, llcing all places full of enemies, iwarmingcvery- 
 wh«e, and no other hope, ycelded bimlelf, the citadel, and the garri on. Until the Caltla was 
 furrendrcd and given up, there was nothing but murdering and killing all over the City, and not 
 one fpared that leemed to be fourteen years old and upward, if they came in their way. But then, 
 
 p upon the found or Trumpet the execution ceafed, and the Conquerors fell to faccage and pillage, 
 whicn of all forts ro(c to a mighty thing. Of free born/ucb as were of male lex, there were taken 
 piiioners loouo. Then, fo many of them as he found tobcnaturalcitixensofC<jrr/;<*jf, hcdii- 
 II iiied and let po free, and reflorcd unto them not only the City, but alio their own goods.which 
 the Hrtt fu y and rage of warriors had left uMtouched. There were of Attifans and handicrafts- 
 men, lome two thoufand.- thofe by an edid he pronounced to be bond, and adjudged them is 
 copfiicatc, tofervcthi Common- weal of the people of Auw??.- yet with lome hope, that lliortiy 
 they might obtain tbeit freedom again, in cafe they performed good fcrvice , and fhewed ihem- 
 Iclves diligent in all minifterier and offices of war. The reft of the multitude of inliabitantsjucb 
 >s were aWe and young luff y m.-.n, z% alio the ftout and ftutdy bondmen, he awarded them to the 
 
 C fli'ps, for to fjrn.fli up the Dumber of Gaily- flavcB and Rowers, and wiih the eight flaips of war, 
 which he took captive in the hav»!n, he encrcal'ed his own Arinado. Belidcs all this multitude, 
 there were alio the boflages of the Spaniards above written, of whom he took as great care, and 
 as good regard, as if they had been the children of All'es siidaflociits. A mighty deal of warlike 
 iriillery and oidinance was there found aud feized on. Ol Catapults of tb; grcatelt l.ze 1 2", of a 
 leflerlort 281. Balilts lome greater, lome (mall} of them 33,of thclejz. OfScorpions and Cros- 
 bows to Ihoot quarrels as well great as I'mall, and likcwile of delenfivc armour, and oflfinfiva 
 weapons, a huge deal, and a marvellous quantity. Military enfigns 7 i. Of gold and filler there 
 
 was
 
 ^Q% Thjix and tn^entieth Boo^pfTlAw ms. 
 
 was a mighty mafs brought unto the General. Golden cups or bolls there Wfre ■?7<5, every one H. 
 weighing almoft one pound. Of filvct tryed, wrought, and coyned, iSjoopouno weight: and 
 much plate and veflels otfilver. All this CFlaminitu the Trealurer, received either by weight or 
 tale. Ot wheatthere was 40000 Modii, of barly 270000. Or barks and .hips of burden, there were ' 
 in t be haven won by force , and taken, 1 1 3 . Some w ere fraught with corn, armour, brafs befides, 
 and iron, fail-cloth, and hemp, or fpart for cables and ropes, alfo with tirnoer for fhip- Wrights. 
 Carthage the Town it felt, in fo great (lore ot v/eaitband watlike provifion, was theleaftof all 
 other. 
 
 That day Seipio, having committed the charge of guarding and keeping 'he City unto Ltliut 
 and the manners, brought back the legions into the camp, and commanded the fojldierstorchefh 
 iheir budics with tooQ and reft, wearied as they were, and over-laboured in one day with all man- I 
 rer of toil and work tbat belongeth to war-fervice: as who, had both tought a battel in the field, 
 and alio taken (o great pains, and undergone fo much hazard and danger, in aflantti ig and forcing 
 the City, > ei, and after it was woo, Dad fought with diladvantage of ground, with ttioVe that were 
 fled into the CaHle. 
 
 " Tne next day, »fter he had c«lled both fouldicrs and mariners together, fti ft he rendred laud and 
 . *' praile, yea, and thanks unto the immortal Gods, who in one day had not only made him Lord of 
 " the molt mighty and wealthy City in all Sfawy but alio had laid up tor him thete againft his co- 
 " mio2,alltbe riches well-neer of ^;^r»£-^ and 5/)<i««: whereby as the enemies now had nothing 
 " left them, lo he and his had all things plentiful. Then be commenced the vertue and valour of 
 « his lou'idiers, whom neither the (allying out of the enemies could fnght, nor the mtghty height K 
 *' of the wails (care, nor the blind and untried foords of the laKe could once di may, nor the litua- 
 «tionof the Caltlc leafed upon an high clifiternfie, nor yet the CatUe it lelt" molt ftronglybuirt 
 «« and fortified, w-as able to daunt ana make afraid, but that they would pafs over all and break 
 "tbtouiihall.. And thratore albeit every one of them deferved at his hands all rewards, yet the 
 «• principal honour of a mural ciown and garland, belonged properly unto htm that firll Icaled and 
 .«« mounted over ific wall Cume be torth therefore Cqi'Dth he) and flic w himlelf. who taketb him- 
 •* felf worthy ot that gift and let him claim his due. Whereupon there were two that put in for it, 
 and demanded the fame Q^rebellttu, a Centurion of the fourth Legion, and Sext.DtgitHs^iSzr- 
 vitotai the Sea. Neither i ;«edihefcpariicj'hemfelvesfohotly about the matter, as the love and 
 favour otihtm let all the whole army divided into legionary fouldiers, and letvitours at Sea, in an £. 
 heat ofcontertion 10 labout for hi r that belonged to their fide, and was a member as it were of 
 theirb'dv. C t «/.«* Admnal or the fleet, went with the Sailets and Stamen. M. Stmfromiu 
 Tud'tATitu vas altogether lor i he legionary Land- fouldiers. This debate was like to orecd a licab, 
 in.i tu raiie a Very n^utiny 'nnnnult. Whereupon Sctfto pronounced that he *AOuidsppoiotas 
 DcleiT'ics ihret Com tflioncrs, tofitupon thecaulo wbofliould takthc depontiot; of witneffes, 
 anc give (heir Tcidirt accotdini; y, whether of tbele two perlonsentred over the wall firft into 
 the Town. Now Itciu e ^ Laiim xna-M.Sempremiu were Advocsfs to the one party and the 
 cth-r, he there tore ad oyned unto them a thiidpction, one P. (ermliiu C<«(i/»««,togo asanin- 
 difterent Mediator between them two. -and gavcordu and coa^maiidinent, that thole other three 
 commifljonersabovcfaid fhould fit together, and hear and determine the contr'-veiiie. When as M 
 the matter grew to a greater heat of contention by realon thai menof luchnisrk and worthy were 
 acquainted with the adtion, and had their hand in it, who were not fo much Advocsts to plead, 
 but n.oderators and judges to bear down a fide ; C. Z.ic/>«f,ri(ingout fiom the court, time to the 
 "Tribunal leat \imoScifiot and informed him that the manner of proceeding in this matter io 
 . '' queilion, was without all good order, modclly and reverence ; and fo handled, that ihey were 
 .'« like togo together by the ears, a.-id try ir out by knocks. But, be it quoth he.that noblowibe 
 "dealt, yet it is a mod ihameful exainple and deteltable precedent, that the honor and guerdon 
 " due to vcrtucjfliould be carried bv fraudulent coven and ungodly perjury. For. quoth he, the le- 
 '• gionai y (ouldiers (land of the opc hand, the Sea (ervitors on i he other, and resiiy they be to 1 wear 
 *' on both fides all the cat nj,ot God, and to that rather which their uillaniaSe tioncartieih them N 
 ♦' tOjfhan w hich in their conicience they know to be triu . By which ^uiit of fotlwcai lag and per- 
 /' jury, they will not only bring a curie and vengeance upon themielves and theit own lives, but 
 *' alio upon the cnfionsjitandaids, an J very Eigles, yea. and their religious military Oath and Sa- 
 *'eran.ent.ThUi much I thought good togve you advertikmcnt of at^re hand and that by the ad- 
 *' viieof P.Corne/iM,ind Ai.Scir.froniHi. Sc.paiiia ne had highly praifi.0 Lttliui^aWad the foul- 
 diers to an affcmbly, andthcie with a loud voice pronounced, anj laid thus.- 1 am lufticiently in- 
 formed upon certain relation, ihat Q^Trehefl,Mi,ini Stx.Digt «j Icaled the will both together, 
 and thctefore I award as well to the one as to the other a mural garland, in tok n and teltimony 
 cf their firgular vertue. Then he rewarded the rett alio, according to cvcv mans defen and 
 valorous fcrvicc. But -bove all other, he honoured C. L«/<»m .'Vdn^-'alof rhcH et not onl) in O 
 n.atcoiiig hi. 11 equally With bimelf in all commendable parts and q..liries, bui ai.uin yxt ent;ng 
 him with a corooet of beaten goW, and thirty Oxen. Then he gave cummar.aairnt tha. the ho- 
 llages of the Citus and States of 5/)«w« (liould be called forth What a numr>c; wereoltncm, I 
 arna aflud and Lub to fct down in writing : for almuch asl find inlomc Cbronicks, that they 
 Wrre u:jon iomethiec hundred, in others 775. The like variety there is of othtt maitcrb, a- 
 flioDgit lUudry wiucrs. One wiiieihthat the Punick garriion were ten thouiand : another 7000. 
 
 and
 
 Tbe fix and tn^entieth Bool\^ of T.Livius. <03 
 
 f^ and a third comes with his two thoufand andno more.I meet with ore record which reporreth 
 that there were loooo taken piifoner-; .-and another th.nt iherc wereabo'.e 2 50c o.Of Scorpions 
 orCrosbows, great and Imall, I fhouid lay there were gained lome 60, it I wouid takcfor mire 
 author Silcntu-, a greek writer : but if I follow VJcrtHs AnuM and go by hi:n I Oioiild tcli you 2 
 tale of fix thoufand of the greater fort, and thirteen thoufand of the fmalier. See how little rule 
 ihey had of their tongues to over-reach, or Hay of their pens to fet down fo loud lies upon re- 
 cord.N3y,they are not well agreed fomuch as upon r'us pointjwho weret-ie great Captain.; and 
 Commanders, Molt ofthemlay,that LnUasv/n^ L.Admirail: there be again th.u would have /I/. 
 Juniui SyllariHs 10 be theman.And v4rwf; Was Capt.iin o: the Punickg!rri:'on,and yielded to the 
 Romans, if yelillto beleeve t^alcriMs A-ntos- but oyt'jeteilimony and redic of cithers, it was 
 
 g /J<f.'^!7.Moreover,the records accord nor about tic number of Oiip^tha; were t.iken nor ot the 
 weight of gold and lilver noryet ofthefum olnvw^ey that wa!;r)ifcd ofthepillage.ToLonclude, 
 if we muft needs beleeve fome one or otherthe mean between is the be i jand carrictla molt like- 
 lihood of the truth. *■ 
 
 But to return again to Sr/pr'^ : " When he bad called forth thehoffages into his prefenre frft he 
 "bad them all in generalltobeofgoodcheer: for why? they were now in the bands of the peo- 
 *' pie of /?ff«;if,who ever dehred to bind men unto them by favours andgood turns more than to 
 "awe them with fear and dread ; and to have forrain nations knitandjoyned in faithful amity, 
 •• rather than held in liibje6\;ion by heavy fervitude. Then after he had taken the names in wri- 
 ting of their fevcrallCitics,he alfo reviewed the number oftheprifoners, and counted jult how 
 
 ^ many belongcdtoevery State. Which done-, he difpatdied melTcngers home into their countries> 
 willing their parents and triends to come and receive every man their own. If haply any Embafla- 
 dorsoftheir Cities were prefenc, he reftored unto them their own hodages without delay : fot 
 alltherelf, he gave exprefs charge to C-FUminius the Trealtirer to ice unto them in all kind, 
 courteous, and liberall ufage. Whiles he was bufie in taking this orderjcherehapned to come 
 from among the hollages.even out of the midit of thecompany.anaged gentle wom.mjtlie wife 
 of ^.;;;^;;;;«/,broiher to IndibtUs.i Prim e and great Lord of the Ilergetes, " She flied tears,3nd 
 " fell down prolirate at the feet of the L.General: and withall began to bcfcech him molt inllant- 
 •' ly.to give a more fpecialcharge,concerning the cufiody of the women-lex: and to recommend 
 "them to their keepers, for to be guarded with a careful eye, and to be kept and attended on 
 
 ry " more tenderly. Why ? quoth 5c;^;o, I warrart thee good woman, they flaall want for nothing 
 " that is meet for them. Then replied this Dame again,We ftand not fo much ^quoth Okj upon 
 " thefe terms; for a little thing-God wotjmay ferve and content them in this poor eltate and low 
 '' condition : my care is for another matter, when I c onfider and behold the young and tender 
 "age of thefe maidens here.As for my felf,I am now pafl date, and without danger ot that injury, 
 *' which our fexis fubjeftand expofedunto.Now there (tood about her the daughters of /«i^/^'/- 
 lls^ virgins in the frefli prime and flower of their age, and pafTmg fair and beautiful withall ; be- 
 fides fome other Ladies as nobly born as they : who all honoured her as their natural mother that 
 bare them.Then Sapio,"- 1 would(quoth hejin the ordinary courfe as well of mine own dilViplinc 
 *' as of that which is eftabliflied by the people of Rome-, have a rcfpeflive conhderation, that no 
 
 £ '' one thing among us (hould fuffer abule,wnich elfewhere in any place of the wor!d is held invi- 
 " clabie : this would I do,! fay, for mine own credit, and for the honour of Rome : but to have a 
 " more fpecial eyethat way,your own vertue alfo and wnrthinefs bindethme: who in themidft 
 "of thefe your calamities and miferies have not forgot your womanly carriage a; d the honour of 
 '•yourfex. And thereupon he delivered chemoverto the'cuftody of a man ofappro\ed honefty 
 and integrity,commanding him to guard them with no lei's reverence, modelty, and continency, 
 than if they werethe wives or mothers ofthcirnearelt triends thatgavethem entertainment, Af- 
 therthis, there was prefented unto himby hisfouldiersadamofeland virgin ofripeyears, taken 
 alfo prifoner: butfo well favoured and lurpalTmg in beauty, that wherefoever llie went every 
 mans eye was upon her, in admiration of fo rare and perfeil a creature, ^fj^j/o having enquired of 
 F her country where fhe was born, and like wife of what parents flic was defcendcd ; among other 
 things learned, that flae wasefpoufedand affianced to a young Prince of the Celtiberians, whole 
 name was ^////c/«j.Forthwith he fent home to her parents and forefaid fpoufe, for to repair unto 
 him: and in themean time he underftood that her husband thatllaouldbe was wonderfully en- 
 amoured of her and ready to die for her love. Sofoon astheyoungGentieman wascome,>s>/^.<» 
 entredinto a more familiar Ipecch with him, than he did either witii the father or motiier ofthe 
 maiden, and in thefe terms he entertained him : '•' lam a young man (quoth he) as well as your 
 ''felf. Come on therefore, letus youngmenboth devil'eand commune together tnore freely ,and Tberare con-' 
 '' not be too nice,coy and baflifuil one to the other. Atterthat your efpoufed wife,taken captive ''"'"i". an<\ 
 "■by my fouldiers, was brought unto me, and that I heard of theexceedingfanne and affection 
 
 G" that you cad uponhersi belceved it full welhfcr her fmgular beauty defeneth no leU.Now for- 
 "afmuch as my felf,it I might be allowed to ufe the pallimcs of youth, (I mean nootherwifethan 
 " in honed and lawful love)-ind were not called aw.ay by the Common-weal^' emploicd wholly 
 " in other affairs of date- 1 wou'd think tobe pardoned and held excnfedif 1 hadanextraordina- 
 *' ry liking to a Ipoul'e of mineown.ard loved her extreamly. I mud therefore needs favour and 
 *' tender your love ,w hi :!i is the thing Ican^conhd-'ring that 1 may not the other in any wife. Youe 
 '*lweet-heart and bed beloved i have entertained as vvell,and asrefpedtively asfliefliould have 
 
 Xx ''been 
 
 courteiie tt 
 Sclpi*,
 
 t: 04 7 be fix and mentieth Boo\ofT- Livius. 
 
 ''been with y our father and mother in la\Y,vvho are her own kind and natural parents. Referved H 
 *' fiie hath been,and kept tor you alone,that you might receiv e her at my handsjunfpotted and un- 
 «' touched, and aprelentbeleemingmeand you both. In lieu and recompense cherefcreotthia 
 "boon and gift which 1 now be(iow upon you, I require at your hands again this only pro- 
 « mile and t'aithfulcovenant,that you wili be a friend and well-Willer to the State o^RomeJ.nd if 
 *- you take me indeed to be a good and honed man, fuch as thele nations and people here have 
 ''known my father and uncle to have been before me: know you thus much, that in the City of 
 '■• Rory:e there are many more like unco us : and that there cannot at thisday a nation in the world 
 <■■<■ be named, which you would wil"h lefs to be an enemy to you and yours, or dcfue more to en-' 
 4' ce"rtain as your friend. Theyoung Gentleman being abaflbed for verymodelly, andyet right 
 eb.d and joyt'uU withall^held Sc-zp/o by the hand,called upon all the gods, and befought them in his I 
 behalf to thank and recomp mce him therefore, fince it lay not in his own proper power, in any 
 proportion or meafure to be thankful and make requitall, eitheras himfelfcould wifh, orasSa- 
 p)oh:id defer ved. Then vrere the parents and kinsfolk of the maid called for:who feeing the damo- 
 lell freely rendred and given ihem again, for whofe ranfome and redemption they had brougnc 
 with them j fuffi ient fum of gold ; fell to intreating and requelling Safio to vouchfafe for to a.;- 
 Cept the fame at their hands, as a gift and token of their good wili : alfuring him, that info doing, 
 they fliould take themfelves no lefs bound and beholden unto him, than for therelloringand 
 delivering ot the virgin untouched and undefiled; S^/p/o feeing them fo earneft and importunite, 
 promifed^forto receive it, and withall, commanded that it fhould be laid down at his feet : and 
 cai'.in" Alliicimimio him, -' Here (quoth he) over and befides all your other dowry which your ^ 
 *' father inlaw mull pay you,have from me thus much more money to mend your marriaj^e with, 
 " take this "old therefore to your felf, and kcepit for your own ufe. And fo afterthis rich reward 
 oi ven and great honour done unto him, he was difmi{red,and departed home with much jov and 
 he.'.rts content : where he made report unto his countrymen and peopleof thepraife-worthy 
 vcrtues ofSc-'p/o.and the favoursfrom him received; faying moreover,there was come into S|)<i/» 
 a younomanrefemblingtheimmottaUgodsinallrefpeiir^s ; who as well by bounty, liberaliicy, 
 a nd bed owin" benefits, as by martiall prowefs and force of arms is in the very way to win and con- 
 quer ail.So when hehad affembled andmullred all his vaffals and tenants,he returned within fevz 
 dales, accompanied with a train of fourteen hundred of the beft and moll choice horfemen ofhis 
 
 coumry. *• 
 
 Sf/p/okeepinc L^//«;ftill with him^untillby his advice and coUnfel he had difpofed of the cap- 
 tives ho(la«^es°andotherprizes and pillage: after he had fetled all in good order, appointed a 
 Galiace of five banks of oars, wherein he embarked the prifoners, with yVfa^o and fome fifteen 
 Senators befides, who together with him were taken-, and lent them to Rome with a mellengerto 
 carry tidings of this vi£toty.l4iffliclf determined tofojournafew daies in C^rr/.^j^r, which time 
 he fpent in°raining and exercihnghis fouldiers, as well of land fervice as at fea. The firft day he 
 caufedtheie'^ions'torun to and fro in their armour four miles out in length. The feconddaybe 
 commanded t^hem to fcour and furbifli their harnefs and weapons before their tents. Upon the 
 third day they joyned and encountred in battel- wife, and pradifcd to fight with blunt wallers . 
 and badons ; yea> and lanced one at another darts and javelins, rounded at the point end with m 
 bals in manner ot foils. The fourth day they relfed andrepofed themfelves. On the fifth day again 
 they rjn at turnament as before armed. This order they kept, exercifing, labouring, and rening 
 by turns, fo long as they abode at Cirf^.j^^. And thus much for the Legionary fouldiers. The 
 fea-ferv iiors and mariners ufed in calm water and llill weather to row up into the fea, and there 
 to make triall of the nimblenefs and agility of their fhips, rcprefenting fhews of fea-fight and 
 skirmiO-i.Thus without the City, they enured theirbodiesjandquickned their fpirits and conrf.-. 
 ges both'on land and water. Within the town there was nothing heard but preparationof war- 
 ^urnitiue. All thcpubiike fliops and work-houfes full of fmiths, engineers, and all other artificers 
 for the purpoe, plying theirwork, and never going from it. The General! himfelf, asfirpervjUrr, 
 with equal! and indifferent care overfaw all,One while he would be with the Armido inthf '^ ■ -- ,^j 
 hour: another while,heconverfed#mongtheLegions,andturneyed withthem.A time ha wo , 
 fetbytorto vifit the works abour the walls, and fee how they went forward. Oclierwhiies he 
 would be inthediopsalorefaid, among the multitude of theCarpenters, and Smiths and c-r.her 
 Arcifansviewin" what they did there; and inthe irfenallandfliip-docks, o! Serving :.nd nisrkin^ 
 how much they went forward day by day (hiving by way of emulatior^as they did,-.vho ronld ^•> 
 mod and quit himfelf beft. Having thus fet them awork, repaired the walls whiv fi he badhat.cred 
 and fhakcn,and placed certain guards there.for the defence of the City jhetockhis journey 'o 
 Jitrrcon: and allthevvay he wa"s vihred and plied with fundryemb-iflages. Some of tliem he an- 
 fwercd and difpatched ac he was in his journey : others he put off. to give their atrendan c .u ' .>- 
 r.icon: for thither he had fummoned all the allies and confederates, both new and o'd, to meet q 
 him. And in manner,all the Cities and States on this fidc /^(?r»/jand many alfo of the farther Pro- 
 vine of .9f<»''j there affembled. 
 
 The Carthaginian Captains and Commanders at the fird offer purpofe, fupprefled and flop- 
 ped the rumour of the winning of OJ;//^-^. But when the thing was too too apparent,^^ couid 
 rot he hidden and fmothered,they ufed all the words they could^to elevate it and make the m u- 
 rcr 'eG than it was.To wit,"- That by a fuddeninvafion and expedition of the Romans in one day
 
 The [even and tn^entieth Bool^ of T.Livius* 505 
 
 " (as ic were)by {kalch,it chanced that one of the Cities of Sp;« was furprizedJchat the inlblenc 
 " and toolilL youn_^ man bearing himfcli prodigally proud,and jocund beyond all mearnre^woiild 
 ''^fcem tornakeiip themeaiurt oirol'malla cacchthac hehadgoc,wiihagrc.u Oiew of a brave vi- 
 " ftory: but when he ihall hear once that there are three Generals coming toward himjand three 
 *' vidorious armies ot'enemies, he will loon pull in his horns : he v/iil then teil liS another rale, 
 " when prelently heOiallcall to remeaibran'.e with grief of every vr.i;i in his hc^rt, the death of 
 '■• father,ofuncle,and other progenitors. Thefe and inch likefpeeche.-; they gave out among the 
 people and common fore, knowing ir. their own confJence what a biOw ihey had caught, and 
 how much their (kcngth was decayed by the lofs of new Carthage. 
 
 B 
 
 The feven and twentieth Book 
 
 Of the Hiflories ofT. Livius of VddusLjfrom the Foundation 
 
 of the City of Rome. 
 
 Th(t Breviary of L. Fiona upon the feven and twentieth Book. 
 
 C , . 
 
 CNeus Fulvius ths Pro-Cof, «?.« flaiit^ and with his anr.^ utterly defca'sd by Annibal at Herdonea . 
 Bm Cl. Marcel .the Cof,had better fortune 171 a battc'ht^ainji hnn before Numifiro.F^o.v; whence 
 Annibal dijUdgcd .uid departed by ntjrht, Marcellusp'.r/r.'i'i^ i'fter h}iy.^.:yideve^ as he fell off .followed 
 him hxrdjhllifi'ittllhef^ave him bAttell. In thefgrrrurfi^ht Anoihilhadthc better-, but Martellus m 
 the later.Vib.Mix.the father bein^ Confttl^ had the larertttns yield dtfp imtohin: by trcjfoii. la Spiin, 
 !bCip[ofuuoht u b.ittiU with A.\d:\jibi\the fo4 of ^mWiiV-, at ]ixi\i\i^ .i>7dw9nthe fiild. AmoiTothcrs 
 there wns a boy taken priforitr of royal blond a- d cf mcompArr.ble beuity : whom he fent with rich ^ifis 
 «;;foMafanifla his uncle by the rnother. Claudius Mar^cllus <i-;^T.Q2,iintiusCrii'pinusr^f CoKpJsy' 
 who cha-.cedtogo o:it of their Can;p,to d'frove^, as efpi.ds^ the country. rs> re fore/,tidby .inamby.Q', cf 
 J) Annibal,^>;^ e>:trapped. h-'hcre MarceUns n:i5 fl.tin : Ciifpinus fled. This bool^contiu/ieth afo the wars' 
 ;ind exploit s atchievcd by P.Sulpitius the Pmtor^ agamfi Phiiip^«tit/)-» Achmns. TheCcnfors hclda 
 folemo furvey and numbring of the Citiz.ens,ay!dpurfed the City. In whichfurvey there were found of 
 Ri)mirnC'ttz.ensi gyle's. By which account it WM feen-)l:ow ?/:.tny the people of Kome hadlufi^ by ths 
 adverfs fortune of fo m^ny b.:ttels. Alldrubaljw/roit'if^ ayiarmyh^dp.ifedovirthe /lips for to joyfjwith 
 Annibal, wosflatn-, andwith him 56COO men befides, by the cenduU ofM. Livius theConfitl, but not 
 withoitt the ecjuallgoodfervice of Cl.Nero the other Conful'. who being appointed to make head a^ainfi 
 Annibal ,/ffff theCarup fo-^asthe enemy was not ware thereof .^andwith an cleB power of hardy men-^en- 
 Viroiied and enclofed Aldtubal about^andfo defeated him. 
 
 F. 
 
 The feven and trpentieth Boot^of T. Livius. 
 
 6T" 
 
 THus (lood the affairs in Spain. In Italy the Conful M<ir(rir//«i having recovered S.//.(;iMby 
 compohiion, won by torce two towns from the Samnits, Maronea and Mcles. Where 
 there were (lain three thouland of v4«w^j/ his fouldiers, who had been left there in ear- 
 rilcn.Some good portion of the pillage wssflured among the fouldiers. Of wheacbe- 
 fides there was found there 24c coo mealnres tailed Modii, ar.d of barley iioooo. But the joy 
 Itom hence wasnctfo great as the lois and damage received within few dales after, notfar 
 from the City Herdonea. Cn. Fulvnis the Pro-Conlul hy there encamped upon hope to regain 
 p that City, which after the defeat at Canna^ had revolted from the Romnns : a tovvn neitherl'ea- 
 tedina placeotfurety, nor yet well furnillied andmanncd tor defence. The Captain thereof 
 {Cn. Fr.lviiu aforefaid) was by nature ever negligent, biu grown much more rechlefs now, pre- 
 lumingupon a vainhope that he had ot them within, inthat he perceivcdhow the townfmen 
 already began to fail in their devotion and faithful! ailegean etc the Carthagmians, efpecially, 
 after they heaid, that upon the lofs of Salapia, Annibal was departed out of thofe parts into the 
 Rrutians country, y^nntbal had intelligcn.e of all this brought unto him from Hcrdoneaby 
 iecret mclfengers, which, as ic caufed him to have a c;refull eye to the faving and keeping of a 
 tricndCityj fo it minilled good hopeunto him for to furprifc his enemie at unawares and un- 
 \>io\ idcd. Whereupon with his army lightly appoimcd, he cook long journies and made hafte 
 Q to Htrdiy.eay fo as he prevented ahnolf the tame and bruit of his coming. And to ftrikc the 
 more terrour into his enemie, he thither marched in baticll array. The Roman Generall, as 
 adventurous .nd bold as he every way but nothing at all fopoiitick,nor fo Urong.brought his for- 
 tes torthinmorehallethan good ipced, and gave him batteil. His fifth legion, and the left wing 
 t)r cornet of Cavalry began the skirmifliiand charged hotly. But Annibal had given his horfe- 
 mendiredion.ihat when the Infantry was in themidltofskirmifhjwith mind &: eye whoUyoc-; 
 cupicd that way they lliould wf c:l about and letch a corapais, and whiles fome of them affailed 
 
 X X a X the
 
 -c5 Jbefeven and wentietb Bool\of T.Liwms. 
 
 iheCamp, the reftlliould play upoiuhe hack of their enemies: himfelf iterating eftfoons unto H 
 his men the name of Cn.TtUviHiSoi likenels l"ake,becaufe two years before in the very lame quar- 
 ters he had vanquifted another C/'.F«/t//«i who was Prater alio, afliiredchcm ot the like fuccefs 
 novviDihisconftiit. Andverily this con.eitar.d hope of his proved not vain and fruflrate. For 
 when as indole f.^ht and skirmifh of the footmen many ot the Romans werefaln down and (lain, 
 but fo as yet the ranks flood unbroken, and the eniigns upright behold a fuddenfrefh charge of 
 thehorfemen on their back-, and agreatfhout of the enemies wit hall defcried and heard from the 
 campjhrft dil'comhted the fixt legion,vvhich being marfballed in the lecondbattaillonjhad been 
 put in difarray before by the Numidians, & then the fift; &lo conltquenily even thofe that foughc 
 in the iorefroniol the vanguard belore the enhgns. Some fled amain, others were killed in the 
 miJtl between>where Cyijy-hiui himfel" with twelve Tribunes of Knight marflials were left dead I 
 in the place. Of Romans and Allies how many died in that coniliit, who is ab!e to fet down for 
 certain ; feein" in fomerecords I find the number hlteen thoufand, and in others not above feven 
 
 The conqueror ^»»i£'. '/ was Maflerlikewife of the Camp and all the pilbge there. As for the 
 townHfr^nf^jbecaufeheunderllood for truth, thatit minded to have rev olted unto the Ro- 
 mans,and would not continue tall in their fidelity, if his back were once turned: after he had 
 conveyed away the mukitude of the inhabitants to MetafoKtum and the Thurians,he fet it onfire 
 and burnt it quite. The Nobles and principall Citizens, who were known to have had fecret talk 
 and conference with F«/w«x he put to death. TheRomans, whooutof fo great an overthrow 
 elcaped madefhift by divers and fundry waies to flie, half naked as they were, to Marcellnsxht^ 
 Cof into Samnium. But Ma -cellus nothing dilmaied and afrighted at this to great defeat, addref- 
 ■feth his letters to the Senai at Kome^ with advertifement ot the lots of the Captain Generall, and 
 the army at Herdonea : giving them yet to underlfand how himlelf,even he who after the Canni- 
 an field had tamed and danted Anndal-. as luHy and proud as he was upon that viftory, was min- 
 ded prefently to env-oumer him,and make him take no long joy and pleafurejwherein he now fo 
 
 vamed and exalted himlelf. uc u\c ar u c a lur 
 
 And at Rome verily ,as they mourned much for thelofs pa(i,fo they feared as greatly the future 
 dangers. The Conful having paffed out of SAmmum into tlie Lucans country, late down before 
 NH»iifiro in the very fight of yiamlj.iL and there in a plain encamped himielf, nocwithllanding 
 the enemy was poflefled^efore of the hill, and hjd the vantage of the ground. And for to make L 
 more (hew ot his ownv-onfidence, and how little he feared, he firlf brought forth his men, and 
 marfnalled them in order ready to bid battell. An>!il\:l fo foon as he faw thcenhgns advanced 
 forth of the ^ates. If aid not behind. And they arr>^bged their battels in fuch manner, as that the 
 Carthaoima^ with the ri"ht wing took upparc of the hill, and the Romans dilplaied their left 
 win" in length, to the very wallsof the town. After they had continued fight t'rom the third 
 hour of ihe^day unto night, and that the vanguards on both f.dcs were weary with maintaining 
 of skirmilhfolon": then the firft legion ofthe Romans, with the right wing of their horfemen; 
 theSpanifhfouldiersalfo of ^««'^.t/hispart, theBalearian flingers hkewii'e, together with the 
 Elephants, began the fight, whiles the reft were already in hot conflict ,andclore together. For 
 a Ion" time the°fi"ht ftirunk not of any hand. The firft legion of the Romans was fecondcd withjyj 
 the c^omin" in of the third : and among the enemies likewife there came in new fouldicrs that 
 were lufty in place of the foiled and wearied. Whereby,of a lingring and long skirmifli there be- 
 gan all on a fuddenanew,hot,and crueilbattell,by reafon that theircourages were frefli,and their 
 bodies in heart. But the night parted the fray,and lett the vi6f ory doubttull in the midft.The mor- 
 row after the Romans from fun-tihngfiood arranged in the field untill it was far day: and feeing 
 none ofthe enemies appear and fliew themfelves, they fell to gather up the fpoils by ieilurc, and 
 heaped up in one place all the bodies of their own men that were flain, and made one great fire, 
 and burnt them to afties. The night enfuingy*»»/i'<j/diflodgedfecretly without any noife, and 
 departed into Jpulia.hod Mar cellus So foon as day-light difcovered the flight of his enemy(lca- 
 ving his hurt and wounded people at Nnmifira with a Imall guard, and L. Furtui Piirpuno a Co-j^ 
 Icnelltobe their Captain jfoUowed him by hisfteps,and at r<rw«77d overtook him. There for cer- 
 tain dales paffed fomefallies from the guards of both armies, whiles both horfe and foot one 
 with another rather made flight skirmi(hes,than any fet battels ; and ligftily the Romans had al- 
 waies the better hand. From thence the armies were conducted through Jfulia^ without any - 
 memorable fight at all., by reafon that Anmhalin the night feafon ever fet forward, feekin" fome 
 opportunity of forelaying ard entrapping his enemy ; and Marcellm never followed but in broad 
 day iight,and femout hiselpials beforetodear thccoarts. 
 
 In this mean while Ilaccns Ipcnding the time at Capua^ in making port-fale of the noblemens 
 "oodii, and in fetting and letting oOt to farm the land which was confifcate and forfeit to the 
 common-wealth of i:ff'7i»( and all for a rent of corn) therehapnedanewcomplot and prafticCQ 
 which lay hidden for > '.-.q time, to bedete(Sfed and come tolight to the end that he might never 
 want one matter or other totakcoccafion for to plague and torment the Campans. He had ta- 
 ken order that his fouldiers (hould remove out ofthe houles within the town, partly for that as 
 well the tenements ofthe faid town within as the lands without fliould be rented forth:and part- 
 ly for tear left the exceeding pleafantnefs and deledUble feat of that City (hould effeminate his ar- 
 my, as it had dofic the hoft of Ann'kal before time: and commanded them to build themfelves 
 
 about
 
 Tbe [even and tJPentieth Boo\^ of T.Li\ ius. 
 
 ^ abouc the gates and along the walls, cottages and flieds in warlike fafhion, and only to lerve for 
 fouidiei'.. 1 hcie were moil o\ thetn made of hind es and bcords- lome wjtied and wound with 
 reeds- and allot them thatched with flraw and ftubble, as it were of purpole to minilier tuell for 
 lire. Noiv there were fome hundred andfeventy Campans hadton pired at one certain hour o?" 
 the night to fetaliafre: and the principall heads and Captains vvere certain brethren of the 
 hlofti : and it tornined th.it hy lome of the fame houfe arij tami;y the compira y was dikloled. 
 Whereupon at on e the gStes were madetalt by the commandment of the Pro-Lohffil : and the 
 alarm being liri ken updnd tonndcd all the Ion diersrintQiiether. All thbfe th,it \wrc party or 
 privy tothe intended treaion wcfe apprehended, and aii'erfij',otons tx,imin.niorhad bytorture 
 they weri - ondemned and executed : the .intormers were made free, andhad each one a rewarcf 
 £ of ' idc GO pee.es of braf<! called Afles.' ' • • * ;i lib f ffij 
 
 When the Nfl.crines and A erran> tnadefrio.in that they wanted place dfhabitatiob. foraf- ^'^'** 
 ■niu> ha'! Wf.y; (C was in pjtt Hnrm and TVwfr/rf utterly razed and deHroyed : Ma^crlias refeired 
 them O'.erio the Sen.it of /vow,?. and ferit them thither.Themen of ^irfiri had leave granted to 
 re-edi /e again their own edifices whi^bwete burned : Bnt they of Nucer^ai according to their 
 own dei re,weietr.;nllatedto y4/f//,j.andihe Ateilans c^tnmanded to remove untoC-iAtr/'Vi^.ihere 
 to dwell. • > 
 
 Amidiltheminagingof rn-inyand weightfaffaii's, whv.h falling out vnfiably, one while wellj 
 another while iiubui,ed andamiiied the minds of men ; yettheRom.ins forgot nottheCdde of 
 7 arr;n:ir„ : tor WO^ul'VHi and .". AcjuiliHS, went as Lmbafladors into * i/^rolm^ for to buy up 'Or Hetriridi 
 Q con to he ton weighed arid brought to Tayem-m'. and a thoiiland foiildiers out of the City 
 army whiereotthemimbef of Romans and Allies was ai! one, were fent with the laid coin thi- 
 therto iieing.irrifori. 
 
 Now was t He lummer ar an end .and the tirhe drew near of the Confiils elesftion.But the letter^ 
 of M<i cellfs unto iheSenar (wherein he hgnifiedthac it was not for the good oftheCommon- 
 weaitti to depart one foot from /4«»/'^J,wrhom he himfelfpurfued (till at heels, and lo muih thd 
 moretiouiy he., ante he fe ort and fotbjte to fight :) let the LL.ottheSenat intoa great perplexi- 
 ty ortcareithertocali awy theContulfrofn the wars, efpecially nowin the midll of hisbeft 
 fer ke, or to be without Cnfuls the next year. But it was thought in tbe end the beff courfe, • 
 that t^ah «. the ConUil, although he were not \a H'tfff .}a\n beyond lea, fliould rather be fent for, 
 rv and c'.ed forth of S'r;/y. Soby onier from the Senat, there were l^itters difpatchcd unto him, 
 fromi.M-a.jA.'/rthePrsctorof thcCty, together vviththofe other letters of YA.l^'iarcellus the 
 Confui : togive him to underftanj what the' realoh wis, VvhyiheLL. called him rather out of 
 hisProvin.c ttun his Collegueandvompanionin government. 
 
 At the i'jm<. time there fortuned Fmbafladocs to conie tonto Seme ^rom King S^'c/j^tA-," Rg"' 
 ''counting what profptrous wars their King had fought with the Carthaginians, alluring the Se^ 
 "■nat.thatihcir Lord and Mailer, as he was not a greater enemy to any nation than to the Car=> 
 *'ihaginian-. fo he was not more ready to fViend any State than the Romjns : fayino moreover, 
 "that he had lent aforetime his Embaffadors into S)>,t;« unto the Roman Generals C;7.aHd P.Sci- 
 "/(M^and now was mo(f willing to feeklor the^amity andfriendOiip of the Romans even at the' 
 £" very fountain and well head.The Scrfit not only returned anfwer to tho'.eEmbafladofs innioft 
 gracious and courteous terms, but alfo addreffed Embafladors of their own with rich gifts unto 
 the King- and by name, L. Genutias P,Petelliiis,3r\dP.Popilins. The prefents which theycarriedi 
 were ahderobe,anda kirtle ofpurple,a'n Ivory chair, aboil or cup of beaten gold, weighing 
 five pound. Thefe Embafladors had in commiltion and charge, prfcfently after they had dipatthcd 
 with the King, to vilit other Princes and great Lords of ^ffrickjind for to bellow on them alio, 
 they carried robes purfled and embroidered with pilrple, and golden bowls of three pounti 
 weight.Likewife there werefent as far as Alexandria ( in JE^ypt ) unto King Prcio»:en< and C/ifo- 
 fAtraihc Q^ieen,M,y4ffr7/«i,andM. ylcilius^.s Embafladors, for to call to remembrance, and re- 
 new the old friend fliip : and to them alfo they prcl'ented gifts, namely unto the King a long robe 
 pand a kirtle of purple, with anivory chair: unco the Q|ieen a rich mantle of Baudkin, wraughc 
 with fundry colours, with a vail of purple. 
 
 In this fummer time, whi'es thefe forefaid msttertpaffed, there were frotii out of the Cities 
 and country towns ad joyning many prodigious lights, and fearfull tokens reported. At Ti*/c«- 
 lunty there fell a Lamb, having an udder yielding milk : the louver and lantern ot tbe Temple of 
 y«/;;ffr was If rucken with lightning and in manner ail the roof uncovered, And iriii:h about thofe 
 daies at Ana^nia^ the very loii and ground before the g.ite theteof caught f re with lightning,and 
 for one day and night burned foiwithont any matter of tuell: and the fouU and bird- cf theaic 
 forfook theirneRswhich they had built in the trees of the grove eonfecra ted to Dt.:>d near unto 
 thecarrefour or crofs way of An'tnni.i. Near unto Tar--a'-t>! • there werefecn in the '.ea, not far 
 Qfromthe haven, ferpents of a^ugeand wondertuUbignelsfo leap up ^bove the warer and to 
 difport and play like hfhes.At Tari^mrin a fwine farrowed a pig with a mans fare. Aifo in the ter- 
 ritory of c<jp(»«/;, about the grove .^nd temple of Fov^/'-i there were four ^Jrarnc. fweat much 
 bloud a day and a night.TheIc feartnll tokens were by a decree of the I'teiat'^ purged and expiate 
 by greater facrifices. And a folemn Supplication proclaimed one day at .^jwi? in e\ery Church and 
 Chappell before all the fhrines of the gods : and another day in the territory of Oipen/ty at the 
 faid ^rove and chappell of ferotM,
 
 5o8 The [even and tm ntietb Boo\ pf T'Liv'ius. 
 
 j^ Valerius the Conful,called by the forefaid letters of the Senate, after he had recommended H 
 the charge of the Province and the Arnny,unto C/w«^ the Prxtor j and fent Myalerms Mefala 
 the Admirai of the Navy,with a certain number of fliips into Africkjzs wellto fetch in prizes, 
 as lo efpy and learn what the people of Carthage did and went about .• himfelt with ten fail toolc 
 thefeas and having a profperous fore-wind arrived at Rome.Sad being come,prefently heaflem- 
 bled the Senat,wh^re be declared what afts and deeds he had performed in his Province, name- 
 ly " vvhereas forthefpacealmoft of tbreefcore years there had been warm StcUy both by land 
 "and fca, apd the fame oftentimes fought with great lofs and many defeats ; that he now had 
 «• brought thofe troubles to an happy end,and fet the Province in quiet. That there was not in all 
 " Stcih one Carthaginian left ; nor one Sicilian, of all them that for fear had been chafed and dri- 
 " ven out from thence, but was returned and there replanted ; that they were all brought home I 
 <« a^ain to their own Cities to inhabit.to their own lands, to plough and fow ; that now at laft 
 " the fore-let and walk ground was husbanded again, and made fruitfull>not only for the profit 
 " and commodity of the occupiers and tenants thereof, but alfo for the moft aflured relief and fu- 
 « ftenMtion of the peopleof Rome^both in war and peace. After this, Mati»es, and the reft who 
 had deferved any thing well of the City of Rome^VfCic brought into the Senat : unto whom,both 
 all and fome ( for the eredit of the Conful, and to difgrace hiai of his promife unto them ) there 
 were rendred all forts of honourable recompence.iW«r««w alfo was cnfranchifed Citizen oiRomty 
 and aBill was preferred in thatbehalf to the people, by the Tribune 6f the Commons, and with 
 the orant and authority of the Senate. 
 
 Durin'^ thefe affairs at Rome.MyJerius MefaU arrived in Jfrick.mth a fleet of 50 fail,and K 
 beinc 1 anded one morning before day,fuddenly and unawares to the people of the country.made 
 a rode into the territory about Utica : and having forraged it far and near, taken many men and 
 women prifoners,and raifed a great booty ofalUorcs of things befides,returned to the Armado, 
 and croffed thefeas back for 5;a/r, and arrived again at L;/y^<e«w upon the thirteenth day after 
 he loofed from thence, and took the feas firft. Of the Captives (after ftraight examination ) he 
 learned thus much (which alfo he fet down orderly in writing,and fent unto the Conlul Uvtnttsy 
 that he might beacquainted likewife with theftate of the affairs in AjfnckJvumeVj^'-'- that theoc 
 " vitKiTiCarthAge five thoufand Numidians, under thecondua ol UHafamffa thefon of Gala,x 
 <* moft forward young man, and a right valiant warrior ; that there were other fouldiers alfo 
 *' throughout all JfrFckjiigtd and levied for money, ready to be tranfported and fent over into |^ 
 «' Spamaato Afdrnhal^ to the end that he with a moft puiffant power might with all fpeed pafs 
 « over into Italy, and joyn his forces with Annikal : that in the effedting of this defignment, the 
 <' Carthaginians were affuredly pcrfwaded of the viftory. Moreover,! hat there was a mighty na- 
 « vy a rigging and decking for to recover Sicily again, and as they verily thought, it flionid pafs 
 
 *' the feas very fhortly^ 
 
 Thefenews being read by the Conful,fo troubled anddifquieted the Senat, that they thought 
 there was no tarrying for the ordinary eleftion ol Magiftrates,fummoned and called by the Con- 
 ful but that they fhould nominate a Didlaior of purpofe to aflemble that folemn Seflion, and 
 the Conful immediatly to return apain into his Province. But hereupon grew fome debate and 
 queftion for a time, while the Conful faid,that he would nominate andcreate Diftator M.FaUri- ^ 
 »^ Me/r<»/4,who wasthen in 5<«7y,and Admiral of the fleet: but the LL .replied again and faidjthat''^ 
 a Dictator mioht not be elefted or declared without the Territories of ^»wc,and thofe were all 
 vihhia the litnits and marches of Italy.Bai after that M.Lpicremi (z Tribune of the Commons^ 
 had put this controverfie to aueftion before the Senat for to be caft and decided by their opini- 
 ons; then the Senate granted out a decree, That the Conful before he departed from the City, 
 fhoujd put up a bill or fupplicaiion onto the body of the people, that it would pleafe them to 
 eleft a Diftator and whomfoevcr they by their fufFraceschofc,him fhould he pronounce and de- 
 clare for theDiftator: and in cafe the Conful rcfofed lo to do,then the Pritor of the City fliould 
 propofe the fame unto the people: and if not he neither, then the Tribunes (hould pre pound ic 
 unto the Commons. But when the Conful denied flatly to put it unto the people, beingathirg 
 meerly belonging to his authority and place, and likewife cxpreflely forbad the Prxtor to do it : N 
 then iheTrib°unes of the Commons took the matter upon them,whereupon the Commons gran- 
 ted that (l.Fulvius^viho then was in CafuafiiOvX^ be nominated Diftator.But the night before 
 that very day that this affembly of the Commons was to be holden,the Conful departed privily, 
 and t©ok his journey toward Sicilj. The Nobles thus being difappointed and deftiiute, thought 
 good to fend letters unto Uarcellus, for to lend his helping hand now unto the Common-weal, 
 thus forfaken and abandoned by his Collegue,an Jto declare him for Diftaior, whom the people 
 had by their voices elefted.So Q^Fuhius was pronounced DifVator by yiarcellusthQ Conful : and 
 by vertue of the faid aft of the Commons, P.LiciniM Crafus the Arch-Prelate,was by Q.Fulvi- 
 m nominated Generall of the Cavalry. ^ . . u o 
 
 The Dilator after he was come to Rome-, fent Cn.Sempronius Bufiu his Lieutenant, whom he ^ 
 had itCafiia^io the Army into the Province of Hetmria, in ftead of C. Calphnmius the Praetor : 
 whom by his letters he moved to take the government of Capua^ and his army there. And him- 
 felf fenc out precepts for the folemn elefVions of Confu Is, againft the firft Comitial day that he 
 tni^'ht by Law, But by reafon of a contention that grew between the Tribunes of the Commons 
 and the Diftatori it could not pafs and be perfotmed. Fox the Century ^deria of the youngec
 
 The [even and m>eraieth Boo^ of T. Livius, goo 
 
 i/i fortjwhichby lot had the prerogative of giving their firf} voices, e!ei3ed for Confuls Q^Fnlviusy 
 asidQj^abfus- unto whofeelcftion no doubt, thercH ot the Tribes cailed forth in right courfe 
 and lawful! order would have enclined, but that C.andL. -^^Wrf/.v, the Tribunes o*^ the Commons 
 came between with theirnc«ative\oice: whofaid, ic ftood nor well with civility,ihat one tran 
 fiiould continue ever Hili in Magiliracy, andbelidcs, that it was ?. more fliamefuli example and 
 foul precedent, that himfelflliould becreaced Conlui.wr'o aflembicd the cieit:ori : snd therefore, 
 if theDidUtor would admit of his own name,and allow himfelf ciigi^k, tr:c;y wouidnot fuffec 
 the aflembly to continue any longer: but if there might be fome other prcpouod-jd belides him, 
 they would not hinder the proceedings thereof untiil all was fir>ifhed. ^"^ The Diet-tor aiied^ed 
 g " in the behalf of theeleition, and maintained checaui'e by rhcanthcriry of :he5enat, by the 
 "grantand ait oftheCommons.and by londry examples or former tiir.c:. for when C». SfrW/- 
 *' Hs was Confuljat what time as lUnnnins the other Coniii) was lla in at ThrajyM>.nHs : by order 
 "granted out of the Senat, there was a bill preferred to the tommcni, ah.-! the fame palled by 
 ** their voiLCS, That fo long as the war continued in /r^?//, itmight be lawfuh jor the people lo 
 *'chule and create Confuls again, as often as they pleafed, wholoever they wouldj outofthe 
 *' number of them that had been Confuls. And as for examples ( quoth he ) in this cafe, lean al- 
 " ledge both old and new: to wit, long ago L. Pofilmmius A'fefillns being Interrex, was even in 
 *' that very eledion which he called and held,created Conful himlelf, with Cn.Jufj.Bubulcui : and 
 *' of latterdaies Q^Fiihittt likewife, who verily would never have accepted oftheConrul(hip,and 
 C " lufFered it to be hung upon him fo continually, if he had deemed it to be againrt the good of 
 " the common-weal. After much debate and long alteration, entertained with fundry like fpee- 
 ches,at length theDiflator and the Tribunes agreed to this point, and agreed of this iflue, That 
 they would ftand to the award and judgment of the Senat. TheLL. ofthe Senatwere all of this 
 mind,that the prefcnt condition of the common-weal required nolefs,but that the Ihte and the 
 affairs thereof fhould be managed by old and experienced Captains and Generals, andfuchas 
 were skiltuU in feats of arms.And therefore they utterly mifliked that the eledtion fhould behin- 
 dredanddirturbed.Thus the Tribunes relented,and theele£lion went forward and wasfinifhed. 
 So there were declared Conful s,O.F4^/«* Max.i\\z fifth time, Q.Fnhiiis FUccus the third time. 
 Then were created Praetors, L.Frfwr/w; PhUa^T.QuiKtius Cri^inHs^C.HoJidms Tubttlus^znd C.Aa; 
 D rpincutetHs. When thc Magiftratcs werc once eletied for the year, i^, f»/v/«jrcfigned up his Di- 
 lators room. 
 
 In the very end of this furtimer, a Canhaginian fleet of forty fail, under the conduct of AmU' 
 car the Admiral,pafled over into Sardinia-, and at firft invaded and wafted the territory of Olbia ' 
 then,after that P.A-failiftsFoifo the Prstor there,fhevved himfelf with an army, they fet a com- 
 pafs about, and failed to the other fide ofthe Ifland, and forraged the lands about C^ralita : and 
 16 returned again into y^j^r/ci^,enriched with prizes and booties of all forts. 
 
 In that year divers Priefts died at Rome-, and new fubt^ituted in their rooms. C. Servilius the 
 Prelator Pontifex was invefted and inftalled inftead of T. OClaciiius Crafus, In like manner 7". 
 SentfroMtm Lo«jT«j,the fon of Caius-, waschofcn Decemvir, deputed for holy ceremonies, in place 
 % oi T.^emfronius Longus-,i\\tionoi Tttus. M. yl/.irr/«j the King of Sacrificers departed this life: 
 and M, tMmjltus Pappus likewife the grand-Curio or Prieff of the Curiar : but to fucceed them, 
 were no Pricfls deputed that year.In this year alfo were Ccnfors created, to mt-,L-returiMs Phi- 
 /<7,and P.LiciniMs Cr^^fus the High-Prieff. As for Crajfus Licinius, had neither been Conful nor 
 Prxtorjbcfore he was made Cenfor,but Hepped (keightfrom his iEdiles room into the place of 
 Cenfor. But thefe Cenfors neither made choice of new Senators,nor yet did any publike a&. : the 
 reafon was,becaufe L.Fctunusdxcd-, whereupon LiciniuszVio gave over the Cenforfhip. The tE- 
 diles ofthe Chair L.VetHntts^ and P.Lkinius Vums-, exhibited the Roman games, and renewed 
 them again one day naore than ordinary. The vEdiles of the Commons, Q^ Catias-, and L. Fortius 
 Lici»i:ts,(it up in the Temple of C^j-f/, the molten images of bra fs, which were made of the mo- 
 r ney taken for fines and amercements ; andreprefented theplaiesand paftimesto their office be- 
 longing, right ftately and with great furniture and preparation, as the wealth and plenty of ihofe 
 timcn would afford. 
 
 In the end of this year C.LeHus the Lieutenant of Scipio arrived at P.ame^hz four and thirtieth' 
 day iftcr that he loofed and took fea at TtiracorilhnA as he entred the City with a mighty train of 
 Captives, he let the people on running out of all parts to fee that fight. The morrow after he was 
 admitted into the Senat-houfe : where he related, that new CArthAge^\}^t head City of S;7*/«,was 
 forced and won in one day; thatdiversCities which had revolted were received upon furren- 
 der 5 and other new cntted into fociety and triendfhip with the people of Romi. And by enquiry 
 of the Captives they found their intelligences to agree in manner with the ad vertifements and 
 tidings containtd inthe letters of M, VAlerms Mafju. But the thing that troubled the Lords 
 G mod. was the ■. '>yage of yifdrul! ulinto Itahy which hardly was able to withftand the forces of 
 Mm 3nd Ar;tu.diof^tx.\\tt.LAlins being brought into thegenetall aflembly of the peopledifcour- 
 fcdofrhefam'^ point^ which he had related in the Senjt-Houfe. And the Senat, in regard of the 
 ftapvjv iiKcK of ".V'ti/o, granted by adecree, aiolemhptoceffionfor oneday; and gaveordec 
 that C. lJ:i4s wif h all convenient fpeed fliould make hafte again, and repair into Spain with the 
 yen ''ir- if'ns ch^.thebioughtfrom thence. 
 
 The witiniLo oi*imh>tze I have fct down in ihisyeay,haviDg ihc wawanc of many writers: aad
 
 5 
 
 to 
 
 7 hefeiJetiand mettHemBoo\ o/T.Livius. 
 
 ■yet 1 am not ignorant,that fome there be,who have affirmed that it hapned the next year follow- H 
 inc. Butmeleems, it was an unlikely matter, that St'^p/o ftiould fpend one whole year in Sj3/«»jin 
 doing jult nothing. ... ■-]'■ 
 
 Now when O ^p ahms Max .wis Con(a\tht fiiih time,and^F«/w'«iF/<ic«'«/ the third timejoa 
 that \ ery day upon which ihey entred their office(\vhich was in the Ides of M<«rc/j^both of thetn 
 by decree of theScnatjhad the government of the Province It.ljf. but fo, as their jurifdittion was 
 fet out by the countries: foas Fut'^ius (hQ\i\d war about f^rcntum, arid Fuhtus inthe Lucansand 
 Briui.in^ LOuntries.M.C/W'M^ continued (iill ingovernment one year longer. The Prxtors bad 
 their Provinces parted between them by lot: nnto Cains HofiUms TubulusieW the jurildidion o- 
 verthe Citizens, butto LJ^eturitu P/j/VojOverforreinerSitogether with GMta.Jttus QHmuftsCri- 
 Jhi»!tsi\)\ed Cr.piu, at)dC.Af{,urctilcifiss,o\c:r\e.dSardinta. The armies were divided among the I 
 Provin.es in Uiis wife -• Unto Fuivius were alTigned the two legions which M. FaU-riMs Levims 
 had in S;a7/ :Unto Q^FaHns-, thofein Hetruna, which werecommanded h^ C .CalphnrmHs .IhQ 
 City army was appointed to fuct-eed thofe Legions in Hetruria : and C.C^'/phftrmus was ordained 
 tofic in the^O' ernment of that Province, and to have the leading of that army which ^. Fft'v.Ht 
 had. It was agreed moreov er» that T. i^uintius fhould be Lord Pref dent of C.afua,, anq have the 
 cha.ce of the army there. And that C. HofiHius fliould receive the ]nnld\t\\ono\ C .Ltciorms the 
 {"ro-Frstor^over the province at Arminum,ind likwile his army .Unto MM^ircelluj the fame le- 
 gions were allowed, wherewith he had warred fo fortunatly when he was Ccnful.Unco M.r.//e- 
 rius and L.Cinchss (for they alfo continued one year more governours in S;<r;/j)was the army re- 
 -^mainin" after the battell at C<!»«rf granted : andtheywtre commanded to Uipply and makeup K 
 all the companies thereofjOUtofthofefouldiersthat were left ot the legions of Cm, Fulvius. Fox 
 iheConfulscaufedthemtobefoughtoutand gathered together, and feiit them into Sialy. and 
 dir^raccd them with the very famekind of ignominious fuuldiery,iD which theCanniaus lerved 3 
 as alfo thofe who remaining of the army of Cn.FHlvius\.\it Pra:tor had been thither feni by ordec 
 from the Senat, for anger and defplte that they fled like as the other. Unto C.^«>-«c«/<;/»/, the 
 fame le"ions were given by decrceinSW«»;<J, wherewith PManliHsFolfe had ru ed andgovera- 
 ed tbar Provin; e. And P.Siflf:ttfis having his government prorogued for one year longer,was confi-* 
 manded to rule yiuccdonia. with the lame legion ard Armado Bill. Thirty Galleaces of five banks 
 o^oars were appointed to be fent out of %cth unto Tarerjtitm,\.o j^.f ^^/a^theConful, With 
 the reft of the navy it was agreed and order Kt down that MValeriin Levinus fhould either him- £. 
 fe-lf pafs over into ^frick^^ for t o forrage and fpoii the country, or fend L.Cisrists or M, FJerias 
 lAef- l.iy whether of them he w ould I or the government of Sp<.ww t here was no alteration, fav& 
 only this that Scipo itidSylUnus had their vommiffion.conti. -ued not for a year as the relljbut un- 
 till iuch time as they fliouldbe called from thence by order from the Stnat, Thus were the Pro^ 
 \in:es divided and thus were the forces beflowed for this year. 
 
 Among otlier affair' of greater importance, iheLleflionof the high Cms, or chief parifli- 
 PrieO who -was to be elected in the room of M, «/£»;;//«/ late deceafed, renewed andfetonfoog 
 aoainanoid .onttntion[betvveen Commons and Nobles.] For the Pwrnf/* denied, f hat C.M^w- 
 Iws Attl-f's (who was cheonly man ot the Commons that flood for it ) waseligible, and there- 
 fore not to be pricked ; forafmu.h as never any betore him obtained that facerdotali dignity, but M 
 one of Senators calling. The Tribune" being called unto for their afllHarcerefcrredtbematter to 
 the Senat, And the Senat put it unto the peoplcjforto be decided by them. SoCMdmliHs Attilius 
 was die firftCommonner that ever vva'> 'reared yiaximusCurio^ [/. f. the grand-fuperintendena 
 over all the Cht <t in matters ot Religion.] And P.Lictnius the An h-bifhop conftrained CValtri- 
 «/F/?'TJ« ro -leinitallcd andinauguratetheFlamineofy^p/rfragainR bis will. AndC. LeHoriui 
 was created De.emv ir for holy ri^es and ceremonies, and for facrifii es inLlead of t(.M»f/«j Sc£vo- 
 lahtt de-cafed. Thecati e and occalion of inauguratingthat Flamine by conflraint and compulTi-' 
 on I would wilingly have concealed sndfmothered infilence, but that the ill name, wherein he 
 was. turned afterwardf^to good fame and reputation. 'XWi'^FUtcus for hiscarelcfs loofeandrio- - 
 tousdemeanorinhis youth, in regard of whichvicioivscpnr'c of life he was odious to his owsvN 
 naturall brother L.Fl.jrcfts,ar)d oihcrhis ki siolk, wasforthefamecaufe chofenFlaminby P,Li- 
 f/'»;«jthe (aid Arch-bifhop. This man lo Toon as his mi.od was employed about Church-mat- 
 ters and religi(!us ceremonies^ fo fndderilv all :t oncealtered hi? life, and caft off hisold behaviour, 
 that there was not one of all the young men n Rome in more account and credit,nor better liked 
 of the chief of the Nobility and LL.of the Semt. as well thofe of hi^ ownhoufeand linage, as 
 oihersthat were fltar<'ers unto him. Anuw^c:nhe faw himfelf grown generally incothisgood 
 opinion and reputation among men, he began to have a very good conceit of his own parts and 
 worthinefs, inlbmnch, as he brought tip m old cullome again, and was fo bold as tocakehis 
 p"a'"ein theScnai-Houfe ( a thins;, that for manv years fpare had been intermitted and difconii- 
 Docd in regard of the bafcunworthinefsandinluffic iency of ti^'e former Flamin';.) When he wasQ 
 entred into the Senat-Jiamber, ( .L;V/»i«.(thePra:tor willed him to go forth a< being ropficefot 
 bim,3nd therewith drew him out : wheupon the Flamire called for help of the Tribunes of the 
 Commons pleadins the amient right and prcheminence of that Pric'+iv dignity, and alledgiag, 
 that C. F/iw«/«^ iiuimespaft enjoyed tnat place, together with the pall, o: embroidered ricii 
 robe, and the Ivory cl;;ir. ThePrxtor ontheothsr fide came upon him again, andfaid>; Thac 
 lighiwas not grounded upon old examples paft alldate/etchtoutof Chronicles time outof mind: 
 
 bus
 
 Thefeven and twentieth Boo\ of T. Livius. 45 u 
 
 A but he would needs have it to be carried by the moftfrefh practiceof thereweft and Jate/lcii- 
 ftome, affirming, That by prescription ot the time, either of our fathers or grandfathers daies 
 there was no Flamine oi jupue,- ufurped that priviledge. TheTlibunes, who were tomoderate 
 this queflioD, gave their judgment thus, That if aching were torekc, and dikontinued through 
 the fiipine negligence of fomc Flamins itwas worif forthemlelves and they deemed it no reafon, 
 that it lliouldhun or ptejiidite the whole prielihood. Whereupon, the Pricorhimfelf forced not 
 greatly upon the point, nor Hood much with him,and lo they admitted the Flamin into the houfe 
 with great confent of the Nobles, as well as of the Commons. And all men thus conceived of if 
 That the Flamin had obtained the thing, rather in regard of his fanilimony and holinefs of life 
 B thaa in the right ot his facerdocall dignity. 
 
 The Confuls beiore that they wcnc into their Provinces-enrolled two legions of Citizens. for 
 to fupply and make up fufti.iently thedefed of all the other fores. 1 he old City army F/.'/z^^/^f 
 cheConfukommicted unto C.Fulvitu Fliccm his Lieutenant, (and brocher he was behdes to the 
 Conful)for to be led into Hetrtiria; with direction, that the Legions already in Hetrttria.ihoxi\d 
 be brought to Rome. And Fakius the Conful caufed the rehdue of the army of Fulvms to be 
 fought up and rallied, which arofe to the number of ;; 5^6: and commanded his fon^. AlAxr 
 ww/tolcad them lato Sicily, ur\Ui Myjeriusi\\z Pro Conful, and of him to receive tkecharoe 
 of two Legions, and the thirty ;.':.liiaces aforcfaid . bearing five ranks of oars. The withdraw- 
 ing of thefe Legions out of the Kland. nothing diminilTied nor abridged thegarrilonsof thac 
 C Province, either in flrength or lliew. Forbel-.des theiwo oldlegions-, well and'^iiffi.iencly filled 
 and furniflied.he had a great power , as well horfe as foot, of Numidians, fuch as were fled from 
 the adverle part unto the Romans : and took up and le\ ied beiides for new fouldicrs, eien thofe 
 Sicilians alfo, who had been of the army ofEpw^wand the Carthaginians, men of approved va- 
 lour, and skilfull warrior:^, Thefe forrain aids, when he had put to each of the Roman legions, 
 he kept (iill the form of two compleat armies. With the one he ga\e order to L. Cincms to de- 
 fend thatpart of the Illand which had been the Realm of King ///i-z-o; with the other he main- 
 tained the red of the Ifland, divided fometimes by the confines ot the Roman and I'unick domi- 
 nions. There was a fleet alfo rigged and trimmed, confining of feventy (hips, fortoouard and 
 defend all the maritinecoafts, along the trait ot the fea fide. Himfelf in perfon, with the horfe- 
 L> men of Mtuines, rode about all the Province ,for to vifit the lands and grounds, and to take note 
 which were tilled and well husbanded ,which lay forclet and uniilied;and to commend orchalHfe 
 and rebuke the landlords and owners thereof accordingly. The care and regard ot torn, thus far 
 forthdidgood-that the Province was able both to fend good (lore to Roms^ and alfo to convey 
 unto Catana fufficient to maintain the army that was to lie in ftanding Camp that fummer about 
 TarentHm. 
 
 But the fouldiers who were tranfported over into Sialy ( and for the better part they were 
 Latines and other Aflociats j were like to caufe a great rifing and commotion : whereby we may 
 fee, that of fmall occafions and beginnings olteniimes nrife great matters ot important confe- 
 quence. For the Latines and Allies in all their Diets and Councils at home, began to mutter and 
 £ grumble, " That now for ten years fpace they were with continuall mulkrings and paiments of 
 " fouldiers wages confumed and fpcnt,that there was not a year in manner went over their heads 
 *' but it coif them fome greatlofs and overthrow in battell. Many were flain in the wars, other 
 *' died of difeafes.So that a Citizen oftheirs, if he were taken and preft once by the Romans, for 
 "lobeafouidier wasmorefuretoperifli, than if he were taken prifoncr by the Cartha^'inians: 
 " tor the enemy fent their captives back again j^-mrw, and without ranfome.home intotheir coun- 
 *'try : the Romans poHed and packed them away out of Italy^ as confined to a place of ba- 
 *'nifhment (tofpeak truly) rather than appointed to lerve in warfare. ForTeehow the fouldiers, 
 *' remaining after the field of C,««;7tf, havecontinund there, and waxen old thefe eight years al- 
 " ready. and no doubt there were they like to lay their bones before that the encmy(who never fo 
 J *' flourifhed,nor wasfottroiigasnow)would depart from thence.Incal'e then that old fouldiers 
 "return not into their country, and new (fillbechofcn, within a whilethere would be none left 
 "behind. And therefore beft it were for them, before they were come toextream poverty and de- 
 " folation prefently to deny the people of /Jowf that,whilcsl'omewhat is left, which fliortly they 
 *■ muft be driven to do of very necelVity when all is gone. And if the Romans fee their Allies 
 *'once agree togcther,and take this couri'e.they will then verily bethink themfelves,and grow to 
 *' fome terms of m.iking peace with the Carthaginian". For otherwile be fure as long as Anni- 
 *' ^<j/ hath a day to live /t-f/y will never be clear of wars. Thefe and fuch like ipeeches pafied in 
 *' their Diets abovefaid. There were at thactime thirty Colonies of the people of Rome: and 
 whiles the Embaflages from them all were at Rawcy twelve of them denied the Conuils flatly, 
 andfaidtheywerenot able any longerto find either men or money. And thofe were thefe, ^r- 
 Q dciti Nefet^ Sittrimni Circeit-, j4ll>a, Carfccii, Suefit-, Sora, Secia, Cales^ Narnin-, littcramna. 
 The Confuls amazed at this flrange and unexpefted accident, being defirous to drive them 
 out of that mind, and to fcare them from fo deteflable a refolution, ibppofed they fhould pre- 
 vail more by chartihng and rebuking, than by fair and gentle dealing: and therefore told them a- 
 gain, " That thfey had prefumed to fpeak that unto the Confuls, which they again were abaiTied 
 ••'and could not find in their hearts to deliver and relate intheSenat-houfe.Forfurely ('fay they) 
 '*this isnot artfufallof fouldiery and war fervice, butavery mcctrevoking from the people 
 
 ''of
 
 r , 2 1 be feven md twentieth Boo\^ o/T.Livius, 
 
 ( 
 
 *' of /?owf,and no better ih:!n an open rebellion.Thercfore ihey werebeft to return again fpeedily ^ 
 *' into their le\ eral Colonies,and to conlult with tlieir neighbors & countrimtn^vvhiles ihemat- 
 ter remained ycc all whole ;as men who had rather lee fall icme words rafhly at adventDre,ihan, 
 " refolved indeed to attempt and commit lb hainous an ad: yea and to tell them.and put them ia 
 '' mind.thac they themfclves were neither Campans nor Taremins-.but meer Romansjliom ihetn 
 " delcended, and of iheir race ; from thence lent as Colonies into the lands that were won by 
 *' conquell,ior to breedjincreale, and multiply ; and to admonifh them, That whaifoever duties 
 '•children owe to their parentSjthe fame they owedunto the Romans,if there remained in them 
 '•any kind and naturall affedion, any remembrance of their ancient nati\e country: and toex- 
 " here them to confider better of the mat:er,and to lay their heads together anew.Forafmuch as 
 " ihofe delignments of theirs tended to betray the State and Empire of Rome., and to deliver the I 
 " viftory of all unto ^3-.' />.!/. When the Confukone after another had dealt andbeeninhand 
 with them a long time in this manner: and the Embaffadors nothing moved with theirwords, ' 
 made anfwer again.That neither they knew what other meflage to bring home; nor their Senat ; ' 
 what new counfell to take ; I'n.e that they h-id not any more men to be mulked for fouldiers) 
 nor money to be paid for wages: iheConfuls feeing them foftiffiy and oblfinaily bent, made re- 
 lationihereof betore theSenac, whereupon every man was Ifricken into fo great fear and trouble 
 of mind,thatmany ofihem gave out.that the Empire of A'owf was come lo an end. Theiike>lay 
 ihey, will the red ot the Colonies do, and furely all our confederates andallies are combined and " 
 at>reedtobetrjy the City of Romeunio ^»»:kil. But the Confuls comforted the Senat, and bad 
 rhem be of good chear laying, That ali the ether Colonies behdes would continue loyall and fall K 
 in their duty and alleageance: and even thofe alio whivh had failed intheir obedience, if there 
 might be Embafladors lent amorgiithem, to rebuke and chaliife them, andnottofpeakcheni 
 fair^and entreat them by way of prayer,would :io doubt have a refpedive reverence of the maje- 
 flyof the Roman Empire. Now whcntheLL.ofihe Senat had committed tjie ordering of this 
 matter wholly unto them for to manage and hard.e, according as they ll^ould think good lorche 
 weal-pnblike: after they had throughly founded the hearts and minds ot all the reft of the Colo- 
 nies, they called and cited ail the Ernbaffadors, and demanded of them whether their fouldiers 
 were in readinel's,accordingto the capitulations of the covenant. Then M.SexttliM of Fregella 
 made anfwer in the behalt of eighteen of rhem, '"■That not only their fouldiers were ready ac- 
 *' cordin°co theform ofthecovenant.butalfoifmore were needful more they would allow.and L 
 "whatfoeverelfe the people of /^o?wirimpofeduponthem,and wiflied them to perform,thefame 
 *' would they (train themfclves to do to the utmoff:for,asyGtihey had people tf ore, and a purfe 
 "•^^ood enough : and as for their heart, ic was mudi better than their ability. The Confuls after 
 they hadmadea fliorcfpeechuntothem by way of a preamble, laying, that they thought it not 
 fufficien: for their defert to be commended from their mouth only, imlefs ail theLL'. generally 
 in the Senat- houie gave them condign thanks with one voice and common accord, willed 
 ihem to follow after them thither. The Senat having thanked them in as honourable terms as 
 iheycouid polTibiy devife, and entertained them with moft gracious words, gave order to the 
 CoDf«ls,to biii'f them forth alfo in the face ot the whole people of the City : andbefcre them, 
 among other f.ngular favors and kindnefles which they had (hewed both unto them and alfo un- M 
 lo their anceftorsjto makerehearfall of this late good defert of others, which they afforded un- 
 to the Common- wealth :totheend.ch.t now aifoafterfo many ages and lives of men paftihey 
 fliould not be forgotten and buried in hlence, nor defrauded of their juH praife and due com- 
 mendation. And thefe were they that remained true hearted and faft unto the City oiRome : 
 The Signins, Nolans, and Norban:, ; theSatiiculans, Brunduhns, and Fregellans; theLucerins, 
 Venuiin^.and Adrians; the Firmans, and inhabitants of jinmiyiurn.had Irom the other fea fide 
 the, Pontiani-Pefians, andCoftans: and of mid landers, the Beneventins, Eflernins, Spoletins, 
 Piacentins, and the Inhabitants of C?-r»;o;j^. Upon the aid and fuccour of thefe Colonies, the 
 Roman Hate at this time reftcd and flood maintained : and thefe all were highly thanked 
 boihin theSenat and in the aflembly of the people. As ix»r the other twelve Colonics, whichl4 
 had reiufed to do their obedience, theLL. of the Senat gave exprefs commandment that they 
 fliould not befo much as once minded or named: and that the Confuls fiiould neither give 
 them their difpatch, nor retain themftilKnor fo rauchasfpeak unto them. This fiient kind of 
 rebuke without word givingjli^emed to fland moll: with the majeify andgrandcure of the people 
 ot Rome, 
 
 Whiles the Confuls were diligent in providing and making ready all other things requifite and 
 meet for the wars, it was thought good to bring abroad the w<:cy<»;<«r7 gold [ to wit, the twen- 
 tieth part of al 1 their tributes and revenues]which had been laid up and referved apart in a more 
 fecrei clofet of the Cicy-chamber,againft an hard winter('as they fay)to ferve for what need foever 
 the Common- wealth fhould ftand in. So there was taken forth fourthoufand pound weight of Q 
 yold) whereof three hundred pound was given to the two Confuls apiece.andfolikewife to M, 
 Ma^cellhs, znd P.Sulp-ttus&e Pro-Confuls :and to L, Fetiir»t<sihcVtxiot, unto whofe lot the 
 Province o^ I'raice brfeil.And Fabtus theConful had an addition befides himfelfabove the reft of 
 one hundred pound weight of gold tor to be carried into the Caftleof Tarentum: Thereflof the 
 gold they disbiirfed for to make ready paiment down upon the nail unto them that undertook to 
 providejpparrelfor iheartny in i)**!//;, which to their own fame.and the honour of iheir General, 
 f&ned therein the wars. Mojre-
 
 The [even and twentieth Boo\ of T. Li vius. 5 1 ^ 
 
 A Moreover, it was thought good, that before the Confnis dep:irted into their Provinces the 
 prodigious tokens fliould be purged and expiate. On the Aiban mount there were imittcn with 
 tire from heaven the Image of Jw/u;^, and a tree (-landing near onto the 'lemple: I'kewile the 
 lake at Hofiic^ the w3llatC.'?;)«.i, and the Chur.h ot Fortune : and at Simtcjfaxhe. wail and g..:e ot 
 thetown. Thefe, I fay were, bla(kd with lightningv»nd linittcn with thunderboiis. There were 
 fome alio brought word, that the water at yt//:'^ranbloud. And at aWv within the fanttuaryot" 
 the chappel of r ors F«rtu>i.t^i little im.ige that itood upon her coronct,tell of its own accord from 
 the head of the ^'oddefs into her hands. And at Privtrftum it was tor certain reporced and known 
 ofatruch, thai an Oxc Ipake, and chat a Vulture or Gripe flew into afliopinthc markei nla.e, 
 B whenit was full of people. And at S/;;«f/"./ there was an In.ant born oidoubtfuli fcx, b!.c\veen 
 male and female.( which the commonlort call ^^lirij^v^o-fj as for the molt parr.;ieekmmes, ad- 
 mit more eafiecompolition of two words than theLatine) and there it rained miik, and a man- 
 child was born with an Elephants head. Thefe (Irange and fearfull hgns were expiate, and facls- 
 fa6\ion made for them with greater facrihces; and a folemn procclTion in all the Churches and 
 Chappels. with prayers and fupplication^ was proclaimed for one day.Befides a decree was gran- 
 ted, thatC. //<?/?//'<« the Pra'tor iTiould vow and let out the games and piaies of ^p//a, iniuch 
 manner as of lateyears they had been vowed and fet forth. 
 
 About the fame time Q^ Falviw the Conful held an aflembiy forthe creation of Cenfors, and 
 elected Ceniors were M. Cornel. CethegHiiZnd P.Semf.onius Tudica^jus, who neither of them had 
 C ever had been Coll. And by a grant or commiflion from the Senat, there was a bill preferred un- 
 to the CommoDs,and the fame pafled, that thefe Cenfors fliould fet, and to farm let the territory 
 ot Capua. The review ot the Senat and choice of new Senators was hindred and llaidjby rea'on 
 of a contention between the two Cenfors, \r ho fliould be the prefident of the Senat. Now the 
 t hoofing of him lay in Semfronius\ni hand. HowbeitCorwA.vr allcdged, that the cnllome and 
 tradition of fore-fathers fliould be followed, namely, to eieil him for Prehdenr, who of all them 
 that were now living had born hrft the ofHce ot Cenfor. And that was 7". M ir.itm Torqu^.tus, 
 Semjiro»iHs replied again,and faid,that as the gods had given him by lot the firrt place, fo they had 
 granted him free liberty cothoofe whom he would. And thereforehe wou\dek6\ O^F. tin »>■ AfM„ 
 whom at thattime he wasableioprove tobetheprintipallmanof all the City, without exccp- 
 D tion and take ^wM/^.Vhimfclf for the Judge, After much variance and conteliing of words,at 
 length Si: w;>r-(?«/«.f by relenting and permi/Tionofhis Coliegue elected Q^ Fj.bipis //.j.v. the chief 
 Senator. Then the Senat waschanged, and new Senators chofen, and eight we're overpafled and 
 left out, among whom was Z,. r<ea/;«xA/ef(f/7«/, he that gave the infamous and Oumefull conn- 
 fell- to abandon Itmly after the defeat zx.Ca>jK<c, In nbting likewife and difgrating the Knights 
 and Gentlemen, the fame caufe was conlidered of,and took effeA, but very few inhere were of 
 them that were touched with that infamy: but ail thofehorfemen belonged to the Canuian legi- 
 ons who were in StcUy ( and no fm.tll number there was of them ) had their horfes tak^m from 
 them: Andtoas^ravatethisfliarppunillimentand noteof difgrace, they were pbgued alfo with 
 time of long warfare: for fo many o!^ them as had lervcd with horfe allowed by the City, fliould 
 E not reckon upon the years pafled already, but were to. follow warfare ten years forward, and find 
 themfelves horfes. Moreover, thefe Cenfors after diligent fearch and furvey found out and mec 
 with a great number of thofe that ought to haveferved on horfeback: and look how many of them 
 vvcreTixteen years old and upward at the beginning of the war and had not been employed in the 
 wars thofe alltheydiffranchifed, and made iErariiorcontributaries. After this, they bargained by 
 the great for the repairing and rc-edifyingsgainoftho e edifices which had been confumed by 
 fire about the For«w.[ or market placejnamely^the fevenfliopsstheLfiHi jfliamblcs,and theKings 
 HailjOr royall gallery. 
 
 Thus when all things were finiflied which were to be done at S<j»;i?,theConfu!s fet forward to 
 the wars. And firft Fidvitis went before loCapaT. and feme few dales after Fauns foilovved:who 
 p befouii',htboth his own Collej;ueby word of mouth moft earneltly, and iMoA'tarcetlm byeffe- 
 duall letters, to make fliarp war upon yin;?/^/?/, and to keep him occupied, while he aflailed Ta- 
 rentHm: which City, if it were oncctakenffom the enemy he were then driven out ofall& having 
 no place to put his head in, norwhi.h he might make account to fland fart and trully unto him, 
 he lliouldhave noreafon at allonceto{fayin/f<t/)'. He difpacched alfo a meflenger to Rhenium 
 unto the Captain ol the fort and garrifon, which by Licvwus the Conful was there placed againft 
 the Brmii: and thofe were eight thoufand men. The greatell part of them were of thefe good 
 fellows,and that damned ere Wjwherof we fpake before, who iifcd to live by robbing and Healin'", 
 and werebroughctliither from yi;rrft;r«.?ont ofS.'r;//.Un:o whom there wereadjoyned many of 
 the fir«f// alfo tbgitives from thence, and asgood as themlebes every way, both for audaciouf- 
 nefs, and alio for needinel's to fet upon any bold adventure whatfoever. Thispowerof menhe 
 G commanded fhould be le.id to wade and fpoi! the Brntians country fir(t, and thento lie againft 
 the City Canloi'.^zud to affauit it-They hating performed thisfervice,noc only willingly &chear- 
 ful'.y, but al o with creedinefs: having alfo chafed away and rifled the husbandmen and peafants 
 o*^ thecmintrv, aflailed the City wirh a 1 forcible mean:--. Af..;Tc//«/flirred up and provoked by 
 ihnfe letters of the Conful :?nd having a good opinion ofhis own that of all the Roman Cap- 
 tains there was not one fo able to match ^-^wMashimfelf, left his wintering flanding Camp, ib ' 
 foon as ever thsre was torrage and grafs i»the country, took the field .^n^ erroo^tretj Annibd
 
 r- , J, The feven and tn^entieth Boo\ o/T.Livius, 
 
 AiCamfittm. Now was >4««;^<i/ in hand with the Canufins, and lollicited them to revolt. But j| 
 bearing once that Marcellns approached,he diflodged from thence. The country thereabout was 
 plain and open,without any covert places to beQow an ambuili, and to lay trains in,therefore he 
 bean to retire himrelt from thence into the woodland parts. -i1/^rcf^«/ tracked him Hill, and 
 foOovved him hard at heels, and encamped dofe unto him : and ever as he had fortified and en- 
 trenched himfelfjhe brought loith his men into the field, ready for battel. Anmhd entertaining 
 fmall skirmiQics withcertainCornets and troops of horfemen, and with light appointed foot- 
 men, that lanced darts and javelins, thought it not neceffary yet to come unto apight fet battel, 
 and venture all upon one throw, Howbeit he was drawn to ahght,maugrehishead,hovvloever 
 he iaboured to avoid it. For being gone afore one night-./^->?rrf//«/ overtook him upon a plain and 
 open ground : and as he was pitching his tents he kept him from fortifying, by charging his pio- 1 
 reisand labourers on every fide. Whereupon they came to a very batcell.and fought with all the 
 forces they had on both iides: and when it grew toward night, they departed afunder on e\ en 
 hand: but before it was dark they had encamped not far one Irom another,and in great haHe made 
 fhift to fortifie thcmfelves. The nest morning by day light Marcdlns came forth into the held 
 with all his power: neither refufed Annihd the challenge," having with many words comforted 
 *' and encourjoed his fouldiers to remember 7/5>-<a/^wf»«/ and C\i»;j<«5 to cut the comb and beat 
 '■'■ down and tame this fell (lomack and lurty courage of the enemy : who prelleth dill (quoth he) 
 *' and feekeih uponus,not fuffering usto march on quietly in our journey ,nor to pitch our tents: - 
 t'oUinc^usno leave to breath our felvcs, nortime to look about us. Thereisnotamorning,buc 
 
 * fo foon as theiun is up in the horizon to give light to the world) the Roman army is out in the K 
 t' field to give us battel. It we could draw bloud ofhimon;e, and fet him out of the field with 
 *^bloud about his ear?,he would for ever after fight more quietly ,and talce better leii'ure with him. 
 With thefe and fuch like comfortable words and effeftuall remonftrances they were well anima- 
 ted ; as a.fo provoked ieeingthemfelves thus molefted by the enemy, who day by day never cea- 
 fed to challenge and brave them (iiil : whereupon they began a fierce and cruellbattell. They had 
 now continued fight above two hours j and ihenbegan the Roman Cavalry from the right wing, 
 and the extraordinary fouldiers that flanked the main battell, to give ground and difmartcb. 
 Which Mdrcel. perceiving-he brought forward the eighteenth legion in the vanguard. And whiles 
 fome retreated back fearfully, others come forward but (lowly, the whole battell was put out of 
 order, and dil'arrayed ; and fo at length it was difcomfited : and for that fear furmounted {hame, L 
 they turned their backs and fled away amain. Slain there were in the confli6l and in the rout 
 to-^ether fome 2 700 Citizens and AlUes one with another: among whom, there were four Ro- 
 man Centurions, and two Colonels, Marcus Licimns, and Marcus Fuhius, Of military enfigns, 
 there werefour loll of that right wing which firft fhrunkand ioft ground :and two others of that 
 Icion which came to fuccour their fellows that gave back and retreated. Marcellns after that he 
 wasreturned intotheCamp, welcomed his fouldiers with fuch abitter and fharpOration, ihac 
 the very words of the Generall in his anger and wrath were more heavy and grievous unto them, 
 
 TheOrjtIori than the confiift it felf, which they had unfortunatly endured all the day long before. "I yield 
 of mutccUm to u praife yet, and render thanks to the immortall gods, (quoth he)as I may in fuch a cafe,that our 
 his fouldicis. ^ enemies having vanquifhed & conquered you in the field,and driven you info great fear to run M 
 
 • headloi^ within your trenches & gates,came not with all at once to affail thecamp.For furely in ' 
 *' the fame tearful fright that you forfook battel,you would likewife have abandoned your tents & 
 
 '' pavilions.What fearfulnefs is this ? Whence cometh thisterrour ? What means this oblivion of 
 
 <■'■ yoursPHow cometh it to pafs.thatye fliould fo forget all on a fudden,both your own felves,and 
 
 *' them with whom ye have to fightrWhy furely,they are the fame enemies & no other,whom the 
 
 " fummer pall.you did nothing ijut either vanquifli ic overcome-«r elfe purfue & follow in chafe : 
 
 ^ whom for thefe certain dales part,yehavebeenready to tread on their heels as they fled and ran 
 
 "away before you both by day Sc night;whcm in light skirmifhes ye have difcomfited;whom no 
 
 »' longer a"o than yeflerday,you fuffered neither to march forward.nor to pitch their camp. I for- 
 
 " bear to (peak, and I pafs in filence thofe things which in good right ye may fland upon & makeN 
 
 « your boaft. I fay not hing of that whereof ye ought to be afhamed & difpleafed with your felves, 
 
 " namely. how but even yefterday ye brake ofFthe fight on even hand, and retired outofthefield, 
 
 *• when the enemy had got no advantage? What hath this one night, or what hath one day cut 
 
 " you off? Are either your forces in this mean time abridged & diminifhed,Gs your enemies ang- 
 
 *' mentcdSi encreafed? Now furely,me thinks,! fpeak not to mine own army ,nor to Roman foul- 
 
 "diers.Only ye carry about you the lamebodies&armour thatyewerewont.Forif ye had born 
 
 "the fame minds and hearts with you, fliould the enemies ever have feen yourba«.ks? Should 
 
 « theyhave taken either banner from any company, or enfign from cohort andfquadron? As 
 
 " yet the enemy never vanted and made boaliof the defeat of our Roman legions. You are 
 
 "the very firll that thii day have given him the honour of difcomfiting and putting to flight our Q 
 
 *' army.Then tlicyallcricd outjand befought him to pardonthatdaies default, and tomake trial 
 
 " once a'.'ain of his fouldiers courages when and whercfocver he would. Mary, and that I will 
 
 " (quoth hc)my fouldiers: I willput you toit: even to morrow I will bring you abroad in;othe 
 
 *' field, and after ye have got the viAory ye fliall obtain that pardon which ye now crave. 
 
 ■ So he gaveordcr, that thofe cohorts which had lofl theirenfgnsfliould havetheallowanceof 
 
 bariy inftead of wheat : and as for thofe Centurions of the bands or companies, whole banners 
 
 were
 
 Thefiven and twentieth Boo\of T, Livius. 5 15 
 
 A were loft, them he degraded in this manner: He caul'ed them to be difarmed, and their skeins to 
 be drawn naked and taken tiom them, and lb kc them go and fli ike their ears. And withal, he 
 made proclamation that che next day they fliouid all prelent themlelv es in readineSjis well foot- 
 men as hor:emen. Which done, he dilmified the audicn.e, and they all confeffed and acknow- 
 ledged, that they were jultly and worthily thus chei-ked and rebuked: and that there was not that 
 day one man in the Roman army, fettirg al'.de the General himlelt only, but he was bound to 
 make amendsandfatista(ftion,either with fpending heart blond, or atchievinga noble victory, 
 Ibe morrow after they all lliewed themfelves unto him in their armor,and wel appointed,accor- 
 ding to his commandment. The General commended them for tbeir torwardnes : and gav e them 
 ioundtrHand,thathe vvoudfct thofein thCiorelrontol the vanguard, whii.h the day before bc- 
 
 JB gan torunavvay,asalfo thoie cohort likewile that lolftheirenligns.And now he gave them war- 
 ning, and charged them all to fight it outluHily, to win theneid: and to endeavour and rtrain 
 themlelves> both all and fome, that uienewsofyellerdayes flightcamenot to /Jowc before and 
 prei ented the tame of this djyes viftory.Then he willed them to go to their meat,and to iireng- 
 ihen their bodies: that in cafe the fight (hould hold long,tbcy might be able to endure to theend. 
 Now- when all was laid and done, that might encourage and (iir up the hearts ot ibuWiers they 
 went out & advanced their enfigns inti the field. ^««;/;.i/being r.dvertifed hereof,^' Now believe 
 "me (qd. he) we have to deal with ah enemy indeed, who is ofthat nature, that he can neither 
 " brook hisgood fortune5nor away with bad.Ifhe hath won at any timejhe purlbeth thoie whom 
 " he hath vanquilliedaruelly. Contrary-wife it he have lort, he beginncth to fight with the con- 
 
 C " querors again right frefhly. Then he commanded the trumpets to lound,ind brought iorth his 
 power in battel array. A held was fought there on both hands more fliarpiy a good deal,than the 
 day before.The Carthai'inians llrived to keep the honorand reputation of yefterdayes fcr^ ice;the 
 Romans (trained to wipe away the ignominy and flume of that dayes toil. On the Romans I'.cJe, 
 the Cavalry of the left wing, and thole cohorts which had loft their enfigns, fought in the van- 
 guard, and the twentieth legion was marfhalled and ranged in the right point of the battel. L. 
 Coru. tins LentHlus.v[\A CCUitdms A/ijr/had the leading of both ihefe \s'wgs., A/.A^Iarcelli-is himleif 
 commanded the main battel, and withal his perlbnal prefence encouraged them, asa witnefsof 
 their valour and courage. Now, when as the fight had continued long, and the v'iftory endined 
 no way, y4»«J^<t/commanded the Elephants to be put forth upon the very forefront of the bac- 
 
 p te!,to fee if that obj>.fl might polTibly work fome terror andconfufion among the Romans. And 
 at the firrt they difordered the enfigns, and troubled the ranks: fo as partly by treading under foot, 
 and partly by fcattering them for fear>that were all about,they had laid naked and open the battel 
 in one part; and in more places than fo had the Romans fled.but that C. Decinms FUvas, a Colo- 
 nel, having from the firft band of the Haftati, caught up the banner in his hand, commanded the 
 company thereto belonging to follow him; and thither he led them where theforefaid Elephants 
 were gathered round, and made fouleft work^and charged them to fling their darts and javelinsac 
 them. All this fhot light Aire, and milTed them not, yea,and fome ftuck in them: and no marvel, 
 for the beaCts were neer at hand the bodies great and ftandingthick in a plump together. But as 
 they were not all woundedjlb they that had the d-irts let taft in their ba^. ks and fidesjwere as rea- 
 dy ffuch is their nature,dingerous tomeddlewithal) for to hurt their own mafters, as the ene- 
 mies : and all turned upon their fellows.that were unhurt, and draVe them back. So as novVjUOt 
 that entire band only, but every fouldierelle for his o»vn part, who was able to reach the herd 
 (as it were) of the Elephants as they fled, did his beft to lance javelins and fliort darts at them. 
 And lb much the more furioufly ran the beafts upon their own, and made a far greater havock 
 there, than they had done among the enemies ; by how much more fiercely fear and fright fee 
 them agate, and fent themforward, than the will ot their matters that fate upon them, was able 
 to role and reftrain them. The Roman footmen cipying this advantage, came tor ward with their 
 enfigns and banners upon that battaillon, which was put in difarray by the running to and tro of 
 thcfe unruly dumbcreatures, and without much ado and farther skirmiflvput them to flight,aftet 
 
 p they were once broken out of their ranks, and fet in a fright. Then Marcellus fent his Cavalry after 
 thcm,to purfuethem as they lied, and tofollow thechale, and never gave they over hunting and 
 courfing them, until they had lodged them in great fear within their camp. Forbcfides all other 
 things, which made them thus feared and affrighted, there chanced two Elephantsto fall down in 
 the very gate ?i entrance thereof,fo that the fouldicr> were forced to rufli into it over the trench 
 andrampier. Inthat place was the grcateft flaughter made of the enemies. For there were flain 
 eight thoufand men, and five Elephants. Neither had the Romans a bloudlefs viftoryofit: for 
 of the two legions, there died f aft upon 1700, and of the Allies more than 1 400. Befides many a 
 citizen and contederat (ore wounded. And yi»«//'/i/ the next night diflodged and departed. Mar- 
 celliis aithongh he was defirous ro follow upon him,yet he could not for the multitude of his hurt 
 
 Q men. Thecfpials that were fent out topurfue him in his march, brought word back the next day, 
 that Anyiihalx.onVhh way into the Btutians country. 
 
 Neer about the lame rime, thcHirpins Lucans, and Volfcents, after they had delivered up the 
 garrifonsof y^«>i/7».^/, which they had in their Cities, yeelded themfelves alfo to Q^ Pnlvins the 
 Conuil, and were received to mercy with great clemency by the faid Conful, after fome rebuke 
 given them in words only for their trefpafs and errour paft. The Brutians alfo had the like hope 
 ofp3rdon3whenasrj^/»«& Prfff/WjCwo brethren ,of the nobleft houfeof that nation.came from 
 
 Y y ihetn
 
 «5 16 'The [even and wentieth Boo\ofT, Livius. 
 
 them to fue for the lame condition of yeelding and furrendring themfelves, which was granted H 
 
 cntotheLucans. . , , . „ , 
 
 C. Falfins the Conful, won by affauk a Town in the Salertins countrey called Mandaria, 
 Pri^ners were taken there 4000, and lomegood flore of other pillage, rrcm thence be went to 
 •r^r<w«w, and in the very mouth ofthe haven, lay againlt the City. Thofc fhips which L;i'/«i 
 bad for to waft the convoy of visuals, he partly charged with engins^, and other ordnance to 
 alTaultTcwns withal^andlpartly furnifhed with artillery, wiihftones, and fhot of all forts: the 
 (hips ot burden likewife/andnottheGallics only which were guided by oars} to the end, that 
 feme might bring Engins and Ladders unto the walls, and others aloof from out of the fliips, 
 woundand hurt thofe that defended theCicy.Thefefliips were ordained and appointed from the 
 open Sea to affault the City. And clear was the Sea of all danger from thePunicknavy, which I 
 Wis fent unto C<? -9r/i,at what time as PMip minded to affail the ^tolians. In this mean while, 
 the aflailants oiCMhma, a little before the coming of ^»;j;^.7/, for fear left they fhouldbe fur- 
 prifed betook themfelves to a little hill; which as it was (for the prefenc danger) a place offafety, 
 lb it wanted all things elfe. Fah,(is,ishchy atfiegeabout 7 «rf;7r«»«,was much helped to the at- 
 chieving of a matter of great importance,by a trifling thin^ to fpeak of, and of fmall moment in it 
 felf. The Tarencins had a garrifon ot the Brutians, fent ftom Anmbal to defend the City. The 
 Captain ofthisgarrifon was greatly enamoured and ready to die for the love of a woman, who 
 had a brother that ferved in the army of Fi^.bms the Conful, He being certified by letters from his 
 tinef, of this new acquaintance that fhe had with that forrainer and firanger, fo wealthy and lb 
 honorable a perfon among his country-men; conceived fome hope by means of his lifter, that k 
 her lover might be brought to any thing, and wrought as they would: and fo acquainted the 
 Conful withliis conceited hope. And this feemed no vain imagination. Whereupon the young 
 man was fent to Tarentttm in habit and quality of a fugitive, and by the mediation of his fifter, 
 grew into fome favour with the Captain aforefaid: andattirft praaifedfecretlytounderteel and 
 found his mind,and afterwards feeing the weaknefs and inconftancy of the man^he pre\railed with 
 him lb much, through the flattering fpeeches and allurements of the woman, as to betray the 
 keeping and guard of that place whereof he had the charge. After that the manner how, and the 
 lime when this plot fliould be put in execution,was agreed upon,the laid fouWier was let out of 
 the City clofely by night in a place between the corp de ay.ard,^n(i informed the Conful what was 
 done already-.and in what fort every thing was to be done. F^bius at thefirft watch,after he had L 
 oiven a token and watchword to them in the Caftle, and to thole likewife that had the keeping 
 ofthehaven,himfelffet a compafs about the faid haven and lay as clofely as he could to that part 
 of the City which lieth to theEaft. Then all at once the trumpets foundedfrom the Caftle, from 
 the haven and fliipSjwhich in the open Sea rid neer at hand. Great houting there wasjand much 
 ado on let purpofe from all thefe quarters, whereas indeed there was leaft danger or none at all 
 there. In the mean fealon the Conful kept his men in. Whereupon Democrates^ who had before- 
 time been Admiral of the Armado, and whofe chance it was to have the guarding of that, place, 
 s^ainft which the Conful Jay clofe, feeing all thereabout quiet enough, and no ftirring at all, and 
 hearin" all other pirts tojring again and refound with fuch alarms as otherwhiles it feemed the 
 City w°as taken and Won, and fearing left if he fat ftilland beftirred not himfelf, the Conful would y^ 
 make fome Camifado, and give the afl'ay to enter the City with banner difplaied ; withdrew his 
 guard toward the Caftle, from whence was heard the greateft and moft lerribie noife. Fabinst 
 when heperceived once by gueffmg at the time^as alio by the hlence it felf in thatplace(for where 
 but a while before they kept much ado raifmg up one another, and calling to arm, there now all 
 was hufiit ard not a word)tliat the guards were had away from thence^he commanded that the 
 ladders llionld be brought to that fide of the walKwhere the brocher 3c broker both of the trea- 
 ibn, had brought word that the cohorts of the Brutians were quartered and kept their guard. 
 Thus on that part was the wall won.by the means of the Brutii,who were ready to helpand take 
 them up,and fo they got over into the City. Then was the nest gate broken open, that the army 
 might come by companies under their feveral colours. Whereupon they let up a fhoui;and alittle N 
 betore break of day, they marched as far as into the market ftead,and met with none to make head 
 againft them, and caufed all them that fought at the Caftle and thehaven, to turn upon them. 
 There, in the very entrance of the market place, began a great skirmifli, rather fought hotly than 
 maintained thorowly, Forthe Tarentin fouldiers were nothing comparable to theRomans, ei- 
 ther in courage of heart,or goodnefs ol armour; in skill and knowledge of war.or in luftinels and 
 flrength of body. And therefore when they had only fliot their darts, even before they came to 
 handftrokes,they turned back and flunk away through the lanes ofthe City,where with they were 
 well afquainted.fome to their own home. and fome to their friends houfes. Two of their Cap- 
 tains , N:co and Democrat cs, fought manfully, and were fiain, PlvUmencSfwho was the principal 
 head that wrought t he revolt unto A>^y!ibtU.htd out of the skirmifh as faft as ever his horfe would O 
 carryhim:buta whileafter his empty horfe wasfeen&known wandering aftray in the City, but 
 his body conld never be found. It was commonly believed, thatheflung himfelf headlong from 
 his horfeback,into a certain open pit. As for C.irr /)<!/o,Captain ofthe Punick garriron,hecaft away 
 hisarmour and weapon, and as he was coming to the Conful with agoodly tale, recounting and 
 remcmbring his fathers friendfhip and intertainmenc to the Romans, there hapned a fouldier to 
 meet him and ftiike otf his head. Then by fome or other in everyplace , the Carthaginians and 
 
 Tarentins
 
 The [even and tn>entktb Boo^of T, Li vius. < ly 
 
 ^ Tareminsboth went to wrack, and were kilied without mercy and regard; as well unirmedas 
 armed. Yea, there were many of the Brutians alfo lell upon the edge ot the fwoid, were it that 
 they wercjtnillaiien, or for an old grudge and in-bred hatred ; or to lupprelVe and extingnilh the 
 bruit and mmor that went of betraying the Town : to the end that Tarcmtttn mightfeem the la- 
 iherwonby aflaultand torLCofarms.'ltien from murder and flaughter they fell to lack and fpoil 
 the City.Jliere were taken prifoners by report thirty thouland head of Haves : a mighty mals of 
 iilver tried apd coined : of gold 87000 pound weight. Images and painted tables or pidf ures, fo 
 manyjas \eryneer amounted to the number of the ornaments oi SyyttcHJa.l^ni Fabins of abravct 
 mind, abftaintd from that kind of prize and pillage, whiLh MarceHusiozhdiZ^ not. For when his 
 Scribe or Secretary asked hun. whjthis pieaiure was, fbould be done with the images (and the 
 
 ■D Statuesthey were oftheGods,of amighty hignefs andprof)ortion, portraied^very one intheir 
 own nabit iikc warriors:)Mary('qd.he_)let the Tarentins^^have their angry Gods Hill amon" them, 
 forme. Aticrthis,the wail which divided the City from xhe Gall le, was dilmantled, ral'eddown, 
 and laid even vvitn the ground. .^ulivj. 
 
 ■ Whiles thefc things hapned ac T«re?!tu7K^Akr.ih(^.l(zktt they had yedded thcmfeh cs unto him 
 thatbeheged CWo«//») hearing olthehcgeand ailauit of' 7"«:rMfww,vvent night and day and made 
 all the hall hecould,with a running mar.h to relcue Si luccour the City : but hejiingby the way 
 that it was forced r.nd gone, '•• Ah,l fee welljqd.he the Romans aho are not without their yi:tni- 
 " ha!. In good faith, io was Tartnttsm won, and fo loH ag^in, by treachery and treafon. But be- 
 " caule he would not be thought to turnback & flie, in the very lame place where he made (lay,he 
 
 ^ fat down, and encamped aimoit five miles from the City: and after he had abode there fomelciv 
 daies> heretired himleifto Metaponrum. From thence he fuborned two Metapontins, and fcnt 
 /them to t'ttl'Mss ac 7 .7rj?**r.'??i,with letters de\ ifed from certain principal men ot that City, wherein 
 .they promifed to betray A/ct.-po^jfum and thePuni^k garrifoninto theConful hishancfs, jipon 
 aflurance made unto them, that all former treipalVes & offences ftiould be "rbrgiven andfofet:«cr . 
 faiir.s fuppoling all was truth and pl3in-dealing,appointcd a certain day when he would c'ohieio 
 M(tdpom:m>,ir\d lent his letter-, aho to ihofe priniipal citizcns,which letters were brought unto 
 jinniheilct whereat he was right glad end took great comectment that his fraud fped fo wc!!,add 
 that fa^iiisnio might be entrapped caught, and overtaken by his wily fetches as well as othefi: 
 and thereupon laid an .imbufh for him in the way not far froni MftApomnm. As Fabitit (before He 
 
 Pj fhould go out of TurcfjiHw) attended to know what the bkds fignifiedj bcohfervcdonce 6t 
 twice that they approved not his journey. And when he killed a faci'ifice, thereby to know the 
 will of the Gods,ihe Soothfayer, or bowe'i-prier gave him warning, to take heed of the deceit bf 
 his enemies, and beware of wait-laying. The Metapontins, feeing that became not at the day ac- 
 pointed, were fent again to haften him forward and to encourage him to come:who were a!! fud- 
 ■idainly at once apprehended, and for tear of farther torcuredifclofedthe praflife of the ambuili. 
 
 In the beginning of that fummer wherein thele occurrcnts hapned, afterthat Supis had bc- 
 fiowed the whole winter, in winning and reconciling the hearts of the barbarous people, p -.rtly, 
 with.gifcs and rewards, and partly with enlarging and fendi^ig back their hoHages-and the prifo- 
 ners ; there came unto him one Edefco^i noble and fam.ous Captain of the Spaniards. His w ife and 
 
 _ children W£re in cuijlody with the Romans: but befides that occafion which brought him to 
 
 ^ 5(r/p/<?,there was another caxjfe. everta general inclination of all theirmicds,that chanced I wet 
 not hoW)>(rfhith withdrew and cHrapged whole Sp^in from the Carthaginian Empire, unto the 
 Roman. The fame kMvd moved Indbiiii alfo and SU^idor/ifis-, thegreateft LL. and Princes no 
 doubt ofalli)'-w«, to leave Jfd*HbaLf and with all the power they could make of their followers 
 and vafl"als,;to depart into the mountains ftanding jufl Over bis camp, from whence they might 
 from hill to hiii continually retire themfelvesin (atety 16 the Romans. ^/^mW perceiving die 
 puiflancedf his enemies CO grow and Increafe (fill more and more by little and little,and.his own 
 to diminifh ; and fore- feeing, that unlefs he made fome hardy adventure and prevailed that way, 
 all would be naught and fall to the gronnd,as ic was beginning already to reel, determined to put 
 
 ^ ittoabaitail withahlpeedpofliblc. ^op.-o alfo was Hiarpfet, and the more defirous pf fight as 
 well for the good hope> which the fncccfs of his former affairs confirmed and encrcafed ' as alfo 
 becaufe, before the artnks of his eneitiiesflaould joyn togeth^r,he was more willing to fight with 
 one General ard one afmy than with all them joyntly at once: and yet he had well amended and 
 encteafed his forces politickly otpurpofe, againft the worft, in caie he fhould be driven to fight 
 with many oi them together. For, feeing there was no iTl'cof fliip'^.becaule allthe Rivets and Seas 
 along Sp/u>, >vcre deered of the Carthaginian navy, he withdrew his fleet up into the h-arbor 
 at Ttiruco.':<.ind joyned his Sea-fervitors to his Land-fonldiets. For Armour He had ftore en';ugh, 
 which rtfi^ either taken i n the pillage of Cartha^t'^or newly made a fter the winnin.-; of the Town, 
 .by fo m«nv Arciiiccrs and Crafcfmenthat he kept there hard and dofe at work. With thispow- 
 
 ^ ci,-Scffn in the beginning of fpring departed from Trracon (fornowbytliistime was L-eAwrre- 
 
 turoedifromi^^'jwf, without whofe company hewasnot willing to encerprife any fervice of great 
 
 mooneiit lahdimportance) and led forward igainftthe enemies. K^: he journeyed pfeaceably all 
 
 oveMheKJonnrry, and paffed through the territories and confines of every City and State his Al- 
 
 .lic^WAtciroady 00 entertain and accontpany him. I»dib:li^ 3l(o -(nd NWi/o;;;.'^; among the reft, 
 
 rtiykla(»Uj4ic)r power met him. Then Frrdtbdism thenameofthembbth,fpake,notKkealbtti(h 
 
 ibarbwliofobliltily & JncotL>deratlv;bBt raxhct wirh a modelt kind of gravity;more like onethat 
 
 ' 1 ,. Y y i .excuied
 
 5 18 The [even and tn^entietb Boo\ ofT. Livius. 
 
 excufed his revolt and running from the adverfe part upon conftreint and nccefliiy, than made H 
 boaft of catclnijg and embracing the vantage thereof upon thefirtt opportunity prefented. " 1 
 *' knowful well (quoth he) that the very name of a fugitive revolt, as it is odious and detelhble 
 " to old Allies, fo it is fufpicious to new. And I cannot greatly blame the manner of men in fo 
 *' doing, in cafe it be not the bare name,but the double dealing that caufeth the hatred. Then he 
 " reckned up his own good turnsanddeferts done unto the Carthaginians on the one fide: and 
 " recounted their covetoulhefs and pride on the other fide,together with their injurious dealings 
 " with himfelf and his people. And therefore, quoth he, this body of mine only hath converfcd 
 ** among them until this day, but my heart and afFe«ftion hath long lince been with them, where 
 *' I believe verily, that right, juUice and religion is regarded and maintained ; for even fo do we 
 " flie as fuppliants in humble manner to the Gods alio, when we can no longer endure the vio- 1 
 "lencear.d vvrongful outrages ofmen:Befeeching5ap/'o this one thing withal,that this his ftar- 
 " tino from the enemy , and ranging with him, he would neither blame ind condemn prefently as 
 *' a iranforeflioninor honor and commend as a good delVrt of his: but as he fhould find both him 
 " and the rett , by good poof from that day forward, even ff»to make reckoning of them accor- 
 *< dingly, and not otherwife. Sfi/i/o made anfyyer again, Thatin truth he would fo do: neither 
 would he take them for fugitives and runawayes,who judged that they were not bound in cod- 
 fcience to maintain the fociety and alliance with them as good and lawful.who made no count it 
 all to obferve inviolable, any promife or duty to God or man. Then were their two wives and 
 children brought forth into their fight, and delivered unto them, whom they received, andflied 
 tears abundantly for joy,and fo for that day they were had to their lodgings. The morrow after, ^ 
 faith was plight andcontrafted between them, and the lame confirmed by covenant ; and they 
 were difmifled to bring their forces, and to fhcw them before him : andioihey qoattered and 
 lodged in the lame camp with the Romans, until by their guidance and direction they came unto 
 the enemy. The arfny of the Carthaginians next onto them was under the conduct of u^fdrubaly 
 neerunto the City ^<«:«//?. Before his camp, he kept certain handing guards of horfemen. Upon 
 them the light armed forlorn hope of archers and darters of the Roman holt which went befoie 
 thebattailtoskircnifih. likewife they of the forefront and vanguard, charged forcibly with their 
 fhotjyet fo contemptuoufly,and in fcornful wile,even prefently upon their travail in journey , and 
 before they had chofen a peece of ground to encamp in, that it was foon lecn what heart there 
 was in both parts. For,the Cavalry of the enemies fearfully fled, and were dri\ en into the camp : £ 
 but the Romans advanced with banners difplaicd,hard to the very gates: and fo for that day their 
 flomacks were only up and provoked to a fight, and then the Romans pitched their tents. Aj- 
 «ir»^^/inthe night retired his army to a mount which in thetop had a broad plain. Behind this 
 hill there ran a river the fore-front thereof,and the fides all about the skirts werecompafled as k 
 were with a Ifeep bank If anding plumb upright.lhere lay under this hill top another plain lower 
 than the other- which alio was enclofed round about with the like bank, as difficult for afcent as 
 the former. The next day AjdrHbal, after he faw the enemies ff anding arranged before their 
 cai^ip, feni down his Nomidian-horfemen, the light armed llanders alfo of the Balearsand like- 
 wife the Africans. " Then Scifis rode about all the regiments, enfigns, and ranks of his army, 
 *' marfhalled as tbey (tood inbatiail wife,and {hewed unto them their enemies, how theyde-»j 
 *« fpaired afore-hand to fight on equal and even ground ,how they taking the vantage of the hills, 
 *' braved and fhewed themfelveSjprcfuming and trufling upon the place^and not upon their own 
 *' valour and firength of arms, Howbeit (quoth he) Carthage had higher walls, and yet the Ro- 
 *'man fouldiers were able to fcale and get over : neither Hills nor Caftle, no, nor the very Sea, 
 ** flood in their way then, nor flopped them of their entry. And as for thefe high places which 
 " the enemies are polfeffed of, they haply mav fcrve their turns well, when they fhall take their 
 *-' flight,and leap from off the fteep banks,ana run down-hill apace,and fo get away. But I trow, 
 "Iftiall debar them there,and lay a block in their way on every fide. WhereuDon he comman- 
 ded two fquadrons,the onetokeeptheftreightsofthe valley, through which tne river runneth : 
 the other to befet the paffage that leadeth from the City into the fields,and croffeth overth wart N 
 the hill fide abovefaid. Himfelf led the light appointed vantcurriers, who theday before had dif- 
 comfited the guards and wards of the enemies, to affront the light armed fouldiers, that were 
 quartered in the netber brow of the hill. And firft they pafTed through the roughs, and were not 
 impeached nor hindredotherwife than by the difficult paffages. But afterward, when they were 
 come within fhor,at the very firft-they were welcomed with a mighty volley of all fortSjpouring 
 (as it were^ like hail upon them. Himfelf anfwcred them agaiojand recharged upon them,letting 
 drive and difcharging the flones which lay ftrewed all over the ground, and were fuch in manner 
 all, as might be welded and flung from them with eafe. And not only the fouldiers, but lackies 
 and horfe-boyes , & fuch as followed the camp ,were interminded amongft the armed companies. 
 And albeit the afcent up the hill was hard, and they were pelted and almoft overwhelmed with q 
 darts and ftones,yet beingfo inured as they were to clime walsiandrefolute withal,they mounted 
 up firft to the top: andlo foon as they had got fome even ground, where they might have furc 
 footing,they found the enemy, (who was li^ht and nimble,and able to run to and fro,and to fave 
 himfelf, and fhift well when he was far off,all the time that they skirmifhed aloof^and plaid upon 
 one another with light fhct^ now that they came to dofc fight, and to band-ftrokes, not able to 
 -ftaad hisgrouad: and fo they drave him from hi; place, and with great {laughter chafed him and 
 
 fet
 
 The /even and twentieth Boo\ofT, Livi us. 5 1 o 
 
 A fct him back to the very battel, that flood upon the higher hill. Then Scifio having given com 
 mandment to thefe, forto follow on the train of their viftoty, and to enternp (Hli upon themain 
 bactcl ofthe enemies, parted the re(t of his forces, together with /.W/w/jWilling him tocoaltalonc 
 and wheel about on the right hand of the mount, until he found feme way ofealierafcenthim- 
 felf" on the left hand fetched no long circuit and compafs, until he came crofs overthwart the flank 
 of the enemies. Hereupon firll began their battel to be difordcrcd> whiles they were dedrous to 
 turn theirwings, and to oppofe their ranks and fquadrons againrt the noifes and lliouts whicli 
 rang every where about them. In this tumultuous trouble, Ldms alfo was got rp ; and while the 
 enemies drew backward and gave ground, becaufe they would not be charged behind on their 
 back,the vanguard of their pjrt was difplayed and lay open: and fo'thc Romans even of themid- 
 B die battel alfo, had a lane and fpacicus room to get up nnd enter rpontbem : wht> never had 
 been able to have gained the ground, and won the plain above, (conhdering the diridvama^e 
 oftherteepbank)fo long as the ranks had flood unbroken, and the Elephants were oppofed a- 
 gainfl them before the Enligns, in the forefront. Down went the enemies now on e\ ery f,de, and 
 were pitcoufiy killed: and ScipLo, who with his left wingen ountredthe ri?ht, charged and plaid 
 efpecially upon the naked fides of the enemies. And fo by this means they had no way left them 
 to flic and efcape clear. For the Roman guards on both hands, aswellonthe left as the right, 
 hadbefet all thepalTages. And as for the gate of the camp the General himfelf, and the other 
 Captains and officers of the Camp, had taken it up as they fled that way: bel'.des thecomber- 
 fome trouble of the Elephants, whom being now affrighted, they feared no lefs then their ene- 
 
 C mies. So there died of them 8000. yjfdrsd'ni, who before theconflidt had made fure work with 
 all the money, and taken it with him, fent the Elephants before, and having rallied as many as he 
 could, of them that fled and efcaped out of the camp, he made hafte along the river T-igus, to- 
 ward the mountain Pyrer.Ms. 5r/p.'(7 being now mailer of the enemies camp; after he had given to 
 ihefbuldiers all the pillage and fpoil,but only the prilbners,fnchas weretreemen: when he came 
 totake the number of thecaptives, found they v\ere ten thoufandfoottncn, and two thoufaiid 
 borle. Of which number, as many as were Spaniards he fet at liberty and fent them home with- 
 out ranfom. But as for all the Africans, he commanded the Treafurer to make money of them. 
 Then the whole multitude of the Spaniards, as well thole that before had yeelded themlelves, as 
 they that were taken prifoners the day before, (aluted him with great confent ?.nd general voice, 
 
 D by the name and title of King. Whereupon 5«^/o, after filence made by the crier,raicl," That he 
 
 " took the name of * L. General or Commander, to be the greatcft of all other names,by,vvhich * WJ?''^Cfi 
 *' his own louldiers ufed to call him. As for the title of King, howfoever in other places it was 
 *' great and honorablCjat Rome furely,ic was odious and intollerable. For his own part,the mind 
 *' indeedhecariedofaKing, and iftheydtemedittobethe highefl honour that can fall to the 
 •'nature ofman, let them judge fo in their own hearts lecretly, andpleafethemfelves withthac 
 *' flile : only he wiflied them to forbear the word and term thereof. Thefe very Spaniards,as bar- 
 barous as they were perceived by this fpeech how haughty and magnanimous he vvas^who in the 
 heightof fpirit contemned that as a bafe thing, whereat in admiration only of the very title, all 
 mortal men belides are amazed and aflonied. After all this, he bellowed upon the Princes and 
 
 ^ great Potentais of the Spaniards, fundry gifts. And of the horres,whereofhe had taken in thefjeld 
 and camp great flore, he gave IniibdU the choife of three hundred where he would. When the 
 treaturer was felling the Atfricans, accordmg to the General his commandmcnt,he hapned upon 
 a young ipringal and flripling,of rare and lingular beauty : and hearing that he was of royal bloud, 
 be fenc him to Sctfio. And when Scipio demanded of him who he was, and what countjy-man, 
 and wherefore at thole years he was in camp among rude lbuld;ers; "' I am (faith he) a Numidiao" 
 *' born,('and with that his eyes flood full of water) and in my country they call me Maffiva3tw^ 
 " left and orphan and f.!therlels,I was brought up with my grand-father by the mother fide,(7<i/>« 
 " theKingoftbeNumidians.And with my uncle by the mother.iW/?p;;//^rf who was lately come! 
 *' with a power of horlemen to aid the Carthaginians,it\vas my hap to fail over into SfAin. And 
 
 F "never to this day,havc Ibeeninany batteliby reafon that /^.i//»//.j would not in regard of my 
 '' tender age, fuffer me in any hand to go to the wars. Howbeit that very day when the battait 
 " was fought with the Romans, unwares to my faid uncle, I lecretly got an horfe under me, and 
 ♦' armour upon my back , and went forth into the field ; where my horfe chanced to fall, and ca(t 
 *'me down headlong on the ground: and fo it was my fortune to be taken by the Romans. 5c/p/« 
 gave order that this Numidian youth lliould be kept fafe, and fo proceeded to finifli matters thac 
 were brought before him,as he fat upon theTribunalinmarllialcourt.^ndaiterhe was comeback 
 from thence into his royal pavilion, he called the party again before him, and asked hini, whethec 
 he were willing to return again to Mafa-uffa, Whereat the tears gofning out of his eyes for joy, 
 yea,full fain (qd. he) and with all my heart. Then after he had given the young gentleman a ring 
 
 ^ of gold,a coat embroidered with purple ftud-wife,with a Spanilli fouldiers cape a golden clafp oc 
 button. & a brave courfer,with all the furniture Zc caparifon thereto belonging he fent him away, 
 and commanded certain horfmen to fafe-cooduft and accompany him,fo far as he would himfelf. 
 Then Sajiio fell to confult about the war. Some there were that advifed him,prefently to purluc 
 jifdrubj: but he fuppofingthat to be a dangerous courfe,for fear lefl Mago and the other y^fdrn" 
 i/M fliouldjoyn their forces to his, he lent only a good guard to keep thepaffage of the hill P/«« 
 ntM, and imploied the reft of the fumma;, in receiving homaoe and fealty of other States of Sp<i;«<, 
 
 Yy 3 WithiO
 
 <20 Tbefeven andmentietb BooJ{p fT.Liwms. 
 
 within few dayes after the battel at Bcetttla-, whefi as Scipio in his return to Taracon, was gone H 
 paftthechafeorforrett ofC^y?«/9: yifdrHbalihcioaofCifgoindMagOf the two Generals, arri- 
 ved out of the farther province of 5;)^»» unto ^/<ir«^^/ the fon of yi/»;/(r»jr. But they catiieaday 
 after the fair, and too late to help an overthrow part already: yet in very good time, to give 
 counfel tcr the managing and executing of the war behind. There,a$ they conferred together,con- 
 cerning the difpofition of the Spaniard, and how they {food aftedled in the countries of each pro- 
 vince, only J fdrtdul the fon oiGtfgo was of opinion,and perfwaded. That the ntmoft traft and 
 coali of5p/«, v\hichlieth upon the Ocean and (j*i^«, was hitherto unacquainted withtheRo- 
 mans, and therefore fafi enough and fure to the Carthaginians. But the other yifdrhbdaad Ma- 
 go^ were of another mind, and agreed in this. That Scifio with his favours and benefits had poflef- ^ 
 fed the afleftions and hearcs of all men already, both in general, and alfo in particular, and that 
 there would never be an end of Aiding from them, and Tiding to the Romans, before that all the 
 Spanifhlouldiers were either removed into the fartheft parts of 5/).^i«, orconveighed over into 
 prance. hnd therefore albeit the Senat of the Carthaginians had not granted out any luch aft and 
 commilTion, yet there was no remedy, but that A[drub(ilTRn[\ go over into /r^/^, where Anmha.1 
 was the head of the war,andinw horn lay the main chance of all..' by which means alfo he mighc 
 withdraw out of 5/)^i» all the Spaniards, far enough from the naming and hearing o\ Scifio. For 
 ji^druhd his army, as well by daily falling away and revolting to Scifio^ as alfo by the late defeat 
 muchempaired, was to be replenilLed again with new fouldiers. Moreover, that AATg-ofhould 
 deliver his army to ^'Z'^''"^''- 'he fon of 6' ;/^o, and himfelt in perfon crofs over into the ^4/f<er K 
 Iflands, with a great fum of money , to wage new aids and fu>:coursfrom thence. And that Jjdru- 
 halthelono'iGifgOy with his army fhould retire farther up into Portuxalt and not encounterth-e 
 Romans at all in any hand. And that out of ah the Cavalry there fhould be chofen out the very 
 flower and Hrength, to thefull number ofjoco.for Maja^iff'a.^zud that he fhould range and o- 
 verrun all the hither Province oiSpM>tj partly to heip the diftrcfied Allies? and partly to fpoil the 
 enemies towns, and forrage their lands. After thele orders and direftions fet down, the Generals 
 departed al'under to theexecution of chefe determined delignments. Thus yefee what were the 
 affairs and occurrences oiSp lin for that year. 
 
 At Rome the. fame oiScipw grew greater every day then other. Fabius for the winning oiTaren- 
 /ww-albeithegat it rather by craft and policy, thenbytbrce and vertue, was glorious therefore. %, 
 The name oiF nlvnu began to age and deciy.MarceUtis grew ah'o into an ill name and fome oblo- 
 quy, both for that at firft he had a foil,and aUb bccaufe he lurtered Annibd to range over Italy ac 
 his pleafure, and himfelfat mid-fummer had retired bis fouldiers to Vennfia to take up there (as 
 it were) their v\ inter quarters. He had a fore adverfary in the City,one C. fublius Bibnlu;.^ Tribun 
 ofthe Commons: who from the very firR time, of thafdifcosnfiture, with continual fpeeches and 
 Orations brought C/^»<i;«/ into hatred and infamy with the common people, and now was in 
 hand with them to deprive him of hisgo.vernment. Howbeit,the friends and kinsfolk o^Claudhts 
 obtained thus much, That Marcelluskx\\t)^ his Lieutenant at Vemifia- lliould repair to Rome for 
 to make bis purgation, and acquit himleif of iui.h crimes as his adverfaries objedfed and laid a- 
 gainfthim: and that during his abfent.e, they friould pot treat nor debate about his deprivation. v| 
 
 It hapned much about one time, that t:oth M.ircejlns came to Rome (to meet with the fhame- 
 fulflander that ran on him, and to fave his honour^ and alio jQ^ Fftlvmstht Conful, aboutthe 
 new election for the year following. 1 he quelf ion touching the government o(Marcell»s, was de- 
 bated and handled in the lids or Circus^ called FLimi/tiusVAnd a grcu affembly there W3S,and much 
 concourfe of the Commons,and of people of all degrees and calling. The Tribun accufed not Mar- 
 C/?y/0j only, but all the nobility : by whofe fraudulent praftife^and by whofe cold and delayful pro- 
 ceedings, it was come to pafs, that A»>nhal now thefe ten years had remained in Italy ('as it were) 
 in his province continually,wherehehadhad led a greater part ofhis life, then at Carthage'in his 
 tiative country. And now (quoth he j the peop'e of i^owrtaHe the truit, proceeding of proroguing 
 and continuing of government Hill in orje perfon. For fee what is come ot it ; Marcellus his ar- xj 
 my hath been twice defeated and fallen upon the enemies fword, and now, forfooth, ishoufed 
 mVentifnt^oz fun burning. But Marcellus fo confuted this accufatory fpeech ofthe Tribun, by re- 
 counting his own worthy noble afts ; that not only the Bill preferred for the depohng him ouc 
 & his room, was difannulled, and the neck of it broken, but alfo the next day after, all the Cen- 
 turies with one general voice created him Conful. There was joined with himcompanion in go- 
 vernment r.^;/»t/V//0//^/««/, who then was Pretor. The morrow after were the Pretorscho- 
 fen, to wit. P. Lici»ius Crsfus Dives, who was atthat time the Arch-biftiop, P. Licinius Varfts, 
 Sex, Ihliu I Ctfar, and Q^ Ci'W.diHS Flames. 
 
 During the time of this folemn Parliament or Seffion for the eleftion o^" Mngiftratess the Ci- 
 ty was much di quieted for the revolt oiHetruria : C. Calpumius who ruled th»t province as Pro- q 
 pretor. had by his letters given notice.that the beginning therof arofe from the Aretins:andther- 
 fore immediatly M, Marcellus the Conful eleft, was thither fent with commiflion to look into 
 the matter, and (if he thought it requilitej to fend for his forces, and to tranflate the war out of 
 Apttliainto Tnfcatiy. For fear whereof the Tufcans puld m their heads, aid were quier. 
 
 The TarentineEmbafladors made fuit for peace, and that together with their freedom they 
 
 might enjoy • heir own laws. And this anfwer was returned by the Senat, That they fhould come 
 
 again when Fdifim the Conlnl was rewrned to Eemg, The Roman Games, and alfo the playes 
 
 ( called
 
 Thefeleen and meniieih Boo{ofT, Livius, 521 
 
 ^ called /"/^i^/jWereexhibitedthatyearjaddrenuedonedayapeece more then ordinary.The^diles 
 of the chair \yztc.L.Cor«elius C'tudinas, and Servitius Sttlptms Galba : btt t'lofe of the Commons 
 were C. Servilmsi and O. CectUus MeteUns. As for ServiUus^ it was denied, that he had been Tri- 
 bun of the Commons betore^ ornow iEdile by right and ordei of law, bet-aufe it was now for 
 certain known, tnai his faiher (of whom the opinion went currant for ten years that he was flain ni7ht°b"^T '.' 
 by the Boians about Afntina,^^ what time as he was Triumvir for the divihon of lands ) was now ^unot &<ii\p 
 Jiving, and in the hands ot the enemies in flavery and bondage. whofe Fathet ' 
 
 In the eleventh year of the Punick war, -/W.il/./rfif/e«/ entred his confulfliip the fifth time (I'o wasl'ving, 
 you reckon upon that Confulfliip which he never bare through, becaufe there wns anerrorcom- 
 £ mitted in his creation) and with him T. QuinthssCrifptntis. 1 o both Confuis the Province o\ Ita- 
 ly was alligned, and both armies of the Confnls the termer year. There was a third army then at 
 Ve^utf^a^v^\^ctto^ M , iW^rcf //«^ had the condud>. Ofthefe three, they weretochuie two, which 
 they would ; and the third remaining, was to becommitted unto him, whovvasby lot to have 
 thegovernment of fareHtum^ind the Salentins. The red of the Provin'.es were thus divided a- 
 mongli chePretors. P.bicif.msFarus hadthe jurifdidion civiUand P.Lwi/urs Cr^pfs (ihen Po»-' 
 tifex ilf .).v.;thac of the forraigners, and to go whither foever the Senat fiionld chink good to fend 
 him. Unto Sex. JuliasC^f^ir befell 5/cz/;', and to Q^.CLzudius FJ.^men the City of Tarcy:tMm.Q^.Fnl~ 
 viush'LiccHs had his commiirion renewed, to continue in government for one year longer: and he 
 was appointed to govern t afua which had been the charge ofT.Qmntitis the Pretor-and to have 
 Q under his hand the command ofone legion. Likewife C. //o/?///>/j T/zZ-w/^/ remained (lili in office^ 
 andthatasPro-pretor he fhould fucceed C. Calparniusy and have the conduil: of two legions. 
 Mo\eovei:^L.yttnriu4 Philo h.id his authority ?; government confirmed to him anewjthat asPro- 
 pretor he fhould fit Lord Deputy in the fame province ofF>-/?«rc,and have the fame two legions as 
 before, when he was Pretor there. The like decree that was granted for L. Vctunus-, pilled alfo 
 intheSenat forC. Anruyieuleins,!iT]d a bill was propounded unto the pcoplefor the proroguing 
 and continnan.e of his ofHce, who as Ptetor ruled the Province of i'.<rti<,v.'V? with the llrength 
 of two Legions. And for the defence and guard of the faid Province he had an addition offifty 
 fhipsofwar, which.P. iV//;£7 had fent outof5f<i;>. P, 5r;;);o like wife and M.Syllams^ held flill, 
 by vertue of a decree,their provinces o{Spain-)3nd commanded the fame armies for one year lon- 
 rj ger. As for 5r/;>fo, he had direftion to fend over into 5'<i/-^/wVr fifty fliips, out of thofe eighty 
 which he had under his hand, either taken with him out oi Ita!yot wonfromtheenemy atT^jr- 
 f/x*^ c ,becaufe there ran a rumor, that there was great preparation at Carth.^jre for a navy that year, 
 and that the Carthaginians would take up, and fill all the fea coaft of /f .1/;, Sici/y and Sardhiiay 
 with an Armado oftwo hundred fail. In 5/c//;' the government was divided in this manner,5c.v- 
 tHS Caf.ir had the leading of the Cannian army : Adyaleritts Levi>;iis({oi his government alfo was 
 confirmedfora year longer) the charge of that fleet offeventyfliips,which rid aboutSicily. with 
 commiflion to add therto,thofe thirty fhips which the former year lay before Tarcntum'.And with. 
 this ArmadoconfilUngof one hundred fail? to put over into ^/r/ci^, it he thought fo good, and 
 there to forrage and fetch booties. Over andbefides, P.S«/p/r'>« was for one year longer to 
 E continue in office, and to govern the provinces oi A'facedofjj znd Greece, vj'nh the force of the faid 
 Navy which he had before. As touching the two legions which remained about the City o^ Ka/ftcy 
 there was no alteration.Only the Confuls were permitted to levy and enrol a new fupply-a.'; need 
 fhould require. ThustheEmpireandStateof/Jowe for that year was maintained with the power 
 of 21. legions. P. Liciniui f^rwj-the Pretor of the City, was charged to repair thofe thirty old 
 fhips, which lay at Hoftuj and to furnifh twenty new built, with failers and marriners, that with 
 this Armado of fifty fail he might be able to defend all the fea coad neer unto the City of Rome, 
 C. Calpftrnim was forbidden to remove his forces from j^rretium, before a fucceflbr came in his 
 place. The fame order was given to yw/:;//;*/, and to have efpecially a vigilant eye, that no com- 
 motion arofe from thence. And then the Pretors went into their proi in.es. 
 f As for the Confuls they were troubled inmind and made fome Urnpleof conference to go to 
 their provinces, upon the report of fome prodigious and ominous fgn?, and becaufe alfo intheic 
 facrifices they found not the gods fo propitious and favourable unto them. For out of Canipa- 
 fiia news came, that in C-^p^--! two Temp!eS:to wit,off orf««f and Mars.^nd alfo fome Tombs and 
 Sepulchers, were fmitten with lightning: andbefides (fee how vain and prepOi.erousfi'perRiti- 
 on,impHteth even the leaft critBing things to the hand of God) that ccrt.:in Mice, torfnoth,ina 
 Chappel oi Jupiter gnawed the gold. Alfo that in Cafimm, & great fwarm ot Sees fettled in the 
 Very market place.Moreover, that the Wall and one oftheGates at Hr/i^wasblaned andllricken 
 with lightning. That in Cicrt, a Gripe fled into the Church 0^ Jupiter. That at Volfn^H., there was 
 a Pool flowed with blood. Jn regard ofthefeflrange and wondrous tokens tfere was a devouc 
 Q fupplication for one day. And for terrain dtys together, greater hearts were killed for facrifices, 
 without any good token: and for a long time the grace and favour of the gods could rot be ob- 
 tained. But yet the fortune of the Common-weal flood flill upright, and aii this anger and mif- 
 chiet portended by thofe wonders-, lig?^t upon the head of the Confuls alone, and t'xir deatii ex- 
 cufed all the reft. The Playes called /IpoUinares-, in the year of Q^. F-Jvins and .-^p. CL.d. Confuls, 
 hadbeenby P.Crt'->,f/.5«Yrf PretoroFtheCity.firftexhibited: after whom all the Praors evec 
 after did the like. L jt they vowed thern a year before, and performed '.f 'm on a day uncertain. 
 
 The fame year hapned a grievous plague both in the Cicy and in the Countries about, which 
 
 yet
 
 ^ iz Tbefeten and mentkth Boo^o/T.Livius. 
 
 yet in the end turn«d rather to long and chronickdifcaCiSjthen to fliarp and deadly maladies.FotH 
 this peftilence there was not only lolensn going in procelfion, in all the high greets, carretburs, 
 and crofs ways throughout the City : but alfo P. Ltcinius Varm Pretor of the City, was com- 
 manded to propound unto the peoplc,that the Playes abovefaid fhould be vowed tor ever againft 
 a lee and deterniinat day. Hiaarelf therefore was.the firlt that vowed them;and exhibited them up- 
 on the * third day before the Nones of Julji and the fame day ever after was obferved and kept 
 »jd»yof;«/y. jjoiiday for that pnrpofe. 
 
 As the rumor of the Arctins revolt cncreafed dayly greater, fo the LL. of the Senat were care- 
 ful about it every day more then other.Letters therefore werefenc untoC.//oy?'//«^,chat he fliould 
 ■without delay take pledges of the Arentines : and C. Tertntms Varro was fent with commilTion, 
 to receive the faid bo[f ages at his hands, and to bring them to iJ»wf. He was no fooncr come , I 
 bot i/.3y?/A«^prerently commanded chat one legion, which lay in camp before the town, lliould 
 enter the City with banner difplayed, and there he put fufticient guards in places convenienr. 
 Then having called and fummoned the Senators to appear in the market place, he demanded of 
 them holl ages. And when the Senacrequefted but two days refpic to conlider of the matter, be 
 made proclamation, that either they (hould deliver them prefently , or elfe the rest day he would 
 feize upon all the Senators children every one. Then he commanded the Colonels, the Captains 
 of the Allies, and the Centurions, to ward the Gates, that none might go forth of the City by 
 night. But this was Hackly and negligently executed, for feven principal Senators, before the 
 warders were fet acthegates, efcaped forth with their children before night. The morrow mor- 
 ning by break of day, when the Senat began to be cited into the Common Hall, ttiele parties were S - 
 milled, and their goods confifcat, and fold in port-fale. Of the reft ot the Senators, their children 
 were taken hofiages to thenumber of 1 2c. and were delivered to C. Tere>itinsJoi to beconveigh- 
 cd loRome : who when he was come into the Senat, madefuch relation of the matter, chat the 
 fuipition of their revolt wasmuch more pregnant then before. And therefore, asiffomc infurre- 
 ^\ion had like prefencly to grow from Tufc^ny-, C. Terentius himfelf was commanded to conduit 
 one of the two legions about thcCicy of J?o)we,unto Aretitin:,^nd there to lie ir< garrifon with it 
 for CO keep the town in order. And it was thought meet that C. HolfUnts with the army befides, 
 fliou'.d furvey and vifit the whole Province, and to be careful and circumfpeiSf, that no occafion 
 nor opportunity might be given unto them, that were minded to feek alteration and to rebel. C. 
 Teret-.titti fo foon as he was come to Aretium with the legion, when he called unto the Magi- J, 
 flrates for the keys of the gates, and they made anfwer that they were but mifcaftafideand 
 could not be found ; fuppofing that they were rather cauteloufly laid out ofthe way forihe 
 nonce, than loft by negligence, caufedother keyes and locks to be madc-.and fee upon every gate : 
 and took as great heed and care as he could,to have all under his own hand.He gave efpecial war- 
 ning alfo to i/(?/?//;«j as touching ttieTufcans, and cold him, thathefliould never hope to reft in 
 fecurity, that they would not rebel, unlefs he took order with chem aforehand, that they poflibiy 
 could not rebel. 
 
 After this,there was much debate and contention in the Senat about the Tarcniins,even before 
 Fabius, whiles himfelf excu fed and defended them whom he had conquered and lubdued by force 
 and arms ; but others were mightily offended with them,yea,and moftof them gave out plainly, j,,^ 
 that they were full as faulty as the Campans, and defervedno lefs punifliment.And fo there was 
 anaft ofthe Senat granted according to the opinion and advice of jl/. AciniHS, that the towa 
 (liould beheld with a garrifon, and all theTaremins kept from ftirring out of the City: and thac 
 the matter fhould further be debated and decided afrelb another time, when the ftate of Italy 
 flood in better rearms ofpeace and quietnefs. And the likecontention and variance was among 
 the LL, ofthe Senat touching M. Ltvius Conftable and Captain of the Caftle oiTarentum whiles 
 fome were of mind to condemn him as in great fault, becaufe through his carelefnefs and flotb, 
 'Ta-entum the City was betrayed to the enemy : others again awarded him good conf.deration 
 and reward, for that he kept the fort fo well by the fpace of five years, and by his means elpeti al- 
 ly and by none elfe T^rf^ww* was recovered. But fome were of opinion berweenthefe and faid,i^ 
 that the difcufTing and determination of that matter pertained properly to the Cenfors and not to 
 the Senat: of which judgemetx F<i^/«^ alfo himfelfwas. And this moreover he faid withal,thathe 
 muft needs confcfs, that true it was, which Lmw/his friends in the Senat Rood fo much upon, 
 and iterared fo often, namely, that he was the only means thac Tareynum was recovered ; for ia 
 good faith, quoth he, it never could have been regained if it had not once been loft before. 
 
 T.QnintiHS Criffimisonz of the Confuls, went to the army which QSuhius F/accur had ,witb 
 a new lupply into the Lucans country. But Marceltus AiW was ftaidbehmd,upon occafion of new 
 fcruplesofconfcienccjand fundryobjefls that troubled his mind, and kept a hammering in his 
 head one after another. Amongft which, this was one, thathaving vowed in the Gauls vyar at 
 Chfltdinm, a Temple to Wow-and P^ertue : the dedication ofthe laid Church was hindred by the q 
 Biiliops, who fiid, that one CHappel,by right and according to their ceremonies, ferved but for 
 one SaitK, and could not be coniecrated unto more. For in cafe it flnould be blafted and fmitcen 
 by fire irom heaven, or otherwife fome prodigious token hap therein, hardly could the right ex- 
 piation and purging thereof be performed, becanfe it might not be known, to which ofthefaincs 
 or gods the facrifice fhould be done; forby order one facrifice ccii'd not ferve twain, unlefs - 
 •htf e were fooie particular and efpecial gods named. So there was fain to hi another Cbappe) 
 
 buiie.
 
 Thefeven and mentietb Boo{of T. Li vius. 523 
 
 A builc tot yertite-- and grea: halt there was made tor the rearing thercot,aad yet it was not his for* 
 tunc ever to dedicate thofe chappels. So at length he let forward and put himlclt on his journey 
 , with a lupplyi unto the army which he had left the year betore at Venufia. 
 
 When Crifpi»M minded to alVault Locn in the country of the Bruiians, becanfe there went a 
 oteat name of Fahim tor the affailing and winning of Taremum-, he lent for ail kind of artillery 
 and enojns out ot 5/r//y, and fhips alfo were brought from thence, for to b»ner that part of the 
 City that lieth to the Sea fide. But the enterpriie went not forward, becaufe hnmbal had remo- 
 ved, with all his forces to L^ecwHw. And beiides, the new^ went that his colleague had already 
 brought out his forces from Venuftat with whom hewas delirous to joyn. And therefore he re- 
 turned out of the Brutians country into ^puUa : and fo between I^enn(ta and Brutia, the Confuls 
 encamped leverally, within three miles one from the other, A>.»i(>ai likewife was retired into 
 ^ the fame country, conlidering that the war was tuined from £-»rr;. There the Confuls (hot men 
 ofnaturebothj aimed every day led forth their men into the held, not doubting but if Anmbal 
 oncemet them(havingtwo Confular armies joyned together )co make a difpatch of tbe war once 
 for all. Arinibal becaufe the year before, he had twice affronted yl^rrW/w*; and bothgivenand 
 taken the ioil-" likeashehadgr^treafon, as well to fear as tohope-ifhewerc roenconnterand 
 fight with him aloTie : fo he thought verily, that he was never able to make his part good with 
 both the Confuk together. And therefore laying off his Lyons skm, he took himlelf wholly to 
 his old Foxes coat,and fought all means and opportunities to lay a train for to entrapthem.How- 
 beit there palled lome light skirmifucs between both their camps, with variety ot fortune and 
 y^ interchangeable fuccefs. By which, the Conlulsthinkingthattheyfhouid hold out and keep 
 the enemies play , during the fummer feafon, and yet nev erthelefs be able co alfault Locn wrote 
 unto L.Ci»ciM4y that neiljould take the Seis, and crofs over with his fleet out of SW/ to the 
 Ciiyoi Locri. And to the end that the Town might be likewife aflaiied from the Land fidei they 
 commanded part of the army which lay in garriion at Tare»tnm.x.o be condu(fled thither. AnttibAl 
 having intelligence afore-hand of theie things, by certain Thurins, lent forth certain of his forces 
 10 beiet the wayes from T'tremum. And there under the fide of thePetellianmount,he beftowed 
 lecretly in ambufh two thoufand horfe, and three thoufand foot. Upon whom the Romans 
 (mari hing without their elpials fent afore them^ chanced to light, and were flain to the number 
 of two thoufand » and upon twelve hundred taken alive : the reft were fcattered and fled 6vct 
 the fields and forrefts back to T.tremum. Now there was a litde hill between both the camps of 
 ^ the Carthaginians and Romans, and the fame all overgrown with wood, which atfirit waspof- 
 feffed and kept, neither by one nor other: becaufe tbe Romans knew not the fituation of that' 
 iidewhiihlay toward the enemies camp : and ^«w(^<i/fuppofed verily that it was a place fitter 
 for to lay an a mbu{h,than to encamp in : and iheraforc he fent by night for that purpofe,ccttiin 
 troops of N.imidians,aDd bellowed themdofely inthemidsofthewood,and not oncofthem 
 Ilirred all the day long out ot their ftandings,fot fear kit either their armour or themfel vcs might 
 be elpied a tar off. In the Roman camp,every man generally was of mind, andlct not to fayjthat 
 the i.iid hill was to be feized and fonificd for theirufe, with a good fortrcfs built upon it, for feat 
 lelt if it were firft gained by .i.3w^<i/,they fhould have the enemy as it were over their heads rea^ 
 dy to an!)oy them. And A'farcellw hlmfelf was of the fame opinion .- whereupon. Why go not 
 , ^ we our felves in perfon (quoth he, to his colleague) with fome few horfemen, to view and con- 
 f.der the place, where our eyes (hall be our judges ; and feeing the ground once, we fliall refoivc 
 more certainly what courfeto take? CrifpinusW^td well of themotion : and fo they went forward 
 accompanied with two hundred and twenty horfemen;of which,forty were FregelUns,the reft all 
 Tulcans. There followed after them, M.Marcelltut the Conful his fon, and Aidm Ma»titts,ivio 
 Colonels : alfo L. Arennius and M. Auliut, two Captains of the allies. Some Authors have fee 
 down in writing, that Marcellns the Cof. facrificcd that day; and when the firft beatt was killed, 
 the liver was found without an head : howbeit in the fecond, all things appeared that were wont 
 to be feen. But in the head of that liver there flicwed I wot nochow, a kind of extraordinary cx- 
 P crefcence : which ttie Soothfayer had no liking to, bccaulcafter thofe inwards which fccmed bc- 
 fore (hort,UDpert"e£t,and mifliking; now thofe again were feen too well fed and overgrown. But 
 the Conful Marcelltis was fo hot and dclirous to fight with ><M«i^<j/,thathe thought himfelf ne- 
 ver encamped neer enough unto him. And even then alfo as he went forth out of the camp, he 
 gave order to his fouldiers to be ready at a fliort warning,and have their eyeupon the place; that 
 prefenily,ifhe liked the hill,for which they went to view, they fliould diflodgc,trufs up bag and 
 bag;2age and follow prefently . Now there was a little flat and plain ground before the camp,frem 
 whence the way that led unto the faid hill, was on every fide very open and evident to the eye : 
 where there laya fcoutor fpie, fet ofpurpofe to difcover any of the enemies gone far from the 
 camp.llragling and ranging abroad ,either for fewel or forage, that they might be intercepted: and 
 Q not for any hope of lb great effeft as fell our.This Fellow gave a fign unto the Numidians,ihat all at 
 once they fhould arifeout of their lurking & flarting holes. And they that from the top & ridge of 
 the hill,were to rife & fhew themfelves affront,never appeared & made head ,before that they had 
 fetacompa'.s abont.forto fhut upthe paffageat thebackof the Romans, And then from al} parts 
 they began to ftart up & with a main fhout charged &: ran upon them.The Con.now were in that 
 valley,from whence they neither could pofTibly get up to the pitch of the hill, poffcfTed aforeband 
 by the cnemy:nor had any place of fate retreat behindjfor that they were invitoned & hcBimed m
 
 «; 24 T'befeven and mentieth Boot{ ofT. Livius. 
 
 on every llde. HewbeiLihey might have maintsined skirmifti and held out a good while^t that H 
 the Tufcans began to run away.and put all the relt in a bodily fright. Yet the Fregellans/erlaken 
 as they were ot the Tiifcans, gave not over,but fought manfully, (fo long as the Confuls flood on 
 foot unhort) & receivedthe charge of the ecemiesjcncouraging their people, and fighting them- 
 felves ri^hc valiantly. But when they faw once both their Confuls wounded, and Marfiefius alfo 
 lun ibrouoh with thc'pufh of a lance; and tailing from his horfe ready to die : then they alfo (and 
 few ofthem God wot:rcmained alive). together with the Conful Crifprnus (who was wounded 
 with two javelins) and young MarceSaf, who was himfelf alfo fore hurt, fled away and efcaped. 
 There were flain in thisskii;mifhi A". Ma>}Uns a Colonel, of the two Captains of allies, M. AfJiis 
 was killed out-right^and t.hrentf.s taken priloner. As for the Liftors belonging the Confuls,fivc 
 of them then fell alive intb the hands of the enemies : the reft were put to the fword,or efcaped I 
 with the ConfuL So therfe were three and forty horfemen died either in the conflict, or in the 
 flight, and eighteen taken prilbners. In the camp there was much ado, and crying out for to go 
 and fuccour the Conlulsi when they faw one ofthem, and the otherhis fon grievoufly hurt, and 
 the poor remnant of that unfortunat^pedition coming toward the camp. The death o'tlAarcel- 
 lus was much pitied and lamented in many other refpefts,but for this efpecially : that he, a man 
 ofthatage(iorhevv3snow above threefccre years old jand who fliould have had more wit: an 
 old Captain and Leader fl fay) that fhould have had more wifedom and forecaft, fo unadvisedly 
 had brought both his colleague together with himfelf, and alfo in manner the whole common- 
 wealth into.fo defperate a danger. I fhould make much circumftance, and fetch many turns and 
 compaffes about one pointjif I would rehearfe all that writers havediverfly let down,as touching K 
 the death of M^rceA'w/. But to let all others go, L. Calms delivereth the thing three manner of 
 waies: the one by hearfay only,and a general report : the otherextant in an Oration of the praile 
 of M;«r«//»j5penned by his own fon.that was himfelf prefent at the a^don : the thirdjwhich C«- 
 //«j himfelf alledgeth upon his own knowledge, and atterdiligentenquiry into the matter. But 
 howfoevet the voice and fame varieth in feme circumftances moft ofthem jump in the occafion, 
 That he went forth ot the camp to view the place: atjd all agree ot the event,That he was entrap- 
 ped and fo flain. ^J»«/^<j/fuppofing that theenemies were mightily terrified,as well by the death 
 of the one Conful, as the hurt ot the other: becaufehewou'd take all advantage, and omit no 
 good oppbriunity offered, forthwith removeth his cam.p, atid pitcheth upon the very hill where 
 be had fought. Therehe found the corps of M^rce//**/, and cauied icto be enterred. t 
 
 Grifpi»Us affrighted bbth at the death of his companioiiiin government, and alfo at his own 
 hurt "received, diflbdoed in the de-dtiale of the night following,and in the very next mountains 
 that hecould come unto, encamped ^nd fortified himfelf upon an high ground atid furely fenced 
 on-every fide. There the two Generais o» W)th pafts,beattheir brains,and occupied all their wits 
 contrivino the one to lay trainsjandthe oihtr to avoid them. Annihal together with tliebody 
 of lAarcellttst had poteen his ring or )')^p minuai. Crifpieus fearing that Annibd might •praftife 
 feme crafty fetch, and beguile fonaebody ' y tnemeans of that fignet, fent meflengers to all the 
 Cities next ad joyning, giving them notice , thu his. brother Conful was flain, and that the enemy 
 had gotten his leal ring and warning them that they flnould give no creditto any letters written 
 inhisname,orhgned with his feal. This metfage was notfo loon brought to Sclapia^yXiX. ftreight »| 
 after there came letters thither from hnn-.bd^ tratned and indited in the name oiyiarcellm to this 
 effeft, That he would the next night that immediately followed that prefent day, be itlperfon at 
 taiapia '■< willing the garrifon fouldiers to be in readinefs, for to be emploied in fomc fervice that 
 fliould be thought needful. The Salapians perceived whereabout he went, and fuppofing that it 
 was a perillous plot, whereby hnml-al lought fome opportunity to be revenged of them and to 
 pnnifh them, for anger, not only that they were revolted from him, butbecaufe they had killed 
 his-horfemen: they therefore fending the meffenger back again, (who was a Roman fugitive and 
 renegate, and had fled from them to A«w^<!/) to the end, that their fouldiers might etfeft that 
 whichthey were minded to do, without the knowledge of the meffenger, andnotbeefpiedby 
 him ; bellowed all the Townfmen along the walls and in Inndry convenient places of the Town, N 
 tolteep a (landing corps de guard. The watch and ward they tended the next night very carefully, 
 and about that gate where they fuppofed the enemy would come, they oppofed the ftrength arid 
 moftable men of all the garrifon. knnibal neer about the time of the relief of the fourth watch 
 came to the City. In the vanguard marched certain RomanRebelsand Rcnegates, with Roman 
 armor upon them: who when they were come to the gate, called up the watch, and fpake all in 
 Latin unto them,willing them to fetthe gates open, for that the Cof . vvascome. The watchmen 
 making femblance as if they were ronfed and awakned at their call began tobef>ir themielves,to 
 nnake haft with much ado, asbnfy as ever they might be. The Port- collis wtiich had been let 
 dovvn,ftood yet fliut. Then they began,fometo heave and to weigh it from the ground with lea- 
 vers & coleweighs oiherstodrawitnp with ropes untoih.it h.eigbtthat menmigbt go upright q 
 under it.ThepAffage was fcarcely ma'de open &(et wid^ enough. when the fugitivetraitors came 
 iufhingin;it the gate apace, ftriving who mightenrerfiril. And when there were almo'l 600 of 
 themgotin,therope waslet go,at which thepOrt-cullis hung-S: itfeldown with a mighty noife. 
 The Salapians ihen/omeranupon the fogitiveRomansabovefaid,carying their armor looiely and 
 tetchleflyhshgingujJon their {lioulders,3s travellers & wayfaringfouldiersiu 3 peaceable country 
 of fcbeir friendsrothersiro the turrets of cbe gate peltied the €nemies with fton€Sj& pufhed at than 
 
 with
 
 The [even and twentieth Boo^of T. Li vius. < 2 c 
 
 A wich punchion poles, or with darts and javelins flew them. So >4««*^.:/caught in his own dares, 
 was fain to depart. 
 
 He went from thence to levy and raife the fiege before Locri, which Town Chicitts beleague- 
 red (trei^hily, and aflauited molt torcibly, having raifed fabriLksabout it, and planted allk-nd of 
 engines, artillery, and ordnance againlt it, which were brought thither out oi Sicily. Ma^o who 
 began already to diltrult that he flioUld not be able to defend and keep the City, C(ij ei\ ed now 
 the tir(t hope of better, when he heard once of the death oi .M^.rcellHs. And then tlicrt came alfo 
 ameflengcr with news, That ^^../Z;^/ havingfent afore him the horfemen of the Numidi.ins,fol- 
 lovved alter himfelf in perlbn, as fait as he could, with the power of the tootmen. A:id t'lerefore 
 iblbon as he perceived, by align giventrom the hill tops, that thcNiiinidians approached him- 
 jj felfat on.e fe: thegacc open, and fuddainly (allied forih upon the enemy with great liolcncc. Ac 
 the firli the skirmifli was doubtfu',more becaufe he came upon them at una wars';, than for that he 
 was equal to match them in (trenj^th : but afterwards, when the Numidians charged them be- 
 fides jthe Romans were I'o terrihcd^that they fled here and there in every place to the lea and their 
 fhjps, leaving their fabricks and engins wherewith they had flaaken and battered the walls. So 
 by the coming oi Anndal the liege brake up before Loc, /. 
 
 Cr.fpiniis-, alter he was ad ve: tiled that Anmbal was gone into the Brutians countrey, comman* 
 ded Af.ircits Ma c.-iL.-s a Colonel or knight Marflial, to lead away unco rc»u/ia,ihe army which 
 had beencommanded by his Colleague new deceafed. Himfelf went to C^ipua with the legions, 
 fcarce able to endure the fhogging and flaaking of the horfelitter,for pain and grief of his wounds. 
 C From whence he wroce letters to Rome, giving notice, That his brother Conful was dead, and in 
 what danger himfelfwas. Signifying alio, that hecould not himfelf come unto Rome againft the 
 eleflion, becaufe he thought he fliould not be able to endure the travel of the journey: andbe- 
 iides, he was in great care for Tarenttim, left ^««/Wfromoutof the Brutians countrey would 
 turn thither with all his power. Moreover, he gave the Senat to underltand that it was requifite 
 there fliould be fent as Embafladors or Agents unto him,men of wifdom and difcretion,whom he 
 might confer with,and acquaint wich his will and mind,as touching State-matters. The reading 
 of thefe letters, caui'cd them much tolamentandmournfor the death of the one Conful, and 
 greatly to fear what would become ofthe other. Therefore they not only dilpatched Q^ Fabmt 
 the fon, unco the army in VoinfiA^ but alio fent unto the Conful three commilTioners, Sex. Julius 
 J) C£fir,L,LfCt»ins PolliOyind L.Ctncius AhojentHs-y who but a few dayes before was returned out of 
 Sicily. Thefe had in commiflion to lignify unto the Conful from theSenat,that in cafe he were not 
 able himfelf to come to ^cw^ againlt the Eieilion,he fliould nominat within the Roman territo- 
 ry a Diftatot for to aflemble the people for the faid Ele^Sion : alfo that their pleafure was, incafe 
 the Conful went to Tareyjtum, that Q. Claudius the Pretor fliould withdraw his legions from 
 thence into thofeparts<whereas he might defend moft Cities of the Allies. 
 
 In the lame fummer M.Kderms took the Seas, with a fleet of a hundred failj and from Sicily 
 paffed over into Afnckj and having disbarked and landed his men neer the City CY«pi?<«j wafled 
 the countrey all about,and met no armed men, to fpeakof, to make head and withltand his inva- 
 fion. .Thentheieroversandforragers retired in halt unto their fliips, becaufe on a fuddain there 
 £ was a rumour blown abroad, That the punickArmado was coming, confiftingof 83 fail. The 
 Roman Admiral fought fortunatly with them not far from Clupea. And after he had boorded and 
 taken eighteen of their fhips and put the reft to flight, he returned to L /^/'.ertWjWicha rich Land- 
 booty , and much pillagefound in the fliips. 
 
 The fame Uimmer Philip alfo lent aid to the Ac/'<e/,that earneftly befought his help : whom not 
 only M.icl tiiidas the Tyrant ofthe Lacedemonians, grievoufly affliited with warring upon their 
 confircj, but alfo the ^ttolians, who having crofled the flreights or narrow Sea, between TV.iw- 
 p.ia,im and Pans, (which the inhabitants there call /^/;;w) and let over a power of armed men, 
 hjdfpoi'ed their territory. Moreover, there went agreat rumour and fpeech chat A/m/m/ King of 
 A/74 the '.el's, would fail over into £,'<rofe,becaufe the jEtolians in their lalt Parliament orgeneral 
 F Diechad conferred upon him thefoveraign magillracy and rule of their nation. For ihefccaufes 
 i'/u/p .amedown with a power into Grecce^ind attheCityL(Jw/'<«,the;Etoliansencountred him 
 with the r Captain Phyfi.ts, who for that year was created Pretor together with King A/m/mj in 
 his ahlen.e. They had in their .irmy certain aids from Aff^;/<-,and almoll athoufand Romans out 
 ofthe Roman Armado,fent from P. Sn/pitius. Againft this Captainand thefe forces Philipiought 
 two batcails with profperous fu reefs and in both flew very many of his enemies: and when the 
 jEcolian? were driven for fear from thence, into the City ofL<jwj^, and within the wallsthereof 
 laved thcmfelves, Fhilrp retired his army into Ph.ilera. This isa place fituateinthegulfof Af/j- 
 /e.!, fometimes much peopled and frequented for the pafllng fair haven, and many good har- 
 bors, and faferrdes for fliips, befides other fpecial commodities as well of Sea as Land. Thither 
 G repai'-ed fundry Embafl"adors from divers parts, to wit, from PtolomauslsAn^ of t/ff/ft, from 
 the Rhodiani, the Athenian';, and inhabitants oiChios, and all to treat about a pacification, to 
 take up the war between Plyl p and the Mtolhns. And of neighbour-borderers there was in 
 thebehalfof the i£tolians as peace-maker, Amina^der K'mo ofthe Athamans. All of them were 
 not fo careful and earneft for the .£colians, who were more fierce, flout and imperious than 
 the Nstinn of Grecians naturally is •• as they laboured this point, that P/j/Z/p with his Kingly 
 foverangnty, to the prejudice of their liberty hereafter, fliould not be imerefled, nor meddle 
 
 in
 
 : 2 6 T'hefevgn and twentieth BooJ\ofT, Livius. 
 
 intbezfijirs and Hate of Cntce. As ccnctrninga peace, iheccrfultaiicnwasput ofFand refer-H 
 red lo the general Councel ot the v^f/;<c;: ardlorthcfaid DiticrCcr.rcel> Wiis a placeappoin- 
 tcd, r.rd a (.eitain day fei down ard publifhed. Ard in ibe mean fpace^ a iiuce cbtained for thir- 
 ty dayes. 
 
 Then the King departed from thence, ard through Thc^aly zv.dFaeiiaj came loChalcU in 
 Eulce^iov 10 put by Analuf (whom he heard fay to be comirg-wiih a navy for£?;^fl'4)from ar- 
 riving in any havens,or landing in any place on the feacoaft. Then leavirga guMrd behind for to 
 withHand ^n<j/#«, (ifhapiy in the meanfeafonhe fhould chance to pafs over^ he marched him- 
 lelt forward with fome few horfemenand light ariiied footmen,and came to Argos. There by the 
 fuffrag,es and voices of the people, the honour of exhibiting and celebrating the folemn games, 
 called Her&i and Nemei-, was recommended unto him",becaufe the Macedonian Kings give out & I 
 fay, thatthey aredefcended from that City. After he had performed thefolemnity ofthe/f^r<e/> 
 prefently he went from the very games andpaftimes,toihe Councel of his allies long before pro- 
 claimed, as is abovefaid. Much debate there was tor a finall end of the iEtolians war^tbat neither 
 the Romans nor y^ffrt/w might have any occafionto come into Greece. But the Atolians marred 
 all this before the time of the truce was well expired : by occafion that they heard that Andus 
 both was come to E.gt;:a, and the Roman navy anchored at Nan-pMum. For being called into 
 the Councel of the Acl^tci, in which the fame Embaffies were,who before at Phalcra had treated 
 for peace, firft they complained,that fome things had been done,'during the time of the truce;a- 
 gainlt the faith of the covenant and accord. But at laft they flatly denied and faid,That there could 
 not pofftbly be an end of wars, unlefs the Af^<c/rendred /'//»/ unto the Mefleniansj and peace k 
 were granted and relfored to the Romans,and likewife to the Athamans, to ScerdiUtus, Pleura- 
 tus3T\d Archides.VJherczt Phiiipv/is very wroth,and thought it a foul indignity,thatx:onqiiered 
 perfons fhould take upon them to article and capitular with him their conqueror. *•' But neither 
 ■■' heretofore (quoth he) gave I audience to the treaty of peace, nor yeelded confent to truce up- 
 " on any hope I had that the^tolians would everbe quiet: but to this end.that all confederate 
 *' friends mightbear witnefs that I fought means of peace, and they fonght occafions and pickc 
 " quarrels for war. So without conduhon of any peace,he diffolved the Diet ; leaving four thou- 
 , fandfouldiersfor the defence and guard of the Achsans, and receiving of them five fliips of war, 
 (which if he had joyned to the armado of the Carthaginians, lately fent unto him, and alfoto 
 thofe fhips which were coming ovitof BahjniafromKw^PrH/ias., he determined to affail the L 
 Romans with fhip-fight, who had a long time been mighty mafters of the Seas^ himfeif prefenc- 
 ly from that Councel departed back to Ar^os -.for now the time drew neer of the games JS/emet, 
 which he was delirous to celebrate and honor with his prelence. Whiles theKing was occupied 
 in the preparation of thefe games and paflimes, and folaced himlelf during thele feaftival holy- 
 dayes,vvith more liberty of mind and repofe,thanhe fhould in time of war; P.^tiipniiu having 
 loofed from Ndpaciitm^irtwtd with his fleet between Sicyone and I ori>7th.znd wafted that goodly 
 territory, moft renowned of all other forfruitfulnefs of all things. The noife and rumor of this 
 occurrence awakened Philip', andcaufedhim to leave his difports: and fo he took his Cavalry 
 with him in haft,and fet forward, having given order that the Infantry fliould follow flreight af- 
 ter : where he found the Romans ftragling here and there all over the countrey, loden with boo- j^ 
 ty and prizes, (as who feared nothing in the World lefs) let upon them, and drave them to their 
 fliips. Thus the Roman fleet nothing wellappaidforthebooty they had gotten, returned to 
 NaftpaBum. And Philip g:m\y augmented the folemnity and magnificence of the gsme"; ihac 
 were behind,by the fame of a vii^fory over the Romans at that time, how much or little foe. ec 
 it was. And with great joy and mirth were thole holy-dayes kept : and fo much the more bei auls 
 the King tor to pleafe the people withal, laid afide the diadem of his head, put is|f his purple robes 
 and other princely and royal habit,and in outward port bare himfeif ecjual to others, and no bt t- 
 ter:athingright acceptable and pleafing to free States, as nothing can be more. By whichdced 
 ofhisjhehad given great and undoubred hope untoall men, of liberty and freedom ;but ibathe 
 ftained and marred all again with his intolerable luft and loofenefs of life. For he ufed to go ran- N 
 gingupanddown with one or two of his favourits in company, and did nothing elfe bur haunt 
 lu(pefled;houfes by thei'ea fide day and night in difguifed manner: and thus by dehafinjz himfeif 
 to the mcaneftate of a private perl'on, the lefs he was fufpedfed and known, the morediffolute 
 he was : and whiles he pretended unto others a vain fliew of freedom, he abufed all co his own 
 licentiouines. Neither paid his purfe for all his pleafures,nor with flattringperfwafions and fair 
 fpeeches obtained he his defires : but to accomplifh his wickednefs, he ufed oftentimes forcible 
 violence: and dangerous it was both to husbands and parents, to be any thing ftreight-laced, and 
 make it goodly by tedious delay and unfeafonablefevcrity, to feem but to flay the unbridled luft 
 and appetite of theKing. From one of the Princes alfoofthe Acha^i named ^r/7r«/,he took his 
 wife avy Ay called PolycratLi, and upon hope and colour of mariage with the King, drew her away q 
 with him iriio Macedony. Having thus with thefe lewd and wicked pranks palled the time of 
 the loleninity of the Nemean games, aud fome few dayes over and above ; be went co Dvwrffor 
 to difleifinthegarrifonofihej£tolians, which they had fent for and received into the City [of 
 Dvwrfifrom the Fleans.C;'c//W?/(vvhp wasthe foveraignorchiefmagiftratofthatftate^and the 
 Achsi met the King at 'Dyma. •■ who as they hated the Efeans, becaufe they diflented from the reft 
 ot the Ach:tanS;foihey were malicioufly bent againft the i£tolians,vvhom they wereperfwaded. 
 
 to
 
 The [even and n2:^entleth Boo^of T. Li vlus. 5 ij 
 
 A CO hive ftirrcd the Romms to levy war upon them. So from Dfma they dcparfed:and withjoint 
 aimies pailej over the river L^njfus^ which divideth the country ofthc tleans from the territo- 
 ry 01" Otmi, The firll day after they were cntrcd the conKns of their enemies, they ipcnt in for- 
 raging. The morrow atcer,in battail array, they prcicntcd thcmfclves before she Cicy, having lent 
 cue their Horleuien be/ore them to make bravado'i before their gates, and ali ;o provoke the ALto- 
 liaos ; a kind of people full of (tojr.ack.and ready enough to Jally fonh and make cxcurfions. Now 
 were thsy not ware all this while, that s ulfitm^ wud fifteen inips had Cfolled over from Ntit- 
 fjidum to CjUjtiff: nor that he hid landed tour thoufand louldiers in the (till time of the night 
 (becaufe they might not be feen to march) and cntred fcVftf. And therefore, this iuddain and un- 
 cxpededobjcdiputthemini tttrihle tear,vvhen they taw and knew s.mcc among the A-tolians and 
 B the Eleans, the Roman enfigns and their armor. At thefirlt, the King would have had his men to 
 retire : but afterwards iecing the ikirmilh was begun already between the yfctoliansand frioalli, 
 (i kind of Ulyriani) and perceiving that his lauldiers alio were put to it at)d charged, then the 
 King alio hiuilelf with his Horicmco allailed the Coiiort or Squsuron of the lloxans. There his 
 Hotle was with a dart fliot through t and whe'» he had once burig and cs'i the King forward over 
 his head,tbere wai a cruel and deadly fight on both tides, whiles the Rosnans laid tiatd at the King, 
 and the Kings men protected arid guarJcd bis perl'on. Hm^lclf fought right manfully above the 
 reft, confiJcring he was forced on foot, to maintain skiruinh among the Horlemen. But after- 
 wards, by realonottbegrcat diladvantage, and teeing many about hiui Ihikendown and woun- 
 ded, he was cau:;ht away by hisgard, mounted upon another Horle, and lo he O^d and elcaped. 
 
 C And the fame day he encamped 5 miles from the City of the Elcans. The next morrow be led all 
 Jiis whole power 10 a Caftleof theEleans (ituateneerat hand, called Pyrgos: into wbicfe he had 
 intelligence that a multitude of the country peafants for fear of being fpoiled, were with 1 heir cat- 
 tail driven and retired. Thisconfufcd, dilbtdred, and naked company he took captive at bis co- 
 ming, prefcntly upon the firlt charge and onlet that be gave: and with that booty he licked hiin- 
 Iclf whole agiui, and lalved the Ihaifiefisl defeat that he had received at £/<■-■. As be wss buiy in 
 Jbaung the prizes, and dealing abroad itheprifoners (and there were of men fome four ihoufsnd, 
 and of cattail of all kinds one with another twenty thoufand head^ there came a port oui of yT/,^r(r- 
 dony with news, that one £ro;»«« had lurprtfed Lich»>d»»*, by corrupting for a piece ct money 
 the ConltabJe of the Caltle, and Captain of the garnfcn there : and that he held in poncflion 
 
 D certain bocrougb lowns of the Daliaretians, and ibll tailed the Dardanians to Rebellion. The 
 King therefore gave over the Achxin and the yttolian wars- yet leaving two th,ouland live 
 hundred armed louldiers of all forts, under the leading ci Memppw and PotyphaMtes for to defend 
 bis Allies, he went from Dymx ihrou^h ^rhtL-a , Baotin, and Beoais j and upon the tenth day 
 came to Demetrius in Tkejfalta, Where other mellcnsets dUo encountttd b in, bringing tidings; 
 of a greater inlurrcdion: namely, that the Dardanians bad invaded Mncedonj, and were mailers 
 o\Oreftis^ and came down into the.plains of t/^y??--<«>«j : and that thi; rumor was nfe and went 
 currant among the barbarous people that ?lnli^ was flain, The trurh iSjinthst expedition where- 
 in he fought at Sicjon with thole that preyed and macfcil^oii 1:1 t..c country, ;-.c was carried by his 
 hot and Uomack-fuU Horfe under a Tree, and there againfl a bonrh or arm thereof ihatltood 
 
 E out, he chanced to break a corner of the creft of bis helmet at one end. That piece chanced to 
 be found by a certain Aiolian, and was brought into ty£t<jti.i unto Scevdiletw, who knew bjr 
 I lie mark that it was the Kings helmet- wncrcupon the fame of the Kings death wasdivu!!',cd 
 commonly abroad. After the departure of Pbilif out of Achtta, SwpitiM who was atr; vcd wuh 
 bis navy at tyCgtna, went forward, and joyncd with Attalm. The A'^^at rot far bom Aicjfena 
 liruck a fociunat batta:! with the yl-ltolisrs ard the Eleans. ^ff^/^a the King, und P- Sttlptttsu 
 Wiiurcd in ALgina. 
 
 ]n the cr.dvtihlsyeir^T. Quiniiiti Crif}!tf:ia the Confu!,when he had iiominitcd forD;(3ator, 
 jL.MurccLm TercjHiUui^ for to uold tbciolemn cledionof Magiltrats, and to let out the gameSj 
 died ot his hurt aforefaid. So:ne lay he Icfrjhis life at Tarcntum : others in CAmpant. Thus bctb . 
 
 F Coli.bemgfljin withe u: any m>motablebariail,(a thing never feen afotc in any o; her wai).tft t 
 Comu-.on- wealth delolatc , and as it were clean fithcild's. mM^aitm the Didator choic tor im 
 General of the Horle, C. ServiiitUy at that time ^ivditc curule. The Senate upon the very rirll: 
 iiay that the L L. were alFembled, gave order to the Didator, to txhijit the great Roman 
 ^ames, which Af. ty£mil<w the Pretor of the City, whiles (\ FUmimm and Cn»Servtliiii were 
 Coll had lepreiciitcd and vowed for 5. years. Itieo the Dictator, both let them forth and alio 
 vowed them for thenextfivc years. But confidcring there weretwoConfular armies without 
 iheitCeueialSjIoncer unto the enemies : the LL.of the Senat< and the people kt all other matters 
 a(i4e,and had a principal care above all things,:o crcai Con uls as loon as poflialy they could .• and 
 "(uthelpeciiUy, who;c venue and valour fiiould be thought fecurtd and (afe enough, I'tom Pu- 
 
 G "nick crafiincls and deceitful trains. For whereas during the time of all thele wars.the ovcr- 
 " bally headj a, id hot i'pitits ot the Leaders, bid been ever dangerous a.nd huntul to the Hate: ib 
 "in this very ycai, the Conluls upon immoderate de:rs lohght With the enemy, wasfalkn 
 '■• arid ploHjjed into a jeopardy and milchief ere they were aware. Howbeit the immortal Gods 
 "iu.i iiicicy and pity upon the Roman name, in fpating the guihlcfs armies, andpaniflung the 
 >•• iiicenfidetate talbncis ofthc Conluls, witb the IcU'e only of their own lives. And when the 
 LL af the itnatc looked about t^ciy way, to lee if they could fpicout any to make Conluls of ; 
 
 Zz • above
 
 5 z8 'Theft'ven mdmcntkth Eoo\of T. Livius. 
 
 above ailotheisby many dtgitts, C. (^ht:d tu Ano txctllfd ltd was ttc trtl) Paisgcn. Eul8 H 
 ' coo.panion with bim in the gtvtitmtri ittj wttt littwiU ic («ik fcr. ^j fci Jinj,f odcubf, 
 tbey deemed him a lingular man and abiave Cspiain : I ut j ti n ne !ri v aid :i c (strr, itan ihc; 
 quality andoccaons ot ibis war rcqoircd, or lo te Hiaictcd vviihlith an trt ci> a^-<^.*;/^^/w^s.'; 
 And therefore tbey thought good lo joyn wiibbmln b)sccl!«r£ie, alcbtr, iviff , srd piudtpt 
 'man, who might temper and qualifie that fierce rstuit and d)){cl t)cr. ot bis. Ntw M, l.ivitu^ 
 oaany years ago had been upon bis Conlulftijp ccrdfirt td by ibe JLCgtrntnt ct the pt epic. Vcbicb , 
 ignominy and reproach he tock fo gtievcifly toite btJit, ilst be dcpjritd inioibc ccui tjy, 
 and fornany years together, foibaie net only ihcCiiy. fcM icccr.\ttlt jrd l^eepcrmpary wiih 
 men. And almoft eight years jfier bis cciidtmraiicnalcrelaid, J\^ .Clatiditti Maicelius, and 
 M.f^aUrim L&vtnm theConluIs, reduced him again iJsoiheCiiy. Bti be tJitdtogcinold ard I 
 worn apparel, letting the hair of bis btad ard ttaid gicw Icrg, csnyirginbis vcij ccunterarxe 
 and array, the frefli and notable lemcn biance ol the dilgrace ttfcie itcentd. But L, Fenriw 
 and P.Ltcinttu the Cenlors, compelled him to cut his hair, end lay i way bis vile and unfeemly 
 weed, to come into the benat, and to meddle again in civilnratttti at d jftaiis o< State. And jct 
 info doing, he would never proceed farther, ttan loJay Amen lo other mens opinion?, ard Ipeak 
 but one word, yea and nay .• or ellc nothing at all, tut fi.cw bis mind ty pjflirgonhis tectloona 
 fide or other. Until fuchtimeasa kinlman ot biscwo, Ai, Lmtu jUicaius, being in trouble, 
 and his name and honour called in quefticn, caultd him todard ip in the Cciinftl'hQule and de- 
 liver his opinion. And whenatter lo Icrg dilccrtiniarct, he wsslcenard tfaid crcetofpeak, 
 he turned every man his eye upon him, ar.d miriflttdcccaficn alio of Ipeecbinibtfctcin s,namc- 15 
 ly, " Ibit the people had done the man txcudirg great vrcrg, jta, andbuit ibeccnmcn-weal 
 "much, in that during the lime ot lo oargeicusa war, ibetebsd tetnnojn plc5ment of io wcr^ 
 " tby a pcrlon, either for his travail and pains, or bij advice znd ccunfel. But to return again to 
 the Lords of the Senate- they knew well, tbatreiiher <^.F^titu, tcr M.Valeriui Lnvnut, 
 could pofTibly be joyned as companion in gcvetrmtnt lo C^ A'cre.- foraltJ uthas it wasnot law- 
 fiill that both fhould be choien out of the Nobles or \ atiitii. Ard the lame V4Z%T, JManhtaWz 
 cafe alio. Befidesthat, ashc onccrefuled the Confuls rrom, wbtnii wjs < fltrtd intob :m,io no 
 doubt he would not accept thereof the Icccnd time if it were tti.drcd umohim. But if they 
 fliouldl'ort Marciu Livim and C. C/<?»^»»^icgetbcr, there wtuld bean txcellericcople cf Con- 
 lulsindecd. Neither ftcod the people againll this ovetiuie, thus mc.ved fiifl by tte Lords ot the £ 
 Senat. The only man in the whole City,;tbaf denied it, was the very paitj h mltlf, unto wfccm 
 this dignity and honourable place was preltnted. Who micbblsD cd the kvity jrdircoi.ftar.cy 
 of theCity : laying, " That they had no pity vl bim.wbtnit was.* namely, whiles he was in quc- 
 " ftjon and accuied, and during the time of bis trouble w aie poor and fimplc gaimenis .• f ut i.ovV 
 *'againft his will, they cffrtd him a glittering white rcfcc to Hand for a Conluifhip. Thus (quotb 
 "hejthey punilli and deprefSjihus tbey hontur and advance the /ameperfcns. If tbey took me 
 "for a good and honell man, why conoenred they tne as they did, for a wicVed one and a guilty ? 
 '•Ifthcy found me naught and faulty, whatxaufe have tbey lo tiull me with aleccnd Coniulfhjp, 
 ••who ulsd the former lb badly, which was ccir.mitted unto me ? Asbeargued andmade com- 
 «' plaints in this wile, the Lords of the Senat reproved bim, and replied again: fetting before bis j^ 
 " eyes the example of A't-Funtu^ who in times palt was called home cut of txile ; and when the 
 "fiate was dccsyed and lying along, let it upright again in her foimcr place and ptiftinc glory. 
 •'And like as the cutftnefs andrigor of parents, istobemollificdbypaticr.ee, even fo the hard 
 " and fhre wd dealings of a roans country, is to be dulced and mitigated by bearing and fuflferance- 
 So they all tlnck dole together, and chole M. Livita Coniul, with C. Cltjudiw. Three dayes after, 
 they went to the eleftion of the Pretors. And there wcie created Prctors, £.. rercitu LiemtKi, 
 Ctiim MmIius, J.HcJiiltM, and C. Ho fii/itat, both Caros. When the ekdion was finifhcd, and 
 the games celebrated, the Didator and General of the Cavalry lurrendred their places, C. Terer.' 
 /iRjr^zrrfl wasfent into^.f/?«r/<jas Prc-pretor, to the end that out of that province, C. Hojiiltus 
 fhould go to Tarentam, unto that army which T.Qjti*>t:us the CofT. bad. T hat L. MaKlhtt (hould H 
 go beyond Sea as Embaflador, to lee how the world went there : And withal, confidering that in 
 Inmmer, there were to be loUmnized the famous games at Oljmpi^, which were celebrated wit ti 
 a n,o(l frequent relort and meeting ot all Greece, in cale he might fafely and without impeachment 
 of the enemy, he inould vifit that great aficmbly ; to the end that if be could light upon any Sici- 
 lians, who were fled and baniflied their country ,or any citizens of 7'<er<»rirw,confined thither and 
 lent away by Anmbal, they fhould repair home again into their own countries, and know, that 
 whatfoeverthey were pofleffed of, before the wars began, the people of Ao«rf would reftore the 
 fame, and make good again unto them. 
 
 Becaufe it was like tobca right dangcrois year, and no Confuls were invefted fully in the 
 Common' weal, all men depended upon the Confuls elcft,and were defirous that they fhould with q 
 all fpeed,caftlots lor their Provincev: and every man was willing to know aforehand, what Pro- 
 vince each one fhould lule, and what enemy he was to deal withal. Moreover, a motion and 
 Ipeech there was inthe Senat-boule, that ine Confuls fliculd be reconciled and made fiiend;, 
 and Q^. t'al>iMt y\a.\\ propcunded that fitft. For there had been roioiicus enmity and variance 
 between them aforetime: and the calamity of Z,<i//*/ made the f:me more grievous and unfup- 
 portable unto bimlelfj in regard that be v^as petlwadcd, l^w in that milery of bis, be was 
 
 dcfpifed
 
 The [even and twentieth Boo^of T. Li vius. <iq 
 
 A defpit'ed ot his adverfary. Whereupon be grew to be more implacabJeofthe twain, and worfero 
 bcintreated, " There needs (quoth he)norecon.iliation,neicheris it material and toany piir- 
 "• pole. For they will do ail with more diligence and better I'pirit.who ever Hand in fear that their 
 " adverUry and concurrent iTiall grow great and be advanced by their default. Yet the authority 
 of the Senat bare luch a (koke with them, that they laidalide all malice and old grudge, and with 
 one mindiconlent.and counfel,adminirtred the affairs ot the common-weal. TheirProvinces were 
 not intermingled, nor their gc ernment extended into one anothcrs country, as in former years, 
 but diflant afunder and divided by the remote frontiers and farthclt marches of /rd/y. For unto 
 one of them were alTigned the Brutians and Lucans country againil yL:>iib.il : unto the other,6V/- 
 liii againii ^j'd'^ul'al ; who as the rumour and bruit went, vvascomc forward necr unto the Jlpes. 
 
 B Of thole two armies which were in Gdllnnndia Hctruri,}y he whofeiortuncwas to"o into 
 Ga!li.t.v/.is to chule which army he would ,and havebefides,that other oftheCity. And he whofe 
 lot fliould be to go into the Brutians country ,befides the new legions enrolled of citizens, was to 
 takeuntohim, the army of whether Conl'ul he liH,ofthefotmcryear. A\\o Qj^iy/tiit^ Fabimihc 
 Pro- conful,had the charge of that army which theConfulrefufed :ard his authority was rcnued 
 for one year longer. As for C.Hofld-.tu^ w hole Province T^irentam they exchanged for Hetruria^ 
 ihcy altered his Province again, to wit, C.'fKrtinHe:d cATarentum. Unto him was allowed that 
 one icgion which l-.Ji'ius the laft year commanded. 
 
 Now encreafed their careevery daymorethan other,concerning the coming of v^yi/,-«/'<i/ into 
 Jialy. And the LmbaiKulor-- ot tiie MalFilians had brought newshrli-, that he was pAfied over into 
 
 2 Galli.i- and that the minds of the Gauls were mightuy cheered up by his cominc', becaule the 
 Ipeech wenti that he had brought a huge deal ofgold with him, for to hire and wage tonldiefs for 
 aid in the wars. Then afierwards Six. Antiftins^ and M. /?«/«/, who were fent Embaffadors 
 bjick wit n them from Ro^j:. for to fee whether it were fo indeed, had made relation unto the Se- 
 natc,that they had lent cenain of purpole guided bythe Malfiliansiwhoby means of their efpeci- 
 all nend': the l^rini es and Lords ot theGauls, might leatn the truth, and bring word back ac- 
 cordingly. By whole report it was torcertain known, that y^/Jj-;//-.?/ having levied already apnif- 
 fanr atmy, was minded t'e next Ipring to pafle over the Alfx: and that there was nothing elfe 
 flaid iiim bur that it had been done already ,faviDg only the paflages of the ^^/p; which wereclo- 
 led lip with the winter Iriow. ■>" " ,• i. ; "ji'Ij ItJ • 
 
 £) \x\n\vtr,omoi M.Aiarceths^ L.^5;«///«/ P<«f«j was created Augur, and foconfecrated. And 
 like wilt Cn. ror^i-Z/z/j Do/<i/'W/<j was jnauguratorinllailedlungofthelJcrificeSjinliead of/I/<jrc«x 
 M.irtiM. who died two years beforcjf In ttiis very lameyeai the City was purged, and there was 
 a general furvey and numbring of the people by the Cenfors taken, P. Sem^ro>iitis Tnditanusi and 
 M.C y^^-e'ins <. ethci^Hs. There were reckoned and entred into the Cenfors books of Citizens, 
 1 37J08. Atmaher number by much/ods, than before the war. It is recorded in the Annals,thac 
 this year h:{\ after that Anmbnl came into It.Uj.&it Comiiium was bnilt over head and covered. 
 And that the Roman Games were once renued by the /Ediles of the chair, Q^. Metellus, and C, 
 ServiUtu- and that the other Games called 'fleleii-, werey renued two dayesby Q^.lslaihuj-, and 
 Af.C£cilius Metelhu-, ;£diles of the Commons : who alio offered three images and fet them up in 
 
 £ the Chappelof Ct'rw. And the folcmn feaBival dinner of Jupiter was celebrated by occafion of 
 thofe Games. 
 
 ThenC,CAf//<i'«* Nero, and M,Livitts thefecond time,entred their Confulfliip: who (becaufe 
 whiles they were but Cofl', elect, they had calx lots for their Provinces) commanded the Pretors 
 to do the like. AndtoC. //?/?;/;»« fell the jurifdi,LVion over the citixens, who had that likewife 
 over ftrangers and forrainers;to the cnd,that the other three might go forth into their Provinces. 
 To A, Hofiiliw, was allotted Surdtma : to C.Marlius^ SiciLa'i and to L.Porcius France, In fum, 
 the legions were in number three and twenty divided into the Provinces in thisfort:towit, the 
 Confuls had two apecce, Spam four. The three Pretors for. 5/f ,/■, , Sardiua^ and Fr^mce each of 
 them twain. C. Terentius in Hetruna commanded two. j^. fulvins in the Brutians conntry,othec 
 
 j: two. Q^.CUMdiHs about Tare>itt4m-, and the Salentins condu6>ed twain : and Cdius Uoflilins Tn~ 
 ffulHsiiC'ipua-, one. Laft of all. two were enrolled tor the City. In the four firft legions, the peo* 
 pie chofeallihc Colonels orMarflials, but to all the red the Confuls lent new to make up the 
 defea. 
 
 Before the Confuls went forth there was a Novendialfacrifice celebrated becaufe at r«V it had 
 rained Hones from heaven. And after one prodigious fight was once minded and fpoken of, there 
 were (as it is commonly feen j others alfo reported : namely, that in /*/;;7r«r;5<€the temple ofy«- 
 fitey.ind the facred grove of* Mancd was fmitren with liohtning: nadit AtelU the wall and gate * Thefjrtift 
 likewife, wan blaHtd with fire from Heaven. The men of i*^.'«;«)'> / tpake alfo of a more fearful '''*' Cii«, 
 and terrible thing than that, to wit, that there ran a river o'bloud inrheir very gate. LaH of all, 
 
 G atC.^p/<!a Wolfcntred the gate at nii^ht, and worried and difmembred one of the watchmen. 
 Thefe wonderful figns were expiate with facrihcing of gre.uer beails, and a fnpplication 
 was holden for one dav> by venue of a decree from the Prelats. Then WJS the Novendial fa- ri- 
 fice once again renued, becaufe it was I'ecn, that \r\ A[;-mil'jlrMm it rained Hones. And mens 
 mind^ were nn fooner freed of one religious fcruple, but they were troubled again with ano- 
 ther. For word was brought, that at Fr«/»»o there was an infant Ixirn as big as ordinary a child 
 is at tour years of age. "And the thing was not 'o Hrange for the bignels of the body, as for 
 
 Z z a thas
 
 tf 10 T'he/even and twentieth BooJ\ofT. Livius* 
 
 that it was born doubtful, whether it weie male orfetnale, like as two years before, at SimefiJ. H 
 The wifards that were lent for out ot Hecrur a, faid, that this of all other was a foul and filthy 
 fnonfter, and that it fhouid be had torch of che Dominion g\ Rome^ and drowned in the deep, 
 foas it might touch no ground. VVherenpon ihey put it alive intoa cotfer, and v/hen they had 
 carried it a good way into the Sea, they flung it in. Moreover thePrelats made a decree, that cer- 
 tain Virgins in three companies, having nine apiece, fliould go through the City, and Hng cer- 
 tain Canticles. And whiles in che Temple of J//;)/ff>-5f^for, the Maidens were a learning their 
 fong by heart, devifed and framed in verle by Uvim the Poet; the Temple of Queen Juro in the 
 Aventinebiil, was (friken with lightning from Heaven, And when the Arufpices had declared 
 that this prodigious token touched the matrons anddames of che City,and that the goddefs.was 
 tobepacified with an oblation ; they were (by vertueof anediilgranted outby the^dilesof I 
 the chair) called all into the Capitol, as many as had any houfe, either in the City of Rotks, or 
 within ten miles every way. And they among themfelveschofc five and twenty jnto whole hands 
 all the reft fhoiildputfome fmall portion of their dowry. Of which there was made a f.'.irand 
 large golden bafon, ibr to be prefetited unto Jmo : and it was brought into the Aventine ; and 
 withal, the d.imes offered unto her purely and chaftly their facrifices. And Ikeight after the De- 
 cefnvirs proclaimed a day for another facrificeof the fame goddefs, the manner and order where- 
 of was this: There were two white heifers ledfromthe 1 emple oi Aplb into the City through 
 the gii'e C^vmentalii' after them werecarried two Images, reprefenting Juno^ made of Cyprefs 
 wood: then: went there feven and twenty Virgins in long fide garments, chanting hynws and 
 fong'^tothe honour of J«;j<7. Thefefongsin verle were peradventure commendable, and pafied g.' 
 for good with thofe rude and grofs wits then living : but it they fhouid be rehearfed now adayes 
 to our fine headsjthey would leem buthmpleftuff,andcompofed without rime orreafon. Atter 
 this row of Maidens, followed the Decemvirs deputed for facred Ceremonies, with chaplets and 
 garlanck ofBaies, clothed in verture and robes erabrodered with purple. Fiomthegjte abovena- - 
 med, they pnffed by the Hreety«^ijr.'aj into the Grand-place, and there relkdthis folemnpomp 
 and train. Then tbei'e Virgins taking hold of a cord, which went through all their hands, fung 
 a fong, and danced the meafures, footing.it artificiiliy according to the note. From thence the/ 
 went by the Tufcan-itreet zadydabrara through the beallsOTiaiKet, and lb forward into the Cli- 
 ^Hs Pid'licttsi until they came to the Temple oiju/io. There the Decemvirs facrificed two hearts, 
 and the Images of Cyprefs wood were offered and fetupin the Temple. When the Gods and |,7 
 Goddefles were duly pacified,the Cofiftils took rpurters more Hreighijy and with greater precife» 
 refs, than any mancould remember informer years^ifor both thefearof the warwas two-fold^ 
 by reafon of a new-come enemy into /f^//, and alfo there was+eTsttoreof youth, outofwhrct* 
 the louldiers fhouid be enrolled. Wfaaeupon they compelled the inhabitants of the Colonies 
 by the Sea fide, who were faid to hawean efpecialimmuniry of warfare (by a facfsd law) tor to 
 find louldiers: and when they denied, ancJ Hood upon theirpriviledge of exemption, they fee 
 them down a certain day upon whii.h every man fhouid repair into the Senate, and lliewwhaE 
 cards tt(ey hadtortl.eir immunity and vacation. Upon the day appointed there prefented them- 
 felves before the Senat tbeie Commonalties follov\ing, to wit; of Hofi:a-, Jljla, yiy:tii{m^ Anxttr, 
 MtntHrnA $'r<»cffiz^ and Se».< from thebpper-Sea. When every one of thefe States exhibited and\ r 
 reidtheii charteroF immunity, there was none of all them dilpenfed with, but they o{ Antitim 
 and Hcfia in regard the er:emy abode in hdy : aiid lb the young and ferviceable men of thofe 
 Colonies, were put totheir oath and Iware, that not above forty of them fhouid lieonenighc 
 forth ofthe walls of their Colony, fo Ion;', as the enemy continued in/caly. 
 
 When all the LL. of the Senar were ot opinionj that the Confuls were to go forth to the wars 
 with alUpeed polfible (for that both v4/i:irM/-,i/was tobeencountred coming down the Aip', for 
 fear hefhou:d Ibliicic the Gauls on this i'tdciht A /ps ; andthe Tufcanslikewife who hoped and' 
 looked every day for a change and a.l:eration ; andal.o jl^i^tbal was to be kept occupied in his 
 own war, that he might rot go forth oftheBrutians country, and meet with his brother) only 
 Livius made ibmeftny and drew back, asrepofingbucfmalltrulf inihe armies belonging to his N 
 own Provin.es. And as for his Colleague, wellhe wirt, that he had the choile ot two notable 
 Coniular armies, and of a third, whereof Qjcbudius had the charge at TarentMn:. Whereupon hd 
 had made lome motion of calling the V^'olones [or voluntaries] again to their colours,and to ferve 
 in the wars. The Senat granted the Confuls alarge and treecommiffion^both to make lupply from 
 whence ibcvcr they wou^d, by chuling out of all the armies whom they pleafed, and to make ex- 
 change with whom they would, yea, and to draw out of the Provinces whomfoever, according 
 as they fliould think it good for the Common- weal. And all this was executed with the excee- 
 ding concord and unity of the Confuls. The V clones were enrolled into the nineteenth and 
 twentieth legions. Some Authors have written, that ^«;);ofent unto Lcr;/«j- from out of Spai».3 
 (Irong power of auxiliaries for that war, to wit, eight thoufand of Spaniards and Frenchmen^t wo ^ 
 thoufand iet^ionary footmen, and eighteen hundred men of arms, partly Numidians, and partly 
 Spaniards: ^nd it\ii Mnrcus Lticretmsbrov^hi thefe forces by Sea: alfo that C. ^<i ;//».; fent ouE 
 of5<n7;four thoufand arthersand (lingers. 
 
 The fear ^nd troubles in Rome were much increafed, by occafion of letters fent cut of Gallia 
 from L. Porcitis the Pretor." purporting thus much, That y]fdyul>al was removed out of his 
 wintring harbours^ and was paiTiDg over the A/pt ■ chat there weie eight thoufand Ligurians 
 
 levied
 
 The /even and tispentieth Boo/^ofT, Livius. o i 
 
 A levied and ready ia arms,to joyn with him (o foon as ever he was come into It.i/j, unlefs fome one 
 were fcnt againit the Ligurians,to prevent and keep them other wile bufied with war. As forhim- 
 feU, he would with that weak army that he had, go forward, as far as be thought he might with 
 fafcry. i hele letters cauied the Conluls to diipatch the multcrs in great hili, and togo forth into 
 ' then ProvinceSjloorcr than they h»d purpolird.- with this intenr.that both ol them as well the one 
 astheoincr,mignt in his I'everal province keep the enemies occupied, and luffcrthemnot to joyoj 
 too lay I bcir forces together. And verily the tbinj.; thsc helped ihcm molt in this their dcfigniuent, 
 was an opinion and pcrlvvafion that ylumbal had.- i^or albeit hi was afliired that his brother would 
 Ibar fuoirrer paliover iniQ Italj^ yet when he called to remembrance what a toil hehad himlelf, 
 and how much trouble and travail he endured in the palfagc'ione v/hile oftherivcr iffW<t«/i-.f,ano- 
 
 B thtr while of the mountains ot the --4/^/, and how for the ipaceol five moneihs together, he was 
 forced not only to figbt wnh the people, but ftiuggle alio with the difficulties of the places j he 
 neverlooked that /l/Jruital coa\d lo calily and lulpeedily pais over as he did: which vvas thecaufe 
 that he diHocjgcd out of his wmtring places lo much the latet. But ^/«/ra^/j/ found better expe- 
 dition, and uljthiigi. morceafy and ipeedy than either hunielf hoped foi, oTothtis cxpeClcd. Foi* 
 the ylrierni, and other nations (ov their example) both of fx-jwrir and alio aDoui the -^/f/, not 
 only received ai.demcrtainedhim, but alio accompanied him to the war. Oier and betides, as he 
 conduced bis atmv by thole pailages which were prepared and made open by his brothers Jour- 
 ney, and bid been afottime unpaflablc wilds and craggy rags, luagainll his coming, the Aips were 
 much more ealy, oy rcalon of twelve years continual pjtflage to and fro thoic wayes .• and the na- 
 
 C ture ot the peaiants more civil and tradable, for the people ocfore,bting not urcdto any Grangers 
 iiid aliens, nor acculf omed to lee pailengers or travailers coming into tho.e parts, were in minnec 
 un!ociable,iavage and wild, and could not avvay with the (ociety of'men.And at the firli not know- 
 ing wnither yinmhal intended to go, they luppolcd that he came for to lurprife their holds in caves 
 and rocks, to rake their forcrefles, and to drive away their people and cattail as booties. But af tet- 
 wards- rhc faiuc that went of the Punick war (wherewith now iwclveyears Ic^ily was plagaed 
 and vexed; Dad taught them lutiicieutly, that the Alps were nothing but the way for theCartha- 
 gmians to favaii ibrough. And Dy this time well they knew, that two moll puiliant Cities and 
 Scans,, divioed and removed one from another by a great fpace of Land and Sea between, Itrivcd 
 togetheraod «vs' red for their greatiieis and ooveraignty. Upontheleoccahons, lUy, the Alf* 
 D were open and paiuble lo Afaruhat witn eale. But look what time he gained by Ipeedy journiesj 
 the lame he i u a^iin oyitay about PUcentta , whiles he lay there in vain, rather b;;liegiiig than 
 allailingit.He vas c».r,cdaw*y withapcrf-vafion, that the Town leated upon a plain and cham- 
 paincounrry, might foon be forced and won: and the great name that went ofihat norle Colony, 
 induced bim tobchcve.tnac by the overtHrow and rating oftbat, Cif^ , hclhouldltrike a terror to 
 all ihe I clt. £iat in lymg againlt that Te wn, he not only hindred h mn:U much, but alio Itaid Ahm~ 
 bal : woo having heard that oe was paffed over the y^/^^.andcomedovvii into /M/;,ro much foonec 
 than be looked for, was upon the point to diflodge out of his rtanding vvintring camp, ^o, he con- 
 fidered and call in his mind, not only what a long and tedious pieca of worK it is to befsege and 
 alTault Cities, but alio well remcmbted how himlclf after his vkJoty at 7 «^«j, aflaied to force 
 
 E that colony in his return from thence, but might not prevail. 
 
 •■The Confuls being departed from the City, and gone divers wayes as it were for twofundryr 
 " wars at once, dillra^licd mens minds with many cares and troujlous imaginations , as well ia 
 ^'•remembrance of thole loiTes and overthrows, which they had received at ys'«;;/^*a/ his fiitlco- 
 " ming ; as alio in thinking, what gods Ihould be io propitious and favourable to the City and 
 '• empire of ^<"wi?, as toprolpcr the affairs ofthe State and Common-weal, at onetime in both 
 '■ places. For until then, their luccefs had been variable and alternative ; and their proip-;tity al- 
 " wayes delaied with lembiable advctfuy : and again, their lofles were recompenled WiUi equal 
 ."gains.- Forwbenin ful} ihe Common- wealth of .^^wf went one way downwardheadljng to 
 "the ground at t Irafjie* m zni Cantut : i\ic fjitunat wars another way in 5/»^.vj, let it upright a- 
 f '"gain. Aftetv/ardi, tvhco in 5/)^«« one overthrow and defeat hapncd in the neck of another, 
 " at what time »-■>;. wanoale Captains wersiliin, and two valiant armies in pare dellroyed ; the 
 ''happy and locky hand in Stctly and //<*/), made up thole breache.";, and let the reeling llaicon 
 «< foo: again. For why i tnc very alliance of the place to far remote (Lccaule one of the wars 
 «* W3S maintained in tbcfattheft part of toe World^ yeelded time and telpitc.tobrcath themlelves 
 <^ and gather new Itrength. Butnow, two wars at oncearc entertained within 7/^/;, twomolb 
 ••brave watri.cwrs and lenowned Captains encloie between them the City of ^»w# ; alldangets 
 *• come htiddle togethit.* all the iicavy load and whole burden beareth upon one and the telf- 
 '«la.ne place: ar.d -.o d'jubt, but waether of thcle two Ciptains fiifl llnllgeta viiSoty, be 
 "w.li within few di^es iftcr joyn his forces to the other. The treih and limtntablereir.cm- 
 G«bral1ce alto of thi very ia:^ year, wherein iwoConiuis loft ibeir lives, mightily iffnghted the 
 " hearts of iheptop'e, Soas, inthdcperpitx.tits and troubles of mind e, they accompanied the 
 Contcls as rhey d« pu'ed and went into ttaei^ levera! Provinces. Jt is more over iu lonie iccords 
 igunUuiin wliVi.^. f.^'/« adviled ?nd warned .4/ /./•:"««.« being upon bis juumey toward tne 
 W»rs, not ralTaly and band over head tu give battail to tnc enemy, before be knew- "^is i»a:ate 
 anc! qus ities, he full of anger liiU and diicomenimcnts with bis tcliow citizens, made ibis ao- 
 Iwct, I hat lo loon as ever he could have » fight of hi» enemies army, be would figbt : and '^?.''-^
 
 I 
 
 The [even and twenttethBooJ^ofT. Livius. 
 
 asUcd again, why he would make fuch haft .' Mary Cquothhe^ cither (hall I by viftory of mine H 
 enec'.tes win finguiar honor and renown .• or by the overthrow of my fellow Citizens gainfome 
 hcaris- cafe and contentment, if not bonert in all rcfpeiSs, yet at leal.t-wifc luch as they have de- 
 lerved. 
 
 Before that CUud.us the Conful was come into his Province, C. Hojlilitu Tuhulut accompa- 
 nied with certain cohorts lightly appointed, cncountred AnntbaH'iVt led his army and marched 
 by thcBtter confines andmarchcsot the territory ol Lwinttm-, which leadeth totbeSalentins.* 
 and charging upon his difordred army, put them to great trouble, flew four thouland of his men, 
 and carried away nine Enfigns. Q^^CUuHuu who had certain garrilons planted in all the Cities 
 ofthe Salentins country, hearing oUhe enemies ccming, had removed out ol his wintring camp; 
 and theretoie AnKibal, becsufc he would not fight with two armies at once, by night diflodged I 
 out otthe territory of Tdrffwfww, snd withdrew himlelf into the Brutians country : \aACUudiHs 
 turned with his army to the Salentins again, Ho^tlins intbc way toC«ip»<i, met with the Con- 
 ia\Cla-Aditu itl^cnufia. There, oat of both armies, the Confulpicl^ed forth forty thoufandchoifc 
 Puotmen, and 2500 Horicmen, for to warwlth /^»»»/^^</. The reft ofthe forces i?»y?<V/w was 
 commanded to lead unto C<ii/!«««, and to deliver them to ^.F^^/wi the Pro-conful. 
 
 vy»«/^<2/ having adcir.bled bis forces from all parts, aswellthofe which he had in camp du- 
 ring wintertime, as thole that lay ingarrifonin the Brutians country, cameasfaras Gr««»ir«- 
 tstm in the territory ol' the Lucans, upon hope to recover the Towns, which for fear, bad re- 
 volted to the Romans. Unto the fame place the Roman Coff. making out his cfpials before to 
 difcov.r and cUerthc wayes, marched from Venujia, andabout a mile and half from the enemy, K 
 encimped himieU. The Carthaginians had fortified themlelves, and caft a trench clofeina 
 manner to the wislls of Grfimenium: and between the camp and the Romans was (omebalf 
 mile. Apliin lay inthe m'dft ; and on the left hand of the Carthaginians, and the right hand of 
 the Romans all along between, the bills overlooked them, bare and naked, and of neither part 
 fulpeded, by reafon that they bad no wood growing upon them, nor any lurking places to bide 
 an ambufh in. In;o the plain between they ufcd to put out certain bands and companies from 
 the Corpi tte guard of both fides, and made light skirmilhcs not worth the talking of. And it 
 fecmedthit ttiedti't of the Roman Confulwas to keep the enemy in, and not to fulfer him to go 
 biswayes. But ^«w;^o/dtfirousto begone, entred the field with all bis power in order of bat- 
 tail. Then the Conlul borrowing a little of his enemies cunning, for that in (o open hills there L 
 was lels fear and fufpicionofambufti, gave order that five Cohorts and Horfemen, teenforced 
 with as many bands of fobtmen, flbould fay night get over thole hills, and in the Vallies behind, 
 fu down clolely : with diredion to T. CUud'tu Afelltu a Colonel of footmen, and P. CUudtHs 
 a Captain of allies whom he fent to conduft them, at a certain time to arife out of ambufh, and 
 10 charge the enemy : himfelf by day light led forth alibis whole power as well foot as Horfeinto 
 the field. Within a while after, y/»«/^<?/likcwifcput forth the fignal of batf ail: and all the camp 
 over they Itt up a cry, running all about to their armour and weapons. Then Footmen and 
 Hotfemen both rullsed apace out of the gates who could be fooneft forth ; and fcattcred as they 
 were all over the plain, made haft to the enemies. Whom when the Conlul faw thus diforder- 
 cd, heconmandcd C. huruncuktm a Tribun or Colonel of the third legion, to pat out the Ci- m 
 valry belonging to that Itgion, for to charge the enemy with all the violence be could .• for that 
 like ftieep the y wtrc fo /pred over the plain without all form and falhion, and might be lurprifed, 
 dilcomfiied, and beaten down, before they could be brought into array and let in order of bat- 
 tail, hnmhd himlelf was not come forth ofthe camp, when he might bear the noife of them 
 fighting togethf r and hird at it : and excited with this tumult, he led in great haft all the teft of 
 his forces againlt the enemy. By thif, the vanguard and iorefront of his battail was frighted 
 with the Horlemen of the enemies : yea, and the firft legion of the Infantry and the Cavalry of 
 the right wing began to charge. The Carthaginians dilordered as they were, fought at a ven- 
 ture, as they chanced to meet cither with Footmen or Horfemen. The conflift grew hotter, 
 ly lealon of new fupplies and frefli fuccours, and cncreafed ilill by the number of them that N 
 continually ran out to the fight. And furely A««/^<i/, notwitbftanding this tumult and trouble- 
 lome fear, bad fet and marfhalled his men in good order as they were fighting (which bs:' been 
 no cafy thing to do, but that the army wasofold ibuldiers, and their Captain well e?f;7c:ricn- 
 ced and beaten to it) if it had not been for the fhoutof the cohorts and bands above-lsid, which 
 they heard at thtir backs, as they fiomtbe billsbehind ran downupontbem ; and let them in 
 greit fear, kft that they would thruft in between them and home, and io (hut them cur of 
 their camp. Hereupon I fay they were affrighted, and began to fl:e bete and there, But the 
 flaughter was the Ids, bscsufe the camp wasneer, and far they had not to run (hither and fave 
 themlelves in this their ft ai ful fright. For the Horfemen plaid upon their backs ftill, and gave 
 not over.- the cohcrts frcm the open Mountains ran eafily down the hill, and charged ci'clTe q 
 upon their Cdes and flanks. Howbeit, there were flain more than eight ihoufand men, and 
 above -co taken Prifoners.- nine Enfigns won and carried away : of Elephants alio (whereof 
 there was little or no ufe) in a (uddain and tumultuary skirmifli four were killed, and two gotten 
 alive. Of Romans and Allies, there died two hundred. The next day after, A»»/^4/ftirted 
 ror. The Romin C onlul having brought hisarmy forth into the field, and feeing none tocome 
 abio d .nd m^kc head againftbim, commanded the flain enemies to be difarmed and delpoiled, 
 
 the
 
 Thefeven and twentieth Boo^ofT, Livi us. 151^ 
 
 Atht fpoils CO be gathered up, and the bodies of his own men to be brought together into a 
 place and buried. For certain dayes after continually, he prelVed To hard at the camp gates, that 
 he wanted but lictle ofentringthither with banner difplaycd. In lo much as ^««//;rf/ac the third 
 watch ofthe night, leaving behind him many (ires burning, and diiers tents lianding, on that 
 l:deelpetially whiJi looked toward the enemies, and lome few Niimidian;, to make a fhew 
 upon the Rampier and at the gates J diilodged, andpurpoled togointo ^;>«//.f. The next 
 inorning by day light, the Roman army embattailcd, approai-hed the trtnJi and rampier. The 
 Numidians of let purpole fiiewed themlehes in the gates and upon the rampier ; and when 
 ihey had a good while dallied thus and played with the enemy, they mounted on Horleback, 
 and fpared no Horie-flefli until they had overtook their tcllows. TheConfulperceivino that 
 Ball was quiet within the camp, and lecing not io much as thole tew appear any where, who in 
 the mornmg betimes had walked iheir Hations, lent torth two Horlemcn into the campasefpi- 
 als. A'ter he undcrllood for certain that a.l was lafe, and the coalls clear, he commanded his 
 cnfigns to make an entry. And liaying no longer there, than whiles his louldicrs ran up and 
 down to pill andfpoiU he founded the retreat: and long before njght, brought his army back 
 again. The next morrow after, he let forward by thedawningof the day, and wiihlong jour- 
 rcis, following his enemies by the voyce of the country, and tracing them by their tootiicps, 
 lie overtook them not far from (■^L'mifia. There alfo was a fculling skirmilli between them, and 
 not fo few as two thouland Carthaginians flain. From thence A>i>i!b;ilz\ti marched by night, 
 and journied through the mountains, beeaiife he would sive his enemy no vantage offight,un- 
 
 Ctill became to AictapoKtitm. From whence //<i«i-o (tor he was Captain of the gartifon there^ 
 was fent with feme few in his train into the Brutians country, to levyanew army. Kt^A Anni- 
 ^../afterhe had joyncd thole forces to his own, returned again to Venufa, by the fame way that 
 became trom thence ; and fotorward he marched loCanHftuw. A^^>-i? never left the enemy, buc 
 was ready to tread on his heels, and as he marched himfelf toward Mai-pontitm^ he had lent for 
 i^. Fiihtiti to repair into the Lu^ans country, becaufe thofe parts (hould not be disfurnifhed of 
 defence. 
 
 In this mean fpace, there were four French Horfemen, -.and two Numidians, fcntto Annibd 
 with letters from .-Ijilruta/, iher he vyas removed from the fiege of PLtcenti.r. who having tra- 
 vailed inmannerall the length of /r^//, through themidsofthe enemies, whiles they follow af- 
 
 f) ter yl/jfiil'oi in h'li tci'ucvmo /i/ff<i/)o«f«w, milled of their way,and light upon Tdr^Kf/zw*: where 
 rhey wereencountred by the forragers ot the Romans that ranged about the fields, and by them 
 were brought before ^Cl-tudiM the Propretor. At the firlt they entertained him vrithflitn 
 flams, with doubtful and intricate anl\ve/s : but when the fear of the rack and other tortures, 
 had forced them to tell a truth, they^contfiled, that they had letters about them ro deliver from 
 j4[dmhal\.o AKHihal. With thofe le,tters fealed as they were,they were committed untoL.K;?- 
 gtnius a Colonel, for to be conveied unto Claudius the Conful. And two troops or Cornets be- 
 lidesof Samnit Horfemen were fent tp guard them. Sofoonas they were come unto theConfuJ., 
 and the letters read by an interpreter, and fome examination taken of thefe captives : then CUh- 
 d s conhderingthat the common- weal was not now in that good cafe, nor the occafion fuch, 
 
 E that each Governor needed no more, butto make war by the ordinary coutfe ofcommiflion, 
 within the compafs and limits of his own Prov ince, with the help ot his own army alone, and 
 againit an enemy alTigned unto him by the Senate : buc that fome unlookcd for adventures muft 
 be enterp:ifed, fome new delignments and unexpected put in execution, which when they are 
 begun and attempted, might make nolefs wonder and fear among their ©wn friends, that terror 
 among the enemies: and being once performed and done, mightturnthei'ormerfear into as 
 great joy and gladnes ; fent the letters of Afdruiuil to the Senat at Rome •■ and withal, himlelf ac- 
 quainted the Lords of the Senate what he intended to do. And for afmuch as yj/ci>-»^.?/ wrote 
 unto his brother to meet W\m\iaUml;r:a, he adiilcd them to fend for the legion at C»;p//^ to Rome, 
 to take mullets alio at Rome^ and to oppofe that army of the City, againll the enemy at Narnia. 
 
 F Thofe were the contents of his letters to the Senate. He dispatched likewifemeflengcrs before, 
 thtongh the territories of theL3rinats,Marucins,Ferentins,andPretutians (by whomhetreant to 
 lead his army) for to give notice, that all the inhabitants of thofe parts, fliould out of their Vil- 
 ]ai:e-- and good Towns, provide and bring forth victuals into the high wayes, fortorefreQi his 
 foiildiers ; alfotocome with their Cart-horfes, draught- oxen, and other beafts for carriage, to- 
 gether with wains and carts, that the wearied fouldiers might eafethemfelves thereby. Himfelf 
 out of his whole army, as well of citizens as allies, chofe torch the flour and moft picked men of 
 all to the number of lix thoufand foot, and one thoufand horfe, and gave it out openly, that he 
 minded to furprife the firlt City that he came next unto in the Lucans country, and withal, the 
 garrifon of Carthaginians that lay there : and therefore commanded them to be reidy for the 
 
 © journey and eNpcdicion. Thus when he had fet tbrward in the night, he turned his way-into 
 f:re>irim. And the Conful made no more ado, but with long jouinies highed him as faftashc 
 could and led his army direftly to his colleague, leaving^.T<«r/w his Lieutenant, to guard and 
 command the camp. 
 
 At Rome, they were no leffc terrified and troubled.thanthey were two years before, at what 
 time as the Carthaginians were encamped before the walls and gates of the City. Andmenwift 
 Hot well, what to tnake of this adventurous and audacious journey of the Conful, whether they 
 
 Ihould
 
 1-24 Thefe^en andmentietb BooJ{of T,LWms, 
 
 fliould praHe or dijpraile it. And it fectncd that they would meafure it and report thereof accor- H 
 din? to she event, than which lorely, there is nothing mote unjult and unequal. But thus they 
 whupeted, '' That the camp was leit with an army, and without their Geneial, neeruntotha 
 *' enemy jinmbJ yei, and the lame gueldedotalltheftrength and flour thereot- : that the Conlul 
 •'pretended an expedition into the Lucans country, when indeed he went toward f/Cfw^/w and 
 " Gallia ; leaving the camp by no one thing more late and lecure, than by the err.ur and miltsking 
 •' of the enemy, who is altogether ignorant, that the General is gone from thence, and part ol the 
 ^brccs with him. But where would they bethen, and m what raking fheuld the camp bejincalc 
 ««that were known abroad ; or it yi««/^<«/ would either with his whole army follow ahet JVero, 
 •'being gone with no more than fix thoul'and f or aflault the camp, left as it were tor a prey unto 
 '* hiro, without forces, without conduft, and without the fortune and good luck ofthe General to I 
 " proted it? The old defeats received in this war, the frtlTi remembrance of two Conlulsflain 
 *« but the laft year, encreafed mens fear. All which m'stortunes hapned, when there was \nJtalf 
 "•but one Captain General, sndonefingle army of the enemies. Now,ol one warof the Car- 
 •'thaginians there are made twain.- and two Anmbals (t% a man would lay^ be both at once in 
 *' //<j/7,right valorous and renowned Warriors. For even yijdrHbal aifo, was Amilcar bis Ion as 
 <■'• well as Annibtil, as valiant and redoubted a Captain every wsy .• as who for (o many yesrs to- 
 " gether in 5p<«/«, hath been exercifed in the Roman wars, and born tbenameof atchitvinga 
 '« twofold viftory, and defeating two armies, with two molt noble and famous commanders : and 
 « as for expedition and Ipeed in his voyage out ot Sfdin, and for raifmg the Nations of France up 
 " in arms, he may make his boaftnuch more truly man A>'r,hal hinoleit. For even in thole very K 
 «' placev, where Anmkal had loft the greater part othislouldieis, wi'h hunger and cold, ('which 
 ;«« kind of death of all others is moft milerable) this Afdrubal hath levied a power of armed men. 
 .*< Moreover, tbev that knew Sfain well, and the affj-rs which had palled there, laid befides^ That 
 " he had not to deal with A^««, as witha watriorWhomhe knciv not already ; for why ? he had 
 " when it was, made aCbildof A'frs, by a good token, That when Afdrnhul was by chance in a 
 « wood, and tould net get out, was put to bislhiUs; but whiles he tnhed out the time with Nero 
 *' in booking deceitful conditions and capitulaiions of peaces he fhewed him a coufening Cartha- 
 ^' ginian cait, gave htm the fair Hip, and elcaped out of b(s hands. And to conclude, in all theic 
 *■<■ dil'courfes a: Reme^ they magnihed every thing on the enemies part above ail truth, and debalcd 
 *' all their own means of help beneath Stl realon .• tuch was their fear, which intcrptetetb and con- £, 
 «' ftroetbaUtothe worik. 3 si 
 
 Nert^ when he had now gained lo rtuth ground, and was gone fo far from the enemy, as it had 
 The Tpeeeh of ^^^ mattered much if his dciigns had bten revealed and mttde known imto him.for any danger that 
 foul«iitrs " might er.lue ihcreif; called Ins loulditb hef(4fe bini^^iid fpite fomefew words to this or the like 
 efFc<*. » Never wastheic Of gnmeiit(qd.hc^'of any General in the held.in outward iliew more 
 <.<■ r-angeroo-.m deed add truth morelafc and lecureithan tfeis ol mine. 1 kadyou toa certain and 
 "afiuied v,do,}jcvcnrotoaf w... lioio'whichmy colidagui would nor go before the Senate had 
 *• allowed h m to his full contenrment, a greater power botbof foot and Horle,and the fame better ' 
 <'(et outano morelumr icd,tl anif he ihould Bare gone againrt A/.m bi»lh\mk\i : and therefore 
 «' what foe ver tmall poife and addition ot tof^ey you bri.ifg thereto, you fhall Iway thereby the j^" 
 '• whole, and is it were weigh down the ballance. '"'For When the enemies ready embatf ailed to 
 <'fighi,(liall bear (and bekre thai timC;! will take drdcr I trow, that they fhall not hear^thatano- 
 " ther Conlu) andanofberarroy is coaic, nodcubt theday will be ours, and they fhall yeeld us the, 
 "viftoty. font is a fame & nameon!y,»bathghteth the field & dcterminethbattails. And (mall 
 '*' matters maiiy times cairy away the game, and caufe mens minds bcth to Ifoop for fear, and to 
 <' rife with hope. And venb ,df a welitought field jou are tb?y that fhsllreap thefruii & gain the 
 "glory. For alwaycs it is (ee*i,that a little help that comethUlt,is mcic ihan all bcfide.s & feemeth 
 " totfteft thc^Wbolc. And you (ee your lelves,with what concourle, with what admiration, with 
 •*' what affcdionatfsvour all men doentcrtam& regard you by the-vay^ndin very rrmb, as they 
 mttcHcd along in their joufrty, it Was a world tofee, how both men & women Hucked out of all N 
 the villages of the countrey tolcethem, how they fortcd themklves: inro companies & degrees td 
 vvelcomcthem, and how as they palled asit were in a hnc through them^tbey made vows in their 
 name, they poured out their prayers m their behalf, & dealt pailes amcnglhcm : calling them the 
 Tery guard & defence of the Cominoo v-cal.theraviours & redeemers of^Joajc & the Roman Em- 
 pire : acknowlrdg!nf> that the lives and liberties of tbemici vci and » tieir childrtn.lay in their right 
 ij3nds,and depctided upon the force of their arms .• pra) mg to ali the gods and goddefles- and to all 
 thefioly halo ws of heaven,to voucbCatc them a lucky juuiney a fortuna- fight,and^fpeedy viiSoty 
 over their enemies :wi(>iing heaitily,thatfh' y mrghi bt b^und andcovidemned (as it were) to pay 
 and perform thefrvows.which in their n.iinc they had oiidcr'akcr & p omiled.-defiringeaixeltly, ., 
 that as now they went along, & accompanied them with caitful minds for fear of the peril which M 
 they wentuntojfoafiet few dayes they might inec. with them upon the way with joyful hearts,as 
 they refill n with Tiiumph lor their vifttory. Every man for himi'elf in particular invited them 
 friendly, offered them Ifankly, entreated and befought thcmimportuiatiy, that allfbir.t;s whatio- 
 ever tbcy (food in need of cither for themfelves or their t ealts, thpj would receive at his hands 
 efpecially, as being ready to afford them all moft liberally, heapful. and with 1 he better. The ~ 
 iouldicrs agaiOj) for very modefty flrove to take no more than was very needful acd neceffary, 
 
 no
 
 The [even and Wentietb Boo{of T. Li vius. 535 
 
 A no iiay they woiiid make with any ,nor one jot depart from their colours. Their meat they took 
 by the way asthey went,journeymg night and day,and fcarce allowing chcir bodies re[t and Heep 
 to concent their weak nature that looked for it. Now had JVero fenc atore-hand to his brother 
 ConUil'crtainCoiirriers, to give hiinadiertifemcntof hiicorfiing and to know again I'rom him 
 his mind, whether he iliould come openly or le.recly, by day time or by night, and lodge in one 
 camp with him, or in another .ipart by himfelf. Llzins his advice was, and he thought it the bet- 
 ter of the twain, to enter into his camp, dofeiy inihenighc fearon,and had j^ivena watch-word, 
 and made it known throughout <?11 the camp, that every M.inlial and Colonel fli ouid lodge .t 
 M-'Tilial or Colonel,e'.ery Centurion entertain a Centurion, every knight cr man of arms receive 
 aknightorhorfeman, and every footman take unto him a footman into his pavilion and cabbin. 
 J For it Wis not expedient that the camp fFionld be enlarged and fet out wider, for fear that the 
 enemy might take knowledge of another Confulscommg: and fo much the moreeafily might 
 many of chem be bertowed in the Oreight room of their pavilions, becaufe the army oi( I.i.-J-hs 
 hid brought in manner nothing with them in tliisexpediiion, fave their armour only. More- 
 over, in the very way as they came, the company was well mended and miK'h enaeafed by 
 many voluntaries that offered themfelves willingly of their own accord, as well old fouldiers, 
 fucli as had fcrved out their ye^rs as young and iuliy nnen : whom Chudiin perceiv ing fo to drive 
 for to have their names enired ifliefaw themperfonab.e andlirongof body and like to do good 
 fervice. had cnrelied into the mulkr book. 1 heothcr Confnllay encacfiped before * Se;7a,ind * SenaMglla, 
 yijd'-:il?J fom>: haf mile from him. And therefore Xn-o^ being now appro. hed and come neer, 
 C fat him down ■ lofe among the mountains, becaufe he would not put himfelf withincamp before 
 night. And when they were come thither ,they were welcomed everyman according to his de- 
 gree, by them of iheir own place and calling,and brought into their tents ano pa. ilions and with 
 « general joy of all friendly entcrt.iined as their loving guefts. The next day following ihcy aflem- 
 bled together tocounfel: at which meeting, L. Porcnis Licinius thePretor was prefent : who 
 was himfelf en :amped dofeunto the Confuls leaguer. He before their coming, by leading his 
 army over the high places, and one while keeping thenarrow ftreights of the forreii to impeach 
 and Hop the pjflages, another while charging upon the flanks and hacs orelfe upon ihc back and 
 tail of the enemy, had by all thedevices and policies of war, mocked him and kept him play. 
 This man, I fay, was at the forefaid counfel. Many men there were of opinion, that the day of 
 rj battel Giould be deterred foratime^ whiles Mro might have feme few dayes refpice, both to re- 
 frefli his fouldiers, wearied with long travail and much watching, and alfo to know the qi/ality 
 fomewhat better of his enemy, Nero not only perfifled dill to perfwade, but alfo began molt 
 carneftlyto intreat , ^' That they would not by long delay make that defign of his to feemraflt 
 *' and dangerous, which fpeedinefs in exe.uiion had madefafeandfei.ure, Conudering, that 
 ''whiles A wbal., upon ignorance and error f which is not like to continue long with him) 
 *'layftill afieepandbenummed, neither on.e thought upon it, toaflailthe camp left withouta 
 "Generah nor put nimfelf upon the Way, to make pnrfuce after me; now before he on.elHr, 
 *'Imay (quoth he) defeat the army oi Afd-ntbd, and return again into ^pW/.?. But he that 
 "by deferring Ifill, giveth the enemy time and refpite, betraieth afmuch asliech in him, the 
 j: "■ camp unto Anmbal, and laieth the way open for him into Ga'.li.^, to joyn with AlJ.r-tibalix.W\s 
 •■' good leafureandpleafare. Nay (quoth he) the fign.il of battel mull be given forthwith, and 
 " we mud into the field. We mull, 1 fay, take the vant,ige and make the beR of the error and ig- 
 *'noran>;eof our enemies, both abfcnt there, and prefent here: that neither they with AnnV at 
 '■ may knowthacthey are to deal with fewef, nor the'i: again bewarc,that they are to fight wiiK 
 " more in number, and ftronger in power. Thus the counfel brake up, and thehgnalof b.utel 
 wasputforth,andprefently they went into the field. Tl;e enemies were already advanced in bat- 
 tel array, and Rood with difplayed enfighs. The only (hy of joyning in fight was this.Thst Af- 
 ^>-«/'<i/ riding out with fomefew Horfemen before the enligns, chanced to mark fome old targets: 
 of his enemies which he had not as yet feen, and their hlorfes more lank and loan, thanearllbe- 
 p fore. And (as hegueffed) the number alfo was greater th:n ordinary and ufual. Sufpeiiling there- 
 fore, that w hi- h was indeed, he founded the rctrett in all hall: ; and fent out prcfendy to the ri- 
 ver where theyufed to water,to fee if they m.ight either light upon fome j: catch them prifoners, 
 or at lead- wife take good mark: by chcir eye, whetherany of tbem haply were higher coloured, 
 or looked funburnt, prefently upon their late travel. Alfo he gave them commandment toi'idc 
 aloof about theircamp and tofpie whether the rampicr wereerlaf;ed or fetoutt?rtherin any 
 place, and to lilfen attentively whether the trumpet founded fmple or double v/ithin the camp. 
 When all other circumft ances befidcs were related in order affirmatively, only the not en'argfng 
 of the camp, put them bytheir hint, and gave the occalion that they were beguiled. Two fever- 
 all camps they were, like as before the coming oftheConful: the one belong' ng to .<?/. Litwx, 
 G the other to L. Porcim. And in neither of them were the r.impiers and trendies fee out any jot, 
 whereby they mi,oht put up more tents. and quarter theml'elvcs in larger room. But this one thing 
 troubled this old experienced Captain, and acquainted fo well as he was with the Roman ene- 
 mies thn his efpials brought word how inthePrctors c.imp they founded the trumpet on. e,and 
 Jin the Confuls twice. For furely that was an evident argument that two Confuls were there. And 
 in thinkint^how the other (.onfulhad departed from /Innibal S: given himthe flip, he mightily 
 tormented himfelf.And hecould nocfu!'pe6f& imagine that^whicH was indeed therruth,naifiely, 
 
 that
 
 ^ Q 5 T'hejeven and twentieth Bcoi{ofT. Livius. 
 
 ihat AnnibJ was. deluded and mocked in a matter ofio great mornent, as to be ignoram w hat H 
 was become of the General, or of the army, cowhichhelay fo clofeand.neer encamped. Surely 
 (thought he) and without all queliion, he hath received no imall foil and overthro\v,and in this 
 fright dareih not make after and follow the enemy. Nay, he feared niuthj lelt all were loli and 
 oone, and that he ftiould not come time enough to help and luccour him : and that the Romans 
 had "Otten already the fame good handin7r<s/;, which they had before in %t<». Otherwhiles 
 he was perfwaded, that his letters never came to Anmlal his hands, that they wereincercepced, 
 and To the Conful made haft to prevent him, and give him the foil by the way. Being perplexed 
 wichthefe careful cogitations, he caufed the fires to be put out, andatthefignalgivenatthe hrlt 
 watch, to trufs up bag and baggage, and to diflodge,and be gone. In this fearful haftjand nightly 
 tumult, the guides whiles they were Tienderly looked unto, and fmall heed was taken of them, I 
 one of them fat down and re(kd clofe in a fecret lurking hole which he had before deliined in his 
 mind ; the other waded over the river y9/^f,<7«>-«^jthrough thefoords that he was well acquainted 
 with, and fo got away and made an efcape. So the army left at random v\ithout their guides, firft 
 wandied over the fields, and thendiverfeof them being weary and fleepy wJthoverwatching, 
 laid them down along here and there, and left their colours with few about them, ylfdrubal 
 commanded them to march along the bank of the River, andtofoilow it, uniiltheday-lighc 
 might dired them the right way : and fo going a compafs in and out according to the winding 
 reaches and cranks ofthe RiverjWandred a great while^ and gained butafmaii ground lorward. 
 Now when day light on:e appeared, he purpofed to fpie cut the firft place for convenient paflage 
 and there to get over. But finding no foords, by reafon that the farther it wasfrom the Sea, the g 
 higher were the banks from the water that kept in the River, he fpent all the live-longday, and 
 gave the enemy time to follow after him. And firft Claudius Nero came with all the Horfemen, 
 then Vorcius followed hard after with the van-courriers,and light armed footmen. Whiles ihey 
 made offer to charge their enemies in their march, everyway, and plaid ft ilhipon them, info 
 much as now yifdrubal leaving to journey forward ('wherein he leemed rather to flee than 
 march) was defirous to take a little hillalong the river fide, and thereto encamp and foitifie: 
 Livius was come alfo with all the main power of footmen , fo armed and lo orderly appointed 
 and marllialled, as they were not only provided tom.irchin journey, butready aUoprelently to 
 givebattail. But whenthey were all joyned together, and aranged in b.utail array, C/.w^/«.f had 
 the leading of the right wing, I./z/«; commanded the left, and the Pretor took the charge and ][, 
 conduit of the mainbattail, ^p?-«^j/ feeing no other remedy but to fight, neverforcifiedhis 
 camp ; but in the fore-front before the vanguard, and in the very mids,placed his tlephants : a- 
 bout them in the left wing he oppofeth the French againftC/<!«^'«^ J not fo much trnfting upor> 
 them, as fuppohng verily that the enemy was afraid ot them: and in proper perfon he took up 
 the right wing againft L;z.'/«.f for himfelf and the Spaniards, in whom ("being old beaten foul- 
 diers) he repoled his moft hope. The Ligurians in the mids were beftowed behind the Elephants. 
 But thebatcail was rather drawn out in length, than ftretched forth in breadth. The Frenchmen 
 were defended with the hil. that bare out over them. That front which the Spaniards kepr,en- 
 countred with thelefc vvingof theRomans. And all the battail of the right f.de, which bare out 
 from the conflict, ftood ftill and fought not. The hill that was oppofite againft them, was the j^^ 
 caule that neither afront, nor aflank, they could charge upon the enemy. But between Livius and 
 A'drulal there was an hotfigiit begun already, andcrucl bioudflied on both fides. There were 
 both the General Captains : there was the greater part of the Romans, as wellfoot asHorfe: 
 there were the Spaniards, old and experienced Ibuldiers, skilfidl alfo in the Roman manner ot 
 fight: there were the Ligurians, a tough nation, and hardy in fight, Againft this battalion were 
 the Elephants turned, who at the firft Ihock and onfet troubled and dilordered the vanguard, 
 yea, and began to force the enfigns to give ground. But after upon the noife that grew sreaterj 
 and the battail that waxed hotter, they began to be unruly, and travers between both battails, 
 as it were doubtful to whether fide they belonged, much like to fiiips left hulling and Acting 
 without their pilots and fteers men. Then C/jW/^^ cried out efifoons to his fouldiers: TowhatJiJ 
 end quoth he,m?.de we fuch poft haft, and took fo long a journey ? But feeing that he laboured in 
 vain to advance his banners and mount up againft the hill oppofite nnto himjand perceiving that 
 way how it was impofl'ibie tocome unto the enemy and to enter upon him, he drew forth cer- 
 tain cohorts out of the right wing where he faw they were liker to ftand ftill thanto fight, and 
 wheeled about behind the enemies battail,and fo unwares not only to the enemies ,but alfo to his , 
 own men, he charged upon the left flank of the enemies : and he beftirred himfelf fo nimbly, that 
 when he had fliewed himfelf on the fides, prelently he plaid upon their backs ; in fuch forr, thac 
 now on all hands, aflroiit, behind, and on their flanks, down went the Spaniards and Ligurians, 
 and were hewn in pieces, yea, and the execution reached to the very French. There, with them 
 was leaftado,andimal.eft fight of all : for a great many of their fellows had abandoned their co- q, 
 lours and being flipi away in the night,lay aflcep all over the fields : and luch as were there, weary 
 withtravailaud vvatchingfas havingbodies that ofal! things cannot away with labour and pains 
 iaking)were fcarce able to bear their corlelets on their backs, Behdes,now it was high noon; and 
 what with droughts: heat together they ftood gaping for air & yeelded their bodies either to be 
 maflacredjor taken captive. As for the Elephants there were more of them killed by the hands of 
 the governors acdguiders that fate uponthem,than by the enemy that fought againft them.Foe 
 
 their
 
 The [even and tn^entietb Boo{of T. Li vius. 5 :^ 7 
 
 A (heir minner wis to have about them a Carpenters cbidel and a mailer, and when the beads be* 
 gan once to rage and to run upon tbeir own fellows, their maflers would (et the faidchilTel be- 
 tween their ears, even in the very joynt where the nape of the neck and the head meet together, 
 and with bis millet to drive it as hard as he could .* this was bund to be the readied and moit I'pee^ 
 dy way to kill io mighty and huge a beaft, when they were part ail hope to rule them and keep 
 them in order. And the firli inventor and praftifer of this feat was ^fdrhbn/, a famous and me- 
 morable Captain, as in many other rcfpei^s, fo efpecially for tb^s batcail. He it was that held oat 
 to the end, exhorting his louldiers to fight, fighting ilfobimfelf, ind adventuring ill dangers.' 
 he it was, that when his men were weary and drew bick (by reafon of long toil and labour^ in- 
 cenlcd them again, one while by fair words and intreaty, another while by iharp checks and re- 
 
 S bukes .• be reclaimed them again when they were running away ; he renewed the fight in divers 
 places when it flaked and gave over. And at the very lalt, when he law evidently that the ene- 
 my had the honor of the day, bccaufe he would not remain alive afterlbgrcat an army defeated 
 that followed his (fandird, and were induced by the reputation and name that went of him, he 
 let fpurs to his Horfe, and rode among the Squadrons of the Roman HorleiTcn ; and there, as bc- 
 I'eemcd AmilcAn fon, and y^«»»^<«// brother, fighting right manfully, was flain. Never during 
 the time of this war in one field were there fo many enemies killed: anditleemcdnowthat for 
 
 • lofTe of Captain and overthrow of army, they might well cry quittance wiih them tor the defeat 
 »tCan»£. Slain there were 56000 enemies, 6400 taken pnfoners.* ands richbooty and pil- 
 lage gained of all forts, befides gold and filver. Moreover, there were recovered of Roman 
 
 (^citizens above four tboui'aDd, who had been taken prifoncrs, and were among the enemies. 
 That comfort they had to make amends for the (ouidiers that died in this battail; for they won 
 not the vidlory without bloudfhed in this field, wherein tothenumberaltnbttof eightfhoufind 
 Romans and allies together, loft their lives. And the Conquerors themfelves had lo much their 
 fill of bloud and fliugbtcr, tint the next morrow, when word was brought unto Livitu the 
 Conlul, that divers Cilalpine Gauls, and Ligjcians, which either werenot althebattail, or 
 cfcapcd out of the execution, and were going away in one company all together, without* 
 certain Leader, without Enfigns, without any order or command, and might all be put to the. 
 fivord and utterly dedroyed, if there were t5ut one cornet of Horfemen lent out after them, 
 •' Nay, quoth he, let fomeren ain alive to tell the news both of our enemies loflfeand tuin, and of 
 
 Pj " our own vertuc and valour. And Nere the very next night after the battail, marched with 
 more Ipeed backward, than he came thither, and within fxdayesreiutned again fo far as to his 
 Handing leaguer, and the enemies. All the way as he marched, he wasnot indeed to refortei 
 unto and frequented by (o many men, by reafon that there went no harbingers or meffengers 
 before." butbiscoming was welcomed, with fo great glsdncfs and mirth, that for very joy, the 
 people were welneer bcfides tbcmlelves. As for Romt, it cannot be uttered andexprcfledin 
 words fufHciently, how men were aflfeftcd the one way or the other .• neither how penfive the 
 Ci y was in dou6ifu! expeftation of the event, nor how joyous and jocund again, upon the news 
 and tidings of the vidory. For never one day (" after the rumour once was blown thither, that 
 C/«««<i/«i the Conlul was gone forth in bis expedition) from the fun-nfing unto the letting, de- 
 
 £ patted either Senators out of the Councel-chamber, from attendance upon tbeMagilhats, or 
 the people out of the Common- hall. The dames of the City, becaule other help they could 
 yceld none, betook themfelves to their b;ads and devotions, and in every Church went up and 
 down, and plied allthc Gods with prayers, with vows, and humble fupj^ications. AstheCitjr 
 was thus perplexed and in i'ufpence ; firft there came lome flying news, that two Horfemen of 
 N-*rnia weie comeout of the battail, and returned to the camp which lay to guard and keep the 
 freights and paflagcs of /^w^;-/4jWbo had brought word thither, that the enemies were defeated. 
 At the firft, they ratberlent their cars to Iieir thelc tidings, than bent their minds to entertain the 
 fame; as being greater than they might in heart conceive, and more joyful than they could afTured- 
 ly believe: andthe txcctding iwiftnes of the rumor hindrcd the credit thereof, bccau'eit was 
 
 p reported withai,that the battel was foujbt but two dayesbeiore. Then were letters brought from 
 L. AUnlittt yicdifius, (cni oui of the camp, which confirmed the arrival of thofe Horlemen of 
 Narnit. Thofe letters were brought through the common place, unto the Tribunal of the Pre- 
 tot .• whereupon thi: Lordsof theSenat werefent forout of theCouncel-houf.-. But the people 
 •kept fuch a thrulfing and thronging acout the door ofthe Senat, that the melVenger could not paflti 
 thither, bu.t was baled and pulled by the people, queftioning withhim, and calling hard upon him, 
 that the letters lliould be read at the matketcrols, and intbe A'o/?r<i , before they were opened 
 ill the Senate. But at the lalt, they were rellraincd by the Magiflrais and cauled to void, and 
 fairdly could the joy be contained among lo unruly people, who had no meafurc nof rule of their 
 atfeitions. Well, the letters were firft read in the Senat, and then in the affembly ofthe people: 
 
 G and there, according to the divers difpolitions of men, feme took joy and contentment of mind, as 
 upon a certainty : others would give no credit, before they either beard the meflet'gers fpeak di- 
 rectly from the Cnnluls, or law thsir letters. Alter this, word came, that there were Embaffadors 
 themfelves at hand. And then indeed, there ran to meet them, of all forts, young and old, every 
 oncdefiredtobe the fitft.tofccand to bearthcle lo glad tidings. And they went out lo far as the 
 bridge Mtlviut, »nd all the way along, was full of people. Thefe Embaffadors or meflengers.wora 
 l..rc[nrfMt Phlc, F.LicffjiMs rarms, Q,Ccct(int UettU/is. Wbo being accompanied With people
 
 538 J- he eight and mentieth Boo\ofT. Li vius. 
 
 ot all dfgrffs and qualities, that flecked about them, caire as far t% 10 ibt C( or, iron place: fcmeH 
 quellioned witbibctrfelves, otheis er.quirtd cftheirtiain and tttirne, \«bat r,ews,andhow tbe 
 .World wCDt. And as any one had caught an end fiom thtm, that the arwy ard Captain General 
 ot the enemies was ilain, or the Reman legior.s fafe, and the Ccnfuls alife and well, be would 
 jmmediatly impact bis joy unto 01 bets. Wuchadobadtbey toconeinto the <r»r/(», and mote ado 
 tberc was, to l<eep out the multitude, that they were not mingled amorg the Lords of the Senate. 
 But at latt the Istters were read in the Serat, From thence were the Embaffadors brought into 
 ibe general afltmbly ottbe people. And L.feiuriHi after he had read the letters,expiaintdbim- 
 felHrom point topoint in order, bow everything was done, with great applauie jsndaherwards, 
 with a general Qiout of all the afltmbly, who haidly could conceive in tfceir minds fo great joy. 
 Then they ran divers wayes, lometothe Temples of the Gods to render thanks, othetsto their i 
 own houles, to communicate with their wives and children (o lucl<y and fortunate tidings. And 
 rhe Senat decreed a lolemn prcceflicn for three day es together, forasmuch as M. Ltvitu and C. 
 CUudtM the Confols, with the lafety ofthc legions had vanquilbed the enemies, killed their Ge- 
 neral, and put their army to the fword. This procefTion C' Hcfiiltu* the Pretor, publifhed in the 
 open affembly of (he people.- and it wascelcbratedand folcmnized both by men and women. 
 All tie Temple? tor three daycs luljy, were likewife replenilLed with the one kx and the other. 
 For th; Matrons and Damss of ihe City, in their befl apparrcl,together with their cb"ildren,yeeld- • 
 cd praii'e and thanks to the immortal Gods, asif now c bey had been freed from all fear, andthe 
 war come to a tinai end for ever. This vidory altered the very ftate and courfe of the common- 
 weal, lb as fiom that time forward, asintimeoffetledpeace, men dut ft make contracts, buy and j^ 
 i;ell, borrow and lend, yea, and pay debts to their creditors. 
 
 C. Clauditu the Conlul. lo loon as be was enjred into the camp again, ciufed the head of ^f- 
 ^r»^<?/(vjbich he hadpreferved with great care and brought wuhhiaij to be thrown out before 
 ihi^ Corpide gKardi.nd{xii\ov\i ci the enemies, and that the Affiican captives, fhould be fhewed 
 bound as ihty were m chains .• and two of thtm to be lent loofeunto Annibalt to dtciaie aod re- 
 count in order, how every thing hapned. j^»>t>l>al hiving at once received this double blow, 
 dcurnipg as wellfor the publick lofleoftheftate, as for the calamity hapned in his own houL-, 
 fetched a deep figh fby report J and laid : Ah, Hec well the hard fortune of ^<jrr/j<-^f. And di- 
 flodgihg from thence,becau'e he would bring together all his forces (which being diiperfed alun- 
 der, he was not able to hpld and maintain^ into the utmoft angle of ftal;, (the Brutians country) t 
 be brought thither as well the Mctapontins, even the whole Itate of them, who abandoned their 
 own To>vns and Cities, as allothe Lucans, as many as wer? lubjedunto him, and unaec his obe- 
 dience. 
 
 n 
 
 The eight and twentieth Book 
 
 Of the Hiflories cfT. Livius of Padua, from the Foundation j^ 
 
 of the City of Fvomc, 
 
 The Breviary of L. Vlortu upon the eight and iwencieth Book. 
 
 TH'E- p'Ofpfrotaaff'airs iaSpaln^underttecoKduUpfSyllinas the LieuteKHKt of Scipto, andV, 
 Scipio hti brother^ atchtevd a^ain^ the Cunhagimans : as alfo the aUs performed ly Sulpi- 
 tius ihe Pro-caKfi4l,a>td Attalus the King cfAGi ^the icfs] tn the ejuarrelandhehalfof the ^y£toltaHS, 
 cgataft Philip Ki»g of the Alacedonianj, are reported atidfet doxvn [m this book^] tvhtn there was a 
 triumph decreed^rtdgranttd unto M. LiviUS WC. Claudius Nero ;^ffCo«/«//.- Livius, becaufe he JQ 
 bad performed the exploit tniis ervn Province, rede in a chariot drAwn ivtih four Heeds : andNeto^ 
 bis^ufe he cam: into the Prezince of hn coUtAgne^ te help forv^ard the vtEtory, rode after htm moun. 
 fed OH herjebacl^: Hewtett even thxi, It' thi^ habit and WAnner ef triumph^ he carriedthe moreglo. 
 >'7i fort^and rtverir.ce : for tefay a truth, inthts war he had done more goodfervice than hii brother 
 ConfuL. 1 h'ifit e trent out '« , ic chapfei e/ Vcfla, b) negUger.ce »fa f^ngin, that had the keeping and 
 tending thereof^ and locked no latter unto tt, Ihejaid Virgin was rveH whipped. P. Scip'.o^«»/^f<i 
 the rear in Spain agn ir.fi ihe Carthaginians^ when it had coxtmHedfourtcu years : and ie the fiftyear 
 lifter that he ueKt from il eCtij e/Rome. u^nd having dijfeizedthe enemies ejuite tfthepeilejfion of 
 Spain, he rcceveredit wholly for the Romans, From Imcon he loofed,w>ih'two barl^,and filled imo 
 Aftrick urto bj phax King of the Namtdians, with whom he-concluded a league, Aldiubal the [on cf^ 
 ^J^gOj/"' ^'■^''^ ^"^ him at one table, and thcjfupped together. He exhibited a game andpafiime 
 ofjwcrd-plav'ng at «fw- Carthage, i» the honor of his father and uncle : and the fame was r.ot perfor- 
 v.c<lbjcQvtm»AJCNCirs aidfword-^layershnedthereto^ but by fuch as either for ihe honour of their 
 {^aptai»,or to determine fame cont rover fie, gave defiance one to the ether, and entred thelifis in com- 
 vm: Among rfhom.iwn ^reat LL, ofihec(.untry,wbo were brethren, fottght at (harp fcr i he fcveraign- 
 tj oft he K.,ngdom. Wtm the Ciij Aflaps was btfieged and afailed by the Romans^ the Townsmen 
 
 eaufed
 
 The eight and twentieth Bool\^ of TXiviuS. 536 
 
 M cm fed a mighty file ef wood, to he wade, and'fet on fire, and when they- had killed their wives and chil" 
 drert^fhey threw themfdies headlo-iq into the fire ^fter them. S-, ipio himf If., whiles he l.iy qrievonflj 
 Jick^t and there hafned by occafion thereof .1 mHtiny to ar:fe in one firt of .ns army-, when he iv.u ame?j~ 
 dedonce^Mitde an end thereof: aid Cornpelicd the States of i>m'm( that mtutned ) tn come in and yield 
 cbcdjence aqatn. There wot lil^vife an amity andfociety cotciud'.d rvith Mjlinifla, K"rf of the Nuni- 
 diins: rvho tJso promifdhim hts aidet in afe he Would com t ov^ri^io Atirick : ^nh the G.idtians 
 alfo-iafttr the d.-partttre ef Mago from theyjce : who hU recevid letters from Ca» thage, th^'t hejhould 
 p.ifs t he feos into lialy. Sicipio, after he rvas rrtftrned toRomi, w.u cr;at.dC'i>:ftd. Andwhen he 
 madefiiteto have the Province (,/Affrick, Q..Pabius Miximos rvuhjio d him : a d [0 he hadthege- 
 vernment of Sicily : but with comrn-ffiort to fit I over into Art"Kk »•? c.f- he tho:icijt tt good for the 
 
 5 Common-weal. Mago the fan of Amilcar from the lefer Bule.ire ifl mdfwhl're hi,- had ,vii;trcd^tookjhe 
 feas and faded over into Italy. 
 
 The eight and twentieth Boo'^of T. LivLis. 
 
 WHen it feemed that Spain wis eafed as mu; h of wii,ns Jt^ify ih rged therewith, 
 by the voyage of ^/(ir/<Wthicher: behold,all of a ludden there, ;ro:cbt!:.cr trou- 
 bles there.equall to the formtt. And as for the Provinces.of Spu^i u th t time^ 
 they were poiVelVed between Remans & Carthaginians inthis manner, ^-:fd h' U 
 ^ thefon ofG//"^o>was retired with His power far within the country, even to the Ocean and u des^ 
 ' But the coalis bordering upon our Tea, and in manner all i'pij/^ bend. ng toward the £alt^was held 
 by Scipio and fubjeft to the Roman Empire. Hamo the new Gener<(i beirgpafled out of jdffnck. 
 Kviihafrefli army, and entred into the room of A fdr/ibal the Barchine, joyced with M^go: and 
 when he had put in arms within a fliorttime,a great number of meninilVn^fr/Vj, whi.h liethin 
 the midft between the two leas ; Sapio fent forth againd him ; M.Sytlamu made ten thoufand 
 foot,and five hundred horfemen. This SylU':Hs made fu.h fpeed by taking as long journies as pof- 
 fibly he could f'confidering how mu:h hindred and troubled he was,both by the roughnev; o. the 
 waies,and allbby the Hraights.env ironed with thick woods, and forcclls, as moft parts otS^j«)j 
 are) that notwithllandlng all thole difhtuliies, he prevented not only ihe mcffengers, butalfo 
 P the very fame and rumour of his coming, and by the guidance of certain fugitive revolts out of 
 CV/t</'fr<^,he paiTed forward from thenie to the enemy. ^ By thef?.me guides he had intelligence, 
 and was for certain advertil'ed ( being now fome ten miles trom the enemy j that about the very 
 way where he fliould march there were two camps : namely, on the left hand the new army a- 
 bovefaid of Celtiberians,tothe number of mori^ than nine thouK;nd lay encampedjand theCat- 
 thaginians on o.,e right. As for this Leaguer it was weldetended and fortified with corps de guards^ 
 which watch and ward both night and day, according to the good order and difcipline of war. 
 But the other was as mu h neglcAed-diflolntejloofejand out of order, like as commonly barba- 
 rous people and raw fouldiers sre, and fuchasfear theiefs, by reafon they areat home within 
 their own country .St llanus thinking it good policy to let upon them firft, gave commandment to 
 p mar:h under their enfigns and colours.and bear toward their left hand as ranch asthey could. for 
 'fear of being difcovered in fome place or other by the guards and Sentinels 6f theCarthaginiansi 
 And himfelt'inperibn, having fent before cettainvanr-courriers and elpials, with his army ad- 
 vanced apace dircdlly toward his enemy. Now was he approaihed v^'ichin three miles of ihem 
 unefpied,and notdcRriedat all. For why ?a mountain country it was,fullof ronghsand crags, 
 ovetfpread and covered with woods and thickets. There in a hoilow valley between, and there- 
 lore fecretfor the purpofe, he commanded his fouldiers to (it them down and take their refe£H- 
 on. In this mean time the efpiahcame back and verified the words of the fugitives aforelaid. 
 Then the Romans, aftertheyhad piled their packs-.theirtrnlTes and baggage in the midll, armed 
 themfelves, and in order of battcll fei forward to fight. W^hen they were tome within a mile of 
 p the enemiesjthey were difcoveted by them, who began (uddenly to be aftraid. Ma^o at the firll 
 outcry and alarm, fet fpurs to his horfe, and rode a gallop out of his Camp to fuccour. Nov« 
 there were in the army of the Celtiberians,four thoufand footmen targettiers.and two hu; dred 
 horfe. This Troopbeing in manner the flower and very flrength oi the whole army, and as ic 
 were,a full and compleat legion he placed in the vanguard; all the relt, which were lightly armed, 
 hebeftowcd in the rerew.ird tor to fuccour and refcue.As he led them forth thus ordered and ar- 
 ranged they were not wellifl'ued without the trench, but the R.omans began to lance their jave- 
 ^ns and darts againft them.The Spaniards to avoid this volley of fhotfrom theenerfiies, couched 
 clofe under their fhields,and dek-nded themfelves, and afterwards ihey rofe iTp at once to charge 
 aoain upon them. But the Roinin^(l?nding thick astheir manner is, received all theirdarts ifi 
 G their targets,"3rtd then they doled man to man and foot to foot, and began to fight at hand witH 
 theirfwoids. Howbeit. the ru^gedne's of the ground, as it nothing availed the iwiftnefsofthe 
 Cekiberians f whole guile is to run to and 'Vo in skirmifli and keep no ground ) fo the fame was 
 rot hurt*'ull at all to the Romans who were ufcd to alctbattell, and tolfand to their fight ■• only 
 rhe ftraight room,and the trees and fhrubs growing between parted their ranks and files alunder, 
 fa as they were forced to maintain -kirmiili either linaly one to one.or two to two at themoft.a? 
 it' the y had been matched to cope together even, And look what thing hindered the enemies in
 
 r^o The eight and mentieth Bw^o/T-Livius. 
 
 "iheir flight, the fame yielded them,as it were, bound hand and foot unto the Romans, for to be H 
 killed. Now when all thele targettiers wel-near of the Cekiberians were flain ; their light armed 
 {ouidiers,ar.d the Carchaginians aifo,v\ho from the other camp ran to fucconr, were like wife dif- 
 arraied d'ifcomfiied and hewn in pieces. Sotbereweretwothoufand footmen, and not above, 
 and ail the horfemen ( who fcarce began battel!; fled with Mago and efcaped. As for H.mno the 
 other Generall, together with them who came lift, and to the very end ofihefray. was taken 
 alive. But Mai_o fled (fill : and .ill the Cavahy,with as many as remained of the old fooimen fol- 
 lowed afterjan'd by the tenth day arrived in the Province of Gades:,zn6. came unto AfdrnbJ.lhc 
 Cekiberians, that were but new fouldiets, fliptintothe next woods out ofthe way, and fo from 
 
 thence fled home. . n-r, j . 
 
 This fortunate victory hapned m lo good a timC: not fo much if ified the prelent war m the vc- I 
 ry birth, as it cut off che matter and maintenance of future troubles in cafe the enemies had been 
 let alone, and fuffered to foUicit and ftir other nations to take armes, like as they raifcd the Cel- 
 tiberians already. Whereupon, Scipo having highly commended SjlLmus, and conceived great 
 hope withall to difpatch quite,and make an end of the wars, in cafe himfelf lingred not the mat- 
 ter,and made Ion" (iay ; purfued the remnant behind, and fee forward into the urmoft Province ' 
 of Sn /wa^ainlf A[drubal. But Jfdml^al, who hapned then to lye encamped in ' Bceticaioi lo 
 keep his Allies in obedience and faithfullalleageance, all on a fudden diflodged, plucVt up ftan- 
 dards,and away ; and more like one that fled than marchedjled his army farther inro the reuntry, 
 even as far as the Ocean, and to Gada. But fuppofing,that fo long as he kept his forces all toge- 
 ther, himfelfwastheonlymark which the enemy would fhoot at, before that he cut over tneK 
 ftraiohts ot G>brJtar to G ^des he brake up his whole army, and fent ihem away here and there 
 to their feverall Cities, both to fave chemtelves within the walls,and to defend the walls by force 
 of arm?. Sc/p/cfo foon as he perceived that the war was thus divided into fundry parts, and that 
 to lead'about his forces from City to City, was rathera long and tedious peece of work, than 
 either difficuk or much availeable. retired back. But became he would not leave that country 
 dear inthehandsof the enemies, he fent his brother L.Sc/p/o with ioocofoot,and icoohorfe- 
 frien- to aflail the mightieft and weakhieft City in thofe parts, which the barbarous people call 
 Onnqit. This City is feared in the confines of the MeUffi ( a nation meer Spaniards ) the foil 
 fruittnll,and the inhabitants there find filver mines. This was thefortrefs of Afdrakil, and hi* 
 place of lafe retreat, when he made outroads all abroad into the midland countries of the main j_ 
 and fpoiledihe people.L«c/«* Sc/p/o having pitched his Camp undertheiaid City, betoreihathc 
 entrenched and blocked the town, fent certain to the gates, who by parting near at hand, mighc 
 feel and found the difpofitions of the Citizensjand perlwade with them to make tnall of the Ro- 
 mans friendly alliance, rather than their forcible violence. But perceiving by their anfwers no 
 mind at all nor inclination to peace,hecaft a trench, and railed a double rampiir about the town, 
 and divided his army into three parts, to the end that one of them fViould ever follow the aflauit> 
 whiles the other twain took reft and eafe. And when the firft troop and regiment of them began 
 to oive a camifadojihere followed a fierce,cruell,anddoubtfullskirmifh. For they could notea- 
 fily^eicher come undet the vvalls,orbringfcaHng ladders to fet to, by reafon of the {hoc that light 
 upon them. And fuch as already had reared up ladders to the wall, fome of them were pufhed off ^^ 
 wkh certain forks pr6vided for that purpofe, others were caught hold of with iron hooks trom 
 above, and were in danger to be hung up in the air, hoifed aloft, and fetcht over the walls. Sci- 
 pw feeing that the coftfli6t was unequall, by reafon of the fmall number of afl'ailants, and that ihe 
 enemies^had the advantage befides,in that they fought from the wall top ; caufed that firft regi- 
 ment to retire, and with the other twain at once gave a frefh affauk to the town. This ftroke fo 
 ereat a fear into them who were already wearied with fighting,that not only the town men lud- 
 denly abandoned the walls and fled, but alfo the Carthaginian garrifon fbuldiers, tcr feir left: 
 the City was betraied, forfook alfo their ftations and places of guard, and gathered themfcives 
 into one place. But then the townfraen were aPfraid, left if the enemies put themfclves w if bin 
 ibeCity, they fhouldbemaffacred every whereas they came in their way, withoiitrefpedt .ind ^ 
 difference who were Carthaginians, or who were Spaniards, Whereupon they fet one g.ne open ^ 
 on afudden, and in great numbers ran outof thctown, bearing their targets before t htm a- 
 gainft the darts that vvere (hot afar off, and (hewing aloft their naked right hands, in token thac 
 ihey had laid afidetheirfwords. But whether the enemy could not well difcern them fo tar off, 
 or whether theyfufpefted fome crafty and deceitfull prif^ice, I wot not, but they fell upon ihefc 
 that fled and yielded unto them,and flew them downright, as well as if they had aftronted them 
 in the face of a batteil, and at the fame gate entred the City with bloudy banners. Id other puts . 
 likewife they fell to hewing down the gates with axes, and tobreak them open with crows of 
 Iron. And as every horfeman got into the City, he rode amain^according to the diredi^ion given 
 by the Generall ) into the market place,io bepofl'effed thereof. Ar.d to thefe borfemen were al- _ 
 lignedthe Tr;>;7 for aid and alfiftance. The Legionary fouldicr? befidesran over all the other 
 parts ofthe City,fpoiling and killing all that ever they met,favefu;h as defended themfelvcs with 
 theirarmour. Allthe Carthaginians were taken prifoncrs and committedto ward, likewife of 
 townfmen about three hundred, fuch as had fhut the gates; but ur-io all the reft the town vvas 
 rendred again, and each man had his own g©od> delivered and reftored unto him. There were 
 fiainac the affault of that City, of enemies almolt two thoufand ; bHt of Romans not above 
 
 fourefcore
 
 The eight and wentmh Booh^ of T.Livius. 
 
 j\ fourfcore and ten. As by the winning of thetown.they that were imployed there took great joy 
 and contcntmenc Mo in their return to their Gcneriil him elf,ar;d the reli of the main army,they 
 made a goodly lliew aschey marched with a mighty mu:i;cudeof priibncrs led betore them. Sci- 
 ;).'(7 having prail'ed his brother m the moH honourabiere:ms thathei.ould devire,3nd namely, for 
 this exploit offor>.ing Or/^.v, making him equ^ll in ;. icry to himfelf for ihci-onqueH of Cartha^:: 
 becaufe winter drew oo,th at he eouid reithcrgi etiieactempt upon 6'.?£/« nor yet follovv ^t once 
 upon the army of .-jfdruUU fo diipered a? it was in lundry p^rcs over the Vio\ ince, conducted 
 his forces back again into the Province of S;)<i.'«,that licth on this tide Ihe.'us : and when he had 
 dilmifled his legions into their feveraiiliand.ng' amps t) winter in, and fent his brother L.Sdpia 
 to Rome-, together with H.imw the Genetaii ot thcenemies; and other Gentlemen prifoners, he 
 
 5 withdrew himfeil to 7 araco». 
 
 In the fame year the Roman Armado bemg fet cut under the condu£lof the Admir:li c^. 
 Vdlenus L£vifinsthe'Pto-ConM, made a voyage from S;c;/, into -<f/fr.'fi^, ard torr„i;cci ali o\eC 
 the Territories of Utica and Carth.ijrc, infomuch a» they drave booties out nf[^c^ cry u:mo(t 
 Confines of the Carth.iginians, and even about the waiis of Iftiai. As they failed back for Sici/yy 
 ihey wereencountredby the Carthaginian f^eet, confitiingof feventy longfnips of wrr where- 
 of feventeen were boorded and taken, four funk in the deep fea, the reit wnc put to flight and 
 .difperfed. Thus the Roman Captam /^.i/i?//^/, after vi^ories atLhiev cd both ly fei and land, 
 returned with ri. h prizes of all forts to Lifyta.im • and hereupon by tea.on that the icas were 
 open and cleared of the enemies fliipsj great If ore and abundance of gram was brought i6 
 
 Q Rome, 
 
 In the beginning of that fummer wherein thefethingshapned, /'.Wp/nwthePro-Conful,?.n(l 
 King .^/f<j/«i, after they had wintred in e/£^;«*t, as is abovefaid, with a joiiuiri y p^Ht-d over 
 from thence Into the Ifland Lemnos. The Romans were twenty five Gallia^es of fr. cranks of 
 oars, and the King had thirty five, PhiHf for his part becaufe he would be ready at ali r.fl"aies to 
 meet withtheenemy either by landorfed> went himfelf in perfon down tothefea-f.de, as f,;r as 
 VemetriM, and made proclamation, that all his forces fliould by a certain day meet together at 
 Larijl.t. Upon the fame that went ot theKings coming, there repaired uindry Hmbaffies trom 
 che confederate States of ali parts unto Dfwffr/^f. For the/Etolians having taken heart unto 
 them, as well for the fociety with the Roman3,as upon the coming of Attains-, waif ed and fpoi- 
 
 rj led their borderers. And not only the Acarnanians and Bccotians, and they that inhabit Eubocay 
 were in great fear, but alfo the Achxans ; whom over and befides the war from the yEtolians, 
 Mtichan-dM alfo the Lacedxmonian tyrant terrified, who encamped bimfelfnot far from the 
 confines of the Argives. Allchefe States made report what perils were like to cnfue both by fea 
 and land to their feverall Cities, and befought the King his aid. Moreover there came unto him 
 out of his own Realm no good tidings of peace and quietnefs, for that Scerddetus and Pieftratm 
 were gone out and rebelled : and of the nations of J hrace^ihe Med: efpecialiy were ready to in- 
 vade the frontiers adjoyning upon M.'.cedony^ in cafe the King fhould fortune to be bul-.ed and 
 occupied otherwife in any long wars. The Bccotians likewifethemfelves, and othernations in- 
 habiting the more inland parts of Greece, had given intelligence, thatthepalTages ofthe torreft 
 
 E Thermopylae whereas the narrow gullet of the freights yieldeth fmailp^iiage, were flopped up 
 by the ^Etolians with a trench and pallifado, that it might give no accefs at all unto Piv/ip, fot 
 to come and defend the Cities ot the A'lies. Thus many troubles coming f.ift and thick one up- 
 on another, had been able to have rouzed and awakened even a fleepy and flow Captain, and 
 made him to look abouthim. Thefe Embafladors he difpatchedand fent away, prom'ifmg eve- 
 ry one of them help and fuccour, as time and occafion would permit: and wiiiing them each 
 oneforthe prefent to provide thofe things that were moll urgent and important. Tbenhcfenc 
 a garrifon unto that City trom whence new came, ihn ylt ruins having paflcd with a l^eet from 
 Lemnos.hid vvafied and forraged all the territory about it. And he lent Pdyphantcs with a fmall 
 power into BceotLi, znd Afc>iipptis\iktm(s , one of his own Captains and Cavaliers, untoC/W- 
 Tpcisy with a thoufandtargettiers, czWtd Pelcui, ('now the Pi//u; are certain fmall bucklers or tar- 
 gets, nothing unlike unto the Spanifh Cetrt) unto whom were joyned five hundred jEnians, 
 that they might be able to guard all the parts of the Ifland : himfc.f in perfon went to Scotnfa, 
 and there he appointedthe Rendz^vouz. that all the forces ofthe Macadonians fliould be brought 
 thither from ' Liriffa. News came unto him there that the iEtolians had fummoncd and pro- *la>?x^«,or 
 claimed a generall Diet or Councill ai Hrr^dea, and that King ^rf.;/«; would rcpaire thither '•"'x"' 
 to confult about the managing ofthe whole war. And with an intent by his fudden com- 
 ing to trouble this folemn afTembly and meeting of the Stares, he took great journeys in his 
 martch, and led his army toward //iv.ic/u* : buttheCouncill was newly diflolved when hear- 
 tived thither. Howbeit. he dedroyed all the Handing corn, which was near-hand ripe, 
 
 G Ipe'-'ially in the vale along the Guiph of the Anians. and fo reduced his army bark againto 
 Srott'fr. and there leaving his whole power, he retired himfelftoD^ww/.w, attended only with 
 his royall guard. And.becaufe he might from thence be ready tomect with all Inddenflirs 
 andinvafions of the enemies, he fent out men of purpofe into Phocii ■, '' Ey.la.u znd' Pipa- * [igrepente. 
 7-cth.iSy to chuf?* oot certain high places for beacons, from whence the fires mightbefeen afar * Lcnene.Nign 
 off. And himfelf fet up one watch tower upon Cif^os ( amountain. the top whereof is of an ^r s-djijuiw, 
 exceeding height) that upon the fignall ot the beacons on fire from afar, he might in the minute *^' "'' 
 
 Aaa 1 pf
 
 S4- 
 
 I be eight and wentieth Boo\of TXivius. 
 
 of ?n hour have intelligence, fofoonas the enemies weni about any trouble whatfoever. But h 
 tne Roman Genera ll,and King ^«^/«5,pafled the ieastiom Peparethw to AT cm, and from thence 
 failed with their Amado to En aa-^ unto the City Or?«w, whiihasa mm beareth hiscourfe 
 from the eulph ot DcwetnM to Chdcis and * Enrtfw, is the firH City of Euba-a that (heweth ic 
 feif upon the leit h.ind. And thus it was agreed between .,4tM/«j and Sttlpttius^ that the Romans 
 fliould "i. e the affiuit from the fea fidcaad the King with his forces on the land. Four dales af- 
 ter ihe fleet was arrived. they prefented themfelves before the City to affaii^ it. For, that time be- 
 tween was fpcnt in fecret talk and conference with PL-tor, who was appointed by Philip gover- 
 nor and ProvoU of the City. The City had within it two Cit3dels,the one commanding the fea,' 
 the ot^er^iluatein the very heartand midlt of the town. From thence there is a way under the 
 cround that leadeih to the fearat the end whereof there flood a fabrick or tower five (lories high, I 
 a hn-'ular bulwark and place of defence. There at firlt began a moll fharp and crnell conflia, by 
 reafon that the turret was well furnillied with allkindof fliotand artiiiery: and likewifetrom 
 out ot the fliips there waspbnted much ordnance, and many engins bent to impeach andaffault 
 the lame. Now when every mans mind was amuzed^and eye fixed upon this hot and eager hght, 
 Fl.-.tor received and let in the Romans at the gate of the other Cit^deli that flood over the fea, 
 and fo in the turning of an hand it was lurprized and won. Thetownfmen being expelled and 
 chaled from thence,rctired and betook themielves into the middle of the Ci ty unto the other for- 
 trels But certainfouldiers were fet of purpofe there to Chut the gate upon them •• and fo being 
 excluded^thcy were killed and taken prifoners in the midfl between. The garni on ot the Mace- 
 doniansfl'oodroundtogetherundertheCaflle wall and neitherfled openly am 'in nor yet began K 
 lofiohtiasif they mcantto fliiktoitunto theend. For vvhomP/.ifcr obtained pardon of S«/^;- 
 tius^znd havingembarkedihemjbrought thtmio Demetr.um ofPAf^/o/Afjand there let them a- 
 fliore,and himrdf returned to .t/rf.-/«^. .• , r -. j • . , • 
 
 Sulp-t.us bearing himfdf bold tor this fo good and ipeedy fuccefs, immediBtly failed with his 
 vi61orir.us Armadoagainft Chdcis. Where the event in the end am wered nothing unto his hope 
 and expeClaiion. The fea lying broad and large on both hanus, gathereth in thatplai^e to a nar- 
 row room,fo as'at the firfl hsht ic makeih a fliew of a double peer or bav en opening upon two di- 
 vers mouth'i,butin very truth there isnot lightly to be found a worfe harbour^and a more dan- 
 gerous rode for fl-iips. For not only for the ex ceding high hils on both fides of themain, the 
 winds aril'e fuddenly and blow blulierous, but alfo the very flraight it felf of Emipns ebbetti not L 
 and floweihfeven times in the day, as the voice goeth, at certain let and ordinary houts ; buc 
 without all order- as the winds drive the fea turneth and rolleth hither and thither, working up 
 and down, and like a flovring I' re^m runneth forcibly and with great violence) as it were, down 
 aUeephill: fo as neither night nordaythe fliips there riding have any refl and repofe. Asthe 
 Roman Armado was thus engaged within fo dangerous a rode: fo the town of the one part was 
 env ironed with thefea and on the land-tide furely fortified ; befides thedefence of a ftrong gar- 
 rifon there and the aflnrc-d loyalty of the Captains and principall heads and rulers; whereby it 
 wasLhiefly "utrded, whi. h aiO f;<w wasbut vain, fickle, andunlkdfafl: by means whereof ic 
 was tenable^and impregnable. The Roman Generallin this cafe, conhdering how he had begun 
 a rafli enterpril'e and feeing many dith ultieson every hand wrought wifely yet in this one point^j^ 
 ihit lie foon"ave over, becaufe he would ipend no time in vain, andp.ifledover with his fleet 
 from thence to Cy«KS of Loots ( a town of Merchandife belonging to the City of Opnsy fituate 
 a mile from the fea.) Phhp had warning by the bescons on fire that appearedfromOr^/iw: buc 
 by the fraud of PLitor^Cas. other were with the latefl fet a burning from the watch-tower above- 
 faid. Andforafmuchashewasnotflrongenoughatfea, he could not with his navy have eafie 
 accefs into the Ifland.So that fervice was delated and altogether neglected. But he beflirred him- 
 felf quitkly tothefuccourof Chdcis^ lo foon as ever he elpied the fire from the beacon. Foral- 
 ht\iChdcis it felfbe aChy of the fame lfland,yet it is divided Srom the Continent by fo narrow 
 an arm of thefea that there is no more but a bridge between it and the land : and on ihatfideic 
 hath'more cjfie accefs than by water. Philip having dilleized the gairifon there, cafl down thcj^ 
 fort and difcomfited the JEtolians who kept the flraight paflageof I'hermopjU, came from Deme- 
 trias to Scotufajtom whence he departed at the third watch; and when he had driven and chaftcf 
 the enemies in great fear to Hcraclea^ himfelfin one day reached to EUtia in Phoci^:, a journey 
 above <5o mil??. The very fame day in manner the City ofOpmitiiWis ukenhyK.jdttalus zndpui 
 to the ranfai k. The whole pillage thereof, Snip-tins had granted ro the Kitig, in regard that Orenm 
 a few dales before was Ipoiled and rifled by the Roman fouldiers, and the Kings men had no 
 fliare with them. New wis the Roman Armado retired lo Oremt'ind A tal -snoiwareof Phtlip 
 his I oming, fpent time in exad'ng monies from the chief and prinapall Citizens. But fo fudden 
 and nnexpe6>ed was this acudent of his approach, that had notcertainCretenhans by good hap 
 cone forth a forraging far from the City, and defcried the march of the enemies a great way off^Q 
 he might have been overtaken and furprized. yJ«^//« unarmed ardour of order as he was,made 
 hafle&ran amain to the fca-fide for to recover the fliips. And evenashe and his men were loohng 
 from the land and lanching into the feaj PhilipamQ, and from the very fliore put the mariners 
 and failers in great fear. Fmm thence he returned to Opus., crying out upon God and man, and 
 blaming his ill lurk, that he had miffed fo narrowly the opportunity of fo great an exploit, and 
 let it ''o, as it were, fnatched out of his very eye. In the fit of anger he reproved and rebuked 
 ** the
 
 The eight and trt^entieth Boo\ of T.Livius. 542 
 
 f^ ihe Opuntians,for that being able to hold out the fiege until! his coming,fo foon as they flw the 
 enemy they prefently had yielded themfelves in a manner voluntary into his hands. VVhen he had 
 fet things in order at OfM and thereabout he took his journey to 1 orone. jittdm at the hrli re- 
 tired himfelf to Ora/w: but upon the news arrived-ho\v PrufiM the King o\ Btthyni.i had invaded 
 the frontiers of his kingdom, he left the Roman aftairs and the /Etoiian war, and from thence 
 failed over direftly into Afni.Suipitius alfo retired his navy unco ty£gin.'.. from whence in the be- 
 ginning ofthefpring he had departed and taken his voyage. And /-'/>//'/) forced and vion.oro>ie-y 
 with as fmall ado as Attains before had taken Oj)ns. That forelaid City Torone was inhabited by 
 certain chac were fied and driven out of Thches in Phchiotts, For when the Cicy was taken by 
 PI}ii:p.a.Tii they fied for proteilion unto the jfitolians, ( to whom they recommended andcom- 
 
 B mitted thcmlelves)the jttolians gaveunto them that place to feat theml'eh es in bein^ a City wa- 
 Hed and in manner dcfolate by the former war of Phdij-,. Then PhU.p having re. o-.ered Toroic 
 again,as is aforefaid, departed trom thence, and won iritDm!rnd.r.dDrymas^ two Imallandbafe 
 towns of no acioiint in Dni^, From whence he came to ELitiity where he had^nvcn command- 
 ment ,that the EmbalTadors of Ptolomcus and the Rhodians,f!iouid gi. e attendance until! his com- 
 ing. Where, as they were treating about the making an end of thc/£colian war C for^'tmnch as 
 thofcEmbadadorsto the fame effeit had lately prelenced themfelves at HeraclcA, intneCouncill 
 ' and affembly of the Romans and .£tolian^^tidingscame, that M,ic',:,::;:idAi purpofed and deter- 
 mined to fet upon the E!eans,as they were preparing to exhibit the foicmn Olympian -prnts. Phi- 
 lip fuppofingitgood to prevent that, courteoufly anfwered the Embafladors and gave them their 
 
 Q difpatchM'ayingthat as himfelfwasnotthecaufeofthat war fohe woii'd nothindcr andflaythe 
 conclufion of peace upon any equal! and reafonableccnditions.And fo with a power lightly ^p. 
 pointed he marched through /?Q?of;;« to ^^^.t^r and from thence went down to Co?-/;?f/;: where 
 having furnifhed himfelf with viituals,hemnrched forward to Phlios^ Phanetts. And being now 
 come as far as lo Erc,i^ and bearing there that .I/*2r^'rt,7/'(;//?/ upon the rurnour of his coming tor fear 
 was fled back to L.;ced<tn;o>i, he returned to tyE^ium.^ unto the general! Diet and Countil of the 
 ylcl:£i : fuppollng withall,that he fliould find there the Punick armado, which he had lent for to 
 comethittier,becaufe he might be able to do fomewhat alfobylisa.But fome few daies before the 
 Carthaginians had failed over into Phoctej, and from thence were gone to the havens of the A- 
 carnanians, fo foon as they heard once, that AttaliiS and the Romans were departed from Ore- 
 
 j) Mw, fearing that they would makeouc after them, and left they fhould be overtaken andfurprifed 
 within ^/;/«w, which is the very mouth of theCorinthiaDgulph./'/3;7.'p verily grieved hereat,and 
 was wonderfully troubled in mind, feeing what hafte focver he made himfelf in all his emprifes, 
 yet he came too fliortand effe6led nothing in duetime;as if fortune in taking s!l things out of his 
 very eye-f»ght,had deIuded,difappoinced,and mocked a!! his fpeedinefs and expedition. Howbeit, 
 in that folemn Diet and affembly, he diffembled his grief, bit in his paffionate affeftions, and thus 
 with an haughty mind he fpake and faid, '^ That he called both God and man to witnefs,tbat he 
 " had forlet no opportunity of time nor vantage of place, but when and wherefoever he heard but 
 *' any inckling of the enemy, and the leaftruftling of armour, thither he had made allhaftethat 
 *• pofffily he might: but he could hardly devifeand conceive, whether himfelf were more ventn- 
 
 £ <• rous in feeking war, than the enemy nimble and quick in avoiding the fame.So Attains At Opus, 
 " fo Salpitias at Chalcis-, and \o the other day AiAchamdM efcaped out of his hands and got a- 
 
 «i 
 
 *' the enemies hands, that they confefs thereby, how they are not able to make their partsgood 
 *' withus.-and Idoubtnot but fhortly I fhall atchievethe viilory of them ,and the event and for- 
 *' tune of their fighting with me,fliallbeno better than their prefenc hope. The Kings allies were 
 glad to hear him fpeak thus. Then he retired unto the Achxans, Ercn and Triphylia-iind delive- 
 red again .ilipbcra unto the Megalopolitans ; for that they proved by good evidence, that it be- 
 
 F longed by right to their territory and confines. Thus having received of the Achians certain 
 fliips, to wit, threeCalliaces or Carvels of four banks of oars, and as many gallies of two ranks, 
 from thence he cut over to Antic}y£. And then with feven Carvels of five ranks of oars, and 
 moiethan twenty barks befides, which hehad fentinto thegulph ofCo>-;»fA tojoyn with the 
 Carthaginian navy, he made fail to Erythre in tyE-olia^ nearunto Ettpalittm^ and there disbarked 
 and landed his men.But the /Etolians were advertifed aforehand of his arrival and coming afhore: 
 fora'lthepeoplethat inhabited either thecountry towns and villages,ortheCaftlesneartoi'or/- 
 danta and Ap-iHonia-, were fled into the mountains and woods. As for the cattell, which in that 
 hurry and hafte thatthey made could not bedriven away with tbemthofe theypreyed uponand 
 bronght them to the fliips. With thcfe and all the reft of the booty hcfenc A'ic/^ the Prxtor of 
 
 G tbe A-hx.ins- to tyEgi-.-.m^ and lent forward to Cori-nh •■ and from thtnce he commanded that the 
 land forces fliould be conduced and march by land through Baotia : while=; himfelf failing from 
 CrwWjalongthecoaft of httia, above the point or cape of 5««/«w, paffed even through the 
 tnidft of his enemies armados,and arrived at C/Wc/V. Then after he had commended the Citizens 
 there for their fidelity and vertue, in that neither fear nor hope was able to change and turn their 
 rcfolute minds and exhorted them for the time to come-to continue ftedfaft in their alliance and 
 allegeance,if they mide more reckoning of their own fortune, and loved it better than the con- 
 
 Aaa 3 ditioti
 
 p^ ^l^^ dg^^and twentieth Boo\ojTlAvms, 
 
 diuqnofthcOritans 3rd rheO;).wf/i; be failed from C''j.^/«* to 0/,.-»w, And when he had commit- h 
 led the f '• err rr.H ^^i tV cScue.and the guard of the City, unto thofeprincipall Citizers, who 
 chofeton- vi.cn ihe City was lolt, rather than to yie;d themlelves unto the Romans, himfelf 
 p;;". J. over from Eula.i umo De/netrias, from whence at thefirlt hetook his voyageto the aid 
 and fuccour of his friends ard Allies. After all this, having appointed and fet out at C^ifaudrajt 
 keels for an hwndr>;d lorg (hips of war, and taken up a number of fliipwrights to finifli out the 
 re(T ot tlic woi:k:fct iiv tiiat all Greece was now in quiet,both becaufe Attains was departed from 
 ihen.e,and alfo for t^rat himfelf had in good time iuccoured his allies and confederats,who were 
 in feme uouble and dilbefs, he returned back again into his own Realm, for to make war upon 
 
 iheDardanim?. . , r m • y rr y- , ^ . 
 
 In the latter end of that fummer, wherem thele affairs thus palled in Greece, when Q^Fabitu I 
 J1/.rv,w«j[he f.uhcr being fent as Embaflador from M.Livius cheConful unto theSenac at Rome^ 
 hadbron-^ht vvcrd and madereport,That the Conful judged Z.,/'<7w>« with his legions to befuf- 
 Hcient for'^the Province of Fr^w«,andthathimfelf might well be fpared,anddeparc from thence, 
 and [he Conlular army withdrawn out of thofe parts : the Lords of the Senatgave order and de- 
 termined that not only M.LiVius-, but C.C/^;^^'«ialfo his Collegue, fhould return to the City. 
 This difference only between the one and the other appeared iu the decree, in that they gave 
 dire6tion, that the army of M.Livius fhouidbe brought home, but the Legions of /V/^reniould 
 remain liiil in the provincejind be oppofed againll v4>?»;/'d/. The Confulsby entercourfe of their 
 letters pa(rin=^ between, agreed thus together. That like as they had with one mind and confenc 
 made war and mmaged the affairs, fo, albeit they were in divers parts far afunder, yet they K 
 flioutd meet inoneplace, and at one time make repair to the City of ^owe: and that whether of 
 them twain came tirtf to Prenefte-, he fhould there attend the coming of his Collegue. And it 
 fortuned fo, that they arrived both upon one and the fame day at Prenefte. From whence they 
 fentanedia before, that the third day after the Senat {hould generally alTemble together in the 
 Temple of BcIIo>:a: and fo they were met upon the way with a multitude ot people, who accona- 
 panied them as they returned into the City. And they were not content all of them in generall to 
 I'alute them and welcome tnem home,but every man vvasdefrous particularly to take the Confuls 
 by their viclorius righthandsrfomewiih congratuiations,wifhing them joy.others with thankf- 
 enircr, acknowledging that by their good means and vertue the Commonweal was preferved 
 and leTupri'^ht. Now when they had related in the Senat houfe (as the manner was of all Gene- L 
 rals ) what°a6Vs they had atchieved, and withall demanded, that for their valiant and faithfull 
 fervice to theCommonweal firft due honour fliould be rendred to the almighty gods, and then 
 they themfelves allowed to enter the City in triumph: theLL. of the Senat made anfwer, Thac 
 they for their parts were -e^dy and willing to conf.der firft and principally of the merits and 
 ooodnefsof thegods, and nxc and immediaily of the good deferts of the Confuls: and as they 
 decreed divine p'rocefTioni ard fupplications in the name of them both,fo they granted triumph, 
 as wel' to the one as to the other. But the Confuls^becaufe they would not divide their triumph 
 f lince that they had managed the war? with one accord and common confent ) thus agreed be- 
 tween themfel^es, Tnat forafmudi isthebattell was fought within the Province of M.Uvius, 
 and the very day of the field fou^iicic fortuned to be his turn to take the fign ofbirdSjand to have m 
 the entire rule ; and bef de;, the army of Livtas was brought back and came to Rome alreadyjbut 
 that other of iV^jo could not be r^-mo'. ed out of the Province: therefore M.Livius fhould ride in 
 a chariot drawn with four lieeds into the City, with his fouldiers following after and C.C/^W/«j 
 prefently come after mounted on horieback without his fouldiers. Thus the triumph was com- 
 municate to the one and t.ne other- and encreafed the glory of them both i butefpecially ofhim, 
 who the more that he exceeded hi: Collegueindefert, the more he yielded and gave place unto 
 him in honour. '' Lo faid every m.n,He thereon horfebuk travelled in fix daies fpace the whole 
 "length of /«'. // from one cud to the other, and fought the very fame day with banner difplaied 
 " a-amll Ju,.>^l),i/\n^G.r.lvihen a- Anmb.il thought verily he lay encamped againft him with his 
 " army in Wp«/'.t. See how one and the fime Conful, in the defence of the one part of Italy and j^ 
 *' the other ar-ainlt two C^P' ''"5 n.-y .gainll two noble Generals of two armiesjin oneplaceem- 
 i[, <' ployed hisadtite and copnfe 1 and in another oppofed his body and force of arms. Behold ( fay 
 ^^»M37f- ' • <cjj^g J^^^g^.gfy^,3^^,nJ,neo'.'.V.•rowasfufficienttokeep yi»>?/^.j/ within his camp: and what was 
 ' l'tlimm,\ *' it elfe,thatdifcomfited and defeated jfd k'j.iI but even his only coming? Let the other Con- 
 ■.uipecceof cvfjji thei;efprebeietuponhigh, and rid inacha iot drawn with as many horfes as he will ; all 
 ilvcr coin a- .^ ^yj,j|^ ^1,^^ ^^e trnc triumuh mdeed pafleth throu-h the City upon one horfe only. Nay,ifA^fro 
 ITm ".he 'i went but on foot, he would be memorable for ever hereafter, as well for thcrefufall of glory in 
 urthpart.f f <hat triumph,as for the winning of honour in that wir. Uirh thefe and fuch like fpeeches they 
 r>.:i!,;r;w 1 con. enterc,-ined JVe'ro asthcy beheld him, and fo accompa-ied him even to the very CapitoU. They 
 .-.in.ng two ^j-Q^^^^; jj^fy the Treal'ure-houie of the City in coin * thirty hundred thoufand * Seftertih and 
 ?'l"nd is*ot: Jooo^o Atfos, Amon^ the louldiers,.1/.Z./w«; divided * fix and fifty Affes to them apiece. AndC. 
 Pr^liftimo- ' c7-/<<iJ«/ pvomifcd as muih tohisfouldiersthat were jb'em upon his return to the army. This 
 ..y ihrec b»lf ^,,(,5 notod and obicrvtd in the triumph, that the fouldiers uttered more ditties ard rime-; full of 
 : u:cc fanning p[gj,^„j conceits and \d\s { as their manner was ) upon C.Chudius than their own Conful : and 
 ''""'n, /id tbat the gentlemen and horfemen highly extolled and magnified above all the reft LJ^etMrius, and 
 'u ' * Q CVn//wMhetwo Lieutenants, and exhorted the Commons to create them Confuls againft the 
 ^'' nexc 
 
 O
 
 The eight and tn^entietb Bool^ of T. Livius. 545 
 
 A next year: likewife,that the Confulsfor the time being,confirmed this prerogative choife ande.'e- 
 dionofthofe gentlemen, with their own alTent and authority the morrow alter, in a trcquencaf- 
 lembly before the people, giving honourable teliimony ot the valiant and taithfull fen ice of 
 thofe toreiaid Lieutenants in that war. 
 
 Now thetime drew near oteledion of new Magiftrates: and when it was thought good by 
 the Senat.that a Diilator ihould call that folemn aliembiy for the laid eledion ; ( . CUndnts the 
 Coninl nominated ;orDi6tatorhis Collegueyl/.L."y/«.(. And Lmft> named ^. CVr./wr General of 
 the horfemen.So there were created Conluls by A/.Ltviftsihe Dictator, Z>.rt'r«r/;/j-.and O^.CecUi- 
 «^ even he who then was General! ot the Cavalry. Alter this, they went to theciettion of the 
 B Prxtcrsand chofen there VitxtC.ServilmSyM.LiCilms Metetlns.,! .Cl.uidms yife'dus-, and i:>^.Ma>i- 
 liHs Thuritis^ who then was i£dile of the Commons. 
 
 When thefe ele>!rHon-; were hnifhed, the Didatorhavinsj rel'pned up his offi.e and difmifled 
 the armyjby \ertue ofanaitof tneSenat tooKhis journey into the Province Q\T::[c.i.iy.v^ fit in 
 comminion and make enqniry, what Jtates either o; the Tufcans or Umbriansjntended and plot- 
 ted to revolt from the Romans, and to turn to jfdr'.ti^nl at his coming into thofe pare; : anc! 
 who they were that had aililied him either with auxiliary louldiers,or with viil:iul-,or with any 
 aid and help vvhatfoever. And ihefe were the a^fts for that year, as well at home as abroad in the 
 war.>. 
 
 The great Roman Games were wholly renued and fet out again three times by the vEdiles of 
 C the chair, C»,5<f>-W/»i Cdoio-^nd Serv.Corndms Lentiiliis. Likcwife the pafiimes and p]aies,called 
 Plibtii^ were once fully renued and exhibited again by Ai. Sempronms Atith, and Q^ ALinlins 
 Thur:»Ms,jE(ii',es of the Commons. 
 
 In the thirteenth yeat of the fecond Punick war, when L.yaiirins Ph.l j,and Q^Cccilitt! Afetcl- 
 /«^wereConiuls, both of them were appointed by the Scnat to make war upon /i?w.//-<»/in the 
 Provin.e of the Brutii. Which done, the Praitors call lots : And to A^.Cecilrus Meteil;is kli the 
 juriidiiVionotthe Citizen> ; to^.M.;////w,oftheforreiners.C.5(r»-W.'//jhi5 lot was to govern Si- 
 cily,ind ! ,0 =tid'i4s Sardinia, h? for the armies.they were divided in this manner: one ofthe Con- 
 ix\\< had thecondudofthat whi:h was under C C/<i'(^/«i the Confm ofthe year bctore. The other 
 Coniul had the leading ofthat('namely.,two fulllegions)which C, Claudius the Pro-Prxtor before 
 D commanded. yi.Livmsi^ Fro-Conful, whofe government was prorogued tor another year, re- 
 ceived the charge of twolegions of voluntaries in Hetruna., atthe hand oiCTerentins the Pro- 
 Prxtor. And QMiirilitis was appointed by a decree of the Senat to deliver over his jurifdi,ftion to 
 his CoUegue, and to take the charge of Gallta with the forces there ; whereof L. Porcius the Pro- 
 Prxtor was Captain: andhehadincommiflionto waRe the lands of thofe Gauls who were re- 
 volted to the Carthaginians upon the coming of y4/i5^r«/'*t/.CiVrw//«f was affigned with the pow- 
 er ofthe two Cannian legions, to defend J)(r;/7,likeas PManliushzA before. Out oi Sardtmaihc 
 old army was withdrawn, which was under the governance oi A.Hf'fiili»s ■ andtheConfuls en- 
 rolled one new ]egion,for T.C/afidais to fail over wkh, QjintusClaudiiSyirxd C.HoJhlinsl iibclns^ 
 had both of them their commi/Tions newly iealed for one year longer, the one to govern Tann- 
 £ /«w;and the other co mXtCafua. M./^^'^/ifr/.'-^/theProConful, who alfo was Admiral tcrthefca- 
 coaft and river along 5/c///, was commanded to give up thirty of his fail unto C. Str-vUtus-, and 
 with all the reft ofthe Navy to return to the City oi Rome. 
 
 As the City wasinful'penceand HooddoubtfuU for the variable event of fo great a war, attri- 
 buting the caufes of all weal and woe,of profperityand adverfityto thegods; behold many pro- 
 digious tokens were reported to ha ve hapned. Namely, That in T''rr~ici>i.i the Temple of/'/ /).-.' ff, 
 and at 6'.rf>vc«»; theChappelofthcgoddefsM<j'«f»7Vvereblalied v\i h lightning from heaven. And 
 the inhabitants oiS.'.tncum were no lei's terrihed with two ferpcnts that were crept into the tem- 
 ple of ////j/ffr at the very doors. From vJ^f/«»; there was word brought that the harveli folk as 
 they were reaping fpiedcettain ears ofcornbloudy. At (T^irethere was afow that farrowed a pig 
 ■m with two heads, and an eaw yeaned a lamb both male and temale. It was reported alfo, that ac 
 A//^4 there were two funs fcen: and atFru/t/Z-cby night the day-light^ppeared. Alfo in the terri- 
 tory of Rome by report, an Oxe fpake : and the altatof Nrprnne vviibintheCirke FLimi'iiahaVe. 
 out into much fweat: at.<i the Temples of CVrf/.5^/«^ and Qj.:rtr:us were bjalf cd and fmitten from 
 heaven.TheConfuls were commanded to expiate and purge thefe teartuU lights withfacriticingof 
 greater beads ardto make fupplication one day. Which was done according to thedeiree ofthe 
 Senat. But above all the wondrous figns, either reported from abroad, or feenat home, the 
 minds of men were put in tear, for the going out of the hre in theChappellof r?/?.?. For which 
 caufe the f^-.fi.i/l Vni^in who had thechargc that night to look unto it, was by the command- 
 ment of PJ^iciaih the Billiop we 1 and throughly fiourged. And albeit this hapned by humane 
 negliy.cnce,and that the god, portended nothing thcrc!iy yet it was thoui'.ht good that an cxpia- 
 (j tion ' hereof fliould be made with greater facrifi^es,and a folemn lupphcationheid mthe Chappel 
 of y.fi.i. 
 
 refore that theConfulswentforth tothe wars, they were put inmind by the Senat to take re- 
 gard and order for the Commrns,and to procure their redu-ing again irro the country, and pla- 
 cing them in their lands and farms. For leein^ thrtbyGods t;'~iodnels the war was removed far 
 from Romeixvi L'tittm, the country towns might be without fear of danger inhabited and fre- 
 quented ag4,in: neither wasit a meet thing,that they (hould have more care to inhabit 5/r;/>' than
 
 ^^6 'i 1^^ eig^^ ^»^ twentieth Bool\^ o/T.Livius. 
 
 Jci}ly. But the matter was not eafily to becotnpalfeci andetfeftedby the people, for that many of ^ 
 the free- holders were confumed up in the wars: and great I'carcity there was of fervants and hines 
 to till the ('round : behdes,ihecattell was driven away in booties, and the manor houfes were 
 either ruinate or burned. Howbeitja great fort were compelled by the authority of the Confuls 
 to repaire again into their country habitations. The motion hereof was firft occafionedbyche 
 Embafi'adors oi Placentia iT)dCremofta; who madecomplainc, that their territories were much 
 damnihed and walkd by the incurfions and rodes of the Gauls their next neighbours bordering 
 upon them: and that many of their own naturall inhabitants were fled and gone awayvio as their 
 Cities were not well peopled, and their country lay wafte and defert. Whereupon M^mlins the 
 Frxtor had tommilTion to defend and guard the Colonies trom the enemy. And the Confuls by 
 venue of an aft of Senat made an Edid and Proclamation.thac allCitizens oiCrcmoKaiv^d Pla- I 
 <re«ri<«,fbould by a certain day return into their Colonies. And theDjthey themfelves in the begin- 
 ning of Spring took their journey, and fet forward to war. 
 
 O.Ceciliits&iZ Cof.reLeived the army of CI. Nero: and L.FcturiM$oi Q^.CL.adiHs the Pro-Pra:- 
 torTand made up the fuli number of all the companies with thofenew fouldiers whom, he him- 
 felfbad enrolled. 1 he Coniuls led their army into the territory of Co»/<f»fM,and having forraged 
 and fpoiled here and there, and being heavily laden with good booties, they were in a rarrow 
 andf.reiohtpafl.^cem.uchtroubledby the /??-««// and the Numidian archers : infomuch as not on- 
 Iv their prizes were in danger to be loll, but they themfelves that were armed in fome jeopardy. 
 Howbeit s the alarm was greater than the skirmifli, and the booty being fent before.the legions e- 
 fcaped fafeinto places ot fecurity.And fo from thence they went into the Lucans country. All that K 
 nation without any fight returned under the obedience of the Roman Empire. With -/innihat 
 that year was nothing done : for neither he himfelf made offer of war, upon the frefh hurt and 
 lofs received as well in publike as private, nor the Romans provoked him as long as he was qui- 
 et. Forthey were all of this judgment, thatthere was fuch metall and valour in that one com- 
 mander, although all things elie about him wen: to wrack, that they held it no good policy to 
 provoke him, and wake a''fleepingdo_?.And verily I wot not what to make of him; whether he 
 were more to be wondred at inadverfity than inprofperity. For why ? warring as he did in his 
 enemies land for the fpate of thirteen years,fo far from home.in much variety of fortune.with an 
 army not confilf ing of naturall Citizens andfubjefts,but mingled of a confufed riff-raff-and med- 
 ley of all nations having neitherthe fame laws, nor manners, and cuftomes, nor language ;diffe- L 
 rin" in fafliions, in habit, in apparell, in armour, in rites, in religion, nor ferving,as it were,the 
 fame gods: he hadfo knit and united them in one link and fireightband,that they mutined nei- 
 ther among themfelves, nor againft their Generall, notwithllanding oftentimes there wanted mo- 
 ney for pay,3nd viiftuals in their enemies country : for default vvhereof,in the former Punick war, 
 many outrages were committed both among Captains and fouldiers. But when v^/^>-//^.7 the 
 Captain together with his army was defeated and overthrown, in whom they repofed all their 
 hopes of vidory } and when they were fain to quit, as it were, all /r<j/y behdes, and to retire 
 themfelves into an angle and corner of Brtttium ; who would not think it a marvellous matter, 
 thatthere was no (Virnor commotion in his Camp ? conhdering that over and befides all other 
 difficulties, he had no means nor hope elfe to maintain his army, but out of theBrucianscoun- M 
 try ; And fay,that it were all wholly tilledjfowed,and well husbanded, yet a fmall thing it was to 
 find and feed fo huge an hoft. Moreover, a great part of their youth was fet away from thetil- 
 laoe o: the fields and grounds, and wholy employed in warfare : to fay nothing of the naturall 
 ouife and corrupt ufage of that nation, which in time of war waswonttolive and maintain the 
 lame by robbing and thieving. Neither had he any fuccour at all fent from home out of CarthAre' 
 whiles they all were (ludious and carefull only to keep Sfain, as if all had gone well with them 
 in Italy. 
 
 . In Spai-,} the fortune was in fome refped all one and the fame.in other farunlike and different: 
 the fame, in regard chat the Carthaginians being defeated in a fought field, and having lo(t their 
 Captain, were driven to the utmoftcoart of 5';»<i/>;,evenasfar as the Ocean fea: different, in that N 
 Spaiyj is a country more apt and commodious to thercpara:ion of new war, not only than /m//, 
 but alfothan any land in the world, as well for the fite of the region, as for the nature of the peo- 
 ple. For although it were the firft nation of all the main and continent, that the Romans went 
 firft in hand withall to reduce into the nature of aProvince ; yet it was thelaft of all others that 
 wjsfubdued, ard but lately in our dales even under the condud and happy fortune of Jugnfius 
 Caf.ir. There at that time ylfdruhalihc (onofGif^o, thegrenteff and nobleff Captain in all thefe 
 wars ( next after the Barchin houfe ) returned from dides j and hoping by the help of Afngo the 
 fonof ^w;/<:^?-,towageNvar afrefh.tookmurters throughout the fartherpart of i";><?;'».and armed 
 to the number of fifty thoufandfoot-and 4500 horfe. And as for the Cavalryall writers in man- 
 ner do agree : but for the In'antry, fome write, there were 70C00 brought unto the City Silpia. O 
 There upon the open plains fate thefe two Carthaginian Captains dowUjbecaufe they would not 
 feem to fall off and refufe battell. 
 
 5(-/p/(7, when news came unto him offopuiflant an army levied. fuppofed that neither with the 
 Roman legions he wasfufhcient to match fuch a multitude, unlefs he oppofedtheaidsof the 
 Barbarous n3tions,if it were no more but for fhew and outward appearance:nor yet was to repofc 
 Aich affured confidencein them, as in thefundamentallffrengthof hisarmy, that in cafe they 
 
 {hould
 
 The eight and tn?emietb Boo\ of T. hivm, 5^^ 
 
 , fi fliould give him the flip when the time came, fthc only occafion of the overthrow of his father 
 and uncl(.;they migiicdo miuh hurtiothe maincharn.e and total! kim of ail. And therefore he 
 fert Sv//<4 w before unto C chai,{i Lord over the lignory ol ei^-ht and twenty towns )lor to receive 
 of him thoie horlc and foot which he had promiied to levy in che winter time. Himielf dep?rted 
 from r.i .jr«>»,and gathered lomc imall aids of his allies that inhabit along the way as he marthed, 
 and fo '.ame to C a/fM/o, 1 hitheiiiyila'-.us brought aifo certain auxiliaries to the number of three 
 thoni.indfoot and rive hundred horfe. Fromtheniehc went torward to the City lUtnla^ke'wg'm 
 aliO: Citizens and Allies, with footmen fchonemen together, one with another 4500c (lrong„ 
 fifong, Asthey were pit( hing their tents and encamping, A/ngo and MTfamf. ,vvith all their Ca- 
 B valry fet upon them: aid nodoobt had troubled them mightily as they were mjking their de- 
 feni.es,but that (.ertain troops of tiorfemen hiddenbehind anhiil, whom .Jcpo fitly for the pur- 
 pofe had there beliowed, ii'ddenly at una wares ranupon them and recharged them as they were 
 loolely ridden f'^rward without order and arr.iy. Theichad not well begun skirmilTi with them, 
 but they diicomt.ted the forwardcliot"thcm,ano lu.helpe ially asepg,igcd themlcnesnearto the 
 trench,to impeach and annoy the pioneers ana labourer'; at work: hue with the reli that kept to 
 their, oiours, and went orderly in their ranks thei^bt was longer and for a good while continu- 
 ed doubituU. But whenthelquadrons which hood re ;dy appointed in their guards and Rations, 
 were Kr(t brought forth; and after them, thefonldiers alio trom their work and fortifications 
 were vvj. led to take arms '•< and Hill more and more continually .amefreQi and in heart, in place 
 C ot thofethat were wearied , foas now from all parts of the Cnnp there was gathered together a 
 fuil power^andran tothe battel; then the Carthaginians and Numidiun'; turned their backs plain 
 and fled. And at the firii they went aw ay by troops and companies keeping their order and array 
 Uill, and not di^b:.ndcd for haile or fear. But alterwards, when the Rom in- began on:e more ea- 
 gerly 10 piay upon the hindmoH of them fo as now their furious violence co uld no longer be re- 
 hljed }then wuhrfit an regard ot ranks or files they forgot their array . and ran on all hands by 
 he.: pSjfeeking every manihenext way he could toefcape.And albeit by tlii- skirmillijthe Romans 
 were mo e en ouraged agooddeal,and the enemies hearts much d itited: yet for ertain daiesen- 
 fuing there never ■. e Med ex. nr:ions and bickerings maintained by the horfcmenSc thofe that were 
 lightly a rmed. Now wnenby tnelefmalllcutfling-; they had made lufti itnt triall on both fides of 
 D thtir'Jrcpgth IfdrtihMtVA led torch his lories into the held & then the Romans likeivife came 
 forward ready to :t..eive them. But when both armies Hood wiihor.t their Camp, arranged iii 
 baite artiy & neither ot them gave the charge: when thcday drew toward fun-fetcing, ,-;/jr«/W 
 firft ret iicd with his men into tlie Camp and aitcr him the Roman General likewiie. Thus conti- 
 nued they for certain dales together.- :y5(/«/r«^.i/ was. evermore the Hrlt that came abroad, and the 
 firli again that founded the retreattohijifouldiers, wearied with long (fanding. But ofncithei fide 
 . they made out to skirmifh.or dif barged any fhot,o: ga'.ealarms and let up acy.Jt the one pare 
 theRomans on the other the Carthaginiansjtoget her with the A:+ricans!!ood in the main battel: 
 and the a.lies of either fide kept the wings,and thofe were Spaniudg a wel. in the one arrny as the 
 other. But in the front ofthe Carthaginian brttel were the E ephants placed, who -fir off made a 
 E fliew asittheyhad beenCailles. And throughout both armies this word went for currait, that 
 when the time came, they would (o fight as they fiood day by day ;.rranged :n-mely, that the 
 main battels of the Romans and Carthaginians, between whom was the quarrel Sc occahon of the 
 war, with like courage of heart and tbrceof arms would en.ountcr and cope together.iVp,'^ per- 
 ceiving this once to go for good Sitobeftifly letledin their opinions.altered all on fet'purpolc 
 againft the day that he minded indeed to give battel. And over-night he gave a watch-word and 
 token throi";f out the camp, that both horfe and man fliould take theirdinner before" day, and 
 that the borlcnien in arms ready appointed fiionld hold their horfesfadled and bridled. Now be- 
 fore it was broad day light he ient out all the Cavalry together with the light armour, tocharce 
 Upon the C''r/).''s!f ^x-'rd and Handing watch of the enemies. And himfelffhaight after advanced 
 p forward i^ ith the vn hole Hrength ot' the legions armed at all pieces. And clean contrary to the 
 conceived opinion and pcnwai-on both ot liis own men,and alio of his enemies he lirengthened 
 the wings w th Romans, and m;rllialled the main battell with the allies, .':fd>c!'al railed with 
 the ciaiT-our and Oioutof the hor emen leapt forth of hJs pavilion and perceiving a tumultuous 
 alarm arjdlcarfnli (lirof his own men before therampiar and tri^nih, and f.:eing afar off the glit- 
 tering enfgn. ofthe Legions and ailtheplains over-fpre id with enemies, preienily m?de forth 
 a!!hi= Cavalry agaiuiT the foreiaid horfemen. Himfelf with thebatteii of footmen iflueth ouc 
 o'"rne Csmp and m-de no change nor aiter-ti'-n at all in the manV.alling of the bittaiilons, 
 oiheiwi'e than be uied the dnes pa(f. Tne horemencontm'ied the fght a longtime donbt- 
 foily : neither- ou'd it be determined by it iClf, becaufe evermore, as any of them w;rcput back 
 (whi.h harnedonboih prrt . in monnerbv turn*- Jthey retired fatcly into thcb-nicl. of fuotmen, 
 G Now when as the brirf s were:iot p^lt halt a rr.i'e alVnder one 'rom another Sc-pio founded the 
 retreat and opened hi< nnks, ard received al! the hrr Vmenand !iG;ht armeJ fou.d'ers wi.hin the 
 m>dri'eward.- and having di'idedthem in rworci'lments, he beHowed them for fucc ours and 
 lupplie-: Vhii J'He v-irgs. Now whentne time wascometo joynin skirmilli, be cornmarded 
 the Spinid'ds ( ird thofe werethemain bntell) to rake fure tooting rnd^o ftesdi'.y 'ooether: 
 fair ind iVrly him.. el' our ot t!ie ri(',ht wing for. that point he commanded)diipat-hed a mefTl n- 
 gei to i;i.i>;;<j & 4/<j;-f;wj,wiliing them to Hntch out that w;ng on the kfc hard, like as they faw 
 
 himf
 
 * ;^ 8 The eight and twentieth Booih^ o/T.Livius; 
 
 him to draw it ac length on the right : with diredVion alfo unto them,that they together with the ^^ 
 light horlemen and light appointed footmen fliould encounter andclofewiai the enemy, before 
 that both battels might meet and joyn together. Thus having enlarged out at full their wings, 
 they with three fquadrons of footmen and as many cornets of horfemen^togetlier with the light 
 ' armed skirmilliers, advanced with full pace directly afront the enemies whiles the relt followed 
 (idewaies acrofs.Now there was a void piece of ground in the midlt between, by reafon that the 
 Spaniard? eniigns went but flowly forward: and the wings had been inconflitSl a,ready,whenihe 
 flower and lirength of the enemies battell, confiding ot old beaten Carthaginians andAftrican 
 fouldiers, were not yet come within the darts fhot,neitherdurtltheyputintofuccourthemthat 
 werein fight, for fear they fhould open the mainbattell for the enemy that came direfllyagainlt 
 them.Their wings were much difirelTedin the fight on every fide : For the'horfemen.the light ar- 1 
 medfouldiers,and the skirm.iflierSjhaving wheeled about and fet a compafs to environ them;r:n 
 upon them on their flanks.The cohorts of foocmen charged upon them afront, and all to brejk oft' 
 their wings from the body of the battell. And as now in every refpeft the fight was uneqna 1, fo 
 the rabble ofcamp-followers,BalearIflanders,and raw untrained Spaniards, oppofedagainll the 
 approved Roman and Latine fouldiers,piilled down afide. The day went on ftill,and ^fdruealbis 
 army began to faint : and no marvell for they were furprifed and taken on a fuddeOibetimes in the 
 morning, & were fori ed in hade to enter into the field & go to battel before they had refreflTed 
 aridllrengtheped their bodies. And to thatpurpofe5«p;ohad drawn the day on length. & trifled 
 out the ttme that the battel might be late. For it was the fevench hour[or one a clock after noonj 
 before the enfignot footmen charged upon the fide points. And a good deal later it was ere the K 
 main battelsfought and joyned together:fo thattheheatofthenoonfun,thepain oflong (land- 
 ing in a imor, and hunger and thirlf came all together to enfeeble and fpend their bodies, before 
 that they came to hand-llrokes and to buckle with their enemies : which was the caufe that they 
 flood leaning and retting ihemfeUes upon their fhields. And over and befides all other troubles, 
 the Elephants alfo affrighted and madded with thistumultuous and difordered manne- of tight of 
 horremen,skirmifhers,and light armed fouldiers together.ran trom the wings,upon the mainbat- 
 tel.The Captains therefore themfelves,beingthustainted,as well in courage of heart .as in bodi- 
 ly rtren£ith,gaveground and retreated. Howbeit they ftiU kept their arraiesas if the whole battel 
 had retired whole and found by the commandment of their General. But when the winners and 
 conquerers on the other part were fo much more forward to charge upon them more hotly on L 
 every fide, becaufe they faw themtolofetheirgroundand fhrinkback, fo as their violence could 
 not well be endured ; then albeit Afdmbal held them flill together,and did what he could to ftay 
 their flight, crying oftentimes aloud unto them, that there were hills behind them, and places of 
 fafe retrear,ifthey woud retire in good fort,' moderately, and in order; yet when they faw their 
 enemiesprefsfo hard upon them, killing and hewing in pieces thofe that were next unto them, 
 iear wasaboie fhame.and foimmediatly they fhewed their back parts, and ran away all at once 
 asfaftas they could. Yet at firlf, when they came to the root and foot of the hils they began to 
 make a (f and, and rally the fouldiers again into order of battel, feeing the Romans to make fomc 
 ilay of advancing theirenfignsup the hill. But afterwards, when they perceived them to come 
 ludiiy forward, they began again to flie afrefh, and fo in iear were forced to take their Camp. M ' 
 Neicber was Scipio himfelf far from their trench and rampier, but in that very brunt had been ma- 
 fler thereof, but that immediatly upon the hot gleams of the fun, when hefbineth ina watery 
 sky full of black and rainy clouds,there powred downfuch a (lore offhowers and tempells, that 
 hardly could he himfelf after his vi6>ory recover his own camp. And fome there were alfo tbac 
 madeitafcrup'eand matter of confcience to attempt any more for that day.The Carthaginians, 
 although they had great reafon torepofethemfelves, and take their neceflary red, fo wearied as 
 they were with travel!, and fore wounded, efpeiially feeing the night was come, and the If ormy 
 rain continued : yet. becaufe their fear and prefent d jnger wherein they flood gave them no tin^c 
 to loyrer and flack their buhnefs, againftthe next morning that the enemies fbould early aflail 
 iheirCamp, they gathered up flones from out of the vallies near about them, and piling them N 
 one upon another, amended the heighthof theirrampier, purpofing to defend theuifeUe by the 
 flrength of their fence, feeing fmall help and remedy in force of arms. But the fa. ing away of 
 their Confederats was the caufe that their departure and flight from thence, fcemcd more ii^G 
 than their abode there would have been, This revolt was begun by Altanes a great lord of the 
 Turdetans: tor he with a great power of his followers and retainers fled from the Carthaginians 
 to the ad verfeparr.Whereupon two ftrong walled towns. together with their grirrifons.vvere yiel- 
 ded by the C?ptains unto Scipio. y^/^w^<«'therefore.fearing lealt this mifchief might fpread far- 
 ther, now that their minds were once fet upon rebellion, diflodgcd about the midnight follow- 
 ing andremoicd. 5r;/)'o fo foon as he was ad^ertiiedat thebreak oftheday, by thofe that kept 
 flanding watch in their flations, that the enemies were gone; havingfent his horlemen before, O 
 commanded the flandards and enfign'^tobe advanced, and led folpeedy a march, t'-atifthey 
 hod gone (iraight forward and followed their tracks direilly-they had no doubt overtaken them: 
 but believing certain guides, that there was a fhorter way to the river Ba^is. they wereadiied 
 tocharge upon them as they p.ifled over. B'lt ,-r/ii>-«^<i/ feeing the paflage of theriierftopred 
 againlf him turned to the O.ean: aad evenat thefirlt they departed in great hade as if they fled, 
 which was the caufe that they got the ftarc of the Roman legionary footmen, and won a good 
 
 fpace
 
 The eight and nventieth Bool^ of T. Livius. g^p 
 
 A fpaceof ground before them. But the horfemen, and light appointed foottnen.plaiedone whiic 
 upon their tails, flanked another whiles their l.des, ana by this means with duiizing and rechar- 
 ging they wearied them and ilaied their march. And whena.s i)ponm-.ny of theie troubles by the 
 way, their enligns were fain to Ihud andorvCdt maintain sk innirtii, ibme tune with tbehode- 
 menjand lomtimes with the lij-ht jav elottiers and auxiliary foocmcn beho,d<h« ieg^ions aJlb came 
 onapaceand overtook them.Then there was not fomiKlifi^., ting and rei (-an e asm^fiacreand 
 flaughter of them: down they went with them and ki, leu i hem like (V.cep, foion^, unii.hheir 
 Leader himfelf began to flie;and ellaped into the next moi;nt.,ii;s.t ogcthf r vyich 7000 half naked 
 and unarmed. All the rert were either llain or taken priioner.. Then"tneC.irih?^;iri.3ni be^an to 
 B encamp and fortihe in all halle and tumultuous lore npon t^^e high^ii.mounc tiieytooid nnd: 
 from whence (by reafonthat the enemies had alVaicdinvaip to t;^t\ipthe hi', havinglo ditf.aiiC 
 an afcent) they had not lo mui.h ado to defend themrei\ es. EDt^tl cpiace [vnr.g bare and naked, 
 and disfutniflied ot all commodities for their relieie, theywerii.ijot.abieto aoni tut tiieueoetor, 
 afiew dales. And thereupon the ibuldiers fell apace to forlake the'.r awn v.ipt un., . nd to sjo to 
 the enemy.Sothatatthe length the General him.elt in the night icjfon ibandcncd Lis -irmyand 
 bavinggot fliipping (for the fea was not far orf) he embarked andfiedto (;V^?.f.i■<://)Jobeirlgad-- 
 vertized that the Captain of his enemies was Bed, left witn ^^y/h ww ten iliuu;^i;d iootmep-.and • 
 a thoul'and horfcmen to continue the liege ot the Camp. Himfcltin perfoa wich the rcii of his 
 forces within feventy dales returned to Trfr<rc(7>7, for to examine and hear incontinently upon his 
 C arrivall the caules of the Princes and States: that upon the true eltimate of their dckrts they 
 might be rewarded orchaftiied accordingly. 
 
 After his departure,^'/^p»//.i having had fecrec conference wiihS;/^-««/, about indncinf his 
 people alfoto bepliable and to hearken unco a change, palled over into ^ffriclii\y\th ibax ;maUi 
 retinue. At which prefent time verily the occahonof his ludden alteration was not fo evident 
 and apparant, as afterwards his moft conlfant truth and fali alieageanceobfervedunto his dyixic? 
 day was a good proof and argument, that even then he entred not into this delignment and aili- 
 on, without good and important caufe. IhenMa^o, in thole iLips that ^'/i^r«i^. /had fenc back, 
 paffed over to Gades.The remnant,thus forlorn ot their Captains,lomc by way of voluntary yiel- 
 ding and ranging themfclves to the adverlepjrt.others by flight, were Icattered among the nexC 
 D Cities, and no troop remained of them behind of any mark and rei. koning to I'peak of, either ror 
 number or hrength. In this mannerandby thefe means efpecially were the Carthaginians driveii 
 all out of SjP4/», by the conduit and happy fortune of P.Sc-.'p/e, in the thirteenth ye^rof the war, 
 and in the hxth of Scipit his government in that Province and command of the army. And noc 
 long after Sy //»««*« returned to TaraconVinioScipiot and brought word that the war in Spam was 
 fully ended. And L.Scipw was Tent with many noble perlons captives, as a meflenger to carry ti- 
 - dings to ^(jwfoftheconquert of S/),w«. And when all other took fuUontentment and infinite joy 
 at thefe news, and abroad in all places highly magnified theglory of this fervice, he alone who 
 was the man that did the deed ( asone who hadaninfatiabledehreof vertue and ttue honour) 
 made but fmall reckoning of the recovery and winning of Spatn, incomparifcn ofthofe matters 
 E that he hoped for, and conceived in that high and magnanimous fpirit of his, whih he carried 
 with him. For now he caft in mind and aimed at thee onquefl of ylfrick^aadgisuCarthj^e:: 
 and therewith, tomake perfed ard confummate thatglorious war to his own immort.il! honoUE 
 and rcnown.And therfore.fuppolingit wasnow a good time to beginthe wjy to thofcbi"hex- 
 ploit5,andtolayp]ots, to prepare atorehand, yea, and to win unto himthehcarts of the Princes 
 and nations, he determined firft of all other to lound and aflay King Syphax, This S>o/-^.v was 
 King of the Mi^fafyli^ a people bordering upon the Moors, and abutting upon that part ot Spain 
 clfiecially where new Caythajre is lituate. At the fame time the King was in league vvit'u the Car- 
 thaginians: which Sc/p/o fuppofing that he would oblerve no more furely and precifely, tharj 
 commonly the Barbarians ule, ( whofefidelity dependeth upon Fortune ) fent C. L^fius with rich 
 c gifts and prefents,as an Orator to rreat with him.The barbarous Prince was glad hereof,both be- 
 caulethe Romans then profpered every where ; and alio the Carthaginians in Italy lived by 
 the lofs ; and in Spatfi went down to the ground, where they had nothing Ictt : and thereupon he 
 condcfcended to entertain the friend Qiip of the Romans. Cut for the confirmation of this amity, 
 he neither would givenor take affurancc, but only in the perfonall pretence of the Roman Gene- 
 ral! himfelf. So Lelius having obtained the Kings royall word and warrant that Scipio might come 
 unto him with fafe conduft and lecurity, returned imto Sapio. Now lor him that afpired to the 
 conquefl oiAffnrk^ it was a matter of great confequence and importance in all refpefts.to make 
 himfelf lure of Sx^/;<iv,the moft mighty and puilVant King of all that Land, who had aforetime 
 made proof what the Carthaginians could do in war, and the confines and marches of whofe 
 kingdom lay fitly upon Sp.»>,and but a I'niall arm of the lea between, Scif:o thinking it therefore to 
 G be a matter worth the adventure wich great hazard, (for othcrwife it might noc be ) leaving for 
 the defence and guard of Spam L^Af.irttxsM T.iracon.ind M .Sylla-.ms at new drtha^e-, (whether 
 he had travelled by land from TaracotyZnd taken great )ournies)himrelf and IMius together loo- 
 fcd from Cnrf/wf with twogrcat Carvels of five banks of oars, and parted over into Jjfrtc^y 
 through the calm and fiill fea, moft of all rowing, and otUerwhilealfo making fail wich agentlc 
 gale of wind. 
 Haply it fo fell outthac the very fame time yifdrubaly driven out of Sp,;/;;, v/as entfed the ha- 
 
 vea
 
 ^ ,^0 T^^^ ^^g^f ^ ^i twentieth Bqo\ of TXiviusi ^ 
 
 vcn wich feven gallies of three courfe of oars, and rid at anc hor near unto the lliore for to be ki {| 
 aland. Wtienhehada kenning of the two Carvels aforefaid , which albeit no man doubtedbuc 
 they were enemies, and might have been boorded by them being more in number, before they 
 ' could gain the rode ; yet hereupon enlued nothing elfe but a tumult and hurry amor^ the mari- 
 ners and fouldiers together, in vain preparation of their Qiips and their armour.For the wind be- 
 in'' fomewhat big and high drave the Car* els with tuU fail out of the main feainto theha^en be-' 
 forethat the Carthaginians had any time to weigh anchor : neither durft any of them proceed tot 
 further dealing within the Kings Rode.So Ajdrtibal^r[\ fet a fhoreand within a while So;)/o and 
 LAlim landed and went all to the Court. Syphax- took this for a gre^t honour done Onto him ( as 
 indeed it was no lefs ) that there were come to him at that time, and in one day two Geacrali 
 Captains of two moft mighty and puifl'ant States to fue for peace and amity with him. He inu-I 
 ■ ted both of them friendly , and gave them entertainment : and finte it was their fortune to entex 
 under one roof and the lame houfe for to be lodged in^he endeavoured to draw them to a parley, 
 and tomakeanend ofall quarrels, grudges, and controverfies between ihem. But S«p/o denied 
 flatly,'' that either there was any private malice or hatred between him and ^/^r«/'<}/,tharfliould 
 " need an end with conference and fpeech : and as for State-matter?, he might not treat with a 
 *' profeffed enemy astouching them, without exprefs warrant and commiflion from the Senate. 
 But when theKing laboured greatly with him,that he would find in his heart and nottbinkmucb 
 to bear Afdrnbd company at meat and meal Cbecaufehe would not feem to exclude either of 
 them from his boord, he yielded thereunto,and was content.So they fnpped both twain together 
 with the King-and Scipo and Afdrubd fate both at one table in one mefs, and upon one bed, tor K 
 ioit was the Kings pleasure. But focourteouflySap/V? behaved himfelf( as he was a man that na- 
 turally knew how to carry himfelf with a grace and dexterity in all things, and in every piace 
 wherefoeverhecamej that by his fair language and eloquentfpee:h, he won not orlytbe favour 
 of the barbarous Prince Syfhax ( who before was not acquainted with the Roman faftions ) buc 
 alfo the "ood will and love of A^irubal-, amoft malicious and mortall enemy: who feemtdta 
 have him in more admiration upon this one meeting and communication in prefence perfonail, 
 than for all his feats of arms atchieved in war , and made no doubt but reckoned fully that King 
 S;;?/'*!* and his Realm would prefently be at the devotion of the Empire of Rome, iucba angu- 
 lar "ift had that man to win love and lav our. And therefore the Carthaginians were notlo mucft 
 to feek how Sfntn was lott ,as to conUder and think how they might keep and hold Affnck. For L 
 thus they conceived. That this noble Knight and worthy Roman Captain was not come thither 
 wandrino ata venture,nor as a travellerto fee countries, and to lolace himfelf with walking along 
 the pleafant and delegable coafts,leaving the Province which he had newly lubducd. lea ving his 
 armies which he commanded failing thus with two fliips only into Affnci-ind -- ommitting him- 
 felf unto an enemycountry, and into a Kings hards of whofe fidelity and proteftionhe hadno 
 experience : but no doubt upon fome great hopes to compafs tne conqueft of Affr:ckj, And this 
 was it thatlong hn eSc/))/o had in fecret purpofe and delignment,rhis was it that openly he fretted 
 and rtormed at, namely,that he warred nor himfelf as well ir Spnin.zs Annib.:l m ;u(/r.Well,Sf jno 
 having concluded a league with S'p/j^jv, departed out ot Affrickj and notwithliandinghe wa3 
 tofled upon the fea with variable winds, and thofe tor the moli partboilierous and raging yet up M 
 on the fourth day he arrived it New Carthage. 
 
 As Sj?.t/» generally was at peaceand reft for any Carthaginian war, fo it was well known tt-at 
 certain particular States, in regard that they were touched with the guilt of trefpafles committed^ 
 were quiet for fear, rather than for any loyall alleageance. Of which the moll notorious,3s well 
 for their own greatnefs and power as for their fault and trjnfgrelTion, were liljurqum and Ca- 
 fliilo. The Caftulonians had been Roman Confederates in time of profperity, were revolted unto 
 ibe Carthaginians, upon the defeat ofthetwoSr/;)/w and their armies. The lUiturgians bef^des 
 their revolt and rebellion, added this wickednefs, in that they betraied and murdered the Ro- 
 mans who fled unto them for fuccour afterthat overthrow. Thefe two nations, it Sap/o at his 
 firft coming h?d proceeded in rigour to revenge ( whiles the States of the country flood in fuf- 1«5 
 penre)he fhould have regarded their defert more than his own good and commodity. But when 
 all troubles were compofed and reduced to qnietnefs, he thought it then a convenient time to pu- 
 nifli and chalfife them accordingly. And therefore he called L. Martitu from Taracen-, with a 
 third part of his forces, and fent him to affail C'-ftttla. Himfelf with the reft of the army mar. hed 
 toward IlLturyi-nh and within five dales prelented himfelf before it. The gates he four.d rtinr a- 
 gainfthim, and all preparation and furniture for defence and to wiihftand theafiault. For their 
 confcience bare them witnefs what they had deferved, and there reeded no other dcfiante or in- 
 timation of war againft them than the privity of their wicked fad>. Hereupon Sc/p/'o took occafi- 
 . . , j^ {^j. on to exhort his fouldiers and began in this wife. " The very Spaniards themfel ves, quoth be by 
 fouldieis.' * *• flmtting their gates dedareplainly what they juflly are to fear: and therefore ye oughttowarQ 
 *S\ith them in more hoftile malice and deadly hatred than with the Carthaginians. For with 
 " them the quarrel was maintained, as it were without anger and rankor,only for foveraigrry and 
 " glory: but ofthefemenye are to take vengeance for their difloyali treachery fortheircruelty 
 " and wicked villany. And now the time is come, to revenge not only the unworthy death rf 
 " your fellow fouldiers, but alfo the like falfhood prepared tor yourfelves, in cafe your hap had 
 'beentohavcfledfor retoge thither at any time :yea,and to {hew exemplary juftice.to reach ill 
 I '-polterity,
 
 The eight and twentieth Boo{of T, Livius. 5 5 1 
 
 A polterity, that no mm hereafter be fo beady as to wrong any Citizen or (ouldicr oi Rofxr, in what 
 pooreftateloevernebe, without fear of condign punifliment. Upon this exhoffstion and com- 
 fortible words of the Gcnerall, they bedirred theml'clves and divided the I'caling ladders amongft 
 choile men out of every company. And having (o parted the at my between them, that Laiiru the 
 Lieutenant had the conduft of I he one half, they gave affault with great terrour unto the City ia 
 in two places at orce. But neithei any one gencrall captain, nor many principall Citizens en- 
 couraged and hcartned the townfmen manfully to defend their City,but only tbeirown fcarfolSc 
 lint"uirconrcience:for they wilt well and rcmembred, yea, and put one another in mind, that it was 
 thtir puniltment and not vidory that the Romans (ought for. And as for themlclves, (ince they 
 were to lole their lives,tbis was theonly point that they were to confider upon, namely, where 
 B they were bell to die, wlicther in fight and in the field( where the fortune of batcall was common, 
 and oftentimes lifted up the conquered, and put down the conqueror) oraftei their City burnt 
 and raled, to yeeld up breath in tnc light oi their wives and children taken captives smid the tor- 
 ments of whipping and bard irons, whenthcy had endured all vilianies and indignities. Where- 
 upon not only the IcrviccaDle youth for \^>r, not only men I lay, but women alio and children, e- 
 vcn above the bodily Itrengih of thic age, or courage of that fex,were ready and prefcnicd them- 
 felvcs to defend the wals. Some brought weapons to the defendants, otherscarriedftoncs upto 
 the wals onto them that were lortilying and repairing the breaches. For why ? they Qood not up- 
 on their liberty alone, which whciteth the ftomacks of valiant &msgnanimous men only.but they 
 C let before their eies sll extremities of torture and punini!iient,yca, and the fhamcfullert death that 
 that could be devifed .• and their hearts were incenlcd to undergo all pains and peril, by flriving 
 avic together, and feeing one another to hazard themfelves. Info much asthey ftood toit, and 
 fought lo rcfolutely, that even that noble army which had fubdued all SpM»,took the repulfe often 
 times at the handiof the youth of one City, was driven from the wals, and fmsUy to their honor 
 received lomc foil in figbt and began to fear. Sapio feeing that, and doubting left upon fo many 
 bootlcffc attempts the enemies might take heart and his own fouldiers be tainted, thought good to 
 enter himfclf perfonally into the aftion, and totake part inthat dangerous (crvice. Havingre- 
 buked thertfoie his men for their cowardife.he ccmmanded the ladders to be brought and fet te, 
 thrcatning that himtelt would fcaletht! wals, if the reft made hafting and thus drew back. With 
 P) that he made no more ado, but approached under the wals in great peril of bis perfon. Whereup- 
 on the (ooldiers refpefting the dangerous ftate of their Gcnerall, and fearing greatly of bis be- 
 half, fet up a (bout on all hands, and began to tekt ladders io. many places at once. Ltlim likwife 
 on the other fide plied the afiault and gave not over. Theilfai laft the townfmen, for all their re- 
 iolute refiflance, were overcome ; thedefendants ovcrthrt^wn and beaten from their (landing, 
 and the wals poffefTed by the cncmies.Thecaftlealfo on that fide which was thought impregnable, 
 was in that brunt and tumult taktn. For there were certain Africans ferving then among the Ro- 
 mans (fled before the enemyj who whiles the townfmen were wholy turned to defend 
 thole places that fcemed to be expofed unto danger, and the Romans climbing and entring where 
 they conld,elpied one part of the City much higher then the reft ; which becaufe it was compafTcd 
 £ about with an exceeding high reck, was neither fortified othctwile with bulwarks, nor manned 
 with any defendants at all: and being men (asthey all are) light and agile of body, and nimble 
 by realon of much pradife and exercife, they climed up the rock where they could meet with a- 
 ny crag therof to bear out unequally from the reft, and to yeeld them hold and footing : but when 
 they came to a plumb upright ll^ecp place, and where the difF was even and Imeoth, they faftned 
 certain great iron f pikes and nailes,which they caried about with them of purpoic, and ftuck tbctn 
 a prety diltance afunder, likegreeccs andftairs to climb upon/ and ever the formoft pluckt him 
 up by the hand that followed next,and the hindmoft heaved up thofe that went before themjuntill 
 they were gotten up to the top; and then they tan down with an outcry into the City, which 
 was already won by the Romans. Tnen it Was well feen that they forced this City from very de- 
 pfplteous anger and deep hatred. Thetewasno thought of taking any prifoners alive, tfeerewas 
 none that once minded any pillage, notwithftanding all lay open unto them for to be ranfackcd 
 and rifled. Bat down they went with the unarm«d as well as the armed, killed men and women 
 one with another : nay, their cruell mood was fuch, as they fpared not the fucking babes. Then 
 they let fire on their houfes; and what the fire faved they talcd and pulled down ; (o cancred a 
 mind they had, and fo bent they were,to leave no monument and token of fuch a City, and ntterly 
 to aboliftj and root out the memoriall of thole enemies. 
 
 After this, Sciph led his army againft CafluU. This City was defended ntjt only by Spiniardj 
 who tbuher were repaired out of others parts, but alio by the reliqucs of the Carthaginian army 
 which werefcattred abroad in their flight, and thither fled. But ere 5'c/;'<» was c^me before the 
 G town,they had heard the newes of the woful calamity and dcftruflion of the lUiturgians : by rea- 
 lon whereof they were all terrified and in delpairc of themlclves : and as it fallcth out in fuch Ta» 
 tiety or caufcsanddelerts every man fought means to flnft forhimfelf the bcft be could, witbcKlt 
 regard of his neighbour. And at firft they began to have afecrct jeloufie and (ufpitiononcof ano- 
 ther, but afterwards they brake out to open diflention : infomuchas the Carthaginians and Spa- 
 niards aividcd tbcmielves, and parted alunder.Cfr<^«^fi'«w openly advil'cd the Spaniards, and 
 peri waded with them, to yeeld. Htmilcg was the Captain over the Auxiliary Catthaginiani, 
 
 Bbb whom
 
 
 «- sa "fhe eitghf and wmieth Bool{ofT, Li vius. 
 
 whom (erdKbctliii(&^o'a ^tQm\[& fecretlv before made and proteflioo gr^nted^ bctraicd^ togc- j^ 
 tber witbthe wholeCity befides/'nto the Romans bands. This viSory w^spurlued with leis cru- 
 elty.- tor neither w: s the oflfince on their behaU committed fo heinous ;af}d the best and choler 
 bt the Romans w^s well cooled and allaied, by rcjfon of their voluntary iurrender. From thenco 
 ■Wis Martins lent .gainft others of the batbirous people, to reduce unto fubjedlion and obedi- 
 ence, as many is yet were not fully lubdued. 
 ^ ,Sc/p/ff returned to new C<ir/A4^< topiy bis vowes unto the gods, and to exhibit and let out a 
 
 fped cleof iwofd-pLiers ai (harp, which be bad prepared for the honor of his father and uncle 
 dece led. This patlime . nd lolemn (hew was not performed by thofe kind of men^oot of which 
 malters of fence ule ordinarily to make choice, namely jiiicb as were picked cut of bondflaves and 
 freed men, that ufe to make fale of their bloud for mony» but all tbo(e that he imploied in com- ^ 
 bat, were ibcli iscffiedthemfelves and their lervice voluntary and without hire.Forlome were 
 lent unto bim fromtbc LL.ot the country,to make (hew & proof of the valour ingr ffed natattlJy 
 in that nation ; othersof their own accovd profelTed to fight, for t he love of the General him- 
 felf, andtofiiewhimplcaiure .- ..ndiorocthee were again, who upon emulation of glory were 
 drawn to mke challepge,wbiles others tht were defyed refuted not, but drove to get the vifto- 
 ty, There were lU'od.vers that determined thofe controvcrfies by the fword, which by arguing & 
 pleading they either were not able or not willing to end •• having agreed among tbemfelves tb^t 
 the matter in fuitfliould LUto himih.t ch need to bavctheapper hand. Andtbofe wereno 
 mean perlons of bafe degree and parent.ige,but of noble defcent vnd famon- boutes : as namely, 
 Corbiisxsi Orffta, two * [^brethren 3 coufin germans fay the father fide ; who differing ^nd being 
 * Fi;uves ft- at v risRce, . bout a piincipjlity of aCjty andState which they c Wliis, made profelTion to trie 
 arutlcs. t be title at the utterance by dint ok fword. Cerhu was the elder of the twain j but Or/Ma bis fa- 
 
 ther had been the l,lt Prince before, and received that Scignory after the death of his elderbto- 
 ther. And when Scipio ws very dcfirous to debate and decide the matter with words, and to ap- 
 peale their anger and mood, theybotbm«de anfwer and faid, that they had denied to the com- 
 mon kinsfolk of either party, andshjttliey would have no other god nor mm to be their judge, 
 but only Mars- Both of them wctefitrce ; the elder prcluming of bis firength of body, the 
 yonger bearing bimielf upon the flour ol his frcfh youth ^ wifhing rather to die both twain irj 
 fight, then the one to be fubjedtortbr dominion of the other. Inconcluficn when by ro means 
 pofTible they could be recUimed from cbis furious rage of theirs, they becme a goodly fhcw and y 
 pagcanttotbe whole army, and a tifpgplar exampkiio prove what a mifchievous malady among 
 mortalmen, the loreoflordihip is,-.#4t>if dcfireoif loveraignty. The elder, through praditeoi 
 his weapons and cunning flij^iit,lPorj^yetC'«me the fooljbsrdinefle and inconfidcrat fiercencs of the 
 youger. After this paftime of the fu, i,ri*/igtiL followed tl3W funcrall games and plaies which were 
 fet forth magnificently, according hS e.tber the wealjb of ihe provincc.or the furniture of the ar- 
 my might afioord. 
 
 In this meantime, theLieu:emnsB\ifd and fped tbeic buHnefs neverthelefTe, ?ccording(o 
 their coromifllons : for ManiM i;av;iig paflcd the rivet B<its Cwhicbthc peafants of that coun- 
 try ciUed Cirtinn) received two mo'il rich and worthy Cities, lurrendrcdinfo their bands by com- 
 pofition, without any flault . Now, t^ere was another City csUed yJJtapa, which ever (ided with ^ 
 the Carthaginians .• and yet ir deferved not io much anger and indignation in that regard, asfor 
 that, ('letting afide the neceflities th t t'oUow w^rjiteverbarea Ipiteful h .tred againft the Ro- 
 mans.- neither was (he town cither for naturall fitu tionfoitrongly ie.ted, or by m^nsbind fo 
 fiirely fortilied,ih t the inhabit nts therein fhould t ^ke more heart, or prefumc the rather to be Ju-' 
 {\y and bold. But the naiurall dilpolition of the people delighting in robberies,moved them to make 
 rodes and invade the territory of th« allies of the people of /^«t»r bordering upon them: znd to 
 catch and cake piifone rs ^ny iouldiers, IcuUions, lackies, and followers of the camp, or merchants 
 of the Romans, whom they could light upon ranging abroad. Yea, .-^nd when there bapnedagreat 
 company of cbem together, topade through their matches and confines,(for in no wile might s 
 tewt>tjvelinfafety) they were lurprifedby ^n ambufhment laid for them, and being environed in ^ 
 aplaceof difadvancage, were flsinevcry man. Wnenthe army wascome before this town to al- 
 fault it, the townimcn carrying a guilty confcience for offences committed, thought it not the ii» 
 fe(lcourfcforthetnlelves,toyeeidaod give up the place to the enemies whom they bad fomucb 
 provoked againft them ; and feeing no bope at 11 to fave their lives, either by the ftrength of theic 
 wals, or force of arms, they retolved tc execute upop themlelvcs, and thofe things thdt was neer- 
 eft and deercll untutbem, a foul, dete(ia'}le, and cruell ii&. Tbey fet out and appointed a compafs 
 of ground within the market place where tbey bellowed and laid on a heap tbs moil precious 
 goods that they had. Upon which they comminded their wives and children to (it, andthen 
 tbey piled about them billets of wood, and laid faggots upon, of (mall young t wigs. And «! icr this 
 *' they gave in charge to fifty luilyiaiifciloivs tm'd t hat lo long as the battell continued doubtfull, 
 •• they Ihould defend and guard ali ;heii goodSj& the bodies ot thofe perfons more dear unto them 
 "then all the goods in the world, but incalcfhey perceived their own (ide togoe down and 
 '■hive the worle, aadtbeGi^y at the point to be loft, tbey fhould then wot well and be alTured, 
 *'' that all they whom they law going forth to battell, would lurely lofe their lives in that very 
 * fightand skiimifh. And here «Nitn they btlought them in the name of the gods both cc- 
 ,* ^eltiail and infccnall, to be mindfuU of tbcic liberty, which that day was totakeanend, 
 
 cither
 
 The eight and twentieth Boo{ofT, Livius. t^^ 
 
 A " either by bonourtble death or (hsmefull fetvitude •• and to (ufftr nothing to remtin, upon which 
 *• the enemy in bis furious anger might excercil'e his cruelty.- & conlidering they had both fire and 
 "Iword in their hands to do tbedecd.to let thole friendly and faithtul hands, conlume and dilpatch 
 •* the things which were lure to be loll and perilh, rather then the proud enemies inlult over them 
 *' and niak a (corn of them. To thefe exhotations they adjoyned a fearbl! ar^d horrible curfe, to as 
 
 many as either for hope oHilc.or upon timoroufocls of heart &fear of deatb.fhould alter their mind 
 and refolurion. Whereupon all at once they rulhed out of the gates fct wide open, andwitha 
 mii^hty tumult and fhout, made a (ally. Now there was no let guard and ftation of any force op- 
 poled to rttilt them, becsulc the enemies feared nothing lclTe,tbcn that they durft once ilTue forth 
 ofihegates. Some few toops of horle and the light armour, ota fuddam were fentoutotthe 
 
 B camp to make bead, and they cncountred them. Iktween whom there was a skirmifh hotter and 
 iLarper in regard of courage and violence, then ordered by any skill and good government. And 
 jhercfoie the horimcn were dilcomfited, thatfitlf prefentedthemlelvcsigainflthc enemy, yea,& 
 put the light armed footmen alio in great tear. And (urdy ihey had proceeded to have foac>ht even 
 under (he very rampiar, but that the main lltcDgtb of the legions, who had but very Imaif time ip 
 be marlballed ana arranged, put themlclves in array and came into the field. And yet for all that, 
 they were dilhelkd fur a while about thctnfigns.by realon that they ran as blind mad men in their 
 furious fit & as bold as witleffe Fools for want of Cence.even upon the i'word and their own death; a 
 But aftLfwards, the old experienced louWicrs, having IKfly Itood out againtt the firlt rafl: brunc 
 and violent (hock or the enemies, yea, and killed the formoff, bridled and ftaied the rage of thole 
 
 C that fcc.>nded them : and when tfiey a(?aicd within a while after, to enter forward thtmielvesSc 
 break in upon the.n,& fa w none of them to give one foot of ground, but every one rcfolute to die ii^ 
 the vciy place where lie (lood,they opened their battellin the mids (a thing that they might eaniy 
 do, conlidering tlie d nltitudc of the (ouldicrsjcompaflcd and environed the wingsof their ep.e- 
 mic.-,whi> fighting round in a ring, unto the lad man were flain every one. Thus werethey that 
 were in arms and ,;ade refiftance manfully dealt withallby their enemies according to the ri"or 
 ot war, »!id in tt'cangty :.nood of (culdiets i and Inch was their end. But witliiii the City there 
 was fouler u'ork, and a more cruell butchery and flaughter co.jjmittcd, wheu the feeble unatnied 
 and naked multitude of women and children were murdred by their own neighbours and citizens 
 who having let the torelaid pile of wood on firc,fell to maffacrc them,and flung their bodies when 
 
 D they werebut half dead, into the light hre under them ; (o as their llreams of bloudgufhinf^out 
 ot their veins, were ready to quench the f^ame b:ginning to break forth. And in the end, when 
 tbey themlelves were even wearied with thepittifull (laughter of their own friends, they caft 
 tbem/elvcs armour and all into the mids of the (aid fire. When this maiTrace was done and ei^.ded 
 the Romans eotrcd the City witbvidoty. And at the firll (ight ofthismooftrous objetft, thty 
 wondicdfora whikandftocdaftonied. But afterwards wbenthey law the gold and (iiverght- 
 teting within the heap among others goods, they were ready and defirous ('as the nature of man 
 is greedy ot I'uch things j to rake and pull the fame out of the fire .• but Tome of them were caught 
 with the flame and burnt ; others f^afhed and half linged with the hot (team of the vjpcuc and 
 breath iQuiog from the lii^ht fire,fuch('I mean)as were formoff, & could not retire themlelves bsck 
 
 E by reafonof their exceeding prelVebehind,tbatihrQft them fiill for ward. Thus ^jy?<a;>^ wasdeftroied 
 by fire and fword, and yeelded no pillage to the enemies, ftnd wen Martitu hsd all the reft of the 
 coountry yeeled unto him tor fear of force,he led back his victorious army co Cttrtbaae unso Scipto. 
 Aoout the very fame time there came from Gades certain fugitive rcnegates. proroiline to be- 
 tray thegarrilon ofthe Carthaginians lying there, and likcwilo tfie captain of the gatrilon, to- 
 gether with the navy. Now had A^ago relted there after his flight, and Ji»ving gatheied together 
 the fhips in the Ocean, levied and taifed certain aids, as weil oeyond the nsrrow leas alon" the 
 coi'^i.oi Africk,, as alfoout of the parts of ^/(.i/a next ad joyning unto him, anHall by the means of 
 
 ■ captain Hamo, When as between the Romans and thole fugitives, there had pa(fed faubfuil pro- 
 mifc and lecuritytoand fro, both Alartiw was fcnt thither with certain fquadrons and ccmoa- 
 
 F nics lightly appointed ; andalfo Ldlitu wit'a 7 Triremes []ofthrec banks of oar^] and one great 
 galiace of five, for to war joyntly together by common counlell, as well by lea as land. Scipio 
 himftlf lay lick ofa grievous malady, but much worle oy report then it was, i-y realon thatev^ry 
 onefas men commonly have a defire & delight,to folter & multiply rumours for the noncejmadc 
 ever (omewhat of his own head, and put into the rc(t ofthe news that he heard.- which bvoo?hc 
 the province out of frame and caufed great dif order, efpecially in the moft remote parts the-eof: 
 Whetby it was well feen,what a world of troubles would bavcenlued upon fomc caUfiji.y indeed, 
 when a vain rumour only, was able to raife fuch [forms and fempelts. tor neither tde Allies con- 
 tinued loiall in their aileageance, nor the army dutifuil in their wonted obedience. Mtmdomm 
 & Indihtlts, who made full account of tne whole kingdomc of Spii!n,now that the Carthaginians 
 
 ^ were driven out and expelled, feeing nothing anfwerablc to their hope and expectation, and them- 
 lelves dilappointed ot their delignments, railed pealams and inhaoitants oftbcir own countries 
 (and tbofe were the LjcetansJ &foilicited the youth of the Celtibcrians .- the country alio of the 
 Sueffatacs and Sedetans, that were confederat States with tbe people of Rome^ they waited in all 
 mvnr.er othoftility. Befidcs, there aroleacivil mutiny and didention wichin the camp at 5«- 
 cro ; vuhaic there lay eight rhoufi.id louldicrs, as a guard and garrifon for all the nation that in- 
 habi: or; this fide I^erm. Whole heads were fet a work, ^nd began to be bufie not at that titae 
 
 £bb 2 when
 
 The eight andtn^entiethBooJ^^ofT.hivms. 
 
 when doubtful & fufpkious rumours were fpread of their General^how he was ih danger of death, H 
 but long before, upon a licentious coutCe of life that tbey had taken to, and I'o much the rather, foe 
 thit no w in time of peace tbey were held in, more ftreightly and nearly, who before were uied iti 
 their enemies land, during the wars, to break cue in more loolc manner, and to live upon rapine 
 and rob^erie. At thi firll they began to mutter and wbilper fecrctly thele and inch like Speeches : 
 If there be war Hill in the province oiSj>*tn, what do wc here among peaceable people ? And 
 if the war be ended, and the time oi the commidion come out and expired, wbv arc we not had 
 again back into Itnly ? Then they proceed to demand tbt-ir pay very malapertly, and more faucily 
 than might lUnd wiihibe duty and morfefty ot (onldievs : yea.and the Sentinels and corf s de guard 
 would not ftick to give reproachfuli terms and wanting words to the Tribunes or Marfhals, when 
 they went the round : and (ome of them made no bones (o enter by night into the peaceable ter- I 
 ritory about them, for to fetch in booties and prizes ; untill at length openly at noon day, they de- 
 parted from tbeir colours without pafpott and licence. All things they did as tranfporfed away 
 with luft and lelf-willoFlouldiers,not guided by the order and difciplinc of warfare, nordireft- 
 edby the commandment of their captains and tulers. Nevertheleffc, there was retained ftill s 
 form of Roman camp among them : and that upon this only hope that the (ouldiershadofthe 
 Tribunes aforefsid ; whom they I'uppoied la time would come to the bent of their bow, enter in- 
 to the fame furious courlcs, and have their hand in the mutinies, and follow them in their rebel- 
 lion ; and tberfore they were well content with them t6 fit judicially in Marfhall court, lin tfee u- 
 faall place ot P'rificipai ^lo minifter law and execute juftice .• alfc to call for the watchword and fig- 
 nail of them, yeV, and orderly to go to their watch and ward in their courfe and due times. And K 
 whereas in very deed tbey had caft oflF all reverence and obedience of government, yet they 
 would leem to fhew a kind of loiall and dutiful diligence ; in that (forfooth) they would be com- 
 manders of then, lei ves, and keep (ome order without conftraint. But in the end the mutiny broke 
 out into o{>en ledition .- namely, when they perceived once, that Ttibunesmifliked and reproved 
 their doings and endeavoured to crofle their defignes, yea, and denied flatly and openly to tak part 
 with them in their follies and furious outrages. Whereupon they difleized the Tribunes of tbeir 
 judiciall places in the Pr/»r»;i;<«,yea, and dilpoffeffed them quite ofall room in the camp, and by a 
 general! confent conferred the foveraign rule on two common ibuldiers, the captains of this 
 their (editious commotion, Albiut CalcnuiyinAC. AtriHsymber. Who not contented with the 
 »Ccrt»iaofti- ♦ markes and ornaments of the Tribunes, werefo bold as to handle the rods and axes, even the L 
 ctxi or f"erge-_ ygj.y joijU enfigns ot foveraign rule ; never thinking how thofe knitchcs of rods, and axes ftick- 
 forefhem ' •"§ within them.which they caufed to be born afore them to the fear of others, were ready to light 
 with vine rods Upon tbcmrclves, to Icourge their backs and fides, and to chop ofFtheir own heads not long after. 
 The fuppofed death of Scifio, whereupon they vainly built, was it that blinded their wits and 
 minds. -upon the rumour whereof, being already noifed abroad, they bad no doubt, but all 5)>;«y« 
 gentrall; would be up in armes. In which garboil and burliburly,they madercckoning.tbat they 
 might levy monies of the confederat States, and fpoil and pill the Cities neer unto them. Anda- 
 mid thele troubles, when all were in an uprore, and every man wduld venture to do every thing 
 at his pleafure, then tbey (uppofed their own deeds and aftions would be leffe efpied and marked. 
 Now when as tbey looked every day ftill to hear frefh nc wes, not of his death onIy,bur alio of his m 
 funerals; and feeing there came none at all, but rather, that the former tidings were checkedjand 
 proved but a flying tale without head or foot, then they began to n:ake femblance of enquiring af- 
 fer,& feekingouttbe firft autbours whoraifed thole falie reports.-tben tbey feemed to be angry aifo 
 and offended withthem,to the end, that they forfooth might be thought rather to h^vebdeev^d 
 things inconfideraily, than to have devifed fucb a matter ihemfelves purpofely. Thsfe leaders and 
 captains thus difippointed and abandoned, began now to dread and ftand in horror of thur own 
 pniigns ofmagiRracy that were carried before them, and in fteadofthat imaginary rule which 
 they ufurped, they feared greatly, that the very edge indeed of the true and lawfuU power of ' 
 autboritie would be fliortly turned upon them. As the (edition was thus daQied, by cccafion, 
 that it was credibly and for certain reported, firft, that 5^<^«o was living; and within a while m 
 after, that he was recovered andinhealth.- there came (even Tribunes or Colonels, fcntfrom 
 Scifio himfelf . At wbofc fi-. ft arrivall at the camp, the fouldiers grew more angrie and wafpifh 
 then before .• but anon upon fair words and fpeeches, wherewith the Colonels entertained 
 thole of their acquaintance, with whom tbey had communication, they were well contented 
 and appealed, tor rirft tbey went about to their pavilions from one to another, and afterwards 
 to the Pri»cipia and the PrctoriMm, where they hapned to fpie feme knots of fouldieri met to- 
 gether and talking one with another .* and folpake unto them, as it tbey rather queftoned with 
 them what the caufe fliould be of their anger andfuddain commetion, then blamed them, or 
 laid any adlion to their charge. The reafon commonly pretended.was this, that their wages was 
 not duly paid at the day. Befides, they alledged, that whereas at the ftme time, when upon q 
 •• the trecherous faft of the lUiturgitans, there followed the loUe and death of two Generals, and 
 "the defeat of their two armies, they by their vertue bad defended the Roman name and ho- 
 "Doufjandlikewife kept the province to their behoof, the lUiturgitans bad indeed received con- 
 "dign puniihment f or tbeir offence and trelpaffe, but there was none that had requited and re- 
 •• compenced them for their good fervice accordingly. Belceve me (fay tbey again) your com- 
 " plaints are jolt and requells reafonablc, and we wiil make relation thereof to the Lord Gcnerall.- 
 "andglsd wc are in our hearts.that it is no worle,and that the cale is no more incuraDle tbenit is: 
 
 " " tor
 
 The eight and ti^entieth Boo{ofT. Livius. ^5 * e 
 
 A •' for God be thir\\ie6,P.Scipto and the common-wealj are both (ufficicnt and alfo willing to make 
 " you amends for all. 
 
 But Setpto.s I) an though ufed to the wars,yet altogether unacquainted withftorms of fouldiers 
 mutinies, vvas n.uchtioudled in Ipirit and perplexed, tor fear the army nnight exceed ireaiurein 
 traiifgrrfling or himlclfpafs his bounds in punifhingjfor the prcfent he thought gcbd to dealgen(= 
 ly wiihtbemlUU, as he bad begun, and lent abroad the coUcdors about the tributary Cities tc> 
 gather up the revenues, thereby to put them in good hope of pay, and tbn with (peed. And here- 
 upon there wtnt out an ediA and proclamation, that they fliould repair to (^arthacf^here to 
 call for their wages, cither by compai:ies apart one after another, or altogether in general^whe- 
 therchey would themit- Ives. 
 B And now by this cime, the fudden pacification of the Spaniards that were about to rcbell, Ril- 
 led the (cdi'ion of the louldiers quite, which of it (elf began to cool and flake already. For M^n- 
 do^itus zn>tlnatl>ilii , afcer it was ! cported ttiat Sripio was alive and livtlike, gave over their enter- 
 prile, and were rctiied agaia within their confines. So as now the fouldiers had neither Citizen 
 nor forreinerto take part with them in their tolly & furioHs rage. And when they had caft all about 
 what couric to take and what (liift to ir.ake, they found no other evafion, but the moll common 
 refuge and retreat cf all lewdcouniels and bad dtfignments, even to commit themfelvcs either 
 to the julf wrstb of tbcir Generall, or eHe to his clemency and mercy, whereof they were not pall 
 all hope, ind in ut.cr defpair. For why ? he had not pardoned even the very enemies,wiih whom 
 he bad fought in oattcll. And as for their mutiny, it was as yet wifhout bloodllied, and noburc 
 V done .• apJ a< it iclf was not cruel and outragious.lo It had dclcrvcd no exti earn and rigortus pu- 
 mlhment .• thu> reafoncd they and comforted themfelves, as naturally men are too prompt and 
 eloquent, totxtenuJte, to pailiat and doke their own faults, morel wot, then they (hould. This 
 was their only doubt, whether they were better to go by cohorts and fquadrons, or all at once to 
 command their pay. In the end they were of opinion,tbat the (afcr way was to go all in one train, 
 /it the very lamp time, whiles they among tbcmfelves laid their heads thus together in the camp, 
 there was a cooucel held at new Carthage about them, and much dilpute there was, and variety 
 of opinions, wncthcr tbey fliould proceed againft the heads and Captains only of the feditious 
 (wbovvere ir rummer noc a ove five and thirty) or by cutting ofT the greater (ort to punilTj this 
 _ looiiious example ai^d prciidcnt of arebellion ratherthen amutiny.But the milder fentence took 
 *^ place, njmr ty, tnai from whence the offence began, there thepunifhment fhould reft. And foe 
 themultiuJc, luiDcchattifement and rebuke was lufficient for their correftion. When the Coun- 
 Ccl wa> diimiUed and broken up, to the end that it might be thought abroad that they fat about no- 
 thing cllc lut this which rhcy pretended, thc-y puolilhed an fdift throughout all the army in Car- 
 thage.tor an expedition oi journey againft MaKdoaius and Ina.,btlU ; aod gave comira.idment to 
 maKcpfuviiion of viftuals tor certain daies. Atjd chofefevsnTribunes, who had before gone to 
 iSmcro tor to apptalc the mutiny there, were now lent tomeet that amy again.- and having fiva 
 names apctce given them of the principal authors of the forcfaid tumult, they had a diredion un- 
 to certain mtet perlonsforthepurpolc, tofti^wtbem good countenance, to Ipeak fairunio them 
 P and courteoufly to invite them home to tbeit houfes, and afford rht^m kind and frieidiy entcitein- 
 ■^ ment ; and after they had made them good cheer and brought them to bed, to :ake them beir g fa'.t 
 afleep upon their liberall drinking of winc,and to bind them fure hand and foot Now wb^n they 
 were not far off from C<r^^<»ff, they underftood bythofe whom they met and encountred upon 
 the way, that all the whole army, wasthenextdayfollowingtofct forth againd the I.ace ans.- 
 which tidings not only rid them of all fear, which fecretlyfurpnfed and poffelled their minds, but 
 alfo made them exceeding glad and joyous, for that they luppofed their Generall being now left 
 alone with their forces, they might do with him what they would themfelves, rather then be at 
 his commandment and devotion. And about fun-letting they cntred the City, and perceived 
 the other army providing and making all ready for the voiage above named. Received they were 
 and welcomed with gentle words, deviled and framed on purpofe: namely, that the L. Generall 
 f took great jjy and contentment for their coming, for that they werecomeib jufl before the fet- 
 tingout of the other army .'and lo they went torepoleand make much of themfelves. And with- 
 out any llir and tumult at all, the ringleaders of the fedition, were by the means of thofe Tri- 
 buns entertained and lodged in the houfes of certain perlons of good i*havior and niiet for that 
 purpofc, and there apprehended and imprifoned. At the reliefe of the fourth watch, the cariagas 
 bf that army, whole expedition was pretended, began to ftt forward on the journey .• andfome- 
 what 'before day the ftaadards and enligns advanced, but the whole army was deteinedand ftaied 
 atthe gates, and certain yvardersfent to keep all the padagcs and wayes, that no uian Qiould go 
 foilti of the City. Then were thofe (culdicrs who came the day before lummoned to an au- 
 dience : and f hey ran boldly into the market place to the Ttibuoall of the General, (is if 
 G with their o:;tcries and cla I otars they would have put him m lome fear and dread ofthetn. And 
 *J ttoncti.Trte both the Lord Generall himlelf inpcrlon afcendedupthsTribunall, and withallth« 
 armed fouldiers were oiought again from the gate, and enclo;ed roundabout at their backs 
 the qaarcnsd multitude ga'hcred together to hearan O-.ation. Then v/ere they danted, as lulty 
 asthey were before, and all their ciurage cooled .• and('astheyconlclTed afterwards themlelves) 
 nothing tc^ lied themlo uiuch,as the healthful ftrength and ficlh colour of the L. Generall beyond 
 ill their cxpi,^»tion, wajaicDcy thought vetily tohavetound lick and cralic.-ycaj and hi^coun- 
 
 B b b ^ tenaocg
 
 556 The [even and twentiethBooJ^ofT, Livius. 
 
 tenance and face lo vigorous and couragious, as they never remembred to have feen him lb H 
 lufiy in any batiell before. For a while he lat ^111 and (aid never a word, untill he was advertifed 
 that the Capt2ins of the mutiny were brought into the place and a !1 things elfe in readinefs. 
 Then after fileme made by an O^^-x, of the cryer , in this wife he began and faid. 
 
 " I vvould never have beleeved that I fliould have wanted words and proper language unto 
 " mine own arnf.y : not becaufe I have exercifed my felfatany time rather to make eloquent 
 *' fpeechesthen to manage valiant adions-, but for that being alwaies from mine infancy almoll 
 '« trained np in ihccamp,lhavebeen acquainted withthe natures and humours offouldiets.Buc 
 "in what manner I fliould fpeak unto you, neither my wits will give me advice, nor my tongue 
 " afr'ord me utterance : you, I fay, whom I wot not fo much as by what name to call. Should I 
 "term you Citizens, who have revolted from your native country, orfouldiers, who haverc- J 
 "nounced your Genetail, refufed tobeunder his command, his charge and government, and 
 ''made noconfcience to break the oath of your alleageance? Laftofall, ftiould Igiveyouthe 
 *\name of enemies? Now furely, me thinks 1 agnile the bodies, the faces,the apparel and habit of 
 " "mine own natural Citizens : but ccnuari wife, I fee plainly the deeds, the words,the intents and 
 '' niinds of arrant enemies.For what live ye wifhed and hoped for elfe,but the llergetes and the 
 *' Lacetaneshave donethelike? And yet I muft needs fay, that they had to follow fortheircap- 
 " tains in their outrage, yl/<i»ii(»iw« and /»<5('^»V//, two Princes of royallbloud: whereas youim- 
 " pofed the foveraign command 8i government upon Vmher AtriKs^biCa.le>ius Albtnus^.'^o bafc 
 " companions. Denie it now hardly if you wil,that you all either were in the a(5lion,or willing in 
 *'the intention.Verily I can eafily beleeve you in fo difavowing.and namely ,that all this proceed- *>. 
 " ed trom the folly of fome brainfick fellows among you. For the trefpafles committed are of that 
 " quality and confequence,that it the whole army were therein culpable, the expiation & purging 
 " ttjerolcould not be procured without great facrifices and exquifite punifhment. Full againlt my 
 "will I touch tbefe points, as fores and gals that will not abide the rubbing: but unlefle they be 
 " touched and handled too, they cannot poflibly be cutcd and healed. laffureyou, formmeown 
 " part,I thought verily,that when the Carthaginians were driven out oispain, there was neither 
 "place nor pcrfon throughout the whole province that had envied mylifcand health: fuch hath 
 *• been my cariage.and fo have I demeaned my feif not only with AllieSjbut alfo with enemies.Buc 
 "fee,howmuchIhavebeendeceived!eveninmineown camp,ihe news ofmy death was not on- 
 " ly received with joy,but expefted alfo with a longing defire.I fpeak not this.that I would have 
 '^ any man to imaginthat I conceive, how all in generall are guilty ofthisfaft (forif I were per- L 
 " fwaded in my mind, that my whole armv wifhed my death, I would here die prefently before 
 *' your eyes ; for what good would tny lile do me, repined of my fouldiers and fellow Citizens?) 
 *' But the multitude of evtry people is like trie ieas in nature; which of themfelves are nnmoveable 
 ' and flir not:as the wind? blow,astheciles go and come/o are they either calm ortroublefotnc 
 *' and unquiet : and even fo tbt caufe and fource of all this fury and outrage, is in fome few heads 
 '* and leaders. A'; for you,yehavetau[;httbeinfe6tionfromthem,andplaied the fools with them 
 " forcompany.Srrcly lamtbusppr'vv did or you this day, that ye know not yet,to what cnor- 
 " mous height of lolly ye nave pro icd.'d what mifchievous a£l ye were entred into againfl mine 
 " own periop; what you attemptcil -gai'^h yournativecountry,your wives and children; what 
 "youenterprifedagainf^ thegod? an ■ vvitnePes of your loyall oath; what ye havedone againlt M 
 *'the facredaurpii.es and happ^ ;orc)i c:, urder which yehaveferved in warfare} what ye have 
 " committed againU the culiomt & law of wsr, againll the difciplice of yout anceflors ; & final- 
 " ly, how prejudicial! and oflrenfive your dtfignes have been againft the foveraign majefty of the 
 "Roman empire. As for my feif.lamvvi.ling to fay nothing: conient I am to think; that ye ra- 
 "ther gave credit to my death rafliiy andin^onfideratly, then hearken therto willingly andgree- 
 *' dily. And it may be, thai. I have fo behaved my felf, that n© wonder it is, if mine armybewea- 
 "ry ofme and of my government. But what harm hath your country deferved at your hands 
 " which tobetr,iy,\efliouldcomplot with/T/-«Wo'7/«.';& Indilnlis} How hath the people of i?ow<r 
 '^ offended you, that you have deprived theKn. Marfhalsand Colonels created by the voices of 
 " the people, of their la wfoU rule and authority and conferred the fame upon privat perfons? f^ 
 "And being not therewith contented., to have and acknowledge them for your Colonels ; you, 
 '• even ycu the army of the Romans, have taken the knitches of rods belonging only to the Ge- 
 •'neral, and bellowed them upon thofe that never kepcfomuch asabondflaveof theirownto 
 *' command. AlbiHszv\d Atnus ^oi{ooi\\ fet rp their pavilions in that chief place and State in 
 *' the camp, wherethefoveraignmagiftrat ought to quarter : with them the trumpet founded : 
 " from them the fignall and watch-word was demanded , they fat as judges in the Tribunal feat 
 " of Scipio the Pro-conful : upon them the Liilors and Sergeants attended : for them they made 
 "way Avoided the place, againd they fhould go forth StmaKh in their flare: and before them 
 " were the rods born, and the axes withali.When it raineth (lones, when thunderbolts are fliot, 
 *' when lightnings flafh from heaven, when beafts bring forth (1 range, uncouth, andmonftrous q 
 " young ones,contrary to the cour'e of nature, you take them forprodigious figns and fearful! 
 " tokens. Nay this is a monOrous fight and wonder in deed, which by no facrifices of beafts,by 
 " no liipplications and praiers, can be purged and expiat, without the bloud of them that have 
 '•commitedio hainous a faft. And albeit no wicked crime can be founded upon any reafon, yet 
 " would I glsdly know of you(as in a cafe that indeed fhould not beoncenamed andremembred) 
 
 " what 
 
 c
 
 Tbefeven and twentieth Boo\ofT, Li vius. 557 
 
 A " what was in your mind ? whit imagined you ? and whit was your dcfignmcnt ? There was in 
 '• times palt a legion lent to Rhegimm, there to lie in garrilon. Traiteroufly and villanoufly they 
 *^marderedthe principal citizens there, and for ten years (pace poffeffed and kept that wealthy 
 '< town to their own bchooh For this notorious and beilty faft the whole legion, even four 
 " tboufand men and no fewer, were in the market place otiJow* beheaded every one. And 
 *■• yet they at the hrll followed not for their captain * u4trtu4 Vmber, one little better then a bn- • .. ,- ^ 
 •« der,sl<ullian, and follower of the camp, a man of an unlucky and unf rtunatc name, but Decim bcr-M\id\'ne 
 *ilHbeki$u a Tribune or Kn. MarOiall; neither joynf d tdey with /'rrr/i«* nor with the Samnitsand to /*<fr,blacic 
 " Lucansjprofefled enemies of the people of ^•wtf.Wherasje, have plotted in ccunieii.and meant 'n'l^'»*'«a 
 ''to have bandedinarms together with --Window «« & IndibUu, their purpofe was to have feated ''^''^ '^•«''>*' 
 B " themfelves for ever in Rhegium, like as before them the Campancs, who took Cafua from the 
 '' Tuscans. tho old inhabitants/ and the Mamertinslikewile; whopoffeffedtbemfelvcsin .?/c/7/of 
 •' Meftna^iDd never minded to molelt and make war cither upon the people of Refst«, or any ot 
 " their all'cs and contederats.'But tell rot I pray you, intended yc to have made your continuall re- 
 •• fidcnce,and to have dwelt at Sttcrof where if I your General at my dcpatturc out ot the province, 
 *' when my tunc and commiHion was expired, Qiould have left you behmd me, vc might have 
 *' cried tut upon me, and called for vcnjjeance toGod and man in regard of hardmeaiure and 
 '' wion^ offered unto you, in that ye might not bp peninttcd to return borne to your wives and 
 children. But alaSjWif e and children were cicantxcludcd out ol ycur mind:& yc thought no more 
 ■•'upon them, then ot me or of your native country. Well, 1 wililollowon Itill,and diicoutleupon 
 
 C *' your plot and defigns, wicked and ungracious though they were.yet haply not altogether lb foo- 
 " lifli 8: lottilli in the highelt degree as may t e iuppol(.d.la,agined yc being eight ttouland men in 
 *' numDer,(and fay that ye were all of better account & reckoning then yllbtui & ^trim are.un- 
 *'dcr whomye fubmitted yourfelves) to have been able for to defeat the people of /?ow« of the 
 •• province ot Sfain ?(o long as I lived, and the other army If ood found and Itrong .• wherwith in 
 «' one day 1 forced new Carthage j with which I difcomfitedput toflght,and chafed out 6'^/i»,four 
 •' brave Generals,and as many puiHantatmiesof the Carthaginians ? But let th,u go by, and to lay 
 *' afidc mv name, and to fpeakofnomoreabufc but this, that ye were very credulous and quick- 
 *' ly beleeved that I was dead. How then / what if I was departed this life and gone iodeedi' Had 
 *'the common-wealth together with me yceldcd up her ghoU? Would the mainftateand empire 
 
 D ''ot ^«nBtf have falntotbc ground with me at once? Forfcnd COj*p»ffr, almighty and mod gr«- 
 "ciousj that ever a City founded firftmofl happily, with the approbation of the gods, built eter- 
 <' nally for ever to endure,fhould be compared and made hut equal with this frail and mortall body 
 "of mine. F/amtmtu, PaHltts-, Gracchus^ PojihutaiHi Albmus^ M. MarceUm, T, QHintim Crifvi- 
 *' »«#, Cn. FhlviHs, two scifigs, my father and uncle both, fo many noble warriors and captains 
 *' have been flain in this one war ; and they are dead and gone : yet the people oi Rome continu- 
 * cth on foot and overliv eth them, yea, and lliall ftill, when a tboufand more of them fliall die, ei- 
 *'therupon the edge of tiiefword, or upon fomebcknels or ether. How (honld then the Hate of 
 " the people of Rome be cnterred & buried with the dead corps of me.but one man and no mote? 
 " Even you your f elves (to go no farther to leek cxsmpks^hetc in 5';i(«/», when my father and un- 
 
 •E «« cie t wo Generals,were killcd,cholc Septimiw Adartius for your captain,to lead againft the Car- 
 •' thaginians, being in the rufFand jollity of their frefh and late viflory. I (peak now, as though if 
 *' I had mircarriedyS"/).*/* had been left dcttitute and without a Commander and Generall. M.Syl- 
 *' lanm whowasfent with me in the province, joined in the tame commiflion and of equall au- 
 " thority ; L. Scipio my brother.and C. Ltclim, both Lieutenants generall : would thefc have fit ftill 
 "and donenothing? wonld thefe have failed to maintain and recover the majefty of our empire.*" 
 « Whatfcould ye have compared army for army, captains for captains with them ? was either youc 
 " reputation and credit,or your quarrel and caufe comparable ?and loppofe that in all thelc regards, 
 "ye have been fuperiour and gotten the vantage, wouldyeindecd with the Catthginians, have 
 '•born arms agiinft your native countryfagalnft: your fellow citizens^would ye in very truth,that y*- 
 
 F '< friek^ihouid have comma nded Jcalj/;iad Carthage the Ciiy oiRor^je ? And for what demerit and 
 • ' great tre(paffc,I pray you,that your country had committee? (^oritlaKtu long ago, being wrong- 
 " fully condemned and uia worthily bani(bed,leeing bimielf to live s aiiferable exiled man, was mo- 
 *' ved totakearmes and to come againft his country toalTailit. A privat regard of love and natu- 
 •* tall kmdneflc, reclaimed them from publick parricide. But what grief of heart, what fit of an- 
 " ger hathincited and provoked your? Set cafe your wages was paidlater by fome dales, whiles 
 " your General lay fickjwas that a I'utricient caufe for you to give defiance to your country & pro- 
 *' claim open war againll it f was that enough to caufe you to revolt from the people of ^ow* ^and 
 "turn to tQeIlergetes?and to ipare no law of God and man^but to break alUand make fbip wrack 
 '« of conlcience and common honeily ? now lurely, louldicrs, ye were out otyour wits, and fools 
 
 V «• ye were in the highelt degree. I was not my felf farther outof frame and fickcr in body then 
 "ye were in your mind and underflanding. I tremble to think upon it and to rcherfe.what folk oe- 
 "leeved, whattticy hoped, what they wifhed. Let allbc torgottw;n andburiedin obhvion.if it oe 
 *' poniblc .• if no: letjus not Ipeak otityet,howfover wcdo,butrake itupindeeptilence. I cannot 
 «' deny,but my words have leemed (harp and bitter unto yoa.and ailthismy fpeech very rigurous. 
 «' But how much more cruell think y care your dcfds, cbcn my words tart andlour .' Andifyc 
 odecuut iealonable,tb>t Ilhouidbeav& putuptbe things that ye bavs donCiWil ye tiot abide then 
 
 and
 
 ^ eg The eight and twenmthBoo\ofT, Livius. 
 
 '* and take in good part, and patiently to hear me to tell all that I can (ay ? But th efe matters [I wil H 
 •• lay no more in your difli hom henceforth; ye fhall be checked no more for them. Would God yc 
 «'• could as foon forget them, as I will put them out of my remembrance. And therefore as touching 
 •' you all in generall,if ye repent and be dilpleafed with your felves for your fault and folly, 1 (hiU 
 « be content and think you puni(hed to the ful. But as for Albius Calentu and ^triiu ^w^frjwith 
 ••tne reft of the authors of tbiscurfed anddeteftable mutiny, they (hall make amends tortheic 
 •' trelpaiTe and tranfgre^on, even with their heart-bloud; and they fhall furcly die for it. Tho 
 •'fpei^acle of their exemplary punilhment ought not to Icem unto you grievous and odious, but 
 «' rather a pleafaot and delegable fight,if ye have any grace in you,and be come again to your right 
 «' wiis. For their intent was tohart and domifchieftonomaaalive,moretbcn toyourfelves. 
 
 He had fcarce made an end of his fpeecb,when all at once, according to the order given before- I 
 handjthere was prelcnted to their cies and ears a terrible and fearful objeft on all fides. For the 
 army which had environed the affembly round about clattered their (words & bucklers together. 
 The common ctiec wis heard to cite by name all thole that were condemned therein the prefence 
 of the whole audience. Stripped they were naked, and baled forth in the mids of them all, and 
 every thing brought out at once for to accompliih the execution. Thus were they bou od to the 
 ftakc, whipped with rods, and their heads chopped oflF. Sobenumned they were all and aftonici 
 for rear, that were prcfent at the fight thereof, that there was not heard amongft them all one 
 fhrewd & hard word, in mifliking the rigor of the punifliment, no, not fo much as one groneor 
 fecret figb.Then their bodies were al drawn at one fidc,the place was made clean,& purged & al 
 the fouldiers were called by name & before the Colonels & Kn. Marfhals, i ware allcageance, and K 
 tobetrue (ouldiersunto Scipin.^ad every one according as be anfwered to his name,had his wa- 
 ges truly paid. This was the iflue and final end of the iboidiers mutiny, which began at Sncra. 
 
 At the fame time, Cspuin H anna ientby Mago from Gades with a (mall power of Atncani, 
 foUicited the Spaniards about the river Batis, for mony,to rebel and put in arms upon a four thoa- 
 fand able men. But afterwards he was forced by L.MArtiut toqnit his camp, and having loft the 
 greatcft part of his men inthe very tumult of taking the camp, yea,and fomein the flight, whom 
 ihe hotfmen purfued in chafe and flew as they ran ftragling, bimlclt with few others efcaped a- 
 ■way« Whiles thefe things hapncd about the river ^<f»i L<e/««» inthemcan time having paiTed 
 through the ftreights into the mainOcean, arrived with his navy at Carteta. This is a City ttand- 
 JBg on the feacoaft bounding upon rhe Ocean, even in the mouth of the river, wherg it firft open- L 
 eth from the ftreights into the broad fea. Now there was fome hope ^ashath> been aforefaid^ to 
 gain the City of Gades withoutany affault, bytreafon, for as much as there came fomcinto the 
 Roman camp, that ofthetiifclvef made offer and promile thereof. But the treafon brake forth too 
 loon and wasrevcaled before it v!vasMpc,.theconfpirators were all apprehended , and fentby Ma- 
 ^eunto v^^/j*r^<i/the Pretor, forto be conveied to Carthage. And jidherM hiving embarked 
 thofe traitors in aCaravcl or Gallion of five banks of oars, and lent her afore, bccaufeflie Wis 
 flower of fail than thoie of three banks; himfelf with eight three-banked gillies, followed apre- 
 ty way after. The faid Caravel of five courfe of oars, was not fo foon entred the Itraights, but 
 5c«/i# alfo being embarked in another Caravel ot the iamc fori, madeout ofthchavenof Carteia 
 .with fevenGallies of three ranks of oars and invefted -^dAtr^/i/ and the forefaid Gallies •• fup- M 
 pofing verily.that the enemies Caravel being taken tardy in the very current, was not able againft 
 the tideto reire. ^ahrl'aihdng thusfurpriled on the luddain, for a whileftood in fear and doubt 
 what to do } whetiier be had beft to follow on after bis own Caravcll, or turn the prows and 
 )t)eaks of his galiies, and make head againft the enemy. Thus whiles he ftood at a bay lingring, be 
 loft the opportunity of fhif ting and avoiding a battell : for now they were come within the dart 
 Chot, and the enemies on every fide were ready to charge. And thecurrent wasfoftrong, that 
 they were not able to rule and manage their fhips as they would. But the manner of fight was no- 
 thing at all like to a (ea- battell, tot as much as they could do nothing to their mind,nothing by skii 
 and dtxterity,ncthing by counfel and advice. The natureonely of the narrow fea, the violence of 
 the current was all in all. and ruled tde conflift, driving the fhips one againft another, as well up- N* 
 oniheir own fellows as upon their enemies : notwithltandingthey rowed and laboured what they 
 could to the contrary. So as one while ye fhould fee a fhip that fled and fcudded away, whirled 
 about back again with a witncfle by the waves, upon thofe that had her in chafe : and hkcwife 
 anothertuat fccmed to follow and purine after her enemie, iffhe bapnedonce into a contrary 
 courlcotbiliovves, toturntopand tail, and feemtoflic. Andintbe vcryconfliftit fo fell out, that 
 when as oneveflell ran with her beak head full butt upon another, Ihe was forced by waves to 
 turn bet fide, and receive in her flank the puih of her enemies. And contrari wife, when as one l»y 
 with herflsnkoppofite to the enemie, luddainly all at once Ihc fbould wind and whirle again 
 upon her prow, as the galiies fought thus doubtfully together, haphazard, at the pleafure and 
 will of Fortune; the Roman Cars veil ("were it becaule of her weight (he was able to ftand more Q 
 lU'idy againft the lurgingbilIows,orby reafon that fhe had more ranks ofoais that cut the waves, 
 ai-.d lo was more ealiiy ruled; chanced to fink two of the Imallcr galiies of the enemies ; and run- 
 ning faft by one with a forcible violence wiped away clean all the oars of one fide, and had no 
 doubt Ipojled and marred all the reft that flie would have invcftcd and charged upon, butthat 
 jidhcrbal, with the other five madelail, and got over imo Afric\. Ldhut having failed back 
 to Caneia with vi(aoryi and heard what bad been ^one at Cadet, rtatucly, liow the complot of 
 
 betraying
 
 The eight and twentieth Boo^ofT. Li vius. ^ ^q 
 
 luutdierj. 
 
 A 
 
 betraying the Hand was difclofed.theconfpiritorsfent bound onto ^4rf/&^j(;, and conlequently 
 
 all their hope fruftrate and turned to nothing upon which they came to Gudei ; dilpatched tncl- 
 fer.gers to L.Martitu, giving him to underftand, that unlefle they meant Ihli tolie before Gades, 
 trifling away the time and doing no good, the belt way was to return unto .Jo/xo the lord Gene- 
 rail : andib with the conient oiMarthu both of them within few daies repaired ^.oCarthaoe.U^, 
 on whole departure Magohi.d not oncly a time to breath bimlcit being frighted as he was with a 
 double fear both bv land & fea ; but alio bearing that the Ilergetes were revoItd,conceived fome 
 hope to recover Sj>At>i again, and addrelled hi> courriers to the Senat at Carthage : who by rcla- 
 
 p ting not only the civil mutiny that arofe m the Roiran campjbut alfa the rebeiiion of the confcde- 
 ratsfacdailby way of afuplificarion and enforcing every thing to the hi<^bcft degree) Ihoulii en- 
 courage and exhort them to fends aids for to regain the dominion oiSfam, left unto the.ii by de- 
 fcent over their ancellors. Mimdonsw, & Incitbtlti who were retired fora time into thtir confines 
 ontillt bey knew how the (edition iped and what was the iffue thereof jreftedrtill in lufptnce. Foe 
 if the naiurail citizens had their trelpafle forgiven,they made no doubt rhtmMves but they mi^'ht 
 be pardoned alfo. But when it was publidied abroad how feverely and (harpiy they were puniih- 
 cdjihey (uppofirg theirown tranlgreiTon todelerve the like punifhmcr-t, follicited their own 
 people again to take arms .• and thus having levied and afl'cmbled the lame power ot aids which 
 ibey hid before, they pafied intotbebcdetants country, where at the beginning they lay in Handing 
 
 P camp, being in all Joooo, and 2500 horJe Itrong. 
 
 "icmo after he had foon reconciled and won again the heart of his (ouldiersj as well by makios 
 true paiment of thsir wagcs,to the faulty and innocent alike, as al(o by (hewing a loving counte- 
 nance, and giving friendly words unto all indifferently 5 before that he diflodged and removed 
 from Carthagff allembled then all together to an audience." Where he inveighed bitterly and at • • u- 
 large againft the faldiood and trechery of the lords ofthe country that rebelled : and protelted be- ^"'""•" ' 
 " tore them all,that he went not now to be revenged of them for their wickednefs with the fame 
 "mind, wherewith lately before he had cured thefolly, and reformed theerror ofhis naturall 
 "• citizens; tor then quotbhe with gricfandgrone,yea, and with tears like as one that rent and cut 
 " his own bowels.l expiated and purged either the HiconfideratfollVjOrthe wilful malice of eight 
 
 £) '-thoulandmen, with the head of thirty peribns :butnov!f I go with joy and glad heart yea ani 
 " with a reiolurion to execute andjaiaflacrethe Ilergetes. For neither are they born in the lame land 
 '* with me, nor linked now in any ibciety at all unio nrte : the only bond of faith and amity which 
 •• was between us.that they have thtfmlelves firlf i npiouQy broken. But in my own army, befidcs 
 "that I fee they all arc either Roman citizens or elfe allies,'' and thole not Aliens but meer' Latins: 
 "this doth me good and moved me much, that there & ndt among them fo much as one fouldier 
 ■' to fpeak of, but was brought out of /M/y either by cfiTtieiincIe Cn. Scipio (who was the firft of 
 " the Re mm name that came a« L. Deputy into this province^lor elfe by my father who was Con- 
 «' luljor lalt.of all by my mine own felf.They are every one of them wel acquainted & inured with 
 " the name of Sciptoj, and ofed to their fortune and government : whom 1 gladly would conduft 
 
 £ « hom.Maie with metodefcrved triumph, atwi whom I hope to find ready to affift me with their 
 "favour when 1 ftand fora Ccnrulfhip5asif it were a matter that concerned the honor of them 
 "ailingencrall, as well as mire particular. And as for the expedition now in hand, wholoaver 
 ♦' taketh it to be a war.little remembercth the noble arts by me atchicved:for furely I make more 
 *• reckoning of Mago and his exploits.who is fled with a few (hips as it were out of the compalTe 
 <' of the world, in an Hand environed with the Ocean lea, then I do of the Illergetes. For there 
 '' in that place is not only a Carthaginian captain.but all the Carthaginian forces and (iength that 
 "now remain. Here are none but theeves and robbers, and their leader ; who peradventurc 
 *' may be of tome power and fufficiency to forage the fields,to burn the houfes,to drive away fome 
 "cattell of their ncighboursjbut to come tohand-ftrokesin a fit fight and ranged battell, they are 
 
 p «' of no valour and worth at all; who no doubt will come into the field, truft ing upon their good 
 *' footmanfhip lorunaway intherout, more than upon any force of arms to maintain the fight. 
 "And therefore I have thought good to put down and lupprelTethele Hergetcs.before I depart out 
 " of the province ; not for any prcl'ent danger at all, or fear of greater war that I fee may fprine 
 
 "from ihtr.ce ; but firft and principally, that lb ungracious and wicked a rebellion (liould not re- 
 •■• main unpuniOied ; and next becaute it might not be (aid.that in 3 province fo lubducd, as wel bv 
 " fingular pro wefle as rate felicity, there was left one enemie behind of the Romans. And therfore 
 <« in trie name of the gods follow after me, not fomachtomake jaff war (for ye are not to deal 
 " with enemies any way comparable unto you jas to take vengeance of wicked men, and to puniflj 
 " gtacelellepertons.Wbenhehadfininied hisipeech.hediimilTed them, with commandment to 
 Q be ready the next morrow to put themlelves in the journey : and after that he fet once forward by 
 thetenth day became to the river /i(fy«*, and when he had paded oyer, within 4 daies more ha 
 encamped it> the fight of his enemies. Now there was a plain rtiere, environed round about with 
 mountains; into which vale between, hecaufedihc cattell (and thofc were for the molf part dri- 
 ven out ot the enemies countrie; for to be put forth to grafing and all to provoke the anger of the 
 fiere and lavage enemies: and (cnt out wtthall, the light appointed archers toguard them: he 
 took order bclides,that when thele were one in skinnilli with the vancurriers of the enemies,/.*- 
 Awwiih his Cavalry fhould clotely from fome covert place give 1 fuddain charge. And for 
 this puri^ole, there was a hill that bare out handfomely to hide the ambulh of thofe horfctneo. 
 
 And
 
 ^6o The eight andtn^enmhBoo{ofT,Livms. 
 
 And prcfently without any delay, they came to skirmifb .- for the Spaniards made out to to tbeH 
 cattell lo (oon as ever they difcovered them a far off; the archers again i:nd darters ot the Romans 
 ran upon the Spaniards as they were bufie in their booty. And at firft they terrified them, and 
 skirmifhed with their fhot : but afterward, when they had fpent their arrows and darts, which 
 were better to begin a fray, then determine a battdl, they drew their naked fwords and be- 
 gan to fight clofe together toot to foot. And lurely the skirmifh of the footmen had been doubt- 
 fully decidedjbut th >t the horfemen came upon them: who not only affronted the enemies in their 
 face, and trampled them all undertheirhorfefect that came in their way, butalfo lome of them 
 b^viPg wheeled ^bout <;nd fet a compafle along the bill foot, ptefeoted themfelves at the back of 
 the enemies, lo as they enclofedand fhut up the moll part otthem in the middle between. Info- 
 much asthere eniucd a greater (1 ughter,tben commonly upon light skirmifbcs by way of fucb I 
 rodesand excuifions- But the barbarous people by this difcomfiture were rather kindled and en- 
 flimed to anger, then dsunted any way or difcouraged. And therfore, bee .ufe they would not 
 feem to h ve been difma.ed or affi:ighted,the morrow morning by day-Hght.they fhc wed them- 
 felves inbattell array .The ftreight and narrow valley, as is beforefsid, was not able to receive And 
 contain all their power .• for two third p irts welneer oftbe infantry and all the horfc were come 
 down into the plain field ; and the reft of their footmen befides, flood together quartered on the 
 fide oftbe hill. Sdpio juJged that the fcantneffc of the ground made for bim.both becaufe it teem- 
 ed th ttheRoman fouldiers were more fitted to fight in a fmill room tbeii the Spaniards.* and 
 alfo for thjt the enemies were engaged witbin that place, which w^s not able to contcintbe 
 the whole multitude .• and therefore he devifed a new ftratagembefides. For confidering that ba K 
 could not in lo narrow a fpace brin» his own c- valrie about to compaiTe and charge the wings and 
 points of their bsttcll, and that the borfmen which the enemies bad arranged together with their 
 infantry, would ferve theminnotlead; he gave direction unio Ltlitu to conduct theborfeas 
 clol'ely as he could about the bils, and toheepoffthe iquadrons of the cavalry fo far as poffibly 
 might be from the skirmifh ot the Infantry. Himfelf diredly turned all the enfigos oftbe foot- 
 mecoppofit againft the enemies, and matfliallcd the forefront with four cohorts only, becauic be 
 could not llrerch out the battellany broader: .nd then without delay he m:de haft to begin the 
 conflifl, to the end, that while the enemies were a muled and occupied in fight they fhould be 
 withdr.wn from efpying the horimen as they traverfed over the bils. Neither had they ^n eye of 
 tbematall, whiles they were brought bout, before they beard the noife and tumult of them as L 
 they charged upon thei^ backs. So they fought afunder in two feverall pUcest ^nd battels of foor, 
 and as many ot horfe encountred & joyned along the plain, becaufe the llrcigbtneffe oftbe ground 
 would not admit both horfe and root to fight together in one plot at oncCfNow when as the infan- 
 try of the Spaniards could not help the men pf rmes, and they again were a little fuccoured by 
 the Cava'ry, but tht the tootmentruttiog upon the Cavalry, were without good diredtion put 
 raflily to fight in the plam ground, and (o bCiten down and flain ; and the horfcmeo being en- 
 clofed round, could neither ^bide the enemies footmen afrontthem f for bytbis timetbeit own 
 infantry was overthrown and defeated^ nor yet endure behind them the hot atf ult of their borf- 
 men ; they left their hoifes, cafltbemlelves mto a ring, and after tbey had flood fo at defence 
 lorgtfme, wci e flain every one to thelaft man .-there was not I fayonefootmmor horfman left m 
 of all tboic that fought inthev Hey. As tor that third part wbich Hood upon the billfide, rather 
 to behold the fight m a pl'Ce of lecurity, than to take p tt with their fellows in the bdttell, tbey 
 had both time ..nd (pace to (hift for themfelves and elcape. Among whom, were the Princes A- 
 {o tbemlelvcs in perlbn, Madenitu and Indtbdn : who weie flipt awiy in the firft tumult of the 
 fight, before d\ the battiilons were environed. The f^mc day was the cmpalfoot the Spani- 
 ards forced, and therein belides other piliage, were taken priloners almoft three thouf and men. 
 Rom nsand allies there died in th t fight upon a 1200, and above three thoufand were fore butt. 
 The viftory no doubt had been obtcined withlefTcbloudfhed, if ebey h.dfoughtina more open 
 piece of groundiWhetc there had been better fcopc to ffie way. Thznindibflis giving over clean 
 tothink any moreof w rs, & fuppofing nothing fafer.then to have recotirfe to the approved good- jq 
 nefs and clemency of Scipia, itm his brother Mandonius unto him ; who fell pofttat down at bis 
 feet, blaming much ^as I be ca'jfe of their folly^ thefat ll rage and fury oftbe time ; wherein not 
 only the lUergecesj .nd Lacetanes, but Jfo >the Roman camp, as it were by ibme contagious 
 and pedilei^t infeflion, became frantick :indbcfides:he(nfelves: and laid witball, that tbe con- 
 dition of himlelfj his brother, and their followers and lub/i^tSs was luch, as tbey were ready if 
 it were lo thought good, either toyeeldup their livily bieach tintoSr^p/c, at whole very bands 
 they b d once received the f me ; or if they might now be pardoned and faved, todevote and era- 
 ploy their lives for ever hereafter wholly in bis fervice, as being now twice due unto him alone, 
 and tio other. Once after they prefumed upon confidence in tfceir innocent Ciufe, wlienasyet 
 they h d no experience of his clemency .• but now contrarywife they repoledjllthc'r full hope in q 
 the mercy oftbe conqueror, and nothing trufting in rhe goodnelsot the quarrell. Now it was an 
 old cuflome among the Rom ns, nottoexercile the ablolute authority of the government upon 
 any faS tbey did to peaceable fnbjefts) with whom they wcic otither confcdered in equalland re- 
 ciprocall covenants , nor linked in the bands cf amjty ; before they (iirreodercd up onto ttiem all 
 rights, as well divine as humane .- before I lay they had received bollages of them, taken armor . 
 hom tbcm^and plainted garrilous in their towos and Cities. Scifio after be bad fharply rebuked 
 
 and
 
 The eight and twentieth Boo{of T. Livius. g^i 
 
 A and roundly Shaken up yW/i«<i)W/« thereprcfent.andlikewire/w^'^'/fj that was abfent, (aid, that 
 for their wicked parts & lewd dcmeanor,they had vvotthily dclei ved death:buc live they fliould by 
 bis goodnels and the gracious favour of the people ot A'cwf.And moreover be promiied neither to 
 delpoii them ot thi^ir armour & wcapons(the leizing whereof was put a pawn and alTurance no- 
 to luch as feared rebellion 5 for asfor him, helett uiitoihsm theirarinour freely to ule at thcic 
 plcaiure, and their hearts and minds I'ecured from tcar^ nor proceed in rigor and cruelty againd 
 the guiltle tTe holtagtS, but againll their own perloni, if (hey went out and revolied agam: roi 
 yet would he content hjmleU to be revenged ot dilara.ed and naked enemies.l ut the offenders & 
 iranlgrcllorsniooid in their am ts'ufFer for their delerts. And now fince they iiad tried both for- 
 tunes, as well the one as the othcr,hc put unto their choifi-, whether they had rather have the Ro- 
 j> mai.s pacified or diipleafed, friends or enemies ? So Maniomm had a tiir delivery ; only there 
 was an iinpohtion and tine laid unto him and Ihdibilii^ of a ium of money for iLuldiers pay. Sci- 
 fio himlelf itter he had lent Aiartius before into the farther part ot Sfntn (beyond the river Ihc 
 rw) and .V; //<««»» back again to T^rr^ecsw, lUid ibmefew dales untill thelUergetes had made pay- 
 ment of the monies tbatthcv were charged witli : and then vvithall b«'.o'jldiers ligntly appoint- 
 ed without c^riages marched in a tunning camp to overtake.'^/^rr/a^.wbo by that time approach- 
 ed neet unto t.n: Ocean. 
 
 The treaty wnicn MdfuHijfn began before time, was upon fondry occaf.cns put off Ihll and de- 
 ferred, l^or tne Numidun Prince was very defucus to parley & commune with Scipw himfelf in 
 person & m chengut hand to illurehim of fealty ; which was the very caule then, that Scrpio took 
 ^ lb long a jouiirney lotar out ofhis vny^Mafan/Jft being now at Gadeiyind advertiled by Afarcita 
 that ios/owsscoming and nccr at hand, flicwed faltc iemblance to yl/<i^ff, made many cxcufes, 
 2c found i>iucti tault,naindy,that their houtes being pinned up and pellred within the Hand, were 
 welnecrlou and Ipoilfd : and thatby their long abode there, nor only they made otheis teel the 
 want and I'carcity of all things, but alio tafted thereof themlelves : and befides that his men of arms 
 for very ealc and idienelle, became feeble Siid unlulfy. By which luggellio.ns he pcrlvvaded 
 with .<i4/?^o, and prevailed with him lb much) asto tuffer hmi to crolTe over into the eontinent, 
 under colour to wall and tpoil the land ot.S^f<a'» next adjoyning. When ^le was palled ovtr, he 
 lent before him three pnncipall Numidians, gentlemen of mark, to appoint both the time and the 
 place ofthtirmeeting and conference, andgaveorder, that Jc/polhould dctein tomeoftheni 
 witbbim as pledges .-the tlurd waslentback,toconduftJ/«j/4«/j/dtotheapp.:inred place accord* 
 ^ ing as he was conimandcd, and lo with a lirall company they met for to cujparle and commune 
 together. 
 
 Now yNisMajaKifa tbeNumidian King poffetTed before with a wonderful admiration o^Scifit 
 and bis vertue, by reafon ot the fame that was blazed abroad ot bis noble afts ; and had concei- 
 ved witball and imaginedjthat he wasa manrightpetfonablc.oft mighty big and goodly ftainre, 
 but when brtonccfavv him in place, he grew into 8 far greater reverence and honor of his pcrfon. 
 Tor betides the exceeding majefty and port that naturally hscirricd With hirn, bis goodly long 
 bulli »f bair well became and graced him ; the habit alio and attire of the body, manly & tbuldier- 
 likt,not brave nor tricked up deintilyand delicatly, much adorntd and let him out. And tor bis age 
 P he was in the bell & height ot hisltrcngih: which feemed upon his late ficknels, more full, more 
 Imugandttelli, asittbe very prime and flour of his youth had been renewed, and himfelf call a- 
 gaininanew mould. TbeNumidian ('at their fitlt meeting jalmoft aftonied, gave him thanks 
 lor fending back his broiiieis ton unto him, fayingt " Thateverlincc that time, he fought to cfpie 
 feme occafion and tit opporf unity,which now at length by the goodnefs of the immortall gods be- 
 " ing prcfentcd onto him, be bad not neglefled and let flip .• Proteft ing that he was mod defirous 
 *'bothtodo bim favour, andtogratihe thepeopleof ^owfinany kind of lervjce : in lb mncb 
 astherewajnoone foremer njorc earnett& ready to advance and better the State of the Romans 
 '^iheahimlclf : whicfcfilheit be tiad been willing unto heretofore j be could not poflibly lliew iti 
 *• tffed.iolongashe was in5/)<ii»,tftrangecountry,and unknown unto bim ; but inthat wherein 
 P " he wis born & brought up in hope of fucctflion in bis fathers Kingdom,he would be moll for- 
 " wardto perlonn. Fcr^iacafe theRomans wouldfendbut .bV/^/tf as L.Generallinto v^fr/f/^.bo 
 made no doubt hut hoped afluredly, that r<sr»/;<j^c bad not long to continue and rtand, but loon 
 '' would come to a tiaail end. Scipio for his part was glad both to fee bim, and bear bim lb 
 fpcak ; knowing this tuil well, that of all the cavalry of the enemies, Aiafani fa zndths Numidi- 
 ans went ever away with pcick & prize & the young man himlelt in his very countenance carried 
 with him a good (hew of ,\ brave and hatity mind.So after faithfuU promile given and received on 
 both parts, ScipioiatucdtaTaracom 3V\i M.i/ayttfa when he had by the permiflionof the Ro- 
 tnans foraged the coalts next ad joyning, becaul'e he might not teem to have paffed over into the 
 main land for cothing, returned into Gades, 
 Q When Ala^a now being in utter defpair of Spttin (vvhfreof he had conceived great hopes, and 
 bare bimiclf lo proudly ; firll upon the mutiny of ti.ieiouldiers,and atterwards upon thcrevolt & 
 rebellion oilndtbtUi) made preparation to tail over into yf/r/c^, there came a mefl'age unto bim 
 iiotaCarthaga, thatihe .'ienatthcrehadgiven ordsranddiredioa, That be fliould tranfport the 
 armado which he had at G-j'^e/, and paMc inio/M/; : and there totake up and wsge all the able 
 men that pofibly ha could levy.eithcr of Gauls or of Ligurians; & (o to joyn with hispoweruntb 
 Amh^i andnottofufTcrthat war to quailandflakcnow, Which was enterpriled with greatelt 
 
 toics
 
 e^2 "^he eight and mentietb Boo}\ofT. Livius. 
 
 Jorce and endeavor, andyet, with greater favour of fortnnet For this exploit, both trea(urc was H 
 , brought f.xomCdrthageio Magox and himfelfsUo raited as great Turns as poffibly be could of the 
 Gaditanes,having not only emptied tbecomtnon tteafureof thelland,but fpoiled alio the temples, 
 yea and breed all privatperlons to bring abroad all their gold and filverwhstloevcr. As be Tailed 
 along the coaft of 5/)4f», he landed his looldiery not far from new C^r/A<i^f.' and after he hsd 
 Waflcd and overrun the territories by the Ssa fide, he approached ncer with his fleet, and rid at 
 sncbor before the City.- where all the day long he kept bis fonldiers within their fhips, and by 
 night fet themafhore, andled them toward the part of the wall, whereas Crtrf^«i^<r was by the 
 Romans won .• fappofing that the City was not Tufficiently defended with aitrongeguard, and 
 that lomeof the townTmen, upon hope of a change and alteration, would rile up in armes and rc- 
 bell. But there were come polts out of the country in all haft bt forehand, who hsd brought news, I 
 as well of the foraging of the country & fcarfull flight oftberufticall peaTants.as of the coming of 
 thecnemies.Moreo7ertbearmadowasdefcriedallointhedaytime-,& it wasapparant, that they 
 made not choife to anchor even jud in the rode before the City, for nothing. And therefore the 
 the City fouldiers Qood ready, well appomted, and in armes, and kept within that gate, which 
 turned toward the lake and the fea. And when the enemies^ fouldiers and marriners confufcdly 
 together, were come in great dilorder under the walls, with more tumultuous noiTe then forcible 
 violence .• the Romans at once fuddainly fet open their gate, and with a great crie and (hout,made 
 a Tally upon t hem, charged the cnemies,troubled and dilordered them.& at the firfl onfct & voUy 
 of (hot diTcomfited and put them to flight, yea,and with much flaughter chaled them to the (bore.- 
 and tut that the veflels ttood dofe to theftrand, ready to receive them abroad as they fled lo k 
 fearfully ,there hadnot been one left alive,either in the flight or fight. Nay, they that were in the 
 very fliips were in great iffiigbt& peril.whiles to prevent the enemies of breaking in upon ihcm 
 pell well with their own company, they pull'd upthe ladders, drew in the planks, cut a two the 
 ropes whertby the fnips were fattened to the banks, yea, and the very cables for haft, that they 
 might have no hinderance by weighing anchor: fo that many there werc.who in Twimming to the 
 lliips, becaule they knew not in the darkcnight,which way to go or what to avoid, perifhcd mi- 
 fcrably. The next day, when the armado was fled from thence back again into the Ocean from 
 whence it came, they were found flaiu eight hundred men .and of armors and corflets between 
 tbe City wall and the lea fhore, two tbouland. * 
 
 Mago being retired to GAdes^ was excluded from thence, and arrived with his fleet at [imbist j, 
 a place not far from Gaetes. From whence he lent Embaffadors, to complain that the gates were 
 fhutagainfthim, being their allie and friend .-and when the Gadifanes excufed themfelvesand 
 Jaid.that it was long of an uprote of the multitude,wbo were offended & aggrieved for certain rob- 
 beries committed, and Tpoil made by the fouldiers at their departure, and when they were ready 
 JO be embarked; he trained forth to parly their head magiftrats (whom the Carthaginians call 
 ^«^«rj^togethcr with the chief Treaiurer ; and after they were scourged and their skin pitteouOy 
 torn, he commanded them to be roundly ttuffed up and crucified. From thence he failed to Pnj- 
 ufa, an Hand dilfant from the main an hundred miles, inhabited at that time by Carthaginians, 
 U'here the fleet was friendly and peaceably received : & not only provided for liberally of (fore of 
 vidfQals> but alfo fuinifhed with lufty men, for marriners to Terve at fea, yea, and with armor and ^j 
 mtinitioo for fouldiers. Upon which forces Mags bare bimlelf confident and bold, and fetting fail 
 fell within the Balear Iland$,that were fifty miles off.Now there are two of thefc Hands called Ba- 
 leares, the one greater then the other, and more mighty both in men and munition .• having an ha- 
 ven and harbour where Mago fuppoled that he might comrrodioufly winter in. But the llanders 
 withflood bis navy with as great hoftility, as if they had been Romans that had inhabited the I- 
 land, they could not have done more. And as now adaies they uTe for the nroft part flings, fo at 
 that time they praftifed no other kind of weaponsat all. And in no nation befidcs, can ye find one 
 ipeciall perfon, fomucbto excell in that feat, as all the Balears generally do exceed and furpafle 
 others in the call and flight thereof. And therefore they difcharged and levelled among them, as 
 the armado approached the fliore, fuch fliore oflloncs flying about their ears as thick as hail, that I$4 
 they durft not enter the htven, but turned their (hips into the main fea again. Then they put over 
 totheleffer* Hand of tbe Balears, whichas it was fertile in foil, fo for men and armor it was no- 
 •Minorique, thing (oftrong. Whereupon they disbarked and came a land, and above the haven in a ft rong and 
 as the g'ater well fenced place they encamped. And having gotten to be mafters both of the City and territo- 
 !' f'"^** ^*" ry about if, without any force of armes and confiid, they levied and enrolled there among them 
 ""^"^^ ' two tbouland auxiliary fouldiers, whom they (ent to Carthage for to winter, and then they drew 
 
 up their fhips aland into the dock. When AUge was once departed fcomlhe Ocean leacoalf, the 
 Gaditansfurrendred ihcm(e!vcs to the Romans. 
 
 Thefe were tbe acts atchieved in Spain, undet the conduQ & fortunat government ofP.Scipia, 
 who having delivered the charge of the province to LLe»tit/i*t, avid A<fa»liM Jadinut, return- q 
 cdto^ow* with a fleet often fail. He had audienccgiven himin the Seoat, aifembledin tbe 
 temple of i?f//M<i, without the City-- where fie dilcourlcd before them in order from point to point, 
 otallthe ntfairs and exploits that bebaddone m Spain .■ Namely, bow often bebadfougbtio 
 fet and ranged battels : wbat a number of towns be bad forced and won from the enemies; 
 ^what nations be had fubjued and brought in (ubjeAion under tbe (fate of ^c/w« > bowatfiift
 
 The eight and twentieth Boo\^ of TXi vius. c6:i 
 
 f^ be paffed into Spain, againrt four general captains and four viftorious armies ; and now Hadtioc 
 Jefc one Carthaginian in all thole parts. Yet for all therenobledeeds,heratherafl'iicd what hope 
 he might have of a triumph^thanmade-iny hot& e^rne(i lute therefore:beLaufe it was never feen 
 to that day, that any one had triumphed who made war, being himfelf no principal M^ofHtate. 
 After the Senat was riienand difmiflcd he entred the City.-and cauled to be ( arried before'iiiififti- 
 to the Chamber of A'ow^-, of fihcr in bullion, 14541 pounds weight ; and in coin beridc<;,a ^r<^ac 
 quantity. Then L.VcturiM /'//^ held the IblemnaHembly forcreationot Coll. and all the Centu- 
 ries in general, with exceeding favour and affe6>ion elected l\SciptoCo\.md tor to be hi? compa- 
 nion in government, P. Lfcr.?,i/.s Crajfttf the Archbifhop was joyned unto him. But this aflembly 
 ( as we find in records ) was celebrated with more frequency of people, than ever any had been 
 
 g known during this war. tor they repaired and met from all parts, not only to give their voices, 
 but alfotofee6V-;)v;:niy they nn ingrctit numbers to his houfe, and into the Capicoll, when he 
 fatrificed and flew an hundred oxen in lacrifice for the honour of J«/j/frr, according to his vfiw 
 which he had made in i'/j^^m. And all mens minds gave them, and they wereaflnredly pcrlvvadcd 
 in their hearts that as L.LM.uus finifned the former Punitk war, fo ,". Cor>iebns would make an 
 end of that which was now inhand: and like as he had driven all theCartbaginianf; forth of 
 SfAi»,\o woufd Scif.o hunt them out oiltdj : and every man in his conceit willied and affigned 
 unto him the Provimeof A;/i''f<,asiftiie war in Italy had been July brought to an end. Then en- 
 Uied the eledion ot the Practor^-.Atid two were treated that were then Adiles of theCommons, 
 to wit,5/.L«cr;t/?</,and Cn.Oi'ra-Aus:&r\d. of private perfons,0/.5f)-w7/«/ Sap/o, and L. tA-m^lvis 
 
 Q PapjiH.'. In the fourteenth year of the Punick wa: , P, Coy-nelms Scipw, and P, Uc;ni:;s Cmjfnsen- 
 ired their Conlullhip. And unto the Confuh were the Provinces appointed : namelyjunto SclpYo 
 was Sf'rVy granted without caliing lois,and that with theconientand good liking of his ColScgiie, 
 becaufehe being the ArchbiOiop, wasby vertueof that dignity kept If ill in Itdly, for to fee to the 
 facrifices divine ferviccand Church matters : and unto Cr^j/z/j the country o\ Br::t!i wy?. nffi>n<.d. 
 Tiien the provinces for the Praetors were put ro thelotcery.and the civil jurifditlion wichihT,';??^;? 
 fell to Cn-ServU'Hs: ArimtHHrn ( (o4(p tlieyf Called G.itiha ) unto Sp, Lucretitts : Sicily \y%'i allotted 
 to L.ty^myliHS- and Larciiniaio C^.O^Fi'vl'^.', 'J_, 
 
 The Senat afiembled in the Cipkolywhcte P nhlius Scrph propoi^nded an Aft,and it wasc^oni 
 firmed by the authority of the houfe. That out of the money vrhii.h himfeif brought into the 
 
 P common treafufe he might be allowed to defray the charges of thofe plaies .-vnd games that he had 
 vowed in .sp.r/« during the time oftheSouldiers mutiny. Then he called the Hrrtbafl'adors of the 
 Saguntin^ into the Senac houfe: andthemoit ancient mjnamongft themfpake in this wife: 
 
 "Although right honourable, itbenotpofl'ible'tofind anymore mifericsSc calamities than we j,^ q . 
 " have endured already in the maintenance of our faifhfu! allegeance unto you even unto the end, ^f ihc Sae° n- 
 " yec fuch have your deferts been to us ward, & fo m.^ny '"avours have we te.eived 61 your cap- tine Embarsa. 
 "tain Generals, that we think not much nor re^enebf any damage or lofs, that we havefu- dors in the Se- 
 '*ftained in that behaif.Forfirft yeeritredinto theqac!rrH,5c began the war for our fake ; and ha- an af Rome. 
 ''ving once begun it,ye have continued therein for the fuil fpate of 14 years ; ;ind tl'.st with Wch 
 "refolution that ofrtimesjas ye have plnnded your feivesinco?xtreim peril & danger, fo ye have 
 
 E " engaged no lefs the State of the Carthaginians. For at wh:.r time as ye had within In'lri crucll 
 " and bloudy wa; 8c Anaib-i! your mortall enemy, ye fent forth yo«r Ccff.with armies In'^6 Spa n^ 
 "as it were to gather up the broken reliques of our fi!ipwra'"k./';/^.andr;7.C<?"«/<ithi'rwobrC- 
 " thren,from the firll time that tbcy came into the Proin_e,never ceafedtodevi;e and do vvhat- 
 "foever might eitheradvantage us, or endamage yur enemies. Forflrlf andformoll theyrellorcd 
 " unco us our town again : tlicn having made enquiry througliont all ^'z) w>7Vwhere any one of our 
 *' Citizens were fold as flaves they delivered and redeemed ihem cut ofmifer:bie feritudc, and 
 " recovered for them theirformer freedom.Biit fee; When we were well-near come to ihi-; good 
 " pafsjthat from our poor & pitiful edace we were rai'ed up to a wiflied for and defirable fortune, 
 " then Pnb. And Cn. Cor:-:: Hi your Generals fuodenly died : whofe death hapncd in manner more 
 
 p '' lamentable and doloious unto us thun unto you. For then we thought verily thus of our felves, 
 " That we were reduced from remote &diHaut places unto ourancienc habiration/or rhispur- 
 ''pofc'thatwe (hould perifiionce again and fee a I'econd ovc'throwanddeftruilion of ourn.uive 
 "country: Knowing thus much, that for to work o«rirtt:ercon''urion there needed not aCartha- 
 "ginian captain or army tobe the inllrumentand the means; for even the Tnrdctans alone, our 
 *•' molf ancient enemies who were the caufe alfo of our former ruin and undoing, were aWe with 
 " their own forces to root us out clean, and extinouin-i ouruamei But behold whiles we were in 
 " ihefe perplexitieS;immediac';y beyond allour hope and expe:btion,ye fent among ti- this noble 
 " Scipio herein place. In whole behalf wecount ov,i fe!ves of all Saguntins mo!f h.;ppy Bscanfe we 
 " havefeen himdedared Col", already, and fliall be abl; to report the news unto out* nerghbcuri? 
 
 G" and fellow Citizens tf'^acwe have beheld with o'.irown eves, even our whole hope, our help, 
 '■'• our health and fafety. Who having forced & won very manv Cities and towns of v'ur enemies 
 "in.9p;;; at all times and in all places let the Saguntins apart from out of other priforier*& cap- 
 stives, and i'entthem home again into their own co-dntry. FinaliY,asfor Turi.tm^'a an^'ionfo 
 adverfe.and fo dangerous enemies unto us. that if it ilr^uld continue dill in ■^ro\^?.t\i^^S,''<rny;'f4nt 
 '"•could not polfiMy fland upright ; he hath by force of arm.^ fo quelled and tamed it tb.it neither 
 " we our felveSjnor(be it fpoken without arrogance ) anv of our porterity hereafterneed if and in 
 
 C c c '' tear
 
 :>i§-A 7 be eight and wentitth Boo\\^ o/T.Livius. 
 
 "■ ieai of any danger from chence.We lee before our eyes their City rafed,ac whofe inftjgation Sc ^ 
 " whom forto "catitie .'J w»;^<«/ before hadrafed 5;^i^;.<,r»fe;aDd out of their lands now-,wegather 
 '' rents and revenues: whith contenteih our hearts not lb much for profit & gain, as for quittance 
 " and revenue. In conhderation and regard of thefe benefits and good turnsjwhich be fuch,as grea- 
 "ter vvecannoc hope nor vvifti for at the handset the immortal gods:theSenat and people of 5^- 
 *■ guMum hath fent us ten here in Embaflie unto you^lor to give you thanks in their name;& with- 
 " al!,to rejoyce and congratulate in your behalf for the happy hand ye have made, and the fortu- 
 ''nate exploits ye have atchieved thefe lalt years pait, as well in Sfatm%\n /f<i/y j namely, that ye 
 " have fubdued, and do hold inpoffeflionall5p.«», not only lo far as to the river AV>-w,but even 
 "to ihelands endjand the utmolt point lying upon the Ocean fea^And as for Italy^yt have left no 
 "more ground in it ioi Annio. /and the Carthaginians, than they empale within thecompafs of I 
 '• tren.h and rampier.Moieover we have in fpeciall charge not only to render thankfgiving .here- 
 '■'■ fore to almighty and moli: gracious jf/^j^/fer^the patron of the fortrefs andCaflle of the Capitol, 
 "but alio to ottcrScprefent unto him('ifit might rtand with your good grace and liking)this gol- 
 " den crown; and to let it up in the Capitoljn token and memorialofVidory. VVhich wehum- 
 "blybefeech your HH.ofyour favour to grant unto us: andmoreovetjfifitpleafe you)toratifie 
 *' and confirm for eyerby your authority and approbation.ail thofe benefits, franchifes,and privi- 
 " ledges, which your Generals have of their goodnefs vouchfafed to endow us with. 
 
 The Senat made this anfweriothe SaguntinEmbafladors. ''-That both the raling and alfo the 
 " rearing again of Sa^untum fhould be a memorable example to all nations^of the uithful locie- 
 " ty andiiliiance,obferved both of the one part and the other inviolate.And whereas their Gene- K 
 ^"rals had re-edified the City of 5ijj-;;^trt»!,and delivered the Citizens thereoffromlervitude and 
 '' bondagCjthey had therein done well and tiuly-.and by direction .according to the wiil and plea- 
 " fure ot the Senat. And whatfoever elfe was performed by them to the good and benefit of the 
 "Saguntins,the Senat Hood willing and contented therewith) and gave order therefore. As for 
 "their prefcntand oblation, good leave they had to bellow, it folemnly in the Temple ot the Ca- 
 "• pitol. After this order was given^ That the I^mbafladors fhould have their lodging appointed 
 them, and prefentsfentuntothem,and all other entertainment at the charges of theCity,yea,aDd 
 by way of a reward, an allowance of nolels than ten thopfaniil Afles apeece. 
 
 Then were the other EmbaCfadors adruitted into the Senat- houfe, and audience given them. 
 Alfo the requert olthe Saguntins was granted to go and fee Ita/y tor their pleafure, fo far forth as L 
 they might with fecurity of their perfons:and cercain guides were afligned to conduft and accom- 
 pany them, with efpecial letters alfo direft^d i^ito all Civics tod towns, for to receive the Spani- 
 ards Iriendlyand give them courteous qntqrtaipment. ;, r ^ 
 
 Thefe things done,the Senators fat in cpniuitaiion .tbont thft<tate and commonweal, & treated 
 concerning the levying of new armieS;&ti?edifttibutip_9,of the Provinces, Now when as the com- 
 mon brute went that P.Scipio was dellinejd & named to_a new prpvince of Ajfrickfii all mengave 
 out wiih open voice.thathe was theman to befent thitherdireilly, withoutcaliing lots for the 
 matter : and himfelfbefides not telling content now with mean glory, laid openly, that he was 
 declared Cof.not only for to maintain war but alfo to finifli andmake an end thereof once for all: 
 whiiln-ould nocbeeffcd^edby any other means, unlefs himfelf in perfon made a voyage with an M 
 army into Ajfrid-J^ proteftingmoreover, That if the Senat eroded and gainfaid this defign of his 
 he would propound it to the people, and carry it a way clear by their voices : whiles the principal 
 LL.and ancients of the Senat werenothingpleafedwith thisrefolutionof his, butdurft not fay a 
 word and fpeak their minds, either tor fear, or for courting of him.inhope of preferment ; only 
 Q^.Fabiashung demanded his opinion,fpake tothe matter in queftion to this effeft. 
 The Oration '• Ri^ht honourable and my LL.of the Senatjknow ful vvell,that many ofyou hereafTembled 
 of ^t^ibiHi, '• are of this mind Stverily pet'iwadcd,That we sre fet this day to no purpofe.but even to confuk 
 "si debate of a matter clearly determined; S: that in vain hefliall fpend words,who£hall deliver 
 " his advice of the Province of ^jfr/c;^ as of a point as yet doubtful & not refolved upon already. 
 *' For mine own part,firft I cannot com eive neither will it enter into my head, how Afrkk^can N 
 " polTibly now be ac\ounted as a Province &; ..ifigned certainly unto your Cof. ('let him be a man 
 " right hardy .&: of as much valour as may be)coni:dering th.it neither the Senat unto this day hath 
 "judged it nor the people ordained Si affigned it to any perfon in the nature and name of a Pro- 
 *' vince. Furthermore, if it werefo indeed without ail peradventure then inmy judgment the 
 "Cof,hath doneamifs, who in making fembi;;nLC to put a matter for to be debated, which isal- 
 " ready agreed upon.hath deluded and mocked the whole Senat and not the Senator, who in his 
 "courfe delivercth his opinion of the thing in queftion. But I amaf.urcd that in gainfayingand 
 "crofTingthishally voyage into AjfnV/'jIfliallin. urthe finider opinion & 'urmiieottwo things: 
 *'theoncis of my uUial lin;i;ring and flow proceeding in all mine a£\ions( a courfe that naturally! 
 ''am given unto) whiLh \oungmenmay term at their pleafure, timoroufnefs and apinefs ; but foQ 
 " long as I have no came co repent therfore,! pafs the lefs.For furely hitherto the ad v ices of others 
 " have ever at the firll fight made a goodlier fhew,and ftemed more honourable ; but by experi- 
 ''ence mine own waieshave rpedbeiter,and been found in the end mo-eeffedual. The other is, 
 <' of backbiting detraction ,and envying at the glory and reputation of theCof. a manoffinoular 
 ^'prowefs(Imulf confefs)& whom I fee to grow from day to day in sreatnefs and honour. From 
 '' which jealoufie and fufpition,if neither my life palTed and the carriage of my lelf J ifneithermy 
 
 "Divtator-
 
 The eight andtn^entieth Boo\ of T. X^ivius. 565 
 
 A"DiftatorIhipwich fiveConfulflnips, nor fo much glory which I have acquired as well in mana- 
 ^'gtng the affairs of war abroad, as of civill policy at nomeC that a man would think I fliould ra- 
 " rher be glutted therewith than defire any more ) be able to clear and alVoil me ; yet my years at 
 " lealtwife may free me very well. For what concurrence and emulation can there be between me 
 "and him, who is not of equall age withmy very I'on PWhenI was Dii^ator, in the vigour and 
 " flower of iryHrength, inthevery courleandtrain ofmy greateitand braveltexpicits, no man 
 "eirher inSenat or intheaflembly ofthepeople,heardme to refufeanddenyThat my ownGc- 
 " neral otCavalry,vvho could not afford me a good wordibutever railedatme ('a thing that was 
 ''never heard bet ore) fliouldbemadeequail witli my lelf in command and government. Andyec 
 
 B " by good deed> ratherthan by fair words, I effe£led and gained thus much in the end, that he, 
 "who in the judgment of others was macched with me and made my fellow, confeflsd within a 
 " while himfelt to be my inferior. Leis reafon have I then now, after I have gone through all de- 
 "grees of honors and dignities^to enter into contention &: emulation with a young gentleman, 
 "ofall others at this day molfflourifliing in the eyes of the world: unlefs forfooih it bealikely 
 " matter thac I^.iman weary not only of managing affairs, hut alfoofthis v\orld,andofthis lifej 
 ''(houid look to have the Province of jijfrick^ offered unco me,it it were once denied him. Nay 
 " veriiy.I have enough already : in that glory 1 am content to live and die, and feekfornomore. 
 *•* It was fnfficient for me to hinder A>«»«7<i/ from atchievingthe vi6tory;to theend that by you, ' 
 "who now are gallants in the belt of your rtrength he might be vanqulihed &: overcome. Meet ic 
 C " is then and great reafon O /".Cor^fZ/Mj, that you fliould bear with me and hold me excufed,if I, 
 " who never ill regard of mineownfelffet greater (fore by the iameand opinion of people, than 
 *' of the good o'" the Common- weal)prefer not now your glory before the weal-publike.Andyec 
 " I will not ray5bur in cafe there were no war at all in Italy,ot the enemy of that quality as by con- 
 "quering of whom there were no credit & honour to he gottcr:chen he that would feektokeep 
 " you ftillin //<«ywere it never fo muih for the good of the State might feem co;'o about codil- 
 " appoint and frudrate you fin putting you by the charge of the war) of the very means and mat- 
 '' ter of your glory and renown. Btitfeeing that hnmbalxi your objedf , feeing he is our enemy, 
 " who with an entire army ftill hoideth Italy as it were befieged now thefe fourteen yearsJwill you 
 " not O P.Corncl.hold your felf well contented with this honour and reputation. That you beir» 
 D "Conful,fhould drive that enemy out of /f<j/)',who hath been the caufe of the death of fo many 
 " bravemenof ours and of fo many foils and overthrows that wehave received ; that, like as C. 
 •' Lftnatius had the name of hnifhing the former Punick war, fo you may win the title of endiii'^ 
 ''this other alfo.Unlefs thac aman would fay thar hmilctr wasa warriorand Captain worthy to 
 " be preferred before A»»/^<z/ ; or that war of more importancethan this; or that virtory greater 
 " and more honorable than this is like to be,in cafe it happen that we may be conquerour J under 
 " your conduit, and whiles you are Conful. Whether would you chufe rather to have drawn A- 
 " milcar away from I>rf/).n;«w & the mountain of£n'.rjthan chafed and hunted the Carthaoini- 
 *' ans and A>!niL\d ont oi Ita'j r Nay furely even your own felf(howfocver you embrace glory aU 
 "ready won than hoped for hereafter)would not take more joy &; contentment ,and triumph ra- 
 
 E " ther for freeing and delivering of 5'p<!;;j than /f./^ from the wars, ^.w^i/, Iwot, as yet is not 
 "come to that low ebbnorlo down the wind, but that he which made choice of another war, 
 ''may feem well info doingto fland as much intearanddread.as incontetftpt ofhim.Why then 
 "addrefsyou not your felftoeffeifV this imprefs, and leave building thefe Caftles in the air. and 
 <• hopebyfecchingthefe reaches andthiscompafs,& going the longelt way about that when you 
 " are pafli:d over into Africk^^Annihalv)\\\ follow you thither ; and no: rather go the next way 
 "towork^and fight with ,.^»w^ii/ where he island make no more ado? Are you vvilling indeed 
 *• and defirous to win this hont)ur of difpatching quite the Punick war ? Why, it is the ^ourfe of 
 '< nature to defend and make fure your own before you go in hand toallail the dominions of o- 
 *'thets.Let us have peace firff m /f^//beiore we make war in hjfnckj- and let us firlf rid our felves 
 ♦••of fear ere ever we take occafion to put oiher* in fear ; unlefs we had fome greater qjarrel.And 
 
 F <' if by yourconduft and forrnnategovernment, both thefe may pofTibly be effefted ; conquer 
 «• A>;«/^<j/here,and then go thither to alTailC<!r-f/.'.?f<r a Godsname.Butiftheone or the or her of 
 
 ■ '• thefe viitories muft needs be left for new ConfuTs to atchieve: as the former of the twain will 
 *>be the greater and more memorable,fo it will open the way,and give the overture onto theo- 
 *' iher enfuing upon it.For at this time.over and bef.des that our treafure.and ail the re\ enues and 
 " finances of our ftate.are not able to maintainand wage two fundry armies both in /r-a/v and in 
 '*Ajfr/r;^:bcfidesJ fay, that we want the means to keeptwo Armados afloat, and have oothin'^ 
 " left fufficient wherewith to furnifh them with, vidtuals and municon : who feeth not I pray 
 <' you how far we engage our felves in peril and danger by thisenterpri o? P. L.'c;.7:;^fhallwarin 
 " It.dy and P,ScifioiT\ Aifrick^WhaZ will ye fay if A?'«'i^'./.f which God ff rbid Sc my heart even 
 "dreadeih toprefagebutthat which once hath hapned may happen full wel.ig,i;n,rpon the train 
 
 ^ "offomerew victory ,tortune to go forward and afiaulr the City of /?-"»'? Where are we then ? 
 *' Shall we have time then to fend for you our Cof.out ofAfncl^- ac we did for^. Fahjtom Ca^ 
 **/)«.j?And what fay yon to thisbehdes That the fortune of vvar is doubtfull& uncertain even in 
 *• A/fV/f^as well as in other places-Call to mind, and learn betimes by the examples o^' your own 
 *' houfe and family ,by your father and uncle; who within 50 daies were flain,&: their armies de- 
 " feaced;even there, where for certain years fpace they had performed both by fea and land moft 
 
 Ccci *'nobio
 
 <66 Tbe eight and mentietb Boo\ of X Livius. 
 
 <•' noble exploits : and highly renowned among terrain nations both the Roman people, and alfo y 
 " your own name Sc family .The time vyillnot fervejf I would do all this day do nothing elfe but 
 " reckon and recount unto youjhow many KingSjEmperors & General Captains there havebeen, 
 *' whohaveentred rafhly into their enemies countries,and received many foyls and overthrows 
 *' thereby ,as wel in their own perfons,as in their whole armies.The AthenianSja mod prudent Sc 
 "politick Statejhaving left the war at home in their own country jand following the cqunlel and 
 •He meaneth ''fii''<'eftionof one * young manias hardy & valiant in arms^as noble inbirth& parentage as youc 
 AlMtdes. t'feit'(nonedifpraifed") failed into 5/f»7; with a brave and puiffantnavy; andtbereinonebattell 
 '■ fought atfea, overturned and ruinated for ever their mot^flourifhing City & Common-weal. 
 "But why feek I forrain examples of ftrangers,and (lories of times too far paft,and ovc;- long ago. 
 *' Let even this fame hfricl^-.znd M.httilim^kz^t as a notable example of both fortunes,for our I 
 " inRruiSion & learning for ever.Now furely,P.Cfl>«f /.when you ftial once difcover.A/nctvvith- 
 *' in your view froni thefea,you wil think then that yourProvinces oi Spain were matters ofiporc 
 " in comparifon ot it. For what (emblable proportion is there between them ? When you were in 
 "your voyage for Sfam^ you failed in the calm fea peaceably along ihecoaftof /ra/yandfj^wf, 
 *' and arrived at Emporui friend Cicy and Confederat : and when you had landed yourmen,you 
 ''led theminfecurity through all places to' the friends and allies of the people of Kowc, even as tar 
 " Tarracoujzom thence ye journeyed all the waies by Cities and towns,_furni(hed with Roman 
 " oarrifons.AbovTt the river Il;erm yoniowad the nrmies of your father and uncle,which remained 
 " upon the lofs of their Generals more fierce and felt for the calamity that they had received than 
 "before. You met there Z-./l/<J;-f;>*</ their Captain and Leader jChofenf I mu(f needs fay)I know K 
 " not how in a hurrey by the fouldiers themfelves for the time:but otherwife I aflure you^f no- 
 '« bility of birth and the titles of dignities which he jufily deferved had graced him, he w^s in all 
 " feats ot arms and martiall knowledge, comparable to the very beft warriors & noblett Captains. 
 " After this you affaulted Carthage without any cmpeachment, and took your time at your own 
 *' pleafure^even whenthere was not one of the three Carthaginian armies to aid & defend their 
 " aflbciats^As for all the exploits belides (withciit offence be it fpoken & not to debafe any good 
 "fervice there) they areinnorefpeftto becompared with the Affrican war: where we fhal find 
 *' no haven open to entertain our Armado, no Country peaceable, no City confederate,no King 
 " friendly,no place at all either to fojourn and reft in, or to march forward and pafs through with 
 " fafety. Which way foever you calt your eyes.noihing but hoHility threatning danger and perill L 
 *' unto, us .Do you indeed truft Syphax,oi rely upon the Numidians ? Well, let it fuffice that once 
 *' ve trufted ihem.Rafh adventures fpeed not alwaier. belf . And oftentimes we fee,that fraud fee- 
 •' methfaithfull,and maketh way of credit in fm3llthingS:thatiii matters of greaieft importance, 
 ■ *' and when rhe tirrie ferveth it may pay home and work a mifchlef with a witnefs. The enemies 
 "overcame not your father and uncle by force of arms before that the Celtiberians our Allies 
 •'over-rausht them by talHiood and rrea. hery •• neither were yourfelfin fomuch danger from 
 '■ AI^£o an'd hfdrubal the chief Captains of yo-.jr enemies, as from Indibilis and M.mdonms-, your 
 «' new friends and confederates .Can you repofe any confidence intheNumidians?You,I fay that 
 *' have experience ofyour own fouldiers mutiny^ and have feen them rife againft you : As for Sy- , 
 t'phaxiTid M"f-i»lf'>-, as they had rather themielves be the foveraign & moft mighty in A/w/(,,M 
 " than the Carthaginians {hould; fofurely they wilh the Carthaginians to be the higheftabov e 
 « all others befides their own felves.Now at th^'S time there is fotne emulation and heart-burning 
 ". amon° them ,and all occafions of quarrell whet them onto maintain fides and fa(Etions,fo long 
 ". as fea^of forrain enemy is far enough off. Shew them once the Roman irms and forces, lee 
 "'them fee an hoft of ftrangers once, they will ri;n I warrant you altr/ggther then,as it were to 
 *' quench a common fcarefire. You fliall find that rhe very farneCar'Jnaginians will far otherwife 
 "ftand tothedefence of the walsof their Country- their Citie?, the Temples of their gods,their 
 " Altars and private houfes when going to battell tbcy fliall b.ave their fearful wives to bear them 
 " company, their fmall children to go afore inem in i\)ev eye ; you fliall find them.l fay^flickbet- 
 "tsr to it than they did in the quarrel,', and defence Or Sp.ii>7. But what and if the Carthaginians, ^ 
 "finding themfelves ftrong enough upon the co/dfidenceofihegenerall concord of Aifr/c/;,, of 
 *< the fad fidelity ot the cr-jtedera'teKing^, ci the firength of their own wals, ftiouldfortuiie 
 *' themfelves,when th'-^y {^^all tec Italy dtiWtntc of your he!p,and disfurniflied of their forceS;ei- 
 « thcr to make o'-^ j \jl(^ ajjny from Afr,>;^and fend it into /M'y,cr elfe give order and direfti- 
 *< onto A'fa"^ r ^ho as it is well known for certain, is departed with his navy from the Baleat 
 '< inand? a'^d Wth floating and riding continually upon the Alpine ligurians ) for to joyn his 
 " r>er with A«^>hl ; It is a clear cale, that we (hall be in as grest trouble, and as much affrigh- 
 *'.tedthenaswe were of late, when A/^r*<^../ monnted over the Alpes, and came down into 
 '^ Italy hfdr„l>al,l fay, whom you (that will with your army compafs notoi% Cm W but alio 
 - aU Kn let go out ofyour hands,and fuffered to pafs over ,nto h.ly But you will fay,that q 
 «c voohave vanquHhed him! Say you fo ? I would not for any thing, not only ,n regard of the love 
 u Jbeare to the Common-weal but alfo of the affea.on that I carry toward your ielf,that a van- 
 « cuUhed man could find the way by you into It.ly. Be content & fuffer us to attribute a,l things 
 «tha have -one well with yoo or the Common- weal, durm| the time ofyour govjrntnenc, to 
 »' vour wifdom and policy; and contrariwifcwhatfoever hath fallen out crofs and ^^verfe to im- 
 *' puteand alfign the fame to nothing dle,but to the vauabkevencs of war,and to fickle fortune
 
 The eight and twenty Boo^ of T. Livius. ^ 5^ 
 
 Under their handrSi decreed it was that they tvvo.namelyX.r^r «r//M &Q^C'eo7//«,fh ouJd eithe 
 
 '' ^frie^yoar (elt aloiie.or bcre where your own forces »nd the po Afcrot your Colieai:;nf Oial be 
 " joyned to^^e'hir ? Is it pilHblethst even chelate example oi Liviui and C/.r.jdiui'jo'teih'm 
 '' memory, (l-iould not ini- inn and teach us, what difS:rencc there is btt wtcn the: one 'ana the o- 
 g ^*thcr? In wbithcr place I pray you,vvil! .'nnibdbt more Rrong in men and munition; here in the 
 '• utmoft corner & angle ot the Brutians coantry, where this long time he bath waited in vjin for 
 ,**aid from h'jai',wiire he hath f;nt for (uccour and i;one without or necr unto C^rthage^^nd in 
 "the mids of j4frick, among his friends and allies? Wnat kind of policy is this of youis.thc:: e'to ae- 
 " cide the quarell and try the whole matter, where your own forces arc lefle by a balfe moityand 
 '« the power of your enemies much greater and llronger j rather then here, whereas you may 
 ', ''fight with the power of I wo armies agj.inftonc, toiled out of heart in iominy b irels,and wea» 
 ■'tied with long warfare, lb tedious and grievous wiihall? Confider withyour ltl^e,whJtconfo^- 
 " mity and refemblance there is, between ycurdc(ignes and your fjtheis. He, as Conlul bavins 
 '• madea jorney into Spain,to the end thJt be might crcounttr>^«»^j/ as he come down tae^/D> 
 " returned out uf bis own province into half : and y ou,when Air^iihd is in Ic^l^. pur uofc to a- 
 C «« bandon and leave Italy, And why? forl'ootbnot becaulc you ;udg it good for thccommon-weal 
 *' bat becaufe you tbink it an enterprife that may import ycu in great honnar and glory .- like as 
 "when you being captain General! of the people of A3we,[ett your province ;t lar.dom and your 
 " army at fix and Icven, without warrant ol la vv. without order or ad oi-Senar^razaidcJ in two 
 "boihoms tbe whole (late and majellycftbe Empire of Rome ; which at chat time toi'cther with 
 '• the danger of your life, incurred tbe perill and jeopardy of the mame ci?.ance. To conclude for 
 " mine own part ("myLL. oftheSenit,)am of this mind, and thisisn-y conceit, that P.(^arneliHt 
 *' was not created Co{. privatly for himlcltand his own behoof, but foi tbcgoodof thecommon- 
 " wealand us all : and then the armies were levied and enrolled, for th: guard of the City and de- 
 '■ fence of /MO;andnotfor the ColT. in their proud l"elf«conceit& overweening cf themlelves. 
 E> '« after the manner of abfolute KK to tranfport & lead into what parts of the world they lill thcm- 
 fe Ives. When V.ibins by this oratton(premeditate and framed to the time jhad through bis authori- 
 ty land tbs long fettled and comfitmed opinion that men had of his wiledomc, drawn unto his fide 
 agojd part of the Senat and efpscially the ar.cients ; infomuch asthe greater number coinmended 
 and the grave counfell of tbe old man, above the lully and youthful! cfuragc of the other "allant: 
 then Scipioby way of anfwer madcthele temonilrar,ces,andfpakcin this wife. "My lords of tbe 
 " SenatjCven Fahas himlclf in the beginning of his otation.faid very well,that his opinion which 
 " be was to deliver, might be (ufpeSed of detrjdioa and envy. Of which note, verily IdnritnGt 
 " my lelf taxand acculea minof his quality and reputation fo much, -s roe thinks is not fo well 
 " elected 3S it ought to be the very fulpition it fell.- andl u'otnot wbetherit beby adefaultof his 
 '< fpcich ?coration or that the thing u lelf is lo pregnant.For in lucb mancr he ex'oLcd with good- 
 " ly words, and magnified his own dignities and renowned deeds, and all to quench the jeskuie 
 '■ and ctiii e of envy : as if my lelt was t^car the danger of emulation and concurrence of ibme 
 '« coropaoion of the balelt degree and condition and not of bim;who beciufe he tar larpaffctb other 
 "mcn,( which bight andpitchofhcnor I deny r.ot,but I endeavour my lelt to reach unto) would 
 " not in any hand , that I fhould compare with him. So biglily bath he advanced bimlelf in regard 
 <^ ofhis old years c n!ideting that he hath gone thiough all ranks ind honour : and lo low debaied 
 " me, and put me down even under tbe age of his own ion; as though the c'elircand love of glory, 
 '■^ (houldpafle no fartherthen thclengibof mans lite, and tbe grcated part there of extended not 
 pC to the memory of poilerity and the tuturetime. This I hold tor certain, that it is a thing inci- 
 t dent to the molt uisi;nao;mous men and of greaieft (pirit and courage, to have a defirc for to 
 *■'■ match themlelves not only with them that live in their dai.cs, but with moft famous & excellent 
 t' pctlon3ges,that ever were or miijht hi in any age. And lurely for mine ow.t pitwOO Fahitu, 
 «^1 will not make it goodly, but frankly bewray my mind that way, namely, that f woula full fain 
 «' not only attain unto your praile-wortby afts and commendable vertuts; but ailb(withyour good 
 «' leave be it (poken^ if pofliblc I can, even to excel! and !urmount the lame. Theriorclet us not ca- 
 " ry tiiis mindf either you towards mcjor I to thole that are yonger then my feif, to be unwillin" 
 " aadthinkmucb,that any one citizen among us, flaouid prove cqn ill ro our (elves.* for into do^ 
 '' jng, we lliould offer wrong and do hurt not only to them whom we have envied and maligned, 
 but alio prejudice tbe common-wealths: in manerthe whole Hate of all mankind. And thus much 
 G "to youfelf. He hath now(my lords)recounted,to what great perils I (hculd enter into by tbe A- 
 "^r»fi(;^voyagc.-infuch{ort, as be would feem not only to have a careful! regird of the common- 
 "wealth and the army,tut alio to pity me and tender my cafe and tortune.Whencecometb,itthat 
 '^' you fhould all on a iuddain take fo gre :t c >re for me? when my father and uncle both wcie flain, 
 ''when their armies both twain, wereuttcrly almolldeteatedandputtlltothcfwoid ; wbca 
 '■'^ $'/>')<>* was lod • when 4 armies ot Carthaginians, and 4 Generals, held all in fear by force of 
 *' armts; whcnthete was a captain ibught tor to undertake that war.and nomandutltbc iteoto 
 
 Ccc3 put
 
 56d The eight and trpenty Book of T. L ivius. 
 
 it 
 
 put himfelf forward, no man fo hardy as topreiem and otier bis (5:r;Ke, buc my leit ; and when H 
 ' the people otiScwf had i.ommitedthetharge and government ot5/)^/« lo me a young man 
 but four and twenty years old:how hapnedit that no man then took txcefiion atmy agejmade 
 " mention of tne enemies fore e,difcourted ot the diffi^uliy and danger of the war, or jaid abroad 
 ''■ the late and lr(.fhdercdt.'nd death o! my father and uncle ? I would dem.ind and glady know 
 *•' whether we haveloltLined now lately fome greaer calamity aid .cfle in yj/r.^;^ thanwt re- 
 " ceivedat that timeinS/)rf;»? or it the armies at this preleni m/./nc^he mcrepuillart^orihe 
 "captains moieinnumbcr orbeuer invalour thentney \v;.'rein S^ /». i that time ? or whe- 
 " ther mine age then, was more ripe and fnfli^ient to manage wars, then now it is ? Lali oUll> 
 '^ vvhetheritbcbc[ter,morecorr;modious &ealie to maintain w.r with tf.eCirth^iri-n enemy 
 '■'inS/4;7j then in Jfn-k} Afterthat 1 have dikomf.ttd and put to (light tour holisoftarth*- I 
 "ginian^• ; after I ha\e either for edby afl'aiilt, or reduced undermine obei^n e (for feirjioma^ 
 '' ny Cities ; after 1 have \anquinied and fnbdutd all, evtn as tir ss to the Oceanfea, fomany 
 "prin es and pr ttrtjtes.l'o many ferte :nd t ml nations; alter 1 ha\efotuilyrecoi cred Sy<i.»:,as 
 "■ ihere is not rem lining to be fecn there, fo nnuh a'^ the tooting ard bare token of any war: an 
 ••eaf.e matter it is, and all one to elevaiand deprefl'e the acts paU th a I have .'E^hieved: as alio 
 *'p.ir-dieit will be, when I leturn witbconqneli out ot ^fmx to dtbafe and make nothing of 
 "thofe very things whivhnow to keep mcba kiromthen.e ai.d torn ke them. ippear(?r^Dv,e, 
 ''are ampiined with great words Sclirctihed uponthctjinttr^ to iheluli.He hddeth thattlicrc 
 - is no ac. eOe,no cnirini.einto^/r/rt.nor havens cpt^n to le tieanarmado. Heteiicth Ui and 
 *-3lledgeth that /i/.^f///«; wastjkenpri oner in Afncl^zs if .%..-:/) i/^^'t'oriboth .it his tiid arri- K 
 "vail in yJf'iik^. bad caught that harm. ind hea^ y mi. torture. Bv i heiie^cr rrmem'^icth and..ai- 
 *' leth to mind, how that e en the very iamecaptain as in oitun t ashe w.is yet found tt^ieb.<ies 
 *' open enough into /4/fc/f;i^; and the hrii ye.irbare htmfelf right aiiantiy ^nd . i^orioully . SctV.r 
 "tin tfom c.nrthagini.in captaJnSj continued in\ in iblcio the end. YoiMhal. never thtrcr'ore 
 "I'tare me withthe example fomu.h ^were it I'o, hat the cal.imity you I'peakof hapned ,nt..is 
 " war, andnot iniheformer; of lite and not forty ycjrs .igo)that 1 fbouidgico crm) in.ervd- 
 "edpurpofe sndnoc fail i nto /^//- r<r now be.aiVe y^i/rJ/r' there was tjkenfrifon.r- a^ wcai aj 
 '' 1 pafled before into S/).*!/;;, ^hcreistheS'-po '.hanccdtobc killed. OrthJil ilia 1 ;u fit t tl-.t 
 " Z.Kth.ppis the Laedemcnian was born into this world more hapy fort <3^r/:tj^f) ther. my 
 *■'■ k\i foi Ii ah: but rather., that thereby • fhnnid think the better ot my ielt.conf.deiirg tl^at the L 
 " vertueofone only m.in can be ot fu. h^on equen eand lo great cfte^. But we ought (you lay) 
 *■■ toconhdcrthe ex mpleofthe Athenians wtio leaving the w-n at home in their own country^ 
 "palTcd overinto S <r/M'nvdvifedly. Seeing you are at fo good leafure to rcll tales and report 
 "the fabulous (lo ies ofGr^frf^why dif.ourfe you not r.nher o'cy4(r.ithocUjihe king of the Jsyra^u- 
 "han-.>vvho feeing th.it S f/)' .i long time was troubled & vexed with the Puni^k war/ailed over 
 *' into the ;'elf f me ^/r/fj^ whereof wefpeik, and withdrew the war thither from whence it 
 "came? But wh.it need I to inlirn6t andteach youhy rehearf.ng old and forrainexamp'es;bow 
 "mattrialla thing it i$ and important, tob^gin with an enemy frU and put him in fear j and by 
 " bringing another in d inKr,to remove the peril trom our fclvet.Can there be a prchdent found 
 ''moreprct;n.int morepre'ent and frefli in memory to prove and en one this point, then Aunt- M 
 "^../himleit? A great ditVerence there is between the wailing and piliing the lands ofoihersjand 
 '' feeing ot our own burnt and de'lroied. And he which giveth thealTau't to endanger another, 
 "is ever of morecourjge then he that flandeth upon his own guardardat defence only to lave 
 ''himfcU. Moreover, thefearand drod is alw.^.ies greater of things unknown unto us : butfo 
 "foon as a man isentredinto the confines of a forrain country he may behold and feeat hand(as 
 " well the good as the bad) whst may advant.Tge and what may end.image the enemies, ^-/^w/^^/ 
 " would never have thought and hoped, that lb m^ny Stares in /r.^r/y would have revoltedunto 
 'hifnas thevdid upon the overthrow at C.!«><«. Hov\ much ledc account then may the Cartha- 
 "ginian; mkeof any thingin y//Wfi^, torema'n falland affured untothem; whoarefick'e al- kj 
 " lies to (ir.ipgers without all truthand fidelity ; pro.jd lords ?£ intollerable tyrants over their 
 " own fubje6fs full of wnth ?c cruelty ? Oer and befides wealbeit(we were forfaken and aban- 
 "doned ot all our conrederats)(l:oodilwaies upon our own forces & mainteined our felveswirh 
 *' meer Romsn fouldiers; whereas in C^ifz/i^rf they have no ftrength of naturall citizens: the 
 •'loUidiersthac they have, are mercenaries all & waged for money patrly Africans and patriyNu- 
 *' midi.m.s the mod unconllant nations of all others by nature, and apteJ^ to entert.iin changes & 
 "innovaiirn,. Let mehavenollay and hindrance in this place on'y ; ye fhall hear news at one 
 "time th.n 1 am 'ct over in ^4/^/^^;^ that all the country there is up ina broil that An»il>^l is rti- 
 *'dyti) diflodgand remove out of ihefepvrts ;& alfo that r<!»-r/w^i; it felt is bcficged. Expert yOU 
 "daily out of v-//>/(ry'>cttcr and luckier tidings, yea and oftnerthen ye heard out of."^^'/*. Thclc q 
 "hopes of mine I ground upon the fortune of the people of /?»«?? ; upou the luflice of the gods 
 '< witneCb of the lea^^ue broken by the enemies upon Syp'uix and Sifamjfa, both Kings, whofe 
 " trnth and fidelity I wi 1 truft fo 'ar forth as I find them, and ever (f and in fear and doubt of ibeir 
 " laifhood Jndtrechery. Many things they are now, that by dillatKC of place appear not, which 
 " waronchegun willioondi' over. And this is a ipecia] point ofam.in indeed, & ofagoodcap- 
 t?in, in no, aie to be wanting nnro fortune when fhe offer- th berfelf, buttotakcall vantages 
 "that (he glveih : and thole accident* and occurrences which fall by chance to makeulc of them 
 
 yea.
 
 The eight and wenty Boo\^ ofT. Livius. 5 6^ 
 
 A " yea and bywifdomc andcounfell to frame them to his own purpofe and del'gnes. True 
 <■' it is, OFabnis^ I fliall have ^«m('<«' to beard and co match me ; alouldier; 1 (.onfeffejas 
 « good every way asmy felf > but I will rather draw him after me, than he lliali keep me back 
 "at home. Force him I will to fight in his own country, andCrf/'j^^eftiall be the price of my vi- 
 '< ttory, rather then the dei-aiedpeeces, and half riiinatpetytaltles os'the Brain. Only provide, O 
 '= ^i-'^i^/w^jthat in the mean time whiles 1 am at Tea mmy voy.ige, whiles 1 amland;ng mine ar- 
 '■'. my in .^fWcjf^, whiles 1 approach CV;rf;'.)<i^i? with a running camp, the Common-wcai fudein no 
 t; harm and damage here at home. See to this, I fay, and be well adTifcd, that ic be not a fliame- 
 • c full reproach to uy, that /•". L/c/«/«j the Conful, a man of lingular valour (who bcuuiieheis the 
 •'■high PrieiKand by vertue therof not to ahfent himlelf from the folemn celebration of favrifices 
 t and divine fer\ ice, was conttnt and wi. ling, that the charge of fodillant a pro.ine fliould 
 .' not befall unto him by calling lots) is not abe to peiform ihat,rovv when ^;j,.;/vas halt de- 
 feated, and his heart almolt broken, whi.h your felf was i'nfficient toeffcft when .-Ja.v;;^*// fquar- 
 kk red it out, and braved all Italy like a conqueror. But fee the cafe, and inppofe I fay, that by this 
 licourfe which Imeantotake, the war bencver the fooner brougl-t coaner.d : yetlurclyic 
 *t were fortbc honour ot the people of .^»;;,'<f, and for the lepuration and n.ime wliith they have 
 t. among forrain princes and States abroad , that they m.iy fee .snd know, that our hearts fen e us 
 t. not only to defend It,ily):n\x. alfo co offend Afncl^.hnd th.it it might neither be thmi'cht.and be- 
 ,n leeved norl'pokenand noifcd abroad in the world^hownoRoman captain durft adventurethac 
 i-c whii-h A ''■"^..•-' hath already dared and done: and when a.s;n thetormer Puni k war, when 11 
 'jj the qiiarell was for Sicily, onrarmies and armados lb often aflailed .ifric'^} now that Ita'y is in 
 Q ^^qucltion /^//•/c;^i'liouldlieliill,and beat reiK Nav, rather let / a'j be atrepofeand quiet now 
 at laft, after lb lona travel! and afflidtion and let •./■•/V/^in her turn b- fired and forraged ano- 
 ther while. Let the Roman camp be pitched rather under the very wals and gates GxCcnhr.gCy 
 then we fee once again from our wals the trenji and rampierotourenemies, coinveft our Ci- 
 ' ty. Let Afnc^i. be the fet place and feat ot the w.'r,!ett'righi: an:! iiight, forragingand harrying 
 *' of countrie?, revolt and rebellion of allies, and all other inconveniences and enormities thac 
 'follow war, which have lien hesvy upon us thel'e i4years,turn from us thither.lt fiiall content 
 "and fufti eme to have f'poken as toui.hingState- matters ?i the commonweal of rlie war preicnt- 
 " ly in hand ; and ooni.e;ning the provinces and their government now inquedionandconfuira- 
 tion.For it would require a long and tedious difcoutfe,and the fame impertinent altogether un- 
 J-) "to yoUj asjif Q^. F-d./is hath defaced and depraved mine acts in Span^ fo ] likewife lliou d dif- 
 " grace him and diminilli his glory, and fet outmylelfandmineown repncaiion with goodly 
 "andmagnificallwordj. But my LL. I will do neither oncnorthe other. And if in nothing elfe, 
 " yet at leaHwife, yong man as 1 am, I will in modeify and government otmy tonoue.go beyond 
 ''him as old and ancient a perfonageas heis.Thus havellived^and thus have I carried my felf in 
 "all mine aflions, that without blazing of mine own praifes, 1 can foonco'ntent my felf with 
 '* that good opinion which youof your lelves have conceived and entertained of me. 
 
 Scipiohud audienregiven him, with leiVe indifference, and patien.e becaufeit wascommonly 
 voiced abroad. That iftheSenat would notgrant him to have the province and emprel'eot yi- 
 fnckj^hs. would immediatly propound and put it to qucliion before the people. Whereupon Q^, 
 E FulviM-, a man that had bccnfovr times Conful and Cenfor behdes, required the Conful to 
 fpeak his mind openly betbrethe Senat, whether he would referr unto the t.L. there affembled, 
 to determine ofihe provinces, and (tand to that which they iliould letdown or prefer the thing 
 unco the peop'e. When .?:■ pohad made anfwer again and laid, That he would do that which 
 might begood and expedient forthelerviceoftheCommon-weal: then fWt'/w replied upon 
 himandfaid : I demand not this quef^ionofyou, as ignorant what either you won -d anfwer or 
 what you meant to do. For 1 know full well, that ye pretendnoleis your lelf, thatyoudobuc 
 found the Senat, and teel rather how they had enclined, then to iKind toany advice oftheirs in 
 •/( good fadncfs. And in cafe we do not prefently grant you the pro\ince according unto your de- 
 fire youhavea bill framed already to prefenr unto the body otthe people and Commonalty. 
 F And therfore(qd.he)my matters, ye that are Tribunes, 1 require your aid and alliiKince, in that 
 I forbear to fpeak unco the point and deliverminc opinion ; in this regard, becanfe I know that 
 theCol'. will not approve and ratifie the fame, howfoe^ er the whole houle will go with me» 
 and allow my tcntence. Hereupon arol'e fome braul & debate among them whiles the Co'.urged 
 and enforced this point cfpecially, and faid. It was againiT all reafon and equity, that c he Tribons 
 ihould enierpofe their authority, and not permit every Senator being requeued to fpeak in his 
 tum> for to deliver his mind and opinion. "fhentheTribuns made a decree in this m.mer if the 
 Cof. be content that the Senat fhalldetermineof the Provinces, we will andcommnd that all 
 men relHnthat which the Senat that ordein and judg'.neither will wefuffert'iehme to be pro- 
 pounded unto the people : ifhebe not content nor yeeldtherto then we will aifi I him who 
 ^Ihallrcfufe to fpeak to the matter. Then the Cof'.requeiied adaiesrcfiiit to confer with hisCol- 
 ^ legucandfo the morrow after he condefcended toput all to thccenfureofthe Senat. And inthis 
 wife were the provinces diftribufed and appointed : uncoone of the Coff. Sicily was alTigned,and 
 thirty (hips of wan with brazen beak heads (even the fame that C. ServiUm the year before had 
 thechargeofj with commiirion alfo topaffe over in Afrtckj, ifhe thought it were tor the good 
 of the Common- wealth. The other Conful had the government of the BrutH and the managing 
 of the war againft AAmbal, with the power of that army which L. Feiunas and S^ CActlim had 
 
 caft
 
 5 70 I he eight and twenty Book of T. l^ivmsJ^ ^ 
 
 caftlots, agree between rhemfelves who ftiould remain Hill in the Brutians country to follow j^ 
 the \v-rs there- with thofe two legions which the Conful lett ; and that whether ot them chan- 
 ced tolia^e that province his government fliould be prorogued ard tontinued lor another jce^ 
 Theredo'the PretorsalfoandConfuls, who weretogovernany province, orhavethecondua 
 ' of armies had their commiflion renewed and lealed again for a longer term. Now it feu to i(^. 
 C<er.'//«/hislo:, tomake war together with the Conful agsinlt yiK»il;^i/\D the Brutians country. 
 Alter this, en'asd the games and plaies of Sop;o ; which were exibited and fet forth, with 
 great coiicouife ot people, and exceeding applaul'eandaffedionai fa\ourofthe beholders. M. 
 fon'.fon't!!: Aiahn., and Q_^Catidiis visxz lent as tmbafladorsunto D /p/jw, tocar y th ther an 
 offriiig and hately gift ot che booty and pillage ot ^pr/. /?.</: who prelented there a crown ot 
 gold weighing two hundred pound : allocenaincounterfets refemb.ingthefpoii=, which were j 
 madeofhlver, amounting to a thoufand pound weight, ^c.pw when he cou.d not get leave 
 granted to levy fou'diers and take muHers which he greatly for ed not of, obtcined thus much 
 yetj that he might ha\ewith him in his tr.in voluntary fouidiers : as alio recei'e whacloever 
 the Allies wond contribute and gi\etowards the building of new i'bips,bevanfe he hndpafied 
 his word , that the City fliouid not be charged with fettingout an armado. And firll and iormolf , 
 the States of ILtruna. promifedtohelp the Connl, every one according to their abillicy. The 
 Cirites came otf,and granted to purvey corn and all kinds of viduals for the mariners and lailers, 
 the Populonians to provide iron the Tarquinians to tind fail-cloths, the Volatetrans to fend all 
 tacklings and furniture belonging to fliips, and alfo corn : the Arctines ro confer 50000 targets, 
 as many morions or head-pceces belides javellim darts faul.hion lances, and pikeSitothetuU j^ 
 number of fifty thoufand, as many of the one fort as of the o:her. alfo axes, fpades and mattocks ^ 
 bi!s, fithesjand hooks, and licklcs, meal, troughs and quern mil? asmany as would fen etc 
 lurnifli forty long fliips or gallies : of vvhe:t 1 20000 Modii, andal^oy^ge provihon lor the 
 De;urions,pcty captains, Mariners and Ore-men by the way. The Perui;ne-:,the C.nlin,.s, the 
 Rufellans otfred fir trees for the framing and making of fliips, anda great quantity oti.orn. But 
 for this work, he occupied only the hr hewn out of the publick forelt and watf s. Ah the States 
 oiVmL-ria, the Niirfinesalfo. theReatines.Amiterninesand the whole country of theSabines, 
 msde promife to help him to fouidiers : the Mani, the pelignij and Marricbes, in great number 
 came of their own free wils, and were enrolled ro ferve at fea in the navy. The Camcries, be- 
 ing allies and confederat to the Romans, but not tied to any fervicelenta brave company t.t fix L 
 hundred men well armed. And when as there were fet out the keels or bottoms of thirty lliips, 
 twenty Caravels of five courfe of oars, and ten of tour; himfelf in perfon plied the carpenters and 
 fiiip Wrights fo, and let forward the work that 45 dales after the timber was brought out of the 
 wood, thefhips werefinifhed, ri^'ged aid furni{}-ied with allthings,and {hot into the water.So 
 to Stcilyht failed with thirty long fliips of wjt haiirg embarked thercinalmoR feven thoufand 
 of voluntary fervitors. P. Ltci^iusaKo for his parr, came into the Brntianscountry unto the 
 two confukarie armies, of which hetookuntohim andxhofethat which L.VeitirinslbcCoD- 
 ful had commanded, and fufFered J'/freZ/wno hive the leading (tiilol thofelegions, which had 
 been under his couduff before : fuppofing thathefliouldmoreeafily employ them in fervicebe- 
 caufe they wercatquaintedalre.idy with hism. nner of regiment and governance. IhePretors ^ 
 likewife went into their fundry provinces. And becaufemony was wanting for to defray the 
 charges ofthcwars. the high Treafurers were commanded tomakefile of all that traiSl oi'the 
 Campanetountry, which from the Greek Fofl'eextendfth towards the fea. And there was gran- 
 ted out acommiffion to give notice of thofe lands : and look what ground foever belonged to 
 any citizen of C.ip::,^, it was confifcat to the ufc of the people of Rome : and for a leward to him 
 that gave notice, there was adigned the tenth part of themony, that the land was ratedsnd 
 prized n.M(nC.Serv.lrus the City Pretor, had given him in charge to take order that the Cam- 
 pants fhouiddwel whereas they v\ere?liowed to inhabit by vertue of a decree granted forth by 
 theSenat,and to punifli ihofethat dwelt elfewhere. ^ 
 
 In the fame fummer Aia^^o the fon ofKmikar. being departed from the leffe Balcare Iflsnds, '^ 
 where he abnde thewinter feafon, and embarked a chofen power of young and iufly men, failed 7 
 overinto /f. /y with a fleet of thirty fhips headed with brazen piked beaks, and many hulks of 
 burden: andrfcrehe fetaland his fouidiers, tothenumbcroftwelvethoufand footmen, and: 
 welneer two thoufand horfe : and with his fuddain coming furprifed GeKua by reafon that there 
 lay nogarnfons in thofe parts to guard and defend the fea coafts. From thence he failed along 
 and arrived in the river of^the Alpine Lignrians,tofee ifhecou!d by hiscomino rai'e fomecom- 
 O'Albenga. motion and rebellion. The ' Ingauni (apcople ofthe Lignrians;' fortuned to war at that prefent 
 with certain moiinta^ners the £;<j:7rff?-//. Whereupon iW^jr« having laid npandbedowed fafeof 
 the prizes and pillage that when he won in* Savo/a town npon the Jlpej)it)d left ten fhips all q 
 war riding in the river, for a fufficient guard, and ferr away the refl to C^jrf/vr^e for to keep the 
 coafls ir liomefberaufe there ran a mighty rumor, that Sopij would pafs the feas, and over in- 
 to hfri k^' him'eif.alter he had concluded a league and amity with thelngauni ^who<e favourhe 
 more affedcd and efleemed then theother) fet in hard toaffailtbemonntainers. Befides. his 
 power increaCed daily : for that the Frenchmen flocked unto himinallp.^rts, upon noife and 
 voyceof his nime. Intelligence hereof was piven to the "^enatbv tbeletters of .So.Lr/cr-rr/w: 
 who were with thelenews exceedingly troubled and perp!exed,for fear left they had rejoyccd in 
 
 vain 
 
 ur Stvond-
 
 J be nine andtttfentietb Boo\ af T. l^i vius. g jj 
 
 A vain for the death of Jfdrubal, and the defeat of his army two years before ; in cafe there fiioulci 
 arric from thence another war as great and dangerous as the ocher, differing in nothing eJfe but 
 the exchangeofthe General. And therefore they gave order and direjiiiGn both to M.Lmms the 
 Pro Gonful, tocome forward with his army ol Voluntaries out of Tufcany into Artmtw.m : and 
 alfo unto C«. ServiUtts the City Pr2Cor,(if-he thought requiiiteand expedient for the Common- 
 wealth) to commit the two legions of Citizens attending about Rome-,w whomfoever hepleafed, 
 ior to be commanded,and led forth of the City. So M .VAlertus LAvmus conducted thofe legions 
 to Aretmrn, 
 
 About the fame time, certain bulks of the Carthagtttians, to the number of fourfcorc, were 
 B boorded and t<iken about 5.W/vm b/ C«.Oi?in'//«. governor ofthatprovince.CV/r^ writi.[h,that 
 they were loaden with corn and viiftualsfeni unto A««;/-<j/. But ^^/cn«* reporteth, thntasthey 
 were carrying the pillage taken in Hefuria and certainprifonersof theLigurianmouncainers, in- 
 cof .7/-f/^rtTi-.they were intercepted and furprizedby the way.There was no memorable thing that 
 yeardonein the Brntian^cou^try.The pelt ilenceraigned as well amongd the Romans as the Car- 
 thaginians, and they died thereof alike on both (ides. Mary the Carthaginian army, behdcsche 
 plague,wcre attiickd alfo with famine. A>?>7/7'a/paircd all that fummertime near unto the Temple 
 oiJunoLacifhA, where he built andreared analtar, anddedicatedit with a glorious title of his 
 worthy 3ds,engraven in Punick ind Greek letters. 
 
 D 
 
 The nine and twentieth Book 
 
 Of tht HifloriescfT. Livius of Padua, /raw the Foundation 
 
 of the City of Rome. 
 
 The Bre^•iaryof L. Vlornt upon the nine and twentieth Book. 
 
 CAius L3Blius^f«»j7/t»f/ro«» Scipio out i^fSicily into K^ncV-btought from thence ahuge bootyyini 
 declared unto Svipio the credence and mejfage that he had from Mafanifla.Tp/ja complatTiedof him 
 that he had not a* yet faffed over with Bts fleet into Affrick. Thewarin^^zmwhichlnd^ih'iiiihad 
 raifed wa* di(patched': him f elf (lain in the field: and Mandbnius was delivered by hts own men tr.to the 
 Romans hands that demandi d him of them. Mago,jr/;o VM in France and Liguria,/W oat of Affrick 
 fent unto him both a great power cffonldiers.and alfo money to wage aids: with a comnnjjion flndwccept 
 to ]oyn hin>\elfi4nto Annibal. Scipio crowed the feat from Syracufe -.nto the Biutii, and. recovered the 
 C/'f^Locri afitr he had drfcomfted thegarrtfon thereyandfut to flight Annibal. Peace was conclndid 
 WfthVbiWp.l he gooddcfs Dame Idxirvof iroHght folemnly to'Romefrom VcG\im%,by occ.ifion bf apro- 
 
 E plKfie found in the bookj of Sybilla to this effetl : That then theforraim^emy might be driven cut of 
 Italy )if/'M Dame Cybele e/Ida vfas brought to Kome.ylnd to the Romamfhi wiU delivered by Attalus 
 King of h\\i..A thfck^fione it rv.is,and nothing elfe,which the Inhabitants c.ilied'.hetMothcr cf the aodf 
 P.Scipio Na(ic»,f /;?/»« of that Cneus who was killed m Spain, judged by the Soiata right food man'y 
 «r.e that was very yottngand had not been yet fo much as Qntflor^was he that received her '-for it ivas by 
 the Oracle import ed, that the fa'dgoddefsfhould be recetvedby the bcfi rticn of the Citjt and fa dedicA' 
 ted.The Locrtansfent their. Embaffadors to Romejfo compUtn of the outrage andcruelry »/"Q.Plemi- 
 nius the Lieuten.int I in that he had unjtiflly tak^n away the money confcrated to Proferpina, andvil- 
 lanoufly forced their wives and children. Pleminius woibrought bouitdwith chains toKoms^ayidtherc 
 ebrd in prtfon.There ran afalfe rumour of Pub.Si.ipio,( Pro-Conful in Sidly^and (pre.'d as fir as to the 
 Citj-,7 hat he ^ouldjpend his time there in riot, f^hireupin t here were fent certain mcff enters from the 
 
 I* Senat for to enquire and fee wheth:r thofe reports were true. y^WScipio being cleared from a'l i 'if amy 
 by the pcrm.Jfion andgood leave ef^ the Se»at,failed over into AffriLk.^yphax .iffancedand wedded the 
 dttttghttr ofh\dTuhMthefon c/Gifpo : and thereupon renounced clean the amity which he had contra- 
 ^f^wf/) Scipio, Mafaniffaf/jif A'/K^ ofthe Maffylians, whiles he ferved in the wars in defence of the 
 Carthaginians quarrel wtthiy- S\)3.'mtafter he had loft- his father Gala -^ w.-u wit hail dijfeiz,ed of his king- 
 dom. And when he had oftentimes fought to recover it again by war Joe was in certain battels vaiquifhed 
 by Syphax Kingcfthe Numid-.a island utterly deprived of his royalldr^mty. So withtw hundred herfe- 
 wenhejoy^edasa banifhcdp^rfoK with Scipio : and with him, immedtatlyin the fir Jl ba:trll., he /lew 
 Vimno the fon of Am\kzz,tofether wth a great number of men. Scjpio upon the comini^ of hidzahlX 
 <i«^Syphax5»'/jo werealmojl lOCCOO ftronor w^U compclledto b-eak^ypthe fitg'^ ^t \li\c3: a^rdf) he for' 
 tified afijiidnio camp for w:r,tcr /irfr/'tfw.Sempronius the Co»ful had a fortunate ' a-iJ aa-ainft: Anni- 
 
 ^ bal in the territory of Croton. The Cojfors held' fdemn review aid purging of the City^and/iumbred 
 the people: Inwhich fwvey t akenJ here were ajfejfed in their bonl^> ii ^ODoCitiz.enf. B-tweenthetwo 
 C<r»/or;.M.Livius -iWChudius NeiO^therefe'l out a notable difcord: forCC\md\w?.TovkJrom Livius 
 ( companion with him tn office ) his horfe cffrvice : for that he had been fometimes cond'mf^ed /'y the 
 people of Rome ,.t«<i driven into exile. And Livius again did t he like by him , becaiif- he h.d bomfalfc 
 witftefs ■againfi him, and not dealthoatiiid<: with him, confidering the reconnliation between them, 
 
 wherein
 
 <70 The nine and tn^entiethBoofiofT.Liv'm, 
 
 wheretiithy^eemedio be made ^ood friends a^ain.The fameLmas left att the tribes hut o?ieidisfra»- ^ 
 chifed^and caufed them to fay tribute as no demz^ens^for that they had bot^h condemned him being inna- 
 cent Jndaffo made him a C(fnful and Cenfor afterwards. 
 
 The nineaniwentkthhook^ofT^ Livius. 
 
 SC/>/(7 after he was arrived in Sicily., difpofed his voluntary fouldiers in order, and enrolled 
 ihtm by Centuries. Over and belides them hehad about him three hundred lufty tall fel-/ 
 lovvs,for the flower ofthelr age and flrength ot body,the braved men of ail others: but they 
 wift not themfelves tor what purpofe they were referved ; being neither afligned to any co- I 
 lours under a Captain, nor fo much as armed at all. Then he made choice from out of the whole 
 manhood and youth of SicUy three hundred men of arms, fuch as for birth and wealth were the 
 very principall and beft in the Ifland, who were to pafs over with him into into yiffnck, • and he 
 appointed them a day, upon which they fhould all prefent themfelves in readinefs,fuTnifhed and 
 appointed in the belt manner with horfe and armor. This warfare fo fartrom home was like to 
 be irkfome unto them, andto bring with it much trouble, many difficulties and dangers, as well- 
 by fea as land. The confideration and fear hereof mightily difquieted not only the parties tbem^ 
 felves,buc alfo their parents and kinsfolk. Now when the day appointed was come^they fliewed 
 their horfes and armour.Then Jdpiomade a fpeech unto themvand Oid, " That he was given to 
 *' underlhnd, that certain Sicilian horfemen Hood in great feat and dread of this fouldiery,as^K 
 " beino a fore and painfull piece of fervice : In cafe then (quoth he^ there be any of you fo min- 
 " ded "and difpofed indeed,! had ratheryou wouidnow prelently be known thereof unto me,and- 
 " confefs at once, then hereafter to vvhine and complain, and fo to prove lazy lubbers ardon- 
 " profitable fouldiers to the Common-wealth. And therefore utter your minds in plain terms, 
 "and I wlUbe content to hear you withoutoffence. Whereupon, when as one of them tooka 
 oood heart.and faid flatly, "■ That if it lay in his choice freely to do what he would, he was alto- 
 '' gether unwillirg to ferve: then Scif^o anfwered him again in this manner, Forafmuch as(my 
 «' youth)thou ha(fnot diffembled thy hearts grkf,but fpoken out what thou thinkeft, I will foon 
 "depute one inthy turn unto whom thou maieftdetiver thy armour, thy horfe ,and other fumi- 
 "tureofwarfare, ard whom thou (halt forthwith have home with chee^there to train^teachj&L 
 '' exertife him after thou had given him thy horfe and armor.The young man was glad hereof,andj 
 accepted the offer upon that condition '• and fo he affigned unto him one ofthofe three hundred 
 abovefaid.whom hekept about himfelf unarmed. When the red faw that horfeman in this man- 
 ner difcharoed ofhis(ervice,and that with the favour and good will of the L.General : every man 
 then bet^an^tofpeak for himfelf.and to make excufes.and took others in their dead. 1 hus for the 
 three hundred Sicilians were fubilituted as many Roman horfemen, withont any expences at all 
 of the State. And the Sicilians themfelves had the charge of inllrudling and training them up.For 
 theCenerall had made an Edift andProdamation, That whofoever did notfo,{liould ferve him- 
 felf in pcrfon.This proved by report a brave cornet of horfemen above the red; and in many bat- 
 tels performed right good fervice to the Common- weal. After this, hetookafurvey of the legi-j^ 
 aions or footmen": and all thofe who had born arms longed in the wars he feleded forthxfpecially • 
 UK h as had been employed under the conduvf^ oiMarcellM. For thofe he well wift to have been 
 brought under the bed difcipiine of warfare,and alfo by reafon of the long fiege of Syracufe^to be 
 moft'skilfull in affanlting of Cities. For now tbey were no finall matters that he had in his head, 
 but he plotted even the very deftru6tion and ruin of great Carthage, After this,he divided his ar- 
 my and placed feverall forces in fundry towns.The Cities of Sicily^ he enjoyned to provide corn; ' 
 he made fpare of that which vas brought out of Italy ; ilie old fhips he newly repaired and rig- 
 ged,and with them he fent Lf///.-jinto Jffrtckjioz to prey upon the country and fetch in prizes j 
 The new which rid at Vanonr.us he drew up to land, that they might ali winter long lie upon dry 
 ground, and be feafoncd, becaufethey were made in haiie of grecu timber. When he had prepa.^^ 
 red all things neceffary for wir,he came to the City of 5>wa//f ,wbichas yet was not in good or- 
 der and well quieted/ince the great troubles of the late wars.Foi the Greeks made claim for their 
 coods.pranted unto them by the SenatofiJawc, which certain o; the Itahanniiion detained and 
 withheld from them by the fame violence, wherewith in time of war they had pcffefTed them- 
 felves thereof. He fuppofng it meet and requifite to maintain above all things, thecredit of the 
 State ; partly by vertue of an cdi6f and commandment, and partly by a civill ccurfe and procefs 
 of law againd fuch as were obflinate and avowed their wrongs done, he forced them to make re* 
 ftitution°to the Syracufians. This a£l of his pleafed not only them but alfo all the dates of Stcily, 
 and therefore they were more willing and forward to help him in the wars. 
 
 The fame fummcr there arofein 5p/« great troubles, raifed by the means of IndihilU theller-Q 
 oete f )r no other occafion or reafon in the world but becaufe in regard of the high admiration of 
 5ir/;);(j, all other Captains behdeswhatfoever were but defpifed. "■ Him they fuppofed tobethe 
 " only General that the Romans had left,now that all the red were flain by A»mhal. And here- 
 " upon it was(thought they)that when the twoScipios were killed,they had no other to fend into 
 *' Spain but him : and afterwards, when the wars grew hot in ItalrM was the only man fent for 
 " over to match with Anntbal, And over andbehdcs that^the Romans had now in Spain no Cap- 
 
 '* tains
 
 The nine and tn^entmh Bool^ of T.Livius. ^y 2 
 
 f^ " tains at all, but in bare name and fhevv: the old experienced army alio was from thence vvith- 
 ''drawn.A^ things arc out of trame.and in great contiihon &:none therejbutadiforderedfort ot 
 " raw trelhw aier fouidiers.And never they looked to ha\ e again the like occafion & oppormnicy 
 "to recover .sy^'M out ot their hands. For hitherto they had ever been inliibjevition to thatday, 
 ^^ either to the Carthaginians or the Romans, and not alwaies to theone or the other, by turns, 
 " but other Wiiies to both at on.e.And like as the Carthaginians have been driven out by the Ro- 
 " mansjlb may the Romans be expelled by th? Spaniards,it'they would hold together. So that in 
 "theend 5/)i;«r« being freed irom all torrain war, might be reliored forever to theanciertcu- 
 " ftomes.and rights of the country. With thel'e and luch likeltiugeHions and diftonrles,he follici- 
 led andraifeduot only his own inbjectsand countrimen,Dut the Aufetansalfo, aneighbour-na- 
 
 Btion.yea,3nd othcf St.ues snd Cities that bordered upon his and their confines; To as within few 
 dai^s there airembied together into the territory of the Sedetans(accordingto an Edidpublifhed 
 abroidjthjriythouf.ind foot and lall upon four thouiand horfemen. 
 
 The Roman Captain viiKe^viieior thir part, L.Ltvyf «//,«, and L. M.mlms Acidinm-, leil by ne- 
 gleittd ot the Inii bcvinning.the war might grow to a greater head,joyned their forces together, 
 and mar hingi^'rough the country oftheAuietans, as peaceably as if they had beenfriends,(not" 
 withllandin-'Z-'ney were known enemies ) v.ameto the very plate where ihey were encamped and 
 pit..hed themfcivo within three miles or the enemies. At the firit they alVaied by way of Embaf-. 
 fage to deal with ihern,and toperfwadeihem tolay ahdeall arms and hollility; but they labou- 
 red in ■. ain. Afterwaids, when astheSpanifii horfemen gave charge fuddenly upon certain Ro- 
 
 Q man- thst vvere lorraging, the Romans aho lent out from their Stations and t orps de gtt.tr d their 
 Cavalry toref.iie: fo the horfemen skirmiflied, bdt no memorable afttofpeak of was effe>5\ed 
 on tlic one lide or ttie other. The next morrow by fun- riling the enemies all fiie wed themfelv es 
 armed and in order of battel , and braved the Romans within a mile of their Camp, The Aufetans 
 weremarfliallcd in the mainbaitel ; the Uergetes in the right point, and certain other Spjnifli 
 n.uion" of bale and mean account in theleft: between both thole wings and the battel; ol either 
 hand they left certain wide and voidplaces,whereas when the ;ime fervcd they might put forth 
 their horfemen. The Romans ha\ ing embattelled and put themfelves in array after their old and 
 uiuall m.^Duer.yet in this one thing ioUowed the examples of the enemies, iu lea \ ing out certain 
 open waies between the legions for the menof arms to pafs through. But Lf«f; /w/fuppolingthac 
 
 T\ theufeot the horle-fervice would beadvantagious to that part which firlt fliould fend out their 
 Cavalry into the biltell 01 the enemies, that lay (o open with fpaces between, gave command- 
 ment to 5rr.Cor«f//«i a Knight Marfhali or Tribune to will and charge the Cavalry tofet to with 
 their horfes.and to enter thofe open lanes between the enemies battaillons. And himfelt haiing 
 fped but badly in beginning the hght with footmen fo raflily, ftaid no longer, but until! he had 
 brof.ght tiie thirteenth legion ( which was let in the left wing oppohtetoihe llergetes ) out of 
 the rereward into the vanguard: for to luccour and Uren^.tben the twetth legion, which already 
 began to fluink and givegiound. Alter that once the skirmifh there was equall and fought on 
 evenhand. he advanced forward to L.Ma-.lms^ v\ho in theforefront ofihebattell was buhe in 
 euLOuraging his men, and fending fupplies and fuccoursinto all parts where he law needi'ull: 
 
 E flicwing untohim, that all was well and whole in the left point, and that he had lent out ComcH- 
 «;,who with his horfemen, would like a tempelluousftorm come upon them, and loon overcafl: 
 and belpread the enemies round about.The word was not lb loon fpoken,but the Roman horfe- 
 men were ridden within the ihickelloftheencmies,3nd not only diiordered the arraies and com- 
 panies of the footmen, butalfo at once (hutupthe waie^ and paflages that the Spaniads could 
 not make out with their horfemen. And therefore the Spaniards leaving to fight onhorfe- 
 back, alight on foot. The Roman Generals feeing the ranks and files of the enemies difarrai- 
 ed, themfelves in fright and fear, and their enfigns waving up and downevery way ; fell toex- 
 horting, yea, toentreatingof their own Infantry to recharge them with all their for:e, whiles 
 they vvere thus troubled and disbanded, and not fufler them to come into order, and re- enforce 
 
 pthe baitell again. Ana furely the barbarous people had never beenable to abide their violenc 
 imprelTion, hwii'mt I mi: b lis himfeU their Prince and Lord, together with the men of arms 
 that were now didnounted on foot, made head againll the enllgns of the footmen in the van- 
 guard .Whereupon enfued a (harp and cruell fight foragood while. At lenjrth, when asthey thac 
 fought about their Prince (■ who lirfi'-,althoi:gh he were half dead, yet Rood their ground and af- 
 terwards v\ith a javelin was nailed to the e;.rth) were overwhelmed with dans, and flain ; then 
 they began to flie on all hands: but the greaternumber weekil'ed in the place,becaufe both the 
 horfemen had no time nor fp.ice torecov-r their hores,and mount upon them again and ^Ifothe 
 Romans pirefled fo hotly upon them after they vvere once difcomtited, andne\er gave oxerun- 
 till ihey had Uript the enemies quite out of their Camp, So there died that d.iy thirteen thou- 
 
 Q land Sp.^niards, and we'.l near eight hundred were taken priloners.Of Romans and Allie-,not ma- 
 ny more than twohundred 'e't theirlives behind them and thofeeipeciilly in the eft point. The 
 Spaniards, that either were driv en out of their Camp, or efcapcd out of the batteil, firfi ran fcat- 
 tered and difperfed over the fields, and afterwards returned every man to his own City where 
 hedwcit. 
 
 Then A/atdo»iuf fummoncd them fo a generall councill; where they all bewailed their calami- 
 ties & mifcriesjgreatly blamed the authors of the.war)and agreed in the end to fend their cmbaf- 
 
 fadors
 
 ,.^^ i he nine and wenttethBoo\^ of TXavius, 
 
 " """l"ador< to "ive up their arrtis,2nd to yield their bodies. Thefe having exclifed ihemfelvesand laid y , 
 the whole fault upon iKciibuis & the reft ot the Princes who were the (iirrers of the war. & were 
 ' for the mofl part ilain themfelves for their labour in the held-.yielded up their armour dtad them- 
 felves and received this ^nfwer from the Romans: That they fhould be received to mercy, and 
 their lubmiflion accepted /if they would deliver alive into their hands .i,(j«^o»//«,and the reft that 
 were the breakers ot peace. Otherwife, they threatned t6 lead their forces into the territories of 
 the Tlei-^etes and AufetanSjand fo forward, of the other nations their complices in that rebellion. 
 With tins anfvver the Orators departed, and related the fame in the council! affembled. Where 
 M'-'idoyiiHs and the reft of their Lords were apprehended &: delivered to the Romans for to be pu- 
 • nifhed and executed accordingly. So the States of 5p.«w obtained peace again: and a double tri- 
 bute for that year was impofed upon them, and they enjoyned to provide corn to ferve the army I 
 lix months befides fovildiers liveries,{hort coats and fide ca(focks:and they received hoftages wel- 
 near of thirty Cities. Thus the troubles and rebellions of 5p.<!»» being begun and ended after this 
 raanner)Without any great ado within few dales, all the force ofthe war turned upon Jffnck. 
 
 CL-c/wbeino arrived in thenightatH/));>oRoyall;by the break ot the day jled forth with ban- 
 ner diiplaicd in order of battel all his fouldiers and mariners, for to harrey and fpoil the country. 
 And findiu" the inhabitants there retchlefs and care!ers,aiid living in lecurity as in time of peace, 
 they did much hurt and annoied them fore.Whereupon the news went in poft to Carthage^iti all 
 on a hurry & put them in exceeding great fear. For it was reported.that the Roman Armado was 
 arrived, and that ^cz/i/o the General was landed ( for the rumour ran before, how hewaspaffed 
 over already into 5/c/7)'.)Andbecauie they never defcried the fhips.nordifcovered certainly what K 
 power of men invaded and fpoiled the country,they thought the moft and doubted the worft,as 
 fear commonly maketh every thing more tbanit is. And fo at firft they were only affrighted and 
 terrified ; bur afterwards they grew melancholly and troubled in fpirit in thefe tearms, to think, 
 " Thatfortune ihould fomu<:h bechanged,ihatthey who a little before as noble conquerors ;had 
 " lain encamped with an army before the walls of A'awsf deieated fo many hofts of enemies,and 
 "either by meer force or meerlove,held all the States of it..ly under their Signory, (hould now 
 " themfelves fee the wheel fo turn about, as they were like fhortly to behold the wafting and fpoi- 
 "lin^^ of Affru\^ and the City oi Carthage bel-.eged: a thing that they were never able to en- 
 *' dure with that valour and refolution.nor toabioe with luch ftrength as the Romans had. For 
 " theRomans had ever the Commons of Rome ; they had alwaies theyouth ot Lutium ready ac L 
 " hand I who ftill encreafed more and more the new try, and daily grew in number to make fup- 
 *' ply and to repair & t'urnifh out fo many armies that were defeated .WhereaSjtheir natural peo- 
 *■'■ ple'were neither in townnor country tit for fervice,theit aids were wagedand hired for money 
 *' from amono the Aflricans,a nation liketo turn upon any accidents: to change with every gale 
 " and puff of vain hope,and werebciides falfe and unfaithful in their promife.For now the Kings 
 •'already-,SrE/?-.v and M./fJ^^jfT-'j^heone upon conference with Scipwis fecretly alienated from us 
 *'^inhearCjand the other openly revolted in a6fion, and become our moft deadly enemy :fo that 
 t'there remaineth neither help nor h' pcforus at allinanypjace.ForneitherM^/uis abh'wGaui 
 " to make any commotions andrebeijicai nor yettojoynwith ^>!ml'aI:Av.d asiov ^nuih/him- 
 '^felf. he weareth apace, and decaiern djiiy both in fame and reputation, and alfo in ftrength and M 
 *' forcible means. When their minds being thus dilquieted upon thofe frefh and prefent tidings, 
 they were fain tobevvailand lament their vvfifullftate, theinftant danger recalled them again to 
 confult by what means they mig.ht withiund the imminent perils. So they thought good to take 
 muftersin all hafte both in the City and the countries by, to fendfome to levy and wage the aids 
 of the Affiicans to fortifie their City,io '. ti'^g in 11 ore of [-rain, to provide weapons and armorjto 
 ri" their navy &to fend it out to //.//p^.for toenountc the Roman Armado. Whiles they were 
 devifin" thefe courfes, there came at laft a poll with "cws , that it was L<£l/w and not Sf/p/o who 
 wasfet'afhore; th.u there was landed no gieatei power than for to makerodes intothecounrry 
 for booties only: and as for the main ftrength c\ the whole armyir remained ftill in S/c/7>'.So they 
 had fome refpit to breath themfelves, & btg.in 'o addrei: thtir Lmbafhes to Syphnx and to otherN 
 Princes,fortoeftablifIi and confirm peace ^nd league between them. They difpatched others al- 
 fo to Pl:ilip^y\\o fl-iould make promife unto him of two hundrc-d talents of filver.in cafe he would 
 take the leas and pafs over cither into Siai^ or JaJ) . Meflergrrs alfo were lent as far as into Ita' 
 ly unto their own Generals lerving there- »o v«/il! them to railc what troubles they could polfibly, 
 for to keep S(r'p!<?awork,and hold him b.:ektrom coming into A,*f/-.r/^, And unto M<4^(7 were lent 
 not only thofe meffengers atbrefaid,but alio five aid twenty long fhips of war fix thoufand foot- 
 men, ei'-'ht hundred h'orfemen fevenElephants.andgreatftoreoftre.-ifnrebehdes fortohire aids, 
 whereby he might advance forward with his lorces nearer to Rome.snd joyn with v^wwi^/.Thefe 
 preparations were making, and thefe courfes deviling at Carthage, when as yiafmtjfa upon the 
 bruit that went ofthearrivail of the Roman fleet, bcgantoftarr upsndrou7.ehimfe!f; andac-0 
 companied with fome few horfemcn, came unto I alius-, bufe in driving ftill gren booties out 
 of thecountry, which he found altogether disfnrniftied of armour- and unprovided of guards 
 and carrifons for defence. " Hemuch complained that Sdpio wns fo fljck in his affair-, and grie- 
 "ved that he had not paffed over ere this time with an army into -<^jfWf;^.wbilf^rheCarthagi- 
 < nians were thus affrighted .whiles Srph^x wastronbled with thewars ofthe borderers:of whom 
 "he was thus much perfwaded, thatifhemight have refting time to compofe his own affairs 
 
 ^to
 
 The nine and tn>entietb Boo\of T. Li vius. 575 
 
 A "to his mind,he would noc continue faft unto the Romans, nor deal in any thing faithfully and 
 " fouDdlywich them: willing him to foli!citS£r//);9,yea,and tofpurhim on and importune him noc 
 " to fland Jonger at a bay and make delayes. And for his own parc,notwith(landing he were dif- 
 '' feized of his fathers KiDgdom^yet he would be ready to afliit him with fuch a power of foot and 
 • horfe as were worth God amercy: advihng LaUhs withal not to make any longer itay in AfHck^ 
 '•for afmnch as he believed verily, that there was a fleet already let out from Crrt/wjj^, with 
 " which in the abfencc of Sf-p.-o, he might not with fafety enter into conflidl: and battail. After 
 this communication. Mafanijfa was diimiffed, and L<elius the next day loofed from Iliffj^ with 
 his fliips laden with pillage and prizes : and being returned into StcUy-, declared umoSop'o the 
 counfei and credence that he had from M.'.fmijfu. 
 B About thcvery fame time thoicfliips which were fent from C.^rf^^rfTf to M.i^a^co^i^m^ along 
 the Albiganians and the Ligurian?, arrived at 6V«»^.lttortuncd that i^^^o at that time lay with 
 his fleet in thofe parts:who upon the words ofthemeflengers.& the commifiion to raife as great 
 forces aspoflTibiy he could ,immediatly held a counfei of the Frenchmen and Liguri.in5;f&rot 'noth 
 nations there were gre>it numbers in thole coafls. '^ Where before them all he declared how he 
 '* was fent unto them for to fet them at liberty: and how (as they might fee thcmfcl'.es) to th?.c 
 "effeil he wasfurniflied with new aid and fuccourfrom home. But what forces, :nd how great 
 " an army was needi'ul tor the managing of the war in hand, iclay in them to determine. As for 
 '• himfelffir/f and fornaoli he knew ful wefchat there were twoRoman armies abroad>the one in 
 ''f/»i.T^,the other in iHskany. ir\<^ that Sp. Lucretius would joyn with J/. Liv:Hs: and therefore 
 C " they themfelves were to put many a thoufand in arms jor to make head againll cwoGenera!s;5i 
 " two compleat armies of Romans. The Frenchmen made anfwer Dgain,Thar their will was good 
 "enough, and they had an exceeding def:re to compafs and effeft the defignment intended : hue 
 " for afmnch is the Romans had one camp within their confins, and another in Tuf-any neer nd- 
 " joynin^ and in manner within fightfi- peradv cnture they ll:ionld be feen in the acdon to aid the 
 '• Carthaginians ; incontinently both armies, as well the one as the other would in all manner of 
 •'hojiility invade their territories : qnd therefore theyrequefledhim todef.reofthe Gauls fuch 
 " things, wherein they might (tand 1^ inliead fecretly under hand. As for the Ligurian;,becaufe 
 '' the Romans lay far enough off en^a^pod from theitLandsS: Cities .they might diipoib welie- 
 " noHgh of themfelves as they lift : and therefore it was good reafon that they lliould put their 
 £) " young & able men in arms,&; bear a part in the minaging of the war.The Ligurians refilled not. 
 Only they craved refpit of two monethsjfor to takeiiiiemufters. In themean time yl/<ij(?, having 
 fent away (heGauls.clofely took up&preft fouldiersahrojighout their countrey Towns for mo- 
 ney. And from the States o(Frd>lce^t\^&te. was fent fecretly provifion of viJfuals of al forts unto him, 
 M.'.rcsis LiviHS led his arir.y of VoJiuntaries out of Ttcfcanj into France-, and having united his 
 forv:es unto Lucretius his power, Wrjs ready, to receive and welcome .'!A'j?-o,if haply he removed 
 cut oftheLigurianscountreyneefettotheCity of ijT>?we:butincafe Mago kept himfelf quiet in 
 a corner under the Alfi^ he minded alfo hipfelf there to ksep his (landing leaguer about Arimi- 
 »;/.•», for the guard and deience of /n^. s" ' '' i' 
 
 After the return oiC.LtcUm out o( Afrtck both; ^<rrp/o was pricked forward by cbe inftigations 
 E fnd periwalionsof /l/^pw;//".?: and alfo hi? fouidiers, feeing great prizes brought out of the ene- 
 mies LaDd,and every flup fraight therewith.; were mightily incenled and fet on fire with a burn- 
 ibg defvfeito' be (jrAiVfijiortcd over thither withallfpeed polTible.Butas they were plotting about 
 this enterprife ot greater importance, they thought alfo upon alelferthatcame between name- 
 ly ,thc, winning again oUhe City of Loc?-*, which in the general revolt of all// ^j/y, had hded a'.fo 
 with the Carthaginians. The firlf hope that they conceived both to atfedl and effeit this enter- 
 prife. grew.upon a vcryfmallfnatter :byoccaliontbatiii theBrutians counrrey,the whole man- 
 ner of fervice was performed -by way of robbing and roving, rather than by any ordinary courfe 
 of war. The Numidians fnll began, and the Brutii foon took it up and feconded them : net fo 
 mu.hbccaufethey would keep the Carthaginians compa.ny, and do as they did ; but for that of 
 ;^ their own.natural inclination they were prOpc, and ready enough to follow that courfe. At laft 
 the Roman ibuldier* alfo,infc.ftedasitWere by theirexample took delight in robberies: andfo 
 far forth cs they might have leave of their Captains, wouldmakeinrodes into the territories of 
 their cioemics. It fortuned fo, ihat when fome of them were gone abroad a plundring, certain 
 Locrians vvexc intercepted, and brought away with themto Rhefium. In which number ofcip- 
 lives-, w;relbm^Gaipentetsand mafons, W+io as it chanced, were hired to work for the Can ha- 
 ginians iipf^ieCaftlcof Lsriri. Thefe weredifcovercd and known by certain great men, and the 
 prirwipal^uizens ofthe LT)cFians, who hapned then to Uveas banifhed-'pctfons in Rbet^ium; fuch 
 as by the contrary faiSf ion rh u banded with AnnibuL and had delivered Loc-i into his hands,were 
 drivcn'outc*fiheCi^y. Thefe men fci^toqneflioning with them (as commonly their manner is, 
 G who have been long out of their ownCountry) of many matters, andamo! gtherefl:,how all 
 things fared at home : who told them .ill accordingly ; and therewith, put them in fome good 
 hope, tlm iftheymi-ihr be ran!cmcd, fet at iartie, and fent home again, they wou'd betray the 
 CalUe unto them = for affpuch as within itthey dwelt, and the Carthaginians put them in truU of 
 ail things there. Thev ibeiefcre,nsmen that were wonderful delirous to return thither, as well 
 for love df their nativ«,c,Oiiutry, as for to be revenged oftheiradverfsries. out ofhand paid their 
 wnfome: Jrat^Uer ihcji had guen.order how toworkthefeat,^nd in what fort; as alfo agreed 
 
 D d d upon
 
 t^y6 The nine and wentieth Boo1\ofT. Li vius. 
 
 upon the figns and tokens whichthcy fliould mark from on high a far off, they were fent back H 
 again. Then the exiled Locrians repaired unto Scipio at Sjractffe, with whom alfo were others of 
 the banifhed perlons oiLocri : and there they related unto him the promiles of the captives afore- 
 faid.and put the Conful in very good hope that iheeffeil would be cortefpondent to their de- 
 fignment. With them were fent two Tribuns orMarn.alsjto witjM.5er^;«;and /'.M*/fif»w with 
 commiffion to conduit three thoufand fouldiers from Rbegmmto Locri. Letters alfo were dif- 
 patched unto^. P'cminius the Vice-pretor, for to be affiliant in this a6lion.Who being departed . 
 from Rhe^mm^ and carrying with them (caling ladders, proportioned to the height ot the CalUe 
 wall tore-told unto them, about midnight gave a token by fire to thofe that were to betray the 
 Cafrle, trom that place whl.h they had agreed upon : who being in readinefs alfo, and looking 
 wiHly for them-piit down likewife ladders of their own,m3de for the purpofe;and in many places I 
 aton.e received them that climbed up: fo as, before there was any alarm heard.theyfet upon the 
 wati^h of the Carthaginians, fafl afleep as they were, anddiftrufting no fuch matter: whofirtl 
 were heard to grone as they lay a dying, but afterwards, to make a noife and keep a running and 
 much ado, upon their fuddain ftarting trom fleep, all the whiles that they wiU not what the oc- 
 cafion was. At length,npon the difcovery of the matter, one man wakened another, and every 
 one called aloud to arm; crying out, that the enemies were within the Caftle,and the watchmen 
 flain. And without queftion,theRom3ns had been put to the worfe and defeated quite, beirgfai: 
 fewer in number than the enemies, but that there was an outcry and fhoutfet up by them that 
 were without the tortrefs ; which lb long as men knew not from whence it came, put them in 
 in gear fear: and the tumult befides by night madeevery fmal! and vain thing much greater than it K 
 was. By means wnereof,the Carthaginians a(ionied (as if all places had4>een full of enemies) a- 
 bandoned ail fight and betook themfelves into the other fortrefs (for two there weredilknt not 
 far afunder.)TheTownfmen kept poflelTion of the City, as the prize and guerdon in the mids/or 
 the winners. Bur out ofthe two Calfles there were light skirmifhes every day. Q^P/emmiru was 
 Captain ofthe fort and garrifonofthe Romans, and Amikar over the Carthaginians: and both 
 parts increafed their (irength, by aids that they had coming unto them from the places adjoyning. 
 Until at laft ^y»»/Wfhewedhimfelf inperfon:andnodoulyt theRomans had never been able to 
 hold out, but that the whole multitude ofthe Locrenfian? fare galled and grieved with the proud 
 government and the covetous polling ofthe Carthaginians' took part with the Romans. When 
 intelligence came wScipio.^thiX. theRomans were diltreffed in Locrt,znd that v4«»(i<?/himrelf was L 
 advancing thither : for fear left thegarrifon alfo fliould be in fome hazard (as having no ready 
 means to retire from thence^ himfelf leavlijg at Mejfana his brother L.Scipio for the guard of the 
 place, paffed over from thence with bis vefl'eis down the vfater, when he efpied the current and 
 the tide together to ferve for a tare. Likewife A»»/WhaviW^ fent out a vancurrier from the River 
 Btttrotus (which is not far from the City Locri) tofignify'tiYito his men, that by day light they 
 fliould give a hot charge with all their might and main upon the Locrenfians and Romans both, 
 whiles he himfelf made an aflanlt upon the Town behind, not looking for him, but wholly turned 
 away and amufed upon that other tumult. Now when as early in the morning he found the skir- 
 mifb begun, he was not willing to put hiwfelf within the Cattle, for fear of peftering with over 
 great a company the place fo tfreight and of fo fmall re:eipt : and for to fcale the wails they had j^ 
 brought no ladders with them. So caufirg all their carriages and packs to be piled up in one heap 
 'together; he prefented all his footmen in battail array before the City, to terrifie his enemies 
 withal: and with the Numidian horfemenhe made a bravado under the walls, and rode about 
 the City. Whiles the ladders and other ordinance meet to give an aflault, were in preparing and 
 making ready, he approached on horfeback neer to the wall, for to view on which part above the 
 re(f, he might give the affault: and there he was fliot with a quarel difchargedfrom an engine 
 ca'Ued a Scorpion, which hapned to be planted next unto him. And being affrighted at this fo 
 dangerous an occurrent, he commanded to found the retreat, and fortified his campaloof with- 
 out the peril and fhotofany dart. Now was the Roman fleet from Mef am zriw edit Lecrt jiind 
 had the day afore them :fo asthey wereallfet a land, and entredtheCity before the funfetting. N 
 The morrow after, the Carthaginians began to skirmifli out ofthe Caftle: and y4»«<i(«/ being 
 now provided of ladders, and having all things elfe in readinefs needful for the affault, came un- 
 der the walU : with that,all upon a fuddain the Romans fet open a gate and {allied out upon him, 
 who feared nothing lefs than any fuch accident : and thus fetting upon them at unawares, flew 
 two hundred of them. y/w»/^<?/ perceiving that the Conful was there, retired with the reflinto 
 the camp : and after he had fent a meffenger to them that were within the Caflle,wilHng them to 
 fiiit't for themfelves, in the night fealon he diflodged and departed. They alfo who were in the 
 fort, alter they had let on fire the houfes which were in their keeping, of purpofe by that tumult 
 to caufe the enemy to make fome ftay and tarry behind, ran aw ly in manner of a rout and before 
 it was night with good footmanfliip overtook their own company. Snp.'ofeeing as well thisCa-Q 
 file quit by the enemy, as their camp alio empty, called the Locrenfes to a general affembly, and 
 gavcthem. a fharp check,andrebukedthemfortheir revolt. The principal Captains & Authors 
 ot thattrefpafshe put to death; and gave away theirgoods to the chief heads ofthe other fafti- 
 on, in reward and confideration of their fingular fidelity to the Romans. But as concerning the 
 publitk Pate ofthe Loctians , he laid he would neither make nor medle therewith , either in gi- 
 ving to them, or taking ought at all from them. Hue willed them to fend their Embaffadors to 
 
 ' ■ '' Rme,
 
 The nine and twentieth Bool^of T. Li vius. 577 
 
 A 'RonietAX\^ look what the Senac would ..ward in equity,thit fortune they fliould abide. This one 
 thing he ,was well allured ot',that how ilifoever they had deierved of the people oi Rome-.ytt they 
 l>iould live in better condition undertlie lignory of the Ron1ans,provoked to anther as they were, 
 than they had already under thegovernment of Carthaginians, pretending love and amity as 
 they did. 
 Then himi'elf in perfon cut over to A1cffa»a\iit\\ thofc forces that he brought with hinijlcavir? 
 f Umitff,:*! his Lieutenantj> and that power that won the Calile, m garrilon tor the defence of the 
 Ciiy. The citizens oiLocn had been fo proudly mitufed, and fo cruelly handled by the Carthagi- 
 nians, alter they were revolted trom the Roman;;- that it feemcd they could be content ro abide 
 anyfmall vvrongs,not only patiently butalfo willinglyand in manner with a glad heart. Bin fofar 
 B now exceeded Plemmttis.AmiLcxr the former captain of thegarrifonifo far went tl.c Roman oar* 
 rifon fouldiers,before the Carthaginians in wickednefs & avarice^that a man would have rhonght 
 they had rtrove together who n-.ould pais the other infinful viceand iingodiinefs and net in testi 
 of arms and ptowefs.For neither Captain nor fouldier forbare to pra^ife upon the poor Townf- 
 •men any enormous fatts,whieh are wont to make the great & mighty men odious unto the poot 
 and meaner perfons. They wrought and committed fliameful villanics upon their \ery bodies » 
 upontheir wives and children. And their greedy avarice fo far proceededthat theycould not hold 
 their hands from fpoiiing ai;d robbing the very religious and facred Temples. Infomuchjas among 
 other holy Cbunhes which they polluted, they met even with theri^hmeafure of /"ro/frp^^i, 
 whit-h had lien iHilin all ages,and untouched by all others: Live only it was reported to have been 
 C pilled by P)rr'hui,'H\\o indeed carried away thefpoilofher.but he deerly bought itjand paid full 
 fweetly tor.jhatfacriledge. And therefore like as before time the Kings fhips lliakcn with tem- 
 pefls, and corn and fplit with the rage of the Sea, brought nothing at all in that wreck 
 lafe to Land, but only that facred mony of thegoddefs, which they had (loin and carried away i^ 
 even fo at this prerenc,the very fame mony (but in another kind of calamity and milery)brciigh'£ 
 uponall them that were tainted in that wicked adtion of robbing the Temple, a Lf range &fran- 
 tickmadnefs; which caufed Captain 3gain(tCaptain,and fouldier againflfouldier,to fare asifthey 
 were Hark mad ,and enraged as mortal enemies one with another. P/<'»;/>7/,'//had the chief rule and 
 command, otail, Asforthefouldiers, fome were under him, fuch as himfelf had brought froni 
 Rhegihmi others were commanded by the Tribuns orColonels. Now it chanced that one of 
 £) VLminiHi his fcaildiers had lioln a Iilver cup out of a Townlitians houfe, and ran away when hd 
 had done ; and the owner* after him with hue and cry , and fortuned to come in the way, and to 
 meet with SergintSc MatienM the two Tribuns or Colonels full in the face. Whereupon the cup 
 was taken from him by thecommandment ofthe Tribuns; and thence arofe firft a branl,and fom^ 
 hard words were dealt between ; and from them confequently they went to open clamors and 
 loud outLrieSyi until at length there grew a very fray between the fouldiers of PUmiyjim ix\d oi 
 the Tribuni^iand according as they came (fill one or other in time to help their own fide, both 
 the number and the riot increafed at once. In the end, Plemiwus his men went away with the 
 blows. and moaned themfelves unto P Umitiins-immmg to him with open month and great indig- 
 nation, fliewing their bloudy wounds : and reporting belides, what opprobrious words to hi? 
 £ difgrate had pafled againll hi.n without fpare, in the time of thofe brawling fits. Hereupon in a 
 great cholet and boyling heat otbloud, begat him forth of doors in allthehaff ; convented the 
 Tribuns before him,and commanded them to be (tripped naked, and the rods to be brought forth 
 ready ior to fcourge them. But whiles there was ibme time fpent in turning them out of their ap- 
 parel & uncafiDg ihem(for they (Irugled & made reliflame and called to their fouldiers for help)3l 
 at once they came thick about them (for very luHy they were upon their trefh vii^ory) and ran 
 from all places, as if the alarm bell had been rung againlt the coming of I'omc enemies. But when 
 they law once the bodies of their Tribunes tewed with rods, then they fell into far more furiotis 
 rage and a very fit of madnefs: and thus incenfed as they were, without all regard. not only ofthe 
 reverent majefty of authority, butalfo ofcommon humanity, they fell upon the Lieutenant him- 
 jF feif, alter they had molt pittioufly beaten and evil inrreatcd his Li6tors and Officers about him. 
 Then having fmgled him out apart from his Miniders and Sergeants, theycruelly mangled him, 
 cutotfhis nole.cropt his ears, and left him fordead. News hereof came to Melf.{na,3nd within 
 few dayes Sapio highed him apace to Loat in a gaily directed with lix banks of oars : who after 
 due examination and he.irin» ofthe caufe between Plemimus and the Tribuns, acquit Plenui:i;:s as 
 innocent, and left him Governour of the garrifon ofthe pi ace : but he judged the Tribuns guil- 
 ty, as Milefaiftorsand caufed them to be bound inch.nnsfor tobe Tent to ^owe unto the Scnare: 
 andfoheretiurned to Atejfti-:a. and from thence to Syr^-H/f. P/fw;/>7<«fnotableto over-rule his 
 anger and thinking that S?;p/o had dealt but coldly and negligently in the matter, and made too 
 light of the injury which he had received, and not punilTied the offenders accordingly ; and fup- 
 G poling that there was no man elfe able to make true eftimate o!: the caufe. but be that in his own 
 penon h.jd felt the indignity and hainoulnefs thereof; commanded the Tribuns to be haled before 
 him and aftgrhehadputthemtoall the cruel torments, that any mans body isable toabide,he 
 put them to death : nnd not fatisfied either with their dolorous torture whiles they were quick, 
 Dorvvith takiipg their lives from them, cart their dead bodies forth into the fields, thereto lie a- 
 bove ground unburied. Thelikecrueky heexercifed upon the principal Burgeffes ofthe Locrians, 
 Xuch as he heard fay went to Scitio for to make complaint of his wrongs and injuries. And look 
 ! ,. Ddd a what
 
 ^ ^ 8 T'he nine and tufentieth Boo\\ofT, Livius. 
 
 what foul and fhameful pranks he had plaid afore with his friends and allies, proceeding of loft H 
 and covetoufnefs ; the fame now in his fell and furious rage he multiplied and wrought in divers 
 forts : fo as he brought infamy, hatred and obloquy, not only upon himfelf; but alfo made the 
 world to think hardly, and to fpeakmuch (hame of the General himfelf. 
 
 Now drew the timeneer of thefolemneledtion ofMagilirats; when as there came letters to 
 Rome from /'«^.L/««wtheConful, the tenor whereof was to this effeft: That himfelf and his 
 army were fore vihted with a grievous ficknes ; and that he could not poflibly have ftaid there, 
 but that the violent contagion and influence ofthe fame malady, if not greater & more grievous, 
 had not aflailed the enemies. Seeing that therefore himfelf was not able to come unto the dtSd- 
 on,he was mindcd,if it might fo ftand with the good liking ofthe Lords of the Senat,to nominat 
 as D'liXzioi QX^ecJius MetelhiSyioito hold thetorefaid cleftion. And as for the army ofQ^.Ceci- t 
 liHs^i was for the good ofthe Common-weal that it fhould be caffed and difcharged, fmce that 
 there was no imployment of them at this prefent ; confidering that Atimhalsvis retired already 
 with hisforcesimo his Banding camp,and taken up his wintring harborjand again,thepeftilence 
 crew fo hot in that leaguer of his, that if they were not difcharged betimes, there was not one 
 of them like to cfcape and remain alive. In ihefe points, the LL. of the Senat granted out their 
 commilTion unto the Conful, for to do according as himielfthought to ftand either with his 
 own credit and truft committed unto him, or the benefit of the Common- weal. 
 
 At the very fame time there was a certain religious opinion that had poffeffed of a fuddain the 
 whole City, by occafion of a certain Prophefie found in the books oiSii>jlla. When fearch was 
 made into them and they diligently perufed, about the raining of ttones, which bapned fo often k 
 that year. The Prophefie ran in this form •• " At what time foever an enemy of a ftrange and for- 
 '' rain countrey ,fhaU happen to make war upon /r <r/;,he may be chaled out oi Italy and vanquifb- 
 " ed.if the goddefs dame Cyl'ele of /^<«,were brought to Rome from Peffmus. This Prophefie found 
 by theDecemvirs,moved the Senat the more,for thatjtheEmbafladors alfo who carried the obla- 
 tion and prefent aforefaid to I)«//>/70/, related. That asthey themfelvcsfacrificed unto ^ythms A' 
 potfojtll the inwards ofthebeaft killed for facrificejappeared good ^and (hewed profperity: and the 
 Oracle belides gave anlwer, That there was a far greater vidory toward the people oi Rome than 
 that was, out of the fpoils whereof they brought gifts and offered to the God at this prefent. 
 And for to makeup and fully accomplifh thefe hopes, they alleaged withal, how P, Scipioin de- 
 manding theProvince of ^jfncj^,did prefage (as it were^ before-hand in his mind the final end L 
 of this war. To the end therefore,that they might with more fpeed obtain this honorable vidVory 
 thns fore-tokened J and cfffering (as it were j it felf, by all lucky prefagings of men and Oracles of 
 the Gods, they thought and devifed fomemean to tranfport thefaid goddeffes to Rome. 
 
 The people ofRome'm thofedayes was confedered with no States of yf^^ : howbelttheLL. 
 calling to mind,how long ago, upon occahonofa ficknefs, and to purchafe health unto the peo- 
 l)\e,tyEfcul.ipius was fent for like wile out oi Greece^ before it was joyned with the City of Rome 
 in any leagueor fouety ; and conlidering withal, that there was fomefriendfhip and amity begun 
 already with King ^fr<«/i«/ (in regard ofthe common war againft PW')>) and that he would be 
 ready to do for the people of Rome, whatfoever lay in his power, they refolved to fend unto him 
 an honorable Embaflagc to mi-,M. Valerius Levi>ius,\vho had been twice Conful,and had warred j^^ 
 in Greece i M'Cecihus Afetellus, who had been a Pretor, and Servius Sulpitius Galba : likewife an 
 jEdile, and two late Queftors, C. Trfwf/tajF/^ccwj, znd M.T/ileriHs Falco. For thefe five, they 
 affignedfive Qainquerems or Gallies of five ranks of oars, that according to the credit and dig- 
 nity ofthe people oC Rome^ibey fhould make a voyage into thofe Lands, with whom they were 
 to win a reputation and Majefty to the Roman name and State, ThefeEmbafladors,as they held 
 on their courfe toward y^/.i,fo foon as they were put on Land at D.-lphos lepniitd direftly to the 
 Oracle,for to know what good hope it might afford unro them and the people of ^ffw?,ofeffe<ft- 
 ing that bufinefs and commiflion, about the which they v\ere fent forth. And this anfwer by re- 
 port, was returned to them again,That they fhould obtain their defire, andeffeftuate their pwr- 
 pofe by the means of y4/r<?//«theKing: advifing them moreover, That when they had con- N 
 veighed the faid goddefs down to Rome, they fhould take order, that the very beft manofallo- 
 ihers intheCity,fhould give herlodging and entertainment. But to proceed, to PergAmutihty 
 came unto the King. Whohaving courteouflyreceived and welcomedtheEmba{Iadors,con- 
 ducSled them into P^bryj^m to Pejfi.ms^ and delivered into their hands that facrcd and holy ftone, 
 which the inhabitants ofthe country faid,was the Mother ofthe Gods, and willed them to carry 
 it to Rome. Then Myalcnus Fdco was fent back from the other Embaffadors to advertife them 
 at /!owtf, that the goddef'; was coming-, and thattheyfliould leek out the beft man in all the City, 
 for to receive and lodge her in his houfe with all devotion that might be. 
 
 Now was Q^. Cd'iliHs Afctelltts nominated Di6fator by the Conful in the Brutians country , a- 
 gainft the lolemn elevSion ofthe Magiftrats. His army was disbanded and cafled and L. P^etariut q 
 Ptocreatcdmadercf thehorfe. Then the Di6fator held the Elesftion. In which were chofen 
 Coa^vhiM .Cornelius C (theous & P .Scmpronim T»ditamts\n his abfence,whoat that time had the 
 government o^ Greece. After them were elected Pretors- T.CLwdtus Nero 'W^.-Martius R.itUfL.Scri- 
 ioftius Li^o.Si M.Pompom'n Matho. When the Eledfion was finifhed,the Dictator refigned up his 
 place of magillracv.The Roman Games were thrice rctiued and fet fonh,&the plaies Ple^nfeven 
 times exhibited. The ^diles of the chair were C«.and L.Cornelms Lentuli both. This Luems go- 
 verned
 
 The nine dnd tix^entietb Boo{ of T. Li vius. 5 jg 
 
 A verned then the Province of Spain : created he was in his abfence, and ablcnt as he was he bare 
 that dignity. The yEdiles of the Commons were T.CLiud-ta ^feUi^j, and M,jnniHs Pemuts. That 
 year M.M^rcedus dedicated the Temple oiVenue-, neer the gate C-'penn^ the feventeenth year af- 
 ter it was vowed by bis father at CUjiidium in GalUu^ during the time of his firft Conlulfliip. 
 There died alfo this year a Flamine of Aiqrs^ namely. M,k.mylttis Rcgillus. 
 
 For thelaft two years theaftairs in Greece had not been well followed./'/;///;) therefore taking 
 the vantage, that the yEtoiians wereforl'aken oi the Romans (the only aid upon which they tra- 
 iled; forced them both to fue for peaccjand to contrsft the tame under what conditions and ca- 
 pitulations himfeifplealed: which if hehadnotmjde itie better hali, all that ever l:c could toac- 
 complifli in good time, P. Su.^pronjHs the Vi^e-Conlu., (ent to UKCced S»lpit::is iurhegovern- 
 
 B ment,haduiteriy defeated him whiles he waged war with the i£tolians,conhderingthache was 
 ten thoufand foot and athoiifandhorfelhong, and had five and thirty tall lliips otwar, headed 
 with brafen pikes before;a power of no fmail importance, I aflure you, to aid and alHll his allies. 
 For the faid peace was not (b foon concluded,btit news came to the King,that the Romans were 
 arrived at D^rrhnchium ', that the Parthines and other neighbour nations, upon hope of change 
 and a new world,began to rife and rebel; and that Dim ilium was already beheged and ad'auUed: 
 for to that City the Romans bent their power (in Ikad of aiding the vEtolians unto whom they 
 were fcnt) upon high difpleafure and indignation,that without their advile and confent, yea. and 
 againlt the tenor of the accord and covenant they had made a peace with the King. Philip upon 
 thefe advertifements, for fear lelffome farther troubles might aril'e among the nations and (htes 
 
 C there bordering took long journeis,Ji fped him apace toward yipollonta. Thither Sempronins was 
 retired, after he had fenc LeHrorirts his Lieutenant with part of his forces and thirteen fliips into 
 i£ 7/ d to vifit the conntry,and to fee in what terms they Hood , yea.and to difturb and break the 
 p-trcc if poflibly he could. /'/jf/zp warted and fpoiled the territories and lands of the Apcl!oniats,and 
 approv-hing the City with his whole power, bad battail to Sempromtisth^ Roman General.But af- 
 ter he faw once that he kept himfelf quiet within the City, flanding only upon his guard and de- 
 fence of the wallsdilfruliing alfo his own Hrength,as not able to for e the City by aflault: Sc deli- 
 rous withal to entertain peace with the Romans as well as with the jEtolians, if he could; if not, 
 yet at lealiwife to have truce with them-without etfedting any more( feeing he could but only rub 
 an old fore.Sc renew cankred malice upon frefh contention & quarrel)he returned into his realm, 
 
 D About the feme time, the Epirots weary of long wars, after they had firft founded the difpo- 
 fition and mind of the Romans that way,fenc their Embaffadors unto Phil;p^to treat about a ge- 
 neral and univerfal peace : affirming, that they had aflored hope of an honorable end and agree- 
 ment.if his highnefs would vouchfafe to codie to a parly with P. Sempronins the Roman General, 
 And foon they obtained thus much of him,astopafsoverinto£p/V«x, forthe King himfelf was 
 not unwilling thereunto. Now there is a City in Epiras-mmf^ PhiCHiceitbcic the King after com- 
 munication had firfl: with Eropus-, Darda znd Philippw-, Pretors of the Epirots, entred into an en- 
 ■ terview alfo with P.^emprontus. At this folemn meeting and conference, ^w/'«^Wfr the King cf 
 the Athamans was prefent.and other Magiftrates of the'^pirots and Acarnans. And firft Philippus 
 the Pretor began to fpeak and requel},as well King Ptriiipss the Roman General to make an end 
 
 £ of all wars,and likewife to giwc the Epirots leave to do the fame. P.S^wprow//^/ propounded and 
 fetdown the articles and conditions of peace in this wife, That the Parthins,D/Aw^/?//w,S^r-^»/«»i 
 and £«(j(r«;«»z,niould belong to theSeignory ofthe Romans, not withftanding that they had ob- 
 tained of the Senat by their Orators fenc to Rome, to be annexed to the dominion of /"/j/Zz/Kin^ 
 oiMacedony. When they were agreed tor peace upon thofe capitulationsj there were comprifed 
 within the league on the Kings behalf, /'r////zMKing o{ Btthyuia, the Achxians,theBccot!anS;the 
 ThefTali^nsthe Acarnans ,and the Epirots: and on the Romans the Ilienfes,K.. /rfzjto,P/Mnff«/, 
 Nabti the Tyrant of the Lacedemonians,the Eleans the Mefrenians,and the Athenians, And here- 
 of were inftruments and Indentnres ingrofl'ed and fealed, and truce made tor two moneths, until 
 fuch time as Embaffadors werefentto Ronte,i\\\x. the people mi^^ht by their futfrages approve of 
 
 F the conditions in that form. So all the tribes in general granted the fame, becaufe the war now 
 being intended and bent againft Africk,-, they were willing for the prefent to be difcharged of all 
 other troubles. 
 
 P. Sempronius having concluded peace, departed unto Rome for to enter his ConfulHiip. Now 
 when as M. Cornelius and P. Semproyjins wtte Confuls {'which was the 15 year ofthe Punick 
 war) the Provinces were alTigned unto them in this manner, namely, unioCor»e/ins, Hetrnri.^ 
 with the old army: unto Sempromus the BrutH^wiih the new legions that he was to enrol. And to 
 the Pretors in this wife were the Provinces allotted that Af, M.rrtitts lliould be Lord chief juftice 
 of the citizens pleas, and L.Scribonim Libo have the jurifdiition of foreiners, together with the 
 government of Galiut. /rewithar M.Pompotiins M.nho (liould rule Sicily, and T. CimdiusNcro fit 
 
 Q as L.Deputy in Sardiyiiit. As for PS'-'p'o^hh commiffion was renewed and continued for one year 
 longer, with rhe command of that army and Armado which he had conducted before. Likewife 
 P.Licini-ishsd his commilfion newly fealed for to have the charge of the-Brutians country. vvith 
 the pf^wcr of two legions. folor;^ as the Confnl thought it good for the Common- wci I that he 
 fbou'd remain in thego'ernment ofthat Province. Alfo Af. Livias & Sp. tacrff/wf-with the a(Ti- 
 ftance of thofe two legions with which they had defended Gallia againft; Ma^o, contin'i d ftill in 
 their room for another year. Moreover Cn, OEimit'-s remained in place, with commiCfion, that 
 
 Ddd 3 when
 
 ^8o T'be nine and wentkth Boo\ ofT, Livius. 
 
 when he had delivered M^iSardr/ithU the legion there untoT,C/^W;«/,himfelf fhould with40 long H 
 oallies fcour the Teas and guard ihecoaUs aiong the rn er .within mole iimitsibr which theSenat 
 had oiven order. Unto M. Fornfonim the Pretor in S/c/// were appointed the two legions of the 
 Cannian army. And T. Qiiintius and C. H. Ttthidus Vice-pretorj,were to govern as they did the 
 former year^the one Jaremum^i^d the other Capua\a.ad both ot them were allowed the old gari- 
 ions. As tor the government ot^p^;;?, it was put to queiiion before the people, what two Vice- 
 *- pretors their plealure was fliould be lent into that Province. And all the Tribes with one accord 
 
 gave their grant,that the fame Pro-confuls L.Cor.Lefitidus^and L.Manlms ^cidr/?us^Cho\M ht as 
 Governors in thole Provinces as the year bet'ore.The Conl'uis began now to muHerroiiidiers;as 
 well to enrol new legions for to be lent into the Brutians country, as alio to ihppiy and tultii the 
 number ofthe other armies;accoiding as they were diredled hy the Senate. And albeit -^jf^""*^ I 
 was not yet openly declared a Province^but diffembled by theLL.of the Senate, ( ot purpofe I be- 
 lieve.thatthe Carthaginians fhould have no inkling and intelligeni.ethereofbe''ore hand) yet the 
 whole City was in good hope, and made full reckoning that this year the war would be determi- 
 ned and fought out in ylfrtck, and I'o an end for ever of thofe troubles. This perfwafion ot theirs 
 had pofi'effed their hearts with muchfuperllition: and very forward men were, both to report, 
 and alio tobelievemany prodigious and ff range wonders, which daily were blown abroad &di- 
 ^ v'ulged more and more : To wit that there were two luns leen ; that inthe night feafon between 
 whiles it feemed day light; that in Setia there was a burning tor^h or biahng Star reaching from 
 theEaftto the Wehuhat inT4,ri!c;»^thegate,and in ^Ka^ma^a.^ well the gate as the wall in di- 
 vers parts were blafied and fhoken with lightning ; lalHy, that inthe Temple oijum Sofpita in K 
 Lamtvittm-, there was a noiie and a rumbling heard, with a horrible crack. For the expiation and 
 purging of thefe prodigies, there was a fupplication hoiaen tor one day : and a novendiai folemn 
 lacrifice was alfo celebrated, bet aufe it had rained hones out ofthe sky.Behdes all this, there was 
 fome confulation about the receiving of dame Ida . For over and behdes that M.J^ileripis on& of 
 the Embaffadors was returned Shad brought word that Ihe would be very fhortly in/r.:/;,there 
 came a new meffenger with tid)ngs,that flie was now already at Taracifia. This deliberation (a- 
 bout no fmall matter,n3mely ,wbom they fhould giv e judgement to be the beft man limply in the 
 whole City) held the Senat much amnied : conndering that every one for his pare was moredefi- 
 tous of truevi61:ory,and pre-emmen t in this bebalf,than of any promotions.honorsor dignities 
 whatfoever,awarded unto them Hyih, oices either of Senators or Commoners. In conclufiop, L 
 they judged P. Scipio, the (on or to at ' /j, who was killed in S;7<j;»,a very young man,and as yet not 
 of full age to be a C^eflor, the i ery btk jnan, without exception in the whole City. Upon what 
 motives othisfingniar vertues they wtre induced thsfrto deem of him, as I could willingly have 
 delivered untopolkrity- what tia(J. een I'et down in record by the ancient and firft writers of 
 thofe times:fo 1 willnot inte.pofcjpineownconceits,in.^uefliogaca thing which hath lien dead 
 and buried folong time. This V.O/'.eJiH w.is commandedto go accompanied with all the dames 
 ofthe City as far isioO/? a, there lomLCt the Goddels, andthento take her forth of the {hip, 
 and beingon efet onhnd code iierhtrunto the forefaid matrons for to be devoutly cariedto 
 theCity, Now when therhipw..sjni.edatthe mouth ofthe river Tj^fr^y, he, according as he 
 was directed, went aboord in a pinnace,&:)anched into the fea: where he took the Goddels at the x« 
 Pricfts hands and brought her on fliore. \vd the dames which were the noblert and chief of the 
 City,.imong(f whom,C.{^«/»t/.: vv.is the Lidy molt renowned, received her. This CUudia-, who 
 before time(as it is reported)wasof no better n.ime& fame than flie fhould be,now by this reli- 
 gious and devout mini(lry,w.isfor her ch.Mhty rnd cominency recommended better to polferity, 
 Thefe women caried this Goddels charil; & dairtily intheirhands,and tookherby turns,onein 
 coutle after another. All the City came toiih by heaps to meet her: and along the ftreets as flie 
 wSsconveighed -they flood at the dores withe en ers,making fweet perfumes, & burning frankin- 
 cenfe: yeajSc praicd unto her that fl,e won-d willingly enter the City of iJowtjand continue propi- 
 tious & gracious unto it. Thus they tranfporred her ir to the Temple of F/c?em within mountPa- 
 "li^pril.' latine,theday before the * Idssoi ylprj whih was aUv.;yes after kept asafeftival holydav. The N 
 »Th riaics Pcop'c with great frequency brought gilts nnto/" /^/..-^r-T, which they ofFredunto the goddefs & 
 called Mtgtic- iolemnizedaLfff//?^r«/«»;.And tiiofi pjaies .^lltd ,]g A^^? - ame up then & were firftinfliruted. 
 fia. Now when theCouncel were bufy.ind fat 'Sout thel'n •>'<'' 'hole legions which were in the 
 
 i'rovinv;es>there were certain of the Sena tors began to-j(hi(per& blow into their heads, That the 
 *" time was now come, no longer to abide iholetiiings whiih-c'un'rgrhe troubles and dange- 
 '■ rous daies they made a fiuft to endure . ton'"dc ingth'.tnow at len'^th by the goddefs of the 
 *' Gods,a]l fear was p.ifl,and the dangers ovcrbiown. At whii h words tiie Lords oft he Senat be- 
 " log in great expectation and attentive to he .rout the '■efiithcy went onflrdf^id, That tho'eii 
 "colonies ofthe Latins, which whiles O. J-.il'ius and Q^-n/viusweTC Conuls refo'c"d ro fet out 
 "fouldiers,now almolt for lix years had intermitted tljcir fcrviccin the \'"ar« as excmj-red trom q 
 " warfare altogether, and enjoyed that immunity as ,in honor .ind reward 'or their good deierts: 
 " whereas in the mean time.other loyal and obedient a lies were by mufle.-ing every year conti- ' 
 '' nually. waded and confumed, in perlormance or their faithfulallegemceanddinifnlfervjceto 
 *' the Empire of iJow^. At this fpeech, the Lords called not lb much remind a thing longforlet 
 and almof! worn out of remembrance as they were provoked to anger ?nd prew very hor;& there- 
 fore would not futfer the Confuls to pafs any other matter before, but decreed that they (hould 
 
 peremptorily
 
 The nine and twentieth Bool^^of T. Livius. 581 
 
 /i, peremptorily convent to /Ji^wf the Magiftrats, and ten principal citizens out of every ofthere 
 ColonieSjtO \siiiNcpetiSntrtum-,Ardea-,taLes-,uilba-,Cai[i:i^li iora:^»ejfa-,Sttta-,Circeit-)N.irnia^dir\d 
 Inter Atnna^ (tor theie were the Colonies touched in that point above-named) and to lay upon 
 them every one adoublelevy ot tootmen.to that number and proportion whiih ihey were char- 
 ged with, whenihcy letoutmoU in the ferviceotthe Roman wars, everllnce that the enemies 
 were come into It-ly- belides one hundred and twenty horiemcna peece. Andincaleany one of 
 thole colonies were not able to make up that tu.l number ofhorfemen, then to allow tor every 
 man of arms three fooimen.I'rovidedalwayes.that for foot and hor;eboth,ruch lliould bechofen 
 and no other, as were molHublfantial and of the belt behaviour,and befent to what plaie foe\cr 
 there was need oflupply even out o\ It^ly. And ifany of them refiitedihusto do. then theCon- 
 
 g luls hadcommilViontohay the Majiilirat- and deputies aforefaid, and not togiveihem audience 
 in the Senat,(akhoujih they Ihouid require the f^mejbetore they bad performed tholeimpoii- 
 \ tions. Moreover rholeColonies wereenjoyned to pay every year a tax or tribute, and thanhere 
 rtiould beraifed and levied, one Ais in the thoutand, of their inbilance by themonrh ; andbeaf- 
 I'effed in thole Colonies according to tnerate and rule that the Roman Cenfors lliould letdown; 
 whith they gave order lobe the lame that was laid upon the people of Ro}»e : and the inforsiati- 
 on thereof to be exhibited and prclcnted at ^owc- by the I worn Cenfors oftheforefaid colonies, 
 before they went out of their ofr e. By vertueof this A^^ of the Senate, the Magi(1ratsand chief 
 men ot thoic Colonies were lent forand compelled to repair to Rome: and when the Conluls de- 
 manded ot them,choie louldiersand tribute atorefaid,thev began all of them(but fome more than 
 
 C others J toretuieand gain lay it-, yea, and flatly to deny that l"o many fouldiers could polTibly be 
 made, n iy,h.irdly were they able,although they fii ould iirain themfelves to furnifl-i the bare hng!e 
 number, according to the ufual proportion and old prefiript order: requefting andbeleeching 
 them,togive them leave tohaverecourfeuntotheSenat,and there to make hire tor their releate: 
 neither have we (fay ihey^ fo much offended as thus hardly to be ufed. nor deferved worthily to 
 be undone. And fay, wc mult needs mifcarry and be calt away ; yet neither our offence, nor the 
 wrath otthc people of /Jo/>;f,can force us to find more fouldiers than we have. But the Coll, refo- 
 lute in their purpofe,commanded the Delegates and Committees of thofe CtJlonies.to Hay itill at 
 Rome^ and their Magiltrats only to repair home and take muders : for afmuch as (unlets the full 
 numberof fouldiers which wasfet down unto them were brought to Rome) there was noCon- 
 
 J) ful there would grant them audience in the Senat, Thus when all hope was cut otf to haveaccefs 
 into the Senac, and to obtain a releafe ; thofe twelve Colonies took a levy and enrolled the full 
 number. Which was no hard matierto bedone,conhdering how theiryoqth wasincreafed in 
 that time ot long vacation and intermillionof warfare. There was likewiie another matter (by as? 
 long fiience forlet and well neer quire forgotten) propofed newly again by M.KileTins L&vinns : 
 who laid, That it was meet and good reafon, that thole private perlons which had credited forth 
 their mon;es to the Common-weal, when himfelfand Af.Cjanditis wereConfuls, fliould now ac 
 lall beiatisficd, contented, and paid : neither ought any man to marvail why he(notwithlt2n- 
 ding the City were bound tor the debt^ had a fpecial care and regard to callupon themtor to 
 have it difcharged : for, belides that the Conful for that year being, when thofelones of money 
 
 t were granted^ was in fome fort properly obliged to fee that credit were kept ; himfelf moreover 
 was the very man that made the motion of taking up thofe monies.in regard that the City cham- 
 ber was fo empty of treafure, and the Commons purfesfo bare of money-,that they werelcarcea- 
 ble to pay the ordinary ttibur.This overture made by theConl'ul,was well taken of theSenat,who 
 willed the Confuls to put up this matterto the houfe : and fo they entped m Adt and decree, 
 that the faid debts fjioud be difcharged at three p.iiments; whereof the firlt fhould be made pre- 
 fently by the Comiiis then in place ; the other twain, by the Confuls that were to fucceed in the 
 third and fifth years cextenfuing. 
 
 Bin there fell out one new objeftand occurrence, that drowned all other care; befides, and 
 wholly poflefl'ed the lieads of the Senate, by occalionofthemiicries andcalamities or the Locri- 
 
 p ans'.wliecof before that day, they had no knowledge nor intelligence and now wereby theco- 
 ming of their Embalfadors declared and divulged. Neither were the people provoked to cho'.er 
 and anger, fo much at the lewd behavior,and wicked pranks of ,^. Pltinhius. as the flacknes and 
 negligence-oreirethepartia;ic> and connivency ofS^'-p/o in dealing between rhem.The:e tmbaf- 
 fadors of the Locrian,Men in number prcfentcd themfelves betore the Confuls fitting in the open 
 Hall cxlkdCom-tinm ; «hd they were in homely weeds and courle appafeKlcoVing pale and poor 
 on the matter;3nd carrying withal in their hands as tokens of humblefupplijnt5,ccrtain branches 
 of the Qlivc, according to the mam-er of the Gr^^/l^r fell down proflrne upon the ground before 
 thcTtlhuaal, with pitteous weeping and forrowfui lamentation. The Conful ; demmded who 
 they were: and they made anfwer again. That they were Lo rims, who had endured at the 
 
 Q hand? of ^, P/, w.'^/wr the Lieutenant and the Roman fouldif r.^ luch indignities, as the people 
 ot Rowe wonld not find int! eir hearts, that the very Carthaginians themelves lliouid luffer and 
 ruitain:,befeeching them to do them this favour, as to give them ieavet'>have accelstothe 
 Lords ofthe Senat, there ro make their mone and complain of their wofuldiftreffes. Being ad- '^'^'^* P^^^j^^J , 
 mitted into the Senate and audience s'^en them,then the ancientelt man of the company Ipake m ',°g'[j"J""„° 
 this wife, " Right honorable (my LL.) I know full well (quothhe)how important it would be, betofcthcSc- 
 "andavailableiothedueellimaic and weight ofour complaints and grievance, in cafe ye were ntitiT^mt* 
 
 im'ormea
 
 ■3z ThenineandwentiethBoo^ofT.lAvms. 
 
 "informed fufficiendy and knew the truth,as well in what fort Lscrmas firtt betraied unto Ak- H 
 'i »;^<j/,3sallo alter what order the.garrilon of ji»>itl/al wzs thence expelled.and the City reftored 
 " aoain under your obeifance. For,if it may appear that thetrefpafs of our revolt,cannot be im- 
 " p^tedany way unto the publickcounfelandconfentof our City ;but contrary -wife,that our te- 
 " turn under your lignory and dominion was not only pertormed with ourgood will, but alfo 
 " firft wrought and compafled by the means ot our helping hand and valour : ye have the greater 
 " caule to be difcontented and difplealed with your Lieutenant and jouldiers,for offring iis(your 
 "good and loyal allies) inch abufes.fo cruel wrongs and unworthy indignities. As forthecaufe 
 '• or our double revoltment and i.hange,l think it good to defer the fpeaking thereof to another 
 " time,and that tor two reafons : the one is,that the matter might be heard in theprefence of P, 
 '' Sa;7/o, who recovered Locri', & was an eye-witnefs of all that we have done-,be it good or bad: I 
 "the oiher is this.thathowfoeverwebcyet welhould not have abidenthofe calamities in fuch 
 *' fort as we h ne fupponed them. We cannot diilemble (my LL.) nor conceal, how all the w hile 
 " that we had the C< rthat;inir.n garrifon within our Callie, wc luffered many foul outrages and 
 '' fliameful villanies.both at An:;lc..r his hands(the Captain of the garrifon) as alfofrom theNu- 
 " midians and Africans : but what are they in comparilon of the abufes & indignities that we en- 
 " dure at this day? May it pleafe you (my LL. ) to give us the hearing of thofe things with pati- 
 " ence, that I fhall utter even againft my will with grievance. All the world at this day is in fu- 
 •' fpence,& ftandeth in great doubt,whctherto fee you ortheCarthaginianSjtheSoveraignLords 
 " of the whole earth. But if they were to weigh and counterpoife the Roman and Carthaginian 
 " Empire.by thofe injuries which have been oftred to us of Locrijz\i\iti from them or your gari- jj 
 *' fon;and which at this day , more than ever before, we ftill endure;theie is none but would rather 
 *' make choice of them to be their foveraign LL.than the Romans. And yet confider,! pray you, 
 " and feehow well afteiled the Locrians are towards you : when we were nothing fo hardly ufed 
 •' nor fo ill entreated by the Carthaginians,yet we had recourfe unto your Captain General : and 
 *•' now that we aremifufed of your garifoDjandputtomoreforrow than if we wereprofeflcd ene- 
 " mies,yec we have run no whither with our complaints but unto your felves.Either flial y ou^my 
 " LL.) vouchfafe to have companion of our miferable ftate, or eli'e we fee not what we have left 
 *' wherein we fhould pray unto the immortal Gods/or to be good and propice unto u«. Q.PU- 
 *' miiiiui Lieutenant to the General Scifio^wis fent with a flrong garrifon and power of men, to 
 *< recover Locn out of the hands of the Carrhaginians;and with the very fame garrifon was he left L 
 *' there -but this Lieutenant of yours ( for jthe extremity ofmiferies and afflictions wherewith we 
 " are driven,maketh us bold^and putteth courage in us tofpeak our minds freely finding nothing 
 " at all in him of a man,my Lords,but the bare fhape and outward forminor of a Roman citizen, 
 *' unlefs it bethe habit of apparel which he weareth, and the found of the Latin tongue which he 
 " fpeaketh. A very plague he is & no better ,a monHrous & ugly beaft,like nnto that, which fcme- 
 '' times(if old tales and fables be true)haunted the narrow feas between us and Sicily^fo: to de- 
 '< ftroy all paflengers that failed by .Who,if he could have been content himfelf alone to have pra- 
 *' ftifedSi wrought upon us your allies jail mifchievous acts &pranks,ofwickednefs,of filthy luft, 
 " and greedy covctoufnefs,we would peradventure in all patience & long fufFerance,have filled up 
 *' that one gulf and pit were it never fo deepj& fatisfied one gorge never fo unfatiable. But now j^ 
 " fo great a delight & pleafure hath he taken rhat all lewd & licentious parcsall fliameful afts and 
 " villanles fhould be commonly praftifed & in every place commicted,that he hath made all your 
 " Centineirs very VleMtyiH, yeiyiv.d your fouldiers as bad as himfelf. All of them can skill now of 
 '^robbing rlfling,fpoiling,beating,wounding-,and killing: they are all good at forcing of dames and 
 '' ladies of honorjat ravilhing and deflouring ot young Virginsjat abufing^'againft kind)of young- 
 " ]ings,free born and well defctnded,whom they pull perforce from between the arms,and out of 
 "the very bofomes of their parents. Daily is our City affaulted and taken ; daily is it facked and 
 *' pilled,night and day,there is no place free,but ringcth again with the piteous flirikes and lamen- 
 '■ table plaints and cries of women and children,harried and carried away in every place. He that 
 " were aftrangertothefe things,3nd knew nothing,might wonder well enough, how either we N 
 "^ can polTibly hold out in fuffering fuch outrages,or they svhich are the doers, not yet be fatisfied 
 '■■ and full of committing fc great wrongs and injuries.For neither willmy tongueand utter .mce 
 *'ferve to deliver, nor needful is it and expedient for you to hear every thing in particular, what 
 " we have fuftained. But in generall will comprife and knit up altogether. I willabide by ir that 
 " there is not one houfe throughout al Z.oct/,1 dare avouch there is no peffon either one or other, 
 "exempt from the wrongs that he hath done. I fay,& (land to it,that there is no kind ofwicked- 
 *' nefs.no manner offilthyluft&uncleannefs^nounfatiableavaricebefideSjthat he hath not affaied 
 '• to pra6life upon as many as were capable thereof^Sc fit fubjefts to work upon, Hardly can a man 
 " devife and think, whether of thefe two mifchiefs incident to a City be more detettable, either 
 *' when the enemies force it byaflault intime.of warjOr when a peftilent& cruel tyrancopprefTeth q 
 *-itby force ?i arms duringpeace.Allcalamiticsweendured before, that Towns wonand ioftare 
 ■*' put unto. And now at this hour,more than ever (my LL.^ Pleminius hath perpetrated upon us, 
 '' ourchildren& our wives.all thofe exccflivevillanies that the moft inhumane rruel &oiurage- 
 *• ous tyrants can devife to exercife upon thofe fuhje(ft<;, whom they keep down with oppreflfion.& 
 *'tread imder foot.Yet one thing there is(rioht honorable)whereof both fenfe of religion imprin- 
 " ted Si engraffed naturally in our mindsjConftrainsus to make particular complaint by fpecialty ; 
 
 and
 
 The nine and ti^entiefb Boo{of T. LiviUs. 582 
 
 A " and alio out dedre isjthat ye fhould have the hearing,yeajatid to afloil and dilcharfeyourCorrt- 
 
 *' men- weal of the icruple of confciencejin cafe ye think it fo meet and requiiite.For we hav e ob- 
 
 '' fcrved and feen wich cue eyes,with what devotion and ceremonial reveremcyou not only ho- 
 
 " nor and worlhip the Godsof your own, but aifo receive and entertain thofe of Hrangers and 
 
 "forrainer?. We have in our City a Chappelcf/'/^/^/-/>;«^, concerning the holinefs ot Which 
 
 *' houfe, I luppofe verily. that ye have heard lome report and fame, during the war of King Pyr- 
 
 " rh:ts: who in his return out of S/c//;, palling along the fea hde wich his Heet by Uoi, amono or 
 
 **therfliameful vilianiesand outrages which he committed againd our City in defpight of us,and 
 
 <• for our fidelity fliewed coward you^pilled alfo androbbed the crealureof this Profervtna.yNhkh 
 
 " to that day had ne^ er been touched by any man whacfoever.And when he had fo donejhe em- 
 
 B " barked the mony^& feni it away by water,but journeied himielf by Land. But fee what hapned 
 
 " my LL, hereupon! His whole navy the morrow after, was all even tofled,fplit,& coma pieces in 
 
 " a molt hideous gult and horrible tempelt,fave only thofe fhips wherein thai facred treafure was 
 
 •'bdlowed,which werecaft upon our coad.Sc driven afliore. Whereupon this King^as proud & 
 
 " fierce a Prince as he was, being taught by fo great harms and lofles, to believe that there were 
 
 *' Gods in heaven that ruled ail; made diligent fearch for aJl the faid monies.,and caufed the fame 
 
 *= to be brought back againjand laid up in thetreafury of Vroferpina.hvd yetforailthat,neverfped 
 
 '' he well in jny thing that he went about,from that day for ward. Hunted he was and chafed clean 
 
 '' out oiltaly-tZTid coming by chance one night, & entering unadviiedly the City of Argos^\\Q died 
 
 '' an oblcurcjbal'canddiflionorable death. And notwithfianding your Lieutenanc,your Colonels 
 
 C «' and knight Marfhals heardof thisanda thoufandmorel'uch inllancesSc examples which were 
 
 '' recounted unto them (not for to amplify andfet out with the higheft the great religion and 
 
 '' holinefs of the place ; but as weandourancellors have had right evident proof, and that full 
 
 *' oftentimes,to fliew the manifefl power and puiffance of chat goddef3)yet were they fo hardy a? 
 
 *' to lay thei-r thcevifli and facrilegioas hands upon thole treal'uresjthat were inviolatand not to 
 
 *' be touched ; andfoby that curled prize and booty have polluted chemfelves, their houfes, and 
 
 " your fouldiers. Whofclervicetakeheedmy LL.as ye tender yonrlelves and your credit, how 
 
 *' ye employ cither in /r.;// or in ^i/'/f^^.in any of your affairs and wars chere'.betore ye purge and 
 
 *' expiat this foul and heinous fad: for fear lelt they make amends,and pay for this deteltablefor- 
 
 " feit,not only which their own bloud, but alfo wich lome publick lofs & calamity of the whole 
 
 D " 5tate. And even already my LL.the ire and difpleafure of the goddefs hath been well feen upon 
 
 " your Captains and fouldiers both & at this prefent day continuech flill.Sundry times they have 
 
 " been together by the l.3r^,and f utfled one againft another with banners difplaied. P/^ w«»/»j the 
 
 '•^Captain bare up one iide and two MarlTials or military Tribuns another. Never foucht they 
 
 *' more fiercely & fharply with the Carthaginians in the field.than amongft themfelves in fraies at 
 
 *' thefword point. And through their furious rage they had given AttHib^l °ood opportunity and 
 
 " vantage to regain Locn into his own hands;but that Sep o,whom we fent for,came in the mean 
 
 " timeupon him.Buc peradventure^'forne wil!fay)chis madnefs and fury hanceth and rormenteth 
 
 " the fouldiers only,who are tainted with the forefaid facriledge,and no po wer at all ot" the ^rod- 
 
 " defs hath been fhewed in pnnifliing the leaders and captains themfelves. Nay I wot in them it 
 
 E " hath mofl evidently appeared. The fribunshavebeen beaten with rods by the Lieutenant & the 
 
 ••' Lieutenant again, beinglaidfor by the faid Tribuns, andcaught in a train, hath not only been 
 
 " mangledallhis body over, but whenthey hadcutoff hisnofe, and cropt his esrs, was left for 
 
 " dead in the place. And afcet wards, when the Lieutenant was recovered and cured oi his hurts, he 
 
 " firfl impr ifoned the Tribuns ;then he fcourged them,&: at'icr he had martyred them , & put them 
 
 *' to all exquifite tortures that mi'^ht be deviled againlt boDdtlaves, he put them to death:&; when 
 
 *' they were dead, would not (uffe"thetn to be enterred. Thus ye fee how the goddefs hath puni- 
 
 *' fhed and taken vengean>;e cithern that have pilled and robbed herTemple;& never wil flie "^i ve 
 
 '' over to torment and harry them with all manner of furies and hellifli fiends,beforetbel'3cred 
 
 " money be again bellowed in the chefls&cofers ofhertreafury. Our anceftors long agoja time 
 
 F"of orievous and cruel war between them and the Crotoniats, becaufe the Temple ftandeth 
 
 " witnout the City .were dchrous to remove that treafure and money from thence,into the City. 
 
 " But in the night there was a voice heard from out of the flirine, that they fhould hold their 
 
 "hands offnbr that the coddefs her felfknew well enough how to defend her own Temple. And 
 
 *' becaufe upon this warning they made it a matter of confciencejSc were afraid to (1 ir t he treafure 
 
 ** from thence,they would needs cad a llrong wall about the faid Temple: & when it was brought 
 
 "Dp to a good height from the ground, behold, fuddainly at once all the work came tumbling 
 
 '* down.But both now,and oftentimes behdcs, hath this goddefs eitherguarded her feat & chap- 
 
 '' pel, or elfe if it hath been any way violated, fhe hath been grievoufly revenged by fomefearful 
 
 ^ ''example of them that havefeemed to offer violence to the fame.Now for the wrongs that wea- 
 
 ^ " bide, flie is not able;neither is there any other but your felves(my Lords)to right us,aDd revenge 
 
 " our quarrel.You are they whom we flie unto;unto your proteif ion only in all humble manner, 
 
 " we have recoure. And all oneii is to us, whether ye fnffer Lscr.- to be under that Lieutenant and 
 
 *' thatgarri'on oryeeld us unto y^^rw^^j/inhisanger.andtotheCarthaoinians.for to wreak their 
 
 "teen upon PS & ourthroats. Neither require we. that you fhouldcredit and believe ourcom- 
 
 t' plaint of him that is not now in place without liberty of his anfwer,& pleadins for himfelf. Let 
 
 " nim come hardly ; let him be at the hearing himfelf, and ipare not, let him in Gods name clear 
 
 "and
 
 t^A The nine and wentieth Book^fT. Bivius. 
 
 " and acquit himfelf,if hecan. If when all is done and fai<l;it can be 'prdved,that he hathleftun- H 
 " done any mirthiet'againft us^that one man can devife to do unto anbtherjwe will be content to 
 " abide and endure all thofe miferies once again (if it were pcflible) which we havefuffered al- 
 " ready, yea Si to hold- end declare him guililefs of all offences done both to God and man; 
 
 When the EmbafTadors hadlaidabroad chofe matters^and^.f^^wj demanded of 'them,whe- 
 thcr they had complained unto P.^cipia-, and uttered thefe their griefs before him^ihey made an- 
 swer andfaid, '' Tha-t they had fent tinbafladors unto him, but he was bufied in making prepa- 
 " tionforthe war4,and Vvas either pafled already overinto Ajf7-;f;^-,or upon his voyage ready to 
 " take the Seas within few dayes: and they had feenby good experiecce,in how great favour the 
 '• Lieutenant FlentiniHs flood with his general : and namely, they were not ignorant how Scipio 
 ''after he had heard the matter between the Tribuns and him>committed themtoprifon:butas t 
 "for the Lieutenant,whowasas faulty as the other^ if not more,him he left there ffill in his full 
 "authority. Now after that the Embaffadors were willed to go forth of the Temple wheK the , 
 " Senat fate, the chief LL. of the Senat began with biting wordsto inveigh bitterly againff Scipio 
 " as well as Plemmim. But above all others, ^.F<?^/«i girded at him, and fad, That he was born 
 " even tocorrnpt and mu all military difcipline. Thus (quoth he) inSp4;»3lfo we have loft more 
 *' by mutinies of our own fouldiers, than by the wars with our enemies : for why ? after a (Grange 
 ''and forrainmanner, and according to the guife of Kings, one while he cockered hisfouldicrs 
 " and fuffered them to have their will and head too much ; otherwhiles he would be o verfharp 
 " and cruel to them. After which rough words,he came upon then! both thus with as heavy and 
 "fharpa fentence, namely, That Plemmms the Lieuteiiant by hisconfertfhouldbehad away K 
 *' bound in chains to Rome-t^nA there clapt up in prifon.until his caufe were heard, and judicially 
 "determined : and in cafe thofe challenges were true, that the Locrianshavecommenfed aeainft 
 '■ him. he fhouldbe put to death in prifon,and hisgoodsbe confifcate and forfeited to thecnam- 
 " ber of the City, As for P.Sciph-Sn that he prefumed to depart out of his province without com- 
 " mifTion and diredionfrom the Senat, he iliould be called home: and the Tribuns of the Com- 
 "'mons dealt vvithal, to prefer a bill unto the people for his deprivation, and to put himbefides 
 *'his place of government. As touching the Locrians, his opinion was, That the Senat fliould 
 *< give them their difpatch, and return them this «nfwer: Firli,as touching the wrongs that they 
 " complained of, it was not the will and pleafure neither ofthe Senat uor ofihe people of ^ow? 
 «' that they weredone; who wifhed with all their hearts they had been undone : /r^w, that they J, 
 " acknowledged them to be good men,to be their friends and allies5and fo would accept of Chetn 
 "and call them. As to their children, their wives and other goods taken from them whatfoever, 
 " their mit^d was that they fhould be reftbred agiin : Item-, that enquiry fhould be made what 
 *«fnms of money were taken outof the treafuiy of /'ro/frp/??.?, and that two-fold relHtution 
 " fliould be made and laid up there in ftead of it:/. fw,that there fhould be a folemn purgatory fa- 
 "crifice celebrated tor arrtends and expiation of that fin ; but fo.asthecolledge firftofthePriefts 
 *' and Bifliops fliould he confulted with, and their advice taken in that behalf, (confidering the 
 '* facred treafure was dilqnieted,laid open and violated) namely, what manner of expiations and 
 "clenfings wereto be uled.to what Gods, and with whatbeaffs they fhould facrifice: Finally, 
 <■<■ that aii the fouldiers which were at Locri fhould be tranfported over into Sicily ; and in their j^ 
 " room four cohorts of allies from out of the Latin Nation fliould be brought to lye in garrifon 
 " there. But every Senator could not be asked his opinion and fenrence that day, by reafon of 
 their difference and difagreement ofminds fohotly incenfedlbme infavour;Other in disavour of 
 ^cipio. Forbefides the lewd part o^PleMiKifis-.and the calamity St opprefTion ofthe Locrians,they 
 be^an to fpeak againft the apparel of the General himlelt, " How he went not like a fouldier and 
 " 3 warrior, nOjnor fo much as like a Roman : walking up and down, and fquaring it out in the 
 '< fchools and open places of exercile with his mantle and cloke.and in his flippers and pantofles, 
 *« after theGreekfafliion : And that he was over bookiOi, and fet his mind too much upon read- 
 *' ing ; and took delight to be in the fencing fchool and wreftling-pl3ce:and all his men and guard 
 •' about him as idly and wantonly given as he, took joy in the pleafures & delightful feat ofSyra- N 
 " cufa.Ks for Carthn^eztiA Jir^ikiiythzy were quite forgotren:and his whole army through loof- 
 *' nefs and liberty was fpilled and clean loft, like to that of late at Sucro in Spai!s^ and all one with 
 " them at this time in Locri, more to be feared of their friends than their enemies. And albeit 
 thefematters thus reported, were either true,or mingled with fometruths,and therefore founded 
 all very probable; yet the opinion of ^.Af«f//«; prevailed: who in all other things gave his affenc 
 unto /i^j.v»w.7r,only as touching Sr/)»o,he vat'ed from him. *' For I can not fee any reafon (quoth 
 " he) how this can fland that whom erewhie the whole Citychofe at thofe young years of his, 
 ^ ro be the only Cnptiin for to recover Sp.!/«; of whom they made fpecial choice to be their 
 •'ConUiI' afterthat he hadgottenS/).7/» from the enemies, toend at once thePnnick war;and 
 "in whom thev repofcd gieat hope, that he was the man to draw Annibal oMt oi Italy ^ and to q 
 *'fubdne all Jfri'k^: he now flionld all of a fuddain be called for home out of his Province, 
 "as a perfonalmoft condemned, without pleading .ind hearing of his caufe, as if he were ano- 
 " ther Plcniim- s: confidering that even thofe lewd and cruel parts which the Locrians complained 
 "of were by their own words and confeffion not committed whiles he was prefent in place: nei- 
 " ther could bebe charged and accufed direftly for ought elie but only for his fufferance and con- 
 "nifencyjin that upon a tender and refpeflive indulgence of his Lieutenant., he was too remifs, 
 
 ''and
 
 The nine and twentieth Boo\ of T. Li vius. 585 
 
 A " and forbare to punifh him with rigor. His advice thereFore and opinirn was that M.Pomfoiu- 
 ''»jthePretor, unco whole lot the government Oi j>;c./, was taiien iliou.*.' .i^itnin three dayes 
 "next and immediatly enl'uing.taltehis journey inco his province: and that iheConiuls, Ihould 
 " elect X. Commiflioneis or Delegates cut. of the btnate. luch as they though: good of, and fend 
 " them with the Pretor ; likewiie two Tribuns of the Commons, and on.; /Jtd.iC : that the Pretor 
 " withwiththe alfiltance ofthefe peifonages,lliouidbt upon acommiifion toen..]iiireandknovv 
 *'the truth: and incaic they could find that thofe things wherewitti ihcLocrianslOLna them- 
 *' felves fo much grieved, were done either by comai-^nanicct and diicdtijn trom S'-.y.-/, o; with 
 '' his wii! and confcnt; then to charge him to dep.nt out ot the provin( e. but in caie that PJ^ct- 
 *'•/>/<» were already pafied over into ylffncl:^'- thert'ic toreiaid Iribuns ot li.'t: Coti.nons,aDd the 
 
 B " jtdile, joyningunto thcmtwo of the Delegates abovel'aid- f;uch as thePrcior deemed moft 
 " meet) fliould tail into ^jfrtck} and the TribuDi ;rd iiidile b ing vndi them Sapio tiom thence: 
 " and the twoCommilTioners have the charge .".nd government ortheanny iincilluchiimeasa 
 " new L.General liicceeded and came in place. But if M.Pomponiusixid tht: len Delegates above- 
 '• faid, found chat neither by the direction, nor with the will of F. ^apio ihcie enonr.incis -^iUo, 
 " committed,ihenP.Sc/p/ofiiou!d remain It ill with the army, and go foiwnrd with the warasne 
 *' intended. When thisdecree of theSenai was om e pafled and an actmade thcreofthey were in 
 hand with the Tribuns either to agree between themfihcs, or elfe tocaft lots, whiih two cf 
 them fliou!dgo with the Pretor and the Delegates. And then checolledgeo,theii::hop.s w^re 
 conlulted wit hjabout the expiation and making fatisfaiftion for thofe things w hi.h in the i emp!e 
 
 C ot Prcferpirm ac Lnci were either bandied poliuccd,or carried forth from thence. The Tribune: of 
 the commons that wenithe journey with the Pretor and the Commiffioners, were AljClA'/.dtus 
 MMctfUiii^H AlXiyicitii tdirneitiiis'- who alio had an^Edile of the Comimons to ailllt them, whom 
 they might command,ilSr,p/o would not obey the Pretor, whether he were in S/i7//y,or gone over 
 into A.frui^, to apprehend and attach his body ; andby vcrtuc of their lacrofanitand inviolabie 
 autfrority to bring him home with them. And firlf they refolved to go to Locn before they went 
 to Me^\i>tit. But concerning Plena ni:ts-,i\\z report goeth two wayes. Some fay,that when he was 
 advertifcd what was intended and devifed againd him at Rome^ he purpoted to go to NapUs into 
 baniflimentjand chanced by the way to light upon one of the Delegates abovefiid,and fo by him 
 was perforce brought back to Ri.dgmm. Others affirm, that Scipio himfelf lent out one of his 
 
 D Lieutenants, accompanied with 30 of the moil noble Knights or Gentlemen that he had abouc 
 him,with a warrant to commit Q^FUminiiii^^ad with him the principal Authors ofthe fedition, 
 and to lay chemfalf in irons. But certain it is thattheyall,wereitby the commandment oiScifia 
 beforcjor then by warrant from the Pretor, were put in ward and fafe-cuftody with the Rheoins. 
 The Pretor and the Delegats being come to Locn, firlt and formolf , according to their commilli- 
 on,had a principal care of Religion. For all the holy money which they found by diligent fearch 
 in the cuftody either of Plemmitu, or ofthe Ibuldiers together with that which they themfelves 
 had brought with them from Rome, they beftowed again in the privy vellries where the treafure 
 WIS kept : and belides, they made a folemn purgatory facrihce for the Sacriledge. After this, the 
 Pretor affembled the foud'.ers together, and commanded them to carry their Enligns out ofthe 
 
 ECity : where himl'elf encamped upon the plain; and proclaimed that nofouldier.as he would an- 
 fwer at hisutterrtioft peril, fhould either tarry behind, orbring forth any thing with him but his 
 own.Thenlie gave the Loctiansleave-thac every man fhould lay hold upon that which he knew 
 to be his own: and if ought were not forth-comingand tone feen, to challenge and put in his 
 claim for it. And above all things, his pleafure was, that all bodies of free perfons whacfoever, 
 fliould without delay be rellored unto them, and i! any made default of reiHiution,he fliould a- 
 bide the fmart andbegrievoufly punilhcd. Then he ailembledtheLocrians to an audience, and 
 pronounced before them all,That the people and Senat of Rome granted unto them their ancient 
 liberty,and their own laws : giving notice unto them, that whofoever had any thing to fay againft 
 PUminiui oz Any other perfon by way of^ccufationjhefiionld follow himto.^/i(r^/Mw,and there 
 
 ;F give attendance. Alfo it they were defirous to make a publick and open complaint of Scyo, na- 
 mely, That the fafts committed at Locri moll impionlly and wickedly, againft both God Sc mam 
 palled eitherunder his warrant, or wiih his leave and liking, then they fliould fend HmbalVadors 
 to .'i.fan.i, where he together with hi? Counsel and alFUtants would dve them audience ofal 
 matters and determine accordingly. TheLocrians ycelded great thanks to thePretors and to the 
 Delegats or Commiffioners : as alfo to the Senat and people of /?(?wf: and faid, "They would go 
 " to accufe /'/(?»;;«;«/. Asfor Sc/f/o, although he^fcc little to heart the injuries and wrongs 
 " done unto theirCity.yet he was a man whole fricndfliip they delired rather to embr3ce,than to 
 "entertain his enmity. And this they knew afl"uned;y,thatfo many lewd pranks, and l"o horrible 
 "parts there plaid, were neitherby thedireftionnoryet with the connivency and tolerationof 
 
 G *; jP.Sc;j)/V.but his only fault was that either he truHed Pleminiw overmuch, or credited them too 
 *' httle.And ;ome men (fiy they) be of this naturc,that they will have a careful regard for to pre- 
 '■ vent fin, and an earneli delire that no offence be committed, rather than courage and heart to 
 '■ ptanifVi ^^ndcorrcd faults when they are once done and paft. Hereupon both the Pretofsgc alfo 
 iheCcmmiffionerswithhIinthonaht themfelves well e^fed of no fmall burden and charge of ma* 
 kit-gtarther inquii'.tit n and fitting upon the caufe ot Sc/p/o.But PUmtaitu and twoand thirty per- 
 ,fons more with him, they condemned and lent bound in chains 10' Rome. They themfelves went 
 
 alfo
 
 |86 "I^he nine andwentietb Boo\pfT, Livius. 
 
 alfo in perloB to Sapic^to be eye-witnefles and to make report at Rome of their own knowledge} H 
 as toucbin'' the manner of 3pparel,the idle lite of the General, and the lool'e, diflolute, and cor- 
 tup: military dilcipline ot his ibuldiers ; fo rife and common in many mens mouths. Againli their 
 comiiio zo Syracf:fs.^ScipioVi 35 provided of deeds to approve hisinnocency, and nototvvords to 
 excufe his lolly, Hegaveordertor allhis forces there to meet, and for hisarmadotobein readi- 
 nefs, asifhewerethatday togivebattailboth by Land and Sea to the Carthaginians, The very 
 lame day that they arrived thither, they were friendly received and courteouily entertained by 
 Sf pio. The morrow after,he flie wed them all his forces, as well for Land as Sea fervice, not only 
 furnifhed,well appointed ^and inreadinesjbut the cnefortjnsmely the land fouldiers. running and 
 charging one another at turney Jand the Sea fervitors likewife within the havenreprefenting a na- 
 val combat with their fhips. Then he led the Pretor and the other commilTioncrs all about,to fee I 
 the arfenal andarmory, theltore-houfes.thegarners of corn, and all otherprovihon and furniture 
 for the war. At the view and fight whereof, they were (Iriken with fuch exceeding admiration, 
 both of every thing in partiailar, and of all in general, that they were fully perfwadedjthat either 
 by thecondufl of that Captain and valour of that army, the Carthaginians might be overcome 
 and conquered, or by none other in the world: yea, and they willed him in the name of God, 
 without more ado to pafs over into Ajfrick^-, and with all Ipeed poflible to make the people of 
 Rotneio enjoy the effefl ot that hope which they conceived that very day.on which all the Cen- 
 turies nominated and declared him with one voice the former Confnl of the twain : apd with fo 
 joyous hearts they took their leave and departed t'rom thence, as if they were to bring tidings to 
 Rome of a glorious victory; and not to make relation and report of a magnifical and ftately prepa- ^ 
 ration for war, Pleminiui and all they that were likewife attaint and guilty, after they came to 
 Rome^ were immediately dapc up and laid faR in prifon. At the firft time when they were broughc 
 out before the peop'e by the Tribuns, they could find no grace, no favour nor mercy amongft 
 them, their minds were fo forif ailed and pofleffed aforehand, with the confideration of the wofnl 
 miferiesand calamities of the poor Locrians. But aftervvards,being produced oftner unto them;as 
 the hatred conceived againfl: him, began to wear and decay, fo m^ns anger grew to affwage and 
 foften : befides the pitious plight and deformed hew of Pleminiusi'attt prel'ent,and the remem- 
 brance withal, of S«/)((7nowabfen:,gathimfomefavourwith the people. Yet he died in prifon, 
 before his caufe was judicially tried, and definitivefentenceof him paffed, Cloditts Lici»iusKfor- 
 teth in this third book ofthe Roman ftories, that this Pl:minius\nit\z time of the games which ^ 
 ^ffncaKMsiecond time Conful. exhibited it Rome, according to a vowby him made, went about 
 ("by the help of fome whom he had corrupted and waged for money) tofet the City on fire in di- 
 vers placesvthereby to have opportunity to break prifon and make anefcape: but when his wicked 
 purpofewas once difclofed and brought to light, he was condemned and awarded by an a(ft of 
 Senat to the dungeon 7>;///4w/?7. But as for Scipio, there were no words made of him, neither 
 come he in queftion any where elfe but in the Senat : where all with one accord,both commiffi- 
 cners and Tribuns by extolling and magnifying with glorious words, thenavy, the army and the 
 Captain, brought it fo about, that the Senat thought good and were agreed, that with all conve- 
 nient fpeedSop.ofliouId over into Affrich^-. and haveliberty granted out of thofe armies which 
 were in S/r/7c, to make choice of thofe whom he would himfelf tranfportover with him into w 
 u4frtck^ , and whom he would leave behind for the guard and defence ofthe Province. 
 
 Whiles thefe things pjfTed thus amongd the Romans ; the Carthaginians alfo having fpent all 
 the wintertime in much lufpition and continual fear, hearkningto all news, and enquiring fear- 
 fully of every mefl'cnger, and keeping watch upon ail their promontories and high hills by the Sea 
 fide,befTirred themfelves likewife, and procured the fociety and alliance o{K.Syphax.,z matter of 
 no fmall importance for the fafeguard and detence of Africkj, in hope and confidence of whole ai- 
 ihity and friendfliip efpecially, they were peri'waded, that Sc'ipio intended to fail over into Jfrich^ 
 Now there had been already between yjfdr»l>althe fonof (j-;/^»afid the King, n6t only familiar 
 acquaintanceby way ofkind welcoming and reciprocal hofpicality, {ince the time (as hath been 
 faid before) zhiiScipioind Jfdr»bal fortuned to meet at one time together in the Kings houfe, N 
 when they came out o{Sp.ii»; but alfo fome treaty was already begun of alliance and affinity, and 
 a motion made, that the King fhould efpoufe and wed the daughter of Afdmbal. For theaffu- 
 rance of this matter,and the appointment of a certain day for the folemnihng ofthe marriage (for 
 now the Damofel was ready for an busband,and mariageable) Afdrubdiook a jourrtey, and fee- 
 ing the King burning inlove (as thefe Numidians of all other barbarous nations are'moft given 
 that way,and exceeding amorous) he fentforthe maiden from C,j?-f^^(rf, and haflened the wed- 
 ding. And among other congratulations that p.iffed between to the end, that befides the private 
 affirnity there fhould be alfo a pubiick league, there was "an alliance concluded betweenthe peo- 
 ple c^Cnrth !^f and the King,by giving and takingtheir faithful promife interchangeably and op- . ■ 
 iiging themfelves by a folemn oath one to the other to obferve it as well offetriive as defenfive, q 
 and to have the fame enemies, and the fame friends for ever. Bur ^/t/n<Wrememhring both the 
 friendfhip begun between Sf//)/o and the King,ahd alfo how fickleand variable the natures ofthe 
 Barbarians 3re;and fearing liScipio fhould pafs over into Africl^ihiLt this bond of wrdiock vvould 
 not be ftrong enough to hold theKingin ; took the time whiles this Numidian Prince was en- 
 ■fiamed with hisfrefh love, induced'him what withrealbns, and what with the fair words and al- 
 iurements of his young ipoufe, to fend Embaffadors into S><r//y i&Scipio, fortoadvifehimnot to 
 
 pafs
 
 The nine andtmmieth Boo^ ofT.Lmus.^ 
 
 A pafsoverimo y/fnir^, nor to relic upon any confidence of him, nor yet to build upon bis former 
 promiles. For bimlcU was not only linked in matrimony with a Citizen of Carthage, the daughcr 
 " ot that Afdrubttl whom be law entertained as a guell in his contt, but alfo joyned in a public!: 
 "league with the people of C<irt^-ig(f. AndfirlHie exborted him thu the Romans would war 
 "with the Carthaginians far from Afnck, as bitbcrto thev bad done ; for fear left he (hould of 
 " necelTuy be forced to have an hind, an i intermeddle in their qmrels ; and fo while ^e dcfired 
 to avoid the danger and hollility of one part or other,be driven at length'to fide all one way .• giv- 
 " ing him more plainly to underlf and, that it Scipio would not forbear Jfric^.hat needs come with 
 " an army »2,i\n[\Carthage,t'aen muft be neccl'sarily fight in defence o^ the land of.^/nf/,-, where in 
 himlclf was born, and for the native country, for tbetather and huuieofhiSown wife. Withthis 
 g commiffion and direftion were certain Orators lent unto Scibsj who met with him at Sp.ictil'e 
 and there delivered tbeirmclsage. SV//)/», albeit he was dilappointed greatly of bis"round-work 
 that be had laid for his wars in /ifricl^, and put belides his good hopes : gave the Hmbalsadoars 
 letters into Afrtc^ unto the King,and lent them back aqain in all halt, before the thing were pub- 
 liihed and come abroad. In wnich letters he requeued him earncdly tobeadvifed and b'ethink him- 
 lelfthat he brake not the lights eitherof friendUiipSc hoipitality begun with him,orolthe league 
 and focicty entred with the people of ^owff .• nor violated jullice and f ithfuil promifemade b/ 
 giving right hands.-nor y et begmle and abufe the god„st he vv itnelscs and jaiges of all covenants and 
 agreements made. Butforalmuchas the coming ot thole Numidians could not be concealed (for 
 they went all about the City, and were daily converlantin the Generillhislod;;ing •• and if it 
 Q flioold have been kept fecret wberabout they came, it was to be doubted lell the^ruththc more 
 it was im^thered anddiflembled, the more it would ore ike forth and come to lii^ht : and lb the ar- 
 mywas toftandinfeu, that they wereto war at once both with thriving and Cirth'gini5n«r.Sc-/r/7 
 therefore buzzed aforehand into mens heads, falle deviled matters, and lo withdrew their; from 
 the ondertbnding ofthc truth indeed. Heafl"embledallhis(ouidierstogethcr,and laid unco then t 
 ••' that now it was no longer Itaymg and trilling out the time; bearing them in band, thaithL- 
 •' KingSjhis allies and conterats,importuned him to fct over into y^frh'-^with all convenient foctd- 
 "that Mafuntffd bcforetime bimielf in perlon came to LxlitUy grieving and complaining that the 
 '* time tan thus on in delaics and doing nothing: & Sjphax now lent his EmbalTsdor3,mu(ina much 
 *•' and wondring what ths caulc fbould be of lo long temponling : and requiring thst cither tb: ar- 
 rj " my without more ado.lhould be lent over at once.- or elle if their minds and purpoJes wtre chan- 
 j"ged, to certifie him (o much, that he likewile might provide for himl'elf andhiskingdcme. And 
 '*' therefore be did them to wit and underftand, that he intcndcdi'no vv that be was futficiently pro- 
 *' vided and furniflicd of all things; and confidering that th-; imprele might abide no fartber tlay J 
 " to conduft his armado to Lilybitnm, to wait the hrll good day of wind and weather, to take the 
 "leasforabcn-voiage, and with Gods grace and favour to fet fail for ^/r/ck. His letters bedi(- 
 pttcbcd to MAreut PomponiHs to this effeft, that if he thought lb good, he fliould repair to Li/y- 
 bdttm, to the end they might commune and conlult together, what legions efpecial'.y, and whjc 
 number of (ouldiers be (hould tranlport over with biro into ^frtcl^. In like manner, he fent a 1 a- 
 bouttbe maritime and leacoafts, toUay allthe carricksand l"hipsofburden,andtobri^gtbci-.a- 
 E way at once to Lilybaum, Now when all the fbips and ferviceable men in Sicdj were alfembled 
 to Liljh^um, fo as neither the City was able to ceceive the multitude otfouldiers, northe haven 
 contein the number of the vellelsjlo earneftly minded they were all jsnd fo hotly let upon tfaeii voi- 
 age into /^/r/ck, that t bey feemed asifthey were coiaduded notto fighta war.but to enjoy the 
 . affurcd rewards of a viftoty.But efpecially above ail others,the (ouldiers remaining of the Cannian 
 army, were verily perfwaded,that under this captain,or elie none, by valiantly quitting themlelvcs 
 intbefetvice of the Common-weal, they Ihould be able to end and finifh their ignominousand 
 (hamefulUouldiery. And Sofio himfelf made no bafe account of thole kind ot Ibuldiers, as 
 knowJDgfuU wcllihat the defeat received at ^annx, was not occafioncd by their cowardife.- 
 neither were there throughout the Roman army any fouldicrs lb ancient and of lo longcon- 
 p linuance.or fo well experienced not only in many and fundry foughten fieldSjbut alio in the allaul- 
 ting of towns and Cities. And thcfe Legions of Cannae were the hft andfixt in ordcr.Now when 
 he bad once relolved and given out,that he would ttanfport them over with him into j^fncVythen 
 he took a particular view of them, mar; by man. And having called out thofe, and left them be- 
 hind, whom he fuppolcd unmeet and unfufhcient, he fubilituted in their place tbofc whom he 
 had brought witbbim oat oilcalj: andlo fully be iuppli«:d and made up his number cfchoic 
 Legions, that either of them bad hxthouCand and two hundred foot, andtbree hundred men of 
 armes. He cbol'e alto out of the lame army oiCanix, both hotfemen and footmen, of the allies 
 and confederals of the Latinc nation. What power of ibuldiers in the whole were let over 
 into jifricV.-, writers differ not a little in the number. In (ome autbours 1 find, that they 
 G were ten thoufand foot, and two thoufand and two hundred horle .■ inothers, fifteen thouland 
 footmen, and fifteen hundred boricmen. In fome records again, they Were more by one ha'.fe 
 and better, namely, that of horfe and foot there were embarked five and thirty thoufand. And 
 ethers there be that bav« let down no number at all, amonglt whom, as in a matter lodoubtfull 
 and uncertain, I would my ieU be counted for one. But Ca?/»« for his part, asheforbeareth to 
 put down any number at all,ib be feemed tor to imply an infinite multitude of thcm^in that be faith 
 that with a cry and ihout that the Ibuldiers fet up, the very fouls of the air fell down to the ground:
 
 The nine and twentieth Boo\ o/T.Livius. 
 
 »ndhe th«th»d feen the multitude of them when they went a (hipboard, would have faid there f| 
 bad not been a man left behindeitber in Italy or in Sicily. Well how many or bow few Ibever they 
 were, Scipio himl'elt took the charge to tee the (ouldiers embarked in good order, and without a- 
 ny tumult. As for the laikts and mariners.who were forced before to (h\phoovd.,C.LaiiM the Ai- 
 ciirall of the navy, kept them ftiliand quiet within their Qa\ps.M. PompoKtw the Prefer had com- 
 miflionfor to furnifhthe armado with corn and vidluals; who made provilionof food and fiifte- 
 cance for 45 daies s of which there wasof baked meats and other viands already drclTed,as much 
 as would furfice for 1 5 daies. Now when they were all embarked, be fent about to all the (hips, 
 certain pinnaces or cock-boats,and commsnded all the pilots and mafters of every fhip, with two 
 fouidiets apeece, to come into market place, there to receive their charge. When thi y Wiire all 
 met arid affembled together, firft he enquired of them whether they had provided and taken into I 
 their veflclsfrefh water lufficient both for manandbcatt, to hold out lo many dafes as their corn 
 •would ferve ? and when anfwer was made that they had water in their Qiips to laft five and forty 
 daies : then he charged and commanded the (ouldiers to keep (ilcnce . nd be quiet during their 
 navigation, and without any ftrife and contention to be obedient unto the mariners, and wil- 
 ing to help in any miniftery and fervice whatfover, laying, that himfelf and L. Scipio would keep 
 on the right wing with twenty ftrong fliips with bralen beak heads, andC. L<cA/«the Admirall 
 with M. PorciM the Treafurer on the left, with as many of the fame fort, to waft over and guard 
 the hulks and fhips of burden j willing and requiring that there (hould be light in all their veffels, 
 namely, that every braien headed fhip fliould have one ; each Cartick twain j and the Admirall 
 fhip, wherein the Generall was, three lights, tor afpeciall mark, to be difcerned from the reft in K 
 the night. Andfo he comma[7ded the Pilots to fteer and direft their courfe for Emporia. [^Thc 
 territory hereabout is molt fertile and frnittull. wbersby the whole country aboundeth in plenty 
 cfall things.- the barbarous peafants (as commonly it fallcib outiii battell and plentifulllands^ 
 arecowatds^ and unapt for war, and if was thonght they might be furpriled and (ubdued before 
 anyfnccour could come from Canha^e.'^ When ihele bircttions were given, they were com- 
 manded to retire to their fliips, and the next morrow St the fignall, v;ith the help ofthe gods to 
 weigh anchor, hoife up (ails andaway. Many Roman Armadoes had aforetime fet out oiStctlj^ 
 and the very lame port .-but never any voiage all the time of that war, no, cot during the former, 
 made lo goodly a ftiew, and was lo much looked on. And no marvcll,for mcft of their other fleets 
 were fent oat only to rob and to fetch in booties and prizes. And yet if a man would edeem na- L 
 vies by the number and grcatnefle ot ihips, there had been aforetime two Confuls together, who 
 went over with a power ot two complete armies:& in every ot thofe fleets ihercwcte wclnee t 
 as many war Chips with bcafen beak heads,as bulks &carricks in tbote liaiScipio tranfpotted over. 
 For belidcs fifty long (hips of war, he had not a 11 out four hundred (hips of burden and paflage to 
 iranfport over his army with. But if wt wouid compare both wars together, the lecond teemed 
 unto the Romans more fharp and cruel then i he tormerjboth becaufe it was fought within /f«/f, 
 and alfo by rcafon of fo great overtorowsot lo many armies, together with the lofle and death of 
 their Generall captains. Moreover great expedition there was of S cipto the Commander and Ge- 
 nerall ot this voiage, a man much renowned and talked of, both in regard of his own nbble ads 
 ofcavalry, andalioof a fpeciailand fingular fortune that followed him in all bis exploits ; where.- M 
 by he grew every day more glorious then other: which cjuled all mens hearts to be fet upon him; 
 befide his very reiolution and mind that he carried, to pafs in uifncV.^ which alt the while of that 
 warcnttednot into theheadot any Captainc before him.- in that be gave it out abroad, That 
 be meant to go over, with intent to draw and fetch Anntbal out of It^), andtodivettand tran- 
 riatc the war into ^//-/ck, andihere tofinilhandmakeancndof it. There came running unto 
 the haven to fee theiettingoutof his Armado, the whole multitude, not only ot the inha- 
 bhants of Lilj(>AHm, but alfo the train ot all ibe Embaflagcs out of Sicily, which were come 
 together for to accompany Scipity and to do him honour, and alfo attended upon the Pre- 
 torof the provii ce M, Ftmponim. Over and befidcs , thofe legions alfo which were left 
 behind in Sicil)^ went forward to bear their fellow fouldiers company. So that not only the navy N 
 WjS a goodly profpedunto the beholders upon the land, but alfo the ftrand looverfpread all about 
 with numbers of people, made a brave and pkaiant fliew unto thefe pafsengers, that were in 
 the fhips. When day light once appearedjSr/f/o from out ot the Admirall^after (ilencc comman- 
 The pra'icr ded by voice of the crier^ praied in this wiic"0 ye gods and goJdelses all,that haunt and inhabit 
 oistifio "feas and lands both,] bcfcechandpray youto vouchfafCiCh-it all that ever hath been donealrea- 
 *'dy, is now intended, or fhall hereafter be enterprifed, during my condud and government, 
 '.' may fpeed well, and turn to the good ot my felt, the people and commonalty ot^»wr, out 
 ^' allies, ar>d efpccially. thofe of the Laiine nation ; who by land, by tea, by riverS) follow the di« 
 ,nedion, command, government, and fortune of my felt, and of the people of ^ewff, and that 
 s-inallour adionsye would be good, gracious, favourable, andbclpfuilunto us, andadvanccQ 
 " all our proceedings.- that ye would grant usthevidory over cur enemies .- and.afttr webave 
 »• lubdued the;u,to continue fate and found ; and adorned with their goodly fpoils,laden with their 
 " rich pillage,to return home all together with glorious triu nph : & give iss the band and opoor- 
 " tunity to be revenged ot our toes and mortall enemies ; and deign tpe and tbepeopie of Rame 
 " that power and Urength, to execute upon the City of the Caitbaginians tbolc tearfnll cxam- 
 " pies ot cruelty, which tbepeopie olCArthage intended to prtttuc and, bring upon our City 
 
 and
 
 The nine and m^entieth Bool^ofT, Livius. cSp 
 
 A "and (late. After thefe prayers thus pronounccd,hetook the raw inwards and partenance of the 
 bead killedVor lacrifice (astbemaoer is) and flung them into the lea .- and with that by (oundof 
 trumpet, give the fignall of departure. 
 
 Now were they under fail .• having a good great gale of a forcwind, they foon loft the fight of 
 land. In the afternoon, there began to fall a thick mitt ; by realon whereof the fhipx could hatd- 
 ly avoid running one upon another. But when they were once in the main and deep fca, the 
 wind became more mild .• and all the night following, the lame dark mill continued ftill. After 
 theCun was once upit brakeanddilptri^rd, andthenthe wind again grew big and high, by which 
 lime they might du'cover land. And not long after, the pilot faid unto Scipio^ that they were not 
 full too le3S!u<-'S from ^Ifrick^; and that he (aw well and dikemed the cape or point of Merenritu: 
 B and if his wl.la^d piea'ure werethiihercodircft their courfe,prefcnily the whole armado fhould 
 bsi7?tuerode,5f»ffoioloonashe was within view of land.after he had made his prayers unto the 
 gods, loblede thislirftdifcovery of /^/ricktohisowngood and the benefit of the common-wcalj 
 gave commandment to (ail lUll, and toput with thefl-.ore andrideat anchor in fomc bay be- 
 neath. So they made way with the fame wind. But about that veiy time as the day before, they 
 were milfed again, and loll the fight of Itrtd. And as the frg increalcd, the wind fell ; the nignt alfo 
 that camf upon them befides-mi .ic all things more doubtfull. Whereupon they caft anchor.tor fear 
 that the fhipsfhould hit one againft another, or run agronnd. When day light arofe,thc fame wind 
 was up again, but ihe foggy mifticattred ; andthenihey might (ce plainly all the coaft of Afrctl^. 
 Sctpio then demanded what promontory it was that he law next; and hearing that the name of it 
 
 C was The head -Ttilchriint, [_ or The fair C<ipel^ the name ^quoth he) plcafeth me, and the prefage 
 thercijt I iiKe fall well ; even thither put the itiips aland, and fo the armado cntred the bay^ and 
 all the holi- was let afhore. Thus have I reported that they had a profperons voyage without any 
 f earfull danger, or much irruble ; giving credit herein to very manny writers, as well Greeks as 
 I.atinei. On!yC«///« (fetting afide that the fliips were not caft away and drowned amid the fur- 
 ging waves^writeth how other dingers both ot water and weather encoUntred them;in fo much 
 as at tbelalt the Armado was driven by temped from thecoafts oi Africk^y and fell upon the Ilatid , 
 * i^gimurm, from whence they had much ado to recover their diretflcourfesgain; and finilly 
 when the (>iips were at hand to fink under the Water, then the (ouldiers fai-ing like men at point 
 10 luffer fhip wrack, without liencc and commandment of their Generall and Without their armor^' 
 
 ^ in great feat made fhift with boats to recover the fhore. 
 
 The Romans thus being landed, pirched their tents among the hils next adjbyning. By which 
 time the terror and fearfuU fright of this their arrivall was not entred only intotheMaritime coafts 
 and territories bounding upon the Tea, firft upon the difcovery ot the fleet, and afterwards by ret- 
 (on of the rumor and tumult of t&e army, as it came afhore ; but alfo fpred forward as far as to the 
 good towns and very Cities. For not only the higb waies were all filled and overfpred with mul- 
 titudes of men, women md children, who went by heapstogetherone with another ; but alfo the 
 country peafants drave before them whole herds of cattel:as a man would have faid that had feen 
 it) how all ^fricl^wK like to be abandoned at once on a fuddain : in fuch fort, as they put the Ci- 
 ties indeed in greater fear & perplexity then they were thcm;elveS;and efpecially Carthage above 
 
 gallothers : where there was no lelTe trouble and hurliburly, thtn if it had been farprifedand 
 forced by the cnemie. Forfince that time that Af. ^ttdttu Regtilas, and L. Munlim were ColT. 
 for the fpace almolf of fifty y eers, they had not once fo much as fcen an army of Romans, but on- 
 ly certain fleets of rovers and men of war , ;who had landed at times, and made fome rodes into the 
 lands lying uponthe lea fide : and wheuthey had harried (ome prizes,fuch as came next handjthey 
 ever were retired again to the ilrps, before the alarme could be given to rail'e the country. The 
 greater therefore now was both the flight and fright within the City. And to fpeak a truth, good 
 canfe they had ; by reafon that there was neither at home in readinefis an army of puiffance to en- 
 counter the enemy, nor a captain of valour to conduft and lead an nrmy. Afirubd was the fon 
 of (j'fgo, for nobility and high parentage, for honour and renown, for wealth and riches, and be- 
 
 F fides for the new affinity then contrafted with King, was of all others the petfonage by many de- 
 grees, yea, and the only man of the whole State. And him they remcmbrcd very well to have 
 been foiled, difcomfited and beaten out of the field in 5/).i>», by the (elf-fame Scipio in divers and 
 fundry battels. Alio they made accompt, they were no more able to match the Captains man foe 
 man, than to compare and fct their tumultuary power railed in baft, with theftaid and experien- 
 ced army of the Romans. Therefoie they gave the alarm prefently, as if Scipis were ready t® 
 aflault C<Jrr/'<j^f out of hand : the gates with all fpeed were fhut and made (urc ; the wals man- 
 ned with fouldicrs ; the ro)';>; i^'^adr^ (et •• watch and ward kept : and all the night folio wing the 
 Sentinels duly relieved and mjimeined. The next day, 500 light horfe were lent out asefpials 
 and vancurriers to difcovcr and (ccur the quarters to the fea fide ; and withall to impeach them 
 
 Q that were a difbarking and coming land : who chanced co lighc on the Romans corps de gujrd* 
 For Scipio had fent away the fleet already to f^tioa, and before he was gone up into the land far 
 from the fca, had encamped upon the next hils thereby, placed guards of horfemen in convenient 
 places, andputour certainforigers intothefieldsand villagesfor to raife booties. Thefchaving 
 entred skirmifli with the Carthaginian cornet and horfemen, flew a few of them in the Tcry con- 
 flift, but moll of them as ihey fied and were followed in chafe , amongll whom was Hafino alfo 
 the pro voft marfliall, a noble young gentleman, sapio not ouly walled the country all about, but 
 
 . E c e a alfo 
 
 Guietu
 
 <oo Tl^^ »^»^ ^^^ wentieth Boo{of T.LWms. 
 
 aKowana City of the Affric«ns that flood necrcfi-, and was of fufficient wealth: where befideSH 
 other pillage which was pielently imbarked in the (hips of burden andfent into .S/c///, there were 
 taken prifoners eight thoufaod poUesof free and bond one with another. But the greateft 
 joy and contentment that the Romans took in this new entrance and beginning of their warlike 
 affBirsjWas for the coming of Mafanijfa ; whom fome report to have prelented himl'elf with aoo 
 faof re.apd no more .• but the moft do write that he came with 2000. But for as much as this Jl^a- 
 fattifa was of all other Kiogx for his time the greateft Prince and moft puiffant, and withall he 
 that flood the Romans in belt (lead and helped theirftate.none like unto him: me thinks it were 
 worth their labor, and would quit for all thepaines, to digreflfe a Utile out of the way, for to (hew 
 and declare in what variety of altcrnatiTC fortune he wastoffed,bothin the lofleand allointhe 
 recovery of the inheritance of his fathers kingdome. j 
 
 This A/d^w'/^jWhilcs he was employed during the wars of6'/)^/«j inthe defence and quat- 
 rell of the Carthaginians ; his father, whofe name was Ga/a, hapned to die .• and then the king- 
 dome fell by defcent, according to the cutlome and manner of the Numidiins unto Defdtccs the 
 late Kings brother, a man of great years and very aged. And not long af ttr, when Defalcts alio 
 v/as departed his life, Cd/)»> the elder of histwofons, (for the other was a very child) (ucceedcd 
 in his fathers Kingdome, But for as much as he theforefaid Capufa maintained hisroyall (laic 
 and throne, more by reafon of the authority and reputation that he carried among bis friends and 
 favoriis, than by power and (Irength; there arofe up in arms one named /f/f «-«»/«* (who alio 
 was delcended of royall bloud, but of an houfe that was ever of the adverle and contraric fide^ ^ 
 and contended in much variety of fortune about the crown, with thofe who then (wayed the 
 fcepter. This Mez^etnltu having gathered a power of his tenants, followers, and peafants of the 
 country ( with whom he carried a great ftrokc and was highly cfteemed, by reafon of the hatred 
 that they bare unto the Kings race)encamped openly and fhswed hitufelf in aftion, yea, and for- 
 ced the King to come into the field, and to trie the title of the crown ins fetbattell by dint of 
 fword. In which confliiS, C^P"/"} together with many of his peers and nobles were (lain, and 
 the whole nation and feignory of theMafhlians, was reduced under the rule and obedience of 
 Mez,etultsi.lio}Nbe\t he forbare to be called King ; and contenting himlelf with the mean name of 
 Tutor or Ptoteftor, gave the Kings (liletothe child Lacumax, who only remained alive of the 
 Kings iffue and line. He took to wife a noble dame and lady of ^arthage, Amib,%l his neece by 
 bisfifter who had been lately wedded unto King Df/^/«/ j hoping thereby to enter into league *^ 
 and alliance with the Carthaginians -• andbefidcs, for to renew the ancient familiarity and amity 
 with Syfhax, he lent Embafladors unto him of purpofe. Thus made he himfelf ftrong aforehand 
 againfl lAafanifa. 
 
 l,Ufaf>tJfa[ikew\iefox his part, being advertifed of bis uncles death, and bUo how bis coufin 
 german was deceafed, crofled the leas out of Spain over to CMauritaHia, at what time as Bee 
 char was King of the Moors. At whofe hands by humble fute and importunat praiers in moft lowly 
 manner, heobteined apowerof4oco Moores to accompany him in the journey, forotherwiCe 
 to employ them in war he might not. And after be baddiipatchcd a meffenger afore-hand to thofe 
 that were his fathers friends and wcl-willers to himfelf,by that time that he was come with them 
 to the confines of his realra,there met him almoft 500 Numidans. Having therefore (ent backagain ^ 
 the Moores from thence unto the King, accordmg to covenant, albeit there was affembled toge- 
 ther a (mailer number ofpeople then be hoped and looked for, and not lo fufficient that be dutft 
 adventure upon fo great an enterprile ; and (uppofing withall, that by entring into fomc aftion, 
 »nd bytravell and endeavour, he (hould gather firength ftill to perform fome great exploit, he 
 encountred at Thapfuj the yong king Lacumax,is he journied unto Sjphax, And when the Kings 
 comi^any in great fear fled into tha tovfn,MafttisiJfa both at the firft affatalt won the laid towvi,and 
 alio of the Kings train received fomc that yceldcd themfelves, and flew otbcrfome that made ce(i- 
 ftanccintheir own defence. But the greateft part withtbcchild himfelf the young Prince, got 
 away in that tumult and efcaped vimo Sjphax, unto whom at firft they intended their journey. 
 The fame of this fmall thingjfo happily atchieved in the firft beginning and entrance of his aflFaits, N 
 caufcd all the Numidians to revolt and fide with Adafanijf*. So as there flocked onto him from 
 all parts of the country, and out of the villages, the old fouldiers of King C7<</<«, and incited the yong 
 Prince and fet him on to recover bis fathers kingdome. Now in number of lonUiers,iWif *««/«* 
 wasagooddealfuperior-- for both himfelfand the fame army ftill entire, with which be had van- 
 qujflied Crtp«/"<i, befides had fome others that after the flaughter of the King, be bad received up- 
 on ihfeiryeelding.- and alfo young Ldc«w4A: the infant, had brought great aids itocn S;phtix : (o 
 thit'Aiez.etuiw was fifteen thoufand foot, and ten thouland horfc ftrong. With whom Mafanijfa, 
 afbeit he were nothing fopuiflant either in foot or horfe, fought abaf tell; yet atchieved he the 
 viflory through the approved valour of the old fouldierSj and his own politick wifedome, be- 
 ing a captain well experienced and exerci(ed both in the Roman and Punick wars. The young O 
 Prince together with his tutoar and proteflour, and fome fmall number of Maflilians, fledand 
 efcaped into the territories of the Carthaginians. TbasMafa»iJfa having recovered his fathers 
 Kingdome, and forefceing that there temained ftill behind a far greater bickerment and encounter 
 With SjphaxySc taking it to be the beft coutfe and policy forhim,to be reconciled and made frieiids 
 with his coufrn german .• addrcffed certain melTengers both unto the child, for to put him 
 ingood hope and affurance, that if be would lubmit and yeeld bimfelfe under the ptoteftioii 
 
 of
 
 The nine and Wentieth Boo\ofT. Livius. <^i 
 
 A of Mdftnifa, he {hould live in as honourable place and degree with him, as DeUUts fometimc 
 baJdone with his father G<«/(J.- and alio to ^**««/«/ to give their word and promifeuntoijim, 
 not only for impunity of all trefpafles, but alio tor faithful! rcltitution of all things that were his. 
 By which means hcperfwaded both ofthemto take part with him- who madechoiceof a mean 
 citate at home in tbcir own country, rather than to live in exile ; notwithllanding the Carthagi- 
 nians laboured all that ever they could to the contrary. 
 
 ty/i(dr*h»l hapncd at that time when thefc occurrences fell out, to make his abode with Sy- 
 p^'4A,-.- who finding theNumidian King Sj^h»x\tio\stA open tbis poirt, and fully pcr( waded. 
 That it mattered not, nor imported himlelf much, whether Lacum.ix or Maf^iHiJpi wcie King of 
 the Msflilians, replied unto him and (aid, that he wastouly deceived ifhe thought that Majantjfd 
 
 B would keep himielf within thole terms, that either his father galaov his uncle Defalces, held 
 them contented with: No, no, fquothhej there is much more towardnefieinhimand far greater 
 (igoes of bauty mind and torwari wit and fpirit apear in him,tben ever (hewed in any of hi% boufe 
 and line befoi e ^\m Full often hath he in Spain made good proof of rare valour and lingular prow* 
 tflc, as well unto his triends as his eftemies. And let both Syphax and thcCharthaginisos 
 \ovV as well about them as they can, for unleffe they put out this fparkle of [fire betimes, and c^c" 
 at the firlt beainmng, it will be rbeir chance to be caught therewith, when it fhall burn forth i and 
 able they fhall not be to help the matter and quench ti',e rage thereof, Mary, as yet his (trengthis 
 fmall and flcnder, his forces frail, tender, and feeble, and not well united together to niain- 
 tain his (late, unielted as he is in hisKingdome. Thus he importuned him ftill by realbns and per- 
 
 C fwalions, untillat length he reduced him tolcadforthan army intotheconfinesof the MalTiliacis 
 and there in thattcdtory, about the title whereof he had oftentimes not only contended by plea 
 and words with Gtla^ but alio by arms and dint of Iword, to encamp himleU" as in hisrightfull 
 
 " ' anJ undoubted inheritance : with this dircftion,that if any came againlt him to warn himofFtha 
 ground, then to trie his interelt by fword ; which was the only way to be taken and moft for the 
 purpofe .• but in cafe for fear of him they quit the poflelTion quietly, then to advance forward into 
 the heart of the kingdotne i lor cither the MalTilians would without battell render fbcmfelves un- 
 der lubjcdionj or cKc in a pitched field not be able to lUnd out againlt him. Upon thele fugge- 
 flions 'Sjfhax was incited and pricked on ; inlomuch as he made war upon Mafan jfa,in^\n 
 tbcfirll battell dilcomfited and pat to flight the Maffilians. And //^y^w/^^ with fome few horfmen 
 
 ^ fled out the ncld and clcaped unto a mountain which the inhibitants calli5<»/^«/. Certain whole fa- 
 milies and houfholds with their (beds and tents, together with their cattell (which is all theic 
 richesjwent after and followed the King. But all the multitude of the Maffilians befidcs, did ho- 
 mage unto Sjphax and came under his obedicncc.This mountain aforcfaid,which thefc exiles that 
 fled their country were poffeffed of; Wttplcntifull of grafle well watered ; and being fo good for 
 pafture to feed thtir cattell, it yeeldedTufficient maintenance and food abundant, for the people 
 that aled to live upon flelh and milk. From hence they began at firft to Real out by night and make 
 rodcs; but afterwards irjopei? day light to rob and Ipoil all the country about.- but above all others 
 to fire and burn the tetitory of the Carthaginians ; both becaufe there were more prizes to be had 
 trbm thence, than from the Numidians^ & alfo for that it was more fafe robbing and harryin" there 
 
 E without danger. This they pridifed lo long,fo licentiouny,and in luch fcornfull manner,that now 
 they would carrie their booties to the fealide,and make markets &faletherof to the merchants.- 
 and for this purpole divers fhips arrived thither fo trafiick .- ye8,and other whiles there Wirs many 
 of the Carthaginians cut off and came fhort home, and more of them were either flain or taken 
 priionets then oftentimes in open war and let battels. The Carthaginians bewailed and cocffplained 
 of tbclc matters unto Sj/^fwAT, and fpurred him forward ^difpofed well enough as he waj of him- 
 Iglf to revenge) tor topurl'ue thereliqucs of the war, in bis own perfon. Bat forafmuch as 
 it was not thought to (land with the royall M»jetlie of a King, to chafe and hunt a rabble of vac- 
 rant tfaeevcs about the mountains ; therefore £ocf^or one of the Kings Captains, arighthatdy 
 and valorous man, waschofen todotbcfeat, and to perform that fcrvice. Whohad th^con- 
 F dudoftoucthouland foot, andtwo thouland horfe •• and was promifed bcfides, great gifts and 
 mighty rewards, in cale hebrought away the head oXAUfaniJfa : but if he could take him prifo- 
 ner alivctbat were alone indeed, ind apecrlelTe peeceot work,of ineftiroable joy beyond ailmea- 
 fore. Hi! waiting his time when the enemies were ft ragling retciilertely abroad came upon them 
 at ar,a wares and chargcotbem, and having lin^led froii theguardof the .irmed fouldiers, ahuge 
 number both of people and cattel,he forced MaJMiijfa himfelf with lomc few horfmen to take 
 the top of the mountain, i rom whence after he had lentawiy unto the King(as if the war had 
 now been at point ofanend^ not only a great booty of people and cattell, ihe which he had 
 taken, but alio part of his forres, tis being much greater in proportion, then for to difpatch 
 the remnants of a war, accompanyed wito no more then five hundred foot, and two hundred 
 
 G hotfe, hepurlucd Mafamjfabcin^ come down from the hilltops, and there having befetand 
 f\oppedthepa(Tagcs at Dothends,cnclolcd him within the (freight and narrow vally. Where there 
 wascomii irted a greatcxceutionandflaugbteroftbeMidilians, but Mafittijft with fifty horic- 
 men and not above,got away through the unknown and hi Jden cranks ot the mountain,and efca- 
 pcd the hands of the purluers. Howbeit, £ocrW traced him ffill, and followed him at heels fo 
 narrowly, that neer to the City C/w/jf-t he overtook him in the plains, where he fo (Ireight- 
 ly cavironed him about, that bekiikd all his company every one, laveonely four horfemeo. 
 
 Eec 3 WUb
 
 s ^ 2 The nine and tiPentiethBoo{of T.LWms. 
 
 With whom in that tumult he let flip as it were out of his hands MAfauifa alfo himfelf fore H 
 wounded and loll him clean. As he fled, he had ftiU in his eie certain cornets of horfmen difpcrled 
 all orertbe plain, andioineof thcmcrolTingthe waiesoverthvvart to meet the enemy at every 
 turn, and to intercept him. But heandthcfouthorlmen with him fled forwards (}ili,and took the 
 great tiverbtfore them : for their fear and tright was greater then to make any Itay at the bank 
 (idej but to put their horfes to it, and plunge in .• where they were carried with the current ohhe 
 (treatti and born to a fide: two oi them in the fight of the enemies were Iwallowed up of the deep 
 hurlpits ; himlell'allo was luppofed to have periihed with them, but he and the other two horfmen 
 befides caught hold of certain twigs ofoifiers that grew under the banks on the farther hde.So 
 Bocchar made an end ot tsrther pmluit, as neither daring to take the river, nor beleeving thar ha 
 hadany enemy tor to chafe. And thus returned he to the King with talfe news, that Mafanijfa I 
 was drowned. And divers polls and curriers were fent out to Carti>*ge^x.o report thefe exceeding 
 joyfull tidiogs. This rumour and fame ot\(lifrt/<«»'jf<i his death being noiled all over ^/r/fj^» 
 wrought diverfly in the minds of men. "^niCMajAniJ^a keeping himfeltclofe in afecret cave, 
 whiles he cured his hurt with certain berbes, lived tor lome dates by the foraging and robbery of 
 the other t wo liorfmcn. So foon as the wound was once healed up and skinned over, and that he 
 thought himfelf able to abide the fitting and fliaking of his hotlc, with exceeding courage & bold- 
 neffe he let forward again to claim and recover bis kingdome. And havingin the way as he palled 
 gotten together unto him not above forty horfe, by that time he was come among the Maffjlians, 
 and gave out openly who he was, he prevailed fo much with thtm, that as well in regard of their 
 ancient hvour and love toward him, as alio for tbennexpeQcd joy that they iaw hiro alive and K 
 lound, whom they verily beleevedto have been dead; withm few daies there were gathered and 
 afscmbied unto him dooo foot, and 4000 horie. So as not only he was reftored again, and put in 
 iull polscllion ofhis fathers Kingdome, but aUo wafted and (polled the confcderat nations of the 
 Carthaginijns,yea, and the frontiers and confines of" the Mafefyli, which faclongeth to the King- 
 dome and dominion oiSjiphax. Having thus provoked Sjfhax to war, be let him down and en- 
 camped between the Cities of OrtA<Jand fIippo,upon the ridge ofccrtainbiIs,placcsof advantage 
 and commodious in all relpeds. Then Sjfhax luppofing it a greater pccce ol work, and of more 
 importance then to be managed by his captains, lent part ofhis forces under theconduft ofhis 
 fon, the young Prince named Vermma, and gave order unto him to wheel about with bis power, 
 and whiles the enemy was amufed upon himfcU one way, to charge upon him behind another L 
 way. So Vermina let forth, and took his way by night, becaufc be was to give the chiige clofely, 
 and in iectet. But Sjfhax, who was to (hew himiclt with banner difplaied,and to bid the enemy 
 battell, matched openly by day light, and advanced forward. And when the time (ts he thought) 
 was come, wherein they that were (ent about to fetch a^ompafs, might reach to the place ap- 
 pointed, himiclt alio trailing as well in the multitude oi'ms men, as in the ambufh laid before at 
 the enemies back, let his battell in array ; diteftly upon the fide of the bill, which with gentle and 
 eifiealcent ariletb, and icadeth towards the enemy. .<'^«»/'»*«j7^ like wife arrangc<i his meo, pre- 
 fuming tr.oft of all in the plot of ground, whicblcrved much better for bis advantage to figbr. The 
 battel! wa> (barpandcrutll, and tor a long time doubtfull. Whiles the fite of the place, and 
 valour of the louldicrs much helped Mjfamjpti and the number again on the other fide, which M 
 exceeded beyond all mcalure, and made toogreat odds, availed 5;/)^^^?. This multitude divided 
 intotwobattaillons, whiles the one was oppofed affront the enemy, and the other compafseda- 
 bout their tail and back part, gave the vi.rory cIeerunto^*7;ifc4*.*iniomucb, as the enemy thus en- 
 dofed ti»)th oefoie and behind, had no way in the world to efcape. Whereupon all the footmen 
 and horlmen both were either killed ot taken piiloncrs. Only two bundtcd horfmen or very necr 
 lomany, which were gathered in a ring together about /I/4/iiw/j(74, he commanded to caftthem- 
 felves by ti opps and fquadrons into three icveral companieSjapd lb to pierce and break tbrough:bat 
 firft he appointed them a certain place before, where they (houldrally and meet together again 
 after theit Icattered flight. Himfelfin per(on,at one lide which he had propofcd to himfelf before, 
 'Golfodlcapu made means topafs through the very pikes and darts of the enemies, and cfcaped. Two of thofe N 
 ^'^''^n^iti"^^' *l"'<^fo"S tarried ftill behind, theonefcrfearyeeldedto thecncmy, the other (ticking to it, and 
 t'cater as^ilc ni»l^'"g oiote tefiftaRce, was overcharged with iliot of arrows and darts. But Mafamjfa winding 
 len"c,areinti.c in and out, to and fro, MadtA Fermina^ who prefsed hard upon him, and followed him laft at 
 Medittrsncjn becls ; atid after he had wearied bim out at length in tedious travailanddclperatepurfute, cauled 
 rhT\\^{ him peifotce to gave over the chalc. Whiles he bimlelt with feventy horle gat away as far as to 
 thdvcsand ''^'•' le(s*5;rrfj, wbcrehe let uphis reft, and quieted hisconfcienccjin that he had lo often right 
 b,rs; jndaic Valiantly fought to recover the inheritance of his fathers Kingdome : and led his life between the 
 railed Sccche * Ftimc^ limforia and the nation of the Garamants, untill the arrivall of the Roman navy, and C. 
 oiBxrfude Lttli/n into yjfrick,' 1 hcle prelumptions induce me to think and belceve, that Af^jantjfacime 
 » 'jhr"(ca afterwards allounto Sripio witha Imall power ofhorfmen, rather then wuhany great aid. For q 
 en (Isticcr 'hit multitude was behtiing theOateof a Prince, eitabUfhed in his Kingdoroe.but this (mall nuai» 
 the Syncs fo betbeleemcd the mean condition and fortune of a poor exile and bani'lied man. 
 calirtitortltir Nowto return again unto our (lory. TheGarthaginians having loft the cornet of horfmen a- 
 OmVftjh'th ^'5'^'^'«'J» together with their captain, and railed another power of horic, by taking new muiiers, 
 iiocdouiot miie HA»ao thsfouof^»w«7M commander over them. And (irljt by meflengcrs and letters 
 i'o/yb!nj, tnilTive
 
 The nine and iiventieth BooJ(ofT, Livius. cog 
 
 ^ miflive they lent tor jifiiruhl tni Sjphax pne tfter another, »nd at Lft alfo even by Embjfladors 
 and Orators. As for Afdrnbal, they required him to luccour his n tive country, be(etin manner 
 round about : Sjfb«x tbsy bclbught and requeued to provide for the lafety and fence oiCarthaie 
 and all ytfrick^ 
 
 At that time Scipio was encamped neer Ftica, within a mile of the City .■ for he was removed 
 from the fe >. fide, where Ibme few dues, be kept a (landing camp clofe to the fleet. Hunno having 
 received a power of Cav. Iry, nothing lurtrcient and ftrong enough to chiri^c upon the enemie,nor 
 io much as to guard ^nd defend the country Irom wafting and Ipoiling, fiilt hclore allcrher things 
 c It about and devifed, howhemi-sht zugment his number othorlemen by anewlevyard enrol- 
 ment. And Ibeit be rejed^ed none of other nations, yet he levied and w c;edtheNumidianse- 
 B fpfcially.thc bell horlemenfimply in all Jfncl^.Hosv had he gathered togeiher upon four thou- 
 i.nd hotle, whenhe lurprilcd a City n mcd 5^//r<i,almo(l biiecn miles tromihc Roman camp. 
 And when word was b: cnght to Scipto, that lo great a Cavalry took up their lummer (landing hat- 
 boor within a town ; Tufli (quoth hej I pallc not,if they were more then they are, (o long as they 
 h ve luchaoncto be their leader. Andihinking withhimleif thit ihemoreflowly the enemies 
 went to vvoi k,the leflc he was to fljck bis buiinclSjhe lent MafaniJJn before with the horiemen, 
 and give commandment to ride up and down before the gates^ to brave the enemy, and to traia 
 bini forth to fight .• with this direction, tbit when their whole multitudi; w s iflued forth, and the 
 skii mifh grown (o hot, that he might not well etidurc the charge, be (liouid give ground and re- 
 treat bylittle and httlc, for he wouIj himfclf come in duetimeto thebjtiell. Anddsyingno 
 
 C longer behind, tb n whiles he thought AIafHni[f<t who was gone before, had time enough totrain 
 the enemies forth he followed alter io pcrlon with the Rom n horlmenj&m rched clolely under 
 tbehilsfwhicdltood fitly for the purpole,oppofit between him and theenemy^about every turn- 
 ingot the way. Ma/anifa fov thepurpofe according to the dircftion given him, one while rrgbt 
 cour.:giouflygalloppcd before the gates, as one th t would brave and terrific the enemy', ..nothec 
 while c sit be bad been aflFr id himlelf.gavcb ck ; and by this counterfeit fnew of fearfulfi^fTe, he 
 made the enemies n^ore bold and vcmuvous, and drew them on to purfuehim rsfhi)'. But as 
 yetibcy were not allgone forth, >rid their cptjio was djveifly troubled,and had much ado with 
 tbcm. while he was f. in to force and compclllome that had td ken their load of wine, and were * 
 heavy-headed and llecpy witball, to arhi thcmfelvcs and to bridle their horles, and to ftay others 
 
 D f torn running out of the gates at once conturcdly,without order or 4rray,and without their colours, 
 ^/rfydw//"^ caught up thole, and cut them fliort, that a part from their company atthefitft fettiog 
 out, rode venturoufly forward, and took nohecdtothfmfelves.- but anon when mere of them 
 ruihed torth «t once cut of the g.te,theikirmifh was maintained with cquall valour en both fides 
 and at lad, when the borlroen were abrofad ^^d joyned in battcll, Maftmfa was not poflibly abla 
 to hold out any longer. Ho wbeit he fled not outright, but as be gave b-ck leifurdy, he received 
 them as they violently charged upon him : fo long, ' untill he had trained them to thofc hils,undec 
 whichtbe RomanCavalry lay hidden. Then role the borfemen from out of their a mbufb^them- 
 lelves in heart, and their horlcs f re(h -, aod environed Hanno and the Afticans, who with fighting 
 and following were tired cut .;ndoverwe ricd •• Mdpintfa likewifc turned his hailes fuddtinly'^ 
 
 E sni made head -g ir/,and returned to battel afrefh ; fo there were environed, interccpied, and kil- 
 ed in the place together with Hakko himfelf the Generall, fad upon a tbouland,evcii as many as 
 were in the Vinguard.and could not well retire themlelves back ward. The reft affrighted with the 
 death of their leader, fled with bridle on horfe neck : whom for the fpace of three miles the con- 
 querors followed in cbaie upon the ipur, and either flew and tookprifoncrs two thoufjnd horfe- 
 mcnofthembcfides. Amongd whumthere were, as it is for certain known, no fewer than two 
 hundred naturall Cirtbginians, men of arraes, and divers of them of good mark, both in regard of 
 wealth and riches, as alio of birth and noble parentage. 
 
 It fortuned that the very fame day when this hapned, the fliips which had tranfported over the 
 booty in to Sicilj returned back charged with provifionot vidu Is.as if they had prcfagcd & fore- 
 
 p tokened by their arrivall, thit they were come for a new pillage and frefli prizes. But all wa- 
 ters do not accord,thit t woCarthajinian c iptains of one n ime were flain in two battels,of the Ca- 
 valry •• for fejrfas I verily take it^ ted by telling one thing twice, they might Teem to deceive and 
 abufe the readcr.Certes CaUtis and Kaleriui report th .t Hanw was taken prifoner.Tben Scipit be- 
 dowed rich gifts upon the captains and horfemen according to their good (crvice, and as they 
 every one delerved.- but above all the red, be highly rewarded Mafuniff^i, And when he had 
 placed a ftrong garrifon in S<j/fr4 himlclf with the reft of his army made rodes; and not only wa- 
 ited and fpoilcd the lands and villages all the way as be went, but alio forced and won certao Ci- 
 lits and borough towns ; and fo having filled all places far and neer with the terror of war & bodi- 
 lity.be returned to the camp,the feventhdsy after he let totth^bringing with him great numbers of 
 
 G people, much dore of cattell and prizes of all lort s ; and lo dilpatched away the ftiips a fecond time 
 Uaiglu and laden with Ipoils ot the enemies. After thisbelet .= fide all light expeditions, fmall 
 rodes and Iccage of the country towns, and bent his whole power and all hi? forces >gainft ri*- 
 CA : intending it he bad once won it, to (attic himlelf there, and to make it his feat from thence 
 forward, and a (ure place ot defence in .11 bis other exploits that he meant to perform. Thither 
 at one time were t be lea-fetvitors brought from the armado, to that part of the City where 
 thefci beatetbupon the wals .■ likcwitc tbel .nd louldiers advanced from the hill ttiat overlooketb 
 
 the
 
 The nine andiTi^entiethBoo{ofT,hivm. 
 
 the town, and joynetb in nunnet hard to the very wals. As for artillery and engines ot battery H 
 and aflaultjlbmc they had brought with them-and others were fent oatofSiciijr with the viftuals.- 
 and daily new were made in the common Armory and Arcenall, where there were oi purpofe ar- 
 tificers continually kept at work for the framiog ol luch fabiicks and peeces of battery. The men of 
 j/'iica befet thus round about on every fide with lo great preparation and ordinance of war, rc- 
 pofed their whole hope and confidence in the Carthaginians ; and the Carthaginians relied them- 
 kl\ti upon ^fdruhly in cafe he (hould(ollicite.S7//;<»« for to let to his helping hand. But all 
 things went but flowly forward, and they beftirred themfelves not fo quickly, as they (hould have 
 done.who wanted fo much aid as they did.And Jftirnhal when be had with all the means and the 
 beft (hift that he could make, gathered together thirty thoufand foot and three thouland horfe,yct 
 durft he not approach the enemy, before the coming of Sjphax to joyn with him. At length came I 
 Sjphax with fifty thoufand foot, and ten thoufand borfc : and immediately departing from 
 Carthage, encamped not far from r?/f 4 and the Roman camp. Whole arrivall yet was loimpor- 
 taBt,and wrought this effefl^; that Sc/pio after forty dayeswclncerCduring which time he had in- 
 veftedrt /r4 and tried all maftries bat in vain)was compelled to remove bis fiege & diflodge.with- 
 out doing any good at all. For now the winter approached, and he fortified his Handing leaguer 
 for winter harbour upon a promontory, which joyning to the continent by a thin and narrow ridg 
 ofabank, liethout agood way and beareth into the lea. And withone and the lelf-lame trench 
 and rampier, he empaled both his army, and alfo the (hips that lay up in the dock. The legions 
 were quartred and lodged in the midsotthe (aid cape : the fhips that were drawn up to land, and 
 likewUethe failersand mariners, kept the (trand on the north fide of the hill ; the horlemen took K 
 up the vail towards the (outh, upon the hanging and fide therof,(hooting to the other fliore. Aad 
 thefe were the afts at chieved in ^frick^uailil the end of Autumn. 
 
 Befides the provifionof corn gjrtbered from all parts out of the countries pillsd and wafted 
 
 roundabout, and other ftorc of viftuals brought out of ^/r/// and /r*(;r, ^». OS^v/w* the Viee- 
 
 pretor ardvcd with a mighty deal of grain out of Sardinia, fent from T. C/^Hd'm the Pretor, who 
 
 had thtgovernmtnt of tha? Hand: fo as not only the old garners already made were rcplcniOied.bp* 
 
 alfo thole that were newlj built. Only there wanted apparell for the army. Whereupon OUavi- 
 
 • tu bad in commiHion to break with the Pretor about that matter, namely, what liveries might be 
 
 provided out of that province, and lent for the fuppiy of that dcfeft. Which bufinefswasnot 
 
 flackly followed, but with all diligence pcrfofmed,in fuch lort.as iaCbott Ipace there were lent o- L 
 
 ver 1 200 fide borfmens coats, and 1 2000 (hort caffocks and jackets. 
 
 During the time of that lommer wherein thole occurences paffed in >i/Hf^, P. Semfreuitu 
 the Conlol who governed the Province of the BrHtU, skirmifhed fuddainly in a dilordred manner 
 with Anttibal upon the very way^ wkhia the teritory oiCrettn .- where the fight was mainteieied 
 rather by iquadrons and companies one to one, then by any (ct body of a ranged battcll. The 
 Romans weredilcomfited i and having loft in this confiid (which might more truly be called a 
 tumultuous fcutfling than a full figbt^upon 1 200 of the Conluls army, they retired in great baft and 
 fear into theircamp. Yet darft not the enemies make an aflfaiilt uponthcm within their hold. But 
 the Conlul diflodged from thence in the de|d time of the next night, and having difpatcbed acou* 
 tier before unto P. Ucinitu the Vice-conful, for to come forward with his legions, be joyned his M 
 power unto them. So they returned again unto Anmbal, being now two Generals, and two en- 
 tire armies. And withoutany ftay,tooattcll they went .• v/hiles the Confuloa theonefide flood 
 upon tbts his power redoubled and reenforcec!,&./^«»<^«i/on the other fide took heart for bisfrcfli 
 viAory aforelaid. Sempromw advanced with bis legions into the vanguard ; P. Lir/Mv/ with bis, 
 kept the rerewards. The Conlul at the very firft (hock and beginning of the conflid, vowed t 
 cbappell to F0rr»«; ander the rams of Prtrnt^euia, in cafe he might have the honour of that day, 
 md vanquifli his enemies. And furely his vow was heard, and he obteined his defire .• for the Car- 
 thaginians was diicomfited and put to flight, and more than four thoufand armed menflaine, 
 three hundred or fomewhat under taken pnlbners.forty horleof fervicegot alive, and a 1 1 cnfigns 
 won and carried.away. Ann$bal dilmayed and daunted at this adverfe and unlucky battell^with- ^] 
 drew his forces 1 Craton. 
 
 At the fame iims M.Comclim the Conlul, in another fide of //rf/7 held iri awe //;f rwrw not fo 
 much by force of armes, as.by rigorous procefle or law and Itverejoftice; for all tbit country ia 
 ^ maner was turned to Mago^ and by bis means and favor hoped for a change, and were altogether 
 ' fet upon novelties & an alteration of the (iate.Tbe examinations and jud cial ttials of thefe matters 
 the Conful followed by vettueof commiflion from the Seoit, and not upon his own motive and 
 feeking.- and went through therewith, letting afide all partiality, nothing rcipedive of favour oc 
 difpleafure. In luch fort, that maBy of the nobility of Tyfcatie ('lucb as eirbcr bad repaired ihem- 
 ' (elves in p«r(on, or had lent their agents unto .A/(«^o,fortotrf it wiibbm^bouttDe revolt and re- 
 bellion of the States wherein they lived J were ltfirlt,asmany ismaJe perfon»ll«pparance,con- q 
 demned : but afterwards, luch as had guilty confciences, went into voluntary exile •• and being 
 condemned in tbeir ablencc, in ft ead of ?heir bodies which were gone out of the way, they yccld- 
 ed and left behind them their goodionly, which might be forfeit and confiicai a pawns to pay tor 
 the punilbment of their pcrlons. 
 Whiles theColT. vtas tbusemploied in divert places one from the other, the Cenlorsintbe 
 
 oie«a
 
 The nine and wentieth Boo\ofT, Li vi us. . 5^5 
 
 A Jne»n time at R«ms-,At. Livius and C. Clandius helda new choice and review of Senators.- and 
 (^.pAbtui was once agun chofen the principall Senator and Ptefident of the Scnat. Seven in 
 number of tbcin were noted with ignominy and difgrace, but not one of all thole bad fitten in the 
 ivory chair and born office otftate. They looked narrowly and mod faithfully to the Publicacs^tbat 
 bad the charge of theCity- buildings to lee them kept wind-tight and Witer.tight,and in lufficicnt 
 r;paritions. They publickly gave order for a paved caufie to be made, from the bealls market un- 
 to the temple of /^<««<, and j11 about the fliopsand fcaffoldsin thefhcw-placcs. Alfo the church 
 * M»gnA /i'/<»/fr[]thegre.t mother of the gods3theyc uledto be built in the mount Palatine.They >* OjhtU, or/- 
 ioftitmed alloa newtaxandimpoAout of (he provihonof lalt. And whereas both ac ^on;« and ^^oActhis 
 throughout ail Italj-, lalt was told at a * Sextant by the Modius^they let and fermed this commo. ""P^" appcat- 
 
 Bdity, tobel'ervedouc ofths (ame price lliil in^owr; but in the market towns and fairs, they en- ^nij odwrthK 
 hanced the price higher, and in (undry pi ccs they rated it at divers prices. This tax was deviled that /<j(/>j were 
 as all men verily belceved, by theoneoftht; Ccnlors, for aiiger, and anoldgrudg that he bare un- 5meat«Wi and 
 to the people ; becmle he had been in times pall unjulUy judged and condemned by them, and not i.j>«/fj,ac 
 thereforcin the penlion , nd price of kit they iuppoled that thole tribes were mod pinched ^^°'"! '° '''J- t, 
 and chargedwho were the means of the hard doom fhatpatfed againlthim. Hereupon it came that before wasthc 
 this Livtui was lurnamed Saltmtor, The cenfe and numbring ot the Citizens was liniflied the la- fixth part of 
 ter becaufe the Cenlors had lent c bout into A\ provinces, that the full number fliould be taken of *" '^J'-> ^ cue 
 all Roman Citizens who were without in the armies, and prefentment made accordingly. So °^.^''^^*'^'.fu 
 there were vegiltred in alijWith thole ai3road t wo hundred and fcven & fifry thoufand petlons-And now warrfiied 
 
 C CC/(i»J/«/^er(? was le that performed and accomplilhed this numbring and afleffmtnt. After to the worth 
 this there ws'^ aCenfe ortaxition taken of the twelve Colonies,a thing tbt;n brought up and never ohhe whole 
 betore. And sccording to the relation of the Cenfors they were entred into the fubfidy book »"'^^»'uedat 
 »t Rome .-that It might appear upon record in the publickinftraments and writings, what number ingf thVprkc 
 of.ible men tor war they could make, and what every man was worthin money and goods. otaModiusof 
 Then they began to take a furvey of the gentlemen and knights at Ramc. And it fortuned lo, that fait in Romct 
 both Cenlors had horfcs ofthe City provifion ^nd charges. And when the crier c <me to cite thole '*.' ^°*"^ ^Y 
 of the tribe PoUia wherein the name otMXivim wasentolled5& made (ome Itay tocall the Cen- f'^'* ^'^'"'' 
 for himielf by name .• Cdll hardly (quoth Nero) lorAi.Livitu. And whether it were upon the re- 
 liqaesof an old canckred malice, or that be tookafoolilb ptide and vain delight to feem forfootb 
 
 D to be fevere and preciie, he commanded Af. Livms to fell bis horfe of fervice.becaufe he bad been 
 fometimes a mm condemned by the doom ofthe people. Semblaly AULivipu when the crier was 
 come unto the tribe Namienfis, and to the name of bis collcgue, awarded C. ClandiHt to fell and 
 make away liis great horfe likewiie ; and tbat for two ciufes, the one for that be had born falf wit- 
 nefsanddepoled wrongfully againft him; tbeother^ faccaule he was not foundly and intruthof 
 heart reconciled unto him, when they were made friends. Whereupon there grew a foul jar and 
 contention between them, whiles they palled not to impeach and ftein the credit one of the otbec 
 even with the touch and b zard ot their own good name and reputation. At the end ofthe Cea- 
 forfbip, when C. CUudins bad fworn to keep and obferve the la wes, and was al'cended up into the 
 chamber of the Cities treafurc; among the other names ofthole that hcleftasdisfranchifed and 
 
 £ tributaries, he declared bis collegueforone, and gave Dp his name in the roll. Afterwards came 
 Al. LtviHs into the chamber aforelaid, and fetting afide the tribe Metia only ('which neither bad 
 condemned himfelf, nor cl ecScd him a condemned perfon for Conful orCcnfor)he declared tha 
 whole people of KsiWf like w ife fufpended, even four and thirty tribes; and left them all no bettec 
 then meerftrangers and aliens, iniegardof taxes and tributes .• and why? becaufe they had both 
 condemned him.an innocent and guih'e.s min.- and beingthus condemned, had created him Coff. 
 andCenlor notwithflanding : neitbercouid they deny but that they bad eredand done amiffe 
 in their jadgement, and twice in their eleftions. And among thole four and thirty tribes, he pro- 
 nounced thatC. CV'Jw^i''*^ aUo Qiould be reckoned for one: protefling moreover,that if be could 
 have found any one precedent, to have led him to the disfranchifing one man twice, he would 
 
 F have left C. ClaHdiw by name, as a noted perfon by bimlelf, in the checkroll ofthe City cham- 
 ber. 
 
 Surely that reciprocall debate between the r woCenfors,in depraving and defaming oneanotbet; 
 was but a lewd and naughty part by them plaid: but this chaltilement of the peoples levity and 
 incontlancy, wasa worthy thing, and befet ming the Cenlors gravity of that timc.While the Cen- 
 lors flood thus in exceeding difgrace and hatred with the people,C»,g<^/w a Tribune ofthe Com- 
 mons taking his time and occalion hereby to rife and become great, enditcd them both and com- 
 menced an aflion againfl them before the body ofthe people. But this delignmentof bis was 
 foon daflit and came to nothing, though the generall accord and conlent of the LL. of the councellj 
 to the end th t in time to come, no fuch example might be extant upon record, that the Cenfors 
 
 ^ dignity fliould be expofed to the variable and incontlant pleafurc of the people. 
 
 The fame fummer in the Brutians country,?«<//<j had been already forced and won by the Cof# 
 when as Confentia and Pandojia, with other mean and bale pceces,willingly yceldcd themfelves to 
 his devotion. Now when the time drew neerof the elcSion of new magilttats,it was thought good 
 that Cornelius (houd be fent for to Rome out of J'/»/<:4«;,whsre there was no war at all, rather tbea 
 the other Conful out of his province ; who being come, created for Confuls Cneni ServUim €*• . 
 pit, and Cn. Scrvilms Gtmmtts, After this, the court was affetnbled for the cbufing of Pretours, 
 
 where-
 
 t-Q5 The thirtieth Boo{of TJLivms. 
 
 
 a.j.' 
 
 % 
 
 9i 
 
 •trv* ; 
 
 wberin were eleded P. ComeliKs Levtulks^ P. Qnintilius Varw^ P. e/£//«< P*/*/, and f. VtUius „ 
 r/?OT/»i.Tbefe two Uft wcie ^diles of the Commons when they were cholen Pretots.Thc Con- " 
 fol after thc(e elcdions were finiflied and paft , returned unto bis aimy again in Hetruria. Certain 
 Priefls and Prelat s that year died,and new were cholen in their rooms. P. Vewrius Philo^Y\im\n 
 oiMars^flis createdj inftalled and inaugurated, infiead of M. t^mjUiu Regillwy who deceafed 
 the year befcre.And in place of M- Pcmpemta Matho, who was both Augur and Decemvir.thete 
 wasadvanced into dignity of Decemvir, Af. JttnlttisCotta: and into the office cfAugur,^ Tit. 
 Setupromuf Gracchtu^ivery yong man : a rare thing to be lecn in thole daies, in the beliowing of 
 facerdotalland cburch-promotions. In that year was fet up in the capitcl a chaiiot drawn with 4 
 fteeds,aU of beaten goldjby C'^i'vitu and M, Servti:ns Gf)iw;»/«,e/£diles of the chair for the time 
 being.Tbe Roma gam;s alio were exhibited & renewed again tor a daies: like wife the plaies & 
 pattiiiies called PUbeti, tor other 2 daies by the e/£diles of the Commons,?. */£/»>« & P. ViUiHt, I 
 And for the great bonoc of thofe games, the feaft of Jufiter was folemnly kept and celebrated. 
 
 The thirtieth Book 
 
 Of the HiJIories o/T. Livius ofVadu^y from the foundation of the 
 
 City of Rome. 
 
 The Breviary of L. Floras upon the thirtieth Book. 
 
 IN Aftick, Scipio i>j the help e/Ma(anifla infundrj battels vatiqui(hed the CArthaginiaitt^togetker 
 with the afore-faid Sypbax Kt»g of the Nnmidians^and Afdtubal. Be rvon andfaci^ed two campef 
 the inemies. therein there perijhedtjfire axdfivord, to the fmmber of 40000 men.Bj the means 
 ofC-'Lx\\\iihetookf>yjf\\txaltve. Malanifla w^*» he had taken pri/opert^ueenSopbooisbi, the 
 ffife p/Sy phax a^d daughter <>/ Afdrubal, bj and bjfeU in love rtith her, and by way of marriage ttok, 
 mfHovufe : bfit being ckaflijed and rebuked thirifcre fy Scipio, he feat unto her acufoffoifen: 
 Vhiehp^e drankj& therefdied. Bf manifold viEldriei o/Scipio n came tepajsjhat the Carthaginians 
 driven to dejpatr^rvert fain to call for Annibal out e/Italy, tofave the main chance y and defend their ,L 
 •pholfftate : ^^ho, m thei6jear of the wars, departedoHt oflta]y, failed over into Africk,^ affaied by 
 ■ni^Miiof cnoferente^tomak; peace with irtipw.Jndwhen they sonld not agree about the conditions & 
 capulaiions tbereof,he fot(ght,& rv^r overthrown in the plain field. The Carthaginians at their fait 
 dtfe^ueji hadpeace granted,And whenG'iigo dijfwaded that peace,h!nah*\pli*ckedhimback^with his 
 hMd,&f9 after Jome excufe made of his ruderajhnefs in that behalf, himfelffpakf for peace.Mtgo who 
 had fought with the Remans in the country ofthtInfMbriat)S,wasgrievoufly 'wounded^& being jent for 
 hdt^e into Atrick by cercatn embafjaders.in tkeway diedofhis ^»«.MalanilTa was fully refioredto his 
 \iingdome. Saplo being returned tothe City of R.omet had the glory of a mofi honourable and noble 
 triumph : vhom, Q.. Terentius Ca\\eo,a Senator, followed v^ith a cap {jf freedome^ upon his head, 
 Scipio was furnamed Affricanus .• htit doubifull it is, whether he came by that title through the fa- M 
 vittr of his fouldiers before ,or the general applaufe and ajfeHion of the people. But this is certain, that 
 heifas the jirjf general that ever was intitledtnhis ^ile,with the furname of a nation by himfelfcoO' 
 ^ifid. 
 
 The thirtieth Boo\ of T. Livius. 
 
 ■0,l; 
 
 WHen Cn. ServilliHS C*pi», and C. ServiUus Gemixtu ^Coff. in that year. Which by 
 compuistion was the x6 of the 2 Punick war j propol'cd unto the Scnat, concer- 
 ning theafF.iirsof the State, the managing of the wars, and the goTetnmcnt of 
 the provinces : the LL.ordained and gave order, that the Coff, ftiould either agree xr 
 beween themfelves, oreUe call lots whether of them fhould go into the Brutianland againft ^»»<- 
 bai : and whether fliould takeupon him the charge of the province o^ Hetruria and the Ligorians .• 
 witbcommiflion tor him, whole hap it w»s to rule the province cf5r«;/». to receive the army 
 from P. .y^wf rawj^j the Conlul ; and the laid P. .Jewprow/w* (for he alio as Vicc-conful wasio 
 continue in place of government one year longer) to fucceed in the roomofP. L/ciww, who 
 was to return home to Rome. This P. 5f«>/Jrff»<«j among other commendable parts Cwhereinno 
 Citizen in his' time was counted more fufficientlyfurnifhed than himfclf^ wis taken alio tor a 
 br*ve warrior and man at arms. For being richly endued with all thofe good bleffings that either 
 natureor fortuio can afford unto a man, bewas bothnoble in bittbj and wealthy inlubftance. la 
 bdau^if nil perfonagc he excelled,for Ifrength of body he far furpafled . Of tongne and fpeech be was 
 thought ir'oll eloquent, whether he were to plead a caufe at the bar, or occafion offered either in V 
 Senat hoofe or before the affetrilby of the people to perf wade or dilfwade,to give counlel one way 
 orot^ber. In the Pcntrficisll canons and laws, he was Angularly well learned and skilfull. Befides 
 iU theie praile- worthy qualities (I lay)his Conlulfhip had given him cxcperienceallo m military 
 aSaiw, and made him a worthy louldicr. The fame or der that was taken for the Brutians pro- 
 vince
 
 "■ ■■ " - — -._i 
 
 The thirtieth Bool^ofT. Liv'ms. ^qj 
 
 A vince,was alio decreed for H«r*r/(i and the Liguriins. M.QomeUw was commanded to put over 
 and lielivet tip tiis army to the new Conlul .• and himfelf tocominue dill in government, and to 
 rule the province of f>>i«ctf with the llrengtbohhoie legions uhicbZ.. ^cnbonitu the Pretorhid 
 under hi.-, charge the year before. After this, the Conlulscad lots for their provinces. Unto Capia 
 te\hheBrutti, unto Servilius GemtHus, Heirnrta, Then the Pretors provinces alio were put to 
 the choice of lottery. And P. t/£//»« bis lot wastohavethe/urifdiftionof the Cityof^pw.-: I'.Len' 
 /»/«/torule Sardir,tii : P. f^ihtu to ^ovctn Sictljf : zna Otnntilim K.«>«i^tohave thecharpc of 
 ^rtminumw\t\\ twolcpions, which were commanded by Sp. Lucrettur. Aftd Lucretms bad his 
 com ■ iiVion reviv-d again foralonger time, to the end, that he might recdiHc thetown goma, 
 which bv yl^/j^ofhaoartbjginian hadbecn rafed and deltroied. As fur /*. ■ff/;^/o,his cornmiflion 
 Band government was not limited by any txprefle time, but only wiib theendof thcwa.s, and to 
 continue untillthofc wars in Afnck^vitvc fully dettrmincd.A decreeaUopined,that there fliould 
 be a (olcuin procefiion and lupplication holdcn to this eftcft ,and in theie terras, that wheras he bad 
 failed over info the province of y//r/r^, ibis voiage and txptdition of his n;ight turn to the 
 latety and good of the people of /?«»«<•, of himfelf, and bis army. In Sicih were enrolled three 
 ihouland ioaldiers. And tor as much as the whole llrcngth and msnbood of that province bad 
 beenfhiped over into /ifnck^- for fear left fome Armidoihould cut over out of /ifnck^^ it was 
 thought expedient to guard allthefeacoilts oi S/al/, with afl 'et ot4o(ai!. And FiUiHihii ivitti 
 him into ^iictlj 15 Oiips, newly built ; thereftof tbeoldlliipsinS/a/j' were repaired. For Admi- 
 rall of this armado was apointed M.PompomM the Pretor of the former year,wbofc government 
 C was prorogued, end be embarked the new iouldiers brought ou: of Itdf. The like number of fliips 
 the LL of the Sena? aflignedunto Cn, O^avita the Pretor of the former year,with the lamccom- 
 miifion of government, for to defend the coaitsof Saidmi.i. And Lemulut was commanded to 
 allow unto the Pretor acoofouldietsfor to man and furniQi thole lliips. Moreover, the feacoalts 
 oUtalj, becsule it was uncertain to what parts the Carthaginians would make out thefrnav/ 
 (and like jt was.thit where they (hould elpy any place weak and disf urnirtied of lufficient llrength 
 and garrilonjihithe-- they would direft and bend their forces)* ere committed toM. M-tnitu the 
 Pretor of the former year, that he (bouldfcourtbe feas, and keep thatfide, with asmany fiiips 
 asthcother. And tor to f urnifli tbaefieetof bis, the Conkilsby rrdcrfrouithe Senst enrolled 
 three tboulandfouldiers, and rcierved two legions befidss, againlj- ail doubtful! chances of war 
 D whatfoever. ^s for the two provinces ol Spain; together with tbe armies there, and the whole 
 government} they were appointed to the old Generals, L. if »/«//«, and L. Mmlins Aci^oius.Sq 
 the Roman wars for that year wetemainteincd with AP legions in all & with a hundred a.^d fixty 
 (hips of war.Thenthe Pretors were commanded to take ttrclr journey into their fcvetal provinces. 
 But tbcConluls were cliarged before they departed from tbeCity.to exhibitc thole great Games, 
 which T. MAyiliHiTorij^attu the Biiilator had vowed againll the 5 yeatsend, iffo be the Com- 
 monweal remained in 1 be fame good and fottunat eUate, during that time. 
 
 Now there entred into mens minds new doabts and ftrange Icruplcof confcicnce, by reafon 
 divers prodigiousfights and tokens reported out cfmady places. Forbelesved it was thst certaine 
 ravens not only pecked and rafed with lhc^ bils, biit alio eat and devoured the gold in the Ca- 
 E piroll. At <4«fi«»» the mice and rats gnawed a crown ofgold. Abou; C<3;>a<i, ahugenuinberof 
 locufts (but from whence they rame, no man knew for certain j ovciffred all tbcgioar.ds, and fil- 
 led the fields. At Reate there was a horfe-colt foled with five feet. At /in.igma were leen in the 
 element, at the firft divers fire-lights lliooting andflafhing here andtt^ere; and afterwards a 
 mighty blafing comet burning. MFrufiio a certain arcbccjjpafled the (un with a thincourfe 
 like a line : and afterwards a greater circle of the fun encloledcbcfaidrund!efrom\v!thou:-foitb. 
 Inthe territory of Arpi^ the earth in aplaincbimpain field (etlcd and funk down ani made an 
 exceeding great chink. As one of the Confuls killed the firU bead for (actifice, the liver there- 
 of was found headlels. fhcfe monltrous tokens were expiat and purged withiacrifices of the 
 bigger fort .- and the colledg of the Priefts and bifhops Oiewcd unto what gods tbelscrifice tliould 
 F be made. Thcle things onccdoue andperfonued, the Confuls and Pretors went forth into tbeic 
 provinces: yetfo, asall of tbem had afpeciallregatdof .-i/r/ck, as if i: had oeen their own 
 province fallen unto everyone of them by lot; either bccau'etbey (awthat thprein relied and 
 confided the whole importance of all affairs, and tbemainltateof the war: oreli'sbecaufe'faey 
 would gratifie and curnei:avour with bc/;>/a,wbomnoiv the whole City mid:: cotiit to,and chiefly 
 refpefted. And therefore not only out of %ardi»iai%\s betcrelaid, but alio oaioiSicUy *nd Spa:it 
 there wastranlported :b:tber raiment and corn : yea, and armour alfc cut of Sictlj., and all 
 kmd ot victuals, for the maintenance of the army. And albeintwas wio'erfcalon, )ttSetpo 
 flaked no affairs -nd works cf war : which bemg many, amuu-d bis mind at once on every 
 tide, and kept nim continually occupicil.For Fttc/* be beheged . r.d eocamped be lay oppolit to 
 ^ Annibal^ and even within ins (ighc ; the Carthaginisns were witnth.'ir ihips jfiotc, ani put 
 tofea, andansvy they had liizged, furnifhed and trimmed, for to intercept all viiSaalsthat 
 came. »v:T>.d tbele cares beforgatnotto winag in the lovo of 6>^/ji<.i:,if napiy now he had his fill 
 otlovc-deligbts wub bis frcih wife, fincc be ban the plentitullfrni'ion thereof, as much as heart 
 could dsiire. But "^jphax rather f eodred conditio'is jf peace brt wecu the Romans ana rhc Cartha- 
 ginians, to w 1., that the Rt>mans fliouU depart out of ^/nck. and the Carthaginians ont oiltu' 
 <^ J toan Iccmcd to give any hope, that be would revolt from the Carthaginians, incaletbewac 
 
 con-
 
 ^q8 The thirtieth BooJi o/T.Livius. 
 
 continued ftill. And iot mine own pirtjl would rather beleeve tbst thefe matters were treated up- 9 
 on by entercourfe of meflengcrsjss moft writers do report, than that Sjphax himfeif in petfon, as 
 jtmiivs Falerim recordetb,csme into the Roman camp to apirle and conference thereabout. At the 
 firft the Roman Gcneiall, would fcarcely lend bis ear to hear thofe overtures .• but afterwards, to 
 the end that there might be Ibme colourable and probable caul'c for bis people to refort unto the 
 campohhe enemies, he feemcd not lo ftreight-Iaced, nor to deny the fame articles fo ftiffly, but 
 pretended (ome hope, that by often debating thereof to and fro between them, they fbould at 
 length grow to (ome good point and finall agreement. The wintering harbours of the Carthagi- 
 nians were in a manner all of wood, but built of flendet RufF gathered out of the fields at a venture 
 band over bead, where they could meet witball; The Numidians for the moft part lay in cabbins 
 and fheds, watled and wound with reeds efpecially, and covered and thatched with mats of fcdgc I 
 andfuchlike, here and there icatlering without all order •• in lucb fort, as lomcoftbem taking up 
 their lodging ?t their own plcafure, without direftion and commandment of any officer, quarter- ' 
 ed without the trench and rampier. Scipie advertifed hereof, conceived good hope to find fome 
 opportunity one time oc other to fire the camp of the enemies. Upon a certain day therefore, he 
 fentin trjin of thofe Commiflioners whom be addrcfled anto Sjphax, in ftead of pages and 
 drudges, and difgniled inflives and bondmens weeds, the br..veft iouldiers of a band,('men of ap- 
 proved valor, vvildome and difcrction^ who whiles the commiffioners were bufie in conference, 
 (hould range abouttnecamp, lome one way,fome another ; to efpieand mark all the paffages 
 and w:iesinand out ; tbefiteand form generally of the whole leaguer, and particularly of every 
 part; where the Carthaginians quarrered ; where the Numidians lodged; what diftSnce there K 
 was between^/^r«^<?/ his tents.and the iCmgs pavilions j to o&ferve alio and learn wjthal,the or- 
 der & the n anner oFtheir (entinelsjtbeir ward and watcbe$,whetbcr by night or by day they lay at 
 mote vantage to be lurprifed by an ambu(h.And according as there wetedivets meetings &c con- 
 terence5,and lo of purpofe fome were lent one time,{ome at another:to the end that more & mora 
 {till (hould have the ipiali and full knowledge of all things intheenemiescamp. Now whenas of- 
 ten that this maiter vFas treated of, the greater hope of peace both Sjphax had and the Carthagi- 
 nians like wiie by his means; the Delegates or Commiflionets aforelaid of the Romans, faidthat 
 they were exprtfly forbidden by their Generall to return wbcbout a full and refolute anfwer. And 
 therefore tbey willed bimto make ibort work at once, and to bethink himfeif what to do, either 
 to ftand upon his own determinat putpofe (ii he were refolved^ or elfc to coRfult with ty^fdmbdl L 
 and the Carthaginians, and determine accordingly. For now high time it is, fay they either to 
 conclude peace, or to profecute war f rcfhly',and to go through with it luftily. Thus while Syphax 
 confulted with Afdruhal^ and Afdrubd With the Carthagians, both the efpials bad lufficient time 
 to view and tee all, and 5c-/)>/o alio good Icafure to provide tiQceflaries for hispurpole. Moreo- 
 ver,by this motive and hope of pcace,as well the Carthaginians :s the Numidians, began(a8 com- 
 monly in Inch cafes it fallethout^ tobenegligeptandflackinforecafl:, and toprovidc that in ths 
 mean while they cmeby no barme and detriment from theenemie. At length an anfwer was 
 returned and fome chufes put in.without aH reafon,5nd founding to much inconvcniencc,by occa- 
 fion that theRom ns feemed tootoofam and defiious of a peace. Which fell out very fitly for %cipio 
 whole only delire was to pick fome juft qufcrrell for tpbrcak the trace andabftinenceof war.- M 
 snd fo the next day f'for in the mean time he (aid be would confer with bis Counfcl^ be anlwered 
 the Kings meffenget in this wile, thatbefides bimlelf alone, who laboured all in vain and could 
 donogcod, there was none liked of the peace; and therefore he willed bim to report unto the 
 King bis matter, that there was no other hope for Sjphax to have peace with the Romans, unlefle 
 he renounced and caft oft' quite the f riendfhip of the Carthaginians. And thus be ended the truce, 
 that with free confcience being difcharged of bis promife in tbit behalf, be might go forward 
 in bis dellgnments, and bring his entcrprife to his delired iffue. So having put bis ftiips to fea ffot 
 now the prime of fpring was come) he embarked in them his artillery, bis ordnance and en- 
 gins of battery, as if he meant to aflault Vtic.^ on the lea fide. And fent out two thoufand (oul- 
 dietSjtopoflefletbemfelvesof the bill that overlooked Vtica, which be had held and kept before, N 
 faotb to withdraw the minds of the enemies from that which he (ecretly defigned and intcnded,& 
 amule them upon the care and regard of another thing ; end alfo to prevent a mifchief, that whiles 
 himfeif fliould go againfl Sjphax and AjdrHb^lylhcy might not fally forth of the City , and affail bis 
 camp,lett witha (mallguard todefenditi Having made this way,and I ?.id this ground aforebantj, 
 heaffembled biscouncdl, where be commanded as well the f orefaid fpies to lay fortband utter 
 what they bad feen and found, as alfo Mafamffa^ who was acquainted with all the maoer and fa- 
 (hions oi the enemies .■ and then at laR he declared and (hewed unto them, wh.) t bimfelf intend- 
 ed to execute the next night. Then be gave commandment to the Tribunes or Ko. Marfhals, that 
 lo loon as the councell was rifen, and the court dilmifled in the Generals pavilion, at the firft (ound 
 of trumpets immediately they fhould bring their legions out of thecamp. Thus according to bis O 
 edift, thecnfigns began a little before fan- letting to fet forth. About the firft watch tbey put the 
 fouldiers in array ready for to march, and by midnight (for tbey were to journey Jeven miles) 
 tbey going a fair and foft pace.ipproached the enemies camp. There S<-/p«o gave unto L*lim a part 
 of the forces together witb Mafamjfa and his band of Numidians, with diredion to invade the ' 
 ctvn^oi Sjpbax, and to let fire thereupon Then calling them bytbemlelves both apart one from 
 thcotbcr, LtUui I me^n and Mttptnijfa, be earncftly befonght them of all love lo make up and 
 
 recom-
 
 Tbe thirtieth Bool^ofT, hWms. ^oo 
 
 A rccompencc by ctrefull indutlrie and devoir ta^^ providence and forecaft, which the darj^nefsof 
 the night ditappointed them oh Astorhiail'slf, he meant to let upon -^^yarai-^j^ and the Cat ha- 
 ginian camp .• but begin be would not, before he I • ^' the fire atnoi t'ft th^i I> ngs tents. And it was 
 not long firtt ere It began : for as loon as the fire ciughfbold ohh^next paviiio.:swtiercuponit 
 was ca(t, by and by it took all that were necrel^, and lb forward to thwfc rha? joyned unio thttn, 
 itfpredinto allplacesohhecamp. And verily into* great fright tnc; were ali put, as they could 
 rfot choole, but needs muli inanightlcarefire,vvfaich .vasruriaUcyer inlbnioctacii-ne. rlow- 
 bcjtthey thought it Ibmefireby mil'chanceonly, and not the hand of the enemy, by occalion and 
 means of war .• and therefore unarmed as they were, and lightly appointed wstnout v7tsr;ons,they 
 ran forth by heipito quench the fire, and light full upon their armed tratmies, the Nas; idians e- 
 }>rpecial!y; who by //.t/.«'/"j ihu was well acquaainted with the maner of theKi(-^scamp,wcre 
 bclio wed in convenient places, at the cndiot" every avenue and paflge. Many in their yery 
 beds andccuches.betwet-nfleepingand waking, were confumedwuh the fl me .• manytunning 
 headlong in this their bally flight one upon anoiher,wereinthellreightscf thegstesivcdcn under 
 foot, or clfe tbrud and crulht to death. The Sentinels and w.tchof the Carthaginiuns, e*piedat 
 fid): the fire fliining and flaming out ; after whom others awakened and rai:ed cut of ttitirnelts 
 by this nightly tumuli and alarm, might behold and plainly lee the hme.- but they likewiTc were 
 deceived as well as the otber,icd beleeved verily mat the fire began ofitfelf by lomc misfortune, 
 -no man Will bow. Theconluied noil'c and cry alio, which was heard whiles they were a killing, 
 flyingand wounding, would not I'ufier them to know the truth indeed, whethertheiamearole 
 C upon their affright and luddain fear by night, orotherwile. And therefore every man naked as 
 he war,i.id (ulpeding no pradfife at of all the enemy,at all the gates as they flood next did what he 
 could to bring withoim (uch inilruinents and means as were to put out tine fire: and hapned un- 
 awares upon the army of the Rem rs.Now after they were all msilacred and put to the fword to 
 to tiie lalt man, not only upon an ordinary hatred between enemies, but Jig bee ul'e there might 
 net elcipelbmuch asone to carry newes unto the reft .• 5<:/^/(»immediatly entied the gates, be- 
 ing not warded, but aitogether neglcdcd, asin fuchafearfull garboiland hurlyburly it v/isno 
 matvcll. They tell * flinging of fire upon the lodgings and flicds that ftood next, lo asthe flame 
 brske oui and fhewcd it nui as if it ba J been diiperted in many places .• but atterwardscstching 
 and iprcdjng fromonetent to another as they joyned dole together, they were all at once on a 
 D ligot fire, ird burnt every itii. k down to the ground. Men and cattell both, finged and Tcoiched at 
 the firft>asthiy ran in piteous and feai full fort away : but afterwards as they tumbled one upona- 
 nothet by heaps, flopped and choked ppall the waies and avenues of the. gates. AnTlook 
 who cfcapcd the fire, felupon the edge of the IwordJIhusiQ one day were a camps clean coniu- 
 med.Hovvbeit,both the Generals, and of lo many thoulandi of armed men,only 2000 foat and joo 
 bor.c armed by halfs,and many of them. either wounded or eliefiogcdsnd hr.lf rofted with the fire, 
 got away ani 81'caped, There eiihet werediin or burnt to aChes upon 40CCO men: taken prilo- 
 ners ibei e were above <Jcoo .• among whom tnere bapned to be many gentlemen ofthe Carthagi- 
 nians, nd 11 Scoators. Otccfigns were taken 178. OfNumidianhorles for fei vice more than 
 ■ i7oo!Si^E!ephin?s got alive, eight pcrifhed either u ith fire or fword:and amightyrdcalcfarmoc 
 E c me tyjhfu. hands ;,iil whichthe L. General Scipio conlecrated to Vulcan, and let on fire. Af- 
 <ir»*^^/withfomefow Africans that fled with him, tid away upon the Ipurtothe next City : and 
 thiihcrgot alireit, whqrcmained alive, following the tracks of their captain, and tbetelaved 
 theiiifclves. B-it Jtei:w..rdslcti that City fhould be yielded to ^ctpto, he quit the place and depar- 
 ted. Anoi) the Romans weiereccived within the 1 meat the gates Itanding open for them : and 
 bee Qie willingly ottheailelvestheyrendred the town, there was no kind of hollility or vio- 
 lence offered unto them. But two other Cities one after another were forced and pyt to rhe ran- 
 I'ack. All that pillage, as alio whatlbever was (aved out of the fire in the two caropsj was freely gi- 
 ven lo the loulditrs. Sjfhu'x. encamped and fortified himfclf in a flrong bold,almoli eight miles ()fF. 
 But y^/aV«^<t/mide h»lttoCdri/j(!^(r, for fear kit upon the iuddain fright occafioncdby thisfrefh 
 F and lite overthcw, things fliould gobjckward, and the Senat relolve upon (ome unmanly and un- 
 wtrtby courle. 1 hither at the jii It anived fuch fearful! news,that all men thought venly that Set- 
 ^/tf would give o^cv Viica and forthwith lay fiege unto Carth.;ge : whereupon there Suffctcs 
 ^'who ate the Conl'uls as it weres of the City) called the Senat .- where three opinions were 
 delivered amongi't them. Thefirftadvilcd todilpatch Emba(Tadorsto5f//><o to treat forpcace? 
 the fecoiid, to lend tor /^«»«.^<*/ home to the defence of his own country, againftfo dangerous 
 and deadly a war : the third gave counfell, by example of the Romans conftancy and relolution 
 inthsiraJvctfityjto repair the ai my and gather new forces, and to requeO S)fh*x not to abandorj 
 and give over the quirtcU, This opinion, becaufe ^fdrubat was in place (and ail thofethat lided 
 «uh the Barchine houlc and faftion, evermore inclined to war) prevailed and took cff ed. Here- 
 G upon theibegavi to take n-uifcts in town and country •• Orators were addrefled to 57p/;<«A', who 
 cfhimtelf with all his might and main, wasbulied to levy freOi forces, and preparing for visw 
 war. For his wile now, not as aforetime, by inticing words, flattering fpceches, andplea- 
 ^'' lant allurements , that might I'erve the turn to win and move the heart of an amorous lover, 
 " butby w«y of piayet andpititullcompaflion had prevailed fo much with him already .• yci, 
 "and with plenteous tears beloughtbim, not to betray her natcirall father and native countrey, 
 !' nor lutFer CrrtWeto oe burnt with lli.iiiDg fire, like as the camps were comumed already. 
 
 Fff The
 
 f.Ol 
 
 7 he thirtieth Boo\ o/T.Livius. 
 
 ■' The Embaffidors aUo brought with them new hopes bcfides, which were prcfented nnto them H 
 in as happy a time as might be j who rcported,that they bttuned to meet with 40C0 Ccltiberians 
 brave andlufiy young men, about the City named Oll'a, which had been levycd and hired in 
 Stain by theit Commiffioncrs, otpurpofcientto take up new loulditrs ; and that '^fdrulta/hxm' 
 felt in pctlon would be prefent with a power of no fmall importance. Sjfhax fiot only entertained 
 tbcra Orttours with gracious (pecches and courteous anlwers, but al olliewed them a great 
 number of Numidians, gathered out of the country towns ; which feme few dale? before 
 he had furnifhed with armour and horfes 5 promifing bcfides, that he would affemble al! the 
 young and ablemen for Icrvice throughout bis whole realm. Forwellhewift, thst thr !ateloffe 
 anddefeathapnedby occafionof fire, and not by fight : and never in war is a man to be repu- 
 ted inferiour, before he be vanquifhed by mere torces in ranged battcll. In chis wife anlwertd he i 
 the Embafladours, And after tome few daies Ajdrnbal and Sjphax once again joyned their 
 forces together : fo asin all, their boll amounted totbcDumoer well necr of jccco aimed 
 men. 
 
 Now when Sc<p«'0 was wholly fetupon theafTault of ^/ir4, and at the point to bend his crd- 
 ninceand artillciyagainft the wals, as thinking verily that the war was already done with Sj- 
 phax and the Carthaginians ; thefimcofihe war renewed by ibtmatreiii, averted him tiombis 
 purpofe, andcaulied bimtogive over that enterprile for a time. So leaving behind bim certain 
 imall guards, as well by water as land, only tor .ifign andfhewoffiege; himlelf with all the 
 flrcngthot bisarmy. fet forwards to meet the tiicniW. A' ttiefiift he iaie him down and encamp- j^ 
 edopon an hilJ,four miles for very ncer^diRait tr. m tbeKingscsmp. The next day after, he de- 
 fended with bis cavaltyi'down into tbe great Piamsor Downs (for fotbey call them) lying ntcr 
 the lame bill; and ipent that wholeday inbravi, g theftanding forp ^/r^Kar/i of the enemies be- 
 fore tbeir camp, and playing upon them wuh skirmifhes. And 10 tor two daies together next 
 cofuing, they palled the time in divers tumultu-^uscxcnrlions between the one part and the other, 
 without doing any great exploit worth the rcmcmbrancCc On the ionrth day, thy entrcdoD 
 both tides into the field, and embattailed themiclves. Scipia marftiallcd bis n.en in this wile •• Be- 
 hind tbe Principcs in a vanguard, be placed iht f jrnnoit enfignsof his Haltati, or Spears ; and the 
 iTtiarii he bettowcd in tbe rereward, forroleconJ thtm. The Italian horiemen he fet in the right 
 point.' the Numidian horfe and iW^/^wjl/i be tanged \n ttie left. Sjphax zni ^fdrMkal pat ihm ^ 
 Numidians boric oppofit to the Itahaos, and the Carthaginians to aflFront MafanijfA^ In theit 
 intin battell were planted tbe Ccltiberuns, to mike head againft the enfigns of tbe Roman Le- 
 gions. Thus ordered and arranged, ibej cncoutitied one nother, and joyned battell. At tbe firfl: 
 oolct,both wings at once, as well the Nomi lais as tbe Cartbtginians^ were put back and for- 
 ced to give ground: tor neither the Nuioidiro:, Cbeingfortbe moft part country people and 
 rufticall^ vJereaDleto receive tbe R'ii..anhjrltirjcR 5 not tbe Cirthigjnians (raw and untrained 
 fotddiers) luthcicnt to bold out witn (JHafani^^t; who (^bcfides aUotber things) for bis late 
 indfrcfb vift t,, wasiotertiile, as there w»- . Liraling with bim. SotbeMttcUofthcCdtibe- 
 rians.f naked lod aisfurnirhedof botfabtr points) itoodftillj for neither iiw they any likelyhood 
 to elcape and lave themfcivcKOv flignt, conlidenn^tney knew not thccoaft gf the country j nor »* 
 hope to obtain pardon at Sffw his hand, againii whom, CdefetvjngfowcH of them and theit 
 nation^ they were come into .'j/r/ck witn a power of waged nverccnary (ooldiers. So being en- 
 vironed on every fide with the enemicj, they fell one upon anothf r,and obllinatly dyed to tbe laft 
 man. But whues all 1 tie enemies vere -vhol!y employed about them,^;;*^^ and 4/</r«^«</ gained 
 themfelvesloiv.etime to get away &ekape. ^ he vidlorr(vVvaricd rather with continual killing than 
 long fighting) were ovKrtakco wifi. < 't-x rhh'. Tn. motiow after, Scipio fent anio L<t/itu and 
 JUafafftJfa, with all the Ro3;an and Numidian ho'ie> and the nimbleft and appointed footmen, 
 after Sfphax ini J/drubal fot to tollow the chafe, Himfelf with the ftrengtb and body of that 
 army,<ut)dued all thccitiestbercaooutthat wrrt withm the feignory of the Carth ginians.-whom 
 he partly forced by af'iulf, and p»rtly took n) lurrender for fear. Great was the fright ye may ^ 
 beia^re i\. Carthage : and the rf\cugbt no other r>ut that So/'io being now in thetrain of conqncft, 
 ■would maki haftto overrun h countrey; and when be h donee bronght under his fubj'eiSion 
 (and that with (peed) all the other States there botdnnu, then at once he would come to alsault 
 Carth<*^e. Therefore ihey fell to repair and nake up the breaches of their wals, and to fortifie 
 them with Urong bul^^aiks: and every man did his belt to bring out cfthe country all kind of 
 provifion, againft the time they iliouid abide a long and tediousficge. Few words or none at 
 all of peace, but mucbtalk of. ending Embafsadorstociillh -mc Anntbal. The greateft part were 
 of mind & jjave advice,to make out the armado which Itood ready rigged.for to intercept ; he Ro- 
 mans V!fluals,a(idto iurprife arvi aisault the Romans fleet, riding before Ff/c<« retchlefly without 
 fear, and dillruiting nothing : tor perad venture they might aifo force tbvotvall camp, left witha 
 i'mall guard for tiic defence thereof. And tottiiscounlell tni- moft enclini^d .• yet they thought ^ 
 it good to lend Embafsadors to ^ntiib*l. For luppole that their navy fhouldfpeed full well, and 
 have tbe happieltluccels that they could wifh, this only good would ff"Q)c thereof, th^iVnca 
 thereby night be m fome fort cated of the ftreigbtfiege whe;evvitn it wasirvi-ircd : aste<rthe 
 defence ot(*r/ib4j;f it Icif, they neither had any other GcnersH bcfides -4»i»i^i/, nor army left 
 but only hii. Wfcereupon the next day after, the (hips were (hot into tbe w»tcr. and let aflote.- 
 and witball tbe Embafsadors took theirs Way towards It^lj. Ail things were hudled up and done 
 
 ia
 
 I r ■__■■■ 
 
 The thirtieth Boo\ of T. Li vius. 6oi 
 
 A in haft ; fucb was their fortune that pricked them" forward, and gave them no further time. And 
 look if any one man (lacked bis bulincfs never fo littlc,bewas reputed to betray the whole (tate,sncl 
 the fafety of all. 
 
 Scifig now marching with an army, loden with the fpoil and pillageof many Cities ; feiitthe 
 priloners away, and all the prizes berides,unto the old camp before Vnca. And wholly let upon 
 the conquest aiCarthage^ he furprifed Tntiet^s City aoandoned other guard left for defence^ fituat 
 from CV«r./»:«^faimo(trw.'ivc miles. The place, both by mans hand was Ihongly fenced, and by 
 nature furely I'eated •• and as it mij^h: be ea(ily fecn from Carthage, io it yeclded a goodly prolpeft 
 to Carihage^ and alio to tlic Ita all about Carthage. From thence the Romans (as they were bird 
 at work in fortify ingtbemi'clvvis with a trench and rampier) dilcovered the enemies fleet, failing 
 from Carthage tovitrdsf^tica. Laymg therefore their work afide, they founded the remove, aai 
 
 ^prelently in all haft advanced fheirenligns, to prevent that their own Ihips which Itoodclofe to 
 thefhore, bent wholly tothe liege, andnothiogfitccd andfurni(hedfoi a lea-Hgbt, might norbe 
 farptifedandboorded. For bow polTibly could llhips heavily charged, carrying artillery, ordnance 
 and enginsof bitrery, beeverable to witbftand an Armado nimbly appointed, rigged and trim- 
 med foe the pnrpofo with all Qiip furniture meet for battel!, and manned befides with armed foul- 
 dicrs ? How might our fhips (I fay) witbftand the enemy, which either are converted to the 
 ule of merchant- (hips of burden -, or elfe fo neer (etto the wals, that they (erve in (lead of a plat- 
 form and bank, or elfe of bridges to enter upon the City ? Scipto therefore, after be was thither 
 come, and had bcftowed his wars (hips with brafen beaks bcbmdsintbe rereward near to land, 
 
 p which (as the manner is in fight at (ea^ might guard and defend the reft : oppofed {he Hulks 
 and Caricks in .( iour-fold rank and courfe, in Itead of a wall afroat theencmie. Andbecaufe 
 that in the tumult of the hght, thofe ranges might not be broken and dilordered, be laid the marts 
 and fiil-y^rds over-crofle,teaching from fliip to (hip; and wit hftrong cables he linked and taftned 
 them all io one together, and 1 id boords and planks over them, that men might pafle every way 
 from ooefhip to another. But_under tbofe very bridges, he left certain fpaces between, from 
 whence the light pinnaces and frigots might make out to cbsrgeand recharge the enemy, and 
 retire fliemfclves f hither again in fafety.Having thus in haft(according as the time would give him 
 leavc^ le: thefe mattets m order 5 there were to the number almoft of a thoufand eleA and choice 
 louldicrs put aooon: into thofe fhips of burden, to make head io the for ef"ront,& witbftand the vio- 
 
 -^lence of the enemies and furni'hed they were with offenfive weapons, butmi(fiveefpecially,to 
 
 ^ fliotit and fling (iom them .• and fucb (tore thereof they had together, as might fet ve for the aflaulc 
 were it never /obng. Thus appointed and prepared, tbey waited the coming of the enemies. 
 TbcCatcbaginians> who it they had made good Ipeed, mijzht have furprifed themunawares,and 
 found all pdl-meh and out of order whiles they were trcubled,fvighted,and to leek what to -io upon 
 that fuddcn occurence) fearing ftill as men out of heart and difmayed with (onuny(o;!s by land, 
 ind thereupon diftruftmgthemfeives even at the feaalfo; whert(no doubt^tbcy vv.;rc[h'jbctiei and 
 more puiHant ; and hiving trifled out all the live-long day, and (ailed but flowly ; about the fun-fct 
 arrived in the haven, which the Affricans call Rufcittof. And the next morring by fun-riliug, they 
 put forth into the open fea, and ranged their fliips in order, as againlj- a (et navall uaitcll ; liippo- 
 
 P fing that the Romans would make out and receive them. When they had flood thus a long time, 
 and perceived the enemies not to ftir or once to let forward, then at lift they charged upon the 
 forefaid hulks and (hips of burden. The fervice was nothing like a fea-fight, but refembling for all 
 the world the (hips that are to affaile the wals of (ome Town. For the hulks were a good deal 
 tallerand flood a loft over the enemies. And the Carthaginians out of their war fliips armed and 
 brcfted with brafen beaks let flic many a dart io vain, as lancing them from beneath taintly againfl: 
 the higher place; whereas the (hot from abova out of the Caticks, was levelled with more ftrcngtb 
 and by reafon of their own poifelight alio with greater force. The light pinnaces forfpial.and theo- 
 iher (malbatks, which made fal'ies from under the bridges afore(aid,fraroed of planks upon mafts 
 and fail-yards, at the firft were encountred, overch^-rged and hidden only with the violence and 
 greatnefsof thofe war- fliips.- but af-erwards they were fome trouble tothe defendants ofthcic 
 
 '^ own fide; far that being intermingled amongft the enemies flups, their own fellows were for- 
 ced oftentimes to (lay cheif hands, and neither (hoot atrow. nor lance dart, for fear of milling 
 their enemieSj and lighting amongft their own part. Attbelaft, the enemies from out of tbia 
 Carthaginna (liips, began to caft out certain loggers, with iton books at the end ( which the foui- 
 dicrs ufe to call Harpagoues) [^Grapples] for to take hold upon the Roman (hips. Which when 
 the lvomr.is wetenot abletocut in (under, no more then the very chains wberefr> ihey hung, 
 ar^ vT-hcreby they Were (lung, then ye might have (een ^a- any one otihcir ent-miss war-fh'ps 
 and gallics rowtd back, and towed after it a Roman Carick hanging by the grapple end) lae 
 boords and ropes cut alunder, by which it was tied and faftned unto others, or elle another range 
 Q and couri'e of'm ..rcfiiips together, to follow after the tail of the other. Bv this devic-.* efpecially 
 were all the hruiges torn and rent io peeces, and (carcrly bad the det'endants aoy time and 
 fpace roretitti and paffc into the lecond rank of ftiips behind. Thus there were about (ix Car- 
 ricks ({the Romans drawn away to Carthage, hanging at the poops of their gallies. fbeic 
 gUdiicfl'eand rejoycing heicat wasmacb greater than the thing it lelf came to, and the more 
 / = j.jj^ acceptable
 
 ^oz The thirtieth BooJ^ of T. Livius. 
 
 accepttble in that tmidft fo many continaall loflcs and plenteous tears of theirs, one only ;oy as h 
 (mall as it was, (hining upon them beyond their expeftation, ealed and lightned thsir hearts .• con- 
 fidcring witball how neer by all likelyhood and appearance the Roman armado was to a miicbief 
 andfinall deftruSionjhad not the captains of their own galhes fereflowed fo mucb,»nd Seifio come 
 in time to help. 
 
 It fortuned about the fame time, that L//<«/ and it/<»/««//4 were come within 15 daies into 
 Nftmidi* ; the Mafsfylians rendered lUfattiJfu the ancient realm belonging to him by inheritance 
 from his father, and received him with joy, astheit King whom they had long time dcfired. Sj- 
 fhax feeing hiscaptsins sndgarrifonsdiffcized and difplaced, kept himleUe )yitbin tbe ancient 
 limits of bis own Kingdome, but was not like to be long at relt and quiet. For bis wives father 
 on the one fide, and bis wife again on the other , fet him on, and pricked him forward continu- j 
 ally to make arms againft the Remansiand To doted he on bcr in cxceflive love, that needs he mbft 
 yecldtober, there was noremedy. Befides,ro mighty he was in numbers of men and horfe, ttat 
 the puiffance of a Kingdome flouriftiing fo many years together, offering and prefeoting it klf 
 daily to ttie eie, had been enough to have made a Prince proud, that was not (o barbarous and un- 
 civillashe, and had (ome better rule and maltry of hisaffeftions then himlelf had. when be had 
 aflcmblcd together as many as were able for Ictvice, he furniibed them with botfes, and with ar- 
 mour, as well offenfive as defenfivc. The Cavalry heiortcdand divided into fmall troops and 
 cornets, tbe infantry into the cohorts and {quadrons,according as he had learned longfinceofthe 
 Roman centurions. And thus, having raifed an army, cquallfornumber to tbe former, but (land- 
 ing altogether in manner, of new and uf?tcained iooldie.i, he put himfelf on his journey againft jj 
 the enemies. And after be had encamped ncer unto them, at the beginning iome few light hotfe- 
 men advanced forward from the corps dc^uard, in efpiall, fo ncer as they might with fafety, but 
 iseing let back from tbencewith arrows & javelins, they retired unto their companies. After this 
 they began on i)Otb fides to make out one againft another, and to maintain light skirmifties; and 
 when of any part they bad taken the foil, they wouli again for anger return in greater number 
 which is the wonted manner to kindle a battcll bet ween horfemen ; for whiles the winners hope 
 ftill of better, and tbe loafer chafes for having tdeworfe, the company ever encreafcthon both 
 fides. And thus now, after iome few had Icuffled and blowed the coals, at length the whole at- 
 oiie of either part, came forth into the field eager of fight, and to ttrike a fet battell. So long «s the 
 horle lei vic.7, tbe Maf^cfylians were lo many, as there were hardly any dealing with them, Syfhtix l 
 fentthem out in liicb great troops; but after that tbe Roman footmen once bad fuddainly entre4 
 between the cornets of their horfemen, which gave way as they came, and had gotten fare foot- 
 ing and made head, and (o frighted tbe enemy charging fofreeupon thefpur ashe didthcn.the 
 Barbarians began to ride their horfes more eafily, and within a while gently to (land ftill | and in 
 tbe end, not only to give ground to the footmen, but aUo to retreat from the horfemen, who now 
 were the more bold and hardy, being flanked with a guard of footmen. 
 
 And novvby tbistim'^theftandards of the legions advanced forward, and approached neer 
 hand. But when the Mafscefyli were fo far from receiving and enduring their firft charge, that they 
 might not abide the very fight lo much, as of their enfigns and armour, lo mightily wrought with 
 them either the remembrance of former overthrows already pafsed, or theprefentfearof immi- m 
 nent danger. Where S;ph^Xy whiles he rode bravely in the face of the enemies troops and fqu», 
 drons, if happily for very fhan.e, or for the pctill of his own perfonjhe might (fay his men from run- 
 ning away, had his horfe under himfore wounded, and being call offbis back tothe earth, as over- 
 prefsed with the number, tikcn priloner, and brought alive unto L<e//«/, fortoreprefentunto 
 Md/anijft above all others a goodly (hew and j'oy full fight to behold. Now was Cirtha, the bead 
 City of allthc Kingdome of 5*^;&<«*-; andtbitheraftertbeflight, betook themfelves a mighty mul- 
 titude of people. Tbe (laughter in this battell waslefs in proportion, then the viiftory, bccaufe the 
 horlcmcnonly maintained theconflift. Not above fivethouland were (lain, and not balfcfo many 
 taken priloners. And when they had made an alfault upon the camp whifher the frighted multitude 
 after tbe lofle of their King, had tcnrcd, Mafamjft came unto Lalim and faid, that for the prefent N 
 there could be nothing more pleaGng and honourable unto him, thenupon his viftory lo vifit and 
 fee his fathers Kingdome, which be had recovered and won again after (o long a time. But as in 
 adverfity,loliKewifeinprorpcrityCqd.he^traa of timeanddelaiesare never good. Incafether- 
 fore L(tliM would permit bim and his horfemen, together with conquered Sjphax to go before 
 unto the City Ortha,hc would (urpriie them on a fnddain, finding all out of frame and to feck by 
 reafon of this lo fuddain ind unexpeded fear .• and Lalitu with his footmen might travcll fair and 
 foftly, arid come after with eafic jpurnies. Ld/itu yeelded hereunto. Whereupon, being gone a- 
 forc unto Cirtha, he comaianded the principall Citizens of Cirtha to be called forth unto a parle. 
 But all the whiles that they were ignorant ot the Kings unhappy fall, and fo long as Mafaniff^t 
 uttered nothing of that which washapned, he might not prevail either with threats orfaire O 
 words and perlwafionsuntill he prefented the King before them abound prifoner. Then at fo hea- 
 vy an objed and miferable fpedacle, they lift up a pitifuU cry, and made great lamentation. 
 And partly for tear ibey abandoned the defence of tbe wals, and partly by a generall confent to 
 court the Conqueror, and to leek for grace and favour at his hands, they fet tbe gates open. 
 Tbsn Mafanifa, after he had beltowed about the gates, and in convenient places of the wals, 
 certain If rong guards, tt^ keep tba{ no (pan (honld ftir and make an elcape, be rode a gallop to the 
 
 toyall 
 
 1
 
 The thirtieth Boo\ ofT. i^ivius. £02 
 
 A roiall piUtce, for to be poffcffed of it. As he cntred within the fore-gates thereof, even ia the 
 very entrance of the porch, Sephonhha the wife of Syphax, and daughter or yljdrubal the Cartha- 
 ginian, met him on the way .• and cfpying in the mids of the armed tiain MafanijfM full gorgeoufly 
 dight, as well in bis brave armor, as in other goodly array and ornaments, imagining dim to be 
 the King (as he was indeed^ flic fell down proftrat at his feet, and fpake in this wile : *■ True it 
 '« it is f quoth ftie)0 U^Ufantfa, that the Gods above, together with your own vertuc aud fidelity 
 *♦ have given you full power and puiffancc, to doe with us according to your plealurr; but if it be 
 •Mawfull for me spoor prifoncr and captive woman, to open m' mouth and makr; an humble 
 " fpeech unto my Lord, and ia whole only hands lieth n.y life and death ; if I may be fo bold to 
 ''touch your knees, and that viftorious right hand of youts ; I would befcech and pray you foe 
 B,' the honour of the roiallmsjefiyofa Prince, wherein we alfo our felvescrcwhile wc^eintcref- 
 " led ; in the love and name of the Numidian nation, which now is conimon to )oii and S,phax, 
 *'by the domefticali gods, protedorsof this regall houle . nd princely palace, who voucalate to 
 " receive you into it »t this prefent with better prcla j^es and more fortunat tokens.thcn htely they 
 "• fent Sfphax out of if; to deign mc a lowly luppHant this favuijr, snJ grant mc this pefition,as to 
 " determin your fcU of me ytur captive wbatfoe ver pleafeth you & not to (ufFcr mc to tail into the 
 f- pjoud hands and inhumane dilpofition of any Roman. If there were nothiig cliebut this, that I 
 "was fomctime witeana Queen to 5;^A<ja-, yet would I rather trie the couttefie and humanity of 
 *' a Numidian, and one born in ^fnck as well as my lelf then of a Itranger and alien. But 
 "What hard meafure a Carthaginian hdy, and the daughter of Afdrubal, may fear at a Ro- 
 C" mans band, you Ice and know tuli well. Wherefore once again I requeft and iiitreat your high- 
 nefle upon my knees, to regard my init.- aod if there bene way elletofaveandkeep m-'from 
 the will and appetite of the Rom ni, topui me to death out of hand. For beauty fhe furpaffed and 
 wasincomparaQle .• for y ears luily, and in the very beltojher sg..\And therefore when aM.Ovv fhe 
 held hirn fait by the land, and requeltcd his protedion and honourable word, only forthis.thut iha 
 might i^ot be delivered and betrj cd ;o a Roman, placing & (t- f ting htr words io well, nd couching 
 them fo cunningly, that thty founded ncerer to(pcechcsfor to win love,thcn prayers to crave pity.- 
 lee the tanfie and aficciion of this vidorious Prince.' bcerclined preltntiy not only to mercy and 
 coropaflionjbut allo(as all the kind of thole Numidians are ful of love.and have no ftay of their wan- 
 ton liiUs cooqueror otherewife though he were,yeelded himfelf prifoner to the love oi his captive: 
 D and .ifter he had given her his right hand tor iisurancetoperfotm her rcqueft.he went into the pa- 
 lace. This done, he began to caft about with h'mielf how he might make good his promife unto 
 Sophoniiba: but finding no meaneseUe to con:;)al"s and bring it about, he borrowed foolifh, raflb, 
 and (hamelefscounrell of blind love. He made no more ado, but commanded in all haft to pre- 
 pare that very day for the folemnizition and marriage with Sophofiisl>,i,h(:Ctu[c he would give nei- 
 ther Lalitu^ nor Scifio himfelti any liberty at all to proceed a^aioll her as a piiroast,after(he were 
 once the wedded wife of Afafautf^. The wedding was no fonnerdone, but behold Lalim came, 
 a gueft unfcfit for and nothing welcome : who fo little difsembled how much oe mifliked the thing, 
 that he w^sonce about to have plucked her forth of the bride-bed, and (ent l^&away even with S;. 
 ^/;<<Aand other piifoneis toScipto. But overcome with the earncll prayeft ui Mafanifa, who 
 E belbughtand importuned him to lefer the matter over to Sc'/)«'ff,for to arbitral and decide unto whi- 
 ther of the two Kings Sophcnisba (liould be awarded, for to mend their ftate, and better their for- 
 tune ; he lent away Sjphax alone with the reft ot the priloners, and by the help of Mafamf4,^m 
 and recovered the other Cities in Numtdta, which were heid isy the garrilons of the King. When 
 news came into the camp that they were bringing o)/)^^*- thither, all themultiiuJc wept forth 
 as it were to behold a triumph. Himfelf went bound before all the reft, and a Dumber ot Numidi- 
 an noblmeiiandglentiemcn followed afcer. Then every man to let forth and aiiplifie thiivifto- 
 rie, tiiagmfied what be could the greatneis ot KingS)/>/&<t.\', an J the glorious renown of the 
 nation, intbefe tcrmes : That he was the King, unto whole mi;cIiytbetv/omoft mighty and 
 puiftant ftates of the world, to wit, the Romans and the Carthaginians attributed to much, that 
 FSc-/p«c theGenerallof theone, for toieek his amity, left the province of Spain and the army 
 there, and with two Caravals or Gallies ruled with five banks of oars, (ailed over into ,<#;^r/c/£r 
 and l/ifdrnhal the great commander of the Carthaginians, not only repaired himlcli: in per- 
 fon unto him into his Kingdome, but aUo gave him his daughter in marriage •• fo as at one time 
 he had in his power the two graijd-captains, of Crihaginians and Romans both. Andlikc 
 as both thefe nations killed facrihces unto the immortall gods, and craved thereby their grace 
 andfavour, lb of both patties atonetime washis fiiendlliip fouLjhtfor, and delircd. Andasfor 
 bis power and puiflancc, it was lo great, that he expelled A/*j/i(«»/<a out of his own Realm, and 
 drave him to ihis narrow point,toat the bcltmeaneshebad to preferve his life, w« either the 
 running rumour of his death, in thelurkingholesof the wild woods, wherein he wss glad to live 
 ^ by rapine and ftealth, after the guile of lavage beafts. The King thus talked of in every mans mouth 
 thit Itood about him, was brought at length into the Prae:orium or GencraU pavilion, andtbere 
 prefented unto Sc///". And Sc»^/» vecily waj much moved in mind to confider the former ftate 
 and fottuneof the man, compared now with his prefent condition : and to remember withall 
 and call to mind the hofpitall intcrteinment, the giving interchangeably of the right hand, and 
 thecovenant between them made both in publick and private. lothele regards likewife Sjph*x 
 tookheait, and fpake more frankly unto the conquerour. For wberjSc/wo demanded of him 
 
 Fff 3 Wh«^
 
 ^o4 T^he thirtieth Boo\ of T. Livius. 
 
 " What he mesrit, and for what intent he not only renounced alliance with the Romans, but alfo h 
 •' began bimfelf firfl: to make war upon them ; he made anfwer again and confefled, Tbaths had 
 " indeed done amifs, and plaid the fool. As for his taking armes againft the people of /Jowe, 
 *' that was not thebeginningof his folly,bDt rather the very end ot his trantickfottifliners. Then it 
 *• was, and never elle but then, that he went befides bimfclte and wss bereft ot bis wits ; then he 
 '•abandoned outofhismind and clean torgat,as well private entnity by a hofpitallenfcriainirent, 
 "as a!! pi! lick alliance by folenn covenants ; when as he received into his boul'e a Catthagini- 
 «<an lady lor bis wife.- then bis loy all court and palace was fet on fire & burned with thofe nuptiall 
 •'torches. That furious fiend it wis fqt:othbe)andpeftilent danne, that by allkindof pieaiaiital- 
 **iaring baitSjand flattering enticements poffcflcd my mind,drew away and alienated my heaitj^nd 
 "never relied (he, untill with her own hands (he laid upon my body impious and ungodly armour j 
 '« againft my owne gueft and loving friend. And yet as defpetateand as wofuU as my cafe is, m all 
 •« my miferies and calamities, this one thing doth me good and cn/oy eth my heart, that I fee the 
 '■fame pefuterous tury, that fiend of hell, and lim of the Devill, gotten into the houfe and family of 
 " him. who is the molt deadly and mortal! enemy that 1 have in all world. Neither lurcly will .^4- 
 '■'fanijfa demear. bimfelf more wifely, foberly andconllantly then .S/f^^A? .• nay, confidering his 
 «'youtbfull years, he wil be as apt to be mif- led by love, and more fubj'efttothe temptations of a 
 *^ woman, Leitainly in this aaion of efpoufing her, be hatblhewed more folly a great dealjand 
 «« want of government. When he had uttered tbele words not only upon a fpitefull hatred againft 
 "anenemy. but alio upon fome new pricks of jealonfie rifing in his heart, feeing her whom he lov- 
 ed, in the polfeflija ofbisconcurrent, Sf/;>;j was driven into no Imall dumps, and wift not well j^ 
 what to make o( it. And as be began 10 be fufpicious of Mafanijfa for this marriage, fo, to fpeak 
 3 truth, the circun:flances thereof hammeredinhishead, and made him conceive hardly of him; 
 for feat that another day by the fuggeflions of the lame woman, hewculdplay fa!fe, andtrel- 
 pafle as well as SjfLix. The marriage was (o hudled up as it were in themids of war and hoftility, 
 without the advile, without the privity, and without the expedatioa of £«<//» bis company. Such 
 haft he m de all on the bead,& without advifement^the very fame day that he fct eye nric upon the 
 queen his priloner, he mull needs efpoufe and marry her out ot hand, and in the very hcule of his 
 greatcft enemy confummite and lolemnile the complements of (acred wed-lock. Moreover to ag- 
 gravate tbele msttersandmake them fecm mo; e foul and (hamcfull, Jr/^/e knew full well, that 
 vT/^j/^swjT:, daring the time that be remained in Spain a lufty young gentleman, it was never known £ 
 thathe wasensmoured upon the lovely beauty of any captive woman. As he toffcd and revolved 
 thcfe things in bis mind, L<tlttu and Mafanijfa chanced to come in place. And after he 
 hid welcomed them bothalike, and (hewed them a loving and gracious countcnancej yeaand 
 honoured them with lingular piail'e and commendations openly in a frequent audience and court, 
 he within his lodging took Mafan'Jfa into a fecret place ap.tt, and began to fpeak unto him in this 
 manner; J luppoie/t/<«/4«ir/7'd,tbatyoufawin me Icmegood part, for love whereof both at the fir(t 
 •'you were induced^o come into 5/)4«» and cootraftauiity wish me; and afterwards alio in ,4- 
 *'/>/ck,yourepo((.dy.|[^r felfand allyour hopesinmy fideliiy and protedicn. Bui of all thofe ver- 
 !' tues, for which I have (eemed worthy of your affec^iooat love,there is is not one wherein j may 
 •■'romucfegloty and take joj and take comfort, asm temperance, continency, and the bridlingof j^c 
 "cariiall delights, and fifthly pleafures. This vsrtue Mafamfa, I wiln that you alfo would have 
 "joyncd antothe reft that are in you forareand and excellent. Forouragesf'trult wetruly^ftand- 
 " eih not fo much in danger of armed enemies, as of thofe earthly pleaiures that compafle us en 
 *' every' fide. And he that by bis iobriety and governance hath been able to rule and tame the lame, 
 "hath won himlelt more honour, and gotttcn a greater viftory, then we have done by the con- 
 " queft and fubduing of Syfhax, What valiant exploits and worthy ads you haveatcbived in mine 
 *' ablencc' I have willingly reported, and ftiU remember. For the rtfl I had rather you would con- 
 ** fider of them by yourielf.then change colour and'oluHi at my rehtarfall of them. Sjfhaxihtongh 
 "the good fortune, and by the forces of the people of ^«wf, is var.quifhed and taker; prifoner. 
 *• And therefore bimfelf, his wife, hisrealu), his lands, his towns, the inhabitants tbeieof, and N 
 »' finslly all things elfe whatfoever that belongeth unto Sjfhax; are become a bootie to the people 
 *' of Roffse. Toe King himlelf, aad the Q^en his wife, in caleflie had not been a citizen bor.T of 
 '-' C Art huge An ciZt we had not feen her Fatner to be at the grand Captain of our enemies, ought 
 '' by rigut to hive been lent to Rome 5 that the Senat and people of Rome might paffe their ccn- 
 '' furc, a Wild and judgement of her^who is reported to have alienated a confederat King from us, 
 •■ and to have caufed him rafhly and inconfideratly to take armes againft us. Strive then to rule 
 "and mafteryourlults..ndiftcdions, take heed)ou ftain not many good vertucs withcncbid 
 *■' vice, Msrre not the grace, deface not I (ay, the thank of many worthy defeiis, by one fault and 
 " trefpals greater indeed, then the (ubjeft caufe and occafiors thereof. Afajanijfa, whiles he heard 
 thefe vvoids, not only blulhed as red as fire, but alfo began to water bis plants. And vwhcn he hid O 
 promiled for his pare to be overruled and (et down by theGenerail, and rcquefted him witball, 
 ibfarfotthas poITialy the cafe would permit, to tender and regard his promifc, wherein rafhly 
 and inconfideratly he h»d entangled bimfelf, Cfor given his faithfuU wordhebad, that be would 
 nttdeliver ani'oetray her into the hands and power ofanyothtr^ he departed out of the Preto- 
 tium or GenerjllhiS court, alldilmaied and exceedingly troubled in (pirit and betook himlelf to 
 hi: oU-n pavillwn. Where all lolitary and alone by hirafclf, after be had paflcd over iomc time, 
 
 - with
 
 The thirtieth Boo\ of T. jLiviuis. i 6o< 
 
 A with fetching miny deep figbs and fobs, (o as be might cjfily be overheard by them that flood 
 about his tent, attheiaft he gave one grievous gione abovetbe reft,and with that cailed for one of 
 his trufty grooms, who had under his hsi id the kt'.piM: (as the iiianerwasof Kmgs.and Princes) 
 of a rpeciallpoyfcn,againit all doubrtull chances fbs' r,.^nt haposn. Which he com'msnded him 
 to temper in a goblet ot wine, and tocarryit toS3;»fc2«!»("», ^nd ivithallrofeil her thus much from 
 him. " That Mafmif^ would have beenmoit will; '7 ■■■ ptrfnrm his plighted ttJth and hrlt pro- 
 " mife, which an husband ou^ht unto his wedded wif-. but lines ta^ the uipe.iour powers, and 
 '• thole that were mightier thin h'mlclf, had btreft him oi thst pui{I.'>nce and liberty, he was ready 
 "and able yet toaccompliili a iccond behe'.t, namely, that ("he Aiould not come a'ivs into che 
 " bands of theflomans; andthcictcrcheadvi!edher, that in remembrance of her tacner aooble 
 
 g •' warrior and Commander, other native country, oftwo Kings to whom flie hsd tiren n.jrried, 
 '' (hs would provide for her lelf, and fave her own honour. This credence and meliagt, together 
 *' wi(h thepoyfon,iherervsnt when he wasc^msunto So^;&ff««^4,deIivercd unto her. VViieieatjT 
 '• accept ('quoth fliej this marraigc preient. and welcome be it to me, if this be the bctt toHcii that 
 '' a husband could Hnd to lend unto his wife. Yet thus much lignifie unto him from me sgain, that 
 ''better content I would have been to die, if mymarraigebed had not Rood fo ncer to my grave. 
 •' She fpake not the word lo (toutly,but ine did the deed as refolurely ; for Hie took the cup in hand, 
 •'and fliewcdnofignatallof fear,(he roundly drank ic olf, VVh:n tidings hcreotci'ne uato Ixr/^/o, 
 for fear left tiie hot, humorous, and p-aiionat young Prince, might do hm.ielflome milchief, he 
 prcfenily lent for him.One while he gave him good Si comfortable words ; another while he gent- 
 
 Cly rebuked him, iu that he would fecro to m;«ke amends for one folly with another, and to'play 
 a more cruelland tragicall part then there wa^s need. Thi n:x: day al-tsr, to the end that he 
 might Withdraw his mini away from ihis prc'cnt fit of troublefome fancies, hemonntedup 
 into his Fribunall feat, and alfembled an audience, Tnere firft, he openly tlyled .4/<?y4»j^j by the 
 name ot King, and honored bim with lingular praifes a nd commcndatior.s .• wb'cb done, he gave 
 him a golden crown, a fair cup likewifeof gold, acbairofeftateand afcepter, both of ivory, a 
 * rich long robe imbrodered of divers colours, and a coat wiought with needle work,teprelenting 
 the Date tree. Thefc honourable prclents wanted no words to (et them out. For as f quoth he) ^^'"*"« 
 there is nothing among the Romans more l^.ately and magnifical than triumph, lb they that ride in [u'ata'pmex- 
 triumpbjhaveno ornaments more rich and lumptuous then this,which the people of Rome efteem- ia,ficpa!mata 
 
 D e?hi*f(»p»»jf7"<i only of all ftrangers and aliens to be worthy of. After this he gave £«//'«; alfo bis due '"S* P'^<« ''- 
 and delervtd praifes, and bellowed upon hima coronet oJgold.Other martial men likewile accord- '/""'*'• '^"o- 
 jng to the fervice which they had done, were rewarded withlundry gifts.TheKing having thefe ho- 'j,^J%t^i 
 nours done unto him, was quieted and contented in mind, and conceived louieaffurcd hope, now cap.i^. 
 that Syfhax was difplaced & rid out of the wayjihortly to compafle and enjoy the whole kingdome 
 of iV«»i»/d»<».Then ^cipio having lent C. L^lnts with Sjphax and otiier captives unto ^«i»»e.3ccom- 
 paniedaKo with theHmbafl"idorsoi//<?/}i»;j/i3,returned himfelt with his power agiin tora«f/.And 
 mere what fortifications and works he had begun afore, now he finiQiedparfcdly and brought 
 to an end. 
 
 The Carthaginians who were filled with a kind o "joy that was not only niort,but a!fo in maner 
 
 E vain and foolilb, grounded upon their late affault of the Armado, which (coniidering their pre- 
 lent (late) was fortunat enough 5 after they heard that Syfh.tx was taken prjloner, in whom thpy 
 bad repofed more hope (well neer) thtn \r\AfdrHhrJ znA their own army, were mightily afifrighted 
 and daunted ; and would give no more ear to any that perlwaded war, butfent as orators tofue 
 for peace,thirty of thjit princip.ill ancients : 4nd they amongft them were (as one would isy)their 
 privy councelloKlate, and had the greased power and authority tofvvay and overiulethe whole 
 body of the Senat. Who being entred into the Ron-.an camp and the Gencrsll his lodging and 
 pavillion, fell down prollrat (after the manner and guile as I take it, ohhecountrey * from 
 whence they were hill delccnded)like thole that wotihip& adore the gods. And to this their hum- yj/'"'"^ 
 ble reverence, their languat'e v>as finable and tortefpordtnt ; net txtufrjt tbtaielves and \Vhcre likeas 
 
 p their fault, but transferring the beginning andoccafion thereof, upon ^£«(^j/and his favorites a- in other coun. 
 bout him and toothed him and bare him op in his wilfull pride and inlb'cnt ambition :craving par- '"" of '*/?'»> 
 don for their City of Cdrrferfftf, wh'ch twice already had been fubverted andoverthrownbythe n'o«r!'r'''!) ^"^^ 
 inconiiderat folly of her own citizens .• yet once again you would gladly be favcd andftandup- andvcrTldo- 
 tight by the meanes and goodncHe of their enemies : for as much as they knew full well, that the lacrous tothcir 
 'people of Rome lougbt no: the utter extermination and deftruftion of thole whom they bad van- Princes. 
 " qiwllied b)' force of artni, but only the loveraigr.iy and ruleover them : piomifing fealty and ho- 
 " magt to theni ready tci ferve in all loyalty, .nd to pertormwhatfoevcr it lliould pleafe th^jm to im- 
 '' pole and lay upon thtm. 5(r/p(» made 1 htm this anfwer again,and laid, that as he came into ylfrtck^ 
 "upon hope to return home withconqatlf and not with peace ; lo that hopeof his by the prolpe- 
 
 C'roBS and happy fiicctfle iMiis w rs hitherto , was much bettered and augmented. How- 
 " beit although he allured himltlf of the abiblute victory, as if he had it fait enough in hii hand, 
 "yetagood accord he would not rclule.- that all nations ofthe world might know,that the peo- 
 " pie of iV*W(f tan both begin wars rightfully, andalfoend thefamcas jullly. My will therefore 
 " (qucthhe)a;d plealure is, that the conditions of peace (liall be thefe. /nprimu, thattheCar- 
 '« chJgmisns fliall reitore and diliver back ail the priloners that they have taken in the wars : with 
 " ail the tenegates and fugitives that have fled to their tide from us. Item, that they remove their 
 
 forces
 
 ^o6 Tfe thirtieth Boo\ of T. Livius. 
 
 **forcesout of Italj and Fr4)»«,Item,that they forbear to meddle in Spttiit, Item that they abandon [.j 
 " and quit all the Hands between /talji and jifrick; Item, to yeeld up all their (hips of war u ving 
 " only twenty. Itcin, tbst they deliver unto the Romans, of wheat 500000 Modii^and ot bat- 
 "ley 50C000. [^Nowwhat was the fomcf money that he rtquired or demanded ofthtm, itjs 
 •' not certainly agreed upon» In fome writers I find 5oootalcnts: mothers, five thoufand pound 
 *' weight only ct filver : and there be that have let down, that they laid upon then, a double pay 
 ofaliebelouldiers-] Upopthcfe conditions ('(aithhe) whether ye will likeofptaceor no, yc 
 •• fhall have three aaics rcfpit and ubetty to confult and ccnfider. If you will accept theithn thele 
 *' termes, make a truce withmefcr theptertnt,and lent yrurEmbaffadots unto A'«»ff tothcSenat 
 '•there. Thus tbcCarthaginisns, when they had agreed together, and concluded to refuie no ar- 
 ticles and conditions ot peace whatfoever, were difmiffed. But in tiuih they lought for nothing , 
 elle but delaies and traft ot time untill Anmbal were faileJ over into Afrnk.- iso they ■ 
 addrcfled certain Embaffadotsunto Scifio to enter a truce: others they dilpatchcd to Rome to treat 
 for a peace •• who brought with them for a fliew,<ome few captives,reiH gatts and fugiti»ts,to the 
 end they might obtain their (ute murceafily. But L«//«x with -Sip^^* and other captives (the 
 frincipall nobles andgentlement oftheNumidians) wasmxnydaies before arrived at ^<>»»f, and 
 had declared unto the LL ot the Senat ail things m order as touching their good ipeed and lucctlle 
 in ^/"nc/^, to the great conttntmcnt and joy ot all mentortheprelent, and with exceeding hope 
 for the time to come.Then the LL. alter coofultation bad, gave order that the King (hould be fent to 
 ^/ija, there to lie in ward and fate curtodie, -ndthat L<e/««i(hould be kept ftill at iCsw*, untill the 
 Carthaginian Embaffadors came, A folemnproceflion for four dales was decreed. And P.(»^f//w j^ 
 the Ptetor, after he had dilmiffed the Senat, cilled ptefently an aflembly of the people, and to- 
 gether with C. Lalim went into the Roltra (or pulpit tor publick orations jwhere the people hear- 
 ing that the Carthaginian army was defeated, that the King of great name and renown was o- 
 vercomeand taken pri loner j thtt t\\ NMmidia was overrun from one end to the other with a 
 noble and Angular conqueft ; ibcy could no longer contein their joy in (ilence, I ut in fhouts and 
 acclamations and other tokens (ulu II in the aflembly of a multitude) cxpreflc and (ignifie their 
 exceeding gladncls and contentment of heart. Whereupon the Pretor immediately made procla- 
 mation, that the Church-wardens and fextons (hould fet open all the holy temples aridchappels 
 throughout the City, and give the people liberty and leave all the day long, devoutly to go about 
 the gods,j:everently to falute them, and heartily to render thankfgiving for this atchieved vidlory. t 
 The next day following, he admitted the Embafladors of Aiafantfa into the iscnat houfe, and gave 
 '• them audience. Who fiiQ and tormoQ rcjoyced in the behalt of the Senat, for the profperous 
 *' wars and happy fuccefle ot P. ^cipio in vi'/r/Vk ; than they gave thanks, that he not only had en- 
 tituled//*y^«»j(/^ their lord and matter by the bare name of King, but alfoinveftedbim a Kingin- 
 •' deed by rcftoring him to his fathers Kingdome. Whereinitit pleafeththcLL. chheSenit, he 
 •' might I eign, now that Sjphax w»s removed and gone, without tear and troub's at sll. Alio for 
 "that he folemnly iti the open affembly praifed himinmoft honourable terin>, ai-.d adorned hiai 
 '' richly with right [lately and precious gifts. For to delerve which favors and honoutj done onto 
 •'him, as he had indeavourcd already, lo would he henceforth not fail to dobisbefc. Then they 
 made a petition that the Senat would confirm and ratifie by their aft and decree, his royal! ftyle w 
 and title ofaKing,with othet bcnehfs and favours received of Scipio. hnd this moreover particular- 
 ly Mafa»/Jfa woM requeft(ifhe might be fobold^and that it flood with the pleafure of the Senat) 
 that they would enlaijic and fet at liberty all the Nuroidian captives ihat lay in prifon in Rome : for 
 this would be a thing whereby he fliould acquire much honour and reputation, and gain great 
 love and favour amongfl his people and count ley men at home. To thele points the EmbafTador 
 received this anfwer. Concerning the profperous affairs of the wars in AfricV, they 
 congratulated likewife.snd rejoyced reciprocally with the King. As for ^cipto, they liked well,and 
 confirmed his aft in giving ,/*2f4/<i«//<j the name of King.- and therein he had done well and juftly 
 and according to good reafon. And whatfoever he had pafled elle to the honour of Mafuniff'A^ the 
 LL. approved and commended the fame. Then they decreed certain prefents that the Embifsa- ^ 
 dors (hould carry untothe King : to wit, two purple fouldiers cafsocks, each of them with aclafp 
 L'tgold ; and as many rich coats embrodered and befluddcd with purple. Alio two couriers bar- 
 bed and trapped, with their rich caparifons .• two complete armours tor horfes, with theircuira- 
 ccs.- like wile pavilhons, with all their military furniture, in as full and ample manner as a Con- 
 ibl is allowed.Thcie prelcnts(I (■ay)hadthc Pretor direftionio fend unto the King. As for the Em- 
 bafsadors ibemfelves, there was bedowed upon themnolels then jooo Afsesapeecciaodupon 
 their followers in the train, each ot them loco Alses, Alio a double fuitotapparell for either of 
 the Embafsadors, and one (ingle fute to every one throughout their train; asaKototbofeNumidi- 
 ans, who being (et at large 00c ot prifon, were to be delivered again to the King. Over and be- 
 fides, there was appointed for the Embafsdors, lodging offree-coft; gardcnagc and walking q 
 places of plcalure; allowance for their table, and allprovifion elle whatfoever, at the Cities ex- 
 pcnces. 
 
 In that funimer when thele decrees pafsed at Kewf, and thofe affairs were atchieved in^. 
 /r/^'k, t. QttinUliHi Vartu Pretor, and J/. CornehM Vice-conful, fought a fet battell with M^ 
 j^othe Carthaginian, in the territory oftbe lafubrians^ within tbeprovinceof Fr/j^r^. in the
 
 The thirtieth Boo\ of T. JLivius. 607 
 
 vmguard were pUced the legions of the Pt^lor. CorntUut kept the legions in (he rereward, and 
 A bimlelt in perfon rode to the ftandards in the forefront. And beforeboth wings, tbe Pretor and 
 Vicc-conlull encourigcd all that ever they could, the fouldicrs for to advance the eniigns and 
 give a charge upon tnc enemy. But feeing he could not prevail nor do any good, thenquotb 
 OuintiliMs to Corneltm : you lee how the fight flakctb and waxetb cooler, and the enemies that 
 were timorous, arehardncd andheartned by this refiftance beyond their hope and cxpcaationj 
 yea, and ic is to be feared, that they will turn to be hardy alfo, and make head agsinrt us. We 
 muft needs raife up a ftorm of Cavalry, if we would diforder them, and put »bem cm of array. And 
 therefore either do you main am fight either in the front, whiles 1 brinjj the men of arms mto tbe 
 battcll, or elfewill Ihgnt h;:reinthe vangaurd, whiles you lend out the dorfcmen of tour legi- 
 ons upon the enemies. And when the Vice-conluU was willingto accept of whethcriervice the 
 B Pretor would, then Qutnttlitu the Pretor, with his ion aforenamed Marcau^ lulty young gallant, 
 went to the horlcraen, commanded them to mount on horteback, and iuddainlj ail at once lent 
 themagainlt the enemy .Tflc tumult and noife which tbe horlemcn made, was aofweredSc redoub- 
 led by the ihout that the toot men let up. And verily the enemies battcll bad not usen abie to have 
 kept their ground, but that AUgezt the tirttftirring of the Cavalry, made out (he Elephants forth- 
 with into the batiell, whom he had in readincffeforCuch purpoie. At theuncoucii braying, the 
 ftrong liiiell, and hideous ligbc of which bcaits, tbe hories were sftrigoted : and fo tbe aid of 
 horle right proved v«o. And a* the Roman Cavalry interlaced among the Infantry was more 
 ftron« andfoicit)]e, where-tlicy had the ufe both oflance point aloof, and of fvvordscdgeclufe 
 at hand : lo when they were tranlported and carried far off with their psnting ndfeartullhorfes, 
 ^the Numidians bortcmen had the mor£ room tofhoot their dirts againlf them with better ad- 
 vantage. Beiidesrhi^diiordcr, the twelfth legion of footmen f whereof a great part was beaten 
 down and flain,more foi lliametiien upon any [frengtb and valour,kcpt their place ftill; but never 
 had been aolc to have held out any loiigcr, but that the thirteenth legion drawn forth of the rere- 
 ward i.ito toe vanguard, reenforced the battell that was in hazard ^nd lay a bleeding; and M<i- 
 go withall tor his part, came in with tbe l-renchmen out of the rereward, and oppofed ibem a- 
 gaiiiu ttiis frchlegion; but whcHthey were once difcomfited and put back ("which required no 
 greic auo nor long tightj the Haiiati or laveliniers of the eleventh legion gathered round together 
 and cnargcd upon I he Elephants, which now alio began to break thcranksof tbe footmen. But 
 when they had lanccJ their javelus jgamlt them Handing thick together in multitadej(and lightly 
 D there was not one of them hit amilic out did bis errand) they forced them ail to turn back upon 
 their own battcll: lotourofthem werelore wounded and fell down dead. Then the vanguard of 
 the erjcmies began (omevvflu to give ground ; and witball,the whole llrcngth of the Roman foot- 
 men Iceng the Elephants tuu) tail, came for ward at once for to encrearethedifordcred tumult.and 
 put them m greater tear. But lolongas yl/<J^o (loodltoutly toit, and Handing in the forefront 
 of the enligns, the ranks and files as they went back foftiy , and retired by little and little, ftill main- 
 tained fight as before in good order ; but after that they faw him (hot through the thigh and fallen, 
 and therewith carried forth of the battcll for dead, incontinently they were all defeated and put 
 to flight. There were flain of enemies about five thouf and,and of military enfigns eighteen won and 
 carri'Jd away. The Romans likcwile bought net this vidory without loffe of blood. For of the 
 ^ Pretorsarmy were loft two thoufand and three hundred, and the greater part of them by far were 
 of the twelfth lefzion. Whereof two Tribunes Military or Colonels alfo loit their lives, M. Cofco- 
 ntpu and M. Mttntm, Likewife of the thirteenth legion, which came laft to the confiidl, C^.HiU 
 «»/«/ a Colonell, inrenuingthe fight was flain, and eighteen men of arms befides, moft brave 
 lod excellent horlemen , with Centurions who were by the Elephants troden down, trampled un- 
 der foot, and fo perifhed. And no doubt the battell b;d continued longer, but thatbyoccafionof 
 the Generall his hurt, the vidory was given away and yetlded. Mugo in the dead time of tbe 
 next night diflodged and departed; and llretching out his journey fo far as poflibly for his wound 
 be migbtjhc marched away untillhe was come to the lea fide^ unto thclngauniin Ligmria: where 
 theEmbafl"adorsrentfromCw?-(;^<»f(r('whoa few daies before werearived in the French gulf) re- 
 F paired unto him .'commanding him With all tpeed polfibls to fail unto y^/"wk, for as much as his 
 brother -^»»;t<«/ likewile ^unto whom alfo there were Embafladors gone with the like meffagc 
 and commiflion) would do the lame. For the State cf Crf>r/;<»^f nowwasnot incafe, nor up- 
 on terms to defend and keep in obedience by force of arnies Fr:«o(r(r tnd Italj, but to fee to home. 
 MAgo not only moved with tbe con. msndment oftbeSenat, and the danger of his countrey, but 
 fearing alfo lelt the enemy following thettaioof his viftory, would puriuc and let upon him, if 
 he made long flay ; and doubting left the Ligurians likewife, leeing/{<i/xabandoncdby the Car- 
 thaginians, would revolt and turn unto thole, under whole obedience they were like (hortly to 
 be reduced .- abcit he had no hope that his hurt fhould have klTc (liaking at fea by failing, then on 
 ' land by travelling, or to find things there rootchandfome and ready for the cure, embarked 
 .^liisarmy anddeparted, Butbefore he was well gotten beyond the point and, lands end of y<ir- 
 dinia, hediedothii wound beforefaid. Certain lliips alio of the Carthaginians, being fcattered a- 
 fundet in the deep lea, were by the Roman Armado, that kept about thecoaft of Sardinia fur- 
 prifed andboorded. Thefc were the Afts pecformcd both by fea and land, on the fide of Itaf^ 
 
 which lieth along the Ahi, 
 
 Cn.iervUitit
 
 ^q8 The thirtieth Bool^ of T. Livius. 
 
 Cn.Strvilifu the Conful hiving pctformcd no worthy and memorable exploit, either in his H 
 province Hctruria, or in France(tot thither he went alfo in the end) but only that he redeemed his 
 father Cn. Serviltta and his uncle ^. LuStatitti, from fervitude and bondage^ now fixteen years af- 
 ter they had been taken priloncrs by the Boii before the village 7rf«««w, returned to i^owir, with 
 with bis father going on the one (ide, and bis uncle on the other ; a man famous rather for bis 
 privat deeds, thenrenownedforanypublick and honourable aft worthy of remembrance. And 
 a bill was preferred unto the people, that it fhould not be imputed for a trelpaffeunto C». Servi. 
 liftt,thtt whiles bisownfather(whohad futen upon the ivory chair of ellatejwas living (and that 
 unknown tahim) be had been both Tribune and Adile alfo of the Commons againft ihelawsin 
 that behalf provided. This aft being paffed and granted, he returned again into his province. 
 Unto Crt.Servtiifit the Conia] who was inthc Brutians countrey, there revolted CoMJemia, Uf- \ 
 fugtim-,FergAy Befidfd, Hetriculum, SjfhiS.um'i jirgentanMm^Damfetia^ and many other peeccs 
 of (mall accompt, upon occafion that they (aw the Carthaginians war to wax cold and feeble. The 
 fame Conful fought a battell with Anntbd in the teritcry of Croton : the maner of which fight is 
 darkly and obfcurely reported. For FaleriHS A*>tiat faith, there were flam five thoufand of the c- 
 nemies: a ihingof fuchconfequence, that either it was rocer jmpudency to forge it, or great 
 negligence to ovetflip it. But the turth is, from that time forward nothing was done by Anni- 
 bal in /f<j/;:for to him alfo there came UomCarthage Embaflsdors to cal him home into ^/wk, even 
 about the fame time that the others did unto M^go. And as it is reported of him, all the whiles that 
 he gave audience to the Embaffadors, hegnafhed andgiinded bis teeth, he kept a fighing and 
 groning, yea, and hardly could forbear to fticd tears. Afrer they ha^ delivered their Mefljge ac- K 
 cording totheir commiffion. Yea, mary, qd.he, now they go no more about the bu (hwithmc 
 "by CO vert means and under- hand to fend fcr me home, but openly are feen in the aftion : who all 
 *• this while in liiflFering no luppUts either ofmen or money to be tranfported over unto a}e,(ought 
 *' to draw and hale mefiom hence. Well then, It is not thcpeopleof Aowf (ooftenby me defeat. 
 «' ted and put to flight,th4thaih by armes overcome Ann,bal-, but itistheSenatofCflrtj&rfg,-, with 
 «' their backbiting and malicious envy. N'.ithet will jP- Sc/pare/oycefo much, and bearcbimfclf 
 *« proud upon this dilgracc or my returnjas Bantio will J who with the ruine and fubverfion of Car- 
 "thage, bathovertbrown our houfe and family, whenby no other means he could efFed it. Now 
 [Anvtbat who:c mind fore-gave him that luch a thing would fallout, had prepared (hipping af ore- 
 band. And theieiore after be had Tent away the multitude offouldiers that wereoffmall or no I* 
 fervicc, into the town:-, if the Brorians countrey .under a colour and (hew ofgatrKons for defence, 
 which towns were but few^and the lame rather held in by awe and fear,then abiding in obedience 
 for love and loyalty, be took with him the whole ftrength and flour of his army, and croffed over 
 into Africkj, But oebre he went to (ea, many of the Italian nation, who refufing to follow him 
 into Afric^Mid laken for lansSujry fhccbappcll of luno L^«'/«/4, which never to that day had been 
 violated and broken ; not withflandingJhc liberty of the place, he cruelly maflacred in the very 
 temple. Seldome byreport had ever any man been known to leave his native (oil and countrey, 
 and depart into exile with more heavy heart, then Anmbat did when he went out of his enemies 
 land. Oftentimes helookedback to the coallsof /r<i/jr, blaming both God and man, yea, curfing 
 himfcif and his own lif<^, for ih»t be led not ftraightwaies upon his fre(h wSiory at Cama, his foul- M 
 '• diers cmbrued as they were with blood direiSly cvjen to Rome. Scipio fquoth he^ had the heart 
 " to go toCarsbage, who when he wsConful, had never feen in /r^/; the Carthaginian eneraie: 
 **andmyfelf, havingflain nlhra/jmctiHs andC4«».« looooo armed men, have (itten ftill about 
 " CaJt^fnum,CmeJiindN'e/a, wearing and decajing in ftrength every day more then other.Inthis 
 " manner be blan.ed himlelf, and complained of his hard hap and curfed fortune .* and io he was 
 pulled out of the poflclfion of /W; that be h;ld (olong. 
 
 News came to ^omr about one and the lame time,tbat both ^<>^0 and Annihal weit departed 
 and onward on their journey : The joy of which twofoldgratulaiion was the leflfe in two regards, 
 both for that their own captains fcemed to have either little courage or Iniall force to (lay them be- 
 hind, andimpeach them forgoing, confidering they had exprtffe order from the Senat fo to do.* ^ 
 as alfobecaule they at P^eme were penfivc and doubtfull,wbat would be the iffne and end of all,fee- 
 ing the whole weight of the war to bear and rdlupon the fhoulders of one only Captain and 
 army. 
 
 And much about this time came the Saguniine Etnbadadors, bringing with them certain Car- 
 thaginians ptifoners, who were taken with fums of money upon them, and had (ailed into Spain 
 for to levy and wage men for aid. The monj they laid down in the very port-ball or cntrie of the 
 Scnat-hou(c,amountingto2jopound weight of gold, and is oo pound weight of filver. Themen 
 they received and clapt them up fail in prilon, thefilver and gold both, they delivered again to 
 the Embafladors, with many thinks , ovtr and befides they gave them rewards and (hips to re- -. 
 turn again into Sp.i/», Then the grave and ancient Senators began to realon and di(cour(e in 
 this wife " That men naturally have lefie fen fe of good things then of bad ; and feel notfbloon 
 *' their owti weal as their woe. We remember (ay they, what fear, what fright and terroui we 
 <' were put io,whcn^««/^<i/pa(sed over into/r<j//. Lord, what lofses, wht lamentable roisfor- 
 " tunes bapncd thereupon .' The enemies camp was difcovered and feen from the wals of the Cityj 
 " what vowing, what praying was there then, both of all and fome I How often in afsembiies and 
 'f councels were men fccn to (tretcb oat their bands to heaven & to utter tbefe words & cry aloud} 
 
 When
 
 The thirtieth Boo\ of T.Livius. 6io 
 
 A When will that dsy come ? and will it never be, that we fhill fee I/4/; again deerof enemies, 
 obteinrepofc-and Hourifh once more injoying hippy peace .'Now at Icngth.even at l5 yeeisend* 
 •* and not betore,tbcgods have vouchlated us this bleffing ; and no man laith a word, nor maketh 
 *' a motion of tbankfgivirg to their divine majefty therefore. And lurely, if men know not ho-.v 
 to accept with joy and tbankfulnefle a benefit when it fird cometb, they will De tar (hort and fail 
 'much more to remember the lame when once it is pad. Hereupon ihey cryedout and called a- 
 loud with one voice from all partsof the Senat-hoo(cto /". t/£///« thePretor.fortopropolcthe 
 matter to the court there affi;moled : and a decree was granted, that for five dsies there fljouldbe 
 1 jlemi pvocellioRs and fupplicitions in every church and chaopcU before the (hrines ct tha gods 
 and goadelles; and greater b-.alts killed for facrftce to the num:er of i 20, 
 J, Now when £-<«/<«< a:,d toe Buiiafladotsot M.^fMijfn had their diipatch and were d:(mi(Tc;rf, 
 tidings were bioutjht ot the Cartdigmian E nbaftaduurs coming totbeScnat to(usK)r pe.cc, 
 werefeen at Punolt, and that from thence they wou'id traval by land unto Kowe. Whereupon iC 
 was tho^ht good unto the Senat, that /.<«//»« fhould be lent for again and called back, th t be 
 mtghtDc pttfcnt, and at the beanng ohhetre.tirgof p.ace. £{• f«/v/i« G/Z/o a Lieutenant of 
 5f»;)« hadtheciincufting oftheCarth ginian Emoafladorsto ^jwf.- wbobtingf'ntbidden tofet 
 foot within th- Cityjwere lodged withoutthe in great hall nam edr'<//4P«^//f^,aiid had audience 
 given ttittn of the Sc-na', aflemblcd in the temple of BeUon^. Who made in mann. t the very fame 
 ipecchthsf they hid b. tore unto ^c^;*, electing the wht IcStsti and their puolicKcouncell, and 
 layingail the fault and . hme upon ^ww^ii/for m king war ; layim;,thii hehsdi o vvanant,coin- 
 
 ^ milli-jn, and cmniandment from thcScnat to pafTc over the e^'/^j^no,nor lo much as over /^f?-w: 
 and that ot hiv own head he took arms ; and warred not upon the Romans only, but sKo upon the 
 Siguntins. in conlioeratioa whereof,he that would tdeem all things aright, and weigh the truth 
 moccd, ;< ulin.cfds jtidg.that for any thing done by the Sen t and people of C^jh/;.!^,?, the ancient 
 league made w..l> the people of /?»»»?, hath continued to that day found and entire. Andihere- 
 torc noitiingel chad they ircomroiffion to fuc for .md requefl:, but that they might maintain and 
 ind remain IhU in that accord Sc league wh'ch was laft concluded and contraifled with LuRa-.iHS 
 tbeConlQl. Nuw when the Pretor,according toan ancient cuftomeoftheir forefaiheis. had '--ivea 
 liberty to wbomfoevcr that would lor to put interrogatories unto the Embafsadors j and the ddcc 
 lort,fuch as had been prelcnt at the making of the capitulations and covenants concerning the I'liJ 
 
 _ peace, and demanded or them,fome one thingjand lome another ; and the Embaisadors anlwer- 
 ed again, that by occafion of their j one age' ftot they were all in maftner but yong n-.en) they re- 
 oicmbred no luch thing; the whole court from all parts thereof cryed out and faid, that this was 
 but a fraudulent and traiterousCatthagioiantrick.tochufe and lend lucbforto fue for the ol J peace 
 wbicti they themielvcs could not not remember. And when the Embafsadors were voided out of 
 the Scnu hoDe, ardtfle opinions of the LL demanded, ^.L/f/«< was oft his mind, that ^». 
 Serf//«f<*the Corfu:, who was the neererofthe twain, fnould be fcnt for, that the treaty of peace 
 mijiht in his prefcnce be confulted upon. For fince that there could not l!gh:Iy a weightier matter 
 then it was, come afore them to be determined cf, he thought it (tood not with the honor and re- 
 putation of the people of i^owff, thatluchi matter ilionld be debated of without the perlbcall 
 
 £ prefcnce of both, or at the leadwife oneof theConfuls. ^«. .^/f /?//«/ ('who three years before 
 had bftn ConfuL anj Dilator^ (pake tothc csufe 30 this m.nner. For as much as P. Sc.-piohy 
 deteating snd pu'.iingiothe fword whole armies, by walling and (polling the territories of thj 
 enemies, bad dtivcnth.mtothisexigent.'.bat in humble (ort they came to cave peace": and con- 
 fideriogthat nomm living was better able to juJge with what mind ad intent they fued fur this 
 peace then himfelf , who warred ever before the gaits ofC<i/-rZ'ii^.';tbercf ore no mans ali vice was 
 to^t heard, but only his, cither to accept of the fiid peace in qoclHon,ortoreje(Ptit. ALV^Uri- 
 us Lavirnu, who had been twice Conlul,a!gued, that they were fpies .nd not Embafsadors, who 
 now were come; and that it were a good deed 'oommand them to avant and be packing out 
 of the confines of Italy ; & to lend with them certain men of purpofe to guard them to their fhips; 
 
 p yea,& to write unto Scifio to go forward wtth his wati & not to flack one jot. Lxlji.'^ & FutviKs 
 added moreover and (aid, tint Sf»p/o laid this elpeciilly for his ground, to hope there n ight be 
 peace, in cafe -aVw^a/ and Mdga were notcaded oiitof/;w/; ; AsfortheCatthaainians, they 
 would make icmblant »f any thing wharfoever, fo long as they expefted thole leaders and thole 
 armies; but afterwar.-is without remembrance of covenants, wcrethey neverfofrcdiand new, 
 yea, and V, ithuut rcip^dcf all the gcds, they would (no dcubf) maintain and continue the w rs. 
 In thcfe regards they enclined theratherto L<T/«a.jnd approved his opinion. So the Em'jalia- 
 dors were lent away -without any peace obt iincd, or cettsin anfwer returned untu them 
 
 Much about that time, Cn.ServiliM the Conlul, who made full reckoning that he fhou! J hsve 
 the honour of bringinir/f^/^intoquictncfs made putluiteafttr^«»/^.i/,ssil he hsdi^eencourfcdgc 
 
 G driven out by him ; and firlt laiicd over into 5c///, an.:! then into ^fricl^. VVhich 'oeing commonly 
 noifed and bruited aaro duRome, atthe firlt the LL. of theSenat thought goo-', thactbePre- 
 tor fi-iould write unto the Confuls to this cflFeft, that the Senat judged it met and reafin for hiji 
 to return into/f,.'/f. But afterwards upon the Fretor his words, faying rhat theCcoiul 7;ould 
 fet nought by his letters, P. Sulfitius w.s created of purpofe D'dator, who by vertueoftbiitmore 
 foveraigne tole and anthotity, called ibc Cgnfull petcnaptorily hoine into Italj. And the 
 ' • ■■ • " teft
 
 "^jj J he thirtieth Bool\^ of T^LWms. 
 
 reft tbat year, be together with M. Servihtts the Generall of the horfej fpent in prr greffe and vi- u 
 fiting .11 theCitics ot Italj which in time ot war had fhaken off their alleageance,and in taking due 
 knowledge of all their caufes andrealons (cverally. 
 
 Duringthetsmcot the truce, there (ctforthaUoout of 5W/»/4 from If »?«/<« the Prefer, an 
 hundred Dulks laden with vidua!s,togetber with a convoy and guard ot twenty galiiesof war,an(i 
 ptfledover into -^/c /f k fafe, both from the danger of the enemy, and alto from the ptrill of cem- 
 ptRsby fea. But C'« Otiavita as he was in his voyage from Sicilj, with a'flcet of two hundred 
 hulks and thiity (Irong gailies, bad not the like good Ipecd. For as be failsdf'well near; within the 
 kenning of /^JrttU, firft he was calmed ; then the wind turning South, troubled and ojiordred bis 
 lliipsjyea, andicatttred themover ihe fea one from another. Himieif with bisgailit:,of war 
 wrought agair-lt ihc wind and thccurrent, and with exceeding toil and labour of the oare-ffirn,x 
 doulied the point oi (he cape oi->dpelio,Sc there in the bay rode atanchor.-lut che bulks forth? moft 
 part tell with the Ilsnde^^'iw«r/«^ which fliuttethupon the foreland, and liethin the very mouth 
 of that creek from the fea wherein C<«rr/j<jgfliandeth) simcft ten leagues from the City .-^nd iome 
 were driven by wind to a place called the Hotwaiers^os^r againft the City. All this hapned with- 
 in the fight ot Cartbt^ge. And therefore out of ail parts of the City, was gre t running to th: mar- 
 kctplace. The magiltratsaflembledtbeSenat; the people at the entry and porchof theCoun- 
 ctUboulc, called upon the Senators andcryedcut, that they tboiildnot let flip fo great a booty 
 out ct their eits and hands. Some alledged againrt them, the fidelity of treating of peace.- others 
 aUo objtfted the laithfull promife of truce Ctbe terme whereof was not yet expired,) But at hft 
 when both Senatand people wereinterminglcd all in manner tcgetheragreed it was by a general K 
 conrent,th»t^/ir«^<»/ with a fleet of fifty iail, Itculdcut ovcrto e/£j;>w«r«j jandtofrom thence 
 rally and gathtr together the Roman (hips difptrfed along the coalts and the havens. And the 
 hulks (abandoned of their marrineri that were fled, firll from the Hand t^gimi^rus, and after- 
 wards fromtbe //«jp«ife/^/ aforefaid) were drawn and towed as it were at ibe tails of their own 
 ihipstoCir*^;d!_gf.\syct theErobaffaJours were not returned fram^4Wf,neither knew they what 
 the refolution of the Roman Scnat was concernitrg war or peace, nor thc.day of the truce deter- 
 mined. 5'o'f/c taking the wrong and indignity to be more hainous.in that the hope ofpeacc and the 
 afliurancc of truce fhonld be violit by them firft, who fought both for the one atsd the other ; prc- 
 tently difpatched an embaffagcto Carthage M. BcbmSf L. Servilim, and L, Fabitu ; who being 
 by the concourfe and tunning together of the people, neertoafluewdfurnand mifchief; and L 
 forclccing their return like to be i dangerous, craved of the magjfirats (who favcd them from 
 violence) to fend certain fhips to waft f hem. So they were alio wed two gailies called Triremes, 
 which having condufted them until they were arived at the ivtuBagraiia^ where they were with- 
 in (ight of the Roman camp, returned back again to CMihage, Now the Carthaginian Armado 
 lay in ths rode before Ftia. From thence thcre'made out three gailies of four ranks of oars ; whe- 
 ther It were upon Iome ficcet diredion from C»rthage Co to do, or that j^jdrubal the Admirall of 
 the fleet, upon his own head adveEtured, (ofoul anaftion (the ftate having no hand therein, and 
 therefore not to be blamed; and elpyingthc Romin Galley of five banks ot oarspaft the point of 
 the C3pc,foddainly aflailed her from the main fea Bat neither could they invclt and ftrike her with 
 their beak beads, making fo good way, andfliifiingio well by reafon of her Iwiftnets; neither M 
 cojid the armed fouldiers trom out oft heir lower veflcls boord hcrbeing fo tall a fliip over them. 
 And right valiantly fhe defended her felf as long as ("hot lalted I which when it once tailed, and 
 that flie bad no other means to help her felfjbut only the nearnefs of the land and a number of loul- 
 du rs who from the camp were tun to the ftjore, with the lotTe only of thefhip all the paffengcrs 
 ccspcdtafe to land. 
 
 Thus the truce being doubtUfs broken with one wickednefs coming in the neck of another, £,<- 
 litu snd Fulvitu came in the very nick from^ow<r, together with the Carthaginian EmbaiTadors; 
 unto whom Sow, having given bis word, that though the Carthaginians hid not only broken the 
 faith and atTurance given ot the truce, but aUotbelaw of arms, in abufingand evillintreatingthe 
 perfonsot the Embaffadors, yet bim(elf would do nothing to them unworthy eitherthe order off^ 
 the people oiRome, or unfiling bis own maner and cullome,di!miffed the Etnbailadtirs, and msde 
 preparation for war, 
 
 V^htn jinmbal now approached theland of yy/r/fi^,oneof the mariaers was commsndcd to 
 climb up to the top of the maft to difcover the coaff, and to fee what part they were directed to : 
 and when he made antwer and faid, tbat tbe prow made bead upon a place called^ the Raiitntfe- 
 f^tlehre ; he mifliked tbe omen and prelagc of tbat place, and commended the pilot to patfc by, 
 and leave ii •• and lo he put his fleet within tbe bay of Leftu^ and there fet his army a fliorc. And 
 thefe were the affairs of v^/?<c;(^ {or tbat year. The ads enfuing, reach to that year, whersinM. 
 Strvilttu GemtKHi^ who then was General! of tbe horfe; and J". Clmdim Nero were made Con- 
 iiiis. But in the end ot that former year, when the Embailadors of tbe confederal Cities of Greece q 
 made complaints, that their territories were waflied by tbe Kings garrifons ,■ and when they tent 
 their EmbaiTadors '\n\.o MuceionUy for to demand (acisfaffioo and reftitution, they could not be 
 admiiteduoto the King, nor have audience: and moreover, they gave intelligencer that there 
 wcrcfonr thoufand armed fouldiers tranfported over into S^^(», under the condud of 80^4^^ r 
 to aid the Carthaginians.- and certain fummes of money Ukewife fent with tbem: tbeSenat 
 gavcordertbat Embadsdours (bould be addrefsed unto tbe King; to give bim to underftind, 
 
 lbs
 
 The thirtieth Bool^of T, Livius. 6\i 
 
 A thattheLL.ofcheSenat took all this to be done againft the tenure and form of the league. Sd 
 there were fentC. Terenttus yarro^Ln .ManUus-fiad M.Aurelms. And three gallies offivecourfe 
 of oars they were allowed. % 
 
 This wasa yeatoffpecialnote, for a great fcare- fire, whereby the publick cliffwas burnt to 
 afliesdown to the ground : alfo for much abundance of rain and many flouds, and exceeding 
 cheapnefs of viiituai. For befides that all Italy was open by reafon of a gener;!i peace throughout, 
 M.ValeriHsFalto^ and M,FabtmButeo-, i£diles of the chair,divided the great Hore of corn that 
 was fent put ot Spam^ among the people, fireet by Hreet, and let the price at 'four Affes the Mo- • Three pence 
 diuj. The fame year ^. F<!^/«//^/.-!.v/w«/departed this life, a man ot great years and exceeding Englifli, 
 old, it thac be true which fome writers report,thathewas Augur 42 jears. But certain it istha'c 
 ^he wasa manwonhy offogreat and honourable a fumame, yea, and if it had begun fini in him- 
 felt. He furpafled the dignities of his tather, he was equal in honor to his grand-father: RuUhs 
 his grand-father, I mult needs fay, had more titles of viftories, dndofgre<itcrbattails; but one 
 enemy of his, ^ww/Z-^/, may countervail them all, as many as they were. Howbeit, this man was 
 counted more wary and advifed, than hardy and forward : and as a man may well doubt whe- 
 ther by natural difpofuion he loved to take leifure in all his actions, or that it was a policy of his 
 agreeable to the wars properly then in hand; fo verily nothing is more certain than this, that as 
 the Poet En»ms faith : 
 
 This only man by wife delay y 
 I R'fior'd our fliite fiiU'nto d;cay. 
 
 Q His fon Q^ Tabius A-faxiwus was invelled or inlialled Augur in his place, and for Bifhop in his 
 room ('for two facerdotal dignities he had) Ser.Sulpitius Ga/ba was chofen. The Roman plaies 
 were exhibited one day, and the Plebeian Games thrice wholly renued by the .£diles Ad, Sextas 
 SabinHs,3iX)d Cn. i remdlius FLiccm. They both, were made Pretors', and with them C. LivtuiSA- s 
 
 ii»ator,zDd C. AiireltusCotta. Thefolemnelediion of the Magilk.its for that year, whether C». 
 S*>":^«7/«/ theConiulheld, or (becaufe of important bufinefs in rw/r-rw;, about the examinations 
 oftheconfpiraties there of certain great men,bycommiflionfrom theSenaiejwhi^h mightkeep 
 him there^ P.Su/pitias theDiitator by him nominated ; itisuncertain, by reafon of the variety 
 and difference of writers in that behalf. 
 
 In the beginning of theyear next following, M.ServUius and T.C/;W/«/i after they had affem- 
 ~j bled the Senat in the Capitol, moved concerning the Provinces. And for afmuch as both ot them 
 delired Ajfnck^^ they were willing that v^jfncj^and /t^/;,fliould be put to the choice of a Lot- 
 tery. But by theelpecial travail of O^Metellus, the Province oi Ajfrick^vus neither granted nor 
 denied to either of them. And the Confuls were commanded to deal with the Tribuns of the 
 Commons, that if they thought fo good, they would prefer a bill unto the people, to know 
 whom they would have to war in Affrtck,. So all the tribes in general gave their voices with P. 
 Scipio. Neverthelefs, the Confuls ^for lb the Senat had decreed before) caft lots for the Province 
 oi Affrtck^. Thus y^jfr/fi^^befell unto 7".C/<i.'W;«j, namely, that hefhouldfail over thither with an 
 armado of fifty fhips, all gallics offive ranks of oars, and be joyned in equal commiirion with 
 Scip.o. And M .Scrvtliiis had f/«>-«r/<i allotted unto him. In the fame Province C;^. Servilius alfo 
 was to continue in government, in cafe it pleafed the Senat to (fay the Conful in the City ,Of Pre- 
 £ tors, M, Sefliiis by lot had the rule oi Gallia^ with order, that P. OtiifHilius F.ir us.(hould make 
 over unto him the Province and two legions. And C. Livim took the charge of the Brutii with 
 the two legions, which the yearbefore were commanded by P. Semproniits the Vice -conful, Cw. 
 7"rfOTf//«j was appointed to govern SrW/r, and to receive of P.VdlusTappulus ihePretor ofthe 
 former year- that Province and two legions. And ordered it was,that Villus asPropretor,niould 
 keep in obedience and defend the coaft of S/e-./y with twenty fhips of war, and a thoufand foul- 
 diers ; and that from thence M. Powponius (honld in the twenty fhips behind embark one thou- 
 fand and five hundred fouidiers, and tranfport them over to Rome, Onto C. Aureliy.s Cotta was 
 the civil jurifdidtion ofthe City afHgned, All the relf continued Hill in their go vernmencand had 
 p their commiffions newly (igned, according as they had either provinces or armies und«r their 
 band. And with lixteen legions and no more, was the State of Rome that year maintained. Now 
 to the end they might feegin all enterpriles in the name ofthe Gods and proceed therein with 
 theirgraceand favour, o.der was given, that the Confuls before they went out to war, iliould' 
 fet fori h thofe games and p!aies;and facrifice thofe greater beal\s whichT^ M.v4ius'D\diix.or-^r\ the 
 yearthat Af.Cl.tudins M^rcctlus^^nd T, C,ii»t ins wcitConiwh^ promifed byfolemnvovv,incafe 
 the Common-weal continued for five years following, in the fame ^ood eftate as then it was. So 
 the games were exhibited in the great Cirque or fhew-placefour dales together,and thefacrifices 
 flain accordingly , as they were vowed to the Gods. 
 
 "But allthis while, as menshope.fo their fear alfo encreafed daily more and more,whilesthey 
 Q '• could not certainly refolve with themfelves,\vhether they had more caufe to rejoyce. that An- 
 *'«i/'rt/3:terfixtccn years had abandoned /f^j/y, and left the poflelfion thereof free unto the peo- 
 ''^pleof^o/wf ; or to be afraid, forthachehadpaffedoverintoAjfn'c^with thefafety ofhis ar- 
 " my. For why ? the place was only changed, and the danger all one. Andfurely ^. Fal^inshiQ 
 '' deceafed ,410 vain Prophet of fo great a peril and hazard,was wont to foretel,and this was ever 
 •'his fong. Thn ^«;»^rf/ would be a more dangerous enemy at home in his own country, th:!n 
 " hehad been abroad in a forrainLand. And Scipio (hould find, that he had to deal neither with 
 
 G g g " Syfhax
 
 6i % I'he thirtieth Boo\ ofT, Livius. 
 
 " Syfhax (Kingof arude^untaught, and barbarous country,who was woottolead armies offtaleH 
 " orooms, and little better than water-bearers and camp-flaves to keep one place, and not re- 
 " move) nc^ with yijdrnhal his father in law, a Captain of all others moft light of fooijand rea- 
 " dieft to run away-nor yet with tumultuary armies taken up in halt and raifed i"ucldainly5Confift- 
 " in" of arable ot rulHcal clowns and peafams armed by ihehalfs;but with ^w^/^^/jborninman- 
 " ner within the camp, yea, and in the royal pavillion of his father; a moft valiant Captain, bred 
 '* and brought up amongft armed men: who long ago was no fooner a child,but he was a fouldier, 
 " and before he cameto the prime and flower of youth, became a General: who growing to be 
 *■ old in a continual courfe and train of vidories, hath filled 5/)<»/« and France hom the onehde 
 <-^ to the other and /t^j/y from the Klpes to the narrow feas,wiih the marks and memorable monu- 
 ^' mentsof worthy and noble exploits ; andleadeth llillanarmyofas longftandingandcontinu- I 
 " ance in w arfare as himfelf, hardened and beaten to endure all thofe things which hardly one 
 would believe, men could abide and fuffer,embrued and bathed a thoufand times in the blood of 
 Romans, and carrying with him the fpoils not of common fouldiers only, butalfo of moft brave 
 Generals ihemfelves. Scipio(hou\d be fure to encounter and meet in battail thofe who with their 
 own hands had flain Pretors, and killed Confuls of Rome j all bedight and goodly to be feen in 
 mural and vallare coronet;,for their good fervice in Idling of walls,and mounting over rampiers; 
 thofe I fay who at their pleafure have ranged through the won camps and forced Cities of the 
 Romans. Neither at this day have the MagiHrats of the people of ^o?»<;fo manybundels of rods, 
 with axes born before them,as Aw»//'^/hath taken from theRomanGenerals whom he hath flain, 
 & can if he lift ftiew and carry before him.Cafting and tofling thefe doubts and fears in their mind, k 
 they themfelves encreafed their own care,and doubled their dread in this point alfo, that whereas 
 they were wont for certain years to make war in fight of home, in diverfe and fundry places of 
 /M/cwiih a lingring kind of hope.without regarding any iflue thereof like prefemly to enfue;now 
 Scipio andA«»/i-4/,Captains matched together(as one would fayjto make a final end & tryal of al, 
 hadfet all mens minds a work to exped the event now or never. And eventhey alfo who had re- 
 pofed exceeding confidence, and grounded no fmall hope of viftory in Sdpio, the more their fpi- 
 rits were amufed upon it,and dehrous to fee a fpeedy etfeft,the greater was their care and doubt 
 of the fequel. The Carthaginians lor all the world were likewife affected and difquieted in mind. 
 One whiles, beholding Annibal^ and conlidering his noble and worthy afts, they repented that 
 they fued for peace. Another while again, when they looked back and remembred, how twice L 
 they had been defeated in battail, S/p^^i-v flain.themfelves driven out of 5p4;»,chafed and hunted 
 out of /^r/jjond all this by the valor and policy of one man Sapo ; they trembled for fear of him, 
 as if he were the fatal Captain born for their ruin and utter deftruAion. 
 
 Now by this time was Anmbal comz as far as KdrumetHm ; from whence,after he had beftow- 
 ed fome few dayes in refrefhing his fea-fick fouldiers, he wasroufedwith fearful pofts that 
 brought news, how all about Canhaie was full of enemies and hoftility: whereupon he made 
 lonjj journies till he cameto Zama. This Zama is a Town diftant from C<Jrf/7<?^e five dayes jour- 
 ney*! From thence he fent out efpials, who being taken by the Roman warders, were brought be- 
 fore Snfio, and he caufed them to be delivered unto theTribunsorMarfhals, with command- 
 ment that theyfhould be led throughout the camp: a^d fuffered without alHear.to fee whatfo-j^ 
 ever they dehred. And when he had asked of them whether they had peruled and confidered 
 every thing to their content, and enough to ferve their turn ; he fenc them back again to Amibal^ 
 with a fafecondud to accompany them. Anntbal took no pleafure at all in hearing of any thing 
 that they reported: for (amongoiher particulars) they brought news that A/«a/<j»/jf.j chanced 
 that very day to come thither with fixthoufand foot and four thoufand horfe. But moft of all, 
 he was troubled and caft down with the refolut confidence and affurance of the enemy ; which 
 no doubt (he thought) arofe not of nothing. And therefore albeit himfelfwas the only cavife of 
 that war, and by his arrival had difturbed the truce concluded, and the hope of peaceable cove- 
 nants ; vet fuppofingjthat a more indifferent accord might be obtained, in cafe he fued there^'cre 
 while he was entire and unfoiled, rather than after he were vanquiflied and overcome; headdref- N 
 fed a mefl'enger or purfivant unto Sc/p/'^requefting that he might confer and commune with him. 
 Whether he did this of his own accord, or by dire^ftion from the publickCouncelof the State, I 
 havenorealonto fet down or avouch for certain, either the one or the other. Valerius Antias 
 \vriteth,Thathe was by Sc/;;/* defeated in the firftbattel,wherein were flain in field 12000 armed 
 men.and 1 7c o taken prifoners, whereupon himfelf in perfon came as Embaflador,with other ten 
 Orators into the camp unto %cipio. But howfoever it was, %cip\o refufed not to emparle ; and fo, 
 both Generals of purpofe advanced forward and approached with their camps, tothecndthey 
 might be neerer one to the other when they fliouldmeei in conference. Sdp/omade choice of a 
 plot of ground not far from the City Nadagara' which as it was handfome and meet in 
 other tefpccls, foei'peciaily in this, that it had a watering place within an arrow flior. Annibal (y 
 took an hill four miles from thence,fure enough and .. -uimodious otherwife, but only that they 
 The enter- ^'^'^^^ ^^'' ^''*^'" water. In the mid way between they ciiofe a plain, open on every fide,where they 
 view oisap'-o might difcovcr and fee all about them, that noarrbufli there were laid: and after they had caufed 
 tnd Annibd. their armed fouldiers to retire a like diftance from either party, then came together with one 
 iruch-manor interpreterapeece, not only the gteateft andbraveft Captains of their time,buc al- 
 fo equal to tie mightieft Kings or Emperors of realm or nation that ever had been afore them 
 
 in
 
 The thirtieth Boo\of T. Li vius, 6i 5 
 
 ■'ration 
 
 A in any age and remembrance of man. For awhile they Hood one beholding the other, and faid 
 never a word, ravirtied and alionied with a miicual admiration: and at lali A»w^.// began and 
 
 fpake in this wile,' *•' If the Gods by delHnies have fo appointed,that I who firlt levied war againlt The Or 
 
 '" theRotn.ms, and who fo often have hadthevidlory as it were in mine own hands, mult needs ot ^miiMK 
 
 " ofmy fe:f and mine own motion, come now firU likewil'e to fiie torpeace : glad 1 am and well Scifio. 
 
 " plealed,chatit ismy good hap to meet with you above all other men, at whofe hands I fliould 
 
 " feek the fame. And certainly, you alio for your part among many your lingular and excellent 
 
 ''praifes, may kore up this for none of the leaft, namely, That A««/7W (unto whom the Gods 
 
 " have vouchfafcd the upper-hand over 'tO many nobie Captains of the Komans)hath yeeldcd the 
 
 " bucklers, and .given place unto your felt i now that you have had the honor to end this war, 
 
 '■^ more notable and renowned at the firft for your lodes and overthrows than ours : andthac 
 
 '■' f )rtune (as it is talien om) hath made this i^rety fport with me, who at the beginning took 
 
 " arm; when your father was Coniul, gave him battaii firlt of all other Roman Generals, and am 
 
 *' now come unarmed unto his fon to crave peace. Verily much becter it had been ,and limply the 
 
 "verybeft-, that theGods had inlplred into our fore-fathers this mind, That both you mighc 
 
 '' have contented your felves with the Dominion o( ftd/j, and welikewife oihfnck^. Forfurely, 
 
 *' Sicly and S<ir^/«;V: both, are nothing luffiaent to make amends and fatisfa6tion,and it were but 
 
 *' only ot your part, in recompenfe of fo many brave fleets, fo many puilTant armies, and fomany 
 
 "nob.e Captains that ye have loll. But faults done and pa(f may well be blamed and reproved, 
 
 " when they can not be corredted and reformed. So greedy were we on both fides to conquer 
 
 Q " the Linds of others, that in the mean time we have hazarded ourown. Neither had ye war in 
 "/frf/coniy, or we again in Africk^zionz: but both ye have feen the cnfigns and armies of ene- 
 ' mi .s liard at your gates, and in manner under your o w.n Walls : and we likewife from Carthajre 
 " hi K c heard the noife and bruit of the Romancamp. Now then,that which we have canfe moft 
 " to detdt and abhor, and you to wifi-i above all other things in the world ; the treaty oi peace is 
 '• f.illen out in time of your better profperity, and more favourable a fpeifl of fortune unto you. 
 "• We again are the agents therein, whom it moft If andeth upon and importeth that there (hould 
 *' be peace; and who are afl'ured.vvhatfoever we concludcjthat the States and cities from whence 
 '' we come, will approve and ratifie the fame. There needs no more but a willing mind, well 
 " aftecf ed and enclined to thofe courfes which tend to repofe and quietnes. For mine own part, 
 
 j^ " one while age hath taught me, who dm returned an old man into my co«ntrey,from whence 
 "I came achild: another while profperity and adverhty both, hath fofchooled me, that I would 
 " now rather be ruled by reafon,than fwayed by fortune. But I fear me greatlyjthacyou as well^in 
 " regard o: youth, as alfo of your continual felicity and fortiJnat train of fuccefs, are over-hauty 
 " and (tout, for to yeeld unto any peaceable wayes. For commonly he fore-catfeth no variable 
 " chances, who never tafted of adverfe fortune. And thel'arheareyouatthisday,thatfometime5 
 *' I was at Thrafyme-aiii and at Cannds, 'You being hardly conle to that age which is meet for war- 
 " fervice, had the charge and command of an army : and look what enterprifes you took in hand 
 " moft venurou{]y,the fame you everexploited as happily. You purfued the vengeance of fathers 
 " and uncles death,and wan by the calamity of your houfe and family a notable name and reputa- 
 "tion offingular vertue and piety. Spain full and wholy you have recovered and conquered a- 
 
 E'^gain: four armies ot Carthaginians you have chafed from thence: no fooner were you created 
 " Conful, but when all other mens hearts failed them to defend and keep /fd/>', you failed never- 
 " theiefi hither over into Affrick ■ and after you had defeated here two armies, forced and burnt 
 '• in one hour two camps of your enemies, taken Syph.ix prifoner, a molf mighty and puiflanc 
 "Prince; wan fomany cities both of his Kingdom and of our dominion; you pulled me maugrc 
 *' my head out of It^Jjr, whereof I had been now fixteen years poflefled. Weil may your hauty 
 "mind affect viftory rather than incline to peace. Full welllknowof what fpirit and ftomack' ■ 
 *' you are, more refpeftive to grandeur and honor, than to yourgood and profit. And the time 
 "hath been, when T alfo had the lightfomecounienanceot fortune lovingly fmiling and fliining . 
 
 P '■'uponrac. And were we fobleffedofGod as to have our right wits and perfeil:fenfes in time of 
 " prolper'ity, we would confider and think not ofthings only wnich have hapned, but of thofe 
 ''•alfo that might happen. But if you fliould forget allother, I alone might terve as afufficient 
 " examples mirror ot accidents of fortune whatfoever. For, whom not long fince you either faw 
 " or might have feen encamped between the river --4;7/o and your City , and ready inmanner to 
 '' fcnlc the walls of Rowe-.yoa fee me now after the lofs of my brethren,two right valiant war. iors 
 " and mott renowned Generals, even here bcforethewallsofmycountrey little better than be- 
 " fieoedjmakmg means in humble m.innerio avert and avoid thofe dangers from mine own City, 
 " wirti which erewhilcs I terrified yours. Well, thegrcateff and happieft fortune is ieall to be 
 « tru(kd,and never is it worfc relying on her,than when flieis fo freeStbountitul.Now that you 
 
 Q " fiourifli and we fade, whiles you are aflotc and we fink;a peace,unto you that giveth it,is ?glo^ 
 •*• rious andf^nodly matter;to us that era v e it more neceffary than honorable. Better it is yet and 
 '' fr-'cr of the rw2in,toenjoy a certiinoeice, than hope for a doubtful vidlory. The onelieth in 
 "• voiir hand to effeit,the other ns ir pleafeth the Gods to difpofe. Beware iherefore,how in one 
 ■■^ our yon hazard the felicltv of fom.nyears.And as you confider your own ftrength &forces; 
 < I'Mliirk withal upon the power of fortune: fet before your eyes the alternative courfe of /J^^ir^ 
 *"- Iv. war. You Hiall fee armor and the edge of the fword; you (Kail fee the bodies of men as well of 
 
 Ggg2 one
 
 5i4 "^he thirtieth Boo\ ofT, Livius. 
 
 " one fide as the oiberacd no where lei's than in war do events anfwer to out hope and expeila- H 
 "tion. AndmakcfuUaccompt of this, that you fliall not gain fo much overplus Gt honor, (if 
 *' haply you fhould win a field) above that which by granting a peace you may prefently have in 
 ,. - '^ hard and be poffeffed of;as y ou fhall forgo and lole of the principal^in cafe you fliould do amifs 
 
 *' and take the foil.One hours misfortune is able to overturn allthe honors and triumphant tro- 
 " phees as wellpati & gotten already,as in future hope to be obtained. In knitting and concluding 
 "•a peace,0 ? ,CorneitHs-fi!i\ lieih in your power. Refule that once and come to the tryalof a bat- 
 **tai],you mull take your hap as God fhall appoict. If^.w<rt;/;«i in times paft being conqueror, 
 " would have "ranted peace unto our fore-tathers at their fuit and earnelf petitionja rare and hn- 
 <-'■ oular example had he afforded of vertue and felicity^and few comparable unto him: but not ha- 
 *' vin° the "race to fee when he was well i not able to fet a gagcto his profpericy in fome meafure \ 
 "and°in due time ; not willing to relkainand Hop the pride and hautinefs of his good fortune, 
 *' the hioher he was heaved,the fouler was his fall; and themore he mounted, the greater was his 
 *' overthrow. It is for him (I confefs) that giveih peate, to capitulat and fet down the covenants 
 '^ and conditionsjand not for him chat craveth the fame. And yet peradv enture we mightnotbe 
 *' thought unworthy, to fet upon our own heads a fine and forfeiture. We refufe not therefore 
 « but are content j That all fhall be yours,for which the quarrel and war firli began: Stcilj^ Sardi- 
 <■' yiia,Spai»,i\\ the Hands wh atfoever lying in the Sea between Jfrick^iod Italy. And we Cartha- 
 " "inians holdifig our felves endofed within the bounds and coalis of yifrtcl^fbnce the will and 
 " pleafureofGodisfo)canabidecofeeyou to rule and govern in forein lands and Ikangefeas. I 
 *' cannot deny, but that you have good cauletofufpeft the Carthaginians for their faith & truth, jf 
 "whole late defire of peace and attendance about the fame, was not fo plain and fimple asic 
 '■* fhould have been: Yet Scipio.,tikc this wiihal;That it importeth much to the affurance of kecp- 
 *' ing and obferv ing peace once intertained, to confider who the perfons be that feek and crave 
 " the fame. And even your own Senators and LL. of the Councel, as I hear fay, were moved not 
 '< a little to deny and rejeft the motion of peace, for this caufe, that our embaffie feemed unto 
 t'them not fo honorable as it ought to have been. But now I^even I.no wotle a man than Anm- 
 t' ^<i/,do fuefor peace; which as I would not feek,unlefs I thought it profitable; fo I will intertain 
 " it in regard of that profit for which I fought it. And like as when I had once begun the war, fo 
 *' long as the Gods impeached and envied me not,I maintained it fo,as no man ot ours had caufe 
 «' to be weary thereof : fo will I endeavour chat none {hall repent of the peace obtained by my l 
 The anfwer of « means. When Annibal had thus faid.che Roman General made anfwer again in this fort. *■• I 
 Scipio to Anni' « knew ful weli,0-/^»»»^<?/,that the Carthaginians upon the hope of your coming,have both di- 
 b*l, tc fturbedthe affurance of the prefent truce, and alfo troubled the hope of the future peace. Nei- 
 
 " ther do you your felf diffemble fo much,in defalking all out of the former conditions and capitu- 
 " lacions of peace, fave only thofe things which long fmce hav e been in our power and pofleOi- 
 « on. But as you haveagreat care,that your fellow citizens fhould know &percei»e,what heavy 
 '' burdens they are by your means difcharged attd eafed of ; even fo muft I endeavour and labour. 
 '' that the points which then they covenanted and agreed upon, they deduft not this day out of . 
 <' the articles and conditions of peace, for the hire and reward of their falfiiood and treachery. 
 *' For unworthy you are to have che overture and pofiibility of any peace at all, ye feek alfo, that w 
 " fraud and deceit may turn to your profit and commodity. Neither began our predeceffors firft 
 " to make war for 5/f//;', nor we fince for 5;)<i;>. Bucasthenthedanget wherein our allies che 
 " MamercinsHood ; fo now the ruin and deflruition oi Sa^untum-y moved usto takearmsmofb 
 *' juftly,even for pity andcompalTion. That you began the quarrel andprovokedus firft, your felf 
 " confefs.and the Gods do witnes; who,as in the forrnef warjthey granted and gave the iffue, ac- 
 ** cordin" to right,equity,and juftice: fo they do in this,and fo they ever will. For mine one part, 
 ■ «' J remember well,and think upon the frailty ofmankind,andthetickIifhnesofthisworld:Icon- 
 "fider alfo the power of fortune and what fheis able to do: I know likewife,that all our anions 
 " whatfoever,are fubjeft to a ihoufand hazards and inconveniences.But as I would acknowledge 
 " my felf to have dealt proudly and outragioufly, if before I paffed over into Afrkk^ , when of N 
 " your fell well nigh you abandoned /^Z/jWhen you had imbarked your army, and came of your 
 " own accord to feek peace,! had then rejefled you and cafl you off: even fo at this time,vyhen I 
 " have haled and drawn you into Jfrickby flrong arm, as it were to trie an iffue in law (all the 
 " hafting.all the (hifting and refiftance you could make to the contrary notwithftanding) I am noc 
 '' bound to have any refpetSfiveregard at all of you. Wherefore,ifbefidcs thofe points and capitu- 
 " lations.under which the peace at that time was like to be concluded (and what thofe were you 
 '* know as well as I can tell you) you bring with you any recompence and amends forourfhips, 
 '^" which being charged with viilual and munition,you took perforce from us in timeoftheceffa- 
 '' tion of arms;as alfo for the outrage and violence committed upon the perfons of our Embaffa- 
 '' dors;thcre is lomereafon that I fhould confider thereupon and bead viled by myCouocel. ButQ 
 *' if you think hardly thereofall'o,asbeingthereby too fore preffed;look for battel,you that could 
 " not like of repofe;provide for war.fince you would abide no peace.Thus vvithouc any conclufi- 
 on of accord they leftparling;& being returned to their own companies, they related unto them, 
 how their conference came to nothing,and all their words were but wind,and did no good: and 
 ihereforethematcerwas to be determined and tried bydintoffwoid,andtheytoiruff to that for- 
 tune which the Gods had appointed for them. Sofoonasthey were come into their camps,both 
 
 of
 
 Tb^ thirtieth Boo\^ofT XjWwxs^ 6\k 
 
 fi <'otthemma(k prockmation, thac the fouldiersfliould buckle themlelves, make ready their af- 
 " mour plu^k up iheir rpirks, and addrefs themfelves to a hnaltryal of t he quarrel ; where,it they 
 "fped well, they were to be vidours:not foroneday,l)utforeverand aye. For before the mor- 
 *' row next at night they fhouldknow,whether Affwc orC.i^/j.i'^tflioulti ^ive laws unto all nati- 
 "ons of the earth. And as neither y^jfnckjDCi Jtah.hmibc wholeworldlTiallbe the prize and 
 '' guerdoDof theconqiierors ; (o they, whole hap vvereio lofc thefieldmiili make account of dan- 
 "ger and damageequal to the winnings and gain of the other. I eras the Romans had no way 
 toelcape nor plaeotfaic retreat, being inalirange and unknown land ; fo C.rthu^e (hi\il^o laid 
 all upon this one t alt) ifihey row milkd,madeaccompt that all was gone,3udprelenc delkutftion 
 at hand. So the next day there advanced forward to this doubtiul and dangerous tr^aljtwo molt 
 g noble and renowned Cipiains, ot two light mighty and piiilVant (iates : two mo(i valiant and 
 hardy armies came forth into the held.refouite that day either to win the I'purs oriole theladdie; 
 to gain more glory to their tormerh'.nour, or eile to lofe all that ever they had gotten. Thus 
 cheretoie between hope and fear.their minds Were perplexed and diliratSled ; and beholding one 
 wbilethcirown lories, and another while their enemies power ;meafuringrather by their eye, 
 than weighing by realontheitiirength, they had at omeprefented unto i hem objei^ls of joy and 
 content, as weil as otforrowand heavinels. And look what thefouldiersthemlelves could not 
 think upon,thoe things their leaders puc them in mind of;lupge(lir.gunto them by way of admo- 
 nition and pKhort.uion,whitioever was thought expedient and good. -^w-'./Wrehearled his no- 
 ble adls atchitved in //rVy for the fpace of lixteen years, he reckoned up how many Roman Cap- 
 Q tains he had llain,how mtny armies he had defeated and put to (he fwordrandever as he met with 
 any fouldiersot note and mark for lome worthy and memorable b.ut.nl, fie put them inremem- 
 bran.e of their honourable icrvice and good dei'erts : ^cjp/o rel.ned iheconquelf ot5p.7«,recoun- 
 ted chefrefli foiignten fields in >4^r/cj(:.,alledged the very con'.'elVionol'tlie enemic^; who neither 
 for fenr lould do other but feek for peace, nor yet upon an inbred tjifliood imprinted in their 
 hearts, . onnnuelong in the fame. Behdes,he inferred the ccmmiini.acioti and fpeech ot A;r,j;l>al 
 had wif^ nmm iettetand apart from others: whi^li according as he was difpofed tode'. ife, he 
 might turn at his piCTlure tonthispurpofc. AndforafmudinstheCjodshad fliewcd unto them as 
 rhey went not into che held the fame ligns and tokens of bitds,bydiredion whereot their fathers 
 before them fought in times palt before the Hands ty^x^tes ; he ofled and ^reCiged that the war 
 -. was come to an end ,.ill dangers and troubles overblown,thatthe fpoil and pillage olCfirf/^i^^f was 
 at their devotion, and they at the point to return home unto their countrey,their parents,wives , 
 childrcD,and domehi *' Gods. And this he ipake with fiuh a lofty geliure of his body, with fo 
 plcalant ind lovely a countenaoLe withal, that a man who had feen him, would have thought 
 veriiy he had atthiewcdthcvidory already. Then heembattaiiedfirlf his Half3ti(orfpears) in the 
 vanguard behind themthe Principes; andtherereward heguatded and fortified with the Triarii. 
 Neither marfiialled he whole cohorts thruft thick and dole together, in the head ofthebatcail 
 before their enhi^n--, but divided them into Squadrons, diltant aprety way afunder one from the 
 other: to the end there might be room and fpace to receive iheElephanrs of the enemie<:, that 
 they fhouui not break the arraies and ranks. As forL<e//«j (whom he had emploied before as 
 £Lientenint,but that year In qn.ility ofa Q^ieHor by a I'peLial order and diredf ion from tfieSenat, 
 and not by choice f.f lot)him with the Italian Cavalry he put in the left point ;and Mafaniff.i vvith 
 the Numidian horfemen in the right. The open waics and void fpices between theSquadrons 
 atorefaid.phvcd in the tront before the enligns, he filled with the Velites or lavelotiers, who at 
 that time were light armed fouldiers ; with this commandment, that preiently upon the vpolenc 
 charge given by the Eiephants^they fliould either retire behind the files, or elfc run to a fide,both 
 on the right handandtheleft,and joynclofeto the formolf ranks, and make the Elephants way to 
 run upon their Hi ot trom the one i-.deand the other. ^/j>j/Y>.=:/ to (irlke a tcrrour into the enemies, 
 firrt arranged the Elephants in the iront. who werein number fonr-f. ore, and more than ever he 
 had before in anybaitail.Thcnhe embattailed the aid- fouldiers oftheLiguriansandFrenchmer, 
 p with the Baleareflingersind che Mores intermingled among!! them. Intbcmainbattail he placed 
 the Carthaginians and Athi.ans.with the legion of the Macedonians: behind whom (leaving a 
 little fpace between j he fet in array the battalion of the Italian fouldiers in the rereward for fnc- 
 cour': and thofe were mo(f part of them Brutii; whofollowed him more perforce and by con- 
 (fralnt, than of any good will, when he departed out of /; '/r. TheCava'ry alfo hedilplaiedand 
 Iped round like wings about the two points: whereof the Carthaginians kept the right, and the 
 Numidians the left. Sundry and divers were the exhortations throughout the army, amongli fo 
 many men; whoic language was diffonant, whofe complexions far unlike, vvhofemanners and 
 conditions were divers,who differed in laws and cudoms whole armours were not alonevvhofe 
 laim-nt and apparel not futab;e,and finally, whofe quarrel andcaufe of war was not one and the 
 p fame. The auxiliaries and aid-fouldiersfedihcmi'elvcs withthe hopeof ready and prefent pay- 
 ment and wages for the time part, yea, and with a duple and triple aut'mentat ion thereof to boor, 
 out of the fpoil and pillage. TheErenchmen upon a fpecial hatred of their own, and the lame 
 deepyfetied, were foon kindled and enflamedagainfl the Romans. TheLigurians- whowere 
 brought out o' the rough and craggy mountains. and whofe teeth watered zr. the fruitful and plen- 
 teous fieldsof/t^/y. were quickly by him movedio hopeafter viffory.The Mnr.-s ind Numidian? 
 hetiighted with the proud and tyrannical talc of Mafayiifa,utidci which they iTiould ever .'iter 
 \.. t}gg 3 hve.
 
 £j5 7 he thirtieth BooJ\^ o/T.Livius. 
 
 live. Before the Carthaginians heprefemed the walls of their native City, their houfes and houfe H 
 Gods,tne fepukhres and tombs oi their ancchors, their ihiidren ardpirtrts, yea, and their ti- 
 inorous-and featfui wives: he fet before their eyes either hnai delhudtioncf ^11 thole things and 
 flavery of their perfons, or elfc the empire and loverai^ndcminicns of the v\hole woiid: andno 
 meanbetweenthefe extremities either of tear or hope. 
 
 When as the General v\asmoh buhethus in exhorting the Carth'.oinians and the Captains of 
 ihelkanoers, smonolf the louidiers of their own Naiions,and tliatlorihemo:'. pan by means of 
 interpreters, iniermiDgied tor the fame piirpole with them -the I rumpctsloiindtd,ard the horns 
 hew trom the Roman hoif. And fuch a wonderlul fh(.utarole trom thtn:e, that the E.ephants 
 turned npon the Mores and Numidians oftheirowni-.de, efpeuaily in the left point of the bat- 
 tail. Whom -/*^/.J«'j(f< feemgomc affrighted, he foon redoubled their fear; and riding upon I 
 them with a hot <.harge. laid naked the battaillon of tootmenon that I demand clean without the 
 aid of their Civ airy. Howbeic, fome few of the Elephants driven without fear full upon the 
 enemy, mjde foul work among the rank< of the light armed Vciites, and overthrew a number 
 ofthem, not without many a wound and much hurt done to themfehes. For the Velites lea- 
 P'no ^ijain nimbly to the Squadrons, after they had made way tor the beafts, fearing they fliould 
 Kimden underfoot by them, let flie their javelins ai ttiemtrom both (ides, lying open as they 
 did .ikebuts to the 111 ot on either hand. Neither lolt they any.time. who were in the vanguard 
 betorethe Enfigns. nor gave over flinging their darts at thecn, until they were driven by a vol- 
 ley of fliot lighting upon them from ail parts, dean out of the Roman battail: andthenthey 
 turned head alio upon the very Hor:emet5 of'the Carthaginians in their own right point and for- K 
 ced them to runaway. I-<e/«/ for his part, leeingte enemies mdifsrray and tore tronb ed, 
 chuoed upon them with hi^Horles, and encreatdtticir fright.. So as now the Carthaginian 
 batiaihon wjsdisiurniflied and (iript ottheirHorKOienon hotti wings. By whichtime the Ca- 
 valry joyncd baitail, whole hope was now quailed and titength abated, and therefore notable 
 to make their pirts good. Behdes another thing therewas, a imaumatter tol'peak of but yet 
 in fighting-time and in the very conflid, of greatton^equenie and importance, The lliout and 
 cry from the Romans was ever alike and tonfonantinal. pares, and theieio.e the greater and 
 more terrible; but the enemies made dilionantnoi.es, according a<: they ditfered in language, 
 being as they were of many and lundry Nations. Themanncr ot the Romans tight was fure 
 and Hedfaft, by reafon otthepeife oftheir own bodies, ard the weight of their armour, bearing j^ 
 ilill a d prelTinghard upon theenemies: but they on the other fide, flic wed more fwit'tnelsand 
 aoility than force and violence. And therefore at the very tirliflio! k the Romars incontinent- 
 ly enfor ed their battaillon lo retire and lofe their grornd. Afterward they tell lo ('houldering 
 and knocking them with the pikes and holies of their bu.klers •• whi^h done, they let foot for-/ 
 ward a ^ood round pa'.e,ard gained fome ground ofthem, mar«.hingon Hill. and no m..nfcemed 
 to make head againll them ; whiles they that were hindmolUn the files, perceiungon.e that 
 battaillon to go on and win ground, (till put forward the formoll, whi-h was the very thing 
 that availed much, and was of great effi.acy to put theenemies to flight. But the fecond bat- 
 taillon whii-h conl-lied of AffKan?, and Carih<)ginians were lo far trom fee ordirg and uphol- 
 ding the auxiii.iry ftr ngcr.> ihus dil'maich ng ; ihatcortr.2ry-wire, for fe-rie(l the Romans by %« 
 killing them in thefo'efronc (who Hood to it lufiiiy and made rehftancc) fhould 'omeas far as 
 to them behind, they like wife retired and gave backward. Whereupon the aid-lbuldiers alio fud- 
 d.rinly fhewed their hin-parts and turning their face upon their own fellows : lome ofthem reti- 
 red for re'uge into tnefecond battaillon; others fell to killing otrhem thar would not receive 
 them within their r'nk.^ :and good reafon they had, for as a while before they had nohe'pat all of 
 them, lo then thcv werealtogtthercx' luded ard fliut out from them. So a? now tht Carthagini- 
 ans had todeal atone in two skirmiflie- Oirffled togetherwhilesihey we; e compelled to clofe 
 and come to handfight both with their enemies, and alio with their own fellows. Yet notwith- 
 Ilanding tor jllthey vvere either lo affrighted or foarf-ry with them receivethem they would not 
 in no h?rd into their butaillon but keeping their ranks and files clofetogeihetjthey cart them tojj 
 fide to the wings and the void ground without the place of corfli^^, and all becaule they would 
 not intermingle any Ibuldiers thus feared uponrunnirg away and mny wounds, with that bat- 
 taillon v\hich flood flillfure enough, and asyet unfoiled. But the place where a little before the 
 auxiliaries were ranged, was fo lull offlain bodies. and weapons and armour thrumbled oneupoti 
 another. th.it the Romans had welneer more ado to pal's that way now, than they fhould have 
 had through the pnls o* the enemies Handing thi.k together. And therefore the formoft of the 
 Haflaii tollovvirg after theenemies every one as well as be could over the heaps ot bodies and ar- 
 mour on thee.'rth, and through theflippery filth of the bloud, made a pelmell oftheir own en- 
 ligns,and confufion o'" their tanks. Whereirpon tbeenrign<; alio of the Print ipes began to wave,' 
 when they faw the battail a'ore them fo wandering and inconftant. Which 5a/)/o when he q 
 one perceived, comm-.nded in all haft to found the rare at untotheHaftati: and when he 
 hsd wirhd awn as many of t-iem as were wounded and hurt, and heftowed them intherere- 
 ward he brought thePrincipes and the Triariito the out-wings and flanks thereof; to the end, 
 that the middle bittaillon of the Haftati fhould be more fure and flrong. Bythis means there 
 began a new skirmifh. For now were they come to their very enemies indeed ; fuch asfor ar- 
 mour and weapons of all forts, for pradtifc and experience of warfare, for fame and renown of 
 
 worthy
 
 The thirtieth Boo\ of T»LWms» ^17 
 
 ^ worthy exploits, and laft cfali for greatnefs either of hope or peril, were equal and comparable 
 unto them. But both in number and alio in courage,the Romans were luperiour^for that already 
 they had difcomhccd the C3valry,pui to flight the Eiephancs^beaten back the vanguard.and were 
 ready now co encounter with the main batcail.Now Laiiuj and AJafumjfa having had thehorfe- 
 men in chafe a good way, whom they had compelled to flieas isbeforcfaid, returned in good 
 time,andcharged hotly upon the tail ot the enemies battail. And this aflauit of theirs it was>thac 
 flruck the Ilroke,this did the deed and amazed the enemies. Many ot them were environed and AmihiilMeii 
 killed in the place many fled and were fcattered over the plains and open fields, and by the horfe- led by s«pio. 
 men who had taken up all the avenues, and ranged all about, were caught up here and chere, and 
 roflain. of Carthaginians and their Allies, were killed that day above twenty [ho'i:fand, and 
 g welneer as many taken prifoners: of military endgns there were gotten a hundred thirty ihree,and 
 eleven Elephants behdes. alive- Of the conquerors there died about two thouf.ind. ^/w.^rt/with 
 fome few horicmen made fliift to efcape out of the tumult and heat of the execution, and fled to 
 ' -^^r;*we;;f«w,having aflaicd and tried all means poflible,both in the very conflidV, and alio be- » _ 
 fore the battail, ere he departed and left the fighr. And thispraife aud commendation he won um t^^Mx- 
 .even by checon'.eflionofSf<p;(? himfelf, and all others that were expert warriors, that withlingu- chomna,\z- 
 lar skill that day he ordered the battel>and marilialled the held. For the Elephants he had placed cording to 
 "in the forefront, whole adventurous force and intolkrabie violence in giving the onfet, might ^.tnuou 
 empeach the Romans from following their coiours, and keeping their arraies ; the only thing 
 wherein they repoled their greatelt hope and confidence. Then, before the main battail of the 
 Q Carthaginians,he fet the auxiliaries and aid-fouldiers,of purpofe, that being a confufed rable and 
 medley of all forts of nations, fuch as were not boundbyalleageance, but tied only by gain and 
 wages,fliouldhave no liberty to retire themlelves, and efcape by runningaway : who alio, as the 
 forlorn hope, bearing the furious heat of the firll brunt, might weary the enemies with charging 
 upon them, and it they did no other good, yet with receiving many a wound in their bodies dull 
 and turn the edge of the enemies fword. After this,in the bHtel,where all his hcpe was^he placed 
 the Carthaginian and African fouldiersi that being othcrwile in all things elfe equal co the ene- 
 mies, they might in this regard have the ods, in that they were to fight with them wearied and 
 wounded,when they themlelves were in heart and lulfy. As tor the Italians, who alio were divi- 
 ded from therelt by agoodfpace between.heremovedfar off into the rereward, as doubtful whe- 
 P^ ther they were friends or enemies. A»rnbalhz\\ao done thif d<pughty deed and work, as it were 
 tor the laft proof of his vertue and valour, fled to AirumetHmy and was from thence fent for to 
 C^.riha^e'. whither he returned in the 56 year, after that he firif departed thence a very child. 
 Where in the Councel houfe he contefled and faid, " That overcome he was not only in a battel 
 " once,but aifo in the main war forever hereafter: protefling in plain terms, that now there was 
 " no other way but one to fave themlelves, and that was peace, if they could obtain it, 
 
 5c7/);oimmcdi3tly alter this battail, having forced by aflault and rifled the enemies camp, re- 
 turned with a huge booty to the Sea and his fliips, being advertifed atore by a meflenger that 
 ?.£,!;«;;//«■-( was arrived at %/r^ with five fliips of war, and a hundred Hulks laden with provifion 
 of all kinds of vidual. And fuppofing it good policy now that C/^^rf/ir'Tf was troubled and 
 c throughly affrighted, to come upon xhem with all terrour on every fide : fofoonashehaddif- 
 patched LxZ/cMawayio iSowf, with tidings ofthis viilory, he commanded C«. 0^<«w;/j to lead 
 the legions by Land againfl C-'rth.z^e. Himfelf in proper perfon,atcerhehad joined this new fleet 
 of Lwt«////,untothc old Atmado ofhis own, weighed anchor and departed from%;«,and failed 
 diredly co the Haven of drr^*?^;'. He was not far from thence, when there met him a fliip of 
 the Carthaginians, garnifhed withinfules, ribbands, and whiteflags ofpeace, and befet with 
 branches of Olive ; wherein were ten Orators embarked, the beli men of the City, lent by the ad- 
 vice and motion of A>>>:thd to crave peace. Who as they approached the bin-deck and poop of 
 the Admiral fliip, put forth the vails and tokens of luppliants, praying and befeeching the pro- 
 tccfion and mercy of iV/;)/5. Who had no other anfwcr made them, but that they fliould repair 
 r-ioTunes, whither he intended to remove. Then himfelf at'ter he had well viewed thehtuationof 
 Citrthage-, not fo much tohave the full knowledge thereof atthis prefent, as to terrific the ene- 
 mies, returned to /^nc.r, whither he had called back Ot74s;/«alfo. As he marched forward frotn 
 thencctoward Times, he had intelligence given him, that ftim.h.-A thefonof 5)^W wascoming 
 to aid the Carthaginians with a power of more Horfemen than Footmen: whereupon, part of 
 the army together with the whole Cavalry was lent: whereof the light hor:e and van-curriers 
 chargingthe vanguard in their march, after a light skirmifli difcomfited theNumidians:and ha- 
 ving flopped all pjflages every way with the Horfemen, fo astheycou'.dnot gecout andflie, 
 there were upon a fifteen thoufand mcnofthem flain, izoo taken prifoners, ijooNumidian 
 Horfes alfo were gotten from them alive-and 7 2 military cnfigns.The young Prince himfelf in the 
 Q mids of the tumulc and conni61:, withfome few efcaped.Then encamped Saplo neer Tunes^ in the 
 fame place where he lay before: and thither repaired unto him thirty Embafladors from C^r- 
 th^ge. And they verily . as they were in harder ca!"e and greater diflrefs, made much more pitiful 
 entreating than before ; but in their audience found lefs favour and mercy by a great deal for theic 
 late treachery and falfliood fo frefh in remembrance. Now albeit when they wei^ fet in counfel, 
 all of them had juft caufe to be angry, and thereupon were provoked to deflroy & rafe Carthage .- 
 yet upon better advifcment and confideration, how great and difficult and cnterprife, and what a 
 
 long
 
 ^jg The thirtieth Boo\^ofT.Lrms, 
 
 long peece of fervice it was ro befiegc a City fo flrong and fo well fortified : and for that SctpioH 
 himfelf was troubled in micd with the expeftation of a fucceffourjwbo fhould come to win the 
 credit and honor o'^finifhing the war,whichirdeed was gotten by the travail and hazard ofano- 
 ther all their hearts were turned and enclined to peace. The morrow after the Orators were cal- 
 led aaain before them; and after they had been well checked, rebuked, and plainly told of their 
 treachery and warned withal,that after fo many loffes and overthrows which they had received, 
 they {hould now learn to be wife, and at length believe that there were Gods in Heaven, and 
 thatanoath wasto be regarded, thefeconditionsof peace were tendered and offered untotbem. 
 JrHpriyni<.\i was capitulaiedjhat they might live free,accordingto the form of their own Laws : 
 /f^^,What Citiejjwhat territories (and within what bourids and limits j they held and were pof- 
 fefledofbeforethe war began, the fame they might keep IHU. //fw,Th at ^r/p/o and the Romans I 
 from that day forward fhould not waft andfpoilihecountrey. hew. That the Carthaginians 
 fhould deliver all renegate traitors, all fugitive perfons, all captives and ptifoners, yea, and yeeld 
 imto them all fhips of war with brafen heads, above ten triremes or gallies of three ranks of oars. 
 Jtew That they (hould put into their hands all thofe Elephants which they had already tamed 
 and marned and fl-iould break and tame no more of them, /t^w. They fhouldmake war neither 
 in Jfricki POf without ^frkk. , but by order and warrant from the people of Rome. That 
 thev fhouid make reftitutionand amends to i^.ipj»/j!f)^ for all harms, and enter into league with 
 him Fteni'Jhzz they fhouid find corn and money for the maintenance of the aid-fouldiers until 
 their Embaffadors were returned from Rome : yea, and tender payment of tenthoufand talents of 
 filver by even portions in fifty years. Item-, That they fhouid put in a hundred hoffages at the K 
 pleafure of 5c/p'o and noneofthem to beeither under fourteen years ot age or abovethirty. Laft 
 of all, thev would grant atruce uponthis condition, That the fhips which were taken duringthe 
 time of the former ceffation of arms fhouid be reftored back again, with all things e4fe that were 
 therein: otherwife no truce for the prefenr,nor hope of peace hereafter. Thefe articles and con- 
 dition? the Embafladors were willed to return home withal. Which after they had related in the 
 ceneral aflembly of the people, G'fi^o mounced up the pulpit to diffwjde peace, and had audience 
 oiven him with sreat applaufeof the multitude ; who as thev were heartlefs and unmeet for war» 
 fo they were as peevifli and unruly and could not long continue in repofe, Herear, /tnnihaltobV. ■ 
 oreit indignation, and was highly difpleafed, that infuchatime, thofeth'ngs (^ould eiiherbe 
 delivered or heard; and hemadenomoreado,but ftepped to G'/foJaid hand upon him.and pul- L 
 led him down from the pue out of which hefpake: whereat the people were moved and grum- 
 bled in orent difconrert to fee fo ftrange a fight and unufual in a free City. Then Anmbal, as he 
 was a meer m^rtijil man and '■ould not skillofcivil affairs.nor well away with thefe citizens liber- 
 ty. 'Twent. quoth he. from you when 1 wasbutnine year'' old, and now after ^6 years 1 am' 
 "cnmeasain. All military skill and knowledge, which fortune fometimein my private matters, 
 " and orherwhilcsinpubltik affairs, hath taught me from my chi!dhood,me thinks I have leam- 
 *■'■ edfuPfi' ient'y : mary tor the right*; and priviledgc; forthelaws cuOomes andfafhionsof the 
 " City and the common Hall Imuft be informed ardindrnftedby you. Thus haxing pleaded ig- 
 norance ("or hi"; px:ufe,he diftourredat large ofpe,ire,arfuip? how reafonahle and equal, yea and 
 hownecefl'jry it wa^, Thegreateft point ofdiffirukvin all rhe capitulations minifl red unto them M 
 was this, That touching the things abovefaid whith were taken during the abflinence of arms, 
 there was nothing now forth-coming and to be feenbm the bare veflels ; and no eafy matter was 
 ittofeek up the reft. Now when a? they thatgainfaid the peace were convinced and put down 
 by reafon, agreed it was, that the fhips (bonld be redelivered, and the men likewife be fought 
 out and found: asfor all the reft that was wanting there fhouid an eftimate be made according 
 to the value, at the difcretion of Scipio, and fo the Canhaginians to make all goodjn money. 
 Wfiters there be that have delivered, h'^w y/w-j/^.i/prefently from the field fped him to Sea and 
 there finding a fhip ready prepared *or him, ftreight-wayes embarked and went dire(^ly to King 
 Anthrhw : Alfo, when 5r/p7(7 demanded above all other things that ^^ »»/^^/ fhouid be ycelded 
 jmohishands, anfwer was made, xhn yf»>7if'al v/3s nor. in A frick.. After that the Embafla-N 
 dors were returned to Scipio. the Queftors or Treafurers were commanded to draw an extra£^ ac- 
 cording to their books upon record* of all fuch things as were in the fhips, and appertained to 
 the City : and look what belonged ro private perfons. the owners thereof were willed to declare 
 and teftify. In confideration and recompenfe whereof, there was a fum of money fetdown, 
 amounting to 25000 pound weight of fiber, and the fame to be paid prefently out of hand by 
 the Carthaginians. Thu« a truce was granted to them forthree moneths : with this daufe annexed 
 over and b^fides, That dming the faid term they fhouid fend their Fmbaffadors to no other 
 place hut r.nly to R^me : and what Embaffadors foevcr came ro Cartha^e^ihey fhouid not let thetn 
 depnt before thev h^d certified the Roman General brith who they were, and what theirmeflage 
 and eirand was. Ther wirhthe Carthaginian EmbafTador? were fent to Rome,L. Veturius Philo-,0 
 M. M,vrtiip Ta'Iu and /■-, ,?<-/t)/o, brother to the General. Ar that time there came fuch fiore of 
 grain and vidtuals our of S-Vf/v and Sa^di>tia, and rherehy corn was fo cheap, that the Merchaoc 
 wasfainto leave corn behind him 10 fatisfie the fliipmen and marriners for the portage andcar- 
 riaee thereof. • 
 
 Now there had been mut h trouWe and fear at Rowe upon the flrfl news and al'arm, that tbe 
 Carthsginians had takenarms again; and T"rC/4;<//«/had commiflion tocondnft afleetwithall 
 
 .^^ 'peed
 
 The tbirtietb Boo{ of T. Li vius. 61 9 
 
 ^ fpeed into Skilj^fiXiA from thence to pafs over into j4jfrtckj likewife the other Conful was com- 
 manded to ftayrtiU at Aowe, until ic were certainly known in what terms all matters Hood in 
 -Ajfrtck,, But J .CtctHdtfu went but (lowly to work either in preparing and rigf^ingan armado^ot 
 in putting it tofea; becauietheLL. oftheSenatwereot opinion, that as touching thepea>.e and 
 the conditions thereof, it was rather at the diipol.tion oiScifw than of the Conlul. Moreover, 
 there were certain prodigious figns reported even prelently before the very rumour of the lore- 
 faid riling and infurreilion, which caufed m^n to tear greatly. At C«wt.'i,the circle and compafs of 
 the fun appeared lefs.' and it rained a goodlliower ot hones, Alfo in the territory ofFc'//Vre, the 
 earth fetled and fuDk,and made huge hollow chinks,in lo much as trees were quite fwallowed up 
 under the ground. At Artcia the market-place and the fhops all about, likewifeat Frtsfmo the 
 
 B wall of the City in divers placesjyeajand the gate, v\ere fmittcii with lightning from heaven : and 
 in mount Palatine it rained Hones. This vvc-ndrous light iail rehearfcd, was expiate after the an- 
 cient culiome, by keeping a Novendial facrifice and feali for nine dayes; the reft by killing of 
 greater facrifices. Among all^there were unufaal deluges and inundations of waters, which trou- 
 bled the minds and confciences of men: for th£ Tyber io fwelled and rofe fo high, that by reafon 
 that the (hew-placeof the Circus was overflown, preparation was made for the fetting forth of 
 the games ^^9//.».iriJ, without the gaieCc//;^^, neer the chappelof A^.v/;/^ Erycm.!. But upon the 
 very diy when the plaies fbould be exhibited, it grew to be lo fair weather of a fuddainjthat the 
 pageant and pompous train of the Hiew, which wasa going to the gate Colli>}.i-,\yi% called back and 
 conveied into the Ctrcus \ and word brought, that the water was fallen and gone clean out trom 
 
 C thence: lb the people weremore joyous,andthe paftimes celebrated with greater relott,for that 
 the ufual and ordinary place ferved again for the folemnity to be performed, 
 
 CLitidtM the Conful at iaft departed from the City of ^»wf ,and went to fea;where between the 
 havens of Cojfa Aod Laurel un), he was overtaken with a terrible and fearful tempeft chat arofe 
 and put him in exceeding fear. From thence became to the Popido^it^ and there (taied until the 
 temped was overblown and gone. Then he fell with the lie * Una., and from I/ua he failed toCor- * ElbtC 
 pea, and from CoryTiT;* he pafled over to S,tr^;»/^; where-as he doubled the point and was paffing 
 the race ofthe mountains called * Infant-, there arofeafarmore cruel guft, and in places of more »Miinotiiens, 
 peril and hazard, which fcattered the fleet. Many of the fbips were weather beaten and fore f "w"!/ ^***'" 
 fliaken, many loft their tackling quite, yea, and i'ome were crackt and fplit. Thus the Armado be- '' " "^'*' 
 
 [) ingmuch tolled and torn, arrived at length at Cardes; where, whiles the fhips were drawn up 
 into the dock to drie Land,and there a repairing, the winter came upon them, and the year tur- 
 ned about. And fo T. CLwdtm (as a private perfon, by reafon that no man renevyed his commif- 
 lion for a farther time){brought the Armado back to Rome. But M. ScrvHius-, becaufe he(Qiould 
 not be called home to the City for the folemneledion ofMagiftrats, after he had declared Difta- 
 tor Cn. Servthus C;fw«>»/, departed into his Province, And the Diftator chofe P. t/^liusPetni 
 General of the Worfemen. Oftentimes went the writs outforpublifhingof theele£lion,but by 
 reafon o'tempcfts it held not, nor was performed. And therefore when the old Magiflrats left 
 their offi.e after the Ides of M^irch-, and no new fubftituted in their room the City was clean 
 without any Magiftrats of ftate to fit in the ivory chair, L.Mardms TorqitMus a Bifliopjthstyear 
 
 gdied. In his p. ace was invefted C. S-lpnius Ga'b.'. The Romangames were thrice exhibited a- 
 new by L. Lid^im LhcuUhs and j^ F uhim ,£,d'\[G.s of the chair. The Clarks and Scribes belon- i 
 
 ging to the .idiles, together with their beadles and fummoners, were detefled for carrying forth 
 certain money out of the treafure and chamber ofthe City : and being thereof convi(5fed, were 
 therefore condemned, not without fome touch and difcredit of LmchUhs himfelf the ^Edile. P. 
 &I1HS Tubero and L.Ltclonus ^Edilts ofthe commons, for that there wag fome error and default 
 in their eleflion, refigncd up their places, after they hadreprefented theplayes, and in regard 
 thereof folemnized the feaft of.Jupnir, and fet up belldes in the Capitol three images made of 
 the f;K cr that was forfeited and raifed upon the fines ofthe perfons condemned aforefaid. The 
 Didator and General over the Horfemenjby order frotn the Senat exhibited the games called O* 
 
 p rtf^?/^/. to the honour of C*r«. 
 
 When the Roman Embafladors and Carthaginians together, were come out of ^/r«Vi^ to 
 J?ow(r, the Senat aflembled togive them audience in the Temple oiBeUona'- where L.F'eturius Phi- 
 lo afrer he had declared (to the exceeding joy ofthe LL. ofthe Senat) that they had fought a bat- 
 tail with y^««;A<a/, (the laft that ever the Carthaginians were like to fight^ and that this grievous 
 and lamentable war wasnowcometo an end,he\vent onfti'il and related, that ^-^^rfw/w/j the fon 
 ofSvp/A?.v was vanquiflied and fubdued; which was no fmall increafe ofthe other exploits fo hap- 
 pily atchieved. Then he was commanded to go forth from thencedireftly to the affembly of the 
 peopie,there to impart thefe gladfome news unto the multitude. Whereupon (for exceeding joy 
 and in token of thankfgiving) all the Temple^; in the City were fet open, and folemn proceflions 
 
 G decreed for three dayes. Now when as the Embaffadors ofthe Carthaginians and King Phil>f 
 (for they alfo were arrived) required to have a day of audience in the Senat ; the Diftator by di- 
 reftion from the Sen Jt, returned rhem this 'nfwer. That the new Confuls fliould fatisfie their re- 
 queft. After this, was the folemn affembly holden fortheeleff ion of Magiftrats 5 and Confute 
 were created Cn.Comehtis LentuL-.s and P.EUus Pxt a : for Pretors, firft M.Junius Fenms, who 
 was allotted to have the civil jurisdiftion in the City : then M.ValertHiFalto, nnto whom 
 the Brutianscountrey fell by lot togovern:nextj.<W.Frf^/«;^rtfe(7,whofehap wasior«le.J4»r<i''»i^
 
 5^0 7l&g thirtieth Boo\ ofT. Livius. 
 
 and P.ty£HHs7fibenotio beL. deputy oiSardinia. Concerning the Provinces wherein the Con- H 
 luls were to be employed, it was not thought good todetermine any thing, before the Embafla- 
 dors of Kin" /'/j/Ap and likewife of the Carthaginians^had delivered their embaflages: for as they 
 fawiheend^fone war, fotheyforefaw the beginning of another. Cn. Lf »f«/»j the Conful was 
 inflamed with anardent defireofthe Province of AJfw^: for ifthewar continued,he aimed at 
 an eafy v iftory : and if it were at the point of an end, he gaped at the honor of finifliing the fame, . 
 and hoped to have thename , That determined it was whiles he was Conful. And therefore hf; 
 protelkd plainly, that he would fuffer nothing to pafs before that the Province of A/w/^were 
 allioned to him. His colleague fa fober,temperate, and difcreet man) gave his confentjforhef.iw 
 fulfwell, that as the contending for that glory with Sapio-) was unjult and unreafonaWe, foin it be 
 would be overmaiched,and never able to import and carry it away from him. QjAir.mitis Ther- 1 . 
 fKfts and M.kcilius Glabrfo-, two Tribuns of the commons, gave out and faid. That Cn.CorndiMs 
 went about to compafs that, which was commenced andaffaiedinvaintheyear before by T. 
 Ql.itdius the Conful. For when by warrant from the Senat a bill was propofed unto the peopJe> 
 whom their pleafure was to nominate for government of Africk^-, all the 3 5 Tribes gave their 
 voi.es and awarded that Provinceto /". Scrpio. Much contention there pafied and many biuker- 
 menis both in Senat-houfe and before the people, in the debating of thisqueliion : but in the end 
 they orew to this point.to refer all to the judgment of the Senat. So the LL. of the Senat having 
 laken^'their oath (for fo it was agreed upon j thus concluded and gave this order. Firft, that the 
 two Confuls riiould either agree together between themfelves, or elfe caftlois for their Pro- 
 vinces ; namely, which ofthem fhould have the rule of Zr^/jjand who the charge of a fleet of fifty k 
 fail. Item, to whether of them twain betel the navy, he fliould fail over into S/o7; : and it peace 
 might not be fully concluded vv iih the Carthaginians, then to crofs over into hffrickj where the 
 Conful fhould war by Sea, and S«p;obyLand, by vertueofthefamecommiflion and authority 
 that he had already. Moreover, if the conditions of peace were accepted of both parts^that then 
 the Tribuns of the Commons fliould propound iinto the people, as touching their will and plea- 
 fure, whether theConful or /'.S«/);o fhould conclude the peace ; and which ofthem (if the vi^o- 
 rious army after conquefl obtained, were to be brought back out of A/)'/c/^)fliould have the 
 conduft thereof home again. Alfo, if they nominated s«/"o for to make the peace, and bring a- 
 way the army likewifejthen the Conful fliould not cut over from Sicily to Africk,.As for the other 
 Conful who had the government oiltalj, he fhould receive oiM.Seftins the Pretor, two legions, L 
 So P.^cipio had his commiffion fealed again for to remain in the Province of Stctfy, with the fame 
 forces which he there hid. A<f. Valerius Falco the Pretor in the Brutians country was allowed 
 thole Icions whereof C. L/w«j had the command the year before. It was further-more agreed, 
 that P.tyElw thePri tor fliould take the two legions in Sicily of C». TremeHins : and that one le- 
 «ion vvhich F. Ler.tv.ltis the Propretor had under his conduft, was appointed to M.Fabiusiot 
 Sardtma. And M.Ser-vUins the Conful of the former year, continued alfo in his government with 
 his own two Icions for Hetrwia. As concerning the provinces of S/)^/«, fith L, Cornelius Lentu- 
 Ihs and L.Mardius hctdinus had been there for certain years, the faid Confuls were to deal with 
 the Tribuns, that if they thought it goodjthey fhould propound unto the Commons,for toknow 
 their minds whom they would appoint to govern S;».«/«: and that hewhofoever itwas,{hould j^| 
 out of two armies enrol one entire legion of Roman fonldiers, and of the allies of the Latin na- 
 tion makeup fifteen cohorts or regiments,and with the flrength ofthem joyntly, keep in obe- 
 dience and defend the province, /r^w, that I..Cor«tf//w and Z,. ^rf;?/w fhould bring over the 
 o'dfouldiersinto /m/j. Unto Corw/w the Conful was afligned a fleet of fifty fliips, to bede- 
 du(5>ed and drawn out of two other Armadoes ; the one of C«. Off 4ww which was in hfrick., 
 the other of P.F/llius which guarded the coafts oi Sicily I and to choole thereout what fliips he 
 would : and that P.ScipiofhoiM keep thofe fifty (hips of war which he had already. And in cafe 
 his pleafure was that C». Off^w// fliould be Admiral over them fiill,like as heretofore; then 
 Off<«w J was to continue in government for that year as Vice-pretor: but ifhemade Laliusihe 
 Admiral, then OUavius fiiould depart and comehome to Rome, and bring back with him thofe N 
 fhips that the Vice-conful had no ufe or need of. M.Fabius likewife had ten gallies of fervice al- 
 lowed him into Sardima. And the Confuls were appointed to mufterand enrol two legions of 
 citizens, that with the power of fourteen legions, and an hundred fhips of war, the affairs of 
 Fowe that year might be managed. 
 
 Thefe things thus ordered, they began to debate in counfel about the Embafladors of ?/^/7//» 
 and the Carthaginians : and thought good it was to admit the Macedonians into place for to 
 have audience. Divers and fundry fpeeches they made, whiles they l^.boured partly to deer that 
 point as touching the complaints that the Embafladorsfent from i;:»r/;c made before the King, 
 for the forraging and fpoiling of their confederats : and partly complained themfelves of the al- 
 lies of the people of ^awf, laying much to their charge: but far more bitterly accufing M. htire-Q 
 lius, tor that he being one of the three Embaffadors fent unto them? fiaid behind and took mu- 
 flers of fouldiers ; yea,andagainftihecovenant comprifed intheleague, made war upon them, 
 and oftentimes oave battel unto their Captains and Governors in open field : partly alfo they de- 
 manded, that the Macedonians and their Captain Sopater-, who had fer?ed in the wars of A»»/- 
 *-*/ for wages, and vrcre taken prifoners and kept bound in prifon, might be enlarged and fet ac 
 
 liberty, 
 
 10
 
 The thirtieth Boo{of T. Li vius. 621 
 
 i To thei'e points M.Fur(ns,\eDt of purpofe from Aureitut out oi Maceeionia-,midQ anfwer brief- 
 ly in this wife, That A«rf//«^ who was lefc behind, for fear tliat the aflbciats of the people of 
 Rome, wearied with rodes and incurfions into their territories and other injurious opprdiions, 
 might revolt unto the King; never departed out of theconfins of theaffociatsaforefaid; jnd en- 
 deavoured only, that thofe robbers and forragers otthe country fhould not invade and over-run 
 their lands, and go clear away without iny harm. As forS(;;>rffe>-,he was a Hate and peer of the 
 realm, and one necrly allied unto the King who lately was lent into A/r/r/^W'th four ihou.ar.d 
 Macedonian? and withmoneyjto aid and alFiH A>«'/<«/andtheCarth3ginians,When as the Ma- , 
 cedonians being required what they could lay totheicchallengesjframed but adovbtful and irrri- 
 cate detencejbetore they had well m.ide an end they received this fortheir am we; : Tb^t f.nce the 
 
 p King fought war if heptoteeded and wentonfiilLhefhculdfliordy have hisha J-; ;n!l:blicfor- 
 afmuch as he had broken the league in two point3,fir(nn offering wrong totl c alliesof th :pco- 
 pleof A'owe, andmolelUngthemby wayofvvarand horiility ; andfeccndly, in[ elpi'igihdxeno 
 mies with men and moneyjthey deemed thus much of it. that not only P. Sr/f/obc.hH'd ?cdoth 
 well and juHly, in keeping them (iillin prifon aseneiiaes, whobjre aimsrig-.inii the ptrple of 
 Rome, and were taken captive ; but alio M.Kjtrelius performed good ferviceco the ^t?.te, audi 
 great pleafure to the Senat, in defending the Allies of the people of ^owr by torrec fur^s, when 
 by right of league he could not. When the Macedonians had their difpatc h^ and were icijt avvay 
 with this heavy anfwer, then the Carthaginian Embafladors were called in. 
 
 When they beheld their reverent age, andtht dignity of their perfonage (for they v.crc the 
 
 2 belt and prin;ipa! men fimply of their City) then every man was fully perfwadedfo hi. own pare 
 and laid , That novv they dallied no longer, but meant in deed and good earnefl to crave & have Ths Ontinfi 
 peace. Hut the chief and moft portly perfon of than all wisoacAfdml^alt inhiscountreyanda- of Aldruhd 
 mong his citizens furnamed Hadus, a man that ever perfwaded peace, & oppofed himfelfagainfl: H*rf«j m tlic 
 the Barchine fa;f\ion. And therefore he had the more credit and authority, when he derived ^'^"^'°'^'""'' 
 •■' the blame from the Common -weal, and laid all the fault upon the wilfulnefs and greedy ava- 
 *' ri:e of fome few. Who after he had ufed diverfe and fundry fpeeches, one while excufing and 
 " clearing the crimes, another while confefTing fomethings objedled, \d\ if they had denied cer- 
 *' tain truths, they fhould with more difficulty have obtained pardon and peace: now and then 
 *' alio giving theLL.of the Senat an admonition and warning by the way, to ufe their profperity 
 
 ^ *' and good tortune modeflly and with moderation,he added moreover and faid,Thatif the Car- 
 '' thaginians would havebeenruled by him & H"<<««o,and had been fo wile as to have taken their 
 '= time and the opportunity when it was,they ftiould themfelves have given thofe conditions o£ 
 *' peace, which now they are conrtrained to crave. But for men to be fortunate and wife both ac 
 '* once.it is a rare and fpecial gift,and feldome feen. And here it is that the people of Rome(qaoth. 
 " he) is invincible becaufe in profperity they can remember to be wife, and to take the belt way 
 *' for themfelves. And certainly, a wonder it were, ifever they fhould do othej wife. For thofe 
 '* commonly who happen to meet with fome new good fuccefs, and havenot been ufed thereto 
 *' before,overflioot and pals themfelves too much in exceffive joy, which they have not the grace 
 " togovem with fobriety and difcretion : whereas tbepeopleof ^owf haveever been accuflo- 
 " med CO the continual felicity of joyous vidtories, infomuch as they are grown into a difufe of 
 
 E '-taking pleafure and delight in them (fo common they are) and have encreafed their dominion 
 "and Empire, more (io manner) by fparing and pardoning thofe whom they have conquered, 
 '' than by the very conquefl of them indeed. 
 
 '■'■ The fpeech that the other Embafladors made,was more pitiful and lamentable, whiles they 
 " recounted before the Senat from what high eftate,and to how bafe condition they were fallen: 
 *'who but a while fince held by force of arms,as it were the whole world ;& had nothing left them 
 *' now but the bare walls of the City of C^rf^fc, within which they were fhut up, and could fee 
 *' nothing either by land or fea, which they might rightfully claim as their own. Nay, the very 
 *' City it lelf and their houfes, they were to enjoy no longer than the people of Aowf is willing, 
 
 ;; '-and forbeareth to proceed by rigour and extremity againlt the fame, fince there is nothing elfc 
 ''behind to work npon.Novv whenastheLL.oftheSenacfeemedto endineto mercy andcom- 
 paflion one Senator there was amonglt them (by report) who upon a deep and inveterate hatred 
 of the Carthagmians treche_ry,fpake out aloud and faid, '' What Gods wilithey regard and fwear 
 ' by in making of a new league,who have broken their oath, and taken their name in vain whom 
 " they called to witnefs in the former? Mary ((^. Jfdrttkil) even thofe and no other chat are fo 
 fharp revengers and heavy enemies to the breakers of league and covenant. So when all their 
 minds were enrlincd to peace,C>;.Le«r«/«; theConful,who had the government of the navy, op- 
 pofed himiblfagamft the decree of the Senat for to crofs the fame. Then M./lttiliu^, and^.M:- 
 ituthts. Tr'bunsoftheCnmmons, preferred a folemn bill unto the people, in this form: Plea- 
 
 Q fech in you, and 'vill you grant. That the Senat fliall refolve and determine, that peace may be 
 concluded with the Carthaginians ? Pleafeth it you to chufe and appoint who fliall be the man to 
 make that peace, and who fliall bring the army out of ylfnck? As concerning peace, thetribes 
 every one as they were demanded their voices, granted affirmatively (ttti rogatis) thn Sapio 
 flnould conclude it, and alfo bring away the army. By vertueofthisAcStpafledby thepeoplethe 
 Senat macie a decree that r.Sapu by theadviceand counfel often Commiffi oners, fliould con- 
 tract an accord with the people of C<irf«<j^f,under what conditions he thought good. After this 
 
 the
 
 6ii T'be thirtieth Boo\ ofT, Livius. 
 
 theCartbaoiniansrendred thanks to the LL. of the Senate, andrequefted that they mighc enter H 
 into the City, and talk with their fellow citizens and country-men, who had been taken captives 
 aforetime, and lay in the common goal and prifon. For there were amongR them fome ot their 
 kinsfolk and friends, noblemen of birth and of good quality ; others alfo, unto whom they were 
 to dehver fome meifage and credence from their kinfmen. When they had fpoken and communed 
 with them, they came with a new petition and made earneft fuit, to give them leave to ranfome 
 and redeem asmanyof them as they would: whereupon they were willed to give them their 
 namesjand when they had named fait upon two hundrea,an order was granted out of the Senat, 
 that the Roman Commiflloners fliould takeover with them into -4#^w^ unto Sripio two hun- 
 dred of thofe captives whom the Carthaginians would make choice of; and declare unto him 
 from the Senate, that in cafe the peace were fully agreed upon and finifhed, he fhould deliver I 
 thole two hundred to the Carthaginians, freely without paying any ranfome. Now when the 
 heralds of arms were appointed to go into ^fnckj^foi: to confirm and eftablifli the peace accor- 
 ding to the folemn order, at their own requelf there pafled an a6l of the Senat framed in thisform 
 and tenor, fmpr/mii, Ihzt they fhould carry with them every one by himlelf,certain flint ftones 
 oftheirown,and likewifeVerven. Item, That the Roman Pretors fliould command tbemfo- 
 lemnly to pronounce the league, and then they to ask of the Pretor facred herbs or Verven. A 
 kind ofgrafs or herb this isjwhich was wont to be gathered from off the Capitol hill, and given 
 to the Heralds. 
 
 Thus were the Carthaginians difmiffed and fenc from Rome : who being come into ^ffrick.\.o 
 Scipioy concluded peace with the fame capitulations as is abovefaid. And fo they delivered up ^ 
 their gallie« and fhips of war, their Elephants; the renegate traitorS;the vagrant fugitives;and four 
 rhouland prifoners. Among whom was QJ^erentius Cnello, a Senator by his calling. As for the 
 fhips, fo foon as they were lanched forth into the deep, Scipio caufed them to be fet on fire and 
 burnt. Some report that they were five hundred innumber.one with another, of every fortjaod 
 alldire6^ed and guided by oars. Prefently were they fet a burning: adolorous fight and heavy 
 fpcwlade (no doubt) to the Carthaginians for to behold, as ifCoerr^^^f itfelfhad been on a light 
 fire. Therenegat traitors and rebels were punifhed more grievoufly than the fugitives. As many 
 of them as were of the Latin Nation loft their heads ; all that were natural Romans, were cruci- 
 fied and roundly truffed up on the gallows. Forty yea^rs before was the peace laft made with the 
 Carthaginians, when Q. LuSiatius and A. Manltus were Cottfuls. The war began three and ^ 
 twenty years after, whiles P. Cornelius and T. Sempronms were Confuls. And the fame ended in 
 the eighteenth year after, f .Cornelius-, and P. k/EUhs ?&tus ^ing Confuls. Many a time after, 
 S«p/o by reportj would fay that the willful and covetous defir-e oiT, Claudius firrt,and afterwards 
 oiCn.CormliHs. was the only flay and let, that this war ended not with the final ruin and utter 
 deftruilion of C,!>-t/j<jf?. - 
 
 When as the CarthaginiansAvho by Ipng and continual wirs were grown bare Scpoor.thoughc 
 the levy and contribution of money for to furnifh out the firft payment, lay heavy and fore upon 
 them, infomuch as in their Senat-hqufe, there was great forrow and heavinefs, yea, and piteous 
 weeping; it is faidjthatv^^wi'^/wasfeen to laugh a good while.And when^^./Zfisfwrebukedhim 
 for laughing in that publick lamentation of the City, confidering that himfelf wasthecaufeof »« 
 thofe tears," \^((\A,Anmbd)is we fee by our eye the outward difpofition ofthe face and coun- 
 " tenance, fo we could look within & behold the affeftion of the mind,ye might foon perceive, 
 *■ that this laughter of mine, which ye fo much blame, proceedeth not from an heart that is glad 
 *' and joyful, but rather fenfelefs, flupified, and aftonied with the exceeding griefs and calamities 
 ••'that have hapned. Yet is not it fo unfealbnable and impertinent to our prefent condition, as 
 " thefe tears of yours, and weeping that you make, is abfurd and nothing to the purpofe. Then 
 " fliould ye have weptandfhed tears, when our armor and weaponswere taken from us, when 
 *'-'our fhips were fet on fire, when we were interdi6ted and forbidden tomake war with forrain 
 *- nations: for then had we our deadly blow,then our backs and hearts were broken. And never 
 " think that the Romans have proceeded hardly againft you, in comparifon ofthe hatred that ye N 
 '' bare one to another. No great City and mighty State can long continue and reft in quiet. Ific 
 " have no enemies abroad.it findeth fome at home: much like unto ftrong and lufty bodies,which 
 " feeming fure enough againft all outward accidents andcaufesofficknefs,are overcharged with 
 *' their own Ifrength and fulnefs of humours^ and thereby fubjeft to moft deadly maladies. So 
 " much, forfooth, and no more we feel ofthe publick miferies & common calamities,as toucheth 
 '' and concerneth our felves in particular: wherein nothing pincheth us more, nor goeth neerer 
 " to the quick, than to forgo our mony, and part with ourpence. And therefore when Carth.j^e 
 ••'was conquered anddefpoiled of all her ancient honors, when ye fa w herdifarmedandflripped 
 •' naked , when ye faw her forlorn of all the armed nations of jiffrickj no mat) then fighed ,no man 
 " groned thereat: but now when the tribute impofed, is to bepaidoutofyourprivatpuries,yeQ 
 " keep a weeping and wailing, as in fome publick funeral and mortuary carried forth. But alas,! 
 " fear me greatly that ere it be long, ye fliall find and feel. That your weeping this day hath been 
 " for the leaf! lofs of all the reft. Thusfpake ^^^iWtotheCanhaginians. 
 
 Scipio having affembled his whole army toj^ether. before them all.reftored Mafamffa to bis fa- 
 thers Kingdom: and over and befides, endued him with the pofieflion of the City C/rr/f'4, and 
 other Towns and territories which belonged to the realm of S7^^<j*'53nd were now in fubje^ion 
 
 to
 
 The one and thirtieth BooJ^ of T. Li vius. 6^^ 
 
 . A to the people of RomeMviZo Cyt.OElavitu he gave order to conduifl the fleet into StcUyt^nd there 
 to make it over to Cn.Cornehm the Confnl. The Carthaginian Embaffadors he willed to goto 
 Rome-) that tborea<ils andcapitnlations which were concluded by him with the ndvii.eoftheten 
 Commidioners, might likewife pal's under the approbation ol'theSenjtj and theconfan ot'the 
 people and lo beratitied and contirmed forever. 
 
 IhiiOV//;^. having obtained peace both by Tea and land and embarked his army, failed toward 
 Sialyl arrived at LiIy/>aum.Troni whence he fent away a greatpartof his army by lea^ard himlelt 
 pafledbyland through /frt//, which now was joyful! as wellforthe peace con.luded, as the victo- 
 ry atJiiL-ved. Where all the way as he went, not only the people lameforih in miiiiitudesoutoJ 
 the Cities to do him hnnor,r butnumbersalfo of thecountry pcafants out ot theVuiages, filled 
 B allthehigh-waies along until! became to Rome: where he enred theCity, riding in the moll 
 ftately and magnificent triumph that ever had been. Hebrourht into the City Chamber 100033 
 pound weight of Hher. He divided among his fouldieis out of thefpoil ' four hundred AlVes a *Or,asrome 
 peece. Srphaxhy his death rather difappomted the people ot a goodly flievv and pageant in the |])|'f5,^°;.^j[j 
 triumph.thandiminifhedany whit the glory ofthe triumpher: he died at TyburTioi longatore,to J'^ x q,^^"/^' 
 which place he had been removed from Aih : howbeit his death was not obfaire,by reafonthat Engliai,' * 
 hevvasfolemnlyi.?rriedtohis buriall, with the pomp of a publike funeral! atthe charges of the 
 City. But Po'ybim a writer of good account, reportcth,Thac this King was led in the very triumpli. 
 As 'Sci^tn rode triumphant Q^. Tcrentnu Cttlleo followed after with a cap of liberty fet upon his 
 head; and ever after,fo long as he lived, he honoured him(as befceming it was)and acknowledged 
 ^ him the author ofhis freedom. But ascon.erning his furname Africa>iiis^ 1 cannot tor certain 
 learn, whether it were the tavour ofhis louldiers firlf ,or the aftcflionate love ofthe people atter- 
 wards that brought it up,or rather began upon fome ofhis own houfe and linage that courted and 
 flattered him therewith : like as in our fathers daies 5«//.? was furnamed * Ffl?//.v, and Pompetus, *Hgp[,j. 
 ^ M.unyts. This is certain that he was the fira General that ever took his name of the country * Gnu, 
 and nation by himfelffubdued,and thereby was renowned.But by his example afterwards,others 
 nothing comparable to him in \ ift ory and conquclf won goodly titles and glorious infcriptions 
 to their lmages,and honoured their houfes with noblefliiesand additions. 
 
 ^ The one and thirtieth Book 
 
 Ofthe Hijlories ofT, Livius o/Padua, from the foundation ofthe 
 
 City of Rome. 
 
 The Breviary o: L. Flonis upon ihe one and thirtieth Book. 
 
 T'Ht caufcs of the war begun a^f.in rvith Philip A'/;?«- of Macedony , yfl:ich had dfco>ni>ined.Are 
 fet dorvn to be thefe \ In the time ofthe holjfcc-.fl o/Ceres> two young men 0/ Acamania, who had 
 not been frofeffed r/ithofefacred myjlertes-^came to Athens ,& chanced Among other of their coHntrimen 
 to JO into the Chavpcl of CcTCS.Fer ivhich.as f they had committed fome hM»oHsf*El in the highcfi dv- 
 ^ree^they were ky the ylthe>:iayis executed. J he Acarnaniansmovedrvith indignation for thedeMh of 
 their neichbottrs^re^ffired aid of Philip to be revevgt dfor them : Some few mumhs after peace gran- 
 tcdto th'eCarthaginianS', in the five hundred and fifty yettrfrom the foundation of the Ci:y of Rome, 
 rvhenthe Embaffadors ofthe Athenians^ who now were befteg^ed by Philip, craved a-d ofthe Se^at,^.nd 
 they wereof advtce andrefolvedto help them, notwitlft-tndingthe Cor^imons gainfvdit(by reafon that 
 they thought the continual troffbies offo many r.Hin were grievous and heavy unto them ^yetfofir pre- 
 vailed the authority of the Nobles, that the people alfo gave their confent tofuccour their cohfdcnte 
 F City.Thti war win committedto the managing of P. Sulpitius f 'vO ful' ffho Isdan army intoMice- 
 Aon^ -.and fought certain battels fortunmly againfi VbW'ipwhtch rvere perfermcd by horfe-fervice. The 
 jibrdeni being inveflt d and beleaguered round about by V W\\\^-,fjllon'i»gthe example ofthe S-Agu:^ti:is-, 
 flew their wives ■and children, ar,d their own fehes after them. L. Furius the Pmtor overthrew in a 
 pkcht field the Gauls .ca'led Infubres,f /<!.' rebe[led,andlikemfe Amiicar f ^^ Carth.iginianwlw began to 
 make war in thofe p.irts,wherehmik:it was flwn^&with him five .;nd thirty rhaufand men.Myrcov r, 
 this boak^containeth the expedrtions a»d voyages of King Philip aid ^ulpitius the Co-.ftl and the win- 
 ning ef certain Cities by them both. Snlpitius the Confnl warred with the help of Kmg Attalus and the 
 Rhodians, L.Furius the Prator triumphed over the Gauls. 
 
 F 
 
 J he one and thirtieth Boo\ofT. Livius. 
 
 Ullwcllapaid am I likewife, that! am nowcometo an end once ofthe Pnnick war, asif 
 my felf had been in perfon thercand bom my part i n the toil and danger thereof. Fot albeit 
 unfitting it is forme(who have undertaken and p'^fefled foboldly to write a compleat and 
 ful ftory of the Romansito be wearied in the fe^ erall parts of lo great a work .- yet when I 
 
 Hhh think
 
 6z± The one and thirtieth Boo\ of T. Li vius. 
 
 think and conlider, how threelcore years and three (for fo many are reckoned from the firft h 
 Pnnick war, to the end of the fecond ) have taken up no iewer books of mine than four 
 hundred eighty eight years before, even from the foundation of Rome unto the Confulfliip of 
 that hvvnu Clandiw, who was the firft that warred upon the Carthaginians ; methinksl 
 forefee already, that like as they who being once emred into the {hallows near the {horc, 
 are crained on liill, and venture to wade into the lea, evenfol, the farther I go forward, the 
 dc'-er 1 Hep, and am carried away in a vaft Ocean, and bottomlefs gulph .( as it were ) 
 which ^ annot be founded ; and that my work gro weth Hill upon me in my hands, which as I 
 went away apace, and rid matters at the firft, 1 would have thought by this time (hould have de- 
 
 The'carthaoinian peace was no foone« concluded, but the Macedonian war ftraightwaies en- 1 
 fued: nothingcomparabletothePunick, if ye regard the hazard and danger, the vettue otthe 
 Captains for direftion,or prowefs of the louldiers : but if a man confider the Nobility and reputa- 
 tion of the ancient Kings,che fame and antiquity of thenation,thegreatnefs of their feignory and 
 dominion,who in times paft had conquered and held by the fword much inEnropeyUnd the better 
 part of y4/»<i,I dare well fay,as noble and renowned, if not more.But the war commenced againft 
 Philip ten years almoft beforejhad ere three years end been laid down and difcontinued by means 
 of the j£tolians : who as they gave occafion to enter into arms, fo they wrought a compofition 
 of peace But afterwards in procefsof time, when the Romans by reafon of peace with the Car- 
 thaciniansjhad nothing to do,and were at leilure ; and yet bearing an inward grudge,and owing 
 a dtfpleafure to Philip, as well for his f aithlefs peace with the iEiolians and other allies and con- *^ 
 federates of that country, as alfo for aid both of men and money lately fent into ^fr/ckj.o Ayini- 
 halznd the Carthaginians:behold,the Athenians,whofe territories he had clean wafted and fpoi- 
 led,and whom he had driven within their City walls, itnportuned them with their prayers, and 
 perfwaded them to take arms and renew the war aforefaid. And much about the fame time there 
 arrived Embaffadors from King ^ttalustis alfo from the Rhodians, giving notice that divers Ci- 
 ties and States oiAfia were foLiciced likewife by Philip to band againft the Romans.Thefe Em- 
 baffadors had their difpatch,and received thfs aniwer. That the Senat would have a careful! eye to 
 the affair? of Afnt. But the entire treaty and confuliation concerning the Macedonian war was 
 wholly referved and referred unto the Confuls, who then were employed in the war with the 
 Boii. In the mean feafon three Embaffadors were addreffed unto Ptolomem the King of ^gypt, to t 
 wit C.Cl-'!udius Nero, Jl^.iy£mflius Lepidus, and P. SempronittsTHditatiHS-, with thiscommiflion : 
 Firft to fionifie and let himunderftand.that A»««^^/& the Carthaginians were fubdued: fecondly, 
 to eive th^anks unto the King for continuing fo faft and faithful! unto the Romans in their difttefs 
 and adverfity, when other of their allies, and even their next neighbours forfook and abandoned 
 them : laft of all,to requeft him, that in cafe they ftiould be forced by wrongs and injuries offe- 
 red, to waoe war againft Philips he would vouchfafe the fame mindftill and his wonted affedio- 
 nate favour toward the people of i^ow^ 
 
 Near about this time, P.iA.liin the Conful being in Trance, advertifed that the Boians before 
 his coming had made rodes inro the lands of the friends and allies of the Romans,prefenily iu all . 
 hafte levied and enrolled two legions upon the rumour of this tumuk and trouble ; and joyningM 
 thereunto four cohorts of footmen out of his own army, lent C.A;)p/»; a Col onell or Captain of 
 the Confederates,with this power fo fuddenly raifed,and with commandment to march through 
 that part of /-^w^r/^j which is called,the Tribe Sappim(i,3nd to invade the territories ohhe Boii, 
 whiles himfelf in perfonled his forces the open way traverGng through the mountains,andcame 
 thither. A c»/«; being entred into the confines of the enemies, at the firft had a good hand, and 
 fped well in forraoing the country with fafety of himfelf. But afcerwards,having made choice of 
 »M4.ni> a-meer place near um'o a Caftle called* MutilHrn-, for to cut down and reap the corn, C for now 
 Uandn. the fields were ready for harveft ) but yet, without efpials fent out to difcover the coafts abour, 
 
 wiihoiK fettinc ftrong and fufficient guards,which being well appointed and armed,might defend 
 the unarmed thrt were bune in their harveft work ; he chanced himfelf and all his forragers and fj 
 reapers tobefurprifed at unawares by theFrenchmenjandaffailed on every fide.Whetenpon they 
 alfo that were armed fled in great fright ; and 70C0 men ftragliog here and there overthef.om 
 fields were flain ; and among them C.Appius himfelf their leader. The reft for fear were driven to 
 put themfelves within their Camp •• from whence without direcSlion and guidance of any certain 
 Captain and only upon a generall confent of the louldiers, the night nexttoUowirg they abando- 
 ned their hold, left much of their baggage behind them, and through blind forrefts, chafes, and 
 wild mountains ( in manner unpaffable ) they came in the end to the Conful : who, after he had 
 performed in his Province no memorable a6t,fave only that he wafted the borders and frontiers 
 of the 5o;/,and!mde a league with the In^^u»i(a nation of the Ligurians^ returned to Rome. So 
 foon as he had affembled the Senar.all the whole houfe with one voice called upon him to treat Q 
 and conUilt upon no other matter before they had determined ofKinp: /'A///;)>and the complaints 
 madeby their allies : fo he propofed that out of hand to be debated in Councill. And the Senate 
 in a frequent number there met, pafled a decree, that P. t/£ltns the Conful fhould fend whom he 
 thoH^iit oood with commilfion and authority for to receive the Armado which C«4 OEtavi- 
 tts was to brin" out of Sicily^ and therewith tocrofsover into Macedonia. So M. Vderius 
 L&vinm the vfce-Pntor was fent ; and when he had taken the charge of the fleec, confi- 
 
 fting
 
 The one and thirtieth BooJ^ of T. I^i vius. £2, <? 
 
 A fting- of eight and thirty fail, at the hands of C^?. GElaviw about Ftbo^ he pafl'edthefeasto 
 Macedonia. Now vih&n M. Aurelim t\\z Lieutenant Was come, and hadenformed ardad- 
 vertifed him, what pviKfant armies, what numbers of fliips the King had p'cpared and "oc 
 togethv; how partly himfelt in perfon by going about not only to .ili the Cities of iheCon- 
 tinenf, butalio thelflands inthe Tea; and partly by fending his Embaflador^ every way., had 
 follitired unto war, and raifed much people totai<e arsns: flii wing moreover, that the Ro- 
 mans were not to enterprile that war without preparation of gte.ner torses ; andihatmore 
 fpeedily, tor fear left if they made flow halie and Hngred, /'/r/Z-p-rriiglit citerpr'fr that adven- 
 ture, which Pyrrhiis (a Potentate and Prince ot a far ieHer Dominion ) had done 'v ere; it was 
 thought meet that Amdms fhould di!pati.h his letters to tbeu-.nceffed unto the CotfUii^ and 
 C the Senat. ' -i'^ 
 
 In theend ofthisyeafjwhen amotion was propounded in i he Seiih-houfe. as coftterDiflo- the 
 fetting out of lands unto the old fouldiers for recompense cftheir good fcrvice, who, uridier the 
 condud and fortunate government of Scjio the Pro-Conful, h;d brought the war in.'/'yfwri^to 
 an end:theLL.enaclcda decree,th?.t /W.7«;j;.'.'.fti!c Pritbr of the City, if he thought fognod, 
 fliould create ten Decemvirs as fnrveyors, for to mealure out and di'. ide among tlicm the lands in 
 S,MnniHm and AfiiliaSom\x^\\ as had been forn^it and confifcate to the people of Rome^kn^ chefe 
 were they: namely, /'.5(i>rW.w-^r<cr/7;«j' Mcie":is Cncuszv\6. /l/<irr«j;nc>med S:rzKlii-:^vA both 
 furnamed Gemini, Lnchisand >^«/,.-jboth //f'/?./.7,and furnamed Cataej li^tmle.P.Villius T.ippn' 
 lus^/M.Fnlvius F/accur^jP.tyHius P<c:ftt.3nd O^FUn:i»i!is, 
 C At the fame time /".t/fZ/wx the Cof. called the aflembly and high Court of Parliament for ele- 
 d ion of Magidrates: and for Cof.were created P.Salpnias Galba.iad C.Anrc/iusCotta.hksv them 
 were the Praetors chofenio wit 0-Mtr:ntiiiiRiif:!s,L,Fptrius Purf:ireo.^Q^Fi'J.vit!S G-llo,&r)d C-Ser- 
 gtHs PlancHs, The Roma n(hge-plaies were that year exhibited with great ftate and maoniiicence 
 moft fumptuoufly^by L.V.tUrms F/.rrr.v/.and T.O,itKt:n! Flamf^aus, ,€diles of the Chair, and for 
 two dales together werer'epre ented anew. Thefe iEdiles diflribnred and divided mo(t faithfnily 
 among the people a mighty deal cfcorn which Scipio the Pro-Conful had lent out of Africli^az 
 four AlVes the Modius: whereby they won great love and favour of all men. Alio the Plebeian 
 plaies were thrice fee forth all whole again by the jEdiles ofthe Commons, L.^p:■jiit!s FhHo, and 
 Q^Minutitis Rufus. This man from his jEdilefhipflepped to the Prxtors place. And by occafion 
 '^ ofthofe plaies there wasafolemnfead celebrated inthe honour of Jupiter. 
 
 In the 544 year from the foundation ofthe City, when V.Sulpititis G-ilha.snd C.hnrclius\<itlt 
 Coil'.the war with King Vhilip beg^n, within fourmonths after peacegranted to the Carthasi- 
 nians. And before all other matters this affair waspropounded in thcSenateby P. SitlpitiHsthc 
 Cof. upon the Ides oi Marchy the very day on whii.h at that time they ufed toenter upon the 
 Coniuliliip. Whereby the Senate it was decreed, Imprimis, That the Confuls fliouldfacrifice 
 with greater beafls to what gods themfelvcs thought good, with afolemn prayer in this form: 
 That what'.oeverthe Senate ard people of iJowe minded and intended to do, either concernin'^ 
 the affairs of theCommon-wealth,or the undertaking and enterprifeof this new war, the fame 
 might fpeed well and happily in the end, to the behoof of the people of A'owf, their alies, and 
 E namely, the nation ofthe Latines, /ff w, That after facrifice and divine prayer they iliould con- 
 fult with the Senat about the (fate of the City , and the government ofthe Provinces. At the lame 
 lime it tell out very fitly to provoke and Hir up their minds unto war, that not only letters 
 were brought from M.Aure/ius the Lieutenant, and from M.r.ueritts LnviKtss the Vice.Pra:tor : 
 but alio anew EmbafTic ofthe Athenians arrived; the one importing, and the other reportir^, 
 that theKmgdrew ne^rand approached their confines, and within a while would be not only 
 Lord of their land; and territories, but alfo Maflcr oftheirCity, i;nlefstheFv.omansfet too 
 their helping hand, Afterthat the Confuls had openly pronounced and declared, that the facri- 
 fices were performed rightly and according to order, and that the Gods gave ear unto their 
 prayer,3nd accepted thereof: and the fouthfayersandbowell-prierslikewifeout of their learn- 
 F ing made anfwer and iliewed, that the inwards ofthe beaffs were as they fhould be, andfignified 
 bappinefs, namely, the enlarging of their confines and frontiers, with the atchieiingof uifory 
 and triumph. Then were the letters abovefaid of I'^.ilcriu^znd hnrcllus read, and the Athenian 
 Ambaffadors had a day of audience After this, there pafied an Aft of the Senate, That thanks 
 fliould be rendred unto their allies, for that they being long tempted and follicired for to re- 
 volt, yet noiwithlfandirg had not failed in their allegean.e, nor forfaken their tealty, no, not foe 
 fear of a prefcnt liege. As touching lending aid unto them, it was thought good to give an- 
 fwer, w(icntheConrulshadthcirPro\infes allotted unto them ; and when thatConful whofe 
 hap it fliould be for to go into /T/^Ji-fi?;^ had propofcd unto the people,Th3t defiance fliould be 
 given to Vhtl-p King di Mnceiony, and open war proclaimed againlf him. Now it fellby lot un- 
 to ^ .Sttipnius to take that charge in Mnccdoyiy, who preferred and prefented a bill unro the pco- 
 Cj pie in this manner* Pleafeth it you, and is it your will, that war be proclaimed and denoun- 
 ced againd King ?lvl p and the M.icedonians within his Realm and Dominion for the wrongs 
 offeredandihe warlevied by them upon the friends and allies of the people of Rome ? Unto 
 the otherConfulA«rf//«; befell the Province of /r.i/y. Then upon this ihePrxtors caff lots for 
 their VTOv'mc&s.Cn.Ser^ijisVlmcushid the jurifdiiSkion ofthe City ; O. FulvinsGillo was togo- 
 vern the Province of Skilj-. Q^Mtntitius Riifnsoi the Prutii^ and L. F urittsV urvurio oi Fra-jce . 
 
 Hhh2 The
 
 ^-^£g~— — ^ jl^g onTandMrmb Booli of T. Livius. 
 
 — ■ The fore{aid bill as concerning the Macedonian war, in the firft Parliament affembled about ic, h 
 was in manner by all the centuries in thetormoft Icrutinies nipped & flatled denied.Which thing, 
 nartlv men of themlelves were iorward enough to do, as being over- wearied with long and fore 
 wars.and worn oat for very irkfomnefs of tedious travel.and painfull perils : and partly jQ.F^/.;«j a 
 Tribune of the Commons, failed not to fet them on : who taking the oidcourfe and way of bla- 
 ming and accuiing the nobles, had laid to their charge, that they lowed the feeds of war liiil, and 
 ceaied not to raiie war upon war,to the end, that the commons might never be ac relf, and enjoy 
 the repofe of peace.The LL.of the Senat took this to the heart, in luch fort,that the Tribune was 
 fliakenupandmuch reviled in the Senat -houfe with moft opprobrious and reproachfull terms ; 
 and every man did hispattto encourage the Conful to pubhOi a new affembly and fcrutin/ , for 
 the propoi.n" of the fame bill ; to Lhauife and rebuke the floath and idlenefs of the people ; yea, I 
 and to open and fhew unto ihem what greatdamage and lof.-, how much fhame and difworlliip 
 they fhould incur by thefe delaies ^eiore the war begjn. Then the Conful having aflembledthe 
 people tor this purpofe in Utrs field,before that he cited the Cencurias to give their voices, called 
 The Oration them all tooeiher and made a fpeech unto them in this wife : ^' It fecmeth (quoth he)chat you are 
 ofpSHtpkius « ionorant°my MaRers and Citizens of Rome, that the matter put to quertion is not, w hethcr ye 
 toihc people cc v^ouldhave warorpeace,(for P/j(//pwill not permit that to be atyourdifpoi.tionandpleaiure, 
 of Rowf. „ ^^^ already prepareth mortall war both by fea and landjbut whether ye would rather choofe 
 
 " to tranfporc the legions into Mac(do>iy,ot receive your enemy here within Italy. had what dit- 
 "ference there is between the one and the other, you have had fufficient proof and experience 
 " (if ever at any time before Jeven in thislall war,efpecially with theCarthaginians.For who is heK 
 " that maketh doubt,but if we bad with fpeed relieved the Saguntinsbefieged.who fled unto us 
 " for help, and earnellly craved for our proteAion, like as our anceflorsand progenitors in due 
 <■<■ time afllfted the Mamertins ; we fliould have turned the whole violence and force of the war 
 • <' into 5p*«,which by our long driving off & lingring delaies we entertained in Itah.to our great 
 "lofs and orievous calamity. Neither need we to doubt ofthis, butthat we have hitherto If aid 
 t'^ Phil.-p 'mMacedony, (who without queftionhad combined with Annihalhy means of letters 
 * andentercourleof Embaffadors, for to havepaffed over into /f*?// before this time) only by 
 ''fendin" of Z*w»w with a fleet.to begin with himat home,andto make war in his ownking- 
 t'dom. Defer we then to do that now, when Jmil^al is chsfed out of /f<?/yandtheCarthagini- 
 «■■ ans defeated ; which then we did, when we had the fame Amibal our eneiny within Italy ? Go L 
 «: we onftill and fufter the King by winning the City of Atheyis (like as we permitted hnmbalhy 
 < forcin" of Safrantum ) to try and fee our flacknefs and cowardife : we fhaii have him I warrant 
 «' voii arrived in Italy',r)oz at five months end,as Amdalwus after his departure from Sa^tmtum ; 
 <• bnc within fite daies,after he is difanchored once & under fail from Corimh.Stx. cafe ye willnot 
 <' compare Fhiliv with hnmhdy nonor the Macedonians with the Carthaginians ; yet I am fure 
 « ye willmakethemmatches,andequallw'ith King P;rr/;«i:fo far forth Ifay,asonemanexcelleth 
 «• another in valour,and one nation lurpaffeth another in power. Eyirm hath never been accoun- 
 <' ted. nor i'? at this day,but the fmallelf appendant to the kingdom di M acedony ., and of leaft im- 
 <• portance.But as for P/)/^p,the whole and entire feignory of Velopof?yiefus is under him,and Lord 
 <' he is of hr^os it felf,a City nobled as well by the death ot Vjrrhns, as the ancient name and re-jii 
 <• nown that "octh of it.Compare now agsin the times of out ftate.How much flouri(bed ItJ/m 
 c ihofe daies'more than now ? Our affairs were then much more lound and unfoiled : our Cap- 
 «• tains fafe our armies all,fo many as they were, untainted ; whom the Carthaginian wars after- 
 « ward confumed: yet as puiffant and great as we sstie^Pyrrhtu affaied us,heput us to trouble and 
 *• forrow enouoh,yea and came in train of vi£f ory to (hake our free hold.even wel-near to the Ci- 
 <• ty of i!Jowf.SoasnotonlytheTarentins,and all that trad: oi Italy, which they call the greater 
 <= Greece banded with him in fuch fort,as a man would have thought they had followed the very 
 < fanouaoeandtho'e of their name : but theLucansalfoand theBrutians,yea;and theSamnitsre- 
 <' vofted'^'rom us,and rebelled. And are ye ot beliefe that thcfe will be quiet and remain in loyalty 
 * and obedience,if P/j'/'p once werepafi'ed over into Itdy ? yes mary will they , there is no quefti- j^ 
 •'on: for they Rood fafl afterwards,and continued true in thePunick w3r.Nay,nay,nevermake 
 '' reckoning that thefe States will not revolt from us fo long as they know any oneunto whom 
 '• they may'turn and range themfelves. If ye had thought mu^h of it, and been loath to pafs over 
 "into Affrick'-'\r\ truth at this day yefliould have had ^w^/Z-^z/ and the Carthaginians yourenemies 
 *' (fill in Italy Xtl Macedoyiy therefore be the feat of war rather than Italy : let our enemies Cities 
 '' and lands be deRroyed with tire and fword. We have found well by good expericnce^thatour 
 "fortune is better and onrforces wore puiffant abroad inforrainparts,thanathomein our own 
 '* Country. Go to therefore in the name of God to the Scrutiny and give your voyces ; and thofe 
 "thin^sthat theLL.ofthe Senat have deviled to do,grantyethefame,and yield youralient. Ye 
 " bave'not only the Conful author of this advice and counfci,but alio the immortal gods( who as q 
 " I offered lacrifice and prayed devoutly unto them,that this war might redound to the good and 
 «« benefit of my felf.of the Senat,ofyou,of ouralIies,6f the Latine n3tion,and finally of our armies 
 " and armadoes)have vouchfafed me all the ligns and tokens of comfort and joy , and affured me 
 *' thatallfhallbe welland according to out hearts deiire. This Oration of his once ended, they 
 ♦ ,• n- wentprefently to deliver up their voices. and gave* affirmatively for the war, JJifufferedirtopafs 
 vti )cgii I. ^^^.Qj.jjj,g 35 he had propounded .Then by an order from theSenat there wasa folemn fupplication 
 
 for 
 
 1
 
 The one and thirtieth Bool^ of T. Li vins, S27 
 
 A for three dales proclaimed : and in all Churches and Chappels,and before every fiirine & altar the 
 gods were praied unto,that the wcr( which the people had allowed of ) againft K.?h,l,p might be 
 wd atchieied and have an happy end.Moreover.theConful Sii/pttiHscoateiTcdviith the heralds, 
 and asked their advice, Whetherthey would ordain, that the wartobedecounced againH Kin^ " 
 Fhi/ip fhould be intimated to himfelf in perfon : or thought it fufticieni to be prod, imed within 
 the confines of his dominion,at the next frontier town ofall,wherehe kept a garhfon and guard: 
 they pronounced again, That it mattered not, but the Conful fhould pleafe himlelf, and do full 
 vvelHn the one and the other. Then the Conful was permitted by the LL. of the Senat to chufe 
 whom he wou.d,lo he were rot aSepatorfortofend as a mefreni:er or purfevaniof arms,to"ivc 
 the King defiance and to publifli war.Alter this it was debated in Council how the armies fliould 
 B bedifpofed as well ct Conluls as Pritors. The Confuls were commanded to enroll two le"ioDs 
 and to difLhargc andcalletheold armies-^aZ/j/r/w^jwho by adecree was tomin<ioethisnew war 
 offo great name and confequence, was allowed to rake with him out of that army which ^V;c;(? 
 theVice-Confnlhad brought onto! ^^jfr/(r;^,as many voluntaries ashecouldpfocure :but in no 
 cafe to urge any old fouldieragainlf his will. Alfo it was decreed, that the Conful fhould allow 
 unto the Prxtois L.Furim Vitrpnreo.ihd Qui»tus Mimttitis Rufas 5000 men apeece of theaffo- 
 ciats of the Latine nation: whom they fliould employ, the one in the Province ot G'dft.z,and the 
 other intheBruiians country to defend thofe parts and keep them in obedience. O ^FulvmsCtllo 
 was himfelf likewilccommanded to chufe out of that army which P.ty£l/ns the Conful comman- 
 dcdas many as hadferved teweft years,untill he made up the number of 5000 alfo ot the allies 6c 
 ^ Latines ; which Oiouldbea garrifonto keep in order and fafety the Pto^incc of Sicily. ALraferi' 
 us Falto^ViXioi thcyear before, and L.deputy of the Province ot Campar:^ had his Commiinon 
 figncd auewjto continue for the term of one year longer, and as Vice-Pritor to pafs over into 
 Sardi>tia^mihd\XQ.6t\on to chufe out of the army there 5000 of the allies and Latines,fuch as had 
 fervcd leaii time. AndtheConfuls were commanded to take up two legions of Citizens, which 
 might be fent to any place, as need fliould require, confidering that many nations in /t^/; tainted 
 and infeftcd with the feilowfhip andcompany of the Carthaginians during the wars and ever 
 • fince,wcre iwelled with anger and defpite againlt the Romans. Thus the Common- weal for that 
 year was to ufe the employment of fix Rom an Legions. 
 
 Amidft ihefe preparations for war,there arrived Embaffadofs from K. ?tolomens-. giving intelli- 
 ^ gence,that the Athenians had craved aid of their King and Mailer againft Phil,p. And although 
 they were confederate as well with him as the Romans, yet the King would fend into Greece nei- 
 ther a fleet offhips,noranarniy ofmen,defenfive, or offenfive to any, but by authority and con- 
 fent of the people of Rome. In cafe therefore the Romans were refolved,and fufficient withall of 
 themfehes to defend their allies^ he would be willing to fit ftill and take his repofe at home. O- 
 therwi'"e,if the Romans were rather difpofed to reft and take their eafe,he would himielfbe well 
 content to fend fuch forces to the aid of the Athenians, as fhould defend them eafily againfl all 
 thepowerof W/Z/p. The Senat returned great thanks unto theKing,with this anfwer. That the 
 people of /J'jwe were purpofed to prote6l their own allies: but if during this war they rtoodin 
 nccd.upon any occnrreni-e th>u might happen,they would give knowledge thereof to the Kin": as 
 E being allured and making.fuU account that all the puiflance and wealth of his kingdom vvas a Ture 
 prop and trully pillar of their State and Common-wealth. This done-by order from the Senat the 
 Emb.ifladors had given them for a reward * five ihoufand Afles apiece. Now whiles the Confuls * if IMJtftj. 
 were buf.e in taking muHers, and providing all things meet for the war; the City very deVout and *<*.*«''•. 
 given much to religion, in the beginnings efpecially of all new wars, after they had performed 
 their fupplications aforefaid, and done their devotions at every altar and flirine .• becaufe nothing 
 might be for-let andleft out,that at any time heretofore had been done; ordained that the Col^ 
 unto whom the Province of Macedo>7y fell, fhould vow folemnly to exhibitto the honour of 7«- 
 piter^ the great games and plaies,and arichprelentbefide. ButLrc/w«/ the High Priert ftaid this 
 publike vow for the time th.it it went not forvvard,alledging that it was not lawful to make a vow 
 F of an uncertain fum of money notdetermined: & iffuch money mightnot ferveforthe ufe ofwar 
 it ought prefently to be fet by and laid up fafe, and not be mingled and fhuffled with other mo- 
 nies: and unlefsthat wereduly done the vow could not be paid and performed according' to the 
 order of holy rites. Albeit the thing itfelfand the perfon ofthe man that moved this fcruple,ton- 
 ched and troubled them much, yet they would needs that the Conful fhould propound the mat- 
 ter to thecollcdge ofthePriertsand Bifliops,toknow their refolution,whether avow mi^ht not 
 diredtly be made of an uncertain peece of money. The Bifhops fet down their opinion and judg- 
 ment that it might be well enough, yea,and better than otherwife. Whereupon the Confolpro- 
 rounced the vow.according to the very fame form of words (as the High Prieftendited andfpakc 
 before him) which aforetime they were wont to ufe, in making the quinquennal vows from five 
 G years to five : fave only thus much, that he vowed and promifed to reprefent the plaies, and ro 
 prefent oblations unto J.vp/ff;-, amounting to fuch a fum ofmoney-as the Senat Ihould fet down 
 when the vow was to be performed. So many times before had the great games been vowed, and 
 a determinate fnm of money ever a(Tigned : but thefe were thefirft that were not limited within 
 any certain (Hnt and compafs. 
 
 Now when all mens minds were wholly bent upon the Macedonian war, behold on a fud- '^ 
 
 den when they feared nothing lefs than fuch a thing,there arofe a rumour of French troubles and ; 
 
 Hhh 3 tumults;
 
 6 Is " ~Tk OM and thirtieth BooliofT.Livm. 
 
 K 
 
 tumults'.fot the Infubrians the Cenomans and 5w«,ha ving follicited and raifed up by way of infur- H 
 leaionthe Sallti, the Uvaiions, and other Hates oiLiiuria, underihe ^ondua of yimdcar the 
 Carthasinian, who in thole parts ftaid behind with the remnant of AfdrubJ his army, were fei- 
 j of piacentia : and after they had facked the City, and for very difpiteons anger burnt a greac 
 rtofic ieavin<^ hardly two thoufandperfonsof all lorts, which amidlt the fire and ruins there- 
 of chanced to fave ihemfelvesjcroffed the river f <7,and advanced forward to the fpoil and pillage 
 of Cremona. But the inhabitants of that Colony, having heard of the milery and calamity belaln 
 UDon their neiohbour-City, bad fomerefpit and time to fliut their gates, and to beRow their 
 ouards upon the walls : fo as, they (hould at leaft wile be firft beheged or ev er they were forced, 
 andmi^ht be able todifpatch meflengers unto the people oi Rome. L.Furiw Pmptreovm gover- 
 nor of ^hatProvinceforthetlme ; who having by order from the Senat dillhargedallthereftof I 
 the army but only five thoufand ot allies and thofe latines, abode with that power in the next 
 country to that Province,about Arimmum. He then addreffed his letters unto the Senat,lionify- 
 iDg in how bad terms the province ftood,name]y, that of thole two Colonies, which all the time 
 ofthePunickwar had efcaped thole greatftorms and cempeflsof troubles, the one was won by 
 the enemies and put to the faccage, the other now befieged, and at hand to be loft : neither would 
 his forces be iufficient and able to help the dillreffed Cremonians,unlefs he Ihould wilfully caft a- 
 wav five thoufand allies, and expofe them as a prey unto forty thoufand of the enemies ( forfo 
 many they were Hrongjto have theirthroacs cut,and to be hewn inpeeces ; and by fo greaca lofs 
 and overthrow ofhis,to give more heart and courage to cheenemies,whoarenow in their ruff, 
 and puffed up with pride for the ruin ofoneRoman Colony already. Upon the reading of thefe 
 letters there went forth a decree from the LL. ot the Senat, that C. Aurelim the Conful fliould 
 fend out precepts for the army to be ready at Anminum that very day, on which he appointed 
 them to the RenAezwouz^va Hetruria: and thateitherhimielf inhisownperfon, it it might ftand 
 with the ooodof the State ,would go with a power to fupprefs thefe French commotions, orelfe 
 write to L.Fftriustbc Pr2etor,that whenthe Roman Legions prefented ihemfelves unto him out 
 ciHetruria, hefliould lend in their Head his own five thoufand allies for the guard of HetruriA 
 in the mean'time, and make a journey himfelf in perfon to raife th^ fiege before Cremona^ and to 
 fetthe Colony free that now was beleaguered.l hey thought goodbelides todifpatch Embaffa- 
 dors into Ajfrickjt who fliould go to Cunhage^^vA afterwards to AUfmijf.i in Nnm:dia.lLO Cer- 
 thag-e, for to intimate unto them, That .-^»«/7<r<z'-,a Citizen of theirs.left behind in Fa^sc^, (and L 
 whether he were of the arm V of ^^/^irM^.t/before orafterwardsof ^»«go,ihey knew not for cer- 
 tain Jwa^ed war there,ag3inlt the covenants in the League contained; that he had aflembled cer- 
 tain forces of French and Ligurians^to enter uito arms againft the people of ^(?»»if: and therefore, 
 ifthey had any loveto entertain peai-e they lliouldcallhim home, and deliver him to the people 
 of Rome Over and befidesjthey had incom'^iihion to give them to underftand.that delivery was 
 not yet liiade of all the runnagace rebe!s,out many of them, by report, were retired to Carthagcy 
 and there went up and down, and conver.ed openly j which perfons were, after diligent fearch 
 made,to be attached and apprehended, rh It they might, according to the tenor of the accord.be 
 fent homea^ainjand delivered into the hands of the Romans. And thus much concerning their 
 meifaoe to the Carthaginians. Now they had in charge befides to congratulate with M^amfa, M 
 and to'dedare what joy they took in his behalf;namely /or that he had not only recovered the in- 
 heritance of his fathers kingdom;but alio enlarged his dominion, by conqueftof themoft flouri- 
 Ihin" part of the Realm oiSyphax. Moreover, commanded they were to figoifie unto him,that 
 theyliad undertaken to war upon King Phil>f becaufe he had befriended and aided the Carthagi- 
 nians ; and by offering and doing wrong to the friends of the people of J?!7»wi?,even at what time 
 as all Italy was full of troubles and wars, enforced and put them to it,forto fend their armies and 
 their armadoes into Greece, and fo by difmembring and dividing their forces into fundry places, 
 wastheprincipallcaufe that they were folate ere they pafled over into Africkj requefting him 
 forthe maintenance of this war,tofcnd over certain aids ofNumidian horfemen. Thefe Orators 
 had "reat "ifts and honourable prefents given them for to carry unto the King,to wit, divers pee- ^ 
 ces of pl^te both of gold and iilver,a purple robe ot State, with a rich caffock or coat wrought in 
 palm-tree work witlTa royall Scepter of I v ory,alfo a robe embroydered before with purple, with 
 an Ivory chair of (late. Lall of all^they are willed to make proinife unto the King, that if be could 
 think upon any thing needful! and expedient either to ellablifh his kingdom, or toadvancehis 
 , royall cftate the people of Rome would endeavour refpeaively for his good demerits to compafs 
 
 the fame to the uttermott of their power. 
 
 There arrived alio about that time Embafladors from Vermina the fon of Syphax^ and prefen- 
 ted themfelves unto the Senat, excuting theerrour,and pretending the youth of the Prince,clee- 
 tinghimofallfau;i,andlayingthewholeblamenponthefraud .inu treachery of the Carthagini- 
 ans" promifing for their King and Mafter in this wife,Thath':e as M^'^nijfaoi a profeffed enemy O 
 was become a fworn friend to the Romans, even fo would Fcrmin • do his beft,and ftrain himfelf, 
 that in all offices of frienddiip toward the people of /?(7wf,neuher Mafamp-,nov Any oxhtt fliould 
 furpafs and go beyond him ; andmakin? petition in his name that the Senat would vouchiafe to 
 ;. give him thetitlesofKing,ofAlly)and Friend untotheRomans. Thefe Orators had thisfortheir 
 
 if anfwer.That not only Syph^x^ns father before him,of a confederate friend fuddenjv without any 
 
 * caufe at all proved an enemy to the people of Rome 5 but alfd himfelf had praitifed already in his 
 
 young
 
 J he one and thirtieth Boo\ of Ti'L^Wim, foo 
 
 A young years, and laid the firft ground of his warfare in annoying and tronbling the Romans by 
 war;and therefore he was to I'cckpardorrand crave peaceat their hands, before he might be in- 
 veHedby them with the terms of King,of Ally,and Friend: for the honour of that (iileihepeo- 
 pleof^d'/wf were wont to vouchfafeto none-, but thofe Kings only who had deferved fingnlarly 
 wellofthem. Mary there fhouid be certain Roman Legats in ^j^r/V^, unto whom the Senate 
 would give order to minifler and tender unto Vermina certain conditions of peace,accordin<' to 
 a large and abiohite commiflion that they had from thepeople of A'cw;^ ,To do what they thouoht 
 good. And in cafe the King miiliked ought in thofe capitulations, and weredehrousto have any 
 article added, put ont,()r3ltered, he mulf rccourfeagamio tbeSenat, and demand the f.ime. So 
 there were Legats or Commilfioners fent into AfrtckyixCn fuih a Commiifion abovefaid name- 
 ^ ly^ C. Tere/itim Vnrro Sf, Lucretius, and C». OU.iviiis-, and each ot them had a galleace directed 
 with five rows of oars. 
 
 After this were the Jetrer"! read of ^. /!//»/.'//«/ Prartor in the Province of the £)-»(//,importing 
 thus mutbjThat the confc rated money of Proferf:na at Locn was by night (loin out of her trea- 
 I'ury ; but tof-y who fl-Kuiiddothe deed, they had no prefumptionsfogive light and lead them 
 direifUy. TheSern took the matter in very ill part, and grieved exceedingly, That fatrilegious 
 menfejl ftillcoChurih-robbii g,and would not give over: and that the late and frefli example of 
 PlennrmiSo notorius as well tor the hainous fad as the fearful pnnifliment)was not able to ter- 
 rific them and give them warning. So C. ^w/-/'///// theCof. was tnjoyned to write unto the Prae* 
 tor into the Brutiansconniy.io this cfi'ecl : That it wastheScnnts pleafure,that due enquiry and 
 C examination fhouid be h.id ofthe Trealury thus robbcd.afcer thefameprecedent and courfe that 
 M. /^■,?jp^>c;«TthePrxtor took three years before. AnJlook what money could be found, it 
 fhould be laid up duly in the place; and what was not forth coming, itfhould befnpplied and 
 made good again. Alfo (it he thought mect^ that thercfliould be certain purgatory facrifices,ac- 
 cordiagas the Bifhops before ordained in tfie like cafe, for the expiation and fatisfi(',tion of the 
 viou'inga'^d dehlingof the Temple. Moreover,therechan cd about the fame time divers prodi- 
 gin? ic'r-ens from many places to be reported. In the Luv'ans country the rumor and voi.e 
 vent. t!ia' the welkin was on fire ;3nd at Vrivemumy while the sky was bright and fair, the fun 
 appe.ired red all day long. MLaruvium, in the Temple of J.'f«o5(?^»r,r, there was heard in the 
 night-feafoD a mighty gieat noife.Nay.and more than this, in fundry places(as men fay)were ma- 
 *^ ny moiif-rous and (f range births fcen. In the Sabins country one child was born, and no man 
 knew what to make Oi icmaie or female: and another likewife was found oflixteen years of a^e, 
 a very Hermaphrodite of doubttuU fex between both. At Frufmo there was a lamb yeaned with a 
 fwineshead :3i)d itSi^uefan low farrowed a pig with the head of a man. In the Lu:ans country 
 there wasfoled upon the common ground a colt with five feet. Allthefe monlfers were ugly to 
 fee and abominable, and holden for great defetls and errors of nature working Hranc-ely out of 
 kind. But above all others, thofe births both male and female, (or rather neuter)weremoft ab- 
 horred and deteftedand order was given prefently, that they fliould be caft into the lea 5 evenai 
 of late dales when C.OandttiS and M.Livws were Confuls the like deformed monlf er was thither 
 had away and drowned. Neverthelefs the Decemvirs werecommanded to turn over and perufe 
 E ihebooksof i'/^^/L.to know what i'uch prodigious monflers might portend : whoby their lear- 
 ning and out of thofebooks, gave direiVion to make the fame facrifices which la(f of all for the 
 like uncouth fights were made. Moreover, they gave commandment, that certain hymns and 
 fongs fliould be ch'.nted throughout the City by three feverall quires, of nine virgins in every 
 one; and an oblation to be offered by them with all devotion to queen J:>io, C. yiareliHS the 
 Conful caufed all this to be performed according to the order and direiUon of the Decemvirj, 
 And as in our fathers dales Livius compofed the ditty of the hymn, fo at that time P.Licinihs Tc- 
 ^/r/rf framed and fet down a form of long which they could ling. Thus when all things were expi- 
 ate, and fjtisf.iiflion mnde accordingly for the appealing of the wrath of the gods, (for even at Lo- 
 rn alfo the facriledgc w.is found out by Q^ Mimttins, and the money miifing was raifed out of 
 \ thegoodsof theofienders andg'iikypcrions, and beHowed there again in the treal'ury ) as the 
 Con'uls were minded to take their journey into their Provinces, there repaired many private 
 Citizens unto the Sena t, unto whom the third payment was due that year for the loan ot money, 
 which in the time of /?/. 'Valerius and M, C/<i«i^;«j Confuls they had lent out and disburfed, 
 becaufe that the Conlulshnd made them anfwer, That theiiock f>t the City Chamber was hard- 
 ly able to defray the charges of a new war, which required maintenance of a mighty Navy 
 and of puifiant armies, and therefore flatly denied them, and laid, That they had not where- 
 with to farisfie and make prelent payment. TheScnatcoird not endurethatthey Hiould have 
 thisoccaiion tomakecomp'.aint ; confidering, that if the Common-wealth would ftill employ 
 the money upon the Macedonian war alfo, which was granted in loan tor thePunick war, 
 G thi,- would be the end of it thacfone war following thus in the neck ot another J their own mo- 
 ney which was lent upon a curtelie and benevolence out of their private purii:s, Oionidbelitt.'e 
 better than conf^l':ate for fome forfeiture, and fall to the Exchequer and common Chelt of the 
 City. Thcfe private perfons demanding nothing bur realon and riehr, and heCuy vvirhall 
 rot able to difcharqe her debt, the Lords fet down a middle and indifferent courie between ho- 
 r\^:\^i md profit ; and that was this : Thatforafmuch as many ot thefe men laid, that the Ci- 
 ty li.xi much land upon falCj and they were to buy and make purchafe, therefore the common 
 
 grounds
 
 6^o 
 
 J he one and thmmhBoo\ofT.Lwm. 
 
 orounds Ivin" ard being within fiicy miles of Rome every wayjfhould be granted unto them in fee H 
 farm and theConfuls to fet down aneftimate of their value and worth, and chargethem with a 
 chiet'rent or tribute of three farthings an acre by the year, to teHifie only that they were the Ci- 
 • lands ; to the end that if any man hereafter ( when the City fhould be atorehandandincafe 
 to repay the former debt ) were defirous to have money rather than land, he (houldreltore the 
 lands and pofleflions again into the Cities hands and receive his money. Thefe private Citizens 
 rwho were the foreiaid creditors ) accepted gladly of this offer and condition. And hereupon 
 thislandwascalledbythenameof TrientmsiRATributns-, becaufe it was fet out and granted in 
 lieu of a third part of the lone mony.Then P.Sttlpitiuszkzt he had pronounced his vows above- 
 faid in the CapitoU, and depaited out of the City in his coat of aims, with the Li^tors and U- 
 fliers afore him, arrived at Brmdufium ; and fo with theold voluntary fouldiers drawn out of I 
 the army that was returned from Affrickj (whom he had enrolled into kgionsjand (hips cholen 
 cut of the fleet oi Cornelius the Conful s he loofed from Bmijdufinnii and the next day after lan- 
 ■ ded in Macedonia • where attended him the Embaffadors of the Athenians ; who humbly be- 
 {ou<'ht him to deliver them from the fiege thatinveRed their City.So C.Clapt. Cemo was inconti- 
 remlyfent to y^fifwj^furnifhed with twenty long {hips of war,and a ftrength of men:for the King 
 himfelf in perfonbeficgednot Athens-, but even then made hot affault upon the town Ahydns^Ai 
 havinc already given proofof his forces in fea-fight, both with the Rhodians and King ^«^/;«, 
 and in neither^battell had good fuccefs. But behdesthe ordinary floutnefs and pride engijafled 
 in him by nature,he was alott now and looked high,by reafon of the alliance made between him 
 and AntiochusKingoi Syrht, with whom he had parted the riches and Realm of t/£0pt, untoK 
 which they both a^piredjupon the news they heard of the death of Ptolometts. Now the Athe- 
 nians had drawn upon themfelves the war againft King ThtUf, upon a fmall occafion and of no 
 importance; who of all their ancient ellate and glory, retain nothing elfe but great heart and 
 hauty fpiiit. It fortuned that two young men of ^ca.rna»ia, who had taken no orders and were 
 not confecr'ate, entred among the other multitude into the Temple oiCeres-, in the time of the 
 feaftivall dales' and celebration of facrifices to that goddefs belonging : and being altogether ig- 
 norant in ihecuftome of thatfolemnity and religion, and asking fome foolifh abfurd queftions, 
 nothin" fit for that time or place, were foon bewrayed by their fpeech and language : who being 
 convenled before the Prelates of the faid Temple, notwithftanding it was evidently proved and 
 known,that upon an errour only & overfight^and not for any ill intent they were come into the L 
 Church,yet were they put to death as fellons, and guilty of fome hainous ta£t in the highefl de- 
 cree. The people of hcumanU complained unto King Philip^und informed him of this villanous 
 part and hollile ad by them committed ; and obtained a grant from him, that they might be per- 
 mitted with the aid of the Macedonians,to make war upon the Athenians, This army at firft in- 
 vaded the territories oi Athens-, and with fire and fword made wafle & havock of all, and fo with 
 a rich booty of all forts returned into Acaraania. Thefe were the firft quarrels on both fides,tbat 
 ftirred coals and kindled fire between them. Afterwards was defiance given, and open war pro- 
 daimedjby the generall decrees of both States. For when King Attains and the Rhodians purfued 
 after Ph/l'p^is he retired into Macedmy., and were come as far as t/£ginat\\zn the faid Kingpaf- 
 fed over to PyreMwioi to renew and confirm the league with the Athenians.Againft his comingM 
 the whole City went forth with their wives and children to meet him on the way: the Clergy 
 with their rich veftments and goodly ornaments were ready to' receive him as he entred the Ci- 
 ty : the very "ods themfelves in a manner abandoned their flirines to give him entertainment.Im- 
 mediatly wa's the people fummoned to a generall affembly, that the King might deliver his mind 
 before them all : but afrerwards,uponmore fage advice, it was thought to ftand better with the 
 honour and Majefty ofaPrince,that he fhould fet down iti writing what bethought good^rather 
 than in open place either to blufli himfelf in recounting his favors and good turns done unto the 
 City, or in hearing the acclamations of the multitude in token of joy, to be abafhed and al"ha- 
 med oftheirgrofs and unmeafurable flattery. But in his letters which he fent unto the affembly, 
 and were thefe openly read and publiflied, firll he made a rehearfallof the benefits that this con- jj 
 federate City had received at his hands. Secondly,hedifcourfed of the worthy exploits which he 
 had performed againft Phhp. And finally he knit up all with an exhortation,that whiles they had 
 himfelf, the Rhodians, and efpecially the Romans to friend them, they (liouldput themfelves in 
 arms and begin war ; as who. if they now forflowed the enterprife,and let flip the prefent oppor- 
 tunity ,fliourd hereafter feek in vain to find it, which once they had fo retchlefly loft. Then had 
 theRhodianEmbafiadors audience given them, who lately had done the Athenians a great plea- 
 fure, in recovering and fending home unto Af/;f»H'our long foifts, whichnewly had been boor- 
 ded and taken by "the Macedonians, Hereupon with generall accord they decreed to denounce 
 and waoe war ai^ainli King Philip. But firft they did King Attains incredible honour beyond all 
 meafnre°and then likewifc'to the Rhodians. Thenandneverbefore there was fome fpeech mo-Q 
 ved of ad joyning unto the ten ancient tribes, one other tribe, which of the Kings name (hould 
 be called Attalis. Unto the City of the Rhodians they gavein token of vertue,a Crown of beaten 
 ' Z't. oold. And like as beforetime the men of ZJ/Ww had granted free Burgeofie of their City to the 
 
 */*^'"in*'the^ Aihenians,fothey of Athensnov/ endured the Rhodians with their liberties and franchifes. This 
 ^gean fM,or done, K. Attains returned to his fleet in the rode o\JEp»a. The Rhodians then weighed anchor, 
 ^ubifeiago. and from t/E^ina failed to * Cm. From whence along the ■* Iflands; they palled to the Rhodes: 
 
 and
 
 The one and thirtieth Boo\ofT' Lav w* - 621 
 
 A and in their voyage confedered themfelves with them all,excepting * Andres,* Paros, and * Cycfj- * Andro. 
 TiHSi which were guarded by garrifons of the Macedonians, In t/£^/«^King AttaUu made his a- * ^'fto- 
 bode a certain time,and entrcd inco no action, by o^cai^on of meflengers whom he had fent into '0''"«'>or '. 
 e^colia.and Hmbafladors that were expef^cd trom thence. But as he could not prevail with the ^^""'' 
 ^tolians.&perfwade them to take arms,Lontentingihemlclves with the peace that in fomefort 
 they had concluded with Philip: fo himl'elfjand the Rhpdiansf wh" nodoiibt,ifthey hadpreffed 
 and followed hard upon Philip ,m\ghz have gained and enjoytd thibglorioib titleThat they alone 
 of ihemlelves had delivered Urecceirom fervitude ; by lutttiing him on e a-ain to crofs the leas 
 as far as ^ Hcllelpo>jiui-,zDdio\)oi\'ck himfelf ofthccommLdior.sand import '.nr towns o^ (jlre.cc, *sirettod'C»l' 
 thereby to re-enforce his power and gather more ilrengtli^ga; e food :rd noi;rifhment to rhe vvar, '?/>;//. B.Hhiunt 
 B and in the end let the Romansgoaway >\ith thchonour, both of managing and. illo of finiuino s G'uriii. 
 thefame. Philip carried with him yet a more princely mind and Kingly LO-.^rage : who, although •^•^•■''S^^'tro. 
 he was not abletomatch and make his part good fo miith aswitti AttJnf'-cV\6 theRhodianshis 
 enemies, yet was he nothing at all danted with the thundring threats oftheRrm.inw:>r; but 
 fent Philoclesjd. Captain othis, witha power of two thoufand foot and tvvohundred tcrfe, to 
 invade and fpoil the territory of the Athenu».ns,commited his Aimado to the charge oi'H.r^Yfi- 
 dcs-, to fet failfor ' /J/rtrawf'f, and himfeli in perfon marched by land thither with anctherfe^i- , 
 ment of two thoufand footmen lightly appointed, and two hundred men ofarm^. Mar,ni,;a l.e ^f .(/"f '^' 
 forced at the firii adault. But asfor ^«;if, after he had with much labour and travcll laid fege 
 thereto a long time,in the end he was Mafler thereoi,through the treafon of &/«;;.. f.(V.:jdeputed 
 C L.Governor there for King Ptolom&ui. After this he furprifed and won other Caftles, as CypfcU, 
 Dorifco»,ziid ScrrheumJtom thence he advanced forward to Chofoficfas^wheie hegained i^Uds 
 and Alopccotnefm^sviikh willingly lurrendred : Calltpo/n alio and Mtidjos.vthh fome other pee- 
 ces of bafe account and reckoning. But the Abydens fhut their gates again(l the King/nd would 
 not fufFer fo much as his Embafladors to fet foot within their Cities.There i ay Philip a Ion" time 
 before the town and beleaguered it : and lurely had not Attains and the Rhodians forelfacked 
 the time, it might have been faved and the fiege railed. ^«^/.'/i fent thither three hundred foul- 
 diers and no more to lie in garrifon, and the Rhodians one galley only with four banks of oars 
 out of thcnavy when it rode at Tenedos. And afterwards vvhen as Attalus himfelf was thithec 
 come,at what time as the townfmen could hardly hold out any longer againft the fiege, he made 
 ^ them a fhew only near at hand of fonie help : other relief vvpuld he afford none to his allies ei- 
 ther by land or fea. The Abydens at firlt planted their engins and artillery along the walls, and 
 with diot from thence not only dilirelTed their enernies, and kept them from approach and en- 
 iranccbut alfo annoyed them as they lay in harbour yvith their fliips : but afterwards, feeing pare 
 cftheir walls ruinate and laid open ; and perceiving behdes that theenemieshad undermined 
 and werecome under the ground as far as the inner countermure, which the inhabitants in great 
 harte had raifed within, forthwith they fentEmbaffadors to the King to treat and article about 
 fome ccnditions for deli\eringup the City. Thetownfmcn capitulated and demanded, that 
 the Rhodian Galley aforefaid, with all her mariners, and the garrifon alfo of King Attains., 
 might be fent away in fafety, and them'elves permitted to depart the town every one with a iin- 
 E gle fuit only oFapparel. But Philip made anfwer again that they had no peacefor them at all, un- 
 lefs they wouldquit theplace,andrimply committhemfeUesuntohismercy. ThisEmba{fa?e re- 
 lated unto them, fet them infuch anheat and choler, that partly for fpightand indignation, and 
 partly upon defpair, they fell into the like rage that the iaguntins did in times t>aff. All the 
 dames and wives of the City they commanded to be fhut up within the Temple of Diait.i : their 
 young boies and maidens that were free-born, the fucking babes, together with their nurfes, 
 they caufed to be bellowed wi'hin the common place of pub.ikeexercife: their gold agd lilver 
 they took order tobe brought into the market place: their rich attire, their collly apparell and 
 furniture,to be caft into the two Galleys, the one of Rhodcs-3nd the other of Cyz,ic nm^whkh rid 
 inthe haven: and lart of all, that their Prielis Hi ould be brought forth with their healls for facri- 
 F fice and altars ereffcd in the midft of the place. There firli were certainmcnchofenof purpofe: 
 who fo foon as they perceived the baitaillonof their countrimen defeated and flain, hghtinc 
 beforethc breaches ot the wall, immediatlyfl-iouid run upon their wives and children, and kill 
 them without mercy, call away into the fea their gold and filver, and all the furniture abovefaid 
 that was in the Galleys, and fet the edifice? and houfcs afire, as well publike asprivate,in asm^ny 
 places as poffibly theycould. For the performing and exctution ot thefe premifes, they were 
 bound by an oath minillred unto them ; the form whereof with a curfed malediftion thereto an- 
 nexed, they pronounced word for word from the PrieCls mouth. Then,as many as were of lawful! 
 age to bear arms, fware likewife. That not one of them would depart out of the battellalive, 
 but with viflory. Thus remembring the oath they had taken, and how they called the gods to 
 G witnefs, they fought fo refolutely, that whereas the night would have parted the combate, the 
 King terrified with their furious rage, firlt gave over the conflidf. The chief and principall men of 
 the City, wbofe charge was to play the more cruell and horrible part inthistragicallaft, fee- 
 ing there remained but few alive after this skirmifh ,and thofe grievoufly wounded andtired out ' 
 of heart for weirinefs ; the next morning early by day-break fent their Pricf^s with their infules 
 and veiles ofpea:e,to render the City unto Philip. Before thetown was fullyyielded, Af. S^my 
 //«/the youngeft of thofe three Roman Embafladors which were fent to ^/fAr^^tir/^, hearing ot 
 
 the
 
 ^6^2r^ The one and Ihirtmb Boo\ ofT. Livius. 
 
 hTft^aiahtfieceotthe Abydens came by theconfent of the other two untoP/;i% Where belaid H 
 
 pn that Tie" ances>and made complaint,That he had warred upon Atu-ilus and the Rhodians, 
 ° d nameUeven ihenbefieged and aflailed ^ V^ "^oft forcibly. And when the King anfwered 
 ^hat ^itjls and the Rhodiuns without juft caufe on his part offered, began firft to moleft and 
 
 trial xv <- -r■•^1n^^Il^prf vnti mnlpflpr) anH'rrnnhlprI firft hu rhp AKvfi-Jpnc 
 
 * Aldos, 
 
 troub ehim What! (quoth t/£w;//w again) were you molefled and troubled firft by the Abydens 
 too? P/.';//p'vvho was not wont tobe told the truth lb plainly, thinking this rejoynder ot his 
 more bold and malapert than to be offered to a King," You: youthiull age^quoth he,& fair face, 
 If and above all theB.oman name makech you hardy and audaaous. But I would adviie you all, 
 '■<■ firrt to remember your covenants, and to entertain peace with me. For in cafe ye once begin 
 " with me, and put me to it : I do you underftand, that I alio am luUy refolved to make you feel 
 " the imart and knowjthnthe realm and nation of the Macedonians isnolefs renowned tor feats I 
 ««ofarm3 than the Roman?. p;;;/;phavingdifmiffedthe embaffador, and feized upon allthegold 
 and filler that by on an heap together, loft all the booty of men of quality that might have yiel- 
 ded him a round ranfom. For the multitude of common people fell into luch a fit of rage and 
 madnefs that all of a fudden they imagined thofe who let their lives in the conflia were betray- 
 ed • and fo caftin^ one in anothers teeth their perjury ,and charging the Priefts efpecially that they 
 wereforfworn in delivering them alive unto the enemy whom they had devoted and appointed 
 to death; they ran at once from all parts to the pitifullmaffacre of their own wives and children : 
 and when they had fo done, they made no more ado, but by fire,by fword, by drowning, hang- 
 om<y and one way or other, they wrought a quick dilpatch and clean riddance of themlelves alio. 
 TheKin^^ al^onied to fee them thus horn-mad, llaid the bloudy his ownlouldiers, laying, that *^ 
 he woufi allow the Abydens three dales to dye in. During which term of time.theconquered 
 Abydens exercHedmore fearful cruelty upon their own perfons than ever the conquerors would 
 bav-e putinpraftice in the height of their heat and cholerlck tury.Infomuch as there was not one 
 of them came alive into the enemies hands ; but luch as either faft tied with bonds, or ocherwife 
 bv fome forcible means were ftaid from being their own hangmen, and the butchers of their pro- 
 per bodies ^M'P after he had placed a garrifon at * A;5;<i/« returned into his own Realm. Now 
 when this miferable calamity of the Abydens hadflefhedP/j.-Aptoenterprile war againft theRo- 
 mans like as hnmbaUiott him took heart by the vvofull deftruaion of Sagumnm to do the lem- 
 blable : behold.he was encountred with pofts that brought news, how the Conful was in Eprus 
 already , and had withdrawn his land;forces to hfolloma, ^nd bellowed his fervitors at lea inCor- L 
 
 *^^ '^In this while the Embaffadors who were fent into Kffiica had their difpatch and this anfwer 
 from the Carthaginian. Firft, as touching Aw/Vc^r the Generall of the army and forces in fr-«»<:f, 
 thev could do no more but banifh his perfon,3nd confifdat his goods . Then concerning the fugi- 
 tive traitors and rebels v^hich were run from the Romans, they had fent home again unto them 
 as many as they could fearch out and comeby : and to that purpofe they would addrefs Embaffa- 
 dors themfelves unto the Rom3ns,tofatisfie the Senatinfhat behalf. And prefently they fentro 
 Rome two hundred thouland Modii of wheat,and other two hundred thoufand into Macedony to 
 the army there. From thence the Roman Embaffadors went forward to the King in Numidta. . 
 To Kin" M^tnift they delivered the prefents which the Romans lent, and declared unto him M 
 their commiffion ; at whofe hands they received a thoufand Numidian horl'e, whereas he offered 
 them two thoufand : himfelf took order fortheir embarking, and fo difpatched them into Muce- 
 ¥ M r do»y^W\t\\ provihon of two hundred ihoufand * meafures of wheai,and as many of barley. A third 
 
 Embaffa^e they had to VerminA, who met the Embaffadors asfaras theutmoft marches of his 
 Realm.and to their difpofition and difcretion referred thedrawingand penning of all conditions 
 of peace as they would themfelves : faying withall, that he held any peace whatfoever, that he 
 fliould fftve with thepeople of Rome for good and juft. So there were prefented unto him cer- 
 tain articles and conditions of peace, and for the ratifying thereof he was en joyned tol'enduij 
 
 Embaffadors to /Jowf. , „• t^ j r^ 
 
 Much about the very fame time L. Comelitu Lemulm the Vice-Prxtor returned out of S-^ar.: : n 
 who having declared in the Senat his valiant and fortunate exploits, that for many years tcget!:>er 
 hehidiicW\c\Qd in Sp.'.in ; and in confideration thereof, demanded that it might be lawful' for 
 him to enter the City in triumph: the Senat judged that his noble adsdeferved no lefs than he 
 fuedfor : but they had no fuch precedent from their anceftors, that he fhould be allowed to tri- 
 umph,whohad warred,neitheras Di6tator,nor Conful,norPrxtor :and as for 7.f;7r«/w,in quali- 
 ty of Vice-Pritor only, andnotofConfulorPrstor he took upon him the charge of the Pro- 
 vince of Spai>!. Howbeit, in the end they came down to this point, that he ftiould ride into the 
 City on horfeb'ack as Ovant. But T.Semprowus Longus a Tribune of the Com. interpofcd his ne- 
 oative.alledgino that they had as littleexampic to fhevv for that; and nopraffifeorcuftomt- at all 
 ,. of their ancient'predcceffors. But in fine the Tribune gave place to the gererali accord of the LL.O 
 r\Y»°tVr''? and vvascontent tobe over-ruled. So after the order let down by the Senat, L. Le«tulus trmtd 
 (I'.'i e'ouncr*. Rome in that folemnity and pomp before-named. He prefented in flievv of the pillage that he had 
 » ?8;oo 1'. got,* 44000 pound weight of filver, * 2450 pound weight of gold. To hisfouldiershediftribu- 
 ftcil.ai^li, ledoutofthefpoil * 120 Affes apeece. 
 
 *"""/'"• Now was the army of the Conful tranflated already kom hretiumto hriminumy and five 
 
 Lnei.Oi. ' thoufand Latine allies werepaffedcut oi^rance into Etr»r/<».ThereforeL.f«r/«jdepanedfrom 
 
 hriminHm
 
 The one and thirtieth Boo\ of T. L i vius. 5^ ^ 
 
 A Ar/w/««w,made bafte by taking great journeyes to come againii the Gaulswho then laid C^z^'t to 
 Cremona, snd em ampcd within a mile and an halt from the enemy. Means and opportunity he 
 had to do a notabie exploit , and win a good hand of the enemies, it immediatly upon his firft 
 coming he might have aflailed their Camp : for they wandrcd to and fro in Icattering wile up and 
 down the country a forragmg, and had left no lufficient guard for the deten. e of their Camp. But 
 he feared greatly that his loiildiers were weary and tired : beeauie the companies marched apace 
 thither in exceeding great li-lk. Howbeic the Gauls being called back by the hooping and hol- 
 lowing of theirfellows. let go their booty which they had in manner as good as in their hands, 
 and returned CO the Camp, and the morrow after ranged themfelvesmbatteu array.TheRom.ins 
 werenot behind for their parts, albeitthey had hardly time enough to let themfehesin order 
 B the enemies ran lo fuddcn;y,and madefuch ha(ie to fight. The right wing ('tor thearmy of the al- 
 lies was divided into wings) was placed iq the vanguard: the two Roman'lefions in the rerc- 
 ward ; M.FHriwi led the right wing, M, Cealiushid thecondui"t of the legions ; and L.VMeri' 
 usF laccHs(2\\r.\\itt Lieutenants) commanded the Cavalry.ThePrastorkept with him two Lieu- 
 tenants, Cn.Leciorihs-, and P. Titinius^ by whofe means he might look about from every pait,and 
 be ready to oppofe himfelf againll al fudden attempts whatfoever of the enemies. At the firft, the 
 Gauls hoped that with their numbers tbeyfliould be able to tread down and trample I'nder tl; ■ 
 feet that right wing of allies which was mthe forefront: and to that effect they reou ed their 
 multitudes into one place, and charged upon it with all their might and main together.Butfeein^ 
 thatencerprile fped not well, tbey endeavoured to environ the corners and (ides, and to compafs 
 *- the enemies round about: which they thought they might foondo, being fo many as they were 
 in comparifon of fo few : which when the Praetor perceived, to the end that he alfo might rpre.'.d 
 out his battcillons at large, he difplaied the two legions in the rereward, fo «s he compailed on 
 both hands that wing which fought in the vanguard:and therewith vowed two Chappels toj^- 
 p;f ^r,if that day he might be fo fortunate as to vanquifii his enemies. To L. VaUrmt he gave di- 
 redition, that of one lide he fliould with the Cavalry of the two legions, andon the other fide 
 with the horfe belonging to the allies charge upon the wings of theenemies, and not fufFerthem 
 in any cafe to endofe the battell about. Herewithallhimrelfalfcefpyingthemidle battaillon of 
 the Gauls to be but thin,by reafon they were llretched out irom thence to the corners and points 
 of each hand, commanded his fouldiers to keep clofe together, to advance forward and break 
 ^ through their ranks.So were the wingsof the Gauls by the horfemendifcomfited.and they in the 
 midlt repulfed back & chafed by the footmen : and when the enemies thus at once on every hand 
 were beaten down and killed. they (hewed their backs, and fled as faft as they could to the camp. 
 The horfepurfued them in the rout and chafe ; and anon the legionary footmen made after alfo, 
 and gave an affault upon their Camp. There efcaped from thence not all out fix thoufand: flaio 
 there were and taken prifoners above 3 5000, with feventy banners and enfigns, and more than 
 two hundred French wagons, charged and laden with much pillage. In this conflift, Kmilcar the 
 Generall otV.he Carthaginians loft his life, and three Noblemen of the French, Leaders of mark 
 and name.The Placentine captives, to the number of two thoufand men of free condition, were 
 delivered again to them of their ownColony. This was a goodly viftory 5 and upon the letters 
 E which came with tidings thereof to Ro»;e, received therewith great joy ; and ordained it was, 
 that a folemn proceflionlhouldbeheld forthefpace ofthreedaies. Of Romans and allies one 
 with anothtrvthere died in this battell two thoufand: moftof them were of that right wing, up- 
 on which'the enemies in the beginning of the conflift moft ot all difcharged their fury. 
 
 Albeit the Prartor had brought the war to a good pals, >ind in manner finiflied it, yet the 
 Couful alfo C. hHrcliiis-, having accomplifhed his neceflary affairs at /^»we, made no ftay but 
 took his journey into FMwf, and received the viftorious army of of the Prxtor, The other Con- 
 ful who came into his Province but a little before the end of Autumn, wintered about Af //o- 
 «/rf.The Roman gallies which from the Armado that lay in dock at* rorcrr<?,were lent as is afore- * ra h 
 faid to Af /?e«nvith C. Claudius ^w&zt no fooner arrived at fyremm-, but they mightily comforted ^^ "' 
 F the allies, whofe hearts were well-nigh done: lor neither were there any more inrodes now by 
 land as there were wont to be from Cortnth fide by the way of Megara along into their territo- 
 ries : and the men of war and Pyrats ftiips which from Chdcis had made not only the feas dan« 
 gerousto the Athenians,but alfo the maritime &fea confts,durft not now approach nearer than 
 to the cape o{Sii>num-,x\oxiOi venture into the open main lea from out of the ftraights oiEur:pn:. 
 Over and befides, there came in to them three Rhodian gallies with four banks of oars: there 
 were alfo three open fliips of Af/;fw well rigged and appointed, for to keep the quarters that 
 lay along the river. Clti:idit^s was well appaied, and thought he had got enough for the pre- 
 fentjin cafe the City and Territory of Athens might be fufficiently guarded by this fleet. But fee, 
 thereprefented untohim anoccurrentbefldesoffargreater importance and confequence. Cer- 
 tain banifl-.ed perions of Chalcia^ expelled from thence by the wrongs and violence of thofe 
 G that I'.ded withKing P/)/7/p,advertifed him. that the City oiCh^dcis might be eafily furprifed with- 
 out any conflidl: orrefiftanceat all: for, not only the Macedonians ranged abroad every where 
 up and down becaui'e there were no enemies near at hand to fear; but alfo the townfmen 
 preiuming upon the garrifon of the Macedonians, neglefted the guard of the City. Upon the af- 
 fur jnce of their words, he fet forward : and although he was arrived at Sumum with \o good 
 fpeed,thac he might with eafe have failed to the entrance of the flreights ot Eubaeaf'^ix. for fear of 
 
 being
 
 ^54 '^^^ ^"^ '^^^ thirtieth BoqI^qj X, Livius. 
 
 being difcovered(\vhen he was once got paft the cape)he kept his fleet within the bay (Hll untill j. 
 nioht : and at the ftiutcing in of the evening he weighed anchor and hnched forth, and having a 
 caTm Tea he arrived before Chalcii a little before the break of day , and prefented his forces againft 
 ibole parts of the City that were lealt peopled : and with the help of fome few fouldiers he fca- 
 led and "ot the Tower that flood next,vvith the wall about it, whiles in fome places che warders 
 were found afleep ;and in others not at all to be found. Then they advanced forward unto ihofe 
 parts that were more inhabited, and ffood thicker with tioufes ; where, alter they hnd killed the 
 Euardacd broke open a gate,they received into the town all therelt of their louidiers.VVhereup- 
 on there was running now on every hand into all parts ofthe City, and finich bun y and confufi- 
 on ; which was the greater,becaure the enemies had fct tire on the hoiifes about the market place. 
 TheKingsgainersalfowereof a light fire, together with the arfenall and armory, wheretherel 
 was cxceedino (tore ot provifion, of engins, of artillery and other ordnance and inflruments for 
 war.Aftet this they fell to execution and tomaffacrein every place,as well thofe that fled as thofe 
 that made head ; fo as they miffed not onethatwas of agemeet tobear arms but either he was 
 killed or put to flight. i'o/j^ffr likewife the Acarnanian Captain of the garrifon was there flain.All 
 the piilac'e was fir.l brought and piled up together in the common place of the City, «nJ after- 
 wards embarked. Theco'mmonGoalbefides was broke open by the Rhodians, and thepriioners 
 and captives let out, whom Phi/ip had there lodged as in a place of furelt guard and cultody. 
 Then they overthrew the Images and If atues of the King,and brake their necks: which done.ihey 
 founded the retreat, went a fhipboord,and returned to Pyrf^cww /rem whence they came. But if 
 the number of Roman fouldiers had been fuch,th3t they might have kept ChaUti ii ill with a gar- K 
 rifon, without quitting and abandoning the defence oi Atbe-s, a great matter nad been got in the 
 very beginning of the war : to wit. the City oiChalcis and the paffage of £«ri/»«;,h3d been taken 
 from the Kins. For as the narrow pafs of Thermopyle tloppeth the waies into G"? etct by landlo the 
 (freights of Enrtpas makcth all lure by fea. Phil p ,5t that time ley in the City DmieinAs ; . where, 
 after he heard the news of the calamity befaSn upon a confederate City, albeit now it wastoo 
 late to help when all was loft ; yet becaufe he would be revenged (whiih is a thing that cometh 
 near to the nature of aid and fuccour) he went forth imqiediatly with five thoufand footmen 
 liohtly appointed and nimble, and three thoufand horfemen,' with all thefpeed and half fie could 
 to reach near unto Chalets '■> making full reckoning that the Ijlomans might be furprifed on a fud- 
 den : but being difappdinted of this hqpe, andthither come where he could lee nothing elfe but L 
 apitiousfpeftacleof a friend-City halfruirtace and liillfmoSking and ib few people left alive, that 
 they hardly were able to bury their dead, he returned a,s ha(fily as he came ; and having pafTedo- 
 ver Eur if us zx. a bridge, he lead flreight to ^thenshy the way of Bwotia, with a deep perfwafioc 
 and hope that a like enterprife unto the Romans fliduld ha\'e the like iffue. And verily he had not 
 milfedofthefemblibleeffedf, correfpondenttohisdehgns, butthat acertain watchman ( one of 
 thofe whom the Greeks call HemerodraiKos^ihat is.poits and carriers that in one dales fpace will 
 run and rid a mighty deal of ground) defcriedfrom a w itch-tower the Kings troops matching: 
 whereupon he ran out afore and came to ^//ic».f ere midnight. There were they all afleep too, 
 and asretchlefs a<;tliey ofC/Wf;.- wereafew dales palf, which was the lofs of their town. The. 
 Pritor of the Athenians, and r>/«x/^/»?« the Captain of a regiment of hired flrangers and aid- j^ 
 lbuldiers,awoke atthisfofearfu;landludden tidings and got up, affembled the fouldiers into 
 ihemarket-(kad,and commanded to found alarm from the higheft place of the City, that all men 
 mi"ht take knowledge that the enemies were near at hand. By which means they ran every man 
 from all parts to the gates and up thewails. Within tew hours after, andfomewhat beforeday- 
 light,he approached the City: and feeing many lights every where, hearing alio anoife of peo- 
 ple runningto and fro (as in time offucha tumult.; he ftaid his march-and commanded his l^oul- 
 diers toht^fhem down and relf themfeives, intending rorro cedby overt and open forces, fince 
 covert- and crafty courfes fped no better: and ioat Icngct; fie came before Dimios. ThisI),^)/- 
 /« is a gate, flanding in the very front of the City, greaiec ^nd wider a great deal than the reft. 
 Both \vithin and without that gate are large and broad f.r."cis, fothat both the inhabitantSj^ 
 within may marfliall an army, and lead in battell array from i he common place diredfly to the 
 ''ate-^andalfo the enemies without have room at will to conduct a power as well of horfe as foot, 
 by means of a fpacious caufey or high-way, which reacheth out .ilmoft a mile in length from 
 the forelaidgatc and eadeth to the place ofexercife or fchool caUed hcademia. At this quarter 
 of the City the Athenians, together with the garrifon of Af^/^f and t he regiment of D;o.v;pp«f, 
 iflued forth, and entred the caufey abovenamed, having firli wichint! p gate ferrheir men in or- 
 der of battell. Which when P>W//ifaw, he made full accounr,Th,M ' ■ 1;-. his enemies as he would 
 himfelf to do his plcalure with them, and that now he fhouid*'r;avch!s fillof amaflacreand 
 {blighter that he had v^iflied forlolong ( for there was not a '^^ate^^rCify in allf7>f^<-t thathe 
 malicedmorc than this of Athens.) And therefore he exhorted jnd en.oiujgedhisfouldiers,thatQ 
 ihcy fliould have their eye upon him ever as they fought,?rd know we!) this,ih.it where the King 
 was,thcre fliou'd the banners and cornets be diiplaied tf cr^ fliou d the (^rength and 'or eo^tl^e 
 battell be : and fo he-l'et fpurs to his horfe, and ran with full carreer to charge the enemies. Thus 
 washcnotonly carried away with heat of choler, but raviftied al^o with a dcre of glory, e- 
 fteeming it a, goodly thing, and a matter tending to his great b'^nour forrobeleenngbring in 
 the vi«YV( ofigreAcrcwltHudc of people that had taken up and filled the battlements of the walls 
 ..•iij (as
 
 The one and thirtieth Boo(of T. Livius. 62< 
 
 A (as ic were; to behold a folemn fpeaacle. Thus being advanced a good way befofe the main 
 battaiI,accompanied with fome few men of arms, he rode among the mids of the enemies,' where 
 hebarehimfelflo valiantly, that as he mightily hearinedhisownmen,fo heaftiohted no'lefshis 
 enemies. Many a one he wounded with his own hand, reaching at them that were neer leveiUnc^ 
 at thole that were farther otf, atid drave them afore him like (heep,and followed hard upon rhtm 
 in perfon to the very gate ; where he made toul work among them, thronged and crouded as thc^/ 
 were together in the Hreighcot ihepaflage, tor hart they made to elcapc, and commitfdaoric- 
 vous llaughter. And albeit this was but an unwife andrafh adventure of his,yethe retired h'Oi 
 lelt in iafety,without farther danger of his perfon.by reafon that i hey who were pKxed in the tur' 
 rets of the gate, forbare to fhoot and lance their darts, becaufe they would not 'lurt their own 
 
 B fide, intermingled among the enemies. But after this, when the Atheni ins kept their lo.udiers 
 within the walls,P/»;/;/, lounded the retreac,and pitched his tents at Cpwft-^et, whe-c there was a 
 Temple oiHercuUs.md a fchool of learning,and a grove Handing about it.'Asfor Cy^oftraes^iad 
 the ichool Z,;m<w, and whatfoever was either religious, or plenlant and deleilible about the 
 City^vvas burned. And not only the edifices, but the fepulchres alfo and monuments of the dead 
 were defaced and call down : in which furious heat of anger, nothing was fpared, were it facred 
 orprophane, without regard ofGod and man. Thenextmorrow,when the gates were fiift kept 
 fhut,and afterwards fet open again upon a fuddain,becaufe the "arriion of /^r°;i/«/entredinto the 
 City from JEgin^ and the Roman from Pyr(<iHm fide ; P/)////) diflodged and removed back from 
 the City aimod three miles. From whence he went to £/f«/?«e,hoping to furprife the Temple at 
 
 C unaw3res,together with the Town andCaaie,which both environcth the Temp!e,and alfocom- 
 mandeth the lame. But when he perceived that the c<7?-;j-^e f«.Wwasnocnegleded, and that a 
 fleet behdes was coming fromP;r(<c«w to luccour them, he gave over this defign,and led his army 
 10 Megar a, and fo nreight forward immediately to Qonnth; and having intelli<^ence. that the 
 Achsi held a general Diet and counfel at ylrgos, thither he came unlocked for oUhe Achians 
 and put himfelf amongit them at the veryfdfion and aflembly. Conlultation thqre was, about 
 waging war with Nabi^ the tyrant of the Lacedemonians: Who feeing, that iheSeionory of 
 ^ch<t.i was taken from Vh,lopsme»es and conferred upon Cycltades, a Captain not to be named 
 end compared with him, and perceiving alfo that {heaids which the Achxanshad, were fallen 
 from them and gone,took their vantage .renued the old quarrel, and made frelh war upon them, 
 
 D walhngthe villages and territories of the borderers, yea, and threatning the good Towns and 
 Cities alio. Now whiles they fat deviling and conterring together what number of fouldiers 
 fhould be levied and enrolfed out of every feveral ftate and City, for to withdand this common 
 enemy, Ph,l,p franckly promifed to eafe them all of that care as touching Nabu and the Lacede- 
 monians;and not only to impeach them forfpoihng the lands of their Alliessbutalfotolead his 
 army out of hand into the vejy territory of L;«:o«/<:^ andSparta, and thither to turn the whole 
 terror of this war. This kind ipeech and friendly offer of his, being with a general applaul'e of 
 them ah accepted. ," Mary, this you mull (quoth hej takc-withal, thatgood^reafon it is, whiles 
 I" Imy .elfam content to defend and maintain yourcountry by myforces, mine own territories 
 *^ m the mean time be not disfurniflied of their garrilons and left naked : and therefore, if ye think 
 
 E " good, provide me as many fouldiers as may fuffice for the guard oiOreHmfhJcisand Connthy 
 ) that thus making all lure behind me,I may be fecured from danger that way,and with more re- 
 ^ toiution pvofe.ute the war againllATl'^ij and the Lacedemonians. The Achxans fmellcd him 
 •quickly Sc knew full well,to what end this gracious promife of his and frank offer of aid aoainft 
 the Lacedemonians tended. His only drift wasto draw forth oiPeUpoyiHefiu theyouth and°flour 
 oftheA-hians a? a pledge and lure hollage.for to engage the whole nation four as they fliould 
 beimereffed in the war that he had with theRomans.CjcZ/Wr^ the Pretot of the Achxans think- 
 ing it bootlefs,_ and no good policy, [o difcover fo much and to enforce that point againll him, 
 inferred only this fpeech andfaid. That it was not lawful by the cuftomes and ordinances of the 
 Achxans, to propofe other matters to parleof, thanthofefor which they were aflembled toge- 
 
 F ther: and lo after the order ena^ed for levying and waging anarmy againll AWw, hediflolved 
 and brake up the affembly, which he now had heldright doutly and with the liberty of the place, 
 who otherwife,belore that time was taken ever for no bettci jthan one of the Kin^s flatterers and 
 favorits. Thus Plil,j, put behdes the great hopes that he had conceived, levied fome fmaL num- 
 ber ot voluntary fouldiers, and returned to C.onmh and the land of uitt:c >. 
 
 During the time that Ph.ip was in ylchaa, PhdocUs a Cipcain under the King, departed out 
 ot E„l,ooa vyith two thoufand Thracians and Macedonians, for to waft and fpoil "the confines of 
 the Athenians ; and overagainft £/f«7/;7^pafledovcr the forreft and hill C>f/;f>-o«, from whence 
 having fent out the one halfot his forces every way to prey upon the plain conmry, hefathim- 
 lelf clown dofe with the other half in a convenient pUce for an ambufh, to the end, that if per- 
 
 G adventure they flioiiid make out from the Fort at Eleitfinc, and fet upon his fouldiers asihey 
 dravebooties, he might fuddainly arife and chargeupon the enemies at unawares, fpred and fcat- 
 tereda'l abroad. But this ambufliment was difcovered. And therefore after he had called the 
 lonldiers back who were run all abroad a foraging,he put them in order well armed & appointed 
 to heiiege and affault the Forr of £/.-«/?«^againft which heled all his forces : but after much hurt 
 an,l many a wound received from them, he retired, and joyned with Philip as he returned out of 
 jicb£.u The King alfo himfelf in perfon^afliiied to force and batter thefaid hold: but the Romaa' 
 
 lii
 
 ^35 '^be one and thirtieth Boo\ ofT. Livius. 
 
 ' £hips coining from Pyrea « w, and a frcflb garrifon received into the place, caufed him perforce to H 
 
 five over the enterprile. Afterthls the King divided his powerjandfent one part thereof againft 
 Zithens, under the conduft oiPhtUcies, andhimfelf with the other marched to P^^-ftf^wj: that 
 whiles Philocles kept the Athenians within the City, by approaching their walls, and threainiug 
 to befiege and affault it, he might himlelf with facility win and gain Pj?'f<e««»,w herein there was 
 leftbuta fmall and flight guard. Buthe found as hot a peece offervice about the aflailing of P^- 
 >-<r<£«w, as before at £^»yj«e, byreafonof the fame fouldiers in manner^that defended as well the 
 one as the other. So on a fuddain he departed from Vyre^um-U marched diredly toward Athens, 
 from whence he wasrepulfed and chafed by a fuddain fally both of horfe and foot,made from the 
 freights of the wall half ruinat ; which wall (fetching out,as it were, two arms, joyneth the port 
 Vyre£umx.oAtheri%, So he left battering and affaulting the City, and parting again his army with j 
 Vhilocles^ he went out to forrage and fpoil the country : and as in his former faccage he exercifed 
 himfelf in demolifhing the tombs all about the City, fo becaufe he would leave nothing eiatire 
 and fafe, he commanded the chappels of the Gods, which were confecrate in every village and 
 hamlet, to be pulled down, rafed, and burnt. _ , 
 
 The countrey oi Attica was marvailoufly beautified and embelifhed (as it were) with goodly 
 peecesofwork in that kind, (by reafcn as well of the ftoire they had of native marble, as alto of 
 their indulkious and excellent workmen) which miniftred matter and occafion unto him of this 
 outraoe and madnefs. For not contented and fatisfied with the ruin of the Temples, and cafling 
 down of images, he commanded that the very ftones fliould be broken and barter'd in peeces, 
 that left being whole and found theymight fervc to make up and ft op the breaches of the ruins, jj 
 And after that his fell mood and anger was not fo much fatisfied and fatiate, as it wanted matter 
 to work upon in that place, he departed out of his enemies countrey laioBceotia^ and performed 
 no other deed in Grfet-i? worthy of remembrance. 
 » sllfopiii't, vi- Snlfittus the Conful at that time lay in camp between * ApoHoma and * Dyrrachiftm, neer the 
 Mto, I'lirgo, river Apjt** • and having caufed T.Afuftitu the Lieutenant to come thither jhe fent him with part 
 V'&^o. of his forces to wait the borders of his enemies, hpuflms after he had forraged the frontiers of 
 
 ""^""^'^^iYo . J^acedany^ztid forced at the firft affault certain holds, z%Conhagum-, Gerrhefiiitm, and Orgejfumy 
 no, ig' • ' ^^^^ ^j^l^ j^jg ^^^^ before kntifatria, a City feared in the narrow flreights of a certain paffage. 
 And firft he called forth the principal and chief citizens to a parly,and affaied to perfwade and in- 
 duce them for to commit themfelves under theproteition and fafeguard of the Romans: butL 
 afcerwards,feeing they trufted upon their greatnes,the ftrong walls and fituation of the Town,3nd 
 therefore made no reckning of his motives,but rejefted them, he afl]?iled it by force of arms, and 
 wan it in the end. All that were above fourteen years of age he put to the fword ; the whole pil- 
 lage he dealt amongft the fouldiers J the walls he rafed-.ahd let fire on the Town. The fear of like 
 mifery was the caufe thatCo^^'w, aTownofgoodftrength and well fortified, was yeelded to the 
 Romans without affault, or any fword drawn. Jhere he left a garrifon: and after that, he forced 
 Jlium^ Town better known for the name that it carieth ot the other famous Ilium in Afia^ than 
 for any thfng elfe. As the Lieutenant returned with a great booty to the Conful,one Athenaq^ortu 
 a Captain under theKing,charged upon the tail of the arreergardvdifordred the hindmoft,and im- I 
 peached their paffage over the river : but the Lieutenant,at their cry and fnddain affright rode in wf 
 all haft back, caufed them to turn again and make head, fet them inbattail ray, and befto wed all 
 their bag and baggage in the raids upon a heap. The Kings fouldiers not able to abide the violence 
 oftheRomans,were many of them flaiujand more taken prifoners. So-the Lieutenant having re- 
 tired his army in fafety,was immediatly fent back unto the Confui to the Armado, 
 
 The war being thus begun, and the exploit of this firft expedition happily performed,the Prin- 
 ces, Potentates, and LL. that bordered upon the Macedonians, repaired into the Roman camp, 
 to wit, Tleuratpu the fon of Scerdiletm-, Aminander King of the Athamans : and from Dardania^ 
 Batoihtiono{ Longarns. This Lofigartts hid viagtd war aforetime in his own name and quarel, 
 with Demeiriiis the father of this Philip. Thefe States offring and promifing their aids unto the 
 Conful, had this anfwer from him, That for the Dardanians and PUuratus, he would ufe them, N 
 when heentredwith anhoftinto Macedo>ry. As for ^»;/«^;?<^?r,he gave him in charge the while 
 to Ibllititthe vEtolians to war. The Embaffadors of ^ff^/w(for they alfo were come at the fame 
 time) he difpatchcd with this order, That their King (hould attend the coming of the Roman 
 fleet at e/£^;«rf, where he wintered ; with which and his own jointly together, he (hould affail 
 rhiltf at fealike ashe had done beforetime. Embaffadors alfo were addreffed to the Rhodians, 
 that they likewife fhoiild have their hand and be feen in this war. Phiitpfoi his part forefiowed 
 not to make preparation ^for now by this time was become into Maeedony) znd feat with part 
 of his forces for to keep the ftreights of the paffage of Pelagoni^, his fon Perfens, a very child of 
 young years, havingchofencertainof his trufty friends, to diredl: and govern his tender age. As 
 » 9cUiO' ^^'^ * ^c'^^'htis and * Peparethuf, two Towns of no fmail importance he deflroied,for fear the ene- r% 
 
 ' Lemv.t- rales fleet fl^ould feize upon them, and with their pillage content and pay themfelves.He fent like- 
 wife Embafladors to the Atolians (a nation inconftant and unquiet by nature^ that chey fhould 
 not upon the arrival of the Romans,change their alleageance.Now the Diet or general councel of 
 all the ftates of t/£to//4, which they call PaKHtoUum^ was to be held at a certain day appointed. 
 And therefore to prevent and meet with all dangers,both the Kings Embaffadors made haft to be 
 prefcni thereat; and alfo L. Furius Purpurio prefented himfelf there, as fent Embaffador from the 
 
 Conful.
 
 The one and thirtieth Boo^of T. Livius. 627 
 
 A Conl'ul, The Athenian Embafladors likewife were at this aflembly. And firit the Macedonians 
 (with whom a league was but lately concluded, and therefore freflie(t in remembranLC^ had au- 
 dience, who laid, •' They had no new matter to fpeak of, feeing there was no new occurrent and jhe Oracion 
 " buhnefs fallen out: only this,that upon what motives and conliderations they wereentred into ct tfeeMacedo- 
 " an accord and peace with King Philip, (as having experience that the alliance with the Romans ""n Embaff*- 
 " never did them good)forihe very fame they fliould maintain it Hill, being once concluded & ''''"•' 
 *' conhrmed. Or, love yerather (quoth one above the reH of the Embaffadors) to imitate the 
 *•' Romans licentioufnes or their levity, I know not whether ? who, as they gave order and com- 
 "mandment, thatyour Embafladors being at ^(?w»f, fliould receive their difpatch andanfvverin 
 '■'■ thele terms : Come ye now to us indeed my malkrs ofJEtolia, when without our conl>nt and 
 B'' warrant ye have mide peace with /'/.i///p?fo likewife atthisprefenc are ready torequirethat ye 
 '*fhouldband with them and war upon ?A»//p.They pretended aforetime that they took arms a- 
 "gainlf him,by occafionofyon,inyourquarel and defence; Scnovv they forbid you to be in peace 
 '•*' with Philip. At fir(f,tney entred into SicJrioi to aid and luccour Mejfana. A fecond time they 
 *' vVent thither to let free and deliver Syrauffa out of the opprelfion of the Carthasinians. And 
 *' novv at thistime they hold in poflclfion both Mejfana zr/d Syrac» fa: and all ^/W/)' entire they 
 " have^fnade it tribut.iry.yea,3nd rediKed it into the form of a Province, to be ruled under their 
 /' fword,andthe jurifdidion oftheir Deputies and MagiRi^tes.Inj^ood faith, I aflureyou,that as 
 ' " ye according to your laws & curtomes hold your Diets & Coun.cls at Naiip,iEtiiM,by your own 
 " Magiftrats eleitcd and created among your ielves,wherem ye have liberty to make choice both 
 C '• of friends and enemies whom ye will and to entertain either peace or war at your pleafure : lb, 
 " writs are lent out to the State; of Sic./ji for their knigats and burgefles, to aftemble in Pjrlia- 
 " menc at Syra::ufe,zi Mijfaia.,01 Lilybattm. And the Roman Pretor it is and no other chat fum- 
 '' moneth them thither,as alfo to their Aflifes and Seifions: at his commandment 3: not otherwife 
 " they are cited to general Councels. Him they fee fitting on high in his tribunal feat, guarded 
 *' with Lii^ors,aitended upon with Ufhers,there to hear and determine caufcs, and from aloft to 
 " pronounce hard fentences and proud awards. His rods threaten their backs and fides. his axes are 
 <' ready to chop their heads from their flioulders: & from yeir to year new Lords flill they choofe 
 *■• and fend among them. And this dealing, none ofthem either can or oughttomarvail at: for 
 " whyPthey fee Cities of /r^t/^jby name Rhe^ium^T.ircfituw-ntid Capita (to fpeak nothing of their 
 I> '■ neighbour Town3,by whole fall they arofe,by whofe ruins Rome grew mighty )fubjeft likewife 
 '' to the fame rule and government. As fnr Captta:,ihe very fepulcher^and tomb of the Compan na- 
 "lion (now that the natural people thereol are either dead and buried, or driven out as exiled 
 " perfons) remajneth at this day as a monlkr and wonder in nature, refembling a headlefs and 
 " limleiV difmembred trunk of a body:a Tovvn(I fay)\vichout Semt,wfthout Commonalty, with- 
 '• outM.igillrats: wriercmore .ruelty was fhewed in leaving it toitfelf thus abandoned, and in 
 '^ this manner to be inhabitcdjchsn it it had been clean rafed and laid even with theground. Meer 
 *•' folly it is and without all fenfc and reafon, to believe or hope, that if thefeftrangers and aliens 
 " born ('who dift'cr more from us in language,in cuftomes and laws. than they are diff ant and dis- 
 '* joyned by fpa^e between of land and fea)be once feized andpoffefled ofthefe places, that any 
 £ '' thing will continue long entire in the prefent (iate.The Kingdom of Philips ye will fay )i s a block 
 " in your way and feemech to prejudice your freedom ?<; liberties: yet he being made your heavy 
 " friend;and that through your own fault and defert required no other thing at your hands for a- 
 "mends,butpeace;and even now defireth nought elfebuc your alleageance, and thehichful ob- 
 ''fervance of the fame. Acquaint forein legions once with this yourcountrey; you takethe yoke 
 " of fervitude upon your ne.ks for ever. Accept the Romans once for your Lords: too late it will 
 "be then and in vain for you,tofeek W;////) again, and willi him your ally. Small matters and mo- 
 "mentany occafions may well caufe the /Etolians, Acarnanians and Macedonians, (men of one 
 '' language) to fall out, and as flender motives, willfoon make them 'riends again : a little thing 
 " fetteth thcipata jar, and as little I rini;eth them in tune. Bnt allGrea.'nsboth aieand ever will 
 p " beat war with Barbarians: enemies they are by nature, which is perpetual and immutable; and 
 " not by occahons which alter every day. But where 1 begin my ipeech there will 1 leave& make 
 "an end. In this very place you the fame men agreed three years pa(t to have peace with Philip: 
 " and the felf-fame Romans as they mifliked then & difavowed that peace fo now they wil needs 
 '"difquiet and trouble it after it is once pafied and accorded. And fince thecaieftillisallone and 
 " fortune hath made no alteration, I fee no reafon why ye fliould vary and change your minds. 
 After theMacedonians, the Athenians entred in place, for the Romans were well contented 
 therewith, and would needs have it fo: '*ThcfeAtheniins having fuffred many wrongs and in- TheOratjon 
 *' dignities at the Kings hands, had jufler caufe oft omplaint- and more reafon to inveigh and ag- of the AtHeni. 
 '' gravate matter ngainit his cruelty and outragious dealings. Firlf , they bewailed the piteous '" EmbaOa- 
 Q '^ fpoil & miferable lace age of their territories: neither complained they fo much and found them- "'^" 
 '"lelves grievedjnthat they had fuffained harms andfuffred hoHility from anenemy.(for therebe 
 *■ certain laws andri",hts belonging unto war,by vertue whereof to give and take, tofuffer harm 
 " and to do harm interchangeably .is an ordinary matter and allowable : As for example,the bum- 
 ping of landing corn in the field, rafing and pulling down of houles harrying ^nd driving of boo- 
 '' ties both of men and cattail, rather pitiful calamitie.^:, than fliameful indignities to endure.) 
 " But this is the point fay they, and hereof we complain, Thaihe who termed the Romans, 
 
 lii 1 flr angers
 
 638 
 
 »^he one and thirtiethBoo\ ofT. Livius. 
 
 The Orition 
 of thr Roman 
 Embailidors, 
 
 ''ftianoers born, and barbarous, hachfo polluted and violated at once all laws of Cod andma&^H 
 *' fc as in his tormer rode and expedition helccmed to make molt iirpious war with the inlernal 
 ,"* Gods and Spirits beneath .• and inthe fecond,with ihebea\enly powers and Gods above. AH 
 f 'the monuments and tombs within their tonfines are defaced and deHroyed -. ihedead in their 
 <' graves are alllaid bare, not fo much as the bones ol any one lye covered with mould. Temples 
 " we had and Chappels, which, as in times pafi \\ hen orr ancellors inhabited thofe fmall holds, 
 '■'■ kamlets and villagesjthey confecrated and hallowed : fo when they were reduced into one City, 
 *' and enrolled into wards and pariflie^, they foiioek not nor abandoned altogether. Round a- 
 *' bout thefe (acred Churches hath //jjAp let hre, and confumed all: the holy images ot theGods, 
 " lie fome fcorched and half burnt : others headlefs and dilmtmbred, among the pillars and potts 
 *'of the Temples thrown along on the ground. And look whacioul woiJchehath ftiadein the I 
 *' country oi Jittica^ioxith and fo beautitully adorned intimespaH^the likehavocJc if he might 
 *'• be let alone, would he make in jEffiArf and in all GVftce throughout. Forhad notiheRon^ans 
 "comeintimetofuccour, our very City alfo had been fo fen ed and piteoufly disfigurecJ, For 
 <' with likemifchievous intent came he to the City which worfhipped thole Gods, not fparing 
 "■ tht%o6Atii Minerva-, the patronefs and proteftrefs ot our Town and Catlle: thefame wicked 
 ,<' mind he caried againit the Temple of Ceres EleuJJua : and no better afFeiled was he to Jupter 
 " and Minerva in Pyreit'AW. But l^ing repulfed by forte and arms not only from ourTemples, 
 " *' but alfo from the walls of oar Cit y .he wreaked his anger and raged againH thofe Chappels and 
 ''religious houfes,which had nothing fer their defence. but only the reverent regard ot theGods, 
 '' whereof he had none. Hereupon, they prayed and humbly belought the iEtolians,to have com- j^ 
 "paffion of the Athenians, and to enterprife the war, under the conduftfirft of the immortal 
 "Gods, and thenoftheRomans, whopext to theGodsaremotf powerful and mighty. Then 
 "the Roman Embdffadoiirfpake inthis ■vyirtf. '•'The Macedonians hrlt, and after them the Athe- 
 <' nians,have alteredthe whole courif ar.d form of my fpeech. For, whereas niy tornirghitbcr 
 '*■ was to complain of the injuries done by PhiUp to lo many Cities of our allies and affociacs. the 
 "Macedonians by accufmg the Romans firR, have put mefo hardly to my fhittsihat Ineed ra- 
 " therto employ my wits in making a defence of our fclves, than infrjmirgan acculationagainit 
 " others.The Athenians again in reckoning up and recounting the impicu.s,abhcminable.,and in- 
 '' human pares ot King/* /.v/;;) committed againlf the Gods,, both aboveardbeneath, what have . 
 " they left behind for me ot any man e.leto objed againd him bef.des ? What they have fa,id,if_ 
 'you may well ihinl<,and truly fuppofe, that the m^noi.Ckios, uibydtu, &.mu-, MaYor.eti-,2 h^-^fos.,' 
 " ParoSfSamoSf LarijfaivdMeJfene i thol> alfo hereof y^cAij/Vi, complain ofthe fame, yea, and 
 " of more grievous and cruel enormities .: as whom he had greater means to annoy and hurt. As 
 '^ for fuch things as he hath laid to our charge,it they deferve not honor and glory, I contels they 
 " cannot be antweied and defended. Repiochcd us he hath with Rhiq^ittm^ with CapuhWtd Sy- 
 ■ '' racufe. I cannot deny, but during the war o\ Pyrrlms we fent a legion to Rhegium, there to lie 
 '' in garrifon at the inftant prayer of the Rheginsthemlelves, who requeued us to lend them. 
 "This legion 1 confefs, moft wickedly and ireaiheroufly leized upon the City, and poflefled it 
 "to their own ufe, for the guard anddefence whereof they werefiift fent. A vowed we (1 pray 
 "you^ that a6t of theirs ? Nay, puriued we not by arms that lewd legion and urgratious? and ^" 
 " when we had theminourpower and at our devotion fori ed not we them to make amends and 
 " fatisfadion to our allies,with the Imart of their back and fides., and with the lots of their heads 
 "in the end? And when we had lo done, redored we not unto the A'^,'^»».f their City, their 
 '<Landsjall their goods whatfoever, together with their liberties, franchiles, and laws? As for 
 " the Syracufians, when they were opprefl'ed by Hrange and terrain tyrants, we judging it to be a 
 " great indignity, relieved andfuccoured them : and after we had been ^for three years fpaceal- 
 *• molt) wearied and toiled out with continual ficge and uncefl'ant aflault both by lard and fea of 
 *' their City, fo exceeding flrongand fo well fortified ; we feeing that rhe Syracufians themfelves / 
 '"made choice rather to be in lervitude under thofe tyrants, than to be taken by us, gave them'- 
 "their City again, both forced and freed by the fame armies. Neither deny we that Staiy is our N 
 "Province;andthatthe Cities which took part and fided with the Carthaginians & joyntly with 
 •' them accorded to wage war againft us,are tributaries unto us, and pay us yearly rents and pen- 
 '■• fions : nay, we are fo far from not taking this upon us.thac contrary-wife we would, that both 
 " you and all nations befides well knevv,that every one received at our hands that meafureoffor- 
 " tune that hedulydeferved. And now as touching theCapuans,fhould we repent that we have ' 
 '■chaftifedthemin fuch I'ort, whereof they themfelves verily cannot complain? Thefe men, after 
 " wehadmaintained waragaind theSamnits in their quarrel anddefence,forthe fpace well near 
 " offeventy years, to no fmalldiipencc of ours, and with many a lofsardoverthrow.after wehad 
 " linked them unto usfirft by league ard alliance then by marriage and affinity,and hd of all, by 
 *• freedom andburgeofieof ourCity:thefemen Ifay, in ouradverfity, werethe firo fall other «-» 
 «• nations of A^V/.that vilianoully mafl'acred ourgarrifon there, and revolted unto Annihal'.ind 
 '- then for very fpight and indignation that they were by us befiegcd/ent Annihalto alfail the City 
 '■^o'iRomc. And if we had proceeded in that rigour againft them, that we had left neither City 
 " Ifandingnorany one perfon ofthem living,who could take oftencethereat,andjuftly fay, That 
 " they had been more hardly entreated and dealt withal than they deferved ? There weremore of 
 ^'thcm, that upon touch and prick ofguiltyconfcience for their lewd and wicked deeds, made 
 
 " them-
 
 The one and thirtieth Boo^of T, Livius. 629 
 
 A " themfelves away and lb perifliedjthan wereby usexecutedandputtodeath. Asforthereft,we 
 *' took from them indeed their Town, we depriv ed them of their pofl'eirions and livincs.yet fo,as 
 *' wcleftthemboih lands to occupy, and placeto dwell in: theguiklefs Town it feifweluffcrcd 
 "• to ftand iHll fafe and found, that whofoever at this day Teeth it, can not find the leaft token or 
 " Ihcw of a City either forced or won. But what fpeak 1 of Capua ? reein'^ we have afforded unto 
 ^^ Carthage (i City conquered and lubdued) both peace and alfo liberty ? Infomuch as we have 
 "cauferathertobeafraidjleltbyremiirenefs and over-willingnes to pardon thofe whomwehave 
 " vanquilliedj we give occafion to many more to be fo bold as to trie the hazard and fortune of 
 •- waragaind us. And thus I had to fay in defence of our fehes. Now fomewhat Ihaveio fpeak 
 *' againlt K\ng Philip; whofe horrible murders committed upon thofe of his own hcvfe even his 
 B "neereit kinsfolk and friends; whofe loofe life and unbridled lull (more unkind and nhumane in 
 ''manner than hiscrue:cy)ye know better that are neercr unto yt/jcft^s^^. As for you, my ma- 
 '' fters of i£ro//.«, we have tor your fakes begun war with I'hil.'p, and you again without us have 
 '* concluded peace with him. It may be you will alledge, that whiles we were occupied in the 
 " Punick war,ye were for^-cd and compelled for fear to take fiKh conditions of peace at his hands, 
 " who was the llronger: wc likewife (^prefied with greater affairs and troubles) forbare topro'e- 
 *' cute and follow that war,whic h by yon firft was laid down & given over.At this prefent,leeinf 
 " by the grace and goodnefs oftheCiods the Punick war is come to an end, both we have cm- 
 " ploied and bent all our forces againlt Macedo>f)i,in(i ye alfo have good occafion and opportunl- 
 *• ty offered to reenter into amity and alliance with us, unlefs ye ha-d rather periOi with Phil.-py 
 
 C " than vanquifli with the Romans. 
 
 When the Roman Embaflador had ended this Oration, the iEtolians generally were enclired 
 and affeited to the Romans ; but D.imocritM their Pretor (corrupted as the fpeech went with a 
 fum of money received from King Phili])^ and made for him) gave aflent neither to the one party 
 nor the other, but faid, '• That in counfels of grent weight and impcrtante, there was nothing 
 "• more hurtful and prejudi(.ial,than half:forrcpentance(qd.he)follow itneverfo foon, vvhena 
 "■ thing is once done, yet it cometh too late and booteth not: confidering, that rafli r onnfels can 
 " not be revoked, half y and headlong courfes cannot poflibly be recaIled,nor matters ontepalf be 
 *' reduced again to their former (fate. As for thepropertimeofthat refolution nowinhand, 
 " whereof my felf am of ad vicejthnt the due maturity & full ripenefsHiouId be expeded,it might 
 
 D " now at this prefent be fct do wn and concluded upon.For feeing that by our la ws.& ordinances 
 "• provided it is that we may not treat of any affairs concerning peace or war,but in the general 
 " councels called P.irfxtalinb or Pjlmk '■ therefore for the prefent I would have you to ordain and 
 *' decree,that yourPrctor without fraud or covin might call and hold a Diet or court of Pariia- 
 '• ment ,whcn[oever he is minded to treat of war or pcace;and whatfoever then and there Ihall be 
 " propofed and dcrermincdjcmay (landinasgood force, (trength,& vertue,as if ichad parted in 
 "afull * /'.-'»<«fo/.!;l^or ' /*//-;'/• councel. Thus the Embalfadors being difmilVcd and fenc away in * Ptntttol'mm. 
 " fufpence.and nothing decided and concluded, he faid,Th3t he had performed a lingnhr peeceof ^ gener»l 
 " fervice to his nation and countrey. Fornovv they would hde and take p.ut wich thofe, whole '^""""Vhere 
 '' fortune it were to fpccd better inthefield.Thus went matters in theallembiy of the iEtolians. j^toiia were 
 
 E Now P/i.'/pwith all diligence prepared forwarboihby feaand land. Hisfeaforccs heafl'em- aiiembifd. 
 bled together unco Bcmetnasi port in Thclf.:ly,miY\ng zcco\mi\\\ztAtt„ilHs and the Roman fleet 'Pj/lmumcea^ 
 would in the beginning of the next fpring depart from «y£^;>.r.Overhis navy and all thefeacoalts ''("""•Another 
 he appointed Hc-.HliJ.n Admiraljike as he had done aforetime. Himfelf levied and gathered his Ti"mpJ"" 
 land-forces, fuppoiing verily that he had debarred and bereft the Romans of two great mcansof where tbe ' 
 aid, towic,the jEtolians of the one fide, and theDard^niansofthe other; in that the narrow StatesofGr«« 
 ftrcights nndpaflage of A-/ '!j<7«/?, was flopped and made fnreagainlf them by hisfon Perfeui.lht °'^ Amphi{jy- 
 Conful on the other fide ir.ilcnon pfparations for war, but was on foot and in adion already, r^," eTcli'D'"** 
 condnifing his aimy through the LonUnes oftheDafiareiians, and tranfporting with him out of their e'cpoty or 
 his wintering harbor ail the provifion of grain, whereof the country yecldedhim fufficicnciotbc 'pent, called 
 
 F maintenance of his fouldicrs. The great Towns and Villages were fnrrendcd unco him, partly for 'y^''S,'»'^- 
 love and partly for fear fomc were forced by affault, others abandoned by the inhabitants, and 
 were found defolat ,by rcafon that the barbarous people were retired into the mountains near by, 
 to lave ihemfelves: and at I-/«^«»; near the river ^f'y/«heencamped;from whence he lent to pur- 
 vey for corn ont of the gamers and barns oftheDaflaretians. Plv/ipdw well enough that the 
 couatry all about was in an hurry, and the people in great fear and fright ; but beingun ertain to 
 what place theConful intended tomarch he lent out acornetot light horfemen as efpials todif- 
 cover what waytheenemiestookand whither they pretended to go. The Conful likewife for his 
 part was as doubtful: well he vvifl that P/;///p was diflodgcd from the places where he had win- 
 tered, bucinwhatqaartrrhe journied, he knew not: and therefore he alfo had fet forth certain 
 
 G horle in efpial to fcour the coalls.Thefe two bands or troops from divers and contnryparts,en- 
 countred in the end in one way, after they had a long time wandered at adventure throagh the 
 countrey of the Da{rarai3n!!.Both parts knew well by the noife they heard a far off as well of men 
 as horfe,that enemies approched; and therefore they had both horfe &armour in readines .before 
 they were in light one of anotherrfor fo foon as ever they were within their encerview,ihcy made 
 no Ray,but charged immediatly and joyned iflue. It fortuned, that for number and valoi^r both, 
 they were equally matchcdjas being choice and elefl men of either fide: whereupon they fought 
 
 lii :? foj
 
 ^4© "^he one and thirtieth B€o\ of T. Lmus. 
 
 for certain hours alike^umil fuch litre as their own weariresacd the faictnefsof theirhoifespar-H 
 ced the baitail in doubtful vid^cry. Of the Matedonians there died -^oborfemcn: andoftheRo- 
 mansjfive and thirty. And for all this,neither brought the Macedonians any better incelligence to 
 their kin", nortbe Remans to their Conful, of the place where the enemies were incamped. But 
 certain iiioitive traitors gave advertifemerc ihereot : who tcinir.cnly in all wars,«pon arunning 
 bead andu^ht humour that naturally theyliave, are given toliearliennfter news,and to enquire 
 in what terms enemies fland, PhJip imagining that it would availfomewhat both to purchafe 
 theaffeilionat love of his fouldiers,' and alfo to induce them more cheerfully and readily to un- 
 dertake all hazards for his fake,in cafe he feemed to ha\ e a careful regard to bury thofe horfemen 
 which were flain in the journey and expedition aforeiaid;commanded their bodies to be brought 
 into the camp,to the endihat all men mighc fee what honour he did them in their funerals. But t 
 fee how nothing is more uncertain,nor whereof a man may mike lefs reckoning than the minds 
 and affeftions of the multirnde. That which was thought would have made them inore willing 
 and forward to enter into any danger and jopardy whatfoever, even that, wrought a contrary 
 effeit and caufed them to be moH fearfui .u u baikward. For they who were ufed to fight with 
 Greeks and Illyrians-,and to fee mens bodies wounded with pufh of pike.galled with arrows,and 
 pierced with lance here and iherCjin this or that part:after they be held once their fellowsfo but- 
 cherly mangled with the Spanifh curteiaxes and arming fwords, the arms cut away from the bo- 
 dy, the hea^s either fmitten clean off by the neck, or cloven down right, and lying on the Iboul- 
 ders; their panches ript with the bowels opea . ;.nd guts drawing after ; with other deep wounds 
 and broad ihniesjmoll; hideous and tearful to behold; then they faw allfullwell(fearful creatures ^ 
 as they were) what manner of weapons, and what kind of men they were to deal againfl.Nayjthe 
 King him:elfwas terribly afraid, vvho hnd not as yet encountred with theRomansin any fet field. 
 ■Whereupon he fent for his fcri,to comeback with the garrifpn that he had in the freights of Pc~ 
 /aiToy7ia,tbathy to increafe and llrebgthen his own forces:and fo laid open the way into Mnccdo- 
 «w,for Plennituj urid the Dardanians. Himfeifinperfon with a power of 20000 foot, and 4000 
 horfe, o'jidedby the fugitives ahovefaid, marched toward the enemy, and about a quarter ol a 
 mile or fomewhat lefs from the Roman campi poiTeffed himfelfof a little hillneerto Atluictrm^ 
 which he tortified with trench andfampier. From whencejWhenhe beheld the Romans encam- 
 ped hard under him-^he wondered (by report) to fee net only the whole body of the camp, with 
 the form and orderthereofingeneral,but alfo how every part was rarged and fet out inleveral, j^ 
 both in the manner of quartering and pitching their pavilions, and alio in the proportion of the 
 wayes for breadth and length between. And having viewed and confidered every thing according- 
 ly: *■' Believe me(qd.he) there is no man who feeth this,thatcan either think or fay,it is the camp 
 <' of a barbarous nation. For two dales fpace the Conful and the King(expef^irg oneanothers at- 
 • tempts and enterprifes^ kept their fouldiers clofe within their holds. When the thirdday was . 
 
 come.the Roman General brought forth his whole power into the field.But theKing fearing to 
 hazard all fo foon upon a c.\(i,drevv forth 400 Triballians (which were,as wehavefaid elfewhere, 
 of the lllyrian nation) and 3ooCretenhans, all footmen, accompanied with the like number of 
 horfemsn ; and fent them under the conduft of Athen.-is_or(u:^ one ofhiscourt'ers and gallants, 
 for to brave the Cavalry of the enemies, and to challenge them to fight. The Remans, whofe « 
 main battail was little above half a mile off, put out againft them their light armed van-curriers,"^ 
 rtid as it were, twocompanies orcornets of horfemen: to the end, that they mightbe equal 
 with the enemy in number, both ot foot and horfe. They ofthe Kings part fuppol'ed verily, that 
 they fliould fight ai'rertheir old and accuftomed manner: namely, that the horfemen fhould by 
 turns, ore while ride forward in the face of the enemy,other while retire again ; fometime follow 
 in chafe and haveufe of their darts and weapon?,andfometimes turn and fliew their back parts; 
 that the nimblenefs and aflivity ofthe Illyrians would (land in good llead to makeexcurfions 
 and fnddainskirmifhes ; alfo that the Cretenfian archers fliould be emploied in fliooting arrows 
 aloof at the enemies, as they advanced and came forward, or flung out ail abroad on every fide: . 
 butthe violent charge oftheRomans, no lefs contitiual and obflinac.than fierce and eager, put H 
 them quire out of this manner of l"ervice,and difcrdered all. For no otherwife than if it had been 
 a fet batt-ail between two entire armies, their footmen lightly armed, fofoon as they had lanced 
 and let go their javelins from them, took them to their fwords, and came to hand fight : the 
 horfemen likewife, no fooner affronted the enemies, but either flaying their horfes they fought 
 on hoileback, or elfe alighted on foot, and among (he footmen maintained the skirmifh.By this 
 means neither the Kings Cavalry could march the Romans, becaufe they h»d not been ufed to a 
 Heady battel ; nor his footmen who were wont to traverfe their ground, and skirmifli, never 
 flandingftill, and withal inmannerhalf naked for any harnefs they had, was able to make theic 
 parts good with the Roman light appointed footmen, who had their fwords and bucklers, and 
 were furriHied with armour, as vvelldefenfne asoffenfive. So they could not endure long to ^ 
 maintain fight but were forced to retire into their camp,and by nothing elfefaved themfelvesbut 
 by good footmanfliip and riding apace. These pa {fed one day between^when the King minding to 
 trieacrnlliilwith nil his forces of Cavalry,and footmen lightly appointed, had laid ifa await by 
 night cercaintarg.niers, whom they call Peltrfi&, in a covenient place between both camps, and 
 given direiftionard charge unto r:r/'if«<»f«''<Kf andhismenofarms,Tbatifthey fped well inopen 
 battel ^nd plain fight,theyflion!d on (lilland follow their goodfertone: but ifthcy wembythc 
 
 worfe,
 
 The one and thirtietb Boo{ of T. Li vius. 64 1 
 
 A worle J and were too weakjthey fhoiild give ground by little and littlcand train tbeenemy tothe 
 place of ambulli. WelLic fell out fojthat the horlemen indeed retir-jdaccordinglyibut theieaders 
 otthat cohort aforefaid of cargatiers, not attending the fignal longen3Ugh,but raifing their men 
 out of arnbiilli before timL*,loit the opportunity of playing their (. .;rt & performing a goodfervicc. 
 TheRomin Conlnl having boihobcaincd vii\ory inopen battel, andefcaped thedan<'erofa 
 covert train, rerired himfelt' into his camp. The morrow after, he came down into the plain field 
 with all his forces-, and put them in bactel array, having arranged his Elephants in tbe'forefront 
 ofthcvangud. And this vv.is chefirft time that ever the Romans had ufe in their wars, of this 
 bea(t ;by ojcafion, that in the laccPunick vvar,they had taken lomeot them alive from their ene- 
 mies. But perceiving that Philip kept himlelf clofc within his camp, he approched under the very 
 
 B rampier, yea, and reproched him for his cowardife. And feeing tor all that, he could not even 
 then be drawn to a battel : con(idering alfo, that if he kept there a ftanding camp long,lo neer un- 
 to the enemy, his provifion ofcornfliould becxpofed to dangers; for noYooncrfliouldihe pur- 
 veyors and torragers be gone abroad into the countrcy, and ipread over the tie.ds, but the ene- 
 mie'; light horfemcn would be ready at their heels to fetch them in, and caufc them to come fhort 
 home : therefore he removed his camp to a pla\.e n'moR eight miles oif, called Offu/op/)»w, where 
 he mighc make his provilion with lefs danger. Now when the Romans purveied for corn and 
 viftuals in the territory thereabout, and we . come upon a tiipe fomewhat neer and within 
 danger of P/.)/7;/) at lird the King let them alone, -ad kept his men withintheir camp, to the end, 
 that they mighc be more bo d and venturo;:.';, and withalJefs wary and circumtpert: butefpying 
 
 C them once (traolingafiinder here and there out of order, hefet forward wich all his Cavalry, and 
 the auxiliaries of the Candiots, and marched f-< fafi, as the fvyifteftpfhis footmen byrunning 
 might keep pace with the horlemen. thus h.i'.ir.ggotrenbetween them and home, he pitched 
 dortn his enlign; betwixt the Roman camp and the torragers. Then divided he his forces in tvvo 
 companies, the one he fent forth to conrfe and chafe them, fo difperfed as they were .: giving fpe- 
 cialchar'ge and direi'lion, not to leave any jf them alive that they could reach: with theoth'-rhe 
 itaiedhimfelf behind jardbefet all the wale.,; and flopped the palVages by which the enemies were 
 liketo retire an J have recourfe unto their amp. Soonwerethey killed or ptit to flight in every 
 place, and as yet no:oneef:nped to the Rom in camp^ for to bring news ofthisdifcomfiture: for, 
 a? many as fled back chariccd upon the guard that the King had fet: and more were flair^by them 
 
 D 'h-'.c befec the waies, than thole thst were fent out to the pnrfuit and execution. At length fome 
 hapned to efcape through the midll of the Kings roypjc/^^^^r^, and in great haft and fearful 
 rrianher came into the camp with a troublefome noife and lumiMt, rathei chan any cert.-in ti- 
 dings. The Conful, after order given to the borfemen, that every man fhou'.dl'uccorr and 
 rcfuie what way foever he could, their diflrefled fellows in this extremity, himfe'if led forth the 
 legions out of the camp, and marching in a loutfquare baitaillon advanced toward the ene- 
 mies. The Horfemen being fpred over the fields in divers places, forne loft their right way, 
 being deceived by other outcryes heard from a contrary part : oiherfome met with their encr 
 mies, andat oneinllant, the skirmilh began in tnany and fundry places. The band that guarded 
 about the King, fought mort fiercely and cruelly: for both they were for their own number as 
 
 r well of horfe as foot, a full army welneer ; and alfo moft of the Romans light upon them, be- 
 caul'c they kept the very port and rodeway in the mid<. In this regard alfo were the Macedoni- 
 an- the better and had the vantage, becaufe the Xing hitnfelf wasprefent inper.onto encouraoe 
 and exhort them: anci, withal the auxi.iary Candiots wounded many of the Romanserethey 
 were aw.-ireof them: for why, they were well prepared aforehjnd, ranged thick and clofetoge- 
 
 I ihcr, and fo fought agalnil them that rode feat crirg abroad one from another, and without ar- 
 nv. And verily, if they could have kept any mean and meafure in their chafe, they had mightily 
 advanced themfelvcs, pot on'y in winning the honor of that day, but alfo, in themain point of 
 the whole war. But pursuing them beyond all reafon, and without difcretion, upon a bloud- 
 thirfty dcflre that they had ofmafl'acre, they chanced upon the Roman Sqviadrons which were 
 
 f: cone before with the Tribuns and Colonels: infomnch as theflorfemen aforefaid, whobefore 
 fled, when they once fa w the enngns of their own intnntcry, reined their horfe heads, and 
 turned agiin upon the cneiny thn ran with bridle in horfe neck: andfo in the turning of an hand, 
 rhe fortune of the battail changed and came about? and they that erewhile made purfute, now 
 flicwedtheirb.icks andlled amain. Many of them were flain that came to clofe handfight, many 
 liketvife ofthofe that ran away. Neither tellihey allupon the edge of the fword, for ibme there 
 were who plunged into bogs and maiifliesAvhereboth boric rnd man funk in the deep mud and 
 mire5and fo were fwallowed up and periflied. The King himfe'f alfo was in great danger : for his 
 horfe being wounded under hiin and fallen, he alfo cime headlong down to the ground, and 
 bnrdly efc.ipci.hui hehnd been trod,'n under foot.and millhievedashelay along. One horfeman 
 
 ^ above the lell faved his life, who h.iftily lepthimfelf from horfeback, and withal mounted the 
 King (fo feared as he was) upon his own horfe : who being now on foot, and notable to run as 
 fait as the horfemcn that fled away, w:.s with many ^ (lab and thrud foon difpatched by the ene- 
 mies that came nluning together to the King when he was fecn to fall. And the King after he had 
 ridden in fearful llig'-t about the fenay mccrs, one while where there was fome way, and other- 
 wh-iles where there was none at all to be feen.chanced at length to come to his camp, when mofl 
 msn were in defpair that he could pofllbly efcape infafcty. In this skirmifli there were 200 
 
 Maces
 
 S^z "The one a nd thirtieth Boo\ ofT, Livius. 
 
 Miccdontans ftain,a hundred almoft taken prifoncrs : fourfcorc brave and goodly courfers, with H 
 rich capariions and other futniiutejtogether with the ipcil of fair armours caried away. 
 ' There were that blamed the King for being too rafli that day ,and theConful for his flacknefs. 
 ^6t Philiptiiy they, fliould havekcpt him quiet irireftand repofe, knowing, as hedid,ihatthe 
 enemies within few dayes would have been brought to extream want and penury, now that the 
 territory all about was clean fpoiled and walied. And the Conful for his part, when he had foiled 
 the Cavalry and light armed fouldiers of the enemies, and as good as taken the King prifoner, 
 ought preiently to have advanced againft the Kings camp: for never would the enemies lo dilcom- 
 fited havedoodtoit: and lo in the minute of an hour, they hadbeenvanquifliedfor ever. This 
 is ibcn faid, but Cas mod things elfe^ not fo loon done. For in cafe that the King had like wife 
 brought forth inco the field all his Intantery ,peradventure in that tumult, when all his men were i 
 difcomfited and driven to flie out of the field to their camp, yea.and to keep within the rampier, 
 for fear of the enemy, ready upon his victory to get over the counterfcarp and other fortificati- 
 ons, the King might have been difieized of his hold, and loll all. Again confidering, that the 
 whole power of /V;///;? his footmen remained (UU intire within the camp, the corps de guard be- 
 fore the gates warding ; the fentinels and watch fet in convenient places of the rampier atten- 
 ding: what other good fliould the Conful have done in advancing thicher, but imitated the ra(h 
 fool-hardinefs ot the King,who a little before fo hotly followed the chafe of the horf men difcom- 
 fited ? Neither was the Kings firftdefignmeot to be reproved and found fault with,when he char- 
 ged upon the foragers, fcaitered as they were over all the fields : it he could have feen when he 
 was well and have ufed his good hand in meafure and moderation. Lei's marvail it is befides-thac j^ 
 he was willing to tryc the fortune of abattail; becaufe there ran a rumor, that P/(?/<rdr»^ and the 
 Dardani.ins were departed from home,and with a puiffant power entred already into Macedouy: 
 And if he thus were befet round about with thefe armies, there w«3 no doubt but the Romans 
 might have vanquiflied and fubdued him,and never ilirred foot for the matter. PhUtf therefore 
 fuppofing that upon thefe two late received foils of the horfemen,he fiiould have but unquiet and 
 dangerous fitting in the fame (ianding camp ftill : aiod minding to diflodge from thence, and in his 
 remove to beguil the enemy and not be leen, difpatched a Purfevant at arms or herald unto the 
 Conful a little before fun fetting, to crave fnrceafe of arms, until he had buried his horfementhat 
 Vvereflain : and at the relief of the fecond watch he deceived the enemy ; for leaving many fires 
 through all his camp, he marched without any nolle and departed. The Conful had newly fup- j^ 
 red, and was going to refl, when he was advertifed that a Purfevant was come, and what his er- 
 rand was. And for thcprefent, he made the meflenger no other anfwer but this, that the next 
 morning he would talk with him,andgive him audience. But Pl.ul'phy this means got the advan- 
 tage of that wholenight, and part ofthe next day, to gain riddance ofway in his journey, which 
 wasihc only thing hefought for. Andtowardthe mountains he took his flight, for that way he 
 wif^ well the Romans would not folow after, with an army fo heavy and charged as ir was. The 
 Conful by daybreak, granted the Purfevant aceffationofarms,andgavehim his dirpatch:butit 
 Was not long after that he was advertifed how the enemy was gone: and not knowing which 
 way to follow after, he paffed fome few dayes in foraging and purveying provifion all about the 
 place where he lay encamped. j. 
 
 After this he marched to StHhera-, and gathered together all the grain that was to be had a-- 
 bout rclU^oiua. From thence he went forward as far as ioPluvin.%-, and all this while knew not 
 lor certain into whatquarter of the countrey the enemies were retired. ?/;;///> having firlf fet him 
 down and encamped before Bruam, and departed from thence by crofs and crooked wayes, 
 iRriick a fuddain fear into the enemy, whereupon the Romans diflodged from Plnvinn, and neer 
 nnto the River Ofphagus pitched theirpavilions. The King likewife reffed himfelf not far from 
 thence, and had carta trench andraifcd a rampier along the banks ofthe River, which the inha- 
 bitants call Eri^^oHHS. And after he was for certain advertifed, that the Romans intended to go 
 ioErd(/d:a, he marched afore to feize upon the ftreights, and toempeach the enemies, that 
 they fliould not gain the paffage that lyeth as it were in a narrow gullet, barred and endofed on ]nJ 
 each fide. There he raifed in one place a rampier, and caft a trench in another > made barrica- 
 does here and there, partly by piling rtonesuponheapsin Head of a wall, partly by felling of 
 trees acrofs, according as either the ground would give leave, or the place afford matter: And 
 thus (lopping up all the wayes by fundry devices and means, he made the place (to bis think- 
 ing) both unpaffable and impregnable, which of itfelf by nature was hard enough and trouble- 
 fome. The counrrey all about was for the moff part forrefts, and full of wood, veryincommo- 
 dious, efpecially for that manner of battalions and ordnance of array, which the Macedonians 
 cM Pha/afix'- which ferveth them in fmall or no rtead at all| unlefs with their long pikes they 
 may makeapallifade, orftay (as it were) and oppofe them before their fliields: which they 
 cannot well do, unlefs they have free fcope and liberty of plain and open ground. The Thra- ^ 
 cians slfo were touly troubled and cumbred with their fpears numed RhoiKphaa^ which were 
 likewifeofa mighty length, andbyreafon ihcseof (catching as they did, and fnarling within 
 the boughs and branches of Trees that grew in their way every whereabout^ hindredihem 
 very much. There remained the Cohort or band ofthe Candiots, thatfeemed of fome ufefor 
 to be employed. And yet the fame alfo as it was able to dilcharge arrows againft both 
 Horfeandman, and to annoy them fo long as they lay open and expofed to fhot, if haply they 
 
 offered
 
 7X^ one and thirtieth Boo{ of T. Li vius. 645 
 
 f^ offered co charge; lb ihey were noc of (trength fufficient to drive their fhatts lev el,aDd to pierce 
 thorough the Roman targetstforotherwife there was no part ofthe body offered it feif unarmed 
 and naked tor to aim at. And therefore lb loon as they perceived that kind of ("hot to ferve them 
 to little or no,'purpofe, they caught up Hones whii-h lay all over the \a;lcy,andkt them Hie at the 
 enemy. VVhichHones,astiiey light and beatupon;their butkiers kepta great clattering,and vMth 
 the found they made (rather than with any hurt bel.des^ kept the Romans for a time from moun- 
 ting up the bank. But the Romans making no re^ koning of tlefe llones neiiher partly by pavoiies 
 and target-tenccs over their beads, made way directly rhroi:gh theihii.keH of their enemiesjand 
 partly by wheeling a little and fetching fomecompals about giined the pitch or the hill, and were 
 got up to the very top: from whtni.e ihcy dravx the Mai.cdonians (ah affrighted as they were) 
 
 B down the hill, and chafed them from their holds and guards: and by reafon they had much ado 
 toriie (the ground wasfo rough and uneven) moli otihem werckil edand i.m in pieces. Thus 
 the difficulty of theltreights wasovcrcome^and they were poik-fled thereof with far leis trouble 
 and conBid than they looked for and made account of. Then they marched on forward as far as 
 toErduie', where the Conful after he had put the fields all over to the wall, retired himi'elfto 
 Elima.t. From thence he forced Or<y?/flV^, and aflailed the Town C>/f'r«;M, htuateas it were, in a 
 demy Hand: there is-a lake that en\ironeth thevvalls,andbutone way by land thatleadethto the 
 Town t'rom the main,and the fame very Hreight and narrovv,in form ofa gullet. At the firlt when 
 theTown was fummoned thcjinhabitants truHing to the natural llrength of the place kept their 
 gates fiuu againit the Conful, and refufed his I'ummons. But after they fa.wonce the eniignsdif- 
 
 C played and marihing againd them, when they perceived the enemies defended under a pavoife 
 to approch clofe to the gate, and the narrow lireight and avenue atbrefaid, befet with a band of 
 them; before they would encounter and fight, they yeeldcd themfelves for very fear. FromCe/e- 
 /■rwOT he marched on towards the DilTaretians, and wanbyaffauktheCity PdtHm. From thence 
 hecatisd away the bondilaveswith the re(i ofthepillageibut allperlons whatfoever tree born, he 
 let go at liberty without paying ranlbm.The Town hegave them again after he had planted in 
 it a llrong garrilbn : for it Itood well, and in a very good place, for to make rodes and in.urnons 
 into M.uedo»y, Thus the Conful having ranged o^erthecountrey ofthe enemies, brought his 
 army back through the peaceabc parts ii^to ^O9rfo«i.i,where hebjgan firil to make war. 
 
 Now the yEtoiians the Athamans, and Dardanians> and many other warsrihng luddainlyct 
 
 15 on:e, lome from one pla.e and fome fromanothci', had diverted and turned P/;;/./; a contrary 
 way. Againrt the Dardanians (as thev returned out of M.xcdo/rf) he lent yitkenagoyAs with the 
 footmen lighty armed and appointed and thegreater part alfoot the horie giving him in charge 
 and direction CO follow them hard at theit heels as they departed , and to play upon their backs, 
 andcutoff'the tail of their rercward ; to teach them againit another time, not to befohaHy to 
 come abroad with an army again. Democritiisiht Precor o the j£toli3ns(who in the Diet afore- 
 laid he'd at Nmpo^nm perfwaded to take a longertime for to conlnit about this vvar) had in the 
 next Councel or Parliatnent following, moved the j£tolians to enterinto arms ; namdy upon 
 the fame that wa^ fpread abroad ofthe horfemens fight before Oclolofhm ; and a lb upon the co- 
 ming o. thcDardanians, and P/^«r.!f«/ with the lilyrians into Macedony. befidesthe airivalof 
 
 p the Roman fleet at Oratrr.-, and the general voicciandbruit that went, how Afar.-d -y lliould 
 fliorcly be allailed a.lo by fea over Sc above lo many nations that fromall parts about were come 
 already by land. Thefe motives regained Dcmocritm and the iitolians to friend the Romans a- 
 gain. Who joyning unto them Aniwa-ider the King ofthe Athamans, went for :h together lor to 
 bsfiegeC f>T/.//>w. They wiihintlieTown had fliut their gates, whether by conliraintjor wil- 
 lingly of themfelves, it wis not known for they had the Kings garri'.on within among tnem. How 
 ever it was,withinfew dayes Cercr^inni was taken and hurnr. As many as remained alive a'tcc 
 thatgreat defeat, aswcil bond as tree one with another, were vvith the re(t ofthe pilligecarried 
 away. This tearful esamplecaufcd allthe p^op'e inhabiiingaboutthemariniof/?;?'//^, to abandon > 
 th':ir cities, and to retire themlelves for fecurity into the mountains. The /litolians for wantof 
 
 F rich prey and booty (whiih they could not find there) turned fiom them and marched toward 
 Verrhdbia. Tn that quarter they won by fo. ctlie C\iyCyreti/r, and cruelly pnt it to the ranfack. 
 The inhabitantsof»/.i/te.irurrendred of themfelves without compulhon and were received into 
 proteilion as allies. Out of Perrhebdm rlr»t»-t>id:r was of advice and defirous to march againft 
 Con.'pho!-, by reatbn that the <ountrey of ./^f/).w/.r«;.( bordered fo neer upon that City, and it 
 leemcd eafy to be totted without mu.h trouble. But the .-Etolians fingers tickled and itched a- 
 gain to be doing with the rich and fertile fields of Theff^lfc-snd thither went they to raife booties 
 and feek piL'.age. AthamM:der tbllowed (iill for company, albeit heliked well neither of thefe 
 fa fliions ofthe .ttoliani thus outragioufly to make rodes and to fpoil every where ; nor of their 
 manner of encamping at adventure, in what places foever they c'.i.iiiccd to come, withont all 
 
 G^ifcrction, regard, and care of fortifying and guarding the army. Fearing therefore lefl their 
 inconfideraterafhnesand lupine negligence, might be anocc.iiionthat heorhis Oiouldcometo 
 a flirewd turn, and incur fomc damage, fpycd his time ; and feeing them to incampina plain 
 neer to the City Pl.mcadHm^ he took a little Hill little above halfa mile off', where both he 
 andhis, might with the help of any fmall guard, lie in fecurity. Now when as the ^Etolians 
 Teemed in manner to have forgotten that they were in the enemies country, but that they drave 
 fomc booties: whiles they were fome of them wandring and (Iraglingjdisbanded and half armed, 
 
 otber^
 
 ^44 ^^^ ^^^ ^ ^^ tbmieth Boo\ ofT, Livius. 
 
 t 
 * 
 
 others within their camp without any corfs du guard-, fwilling and fleeping all night and day long^ H 
 and made no ditference of the times, PW/p came upon them betore they looked for him. And it 
 bein" once known by the report of fome thatfledoutof the fields in great affright, thatheap- 
 proched; then Damocritus and the reft .of the Captains began to quake for fear. Now was it about 
 noonetide of the day, at what time as moft of them having taken their full lode of wine and vi- 
 ands, lay along faft afleep. Then they feil to awake and raifeoneanother, and to give the alarm: 
 anon they fent out every way to call in thofe that were fpreading abroad in the fields. So much 
 they were aftonied, thatfor haft many of the horfemen went forth without their fwotds, and 
 moft of themforgat to put on their cuiraces. Thus being led out inpoft haft, and hardly in all(foot 
 and horfe together) able to make up the number of fixhundred, they light upon the Kings Caval- 
 ry, for number, armour, and courage much better than themielves ; And therefore at the firft I 
 pufh were difcomfited : for before they were well entred intoskirmifh, they Hed fliamefuHy a- 
 way toward their camp. Someof them^ame ftiort thither, and were either llain or taken prifb- 
 ners,even as many as the Kings horfemen overtook, and gat between them and their other com- 
 panies. Vhilip, whenhefaw his menapproch neer unto their camp, commanded ro lonndthe 
 retreat : for both horfe and man was weary, not fo much with fight as with iheir long journey 
 abd the exceeding fpeed that they made. Whereupon he gave commandment, that the Horfe- 
 men by troops, and the light armed Footmen by theircompanies and Squadrons fhould water 
 their borfes one after another, and go to their dinner and repaft. Others he kept ftill in armour 
 for a guard attending the Regiment of thefootmen, that came but flowly forward,by reafon they 
 were heavily armed at all pieces ; who being come, they alfo were enjoyned to pitch down j^ 
 their enfigns, and lay their weapons before them, and to take a fliott bait and hafty pittance, len- 
 ding two or three at the moft out of every band for to water the hotfes. All this while the horfe- 
 men, together with the light armed fouldiers, ftood well appointed and in readinefs, if haply the 
 enemy would have given any attempt. The jEtolians beltowed armed men all about the gates 
 and the rampier, intending to guard and defend their lircmnh and fortification?, fornow by this 
 time they aKo that were Icattered over the fields, had retired themielves into the camp. And fo 
 long as they beheld the enemies to keep quiet, and not f iir, and were themfelves in a fure hold, 
 they made their bravadoes, and werevery lufty : bm after that the enfigns of the Macedonians 
 bet^an to advance forward, and march in order of battel well appointed, clofe unto their trench; 
 all at once they abandoned their guards and quarter ,ard ran out at the back part of their camp, l 
 and fled to the forefaid hill, where the Athsmanians w? it encamped. Many of the iEtolians were 
 likewife in this hafty flight killed or taken prifoners. {'hdip made no doubr, but that the Atha- 
 maniansalfo might have been driven from their hold if there had been day enough behind: but 
 the day being fpent already firft in the skirmifli , and afterward in the ranfacking of their camp, 
 he let him down upon the next plain, hard at the foot of the hill aforefaid, intending very early 
 the next morning to aflail the enemy. The jt.tolians feared as much now, as they were before 
 when they quit their own camp, (led fattering away the night following, \\txt ^miiiaKdeY 
 ftoodthem in very good ftead, by whole good guidance and diredion, the Athamanians being 
 skilful in the coafts of the country, condnfted them into t/£:olia, over the high mountains, 
 whereas the enemies followed after them in blind and unknown by-wayes. Some few of them », 
 hapned in this confufed -ind fcattered flight to lofe their way , and ftumble upon the Macedonian 
 horfemen, whom P/j/7/)) by day light, had fent to cut offthe tail of the enemies, fofoonashe 
 perceived the hill abandoned. About the very fame t\m.CjAthen.-igora5 a Captain under the King, 
 overtook the Dardanians as they returned into their country, and at the firft put their reerward 
 in difarray.But afterward theDardanians turned head agaiujand embattelled themfelves:fo they 
 fought on even hand, and nothing was won nor loft on any fide. The Dardanians began not fo 
 foon to advance forward and march on again,buc the Kings po wcr,with their horfemen and light 
 armed fouldiers came upon them afrefli, and put them to great trouble. For they had no fuch 
 meansofhelp, and were befides liircharged with heavy armour, and withal, the place gave great 
 advantage to thofe of the Kings part. Very few were ilain,more wound? d, none at all taken pri- J4 
 foners : tor the manner of the Dardanians,is not to break out of t hei r ranks and arraies for a li;tle, 
 and upon fmall occafions;but as they fight clofe, fo they retire together,and part nor. Thus Vhilif 
 having reflrained thefe two nations, by two brave exploits, which were as happily performed as 
 bravely enterprifed recovered the loffesagain,by him received in the Roman war. There hapned 
 befides,another occurrenr,which diminifhed the number of his enemies the .-Etolians. For Sco- 
 ■pas^ one ofthechiefnoblemenof thatnation, being (cntfrom Jiextindrinhy KingTrolomausy 
 with a mighty mafs of gold, caried away with him into lE^ypt fix thoufand footmen and certain 
 horlemen, waged for monytoferve. Neither had heleft behind him any ofthe flour and youth of 
 Atolia, liD.imccritiis had not chaftiiisd and rebuked them,and fo by that means kept fome of them 
 at home; making remonftrances unto them, one while of the war that was toward, and another q 
 while of the defolation which was like to enfue thereupon. But whether he did this upon a good 
 tealand carethat he hadofhiscountrey, or only tocrofs5ro;)<w, becaufe he had not fed him 
 well with rich rewards and fat prefents, it is not known. And thus much concerning the affairs 
 paffed between Ph:lifiv\A\he. Romans for that fummer. 
 
 The Roman fleet having in the beginning of the fame fumnxer committed to Sea from Cor- 
 r;rrf, together with the Lieutenant -4»..^/)»/?w paffed beyond the point ofthe cape Malea.,ind 
 
 joyned
 
 The one and thirtieth Boo{of T. Li vius. 64^ 
 
 A joined wich King Attaifts, neer ScylUum in the territory of Hermione. Then the whdie City and 
 State of yithe,isy upon hope of prefent aid and fuccourjbrake out and poured forth at once all the 
 hatred and malice which they had conceived againft Pht/.p, and which a longtime tor very fear 
 they had held in, and therefore kept themfelves in good and reafonable terms with him. Now 
 in this City there ne\ er want prompt and ready tonu-ies to uir up and provoke the common peo- 
 ple to a commotion. And as in all tree States generally luch kind of menarcenter:ainedand 
 born out by the favour of the multitude, fo in Athens eipecialiy, where eloquence is in moft rc- 
 queit, and beareth greatelt fway. Prefendy therefore an Ail was put up and propofcd unto the 
 common people, andby them granted and contirmed, Thatall the Statues and Images of King 
 Philip, together with their titles and Hiles, likewifeof all his progenitors and predeceffors, as 
 B well men as women, lliouid be defaced, pulled down, and delhoied. Item, Tliat all the felHval 
 daies,the ficririces and facnticers, which had been inlticuted and ordained tor the honor of him 
 (hould be profaned and unhallowed again, hem-, That the very places, wherein ought had been 
 ,fr£i^ed, or inlcriptions graven to hishonour.ftiouldbeheldasdetettable andaccurled: and that 
 from thence forward, it might not be lawful to fe-t up there any of thofe things that ought to 
 ftand,and be dedicated in a pure and clean place. Item, Thacthe publickPrietts oftheCfty, in 
 alitbtirpraier:;, and fooften astheypraied forthe good eft ate of the people of Af/;<?w and their 
 allies, for the prefervation of their armies and armadoes; fhoulddetelt and curie bynameKinc 
 rhil^p, his children and realm, his forces both by land and fea, with all the race and name of the 
 Macedonian nation. Mortover, it ran on in the decree, That if any man from that time forward, 
 
 C would prefer and propound any thing that migh t tend to the difgrace and infamie of Philips the 
 whole people of At hem fhould approve and allow the fame whatlbever, and make an aft there- 
 of. Contrary-wile, if any perlbn fay or do any thing for honour, or to impeach and check his di- 
 flionour, whofoever {hould happen to kill the laid party, he fhould be deemed and reputed, thac 
 he had killed him jutUy and lawfully. Finally ,this branch was comprifed within the decree,Thac 
 all things ordained in times paftagainltPi^/Zr^fwi his line and progeny, (hould be obferved and 
 ftand in force againft Philip. Thusverily warred the Athenians againft PA///;; with letters and 
 words: wherein they are right valiant, and to fay truth, good at nothing elfe. But Aff<?/«; and 
 theRoman>, having from //f>-w/o;><8 fliapedcheircourfe for Prrfiea^*, arrived there. And after 
 they had fojourned ibme few dales in Athens, and were loden with a number of decrees, vvhere- 
 
 D in the Athenians recounted the praifes and commendations of their allies beyond all meafure,like 
 as they had before exceeded in (hewing their malice againft their enemies ; they fet fail from Py- 
 re£nm to Andros. Where, riding at anchor in the bay called Gaurcleon, they fent certain men to 
 found the minds of the inhabitants, Whether they would chufe to yeeld the Town willingly, or 
 rather abide the hazard of a forcible a(rault. Who anfwered again, that the Kings garrifonbeinc 
 poffelTed of the Cattle, and keeping it for Philip, they were not their own mafters. Whereupon 
 the King and the Roman Lieutenant fet their forces on land> and with ail preparation of engines 
 a»d artillery fit for an a{rault,appro ached the City divers waies. The Roman ftandards and their 
 arms, not leen before in thofe parts, the refolute courage alfoofthetbuldiers, who foluftily and 
 nimbly came neer to fcalethe walls, terrified and amafed the Greeks, much more than any thine 
 
 nelfe. Therefore immediatly they fled into the Caftle, and the enemies were LL. oftheCity. 
 Now, after they had for two daies fpace held out in thefortrels, preluming more upon the 
 (f rength of the place,than the force of their armour and weapons: they and the garrifon together, 
 compounded upon the third day to quit theplace, lb they might be brought with a convoy to 
 DeliHr,f, a Town in Bmotia, and every man to have one fingle laic of apparel. Then the Romans 
 leaving the bare Ciry unto King Affrf/«^, ranfackcd it themfelves, and took away with them ali 
 thepillare and ornaments that beautified the fame. And to the end, that the Ifle flujuld not lie 
 wall ana delart,Acf,^/«y perfwaded the Macedonians in manner all, and certain allb of the Andri« 
 ans, there to remain. Afterwards, they alb who by compofition were tranfported to DcliHm, 
 wereby the fair promifes of the King drawn away from thence : which they gave car and credit 
 
 p unto the fooner, tor the love of their native country themii's whereof they might hardly brook. 
 From Aftd'-os they croffed to Cythnns. There they (pent certain daies in aflaulting the City, to no 
 purpofe: and feeing the gains would hardly quit theirpains.ihey departed from thence.Neer unto 
 Prafidi, Cwhich is a place of Aff/r<i within the main) there joined unto the Romsn fleet twenty 
 plnnatfes of the IfTxansjWho were fent to rob and fpoil theterritory of the Caryftians : the reft of 
 the fleet remained at Gereftum, a noble rode and port of Eafxa, until fuch time as the Iffii were 
 returned from C<i?-)','?«»». Then all togethertheymadefail, andpalTingthemids ofthemain fea, 
 they fell with the Ifle of /(;/<;,neer unto Sf)T«r. There they wereftaied for certain daies, by reafoO 
 of the raging No!thwind:which being once laid and the fea calm again, they pitted to Scyathot a 
 City lately pilled and r.inlacked by K.Philip. The tbuldiers ranged over the country, and brought 
 
 Q corn with them to their fliips & whatfoever elfe was fit for mans food. Other booty neither was 
 there any,nor delerved had the Greeks to be fpoiled at theirhands.Thence they bent their courfc 
 forC^'/rfW>-(r<i;&;firft they rode at anchor neer unto yl/f»^«-,3 village fituat by the fea fide, andbc* 
 longing to that State.From whence having failed beyond thecape,&:defirous to come about with 
 their veffels for to approach the very walls of theCity,there arofe a tempeft & fuddain guft.'wherin 
 they had like to have been caft away : but fcattered they were afunder;& having for the moft pate 
 loft ' he tackling of their fliipSjthey efcaped with much ado to land. This tempeft at fea,was alio 
 
 a
 
 6&6 ^^ one and thirtieth Boo\ ofT, Livius. 
 
 a fore-tokcD prcfaging unto them, that they were to follow the war by Land,aiid to give over fea H 
 fervice.For when they bad brought all their fliips together and fet their men a {hore.ihey affciled 
 the Town ■ buc they bad the repulfe with many a bloudy blow befides (for there was within, a 
 ftroH" oarrifon of the Kings) whereupon they gave over their erterprife-,retDrred back and failed 
 o\ctto CAnafu^m i City of P^itf <e«c. And having doubled the point otT-cro^^jihey fet their courfe 
 for Jlccnthm. I here at hrtt they forraged the territory . then forced the Town.ard ranfacked it. 
 And for that their fnips had their lull traught and charge of pillage,they failed no farther forward, 
 but returned from whence ihey came to Ac7<jt/7«j, and from thence to Etiiaa: whereleaving be- 
 hind them their main navy, they put in with ten Chips lightly appointed, to the Bay or gulf of 
 Mii/ea, forto parley with the jfitolians about the whole courfc and managing of the wars. The 
 chief of this embaftage ient from the State, was one ^/p^rr/j/c/w an iEtolianjwhocameto/Ter^-I 
 clea for to treat and confer about thcfe aftairs together with the King and the Roman Lieutenant. 
 They demanded of y?ft.?/«* by vertue of the accord and agreement before made, tofurnifhihem 
 with a thoufand fouldiers/ for fo many ought he by right to fet out and maintainj whenfoever 
 they were to wage war againft Philip' But this demand was denied to the jttolians ; in regard 
 that aforetime they likewife thought mu^h to make a rode to fpoil Macedo^y^zx. what time as Phi' 
 //> kept foul work about Perjf^ww, burning all edifices before him, aswellfacred as prophanc? 
 when they mi°ht have drawn him perforce from thence into his own realm to look unto his pro- 
 per affairs there. Thus the jEtolians were difmiffed with more hope than help : for the Romans 
 fed them only with fair words, and large promifes of all things. Then Afufiim with King^^r^t- 
 l$is returned to the fleet. K 
 
 After this they laid their heads together, and began to confult about the fiege and affault of 
 Oreum. A fltong City this was both in regard of the walls,and alfo of a good garrilon, by reafon 
 that heretofore it had been once affailed. Now therewere 20 fail of Rhodian fliips all dofe co- 
 vered with hatches and decks, which under the conduft of Captain Agejimbrottts^ had joyned 
 with the fleet of An dm and the Romans,afier the winning aiid conqueft of A„dros. Thefe l(hips 
 they fent to lie in the Bay oiZelafium, ( a promontory or cape above the City Demarim, lying 
 very conveniently over againft 7y?/:)«;/^^ for this intent, thatiftheMacedonian fhipsfhouldcome 
 abroad from thence, they might be ready in gard to make fail againft them, Herachdes an Admi- 
 ral for King Philif-, lay there at rode with the navy, attending rather Ibmeenterprife by oppor- 
 tunity and vantage of the enemies negligence, than by plain and open force. The Romans and l 
 uittdus in the mean time planted their ordnance againft Oreum at divers parts. The Romans at 
 the Caftle fide thattlandeth upon the Sea: The King from the vale that lieth between two forts, 
 where as the City is enclol'ed alfo with a wall. And as they affailed in fundry places; fo their man- 
 ner of affailing was much different, and their engins divers. The Romans affayed to approach 
 the wall with tortoifes, pavoifes and mantilets, and to fliake it with the Ram: They of the Kings 
 partufedCrofsbows, Balifts, Catapults, and all manner ofenfigns toflioot forth quarels and 
 darts,yea,and to level and weigh mighty ff ones of exceeding great weight. They undermined al- 
 fo : and in fum, they praftifed all means which they faw by experience did good during the for- 
 mer affault and (lege. But the Macedonians were not only more in number than the time before 
 to defend the City. but alfo of better courage andrefolution; by reafon that the King had rebuked j^ 
 them fliarply for their fault paffed : and they remembred well both his menaces,and alfo his pro- 
 mifes for the time to come : in fo much as the aflailants had fmall hope to win the Town in 
 half. Mean while the Roman Lieutenant,fuppofirg that fome other exploit might be performed, 
 leaving a fufficient number (as he thought J for thefinifhing of the Fabricks begun,and other en- 
 gins of iffault, put over to the next places ot the continent: where he furprifed onafuddain 
 Larifa (not that noble and renowned City in Theffaly^ but another, which they call Cremafte) 
 and won it, all but the fottrefs. Attains in like fort took &geleo>t^ fearing nothing lefs than fuch 
 an accident from them that werebufie in befieging another Town. By this time, as the en- 
 gins and other Fabricks without Oreum were at the point of finifliing, and ready to perform the 
 battery for which they were made : fo the garrifon within was overtoiled with continual pain N 
 and travail, fpent with watching night and day, and faint with many a grievous wound. More- 
 over, part of the wall, fhaken underneath with a butt andpufh of the Ram, was already fallen 
 down in fundry places, info much as the Romans entred by night at the open breaches, and all 
 the way above the Key, and fo werepoffefTed of the Caftle. -^rw/«j likewife by the break of day, 
 after he faw the banner reared upon the fortrefs, and the fignal which the Romans put forth, en- 
 tred the City ; for now the walls in many places lay along. The garrifon and the Townfmen fled 
 to a fecond citadel that they had, from whence aftertwodayes they yeelded. The City was the 
 Kings lot: the bodies of the prifoners were the Romans fliare. Now drew the fun neer unto 
 the jEquinoftial line in Autumn, at what time the Euboean gulf called Co-/^ is dangerous, and 
 not well trufted of mariners. Therefore being defirous to be gone into a place of fate retreat, be- q 
 fore the troublefome winter weather overtook them, they turned their courfe and made head to 
 Pyr*eum, from whence they came: where ^;);<'y?w leaving behind him thirty fhips, fet a com- 
 pafs about the cape oi Malsa^'inA failed to Corcyra. But the King flayed ftill fo long as thefefti- 
 valdayesofCer«continued,becaufehewouldbeprefent at the celebration of thole folemnities. 
 Atter the feaft ended, himfelf likewife retired into Afia : but firft he fent Agefimhotus and the 
 Rhediasshome again.Thefe were the affairs and exploits performed this fummcr by fea and land,
 
 The one and thirtieth Boo\ of T. JLivius. ^aj 
 
 A by the Roman Confuland theLieutenant Generall, with the aid of King ^tialtu and the Rhodi- 
 ansjagaind King Philip znd his allies. 
 
 The other ConfulC.yi «/■<?//«* being come into his Province when the war wasbroijuhttoan 
 end, conid not fmotherandconceale iiis anger concei.ved againft the Prsetor for fi"htin'' in his 
 ablence. When he had taken order therefore to fend him into Etrtiria, himfelf with the Icions 
 'invaded the country of the enemies : whereby way of robbing and fpoilin'^ he waned lo'ashe 
 got more prey than praife. But L.F«r>*«.feeinj4 there was little to do in£rr/<r/.< and withalldefi- 
 rous rather than his life of a triumph over theGauls ( whidi he foppofed to obtain with more 
 eafe,whilcs the Confiil was abfent.who was both angry with him, and alfo envied at him}arri\ed 
 at iCi)?;,'. before any man looked tor liimjand ail'embled the Sena t in the Temple of ^f//tf/...-.'where, 
 
 B after he had declared what ads he had atchleved, he requeued that he miglit be permitted to 
 ride into the City with triumph. In great credit and account he was with many oi the Senators 
 both for his noble and woithy deeds,m which regard tliey honoured him : and alfo for afpeciall 
 favourandlove.in which refpett: they aftcdcd him. But the more ancient and elder Senators de- 
 nied him triumph, as well f';r that he had waited with the army of another,as alio bcLaufc he had 
 abandoned his own Province and government, upon a greedy dehre to catch a triumph, by wai- 
 linghis opportunity, and taking advantage: athingnot warrantable by any foimer precedent or 
 example: And as many of them as had been Confuls laid moreover That above all thin"s heou"ht 
 to attend upon theConfulhis return. "■ For well might he (fay they) being encamped near unto 
 *'theCityj have defended and guarded the Colony only, and fo have drawn the time outuntill 
 
 C '' his coming,and never needed to have fought afetbattcll for the matter. And although the Prx- 
 *^ tor have omitted fo to do, yet ought not the Senat to follow his example, bur exped the Con- 
 "lul. When as therefore they have heard tbeConful and Pritordilcour'.ng and ar^uin^the 
 ** matter both together face to face, then they fliould be able to judgebetter and more foundly 
 *' of thecau 'e.Agieat part ot the houfe was of opinion that they ought to look unto nothing elfe 
 but the good fervicedone, and whether he were la.vlully tailed thereunto, as a MafiHratcof 
 , himl'elf,to manage his affairs by his proper condud and the guidance of his own fortune. " For 
 ^^ of the two Colonies (fay they J which were oppoted as two forts and bulwarks toreflrainthe 
 *' fudden impreffions and tumults of the French , when the one was lacked and burnt, and the 
 '■fame fire like to leap from it to the other fo near, (as from houfe to houfe that joyn together) 
 I^ " what could the Prxtor hive done othcrwife in that cafcPForif there might be nothing attemp- 
 *' ted without the Conful, it mnll needs follow that either the Senat did amifsingivin" the Ptx- 
 '' tor the charge of anarmy(for if their will was that the war lliould be managed not by thePrx- 
 '' tors army but by the Confuls,they might have limited it in the Commiirion by efpecial words 
 "exprefly torbiddingtheletvicetobedone by the Prsetor, but only by the Conful) or elfe the 
 *■'■ Conful hath committed a fault, who havingcommandcd the army to go out of Trfdiny into 
 '' /■V.iwf ,came not himfelf in pcrlon to Arimt'inm to encounter the enemy and be prefent in that 
 *' vvar,vvhich without him might not be lawfully fought. Over and befides, the occafions and fea- 
 *-fonsof war attend noftaies,and tarry for no politick delaies of Generals. And otherwhiles fif^hc 
 "amanmu(l,not be aufca man is willing thereto, but becaufe his enemy puts him to ir. Tocon- 
 
 E ''• dude , the very batt ell it fclf,and the happy iflue thereof, ought only tobeconhderedandrecar- 
 "ded. The enemies arc defeated and flain ; their Camp taken and ranfacked ; thelie^erahed 
 " from the one Colony, and itpreferved; the captives of the other recovered and reltored to 
 " their friends; and to be brief, in one battellthequa»reHisdecided,and the vvarfinillied. And 
 '■ not only men have rejoyced for this viflory,but alfo there have been procefllons for three dales 
 *' fpacc to the honour of the immortall gods : [ 'Eor that L. Furius Iniih ma-nAgcd the Cominon- 
 *' rvcalweH didhufptly a-.-.driot ;7/<-;»^>'._/^/y.]Finally-,thefe French wars fall by a fa'talldefliny to the 
 " houfe and race of the Ftini. By thefe and fuch like rcmonrtrances alledged by himfelfand his 
 friends, tliemajefty of the Conful abfent was over- weighed with the favour born to the Pritor 
 prclerir. And fo in a frequent aflembly of Senators a decree was granted. That Lj-mim fliould 
 
 F rideintriumph. Thus triumphed over theGauls L.F//r;;« Prator, whiles he was in ofh^e. He 
 brought intothecommon treafury jiooooAfles, lyocoopound weight of hlver. Butneithet 
 were there any prifoners led captives in five w, nor fpoils carried in pomp before his chariot,noryec 
 bis fouldic: s followed after. So as it appeared that all other things belides \ idory alone, pertai- 
 ned properly to the Conful. 
 
 After this were the plaies exhibited with great magnificence by P.Corr.elius Scipio^ which he 
 had vowed in Jfrick,^ during his ConlulHiip. Alfo there pafled an order for the lands of his 
 fouldiers; That for fo long as eadi one hadferved in Sp.tiyi ot ylffricl^, hefl-iould havetwo 
 acres for every year: and that thefe lands flvould be let out and affigned unto them by ten De- 
 cemvirs for the purpofe deputed. Then were certain Triumvirs created for to liipply and make 
 
 G v'p dienumberof theRoman Inhabitants in l''t'y:T>fni, by rcafonihatdurngthetimeof .f^,;,vj/<j/ 
 his WIT, the Hrength of that Colony was much enfeebled and impaired. C. "Tc-.-catms Va>-rc, 
 T. Q^intiusFlaminiusy and P.CorNeliufScifio the fon oiCnats.^ enrolled new Coloners to inhabic 
 
 Vcnttf:.-;, 
 
 Tht\amsycMC.Cor>iclhisCcthe(!;f^s, whogoverned 5pwas Pro-Conful, difcomfited n preat 
 hoff of the enemies in the country of the Sedetans. In which battell, by report, werefl^in 
 1 5000 Spaniards, and73miliiaryenhgn3 taken, C.^,'.'rf/'/« the Conful, when he was returned 
 
 Kkk out
 
 • I 
 
 ^^78~ Tbelr^o and thirtieth Boo{ of T. Livius. 
 
 out of his Province to Rome againR tlie folemn ekaion of Magiflrates, complained, not as men n 
 
 made reckoning he would havedonc.fThat theSenat expeaed not for his ccming,northacthe 
 Conful was nocVrmiued to debate the matter with the Pritor ) but found himfelf grieved, 
 " Thatthe Senat had deaeed a triumph fo^as the patty only was fuffered to fpeak who was to tri- 
 "umoh and none ofchem might be heard who were prefent at the bntell.And whereas our fore- 
 " fathers ordained,that Lieutenants,Colonels, Marnials,and Centurions, yea, and in one word, 
 <' thefouldiero Qiould be^t a triumph ; for this end and purpofe^that the truth might appearto 
 « the world.ofal things atchieved by him unto whom logrear.honour was tobedone:Was there - 
 « anv one (quoth he; of all that army which fought with the Gauls, 1 fay not a fouldier, but lb 
 "much as a lackey or horfe-boy following the Camp, of whom the Senat might enquire, whe- 
 <' therthePrxtot fpake true orUlfe?Thisdoneandfaid,hepubliniedtheday cfaffemblyforthei 
 ekaion abovefaid : wherein were created Confuls L . Cormlim Le>:tnluiy and PVtllws Tappu/us. 
 Aft'etthem were Pra:tC)rs chofen L.Qu:ntiusFhTninius.,L.VaUriMsFlacctis^ LVillius 7\:ppn(uj;3Rd 
 C Beh-Hs Pamphilw Grain and other viauals that year were cheap. Great ftore ot corn was 
 dob fieri, brou-ht outot ^fr,cb^vhkh the;Edilesot thechairdiHributedtothepeople,ac*twoAffcsa 
 ModTus They alio kt forth the Roman games and partimes right lumptuoully ; yea,and reptc- 
 fented them one day more than ordinary. Moreover ,of the fiiver railed by fines andforkitures , 
 they rhade kven brazen (latues which they fet up in the treafure-houle of the City .The Plebeian 
 plai'siikev.'ik were thrice renvJed all over bythe j£diks of the Commons L. T erentius M xjfali- 
 eti andC BebiHs /-.jw/jW;/ ^Praetor eka.Finally thefunerall gamesthat year were four dales lo- 
 cet'her exhibited in the common place of the City,occahoned by ihe death of Mydenm Lavi-H 
 °Hs ■ and celebrated tbcy were by his two fon; P. and M. who alio (hewed unto the peopk a 
 brave fpeaackofkncers at the fharp: wherein there were five and twenty couples that entred 
 thelir-s and performed combat. M. Jr.r.lmCotta.or^z ot the Decemvirs^that year departed this 
 life • and in his place M.Jcihas Glib-u was fubordaified. In theiolemDaffembiy for ekftingit- 
 diles of the chair it chanced th.u thofe two whi^h were chofen might not immediately enter in- 
 to office : for C.Corndms Cetheo-avii^^ created in his abkn:e,vvhilei hegoverned the Province of 
 Spa n And C J'dtrnisVU.ccui who was prefent at hi- ownele6Hon,might not befworn to main- ' 
 tain thelnvs'becank he was the Flamin or Tied of /.'/p.ri-r.For lawfull it was not for any Magi- 
 Ura-e to exercik his place above *ied.iie5 unkfs he were Iwornto the laws. Then F/4;c;</ pre- 
 ferred a petition that he mght b.- difpenfed vvith : whefeupon the Senat ordained,That if the vE- ^ 
 dile would find one to fwear in his n.ime at the sood pteafure and dikretion of the Confuls, then 
 the Confuls (if they thought it meet) flionld deal with the Tribunes of the Commons? to pro- - 
 round it unto the peopktiiatit migh- pafs undtr their grant. SoL.KderiHsFlaccMs ( the Prater 
 eka for the year following) was presented totaAC the oath for his brother. Then the Tribunes 
 cut it to a canvafe before the people, and they enaaed. That the oath of his brother fhould be of 
 the lame validity as if the i£dik Mmfelr had taken it in his own perfon.Concerning the other A- 
 diiesalfo there patkd an aa oftheCommons, For when the Tribunes propofed unto the peo- 
 ple, Which two they would have to go into5/)4 wasLL. deputies, with command over the ar- 
 mies; the reopk ord.iined, that C.Car-jf/.w/ the iEdik of the chair might come home to bear his 
 offi e and L.Manl.HS zVo zkei fo many years, departout of bis Province: the people ordained,^ 
 that Cr.jCorlieiius Ley>tulux2T^^ L.Stertimus fhould have the condua and government in Spain^\n 
 quality and titk of Pro-Coi^fuls. 
 
 The two and thirtieth Book 
 
 Of the Hiftories cfT. Livius of Padusij from the Foundation 
 
 of the City of Rome. N 
 
 The Breviary of h. Vlortu upon the two and thirtieth Book. 
 
 MAny ftrjin^ge a'ldfrodigious pi!_hts{a! they were reported frOm divers countries) are here related 
 a :d [ft down: amon^ ivhich .this ii one ^ th.it i»MiCcdoT\y there was a hay tree fpritngup ef it 
 Ce!f inthepocp cf ag.ilhy. T. Quintius Flaminius theC onful fought fortunately againfi Ph'\',ip in the 
 firaqhts of tpirus : andh-iziug put him to flight, he con/pc/led him to return ixto his own kingdom. 
 Hin'flfvuith the ajfijlancc cfthec/£t Hans and Atha>nayis^inf ejied fore and pUguedTU&Si\y, which 
 hrd' retbupnvi Macedony. L. Qiilntius Flamininus the Confitlhis hrother^hy thea'.dof KtnghttZ- q 
 \us a^{dcl:e Rhodiums, male coy.cjutjlbyway at fa, e/EubcEa andallthefea-oafl. The hi.\\z\werf 
 r.ceivedinto amty. The co:-Jpiracr of (laves . that cnmplottedto deLver and ft at l.nge the hoflagesof 
 t he Trf' f '-ag ma it,nM detcEicd aKdrool^no ejfeB.The number of Pr&<ors voas cn:rc f d iO fix The C om- 
 /(/CorneHus Ccthegus d^fjatedihe French Infuhrians in hattell. League and a., ny was concluded 
 between the Rom.t>ts and the L.tcedamoniuns, with their tyrant Nabis. Over <tnd bejides^ there is cow 
 tai ed in this book, the winning of ma ly Cities in Macedony. 
 
 The
 
 T he t^Q and thirtieth Boo\ofT. LAvms. "^ '^ 6^q 
 
 [A 
 
 The tn^o and thirtieth Boo\of T. Li vius. 
 
 WHen the Conful and Prstors were entred into offire upon the * Ides oiM^rcJi-, they » j, o^utnu 
 caft lots for thegovernmcntof the Province". To L.LcntuUu-> itWltJy ; and to P.Vilit' 
 0s, Macedony. As for the Pritors, L.OuiMtiiis had the jurildittion of the City oiRomey 
 and C. Bahsus the government oi Artminum ; L. Valer,us ruled Stct/y, and L. l^iUtus 
 bis lot was to command Sardinia. Z-f«r«/«/ the Conful had order given him toievy newlci- 
 onsjand f^i//;«i to receive the army of P.Sulpitmsf with commiffion and iicence to take upas ma- 
 B ny fouldiers as he thought good himfelf to fnrnifh the fame vvith a irefli fopply. Thofc legions 
 which C. Attrelius Confiil had in charge, were afligned over to B^htus the Priior, with conditi- 
 on to keep them with him, nntill the Conful were arrived in France with a new army ; and fo 
 foonas hecame, to difcharge anddifmilVe all the fouldiers hometo their houfes except 5000 
 allies: foralmuch as this number was thought fufBcientto govern the Province about Artmt- 
 
 Tfuni. 
 
 ThePritors ofthc former year continued ftill Commanders of their armies. Cn.Sirg-ius was 
 enjoyned 10 fee and take order, that certain lands fliould be fet out ibrthofe fouldiers who had 
 ferved many years together in SfMn, Italy., and Sardiyiitx. And Q^ Mtnutita had in charge to "o 
 through with that inquihtion of certain confpirators and traitors in the Brutians country, upon 
 
 ^ which he had fitten already as Pritor with great fidelity and diligence: ardalfo to fend unto Lo- 
 mfor to receive due punifliment of thofe prifoners, whom being attainted and convidfed of fa- 
 criledge, he hadfent bound to Rome. And hnally, tocaufeallthe treafure taken out of the Tem- 
 ple ot Prop rp/W, to be relVc red thither again, with an over-encrirae, tomakefatisfartion and to 
 raze out the wicked partcommitted. The Latine feaR^. -.nd holy-daies were folemnized again by 
 vertue of an ordinance ofthc Bitbops, upon this occalion. That certain EmbadJdors from Ardck 
 complained in the Sena t, how they had not their ordinary allowanceof flefli attheLatinefeafis 
 aforefaidin the mount -'4/^.t,accordingto the oldcultomc. News came from iVf/p, that twobt 
 their City gates, and all the wallbetween.was fmitten with lightning. Meflengers alfo from For- 
 w/rfreporiedthattheirTempleof y;//);fif)- waslikewifeblalkd. Moreover, they oWftia brouohc 
 
 ^ word of the like mifchance with them intheChurchof J»p/f<rr. And from ri'/;f>-<ttidino's came 
 
 of thelikemil'hap, fallen upon the Temples of ^/p(?//o and 5^»^«/. And that in the Temple of '^ 
 
 Hercules there fprung up a bufh of hair. Letters came alfo from Q^Mimttitistlit P/ro-Pritor out 
 of the Brutians country , that there was a colt foled with five feet,ard three chickens hatched with 
 three feet apeece. After all ih\s, P. Su/pititis the Pro-Prxtor fent letters from out of Maceda»y,con- 
 taining among other matters this news, that there was a Laurell tree grew ot it felf in the poop 
 of a galley. 
 
 The Senat in regard of all the former prodigious fights, ordained, that the Conful fhould fa- 
 crifice greater bealis.unto what gods bethought good: but about thisiafl rehearfed> the Saoth- 
 faicrs that pry into beafts inwards, were fent into the Senac-houfe ; andbydired^ionof theic 
 
 E anfwer, an tdic^ went forth, That the people fliould go in proceflton, and make fupplications 
 oneday,and In all Temples and Altars ofthegods there were facrifices celebrated with Teat de- 
 votion. 
 
 The Carthaginians this year came to 7?3w;f v/ich thefirft payment of the tribute impofed upon 
 them : and forafmuch as the treafnrers and receivers of the vEity made report, that the filver was 
 not good and liwtnl,and being brought to thetrial,w3s found too light by one fourth pare wafh- 
 cd away thofe Carthaginians were conllrained to take up money of the bankers of Rowe-, and to 
 make good the defeat and lofs of the (ilver abovefsid. They put up a petition befides unto the 
 Senat that it might Hand with their good pleafuretore-deliver now their hoft.gcs. Whereupon 
 anhundredof them were rendred back, and good hope there was ot therelt- it fobetheyconti- 
 
 F nuedloyall and fall in their alleageance. And whenthay made a farther rcqiiefl in behalf of thofe 
 hollages which were not delivcredthat they might be iranfported from A^ori^z/f where they were 
 not to theirgood liking and eafe) tofome ctherplace,<',rantedit was, that they might remove to 
 Sij^rt.t and FcreKttftum. In like tort, theGaditansmade humble fuit, and obtained this liberty , 
 that there fhould not be fent from the Romans acaptain to govern 0"'^^/, any thing to the con- 
 trary in their covenant ('concluded with L. Martins Septmuus-, when they yielded themfelves un- 
 der the fubjed^i en of the Romans )notwithflanding. Moreover, forafmuch astheEmbafladors 
 o'iNnrniii made complaint, that they had not their full number of inhabitants, and that there were 
 certain flrangersentcrmingled amorgthem,not of their own n3tion,who barothemfelvcs as Co- 
 loners i therefore L. Corfielins the Conful was commanded to create three Deputies or Commif- 
 
 G (iorcrs,called Triumvirs for to reform this difordcr.And chofcn there wcrefor this purpofe, /'«^- 
 lifi' 3V.d S/flf/is ty£/itis, who had both of them the furname of Vatus, andC. Corneliusl.cntuluf. 
 This that was granted to them of A/'.frHi.i, was denied tothcEmbaffadorsof Ccij(7<«,wholikevvife 
 rcqucded that the number of their inhabitants might be encreafed. 
 
 The affairs thusfiniOied at Rome that there vvci^e to bedone^theConfuls went into their feve- 
 ra!) Provinces. P.r,lliusl'o foon as he was arrived in M.xedoini was welcomed at his Brd coming 
 with a dangerous mutiny oi the fouldiers. which long afore being kindled,was not well quenched 
 
 Kkk 2 at
 
 ^co The trpo and thirt ietb Boo\ of T. L ivius. 
 
 at the firrt beginning. Thefe were thofe two ihouland, which after the defeat of yi»«<i<i/, wercH 
 fent out of ^jfr/cifmio 5/f;/r ; and fromihence, a. year after aim oft, tranfported into ^«f<fo«^ 
 for voluntary fouldiers: but they chetnl'eUes ftood lioutly to it, that it was no voluntary aft of 
 theirs, but that they were fliipped by theirColonels and Tribunes Full againft their wills. And 
 howfocveritwas,whethcr they ferved willingly or unwillingly,it was but meet and goodrcafon, 
 that the time of their fouldiery fhould run out.and their fervicc have an end at length.Alledgii^, 
 that for thefemany years they had not feen/r*.//; that they waxed old men ijnder their hamels, 
 havin«' born arms in Sicily >\n Affrick^,in6 in Macedony ; that with toil and travel fo tedious,thcy 
 were weak and feeble } and after fo many wounds and hurts received, tbeyhad no more bloud to 
 lofc. The Conful made them anfwer,th.it their cauie was good and reafonable,but marred in the 
 handlin" ; and meet hethoughi it, that they fhoud be difmiffed, iftheycould haverequefted iti 
 in modeft terms : but neither it, nor any cauie elfe w hatfoever was VTarrantable to make a mutiny 
 andfedition. Therefore,if they could be content to keep to their colours,and be at command as 
 ioyall(ouldiers,he would intheir behalf write his letters unto the Senat,as touching their conge 
 and difmilTion : for be they well affured, that they ftiallget more by fobcr and gentle behaviour, 
 than byany fuch Hubbornjfroward,and wilfuil demeanor. 
 
 At the fame time Phtltf aflai led the City of ThMumad with terraces & mantelets in all forcible , , 
 manner-t o that he was now at the point to batter & fhake the wall with the ram.But the fuddea 
 arrival of the j£toiian- enforced him to furceafe his enterprife; whobythecondu6l of^rr^/<i4- 
 KJHJ ha. ing palVed through the midli of the Macedonian guards, & encred the town^ never ccafed 
 djy nor nignt to make faiiies f lah, one whi'e npon their (fanding wai.h, other whiles upon their ^ 
 fabncks & engine The naturili-tnaiiono! the place yielded themgood help and vantage: forthe 
 town of r,'.) ///>; ri is feated on high to amms thinking as hegoeihfrom PyZ-e & the gulph ot /J/<7.' 
 lea by the w 'y oi Lamia U llieweih it felf aloft,feemi' gio o.erlook 5: command the ftreightpaf- 
 la^eott he torreds called to?/ '.Again. when one tiavellcth over the craggy places>and the crooked' 
 waies entangled with to m^ny windings in the vallics of T/j^/.f/y, and is approached once near to 
 the City, alfon a tudden he may difcover before him a mighty large and open plairy, 2s ii! were a 
 wide and vali fea fo rsiman liiall have much .do to reach with his eye fo farau thefe downs lye 
 The fight of ^^^ ^^,^j.y ^^^y nnder hiin,ai)diec all oiep.hcm. And hereupon. by reafon of this Ifangeand mar- 
 w*uT"^ *"'" vellous profpe6l,ihe Ci^y is called ' Tla'4nuc:. Oyer jnd beiides that the high grounds affordeth 
 » rtao.irabie, it fecurity, it Uandeth alio upon a huge rock, divided into divers crags and broken cliffs, ThefeL 
 or wonacrtulJi difficulties forced f/;///;; rogive over hisattempt, and namely, whenheconfidered and weighed 
 wiihall that ihetownitfelfwhenitwaswon,wou]dnotquit the painful labour, and pay forthe 
 danger about it. Befidcs,the winter was now athand,when he departed from thence,and retired 
 his forces \nio Mac edony.,\.\\tit to harbor. VVhere, when all others,dnring the time that they could' 
 catch any repo'e and reft, relrefhed their fpirits and bodies with fomc recreations and difports ; 
 Philtv on,y how much le'pit foeverhe had, either of intermilTion orremilHon from continual la- 
 bour of marching in journey, and fighting in battell ; fo much more trouble he had in his mind 
 whi'es he courfed and difcourfed with himfelf>wbat the total and fin.!li ifluc might be of this war: 
 whiles heftood not only in fear of the enemiesjwhi^h perfccuted him by fea and land, but alfo in 
 doubi.as wellof the he.rts ot his allies.asofthe affections of his own fubjedsUeft t heone in hopcji^ 
 of the Romans triendfliip Oiould revolt,and the other (evcn-ihe Macedonians chertlfdves)del re 
 Dovelties.and iongfor aihonge. Therefore he addrcff;d his Embaffadors into yt/c/.«.f, bothto 
 cxai'tan ojthotttie A hx.tns fortheit alleageance (for they had capiinlatedih the accord and a- 
 greemcnt mjde,yearly to fweartealtyunto Phi/'p) and afotodeliveriii'o their hands,©^-;:^^^;- 
 »!<-< fftrca n-.d I'riphylia. And when they demanded alfo y^///)/)*/-^, the EmbafTadors anfwcred, 
 that the Ciiy never pertained to Irip'^y/.'a, but that of right it ought to be reftored unto Pl^i/ip: 
 as beino one of them. which in the generall councill and aflembly oftheArcadiaifc, wereallignett 
 and fei out for the building ot .MeoJopoln. And thus verily he entertained firm alliaricefwitblhe 
 A hxans.As fo, iheMacedonians'hegained their hearts unto him, by occafion of //'^-r/fr/JiS^w: for 
 fe^iing thatby m:^ansot him he incurred their exceeding ill will and hard conceit.andthai'he was j,| 
 char);\ed with many grievous crimes.he calf him in prifcn togratifie his ownfubjedlrs:whereat'thc 
 people took gre3tjoy,and hearts content. Then made he preparation for war.withaneaineften-' 
 dcav or.as at any time before: he exercifed as well the Ma edonians as mercenary fouldiers in pay, 
 namely to wear their armor and handle their weapons ; & in the very prime offpring,he fent air 
 bis forrain aids and light armed louldiers, under the lading oi ylthen^^orM into ( h^ionia by the 
 Yi.\y o^ Eprtny tofei^crpon ihef^raighf poflagerear toA»f;^«»/4, whiih the Greeks call ^f^w^r. 
 Himfeifafcw d.iies a fier followed with his main army more heavily appointed. And when hehad 
 well viewed ScconfiKrtd thedtuationofthecountry, and howit lay,he judged that thcquartcr 
 coa(iin^ upon the river Aim was tliemeetelt place to fort ifie and encamp in. This river between 
 [wo hills I he one by the peal'antsot the country called t/Cr^^jM* the other A/«4«/,runneth within Q 
 a narrow vale and vieldeth bnt armal! paff'ge upon the bank fide. He commanded AthenAgO' 
 TM to«:ain and tortific AfiTut with his light armed fonldiers : himfelf encamped upon t^roput. 
 And look what way as the hill wa^- fenced withbrokenandcragoedrocks, there hekept afmall' 
 guard of fome few fouldiers: but whereas there was more danger, and eafier accefs for the 
 enemy ht^ fortified with trenches rampiers and bulwarks. He planted alfo and difpofedinconve- 
 mtai places a great number of engins to fend out quarrels and other HioCyfor to keep the enemies 
 
 aloof,
 
 T he tr3P0 and thirtieth Boo\ of T. Livius. £^i 
 
 A aloof.Thc royal pavillion ofiheKing himfelf was pitcht before the rampier upon a bank'-.u^amod 
 corfpicuous place of open fightjtor toienihe the enemy, and alio to encourage and hearten his 
 own men .when they fliou'd fee him fo tonlidem and reloluce.The Conlul adverti7ed by Charopns 
 theEpirotjVvhacpaH'agestheKinj^ with his itmy was pofleffcdofT after he had pafl'ed the wintci 
 mCorcyr.i, himfclf likcwife in the beginning of Spring went up into the m»in land, and held oh 
 bis mirth toward the enemy. And b<.ing advanced almoH within Hvc miles of theKingscamp,hc 
 left his legionsin a Uronj; fenced pU.e jnd went himleif in perfon lorward with certain lightly 
 appointed in efpiall to dil'cover the quarccrs , and the morrow after held aconfultation, VVhe- 
 ther he mightdobetterto nffiytopils through the place whi.h thecncmy kept ( notwithfland- 
 inghefaw evidenily bcfo.e hiscv-C'; great iroubie and hazard inihat adicmure ) or to bring his 
 B army about and fetch a i.omp I- the;<ime vv.iy,whcre.is the year before 5«/p/n«<cntrcd inio Ma- 
 cedoxy. This deliberation lie d him for cert jindjics in even balance and fufpencc, unti.l news 
 came unto him that T.Q^i mti was reared Con;ul ;and having thePro\ince oiA/a.edo-iyiliQi* 
 ted untohim made liaiii. thiiher and was already pafled toC(7; err-/. 
 
 rdtriMs AntiM wiiteth ho>v ViJiut was entr d the pais aforefaid Scbecaufe he could not take 
 thertraiglit and diieCl way (,by realon (hat theKirg and his for-eshad befet allplaies)tollowcd 
 the valleyalono thronyh the miJdic whercifihe ri.er '/few runneth:and havm" made a bridge * 
 over it.m great hade pafled overto the bark, wbereasthe Kino was encamped, andtheretouoht •.,'•, < 
 a^batteli: wherein the King was diLomhtea ard put tofiight, and driven out of his camp: that pinra.Nigro. 
 i.;coo enemies were (lain in that > onliict, 2:00 taken priioners, 152 enfigns won and carried a- vntfftiHiu. 
 C way.befides i^ohorle. Aifoihatdiiring the tom'nut there was a Temple vowed vmo Jupnert in 
 cj!c thcConful Iped well in the battel . But ail other writers both Greek andLatine, atleafiwife 
 whole Annals I ha\e read, report that ^;f//«.f performed no memorable ait, and that the Conful 
 T.Q^U'ittus who next Uiaeedcd took in hand the whole and entire war himfclf. 
 
 Whiles things thus p.. fled in A!.ictd'>»y the oiberCcnful L,/.f«,*«/»/wholiaid behind at Rome^ 
 held a general al'cmbly for iheele^^ion of Cenfois : And among many famous and iiobie perfo- 
 mgcs who fned for that dignity, P.CortJc/ms Scpio JfrnaKm, and P.tyE'ms Pttius wtreireated 
 Ctnlors. Thcfc two ag eeing together in great con. ord, both elefted a Sena t without defamin"" 
 any per.cn ; and alfo f .rmcd out the toll tor portage of all things that were lold at C p:ui : Item, 
 ihey letSc to faim Ict,thevu(iomefor paflagethat way whereasthe camp flo^d and where now 
 D iiurc is a town built :and enroled three hundred Coloners ( for that nnmber wj'- limited by the 
 Scnar) there to inhabit. They fold alo the lands of C«-/>'-4 lying under the hill 7 f-ia. 
 
 About the fame time /..>^^ ..iw /:/c'^.««i departed out oi Spam and waspt' hibiied b^ jW. 
 P^rciHt Lcia a Tribune o' the Commons, toenter at his return ii to the City with the folemn 
 pomp of an 0«ation notwithi.nding he had that hmour granted by the Sen it. So he came into 
 Rome asaprivatc perion and 1 rought into tf^c Chamber ofthe City oi pound weight of ul.er, 
 and thirty ponrd weight well-near of g)ld. The fame yezTCn.B^'i ii ! a -.phi/Hf^who had recei- 
 ved the Provin e of Fr»!»rf Tom C.Ww'f/.w.rthe Conlul ofthefn mcr ;. ear, engaocd himfclf rafti- 
 ly within the marches of the Fren.h Infijbham, an' wasenviror^^d md en lo;ed f undabout> 
 both he and in manrer his whole army. He loll above 66co men. See what an o.er'hrow was 
 E re(ciicd in a war, whereof there was no re koningmade, and fron when e n'^ danger was fea- 
 red any more.This caufed L.Letttnltt! the Conful to come onto tl t C ly ft y?»w<■^who being ar- 
 rived intoa Pro in elu 1 ot trouble and tumult atier hehad re. ei edthe ch rgc o' afrightcdand 
 dil'maicd a my ga-eihe Iritor a great check and rebuke,8c took him I'p onn.''ly withreproach- 
 fnil terms, yea and commanded him togethim gone out of the Provin^e.and to repair to Aowf, 
 Neither pcrformv-'d the Conul himfeifany exploit worthy r,' remembrance by reafonihathe was 
 called home to Rome f'>r fo hodthelolemn eleilion of Magilirates: which alfo was ftaidby 
 Af.Ffthiasy^nd .MXhyhs Tribunes of the Commons : who likewife would not fuffer T, Qntn- 
 tiui F/.;»ji«'«KJ,hav ing been but QuaeHor for to (land for a Confullliip. '' Now adaies,fay they, 
 " thcdignitiesof jtdilesand Pritors are nought fet by, and not worth the fceking tot: and thefe 
 F "•' noblemen will needs mount into the Confuls place, notbyfleps and degrees ot other offices, 
 " wherein they fliould make proof and givcgood tellimony what thcirrarriagc is, but leapinoo- 
 " ver thofeinthemidll^, joyned the lowefl and highefl together. This debate which began in 
 A-fars field in the aflembly of the people, came at length to be decided before theSenat. And the 
 LL. ordained, That forafmnc h as he which I'ued for that dignity, was by la w capable thereof it was 
 reafon that the peop'e llaould have plenary and abfohitc power to create him, or whomfoever 
 clfe they peafed."!5o the Tribunes lubmitted themfelvesurd,;rtheaHth'.rity of the Senator. And 
 forCoff. vvere eleited 5f v.^/f / «/ Pttus, and T QH.miHsFl mininus. Then enlued theelei^ion of 
 tbePrirors. In which were creited L.Cornelius Mertt[-i,M.CUuAttis Marccllus, M. Porctus Cato, 
 and CHdvifiS who bad been .£diles of the Commons By whom the Plebeian plaies vvere re- 
 G ntied;and a folemnfealf made in the honour of jHp:ter inreg.ird ot thofe plaies. TheCurule jE« 
 diles WVevfilQ C.^alfrr lis F lucent, who alfo wasthe FlamincDialisor Priellof J«p(rfr,and C.Cor- 
 mlusCithf^HS^ exhibited the Roman games with great magnificence. The great Pontifices or 
 t>\([\o^% Serving S-!/pitifts.it\d L.G;?/'/i died that year : In whofe places were enftalled ,M.ty£my 
 tim T.vp dus and Cr. Cornelitu Scipio. Now when Sex. Aliiif P^rut and Trtat Ofitnti.'ts FlamimnHS 
 the Coll. werecntred into their Magiflracy, they affembled the Scnat in the Capitoll : where the 
 tl-.$4VeOfder, that concerning thetwo Provinces of M.icedo»y ind Jtalj, theConluls fbould 
 
 Kkk 3 eiib«.
 
 ^5 1 '^^^ i^<> ^"^ thirtieth Boo\ of T. Livius. ^ 
 
 clthec agree bbtweenihemlelves, orelfecaft lots whether of them fliould govern theone or the H 
 other: And that he, whofe hap was to have the charge of M.tcedo»j^ ftiould enroll of Romans 
 three thoufand footmen, and three hundred horiemen: Alio ot Ladne allies five thoufand foot, 
 and five hundred horfc,for to fupply and furnifh out the legions. And for the other Conful it was 
 decreed, that he fboul^ have an army all entire and new. L. Lentulns the Conful of the former 
 vcar, continued iHllGovernonr in the Provinccwithexprcfs commandment, that neither him- 
 iclfftiould leave the government, nor wlchdriw his forces trom thence, before the Conful were 
 come with the new legions. So the Conl'uls referred themfelves to the direction of the lots. To 
 \/£lin* lell /m/;: and Macidony to Qumtiits. As for the Prxtors.who all were guided by lots, L. 
 CorndiHs MernL had the juri'dittion of ihe C'ty of Rome. M.ClMdms governed Sicily. To M. 
 ' Forcius was allotted Sardtma, and C. Hchtus his lot was to be L.Deputy in Cm!. After this they I 
 bean to take mulkrs. For over and beudes the Confuhr armies, thePr^tors alfo were charged 
 lolevy fouldiers. To A/^'Cc//«/ were alTigned four thoufand footmen of Latine allies, and three 
 hundred horfemen to go inco5/c//;. And tor Ofu three thoufand loot of the fame kind of fouldi- 
 ers with two hundrecThorre to ferve in Sardinia : upon condition, that when both thefePrattors 
 •were come into their Protinces.theyfliould dikhargeall the old fouldierstherejas well footmen 
 
 as horfemen, ^ , r ■ i • . o ~' 
 
 Then the Confuls orarted the Emhafl.idors of Kmg Attalus leave to come into the Senat* 
 houfe : where havin^ audience gi \ tn them, '' after ihey had declared how their King and Mailer 
 *• had alTiHed theState of Rome wth his forces as well by Tea as land, and flievved himfeif chcar- 
 *M'ull, ready, arid obedient to this prefent day for to execute and perform whatfoever the Roman "^ 
 " Confuls had enjoyned him to do ; they a'd novv,thai ihey mu.h feared left from henceiorward 
 *' he would nt)i be able to do the fame by rtaion he was impeached by yl»ttochns.¥ot Antiochut 
 *■'■ lakino his varta'^e^afld finding the realm of Attains <i\^\\i.m\xd of garrifons, and unprovided 
 •»<• of tor°esboth by fea and land, had in^^ded the fame. For which occalion v4fr<j/«j befought the 
 J^'LL.of the Senat there afiembkd that it they minded toule his navy, and employ the merns 
 **• that he could make, in the fen ice of the MnedoniaQ war^they Wv^uldthen fend hima fuffici- 
 *«c r"-rrifontodefendhiskingdorn: but rt ihey thought not Well thereof, hisrequeft was to 
 ^'ptrmiihimfelfto return vvith his fleet and other fori esjto the defence of his own. TheScnac 
 oave order to return this anfwer unto the Emhaffidors; '■ Whereas King v4«/i/«j had fuccoured 
 ''•the Roman Captains with his Armado and other means of war, the Senn accepted thereof inL 
 *• thcheli paii.Buc as touching ^«f;oc/:;«/ the King, anally and friend of the people ol Rome-, they 
 ••' reii her would fend any aid againft him: nor yet detain the aids of King >^«rf/winany fervice 
 ''ot theirs, loncerihan the King himfelfftiould think it ilood with his owncorrmodity.Forthc 
 ♦' m.inrer ot the people of ^owehath atwaics been to ferve their own turn with the help and afli- 
 " itince ot oibervbutyet at ihe good pleafure & difcretion of others. And whofocvcr were wil- 
 « lin" to re/icve the Romans, they were at their own liber y to begin and end when they would 
 *' the-nfclves.Howbcit they purpofedto addrefs their Embaffadors unto y^«f.'of^»*<,toadvertife 
 " him and let him underftand.that the people ot Rome employed the help oi Attains his ftiips and 
 »' fouldiers aoainli Ph,hf a common enemy: and the Senat would take it kindly at his hands, if 
 "■'tor their fakes be toibare the Realm of Attahu, and abilatncd from war. For meet andreafon\i 
 " it was, that the Kin^s who were friends and allies to the people of^awf,fliouldlikewifeenter- 
 " tain peaie and amity among themfelves. ... ■ , 
 
 T.Ourntius the ConUil made h^ft e to be gone into his Province: and when hehad levied and 
 muftered his foivdii-r-; fo, as that he had enrolled thofeold experienced lervitors forthemoft 
 psn, who h.-d giiengoodprcof of their valour inthefcrvice oiSpJiin and A frick^, he wa.' de- 
 tained fo Ion'?, ^t Rome by o.cahon of certain prodigious figns reported, untill he had taken order 
 for the appealing ofthegods,.-;nd expi.'tion of them. The lightning fcorchedand blafitdthegreac 
 prrc way from ('en'- the Common Hall likewife of publike afl'emblies, and the Temple of Jupi- 
 ter }n L>'r.uv:urf' ■• a lo the Temple of Hercules in Arden : the walls belides and turrets ofCapna, 
 sr.d the Temple ihere which is called Alf4. At Aretium the sky appeared to be on a light fire.^ 
 At f^f/'f"s the earth fccled and funk down, leaving a greatgapingchink for the compal's of three 
 acres of ground. Word moreover was brought,that inSuejfa Aurmcazhmh was yeaned with 
 two head'^ ; and in Sir.uefj'a a porket with a mans head. In regard of thefe prodigies, there was a 
 procelV.on and application one whole day, and the Confuls intended devoutly to their facrifices: 
 and aiterthev had pacified ihegods, they took their journey into their Provinces. &liM-,to%&- 
 iher with C.H./w«i the Pr;stor went into France and gave unto the faidPritor the army which 
 he recei,-ed oi L.Leytnlui. and fhould have difmifTcd and difchargcd of their fervice ; becaufehe 
 purpofed himfelf to employ in his own wars the Irefli ard new legions which he brought with 
 him:buthepertormed no action worth the report. The other Conful T. jQ«»>r»«» having taken 
 the lea, and deputed rom Brm^dufjumioont: than other Confuls were wont, arrived itCercjraO 
 with eight thoufand foot, and eight hundred horfe. From thence he croffed the Teas with a gal- 
 leace of five ranks ot oar-^, d"reitinghis courfe for the neareftcoaftscf£p/r«»-.and by great jour- 
 neys madchnrteuntil he was come to the Roman camp: from whence alter he had licenfed ^///»- 
 «i todepaii,and(laid there feme few daies nntii his forces which were at Corf;^^ could overtake .,■ 
 him, he called his Council! togerher to refolve, Whether heftiould keep on his journey dircftly, 
 and make way tluough themidlf of his enemies where they lay encamped^orjatherwithojjt any 
 
 fuch
 
 The tn^o and thirtieth Boo{ of T\i^ivius. 65^ 
 
 A fuchattempt(which could not but carry with it great pain and perill) fetch a compafs about with 
 Tatety, and 10 enter into .-l/^^^o^^by ihe way ot the Djlhreiians country and L«»?fw. And veti- 
 ly-this latter courf; of the twain had taken place, but that he feared, when he were retired once 
 far from the fca,and had let the enemy ilip out ot his hand- it" the King h.iply were minded ('as he 
 had done before j to defend himfc.f within the defjtts and forreiis, that he fhouldl'pend all the 
 Jorgfummeranddo no good.Thcretorc come; what wouidotit herefolvedtoallail thecnemyin 
 that very place as dffi.uit asit was,withallthedifjdvant ige what oe^er. But as they detefmined 
 int. eir intention thus to do, fo ihey were not fo ready in chc means toexcinteardeffed the 
 iame. Thus they fate Hilland Ipenclo ty daies within [he eye of ihe inemy,and made no attempt, 
 1 hen /'/j/A^^con tived lome hopetoalfay a pea^ej by the mean^ and interK.fli-^n gf the tpirot 
 B nation. And afctrcunfultationhad there were certain agents ho'en tor that [.t rpole to wit, /*<?«- 
 y«»;7'^the Prator, and y//if.v^Wtf/-(Jeneraliof ihehor e ; who brought thtConful a .d theKing 
 together forco parliinro a place whereas the river y/o«ji.sr!atrovvclt-..nd the bank;, neareli toce- 
 thcr.Titedemandsot theConUilih fiim weretheie: Tliat Phi/ip fliould remove hisgarri'ons out 
 ofthcCities /ff»;,That whofeicrritorics or towns he had pilled and fpoiled, he fliould makerc- 
 Hitution again unto them all i hole things that were extant and to be found : as fortherefl, they 
 fhoold be prized and vi hied indiffcrenily to their worth. P/jiA/jrhade ahfwer again, *■' Thatall 
 " thofepeeccs were not of likcqiiality and londition. , As for fuch as he had taken himlelf, he 
 " would be conrtnt toitt them at liberty: but for thofe that were left unto him by his progenitors 
 . "and prcde:eflors,he would not torgo thepfflcfliontherecCfincehe held them lawfuUyinri^hc 
 C ^' ofinheritanre.Fin3ily,i'thofe Cities wherewith he had warred made complaintjthai they were 
 * everendam.igedby him, he would report himfeif to what'Cities and States they would them- 
 "fehes, and Itand to their aw.ird lotbcy were neuters, or in peace as well with the onefideas , 
 " the other. TheConfui hereunto replied and laid, That for this matter it was needlefs to refer 
 ••' themrchesto the arbit emtni or doom otany. Forwhofecth not evidently ( quoth he) that 
 *■ he hath done the wrong who hrli took armsPAnd that /^^/A;i before ever that hfe was molefteci 
 "and troubled by any war from othi r< offered violence firll unto all? After^when it was debated 
 ♦' what Cities fliould be let irte,the Conful named firlf o^i\\Thc(fahn:ca:ii whitb word the King 
 wasinUi.h a heat ot cholcr that he cried out afond,'" What harder condition 0^/«f/a;/ would 
 ' '• yon impoic upon him that you had v.nquiflnd ? and withall, he flung away in achafetromoff 
 *^ thcpii.eot meeting and entiTiicw and wouidnolor^gtr p rl. And much ado they had on both 
 fidjs to hold their hand-,t:om flioonngone at anoilicr, :or the river ran In the midft between 
 them that they could not try it out by the ears. The morrow after there pafied many lioht skir- 
 miflic": bet ween the fff-'-p.- de f:iardon\>u\[\^insh'>j iwzy oi excurfions, firfl iiiaplain that layout 
 broad enough fur thatpurpoie ; but aUcrwards as the Kings men retired thennifeUes into the nar- 
 row C: raights and rough rugged places , the Romans of an ardent de(ire to be fighting, entred thi- 
 ther fodn after. The Romans hud on their fde the benefit ot good order and military difci- 
 pline and werettirnifhtd withfu.h kind of weapons as were fit for to maintain a skirmifli in a fee 
 batte'l. Thetnemies again fo their parts had the vantage of the ground, and ihehelp ofiijndry 
 cnginj to calf forth fbot afar otVCas baliHsandcatapulis ^planted and ranged almofl upon every 
 E tlitf'and roik »s it had been upon the walls of a Ciiy. Atrer they had on both fides given and ta- 
 ken miny a wound, fo asdi\ers of them were left flain on the eaith, asif they had fought in a fiill 
 battel the night at length parted them jfunder. . , , 
 
 Things thus Handing iri thele tetms, there hapned a certain herdmanfent from CZ'.jro;'»« a 
 Prince ot ihe Epirots to be brought before the Conlul: who gave him tounderfland that he kept 
 catreii a gracing in that forrett ( whi.h then was overfpread with the Kings pavillion ) and knew 
 ail the 1 ranks, ail the svindings, turnings, and blind waics of thole mountains ; promilTng, that if 
 he would fend out a band of fouldiers with him, he would condud them thorow n place that 
 was neitherdaftgcrons noryetdiffi.ult and hard of afcent : which if they had on.e gained, they 
 (Viould be over their enemies heads and able to command them. And thele things ( quoth he )^ 
 F yon may fiUL-ly rruH upon ; for C^/jrop«« willed me to makedcvlaration,Thathecould wifh you 
 thcConful wereMafler ofall rather than any other. The Conlul was defirous to belceveall,buc 
 durfl nor credit him. And thus bding troubled in ipirit, whiles he entercaincd in his heart both 
 joy and fear together, at lenpth the authority 6*'C;Wo/)«< induced him to relbhe and give the ad- 
 ventnre of this hope thus offered and pefented unto him. And tothecnd that the enemy might 
 diflruft and lujpeitnothing, tdr two' daies following he never cealed to aflail and provoke him, 
 letting companies of armed fouldiers in evefy place, to charge upon him, and ever fe onding 
 ihem with frefh mcntofu:ceedinthcplaceofthe weiried. Attcr this he delivered to a Tribune 
 ot Coloneil fourthonfand chofen fooumen, and three hnndr-d horfemcn ; with thi« direA'on, 
 ro lead forward the Cavalry, as far as the ground would gi\e leave : and when they were come 
 G once to a place where the horfemen conld not pafs nor mar^h farther, then to platit them in 
 !ome plain and even ground : willing the footmehtomar-h on as the guide fliouId le.id them and 
 point out their way : but after they were mounted above the enemies heads, according as he un- 
 dertook and mar^epromife then to giveafignbyfmok,and not to fliout and tofetup aery untill 
 cmemigbt giuffe thu upon hgnall of battetl by him given, the batrcll was be^un. AndtheConful 
 p,»\ c commandment to mart h by night (for as good hap was, the Moon was at full, and fhone 
 all ni jbt lorig^ and tak-e thcii rcfeilion srd flecp in the day time. As for the guide aforcfaid, 
 
 h«
 
 ^54 
 
 I be two and thirtieth Boo\of T. Livius. 
 
 hemaclcinitob.im many f:.if and brgepromifes^ificmight app-3r,thathe meant cruth, and dealt f 
 fiithfally: ho wbelt in the mein time he delivered him bound to the cuftody of the faid Colonel. 
 Whenthcfe companies were thus fenc away the Rom.n Generall travelled and endeavoured lo 
 much the more to gain vantage of the enemies guards. All this while.the Romans that werefent 
 out With the Colonel, marched forward ; and upon the third day, when they had given token by 
 fmoakjthat they had won the pitch of the hillas they intended, and heid it Hill: then theConlul 
 divided his forces into three fquadrons.and entred the midll of the valley with the main ftrength 
 of his armvjbut he led forth the wings of his battell, both the right and the left, againft the very 
 campof thcenemies.VVho alfo for their parts were not behind to re- encounter and receive him. 
 AM all the whiles that ihey advanced without their fortifications of defence upon a hot defire of 
 conflia it fell out, ih it the Roman louldier had the better a good deal, as being more valourous, I 
 more skilful,and better appointeil with weapons for that kind of fervi.e. But after that the Kings 
 foulditrs, vvhe cotmarywere v. oundtdorkilled outright, retired themfelves to places of fafety, 
 cither by natural fituation or by art of man the danger returned upon the Romans heads,who in- 
 confideratlyw>.reergigedinto places of difadvantage, and into narrow flreights, from whence 
 they could no retire with eafe. And furely they had not returned back again unpunifhed for their 
 jradinefs but that the Kings men hearing firft an outcry behind their backs, and feeing alfo a skit- . 
 mi(h beeun,were allonied at the fudd&n tenor, and put befides themfelves. Somefled here and 
 there away'iOther.ihatmide a (land and tarried iHll, for that they rather wanted ground toflie 
 than had heart enough to fight it out, were environed by their enemies both before and behind. 
 The whole army mt-iht ha\c been utterly defeated, ifthe winners had luftily followed the chafe.^ 
 Bin ttie ilraiohts and thcronghnefso! the waies hitidredthe horfcand the weight of armor cum- 
 bred the footmen. At firl! the King roc^e amain with bridle in horfe neck, without regard of any 
 thino^or looking behind him ;but aiter he was got five miles before & gueffingfasit was indeed) 
 that*by reafon of the difadvantige of the place the enemy cou d not pofllble make way afterjhc re- 
 Ded upon a certain mount and feni his people all abroad over hils and dales,to rally his fouldiers 
 together that were dipcrfcci. Thus with tl;e lofsnot allont oftwo thonfand men.the red of the 
 multitude met together,as if they hod repaired to a Re>:dez,To::z. upon feme fignal gi\ en & fo mar- 
 ched with a ^reat train nto Thrf //.The Romans prrfiied them asfar as they might with fafety, 
 killiro ihemrand rifling' the deadjyea andranfacked the Kings camp whi^h though it were naked 
 without defendants,yet for the difficult acrefs unto it.ihey had much trouble to win;& that night L 
 they lodged in their own camp.The next d;ythe Coninl m.dcpiirfuit after the enemy along the 
 (Iraioht vvhereas the river runneth amonng the \aLies.The K.came the fird day unto the hold or 
 camp of Pnrhtuii pla<^e fo called jin 7>/;)/5///4,beloDging to the territory o\AhlotisiV:om v^hence 
 ihetnorrow after he marched a mighty journey wiih his whok army ( for needs he mull go that 
 fear drivesW approached the mountain Lingos. Thefe mountains are in Epirw, fituate between 
 ji/accdo»y and Thefaly. The fide that lieth to Thefaly regardah the Eafl : that which butteth up- 
 on Mae^ed'j)!) hath the North direftly before it. Covered they are and overfpred with abundance 
 ofwoods;yet fo as the very tops do afloard open plains and running waters. The King keeping 
 hiscamp there for'certain dales, was much iroubled and perplexed in his mind, calling ond revol- 
 ving, whether it were expedient for him to return imtrediatly into his own kingdom, OrpofTibleM 
 to retire himfelf into r/jf/.!//. Infum, his refolution was to bring down his army into 7 /.e/^i/;. 
 And fo to Trcc^i he marched the next way he polTibly could. From thence he pafled in great hafle 
 through all tbeCities that were in his way. As many men as were able to follovY,he forced to quit 
 their habitations and dvveHinghoufes.Tbe towns he let on fire : yec he permitted every one to 
 carry away with him as mu.h as he could of bis own goods; all the reft fell to thefouldiers fhare. 
 No marnet of cruelty there was, that the very enemy^coiild exercife, but he pradtifed among his 
 own allies. And /^/3/7//)him'elf in the execution thereof, grievednot a little, and was vexed at the 
 heart;but alas he conlddo no oiherryet his de^re was.iti that countrywhich within a while fhould 
 btpofleffed by the enemy tof \ethe bodies at leail wife of his aflbciats. In this manner were ran- 
 flckedSc fpoiled thefe tnvinsMosv'm^yPh^^ciHv.Jmfie EulydriumtEretria^ic Palfiph^tw. AgiinA f4 
 hiscomin"tO /'/ifr<e the gates were fhut upon him, Andbecaufe it would ask fome time to win 
 that town'byaffault.and no leifure he had thereco,he gave over that enterprife.& pafled into >}/<«- 
 ce}onr: for the bruit went that the ^Etolians alfo approached. Who having heard of the iffue of 
 ihibaitell loughtby the river AoU'.M} wafled andranfacked allthe country near vmo S per chin 
 and Af't-ra- Come ( as they call it ^ and having from thenc&pafled over into T^tf/<?/y, wonC/- 
 ^'inei and .-Jk^cm with the firll alTult. Howbeit, a repulfe they took at Afeiropotft Ayhiks they 
 harried the fields about it by reafon that thetownfmen ran togethertothe defence of iheir wals^ 
 Aftetthis they gave the attempt upon Crt//;r/v)-<i, where they found the like refinance and vio- 
 len'-e of the enemies : but there they perfiiled longer, and gave not over, nay, they drave tbeenc- 
 inies that iffued forth within their walls.ard contentingthemfelves with that victory they depar- o 
 1^. thence feeing no great hope ro force the town. Then they won and pilled two villages, tW- 
 m.i3,nd<^a!Mh.i»:r.hs\c: ^Icha^m it was furrendred by compofition. And upon the like feat 
 XrfUi'iio was abandoned of her own inhabitants. Thefe Citizens thus driven out of their own 
 hppies, flumbled at a venture upon a gartifon which was a leading into Athamania,iot thebet- 
 ta oiiard of the forragers that were to purvey corn. This multitude, I fay, marching dilorderly 
 miboutargtour, pell mell together, with a fort that were unmeet for war, was hewninpeeccs.
 
 ^^~~-^ I r I - - I ■ I n ~ ^^"^*^*^— — M 
 
 J be m>o and thirtieth Boo\ of T. i^ivius. £ 5 j 
 
 '4 W ^^^ armed {ouldiers,and Xyni* was fackedjthus left and forfaken as it was.A'tef this. the £xo- 
 
 Jians woDCjpharUii tort and town of Hrcngth, weii feJted forio empcath and command " DJa- 'f fMrrfjl 
 pM.Thefe exploits performed the iEtclians haHily,allinfew daies. 
 '•^ Neicherrefled Amm^nder nor the Athamans quiet and IHII, after ibey hcJrd the news of the 
 
 pro!perous battell which the Romans had loughc. But Aiw/«<;Wf>-repolingfmilitruH in his o»vo 
 foulciiers,cfavcd oftheConlul a Imall fupply of otherforces : and as he mar.hed toward rjowjp.'/, 
 he furprizcd forthwith andtorceda town named /"/ecijituat bet ween Gon.p-'i andtbeHrai^his 
 that div idc Thejf^ h irom ht'oAn.a'na, From tben.e he advan- ed before Gomphi , and aHjiled the 
 town, which was defended right valiantly for certain daies: but after that he had erctfed Icjiing 
 ladders againfl it, he forced the lownfmen within, tor \eryfear to yield and lendir ail irto his 
 B hjnds.Thefurrenderofthis City terrified the Thcflalians- exceeding. y: infn.hfort, thar the Citi- 
 zens oihrfeKta Pherm imyThinid'nm .Lifi>iM.Stimoii^ and Limpfum^oae. alter another fubmitied 
 ihemfelves, with otherpeeces thereby ot imall importance. 
 
 Whiles the Atham nians and /tioiians ( fccurcd t'rom all danger of the Macedonians )made' 
 fpoil and railed again to thtmfehesby the vii\ory of others : whiles Thi/alywis pilled and lac- 
 ked by three armies at once, and knew not their friends from their foes, nor whomtoirulf : the 
 Conliilpailcd o\erinto the country of 'c/xrK/.by the way of the (kaights which he had opened • Mbami ? 
 and maUetlcjrbyrcaron that the enemies wereBed. And albeit he knew full well whi' h way all 
 the Efi.ots in t^cDf tall went, and with whom they had fided. exteptingcnly Ti\n tCl^^rcpus, 
 • yetbecaofe helaw chem not only carcfull to make amends and fatistacUon, but a] o willing and 
 C forward to do whattbccr he commanded, he elicemtd and rtgatded them by their prdem late,' 
 more thanby their demeanor pilt, and fo by fliewing himfelf in. lined to mercy and cat e to par- 
 don a tault,hc won cheir hearts and gained them unto him for the time to come. After this he 
 difpatchedmefiengcrstoC orc;>vi, to wiil that the ku.ks and iliipsof burden ilionld put into the 
 gulphof' Aw/r^c/Vi- whiles hinilelf travelled byeahe journies; and thefourth day alter pitched '^'^f'^'l' 
 bis tents upon the hill * Cercdms : ivd thitherhefcntfor A ','<•■ ^f^^^r to repair with his aids, not . ^ '* j, r-»r' 
 for any need he hadot hisforccs, foasmu^has of hisgnidan.e to dired him in his journeys for it iijM„ of 
 Thtff.h. Moll oftheEpirotsalfo, torthefame intcnr were deceived, who voluntarily offered ihemounujo 
 their help and afliiance. Thefiril Ci y that he sllau.ted in TheJfJ.,wis Ph.ileria. wherein there ^"f^^'h 
 ' layagarril'onotiwo thoiifand Ma. edcnians. Who at firft held out and refifted moO manfully, 
 J^ and asmuchaseithct armor or the wails were ableto do,delended themfelves. But the affault 8: 
 battery tontmuingnn.eHantlv both night and day, overcame at length the conllant and refolutc 
 \ aiour of the Macedonians. For the Conml made this re koning That upon this point depended 
 the hearts and difpoiitionsof alithe other IhcflaJans, itthctirlf fiiould notbeabie toabidethc 
 \i<)lence and tone of ttie Romans. Phaleria was nofooner won but there came fcmbafladors 
 ftom' Metropo/is an.i Pura to render up their Cities into bi^ h.nd , who. raved pardon, and c^b- ^j^c'ry' 
 talnedit. /'/.i/ft-M v\as burnt and lacked. From then e he let forward to txEirfw^*; but'eeingthe rib flii>,or «.; 
 place defcnhble with any imall garnfon and in manner imirregrabe he bellowed lome imatllliot ^i^t'Mtudenfg 
 of darts upon the next co; ps de j^rtard and lurned hi^ army toward thecouniry againli G? pl-i^ orwhich n>mc 
 and from thence he man. hed down into the Plain; of T'j.,jj jy^ And be; an c his. rrriv was di ;iir- * ^ J''""'"^*! 
 E nilhedofall netellari'es ( tor ihat he h.;d forhornto make ipoil in tieterritories o the Ept' ts ) o nlem. ' 
 after hehad lent out efpjjliafore, to dif'.oicr whcihcrthe hu.ks ahovciaid \vcrea ri td at ' Lefi- * S.MMura^ 
 coiot \nil>raia,hekriiov,t hiscompmics oneal^er arwthcrto Aw^r..rM,fo: topurvey lornand 
 %ii\uals. The way between CTf.-*.^/;/ »rd Arrtmcta , as it is cumberousand hard h r p^flage, fo a- 
 gain, it is but lliort and very compcrdiot)'. So that within few dues he had tranfporicd (.ertain 
 convoiesof victuals !rom the port o! Aw^)-.er/<», whereby the camp wa? Oored with plenty cf all 
 pro.ilKjn. From then e lepalkd to A'/u^c/, a town almolhen miles dirtant *rom L.<rrj(f(j. The 
 Citizen'; thereof are dcu ended rom Perri trhniyind the City it lelfeatcd upon the river* Fenetts. * StUmfru^mi 
 The Theffalian; were ncihmgafFraid at the tirllcomirg of the Romans. As for Philp, likeashc^'"* 
 durll not him e.finperfon march forward into T/j./py, fo having taken a place within * Temper *lb»f\nhm 
 F which he bed with a Handing camp heefpiedinto what quarters the enemies intended to go, tncadows and; 
 and ever a; hecouldhnd opportunity and advantage, lent underhand fuccour and rcliefthither fi''^'*'""* 
 accordingly. ii!""^'' ' 
 
 Miuhaboi« the fame time rhar theConiiil firl^ cn.amped ig^infl Philip \n thenraightsof£»/- 
 riis L.iluintiMi aifo, the Conful his brother. who by commlTinn rom the Senat had thechargeof 
 ihefleer and the government of allfea-coalls, failed beyond Co-ryr^ with two Galleaces of five 
 hanks of oars: and hearing that thenavy was departed from thence feeing alio there v»'as no flay- 
 ing there, he made fail attcrapaccand having overtaken them at the lOe Z.^ww4 he dimifled A' 
 ptrfi'tij.ir) whofe pla.e he fuc eeded: from thence he went fair & foftly haling after him the moft 
 part of rhelliips whiihff'llowed with the provihonof vi(flua!s, until! became to M U.i, From 
 C \vhcnvc, whenhe h.!d given order, that the relf flionldmake asgood'peedas polTihlytheycould 
 alter him, he went with three Quinqueremes lightly appointed, and irrived before at Pyrdt-ufHy 
 where hi received the other lliips that L.A/iwy?*/« the Lieutenant had left there for the guard and 
 det'enceofAf/ji^.f, 
 
 At the fame time there were two Armadoes fee out of A//<*, the one conduced by King At* 
 f.i/;«, conliHingof foof and twenty fail of Qninqueremes : the other were of Rhodians, and 
 iiood of twenty co>iri fliips with decks and hatches; commanded by K^efmbrotmsiht AdmiralL 
 
 Thcfe
 
 ^^^^^^ ' ~ 7pWo and Ibir iietb Boofi of T. Li vius. 
 
 ^ ■*-* •jhefefleecs joyniog together about the Ifland Andros-> croffed the narrow feaS f<om thence to h 
 E/t^w.AndfirtttteyforEagedtbe territoryof the Caryftians: afterwards feeing C<j/-//?«x ftrong 
 enough' againft them by realbnof a.gariifon fent to them in all hafte from CW«>,they approach- 
 ed to Eretrift. L. QuiyitiHs having intelligence thac King Jttalus wa? come, repaired thither alifo 
 with thofe veffels which had been at Pyraettm^ Si gave commandmentjthat-asmany fhips asarri- 
 ted thither belonging to his f^eet, fhould bend their courfe for Eubcea. Now was Eretria by all 
 forcible means aflaulted, for not only the veffels of three joynt navies had brought thither all 
 forts of en^ins and artillery deviled for to ftiake and batter the walls of Cities5but alfo the fields 
 and country hard by, yielded them plenty of timber, and other matter to liiake new. The towns- 
 men from the very firlt day Qie wed no valour and courage in defending their walls : and after- 
 wards when they were wearied >and fome of them hurt,and faw withall a part of their wall over- 1 
 thrown by the ordnance and engins of the enemy, endined to yield: but they had amongft them 
 a oarrifon of Macedonians,whom they feared no lefs than the Romans. Moreover, Vhilodes z 
 Captain under the Kingfent meffengersunto them from CWc;^,a during them,thatif they could 
 holdout aill and endure the hege, he would in good time be with them,and bring relief. Thus 
 hope and fear together conftrained ihem to drive offlongerth?n either they were willing orwell 
 able to do.But w hen they heard once that Vhilodes h ad a repulie by the way , and in great hatte and 
 fear was retired and fled to Chdcis again, then immediaily they lent their Embafladors unto ht- 
 «^/«;,to crave pardon and proteftion. Whiles they were wholly bent to feekpeace( whereof they 
 had fome hope) and foreflacked the affairs of war-fervice, oppofing their cor/^i <if£«<4r^ on that ., 
 fide only of the wall where the breaches were,and negleifing all befidesjbehold, ^ahtius'm theK 
 ni''ht-fearon<'avca camiffado in that quarter which was lealt fufpe6led,and with fcalingladders 
 won the town. The whole multitude of the inhabitants fled with their wives and children into 
 the Calflcwhi^h alio afterwards was rendred up. As for money, gold, and filver, there was no 
 creat (lore to fpeak of .-but Images, and painted tables of antique work, artificially wrought.and 
 luchlikeornamenrs, there were more found, than for the proportion of the bignefs, or other 
 wealth befides, of fuch aCity as that was, From thence they fetfail pnce again tor C^-/-;/?«f,where 
 the whole multitude.betore the enemies were put onland, having abandoned the City, were fled 
 into their fortrefs: tromwhence they fent their Orators unto the RomanGenerall, humbly era- 
 vino their mercifullproteftion.Thetownfmenprelently had theirlives and libertie granted them. 
 "39 ^T^- Bnt^the Macedonians were put to their ranfomand they compounded to pay * three hundred hi- E, 
 ei.gl ni^rtcko- Ycr feikrces apecce, and togiveuptheir armour and weapons, andfo to depart: With thisfum 
 Rcrce%hich ofmoney having redeemed themfelves they were fet out difarmed into 5a?flt//r,Thefe forces at fea 
 istwoailcs havinf'in few dales gained two noble and renowned Cities in E,-«^a?<?,coafted about 5»w«w, a 
 anc!*h»lf)ac pjotnontory or cape within the territory of Atttca^ and arrived before CfWjrf^; a town of mer- 
 id.Uith.ig. (-handiie and iraffick belonging to the Corinthians. 
 
 The Conful all this while hadalonger and more dangerous piece of fervice in thefiege(cf 
 '", Rhacres)ihzD all men looked for. And the enemies within maderefiflance, where he would have 
 
 ,«i«fcT leaffof all fufpefted, For he fuppofed verily that all the trouble and difficulty would bein batte- 
 
 jaivn : rinc down the wall, & making fome breach. For thus he thought.that it he had once opened way 
 
 '■' for his armed Could iers to enter into the town, the enemies afterwards woiild either flee or bcf^ 
 
 flain as it f alieth out commonly in Cities when they are forced.Hovvbeit,when part of the wall by 
 jir the battery of the Ram lay flat along,and the enemies were get over at the breaches & ruins there- 
 
 of ; then be^an their labour and pains anew,as if t hey had had no trouble nor toil afore. For the 
 Macedonians in garrifon, who were many in number, ard thofe approved andfeledt fouldiers, 
 thinkins how honourable a fervice it would be to defend the City by valour and dintof fword, 
 ratfer than by the ftrength of walls had ranged themfelves in a battellwithin.firongly marfhalled 
 into many ranks and files clofe together: and when they perceived the Romans were mounting o- 
 ver chebreaches to enter the City, they repelled and beat them back in that place of great difadvan- 
 taoe where they hadmuchadoto recover and retire themfelves. TheCof.hereat was much dif- 
 „u:. plea'fed, and vexed in himfclf : and making this account, that fuch a foul foil and difgrace was not ^^ 
 
 only arbccahon of a longer tra6l of time, before he could force that one City ; but alfo materiali 
 and important for the main progrefs and proceeding of the whole vyar, which commonly de- 
 '" " pendcih upon the occurrences ofUght matters and of fmall moment in the beginning: after he 
 *'■ had rid and cleanfed the place which was choaked up with the ruins o[ the half-broken wallly- 
 ing there upon heaps. he reared a tower or frame of timber of a huge height to overtop the walls, 
 co^fiftinp of many flories and floors one over another, which contained arid carried a migh- 
 ty number of armed men, anddravethe fame upon wheels and rollers clofe to the wall. More- 
 over he fent out certain enfigns one after another by turns, to break through by force ( if ic 
 were polTibie)thatHrong and clofe battaiilon of the Macedonians (which they themfelves call 
 Vh'tl.inx.) But the place beingfo flreight ( forthatthe breach of the wall was nothing broad ^O 
 the enemies had thevantageboth in regard of the weapons which they ufed, andof theform 
 oibatreli wherein thcv were ranged. For when the Macedonians Handing clofe one to ano- 
 ther with a continued roof or fence of targets over their heads, oppofed their pikes before 
 them whii-h wercotan exceeding length: the Romans neither with their darts could hurt thera 
 afv/jif,; ftnrwith their f.vords drawn come nearthem tofightclofeathand, or cut their pikes 
 irfcitwo} anil ifit chanced that they whipt offor fnapt any afunder, yet the fteel and truncheon 
 " -: ^-...U*; thereof
 
 The tn?{) and thirtieth Boo\ of T. i-ivius. 5^- 
 
 A xbereof being fliarp fiill at the point (headlefs though it were^ among the other pikes that were 
 head(.cl,!er\ cd to make a fence as it were an hay or pallail'ade.Over and behdes that part of the wjI 
 that Hood whole and I'ound Hill.was a furc detente unto both flanks of the enemies :reirherhad 
 iheRomans any room at length to return.and trom thence to fetch their beir, and fooive a vio- 
 lent charge which isthethinj^ that ufaally breaketh and difordereth ranks. Moreover,therechan- 
 ced one thingby meer tortune that encouraged them within : Tor as the tower aforefaid was in 
 driving o>er a tcrrals orbank whereof the Boor was not fali and foundlyhardncd with theram- 
 mer,one^'* ihe wheels hapned to link in and make a deep rout in the ground, whereby the whole 
 fr^me nodded fo forward that the enemies without thought \erily it wasrcidy tofall,and thear- 
 tncd r^uldiersliandingupon it wiihin,quaked for fear, and were put well-near belides their wity 
 B Tnus when nothing that wis provided might a v<(il and come to any great ef^eft, the Conful was 
 yexed^t theheart,tofee him eltfoo.er-matchcd infouldiers^ in armour, and in manner of fer- 
 vice ;and withal! heconlidcred,rhjt be had no help to force the City and to win it in any ("hort 
 time, nor I. onld make mean- topals the winter in thofe part:^ io far from fea, and iCtt naked al- 
 ready ar'd wj((e by tho^e calamities that lollow wars. Whereupon he railed thefiege: andbe- 
 cau e there wasro ha\enin j1. the tradandcoaHot Acai'>ja-:i;i and c/£tolia.wli\ch was able Doth 
 tore cive and harbour all his huiks that brought \itlualsfor hi<; army, and alfo to yield winter 
 lodging for his legions ; he thought upon the lOe AMicyra within the country ot Phocis', whi>.h 
 Jyirgtow'rd the gulph o^ Corinth, ieemed to him mofl fit and commodious for his purpofe; be- 
 caule they fliould not remove t'a;trom Tk-JfJvy:\T\d the territories belonging to the enemies ha- 
 C vingbelides P lipnnefusifixowx. even over againlf them, divided but by afmallarmofthe fea rat 
 their back ty£t'.tui and ^carta n.: : and of each lide Lff^ri^) and Bxotia. At the firR afl'aiilt, the 
 Conful without any tch\Un^viOY\ Pa-ifopeainPhocis. y^af/rrr^likewife Ions endured not the 
 fie^e.Then Awbrtfut ?.Tid Htar.-ipoliswcie^ received bycompofition. X).!«/Mby reafon t'lat it was 
 iituate upon an higii hiK could neither be fcaled nor forced by inlfruments and en^ins of battery. 
 Bin the Romans by lancing their darts and fhooting arrows againit them that were in ou^rtj' 
 trsitv-'d tfem forth to skirmifli : and after fome light fcuffling-ttonoeffeit, whiles one xvhile 
 tliey fcemvd toflie, and other whiles to purfue, they brought them to be fo carelefs fo nc i-ci t 
 anjfo iiti erefpeifi'.e, that whentheenemiesfled hack within the gate, they entred peil-meif 
 wi'h ihem.andlb wereMaliers of the town. Other fmallfortslikewifeof /'/i^r** yielded rarher 
 *^ for tcarthjn any fnrceoffcred unto them. £/<<fw kept their gates fliut and made a countenance 
 that unlcfs thcv were driven thereunto, they would receive withintheir walls neither Roman 
 .captain nor army. 
 
 t Whiles the Conful lay at the flege before E/dtia, there was prefented unto him the hope ofa 
 gfcucrmattc;. namely ofwithdrawing the nation of the Acha from the Kings alliance to th-ea- 
 mityofrhe Rom.'ns. For they had expelled and baniflied f^c/. 4./^ the chief of that faction th t fi- 
 ded wiih Ph-l p: and Anfihentu who Iriendcd the Romans and fought to be confedered with 
 them wa<: Praetor for the time. 
 
 Now the Roman :^r,-nado, together with y^rM/«j and the Rhodians,rodeat anchor in the ha- 
 ven oKVwr^r^-a;, and they all were agreed in common to 3l1ailCo-/«//:'. ButtheConfui thought 
 E 5>ood before that they Oiou'd put that defignment in .idion tofend Hmbifladors totheState of 
 Achai.-i. |:rominng, \\ they would rcvold from the King and turn co them to deliver Cormh into 
 their hinds for to be iocorporite into the ancient league anu i.oun.ill of their nation. Andfoby 
 the adii.e of the Conful, there were HrobafVadors addrefled to the A^hseans from his brother L. 
 O^ii^ttuu from Attains, the Rhoduns and the Athenians. And at * Sicp>ie was there a Council! • safitica^ 
 and Oiet he'd for ro give then audience. Now the Achians were not ail ot one mind and alike 
 afrew"^ed. Tiie Athenians (a d.ipgcrons an ordinary, and continuall enemy of theirs )pucthcmin 
 fear of one f.d;: the Romans they had in dread and horrour of another. To the Macedonians 
 ihey were obi'ged and bound by many gof-d turns and favours, as well old is new. The K.himfelf 
 they held in je.ilou "e for his cruelty and treachery : and calling a proof and conjedure by thofe 
 T cou fes which he then took andbyhispraiffices for the time theyforefaw we'l that after the war 
 endedhc wo^i'.d be irrol'erable and a very tyrant over them. They were belides not onlyiono- 
 rant, white'.evy man had faid inthe feverall counsels of every particular State, and in the^ene- 
 ralDiets of the whole nation, when they were required to de.iver their opinions; but alfo uncer- 
 tain and un'cfohite among themfclves in their own m^nds what to will orwifli. Unto men thus 
 i^oubihiliy d:'r'-'''cd and unfetled. theEmbafl'adorsabovefaid wcre~admitted, and li^enfe was^i- 
 len them tocle i ei their meflage.Fidf the Roman Emb.ifrjdorL.r»:/^/i«rH'ff/; after him, thofe 
 that wcr.- for King A,t.i:is: and in the third place. theRhodians fpake and madedifcourfe: and 
 confequenrly, the hmbaO'adorsof /'/r//! were permitted to pari. The Athenians hadaudience 
 given t'-.i-rr l-iHof a'l, and were refcrved of pu-pofe to confute whatfoeverfhould be fpoken 
 C and aliedced b, the Macedonians. And thefe Athenians inveighed mo(} fharply and bitterly a- 
 ^ainft «!ic King for rone had received either more wronpsior l"ffcred the like indignities at his 
 handi asthvy''jd.Sothisafl'embly verily for that time'byreafcn r'lr thcday was fpent in hearing 
 the comirucd orations of fo many Embafladors ) brake upr.botitfun fetting. The morrow af- 
 ter they ;-fl;mbied again : where the MagiHrates by the vcie of the Beadle or publike crier 
 (after the (.nUomc of rhe Greeks ■) gavcliberty to every pe fon to deliver his mind, and no man 
 Tepped forth. Great filence there was, and not a word among them for a long time, looki* 
 i wiftly
 
 ^v« The mo andtbirtietb Booli of X Livms, 
 
 ^j "' . . , , . — ■ — ^ — — — ■ 
 
 ^ifVlv^otie oponanother who fliould begin firft. And no marvell if they whofe fpirits were afto- H 
 filed in lome lort wiihinthem, when they of their own accord catt and toffed in their minds 
 ihifl^s io different and contrary , were now more troubled and perplexed by ihofe orations befidcs 
 ihailiad lalkdall the long day,broaching,uttering, & adviiirg many matters fo hari"h,fo difificuk, 
 and I T-pleafani unto ihem'. At length, becaufe the Councill fliould not be diflbived without fome 
 ThcOration iptcdi and pjrl, yinjUemis the Practot of the Achxans began to fpeak,and faid: " Whatis be- 
 oiMiiimui. u (;onic ^ my Mafters of Ack&a) of thofe hearts of yours aiid couragious flomatks, whereby at all 
 '* vour teal's and in your private meetings(when talk is miniftred oiPhi/ip and the Romans)you 
 «'i.anh.irci.y hoid your hands.bui are ready to fly one in anothers face? And now, when as this 
 «• honourable Cou.otPatiiameni ispublifhed & holden for the fame purpofe only; when ye have 
 " heard the reafon5& allegations of the Embaffadors of all parts; when the Magiflrats propound I 
 «' the matter to be debated in council; when the publike crier calleth you to give your opinions,ye 
 <■'- are mum and mute ? Ifthe regard of the common good and welfare of us all, will not caufe you 
 « to open your lips; cannot the private refpeftsand affections neither(which have enclined and 
 <« carried your minds to the one fide or the other j fetch out a word from any of your mouths ? 
 « Conliderinc especially, that no man is fo grofs and blockifh, who canbe ignorant that now is 
 " the very time or never for each one to fay and deliver his mind as he willhimfelf,and as he thin- 
 " keth beftjbcfore we refolve and determine of any courfe : and when a decree or a(ft is once pal- 
 *' fed tliat all men are bound ( even they themfelves that before mifliked it) to delend and main- 
 "• tain the fame,as a good and profitable accord This admonition of the Prxtor was fo far fliort 
 of drawin" any one of them to utterhis opinion, thatitcaufed not fo much as theleaftnoifeor ^ 
 hummin'^ ni fo fteq-'cnc an auditory and congregation of fo many States together. Then Anfihe- 
 fiHs the Piaetor beg.m again and followed his fpee:h in this manner. " It feemeth ( my Maflers 
 * and fi lend;; ot J^ha.thcxc affemblcd ) that ye are not fo much to feek tor counfell and advice, 
 *' but ye are as (horc of your tongues and loath to fpeak.And every one here is unwilling to pro- 
 '• vidcfor theircfiicrallgoodior fearleaft he fhould incur fomepirticularperill.My feltlikewife 
 *• pcrpd^enture woolcjbehlentandholdmypeaceif I wereaprivateperfon: BiJtnow beingPrx- 
 *' tor 1 fee I hus mu> h, That either there fhould have no audience at all been given unto the Em- 
 " bafladon or elt'e, ilidc they ought not to be fenc away from hence without an anfwer : and an- 
 '*fwei them how can I without your ordinance ? now feeing that there is none of you all, who 
 *' have been fnmmoned hither to this Councill, that either will or dare fay a word to thecaul'e : L 
 ''let ns examine throughly and confider well in lieu of your opinions, thofe fpeet hes which ye- 
 "Herdaywcie pronounced by theEmbafladors: let us(Ifay)revi{ethemfo,as ifthey had notde- 
 *^manded thole thin^'^ which concerned their own good and commodity,but as though they pro- 
 « poled inch points t°hey efteemcd profitable and expedient for us all. The Romans, the Rhodi- 
 *'ans,and Kin^ ^4/^:'^; require our alliance and amity : and in that war whi.h they rage againft 
 *' Philip they think it reafon to be aided from us, thi/ip again putteth ns in mind of our lociety 
 <' with him and of our oath.One while he requireth us to Ifand and band with him: otherwhiles, 
 "hefaithhe willbecontent that we fliou!dht(fill, and meddle neither one way nor other. Is 
 " there no man here knoweth the reafon, why they that ire not yet our allies demand and crave 
 *' more than he that is our ally already ? It is neither the modeffy of I'hilip., nor ihc impudency of M 
 <« the Romans that is the caufe hereof.The ports and haven- towns they be of Jchaa^vihkh mi- 
 <' nifter confidence and alforance to thofe demanders, and take away the fame from them again. 
 * From P/3/7/0 we fee nothing but only.anEmbaffador. The fea-forces of the Romans and their 
 " fleet, ride in the haibor of Cenchre^: they carry afore them in (hew the fpoiles ofthe Cities in 
 * „ '« * Eubopa. The Confulhimfelf with hisland-army of the legions we fee disjoyned from ns by a 
 
 ^ Utgnponu ^^ ^^^jl ^^^ ^^j^ oh\\e. fea ranging at their pleafure all over Phocis and Locrts, Marvell now lon- 
 " cer if you can,why Cleomeion the Embaffador of Phdip demanded erewhile fo coldly and diffi- 
 " Senrly, that we fhould take arms for the King againft the Romans : who, if we by vertue of the 
 " fame Icaouc and oath,wherewith he feemed to charge us inconfcience, required of him again, 
 " that Fhflip (bould defend us both from Ndii and the Lacedjemonians, and alfo from the Ro- j,^ 
 " mans j would be to feek not only of a garrifon and power of armed men to fliield us, but like- 
 «< wife of a very anfwer to fliape us. And verily he would be no more ready to fatisfie us, than 
 «* Philip was himfelf the lall year ; who notwithftanding he frankly promifcd to levy war againft 
 <<-Ndu & thereby affaied totrain and draw the flower ofour youth from hence into £«^a<»j a f- 
 " ter that he law once that we neither agreed to fend him that power,nor yet were willing to en- 
 « lanole our fel ves & be imereffed in the Roman war, forgot loon that fociety that now he ff an- 
 " deth and vanteth lb much of.and left us to the mercy and devotion oiNdii and the Laceds- 
 « monians,to befpoiled pilled,2£ wafted at their pleafures. And furely,fo much as I can conceive 
 « of Cleomedoyi his Oration me thinks it hangeth not well together;and one peece thereof forteth 
 "not well with another. He feemeth to fpeak of the Roman war contempt uoufiy, asifitwereaQ 
 *' matter of nothing; faying the event & imie thereof would belike the form_er,which they main- 
 ''tainedwith /'/j/A/^.How is it then,thathekeepeth himfelf awav, andlnhi-; abCencedemandeth 
 " cur help,rather than with hi', perfonall prefence prote£feth us both from N^dui o. the Romans? 
 "■ Us,l fay,his ancient allies ? Rue what fpeak I of us ? Why hath he (uPFcred them fo to force and 
 " win Eretri* and C'lryflnm ? Why endured he, that fo many Cities of 'Th:ffaiy flioHld be ]oft_? 
 i-'IMow could he abide Locris and Phoca to be over-run fo as they ar^j ? And Elatia now at this 
 
 day
 
 The mo and thirtieth Bo^ \ of 1\ Livius. 659 
 
 A " day fo Hreightly befieged, and hotly affaiiked ? Why quit be tiie freights of Epims, and aban- 
 "doned thofe impregnable holds upon the River -^owj, by fx^r" t,w>i tear, ofhis own accord, or 
 " howfoever ? and when he had forgone and difl'eifed himlelf o iin»: r .? which he heldjwby re- 
 " tired he into the inland parts of his realm for his fafcty? If W'.,'!}..'., •■ ■ fhis ownaccordhe 
 *' abandoned fo many of his allies, and left ihem to be Ipoiied yr/J , ■ i-> / the enemy, wha: 
 
 *' can he aliedgc or fay for himfelf, why thofe allies aforefaid mj; i, - :ur themfelves the 
 
 *' bed they can? If for fear, lee him pardon us likewifc^if we bea'.'c. c wercvanquiflied 
 
 " by force ofarms, and theretorc retired back, fliall we, ^oodCieowep. . .'"ain and endure the ' 
 *'Roman puill'ance and their mighty armies, againit which ye Maccc ■ -were not able to 
 "ftand ? Or, would you have us to believe you, that bear us in hand, he ,.r,an war not at 
 
 jj "this prefent, either with !;reater numbers ©r (Wronger forces thjoti, -jthiwrttoiore, 
 
 " rather than truit our own eyes, and that wMch daily we fee before c i- t :ofe daies 
 
 " theyfuccoured the /Etolians with their navy, and warredneitherunc ., .- nor with 
 
 ''thearmy ofa Conful, The maritime Cities of the confederals or -''/:?// : :tfji.:b!e 
 
 "andtumiik: but all the mediceranean parts within the continent, vvc; .. .t!d,or!!Hed 
 
 " from the Roman forces, that Phihp Ipoiied and forraged the iEtoli.irh aopioringand feeking 
 "tor help ot the Rom.ms, butailin vam. lint now at this day the Romans havini^ finifliedthe 
 " Carthaginian w.t, whiih for fix! ecn years fpaccthcy fiipported in the very heart and bowels of 
 " /f..'/)r.have not fent a gairifon to fuccour and maintain the ^Etohans in their wars^but are come 
 '• themfelves, as leaders and commanders General, and by Land and Sea at once have warred up- 
 
 C"^ on M.iccdofiy. And this is the third Conful of theirs, who at this prefent mainraineth mortal 
 '• war upon it, to tlie uttermolt of his power. Sulpitms hath encoiintred the King in the midft 
 " of .l/..tf^o«;,biddcn him battel,difcomfited and put him to flight;after he had laici wall and de- 
 •'■folat the wealthier quarter of all his Kingdom. ^«/'«/;«j lately hath driven him out of camp 
 " and field,notwithllanding he were pofl'elVed of the (freight avenue=: cfEpims: and bare himfelf 
 ''boldly and v.onfidcntly upon the natural fituation of the ground jof his (Irong defences, and force 
 " of acomplctearmy : and havingpurfuedhimashefled intoT/j^jf/'j/;', hathtaken thegarrifon 
 " Towns ot the King,and in manner within his own light,vvon by mere force his confederate Ci- 
 " ties, Suppol'e and lay, that all thofe things which the Athenians ercwhile have alledgedcon- 
 '•ccrning the cruelty, the avarice, and unbridled lull of the King, be not true, but fuppofed llan- 
 
 D *'ders ; admit that thofe enormities and wicked parts committed within the Attick land, againfl 
 " the Gods of Heaven above,of the infernal fpiiits beneath, touch not us at all,and are much lefs 
 '^ pertinent, than thofe outrages which the Elxuntii and the Ahydens,fo far remote from us,have 
 " endured. Forget we our felves, if ye will, the hurts ,the wounds, and loffes that we haverecei- 
 '* ved^the murders the piiling and rifling of the goods o( Afe[fe!7jin the midft of * PdoponHcfhs, *Morta, 
 " Likewife.how his frietid and hoH GMitey.es at Cyparifi.i,vfas killed againlf all Law of God and 
 ''man, even in a manner fitting at the board with meat in his mouth. Say we nothing alfo of 
 " AittUui the father and fon both Sicyonians,who were cruelly maffacred and yet he was wont to 
 '' call the iiliy and wrct.hed old man, Father. Alfo forbear we to fpcak otthefons wife,who was 
 "carried away into .lA.'rfW(7«v,to make her his harlot and conaibine,and to abufe herathis plea- 
 
 g" furc. Let other rapes of virgins, forcings of honorabledames be forgotten: let usimaginethat 
 " we ha\ e nothingto do,nor to meddle with P/j;/;/)jor fear of whole cruelty ye were all fo mute, 
 "and cou^d not open your mouth. For what other caufe of h'en.e had ye, being called hither to 
 " this counfc'. ? Let us put the cafc.that we were to debate the matter with Ar.tiq^omiui\i^t moll 
 " mi,d and jult Prince, at whofe gracious hands wc have received fo many favours and pleafures 
 " above all oihcr Kings: would hedcmand,think ye,that welhould do that whi-hpoHibly then 
 " could not be done ? Pcl-ponncjus is a demy Ifland.joined to the firm continent and main land ,by 
 " the nanow llrcight orbankof /(?/:»;«^, lying open and expofed to nothing more than to Sea- 
 '' forces. If one hundred covert and decked fliip-i with hatches .and fit'ty lighter veflels which are 
 ' 'open,togetheiIwith thirty Drigantins orfoills o{Ijf.i fliould come to pill and fpoil our feacoafts, 
 
 F "and begin to afliil our Towns and Cities that lie open upon the River. even on the very flrand 
 "and Seabanks ; fliould we retire our felves, think ye, into our Cities within the Land ? Why? 
 '' what e'fe? As though we were not already aiBic"ted and plagued withinrefline war,which(Uc- 
 " keth even within our ribs and bowels? VVhcn A'i/7.f and the Lacedemonians by land, the Ro- 
 dman navy by Sea fliall lie upon us, to do us all annoy, how fliould I call upon the Kings fociety, 
 "or for the help of the Macedonians? Or fliall weof our felves, by our own ftisrtgth and means 
 " lave our Cities whidi fliall be alTaulted againfl the puilVance and power of the Romans? For in 
 *< thet'ormervvar webravely defended (did we not ?) the City of Dj-wa:. We have examples e- 
 " nough ofthe feart'ul calamities and loffes of others ,that we need not to make our feU es examples 
 "unto others. Take heed (I befeech you) how you fet light and difdain,that the Romans have 
 
 G " of their own motive offered their fiiendfliip and alliance, whichindeedye were to wifli for, 
 '• arid letk all that ever ye could. Itisforvery fear fno doubt) that they are driven, beingina 
 '• flrange land to flie unto you for your aHiance,becaufe they would gladly fliroud themfelves un- 
 "der the fliadow of your wings, be harboured withinyourhavens, andfuflainedby your visual 
 
 » "■ andprovifion.No,no,Lordsthey arefirflof thefcas whocandenyit? there Is not aland they 
 " fet foot Into,but immediatly it is their own and in fubjedl ion unto them:whatfoever they feem 
 " torequefl;they can command if they Hfl^. Andbecaufcthey are willing to fpare and forbear yoy, 
 
 L 11 " therefore
 
 £^o The two and thirtieth Boo\ of T. Livius. 
 
 '* therefore it is that they fuffer you not to enter into any a6tio« that might be caufe of your ruin H 
 *' and overchrovv.For v/haensCieomedon erewhile feemedto fhew and lay betoreyou amean and 
 " indifferent courfe-.and thatforfocthjVvhich flionld be the fafeft way that you could takejname- 
 " ly,to enter into no arms at all^to fit ftil and fleep in awhole skin;that,I fayjis no middle wayjuo, 
 " nor (to fpeak truth^ any way at all.For befides this,that ye muS either accept or refufe the alli- 
 " ance with the Romansjwhat elfe wil become of usjbut to be a prey unto the conqueror,having 
 " \oR the "race and favour both of the one and the other?as men that like neuters^expedVmg the 
 " iffue of the war,frame our defignmencs and counfels to the blind direftion of fortune.'VVel,once 
 "a^ainlfay-.take heed you think not fcorn of that which with all your heart you fliould wifli & 
 " pray for,only for that it is tendered and prefented unto you. And never thiuk, that becaufe to 
 " day you have the choife of both in your ownhaTids,therefore ye (hallever have the fame liber- 1 
 ^' ty hereafter.Occafions & opportunities are not alwaies the fame^neither do they continue long. 
 "All this whiles have ye had a defire to fave and free your felves from P/j///;;, but evermore by 
 " widies Sc praiers in fecret heari:,rather than by caking arms in open hand. Now there are thofe 
 " whiLh with great armies & armadoes hai e pafied the feas, who without your pain and peril are 
 "ready to deliver you from his hands. Thefe men,if ye rejeft and refufe for your alli_es,ye are not 
 " well in your wits ;& have them you mult either your allies or your tnemies^there is no remedy. 
 After this Oration of the Pretor, there arofe a muttering andnoifeintheaffembly-.whilesfome 
 approved and gave affenc unco that which he faid, others rebuked in churlifli wife thofe ihatac- 
 corded. Infomuch,asthey jangled not one with another in particular, butthe very States there 
 aflembled were at variance, yea, and this debate between the Magittrates of the whole nation k 
 fwhom they call Demmr/i, and ten they are in number) was as hotly maintained, as among the 
 multitude. Five of them laid, they would propound unto the people, and debate vvith them in 
 counfelabout accepting the alliance of the people of i?»?wf, and put it to voices. Theotherfive 
 protefted, that this was diredly againft a law, in that cafe provided, forbidding exprefly that no 
 MaciHrats fliould either propouncl or determine ought in any Diet.prejudit lal to the fociety and 
 league with Phi/ip. Thus was this day alfofpent in debating and wrangling, and nothing done. 
 There remained one day yet of a lull Diet and Councel,for by law they were to conclude andde- 
 cree fomewhat within three dayes at the farthelf. Againft that time, the parties were fo hotly 
 bent one againft the other, that thefatherscould hardly forbearto offer violence to their very 
 children. There was one ^/3/y;<»/«^ of Pffc<e. who had afon named Memnay/t^nd he was a Demi- l 
 Krrus, who took part and fided with them that would not permit the matter to beputtoquefli- 
 onTand determined by a fcrntiny of voices. This Rhiftafus having inlkntly a long timeimporcuned 
 his fon.and befouglu him to fuffer the Acheans to provide for their weal publick,and not by his 
 peevifli ftowardnes undo iheMateof the wLoie nation: when he faw once that all his prayers 
 prevailed nothing, hefware a great oath that he would kill him with his own hands,and not take ' 
 himfor his ion,but for an errs m enemy. By which his menaces, he gained thus much in the end, 
 that content he was the ne.viuiy tojoynwiih t: em that put the matter to queliion: whcnovv 
 bein° more in number than the other-made a report and propofed the caufe to the affembly : and 
 when all theStates in manner there metcn.lined thereto, and approved thereof/o as they avow- 
 ed openly what they would ordain ; theDymxansjMegapolicans, and certain Argivcs, before j^ 
 the decree was enabled, rofeup'aiiat on. e, and departed out of the aflembly, and no man either 
 wondred atit.or blamed them for ir. As for the Mcgapolitans,no longer ago than in their grand- 
 fires dayes,at what time as they were expelled out ot their country by the Lacedemonians,K.y4«- 
 tiqowis had reft ored them again. The Dymean-^ being but lately taken prifoners,and ranfacked by 
 the Roman a:my, Philip having given order that they fhould be redeemed wherefoever they were 
 in flavery and bondage, he not only fet free,but alfo replanted in their own country. The Argives 
 laft.olall,behdes that thfiy are of a fettled opinion and belief that the Macedonian Kings are def- 
 cended from them,were for the mo(f part linl>^d unto Pkilip in the right and regard of privatho- 
 fpitartiy,and familiar friendfliip. In thefe refpecis, they went out of that aflembly which inclined 
 to the contra£l of alliance with the Romans, and were held excufed for this departure;being thus N 
 obliged unto Philif the adverfe part, by great favours and benefits, yea, and thofe newly received 
 at his hands. All the other States of theAchxans,when they were demanded their opinions,with- 
 outdelay confirmed by their immediat decree, the fociety with ^ff<i/«iand theRhodians: but 
 the league with the people oi Rome-, becaufe it could not be ratified and eftabliflied without the 
 Ai> of the people, was referred a«d put off until the time that Embaffadors might befent unto 
 Rome. But forihepreientit was thought good that threeEmbafladors fhould be addreffed unto 
 L.Q«/»f/«;,and that all the forces of the Achxans fhould march toward Corinthjoi that QHintittt 
 having won the portofr«7ffe>-i-<c,was already at the fiege and affault of that City. 
 
 Thefe Achxans encamped themfelves over againft that gate that openeth toward Sicjone : the 
 Romans lay againft that part of the City which lookcth toward Cewhrctsznd ^^/r^/w/h^vingledQ 
 his army through the narrow ftreight ol Ifthmus-, alTailed them o^Lech<tns fide,which is an haven 
 ofthe other Sea. At the firft they made po hot affault, hoping that there would be fome mutiny 
 between the Towns-men and the Kings garrifon. But perceiving they were al! of one mind and 
 refolution, and that both the Macedonians defended the City, as their own nativecountry: 
 and alfo the Corinthians were content to be at the full command and dire<Sion of kndrcflheus the 
 Captain ofthe garrifon, as well as ifhe had been their fellow-citizen^ and lawfully chofen by 
 
 their
 
 The two and thirtieth Boo\ of T.Livius. S$i 
 
 1^ their own election and fuffragcs : then tbeaflailants had no other hope but in tbc violent force 
 
 ofarmsandengins. And otall fides they hadrai.ed banks and mi)res, and were tome doletothf: 
 walls, although with hard accefs thereto. Now had the Ram Jtom that quarter where the Ro- 
 mans lay, beaten down a sood part ot the wall. To which breach, be>.aufe itlay naked without '' 
 defence, all the Macedonians ran to guard anddeierd icbyiirength of arms: where there wasa 
 cruelfigbtbecwecn them and the Romans, At the firfl the Romans were foonrepulfed by means ' 
 of the great numbers ofde endants : but after rhe luccours ot the Achai and hitalus came unto 
 them, they received them with equal valour : neither doubted they but to be able with eale tO 
 drive the Macedonians and the Greeks from their Handings, ard force them to retreat. But there 
 were within the Town a multitude of Italian fugitives revoked and fled from the Romans : pare 
 
 go! them, a relidue left of AumOMhis army ; who having tran'greffed the laws,for.f.arofpuniih- 
 ment were fled fromihe Romans, and took part with Philip : part alfo wercmarriners and feafa- 
 ling men.who for hope of more honorable intertainment andfervicc,had abandoned their fliips, 
 and were gotten into the City oi Corihil). Thele fellows pall all hope of life, if the Romans haply 
 fliould have the better handjared more like mad men thanhardy and audacious fouldiers. Now 
 there isover-againit Sicyoaez promontory oi l-jno which they call the Cape of Afrf4«,and it run- 
 neth into the Sea. from whence the |3aiTa';e over to Cor/«//7 is a cut almoli of feven miles. Thi- 
 tiier I'hilotlesy i Captain a Ifo under King 'Pl.ul.p, had conducted through Ba;otia i 500 fouldiers' ^ 
 
 and certain Brigantins oiConvih were there ready to cmbalric chat fupply of aid, and to tran port / 
 
 I iicm to /.(<:,'*• s. By this time Aff <»/.•« advifed to let on fire the engins and fabric ks thatthey had .<. 
 
 Q maJcand prefencly to gi . e ovcrihe (iege. Q^'m/V*/ perfilted yet moreobHinady in hisenterprife 
 begun. But he alfo feeing the Kings guards ranged and quartered at every gate, and that if they 
 fliouldhaptofally out, their violence would hardly be lu(trained,wasof the famemindwith ht- 
 talas. So without etfeCtirg any thing, the Achians weredifmiffedj and the rell returned to their 
 iLips, A(^•/«f to P;:tfHw, the Romans to ( orcyra. 
 
 Duringthis ferv ice by Sea forces - ihe(other) Conful who lay in camp before E/4f/4 in P^(?f*r, 
 r.rll aflaicd to gam the City by ' ontercnce and parly with the principal citizens thereof: but after 
 anfwer madeith t it by not in their hands, and thatthey who were for the King, outwent the 
 Towns-men 'loili in number and Hrength: then Jt on. efromall parts he gave an affault unto the 
 City bot;iby f rceof irm , and alfo by engine ot ariilkry. 7 he Ram wasbentagainft the walls, 
 
 £) and as mu.h t! crcof betcndown with a li^igh y cral"h indfeir'ul noiie as llood between the 
 Toweis: vvhercrpon the own vvasdi mante! edand aid n ked and withal a cohort of RomajJ 
 rculditTs cntred at tie f pen breach; 10 a ffotn jI pa tsthc defendants abandoned their guards, 
 and rantochat pliceth t thus wa-diirel-e I by theenem.e>. Andatoie inliant.he Romans ad- 
 vanced themel' es over the breach,and ittup fcaling adders againll the wall which wasftanding* 
 and whiles the enemies were amu ed wtiOily an i had their eye only upon thatone place y»hLr« 
 iheconfliit was, the wail in many pirts wis kald^nd armed ouldiers mounted into the 'i.ity. 
 At whi.h luddiin tumut and alarm, the armed men havipg quit the place whi htheygn>rdcd 
 v\ith athick troop Hed allirtd the caHlefortearJard the unarmed and raked multitude f.Uowed 
 a'lcr. Tnns tl^e Ci^n nl was malieroi thct if\ : w ,111 beinz ranfacked,he lent unto the t. 4m ie 
 
 £ certain me(len;?er<,promifing life to a? m my of the Kmgs girrifon as would depart aw^'y wichouc 
 arms, and otVaing liberty to the Elatun';: and aiterfeurity given hereof, within few dave^ the j 
 
 Cai lie alio wj; rendrcd mto his hands. Moreover by the arria' of P/;Y7.7^i (a commander for 
 tlicKing) \n \rl tt :■, nni C on nthonl'j w is delivered from fiege bnlc theCityalfoofthe Argives, 
 was by ^ ertiin of th • prin ipal ruler betrayed nnto P/-/ c/ft,who before had founded andfoilici- 
 ted the mind-: and aft"e>itions of the commotl people. There was acullomeinthis City that upon 
 the hr,l d ly of their general affembiies, the Pretor Oiould in token of good lu.k pronouncethe 
 names of /«/) f •'. A/>9//o,and Hercules: andafterwards ordainedic wasbefidesby a law, that the 
 name of Vhthp ihonld make up the fourth. Now after the alliance accorded between them and the 
 Roman-; it hapned that the beadle or publickcryerleftout rhe name of /'/.•>7;/? : whereat the mul- 
 F titudc firtf began to mutter and grumble: thenarofealoiid cry ofthofc that put him in mind to 
 name the King, willing him to give him his honor dueby law: until at lafl his name was alfo pro- 
 nonn.ed with great appluii'e and confent. Upon theconfidence and affuran.e of this favour P/);7o- 
 cl:s was Cent for who 'iy night feifed upon an hill chatcommandcth the City,which commonly J? 
 
 is called thcforr o L,tr jf <'and having put a garrifon thcrcthenext morning betimes he advan- 
 ced forward wirh bannerdifpUid, and came down coward the common place lying undet the 
 ronrelsaforefaid: where there encnuntred him aband of armed men well appointed in order of 
 battiil.Thcfe were the girrifon of the Achrilately there placed to the number of 50oele<5tmen 
 chofen forth of all the States of A'-'i<«4: and one j£/«^//iirr/,/// a Dymean was their commander. 
 Unto him Vhilocl.'s (one of the K-ngs Captains aforelaid) addrelVedafpccialmeffer^ertoper- 
 
 GW.'ide and cohort h'lm to quit the City : giving himtoundcriKmd , That he and his Company 
 were not able to match the Town-men a'.one whocariedthe fime mind that the Macedonians 
 had done: much lefs then fliould they Ihndout when the Macedonians were joined unto them; 
 theMaccdcnians (I fay) whom the very Romans tbemfeUes could not fuHain at Cof/W'. At 
 fir(l he did no good dther with leader or fouldier: yea, and when wirhin a while they beheld 
 the Argivcsalfo marching armed againRihem with a great troop from anotherpart, ardfaw 
 prefcnc death before their eyes, vet it fccmed they wo Jld have put it to the hazard of a cooflift.
 
 5^2 J^^ tm) andihinieth Boo\ o/T.Livius. 
 
 andfdughttotheUftman, in cafe their Captain would have fluck to it, and not relented. But ji, 
 jEfieJidemasiot teat left together with the City> the flour of all the youth of ArW fliould perifh, 
 capitulated with ?hilocles., that they might be permitted to depart and go their way : but himfelf 
 kept his ground (iiil in his armour, with fome few of his followers and vaffals, and remov ed not 
 a foot. Then Phttodes fent out unto him,todemand,Whathemeant thereby ? Unto whom he 
 gave no other words, but holditg forth hisfhield before him made anfwer, That armed as he 
 was he would live and die in the guard and defence of that City which was committed to his 
 chafe. Then by the commandment of the CaptainSjthe Thracians lanced their darts and fhot at 
 him, and fo both he and the company about him werefl^nevery one. Thus afterthe accord of 
 alliance between the Achxans and Romans, two mort noble and famous CitiesfAr^/' and Co* 
 rinthj came under the fubjesftion of the King. Thefe were the ads atchieved by the Romans as j 
 well by Land asSea this fummer, 
 
 < ;In Fra?]ce there was no exploit performed worth remembrance by Sext. Ml. us theConfulnot- 
 withftanding he had under his government two entire armies : the one that he retained (till with 
 him,' which by order he fhould have difcharged, and was the fame that had before been com- 
 manded by L.CorMtlius the Pro-conful and now by him was committed to the charge of C.jE//«j: 
 the other, that he brought himfelf with him into the Province. So that he imployed the whole 
 yearalmoR in compelling the men of Crf/wo»^ and Vlace>7t!a to return into their Colonies, from 
 whence by fundry cafualties of war they were chafed and difperfed. As Fr.Tuce that year was In 
 quiet beyond all hope and expectation, fo about the City otiJow^e there had like to have been a 
 commotion and tumult of bondflaves. The Carthaginian hoftages were in guard and kept at "• 
 SetM-, where they had attending about them (as meet was for the children of the chief Nobles 
 and Vx'incss oi Carthage) a mighty train and retinue offervants. The number of them was the 
 greater by occafionof thelateAffrican war ; during which time andprefently after,theSetinsalfo 
 themlelves had bought up many of that nation which were taken captives, and came in port-f le 
 with the reft of the prizes. Thefe having confpired together,fent out certain oftheir own com- 
 pany to follicite alfo the other flaves that were in the territory of Setia, and fo forth, as many as 
 ihey could find about iVor^^ and C/rcf//. Their plot was, that when all things were provided a- 
 forehand, they fliould upon the very day of the folemn games and plaies (which fhortly were to 
 be exhibited and fet forth in Setta) take theopportunicy of the time, when as the people were 
 bufy in beholding the fpeflade and fliew reprefented unto their eye,and to run upon them : and ** 
 when they had by maflacre inthisfuddainhurlyburly pofleffed themfelvesof S^^rf, thentogo 
 forward and furprife TVor/^/^ andCirceti, This horrible complotandconfpiracy wasdete6led,and 
 information given at Rome to L.Csr»eiiiis Merv.U Pretorat that time of theCity. For twobond- 
 flaves early inamorningbeforeday, prefentedthemfelves unto him, and opened from point to 
 poinrin order, namely, what had been contrived and done, and what remained yet to do. The 
 Pretor having taken order for their fafecuflody at home within his own houfe, called the Senate 
 together; where, alter he had recounted and declaieduntothem what thefe informers had re- 
 vealed, he was commanded to go abroad to fearch out and reprefs thisconfpiracy. Forth he 
 marched with five Lieutenants of the camp, and look how many he could meet with in his way 
 all over the fields, villages, and hamlets, hetendredunto thema military oath, and conftrained M 
 them to arm and follow him, Thusinthis hafty manner oflevy, he armed wellneer 2000, and 
 with them all togeiher (who knew not whither he meant to go, nor to whatpeeceof fervicehe 
 led them) to Setia he came. At his firfl entrance, he fuddainly in great haft apprehended theprin- 
 cipal heads of the confpiracy ; whereupon the flaves fled out of the Town. Then were fencout 
 h ac certaih into the fields, to trace and to find them out by their tracks. In this bufmefs there were 
 count of the "two bondllaves and one free man that performed fingular good fervice. Unto him the LL.of the 
 hrft Ciiflisi Senatgaveorderthat there fhould be paid looooo AfTesinbrafscointbut unto the flaves 25000 
 /.I. andtheirfreedom.Fortheredemptionofvvhomitheirmafters were contented their full price out 
 
 of the Chamber of the City . Not long after, it was reported that the remnant of this confpiracy 
 purpofed to furprife Prenefte. Thither marched L.Cor»f/;«i the Pretor oftheCity,whereheexe-N 
 cuted about 500 perfons who were found guilty. The City was in great fear to fee how the ho- 
 ftdges and captivesof the Carthaginians praftifedfuch troubles. Therefore in Kowe a ftanding 
 watch was kept in every ftreet : and the inferior Magiftrats were charged to fee to it and to walk 
 the round, and the Triumvirs likewife ^or three Sheriffs j to have a better eye and look to the 
 Qjurry-prifon. The Pretor alfo direiled his letters into all quarters ofthe Latin nation to this 
 efteit, That all the hoftages fliould be kept within doors, and not fuffered to go abroad into the 
 (Ireets : that all captives and prifoners fliould have gyves about their heels often pound weight at 
 leafK and be kept in no other ward but in the common goal. 
 
 The fame year came Embafl"adors from King ^rr^/.//, who prefented in the Capitol a golden 
 
 Crown of 246 pound weight, with great thankfgiving unto the Senate, that King Antiochus \a Q 
 
 Sj-6 /ift. En- regardoftheauthority and countenance ofthe Roman Embalfadors, had withdrawn his forces 
 
 ^liih imncel out of the Confines of ^«^/«j. The fame fummer two hundred men of arms, ren Elephants, 
 
 gold.ortlKte- and 200000 Modii of wheat fent from Kmg M^if.tKi(fa-. arrived at the camp in Greece. Likewife 
 
 abour. ^^ q^ Sicilj and Sardinuh there was fent great ftore of victual and liveries for the army. In Sicily 
 
 M. A^arcellKsVf is J., Co\cinom, and in Sardinia M, Poremt Cato-, an upright man and living 
 
 without touch and reproach, favc only he was thought fomewhat too fcverein reftrainingof 
 
 ufury.
 
 The mo and thirtieth Boo\ of T.Li vius. ^^ 
 
 ^ ufury. He b^nillied outot chat Ilaod all ulnrers : he abridged alio and ci:t off dean, the cha fes 
 which the allies were wontco defray tor the entcrtainmeiu of the Pretor, ° 
 
 Sex. t/£!iM the ConUil being reci;ined loRome out of Fra>.cc in regard of the oeneral affem- 
 bly for elertion ofMagifirats, created Confuls r». CcrTicliiis Cethefus and ^. iUnntiHs Ri-.f-ts. And 
 two daies after, the eleirtion was held for Precors, 'rhii year f rif were chofen fix Pretors, by 
 reafon that the number of Provinces cncreafed, and the Roman Empire and Seignory extended 
 farther. And thele were they, to wit, L. Af.^n/mrc/fo, Cn, Scnifronins VtiditAnus^ M, Sereins Si- s- 
 /«/, M.Hdvms^ M,Miym:ms Rufns-, and L. Acilhts. Of thefe, Semfronins nnd Hchhn were iE- ii/ft crca:cJ 
 diies otthe Commons ; O^.MinHtiui Thermits tind T.SenjpmNins Lonntu .€diles of thechiir. The 
 Roman games thi^ year were four times renewed. C;i. Corneliin and'l^. A'iin::t:!if bein? (^onriil": 
 gaboic ah things went in hand with the Provinc«?of Confuls and Pretors : andfirlt they dif- 
 patched thofe that concerned the Pretors (a matter that might be decided bycaftin" lots.) To 
 Sergtiu tell the jurifdidion of the City, and to Mi:n{um the fcrein, over Grangers. ^dZ/iu was 
 appointed to S.ri-ctiyr... ^^.inliiis lo Sicily. .S'^wpro^j/wf to that part of 5[).-?/« between /r^;A and 
 IberHs ; and H.lziusMuto the other beyond the River. 
 
 WhentheCon'.nls were upon the point to ca(t lots likewifc for their prcninces ;n-imely5 Itiily 
 and Macedo-'jy. L Oppius, and -'.Fft/tz/.'/f Tribunsofthe Commons, interpofed themfeives and 
 (iaicd them, a Hedging. ''That Ma^rdimyWisz province lying tar off, andiliere was noone thin» 
 '■ tnat had more empeachcd and hindred theprocecdingof wars to thar day than this, Ihatinfo 
 *' remote pares, theConfu! ever of the I'ormer year was called hoirie before he v^ere felled in his 
 Q " ai-fairs, and when he iliould be emploied moll in wars. Now have there four years already 
 " gone over our heads, l;n.e we decreed and con.liided tofoliow the Macedonian w.'.r ; during 
 "which time, 5»f/prt;«/fpent the greater part ot bis year in feeking after the King and his army ; 
 " Fillituy when he fliouid encounter the enemy, was called away before he had effcil:cd any ex- 
 "ploit : as \ot Q^my.n-is., he was kept it ^AWf Hill for the mod part of the year, in attendance a- 
 ''bout Church-m liters and fa rifices: howbeit the affairs of wars under bis condudt were ma- 
 " naged lo well, that i; either he had gone fooncr into his province, or the winter had been later, 
 *'hemiu'^t havedifpat.heJ the wars there; and now, that he is ready lo retire into his liaiidirg 
 '■ camp and vvintriub: harbors the repoit is, that he hathbrou;.',ht the war to that good pafs and 
 '' forwardnefs that nn ^{^ hebe not hindred by a new fucceflor, in all likely-hood and apparcnce, 
 rv " he wi:l make a final end thereof the next fummer. 
 
 VVicn thefe lpee«.hes they prevaiiedlb much, that the Confuls for their partpromifed to be or- 
 dered and let down by the Sen.u in this behalf uponcondition, that the Tribuns would becon- 
 tenc to do the tike. Now when of both Gdes>they had referred themfelves to a free and abfokite 
 conTultation the LL. of the Scnataffigned loboihthe Confuls the goverrmencof/r.iAand conti- 
 nued thecommand ofthe army (lill with T. Q^iintifts^ until there came annther to fucceed him. 
 Two legions were appointed for the Conful, with commilVion to war upon the Gaul-s between 
 Ronjc and the Alpi who had rev olted from the people oiRome, And for QHintius ordained it was, 
 that there fliouid befentinto Mactdo-n unto him, anew Uipp'y of 5000 foot, :;oo horfe, and 
 3000 fea-fervitors nd mariners. And likewil'e, that the fame L.QtuntiHs Fh.mini;itts fiiould be 
 £ Admiralofthc navy,as before. Forthe Pretors who weretogo into .S'p^;7,therewas an allow- 
 ance of oooo footmen out o: theaLies otthe Luinmiion, and40ohor emcn, lb that they dif- 
 mifled the old fouldiersout oiSpn'.-ij : and enjoined they were to limir and let out th^ bounds of 
 their feveral prox inces, whereas the higher Sfiin and the lower lliouid parr. And for M.xcedo:iy 
 there were two Lieutenanrs more (or the army appointed, to wit, P , Su'pinuiaTxi P.Vtllins, who 
 had been Conl'nls both, and in that provin.e. 
 
 Before thateitherConl'uls or Pretors wentoutinto theirprovinres, it was thought good to 
 take order for the prodigious tokens which hapned. For at i^awi? the Temple of /^.Vm;; and S«»j- 
 r>j.t>i!tS'ii Frcce'.'ic the wall and 2 gate ofthe City, were (kiken with lightning. At Frufmo it ap- 
 peared light (as it had been clear day) in the night feafon. At Afrulmn a Lamb was yeaned ha- 
 pving two heads andfivcfeer. Alio at Forw.a: two wolves entred into the Town, and v^orried 
 fomethat were intlieir way. Lalfofall, at A'^^n- there wasawolf, that not only came intothe 
 City, but went iorward as tar as to the Capitol. 
 
 C. Actlitisz. Trihun ofthe Commons propofed a law, th-'t there fliould be five Coloniescon- 
 duvfled to the Sea f.deand itiere planted : two at the mouth ofthe Rivers ^///.';ij»,7j and Litcrnus, 
 one at * Putcob^ another in the Burroiiszh Town of S.-j/cr;?//??;, and to make the fife * Buxcntum , „ 
 wasadjoined to iherefl-. Inro every Colony order was tak^n, that there Hiould be thirty hou- » />j/^^a" '^ v; 
 fl;old> lent. The three Commiffaries, called Triumvirs, for thecondudingot thefe Colonies gro,or Fonjl'^ 
 were created ; namely, Af. Se/viliusGeniinus, O. Minutins Thcrmtis^ and T.Sempro»ius Lot/jus, ^'gtrio, 
 Thefe three had commiffion to contirue in the charge of this office three years. After the muper, 
 G and all other matters acccmplifl'cd, pertaining to God and man. that were by the Confuls to be 
 performed, then they fettcrwjrd both, into their provinces. ror;7f//«;took his way directly a- 
 gainft the Inubrians, who accompanied with the Cenomans, were entred at ihnt time into arms ; 
 Q^MinuttHs in his journey bare m the left hand of /m/v toward the nether fea ; and conducing 
 his army to Genua, began with the I.igutians to make war. ( Lfiidntm :iT)d Liml-ium.. Towns 
 both ofthe Ligurians, likewil'e two States ofthe fame nation, the Celelats and theCerdiciats 
 furrendred unto him; infomudi as allthecountry onthis lide the /"s, were inlubjedion tothe 
 
 L 1 1 5 Romans,
 
 554 71^^ i^o and thirtieth Boo\^ o/TXivius, 
 
 RoroMis, except the Boiaos among the Gials, and the lUuats among the Ligurians. By report H 
 there were fifteen Towns containing twenty thoufand men, which yeelded unto them. From 
 thence he led the legions into the territory of the Boians. The army ot the Boians had paffed over 
 the Po a little before, and joined with thelniubriansand Caenomans : for nearing that the Conful^ 
 would war jointly with both their forces, they intended likewife to make tbemlelvcs more 
 ftrong, by uniting and bringing their power together. But the bruit being blown abroadjthat once 
 of the Confuls invaded and fired the country ot the BoianSj prefently there arofe a tumult. For the 
 Boians demanded, that they all in general would help them in their diftreis. The Iniubrisns refu- 
 fed and laid, That they would not abandon their own confines .■ by which occafion they disban- 
 ded. The Boians went to the defence of theiro wn country ,and the Inlubrians witb the Cxnomans, 
 lat them down upon the banks of the River Hif/»c/«i. Five miles beneath that place, the Conful I 
 Cornelspu alfo encamped himlelf neer the faid River : from whence he tent certain meflengers all 
 about the villages, and to iir».v/«i, the head City of that nation: and being advertifed fufficiently 
 that the youth was up in arms, vithout the vyarrant and content of their ancients ; and that the 
 Cscnomans joined not with the ) nlubrians in tbcir tebtllion by vettue of publick counfel and autho- 
 rity ; he lent for the principalpertonsamon!^ them, and began to labour and deal witb them, that 
 the CjEnomans would torlake the Infuoriaps,3nd openly with their enligns advanced, either to re- 
 turn into their own country, or turn to the Romans. This toey could not bring triem to .• howbeit 
 they allured the Conful.that in the held they ould either Tn ttill ind do notbinc,orelfe,if any good 
 opporiunity was prcfemed unto them,they would aid me Rocnans. ne Iriubnans knew nothing 
 of this complot : and yet, lome doubt and lulpitiou they had, that their aiiio balf£d,and were not K 
 . found ol all tour: and therefore when there was occafion ro lead forth to fight a fitld,they durfi not 
 trull them with cither of the two wings and points of the battel,for fear if they retreared like talle 
 brethren, they fliculd hazard the main chance.- but placed them behioa the enfignsin the rcergard. 
 TheCo.'^ful in the beginning of the battel vowed a Temple to Jntio 5^^/f <», .n cale hs diiccmfited 
 the enemies that day, and put them to the rout. The louldiers fee up a ihout, and cried aloud that 
 they would bring it to pais that the ^.onfulltvuuld have his defire, and therewith charged the ene- 
 my right fiercely. The Iniubrisns coulc not abide the firil (hock. Some write, that in the very 
 conflid the Caenomans aito fuddainly let upon their back, whereby they werediftrcfled and in 
 danger both bcfoic and behind ;anci thai tiiere were (lain encloftd in the mids five and thirty thou- 
 landof theencmies,aod feven hundred taken prifoners, and among them ^iw//c<ir the General ot L 
 the Carthaginians, who was the caule of this war : alio that there were a hundred and thirty en- 
 ' fgns carried away, and ot chariots above two hundred. All the Towns that followed this revolt, , 
 yeelded to the Romans. . 
 
 MttiKtius the Conlui, at the beginning made excutficns into the country of the Boians wafting 
 
 andlpoilingit allover.' but afterwards vvhen they hid *orlaken the Infubrians, and were retired 
 
 home to dcttnjand fave their own, he kept himielf wiuiincamp, making fuUaccount to trie a let 
 
 battel withtbv enemy. Neither would the Boia'stor their part havebeen behind, bm ready to 
 
 have aniwered them, had n^t the rumor otthe Infubrians overthrow, daunted and broken their 
 
 hearts. Whereupon they foriook their leader, quit the camp, and beftowedtbemlelves in the 
 
 Towns and Villages to guard every man his own, and quite altered the courfe of their enemy his M 
 
 war-, and put hiin befide^ his account. For the Conlui p»ll all hope now to determine the quarrel 
 
 in one ranged battel, began again rotorrage the fields, burn all buildings, and force Towns by 
 
 afiault. fv^uch about the lame time Claftidtum was fet on fire. And from thence the legions were 
 
 conduced againll the lluats amorgthe L'gurians, who only flood out and would not come in, and 
 
 y eeld obedience. Which nation like wile hearing that the Infubrians were defeated in a battel.and 
 
 that the Boians were lo Icared, that they dutft not venture the fortune of a field, fubmitted them- 
 
 lelves. At the lame time the letters of the i. omuls, containing their happy affairs in Fr<»wf, were 
 
 brought to Rome. O^.Sergiusthc Pretorof the City firft read them in the Senat, and afterwards 
 
 by the advice of the Senate, leheaticd them in a full ..udiencc and affembly ofthe people. Anda 
 
 proceflion was decreed for the fpace of four daies. jij 
 
 Now was winter come, and whiles T. Qtumius after the winning of £/<«t<<i,wintred his armies 
 in divers harbo;s within /'/;£C« f.rd Locris.xhtxQixoic a mutiny in Of*/. The one faftion lent tor 
 the itfolians their neer neighbours to fide vvitbfhcm : andtheotbertor the Romans. The jEto- 
 lians came firll, but the mightier faftion would not fuffer them to enter in.- for having diipatched 
 ameflengtrto the Roman General, tncy held the Town until his coming. The Kings garriton 
 kept the fortrels, neither could they be brought to a landon it either with the menaces of the O- 
 puntiansjor the authority and countenance of the Roman commander. The only let and flay why 
 it was net itnmediatiy afsaulied was this j Becaule there was come an herald from the King , re- 
 quelling time and place of a parle, which with much ado was granted to the King •• not becaufe 
 Quiunus of hinr elt was not dclirous and wiQied that he might be tboughi to have ended this war, q 
 either by force ot aims or conditions of peace ; tor as yet he knew nor whether one ot the new 
 Confuls (hocid be fent tolucceed him, or his government continued flilluntu him ('according as 
 he had given his friends and kinsfolks in charge to btingthat about by all the endeavour and means 
 that hecauldmake; J butbefuppoied verily, that this parling would be to good purpoletorOim, 
 it it might be in his liberty to drive matters unto war it lie flayed (iiil, or draw to a peace if hede- 
 t^S! ted home. So upon the llr.md and fhore of the gulf ^alt4^ they chof e i place neer unto Ntcca, 
 
 Thither
 
 The tm and thirtieth hoo{ of T.Li vius. 5 5- 
 
 A Thither came the King by wster from DemetriM with five brigantins or pinnaces, and one (hip of 
 war with a brals beak-head. There accompanied bim the chief LL of Macedo*,y. and CjcUadat 
 a noble perConage of great mark aoiong the Acbzans, and one that was from thence baniflbed 
 With the Roman General were King Amimnder, D tony ft dor us an Embafsador of King Attains 
 ind Ai^efimbratHs Admiral ofthe Rhodian Heet, PhaneM the chief and principal Magiltrat of the 
 iEtolians,andtwo hchxM'i Anflhenusznd Xenophen, The Roman General in the mids of the e 
 advanced himfelf forward to the eoge of the vtryfhore, even to the bank (ide, whiles the Kin™ 
 came torward to the foredeck of his Qiip (landing at anchor .• and thus he began'and laid unto the 
 
 g'' t/M/wf/w/.wnoisittnatyoutear.jtamanmay Knowf Ihcn witoan hauty fpirit and kingl ^ 
 
 "fear none ('quoth oe^ but the immortal Gods ; but I trult nctthe hdclityof all that I fee here a- 
 " bcut vou, and namcy, the i£ti)lisns leaft of all oiher. Why ('faith Quintiui again) this is the 
 "common cai'eof all them thar come to parly with enemies j namely, (o be in danger one of ano- 
 »'tber. Ycamsry,qu(;th the King, butby your leave CWf/«,, thepriceandrecompenceoftrea- 
 "chery and faUhojd (if ic lliuuld come to that) is not sU one torkillin:^ Phthp and Ph.meM ,• foe 
 *' the itolians ffiould not find it foiiard a matter to fubliitute another Pretor,as the Macedonians 
 ''tocreateanotherKinginmyroom. This faid, th.^e wasnot a word more to the point : while 
 the Roman General thuu^bt it rtafon th?t hefh aid begin who (ought fora pailej and tbe King 
 luppolcd it meet that it was his pzrt to fpeak firlt who fhould give conditioiis, and not for him 
 Q that llood at receipt, ani was to accept thereof. Then Qutmipu began and faid, that his fpeecb 
 Ihould be plain and fimple : for he would fay no n)ort..but prop'.iie only tliole points.whicb it they 
 might not be periormed, there would be no peace up n-^y condition at sU. f'irll:, thattheKing 
 mult withdraw hisgarrifonsoutol\illtheC'ties oi Greece. /rf«?, That he is to deliver up all the 
 prifciners and fugitive revolts that he hath, unto tbe allien ^irhc people of Rome, Item, That he re- 
 ttore again to the Romans a'l thole pieces in /tf»r«Mw, vbich s; ter the peace concluded in Epirus, 
 he b d Icized upon. Lalt of all, that he (ufender imto Ptoh^netu King of jiigypt, all thofe Cities 
 which he poflfelkd hi nfelf of. after the icithoi Ptoiame Thiiapator. IhefeCfaithhej arethecon- 
 dttions, that J and the people of Rome do deman'^ .• but mec- it is behdes, that ycu hear the de- 
 mands alfo of the allies. Then the tmbaffador c; agent for King Aitalm required, that the (hips 
 D and captives which had been taken in theSe >-fit;rjt before C/j«<j!<,fliould be rendered and that iW- 
 <r?ffc»r/««» and the Temple of ^if««j, which he had pilled and fpoilcd, fhould be reltored as good 
 and entire.as they were before. After .".-m, the Rbodians made claim to Perdu (a country in the 
 continent right over-againlt their ine>ati i ?.n ancient appurtenance of their Seignoryy and deman- 
 ded wuhal, that tbe garrifons fhould q-.Mt f^ffm^ BargjUa, and the City ofthe Euromenfiaos, and 
 ^bout Helloffomtu^ like wife the Cities of Sejiot snd Abjdos. Item, that Panopoli^ Oiould be refto- 
 red unto the Bizantins, with the ancient chatter of their francbif;.3 and liberties. Finnlly, that all 
 the Merchant Towns and Ports in .i//?<« might be freed from paying cu'tome. Then came upon 
 hlmthe Achii, and chailcugeri C'or/«;/jand ^-^r^/ asrheir own, After them, when as PA »f<if 
 (the Pretorof the yEtohaorJ had demanded m a manner the (aniL* !;:3t tbe Romans had before; 
 E namely, thatthe Kingstorces Oiould depaitoutof Grrec^, adding »noreover, that thofe Cities 
 fliould be rendredunto ttie jE"oIisos which vn times psft belonged to their dominion and jurifdi- 
 flion : then one of the beads otrhe /t/tolsans named Alexander, zn cloqufnt man among tbem.as 
 any other, preftntly interted and laid •, '' 1 hat he had » longtime Httcn (lill, and opened not his 
 *' mouth, not becaufe hethnught thit in II this conference they would grow to any point or con- 
 '•'clufion, but for that he would not interrupt s-.iy of his allies in their (pcecb. And as for VA//*^', 
 " quoth hc,be dealei h not ibuiidly and bona fide ui treatie"; of peacj, no uio'e than e v cr hcretoiore 
 *'hehathii;anc.ocdhis wars with vertuc and tiue valour Vorin allcbcle parlics and conferences 
 " be layeth trains, and li-tb to catch advantages .• in w^r he never llriketh a bsttail in plainfield, \ 
 
 "nor Cometh to dole fight hand to hand ; but in huretrcnis ar^d flights, burnsth andfackethCi- 
 F"ties: ^nd thus bjog bimfelfvanquiilicd, ipoilcth snd raakctbhavockof that wbiehby right is 
 " the due reward and tecompence of conquerors. But the noble Macedonian Kings in old-time, 
 " took no luch coui ies. Tneir manner was to fight it out in open field, and to fpare Cities and 
 •'Towns, all fb.t ever poffibly they could ; to 4he end that th^ir dominion might be more wealthy 
 " and puiflant. For what kin' of policy is it, for h;m to ruinate and dellroy utterly that, about the 
 ''poflelfion whereof he is in quelfion, and relcrve nothing forhimfelf but only war.? ThisP;6«//^ 
 " the year palt bath laid defoiate in Thijfalie more Cities of his allies there, than all the enemies 
 '' have done that ever T'/jir/iZ/ff had; ani hath taken more from ths vEtolians themfelvesj while 
 *' be was a confederate friend with themj than all the time that he was their profeised enemy. He 
 *' hath fcized upon Ljpmachia, expelled their Pretor, and chaltd out the garriion ot the iEtolianSt 
 G Piios alio, a City under his own fubjeflion he hath rafed,fubverted and quite deffroycd. By lem- 
 
 blablefaidioodand deceit hs is pollelTed of * Tbebes\n?hthia, Echtnum, Lariffa^tnA Vharfalta. -Fardiftlnai- 
 P^</»^netled and galled attbeic words of A/exnnr.er, commanded that his (hip fliould approach nnot r/xifs 
 Tieerertothcbankjtothecnd th.u himlelfmight bj b;'tcr beard. And as he beganto frame bitter i" ^;^)?' and 
 invedives againfi the jfitolians prir.cipilly, thaneas tut him off, (ayirg. That the quarrel was not '^' '" P-*'-^ 
 to be dtcLd.cd by word, but wi;h the (word : nd eiitier he mult win it by mere force, cryeeld 
 ofatdience to the mightier. That is true, quoth ?hi/ipt snd lo evident, thac a blind man may fee it ; 
 
 jelling
 
 556 ^ he mo and thirtieth BooJi o/T.Livius. 
 
 ieftin'' merilyacP/?<?»f^«? who was troubled with a pair of bad eies. And given he wasbynaiute H 
 to be^leafantly conceited, yea, and fuller of his frumps, I wot than befeemed theMajefty ofa 
 Kin" : lo as many times even in treaty of ferious matters and of great confequence, he could not 
 forbear but make himfelfmery and laugh a good while. " Attervvards he felltoa fit of choler and 
 ''indi'^nation, that the j£tolians fiiould take upon them like Romans to command him out of 
 " Greece.^\ho if they were put to it,werenoc able upon their knowledge to fetdown the bounds 
 '■'oi Greece & limit how far it reached. For afmuth as the Agrei^the Apodeotes and Amphilochi, 
 *' which take up a great part ol e/£fo/M,are not within Greece. And what juftcaure(quothhe) of 
 <' complaint have ihey ,in that I have not I'pared fome of their allies ? Why ? e\ en they themfelves 
 "hold this old cufiome for a law, namely, topermit their youth to take arms and ferveagainft 
 '' their own allies. fo they doit without thepublick order and warrant trom the State: and very I 
 " often a man mayfeeiEtolians in contrary armiesj&come to aid aswel the one fide as the other: 
 "• AsforC/wy.f,it was not I that forced it; I did no more but aid Pr«/J<M my friend and ally, in the t 
 " (iepe and affault thereof. And as touching Lyfin:achia^l defended it againlf the Thracians : but 
 '■for'afmu'.has ofnecelTity I was caliedaway from the guard thereof unto this war, the Thraci- 
 '■^ ans now hold it. I hus much by way of anfwerto the jEtolians. Now concerning Jiitdus and 
 *' the Rhodians, by right I owe them nothing : for it was not I but they, that began the war. 
 '' Howbcit, for the honor that I beat to the Romans, I will make reltitution to the Rhodians of 
 *• ra&r.^ and redore 1 will to Attains the {hips and the captives as many as are forth coming and 
 " may befound. As for the reHitution and making good again ot Nke^hortum and the Temple of 
 " rf>f«/,whataniwer fliould I return to them thar demand it, but this, that I will endeavour and K 
 "be at charge of planting new trees (which is the only way and means whereby groves and 
 *' woods that' are cut down and fallen, may be recovered again) feeingihat ye will needs have it, 
 *; that Kings (forlooth) mull commune and reafon to and fro about fuch matters as thefe. In 
 •' thela(ip;ai.e, heframedhis fpeech toanlwerthe Achseans : wherein, firlt he began with the 
 "benefits and pleafures that Antii;onn5\\^^ done unto that nation; then, of the favours and good 
 "turns they had icceived from his ownielfj and with all he commanded their decrees and edi6\s 
 ''to be rend, containing ail kind of honors as well divine as human: adding moreover the late 
 " and trefh revolt ottheirarmyfrom him: and albeit he inveighed fbarply againft their difloy- 
 "alty and treachery, yet hepromiied to render Argoiwaio them. As for Cor/»f/), be would con- 
 ifer and confult with the Roman General, anddcm.andof him, whether he thought it reaton L 
 " that he fliould depart from tho.e cities which he wan by arms^and held by right of conqueft,or 
 " difpoffeis himlelf of thofealib, win. b he received from his progenitors as his lawful inheri- 
 ^' tance? The Achcans ard ^toiians addri.{lcd themfelves to anfwer thole points ; but the fun 
 was we'.neerdown : whereupon theccnxrencewas adjourned until the morrow. Fhili^ retired 
 to the harbor from whence he cameand the Romans with their allies to their camp. The day fol- 
 ]oivin'.^/;;;fi.-/; at the time appointed was ready before r he City oiNtce.i (for that was thought 
 acon.enient place. ) But A'^x/j? appeared not, nor for the fpace of certain hours came there any 
 atal! from him. notfo much as a mcflerger. Now when they were out of all hope of his repair 
 thither, behold of a fuddainhisiliips weredefcried. For himlelf he laid by way ofexcufe, that 
 confidering how hard, how grievous and intolerable indignities were impofed upon him^he had j^ 
 employed all thatdaytimenntii theninconrultation,and could notrefolve. But it was generally 
 thoughtamon?, them all that he had ofpurpofe prolonged the time, and made itfo late even to- 
 vvarci evening, becaufe the Achxans and /Etolians fliould fiavenoleifure to anfweruntohim. 
 And this opinion of theirs himfeif confirmed, inthat hercquefted that he alone might parly 
 viththe Roman General himlelf, and that all others fhould go aude and abfent themfelves; to 
 the end they two might fpend and lofe no more time in debate and wrangling, but go briefly to 
 che point, and make an end one way or other. This petition of his would not at firlf be accepted 
 by QtiiiitiHS; pretending that he would not have it feenth:.t the allies were excluded out otthe 
 conference. But afterwards upon his importunat fiiit, by the advife otthem ail. the Roman Ge- 
 neral together with Ap. CI .t;dii:s a Colonel, when the reli were voided away, advanced forward vj 
 to the bank I'de: ihe King with the other two whom he had with him the day before came aland. 
 There after they had parled in lecret together a certain time, they parted. What Phi/if rchted 
 unto his company is not certainly known : but QttintiHs made report unto his allies of their con- 
 ferencein this wife: namely, that /"/.>// p was content to quit the whole coart and traft of /A'/r/- 
 c//w,for the Rom.ins to enter upon. Item, to fend back all thetraiterous renegats, and as many 
 captives as were to be found. IictH-, to redeliver unto Attains &[e.Qn\\)S and the mariners taken 
 prifoners therein. /.•(,•»« to render unto the Rhodians the countrey o\ Per£.:: but in no wifetobe 
 dilfeifed oi L-.ffus zrdB.trn^ylU. /nff»,to deliver unto the jEtoIians PhayfaUis^x\d L;trijfa,hwinox. 
 Tlnocs in any cafe. La(l ol alKco part not only with ^r^o..butwith Cc>''»f/:'alf"o,forthe behoof of 
 the Achxans, There was nor one of them all well pleafed a- this limitation and fetting out of par- 
 ticular parts.which he would dcliver,and which he would not. For in this reckoning & account 
 they fliould be morelofcrs than winners.Forunlefs (fay they) he remove his force.' and garrifons 
 out of all 6';'fifcrthrou!.'hoi]r,he will never ceafe to <;Ive or take occafion.q of quarrel. As they all, 
 cried out from the whole afTembly to this effeff, their hich voyce was heard ot T' ;//)), albeit he 
 f?ood aloof. When^pon hp requeiled duintius to refer the whole matter once more unto the next 
 day ; and then certainly without fail,he would either perfwade hitn and his allies and bring them 
 
 to
 
 The tipo and thirtieth Booh^ of T.Livius. ^Sj • 
 
 ^ to his mind, or elfe would come off and fuffer himfelf co be perfvvaded and over-rtjled by them. 
 The place of meeting was appointed upon the Itrandne.ir TInonium: and thither they repaired 
 on both parts betimes. There Phi/ipMl and ,oremo(t bcfoii^ht both Onr^tiHsand all thole that 
 wereprelcnt,not to difturb the hopeofpeace,bni ihu it might come to fome ef^cci: and incon- 
 clulioD, craved time wherein he might lend his Embafl.idours unco the Senat of /Jcwe; affurin'^ 
 them^ that if he could nst obtain peaceunder thofe arciUes abo\ cfaid, he would accept of any o° 
 iher conditions, whit h icHiould p.eafetheSenat to put upon him. A!' thcref? mifl,'.<ed hereofjlup- 
 pofing that he Ibu'^ht tor nothing elfe but delayes and ir.iiloftimej whiles hcmigr.roather his 
 forces together. But Q^/v;f;;/j inferred again,That wtli it mif.htl'obe and a tnili indeed Lut they 
 alledged it it were fummer time and a feafon fit for war and nu'rtial exploit; : bur now, co.ifider- 
 ging winter wa> at hand, they could lole nothing by granting ium refpiteto -iddrefs anembaflac-e. 
 tor neither (qd, he) wiil any capitulation and compohtion which we fliould make with Pljilip 
 ftand good and lirm without the approbation of the Senat ;2nd m this one winter (when of ne- 
 celTity we mull liir^eafefrom war) it may be known what theSen,neby their authority will ap- 
 prove. To this advice the thief o( the confcderats accorded and therein retted. So there was 3 
 ceffationof arms for two moneths granted : in which mean time it was thought good, that each 
 ot them like wife Hioulddilpatih oneEmbafl'ador to advertife the Senate.to take heed they were 
 not over-raughcby the fiibtilty and fraud ot the King. But provided it was in the covenant of the 
 truce aforefaid, That inco:itinentiy the Kings garrilons fhould void the territories of P/jocie and 
 Locr:s.(^iintiHs alio himfclffent (together with the Embafladors of the allies) A'»i>7.iyidcrK\r)<^ 
 Q Ot the Aihamans; and to make the embaflage more honourable, Q^,Fa['i:ts (his osyn wives fiUers 
 fon^ Q^. F:i/vius and P. Clandim accompanied the King. 
 
 When they were arrived at Rome-, the Embaffadours of the allies had audience given them be- 
 fore thofe that were lent from King f/j;//;;. Mod of their fpeeche; were fpencin railing againR the 
 King: but in this one point they motl of all moved theSenat to give ear unto themjnamely,when 
 they defcribed by demonlhation (as in a map) the fituation of thofecountries as well by Land as 
 Sea, that all men might plainly fee, that if the King might hold in his hands the City Demetrtat 
 in Thejf.t[ic.,ClhdcU in Eubxa, and Conn:!) w Achuhi, Greece could not polTibly be at liberty, con- 
 fideringihat /"/;///;> himfelf was wont to term them ( no lefs truly than tauntingly) Thefhackles 
 and fetters ot Greece. After them were the Kings Embaffadors permitted to enter into theSsnat- 
 pv houfc : and having begun to make a long Oration, their fpeech was cut off vvith this one brief and 
 fliort interrogatory , Whether TA/Ap would quit thofe three Cities afordaid, or no? Wbere- 
 untothey made thi^ anOver.Thattheyhadnoexprefs warrant in their commilVion touching that 
 matter by name. So the Kings Embafladors were fentaway without conclufion of any peace: and 
 QtuntiKs bad full authority to determine of war or peace at his pleafure. Who feeing plainly by 
 this, that the Senat was not weary of war,and being himfelfmore delirous of vidory than peace, 
 he would never after grant P/);/()7 any more parlies, but gave him to underftand, that he would 
 admit no other embaflage from him^ but that which fliould bring him'news of his departure 
 quite out oi Greece. 
 
 Philip feeing no other way now but that he muft needs fight and trie the ifl'ue by a main bac- 
 £ tail, and that he was to gather his forces together from all p^rts : being perplexed mofl of all for 
 the Cities of Acb.n.t (x countrey far remote from him) and yet more caretul in regard o'i Argi 
 than Corinth ; he thought it befl policy to make it over (as it were upon trulf) into the hands ot 
 Nahts tiie tyrant of the Lacedemonians, upon condition, That if he obtained the viiftory, Na'ns 
 fliould deliver it up unto him again ; but it ought fliould come to him but welLthen 7V<»^// him- 
 felf to have and hold it as his own. Unto Philocles-, Governor oiConnth and y}rgt,he difpatcheth 
 his letters, That he fliould himfelf in perfon commune with the tyrant above-named about it. 
 PhilocUs. belides tliat he came now with a prefent, added moreover of his own head (for the 
 better afluran;e and pawn of amity between the tyrant and the King^ That Phiip would give his 
 daughters in marriage to Na'ts his fons. The tyrant refufcd at thefirii to accept of that City, 
 p unlets he were fent for, by a decree of the Argives tncmlelves to come for to aid the City. But 
 afterwards when he heard fay. That in a tVequent aflembly there, they not only rcjedkd him,buc 
 alfo detefled and abhorred the very name ot a tyrant, as an execrable abhominaiion ; fuppofing 
 now that he had a good occahon and quarrel oft^ered to make a Ipoilofthem he willed Philocles to f' 
 
 deliver the City unto him \^'hen he would. So the tyrant was received into the Town in the 
 night feafon, without the privity and knowledge of any perfon : and by break of day he feifed up- 
 on ali the higher places. The gates were (i\\\i, and t'ew of the principal heads in thebegin- 
 ning of the tumult made fliift to efcape. Thofe that wereabfent had theirhoufes ranfancked 
 and theirgoods pilled: as many as wereprefent, had all theirgoldandlilvertakenfrom them ; 
 befides, great fums of money were impoi'ed upon them to be paid. They that made fpeed and 
 g were not long about it, but tendrcd ready coin, were let go without any outrage or hurt done 
 unto their bodies: but fuch as were fufpefted either to hide or keep ought back, were mangled 
 and tortured like bondflaves. After this, he aflembled the people together and publiflied 
 two Laws ; the one, for crofling all debt-books and cancelling obligations: the other, for diyi- 
 fion of Lands among the people by the poll: two fire-brands to ferve their turn that feek tor 
 change and alteration in a State '> enough to fee on fire the Commons againft the Nobles and chief 
 of a City. 
 
 When
 
 66^ y he three and thirtieth Boo\ o/T. Livius. 
 
 WhsbtlieCvty of ^>-^<w was thus brought in lubjeiftion unckr7\7iii'»;j-,the tyrant never icmcai- u 
 bring at whofe hinds, nor upon what condition he had received it, lent hmbafl.idorsto£/<?roj 
 vao-o QuiMtiw^ likewiie to vJ;;/?/;« wintringthen int/£g;»^,ceaifyingihem,That ^.rgos wasi^t 
 his hands and at his devotion; and if Qamtihs would repair thither to parle with him,he doubted 
 not bntthey two fliould agree well enough in every point. Qjti>itins granted to come thitherjtd 
 the end, that by this means he might disfurnifli Philif of that ganifon : and he fent likewife to 
 ^ftW;</.,vvillinghim,that he would depart from t/£g!Ka and meet \\\mztSicyoiie: himfclf looted 
 from jiMtcna-yiViA with ten Cileaces called Qiiinqueremes; which ("as hap was) L.Qumtus his 
 brother foine dayes before had put to kx out ofihe wintring harbor of Corfy/-<i, eroded over to 
 Sicyone. Now was yjV/. //;<j there already, who making remonliranceimto .^w/^r/VjThat itbe-^ 
 came a tyrant to come unto a Roman General.and not a Roman Genera! cogounto a tyrai>t,in- j 
 duced^««»f««itocondercend unto his opinion,andnot to enter the City ot ^r^o;.Notfarfroni 
 the City is a place called Mycenxa^ where they agtecd to meet and commune together. QuintiHS 
 came to the place, accompmied with his brother and certain Colonels. Attains wasguarded 
 with his Princely and Royal train. N.coJ},mhs the Prctor of the Achaeans repaired thither, atten- 
 ded with fome few auxiliary fouldiers .• and there they found the tyrant expecting their coming 
 with allhis for:es. And armed as he wa^. with hi- guard iikewilie armed, he advanced himfelf in- 
 to the midll (welloeer)oftheplainthat lay between, t^«/at<«Junarmed.ramefofward with his 
 brother and two Colonel!:. King y?f/<j//« likewise becvveenthe Pretorofthe A .hacans ot the one 
 hand and acourriour othis onthe other, both un.irmed. The tyrant began the fpeech with an „ 
 excufe. That being inarms and attended with a guard of armed men, heprefenied himfelf to a 
 parle feeing the General of the Rom. n^; and King y!//f.;7«.f unarmed: and faid that he hood not iri 
 iis<;r ofthem but oUertain exiled pcrions <itihe /^rpi es. After this, when they vame to treat as 
 touthing the condition;; and ■ ovtn.mtsfor the c ontratl of .'n amity , i^»/w/;/i the General de- 
 ma ndtd two thi|igs: the oneThjt Nalie v>onidm.ikean end of w.rring wiihtheA hsi : the o- 
 ther, That he won d lend with him (cnain aids .ig-iinl^ Pl'ii.j, And \crily to fend fi^ctour he gran- 
 ted : and inlicu ot pcai e he was corttrt ih«.rt fliotldbea tru e, until the war with f/?;7(^/) was 
 difpuihcd.Alo a^out Ayj^osKir.o Ait I Stg.mto enter irtoiomequefiion fjying:That having 
 theCiiy trea-Jjej^SiiOy bctinyed unto him byPh UcIijybicFow hcici it fy icne otarms:but hean- 
 fwercd .-vgain,That he was lent tor by (he Arji-e;; themfehe'^ for lo protect them. Then the King . 
 requiriid that t he Argiies might be .iJTembled toseihcr.that fe might know the troth. The tyrant 
 m.ide no denial thereof, t he King replied again, th.u thcaliembiy fjiouldbe free, and at their li- 
 b^ny to fpeak, and to th.'t effei\thc garri.ons vver.t' tf)be removed out of the City, and no Lace- 
 demonians intermingled among them: to the end i!i,;t the Arj;i\er. might frankly fpeak their mind. 
 But the tyrant f^atiy denied to withdr^iw from tf.en c ihegiiards.So this arguing came to no con- 
 clulionjand the conference brake op after that the tyr int had given the Roman Gentni 600 Can- 
 diots, and a tru^c made for the term of foiirmonetis, between JVico/ft ar-^a'Pieiot oi the Aehe*- 
 anj,and A^a'^:^ tlie tyrant oftheLa' edemonians. trom then:e^«/;«r/«j departed to Corinth-,and 
 approa.hed the gate with a Regiment ot Cretenhans tha; it might appear to Pluloclcs the Kings 
 Captain there tli.it the tyrant was re. oiled from Phil.f. Plji/ochsiMo ehrred into a parle with the 
 Rom^iuGeneiai and when he wasexhor ed by him to depart out of hand and yeeld the City, he ^ 
 retu ned iiKh ananUver unto him th.u he iVcmed ruber to defer, than to deny thething. From 
 C r'lKth QH!iiiius^vo{^\c6 cheSe.uo Anttc^ra from when.;e he fcnt his brother to found the natioB 
 ofthe A-.'rnsn'ans. And .-ye/-/?/.-*? departed direftly from Ar^ii to Stcyo>ie. Where the City not 
 only en. re 1 led the an ient honomscfthe King,with the addition rf new: but alfo the King over 
 andbcfides thatheh.idpun baled for them in limepMltbca red land of Aiio//(?, with a great futn 
 ofmoney)be(.aul'e he wouicinot fcem now alfo to p.ifs by this hiend City allied unto him, with- 
 out fome royal bounty and munificen. e, hegave freely unto them lixtalcntsof hlver, and ioq.©o 
 }i4edimns of corn : and fo returned to his fbips at i e>7cljyra. Nal-it alio having flreflgthened the 
 g,irriionin Af-f/ returned to Land^mon: andaiter himfelf had lobbedthemenoftheirmonyand 
 goods bt- fent his witeibither to dothe jikeby the women. Who lending for the honourable ScM 
 worfliipfnl dames of the City Inviting them one by on. to her houie,3ndotherwhiles many to- 
 gether at once fuih as were ot kin one to another, by flattering and by threatning gat from thetri 
 not only alltbe gold that they had, but jnthe end (hipt offibeir apparelalfo, and all the jewels 
 and ornaments that they wore. 
 
 The three and thirtieth Book 
 Of the Hijlories ofT. Livius of Padua , from the fomdatioti of tbi 
 
 City of R.ome. ^ 
 
 The Breviary of L. FUrus upon the three and thirtieth Book, 
 
 TIf.is Qi_iimius Flamininus the Pro'confJ.endtd thewar with Philip,<?ffer he hadvan^uifhedhim 
 in afiaht field »etr Cynocephals ;« Theffalie. L.Qyiniius Fl«niniiius^r*r/»f>' tathtfaid Pro*
 
 The three and thirtieth BooJ^of T. Li vius. 66g 
 
 iindC. Claudius Marcellus, the two Co futs, fid-daeU the Boia-is and Itjubrtrins tn Gaul, Marcellus 
 triumphed. ADDibi\h.:'Vi ^ praHiJed tn A^nckto ratfervar, but to ■,:o ejfeEl^vcos thereupon iiccufed 
 unto the Romans^ by letters jent from the principal of the iid:erfe faB:ion : butforfearoftheRomanSj 
 who had dfpMched their Enitaffcdors to the Carth^fl^tnian Sen^t al'out him-y he fled unto AntiochuS 
 King ofSydi) who dljo prepandthcn to m^^kf ivartipou the Romans. 
 
 B The hegnming U not cxt am in the Litine. 
 
 aajoyning in tholequartcrs to ^c.im'nia.TheK was a Itreigntp.ifs or gullet there, half a milea!- 
 molt in length but nothalfa mile in breadth: at the end otthisHreightrtandeth the City Leitcus 
 planted i.gamli an hill thatturneth to the EaH,andlookcth toward ^c.-jy^rtw.*. The bale Town is 
 buili upon a pkiD;reaching alongthe fea that divideth Leucadiairom -^Mr«j»/<?.Whereupon the 
 City .as .vcil on the land lide,as by lea.is eahe to be forced. For the foords of the water reiembie a. 
 Itanding lake rather than a Seajand the whole loil is a light earth, minable and eaTy to be wrought 
 into, io that in many places at ontethe walls either undermined or niaken with the rjtn, came 
 tumoling down. But as the Town it felt was aflaultablCjio the hearts of theTownfmcn weiein- 
 
 C viDcibie. For night and day they gave not over.to repair the cracks of the lluken vvnl,tofillupthe 
 open breaches and ruins tomake head iu[niy,andskirmilh with theenemy,and rather to defend 
 ihc wails by force of armsjthan tolavethemlelvesby Hrength of their walls. Andfurely a longer 
 liege they would have made oi it than the Romans hoped but that certain banillicd perfons, Ita- 
 lians born,d welling in Lcucas let in and received armed louldiers on the CalHe fide. Howbeit,the 
 Lcucadiins embaitelling themfeh es in their market place,encountred them as they ran down from 
 the higher ground with a great cry and noife, and maintained battel with them tor a long time. 
 In this mean whiie,the walls in di\ erfe places were fiaied with laddersjjnd the enemies mounting 
 over the heaps of ft ones that lay at the breaches,entred the Town. And now by this time theLieu- 
 tenant in perion, with many companies environed them as they fought: Tome flaininthemidlf, 
 
 D others flung away their weapons, andycelded to theconquerour. After few dayes, upon the 
 news of the held fought at CynocepLtU^ all the States of Acarcania came in, and fubmitied them- 
 felves to the Lietitenanr. 
 
 At the lame time,whiles fortune turned thusabout,and bare downa fide all at once;theRho* 
 dians alio lent out WmfiflrMm their Pretor with Soofootmen of ^chsa & about ipeofouldiers 
 well armedjgathcred out of all forts of auxili jries,to regain and reconquer from Phi/ip the country 
 oiPerx^i lyuigintheinain and firm land, which had been held fometime, and poflefled by their 
 an:e(tours. And thefcaids were compounded and mixed of Fren.h,Nifuet?, Piluets,Tanians,and 
 Areans oijjfncl^^ and Laodiceansof ^/J^, With thefe forces P.mfftrattts encamped in the ter- 
 ritory of Stratofiicca, and there he feized of a commodious place, and very good for his putpol'e, 
 
 £unwares to the Kings company that had holden the lame. Thither came aifo to aid them in very 
 good time, a Regiment of a looo foot and a loo horfe of A-hxans, levied for that purpore,and 
 were commanded by I'heoxenw, Dmocrates a Captain under the King.willing to recover the laid 
 hold again, firft pitched his tents,hard againff the enemies camp. But afterwards he removed to 
 another fort in the territory hkcwife oi' 5tr.itontcea,\\Wnh they call yifir.^gcn : and having rallied 
 together all the garrifons difperlcd afunder in divers places. and lent for che au.viiliary bands alfo of 
 Theflalians, even from Stratomcca, he took his way and marched toward ^Lila^d^, where the 
 enemies were. TheRhodians like wife for their part were ready for battel.and after they were en- 
 camped of both (ides necr together, immcdiatly they entred into the field to fight it out. Dhucra- 
 ffjplaced in the right point 500 Macedonians.andthe Agrians he put inthelet't,inthemain bat- 
 
 F telhc bellowed all thole that he had gathered together out of the garrifons belonging to tlvs forts 
 abovcfiid, whot'or the moll part wcreCarians the points he fl.mked round about with his cor- 
 nets ot Horle. The Rhodian cohort was marllialled in this manner : The auxiliaries of the Candi- 
 ots and Thracians kept therivht point, the hired fouldiers (and they were a power of cledl loot- 
 men^ flood in the left, in themidlf were the aids (a mixture of many nations: ) the Cavalry and 
 all the light armed louldiers that were compaffed the corners like wings. All that day the two ar- 
 mies f^ood only upon the bank of a brook which ran between them with a Imall and fliallovv wa- 
 ter: and after tome loofeHiotdifi-hatged, they retiredinto theirients. Thencxtday they were 
 ranged in like order, and flruck a battail exceeding the proportion of their number; for on each 
 fide there were not above three thouland foot, and upon a hundred horfe : but they were even 
 
 G matched not in number only and armour, but alfo in equal courage and hope alike. The Acha:i 
 firft palled over the faid brook, and charged upon the Agrians : atterwuds the whole army ran as 
 onewouldfay, overthe River. Thefightcontinued long doubtful. The Achsi being of them- 
 felves in number a thouf^nd, difordred tome four hundred of the other, and forced them to re- 
 treat, and afterwards the entire right point of the battail began to fhrink and give ground. As 
 for the Macedonians-folong asthelrbattailloncalledPhalanx kept their array and !lood dole to- 
 gether, could not poflibly be ftirred or removed; but alter their left fide was laid naked, and they 
 
 b5°an
 
 6']o 
 
 "The thre^anithitttexh Boo\ ofT. Livius. 
 
 calleJ Tr'woli- 
 ««, of ihrec ci- 
 ties therein. 
 
 » Bees, or Bo- 
 Cilbntbei. 
 
 * Turcomtn'iej 
 and Finkbia. 
 
 tcnyidclnrn- 
 , S. Theodora. 
 
 Ciircu , or 
 CharachifaT' 
 * Stnltmur*. 
 
 began to reach out on an all hands their long pikes againft the enemy, charging them acrofs upon H 
 the flank, they were prelently troubled : and firft they put themfelves in dirarray,afterw"ards they 
 turned their backs, andiali ot ah flung their weapons ti:omthem,and ran away for lite, until they 
 were come to Bar^tlia. Thither alio was Dttjccrates fled. The Rhodians having followed the chafe 
 as long as they had any day to fee, retired into their camp. And for certain it is known, ifin this 
 train of viftory they had prefenily made fpeed to Sxratvmcea, they might have been xnafters of 
 the rown,and never drawnfwordfor it: but whiles they fpent time in recovering the burrough 
 Towns and forts of Per^a, chey let this opportunity flip out of their hands, ^W loB it forever. 
 For in the mean fpace, they that lay in i^arrjfon and held Stratonicea, were encouraged, and took 
 better heart. Diyiocrates alfo anon witn thole forces of his that remained, put himfelf within the 
 walls. Then was the Tower beheged and aflailed , all in vain, neither could it be forced and won I 
 but by A>ntocbiis, a rertain time after. Thus went the affairs in TheJfJie, in Ach^ea, and in A r,a 
 much about one and the feli-fame time. 
 
 \^hil:p being advertifed that the Dardanians were emred within the confines of his realm, and 
 Walkd the high country of yl/-«ff(i9«7,albeit hefaw that almofl in all parts of the world unhapcy 
 fortune Hill followed and courfed both him and his wherefoever they were: yctefieemino it more 
 grievous and heavy than death itfelf to be difleized of the pofi'eflion oiMacedony alfojbe made a 
 levy in great had out of all his cities of fix thoufand foot, and 500 horfe ; with which power of 
 Macedonians,hefuddainly forprifed the enemy (unprovided and not aware of hiscomino) about 
 Stoi>iin* Pe/a^onia. Great numbers of men werellaininconflift, but more in the fields, fuch as 
 were disbanded, and ranged abroad for greedinefs of booty and pillage. But as many as could v 
 make means to flie more readily and eafily away , never flood out the tryalofa battail,but return- 
 ed homeinto their own countrey. Having thus put Yik as it were again intohis men by this one 
 expedition ,ind exploit (a matter of no coniequence to the total adventure of his whole efiate) he 
 retired himfelf to Thejfitlomca. 
 
 The Punii-k war was not atchieved and bronght to an end lb happily and in fo good a time 
 for the Romans (v\ho otherwife fhould have warred at once both againft the Carthaoinians and 
 Philip) but it fell out as well and in as fit a feafon, that PhiHf was now vanquifhed ; juft a<^ainft 
 the time that ^««/or/i«^ in S/nVz prepared to levy war againfl them, Forbehdes that the fervice 
 was much more caGly managed againfl them fingle and apart, than it would have been if they had 
 banded both at once, and brought their forces together,it chanced alfo that Spain about the very t 
 lame inflant brake out to a tumultuous infurreftion. . 
 
 AmiccbM being returned to ^^r/W; there to winter, after he had the fummer before brought 
 under his fiibjc6\ion all the Cities belonging to Ptelonxzus., within the country of * Coele-Syrta, 
 was yet never the more at quiet, and mindful ofpeace afterwards. For when he hadaflembleda 
 puiflant power both of L.and and alfo of Sea-forces, and purpofed to employ the whole flrenc'th ' 
 of bis realm, he fent afore by Land in the beginning of the fpring, his two {ons jlrdues ixsd Mi^ 
 rA^;^!/fi with a mighty army, commanding them to attend him at 5W» ; himfelf in perfon fee 
 forth a Voyage by Sea, with a fleet of a hundred fail cA covert fliips with decks and hatches, be- 
 fides two hundred lighter Veffels, as Gallons and Brigantins, purpofing at one time to afl'ay all 
 the Cities in *C/^W.!and ( <fr/^,coaftingalongtheSea hde,v»hich werewithinthe Dominionof w 
 Ptolom<fns : and withal to aid Philip as well with fliipping as fouldiers, for as yet Vklp was not 
 utterly fubdued, nor the war with him brought to a final end. Many brave and worthy exploits 
 cntcrprifed the Rhodians both by Sea and Land, in their loyalty and faithfulnes to the Romans i 
 and for the fafeguard and defence of all the Creekifli Nation. But no one thing fliewed their 
 magnificence more than this, that being nothing terrified at that time with fuch a. World of wars 
 ihreatned againfl them, they few Embafladors to the King,to let him underflandjthat if he failed 
 forward and flayed not his Armado.they would encounter him ac the Bay of TVfp/;^/^ (which is 
 a promontory or Cape oiCiUaa^ renowned forthe ancient league ol the Athenians. / And this 
 they did, not upon any hatred they bare to his perfon, but to impeach him only for comic" to 
 join with Philip, thereby to hinder the Romans in their good courfe of fetting Greece at liberty, N 
 At the fame time yi»fwc/;//; wasbuficdinthefiegeandalTauIt ofCor«««/aw, againfl which he 
 had placed all ordnance and engins of battery : for he was already mafler of the cfties of * Zephy- 
 rittm-, Soli-, * jfphrodiftoi and * Corycus, and having doubled the point of* Anemurium (i. Cape or 
 forland alfo oiCilicia) he had won likewife the City of * ScUms. All thefcjand many other forts 
 of that coaft being yeelded unto him by compofition, either for fear or willingly, without any 
 affault, only Coracefium fhut their gates againft him, and ftaid his progrefs beyond hisexpefta- 
 tion. There the Embaffadors of the Rhodians had audience. And albeit that embaffie was fuch 
 as might have fet a King into a fit of choler and chafed his bloud, yet he tempred his anger, and 
 made anfwer that he would fend his Embafladors to Rhodes, and give them in charge' to renew 
 the ancient rights and privileges as well of his own as of his anceflours with that City and State, q 
 and to will them not to fland in tear of the Kings coming, for that neither they nor any allies of 
 theirs niouldfuflainharmordamagebyhim. For it was no pare ofhis meaning to infrinoe and 
 break the amity which he had with the Romans, as it may appear as well by bis late cmbaflie 
 fent unto them, as alfo by the honorable decrees and anfwers made by the Senit and fent unto 
 him. For it tortured that even then the Embafladors ofKing^A?f/o<r;[iMj were returned from 
 Rome'i having had a friendly audience there, and a gracious difp^atch, according as the time re- 
 quired :
 
 The three and thirtieth Boo\ of T. jLivius. 671 
 
 \ A quired : for as yet the iflbe of the war againft Philip was uncertain- Whiles the Kings Embafla- 
 dors deliveredihefepoincsincheaffemby ottheRhodians, there arrived a poii with news, thac 
 the watt was ended by means oU \ idory atchieved by the Romans againlt Phibp at CynofcephaU. 
 ■ihele tidings being once heard, the Rhodianj pa(t all fear now of l-'htup were of advice to meec 
 Attwshu* at fei with their navy. For they had a fee ond care behdes which they negiefted nor, 
 10 maintain the liberty of thofc allied Cicies pertaining to King Ftoiomy^ againit vvhi^h war was 
 menaced from y:JMt/of/>«f. Some ihey fuccoured with fcndin;^ aide unto them, and others by fore- 
 caft and giving. them warning or the dedgnments and enterpriies of their enemies: whereby 
 they were a cauic, that the C^^umi-, My>.-dit^ they of H.:iic<i>>T.-!ffns and S.imos enjoyed ftill their 
 entire freedom. But needlefs it is for me, to profecnte all the occurrencs and affairs that paffed 
 B in thefe parts, comidcring how li>.:ll have enough to do, and hardly be able ro fet down and 
 go through with thofe that properly concern the Roman war. At the fame time alfo Kin" Theeemmena 
 yifM.'w was brought lick fi'om rhdesio "aq/^mHSy and there departed this world in the feven- dation of King 
 leenth year of his age, when he had reigned ibrty four. This man was beholden to fortune for '^"'''*'*. 
 nothing eh'e but riches th.u might commend him to thehopeofa kingdom. Heemployedihe 
 fame with (uLh wifdome and magnihcence that firit in his own conceit, and afterwards inthc 
 jijdgment of others, he was not thought unworthy to be a King Afterwards when he had van- 
 quilhedin one battel! the Gauls (a national that time newly arriiedin Afia-, and therefore the 
 more dread and terrible ) he took upon him to be (liied Kin;;;, and ever after carried a mind an* 
 fwerable to the grandeur and Majslly of that name. His own fubjeiifshegoverned with hnouUt 
 
 C juHi.e. To his allies he (hewed himlelf mo(! falf and faithfull. His friends he ufed with all kind- 
 ncfs and bounty, A wife and four children he had living when himtclf dier': ar.d left his kinqdom 
 fo Cure and well fetled, that the poffcifion thereof continued fitm to the third dif. cnt and genera- 
 tion after him. 
 
 Whiles things flq.od thus in A[t^,Greecc>, and Macedony., and the war v/ith Phi/ip fcarcely .en- 
 ded, or atleadwife peace not fu.ly concluded, there arofe a mighty war in the Province of .S';)^/» 
 beyond the river //"fT-w;. iW^./Zf/^/w.fat that time was governor there, who by his, letters adverti- 
 fed the Senat, That Colats znd Lftfcirus, two Princes in thole parts, weregoneout, and had 
 taken arms; that with CoIcm there banded feventeen towns, and with Lufcinus theHronc 
 
 . and puifiant Cities Cardo and Bard^; that the whole fea coafl, which hitherto by open re- 
 
 JD volt ibewed not their rebellious heart, would doubtlefs upon the commotion of thofe their 
 neighbours, make likewife an infurreilion together with them. After thefe letters Were reid by 
 j*/.5<'?-^/«jthePrx:or, who had the jurifdiifion between Citizens and aliens, the LL.oftheSe- 
 nat orda.-ned, that aitcr the election of new Frxtors was pair, he to whofe lot the government 
 of S^ain fell, fliould prop.ofc unto the Senat in all convenient fpeed as touchino the war in 
 Spain. 
 
 About that very time the Confuls repaired to^owf ,(trom their Provin:es)who held an affem- 
 b'y of the Senat in the Temple of Bdlona : and when they demanded triumph in r onfideraii- 
 on of their good *'ervii e, and h,ippy exploits in vv,:r atchie\ cd : C.Atsmus Labso and C. tlrfaniw^ 
 
 ; Tribunes of the Commons required, That the Confuls fliould ipeak feverally by them (elves 'con- 
 
 E ceining triumph : for liifter them they would not joyntly to propound thit thing in the houfe,to 
 the end, that equall andlemblable honour fliouid not be con'errcd upon perfons of unlike quali- 
 ty, worth, and defert. And when 4//^i«r/»i interred again and laid, Thac the Province of /fd/» 
 tell unto them both in one commiflion, and Cuo'-fZ/w/leconded h'.ra withail, averring, That he 
 and his companion in government had managed all their attatrs with one mind by common 
 council andadiice.; that the Boians who palTed o\er the river /^oagaind him fortofuccour the 
 Infubrians, and Cxnomans, were forced to turn back again to defend their own, by reafon thac 
 the other Conful his Collegue made fuch walle and,pillagein th^ir fields and villager. The Tri- 
 bunes confefled that ComeUus indeed had atchieved lb worthy exploits in war, that there wasno 
 ; more doubt to be made ot his triumph, ihanof rendring praile and thanks to the immortall 
 
 Fgods: bat neitherhenorany otherCitizenlioodevcratany time in fuch grace, favour, and cre- 
 dit, that having obtained the honour of a triumph for himlelf, he ll-iould impart that glory unto 
 his Collegue and fellowi ir he were fo fhamelefs as to crave it. As for Q^ AityiattHs ( fay theyj^ 
 he made lomefleightskirmiflies with the Ligurians not worth the talking of: maryin Frii»«he 
 lolf a good number of his I'ouldiers. And with that they named TJuzcKtius and C^jc/.-j the bro- 
 ther ot'Laheo, two Colonels of Tribunes of the camp, who wereflain in an unfortunate battel, 
 with many a brave and hardy man befides,as well Citizens as allies. And to conclude,there were 
 iome few towns and villages colourably yielded and rcndicd up for the time, without any afiij- 
 rance and fecurity.Thefe janglings and debates between the Confuls and the Tribunes continued 
 fortwodaies: tnit in the end, the Confuls being overcome with the importunity of the Tri- 
 
 G biines, were content to propofe the matter diflindHy by themfelves. And withthe generall voice 
 and accord ol all, a triumph was decreed for C»/Corw/i«;. The Placentirs alfo and men of Cr?- 
 ruiona^ were a great cuife that this Conful found more favour ; by reafoii that they gave thanks, 
 and reported on his behalt, that they were delivered by his good means from the fiege, yea, and 
 irioUofthem recovered from fervitude out of the hancls of their enemies, (^. ALmtttis haviog 
 Rnly cart a proffer end made an aflay of propofinghis caufe to the Senat, feeing tbem wholly ban- 
 ded and fet againflhLmj faid aloudjThat in maintenance of Conlulat authority, and by vertMeof, 
 
 M m m cbai
 
 ^-j 2, The three and tbirjieth Boo\^ of T. Livius. 
 
 that place,yea,and according to the good examples ofdivers noble and renowned perfonagesjhe K" 
 would triumph, and aske then noleave^in the mount yil'.w. ^\MCn,Corr.dius whiles he wasilill 
 in office triumphed overihe IntubriansandC^ .omans.Hecarriedin pomp before him a number 
 of militnry enl:gns: he caukd great liore of French fpoilaiid pillage to pals in a pageant upon 
 charriccs taken from the enemie-. Many I'^oblemen cf Ernr.ce were led in a fl.evv betore his own 
 triumphant chariot : among whomCai-. I'ome vvrite^ was ^'w;/MrGenerallof the Carthaginians. 
 But above all others, the goodlieli light was, a number of Coloners and inhabitants of Cremona 
 ' In token gnd PUce7itt,t, sv\\o with ' bonecs or caps of liberty on their heads followed his charior. He bare 
 that they were -^^ triumph 237500 Sellerces 7900 Bigats cfhlver coin. He divided among his horfemenfeven- 
 tioinapttvity. ty Ades apee.e^to every horfeman he g'ave double,and to each Centurion irebble lb mvid\.Q^Mi- 
 ;?//r;/^likewire triumphed in moutic^j//'*w over the Ligurians and the BoiansinGW. The ho- I 
 nour of this triumph as it was let's, inregard oftheplaccjand ofthe name that went of hisaftsjas 
 alfobecaufe all men knew full well,that the charges went not out ot the common ChellorCami- 
 ber ofthe City: [o for number of enhgns,of chariots and fpoils gained from the enemies-jc was in 
 manner cqn.il and comparable to the other. And of money he brought well- near as much as C«- 
 nelitt! : for of brais coin he h.id in fliew 2 540O0 Afles, ofhlverccin in Bigat peeces 5 3200. To 
 common rcnldicrs or footmen. to Centurions and horfemen he gate as much as his Coltegue.Af- 
 ter this triumph there was a generail affembly held for the eletUon ot Magiflrats : wherein were 
 created Confui-;, L.F«r/;j/ Purfario.znd ALCIaudtm Mdrcellks. The next day after thefePrxtors 
 werechofen Qj^ahins By.tco^ T .Sew^rcniHi Lonp^us , Q^M.mitius Thcrmus^ Ai,AciltHi Glabrio^L. 
 
 ^fKftn'.s F.lloindC.LaliHS. K 
 
 In the end of that former year? letters came from T. OuiKt:fis v\ith this intelligence, That he 
 had foU:^ht in battell r.'n^cd with King Phi/>p wnhinThffJy, whe^e the army ofthe enemies 
 was de*'e.ne I and put to .-'--nr. Thefe ietrcrs were firH read in theiieuatby ^"fr?/«i thePrxtor, and 
 then by order f om the LL. in the prbakc .^flem'^iy of t!:e people. For ihisjirppy fucceis, it was 
 ordained That there fliouid be foiemn i.roctirions forfivedaies. Shore! y alter iherearrivcd 
 "^ EmbalTadors both from T.jO.-.'/>r/«/,and ah o Ifom the King. The Mj;.edonian FrabalVadors were 
 
 brouoht wichort ihe City to the plate or hamiet called yiHapuL-iuu, where they were appointed 
 their' lodging ri' h prefent-- were given tlxm and aiiovvcd they vvcre the charges icr themfeives 
 ard their train. In theTcmple of Bclh:^.nhc Senat was alVcmbkd, where there pafled not many 
 words by reafonthat t he Macedonians promiled, That the King fliould perform whatioeverthe L 
 Sen u would letdown. So ( according to the ancient i.uHome.ind manner ) there were appoin- 
 ted ten Committees orDelegats, by whore advice and counfell T. Of,t.vtius the Generail, was to 
 prefentand tcrderunto Ph.lip.ankks and conditions otpea^e: provided* thatinthefaidnumber 
 oiDeleoatS; P,Stilpitiusix\d I'.FJerms^owld be compriled byname ; whowhenthey wereCon- 
 iiils"overnedthe Provime of .l/iJrif^ifwr. Thefame day* the CoiVans demanded and mjde iuit> 
 That the number of their Colontrs or inhabitants mighrbe augmented: whereupon an order 
 wasoranted Thst there fliould be a thoufand new enrolled to the former: with this provilb, that 
 in this number none of them fliould be matriculated, who after the Confulfliip of P. Snlp,:ius 
 and P. ViUi-As had been enemies to the people of Rome. The Roman games and plaies were that 
 yearcxhibited as well in the C/rc«/ as upon theSagein the Theatre, by the i£dilesCurnJe£-.Cer- Jjf 
 nclnis ScipoT^vA Cn,M mlimVd^o : whidijas they were fet out with more (iateand magnificence , ; 
 than everbe;ore,fo they were beheld with more joyxontenrment, and pleafure. in regard that ail 
 things fell out io fortundtly in the wars: and they were renewed and reprefenicd all thrice over. 
 As forthe piaies called /VrZ'c/Vithey werefet forth no !efs than fevcn times one alter another. A- 
 c:lii4sGLibr:oU.d C. /.<£/.;..( exhibited thole palHmes: who alio of their (ilver that arofe of fines and 
 forfeitures, cau'cd three call im.iges cfbrafs tobemade, and ercfted them to the honour ofCe- 
 y^KM. re's Lil'er-,zT\d' Ld'cra. 
 
 Now when />. Furius and M. Clandui -Marcelhts were entred into their Magiftracy, and after 
 qiienionmjdei ourerningtheir ProvinceSjthe enat p:. lied a decree, That both of them joynt- 
 ly fliould govern hudji ; they requeued th.u they mightcalt lots for ALicedony and h.nly together. N 
 MarcedKS more delirour, ofthetwain cf the Province of AUccdwiy^ ailedged, that the pe.ce was 
 rot found but counterfeit, pretended, and deceitful!; and that ihe King would take arms and war 
 again, iricafe the army were withdrawn from thence: by which words he put theLL. ofthe Se- 
 nat inioa deepdudy and fu'pcnce,whatto doortoihinkot" ir. And haply the Confuls had ob- 
 tained their rcquel}, hyM\\nK. Q^Aiartius Re.w iridC./hinipis L^.beo, two Tribunes ofthe Com- 
 monsjp'oteiled, ihattbey won:d oppofe themfeives andcrofs it by their negative voice, unlels 
 they tnipht frit prnpole unto the people to knew, Whether their will and plealure was to enter- 
 tain peace with King Philip, or no? This bill being preferred and read in the Capitoll betore the 
 people, was granted, and all the tribes or wards, even fivcarxJ thirty, every one gave their affir- 
 mative voice,^f--!Of^y?/j|/.f.So be it as ye demanded.] And to the end, that allmen mighthave O 
 more caufe to rejoyce that peace was confirmed with y?/^c<'^««/, therecame heavy news out of ^ 
 Sp.wj.iwA letters were divulged abroad.containing thus much, IhitCSempronius Tudttanus ihz 
 Vire-Prrrror in the hither Province of 5p.?/>;, was vanquiflied inbattell, that hisarmy wasdif- 
 lomfiied and put 10 fii;.;ht,nrd divers men of name and mark flain.That Tw^Z/f^j^w/himfelf was car- 
 ried forth of ihcccnfli..'t{»ricvouily wounded, and loon after died. ThePro^ceof/r,?// was af- 
 fighcd for both ih: Conlnls witJi thoie two legions which the former Confuls had in charge^and 
 jr order
 
 Tbe three and thirtieth Boo\ of T. i- i vius. £73 
 
 A order granted, that they flionld levy and enroll four new I'egions, whereof two fliould be fenc 
 whither it pleated the Senat to appoint. And T. Q^mtius TUmininus was commanded to rule his 
 Province rtill with the lame army^and his CommiHion of longer government was renewed. After 
 ihis,the Prxtors calt lots tor the parting of their Provinces. L. ApHftiusi-.do obtained the jurif- 
 ditUon of the Citizens of Rome^ and M. Acv.ms GUbreo was L. Chief J ultice between Citizens 
 and forrainers.^.Frt/vw Bmco had the government ot the bafe or farther S^ain^ and Q^^Mtnutms 
 IhermHS of the higher or hither Sfatii. To C.Ldms fell Stcily^zviA Sardinia to J .Semproyiths Lon- 
 gus. And ordained it was, that unto O. i^.Mm Bmeoy and Q^. Mimtius, to whom the rule of the 
 Provinces in S^a>i befell, the Confiils ihoiild out ot thofe tour legions which they had enrolled 
 deliver one legion apeecc, which they thought good and of alliesand ofthe Latine nation, four 
 
 Bthoufand lootmenbe."des-, and three hnndicd horcmento either of them. And thefe Proctors 
 were enjoyned to go to their t harges with all Ipecd poflible. 
 
 The warin S^ay.i began afrefh,in thehfth aftcrthat the former together with thePunick war 
 was ended. But before that thefe Prsttorswent forth to this \\a, ( which may be counted as it 
 vverenewi inregard that the Spaniards now firti, and never bslore, warred in their own proper 
 name,withoiu either leader or army oi Carthage ) ac.d betore that theConfuIs thcmfelves depar- 
 ted outofcheCity, order was given, thataccoruiligto the old cudome they fliould provide for 
 the prodigious tokens that were reported. L.J«//A/.ras be rodeon hor:'eba',k intotheSabinscoun- 
 try,vvas both liimielfand his horfe under him liru. ken dcd with hthcning. The temple of F^ro- 
 K/.i in thetcrritory of C ap.fja, was likewife imitten and blalfed from heaven. At the Temple of 
 
 C A^foneta^thc Iron headsof two Ipear- were lent to burn on a iighthre.AWoifh?pned to enter in- 
 to the City at the gate Ef^jwltna and tan through the mo(i populous p^rt thereot as ii: as unto the 
 market pla;e_,aiid fo forward to the Tuf,.an (ireet.aiid trom thence through the Me/iam^aad paf- 
 fed forth again at the gate C<j;)-«(« untouched and in manner without taking any harm. 
 
 Thefe prodigious (igns were purged by the facrifices of greater bealt? . At tiie lame time Cn.Cor- 
 r.eiu'.s Lentuliis, who had governed the Province of high Sptim before Titd'tanusj entred the City 
 by order trom the Senat in a kind of triumph, and carried be ore him in pomp 151 5 pound 
 weight of gold; of hlverlikewifcin bullion 20C00 pound weight: and in coin ^45 5odeniers. 
 L.5rf?-f/«//« from the nether 5;>.!i«; brought into the trealury 5 c 000 pound weight of (ilver, and 
 never pretended any hope that he had to obtain atriumph- Moreover,ofthe prizes and fpoiles 
 
 D won from the enemies, hecau'ed two arches to be ereded in the beaft market, even before the 
 Temple of forrww, and thegoddefs Matuta:3X\d onebefidesin the grand Cirque or fhew-place. 
 And upon thefe arches he fetup guilded Statues.Thefe were ail the atfairsjto fpeak of,that pafled 
 this winter-feafon. 
 
 There wintered at that time in hthens Qitintius.hr\d among many other futers that came unto 
 him with their petitions,ihe Boeotians exhibited a requeft, and obtained thefame, to wit, that as 
 m.iny of their nati^.n as had ferved in the wars under Ph:l:pj might be reflored and fent home 
 again unto them : which wa? eafily granted by Qutntius-, not fo m.uch,for that he thought them 
 worthy of that favour, butbecaufehewasto win the love andatfeilions of the States la Greece 
 rnto the Rom m name , now cfpecially that he had fome doubt of King Ayttochus. They were 
 
 E not delivered lo I'non, but fecnit was, how little the Da-oiians would be beholding to him for 
 it. For they fent prefcntly unto Phiiip, and gave him thanks for the rcndring of thofe men, as if 
 they had been delivered by him. and not by Oui»tim and the Romans. And in their next aflem- 
 bly generall for their folemn eleilion, theychofe one B.xrcil'Miox their Boeotarches, or Lord 
 governour oi Bceotm ; tor no other realbn, but becaufe he had been the Colonell of thofe Bcsoii- 
 ans that bare arms for the King: but they pafled by Zf«7;f/)/«,P//?/?rrtr///,and others, that had per- 
 fwaded to make a league with theRomans. This wrought difcontentment in thefe petfons for 
 theprefent,and fear for thetimetocome. Forthus they reafoned with thcmfelves,If they would 
 do thus while the Roman army lay cn:ampcd near to their gates, whatfhould become of them 
 when the Romans were departed into /f<i//, and whiles Phd-.p was fo near at hand to alTilt thofe 
 
 F that fided with him, and to annoy thofe of the adverfe part and fadion? Therefore they corn- 
 plotted ..nd concludcdinthecnd to make away B.ircilUs the head ofthe Kings bend, whiles the 
 Roman forces were at hand. And lb chuhnga convenient and fit opportunity for their purpofe, 
 at what time as he returned homeward drunkfrom a publike folemn tea(},iccompanied with cer- 
 tain pleafant and cffeminat perfons who to makefport and mirth had been at that great feaft ; he 
 was torelaied and befet with fix armed men whereof three were ItaHans,and three yEtolians,3nd 
 fo murdered. His train that attended him ran away, andraifedhue and cry, and called for help. 
 Much trouble and hurly-burly there was throughout the City, much running to and fro with 
 torch-light. But they that did the deed were clciped out at the next gate. In the morning 
 betimes the people in great number afi'embled in the Theater, being called together by the voice 
 
 G of the common Beadle, as if the murderers had been deteded. Openly it was in every mans 
 mouth,that he was killed by his own retinue, eventhofe filthy wanton perfons that he had about 
 him : but fecretly in their minds they deemed Zeufippm the author of the murther. For the pre- 
 fent it was thoughtgood to apprehend them that were in his train, and that they fliould be exa- 
 mined. WhilesVearch was made for them, ZeuftppH^ame forth into the aflembly-with the like 
 intent to avert all fufpition of crime from himfelf, faying, ihatmcn were much deceived to think 
 thatfo horrible and ftrange a murder was committed by fuch weaklings &perlbDsas they were. 
 
 Mmm 2 This
 
 6ji Thetbree and thirtieth Boo\ofT,1umns. 
 
 This be argued and difcourfed by many likelihoods and probabilities to the fame effeftj by which H 
 means fome were verily perfwaded, that ifhimfelt had been guilty of the faft, he would never 
 haveofferedand prelented himfelfin the face oftheaflcmbly,otbroachedany wordsat allofthe 
 murder, efpecially when no man urged him thereto. Others there were again, who made no 
 doubt but by this impudent face,his drift was to prevent an accafationj and to turn away allfuf- 
 piticn from himfelf. The innocent and guiltlefs creatures within a while after being examined up- 
 on the rack and tortured, knowing what was the general opinion and conceit of men^made their 
 ufe of the fame for to bolt out and reveal the fadt ; and fo they named Zeujippns and Pijifirattu 
 for the principals j wichouc any prefumption or light given how they fliould feem lo come to the 
 knowledge of anything. HowbeitZf/.'/;;)pM<aLCompsnied with one Stracomdof) fledbynightto 
 Ta»a?ra, fearing the remorfe and prick of his own confcience more than the appeachingandin- I 
 formation of thofe perlons who neither were party nor privy to any thing.But PififlratHs making 
 no regard of tbefeaccufers-.temained Hill at T/jf^f/. NowhadZfw/J'p/j/^one bondflavej(whofe 
 hand^as in all this aiVion, and had been a courrier between ) whom P/^r^ifMi feared that he 
 would bewray him, and by that very fear caufed him to open and declare the whole matter. He 
 dilpatched therefore his letters unto Zeujifptu, advifinghim to rid that flaveout ofthe way,who 
 was privy totheir dealing; adverti(inghim,that in his conceit he was not fo meet to conceal the 
 thing now done, as he was afitinHrument at the time to execute the fame. The bearer of thefe 
 lette'rs he (Iraightly charged to deliver them unto Zf«/?/)/)«jimmediatly with all fpeed. But he, 
 becaufe he could not fpy a convenient time to meet with him himfelf, gave the letters to the very 
 fame flave Avhom he fuppofed to be moft fall and trully to his Malkr : adding moreover, and fay- K 
 ing, That they came from Pif^finuus unto Zeitfipptis, and imported matter of great confequence. 
 The bond Have promifed to deliver them incontinently, but being touched in confcience, he was 
 fo bold as to break them open; and when he had read them through, he fled back in great fear 
 to r/j.'^fj( where he bewrayed PtfftrctHs.) Zeufipptts troubled in fpirit for the flight of his bond- 
 man, retired himfelf to Athens, fuppohngit aplace of more fecurity to livein, as a baniflied man. 
 As for Pifffiratus, after he had been divers times examined upon the rack,was put to death in the 
 end, Thismurder wondroufly eflranged the Thebans and BcEOtians,and fet their hearts againll the 
 Romans ; infomuch as they hated and detetted them to death,taking great indignation that Zeu- 
 fippti! (z principall and chief perfonage of their nation)had committed fo foul and hainous a faft. 
 To rebell in open terms, they had neither force fufficient to maintain them; nor a principal! head L 
 to direft and lead them. Whereupon they fell to that which is next coufin to plain war,e\ento 
 thieving and robbing by the high waies fide, in fuch fort, as they furprized as well fome fouldiers 
 who lodged near unto them, and were their guefls, as others that wandred and ranged abroad 
 from the garrifon- in wintertime,and travelled about their affairs,who otherwhiles were caught 
 np by the way, and came fliort home. Some paflengers were killed in the port-rode-waies, by 
 thofe that lay in wait for them in notorious thievifli corners : ethers were trained and led de- 
 ceitfully through by-lanes into defert places, there to take up their innes and lodging, and then 
 were murdred. At length they plaid thefe pranks not only of malice unto them ,bnt alfo forgree- 
 dy delire of booty and fpoil, by reafon that commonly thefe waifaring men went about their 
 rradeand merch.irdife,and therefore had fome charge about thcm,andcarried filver in their belts, m 
 Now when as at firft there were fome out of the way, and every day more than other many men 
 > Strtmwm. mifiing-and no man knew what was become of them, all * Bceotia began to have an ill name^ and 
 ^ the fouldiers were more affraid to travell there, than in the enemies country. Then Qumiui 
 lent certain Embafl^dors to all theCities for to make complaint ol thefe robberies andenormi- 
 Lm (iivo. 'ies. Many footmen there were found dead about the mear or lake* _C«>p<«;;f, where their carkaf- 
 les were raked forth ofthe mud and mire, and drawn out ofthe ftanding water, tied and faflned 
 as they were to heavy (1 ones or fome great vcflels, that by their poife they might be clunged, and 
 fink to'the bottom. Many fuch like outrages were found to have been committed at Acrephea 
 .-iud Coro^iea.QuifittHs at the firtt demanded to have the offenders delivered unto him)and for five 
 hundred fouldiers ( for fo many were caught up by the way and murdred J he enjoyned the Boeo- N 
 lians to make payment of five hundred talents of filver. But the Cities would do neither the one 
 nor the ether : only they paid with bare words, and excufed ihemfelves in that nothing had been 
 done by publike warrant or counfellfrom theState.Whereupon the EmbalTadors were fent to ^- 
 //jiwand in-o Achai,xo makeproteftationunto their allies, that they would purfue the Baoti- 
 ans with open wariupon good ground and juft canfe offered. And fo after he had given command- 
 ment unto P. ClifudiHs to go unto Acntphea with one part of his forces, himfelf with the other fee 
 him down -ibout Coroneayand planted fiege untoit. But firft the territory was laid wafte, all the 
 way as the two armies marched from Efatia'm divers quartcrs.The Boeotians plagued with thefe 
 loffes and calamities,!"eeing nothing but fear and flight in every placCjfent their Embafladors unto 
 him: but v\hentheycould not be admitted intothecamp, the Achsans and the Athenians were O 
 fain to come with them. The Achaeans were of gre3tercredit,to entreat in their behalf: for unlefs 
 they might obtain pardon and peace for the Boeotians, they determined alfo to enter intothe 
 quarrel, and to make war themfelves. By whofe mediation the BcEOtians had icce(s unto the Ro- 
 man Cknerall, and audience granted. Who after • I'cy vvere enjoyned re deliver npthe offenders 
 and malefadtorsto Ju(Hce,and to pay thirty talectsfor amends and fatisfaftion, obtained peace: 
 and fo thefiege was raifed. 
 
 After
 
 The three and thirtieth Boa^ of T. Li vitjs. £jt' 
 
 A After fome few daies,thc ten Delegats or Committees from A' me were ?.rri vcd, by vvhofe ad- 
 vice and counfell peace was articled and capitulated with King P/j/7)/>,upon ti-.efe condirioos ; /m- 
 ;»r/>K/>,That all the Greek Cities,as well in EuropeisinAi., ihould enjo; cheir liberty, and live 
 under their own laws, frem^ That Ph/hp fhould withdraw hi, g rrifons c -t ot as njsny oithctn 
 as had been in fubjeftion underhim. Lem, Thac he do tl.e like by thof ,vhich wer^- in A/^,to 
 \\\t,EHror?ios,Pedafic,B.irgylla^Ijjfus-,Myri!i.i, hhydas^ i I aj] t;s.vd Pirir.thns: ail v.hii.h.thello- 
 manj required to befree. As concerning the liberty ind t'rfcdom ot the Cyani^ it was co> naf ted> 
 That Qjsiiiti::s fho'jid write his letters to Vrntiai the King o. ijith^ nians, ^^iving him t ) under- 
 Hand the advice and plealure of the Senat,and the ten Dclegits a;. >rcUid. A. ,;;, 1 hat Vhii-p ren- 
 der all theprilbners and fugitive traitors to the Roman-; and yicid up al: the covered fhipswith 
 g hatches : and over and be/ides, one hnge royail Galliace or Argoley , wb'cii by reaion of the ex- 
 ceeding bignefs was unweildy and oflitde ulc, and vvas diret'.tod with nxteen banks of osrs on a. 
 fide./ftfw,That hcfliould not have above five hundred men in irms,nor one Elephant at alL/zi-w, 
 That he fhould not war (but by leave and permiifion ot the Scnat ) without the marches oi Ma- 
 cedony. /rfw,That he pay unto the people of Sow^ athoufand talents, the one half in hand, and 
 the otherat ten payments, withinthe term oftenyears. /^''i^i/^r;«jA>.'fr<w wtitcthmoreover^ that 
 there was impofed upon him a tribute of four thoufand pound weight oflilvcryearly/or ten years: 
 and belidesjtwenty thoufand pound weight prefently.Thef.ime author faich, chat exprelly it was 
 capitulated, that /'/i,7/;i lliould nor war at all with Eumen'.n\\c fon of Att.ilm, who vvas newly 
 come to the crown. For theaffurance of chefe covenants, there were received hofiages, and a- 
 C mongft them Demetrim King PhiUphh fon. Viileritu Anttiu hath written moreover, that the 
 Illand ty£i^tnai and certain Elephants were given in pure gift to Attains \x\ hisabfence: r.ndthat 
 upon the Rhodians was beftowed Str.ifot3icea,a. City in r<e'-.'<^with other Cities alfo which Phi- 
 lip had polfeffed. To conclude, that the Athenians received of free gift thefe Ifies following to 
 wit, ParosJnii>ros,Delos^:ind Scjros. 
 
 When all the States of Greece approved and thought well of this peace, only the /Etoliansfe- 
 iretly muttered &: found fault with this order fet down by ten Delegats abovefaid:giving outjthac 
 they werebutbare letters and vain words, fliadowed with a counterfeit apparance of liberty. For 
 to what endjfay they, fhould fome Cities be delivered to the Romans, and thofe not named ? o- 
 thers again be named, and yet order taken, that they without delivery fliould be free ? but only 
 D for this purpofe,that thofe Cities which arc in .^//J^/ fhould be fet free,becaufe they be far otf and 
 therefore in more fatety ; but thofe that are in Greece, being not precifely named , fhould be fei- 
 fed upon by them to v/\i,CoriKth,Cl.h!lci},znd Oream,vi'nh EretriaSj and Demetrias. And to fay a 
 truth, this finding fault of theirs was not altogether frivolous, and without occafion given: foe 
 fome doubt there wiS o{ Cori>7thiChi:/cis, znd Dcwctnas : becaufe in the orderandad oftheSe- 
 nit, by vertue whereof thofe ten Delegats aforefaid were fent from the City, all other Cities of 
 Aftt 'ind of Greece were doubtlefs in plain terms freed: but as touching thefetbree before na- 
 med, the Deleg:.ts had incommilfionto take order, asthcy fhould fee it Rand with the good of 
 the Common-wealth, according to their own judgment and difcretion, and the truft that was 
 committed unto them. For we.l they wi(^ that King Aftiocbus would pafs over into f/zrapf, fo 
 Efoon a, ever he coil d bring his affairs about to his mind, and unwilling they were on any hand, 
 that thefe Cities fo commodious for his deligns, fliould lie open and ready to his hand for to feize 
 upon at his pleafure. So Quint iw together with the ten Delegus failed from EUtiaio Anticyra^ 
 and from thente to Conr.th^ where they held their Councill and confulted of their affairs. Qrun- 
 r;«/ would very often fay unto them That all Gre:ce might be delivered and fet at liberty, if they 
 could retrain the tongues ofthe jEtoliins: if they were willing that their good afFeilion fliould 
 be deemed fin.ere, and the majelly of the Roman name maintained among all: finally, if they 
 would pretend and m jke it known abroad, that they wcrepaflcd the feas to let Greece free, and 
 not after they had (liaken off the feignory o^ Philip. io tranflateit unco themfelve?. The other a- 
 gain contradiiled nothing as touching the liberty of thofe Cities : howbeit, they made remon- 
 F Urance, that it was the fafer ccurfe for them, to remain awhile under the protection and fafegard 
 of the Romans than that inflead of Pl?ilp they fliould re^ei^ c A^mocl.'us for their Lord. In con- 
 clulion decreed it was, That Cor/^f/j fliould be rendred to thex^cha'ans, but yet fo, that there 
 fliould be a Roman garrifon in the highcll quarter of the City called kcrocorinthtts. Ittm^ That 
 Ch.-lcis and Demctruts fhould be retained (till, untill fuch time as they were no more in fear and 
 doubt of Awf/'o^/jw.f, 
 
 Now approached the ordinary folemnity of the Ifthmian games, unto which at all times ufu- 
 ally there was great recouri'eof people, as well in regard ot thenatunlldifpolitionot thatnati- 
 on (defirous to fee fuch fporcs and pallimes, wherein was reprefcnted the criall of mafleries in all 
 kind of arts, in all feats either of mere llrength,or of agility and nimblenefs of thebody^ as alfo 
 G in refpe(^otthecommodious feat of the place: whereunto from all parts of Greece they repaired 
 thither by two diver'^ and fundry feas. But being amufed inexpedtition to know what the efiue 
 of Greedy "nd what their own partiLular condit'ion woald be hereafter, divers men not only de- 
 vifed fecretly with themfelves, bu: alio gave out and whifpered in their fpeech and talk. Well, 
 th? Romans were fet to behold this folemnity : and the publike Crier with a trumpetter went 
 forth inco the midft of the Cirque or fliew-place, from whence the manner was to proclaime the 
 fporcs and games aforefaid in a folemn fet form of words : and after he had by found of trumpet 
 
 Mmm 3 m-Az
 
 ($76 The three and thirtieth Bool^ of T. Livius. 
 
 made filence,he pronounced with a loud vice in this manner," Be it known unto all men,that the H 
 *' Senat of Rome, and T.QHintim the (Jeneralof their army, having vanquifhed King Philtf and 
 *' the Macedonians,do ordain.ihat the Corinthians, the Phocenfians,and the Locrenfians, be all 
 " free,and delivered frow all taxes whatfoeverjand to live according to their own laws./r(?w,Thac 
 *'the Irte Euhttit^ the Magnerians,Theflalians,Perrh3EbianS;Acheans,andPhthiotsdo enjoy the 
 "like freedom and immunity. And confequently herehearfed all the nations which had been in 
 " fubjedlion to Philif. Upon this proclamation of the beadle there was fuch joy, that men were 
 not abletoconceiveand comprehend it. Every mancould hardlybeleeve that he had heard the 
 thincj which he fo wifhed and delired afore to hear : one looked upon another wondring at the 
 mattetjas if it had been a vtin vilion or illufion of fome dream:and well they crufted not their own 
 ears in bearing that w hich particularly concerned every one,but enquired ot them that Rood next j 
 unto them. The Crier was called back again: fuch a defire had each one not only to hear the glad * 
 tidinos,but alfo to behold the happy meflenger of this their liberty : and no remedy there was,buc 
 once a^ain he murt publi(h and pronounce the fame. Now when their joy was once confirmed, 
 they fet up fuch a fliont,and followed it fo with clapping of hands, redoubling the fame fo often, 
 as evidently it appeared, how there is noearthly good in the world morepleafing and welcome 
 unto a multitude than is liberty. After this,the games wereperformed in fuch haHe, that neither 
 the mind of any man was bent to intend,nor the eye bufied to behold the fight thereof, fo wholly 
 had that one joy poffeffed them and foreftalled the fence of all other pleafures and delights. But 
 when the paftimes were once ended, they all in manner ran apace to the Roman Generail, in fuch 
 fort,that hisperfon was in fome danger of the multitude, crowding fo hard upon him alone, for K 
 defire they had to come unto him,to touch his right hand, and to caR garlands of flowers and la- 
 bels of fundry colours upon him: but being a man faft upon three and thirty years of age, both 
 thevioourof youth, and alfo the joy that hetookfor the accompliflimenc of fo glorious an ait, 
 afforded him lirengih enough to abide thepref?of thepeople.Thisgladnefsofallmen lliewed it 
 felf not only for iheprefent, but continued alfo for many daiesfpace, entertairednot only in 
 thankful minds,but expreffedalfo in joyful difcourfes: namely," That there was one nation yet in 
 " the world,which at their proper cofl and charges, with their own pain and perill made war for 
 *' the freedom of others : who afforded this favour and pleal'ure not to the neighbours andbor- 
 " berersonly,or to thofe that were joyned near to them in the continent and firm land,but paf- 
 " fed over the leas ; to the end, that throughout the whole world there fhould be no unjufl; and L 
 •' tyrannical) government, but in all places, right, re afon, and law, might prevail mofl and carry 
 *'greateflfway.Lo, how by the only voice of one Beadle all the Cities oiGreeceznd ylfiazvckt 
 " f ree.To conceive and enterprife fo great a thing proceedeth from a brave mind and noble heart: 
 " but to efieft the fame is a fingular vertue and rare felicity. 
 
 This donc,^'/;?«/«^ and the ten Delegatsgave audience to the embsflages ofdivers Kings and 
 Princes,Nations and States. And firft of all others were the Embafladors of King j^mtochHs cal- 
 led in ; who ufed the famefpeech in manner that they had at Rome, vaming great words without 
 ;:ny oronnd and fubllance of credit. Butanfwer was returned unto them.not covertly by way of 
 (ircumdanccas aforetime ( when Philif wisonhot and things Hood doubtful! )but openly in 
 plain terms. /wp<w«3-,That ^^f/oc/i««mufl quit and abandon ail the Cities of ^/7<», which belon- ^j 
 ged at any time either to King Thili-poxY^mgPtolorKeits.Item, That he meddle not with any tree 
 Ciry or State, and efpecially with thofe of GV^-fc^r: but above all, warned he was and forbidden, 
 either to pafs over himl'elf, or tofen d any forces moEurcfe. Afterthe Kings Embaffidors were 
 licenfed to depart, all the nations and flates had a general! felTion and meeting together, which 
 was the fooner difpatched, for that in thedccreesot the ten Delegats all the Cities and States 
 werepronounced by name. Unto the Oreflians ( a people in Maccdo«y ) for that they revolted 
 firlt from the King,iheir own lands and priviledges were reftored.The Magnefians, the Perrhxbi- 
 ans andDolopians were likewife declared free. Unto the people of 7 Vi^y/^^r/j' over and above the 
 grant of their liberty, the Phthiotian Achians were annexed, excepting the City ot Thebes in 
 Fhthiaind Pharfaltu. As for the jEtoiians who required, that according to covenant Pharfalm N 
 ?nd LrnrAs fhoiild berendred unto them, they were put over unto the Senat. But they awarded 
 them the Phocenfcs and Locreni'es, with other appurtenances adjoyned before by vertue of the 
 decree. Corrr7th,Triphli'it.3nd Hcrea (which alfo is a City ot Peloponnefns ) were rendred unto the 
 A'.hx.in^. Moreover, thefe ten Delegats gave Orettm and Ercivia unco £fime>ies ihe (on ot Ana' 
 ////but by rea'on that Q^tiiititts would net agreethereto, the matter was referred over to the Se- 
 nar tor to be decided : and the Senat granted treedom unto thel'e Cities, together with Carifinf. 
 * clavon't: Unto P/e r,\ztu! were freely given Liyign! and /"rfrf/jf^/wi , '.vhich were two naiions in * Htyriatm, 
 and had been both fiibjeft to Phthp. It was ordained alfo, that ^ff;/;/^-;.-^.-;- fhould hold thofe 
 Callles flill, which during the wars he had won from Phil.p. When the aflbmbly was uiifolvcd, 
 the ten Delegats hav ingdivided between themlelves their feverall charges .departed every man to O 
 fet free the Cities of their particular regions and quarters. P.Lentalusto BargyWA, L. Stertinhis to 
 Jfepl'^flr/t, Thitff'r(',3ud other Cities of Tbra^/a ; P. filltH; and L. Teremins toward King A^/tio' 
 chus; and C;/. Cor j.y/.v/j- toward Philip. Unto whom aftcrCo>'»."///« had declared his Commirtion 
 con erning tome fmal.'er matters,and vvithall demanded of him,Whether heconld with patience 
 abidetohear' ounfell not only profitable unto himfeirbut alio neceflary ? The King made anfwer 
 ap:;,in and faid^ That he would not only give him the hearing, but alfo yield him thanks beiides, 
 
 in 
 
 I
 
 The three and thirtieth Boo\ of T. l^ivius, 677 
 
 A io cafe he would deliver ought unto him for his good. Whereupon IBpprfwaded him earnettlvj 
 that toralmuch as he had obtained peace already,he ftiouid fenJ hisEmbafladors to Romf ^to crave 
 league alfo and amity: to the endjthat MAnuochm began to Qir,he might not be thought to have 
 attended and waited for fome occafions and opportunities to make war. [ This conterence and 
 communication with Philtpvusit Tempe\nThefa'y.'\ And whenheanlwcred, Thn: he would 
 immediatly dilpatch his Embafladors. Cornelius came to ThermopyU,vjhexc a lolemn Diet and al- 
 i'embly of all Gff f tc is wont to be held iiponcertain fet daies, and thither refort grijicnumb. rs of 
 people. Which meeting is cal cd PyLi:c-'.m : where he adviled the ^Etolian.? efpe.ially to periever 
 conllant and faithfull in the amity of the people of iJowe.Some of the principal! .Ctolians Teemed 
 10 complain between whiles, that the Romans were rot lb wellaffedcd to theirnation after vi- 
 Ijdory, as they were in time of the war: but others, more fharplyblimed and reproached them, 
 yea5and upbraided them with this, That /'^///)?touldnot have been vanquiflied.no.nor the Ro- ' 
 mans ever able fo much astopafsoverintoGrffcf, without the help of the i£coiians, CorKcliiiS 
 forbaie to make anfwer again to thofe points, for fear of t.inher wrangling and alternation; and 
 promifed, that if they feni to Rome they lliould obtain ar , thing that was reafon. Whereupon by 
 his advice and approbation there were deputed Embaffadors. This wastheillueandend of the 
 war with Phdtp. 
 
 Whiles thefe affairs thus ^A^idinGrcece^Mitcedoyiyiittd Afia^ all Tufc.v,i'm manner was gone 
 out and rifen up in arms.by occalion of a confpiracy of bondllaves.For to enquire into thefe trou- 
 bles and to reprefs the fame,there was fent M.Acil/us a Prxzot( who had the ci\ill juriJdiilion 
 C between Citizens and aliens)with one of the two legions of Roman Citizens, Some of them^who 
 were already aflembled together and grown to an head, he overcame in fight : of whom many 
 wereflain,and many taken prifoners. Others he fcourgedand round trniVed up, hanging them on 
 gybbets,evenas many as were the principall and chief of the conlpiracy : and otheis there were 
 whom he fent home again to their Matters. 
 
 Now the Confuls were gone into their Provinces. Afarccllns fo foonas he was entred into 
 the marches of the fio»/,and had over-wearied his fouldiers with mjr.hing all day long, fate hitn 
 down upon a certain rifing of a hill, and there as he was encamping himfcltand hismen, Corola- 
 wwaPrinceorgreat Lord of the /Jo;<,with a mighty power afliiledand charged him, and flew 
 upon three thoufand of his men. In which fudden and tumultuary skirmifh, certain brave men 
 D of mark were flain ; among whom were T.Sempronius Gr.iccbus^ and "'^'i .J:t::ius S)!{a>iusi\so Co- 
 lonels of the allies : alfo A. 0(>i'yuu! and V. Claudius two Knight Marflials or Tribunes ofthe fe- 
 cond legion. Howbeit the Romans (Irongly fortified their tents and defended them valiantly, 
 which the enemies upon their fortunatvi6fory had long aflailed tonoeffcd. And in the fame 
 Handing camp he continued certain daies,whiles he cured his fouldiers of their woundS)and reco- 
 vered their hearts after fo great a fright. Thei'^.'i/' as they are a nation that of all thing:^ cannot 
 endure any tedious delay of time J difperfedthemfelvcs into their towns and forts. Then Mar- 
 «.7wprefently crolTed the Po and led hisarmyinto the territory of Comnm^ where the Infubri- 
 ans lay encamped after they had follicited and caufed thofe of * Comum to take arm=.The legions * comu 
 made no more ado, but gave them battell in the very way : and at the firft encounter the enemies 
 t charged themfo hotly that they forced the forefront ofthe battell to give ground. Which when 
 ^/<i^cf//«/ perceived, fearinglelt being omedifcovered they fl)0uld be repulfed and difcomfited, 
 be made a cohort of Marlianvtomake head ; and at oncefet forth all the troops of theLatinc 
 Cavalry jgainit them. Their hrli raid fecond charge both, mightily impeached and quailed the 
 enemy, advancing forward luiiily and prctTing upon them in great fury : whereby thereffof the 
 Roman army taking hearr again and beii;g encouraged, at the firll received them manfully and 
 made refiffance only, but afterwards followed fiercely upon them: infomuch as the Gauls'were 
 able no longer to abide their violence,but turned their backs,took them to their heels, and ran a- 
 way by heaps, rtilenns Amia4 wr'nah, that in this battell there were forty thoufand men flain 
 andabove,five hundred and feven military enfigns tnken.with 452 chariots: befidcs manychains 
 F of gold, whereof CLutdnts prcfented one ( very mallie above therelf and of great weight ) unto 
 y«/)/ff(-, vvhichwashungup within the Temple intheCapitoll,as hewntctb. The fame day was 
 the Camp oftheCauls forced and r^nfatkt, and the town of Comttm alfo within few daies taken 
 by aflault. Upon this there were eight and twenty boroughs or forts that fell away and revolted 
 totheConful. But the Hilloriographers agree not upon this. Whether the Conful led his forces 
 againflthe Infubriansfirlf, ortheBoians; and whether he rafed out thedifhonourofa former 
 foil ard defeat by afortunatc vidory in this battell: or tontrariwile, alter aptofperoustlght at- 
 chieved before Comum ^ he blotted and defaced the fame with a fhamefull overthrow received at 
 the Boians hand. 
 
 During this variable and alternative fortune, L, Vurp.'ino the other Confnl, marched into 
 G the Boians Coinnry through the tribe S.-.fpinta. And when he was approa^ hod near to a Caftle 
 called " Mutilum, he feared left he fliould beenclofed and inrcrwCptedby thcBoiansand Ligu- tj^f^tUhm, 
 rians: whereupon he recired with his forces the fame way that became, and fen hingagreatcom- TiUnAo,Maji, 
 pafs about through the open country in fafety and fecurity, he came at length to his Collegue. •'"•Leandro. 
 Who having joynedboth their powers together, fitll ranged over the Boians territories, wa- 
 iling and [polling untill they came as far as * rdfina. This Town with other ftrong burroughs »gf^^,„^ 
 and forts, and in a manner all the Boians yielded themfelvesi favc only thtir youth, who were
 
 6j8 
 
 The three and thirtieth Bool^ of T. Livius. 
 
 * IfmyryLcMn 
 rljvio. 
 "Lfffcl^'.Lz 
 iinclsvio. 
 
 * Epb,fo. 
 
 * Mtucos. 
 
 * Hexim I. So- 
 caJtiojNiido, 
 
 up in arms to pill and (pft, and were at that time retired unto the forrefls and glins out of the H 
 way. After this the army marched toward the Ligurians. The Boians making full account to affail 
 the Roman army at uniwares, which marched without good regard of themfeives, and not dole 
 tcether (for that their enemies feemed to be far off ) followed after through the blind and co- 
 vert forrelis. But when they faw that they could not overtake them^they fuddenly all at once paf- 
 fedover the Po'in fmallbothoms and punts, and aftertheyhadfpoiled and pilled the Levians and 
 LibuanS)as they returned from thence with a booty raifed out of the country, they chanced in the 
 urmolt fronciresofLi^??<n<«,to light upon the army of the Romans in their march. Sooner and 
 with more esgeiDefs fell they to hght, than if they had appointed both time and place, and been 
 prepared aforehand to fttike a battell. There it well appeared, of what force anger is to prick on 
 and fliarpen mens Ipirits to conflift. For the Romans more greedy of murder and bloudflied, j 
 than of vidtory. fought fo, as they fcarceleft the enemies one meflenger to carry the news oftheir 
 unhappy overt hrow.In regard of thefe exploits, upon the Confuls letters brought to Romf,otdsii- 
 nedit was,ihatiherefhouidbea folemnprocefTion .nd thankfgiving totbegcd>fcr three daies. 
 Shortly after Marcellnsciimsio Rome, unto whom was granted a triumph with great ccnfent of 
 thelX. oftheSenat; and whiles he was in his Magillracy he triumphed over the Infubrians and 
 Comians, leaving for bisCollegue good hope likewife of a triumph, becaufchimfeif(' tofaya 
 truth jin that nition fought but unfortunately,whereas his Collegue fpcd well cnough,and had a 
 lucky hand.Much fpoil of the enemies was carried in a pomp, upon the Chariots that were taken 
 and won trom them, Manyenfigns and banners wereborninafhewjbefidesinmoneyito the va- 
 lue of 32ocooaffesofbrafscoin ; and 2 54ocobigatepeeces of filver.The footmen had Sooafles K 
 oiven them apeece. every horfeman and centurion had thrice as much. 
 
 The fameyear King A^zf/oc/jrt^, whiles he kept his winter at £p^<r/«f, aflaied to reduce all the 
 Cities and States ol 5/^ unto the ancient form of government and fubjection, afluringhimfelf, 
 that the relt would not be hard to be fubdued and brought under,becaufe the tovvns were either 
 fituateupon plains;0r nothing well fortified with walls,and not furnifhed with men and munitl- 
 . on. As for * Smyrf/und * Lamff.'.cus^ the) flood upon their freedom.^and challenged it.Doubted 
 it was, and grest danger, that ifhefhould let them go clear away fo, fome Cities in jx^oAv and 
 Ionia would take atftr Smyrna-, and others in Hellejpo»tus follow the example of Lampf.:cus. 
 Therefore both himfelffcnt from ' Ephcfus to lay fiege unto Smyrna^ and gave commandment, 
 That the forces which wereat A^;<^b/ ( leaving only a fmallgarrifon behind ) fliould be lead to L 
 the fiege and affault of L^mpfarus. And yet he threatned and terrified them not lo much with 
 forces and violence, but alTaied them ratherby fair means, fending to them his Embafladors, lo 
 as, partly by flattering and gentle words wherewith he entertained them, and partly by mild re- 
 prooffortheir rafhnefs and obftinicy, he endeavoured to put them in fome hope, that fliortly 
 they (hould have whatfoever they dehred : and then, both theythemfelves, and all others (bould 
 evidently fee, that they had obtained their liberty by the efpeciall grace and favour of the King, 
 cndnot ufurpcdandgaineditby occafion of fome advantage and opportunity. Tothistbeyan- 
 fvvered agiin, Thar A'?f.W.'«/ ought neither to mar\ell> nor be offended and difpleafed at them. if 
 theycouidnot wel endure the hopev^hich they had of freedom thus to be deferred from time to 
 time.Then he departing from Epbefas in the beginning of the fpring failed unto Helklpoyittts with m 
 his fleet.His land forces he tran'ported over to ' Madytos a City in Cherfom^efas-,2t\d joyned them 
 to his ftrength by fea. And becaufe they (hut the gates upon him, he environed the town with 
 armed men, and when he was at the point to give the aflaulc, and to bend his engins of battery 
 againft the walls it was furrendred into his hands.Upon the like fear the Inhabitants alfo of other 
 Cities in Chcrfon>ie[its yielded themfeives. After this he came to * Lyfimacbia with his whole 
 power.aswellof land-fou'.diersasfea-fervitors. And finding it abandoned, ruinat, and lying ^ as 
 it were )along,(forbut few years before the Thracians had forced, facked, and burnt it } be had a 
 great defire to rear and fet upright again th t noble and famous City, feared in fogood and com- 
 modious a place. And therefore he took great care, and employed all his endeavour to re-edifie 
 the walls, to re-build the edifices, to redeem and ranfom the Lyfimachians that were in flave- N 
 ry, tofeekouta'lthofe that were difperfed over //i?(7e,^»»f«/ and C/jf^/ow^f/^-T, and gather them 
 together.yea and to enroll new inhabitantsupon hope of gain and profit, and by all means poflr- 
 ble to ftore and people the City again. And withall, becaufe he would eafe them of the fear they 
 hadoftheThracians, he went inperfon with theonehalf of his land-forces to wafte and fpoil 
 the confines oi Thrace-, the other part with all the fea-fouldiers and mariners he left hard at work 
 about the repairing of the City. 
 
 About this time as L.ComeliHs ( being fent by the Senat to compofe thecontroverfies and va- 
 riance between the two Kings, A»r<Wj»/ and Ptolornetts) abode at Sdymbria '■> fo of the ten Com- 
 milfioners abovefaid, P.Le-^tultisde\>ineditomBar^ylU. P. rilt/usand L. TcreHtiashomThajfus., 
 and arrived all three 3X. Lyfimacbia : where L. Cor-W;^; likewife met them from Selymbri.i ; ^nd O 
 a few daies after King A>;f;«c/;«/. being newly returned out of Thacta.Tht firft meeting and falu- 
 tation between him and the Commiffioners was friendly and courteons, yea, and there pafled to 
 and fro afterwards divers amiable kindneffes and loving entertainments mutually. But when they 
 entred once to pari of their CommilTion thitthey had in charge, andoftheprefentStsteof hfta, 
 then there was fretting and fuming and theirbloud up. The Roman Agents ftuck not to tell him 
 to his face,that all that hehad done.fmce he took the fea and departed with his fleet out oi Syria. 
 
 was
 
 The three and thirtieth Boo\ of T. -Li viu s. 670 
 
 A was difpleifant unto the Senat/aying, " That they thought it meet, that all cheCicies fliould be 
 '' reftoted unto King Ptolomeus, which had been under his dominion. Fox as touching thofe 
 "towns, which romecime P^///;) had been pofl'efled of, and whii.h ^»f/ocAwhad liirprized and 
 *' feized upon,taking his time and vantage, when Pht//p was employed another way in the Ro- 
 " man wars, it wasnorcal'on, norathing tokrable, that the Romans Oioiild for fo many years 
 " fpace,by land and Tea endure fo great coii>and hazard fuch perils;and I'uffer Ant!oc!)Us in the end 
 "togo away with the fruit and reward of all the fervice. But fet thecafejthat the Remans would 
 " take no knowledge of his coming into Aft a, as a matter impertinent unto them ; can ibcy dif- 
 ''•fembleallbjthat now he is come over into £«)-o^f with all his forces both for land and rea,and 
 '■ little wanteth of making open war upon the Romans ? Mary, as for him, he will not let to deny 
 B " thit he levieth any war, although he were arrived and landed in Ita'y. To thefe challenges the 
 " King mideanfwer, snd faid, That he faw well enough and knew betore^that the Romans were 
 " inquiiitive and curious enough to fearch what King Ai-.tioihus ought to d0;but they re; cr once 
 " thought of their own felves, how farforth they lliould by right proceed, a"; well by land «sby 
 '' fca.As for AfA,it appertained not at all to the people of Rome,ntiihet had they more reafcn to 
 " enquire what A»ttochiis did in A/l.t^ihin A>Jtiochits to kanh into the actions of the people of 
 " ^9Wtf in /n./y.As concerning P/o/i)»;r«/,from whom they complain. thjt he hud taken certain Ci- 
 " liesJhe did themto underHand that there wasamicy between him and PtJomcus-.zr.d they were 
 '■■ now in tcrmi of knitting themfelvcs Hiortly in nearer bonds oi alliance and affinity. Neither 
 "foughthethefpoilofP/;////j,and to enrich himfelfby his adverfityand misfortone : or paffed o- 
 C ' ver into Ewr^p^ sgainit th;; Roman:; ' » * , * But when he was vsnquinicdome, all that e- Somewhic 
 " ver he had,by right and law of war, became the pofielfions of ^f/.-w-w/jandio conieqi)ently(3S "'".""S *" ^"^^ 
 "•betook it ) appertained unto him. Andduringthe time, that his progenitors and predeceflors, "'"'* 
 •' were bufied and troubled with other affairs, hrft Piotomcuscitzhcd a: fome things, and Philip 
 *' after at other, and fo between them iheyufnrped and feized upon other mens polfcltions, and 
 "namely,of certain places near and hard by in Thaci.i, which without all controveiiie belonged 
 ''unto Lyjimttcht4s, Forto reduce which into their ancientState, he was thither come, and now 
 " was in hand to re-edifie !<?/;/»<•.-/;;.? anew. lately defiroyed by the violence oftheThracians, to 
 "the end, that Sdencushis (on might hold it as the royal! feat of his kingdom. Thus as they con- 
 tinued arguing and debating for certain dales. there ran a rumor, but without any certain author, 
 D that King Piolomcus wis dead : whereupon they could grow to no concluhon of all their parlies: 
 yet they made lemblan.c on both f.desjthat they heard nothing thereof. And as well L.Cornelius^ 
 who was fent in Embafiage to both the Kings, Antiaclms and Pfo/owe;</,requefted refpite of fome 
 fmall time to confer with fio!omeiis,to the end that himfelf might be arrived in t/£jf;pf, before any 
 alteration were made in thenewpoffdTion of that kingdom: as alio ^^fwc/jw made reckoning, 
 that (y£ppt would be his. if this good occafionthen were prefenred unto him. Therefore having 
 difmilVed theRomans,3nd left hi.; fon.s\-/«/r:.'/r behind him with all the land-forces,fortofinini 
 the building again o{Lyfim.v:hia which he had begun, himfelf with nil his fleet failed to Ephefus: 
 and having fent his Embaffadors to jy//;;;(;«; to treat loberly about a league and amity he coafled 
 along Aj'?*! and fo arrived in * Lycia. Ar\d when he heard tor certain at * Vat^irsihinVtoiomcus was *Brkquui Gi- 
 E yet living he gave over his purpofe offailinginto t/€?;;);:5etnevcrthexrshefli3ped his courfe& rav*. 
 fet fail lor Cyprus: and when he had doubled the point oiCheLdoninm-, he flaid awhile in * Vam- * ^''".'|«- 
 phyliA about the river * E.'/r^wf^^^.by occafion of a mutiny among the mariner.^ S; oar-men.From of^tie N'"''h'^* 
 thence he weighed anchcr.andwhenhe was failed as far as a plaie called [;The heads of the river part Is called 
 " S.irus I there arofea guRand feartu! tempefl, wherein he had like to have been call away and cxrammi,inA 
 drowned with all his fleet. Many of his fliips were run agroHnd,?c many of them fwallo wed up of 'hefcft5c«wrf9- 
 ihe fea,fo as there efcapcd not one of them by fwimming to land. Anumber of men there perilhed, * 2*""*fe''Th' 
 not ol'bafe mariner^ only, and un^-^nown common fculdiers but alfoof his near and fpcaal friends, vc o." * 
 Having rallied thedifpctiedreliquesofthisfhipwrack, feeing he had no means and was not able 'Sangro, 
 to feach and giinCjprwj, he returned a^^ain to Selcnctn-, with an army nothing fo puiflant nor fo 
 F well furnilhed, as when he fet out in his voyage. There he commanded his fiiips to be haled a- 
 Und,3nd laid up in their docks (for winter now approached) C-c himfelf took his journey to * A«- • AnilechU, 
 tiochia.ihcK tolyeall that wintertime. And inthefe terms flood the affairs of the Kings. Utt'o.Alepfo. 
 
 At i^5»;(,', there were full inflitutcd in this year three Triumvirs called £;j;</o»ff, to wit, C.L/W- ViUcnovano* 
 nius LuchILisi T.Roniuleius (who was the man that put up the bill for their creation) and P.Por- 
 ry«;/-.'rr<j.Andbyalaw in that behalf ordained, thefe Triumvirs were alio wed as welis a Bilhop, 
 the long embrodercd robe of purple. But in this year great debate & variance there was between 
 the Queflors or Treai'urcrs of the City Q^b'abitisLabeo & L. hureliHs of the one fide and all the 
 Priells on the other iide.Thefe treafurers wereat fome fault for mony,becauIe they were minded 
 and appointed to m.ike the lafl payment unto certain privat p^rfons, for the loan-iilver which 
 G they had disburfed for the wars : the'e monies the Treafurers demanded of the Augurs and Bi- ^ 
 
 fhops to furnifli out the faid paiment ; for that during the wars, they only had not been contri- 
 buters in any levy.The Prielf .> appealed to the Tribunes and called for their la wfuU favour : but all 
 was in vain, and I'o they were forced to fatisfie all the arrerages for the years patl, wherein tbey 
 had paid nothing. This year there died two Bifliops,and new were inftalled in their rooms. /!</■. 
 Ai-frcellHsi\-\t Conful entred in place of T.Sempronius Titditawti. who deceafed Praetor in Spain i 
 and LV^kriHs inftead of M. Cornelias Cethegus. Q^. PAbiHs M«\imi*s alfo an Augur died a very 
 
 , young
 
 ^8q The three and thirtieth Bool^ of T. Livius. 
 
 yount' man,before he had born any office of State : but for that year there was not fubftituted a H 
 new Augur in his room. 
 
 MiQtthiSfM.Marcelim the Confulhcld the folemn aflembly for the election of Confuls.And 
 Confuls were created L.rrf/m«jf/^c-c«i) and M. Fortius Ccte. Then were the Prxtorschofen, 
 namely, C. F abrtems Lu[ctnus-,Cn.Atimas Lahee,C.ManltusF'o/fo,Ap.ClaudiKS Nero.P.Maiilius, 
 and P.Porcius Lecca. Ihe jEdilesofthechair J^. F«/w« A^e^.//»r, and C.f/<J»;<'»>«j divided a- 
 mon" the people loococoModii of wheat,attwoafies aModius.This Hore of corn had the Si- 
 cilians brouoht to Komejor the honour o^.C.FlAminhts and his father.And Flami:::::s was content 
 that his companionin office fhouid reap afuU part ofthe thanks for this gratuity. The games cal- 
 led Roman were exhibited in moft fumptuous mai-iner,and thrice reprelented all over again. The 
 iEdiies of the Commons C».D9w/>/w v^noharbus, and C.Sempro^ius-. who alfo w&s the high Pa- I 
 rifh-Priell.,and Soperintendent,calledCw«<? Max.calkd in queliion many of the City Bailifts that 
 oathered their rentsfor paflures,judicially to anfwerupon their accounts beforethe people.Thres 
 of them were condemned, and oftheirfilver raifed upon their fines, they built the Temple cfF.i«- 
 ««/ in thelfland. The Plebeian plaies were renewed for two daieSjand a folemn publike feafl was 
 celebrated in regard of them. 
 
 The fame day thuL.ya'eriHs FlaccHS&nd M.Porcius enzied their office, theypropofed unto 
 the Sena t concerning the government of the Provinces. And order was given by the LL. of the 
 Councill^that forafmuch as the war increafed fo in Spai», as required not only a Confuiar army, 
 but a Conful alfo for the Leader ; the Confuls (hould either agree between themfelves for the go- 
 vernment of the two Provincesjto wit.the hither Spain, and Ita/j-, or elfe to caft lots therefore : K 
 thathe whofehapic was to rule Spairt^ (hov\d have with him two legions, fivethoufandLatine 
 allies, and five hundred horfe; and likewife to have the condud of a fleet of twenty gallies of 
 war: that the other Conful fhould levy and enroll two legions ; whith were thought fufficienc 
 to defend and keep FrMce in obedience,conhdering the courages of the Infubrians and £o/;,were 
 well cooled and abated the lail year. C/roby lothad the charge of i';7^/>?, zxidVnleriHsoi Italy, 
 Then the Praetors caft lots for their Provinces. To C. Fabricius LttfcinuslcW the jurifdidion over 
 the Citizens of Rome: toC. ^f««/WLrt^foovertheflrangers. C. Marlins Volfo governed Sicily^ 
 , .f and ApjClaudias Nero the farther Spain. M.Porcius Lecca was affigned to rule * Pifa, to the end 
 
 he might be upon the back oftheLigurians,and P,i^-«x//«j was appointed as an affilhnt and co- 
 ad jutor to the Conful in the higher Spa^n. As for T. Qitintius-, his Commiffion was renewed for L 
 one yearlonger,in regard that not only Aatioclms and the .-Etolians, but alfo A']^^^ the Lacede- 
 monian Tyrant,weredoubted and fufpeiSted not to ftand found tothe Romans; andfor him were 
 fet out two legions : andif need were of any fupply to make up the companies thereof,the Con- 
 fuls were enjoyned to enroll new fouldiers,and to fend them over inio Afacedony. Alio Appias 
 C/.Wj/^x had a warrant to take up 20C0 foot, and two hundred horfe,over and above that legion 
 which Q^Fabias had. The like number of frefti horfe and foot was appointed for P. MmUus to 
 be fent into the higher 5p^;«: and the fame legion was granted unto him, which wascomman- 
 ded by Mi>:utins the Praetor. Moreover, P. T'orci^is Lecca was to have the leading of two hun- 
 dred tootmenand fifty horfe,drawn out of the Gauls army, for to lie in H(truria about Pifa.Lstt 
 of alljin Siirdiyii.i P. SetnfroniHs Loughs continued ftill in place of command. Thus the Provinces M 
 being diHributed, the Confuls before they departed out of the City, by advice and ccunfell of the 
 Bifhops performed thefolemnity of thefacred Spring which was vowed before by the PrstorC. 
 Cor7ielius MarnffjuL^ACcoidmg to the mind of theSenat and the good liking of the peop!e,inthe 
 ytiiv/henC».Serv!lius and Cn.FlamitiiHs were Confuls : and fo it was celebrated one and twenty 
 years after it was firft vowed. Much about this time was C. Claudius Pulcher-,i\\s. fon of j4ppiusj 
 eleited Augur,and invefledin that Sacerdotall dignity, in the place of ^F^^/,vy /^/<j.v/?»«/,who 
 diedthe year before. 
 
 When as men began now to marvell that there was fo little account made of the war begun al- 
 ready in 5'/).f/,;,there were letters brought from Qjl^iymtius with news,That he had fought a for- 
 tunate field before the town of 7Kr^.^,with Badares and Befafides .tvio Spanifh Generals and great N 
 commanders : that he had flain twelve thoufand enemies,taken Budares the Generall himfelf pri- ! 
 foner and that thereft weie difcomfitedand put to flight. Upon the reading of thefe letters, lefs 
 fear there was of Sp^in^'ivom whence they looked for sreat wars. 
 
 After the return of the ten Delegats or Commiffioners abovefaid, all the care was, and 
 no talk elfe but zhovLi Antiochus and hisaffair.>. Thefe men) after they had declared firll how 
 their proceeding went with King Philip-, and upon what conditions they had j?,ranted peace, 
 informed and gave them to underftand, " That there was as great a war behind from A»tiocfnis : 
 "thathe had pafled over the feas into £«rof? with a mighty Armado, and .ispuiffant an army 
 "for land fervice; and had not been averted another way by a vain hope to invade ^ndfeize 
 " upon txE^j'/if , which he conceived of a vainer bruit and rumor of /'/o/c;;/ his death, all Gr^r? O 
 " would have been anon on a light fire,and up in arms. For the very j£tolians themfekes, a na- 
 '' tion naturally of an unquiet fpirit, and incenfed hefides againft the Romans, v\ ould not have 
 '' fit ftill and been in reft. Moreover, there vvasanother malady and mifchiefas dangerous.Jetled 
 " as it were within the ribs & in the veryhe.irt of Greece : to wit,A/>i^«-,the tyrant ;. t this prefent 
 " of theLacedxmoniansonly,butfhortly,if he may be let alone, of all Greece:- who ^br avarice 
 '' and cruelty is equall to all the famous and noted tyrants that ever were: and if he be fuffered to 
 
 « poffefs
 
 J he three and thirtieth Bool\^ of T. L i vius. £8i 
 
 A "poflefs himfelfof Ar^os-, and to hold it as aforcrefs to command all Pciopu»»rfnSf when the 
 "Roman armies (lull be once tranlported home again into i7<i.>, inuich, (7ffr,f may make 
 " fmali boaii of being delivered from Phdip: for this they lluil be lure ot .uleafr, if of nothing 
 "cb'cto have a near- neighbour tyrant, inHead ofa King far off, for to be their Lord andimr^'ri- 
 '• oully to command them. The aniient Senators, hearing ihefe inieliigcnLes from grave peifons 
 ofgood quality , and who made report of ail things noc by hearlay,hucupon their or ii know- 
 ledge, were ot advice and refolved to have a good eje and regard with ali fpeed unto A;Uiocf.ius, 
 tonhdering the King was pafled already ipto Syri'!, whatloever theon-anon was. Biu as tou- 
 ching the Tyrant, after they had dilputed and debated the matter longiicne, Whether they had 
 lufti^ient canie alreaily to determine upon fpme f nail conclmicn, or fnculd refer un:o the wif- 
 jj dome and judgement of 7". Q^y.Ktius the managing of ihofe affairs, therein to pro.eed and do 
 according as he fliould deem it good and expedient lor the Common- wealth ; inline, they per- 
 mitted him to life his own difcretion concerning the Lacedimonian Tyrant: fuppoling that 
 the matter was not of likh weight and conlequence a*s to concern the main Hate of ihcweal- 
 publike fo matterially, whether it were haRened or protta6ted; but rather it behoved them to 
 be advii'ed and conhder well, what A«a/^<?/ard the Carthaginians would dc, if haply the war 
 •with htitiochm were begun and once atoot. They [ aCurtlaie ] that lided witli the adverfe fa- 
 ilion of A««'/'.7/,liad fentdivers and fundry letters unto theprincipallLL.at Rome:,G\e:y onepri- 
 vatly to his friends to this effe>;1:,That there palled meifcngers and letters kom Kimda'Ao hut ia- 
 clms^ and that tliere were tmbaifadors again that lecretlycamcfrom the King to him. And like 
 C as there be ibme beaRs fo wild and fivagc as never can be tamed ; fo the courage and fpirit of 
 Sfiatman wasfuch- as might not polTibly be dulced or appealed. For he daily complained thac 
 the City languillied and grew feeble with idlenels, and by fitting (fill and doing nothing, was o- 
 vergrown as it were with mofs, and unpolVib.e it was to raifc and llir it up but vvith found of :r- 
 inourand weapons.Thele adkertifemencs carried likelihood ofiruth and good credit with tlum, 
 inregard of the late war,fo frefh in memory, vvhich healone began lirfUand managed to thelaft. 
 Over and befides, he had provoked by a late adt of his, many great and mighty perfonagcs, who 
 Jvt their hearts againll him. The order and degree ot- Judges at that time bare ".liier" fwayand 
 fovcraign authority in G;r.'/;.;?f: in this refpe.rt principally, lor thatthe (amejucig-:s wereper- 
 pctujil. The goods, the honour and reputation, yca^ and the life of every man lay in their 
 D hands. He that diipleafed one of thstbeuvh, war Arc to have all the reft his enemies and to 
 , be upon him : and there never wanted one promoter or other to carry tales and give informa- 
 tion to thefe judges againll a man, it they law them ill atiected once and bentagainll one. Du- 
 ring the time of this imperious and tyrat^picall rule of theirs, ( br as their power was exceeding 
 sllmeafiirc, fo ihey bare themfeUes-.berein asontragioufly beyond the limitsof civility) it was 
 A;;//^/.-?' his hap to be Prxtor ; and by vertue ot his place he lent for one of the treasurers to 
 come before him : but he made no reckoning of his authority, and reiufed to obey .- for the faid 
 treafurer was one of the contrary f.de ; and becaufe from the degrees of thofe treafurersthey 
 mounted prefcntly into the higheli order of the judges, tlnrefore he carried vvith him an hauty 
 mind already, in regard ot the'high room that he was lliortiy o (lep ir;Co. K'r.i.hal you may be 
 E Inre took this as a great difgrace and indignity to bis perfon, and therefore he fent a purfevanc 
 orferjeanc to attach the body of the Treafurer aforefaid: and prcfencly calling the people to a 
 cenerail ancmbiy, he commanded him there to be prel'eutcd = where he accuied and blamed the 
 party liim'elf, no more than the whole order and degree of the Jiidges: through wh'Tc info- 
 lent pride and exccfli.e power, both laws and MagiHrats were nothing regarded but trodden un- 
 der foot. And perceiving that thefe words of his ti;klcdthe itching ears ot the people, confide- 
 ling .lifothat thtir proud dem.e^nor prejudiced the liberty of thcmcaneft perlons .• immeci.itl' 
 hcpublill/ed a law, and got it cna^'fed, That thofe judged fiiould ')e ':hofen every year and that 
 thenceforth one and the fame man might not be a judge two years together. Butlook how 
 tr.u.h than* he had at the Commons hands for ihi[sa<':t, fomu.ii he offended rninyof thegrerc 
 F men and principals ofthcCity. Ar.other thing beudeshedid, whereby hepur^hafed to himlclt 
 the ill will of fome private perfons, in tcndring the common good ol the wcal-publike. The fi- 
 nances and revenues of theSta!e,partly, through negligence wentto decay, and p.^rt!y, were flu- 
 red out in dividends between fome certain of the head Citizens ind Magiikats: and more than 
 iha t, the m.oney >vhich by way of tribute was to be paid yearly unto the Romans, was too flvorc 
 and not to be found: jind it appeared, that a fore levy would be impofed upon private perfons 
 flio'rc'y to make thefe piyments out of their own purfes. A'jwi.i/,after he had caft np thebooks, 
 andmadeanedimateand juliabllra^: how muuh the rents and revenuesof the City amounted 
 nnto.as well from cufloms by fes as land, and to what u es they were employed ; and perceiving 
 thereby v^hat wa^s defrayed in the ordinary charges of the State, and what went a wrong way ,ana 
 G WAS averred by tiiefe iheevesto their own felves, he pronounced aloud in open audience of the 
 Whole.aflembly That the arrerages H-iould beg,ithered up and brought into the common Cheft: 
 and fo privat perfons might be dif.hargcd and eafed of their impofitions of tribute, and the 
 Conamon-wealth would be rich enough and able to perform and furni.Oi out the monies due 
 to the people of Roni.\ And as he thus laid, fo he was ss good as his word, and executed it ac- 
 (jordihgly. Then the e caterpiller-;, who for certsin yeirs lived by robbery of the commrn 
 trcafu^'re andfcd upon the I'ruits of the City, fared fpiijhtfully agiinft Amibalj as if be had dene 
 
 them
 
 ~ I — .-■■ .I.---! 
 
 <58 1 Tbe three and thirtieth BooJ^ of T. Livius. 
 
 them-reatwrono in taking theu own goo<fs from them, and not proceeded in jtattice to wrett ^ 
 out oftheit hards their rtoln fubllancci-ai* in grc-ic malice and biitetnels .ealednot to provoke 
 aoainrt ^»,.j:a'itic Romans,who were ready enough of ihemielves to pick lome quarrellto tiim, 
 to feek occahon of haired, and to find ann hole in bis coat, S,,pw yifncu^ni for a long time gave 
 the deafearnmo them, andminikedihecourle: for he fuppoled it was not for the honour ana 
 majefty of the people of A'owf ro fubfcribeumo thofe in: put a i.ons charged cpcn X^wt'-^MO en- 
 tertain the fpij^ht nud hatred ot men, and to interefs and infert publike auihonty wuhinthcpxi- 
 vai fadions cf^he Carthaginians ; and not to be content to have vanquilLed ^»wi^.-i/ in \var, 
 unlets they alfo took upon them the perlons of accufcrs,and preferred a ilanderous libell & bill of 
 inditement, and I'wnre thereto ^;7/<«w/-rt. But at length they wrought and bronght about, that 
 Embafladors fl^ou.d be fentto Carthage, who in the benac there might charge Anr.ikd categon- j 
 cally,with plotting and prailifmgwith Aytiochtti iot to wage war againlf them. Andthelethree 
 wereaddreffed to°this tmbafhe, C. Scrvilitts-, M. Claudius M^cellus, and 5. Tcro.tittsCrit^oi 
 who beino arrived there,caufed it tobe given out to as many as fliould demand the caufe ot their 
 comin<',(a^r,d all by iniiiuftionfrom the adverfaries of ^w/j/Z-.i/^that their errand was to compofe 
 and enSthe debates between A'/afMif^'Kins, otthe Numidians,and the Carthaginians. This was 
 commonly div ulged and beleeved for truth. But ^nr.-.hal found them Hraight and fmelt this jug- 
 linf^, and was not ignorant that he was the only man that the Romans fliot at, and howfoever 
 peace was granted to the Carthaginians, yet they continued anendlefsand inexpiable war with 
 him alone liiil. Wheteupon he relolved to tram.ehimfelftogiveplace to the time and yield unto 
 fortune.And being furnifhed aforehand with all things requifitto take his flight, when he had of K 
 purpofe all the day long fliewed himfclf in the publike place ot aflembly very formally, to turn by 
 all fufpirion of his intended relolution, fo loon as it began to be dark night, in his Citizens gown 
 as he went a 1 day, and attended in the Hall, he gate him forth lir.iight to the City gate, accompa- 
 nied only with twoperfons,3nd ihofenot privy at all to hispurpo;e and delignment. And having 
 found his horles ready in the place appointed , he mounted and rode apace that night untill he 
 was come to a certain quarter of the territory of Voca ■ and by the next morning, he pafled be- 
 tween ^n//-«and Thaffw-, and recovered a tower or fort ot his own; where he was imbarked 
 in a fliip ready rioged and appointed with fail and ozr to take fea and away. Thus departed ^»- 
 nibdoMi of ^jfr/!:;^, lamenting more often the hard hap and calamity of his tountry, than ofhis : 
 own friends and kins', oik. And the lan^.t day he fell with the \^iT\dLercina: where the Caitha- L 
 oinians found in the rode certain hulks charged vvith merchahdilc: and when at hiscoming a- 
 ftioreout of his fhip, iherecame many running toward himfor toialureand welcome him thi- 
 ther, he charoed his own company, that if any asked concerning him, they fhould make anfwer. 
 That he went upon an Embaflage to Tyrm : but fearing letf any of their barks fhould difanchor 
 that nic'hi,aDd make report at Thapfts or Jcylld that he wasfeen in Cercim : he caufed a beaft to 
 be killed for facrihi-e, and invited the Maflers of the (hips and all the Merchants to fupper; and 
 therewith commanded all the fails and crols faii-yards to be had out of the veflels-to makethere- 
 ofalargepavillion. that they might fit in the (hade at their fupper: for that,asitfeIlout, it was 
 then midfummer. And as the time and fuch provifion as they had, would giveleave, befetouta - 
 fe:ft and banket ; he fpared for no wine, and continued the merriment far within night. Then M 
 AynibtU, fo foon as he could efpy his timefor to deceive thofe that were in the harbor, weighed 
 anchor. The reft were falf afleep; and w hen the next day they awoke and rouzed themfelves,with 
 their drunken and drou7y no!s ( and far forth day it was, andlate ere they arofe) they were fain 
 to fpendfomehours in fitting their oars again in their right places, and the tackling of the fhips in 
 good order. 
 
 In this while, at Cartk\^s the ordinary multitude that ufed to frequent the houfe of ^«»/W>.' 
 repairedastheir manner was to his gate-houfe: and when it was voiced abroad, that he was not 
 to be found, all the company gathered together in the market place-, feeking and euquiringforthe 
 princ'.pall and chitfperfonage of their City. iSome gave out(as the truth was)that he was fled :o- 
 iher faid plainly, that he was murdered and made away through the falrtioodand villany of the N 
 Romans; and this they ni>.ked not loavonch. There might a man have feen lundry and divers 
 countenances ( as itfarcth commonly in Cities where there is fidingand parts-taking) as each one 
 isaffe£tedtohisovvnpartyandfaftion. At laR,news came that he was feen at Cfrcw^.The Ro- 
 man Embaifadors having upon audience given, declared in the Senat of C<j(-tA4g-i?,that the LLof 
 their Scnat had ce: tain intelligence that both aforetimCsKing Philip was by ^»»;^rf/efpecially fol- 
 licited and fet on to make vv:.r with tie people of Romcl and alfo now there hath been letters and 
 meffengers with credence fcnt from him to King Antiochtts\ and that hewould never reft untill 
 he had fet all the world together in arms: and therefore if the Carthaginians were defirous to 
 content and fatisfie theRo'nans, they fliouldnnt fuffer th.efepartsofhisto efcape unpunifhed: 
 then the Carthaginians made anfwer, and faid, Thatnothinpof aB this pafled by publike councill Q 
 orconfentorallowanreof thcState, howbeit they would be willing to do whatfoever the Ro- 
 mans thought tobe reafon. 
 
 A«w/'.!/this while had a boon voyage, and with a merry gale of wind arrived at 7)'>-«x,wberc 
 he was received of iheTyrians,the firlf founders of Cfr/Z^^i^ejas if he had been in anothet coun* 
 try of his own : received he was, I fay, and entertained with all kind of honour, bcfeeminga man 
 fo famous and renowned. After hehadfojoumed there fome few daies, he failed t©A'»f»<'c^* 
 
 wbew
 
 The four and thirtieth Bool^of T. Li vius. 689 
 
 B 
 
 where nnderlUndirg thacthe King himfelt" was already departed from thence, herep-iired tohis 
 fon, anJ tonterred wich him.is he was fctting out an ye.iny I'olemQicy of gamesand p aie'^neer 
 D.iphnc, an J bcinj;fO')rreouny alio by him imtcated.I.e madeno(hy,biit tofliip-bojic' 'tid Sea 
 ag^in. Mid iC Ep':fn< overtook the king, whom he tound floating and wavering (till in his 
 mind and nnrelolved what to do as touching the Roman war. But this coming of ^/w?;//*/, was 
 nf) fmall poi eto turn the b.ilian e, and to move him to enter into the enterprife thercot. The 
 yEtoliins likewifc at the lame time- were elUjngcd and ahcnated inatfcitiion from the R^^ma j 
 lengn;;.indlodcty, whofe EmhaiV.idors den; ending to have Pi ar alum and Lc/t^m again, with o- 
 therCiries, accoidingto the tenor and form ofthef.rlt lejgue,tlieSenat turned over and rtfer- 
 rcd ro Quif.tiui. 
 
 i he lour and ihirtieth Book 
 Of the Hijlorici ofT, Livius of Psidu^, Jromthe foundation of the 
 
 City of Rome. 
 
 The Breviary ot L. FUms upon the four and thirtieth Book. 
 
 Q I H All' Oppia p ofou:.drd,iHd enale.-il/yC.O'f'fim^ tTr:bnnnf cheCommon^i>Jt!oetir»e nfthc 
 M. l',.ii c\w.^T,fjr rhc .{hfidg'rig .i»drej}r.tr,ir oftoi cxrffs tn ivowe>7t .ippar, ly.vM afer much vari- 
 ance and deb Jit c rt pealed nonvithl! aiding that Porcius Cato Lhoured to t he contr.iry that it miirht net 
 he .Jbolnhi.d. 7 hii Cato wade a ijoi.ige late Spain, and i'y farce of arms ( biginninq^ firf} to war iit Em- 
 pf iix^ brought the hirh:r province /Sp^in o>7thts (id':VotttWSto qi4ietnefi. T. Qi^imtius FlamininilS 
 levied rvar a^nirjt the Lictdemonin^i and Nabis their tyra>ity i/i which he (pedfortftnatly^ andfopre- 
 V iLdit' at h- made an e»d iherf'^f, granted thcnt p'ace to his own ^ood likjnr a'7d plf.ifre. delivered 
 Argo<, ti':fi f t It free, wi/ich wus l-'eftre in fubietlmnto the tyra-^t . The Senat the i, andnever before., 
 bthild t. e pii'^lirli g'imet a'idp i/limesby th'/nf/vet-, apa>'t from rherejl of thr people • H^'ich to br:ng 
 a' out Se\..'£iins Pxtus <?WL.Con-'cHus Ceibcon<i the Cenfon.fet t>3 foot .indmtermcdl'^dtheti^'fhes., 
 '0 the rr- at fdgi-itioi aid d'jtont'nime. t of the Commons. More colonies were pla/ited with Rom '.n 
 Lit z,'ns. M.Por^itis Cato fr/A^w^'vi^oT/c;- Spain. 1 he wars a/fo which fortunatly tpereatchieved a~ 
 gif i/i the Hon >i»d the French I >, fibres are here recorded, T. Qjlintius FlamininUS, w/w A<i(i •y.^w- 
 (^(/'/^f^Phiiip K.tr.g of the Af^tcrdontMS a^dNibis the tyrant of the Lacedemonians. yea^and freed all 
 Gree efrom their opp -effion^ for thefe many and noble exploits^ rod': tn triumph three dales together, 
 Th^Carthagi .i-ii i:.mh.t[j\,dors brought vnord^ that hnri\hi\whowMfltd unto hnivochxiS, banded 
 with hi >» aid combined to w.ike war, Annibal had be fides ajfaied by means of one Arifto a Tyrian(fent 
 as a courier wiih credence or.ly ar.d no letters^ to CiIlh3S,c) for to move and follicite the Carthaginians 
 to rebellion, 
 
 E The four and thirtieth Bgo\ of T. Livius. 
 
 BE ween the tronbkfome cares of great wars whi<.h either were not fully ended, orac 
 h.indrcidy to lugin.t! creh ipncdan occurrcn e, whii.h in it I'elf being but a fmall mat- 
 tir to !'pe.ik of, and of little regard ; conhdciingthc hdes and part-taking about it, grew to 
 a m'ghty head and contention in the end. A/. Fundanim and L. KaLnus Tribuns of the 
 Commo.n> pr^-tlrred a bill unto the people touching the abrogation of the Law Oppia. Y or C,Op- 
 f ;ii afortiiT) e en wh.nthe /'oni k war was at the hotteft, and whiles i'.Frfixjiand T.Semp^-o- 
 n-Ms were Confu s had prnmu'ged a * t itute, by venue whereof, No woman of what degree fo- 
 e cr mi^h; either ha .c in Ornament-; and Jewels aboiehah an ounce weight ofgold, nor wear 
 F ny liibiiimcnts wrought ot undfylolour^, nor yet ride in Coat h within the City of j"Jowr, or 
 anv ot!>er Town nor nee er than a miie fiomihen eunlefs it were uponoccafion offome folemn 
 te ;lr or pu^li.k fa, ri.ice. Now t/.J mms Brums, and P. 'J:i;:ius BnJus, both Tribuns likcwifc of 
 II e Common"; iTond ■.ndc;en eanJ miin:enin.eoFthe faid law Opp:t, and affirmed plainly they 
 would not fuffer it to he .mulled. Many a nobleman was fcen in this quarrcb lome Ipakc for the 
 Lnv and others g.;ir- aid it. The Capitol was full ort" people, either taking part and favourii g 
 i! e cau'c, ore! e oppofmg themiel.ei,and urging ihecontrary. The very dames of theCitythetn- 
 i"i I es tou'.d neihtr '-y peif.vafonand advi e, nor by any reverent and womanly regard, nor yet 
 b; iheexprelsand lb, o'lUte commandment of their husbands be kept within dores ; but do what 
 tl'.ey conld they befpread alltheftreetsof theCity.,bc'et and kept all the waies into the common 
 G ':'la.e, hefee bing and entreating their husband a? they pa fled by and went down thither to per- 
 mit andgivc their lonf nc, Ihat feeingthe goodcdatc of the Common-weal now flouriflieti, 
 ntJthe private wealth ofeierymanen.rea'ed daily, their w'ves alfoand matrons might be al- 
 Ic wed toha-etheiran ient ornaments and giy attire again. The number of thefe women grew 
 C-. CTy day more (hen other ff.rnow thcv floiked alfoout of theTown;;,VilIages and other places 
 o 're ort in t'lc country and fiiewed cbemfeivcs at /?--;vf. Infomrib as they took he.nt at length, 
 ai J were fo boli a to tn.oun cr theConfuls, thePrctors,and other Magillrats, reqtiefting and 
 
 Nnn be-
 
 684 The four and thirtieth Bool^ ofT. Livius. 
 
 * icmaes. 
 
 K 
 
 befeeching their favour, to ftand with them, and forward the caufe. But as for one of the Con- 
 
 fols, MarcM Pordta Catohy name, they could not with all their praiers entreat himtoendinc 
 
 unto their fnit : who in the maintenance of the laid la w,and that it might not be rev oked/pake io 
 
 The Oration the frequent affembly of the people to this effed. ';' My Mafters and citizens oi Rome, If every 
 
 iiiM.PartlM .«' one of us had fully refolved and purpofed withhimfelf to hold his own, and ke^p therightful 
 
 ctto, in main.,« auchority and preheminen.ethac he hath over his own wife, lefs ado and trouble we (hould 
 
 UmOfpia. ' ' " have had with them all together at this day. Now having given them the head at home fo 
 
 *• much, that thecurflnefs and fhrev^drels of women hath conquered our liberty and freehold 
 
 *' there ; behold, here alfo in publitk place it is troden down and trampled urdeifoot: andbe- 
 
 ' caufe we were not able every man to rule his own in feveral, now we Hand in fear and dread 
 
 *' them ail in general. Certainly, Imyfelfthought everuncilnow,thatitwasbutafeined fable j 
 
 " and devifed talc that went of a certain ' liland, wherein by a confpiracy Oi- womenjall the men 
 
 '* were murdered every one, and that fex utterly madeaway and rooted out. But well Ifee now, 
 
 ** be they creatures never fo weakjfo filly and teeblejet them once have their meetings,theircoQ- 
 
 '' venticies and fecret contetcnccs, they will Work mifchiet in the higheft degree, and be as dan- 
 
 '' gcrous as any other. And I'urely for mine own part, I cannot relolve in mine own confcience 
 
 " and determine whether of the twain be worfe ; the thing I me^n in it felf,or the precedent ex- 
 
 " amp'e and confcqucnce thereof, confidering the manner how it is handled. Of which two, the 
 
 " onetoui-heth us that areConfuls and therell of themagilitats.the other concerneth you rather 
 
 "my mailers and citizens of ^owf. Asforthe maitcr in quelHon, and propofed unto you, whe- 
 
 " iher it be good and expedient for the weal-publiik or no, thairedeth in you to determine and 
 
 " judge,who are to give yoijr voices and fuffrages. But this feditious ihfurred^ion here, of wo- 
 
 " men^be it of them!elves,cr procured by your motion and inlligaiion,/!^. Fundanim 5c Ly^ien- 
 
 "wj.nodoubtit argucth and implietha greacdefault intheMagillrat';, antfl wot not whethci it 
 
 "- will be a fouler blot and dillionour to yon that are Trlbuns,than to us Conluls. Yours vviii t he 
 
 " blame be if ye have brought women now to railcard llir up tribiiniiious fedit ions ; and errs 
 
 " the flinmejf we needs mult admit and accept of l.uvs, whether we will or no lor tear of a com- 
 
 *' motion and fep3r.iiion of our women,as fometimes we were iorced to do by the departure ancf 
 
 *' infurreilionofourCommons.-lafiiireyuu formineown i"elf,whenl pafTed erewhile into this 
 
 " common-place through the prefs and throng of thefe women, I was abafhed Sccould not chufe 
 
 " but blufli. And had I not been more refpeflive of the reputation, the honour and reverence of ^ 
 
 *' fomein particular thanofthemall together,becaufcit flionld not bethought Jcfaid, that they 
 
 " had been checked and taken up by the Conl"ul;I would have faid unto them, What new fafhiori 
 
 " is this good wives, to run gadding abroad into the open flteets, to befet the paflageSjand to af- 
 
 *'front,yeaj and hang upon otherwomcnshusb?ndsasyedo? What? could ye not every one ac 
 
 *' home have dealt with your own good-men in thee aule, 3rdcra\ed their help? orcanyefpeak , 
 
 '^ fair and flatter bctter.can ye be more plcalant and affable abroad in iheTo wn,than within your 
 
 " houfes ? or make Io\ e to other men, rather then to your own Iiusbands ? And yet to fpeak up- 
 
 *' rightly, if wives were ofthat modelly and womanly carriage, as to keep themfelves within the 
 
 **■ compafs and bounds oft heir own hberty.and pals no fjtther;it were not befitting you I wot.fo 
 
 *' much as at home ro trouble your felves about outlaws here, ncr tobufy your brains, to know 
 
 " either what new Statins palled ,or what old were cafl'ed. Our anceH ors in old time would not, M 
 
 " that women in any v\ile lliould difpofe fo much as of their own privat matters without thead- 
 
 " vice and diredirn of a Govei nor and Overfeer : and therefore in great wifedom they ordained, 
 
 '' that they fliould be ordred and ruled. by their parents,by their brethren by their husbands.Bnt 
 
 " we (and God will)cnn abide them to intermeddle in ftate-matters,to govern the weal-publick, 
 
 '' cocomcrfe with us in the common place, inpublickaflembliesand courts of parhaaaent. For 
 
 " whatell"edotheynowinihellreets,in thetrofs waies& ataill avcnues,bnt-,fomeofthem give 
 
 " their voyces that the bills of the Tribuns maypafs and others advife and be of opinion,thactbc 
 
 " law Oppta may be rcpea!ed?Let this outrageous & unreafonable nature of theirs have the head; 
 
 " let thcfe unruly creatures and nntamed animals have their wil and bridle them notjfeethen how ^ 
 
 '' of themfelves they w 11 keep a mean andmeafure in their licentioufnes,unlel's you curb them oc 
 
 '■ holdihem in, Tufli.this is the leaif matter of all that difpleafeth thefe women:therearea 1000 
 
 " things befidcs that they think hardly of, and aredifcontentcd to beheld unto by old cuftomes 
 
 '• and politive laws. Liberty in all things;nay to fpeak more truly,a loofe and diffolute licentiouf- 
 
 '' ncs.is the very thing they long after and defire. For go they away deer with this once,what is 
 
 " it that they will not attempt and give the venture fot? Dobut run through andcount the laws 
 
 ''provided in thisbehnltfor women,whereby our fore- fathers andpredeceflbrs have kept down 
 
 "and redained their diforderly appetites, and with which they have fought to fubjedt them 10 
 
 *' their husbands: yet,h3rdly can ye with the help of them all, keep them in awe and tied faft, but 
 
 '' break out they will and have their own waies. What then? how and if ye fuffcr them to catch 
 
 *' this and that and t'other thing to it: iflli»y,ye let them vvrefl from you one thing after another, ^ 
 
 '' until atlengththcy l)e check- mates with their husbands,think ye that ever you {hall be able to 
 
 " fupport and endure them?Begin they once to be equals they willfoon bcfuperiours:makethem 
 
 " your fellows, and (Ircight-wayes they wiilbe your maftcrs, Buc,alas,we lay too hardly totbcir 
 
 <• charge. The thing that they Hand upon is no more but this, That no new Ailandftatutc pafs 
 
 *' againit them / for no ccjual and realonable thingdo they refafe : ihcir defire and prayer ij only 
 
 (btc
 
 The four and thirtieth Bool^of T. Li vius. 68 5 
 
 ^ 'f that theymighc notbe wronged. No. no, it is clean contrary : Thatlaw which ye have received 
 " and admittedjthat which by your lutfrages you tirH granted that which by theprat^ife and ex- 
 " perienv-eoffo many years you have allowed and approved, they would ha\e you to revoke and 
 *" abolilh : which is as much to fay, as by anu-ling that one, to jntringe- impair, and diminifh the 
 " authority and venue ouhe reft. No law is there fo well deviled. that is goodjccmmodious and 
 " agreeable unto ail. 1 his oniy is intended principally to be conlidered, thac it may be profitable 
 ** to the moll part and I'erve in general. For it as each perfon fliailhnd an aft prejudicial, hurtful, 
 " and ottenli^eto himfe f.he mny be allowed by and by to undo and demolifh ihefame:to what 
 " end Oiouldallthe people aliemble together to the making or thoe Itatutes^whiLh they anon a- 
 " gaind whom they were enabled may abolilli & overthrow ? Bucgladiy wou'd i know the great 
 
 B " occahonandc.niie tor which our dames in fn.ti trouble and uprore runout into the(lreets,and 
 '* have much ado t o forbear iliecommonpla.e and to mount up into the Koft,\x to make an ora- 
 *= tionto this audienie? Isit torthis toredeem out of the hands of v^-^/i^.i/, their fathers, their 
 J-' husbands,their children and brethren, whom he keepeih priioners r' Nay, that calamity is far e- 
 '^ nough oft'ai this d.iy, and far may it ever be 1 pray God from our City and Common-weal. And 
 '• yet when the time was cfth.uhard fortune and calamity,yon would nothearken to theirpice- 
 '' ous and kind prayer^ in that behalf. Tnit it may wellbe,that it isneicher natural love and kind 
 '• affeition nor caretul re^^ard of their deer friends.but meer touch ofconfcicnce and fenfeof reli- 
 "■ gion that hath brought tliemrhus together in a congregation. And ready they are,itmaybe,to 
 « receive and intercain dame dl'dc or U£a,i.om\ns, from Pefcmas out ot Phrjg:.'. What honelt 
 
 C «« colour and lliew, fo much as in word oniy cm be pretended tobear out andcoverthis muti- 
 '« nous fedition of women } Mary this (fay il.cyj that we mayglitter in our golden jewels, and 
 " fhine in purp e robes tobefeen a far off: that as well on workd.iies as holy-d-iyes, we maybe 
 <•' fet upand ridoin our coaches and chariots through the City,as it were in triumph , for the con- 
 « quell and viclory ofa law by us repealed and dilanullcd: for wiVining from you,3nd wringing out 
 «' of your hands,maugre your beards, the hberty of your voices and iuffrages : to the end that we 
 " might not be Hinted and gaged in onr cxccffue cxpcnfes, in our diflolute proiuf.on, in collly va- 
 '• nities and fuperiluitiis. Many a time ye have heard me complain of the wailful and fumptuous 
 «t bravery of women: and as often have you known me to inveigh againtl thelavillifpending of 
 t> men, not privat perfon? only but magillrats alfo in higherplace: and how this City of ours is fick 
 
 D " as it were at one time of two contrary difeafcs and maladiessto wit pinching avarice,andfuper- 
 " fluous prodigality, two plagues I fay, thac have been the bane and overthrow ofallgreatMo- 
 tt narchies and llouiifliing empires. Thefe peHilcntmifchiefs Idread fo much the more, asour 
 «' (late and common- weal encreafeth to the better; groweth wealthy every day more than other; 
 f. and as ourdominione.\tendeth Hill farther and farther, Andnowthat wearegottenoverinto 
 i: Grcft-'and W//.;. provinces fu;l of all entiling pleafures and alluringdelights ofthe world,now 
 »« that we are come to finger and handle the rich treafures of mighty Monarchs 1 fear me that even 
 tt thefe things h.ave rather captivated usthan we tf.em. The goodly images^ flames and piftures 
 u thatcameirjm^vr.ic p arc (trull me truly) dangerous to this City, and threaten no lefs than fo 
 <i many enligns of the field dilplayed again!! it. And I hear fay already, thac there are many, and 
 
 E ■« tootoo many, that praife ardhavcin admirstion t he beautiful ornaments of CormA^v: Athens-, 
 it and begin to make afcornand game ofthe images of the Roman 'iods made of potters eirth 
 It only,laughing much at them, where they fee them llandingforth ofthe walls.\Yell,for my part 
 (( I had rather have thefe gods fo propiceand favorable tons as they be than huh as thofe:andfo 
 .t I hope they will ever be, if we lanfufferthem to abide Hill in their ufual flirines and places ac- 
 ii cullomed. No longer ago than in our fathers daies, Kin; Pyrrhw fenc his EmbalLidor Cy^eas of 
 ci purpofe,and afl'aiedby rich and goodly gifts, to tempt the minds not only ot our men,but alfo of 
 I, onr women. There was no law Oppms then in force to bridle and keep down the coflly pomp 
 li and'nraveryot women: and yet no: one of them all received ought at his hands. And what think 
 cc ye wis thecaufc.^ even the '.ame and no other, for which our ancellors in times pafl, never lo 
 
 F n much as thought upon the providing of any fuch law. There was no pride then, nor riotous fu- 
 ,. perfluity to rellrain. And like as the skill and knowledge of difeafes.mull precede and go afore 
 i, their cures and remedies: even fo evil defires and enormous lolls had need to bud forth & Ipring 
 II before the laws . which Qiould reprefs and cut them down. What caufed the law Lici/iia to be 
 ,, made, concernim-; 509 acres of ground, forbidding thac no man fliould poflefs above , but the 
 ^t exceeding covetoufnes ofmen,en:ro.Khingftill and laying land to land ? VVhat brought in the 
 ic law Cinci.i as tou.hing gifts and preients,but this that the Commons began already to be vaflals 
 u asit wereand tributarit-sto theSenat. No marvail therefore it is, nor llrange may icfeem,that 
 4, neither the law 0/jpr-',nor any other providing for the cutting off the unmeafurableexpcncesot 
 ,. women, was rec]uired and thought needful inthofe daies;when gold, when purple freely tendred 
 
 Gt. and offered unto them was reeled. If now at this day Cv«f^ were come, and went with i^ch 
 c gift"! round about in theCityJae Oiould find receivers enough ofwomen.ftanding in every ftiteet 
 ,1 ready for him. And verilv, with ail the wit I have, I cannot devife what the caufe and reafon 
 ^: flionldbeofmany ludful deiiresand appetites that rei;.'n inthisage. Forfay.that ifoneotyon 
 4. were kept flaorc and debarred of thatwhich another might lawfully have: per.idventure there 
 <.c might ri;e inyour hearts (through infirmity J fome fhame and abafliment in nature.or elfedif- 
 u plealure and difcontentment inrealbn : fo being all as ye are brought within one compafs of tur- 
 
 Nnn 2 niture
 
 686 The four and thirtieth Evo\ ofT, Livius. 
 
 " nitiire and apparel, and no cds at all between you, what need any one of you to fear, left fiie ^ 
 *• (houidbelookedinto.markedot obi£rved,mor*;thananother.Imuli needs fayjthe fliame that 
 •• followeth & attendeih either upon nigardileor poverty ^is worlt of all other;:but the law quit- 
 
 • tethandfieethyouolboth,whenyou wantbut that only which by law yemay not fiave^and 
 '' no man wil reproach you thcrfore. Yts mary, quoth lome rich and wealthy dame^this fame e- 
 " quality and no diBindtion at al among us of al things 1 cannot abide:Wby may not I according 
 
 * to my calling.be fecn aroied in purp.e, and adorned with gold? And why is not the pooreftate 
 •' of others knov\n,but Heth hidden under this pretext & cloak of a lawifo as they may be thought 
 '■'■ yet (were it not for the law) thacluili and iU' h things they would have; where as indeed i hey 
 '• arenotabletomaincainand beat it out? Would ye(in faith) my raaOersand citizens of /Jowe, 
 " have your wives to ftrive thns, tha the richer fort might defers e to have that, which no other I 
 " can reach unto : and the poor again, betaule by that means they would not be defpifed, over- 
 " firein themlel'ves to go above their calling and abilityPCertainly I dare avow,ifthey begin once 
 " tofliameat that which is not fliame-worthy, they will not abalhatany thing, be it never fo 
 'f fl-.ame;"ul.Haveitfhewillouiofherown,fo lorgasitialieth :and whenall isgone to herhus- 
 " ijands pur!efl-ie will go. Alas poor man and wo begtinis that husoandas wel hethatisint^ea- 
 " ted by his wife,to (ketch his purfe i}rings,as he that i,-. not. when he ftial lee another man to give 
 '' herthat,Vvhich he would not allow hunielf.Andeven now ye fee how openly in the (Ireet (un- 
 " fhame-faccd as they bejthey are in hand wiih otlier womens h«sbands,yea,& that which more 
 '' is, they keepanintrejtingforto caf the law & tor the favour of their voices only.For of(ome 
 
 " they havegot the good wills no doubt already, whik'themielveswil not be intreated,but draw k 
 " mifery upon thee upon thy llate,and upon thy chndrcn.\\el.,ct thelaw onceceafeto fetdown 
 '' a oaoe and proportion o; thy wivep e.\pen e« andnetr think to have remedy, and today the 
 '' fameofthy felfwitha!lthoncanltdo.lienotdc ei>ed firs, to think that the world will be ever 
 " acain at the fame pais, as it waSbeiore this jaw took pia^e. And as it isafafercourfe and leffe 
 " dangerous to let a nanr,hty and o'M^irat perion alone that he be not called into queftion at all ; 
 '' than after he is once accufed to nhe: him to bt quit and go away unpuniflied: even fo this ex- 
 'Kelfive fuperfluity would have beenm se tcjaa .ie it it had not been medled& tempered with- 
 " al.thanif wil be now upon the very b:naing and . i^rbmg thereof: much hke a wild and favage 
 " heaft let loofeafterit hathbeentyco upa tirre and lo ma Je more fell and angry. Tocondude 
 •; therforeof this opinion ami >l)at o; no hand the law Oppi be repealed : and fo Ipray all the L 
 " Godsio vouchfafetorto bleis . nd turn lOgood wliatioeier you door go about. Whenhe had 
 " ihusfaidihofe Tribuns alio oftheConjmon , wlio openly promiftd and protefted to oppofe 
 '■ tbemfeUes, and tocrofstherepealiiio (.'thei.w made lome brief fpeeches to the fame effeft, 
 '• Then L-Viiler^i-u io(e up to maintain the Siaby iim propofed for the revoking of that law. and 
 The Oration " fpake as followeth. '' Ifpriv.mnen h?d iieppid (-tth and advanced forward either to approve 
 oil.r"y-^ " snd perfwade,or toreje6\&difl'iv3de t'latwhi r.by u- is propofed I my felfalfowithout open- 
 agtti'rft (he " in" mymoiuh would have attended your -vil& t.-.pcded the delivery of your fuffrages,as think- 
 ItwOppla. " ini' it had been fuffiv.ient!y debated and difcoui.cd a ready whatfoever might be laid for both 
 *' parties. But now fuh that the Conful M.P'rciu^ t<»:o,a man of great reputation & gravity .not 
 " only by his countenance and authority ("whi.h alone without any word at allfpokenh-idbeen j^ 
 " important enough Sc effevihi.itj but alto in a long premeditate Oration framed with much fiudy 
 <• ' and foreihinking, hath impugned and inveighed againll our propofed ordinance, Imuft ofnc* 
 " celTity anfwer him again as bii.fly as I can. Who nevtrtheleis hath ipent more words in repro- 
 " vino and Lhallifingthem.nrons & dames of ti eCity,thanhehath beftowed reafontothepur- 
 ''pofe in did wading our new law:& all \criiy for this intent that he might leave it doubtfuKwhe- 
 " ther the women had done that which heblaned them tor.asinducedby their own motives or 
 " feduced by us and our fuggelUons. As forme the protection direiitly of thecaule I will take in 
 '•hand, and not bufy and trouble my head in c^eKn.e f four p^rfons, againfi whom the Conful 
 " hath rather glanced and girded at,by way cf i')-/. wo'rd- thr^n barged indeed by foundrejfons. 
 " It hathplea'ed him to calthis,An aflcmbly anu mutinons mectipgryeaandotherwhiles heter- N 
 '' meth it An infurreCtion and fecelllon of woien ixi .uife the vvive« in open place intreated you 
 '< to repeal that law, now in time r fpea.e, ini'ieflourifhing andb'eflcd ftateof theCommon- 
 '' \veal,which durinj; thole troublefome dales of war, had been en-^kd againft them. 1 wot full 
 " well that both thefe words and other behdcs 're very l!gnif!L?nt-f)u_^hr out and pi^-kedforthe 
 " purpofcjto enforce and aggravate the matter. And vve all krcw- that /'ao i<; in Orator not 
 " only draveandearncll. but otlierwhilcsalfofeiljd-.aip and bi-ie"- how ever orhe wii'e hv natural 
 *• dilpolition he be of a mild fpiritard courteous enough. Bur lo ih^ po'n. What new Jif-irange 
 '' thing isthisihat our wives have done>in coming .ibroad and aliembhnp them'eM.esin »ompa- 
 " niesiabouta matterthatfo much concerneih and 'mporteth ti.tmleive? Wh.twerethey ne- 
 "• vcr fecn before now, abroad in openflreet ? 1 will tak^ thep.iin or^ o roturn over your own q 
 " book ofOriginais againft your felf. Liften rnd mariv tow often they have 'one tf.e Vmbhble, 
 " and alwaies truly forthe common good an.l benefit of ihe^rte. And firft andforemol* inthe 
 " very beginning and infancy of this City even in the rei^n of K./^o -•«/«.?, vv hen the Capitol was 
 <' taken and held by the Sabins; when in the midft of the Comf on p ace thev were ranged in bat- 
 '< tei array and ready to fight abloudyfield, was not the quarrel ended and the conflift Rayed by 
 "'^^^^mes and wives that ran in.3£ putthemfelves between the two armies? After the KK. were 
 
 driven
 
 The four and thirtieth Bool^of T. Li vius. 6 8 ' 
 
 A " driven ouc and expelled,What hapned thoPWhenas the legions of theVolfci^ns under the con 
 '' duitotC./i/./r/«wincamped within 5 miles of^ow^jWere ihey not the matrons of' the City thac 
 '' turned back thisarmy,whiLh doubtlels would have forced our City & put it to ranl'ack? And 
 " is not this likewifeas trne,that when the Gauls were pofleifed of Rome and maders thereofjthe 
 " dames ot the City and none but they, even by the conlentoi all men, came forth into the open 
 *" (Ircets made a contribution,and laid down that gold which paid tor the ranfom and rcdempti- 
 '' on of the City? No longer lincethan in chelali Funick war(becaurel will not Hand lo much 
 '■ upon antiquities) was it not thus, that not only when the City was at a fault for money, the 
 "■widows iioik'; ibppliedthe want ot the common treafure ? but a fo at what time as we were 
 *" driven to leek for nc vv Gods53nd to fend for them afar oft'to luccour us in our extremities ; all 
 
 B" thewiies&matrfms of the City went to the Sea fide for to receive the goddeis Mother /^e,!? 
 *•' Theoccahons(qc.Me) ire different, and the cafe is not alike. Neither is it my purpofeor any 
 "■ partot my mcanin^ c. .omparecaufeSjand to prove they are all one.This only I Hand upon>and 
 "■ take it luHi ient to x.ufe and deer the womeri,for bringing up no (Irange no veil y, in that they 
 '■ fliewed rnenvelvcs in open place. To proceed therefore : leeingthat no man made any wonder 
 '■ thenouhat whiJi women did in undeitaking the affairs that concerned all alike as well men 
 " as women : marvail we now that they do the lemblable,in a caufc that properly and peculiarly 
 '• pertaineth to themlelve-^PAnd what great thing was it they did?Now ingood taith we are too 
 *■"■ coyand rqueamifli ofoiir hearing, and ourearscner niceand delicate, if when mailers difdain 
 " not tohear thepraiers of their fervants andnaves,we fcorntogive car to rherequeHs of ladies 
 
 C«' and dames ot'honor. But now I come to ihe matter in queHion, in regard whereof the Conful 
 '• his Oration conhlledintwo points. For firlf.he took itveryiU.that any law at a 11 once enabled 
 *■' fliouid berovoked : and (econdly,he flood upon this that above all ochersthe law devifed and 
 '■'■ m.-.dc for reprefling the fuperflnous ornaments and attire of women fliould remain in force for 
 '^ ever. So It fliould feem;that the firll part (a common defence as ic wereiofall the laws) was a 
 " fpeech befitting the place and perfon of a Conful : but the other againll the exceeding pomp of 
 " women,morc properly became a man (as himfelf) of molf leverelifc.ind precife carriage. And 
 *' therefore it'isgreac doubt and to be feared, leli wefliouldfeduceyouintofomeerrour, if we 
 >•' lay not down and fhew plainly the vanity and defeft both in the one and in theother.Foras I 
 «■' confels, that ofthofe laws which are deviled and edablifhed not for a timeandby occalionof 
 
 D •' lome particular occurrence, but for ever and to the perpetual good of a City, none ought to be 
 '«aboiilhed ; unlefs it be fo that by ufe and experience the fame be checked and found hurtful, or 
 <' by lome change of the State become needlels and fuperfluous: lb I feeevidently-.thatthofeda- 
 \i ruts and ordin;.n.es which arebrought in to fit and ferve fomefeafonsjare mortal (iflmay fo 
 (1 lay; and mutable wich the times. And oftentimes we lee that war difclaimeth thole laws which 
 ti. peace proclaimeth ; andpearepuileth down that which war fet up: like as in the government 
 k' and rule of a (Lip, one thing isrcquilitintair weather and calm Sca,:inothcr in foul and trouble- 
 t^lome tempefts. Theie things thus being in nature divers and diliincl, let usconliderlpray you, 
 «' of whecherfort is this law that now we are in hand to revoke. Wh.it ? is it one of the ancient 
 t; and royal laws made by the Kings>and equal in time with the foundation of our City ? or (that 
 
 E .. which is the next in time and authority) was it fet down and written in the twelve Tables by 
 .t the Decemvirs, created of pnrpofc to devife andmakeliws? Isit ofthatnaturcwithout the 
 ^^ which a; our ancellors were of opinion, that the lioneHy and honour of matrons could not 
 ,1 be preferved:fo wearetofear like wife Icllby the repealing thereof, we overthrow the mode- 
 .. fly,chalHty,and integrity ofmaried women? Why ? whokroweth not that this is anew law 
 4^ of 20 years (landing and continuance and no more, made whiles Q^. Fahins and T. Scn:p'-oiiins 
 tk were Confuh? Andfeein?, that without it wives lived fo many years before ingood name and 
 k, fam.e, and in palfmggood order : rcll me what dangercan enfue, and why we need to fearleft if 
 (/itbe anul!ed,theyi>iou'.d break out toal loofenesanddil'ordcr. Marvifthislaw had been made 
 ,. at firif, togage thewantonnefs" ofwome.i, believeme then it were greatly to be doubted, that 
 
 F ji theputtingdownthtreof would (fir them up againto their former outrage. But to what end 
 t, it wasdevifed, the'i;r,eicfelfisabletoflvew andtellifie. A»fi!biil\>t\r\<^\n /r.r/i-jhad wona vi- 
 „ Ctory at Cam^it : he was new maflcr olr.trsr.t:imy Lord of Arfi. and polfeffed o'iCapit.i: s^ery 
 ,_ hour m.n looked when he would march forward and advance his enllgns againll Rome: oural- 
 ^^ lies w.re revolted and gone : ibnldiets we had no more of ourowntofupply andmakeup the 
 j^ decaied bands: no irnriners and Sea fervitors could we find for the maintenane ofour Arma- 
 ,, do : ail niir treafure in the City Chamber was t'pent and confumed. Driven we were ro this 
 4j exigent, as to takeupbondllavesfortofervein wars, and to buy them of their mailers for day, 
 jt yea, and to mike payment ofthcir price after the war was ended. For want of money alfo the 
 t^ Pub;i.an<; aivl Farmors of our demain and publick profits, undertook to ."erve the army with 
 (3 ^j corn ana tofiirniOius with ail thini^s needful tor war at a certain pri.e, and gave us the like day 
 n and time of payment. TheGa'ly flaves that ferved at the oar we found and maintained with 
 ^^ our o .n proper ind private charce<: ; and a rate and proportion was fet down according to 
 J. our revenues and vorth inthe fubfidy book, what number every one fbonld be charged with. 
 ^^ All the p,old and i.Uer that we had in private we brought forth in common, and the Senators 
 j^ themfelves led the way firll, and gave good enfample. The widdows and orphan Children 
 brought in ths;ir Rocks of money to the City Chamber. Streight order was given, that 
 
 Nnn 3 "we
 
 588 i be four and thirtieth Bool\^ o/T. Livius. 
 
 '•*■ we fhould net have in our honl'es either of gold or filver,wrought in plate or otherwife above H 
 "lbmuch,norofhIver andbralsin coin and currant money beyond a ceitain proportion limit- 
 '* ted. Atluch a time.oiir dames (belike j were let all upon their bravetieSjpruningjtrimmingjand 
 *' tricking themlehes, inhuhfort, as the law Op;>/./mu(i needs be deviled, iherevvasno other 
 "remedy to keep down their excellive pride and fuperfluous expencein their attire and orna- 
 te ments : even then, 1 fay, when by occalion that the I'olemn feall and/acrifice ofCtres wasdil- 
 " continued, by reaTon ot the general mourning and heavy chear of all the wives ofihe City, the 
 " Senat was fain to rake order,tbat they fliould finifh and end their forrowful mourning within 
 '' thirty dayc;;, VVl-.o is fo blind that Iceth not, how in regard only of the po\erty and extream 
 "calamity of the City, and becaufe all the monies ot private perlons fhould be converted into a 
 *■ common He k, and for a publick ufe, this law w:.s hrll framed, drawn, and fer down, fo long I 
 •'onlytolhnd indrencthand vertu& as the caule ol penning and writing it fhould endure and 
 "continue? For otherwife, ifthofea^lssnd decrees oftheSenat, if thofc orders and ordinances 
 ♦' ofthe Commons, refpedlive unto that prtfcnt time fliould be in force,and obferved forever ; 
 "Why make we paiment of the loan money unto private men? VVhydo vvefet and tofermlec 
 " our commodities, our cuUomes and revenues of the (ity unto farmers lor ready rent ? Why put 
 '' we forth our publick works for prefent rnoney paid down upon the nail ? Wherefore buy we 
 " not {laves to ferve in our wars?Laftly,why are we not put to find mariners and oarmen, at our 
 "own proper charges,as then wedid ? All other eltates and degrees, all men elfcjof what calling 
 " foevcr,fcel a great change in theftate ofthc City trom wo to weal, from adverfty to prol'peri- 
 "ly; and fliall our wives only mils the good thereof, and not oncC tall nor enjoy the fruits of K' 
 " peace,and publick repofe and tranquillity ? Shall we that 2remcn,be in purple and fcarlet^ fliall 
 " we wear our embrodered gowns and robes when weareMagiflrats ? fluU weput on our rich 
 " am.ycesand copes, when weexerafe the fun6fion and mir/iHery of the high Priefls? fliall our 
 *« children go in their f.de garmier.t:, pnrlicd afore with purpleriliail we permit and priviledge the 
 " head Oflicers and MagiHrats in oiirCo'-onici and Biurough Towns ? nayjdiall we Suffer here at: 
 >•' Ramcibc MaHersandConlfablei of every pjrifli-.the meancfl and bafeft oflicers ofall other to 
 t' wearembrodercd gownsjSiHudded wiih pirplc?andnot only fo,forto grace and credit them- 
 " felves.withthefe goodly ornaments and badges ofworfliip and honourduring their life,butal- 
 <■!■ fo after their death, the fame to be burned and buried witla them ? And fhall we debar and for- 
 t' bid our women on'.y to ufe purple and fcarlct in their apparel? And when you the husband may l 
 "have purple and fcarlerjCarpetSvCounter-points, and foct-cloths, whatreafon is there to deny 
 t« your wife,the millrefi ot the houfe.a gown or mantle of the fame?And fliall your horfe be trap- 
 t> ped and barbed more richly, and better fet out vvithhiscapari)bn;than your wife arraiedinher 
 >■( apparrel? But in truth, for purple and fcarlet, which are the worfe for the wearing, and waxeth 
 <..bare,me thinks 1 feefomerf?afon,fn,.h as it is (although it be very hard) offparingand reflraint: 
 tt maryforgold whereinlittle or nothing; is lolt but the talLionand workmanfliip, what niggar- 
 a di;e,what mifcry is this to make fpareot itar.dto deny it them? Nay, I dare avow and abide by 
 <.cit there Isgrcat benefit and ufe thereofin timeofe.\tremity ; and it may helpat a pinch both in 
 n pubiick aftairs, and inpiivate occaiions, as ye have found by good experience. But r^zfo laid 
 ti moreover. There would be no emulation andenvy between this good wife and that,il neither a| 
 >■<. one nor other were allowed that liberty of apparel and orn3ments.Trueitis,butinnead there- 
 it of they all are mightily difcontentcd and grieved at the heart in themean while, difdainingto 
 «.« fee the wives of our allies oftheLatinenameandN.uion, permitted to wear thole ornaments 
 c. which they aret'orhidden to have, to feethcm, I fay, all gorgeoufly fet out with fpangles and 
 t jewch-. ofgoldjclad in their purple and fcarlcc cloths riding in their coaches all over their cities, 
 «c whiles they at RometiUiz pains to go afoot on their ten toes. as ifthe State of the Empire were 
 tt feared in their Towns,and not in this their own City of /^ow^. This indignity were enough to 
 ii wound the hearts ot men.and make them b'ccd; what luirt doth it then,thinkyou,to lillywo- 
 I men,whom fmall matters, God wot, are wont to trouble? Alas poor fouls .-no magiflracy and 
 I. place of government in State,no facerdotal dignities in the Church, no triumphs no ornamentx»j 
 tc and titles of honour, are they capable of,nogit'rs,nofpoils and prizes gotten in wars, can fall to. 
 <.( their fliares.Neatnefsand finenefs.gay garments trim attire and gorgeous habiliments^are the 
 n honour and ornaments of women : in it they take delight, on it they fet their hearts, oFit they 
 ,. make their joy. And therefore well have our anceOors called all furniture for the decking of 
 s. women [ Muyidus A/«/»>^r«.]What lay they off in time of forrow and mourning ,but their gold 
 c. and purple? whar pnr they on and refumeaga in, when their mourning is pafl, but their gold and 
 i; purple? what hang they onthem befidesin time ofpublitk joy and folemn procelTions but their 
 u better apparel, their richeft attire & moil c oflly crnaments?But peradventure-after ye have once 
 ct repealed the law Op^'c. it will not be in your power to over-rulethem, if haply you fhould for- 
 ,1 bid them to wear any thing that now the law reflraineth them of. And perhaps fome fhallbave 
 ,t more ado with rheir daughters, their wives, and lifters, and find them lefs tradable and pliable ^ 
 t.unro their mind; than now they arc.Neverfear that : womencannot fliakeoffiheir obeclience, 
 ^.fo long as their Governors (be they fathers, husbands, orbrethren) are alive ; nay, of all other 
 ^, things they abhor and cannot brook to be at t heir own libert y ,when it cometh by the death ei- 
 (t thcr ofhusbjnd^ or parents: Widows flateand Orphans lite,they maynot abide. Be furethere- 
 forcjt hey had ruber have their ornaments and attire to be atthedifpofitionofyour felves;than 
 
 of
 
 The four and thirtieth Bool^ of T.Livius. 6^;- 
 
 -J 
 
 f^ " of the law. And cherefore, to Ipeak a truth, you muft in equity and rcafon proted and defend 
 " them in kindnefsjand not oppreis them with hardnefs and bondage: delight ye mud to be called 
 "their fathers and husbinds,rather than their Lords and Matier.-;, Ic plealcd the Conlul ercwhiie 
 '• to give them hard words and odioui terms,caliing this their meeting, A mutiny of women. and 
 •■' a very inlurredtion and departure of theirsrand danger there is^no doubt jlelf being up oi)i.e,they 
 " will feize upon the mount J>4c^r,as Ibmetimes theC'^mmons did in the ir furious an-^er. or e!ie 
 '•pofTels themfelves ot'the Aventine, and there encamp and keep an hold. Weil, tliis weak and 
 'Meeble fex,born tobear,mn(l futferand endure whatloevcrye (liall ordain and kc down ry^inlt 
 " them. But take this with.;lat theloo^e fur a rinalc(inclui.on [Iku the greater p nver and aiuho- 
 " rity ye have overthem,the more dikretion and moderation ye ought to uicin thatlover^."nty 
 g'<ol:'yourj. After debate of words palled in this wile/in favor and distavor ot'the law, the d.ylol- 
 lowingthe women flocked in greater iniiititudes into the open lireets, and bandiumhemftives 
 togecher,as it werejin one troop.they bel'et the dores and homes of the Brtatyjho by inierpohn<' 
 themfelvesjhad hindrcd and croflcdche bill preilrred by their fellow Trlbuns: and never gave they The UiiCapla 
 over to keep this ft ir;UntilthofcTribuns flaked in their oppohtiont'ortoinhibittheiame.Whi.h tcr;arcd. 
 done, there was no doubc then, but all the tribes with one voice would abrogate and abolifii 
 that law. riuis twenty yearafter the enacting thereof, it was repealed andanullcd. 
 
 M,Porcins (l.j(o after the abrogation oftheiaw Opi.t.iy prerent:y departed with a fleet offive 
 and twenty Gallies, whereof five were ler out by Allies, and arrived in the Port of ' L-.i^a. to * 
 which place he commanded his forces to rflimble : and after by vcri;'.!e uf an cdiiit lent out alon^ ^ "'''" ''"■'^' . 
 C the Sea coalfjie had gathered together vellels of all forts as he iooledl'rom Lit: a; and protlsimed 
 that they Hi ould all tollow after him to thePort of '?;?■-?»?«*, fromwhence he pyrpofcd to fee 
 forth againll the eneiny, with an Armado of many fail, and v^cii appointed. Who ha'. j;iJ pafled 
 beyond the mountains of L/^.v;;;? and the guh'ofCjuil, .irrutJ and met all together, at ti;eday 
 and place appointed. From thence they came againtl ' Rhoda,^ where they espclicd the SpaniHi ' /fa^M. 
 garrifonthat held the fortrels. Yio\XiRknd.i with a good gale of wind, ci:ey failed to EnmriA, 
 Where, all the whole army, excepting the mariners, were fet a l.iid. At the faitie' time t.-yifj-ia 
 were two Towns, feparatc one from, the other by a vvail. Hue one of them ivss inlialjiied by 
 Creekj^ who amc (torn Phc^caa, from whentcthe M,i{rili,;ns al o are dk.nlerdvci: xheotbcrwas 
 polfefied by Spaniards. But the Greeks Town lieth out into the Sea. foas the vvhol; compaiVcf 
 p the wall is not half a mile about : but the Spaniili 1 own lejted farther into che Land .rnd'duidtid 
 trom the Sea, is defended with a wall three miles in ciri uic. A third lortoi Rctiucinhsni' - » • 
 were joyned unto them by ' Cis/lir the Emperor of famous memoryv after ha bad ve.kc 
 /'owpry children. And at thisday they areconfufed and m.ingicd one with another, ■ uc 
 
 one entirebody, by reafon that firii the Spaniards, and afrerw.'rd thcGrceky. wort n. J;-.' 
 
 nizens of the City oiRome. A man might well marvail iceing hew open they lieof chc oifc.is^cto 
 the main Sea,how expofed they are on the other hde to the danger of the Spaniards, a N4.ttion t"o. 
 tierce and warlike, what thing it was that girded and prote6fed theinr Dif-Jplineic wasoodracd 
 government ^and nothing elfe which maintained and prefcr\ cd them in that weakenes" oj thfiirs 'y'' 
 dilcipiine I fay, which is ever bell intertaincd of them, who liveinfcarof the mignctc.rthaccje ; 
 £ round about them. One quarter of the wall looking tothe fields.is pafilniiftrongandex-.ee.din.^ i 
 well fortified, havin'^ but one gate in all that hdc ', which ordinarily is alwayes warded by oiui oi ■ 
 theMagillrats. Inthe night one third part ufually ofthe citizens kept watch upon the wails. Atid 
 this watch they maintained not for culiome and rafliion,nor by venue of any law: but they per- 
 formed it with as greatcare, yea, and went the round and law to the I'ertinels with as much dili- 
 gence, as if the enemies were hard at gates. A Spaniard came not within the City ; neither went 
 they forth thcmfelvcs,un!efs it were upon juit occaf.on.ButontheSea (idethe iHue was open foe 
 any manat his pleafnre. By that gate which lurneih toward theSpaniOi Town they ne\er ufed to 
 go forth bat in great number even a third part welnecr oftheTownfmcn.and thofe who che n'ghc 
 before had watched upon the wails. Andthiscau'c induced them to go abroad, for that the Spa- 
 F niatds being no men at Sea gladly would traffickand trade with them : willingly buying of them 
 their (Irange merchandife trom forein parts brought in by (liips: and venting unco tiiem again 
 their Land commodities and fruits arifingof the main. The defireofthismiuual cotnmerce and 
 neccflary intercourfc was the caul'e, that the Spanifli Town wasopen to the Greeks. And in grea- 
 ter fafety ardlecurity they were alfo, by rcafon that they were flvdowed under the wing of the 
 Roman amity, which they intertaincd with as great loyalty as theMaffiiians although they were 
 nothing fo mighty and puiffant. And even at this time they received the Conful and his ai my 
 with great courteiie and liberality. Cato fojourned there foire few dayes whiles he was advertiled 
 by hisei'pials where his enemies abode andwhac iheirtorccs w.re:3Ddbecau "e he would notbe 
 idle whiles he llayed there, he beftowed all that time in training and cxcrcifng hisfouldiers. Tc 
 G hapned to be that feafon of the' year, when the Spaniards had theircorn within their granges rea- 
 dy for the thrafhing floor, whereupon he lorbnd thecornpurveiors to provide grain, and fenc 
 them home to Rome. VVar,faithhe,niall feed and maintain it fel;. Being departed from * Emtona, 
 he walled and burnt the territory ofthe enemies,forced them to run a way in every place where he Stepiian'o, 
 came, and put them in exceeding fright. Ampurie, 
 
 At the fame time, as M.iielvitu departed out of the farther ProvtocecfS;)4<,'j wlthd^ooo Ci-fio. 
 gariilon louldiers delivered untohimbyihe Pretor, he was encountred by a great army ofthe 
 
 Celti-
 
 ^no The four and thirtieth Boo\ ofT, Livius 
 
 Celtiberians, before the Town Jllittirgnm. VaUritit writeth, that they weie 20000 flrong: thai^ 
 12000 ofihem were flainjthe Town ////r«?-^«w won again,and all above 14 years ofageputio 
 the I'word. From thence Hehius marched to the camp of Cato : atd becaule the couoirey was 
 deer from'enemies, he feet back the garrifon into the nether S;4;», and tcokhis journey to iJowf, 
 where he emred the City 0^'4«t in pety triumph, fox the happy luccefs atchievedin his affairs. 
 He brought into the treafury, of filver in bullion or Ingots, 1473 2 pound weight : of filver coin 
 i702 3bigatepeeces: andofOfcane filver 120338 pound weight. Ihecaufewhy the Senat de- 
 nied himluU triumph, was this, for that he warred under the (ondud and name of anoiher,and 
 not in his o wn pro\ ince. But it was two years before he reiurnedjby reafon that the year between 
 he was flayed there,lyiDglick of a long and grievous difeafe, and put over his government to J^. 
 M/»«f/«^his fuccefl'or. Whereupon HthtusWkcmktDitedtheCky oi Rome in that manner of I 
 triumph, two months only before his fucceffor CUUtmtius triumphed. He likewile brought into 
 the Chamber of the City 34800 pound weight of filver in mafs : of bigats in com78ooo : of 01- 
 cane filver 278000 pound. 
 
 All this while the Conful lay encamped in S;<i »DOtfar from Emporia. Thither repaired onto 
 him from Btlp^esn Prince of the Uergets, three Embafladors,whereof hisfon wasone: com- 
 plaining that their forts were affailed by force of arms, and they had no other hope to make re- 
 liftance, unlefsthey might have a guard of Roman fouldiers to defend them, 50oofay they will 
 befufficicnt: for never would the enemies abide by it if fuchapowercameagainlf them. The 
 Conful anfwered them and faid,that he had a feeling and compaflionofthe peril 01 fear(whether 
 it wa?^ whereinthty flood : hcrwbeit, he was not at that time furniftied with luch forces,that he K 
 might faiely fparefomany out of his main army, thereby to difmember the lame and to empair his 
 flrenoib, conliderirga mighty hoft of his enemies was notfaroff, with vyhom he looked every 
 day, nnd he knew not how loon,to joyn battail in open field with banner difplaied. The Embaffa- 
 dors hearing this, lell down proflrate at the Confuls feet, and fhed tears, humbly befeeching him 
 not to forfake them in this piteous plight. " For whither(fay they) fhall we go,if we he repnl- 
 <■' fed from the Romans ? No allies we have behdes, nor other hope in alhhe world. This danger 
 **wemisht haveavoided wel enough it we would bavebeenfalfeacddifloyal; if we would have 
 " banded and rebelled with other Spaniards : bin no menaces,no terrors prefented unto nSjCould 
 *• drive us to renounce our fealty ,hoping alwayes ihat we ITnould havehelp and fuccour enough 
 "from the Romans: but now if no help, ifnorelief come from thence ; ifyve be denied at the L 
 *■ Confuls hand; heaven and earth we call to witnes^that we muft be forced,full againft our wills 
 "and upon mere neceirity,to revolt Irnm theRotnans^for fear we drink of the fame cup that the 
 '■ S2"untins have done atore us ; and ^hoofe we will to die with the reft ofthe Spaniards for com- 
 * pany, rather than perifKal^ne by ^ urle. is.Soforthatday they were difmifled without other 
 anlwer. But all the night foi)owin^-.,theCcnful was much diflrafted in mind, ^nd careful in both 
 refpefts. Unwilling he wa.. to ali oft" his allies and fee them deflitute ; and as unwilling again to 
 break his army: confidering that in fo doing, hemighteitber delay the opportunity of giving 
 b trzil.orendangerhimfelUnthevcry indantof confliil.But at length herefolved in no wife to 
 diminifli his own forces; doubt;rglell in the mean while he fhould receive fomedilTionorat the 
 enemie? hand. As for his affociatf, he thought it befl to intertain them with good hopes, for J4 
 want of better helps ; cont;deiing that oueocimes and efpecially in war, outward femblances and 
 vain (hews, are held and taken foi truth and fubftance,and ferve the turn well enough : and when 
 a man is throughly perfwaded that he hath aid and fuccour, the very trnft and confidence thereof 
 hath miniftred heart to give the v enture of fome exploit and preferved him as well as the thing ic 
 felf. The next morrow he delivered this anfweir unto the Embaffadors, That albeit he feared to 
 abatehis own flrength, in ferving other mens turn with any part of his forces, yet he had at this 
 prefent more regard of their occafions and dangerous eflate than of his own.Whereupon he gave 
 commandment, that a third part of all his binds and companies fliould have warning to bake 
 and dreffe viands with all fpeedjforto beftow and lay inthefliips;andftreightly hecharged,that 
 they fliould be rigged and ready appointed againfl the third day: and willed withal, two of the ^ 
 Embafladors to report fo much to B//;y?;?j;^f/and thellcrgets. As for the young Prince hisfon, 
 he detained flill with him, u fed him gracioufly, and bellowed favours and rich gifts upon him 
 bounteouny.TheEmbafladors took not their leave nor departed, beforethey faw the fouldiers 
 embarked: and thus by making relation hereof-as a thing aflured and paft all perad venture, they 
 filled the heads not of their own friends only, but alfo of the enemies with the bruit of Roman 
 aids coming neer at hand. The Conful now, when he had let this countenance ofthe matter and 
 made Uiffii. lent femblance to ferve his purpofe, gaveorder that the fouldiers fhould be disbarked 
 again ?«: fet a land : and himfelf feeing nowthat the time ofthe year approa.hedccmmodious for 
 aftion and execution ofmartial atfairs.diflodged and removed his ftanding winter cimp within a 
 mile ci Emporia From whence (as any cccafions and opportunities were prefented) he Ud tort h q 
 hisUuldiers afor.iging and plundering into the enemies land, fometimenneway andlometime 
 another, leaving alwayes a competent guard to detijnd the camp. Ordinarily their manner was to 
 flcjl out by night,to the intent that both they might go on ftil fartherfrom their leaguer Sc al;b fur- 
 prife the enemies at unawares and unprovided:by v;hich means not only his new & raw fouldiers 
 were excrcifed,but alfo many of his enemies were caught up and came fliort home : whereupon 
 rheydurfl no more peep out of their forts & holds of defence. Now after he had made fufficienc 
 
 proof
 
 The four and thirtieth Bool^of T. Li vius. 69 ] 
 
 A proof of the hearts as well of his own men as of his enemies, he commanded all the Marflials, 
 Colonels, Horl>men,and Cemnrions,toafl"emble before him: and unto them he made this fpeecb. 
 '■ The [imei^cyioth liejisnow come, that you loottenhave wilhed for; in vvhi^h you may ihew tj, q stion 
 "at full yoiu venue and valoiTr. Your leriiLC hitherto hath been more like the manner of for- ot catuio bis 
 "ragers th.in vv>irriors : but now fhail yctome toamain battail, and as enemies, light hand to Capuins and 
 •'handw'th profelTed enemies. From henceforth youmayifyou wiil,not wait their helds only 6»li«iit». 
 •'■and poiitheirterntory,butraniai.k the pillage ot rich and wealthy cities. Our fathers before 
 " ns andanccifours intimes pall, when asinS^<j/« there were both Generals and armies of Car- 
 '■ thaj^inians, having themfeiies no leaders and commanders, nolouidiers and torces there, yec 
 "would they need have this aiticle among others capiti].<-tcd in the accord and compoi.tion 
 
 B " with the SpAni-rdj, That the River of /^^-rw lliould limit ti eir Seignory and dominion. Now 
 ''atthi: day. whenrwo Prctors anda Conlul, when three entire Roman armies havethego- 
 "• vernment and ch.iige of Sp.7/« ; now. I fay: after ten years ipace almoin, wherein no Carthagi- 
 " nians have let foot and becnfeenin althele quarters of both provinces, we haie loll our leig- 
 •'nory on this l:de yii?r«*. This muH ye recover and win again by fori.e of. ^rm^-, by mmhuod and 
 "valour; yemult 1 fay, compel this n.ition, more raQi and inconlideratein rcbellin;;, than con- 
 "Rant and relolutc in maintaining war, torto receive on^e more the yokeo; fubjeCtion, which 
 '" they have fliaken from off their necks. Having exhorted and encouraged them in this manner, 
 he gave them to under.iand, that he would let lorward in the night anvi lead againll the enemies 
 camp. And lo hejlct them depart to refrelli their bodies. At midnight, after lie had devoutly 
 
 C taken with him the hgns and approbations ot the birds for his better Ipeed, heput himfelf in 
 his journey: and becauiehe might be feizedol fome place to his liking belore thecncmiesl'hould 
 defcry him he let a compafs in his mart, h, and led his fouldiers cle.m beyond their camp. And 
 having by daylight let his companies in battel array, he lent out three cohorts, even dole to the 
 rampier and trench of the enemy. The barbarous people wondering to fee the Romans fliew 
 them^elve^ behind at thrir back, rantoandiro tot^ikearms. Meanwhile, the Conlul held his 
 men with tDcfe and fuch like fpceches : '• My fouldiers (quoth he) there is no other hope now 
 '' left, but in mere (trength and valour, and 1 of very purpofe have wrought it fo. Between us 
 *- and our camp the enemies are encamped all: behindat our back we have our enemies Land. 
 •• Thebnvcli courfes are ever fafelt, namely, to build and ground cur hope furely upon vertue. 
 
 D Andherewithal he gave order; that the cohorts alorefaid Oiould retire of purpole to train forth 
 the barbaron, people by miking femblan^e of retreat and flight. And foiell it out in very deed 
 as he thought and luppoied:for they imaginingthat the Romans for very fejr were retired, ifl'ued 
 forth by heaps out of the gate, and befpred with armed men all the ground, that lay between 
 their own camp and the enemies battel. And whiles they made great hali to embattelthemfclves, 
 the Conlul who was already arranged inbattel array, and inallre peCls well appointed, charged 
 upon them before they werem.ulliaHed and fet in order. Firrt he put forth the cornets and wings 
 ot horfemen from both points and fljinks of the battail. but they of the right (\dc wetv ftraight- 
 wayesrepulfed, and by their bally and fearful retreating, caufed the footmen alfoto be mightily 
 affraid. Which the Conlul perceiving, he commanded two eled cohorts of footmen to wheel 
 
 £ about the right flank of the enemies, ar,d to flic w them'elves at their backs before the other 
 companies of foot en:ounrrcd and i-harged one another. This fnddain terror alirig!. ted theene-. 
 mics, but fet all upiiglit again and re,.overed the battail of the Romans, wl.i.h through the fear 
 of the Cavalry began to fhrinkandgo down. Howbeit the horfemen and footmen both of the 
 right point, were fo troubled and lofjr out oforJer, that theConful was forced to pluck fome 
 of them back with his ownh.-.nd, and turn them with their faces nilrom the enemy, '(bus all the 
 while that the fliotlafled theskirmilli was doubtful: foasnow tbeRom.msin the skirmifli,had 
 much ado to make head and fland to it in the right lldc. whereas the fright and flight firft began. 
 But onthe left andailalfront, ihcbarbarous had thcworO, and with great horror they looked 
 behind and fawtheirenemieshowthcypl.iyediiponthcirbtcks :nd relied not. After they had 
 
 F done with flinging their iron darts and lancing their fiery javelins, they drew their iwords ; and 
 herewith began the confliil afrefli. They were not wounded now from a f'r off by blmd chance 
 and haphazard, they knew not from whence ; but foot to foot they liood, and hand to hand 
 they coped and let drive one at another: no hopeat all was now but tottuif in pure flrength 
 and main force. I heCV>nfulfee;nghis men wculcd, encouraged and relrefncd ' hem by fend mg 
 for to relieve and maintain the light, lertain cohorts out of the rere.vard. This newb^ii 'illon 
 wel'i in heart, and with frefli weapons, charged the enemies tol'ed 2nd tired : snci be';;g ^nged 
 in pointed wife like a quoin or wedge .it the firflhot onfet brake thuir3rraijs:.'.nd b.in^ oncedil- 
 ordered. they put them to flight, and infcattering wife they ran as faR as their legs won id carry 
 them, to their camp. Cro feeing them flie on all hnnds, mounted onhotfeb- k ndrodchim- 
 
 (3 felftothe fecond legion which was in the rereward for fupply and Lommanded to .advance the 
 llandards and enl'gns before him to march apace, and to approach the camp of the enemies tor 
 logivean alTault. Ifheelpied nnyone toflepour of his r.ink hewtutd ride before and rap him 
 with his light javelin that he had in his hand; comm.irdin<j the Marflials and C^prnns to.ha- 
 flice him forit. Now was the enemies camp at the point o be aff.rultfd. and the Roman': were 
 with Rones pikes.perches,and all kind ofweapons fet back and driven from the rrench.But when 
 tliis f.elh legion approached neer, then both the affailants were more encouraged;, andalfo 
 ^^ the
 
 6^z The four and thirtieth BooJi ofT, Livius. 
 
 the enemies fought more luftily in defence ofiheir rampier. The Conful ca{i his ej'e all about H 
 him, to fpie how to break in at fomcplace or other where leaft refinance might be made : and 
 feeinothe "uard thin about the left gate, thither he condufled the Principals aad theHaRati 
 of thefecond legion : but the corps dc guard which warded that *ate, was not able to endure 
 their violent charge. The reft on the other fide, feeing the enemies within the rampier,abaEdoned 
 the camp,and flung away their enfigns and weapons. The fouldiers of the fecond legion followed 
 the chafe and killed them as they ran away,whiles the other ranfacked and rifled their tents. Vale- 
 rius v4»n<tj- writethjthat there were 60000 fell that day upon the edge of the fword.CWc himfelf 
 (that never loved to make the leaft of his own praife-worthy afts) faith, there were many flain ; 
 but fetteth not down what number. He is thought to have pertormed that day three peeces of 
 fervice worthy of great praife and commendation : firft, in that he fet a compafs with his army I 
 far fromhisfliips,farlromhiscamp,andgavebattailin themidft of theenemiesjWherehismen 
 could repofe no hope at all but in their own vertue and valour : fecondly, for fending thofe co- 
 horts behind the enemies tocharge upon their backs : and thirdly, for that he caufed the fecond 
 leoion to march a "rear pace under their colours difplaid, ranged as chey wereand oideredin 
 ba°tcail array, for to approach and affail the gates of the enemies camp, whiles all the reft were 
 disbanded and fpread all abroad to purine the enemy in chafe. 
 
 After this vidfory atchieved, he fat not ftill in reft and repofe, but having founded the retreat 
 and brought his own fouldiers loden with pillage into the camp, he allowed them fome few 
 hours for their night flecp, and led them forth into the territory ot the enemy to foirage and 
 fpoil : which was as efteftual to enforce the Spanifli Emporitans, and all their neighbour horde- ^ 
 rersto yecld fubje6Vion,astheunhappy battel fought the day before. Many alfo of other Cities, 
 which were retired to Empri& for refuge- rendered themfelves to his devotion : whom he enter- 
 tained all with gracious words, and when he had made them good cheer, beftowing wine and 
 cates pleniifi)liy°upon them, he fent them home to their own houfes. Then immediately he di- 
 flodged and removed his camp. And allthe way as he marched with his army there referred Em- 
 bafl'adorsfrom divers States that yeelded themfelves unro him. By that time that he was come as 
 far as T<«r^cw, all Spaifion this tidclhrtuj was wholly fubclued.- and the barbarous people 
 brought in as prefents unto the Conful, all the captives and prifoners, as well Romans as Allies, 
 and namely, Latins, who by many and fundry chances had been taken in Spain. The bruit went 
 commonly abroad,tbac the Conful would lead bis power into Turdetanhi. There was a falfe alarm ^ 
 likevvife given, and fpokenit was, That he would vifitthe mountainers that lay outof the way. 
 Upon this vain and headlefs rumour,there were fevcn forts belonging to the State of the Bergi- 
 ibns that revolted from him : but the Conful led his army againft them, and without any memo- 
 rable battel reduced them under obedien:e. And the Conful his back was no fooner turned, and 
 he gone to Taracon-, but they rebelled again, even before he was departed irom thence in any o- 
 ther expedition. Subdued they were the fecond time, but they foundnot the like favour as be- 
 fore, to have pardon : for they were all fold like flaves in open market, under the garland ,becaufe 
 they fhould not thus every while trouble the peace. 
 
 In this meantime P,/l/4^/j«i the Pretor, after he had received the old army ac the hands of 
 O .4/«f/«iwhomhefucceeded, and joined thereto the other army of old fouldiers belonging to w 
 uSppitis Cl.'.iiduis-, znd which were come out ot the farther Spain.hs made an expedition into Tur- 
 dctania. Now thefe Turdetans of all other Spaniards arecountedro betheworft fouldiers, ho w- 
 beit, in confidence of their great numbers and multitudes they came forward and encountred the 
 Roman forces. But the men of arms had no fooner charged them , but prefently, they were dif- 
 arraied. Asforthefoctmen,they fought in manner not at ail. The old approved fouldiers, who 
 knewtheenemies very well, and were experienced in teats of arms, made a quick difpatch of this 
 skirmifli, and foon put all paft peradventure. Howbeit, the war was not fo ended, nor determi- 
 nedin one battel. The Turdetans levied and waged 1000 Celtiberians, and fo maintained war 
 afreOi with forrain mercenary forces. 
 
 The Conful being ftung already with the Rebellion of the Turdetans, and fnppofing that other {^ 
 Cities would do the like,upon any good occafion and opportunity -disturnifned all the Spaniards 
 on this fide Ibeau of their armor and munition. Which they took for fuch an indignity that many 
 otthemtor very melancholly killed themfelves :a martial and wariike nation, that thought they 
 were as good be out of the vvorld,3s turned out of their arms; and reckoned no life,without their 
 v\eapons. The Conful haviugintelligence hereof, commanded the Senators ofall thofe Cities to 
 repair unto him : and when they were affembled together, he ufed this fpeech unro them. '' It 
 "• concerneih you (qd. he) no lefs than us,to give over this rebelling and warring. For never yet 
 "tothis dayhaveyeentred into the aftion, but with more lots and damage of Spaniards, than 
 "toil and travel of the Roman army. To prevent this mifchief that it fliould not happen, I fup- 
 " pofe one good way it is, to contrive and work to, that ye might not poiTibly be able to rebel. _ 
 *■ Effedt this I would fain,by the eafieft mean and courfe ofall other. Affift me I pray you herein 
 "with your good counfel: I aflbreyou I will not bedireded by any advile more willingly , than by 
 •that which you yourfelvesfliall give me.When they held their tongHes,and would not I'peak a 
 word.hefaid unto them again, that he was content they Hiouldpaufe upon the mat ter^andconfiilt 
 therof a few dales. When they were called again Sc kept filence in this fecond meeting and confe- 
 rence as wel as in the former;he made no more ado,but in one day rafed the wals of al theirCities: 
 
 which
 
 The four and thirtieth Boo{of T. Livius. 693 
 
 A which done, he wcnc forward againft ihofc thac hitherto were not come in, not ycelded obe- 
 dience : and into what quarters foever he came.he received all the States one after another jtherc 
 bordering and adjoining, into his protedionlfave only Sc^ifitca, a wealthy City and of impor- 
 tanccjthe which he forced with mantelets and rolling pavoiiesjandfuch like fabricks. More diffi- 
 culty in fubduing thefe enemies he foundjthan others atore him who tirlt came into Spaini in this 
 regardjfor chat in times palt the Spaniards at the beginning revolted unto them, as being weary 
 otihe tedious yokeoffubjedion under the lordly government and tyranny of the Carthaginians. 
 But Cato had more ado with them now, in that out ot liberty and freedom,which they had ulur- 
 pedandbcenuledtoihe wasto ingage them(as it vvere^ bond,and to bring them again tofcrvi- 
 tude. Behdes,he found ali out of frame and oider, whiles lome of them were up in arms, others 
 
 U were forced by fiege to revolt, as not able to have held out long,unlels they had been refcued and 
 lu.coured in time. But cfthis nature and courageous mind was the Conful,that he would him- 
 felfin perfon be prelent and manage all atfairs, as well thofe of fmalleH moment, as alfo thole of 
 greatelt weight and con'equen.e: and not only devife and give diredlion what washed tobc 
 done, but would himfelflet to his hand, and execute molt oi the exploits andeftcd them fully. 
 There was not one amongll them alUhat he commanded with more feverity and rigour,than his 
 own felf. In living neerly,infpare feeding in much watching,in painful travel-he (Irived to iurpafis 
 and outgo the mcanelt common fouldiers.And no priviledge challenged he,no advantage foughc 
 hetohimfelf in his vvholearmy above others, but only honour and foveraigncoiitmand. 
 
 The Pretor P. Afanlius had the niore trouble in his war-fc;rvi.e, by realon of the Celtiberians, 
 
 C whom(asit hath beenfaid before)the enemies had levied and liiied with their mony.,And there- 
 for..- the Conful being Tent unto by the Pretor his letters, led his legions alio thither. Being there 
 arrived, (now the Celtiberians and Furditans were feverally encamped apart one from the other) 
 the Romans fell prel'ently to maintain liuhtskirmifhes with the Turditnnj, and ever and anon 
 tharged their corps defuard: and how raililyandinconiideratly foever they began the game,yec 
 they ever went a way winners. As for the CeitiDerians,the Conful fent ceccain Tribuns or Knight 
 Marllnals unto them to cmpar!e, giving them in charge to make them an offer and tender uiho 
 il'cm the choice of three conditions. Firll,ifthey could be content to arrange themfelves to lerve 
 undL-r the Romans, and to receive at their hands double wages to that they bargained for with 
 the Turditans. Secondly, whether they would be willing to go their waies home under fafecon- 
 
 I> du;^ and publitk fecutity, bel-.des that their Tiding with the Roman enemies fliould not be laid to 
 their charge nor bring them within the compafsot any danger. Thirdly, ifthey had more mind 
 to vvir, than, that they fiiouldfetdown fome time and place, when and where they might come 
 roaniliue, and trieit out ina fetbattail. The Celtiberians required to take a day fottoconfi- 
 der better upon ihele po'.nf:. So they aflembled together in counsel, with great trouble and con- 
 fufion, by rcafon that lome Turdetans were thrulf m among them ; upon which occafion, they 
 might vvorfe grow to any conclulion. Now albeit uncertain it was, whether there would be any 
 ■A ar or peace with the CeliiberianM yet the Romjn-; gathered their provifion out ol the territory 
 and borroiighs of their enemies, like as in time of peace: yea, and more than that, they entred 
 offeniimes vvithintheirfortifications and defences, as if there had been fome common traffick 
 
 ]£ and commerce agreed between them, by way of private truce. The Confulfeeing he could not 
 draw the enemy to a b.utail, firlUed certain companies lightly appointed with banners difplaied, 
 to r.iife booties in one quarter of the country, whii-has yet wasfiee, and not taftedot the wars: 
 bin aftf rvv»rds hearing that all the bag and baggage and other cariage of the Celtiberians was left 
 Bi * S^'^tir;!!.!-, he fcttorward thither to give an alVault totheTown. But feeing that nething . gj^^^^ j^ 
 v\ou(d move and Uir them, he paicd not only hisovvn fouldiers their wapes, but alio the Pre- ^mUlufit^Mt* 
 rors army tl.eir dues and leaving the main lioit in the Pretor hi? camp, himielf returned to the ttli, 
 Riier£^rf, accompanied only with feven cohorts. With thefe forces, as fmall as they were, he 
 won certain Towns, and there revolted unto him the Sedetani, Anfetans,and SuelTetans, The 
 I-Keians (a Nation .iving out of the way alter a fav.ige manner within the wilds and wood^Jkepc 
 
 F Kill in arms, not only upon a nitural and inbred wildnefs, but alfo upon a guilty confcience, in 
 tint whiles the Conliil and his army was cmploicd in theTurdulois war, they had made fuddain 
 rodes and in ur.-.ons intothe Lands of their Allies, and pitifully walled the fame. And there- 
 ioretiic Conful advan cd forward to ^ITju!: theirTown, andledjgainfl itnot only his ownco- 
 hr)rtsjndb.inds, but alfo the youth of his Allies, who had good caufe to be angry, and to op- 
 p./'c themfelves unto them. The Town which they inhabited , lay out in length, but was no- 
 liung lb wide andlar'::e in breadth: and within one half mile or lefs, he pitched down his en- 
 f:;;ns, and pl.mtcd himfelf. There he left behind a guard of choice companies, and (freightly 
 ma gcd them not to Itir out of that place, before became unto them himfelf. Thereltothis 
 ior..c.s he led about unto the farther fide beyond iheTown. Of all the aid fouldiers that he had 
 
 ^ about him, the gr^atell number were the youth of the Sneffetans, and thofehecomm>nded to 
 approa.h the vv.ili fortogive alT.nilr. The Lacctans, when they took knovyledge of their armor 
 and colours,caHing to mind how often they had overrun them at their pleafure, and walkd their 
 lands vviihontche.k or empcachment, how many and fundry times they had in ranged battel dil- 
 comfitcd & put them to flight, all at once fet open the gate,and fallied out upon them.TheSuefle- 
 tans werefo little ablctoliillain the forcible charge of their onfet, that they h.irdly could abide 
 li-.cir very fliour ?c f,r(l cry ThcCo.fecIn - now ihatlcome to pafi indeed which he fufpe6ted would 
 
 be
 
 :^^4 The four and thirtieth Bog\ ofT, Livius. 
 
 be fo, rode a gallop upon thefpurto ihofefaid cohortsofhisownthai were left on the other H " 
 fide under ihe'tovvn, and taking them with hin^ ingreat haft, whiles all theTownfmen were 
 Ipread abroad in following the chafe afterthe Sueflctans, he led them into the Town jt apia^e 
 where there was no noife, no Hirring, and cot a man to be feen ; and made himfelf ma(-,er of all, 
 before the Lacetans were returned back: but within a while he received them tomer^y upon 
 their fubminion: who, poor men, had nothing to yeeld and lolebut iheir bare armor and wea- 
 pons. Immediatly he followed the train of this vi^^ory, and led his forces againll the ho!d or 
 lironf Town of l^'ivmn}. This was a receptacle and pla.eot hire receic tor certain Rovers and 
 Theeves, whofrom thence ufed to make many rodes into the peaceable parts of that Province. 
 The principal and chief perfcn o'iVergium<\n\\. the place, and betook himfelf nnto the Conliil, 
 andbe^an toexcule as well himfelfasihe Townfmen ; faying, that thegcernment oftheTown I 
 and thedatethereoflay not in their hands. For why ? thefe robbers after they were once received 
 inamongthem, feizedthemfelves wholly of that (irength, and had allac theircnmmand. The 
 Conful willed him to go hom.e again, and to devife and forge fomc likely and probable canfe why 
 he had been abfent and ORtottbeway ; with this charge and dired^ion, that vvhen he fawhim 
 approach under the walls, and the robbers aforefald wholly amufed and occupied in defence 
 thereof, then he fhould remember to Join with the reRot his part and faction, and be poflefled 
 of the fortrefs and hold of the To wn.This put he in praclife and execution accordingly. So whiles 
 the Romans of one f.de fcaled the walls, and they on the other fide had taken the fortrefs, thefc 
 barbarians were fnddainly at oncefurprifed with a two-tolcffcarbefore and behind. The Conful 
 when he had gotten the place into his own hands, gave order, that all thofe who were gotten jj . 
 into the Caflle and held it, fl-iould remain free, themfcKes and all theirkinred, and likewife en- 
 joy their goods. The re(f of the Vergetans he commanded the Treafurer to fell and make mory 
 of'them. As for the Rovers, they luffred according to their deferts. After he had fet the Pro- 
 vince in quiet, he laid great tributes and impofls upon the mires of iron and filver: whichbeing 
 once ordained and ellablifiicd, the whole province grew in wealth and riches, every day more 
 than other. For thefe hi- exploits atchieved in ^pti^, the LL. of the Senat decreed, that there 
 fliould bea folemnprocelTionat ^owfjtoendnre forthreedayes. _ 
 
 The fime winter, L, VaUrws FUccus the other Conful. fought \nFrnyice a fet field with the 
 power of the Boians, ncer theforeflof L(/<i»'<!.and wan the vicfory. And by report, there were 
 eight thoufand Gauls there flain: the relf abandoned the war and ilipt every one into their own L 
 Hamlets and Villages. The reft ot'the winterthe Cof. kept his army ac '7'/^ri'»:.4 and Trfwo;?** a- 
 bout the Po-, and repaired in thefe Cities whatfoever had been decaied and demolifhed during 
 
 the wars. 
 
 Theaffa'Ts in fra'yspd 5p.«/« Handing in thefe terms: when?'. Quint iusbtd fopaffedthe win- 
 ter in Greece-, the fetting afidethe Atolians (who neither had been recompenced according to - 
 the hope that they conceived of theviftory, nor yet could longtime like of repofe) all Gr^ere 
 throughout in general enjoyingthebkfTing of peace and liberty, flouriflied and mainteined their 
 fhteexeeding well, admiring no lefs the temperance, juflice, and moderationof the Roman 
 Gerprjl after vi6>ory,th.in his valour and prov\efs in war: there was an A-fl ot the Senat of ^owi? 
 brouj;f,i :-nd prefentcd unto him, importing thusmuch, That war was determined againftiV^^/Vj^ 
 the tyrant of (be Lacedemonians. Which when Qtiir:titi5hid read, hepiiblifhed and proclaimed' 
 r. genera! Diet or Courcelat Corifstha^imii acertainday- when and where aU the States affociats 
 fliould .ifl'.mble by their delegats and Embafladors. Now when there was m.et together from all 
 parts a 'r?qiient number of Princes and great perfonages, in fuchfort, that the very iEtolians alfo 
 v\crenor ibknt ^Qui^tittsKikd unto them this orthelikefpeech." The Romans & Creels have 
 *•• v.jrred d<j;ain(l King Philip^?, ye well know ; and as with onemind and common counfelthey 
 "hnefodore, fo eitberof them had feveralquarrelsunto him, andprivatcaufesand occafions 
 " b/thcmfelvesto take arms. For P/j;//p had broken the league and amity with us Romans,one 
 ''while by fending aid and maintenance to the Carthaginians our enemies : btherwhiles by aflail--, 
 '* ingoiirallies in thi fe p irts : and to you wards he hath fo demeaned himfelf that albeit we coulcf.N 
 '"foT^ct and put up allthe wrongs that he hath done unto us, the very injuries that ye have re-'^ 
 « ceived at his hands, miniltcr fufficient caule unto usto war againfthimforyourfake. Asfor" 
 <• thisdaycsconfnltation,itre(Uth wholly inyourlelves. For, thislpropounduntoybu, Whe- 
 '■• theryour willistofuffer y^r^«.f (which as yc know your felves Nal;ii rhe tyrant holdeth) to 
 " remain (iill imder him in obedience : or whether you think it meet and reafon,that amoft noble 
 "and ancient City as it is, featcd in the very heart o{ Greece, fhould be reduced unto liberty, to 
 " fiijoy the farrcccndition and Hate wherein other QxiKSoi Pch-pomufus and Greece do^iod. 
 " This ccnultaiion Ifay, as you well fee, entirely touchethyou and your good,andconcerneth 
 *'■ usRom.insno farther than thus, that by thefervitude of that one only City, we can not have' 
 "the fullar.d entire glory of fetting 6 vcfcf wholly in liberty. Butifyou regard not the fhte of q 
 ' * that City, ard ?rc not moved wiih the example thereof and tbedanger, for fear the contagion 
 *' of t.his mifchieffpRd farther : we for our parts are content, and take all in good worth, and will 
 " not flit yon down and teach you what to do. Only I require your advice in this point, mind- 
 •^ ingto refol'.e upon that whichtheMajorpart of youfhallcarryby voices. Afterthe Roman 
 Genera! had ended his fpeecb,all therefl began to deliver their opinions. And when thedepoted 
 delegate or agent for the Athenians had magnified and extolled as highly aspoffibly he could,the 
 
 good
 
 The four and thirtieth Boo\of T, Li vius. <jg^ 
 
 A good demerits of the Romans towards Grpfr^,yielding them great thanks, that upon their reque/l 
 rheyhad granted them aid againtt PA;/;;., and without any petition at all,oftered their help and 
 facLOur againit Nabu the tyrant j and Icemed therewith to be offended and dilpleafed at fome 
 who neverthelefs in their talk and ipeechesfoundfaultand carped at thel'efooreat favours and 
 defens ; yea, and ipake badly of future events, whereas it behoved themrathcr''to acknowledge 
 andcon'els how much they were bound and beholden already to the Romans for oood turns 
 palt : it well appeared thathe pointed out direftly the .€toUans,and girded a: them."-\vhereup- 
 "on ^;7<?AvWi?r,a principal! and chief man of their nation, inveighed HrHagaind the Atlicnians 
 *' who having been in times pad the head Captains and maintainers oifreedom,betraied now the 
 " common • aute,for love ot their own privat flatteries.Moreovcr,hecomplained that the Achi- 
 
 B " ans,vvho hrit lerved Ihltf in his vvars,and at the laH ( when they faw him down the wind and 
 '' tortune to frown upon him) fell away like difloyal traitors & pofleffed them:elv es o{ Corinth to 
 " their own behoof pratftiiing alio to compafsand gain unto them the City of Anjos. As'for the 
 " ^tolians, the hrli and prindpall enemies of finhf^ and alwaies allies and friends to the Ro- 
 
 ... pretendmg an outward lliewja 
 
 " vain lice and colour ot liOerty,held the Cities of Chdcis and Dewctn.u with ftronggarrilbns: 
 "and yet when /"^/z^madeiomeBayand hahing to withdraw and void from thence^his armed 
 " guards,they wereever wont to objedt and lay,that Greece would never be in freedom/o long as 
 
 C '■ Chalcts;Dcr,:ttr!a,s ^nA Corinth were in his hand : and finally he aliedged againlf them, that un- 
 '' der pretence of Argosvd^ Nabis-) they fought occalion to remain Hill in Greece and keep their 
 '' armies there. Let them fquoch he^ tranfporc their legions once into [tJy . the i£tolians would 
 ••' then undertake and promilcMhat Nahu fliould remove his garrifon out of Ar^os,vpoa compo- 
 '' l.tion and with good will, or elfe they would compell him by force and arms, to be over-ruled 
 *'by thepuiffanceofall 6Vf,?£runited together in one generallconfent. By this vain babble of his 
 be rouled j^nflenm hrli, the Praetor ot the Achians, who fpake in this wife. Never will Jupiter 
 Opt. Max. quoth he, and Qiieen Jtmo the Patronefs of Argos, fuffer that City to be therecom- 
 pence or prixe between the Lacedaemonian Tyrant, and thefe pilling and thieving ^tolians : to 
 be broiiEhtro this hard point and thele terms of extremity, as to fuliainmore milery and calami- 
 
 D ty when it j; recovered by us,than when ic was won and taken by him. O Qjuntius-, it is not the 
 feaiyiu', Serweenusand them that can defend us from thefe robbers. What will then become of 
 us.incafc they fhould make chemfelves a fort and CaPJe ofrtrength in the midit oi Peloponnefm ? 
 Noughc tiavetheyofthe Greeks but their language, like as they carry nothing of men but their 
 fliape ,-.nd viljge. For look into their mannersjtheir fafhions and behaviour> they are more rude 
 and cruel! than any birbarians, nay, they are more favage than the mofi wild and ravenous beaifs 
 th.it be. We befee.h you therefore O Romans.boih torecover ^r/«out ofthehands of.V^^Ar, 
 andalfotoelfablifh theStaieof (7rfecfinfuch fort, that ye leave thefe parts alfo fafe and fecuree- 
 noughlromtherobberiesandtheevinghoHility of thefe ^toiians. Tiie Roman General! Ouiu- 
 //w,feeingthem of all fides to blame and rebuke the i£coh3nS;faid, that he would have anfwered 
 
 E them himfclf but that he perceived them all lb hatefully bent againff them, that more needlull ic 
 vvasthatthey were to be appeafedjthan farther provoked And therefore holding him "elf fatisfied 
 and'contented with that opinion which was conceived of theRomans and .£tolians,hefaid,th3C 
 he would demand what their pleafure was to advife, concerning the war againftAT.i^^j-.unlefs he 
 rendred ^r-jr^Af tothe Achxans? And when they all were of one mind to make war, heex!)orced 
 them to fend aids proportionab!y to the power and (Irength of each State and City. To the. £to- 
 lians hefent an EmbalTador, more to difcover and lay open their intention ( as it fell ouc accor- 
 diDgly)than upon any hope he had to obtain ought at their hands. Unto the Provolt Marflials of 
 thecamp.hegavecommandment to fend for the army from £/wf/<r. 
 
 About this time, when thcEmbalTadors of King Antiochns came unto him to treatabout 
 
 F alliance and a league, he anfwered, That he could fay ncjthingto them nor determine of that 
 point intheabrenccofthofcDelegatsaboveiaid; and therefore they were to repair unto the Se- 
 nat of RnfKf, Then, himfelf in perfon prepared to make an expedition and voyage againlf Argosy 
 with thofe forces which were brought from ELnia. And when he was about C7((?>.,e, Arifl£nus 
 the Prxtor, with loooofoot of Achsans, and icoohorfemet himintheway: and not far from 
 thence they joyncd both theirforces and encamped together. The next day after they came down 
 into the Plainof v4r-(^o;..3ndchoreaplacetofortifie and lye in leaguer about four miles from Ar- 
 _j'«,Now was Pyihagnroi the Captain of the Lacedxmonian garrilon, who had both married the 
 tyrant his dauglifer, and was his wives brother befides. This Pyth.'goras againil the coming of 
 theRomans, had fordfied with ftrong guards both the Callles ( for two there are within Argos) 
 
 Q and other pUces,which either had eahe acceis or were lufpe^}ed,Bat as he was employed in thefe 
 prov'lions rnd preparations, he cor.ld nor diffembe and hide 'he fear which tliis arrivall and ap- 
 prrvich of the Romans Hrake into him: and behde this forraincerrourfrom without, there hap- 
 red alio an inteHine mutmv within. There was one D.-.mocles an Argive, ( a young Gentleman 
 of .n-irefpirit and courige than wifdom and dilcretion ) who at thefrrtbvinrerpohngamntuill 
 aiJC! ;-5proc«lloath,hsd conferred with certain perfons of goodfufficiency. about expelling the 
 garrilon: but whiles he ftudied tofhengihen the confpiracy and his own fide, he was not well 
 
 O o o affured
 
 ^q5 "The four and thirtieth Boo\ ofT. Livius. 
 
 « i cA tun- 
 iiiiig race. 
 
 affured of their fidelity, and couldnot judge which of them were true and which not. As hetal-H 
 kedupon a time with his complices,the Captain ot the garrilon fent for him by one of his guard; 
 wbereupcn he perceived that his comploc was revealed : he exhorted therefore the confpirators 
 that were in the way to take arms with him, rather than to die by torture upon the rack: andfo 
 with feme few about him he marched forward into the market-place, crying oiten aloud, That as 
 many as loved the fafety of ihe Common- weal {hould follow him as their head and maincainer 
 of their liberty : but no man moved he with his fpeech to go after him and take his part ; for no 
 hope fasv they of any fuccour at all near at hand : fo far off were they from making good account 
 of a lure^iiard of defence. And as helpake thofe words, the Lacedaemonians were come round 
 about him,and killed both him and his fellows. After this were others alfo apprehended ; the 
 moft part of ihem were flain,and fome few caft into prifon. A great number the night following I 
 fliddownthewallby ropes,and fled to the Romans. Thefeaflured the Romans, that if their ar- 
 my had been near the gates the commotion and confpiracy atoreiaid would have taken effeftiand 
 in cafe their camp approached nearer, the Argives would not be in quiet, but make fome infur- 
 re<StioD : whereupon Ouintim fent out the footmen lightly appointed, together with the horfe- 
 raen ; who skirmifhed with the Lacedsmonians about CyUr.ibis ( a publike Icbool and place of 
 exercife about a quarter of a mileoutoftheCity J who werefallied out at the gate, and without 
 any oreat difficulty chafed ihem within the town : and in that very place where theconfliit was, 
 the RomanGenerall encamped.One day heipent in efconting an eipiall, whether any new trou- 
 ble snd uproars arofe among them within the City. But when he perceived onte that they were 
 all amort for fear, he afl'emtiled x Councill to take advice, VVhetfier he were belt to give the af- j( 
 fault upon .^r^o^, or no ? All the heads of Gr^fCf, {, exc£\)i ^rtfiaum) agreec^'wiih one accord, 
 that fin.e there was no other caufe of war elfewhere, it fhould begin there efpeci.Uly. Q^tintius 
 jnnocsfe would like of that courle , but willingly he ga\e ear with evident approbation unto 
 ylr!fl<e>!tisAS hediicourfed and reafoned againH the generall opinion and conlenc otthem all : and 
 o ver and befides added thisof himfelt,That conlidering the war was enrerprifed and taken in hand 
 in the behalf of the Argives againlt the tyrant, there was nothing lefs befeeming and more with- 
 out fence,than to leave the enemy himfelf.andto aflail and batter the pooi City of Jrgos.Foih'is 
 part hewould fight at the head e.enagain(UheLaceda:monians and their tyrant, the principall 
 caufe of this war. Then having diflohed the Councill, he fent certain cohorts lightly appointed 
 to purvev llore ot grain. As much as couid be found ripe in thofe parts was cut,mowed and rea- l 
 ped down immediatiy a-d laid up: sll th:i was green they trampled under foctand fpoiled^that 
 the enemies l>'on alter might have no good thereof. So he diflodged and removed from thence, 
 and haviPi; pafud over the mountain F. «;.,«/«#, at three daies end he encamped in the territory 
 otc ;rr.«ne.r to e^ •'. In which place he expedted the aids of his allies before he would invade 
 iheterritorv o: the enemies. From/'-../p there came a thoufand and five hundred Macedoni- 
 ans, and of 'heffilians forty hone. I he Roman Generall Ifaid not now for fuccours of men 
 (whereof he h.id ;iiffi lent and plenty )butforhis provifion of vi£iuals;Which he had comman- 
 ded the town- bordering near hand to furnifh him withall. Befides there came great forces by fea, 
 and met him there : for by this time was Lucius Ouintius:>:i\\td with forty fail from Leucas : al- 
 fo eiohteen covered fiiips ot Rhedes. And now alio was EHruenes the King, about the Iflands Cy- y, 
 chdes.wkh ten clofe hatched and decked fhipsihirty gaHions,with other Imaller veflels among,of 
 fundry forts. Likewife ofLaceda:mom3ns that were exiled and baniflied perfons. there were very 
 many ; who,chafed and driven out by the opprcffionand wrongfull dealing of their tyrants, re- 
 paired now into the Roman Camp, in hope to recover their native country again. Now a great 
 many had been e>;pulied in divers and lundry ages, fince time that the tyrant firft ufurped rule,and 
 were pofTelfed of L.iccd<tmon. The chief of ihefe exiled perfons was one Ageftfolii-, amanto 
 whom by right of defcent and linage the inheritance of the kingdom of Lr.cednmon appertained. 
 He whiles he was but an Infant hspned to be expelled by L^-a/f^;// after the death of C/fowf»«, 
 who was the firft tyrant at Laceddmon. 
 
 The tycant befet thus round about with wars threatning both from fea and land, and deftitutc 
 inmannerofallhope, ( coniidering the proportion of his forcesto the power of his enemies: J ^ 
 yet neverthelel's negledtcd not to wage war, but levied out of CrrM one thoufand more('even the 
 chofcn flower ot all their youth ) to the other thoufand that he hadfrom thence already. He had 
 befides of merccn.iry louldiers three thoufand inarms : alfo ten thoufand of his own fubjefls and 
 Citizens of L.wcdn >ion^ together with thofe that he had taken out ofthe burroughs and villages 
 in the country. Moreover, he fortified the City wi'htrenih'and mure. And that there might 
 arifc no trouble and (tir within the town, he held the fpirits of men in awe with fear of fharp 
 and rigorous punifliments. Andforafmuch as he could not hope nor imagine that they defired and 
 wifhed his good and fafety/orthat he held fome Citizens infufpitionand jealoufie: after he had 
 brought t'orth ail his forces into the plain, which they call * Dromos, he commanded the L-iceds- _ 
 monians to aflcmblc together without any armour and weapons to an audience ; and when they 
 were afl'embled he environed them with his armed guard. And after fome few remonlhances by 
 way of a iliort preamble, Why they ought fo hold him excufed atfuchatime, if he feared every 
 thirg, andmade ahfureaswellas hecould: confidering withall, it was expedient even for them ■ 
 alfo (as many as theprefentftateof the world might bring in fufpition)to be kept fhort for being 
 abic tc execute any attempt. rather than be furprized in the midrt of their praftifes and complots, 
 
 aid
 
 The four and thirtieth Boo^of T. Li vius. 60 7 
 
 A and fo be punifhed accordingly : even for this caul'e (quoth he ^ I will have certain perfons in fafe 
 cuftody and durance- umillluch timeas the cempeft be overb ovv; whidi now is toii ing And 
 when the enemies be once rcpulled (from whom id's danger thtre wiii h*-\n cile clomehi< a.l trea- 
 fons may be preventedjthen incontinently will I enlarge them .uid Lt ttiem 2: iibt;rty. 1 Ins laid, 
 he commanded the names to be tailed ot foiirlcore or thereabout oftheprincipail of the youth; 
 and as every one of chem anfwcred tohisname,hecIapt him upfiii inpriion: and thenejit n'ght 
 following, murdered them every one. After this, certain Hots ( tbefe were they whoeicrof old 
 time were the Burghers znd Villagers, a kind ofpeafancs and country kcrns)vve:e aciui'ed co have 
 intended to flie unto the enemy and to band with him: who likewie were wipped &:iLoargt.'d 
 throughout all the Hreets^and thenput to death. By the fe.u'uii example of this triicry thetf U- 
 
 B rages of the tommonfort were well cooled and abated jea^and ;o Jltonied, that they diul't not 
 once quetch nor give attempt of any new dehgnments fending to change and alterjtion. His for- 
 ces he kept within his llrengih and places ot defence, tor neither thought he himicife firong e- 
 nough to enter the field and fight a{etbattell,nordurH abandon the City feeingthemmd? of men 
 fo waveripg,and their affedions fo unconliant. 
 
 jQ««»»itt having made his provifion and fet all things in good order, departed from his flan- 
 ding camp, and tliefecond day came to ScHacui uponihe river Of ?/.< .• in whivh very place -^ >ti- 
 goKKs fomeiime King of the Macedonians liruik a battcll ( men fay ) with Cleomeneii''.\Q tyrant of 
 ibeLacedimonians. And there, having intelligen-.e, that from then, e he wns to mount upan 
 hard afcent and narrow paflrage,he fet alliorc tompafs throuduhe mountains, haviri; leuihciorc 
 
 C certain men to levell the ground and make the way e\en, and fo got into a large and hroad port- 
 gate.untill he cameto theriver Es-roioi-, whiih innneth in manner lisrd underthc wrils of the Ci- 
 ty of Sparta: where, as the Romans weie pitchingtheir tents, e\ en a? 0_';//2.'/>/!umft!rwith the 
 horfcmen and light van-courriers gone before, the Au.\iliJricsof the tyrant charged upon them: 
 who looking tor nothing lefs,becaufe no man had encountrcd them sll the way a<: ihcy miri-hed, 
 but paffed on in their journey as in a peaceable country, were much troubled and .itfrit;ined here- 
 with. This fear ot theirs continued a good time, wliilethehorfemen called upon the footmen, 
 and tbcy again untothehotfemen; and both the one fort and the other iruHed inthcmfclvesbuc 
 
 ^ little ornothing at all. At length thelfandards ol the legions with cheircni-gn-i nmc orward ; 
 and were within light, and fo loon as the companies of the vanguard advanced forth to fight, 
 
 D they who etewhile terrified others, were driven in tearfullhaOe themfelves into the City. The 
 Romans being retired lb far from the wall, asthatthey were withoutdjrt-fliot, (loodawhile 
 ranged in battell array. But after that they fa w none of the enemies come abroad againlt them, 
 returned to their leaguer. The next day 3\ztr Q^mtifu took his way and marched with hisarmy 
 in order of battell along the town fide, nearnntotheriverhardat the toot of the hill Mtt-iahis. 
 The companies of the legionary footmen led the march in the vanguard, thelii;ht foocmcn and 
 the horfemen followed inthercreward ard Banked the rtli.A^ii'w kept within rhe walls bis mer- 
 cenary fouldiers ( in whom he repofed greatell confidence ) arranged under their eniigns, r.nd in 
 readinefs to fight, purpohng to charge the back of his enemies. And tlie rercgnard oft he Romans 
 was not fo foon paffed by ,but they tallied out of the town at fiindry pla. e> at once wi;h as ti)mul- 
 
 £ tuous a noife as they made theday betore..^pp/« ( /iW-^/had the leading of the rercward,who 
 having prepared beforehand the hearts ofhislouldier-:, and advertized them to heprcif and ready 
 for what occurient foever might happen.prefently turned the enfign- and tec a ccmpif; widi the 
 whole army to make head againft the enemies. Whereupon there cnfued a hoi light whi.h endu- 
 red a good time as if two armies had dirertlyencoumrcd one another. In the en.l,thc iouldicrs 
 of A/4^« began to give ground and flie: in which flight of theirs they had midelcfshili and bet- 
 ter favedihemfelvesbuc that the Achxans who wereacquaintcd well with thcground and knew 
 ihecoaflsot thecouniry, hotly followed the chafe: theiemadc a lo'si llaughter 3rd butchery a- 
 mong them ; and the moft part,fuch as were difperled here and therein their flight they difarmed. 
 Then ^«(ar*«f en.amped near unto Amyr'^t-, and having harncd and a-af^cd all the territory 
 
 F round about the City ( which places were very well peopled ard very pleafant :) when he law 
 no enemies iffue out at the City gates, he removed his camp hard to the li^erEuroiM. From 
 whence he made excarfions, wafted all the vale lying under the hili Taii^dus ^vd the lands butting 
 and adjoyning clofetothefea. 
 
 Much about the fame time L. Qui-nisis made him''elf Mifcr nftletowns, finiuon the lea 
 fide: fome yielded willingly, others for fear or per:oriC. And being altenvardsadcertied that the 
 town (77ttA#«»»ferved for a pliceof fafe retreat and refuge unto the Lacedxmoni.-m in all theic 
 exploits and fervice at lea, and chat the Romans by encamped not far from the fei l"de j he refol- 
 ved to aflail it with all forcible means.This town at that time w:s very flrong well peopled with 
 Citizens and other inhabitants, and fufficientlyfurnin-.ed with all warlike provifoT and munition. 
 
 Q And in very good time it fell out, tharas ^<»f/«f was entred into this difificulcentcrprirej King 
 £«we«f jand'theRhodian fleet arrived. A mighty nivnbcrof mariners and fea-fervicors, gathe- 
 red out ofthree Armadoes, within few dales inade ard furnifliedallerginsandfahc'cks, which 
 were to affault a City fo wel fortified both by lea and land. Now was the town •wail broken down 
 with the undermining of the tortures. novv was the wall fhaken by the pufh of the r im,">nd with- 
 all there was one tower thacby continnall battery was overthrown, and with ihefall thereof- 11 
 the wail that Rood of each fide came tumbling down and lay along. And the Romans endeavon- 
 
 O o o 2 red
 
 <$Qg The four and thirtieth Boo\ off, Livius. 
 
 red it one time to enter the towD,boih from the haven(where the paffage was more plain and et- H 
 
 he ) to ihe end , that the enemies might abandon the defence ot t he more open place ; and alfo at 
 the breach made in the wall: and they mifled but very little of entrance there where they inten- 
 ded but. the hope they conceived ofyielding the City,which anon was eroded 3gain,and turned to 
 nothini^, daid iheir violence and heat ofalVault. DexagondoiXtidGorgefM oo^stntd v\\t\.ovix\ 
 then inTquall aiutioiity. Dexagoridat had difpatched a coiirher to the Roman lieutenant, to fig- 
 nifiethaL he would betray the town ; and when-the time and place of execution of this defign- 
 ment was aercx-d upon between them, the traitor wis^^Hed by (jtf>xo/)«if : by occafion whercot; 
 the City was tt)e better defended w ith more carefuh heeaby,him alone; yea,and the affault iher- 
 ofhad been more diffi-ult, but that ;/;;« i^//««n»«cameiofuccour andheip with four thoufand 
 chofen fouidiers. He was nolooner diaovered with an army arrangedin battell array from the i 
 brow and top oUhe hill that is not far didart irom the town; whiles L. Q^HimiusW\\hi\\iiom. 
 another lide fo Jo wed the aiVauli with his ordnan.e and artillery both by fea and land but GorgofM 
 then bcanhimilUtodefpairin vciydeed and was driven perforce to take that very courle.which 
 in another he had punifhed by death : and upon compol.tion that he might depart and have a way 
 with him thofe fouldiers which he had in gatrifonjie delivered up the City toQuiKtitu. 
 
 Before that Gytthnfm was rendered , Pyth/tjorM left as Captain at Argos^ leaving the guard and 
 defcnie of the City unto the charge of Timocraas of Pclle»a^ came with a thoufand waged foul- 
 diers, iiid two thoufand Argives unco Ndu at Lacedamm, And Nabif like is at thefirlt arrivall 
 ofthe Roman (lee:, andthefurrenderwithallofihe K.nvnsUanding by thefeafide, wasmuchaf- 
 fri'^'httdjlohe had recovered againfomehttle hope and was weh quieted in mind, lolong asGyr-i^ 
 theum held out itill & his garriion within the town kept their own.But after he heard once,that 
 it alfo was yielded unto the Romans,ard loli ; feeing no hope left by landfide,which was wholly 
 pofltikd by the enemies, and that he was altogether fliut up from the fea. he thought it beft to 
 vieid uutotoituoe.Andfirrt hefent an herald into the cam p. to know whether the enemies wotrld 
 permit and iuffcr him to fend his Embalfadors unto them. Which being granted, F^r/i./^tf)-*** re- 
 paired unto the Gcnerall with no other charge and commilTion, but only to requeli thatthety- 
 rant mi"ht pari v\iih theRoman Generall. hereupon the Councill was aflembled : and generally 
 opined it. was that there fSonld be granted unto him a conference ; iniomuch, as both time and 
 place was agreed upon and appnirted. Now when they were come to the hils (landing in the 
 midif of that quarter ,with fome fmail companies of fouldiers attending on either hde upon them/fil 
 they left their cohorts behind th';m, landing in guard, within the open view and fioht of both' 
 parts : and then NaLu came down wiclt a certain chofen guard for his body ; and jQ^ixtiui ac- 
 Lompmic-d with his brother £«/■;(;;« the Kirj,6'(/^//^2«theRhodian.and^r//?/jf»»/thePrstor' 
 of the Achzans.withiomefew Knight Marlliaisand Colonels. And then the tyrant being put to 
 his choice, w het her he would fpcak firll,or hear another ,began his fpeech in this wife. 
 ThcOrnion '■ H I could hav ebethoughc my feif(0 ^'j'Kf'fn and you all that are hereprefent)Sc imagined 
 oiNibif '-what thecaiiielliould be,; hat you either proclaimed or made warfirHagainft me. I would have 
 '»■ attended tf.e ilfue of my fortune with filence. tiut now I could not have that Maftery and com- 
 '* mand of my fclfto forbear, but ihit before 1 pcrifli, I would needsknovv thereafon and caufe 
 " of my ruin ard overthrow. Surely if yewercluch men as the Carthaginians are reported to be' j^ 
 '■ f with whom there i.s no regard of truth, no trult and fecurity in covenants offociety andalli- 
 "•ance)I wou'.d not then marvcll aia 1 if you made fmall reckoning, & cared but little whatmea- 
 " fiue ve offered unto me. But now, when I behold and advife yon well, I fee you are Romans, 
 " whole manner i.'^ to cntcruin moll duly and precifely the obferiationotholy rites & divine Re- 
 '' lioion and the faithf jI keeping of human league and alliance.When I confider and look into my 
 
 * fcit 1 hope and think verily that lam one, with whom ingeHeraIl,as well as with the reft of the 
 <Laccda.monians ye are linked by vtriucofa moft ancient lesgue;and m particular regard of my 
 '■Meif,ap;iv at amity and fociety hath been lately renewed by the war with Philip, Butperadven- 
 '•ture fome man will lay, That I havebrokenand ovei thrown the fame firfl,in that Ihold theCi- 
 *■'■tvofthc Argivcj.And how Hiall 1 be able to anfwer this. and excufe my felf? Shall Ipleadtcthc j^ 
 '■ fubftane otthc matter or to the circumllance of thet'me.^The thingit felfprefenteih unto me 
 
 '■ a twofold plea for my defence.Forbein^. called by the inhabitants themfelves of the City, who 
 " offered the tovvn unto me 1 received it at their hands, and in no wi'e feizcd upon it by force : I 
 
 ♦ received it. ) fay, whenithdcd and took part with Phil/p, before it was comprifed within your 
 '• iea'Hie.Asfot the time it juiiiheth and Jeareth me alfo and my doings. For even then when as I 
 >•' wasp<"'lVc(l"ed of Jrfos,l was al.ied and aflociat with you in good accord: and in ourcovenants, 
 •r^ wc articled and capitilated to fend aids unto you for your wars,and not to withdraw the gar- 
 '■ rii'onfrom y^-rco/.Aud verilyin thi-ditierence andquefiicn about -^r_^oj, Ihave the vantage, as 
 *■' well iiireg.ivd of tlie equity oi"thefa£i( inthat I received a City not of yours but of your ene- 
 
 -■• mies received it luy net lurpriied by for.e,but offred and delivered willingly ) asalfobyyour q 
 *'■ own confeiTion. for I hat in the conditions ot the aflociation agreed between us, ye left y^fr^o; 
 'M'ree unto mc.Buc it may be that the name of tyrant hurteth me: and fome ofmineafticns con- 
 ' dcmnme much.,and namely ,thai I let {lavc> free and divide landsto the poor commons. As for 
 '- the name thus much 1 am able toanfwcr: that,futh asIam,betterorworl"e,ftillIamthevery 
 ' lameman, and no other than I was when you, even you 0^//'«r;«.f,entred alliance with me: 
 '•ihen.I temembei welLI was called Kingamongyou: and now I fee lam termed a Tyrant. And 
 
 therefore
 
 The four and thirtieth Boo^of T. Livius. ^Jqq 
 
 A " therefore if I my felf had changed the tide and ftileof my dignity and government, I muft have 
 **yieldeda reafon and account of my levity and inconftancy: but feeing you have altered it,yc 
 '* ought to anfwer for your vanicy.Now as concerning the multuude,fo augmented by the enfran- 
 *'chifing ofllaves >as touching the land alio, parted and diliributed among the poor and needy j 
 ** I cin maintain and juliifie my doings heidn,Si protect me under the defence and priviiedge of 
 " the very time. For all thefe things ,be they as they be may, I had done already,when ye made a 
 *' league and covenant with me, and recei\ ed aids at my hand in the waragainlt f/j////. But in cafe 
 <' I had done fo at this very prefencl itand not now upon this,whecher I either had offended you 
 " or broken your amity,bHt thus mui.h I aver, that done I had according to the cuHom and faflii- 
 '*onofouranceHor4. And ye muH not think to Iquareandtrythepradfifeof L^rf^icwowaccor- 
 B^dingtothe rule and fquare of yonr ..jvvs and ordinances. For to let pafs many other things('and 
 *' necdisfs it is to i.omp<>re pa : ti. nun ;ye i. huie your gentiemen or men of arms according to their 
 •* revenue: according to re^ eui>i.- y c : huie like wile the footmen. Your will is that lome few fhould 
 " ex dl in we.<Uh and power & t:ie ommons be tubjeit and vafl'als unto them. OurLaw-giver 
 *' ihougiit not good that iheiommonweaiih fliould be ruled by afevv,whomyoucalaSenat;nor 
 " that one or two Stpie.thouid excel 8c ha\e preeminence in the City; but he thoughtthjt in the 
 *' equality of wealth & vvorlhipjthete would be miny more to bear arms for their couniry.I have 
 *' made a longer difcourle I .onicfs than the ordinary and natural * brevity of our fpecch in thefe "Hsreupan it 
 *' parts wiU beit.And Imight have knit all up in one word andfaid.ih.it I had done nothing ^f- "»a<b»c ihcy 
 " ter I wasentred into amity with you,wherewith y ou neeaed to have taken any offeree & been ^jH ar'd**'- 
 
 C '^difpleafed Then the Roman General made anfwti- to thele points in thi? manner.Nofiiendftiip thy.arefaid 
 " nor affociationatall have we made with you but vvith Wo/>/thetrue & lawful K. of the Lace- tofpcak imt' 
 " dimonians:whereof-,I murt needs fay that the tyrants alfo who afterwards held the feignory & ""' = *•"* "'^" 
 *' foveraigoty of L,'.ced(tmo»,h3.ve ufurped the right,and enjoyed the benefit during the time that '"*""" °f 
 *' we were otherwife employed, and wholly bufiedone while in the Punick wars,another whiles il'dLmnUmiis. 
 "in the Gauls,and evermore in one or other: like as you alio have done in this lad Macedonian The anfwer o{" 
 *' war.For what was lefs unfitting and more abfurd, than for us wfco waged war againll Phtlipioi ■^uhuiui* 
 *'theliberty of Gr^rcfjto conclude amity with atyrant?and fuch a t)rant,asofall others that ever 
 
 ^ *■ havebeen is moft cruel, mo(i violent and outragicus witbhis ownTubjefts ? And confidering 
 " that we were entred into the courfe and train of fetting all Greece.it liberty, albeit you had not 
 
 D *' poflefled your felf ot Ar^^os by covin^nor held thefame by force.yet it behoved us to rellore La- 
 '■'■ ceditmon alio to her ancient liberty, and to fettle her in her ownlaws, whereof erewhile you 
 •' would feem to make mention,as if you had followed the fleps of Lycurgw. Shall we m ake care 
 " and take the pains to void the garrifons of Philip out of lafus & Bargilk: and when we have fo 
 *' donejeave to be trodden under your feet Ar^os Sc LaCedsmon^ two molt noble Cities, the two 
 *' lights as it were in times paft ol all Greece; which remaining ftiil in fcrvicude and flavery,mighc 
 <f deface the reil of our glory ;& mar the title that we aim at,of Saviour j snd Deliverers of Greece> 
 *'• But you fay, that the Argives friended Plnlip and took his part. We are content well enough, 
 " that you (hould not trouble your (elf.and be angry for our lake. For we know for certain, that 
 •'this was the fault oft wo or three perfons at moli and not of the whole City: and weknowas 
 
 £"well, that it was not agreed in any publike councill, that you and yoi^r garrifon were lent for 
 '• and received into the Cartle. Asfor theTheffalians.the Phceins, SiLocrians, they fided with 
 " Philipwz wot right well,by a general confent of alhand yet when we enfranchif'td all Greece be- 
 *' fides,we alfo fecthem at liberty. What think you then fliould we do in regard of the Argives, 
 *^ who are innocent for anypublike counfel intended againftusr Youfaid tint you were blamed 
 *' & charged fore for fetting bondflavesfree.No fmallobjefllons thefcate,Iaffureyou,not oflic- 
 " tie importance.But what are theyin comparifon of other bad partsand I'cinousfadts.commit- 
 "tedbyyouand yourfollowersday by day, one in the head of another: Grantbntliberty of an 
 *' Affembly genera! cither at Argos or L.u:ditmon wherein the people m ":y Ipeak their minds free- . " 
 
 " ly, and what they know by you without empeachment : if you would learn the truth indeed, 
 
 F ''and hearthcparticul.ir ofamoUproudand unfupponable dominion and tyranny. And to let all 
 " old matters go by. What a bloudy mafl'acre committed this fon in la w o- yonrs Pjtha^orof.tv^a 
 " almoft within my very fight in Ar^^os'^ nay,what a flaughter and butchery made you your felf, 
 " even wheni was wel-near within the marches of Laccde--,Jo^i}Tivi come on:thofe perfons whom 
 " in a generall affembly you caufed to be attached, and promifed in the prefence ofall theCiti- 
 " zens to keep them lie and lutein ward : come on, I fay, command them to be brought forth 
 " now bound a<". they be : that their poor fathers S: mothers may underdand they areali ve,whoni 
 " they have mourned ;"orfomuch,withoutcaufe,as if they had been dcid.But yon will fay,fet cafe 
 *' all this be true ,what h that to you Romans?Dare you indeed fpeak out and lay Co much to thofe 
 " that deliver Gr rce and fet it free ? to thofe I fay, that for the freedom thereof have paflcd the 
 
 q" feas have warred both by land andfea? And yet all this v^rhilei' fay you)I have nordire6fly &t^^- 
 "ly wronged you,nor properly infringed & broken your friend fliip and amity.No have you not? 
 *' How ouen would you have me to convince you of the contrary?But I willnot ufe many words 
 *' & much cir" im'iance but come to the very catch and point of the matter.What be the things 
 " I pray yoa, wherewith fiendlliip is commonly broken? I take it they arethei'etwo efpe.ially, 
 " namely,if you ' ike my friends for your foes ; and joyn your felf to my enemies.You have done 
 *' both the one and the other: foryou have taken by force and zrms Mefena, a City received 
 
 O o 3 into
 
 'The four and thirtieth Eoo\ ofT, Livms, 
 
 '* into bur fociecy and alUanceby the very fame condicions and covenants that LaceddmVn was ; H 
 
 *' yon I fay our allie,have forced a City alHed unto us.Again,with Phil/p our ereir.y ycu have not' 
 
 f' only concluded amity, but (God fave all ^ comrafted alliance and affinity by n-.c-ans ot Philodes 
 
 *' a Colonell and Commander of his: and making war againit us, youhave kept the feas all about 
 
 *' Malea with your men of war and rovers: and I think I may fafely fay,you have taken prifoners, 
 
 " and killed more Roman Citizens than Philif himfeif. And the whole fea-coaft of M^edony hath 
 
 " lefs infcRed our fl^ips that ufe to bring prov ifion unto our armiesjasnd been more fafe for paflage 
 
 " than the promo niory & cape of A/^/f^.Do you forbear therefore to make Inch vaunt of fideli- 
 
 "•lity: fpareyou of all other,to fpeak of the rights of alliance ; and laying off the mask ofpopular 
 
 "lanfuac-eandcivillfpeech-xalkasatyrantandenem.y as you sre.Upon this,^r//i'f/;»jdewkwith 
 
 Nabu,one while admonifliing and advertifmg him-,anothcr while requefiing and entreating him, I 
 
 now that the opportunity v^fas offered, to provide for himl'elf and his whole efiate: he began to 
 
 difcourfe umo him of the Tyrants of all' the ftates confning thereabout one after another by 
 
 tiame, who when they had refigned up and laiddown their abfolutefoveaignty of command, 
 
 and rertored liberty iG their fubjet>s, paffed their old ngeamongtheir Citizens^ not only in re- 
 
 pofeand ('c:urlty,bnt alfo in great honour and reputation.Thefe words uttered & heard between 
 
 them to and fro, the night drew on apace 5c parted the conference.The morrow after, Nal>u pro- 
 
 miredleeinc the Romans would have it fo,toquit the City Argos.io withdraw his garrifon from 
 
 thence and to deliver again all the captives and fugitive traitors that were under his hands : and 
 
 if they demanded any more of him, he requefted that they would fet it down in writing, that he 
 
 mioht confnlt thereof with his friends.So^oth the Tyrant had refpit and time granted to take ad- k 
 
 vice', andalfo 0'(«^;f'f«{ate in Counriil with the prinipall heads ofhis allies what to do. The 
 
 ihoiVpart w^tcTof opinion to maintain the war dill and to kill the tyrant out of the w.iy ; for 
 
 never would the liberty of Greece be otherwife firm and fure : and better far had it been, never to 
 
 have entred into arms with him than being once begun to give it over. And he will, fay they, be 
 
 <^reatcr and morefirong hereafter, as if his tyrannicail government were approved,and no doubc 
 
 he would vouch the people of &»/? for author of his unjufl rule and dominion, and will induce 
 
 dnd incite by hi- example many in other free States and Cities, to lie in wait to work means to'o- 
 
 ■^vbrthrow the liberty of Citlzens.and to bring them into thraldom and bondage. TheGenerall, 
 
 'bf himfeif was moresffeifted and inclined to peace :_forhe fa w, " that ifthe enemy wereoncedri- 
 
 '*' ven within the wails, there was no way but to lie in fiegeagainft theCity, and that wouldre-'fi^ 
 
 " quire lono traft of time : forafmuch as it was not Gy-theum (and yet that was betraied and ren- 
 
 " dred and not forced by affault)biit L.ftfi/i«w»»,amo(f firong town both for men and munition, 
 
 " that they were to lay hege unto and affault. And whereas the only hope wasjthat whenthey 
 
 *^ approached with the army, there might fome diffention and fedition have rifen among them- 
 
 '^feives within: now when as they faw the enligns in manner advanced hardto the City gater, 
 
 "there wasnot one thatmutincdorlVnrcd at all. He added moreover and laid, l\\ztVil!iut the 
 
 ■*' Erhb.iffador newly returned fr 5m Antiochtut reported,' how all was not found there, nor the 
 
 ''' pelice like lo continue : and that he had paffed over \vxoE-,:rofs with far greater forces both for 
 
 -.l.ind and at Tea than at any time heretofore: and if (quoth he ^ the army fliould be wholly em- 
 
 ?.nd hdvethe'^overnmehtof the Province of Greece: andfo he fhculd leave unto his fucccffour, 
 ■\hehonour ot theviiftory of a war commenced by him, andingood forwirdnefs. But when he 
 ■perceived thathis allies were nothing inclined to his waies, notwithflandingall his contradifli- 
 "dn ar.d bending to the contrary, by making femblant that he now drew with them and was of 
 ''their mind, he won them all to approve his def.gnmenr and intention. "Well, Godfpeedour 
 
 ■ ,'*' hand (quoth he : Jletus beriegeL^ff^.«ff;5«i',nce ye will needs have it fo : but conhdering that 
 <' the hyincfiege unto Cit"es, is a thing as ye well know, that goeth foflowly forward, and of- 
 
 " tentimes maketh the affailants fooner weary than the defendant? : you o'ughc even now to catt f4 
 V** this account prefently with your fehes, that we muftlie all winter long about the walls of 
 '^^^Lac'-drnw,!. And werethere nothing but travell and perill, that during fo long time we were 
 "[''to 'endure, I would exhortandencourngeyoutofufferand abide thefame, with flout bodies 
 
 ■ •'^'^ and relblute minds. But belldes all that, we muft be at great coft and expences about fabricks, 
 ^*^ engins, and inftruments cf artillery, requiht to theaffault of fo great a City : we muff I fav be 
 *'*^'pK'>vided of viftuals good flore againlf winter, as well to ferve us as you. Be well advifed 
 ^*''t'hcreforefto theend that yon fliouldnotfuddenly in hafie huddle up thefe matters, rr after ye 
 '•''*' jr^ on.e en:rcd into the nilion, give over and abandonit with fhame) that yediipatch 
 ^•♦^^ofir letters afofchand every one to the State wherein'he liveth, and found them to the dcp: h, 
 •"**' how rheir'hea'rts fet ve them and what flrergth and forces they have. Of aids &• fuccours I h -ve o 
 ^1*' cn8Ui;h arid tofpare:but themore in number we are,themorem3intenr.nceflia!lvveneed. At 
 "^'i^is time the tetritory of our enemies hath nothing but bare foiie and naked ground: and 
 ''S^wlrhall, the winter is coming on ap3ce> all which feafon, carriaee (efpecially faroff) iscum- 
 
 '^''i'rotis and hard. This Oration at the firfl- canfed them every one ro regard and look homeward 
 fYa'dbftiellicall difficulties and inconveniences, namely, iheidlenef?, theenvy and backhifng 
 ^ of chofe which tarry at home, againft them that are employed in warfare; thecommon liherty 
 '•^•"f l^-'--' (which
 
 The four and thirtieth Boo{ of T. Livius. 701 
 
 A (which caufeth men ot one fociety and commonalty hardly :o accord and fore together)the pub- 
 like want ofcreafurCjand theniggardKeot'prLvJtc^ierion?, when they arc to part with any thin? 
 out of their own purfes. And therefore ''uddcnly changing their micds, they piiito the difcretion 
 ot the Roman General!, to do and determine what i c thonght expedient for thegood of the 
 people oiRome and their allies. Whereupon ^«.-, f/«i takii:g the advice Oniyof his own Lieute- 
 nants and Provort-MatlTiais, engroiled ihele Articles and conditions followirg, according to 
 which peace fhould be concluded with the Tyrant. Imfnmis-, That there be a trtKemadetonhe 
 term of lix months between Nabis and the Roman. King EufKurcs and the Rhoci,-ns./ff»-,',Thac 
 both T.Quiitiiis and Ndhis iliou;d immediatly fend bmbaffacors to komc^ that the peace n-joht 
 be ratified and conrirmed by the authority ot'the Senat..'fff»5,Thatfiom that day forward. wbere- 
 
 B in the conditions put down in writing Hiould be prciertedunto Nabh-, the trnte aforef^id 
 (hould begin. Itcn:, That within ten d.:ies next alter enfviirg, alt thcg-^rrifcns quit Ar^vs and the 
 reftof the towns within the territory ol the Argives : and then tho;epceces to bedciiveredvoid 
 and free unto the Romans, Iiem^ 1 hat no iLue taken captive in wars> belonsiing either to the 
 Kingjor to any publike liate,orprivace perfon. b^ bad away fromthofc towns : and if any before 
 lime had been carried fonhi they fhouid be relfored again duly to their rigiic Mnficrs, Item., 
 That N.dU fliould deliver again thoie iTiips that he had gotten from the mari-time Cities, and 
 that himfelfhaveno vefl'eilat a.l but only two galiions, and thofc tohave nomore than lix and 
 twenty oars apiece to di:ed and rule them. Jt.m^ That he render all the nmngiie Traitor, and 
 captives unto all the Cities confederate with the peop e of R.on:e^ as alfo make reltitution to 
 
 C the Meflenians of all their goods again, that either could be foundjor the owners know certain- 
 ly to be theirs. /few ,That he rel^oretoall the banifl-iedLacedxmonians their wiies and children; 
 but of the wives, fo many only as would be content to follow their husbauds ; nnd that none of 
 them fhould be compelled agamlf their wills to go with any exiled perfon./ffw,That to as many 
 mercenary fouidicrs of Nabss^zs were either gone from him into their own Cities or to theRo- 
 mans,all their own goods fliould be julliy and truly delivered again. ItaK; That in the Ifland of 
 Crete he flionld not be poffefl'ed of any one City: and look what Citie:; he then held, heyield 
 them to the Romans. Item-, That he enter into aLiance with no Candiot, nor with any other 
 
 ^ whatfoever.nor yet make war with them.* Iiem, That he remove a'l the garrifons out of all the 
 Cities that himfe.fhad delivered up, and which had furrendred themfelves and ali they had,undcr 
 
 D the protedion and obedience of the people of Jiome, and not raoleti them neither by himfelt 
 nor any of his. Item,Thac he build no town nor CaiHe, either in his own land or in any other. 
 ItfM, Tbatfor themoreaffurancepf performing thefe covenants, he give five homages., fuchasic 
 fiiould pleafe the Roman GcT.erall to choofe; and namely, his own fon for one of them. Laft of 
 all, That hemakeprefentpaiment of one hundred talents of hlver, and fifty mdre yearly untili 
 the term of eight years be run our. Thefe Articles engroffed, were icm lo LMcJxmon, after 
 the Camp was removed nearer to the City. But nothing wellpleafed was the tyrant with any 
 of them. Only he was well apaid, that beyond his hope and expectation, there was no menti- 
 on at all therein of reducing the exiled perfons home into the City. But that which offended 
 anddifpleafcd him moll was this, that both fhipping was taken from him, and alfo the maritime 
 
 .£ port towns: for 'great commodity he gat by thefea- in fcouriii g the cojff from ihcc^pccfM.iiea 
 with his pyrats and men of war : and befides, the youth and able men of thoft Ciries, ferved bis 
 turn very well to furnifh and man his fliips with the very belK-juldiersandmenofiervice that 
 were. And albeit he fcanned and confidered upon theie articles in great fecrecy with his friends, 
 yet were they ailof them divulged abroad and current in every mans mouth : fo vain are thefe 
 courtiers commonly and hardly to be trnded, as in all things elfe To efpetially in keeping of fecrec 
 counfcll, Thcfeconditions were controlled and found fault with, noclb much by all men in ge- 
 neral!, as by eachoneinpirticular, as they took exceptions zgainft th^fe points that touched and 
 concerned themfelves. Tfhcy that had married the wives of thebaniflicd, or were poiVeCfed of 
 anypart oftheirfubftance, chafed, and tlormtd thereat, asif they were to lofe and iorgo their 
 ,^F own, and not to render and refiore the goods of others. Thellaves who had been freed by the 
 tyrants, were now not only toloethe benefit of that Ircedom, but alfo to endure harder fer- 
 viiude and bondage thin aforetime; fetting before their eyes how they fliould return again 
 into the houfes and hands of their old Mailers, angry and incenfed now againlt them. The hi- 
 red fouldiersweremilecontent, forihatthey fa w they fliould lofe their pay after peace conclu- 
 ded: and faw full well, that there was no being for them in thofe States and Cities, who bated 
 the tyrants themfelves no more than their followers and atcerdants. At firrt they muttered 
 and murmured, wbi'pering thefe things among themfelves in their fecret meetings and con- 
 venticles: afteC'Vards they muiined, and on a fudden ran and took arms. The Tyrantfee- 
 ing the multitude difquieted enough of themfelves with this tumult, affembled the people to- 
 Qgether. Whereafter he had declared the conditions impoled upon him by the Romans, 
 and in every article had tintruly put to fomewhat of his own deviling, to aggravate all mat- 
 ters and make them feem more grievous and intollerable, at the rehearfing ofevory particular 
 the whole aUcmbly one while cried out, and another while the fundry parts thereof, fet up a 
 note of utterdiflike. Then he asked their opinion whatanfwer they would have him to return 
 unrothofe Articles.andwhst todo ? They »11 in manner with one voice recorded and la-d- that 
 there was no aofwering of the matter, but that he {liould plainly go.to war, and make no more 
 
 ado.
 
 «02 The four and thirtieth Boo\ ofl, Livius. 
 
 adcAnd that every man for his own part ( as the uiflall manner is of a multitude, when they are H 
 tooeiher)fhouldtake a good heart jand hope the bett, faying.ihat Fortune favoureth Fortitude. 
 The tyrant incited with thele their words,leconded them himfelt.& aflured them that Antiochm 
 and the i£tolians would take their parts andaffilt them: and if they did not,yet were they rtrong 
 enough of themfelves, and had fufficient means to endure the liege. No more talking now nor 
 thinkmf of peace, but every man was ready to run in haft to his leverall quarter, and Hand upon 
 their own ouard, without any reft or repofe from thenceforth. The Romans fofoon as they faw 
 fome few of them tofally out of the City ,and to difcharge their darts among them, were foon puc 
 out of all doubcjthat no other remedy there was,but they muft to war again.Atter thisthere paf- 
 fed certain light skirmilhes four daies together -at firft without atiy aflured iflbe of good fpeed,ei- 
 ther of the one part or the other : but the fift day after oneconflift fought in manner aimoft of a I 
 fetbattell, certain Roman fouldiets following the chafe upon their enemies, and killing them in 
 their fli^htjentted the City at certain void places,where the wall was not united : for in that or- 
 der were the walls built of that town in thole di\&%.QuintttD then verily, having well bridled and 
 tamed by this terror his enemies for making any more exairlions,and luppofing that there remai- 
 ned nomore,bnt lulfily to goto an aflault, fert outcertain of purpofe torto callthe mariners & 
 fea-fervitorsfrom Gjttbeum. while< himfelt in perfon^ accompanied with tbeProvoft Marflials, 
 rode about the walls to view the btuaiion of the City. Thi? 5/>4rr^in timespaft flood without 
 muraoe. And the tyrants ot late daies had built walK againii the open flats and plain fields. The 
 higher cround and of harder accefs, they fortir.ed v ith ilrong cy,-ps de guards of armed fouldiers, 
 inftead of bulwarks of defence. When Qtttnt'ut hxd liffi^ientiy conlidered every corner,he fup- r 
 pofed there was no other way but to in\ eft it rornd boot and thereupon with all his forces 
 united (which being all together Roman Cur;:eLi snd L Jne allies toot and horfe,land- fouldi- 
 ers and fea-ferviiors one with another ?moi rter! to 50000 fighting men ) he compafled and 
 environed the City.^ome brought Ualirg . dd(^/s,.on:ie hrc,tvery mah one thing or other,not on- 
 ly to five an aftault, but alio to terrific ai d amase tticm : with dircdtion and cxprefs command- 
 ment, with a loud cry and fKout aton.einnll pla'C^ -osppioach thewalls&give the venture up- 
 on them ; to the end thrt theL?.'.cd3Emom,!n:, .iH .^bted ai one inftant on every hde, might not 
 know w hich way to turn ihem and be to feek-, wV-cre firii to make head againft the enemies, and 
 in what place ro come with fuccour Hav ing bercioro divided the whole power of his army into 
 three parts ,» he gave the one oftheminch rge to (Tailthat quarter which was called PhceheumiL 
 afecond likewise to fet upon that which t<? named ."''-Sy. af«w;,and the third to force the canton 
 tJcptii'.'oni£ • piaces all lying open 'id witrjoi; 4 w 'ii.Tiie City being thus feized on all fides with 
 fo oreat fe'.r,fbe tyrant moved and trou'c d to he 1 thofe Ividden outcries & fearful news brought 
 Unt^ohimbyhaftymeflen;,ers:act«rdin^ j .-.ny f/ .( e flood moft in da^ge^,atthefirft,eitherpre- 
 fented ^ imfeJf i:A proper perfon.cr eiie fent k.irtt i c. hep. but atterwards.feeing the fear fo general, 
 and no one pi i-c void ol danger, hewa^ft afti.iied, that unable he was either himfelf to give 
 oood dire'ion to others rr to hear tbei .c ■• id was he.and disfurnifhed of advice and coun- 
 fcl>yea,and bereft of his right wit; -nd fenfes.! i.-^ L'.edxmonians at firft hand fuftained the furi- 
 ous violence of the Remans in the narrow ftrd^.nts r.nd pAflages,&at one time in divers places, 
 three armies fought on either fde:buta!icrwards.''^^ t cheat of the fight encreafedjthefervice was M 
 nothing equall oTboth parties ; or the LacedsEm« ni.r.s dif^-harged fhot from which the Roman 
 fouldiers eafily laved themiel c . by me."- of their Ur%e targets, and withallmuch thereof either 
 fell fliort and bchdes.or elfe lo feebly flungfrom t..em,th3t little or no harm they could do. For 
 by reafon of the f^reightndsoftheplaccand the multitude fo thronged and thruft together,they 
 hid not only no fpace to take their run when they P ould lance their darts f the beft means of all 
 other to enforce ihem^but notfo much as fure fooring^ind at eafe to drive and leveil them with 
 all their ftren^th,Inicmuch,dsof all the darts and •aveiin'; whith were direftly {hot afront them, 
 none^t allpierced tothsiv bodies & very few fo much a^ ftu. kin their bucklers. Mary fome hap- 
 nedtobe wounded from: he higher places, by ihofei it Hood near unto them, and about their 
 fides.And anon as they advanced forward the chancer: to be liurt not only with arrows & darts N 
 from offthehoufes,butalfo with tilesandflates ererhey :. ere aware. But afterwards,they cove- 
 red their heads with their target, whirh the-; fei fo cIo; 'jnired together one under the other, 
 feaiherwife, that not only there wasnoplice otemrane for the darts thrown andcaftat ran- 
 dom afar, no, nor fo much as any room for a weapon c get between, levelled though it were, 
 and aimed near at hand ; fo as under this targec-l<;r»(.e they approached ne jrer and nearerinfafe- 
 ty. At thefirftthe narrow and ftraight paflagcsu'ied with the throng both of themfelves and 
 alfo of the enemies fo thruft and ; roudcci together, ftaid them for a whi.e ; but ■'frerwards when 
 iheyhadbylitile and little gathered upon theenemies and put them bsck and wrre come into 
 a larger ana more fpaciousftreet of theCity. tlien Lheirforceand violence 'or'.-''i<' rpoff'b'ybe 
 endured any longer. Now when the Lacedemonians turned their backs and ntd np^ e to ^lin Q 
 the higher placcsfor their vantage, Ar<i/'^ verily lor his part trembling and quaking a<! ii'thc C* 
 tyhad beenquite loft, looked about him oneveryhde, whi.h way himrel'm'ghtef -peard la 
 his life. Bai Pythaforas as in sU things el<f. he performed the devoir and oart of acour 'mo 
 Captain, fohewastheonlycaufe that the town wa< not loft : for he comn-'nded toff i free 
 the houfesftanding next to the wall which inthe minute of an hour burred ow on aligir'^jT 
 as being fet forward by the help of thofe, who otherwife were wont to quench the like fcarefin ' 
 
 whereup
 
 The four and thirtieth Book^of T. Li vius. 703 
 
 A whereupon the houfes came ratling and tumbling down open the Romans heads, and not orJy 
 the lilelhardSjbut alio the limber pieces halt burnt fell upon the armed iouidfers, theflame Ipread 
 Hill fat ai)dnear,and the imothcringfmoakput them in tear of more dancer than waj. And there- 
 fore, as well thofe Romans who were without the City inihehofteli ot their aflauJt, retreated 
 fromthewalls, asalfothofe that wereentred already, fortear icH by thehrc behind them they 
 fhould be feparaied from their lellows. retired thcmfelves.^»^r?;r/«/ alio lecing how the cafe Hood, 
 caufed to found iheretreat,and fo beirg recaljed.they returned out of the City which they hadas 
 good as wonjinto the camp. And Q.«»;-//«^ conceiving more hope by thelearo: (he enemies, than 
 of the thing it Iclt and the icrv ice done, never gave o»er tor three dales to terriliethem partly by 
 skirmil^ing, and partly by intrenching and Hoppmg upcerrainquarteis. that they mi^hihave no 
 
 r, paflageatall tofly and flute for themlehes. The tyrant ccmll rained at It ngth with tfc'e darters 
 mena.(id,!cnt Pyth.\mAs again as an Orator unto Qkim.h.'. But lie at f.rd r^-jcdcd him indccm- 
 mandcdhim to avant out of the tamp .-yet in thecnd,afierhe had made moir humble fnpplicjti- 
 on,andi.»lt himfclf proitrateat his iect, he gave him audience. The beginning of hislpeech was 
 this>that lie yielded all to the diuretion ana former award of the Romans-Hnticeino Uiat heeai- 
 ned nothing thereby, and that his words took no etledl, they grew at length to this point. That 
 upon the Umc capitulations which tew dales before were exhibited up in writing, a tiucelhou'd 
 be made,and hereupon was both the money and alfo the ho|}ages received. 
 
 Whiles the tyrant was bcheged and alVaied, there came poll upon poft to Jiaor that L -ccda^ 
 we^: was at thepoii,t ot being loli: whereupon the Argiiestook Itnh heart and courage unto 
 
 C them ("by rea:on ihii Pytha^.-.a^ with the bell pare of thegarrifon I'ouldiers was departed before 
 out of their town) thateontemniug the fmali number which remained in their foitrcfs-, under 
 the leading of one ^rchippHx- they expelled the rell of the garrii'on. As for Timocr^itcsoi PtlUne 
 tuqir Captain became he had behaved himlell in his charge and government gendy and mildly, 
 they Cent him away aii^e with late conduk^^.At the very inltant of this joyfull oaurrcnt, T. Qjtin- 
 xiHS arrived alter he haJ granted peaceto the tyrant and lent awayfrom L.-'ceditmoyi, EtiKCf/esand 
 theRbpdiatib together with /•. Q.w.^f/«jhis brother to the fleet, 'J he City o' yS'rtfw in great jOy 
 pro:Uiniedtiieie.ebrjtion of their moft folcmnlead, and thole lo ftmoi);: and renowned g^mes 
 ^ and paPiimes called Ncmcct againll the coming of the Roman army and their Generall. which 
 they had foreJet upon the ordinary time and day^by occafionol the troubles of war. And for the 
 
 D honour of Q«/»rj«j, they ordained him to be the overleer of tbcfe folemnities. Many things 
 there kverc to redouble ai'dincreafe this their joy and folacetothe full. The Citizens were re- 
 du.ed from L^icidninon whom Trthjfforai ol late and Nabis afoitiime had earned away. They 
 aho werereturnea home again who had fled and eLapcd, aiterthe conipiracy oF Pyth(i<:arM was 
 detected, and tlie m^ihcr.' begun. Now they faw theirliberty again, whereof they had loll the 
 fight a long time: now they beheld the Romans the authors thereof, and who tor their fakes 
 were induced to takearm^a^denterprife the war with the tyrant. Aiib.iiponthe very day of the 
 Nemean games, the liberty ot the Aigives waspublillied and proLlaiined by the voiie of the 
 publike beadle and crier ot the City, but look how much joy and hearts content the Achsans 
 conceived in their common and generall Councillot all j^chtu-, tor the refloringof^'-fro.f into 
 
 ^,ti\f ir anzient freedom,ro much troubled they were again, in regard that Lacfdctnioyt was left Hill 
 ia.'erruude, and the tyrantfo near untothcm readyevcrto pride their lides", whereby their joy 
 was not to found and entice. But the yEtolians in all tlieir Diets invei«ihed mightily againtt this, 
 laying, That the Romms never gave over the war with PhtUp before he had abandoned all the 
 Ci'ies of Greece- as for L.tcrdit,no>i., it was letc lliil under a tyrant and in the mean while the law- 
 fiiU and naturall King who had been in the Roman camp, and all the red of the nob efl Citizens 
 rtiould livelncxile. For now the people of /Jtf/?;e was become apenlioner to t;iiard the body of 
 tyrannizing AT.^/i. Then Q_^'»/7f/;;/ brought back his army trom /bgosio ELitnu\zom whence he 
 departed to the Spartan war. Some write, that the tyrant when he fought with the Romins,c3me 
 not i.mmediatly oiu of the City ; but that he was lodged without by himfelf thll oppolite to the 
 
 F Roman camp: and that after he had made good a long time, expedingthe aid ot the -£tolians, 
 he was driven in the end to abattell, by occafion that the Romans chtrged upon the torragers 
 and purveyors of his camp: in which battell he was vanquillied and beaten out of the field, and 
 craved peaceal'tcr that fifteen ihoufand of his men wereflain,and four thoufand taken prifoners, 
 and above. 
 
 At one and the fame time in a manner were letters brought both from T. Qjtintius touching 
 the affairs atchieved at La cdamoi, and alfofrom A-f. /'c^f/.'/f tbeCor.ful out of ^pai-,'. And by 
 order from the State, there was oranted in the name cjt either ot them al'olemnpro.eirionto 
 continue three diies L.fMcnus the Conful, after he had governed his Province in quietnefs up- 
 on the defeat of the Boians about the t'orrell of Z/;/^;?.!, returned to /Jaw/rgainif the generall 
 
 Qaffembly for election of Magiflrates, and created Confuls, P. Cornelius Scipio Af'-icvmnhtie.- 
 condtime, and T. ScmpromHs Lon^us : whofe fathers had been Confuls in the firft year of the 
 fecond Punick war. Then the Aflembly was holden tortheeledionofPritors, wherein were 
 chofen P.Comclita 5r,/).'o,and the twoC«mC<7r«f/;/, the one Mcrcnd.i^^nd the other 5/.;,/?o:C>?. 
 Domititts tA.noharhti!-, Sextus Digttius, and T> jHventius Talva. When thefe eledVion? were fini- 
 flied, the Conful returned «gain into his Province. That yeariheFerentinatsaflaied to obtain 
 a new privilege: towit, That as many Laiines as were enrolled in any Roman Colony^ fliould 
 
 be
 
 704 The four and thirtieth Bco\ ofT. Livius. 
 
 be Citizens of i?ow*.But they of PriteilhSalernumi&nd Buxextum, who were Coloners and had H 
 their names emred there, and by that means carrying themfelves as Roman Citizensj were ad- 
 judged by theSenat to be no Citizens of Home. 
 
 In the beginning of this year.wherein P. Sapio Jfricanm vvas Conlul the fecond time,with 7^ 
 Semfronisis Lo^^WjtwoEmbaffadors of Na'jts the tyrant^arrived at Rome.Yot to give them audi- 
 enccjihe Senat affembled together without the City in the Temple oijpolh. Their petition was> 
 That the peace agreed upon with Q^dntius might be ratified : and their fuit was granted. When it 
 was moved, as touching the government of the Provinces; the Senat (affembled in great fre- 
 quency) were all of this opinion. Thacforafmuch as in S paimnd Aide edoKy the war was ended, 
 both Confuls fliould have the government of Imly-Scipo was of adviccThat one Corful was fuf- 
 ficient for /;,?/,, and that the other {hould be employed in Macedoay. And why ? there was cruell i 
 war menaced from King Amiochus: himfelf already waspaffed over mio Europe : And what 
 think ye,quoth he^will he thendo.when the i'Etolisns/whodoubtlefs are enemies } of one fide 
 (hall foUicit and call upon him for to war, and A>mib.U.,z warriour and commander fo renowned 
 for the defeats and overthrows oftheRomans,fhall prick him forward of the other? Whiles they 
 debated thus about the Provinces of the Confuls, the Praetors calf lots for their feveral! govern- 
 ments.The City jurifdiflion fell to C».Daw/f/»x,the forrainto T.Juve>:tins.To P. Cornelius the far- 
 ther Spam was allotted ,and the hither to Sex. D ignins .C>7 .Cornelius Elafio had Sialy alTigned unto 
 him^and Mere':A,i was charged with Sardimn. It was not thought good that a new army fhould 
 be tranfported over into Macedmy. But concluded it was, that the army there fliouldbe 
 brought back by Q^.intius into /r ,;/; Scdifcharged./rtT^jThat that the army likewife lliould be caf- jj 
 fed.which had ferved under M. PortmsC.'to in Spai»,l. (rff«,That both Confuls fliould gov ern lialyi 
 and levy two legions of Citizens to go thither, that when thofe forces were difmifled and licen- 
 fed to go home,which it pleafed the Senat to fet at liberty, there fhould beeight Roman legions 
 inali,and nomoreinpay. 
 
 In the former year, when M. Porcius and L. Falerius were Confuls, there had been held a fo- 
 lemnity of a facred Spring. But when P.Lic'iKitts the high Pontifees made report tirlf to the Col- 
 ledge of the Prierts, and by the advice and authority ot that Colledge, unto the LL.of the Coun- 
 cill, That there was fome errour committed, and that it was not performed accordingly : the Se- 
 nators ordained, that it fhould be done again anevv.according to the difcretion and diredtionof 
 the Pontifees aforefaid. Alfo that the great Roman PlaieSjWhich together with that Spring were L 
 vowed, fliould be exhibited with the atcuPiomedcoli and expences: And that all young catteli 
 that fell. between the Calends of A-f.irch^md theialf day of Aprd^ in that year wherein P. Camel. 
 Scipio 2DdT.S:;r,iprom0s Leng^ns were ConfuL-> llioulJ be accounted as confecrated for that fa- 
 cred Spring above-named. After this, there wns :n afl'embly held for the choonng of Cenfors, 
 wherein were created Sex.t/£Uns Pa'ttsi^nd C.Corat/::!; (.' :iejrus: who elected P.Scipio the Con- 
 ful, Prcfident of theSenat, like astheCenfors before them haddone. In thefurvey and review 
 of the whole Senat , they left out and dikarded three only, and none ofthcm who had bom office 
 of State, and fat intheliory chair, ereat lo\e thefeCenfcr. wonamongft them of that calling 
 and equality in giving commandment to thevEdilesiuruie. tliat at the Roman games and plaies 
 they fliould fct out places apart from theielf oi the people for the Senators to behold thefaid jvl 
 difport?. lor aforetime they beheld thefportsand paliirnesal together, without regard and di- 
 ilindVion. Tew alfo of the Gentlemen or Knights of Rome had their horfes of fervice taken from 
 them: and rigo:oufly dealt they with no edate and degree. The porch ofLiberty,and the ham- 
 let called I'^ilUi fiiblicA were by them repaired and enlarged.The facred Spring was celebrate ; and 
 the games vowed by Be v.Sulp'itittsxMtConixA^ were by ihem exhibited. And whiles all men were 
 amufed and their minds occupied thereupon Q^.Pletf.inius who had been cafl in prifon for divers 
 and fundry outrages committed at Locr^if, to the grent offence of God and man, had procured 
 certain perfcns, who in the night feafon at one iniiani fliould fet on fire many places of the Ci- 
 ty, to the end that whiles all the people were affrighted in this night-tumult, he might break 
 prifonand ekape, Thiscomplot was difcovered and reported to theSenat by fome of them that f^ 
 were p. is y and acceflary thereunto, And Pleminius was let down into a lower dungeon and there 
 killed. 
 
 That year were certain Colonie<; of Roman Citizens r ondH6\ed to Puteoli-, VidtHr>7um^ziad Li- 
 tcrny.n;, and three hundred men planted in each of them. Likewife Coloners of Roman Citi- 
 zens were brought 10 Salemum and Buxer.ttim. The Triumvirs who had the placing of them 
 were 7 '.Scmpro^itts Longmi Conful for the time being ; M. Servilius and Q^ Minutius Thermus. 
 The ten itory of the Campans was divided among them. Three other alfo deputed for the like pur- 
 \)ok.D.Jn!!iHs Brutus^M.BabiHs Tamphilns^ and //.//f/z//«/ placed a Colony of Roman Citizens 
 in Sipont urn to enjoy the lands of theArpins. LikewifeotherColoniesof Roman Citizens were 
 planted in Tempf.i and Crotone. The lands belonging to TempftW€te won from the Brut it, q 
 who had expelled the Greeks : and the Greeks remained in Crotone. The Triumvirs for Crotone 
 VitKZCn. Oiltiviiis iL.ty£m)litis P aulas ^3i\d CPlctorins : and for Tcrnpfa L. Cornel. McruU^ and C. 
 Sdonius.b^io that year were feen at Romt divers wonders and prodigious fights : and fome were 
 reportedfrom other parts.Inthe common placsplare,in the pubHkeHall,Comitium,and Capitol, 
 were feen certain drops of bloud. And oftentimes it rained earth. The head oiFulcan was on 
 fke. News came that at Inter amn* there ran a flream of milk, Alfo that at Arimimm there 
 
 were
 
 The four and thirtieth Boo{ of T. Livius. yo< 
 
 ti weretwo Infancsbothof treecondition,born without eyes and nofe, and another in the Picehe 
 country handlers and footlels.Thefe (hange tokens were by order given from the chief Pontifees 
 looked unto and expiated,andaNovendiali lacrirKei-ontiDued tor nine daies, becaufe the Adri- 
 ans brought wordjthat in their territory it rained hones. 
 
 In Gahloeat co Mcdiolanan;, L. (Valerius Fl.ncui the Pro-Conful, fought a let field with the 
 French Infubrians and Boians. Which Boians under the conduit oj DoruLictif polled o; er ihe river 
 Piidus,io: to I'oUicic and rail'e the Infubrians. In which conflift were (lain ten thouUnd enemies. 
 About the lametime his Colie;^ue in government Af.Pcrcms C^tto triumphed over Sy.v;?. In this 
 triumph he carried in pomp and fhew a5roo pound weight of lilver in biiliioD) and in coin 
 I 2 ;;oooBigat pieces :ot 0:can hlvcr 5^0 poimd weight, and of gold ^ooooo pound weight. Of 
 Bthe booty won from the enemies he dealt among his fouldiers ihat were footmen i^oaflesa- 
 pie^e, and trebblefo much to every man of arms. 
 
 T. Scmfrontus the ConUil having put himlelHn his journey toward his Province, led firR his 
 legions into the Boians country. Boionx at tbattime their Prince with his twobretiiren, having 
 raifed the whole nation to rebeilion,encamped in certain commodi-ous places : To as it appeared 
 that it the enemy entred their confines, they were ready co gi.e himbattcii. TheComiil percei- 
 ving how lirong and conhdent the enemies were, dispatched a courrier to his Coll?gue, to make 
 haft it he thought logood and come unto him: tor untill his -.oming he would tail off, feem 
 10 retire and not light. But the lame caufe th.it mo. ed the Conful to Itay, gaveoccaiion tothe 
 Gauls CO make more halle: for belides that the delaying & lingring of the Confnl,encouraced the 
 C enemies, they were delirous to have the triall of a battell before the forces o! both Conl'uls were 
 joyned together. Howbeic, tor two daies fpace they did nothing but !iand ready r.;nged tor 
 tight, if anyfliould come forth to brave and dare them. On the third d.iy they approached the 
 trench and rumpier of the Conl'uls Camp, andonevery fide at once gave '.he afianit, TheCon- 
 ful immcdiatiy commanded the luuldiers to arm. And when they were armed, be kcpc them 
 in awhilejwicli inrent to encre^fe the foolifh confidence in thcenemies, and to difpole of his own 
 forces, and give direcHon, what companie"; Oiorld lally out aceverygate. The two legions he 
 commanded to iflue forth under their colour:; at the two fide gates called PrincpaUs : but in the 
 verypaflage without the Gauls Hood thick and mide head again, fo that the way was flopped 
 up. A long time they fought in thole very Hraights. And they beliirredthemtelves no more 
 D with their hands and fwords, than they prefled one upon another with their bodies and targets: 
 whilesthe Romans ftrived to advance theirenfignsout of thcgates, and the Gauls endeavoured 
 no lefs, either to enter themfelves within the camp, or elfe to impeach the Romans forgoing 
 forth. But in this conflift there was nothing between them either won or lofl.no ground gai- 
 ned the one of the other, before that O. ViRontis ^\f{\nc\^z\\ Centu.lonof the ?//<?■•.• in the fe- 
 cond legion, and C, yttmins^ a Tribune or Marflvill of tl>e fourth, ciught the banners from 
 the enfign-bearers (z thing often praffifed in time of extremity ) and flung them among the 
 enemies. For whiles thefe laboured andflrained themfe'ics to recovereich cneabanner, they 
 of the fecond legion firft brake throu^^^h and got forth cf the gate: fo as now, they mj'ntained 
 skirmini without the trench, and the t'ourth legion (iu^k (fill in the gap. By which time there 
 Earofe another tumult and noii'e in the contrary fde of the camp: for the Ganls were broken 
 in at the QiixUors gate ( or the gate againinhc '.^.«/?or(««! ) and flain chofe tiiar valiantly •Tbequsncr 
 made head and held them play; to wit, Ltic hi Pojihtt!K:':s a trea finer furnamed 7^»?;)i»;7«^, 'ud lodging 
 Aia-cHs j-UiniH!}iT\A /'...'^//«;.S>wpra«;;/; two Colonels of the a:lies, and well near two hundred "^ '''c TrcafB- 
 fouldiers befides. Thus the camp on thr.t pjrt was won, untillfuih timeasoneextraordina- '^^^' 
 ry cohort was fent from the Coniul to de:'end the Qjiyllors gate aforefai J : whi^h eiiher flew 
 thole that were within the r.-\mpier> or elfe dr.ue them forth, and lb withllood thofethac 
 would have rufhed in. Andmuchaboutthat very time the fourth legion alio with two extra- 
 ordinary fquadrons brake forth at the gate. Thus at once there were thee feverall battels in 
 fundry places about thecamp: and thedilVonantcrie'^ m,inoifes (' acio^ding to the diver; oc- 
 F cafions of each party minillred by their fellows ) turned and withdrew the minds and Ipirits of 
 thofe that were in fight, from theprefent skirmifl-i befoiethem. In this manner maintained 
 chey the fight till noon: equally matched indrength and number, and ittleor no odds bet ween 
 them for hope of vi6fory : but tedious trave.l and o.rremiry of heat compelled theGauls 
 (whofe bodies are fot't and openandfoon running tofwcat,2i)d who of all other things can leaft 
 away with thirit )toabandon thebattcll: and thofe few that remained behind, theRomans 
 ran upon, ruffled their colours, and chafed them into their own hold. Then the ConUil founded" 
 the retreat : at which (ignall giventhe mofl part retired them'elves ; bur a fore of chem, upon a 
 botdefircof fight,and good hope to be Mailers of their camp perlifted :':ill-,clole to their trench. 
 The Gauls difdaining their fmall number iffued all 'Orth out of their Camp: and chentheRo- 
 ^^mans being difcomfited, were glad now of themfelves for tear and fright to crnrlge unto the 
 ftrength of their own hold, which they would not retire unro at the commandment of the 
 Confnl, Thus on both fides there was one while viftory, and another while fe.)rfv!H flight: 
 howbeic, when all cards were told and the reckoning mac'e 'heG?'.ils had the worf^of the 
 game : for of tnem were flain eleven choufand . whereas of Romans ' here d'cd but five thou- 
 fand. Then the Gauls retired themlelves into the mof'^ inwaro* parts of theifcouncrv, andthe 
 Conful marched with his legions to PAz<:f»f/,i. Some write, thac5ri;i/o and his Collegue with 
 
 , their
 
 «o(5 The fit rand thirtktb Boo\ ofT. Livius. 
 
 this iovnt forces, invaded and fpoiledthe countries of the Boiansand Ligurians, fo far forth H 
 as they could pafs for woods and bogs : others again record, that he,having done no mcmor«ble 
 exploit at all,returned to Rome about the aflembly for elcaion of Conluls. 
 
 The lame year T. Qaintms fpenc the whole winter feafon at Elatia ( whither he had retired 
 his forces for winter harbour ) in heating mens caufes and miniflrbg juftice to every one j alfo in 
 reformin" and redrefi^ng all fuch dilorders as had pafledin the States and Cities, through thelicen- 
 tious government and jurifdiAion either of Philtp bimfelf or his Captains, whiles he advanced 
 thofefavouiits of his own faftion, and put down the right and liberty of others. Intbebegin- 
 pin" of the fpring he came to CortKth, where he had given fummons, that there fhould be holden 
 a oe°neral Diet of^the States.There in the aflembly ot all the Embaffadors and agents from the Ci- 
 ■ ties oathered about him as it were CO hear an Oration, he made a fpeech unto them; beginning I 
 firft'with the amity contrafted between the Romans and Greece : and proceeding to the aits at- 
 chieved in Spam by the Generals afore himjand thofe alfo of his own. All that he ipake was heard 
 and receivecl with great applaufe,untill he touched the point concerning Nal^i^ : for ic was gene- 
 rally thought unfitting, that he undertaking to fet all Greece at liberty, had left a tyrant (not on- 
 ly a crievous oppreffour of his own fubjeas, but alfo dangerous to all the Cities about him ) to 
 remain ftill as a fearful! malady letled in the very bowels and heart of a moll noble and renowned 
 State Oni»tius,noi ionorantof their afFetlions and difpohtions, confefled, that he fhould not in- 
 deed have any ear at°ll to the motion or mention of peace with the tyrant, iDcaieih^t Lacedx- 
 mon could have flood in fatecy without fo doing: but now fm.e that Nahs mighi notpoffibly 
 be confounded and overthrown, without the prelent ruin and tearfuil downfall of the City, heR 
 '• thought it a better courfe in policy to leave the tyrant enfeebled and disfurnifhed of all means 
 "to offend and hurt any man, th?ntofufter fogoodly aCityto die inthecure, and under the 
 •'handasit were ofthePhyhcian,amid(l thofe quick and fliarp remedies which it were never a- 
 " ble to eudare : and l"o in leeking to recover liberty, to perilh and die forever. And after he had 
 *' difcouried of things part, he iniened, that his purpole and intent was, to go into /taly, and to 
 " have away with him his whole army : alfo that within ten dales they fhould hear news how all 
 " the oarrilbn.^ had quit D^w^fr/^ and C/).!/c« : and that he would deliver out of hand unto the 
 cc ^chsans in their very bght,thefortrefs of Cor/«(/): that all the world may know,whether it be 
 "**" r. the Romans ouiie-or the fafhion of the jEtolians, to over-reach and lie; who in their common 
 
 " talk have not let to dilcoiine, tofow furmife8,and to buzzeinto mens beads that it was dan- L 
 *' ptioas (ox Greece to ^vi their liberty into the Romans hands : & that they had but made an ex- 
 *' chance of their lordly rulers admitting the Romans in lien of the Macedonians. But as for them 
 "(quoth he) their tongUv isnoll.'ndcr being fuch perfons as never took heed and made regard 
 "vvhateithertVeydidorfaid.But'.l.e oiherCities headvercifed to weigh their friends by deeds 
 " and not by words: to be vife and v.iiiadvifed whom they are totrutt, and whom they are to 
 " beware ot: to uie tbe\r lil'cr'yin mcalureand moderation; which if it be well tempered and 
 " qualified, is acod and wholfome to j jriicular perfons and generall States : but'exceflneif it be, 
 'Mt would notion ly be grievous and unfupportableto others,but alfo unruly,dangerous,andper- 
 "nicioustothemicKesthat ha'.eit. He gave them coiinfell, that the Princes and States in each 
 '' City fhould maintain concord not only among themfelves, but alfo with all other in one com- j^ 
 " munity : for fo long as they accord and agree together, no King nor tyrant fliould be ftrong e- 
 " nouoh for them : w hereas dil'cord and fedition maketh overture and openeth eafie way to ene- 
 "mies'thatliein wait for the vantage ;conhdering,that the fide which in civill contention is the 
 " weaker and "oeth to the walls, will band rather with a forrainer, than give place and fioop to a 
 <■■■ Citizen. In concluhon,he advifed them,to keep and prelerve by their carefoll regard, this their 
 " liberty purchafed for them by forrain rorces.and delivered unto them with faithful! fecurity of 
 " ftran^ers and aliens 5 that the people of Kome might fee, that they have given freedom to well 
 " defer'vino people : and this their great benefit hath been well beftowed upon worthy perfons. 
 Whifes they hearkncd tothefe fage admonitions,as uttered outofthemouthof a very father ,the 
 tears oufliedplenteoufly cut of their eyes for kind heart and joy; infomuch as they troubled 
 him in the delivery of the rert ot his fpeech. For a whilethere was a plaufiblenoife heard among ^ 
 them as they approved his words, and advifed one another to ponder thele fage fayings, and to 
 imprint them deeply in their hearts^ proceeding as it were from divine oracle. After filence made, 
 he requefled them to leek up all thole Roman Citizens (if haply there were any) who lived in fer- 
 vitude and flavety among them, and within two months to lend them nnto him into Thejfaly : 
 for it were a great ignominy and fhame even for them.that in their counrries there fhou'd remain 
 in bondage any of thofe, by whofe means they themfelves were fet free and delivered out of bon- 
 dage. With that, they allcried aloud with one voice,That for this a'-ove all the reft they rendred 
 thanks unto him, in that they were admonifhed and warned by him, to per^b m their devoir 
 and duty/ohoneft fo religious,and fo neceffary. Now a mighty p-'mber there was of captives in _ 
 thePunick war; fuch as ^w/^^/(when theirfriends redeemed them nor by r-'nfome ) had fold 
 inopen market. And how greatthe multitude of them was, thismay prove and tel^/fie which 
 '^'^ t ofTiiy Pol)biHs writeth ; to wit, that this coft the Achsans for their psrt * one hundred talents: and ycc 
 aTalentinthi* they ordainci iiiid fet down, that there (houidbut 500 Dew^v^v be repaid fntotheir Mafters 
 pliceamoun- for the redemption of every poll." forby this account ^f/i<c.? hid tiooofthcm. Addnowumo 
 
 tcihro 187I1, tj^gj^ as many as all Grffci? was like to have by that proportion [and fee what number may arife.] 
 lo.fliKetl. ^ jljg
 
 Thefmr and thirtieth Boo\^of T. Li vius. 707 
 
 A The affembly was noc broken op and difmi'ffed, before they might lee the garrifon defcendin^ 
 ti-om the fortrels of CorimhyWho marched dircftly to the gate and went their vvaies. The General 
 prefently foilovyed aftetjand being accompanied with them all, who called him with a loud \ oice, 
 7'heir Saviour and Redeemer; he took his leave and bad them fjrewel : and I'o returned the lame 
 way he came to Elatia. From thence he lent his Lieutenant Af.CUudtns wiih al the forces com- 
 manding him to conduct the army to Oncttm by the way oi Uiefa/ie and Epirw, and there to 
 expect .ind wait his coming : for he purpofed there to take Sea and lee over his army into /r^/r. 
 He wrote alio to L.Q^m.itu his brother and Lieutenant and Admiral likewile oftheflccr,too3- 
 ther all ilic lliips of burden Irom along the Sea coatf o^Gnece into that plaie. Himfelf wenuo 
 ChAlcis^iTsd having withdrawn the garrifons not only from thence but alio from Oreum and Ere- 
 B tria., he held a general Coun; e there of all the cities oi Enhoc.i : and after he 1yd made remon- 
 Hrance unto them in what cafe he found them, and in what eliate he left them, he diimiffed the 
 aJffembly. From thence he departed to Demctrms^ where alfo he removed the garrifon, and beino 
 attended with a train of all the citizens, like as at Corinth and Cl:»'cts beforejie took his journey 
 into Thejf.ii:e: where tlie cities were not only to be fct free, but alfo to be refofmed,?.r)d from a 
 general diforder and confmion wherein they (food, to be reduced and framed into fome tolera- 
 ble order and form ofgovernment.'Forthey were not only tainted andinfedted with the:orrup- 
 tionofthetim's. and the violent current ot licentious outrage, which had taken head under the 
 government of the King; but alfo of an inbred troublelomefplritand humor of their own, wher- 
 by/ince theirfirli beginning and upri(ing,even unto our dales they nevcrhcld ParliamentSjEled:-* 
 C ons,Diets>Councels or any other affemblies whatfoever,withoutmuch trouble and fedition. He 
 choi'e the Senate and Judges there in regard efpecially of their wealth, and in all Cities he made 
 that part more mighty unco which it was more expedient and beneficial to have all quiet and in 
 peace. Thus having vifited Tl.'effjie, and taken a general review thereof, he came by the way of 
 Eptrm to O i'lmh from whence he minded tocrofs the feas. From Oricitm all his forces were 
 iranfported to Eru»du/iuw, andfo they paffed forward throughout /f^/)- to the City of Romc-,\n 
 manner of triumph, fending before them as great a train ofpnzes by them taken, as they made 
 them.Jivcs m their march, Afterthey were come to Romeihz Senat aflembled without the City 
 for 0,i/«r'«« .where he had audience to declare and difcourfe of his worthy exploits : and willing 
 ihey were to grant him triumph, according to his deferts. Three dales together he rode in 
 
 D triumph, The firlt day he made a fhew of all the armour as wel defenfive as offenfive,alfo of brafen 
 andmarbie im.igesof which hehad taken more from King /'/»///p, than he found in the faccageof 
 ihei-iries. The I'econd day there was carried in pomp, the gold and filver both unwrought and 
 wrought into plate,yea, and calf into coin, Oflilverunwrought there was 18000 pound weight: 
 ofwrought, 270 pound weighr. Many veffels of place of all forts, and mofl engraven, fom^^of 
 right curious and exquillt workmanlhip. Likewifebrafenveflels, cunningly and artificially made: 
 and belides ten iTiields of filver, and in coin eighty four thoiifand Atti^k peeces of hher, which 
 they call TetrairAchma^ weighing almofc four Roman denierjapecce: of gold there was three 
 thoufand fevcn handred and fourteen pound weight, and one fliicld full and whole of beaten 
 gold- and o^'hiiip golden peeces in coin jourceen thoufand five hundred and fou: ceen.The third 
 Eday were born in view for a pageant, a hundred and fourteen coronets ofgold, which were the 
 prefects of Cities given untohim.Mo;eo.er there were led that day thebealfs forfacrifice :and 
 before his chariot went many noble priloners and hoflages, and among them, Dfwf?r/«/, King 
 Phi/ phis fan. znd y^i-menenhe (on oi N'aI^u the tyrant, a Lacedarmonianborn, Thenrode 
 j2,«/«f/«/himfelfin a chariot into the City, and a great number of foiildiers followed after, by 
 reafon that his whole army was retired with him out of his province. To every footman he gave 
 two hundred and fifty Affcs, duple as much to a centurion, and triple to an horl'eman. Thoi'e who 
 were redeemed out of eaptiviry, followed his chariot withiheirheads niavcn,3nd much beauti- 
 fied the glory of the triumph. 
 
 Inthecnj ofthisyear, Q.J£.fiia Tw/j^n? a Trihuno^'the Commons, prefcntcd a reqnefl or bill 
 
 F unto the people, and they granted and enabled it, to wit, that two Colonies of Latins fliouldbe 
 conducted, the one into the P.rutians countrey,and the other into the territory ot rW.-^w.For 
 ihc conduJ;1: and pUntinf; whereof, there were ordiincd three Deputies called Triumvirs, whofc 
 commiirion was in force for three years, namely, Q^lVivi-.is, Af, /T///;«;;»/ /?•/«/, and A/.Fi^rius 
 Cr.tfftprtfor the Brutians : and for Thtinttm, yUM.ifi/ins^T.IfJiies, and L. Ap-jflias. For thcchu- 
 (ing of thcfe officer-, Cii.Vomitius the Prctor in the Cuy , called two fevcral affemblies in the Ca- 
 pitol, In that year were certain Temples dedicated 6ne of //o^oSorpU in the herb-market .which 
 had been vowed and fe: out to building four years before, by C. Cflr/ic////^ the Conful, during r he 
 war with the French : and he in his Cenforfhip dedicated it. Another Temple o'' i- c.-.rrius : the 
 A^\£% C .Scriboni'.is Md Cn. Domitim, had likewife bargained for the building hereof two years 
 
 Q before, and laid by the money therefore ; and this Cn. bomitim being now Precor of the City de- 
 dicated ir. Alfo Q^Min.nius /J.i//.j, dedicated a Temple to Eortunn Vrim\gey::.'.\\^ov. the hill Q^ui- 
 r««<?/M, having been crcatedDuumvir himfelf for that purpofe. %'ntpro -ins Snphv.s'md vowed the 
 fame ten years before in the time of the Punick war,and agreed for a certain price to have ir buUt, 
 Alfo C.S.'rviiiHs the other Duumvir coufecrated the Temple of Jupiter within the ifland. Vowed 
 it was fix years before in theGauls warby L. Vttritis Pnypm-.o Pretor, and by him afterwards 
 Cwhen he was Conful)order was given for the edifying thereof. And thefe were the affairs which 
 palTed char year. Ppp F.Sfipio
 
 The four and thirtieth Bool^ ©/T.Livius. 
 
 p. Sr/p!o returned one of his Province and government of C74»/fortheeleftion of new Con- H 
 fuls, and lo that piirpole was the general affembly fummoned 5 wherein were chofen L. Cornditu 
 MernLi, and Q^Mmuttm Thermtis. The next morrow after were created Pretors, L. Cormltus 
 Sc.pio-Af.Ftilvini Nobiitor^ C.Scriboniui^ M.f^aleripH Mejfa/a, L.Porcius LiciniuS^iJad C.flimtnius. 
 C.Atulnts Serr^tiuh and L. Scnbomtis Liho, Adiks of the chair, were the firli that exhibited the 
 Sn'^e-plaies called MtgaUlia. And the Roman plaies or games reprcfented and fct out by thefe 
 ^kd^les, theSenat row firll: and never before beheld apart from the reft of the people. And this 
 (as all novelties and new falTiions) miniRred much talk: whiles fome gavetheir opinion and laid, 
 That now atlsngih thst was given to this moft noble and honorable State, which long ago was 
 due ; others ss;ain confirued thus, and gave cut, '' That whatloeverwas added to the Majefty oL 
 « the Senators'and Nobles, was derogatory from the dignity of the people : and that all fuch kind I 
 *' ofdiftindion5,wherebyelbtes and degrees are fevered one from another,are prejudicial as wel 
 " to common peace a? piiblick liberty. For thefe five hundred and eighty years fay they, thefe 
 *'- plaies and "nmes have been beheld and looked upon in common, without any fuch prccife dif- 
 "fcrence. VVhat new accident is fuddainly befaln, why the Nobles fhould not be willing to let 
 " the Commons be intermingled with them in the Theatre ? and why a rich man fhould difdain 
 " his pool neighbour to fit by him ? This is a new appetite and ff range longing of theirs indeed, 
 " full of pride°and arrogancy , a thing never dehred nor taken up and praftifed by the Senat of any 
 " nation whatfoever. So as in the end even Afncantu befhrewed himfelf (men fay) and repen- - 
 ted thereof, for that he in his Confulfhip moved and perfwaded the bringing up of this new f^- 
 fliion. So bard a matter it is to a'.ter an old cuff ome, and make a new order to be well liked of. K 
 And rnen are ever more v^illingto keep them to ancient cuHomes,unlefs they be fuch,asprailife 
 and experience do evidently check and condemn. 
 
 In thebeoinningoftheyear, v'vhereinL.Cor«f//«i'and Ci.M;?7Kr/«j were Confuls.^news came fo 
 thick of many earth-quakes, that men were not only weary of the thing it felf, butalfo of the 
 holy-dayes and folemnities that werepubliflied and proclaimed inihatregard. FortheConfuls 
 could not intend either to afiemble the Senate and lit in Councel, or manage the affairs of the 
 Commcn-vveal, for being wholly emploied about facrificingandappeafingthe wrath of the gods. 
 In conclufion, the Decemvirs werecommanded toperufe thebooksof^;^)'//^, and according to 
 their anfwer and dire(^ion,a procefTion and fupplication was for three dales folemnifed. And be- 
 fore the Altarsand flirinesolthegcds and goddeffes, they made their praiers with garlands and L 
 coronets on their beads : yea, and commandment was given, that every houfhold and family by 
 it felffliould fall CO their praiers and devotions. Alfo the Confuls by order from the Senat made 
 proclamation, That upon what day a feaft orfolemnity was ordained by occafion of one earth- 
 quake, no man thefame day fliould bring news of another. Then the Confuls caft lots for the 
 government of their provinces, and after them the Pretors did the like. Unto Cflr»f/;«f befell 
 Ca-iU and to MinHtittr the Ligurians ; C, Seirfromus had the charge of the civil jurifditlion, and 
 M. fWeri/is of the forrain > L, Coryidms governed S/a/y, L, Vorciy.sSardinta^ C. Fhintin'iHS high 
 Sva'n-, and L,Fulvm! the lower. The Confuls looked for no war that year : but even then at that 
 inltant were letters brought from M. C;>7f/«r Lord Pref.dent of ?;/«£, which gave notice, that 
 twenty thoufani Ligisrians were up inarms, having confpired together in all market Towns and y^ 
 places of refoit throughout the v\hoIc nation, and that they had already wafted the territory of 
 l^KKa, and having invaded and palled through the PifanLand, bad over-run alfo the Sea coafts. 
 Wherefore M/»w/w theConful, unto whom tie government of L/Vwi'/^ was allotted, by the ad- 
 vice of theLL. of the Senat mounted up into the pulpit /i^/>vj, and publifhedan aft, Thatthofe 
 two legions of Roman citizens, whiih the former year had been enrolled, fliould within ten 
 dales prefent themfelvesat Ayctitim^'m lieu whereof he wouldlevytwoother legions out of the 
 City. Alfo he commanded the allies andMagiOrats of the Latin nation, and their Embaffadors 
 leagers,who owed knight-ferviceand were bound tofindfonldiers to come before him into the 
 Capitol. And from among ihem he enroled fifteen thoufand foot and five hundred horfe,accor- 
 ding to the number of young and fcrviceable men that were to be found in each State .* which j^ 
 done, he commanded them forthwith, togodireitly from the Crpitol to the gate of the City, 
 and prefently to take muHers that all might be done with greater expedition. Unto Fuhins and 
 't'lamh:ius were appointed three thoufand Roman tootmen and two hundred horfemen apeece, 
 for to ftipply and firengtlien their forces: alfo five thoufand foot to either of them of allies of the 
 Latin n.uion, with two hundred horfe. Moreover the Pretors were charged re difmifs and cafs 
 the old fouldiers, fo loon as they were arrived into their provinces. Now, when as the fouldiers 
 who were enrolled in the City-legions, reforted thickunto the Trlbuns of the Commons, that 
 they fliou'd take knowledge of as many of them as were exempted from warfare,for that they ei- 
 ther hdd ferved out their full time by law appointed or were fickly an'd dife'fed: behold the let- 
 ter'; ofS.'»?prs;;/;<i- daflied all this, and deered every difficulty and fcropulofity: wherein it was 
 written, ihar fifteen thoufand Ligurians were entred the territory oi^i-.ceKtia-, andhadmadc 
 gren waft and faccage therein putting all to fire and fword as rhey went,evenasf3r asto the very 
 walls of the Colony it felf, and thebanks of Vadnt. Alfo tbatthenation of the Boil madecoun- 
 * ''•'• ten -,nce and gave ru'picion of rebellion. In which regards feeing i here was a tumultuous and fod- 
 
 dain wartovvard, the Scnarpaffed a decree, wherein they fignified thatit was not theirpleafure 
 that the Tjibi^ns (hou'd accept any cxcules pretended by the fouldiers, but that they flaould all 
 
 meet
 
 TT)efoHr and thirtieth Boof^of T. Livius. nog 
 
 A meet and affemble together,according to the Edifl. Over and befides they gave order. th*t the 
 allies of the Latin nation,w ho had ferved in the armies oi I'.Ccr-.uhm and T'.S c r/; prom;*^ and v/eie 
 dilcharged I'rom fouidiery by them being Confuls, Ihould now be ready to iTievv themfelves, a- 
 gainlt that day which L.Cor>«f///«tbe Conhilfliouid appoint and at what place {oc\etof Hetru- 
 r;.'iheniould command by way of proclamation: Alfothatthefaid L. Cer«f//«/theConlulinhis 
 mar.h and journey toward the Province, might take up, enrol, and arme, what louldiers he 
 thought good, out ofallt lie burroughs and villages in his way, and have them with him whither 
 foever he would, yea, and have comaiilfion todilmifs whom of them he thought good^and when 
 foever he liBed at his good pleakirc. 
 
 After that the Confuls had taken mufters, and weregoneinto their Provinces, then T. Qui?i- 
 
 B //>^ demanded cohave a day of audience in the Senate concerning thofe affairs that he had con- 
 cluded with the alHliance ot the ten Delegats above faid : and that it would pleale them to con- 
 firm and elhblifh the fame by vertue of their alfentandauchority. Which they might do with 
 more eafe, in cafe they would hear the Embafladors themfeKcsfpeak, who were come out of all 
 Greece,3 great part of ,7;;./, and from the Kings. Thefe emballies were admitted into theSenat by 
 C. Scril>oniHs the Pretor for the City, and all difpatched with a gratious anfwer. But becaufe the 
 difpute about Antiochus reqnired Ion? time ot debate, therefore it was referred and put over to 
 the ten Delegats-jof whom lomehadbeenin Aiia,otnt Ly/imachta with the King, And QHintim 
 v/zs commanded, that together with thofc faid Delegats he Hiould heir what the King his Em- 
 bafladors could fay, and fo return unto themUkh an anfwer, as might (iand with the honor and 
 
 C welfare of the people of i^aw^. The chiefof this embaffage from the King were Afc:nppusax)<i He- 
 gefianax- Then Menipptu began and faid, *' That he knew no fuch perplexed difii:ulty in their 
 *' cmbaffage^confidering they were come f.mply to treat for peace, and to contradl: a league and al- 
 " liancc. For, laith he, there are three forts ot confederacies and afl'ociations, whereby States and 
 " KK. ordinarily conclude league and amity one with another. The Hrlt.when they that are van- 
 "quifliedin war, have conditions and articles impot'ed upon them: for wlien all is yeeldedinto 
 *^ the hands ot him that is the mightier and more puiffant, then it is in his power and at hisdif- 
 "cretion and willj to giveunto the conquered party what he lift, or to take from him as he 
 '■ pleafeth. The lecond is,when they thatareequalin warlike forces give overon even hand,and 
 " be content to make peace and amity,upon indifferent and equal conditions,one with the other: 
 
 D " in which cafe, demand and claim is made, reftitution and amends performed according to the 
 " accord and agreement : and if in time of the wars, any have been molefted and troubled in their 
 *' poffeiTion, they fall to compohtion either by the form and tenor of ancient law, or refpeftive 
 '■ to the good and profit of both parties. The third is, when they that never were enemiesjmeec 
 ''and confer together about concluding ibme friendfliip,by way of folemn alliance and fociety, 
 " who neither give nor tjke any conditions : for that belongeth properly to Conquerors, and 
 '' fhofe that are conquered. Seeing then that Jiit:ochitsis comprifed in thislaR kind, Imarvail 
 '' (qd, he j that the Romans fliould think or fay. It is reafonable to tender articles unto him, or 
 " to prc'fcribe and letdown, what Cities of Afut they would have to be free and exempt, and 
 "which they would have to be tributary: and into what Cities they would exprelly forbid the 
 
 E ■* King his gurifons, or the King himfelf to enter and fet foot. For in this wife ought they to 
 ' make peace with Philip their enemy in times paft,and not to draw a contraft o' amity and afio- 
 " ciation with Ainiochus^z. friend at this prefcnt. To this Oration Q^ttftimi fliaped his anfwerin 
 " this fort. " Foral'much as it pleafeth you to make your fpcech thus dillinftly by way ofdivifi- 
 " on and feveraliy to reherfeal! kinds ot confederacies and accordsT alfo will fet down asmetho- 
 <' di. ally in order two conditions without which, you may let iheKing your mailer to underftand, 
 ''that hemuftnot look to entertain any friendfhip with the people of /J^wf. The one is this, 
 " that if he would debar us to intermeddle with theCities of Afi^t:he likewifc himfelf have no- 
 '' thing to do with all Europe. The other, that if he cnnnot contain him'.elt within the compafs of 
 '' Afl.ihax. will needs encroach upon it theRomanslikewifemay have liberty and power both to 
 
 F '' maintain thofe amities which they have r.lready, and aifo to entertain new with theStatcsof 
 " ^7/7 ', Hereat He^eft.tn.ix 'manned and faid, " That this was anindignity intolerable and which 
 '' he could not abide to hear,namely th3ty^/-.f(ocA«/fliould be diffaized of thole Cities o^ Thrace 
 '' and Chrfoiiefit, which Scleucus his great grand-father had conquered with f.ngular honor from 
 '■'K'mg Lyftmachfts^ whom he vanquiilicd in war and flew infield, and fetled the fame in him as 
 " his rightful inheritance,As for the fanie cities poffeffed by the Thracians,^»f/of/:)/« himfelf with 
 " as great praife and gloryhath partlyby forceofarms regained out oftheirh.inds andpartlyre- 
 " peopled with the old inhabicanrs called home again, whereas they lay abandoned and defolat, 
 " and nx mdy J.yf mac hi .2 11 felf asall the world feeth: and more than that. hath re-edified to liis 
 " exceeding charge and expenfe, thofe that lay along in their ruins, and were confumed with fire* 
 
 Q *' What likenes then is there between thefe two demands: namely ,that Antiochus fliould quit the 
 " poffeffion of that which either he a, quired or recovered in that fort : and that the Romans 
 " fliouldabftain and forbear J/;<;,whivh never appertained unto them? To conclude, AMiockui 
 " faith he) is defirousof the Roman fricndlliip, but in fuch terms as may ft and with his honor,&: 
 "^ not purchafe himl'elf Hume and reproach. Then Quintmi rejoyned again in this tnanner :^ " For 
 '■ afmuch as. qd.he.wc balance and weigh things according to honefty(as in truth it is befitting the 
 "chief and principal (late of the world, and fo sreat and mighty a King to prize that only or ac 
 ^ P p p 2 " leaftwife
 
 J he four and thirtieth Boo\ o/T.Livius. 
 
 " leaftwireprincipallyaboveallotherregards)! would gladly know of yon. Whether ye think it H 
 " more honelt ot the twain, either to will and wilb that all the Cities of Greece whatloever and 
 *' wherefoever fhould enjoy liberty : or to make them homagers and tributary ? If Antiochm 
 " thinketh it be an honorable thing for him to reduce into fervitude and bondage as his own, 
 " thofe Cities which his great grand-father held by right of arms, and whereof neither his father 
 *• nor orand- father afore him were in pofleffion : the people of Rome likewife eflei-meth it a mate- 
 " rial point that toucheth their faithfninefs and conftancy,not to forfake the Greeks, whofe pro- 
 " teftion and defence they have enterprifed and taken in hand. And like as they have freed Greece 
 t' out ofthehands oi PhJipio they intend lodeliver thofe Cities of -^/.j which are olGreekifh 
 «« race and defcent/rom the iuhjedioaof yinticchts. For the Greek Colonies were not fent into 
 t'iEo/«and /o;?/^, to live in lervitude under the King, but to imreaCe and multiply, thata molt I 
 " ancient n.nion might Ipreadoverthefaceofthe whole earth. Now when as Heg(fia-^axV.v.tvt 
 not how tofliilt and turn himfeif and could not deny but that the caufe of liberty which the Ro- 
 mans pretended in the title of their quarrel, was of more honefly and credit, than that other of 
 flavery : Let's Liy away ail thefe cirivmflancesof words (quoth P. Sulpttus-, theancjentelt perfon 
 ol all the ten Deleg-its) and choofe ye one of the two conditions which even now were exprefly 
 offered unto you by Quiyitnis-, or elfe make no more talk about amity with the Romans. Then 
 quoih Moiifpis^h?, for us, wc may in no ca(e, neither will we capitulate and covenant any thing 
 prejudicial to the Kingdom ard royal llate of King Antiochus. The morrow alter Ofiintius when 
 he had brought all the EmbalTiesot Greece and vt//,«into the Senat, that they might know whac 
 afte6tion the people of /^swecarried, and what mind v^;7r/e(r/;//jbare to the Cities oiGreece^ he K 
 declared before them alias well his own demands,as thofe of the Kings part:willing them to make 
 report unto their own Cities, andaffure them, that the people of /?»wff would maintain them a- 
 oainll A^^uocbas {\mds\-\t declined oni o'i Europe) with the fame vertue, valour, ardfidelity 
 wherewith he had defended their liberty againll Philip, Then Menippus was earned with Qjan- 
 tu-.sivid the LL. of the Senat, befeeching them inftantly not to proceed in hall to a decree where- 
 by they fliould fct all the world in trouble and uprore ; but both take leifure thcmfelves and give 
 refpite unto the King to deliberat farther of the matter : for no doubtjUpon the relating ot the 
 conditions, he would confider upon them, and either obtain fomewhat at their hands, or for 
 peace lake yeeldhisconfentto all. Thus was the matter wholly and entirely deferred: and agreed 
 it wasjtliatthefameEmbaffadorsfhouldbeaddreffed unto the Kingjwho had been with him ac L 
 'Lyftm<:e,ch:tii to wit, V.iulp'tius P .Vdl .-is-, and P. Alms, 
 
 Scarcely were they gone from the Ciry and entred upon their journey, but EmbalTadors arri- 
 ved from Carthage-, who reported that without all doubt Antiochus made preparation for war, 
 and therein u;ed the hand and miiiiHery oi Anmta!- info much, as it was feared alfo that a third 
 Punick war would break out withal. ^i'>jw^.^/,as we faid before, having fled his native countrey, 
 repaired \mto Anticchits-, and waq in great account and edimaiion with the King, fotno other 
 caufe and po i.y in the vvorld,but that the King who projeified and plotted long time in hislj)!- 
 rit to levy war upon the Romans, could find no man more fit than ^.■;;7.^.t/ to break his mind 
 unto, and with whom to dircourfe upon a matter offuch confequence. ^;^^>2/^^/hisfongand re- 
 folution was ever one and the fameliill, namely, To make war within Italy: and that /r^/)- was jvl 
 able to frrnifli a forrain enemy, with men munition^and viv5\uals. For this he cad with himfeif 
 and conhdered, that if all were quiet there and no troubles fet a footj but that the people of Rome 
 might with the forces and riches of Itrly, furnifli themfclves to make war without /r^/j, there 
 was no Monarch nor nation under the fun able to make head againft the Romans, He demanded 
 therefore to have the command of loo clofe (hips with hatch and deck, i(5coofoot, and looo 
 horfe : and v\'ith the faid fleet he would fird fail into Ajfrick^^ where he aflured himfeif that he 
 flvould be able to follicit and induce the Carthaginians to rebellion : but if they held off and made 
 it goodly and drange, yet would he fettle in feme part of /^/y and levy war againft the Romans. 
 -His advice and counfel furthermore was, that the King fliould with ail his other forces pafs into 
 E/.'ropf ,and in fome one part o\ Greece keep his power together, and nor to take the Sea,but to be jsj 
 ready ever to crofs over; which would be fufficient tomakeafhew andraife a bruit all abroad of 
 war. Whcnhe hadperfwaded theKing to this defignmentandrefolution,fuppofingthat he was 
 likewife to found and prepare the heaitsatore-hand of his own countrymen to this purpofe: he 
 durd not difpatch any letrers unto them, forfear they might chance to be intercepted by the way, 
 and I'o difcover the wholeplot. He hapned at Epbefnsu^on a Tyriau one Arifton, a man whofe 
 indudry and dexterity he had tried in fome fmall fervices wherein he had imployed him. Him he 
 plyed with gifts in hand,but fed him-more with large promifesofgreat rewards,whichKiDg^«- 
 tiochiis aTo himfeif feemed to make good and give his word for; indfoftx\t\\\mx.o Carthag^e 
 with credence and inlirud^ions. He acquainted him with the names of all thofe perfons with 
 whom hcwastotalk and confer: he fuinifheth him with fecret tokens, whereby they might q 
 affuredly know. that he was no counterfeit, but came with a meffage from him. Nov whiles this 
 -*^!';/?<'??Converred inCA-^^^e.the fiends of Aiini^dkncw nofooner about what errand he came, 
 than his very enemies. At the fird, much talk and difcourfe there was in every corner of the City 
 where they met. and at their feafts and merriments.ofthismatter. Afterwards at their councel ta- 
 ble fome duck not to fay, that the exile of A»»/^^/ was to little or no purpofe, if whiles he was 
 ablenc he couid contrive and compafs new plots, and by folliciting and tempering mens minds, 
 . difquiec
 
 The four and thirtieth Boo\^ of T.Livius. nn 
 
 f^ difquiec and trouble the ftate of the City. There is a nrangcr,fay they,one Arifio» a Tyrian, hither 
 come with inltruftions from /*«»»^^/ and King yf«:iffc/j»«: certain men there are,that daily have 
 priv y conference with him, and dei ife in fecret ot that, which anon will break out to the utter 
 ruin and overthrow of all. '' Whereupon they all cried with one voyce to convent v^r/i-y^^ pe- 
 "remptorily before them,andtoexamine him about what bufinefs he wasthithera;rived;andur* 
 " lefs he would bewray &: declare the matter ^.to fend him with Embafladors of purpofe^to Rome: 
 " For why ? we have ('fay they)felt the fmart enough, and paid fufficicntly for the tolly and rjfh 
 *' head of one harebrained man already. Let privat perfons bear their own lead hereafter, and at 
 " their own peril commit a trefpafs • provided alvvayes that the Common- weal beprcferved ^lear 
 "not only from all faulr, but alfo from allapparance and bruit ot any fuch intenr. ^yr.fion bein^^ 
 g called before them ,rtoodrtitly upon his integrity and exculed himfcif and evcrmureufed this for 
 his bed and Aired defence, That he had brought no letters at all to any ptrionrhowbeit hecouid 
 not render a ready Sc I'ound reafon of his coming thither bittcfpecially he vvasfiirewdly toubled 
 and put to his trumps when they charged him. That he had calk and communi.ition with thofe 
 only ot theBarchine fadion. Hereupon arofefome debate and altercation in the iiouie ; whiles 
 fome were of opinion that he fliould beapprehended for a fpie, and cUpt up fait in ward : others 
 aoai»wete ot mind that there was no caufe tom^kefii-h affirandtnmn.tifor it was an evil pre- 
 fidoR to be given, that (trangcrscoming to their City. Ihonld be troubled and hardly intreated: 
 and the likemea'.'urenodoubc would be offer-d to the Carthaginians in 7 7rw& in other Towns 
 otmarchandiie,whereunto they nferoiiave retort for exchange nnd traflique. Sofor that day the 
 Q matter was put off. ^n/?o« framing himfea to play the crafty Carthaginian among thefeCartha- 
 
 to 
 
 hen 
 the Suffetes were let on the bench tominidcrbW; the bill aforelaid wa;; feen, taken down, and 
 read : wheteinto this etfe.5^ was written Tbnt y4r//?o» was not come with ameffagetoany per- 
 Ibn in particular, but to all che Seniors Or Elders in general (for fo they call the Senat.) After that 
 the thing Wis by this means made a publick matter, and the whole Race of the Senator'^ reputed 
 culpable,they were not fo earned to fearch into privat perfons. Howbeit thought good it was, 
 thac Embafladors fliould be lent to ^o^«(? to give information hereot tothe Confuls and theSe- 
 
 j-.nat,and withal, tomake complaint ofcertain wrongs done by hi.if.imjifa, 
 
 Af.ifamfa iinderdanding that theCarch iginians werefulpciled and in fome ill name among 
 the Romans,and alfo at jar and variance widiin themfelves; and namely,thac tb.e great and princi- 
 pal men were had in )ealoufy by the Senat for their conferences with Arifion; and their Senate 
 iikewifefulpecled by thepeop!e,by reafon of that writing above-named of the faid ^nfi, tr.iA'w^ 
 this for a good ad vantage and opportunity to do th.-'m fome injury. not only invaded their mari- 
 time parts and made fpoil,but alfo forced certain tributary Cities totheCarthaginiansforto pay 
 himfelf tribute. That quarter of the countrey they call Empcna.lt is the Sea coalt of the 'cfler S)i— 
 tis,a.nd the country is exceeding fertile: there is in it one only City named L ptif^ whi.hpaid to 
 the Carthaginians for tribute,a talent every day. All this region lA"fa>j!f.i then had plagued fore, 
 
 |;yea, andfor one part thereof he made fome claim, as being iitigtouswhetherit pertained to his 
 Kingdom,or the Seignory oi' the Carthaginians •• and becaufe he knew for rrath, that the Cartha- 
 ginian Embafladors were about to go to Rome^is well to purge themfelves of fome crimes where- 
 with they were charLied,as to complain of him ; therefore himfelf alfo addrefled hi>Hmbafl'adors 
 to R«me-,viho fliould lay open more matter againd them ofdeeper fufpition,and debate withal as 
 touching the right o("thofe tributes. The Carthaginians were no fooner heard fpeik concerning 
 that Tyrian dranger but the LL.of the Senat grew into fome doubtled they fliould ^vage war with 
 Antiochw and the Carthaginians both together. And this prefumption of all the rcR made the 
 fulpicion mod pregnantibecaufe when they h.-.dthe party ;.mong them and were purpofed to fend 
 him to AW;f,they neither made 'he man himfcIfiiire,nor the bark wherein he arrived. After this, 
 
 pthey fell to debate and argue with the Kings Embafladors, about the territory .ind land incon- 
 troverfy. *• TheCarthagini.n plejded forthcmfclves.anddoodmueh upon their bounds andli- 
 *■ mitSjfor that the land in fuit lay within that precinrtby which P.Sc:pio the Conqueror limited 
 *•' out that territory vvhich pertained to the feignory of thcCarrhaginians. Alfothey ailedged the 
 "confefTionoftheKinghimfelt'-whoat what time as hepurfued y^f/;trc-/,thatfledoutofhis own 
 ." realm ,and with a co i.pany of Numidians ranged abroad about C)Tf ;.-<£,made requcd unto them 
 " to give him leave to pafschroni:!i this very eround, as if (without all quedion) itbelongedto 
 " the Carthaginians. The Numidians anfwetcd again to thefe points ?c faid plainly to their faces, 
 " that they lied in their throats, as touching that fuppofed limitation and bounding by Scipio: 
 **and moreover, if we would go ('ay they) and fearch the very original indeed of the law, whac 
 
 G "landat all ought the Carthaginians have of their owe proper inheritance ? For being but meet 
 "flrangersjtbey had after much praierand entreaty,as rruch grourdallowed them and no more, 
 '* to build them aCityin as they could compaf; with thongs cut out of onebullhide. Andlook 
 "whatfoeve'-they bad encroached upon;wirhcut thacned and feat of theirs in Bfrfa they gat and 
 '' held it by force and violence. And as for the land now indrlfcthey are not able to prove, that 
 " they alwaiesheld the fame in pofleffton.nojnor thac they kept it any long time together.Bnt as 
 *' occafion and opportuniesferved of advafltagCjOne while thcyjand another while the Numidian 
 
 Ppp 5 Kings
 
 ft i lie five and th'mieth Bo&\ o/T.Liviiis. 
 
 " Kirrg" made rrsptry ard enjoied ?t, and evermore he wentaway with thepoffeffiontliereof H 
 " tliai was the lironger^and had the keener fword.In thefe coniiderations tbey requeued the Rd- 
 '' mans to leave the thing in that ftatc and condition, wherein it flood befor ? that the Cart-haei- 
 " nians were enemieSjOr KiD^Mafamfa friend and allie to the RomansJano not to intermeddle 
 •-«' bet ween,nor takca p3rt,but let the winner wear it,and him have it that can hold it. In conclu- 
 fion it was thought good-that to the Embaffadors of both parties this anfwer flicuid be return- 
 ed^namelyiThat they would fend certain CommifTionersinto ^/r/f;^^, to decide thi*; controv erfv 
 about the hind in queflion, between the people ofC^rf%eand the King. So there were lent of 
 purpofe, T.Scpio .^ifricunn^ C. Cory-.clmi Cethegtu^ and M. Mtnutius Rt-fw. Who havino heard 
 what could be faid,and ieen the thing, left all hanging flill in fnfpence^nd undecided without ad- 
 judging It by their detinitu e lentence to the one or the other. But whether they <o did, on their I 
 own head and leif-accord.or by direition from the Senac, is not lo certain as it feemeth aoreeable 
 unto that prelent time in policyjto leave them as they found them, and the controverfie^rtill de- 
 pending. For unlefs ic werelo,5o>o himfelf alone, in regard of the knowledge that he had of the 
 thingand of his authority with the perCons (fo much bound they were unto him on both fides) 
 might wuh a word of his mouth, or a nod of his head, have ended all this matter 
 
 ^ : ^ 
 
 The five and thirtieth Book 
 Ojthe Uiflor'm ofT, Livius of Padua, from the foundation of the k 
 
 CttyofKomi, 
 
 The Breviary of L. Ilorus upon the five and thirtieth Book. 
 
 PUblius Scipio Africanus h,»^fe„t Emhjf^dor t-Mo Atiuo:hns,ta/ked at Ephefus ivUh Annibal 
 Ovho kidfiaed xvtth Antiochus) to thts s»d,t!m he mij^ht rid him of thai fear which he had con^ 
 cewed of the feofl^ «f Rome, ^toHch,^,^ the taking away of hu l,fe. Among other matters paffed he- 
 trpee>,them,nLcH he d.r.^a.acdef AvaibiUvhor^ hejudgedto have bun thenohUf arjareaiefl warri- 
 or that ever r.asj-e arfnered^rhatnmtJAkx^ndtrKmg of the Maccdom,„s:forthatheJthafmall j 
 fowcr had dfcor:pted a>a defeated an n.fimte mmbcr of armies, and mthal, paffed through thofe far 
 d'fire ^d remote pari^ of the world urito which a wan would mt beltevc,that it nere poffible for any L- 
 fontoj^'mdfee them, y^hen he Oiksdag^mof him whom he dumedforthcfecoy,d: Whobnt Pyrrhus 
 ic,dhe)beca4e he t.Uight the ma„„er how topnch a camp,& bcjides.no man Lid the c'fi to ^am places 
 and hcldff^ r .dv,mageywr conldfet his corps de guard or pUm ?arr,fons better than he. A%d when he 
 proceed' dfblltokr,ow whom v tookjo be the third, Annibal nnry,ed hu own ^oodfelf At which anhver 
 Sapiofila la.ghr.g: vlMat Woiddyou have faid then {cjd. he) ,f your hap h,dbeen lohave van- 
 c,u>lhcd me} Marry then (f'lthhe) fvroidd have fet my f If before Mcx,n6et,before Pyrrhus, andbe- 
 fore all other. Among n her prodigious fights, whereof there were reported ven many, it U faid, that in 
 ths year wherein Cn.Dom.tiuS was Conful..,n Ox f pake, and f aid thefe words'; Rome,look to ihv felf w 
 The Romans prcp.ire to war mth Amwchus. Nabis the tyrant of the Ucedemomans.provoked by the ^ 
 ^tohans, whofollicned both Philip and a/fo Antiochus to w.,ge war ag.infi the pecple of Rome, re- 
 volud from the Roma;,r.arui after he had hviedrvar againfi Philop-.^men,/'m«- oftheAchMns.was 
 by the Mtol^ns flofn The Etolians likew.fe abandoned thefnendihp eft he peopL ./Rome with whom 
 Antiochus A,.;. ./Syria /...^.^: ^/.. ,vW«;.„ Greece, and furlnfedmLy Lies, and JmlZ 
 Chak.S a.d Eub^a among the refl. Bef.des, thts booi co.tameth the Lrtialafairsin Liguria, 2d 
 theprepara:toncf Antiochus for the wa-s. ^ >. ^^ana. 
 
 7 he fi-ve and thirtieth Boo\ofT, Livius. 
 
 IN the beginning of that year wherein thefe affairs thus paffed, Sext. Bigittus Pretor in high 
 5p..;«,touoh: battels .rather ordinarv- and for number many,than otherwife memorable aSd 
 worth rV pea ing no,,nft .holeStucs, whereof .Iter the departureofr.;. a g 
 rebcU.c). And thole barrels ^or themort part were fo nnfortunat, that hardly he could deliver 
 up tc^ h s :k. c (Tc r the ore hall ot thole lonld-.r. which he bad received. And doubtlefs all Spam 
 vvoudhaverikcnhearrao^n, il the other Pretor P.Comd.i^s Scipio. the fon of C;...^ had not 
 fpcd bcttcnn many of h;s confl,asbeyo.d Ibcri.. Upon which rorrour. nofewer than fifty good 
 Towns .e. oked unto h,m /^nd thefe exploits performed S.;;,..,as Preror. Who alfo in quality of 
 Propretor, en. ountred the Lufitans upon the way, as they returned homeward charoed with a 
 * Af, <:„n r^'f^y ?^f tb°o^y[':'!ed out of the bale Sp;;; which iheyhad mterlv pjliedand fpo i led : where O 
 Afco Sun. he ought trom the third hour ofthe^ day unto the eight, with doubtful everr. For rlberof 
 g- fould,er< hew .s inlerioiiy to his enemies,but for all things elfe he h.d the vantaoe.arh wenr be- 
 
 yond them.Fot his bataiUons were ^vell appointed and dole comp-^ed of a med men ,ndfo he 
 charged upon the enemies marching in a long train, and the fa me encumbred with a deal of car- 
 tel, befides.his louldiers were frefK and in heart, whereas the other were wearied with lon^ tra-- 
 
 N 
 
 veJ.
 
 The five and thirtieth Boo\ of T.Livius. 
 
 715 
 
 j^T vfl. For the enemies ret forth at the third watch, and befides their night journeyjthey had mar- 
 - ^hed three hpiui alio oftheday,and without anyrepofeoiTe(tatall,they came to a conflict pre- 
 fently u °''" 'h'^'"''^*'^' o" ^'^^^ way. And therefore at the beginning of thebaft.:!,folon^ as they 
 were in'afty i',r»"'2°*j' 'heir lirength icrved, they troubled anddilbrdered the K. mans with the 
 firlt charge they gavt;;D>": afterwards tor .1 while they came to be equal in hght.In which hazard of 
 donbdul ilVne the Proprer-:: vowed to fet torth certain lolemn games to the hcnour o{ Jupiter ^ 
 in cale he might difcomfic the esv;:jiie?,and kill them in chale. At the length the Romans advan- 
 ced forward more hotly, and the Lulitaiis reireated, yea, and anon turned their backs quite. And 
 when as in this train of uitory the Romans piirfued them hard in the rout, there were of the ene- 
 mies flain upon 12000., 5 00 and forty Mken priloners, all in manner horfemtn ; and of military 
 genlignsthey carried away one hundred tnirfV and four. Of the Romanarmyi'evenry and three 
 only were loll. This battel was fought not far froolrheCiiy ///jj.r. And thither brouaht P.Co.-ijff- 
 liHs'nh vii^oriousarmv, enriched with prey and pillage. Which vvaslaij all abroad before the 
 Town, and e.cry man had leavegiven to challenge and claim his own. .AlUhcrell wasoivento 
 the Trcafiirer for to be fold and the mony railed thereof,was parted among the fouldier?. 
 
 Now h. id not '^.F/w//;/;./ the Pretor as yet taken hislea\e oi Rome, when thcfe things fell 
 out in Siji.iin, and tiiere'Vre both he and his tn'ends talked and diilourfed much upon thefe occur- 
 . rents both good and bid : md forafmuch as a great war in his Province was broken out to a light 
 fire, and himyfAv^s to receive from S.-.vf. Dj?i:insh\M a fmall remnant of an army, and the fame 
 timorous Hill arid full of fright. as not well reco\ered cf their former flight jhe had alfncdtobrinc 
 Q about,chattheSenac would afhgn unto him one of the City-legions ; to the end that when he had 
 joined thereto thofe fouldiers which himfelf had enrolled according to an order let down by the 
 Senat, he might out of all that number chufe forth fix thoufand and five hundred footmen, and 
 three hundred horl'emen. With which legion (tor in the army or.iVvr. Dl^iiijis he repofed fmall 
 conHdence) he minded to make war. The ancient Senators denied and faid,That acls of the Senat 
 were not 10 be mide upon every flying tale and report fet abroad and blazed by fome particular 
 perfons in favor of Ma^illrac;. Neither would they hold any thing for certain, but that which ei- 
 ther the Pretorsthemfelves wrote out oithe Provinces,orEmbalTador3 Tent of purpofe, related. 
 Andir there were any fuch commotionand trouble in 5'^.j/«, they were ofadvice that the Pretor 
 fliould levy in haft without /M/y, fuch tumultuary fouldiers, as in chat cafe were ufually taken up. 
 [) The intent and mind of the Senatwas, that fouldiers fhould in that fort bepreft outin^;;^*;?. 
 FaUri'.is AntiM writeth that C,Fl.in:imiis both failed into Staly to levy and mufler men, and alio 
 as he made Tail from 5/f;/)' toward S/?^«j was by wind and tempelf put with the fhore oi yJfrickj 
 where he found certain fouldiers dilperled over the countrey, remaining ofthe army of P. Ufri- 
 r<j»»/fi: of whom betook a military oath to ferve him inhiswars: and that to thefe levies railed 
 in two Provinces, he joyned alfo aihird in SpM>f. V ' 
 
 The vv3r of theLiguria'^slikewiregrevv asfaft : for they had already befiegedand inverted Pifk 
 with forty thoufand men : and thither reforted and flocked dayly unco them great mulcituJes as 
 well fcr hope of pillage, as upon the bruit and rumorthat went ofthe war. y\.in:i:ins the Conful 
 came at • h: day appointed to Arctmrrj, whi-h was the Rende^vor.s where he had commanded all 
 E his fouldiers to meet: him : from when.:e he marched with a fourfqnarc Bartailon toward ViJ£. 
 And when the enemies had removed their camp a mile from the Cicy onthe other fide of the 
 River, the Conful tntred the Town, which no doubt by his coming he preferved. Thenextday 
 himfelf alfo encamped on the other fide ofthe River, almofl half a mile from the enemies, from 
 whiih place he made light skirmiflies with them and faved the terr-tory of his allies from the ex- 
 curfions and ro'-iberiei: ofthe enemies. Hedurfl not as yet try abatt.iil in pitched field, as having 
 but raw and new fouldiers, and thofe gathered out ofmany kinds ofmen and not fo well known 
 am'^ng themlelves, that one might fnrely trufl another. The Ligurians bearing themfelves bold 
 of their numbers, not only came forth inif the field ready to bid battail, and hazard all upon a 
 throw : but having multitudes at commandment and to (pare, fent out into all parts fundry com- 
 p paries to fpoil and raife booties as far as to the marches and irontiers ofthe countrey. And when 
 they hadgathercd together much cattail and great ftore of pillage, they had a Hronjr place of de- 
 fence re idy at hand, well manned and guarded, by means whereof all was convoyed into their 
 burronghs ard Towns. 
 
 Thus while the Ligurians war was fettled about Pz/i, the other CoBful L.Qornelhss Ademl.: 
 cntrcd with his srmv by the utmoll confines ofthe Ligurian'; into the territory ofthe Pjoiins: 
 whc'-': the w:r was managed far otherwi 'e than with theLigurians. For the Conful entred the 
 field in battail arra- ,but the enemies fell off and would nor fight. In fo much as the Romans feeing 
 nr»nc to comcforth and prcfcnnhem elves, ran abroad into allpatsto 'peedrbeir hands with 
 pi Ijge. And the Boianschofe rather ro fuffer their goods to be ranfacked, making norefiftance, 
 G Mvir tofive the fame with the hazard of a battail. The Conful when he had wrnosht his plea- 
 lure andconfumed all wuh fire and fword departed out of the territory ofthe enem'es,and tnar- 
 clied toward * Mutir.a fecure'v without any regard of himfelf, a-? rhroup> a pe '-'cable country of « i^^^^r. 
 his friends. The Boii perceivins one that ihcy were gone out o'"rhei r''mits, 'allowed after w'th 
 aitilland fllcnt march, feekingfome convenient place for ro by anambufli, ^nd havir':, in the 
 ri?ght fcafon paffed beyond the Roman camp they feifed themfelves of a Ore?ghtpafiage within 
 aTafincfsj' through which of neceflity the Rorajns muflpafs, and there they forlayed them. 
 "^ ^ ^ This
 
 «i^ 7 he five and thirtieth Boo\ o/T.Livius. 
 
 This was not fo clofely carried) bnt the Confnl had an inkling thereof: and therefore where as H 
 
 his manner was to fet out in his march early in the morning, long before day lightjuow for teas 
 left the darknets of the night (hould increafe the terror of a tumultuary skirmifti, he waited for 
 the day. And albeit the fun was up before he removed and fet forward, yet he few oUt a Troop 
 of horiemcn to fcour and difcover the quarters. And after he was advertifed by thefe efpials 
 what number there was of enemies, and in what place they were, he commanded that all the 
 baggage and carriage of the whole army (hould be beftowed in the mids, and that the Triarii 
 {hould ftake and pale it all about, whiles he with the reft of his forces marched in order of bat- 
 tail, 2!id approached theenemy. The like alfo did the French, after they once faw that their am- 
 bufli and trains were dete£^edj and that they muft of neceflity fight a let pit' hcdbattail, where, 
 down right blows, clean fttength, and pore v alourj was to carry away the victory. Thus about I 
 the fecondhour of the day they affronted one another. The left wing of the horiemen of the al- 
 lies and the extraordinaries fought in the vanguard, under the conduftot two Lieutenants that 
 bad been Confuls; to wit, M, A'farce/'us, and T, SemproniM, Contul the year betore. ' he new 
 Confui one while w as in the front of the battail,another while at the tail to keep in the legions, 
 left for eager defire of fight they fhould advance forward to the conflift before thai the fignal was 
 nivcn. As for the men of arms belonging to the legions,he commanded Quintius and P. Mi»uti' 
 «/, Marfhal? or Colonels, to bring them forth, and conduit them without the battailinto a large 
 plain, from whence out of the open ground they (hould on a fuddain charge the enemies, when 
 he gave them a fignal by found ot Trumpet. Thus ashe was mcrfl-.?lliDg3nddiredtinghismen| 
 there came a meflenger from T'Scmfronius Loi^g^r with arepoit, that the loofe Extraordinary K 
 fouldiers atorefaid were not abk to abide the \ io ence of the Uauls : that very many of them wfte 
 flain, and ihofet^at remained, party for wejrirels of travail, and partly for featful cowardice 
 bean to quail their heat of fight: andthereforeiiheihoughto good, he (hould fend one of the 
 two legions to fuccour, before they had received f.=rcher dilhonor. Whereupon the fecond legi- ^ 
 On was fenr.and the Extraordinaries retired themieU es out ofthe batiail. Then began the conftift J 
 anew,by reafon ih^t ihefoulditrs came in frefli and ir> he.irt,anii the legion befidcs was compleat 
 and fully futniflied with all her companies : the left wing of hcriemen atorefaid was retired out of 
 the battail, and in lieu thereof, the ri^ht vvirgadi anced into the (ore-front. By this time the fun 
 with extreme Icorching heat, rolled and fried the boc^ies c' the Frenchmen, which of all things 
 canleaft abide heat: howbeit,ftanding with their ranks thickandclofetogcther,onewhile they L 
 leaned ore upon another: other v\hiles trey refted and b*iCthemfelves upon their targets, and 
 luftained the violeme of rhe Romans, Whiih whtnthe Confui perceived,hecommanded C.L<■- 
 ^7//^5.,//■«.:fo?-who had thecondu6tot thelighthorfe in the wings, tofend inthequickeft horfe 
 in all his company,with ful carrier to break their ranks : and ga\ e charge that the legionary horfe- 
 men (hould abide behind in the reregard. This tempeft and ftormof Cavalry firft (hufflcd and 
 put in dilaray the battail of the Gauls, and afterwards brake their ranks and files clean,yet not fo, 
 that they turned their backs : for why, their Captains and Leaders would not fuffcr them, laying 
 about with their truncheons upon the backs of them that fo trembled for fear, and forced them 
 again into their ranks : but the light horfemen aforefaid riding among them would not permit 
 them to rtand to it, and keeptheir place. The Confui for his part encouraged and exhorted his M 
 fouldiers to flick to it av\hile,for the viftory was in their hands ; and to charge flill upon themjfo 
 long as they law them difordred and affrighted : for if they fuffered their ranks to dofe again they 
 fhould abide another conflift, and the fameperhaps doubtful and dangerous. The Enfign-bearers 
 be commanded to advance their banners: and thus at length with putting all their power and 
 good will together, they difccmficed the enemy, and put him toflighc. After they (hewed their 
 backs onre and took them to their heels, running away on all fides, then the legionary horfemen 
 were fent out after to follow the chafe- fourteen thoulandBoians that day were flain, a thoufand 
 and nine hundred taken prifoneisaliv^: 221 horfemen, three of their Leaders, and of Enfigns 
 were won 2 12, and chariots ($5, The Romans likewilewon not this victory fo deer, but it coft 
 ihemfomebloud. Fo: oftheir own fouldiers and allies together,there died above five thoufand, N 
 23 Centiirions,befidesfour Colonels of Allies, and two Marlhalsofthe fecond legion, to wit j 
 
 Atone nnd the felffame time in manner, both the Confuls letters were brought to Rome, Cor- 
 Kelimhh letters touching the battail fought at A/nti>iawiih the Boians :but the other of ^. /1/»- 
 nntiMshom?if<e were written to thisctfei-1, That whereas by lot it belonged to him to hold the 
 affembly fortheeledionofnew Magiftrats, yet confidering in how doubtful terms of hazard his 
 affairs ftood in Li^y.ria that he might not poffibly departfromthence without the utter ruin of 
 ihe aLies, and hinderance of the weal publick : therefore if it might feem fo good unto theLL.of 
 the Senat, he would adv ife them to fend unto his brother Confnl, That he, who had finifhed his 
 war, might return to Rome for to hold the forefaid general affembly for the ele^ion : but in cafe o 
 hefliould think much i hereof, becaufe this charge properly appertainethnot tohim ; hepromi- 
 fed them, ihac himi'elf would do whatfoever the Senate (hould think good. But he requefted 
 t'lem toconlider and be vvelladvifedi, Whether it were not more expedient for the common- 
 weal to proceed ratherto an intcrreign, than that he fliould leave the Province in that ftatc of 
 jeopardy. The Sei>ar hereupon gave in charge to C.3*m^o«;«;fortofeDd two Embaff?dors both 
 of Senators calling, unto U Qomdms the Confui, who (hould carry alfo with them unco bitn 
 
 the
 
 The five and thirtieth Boof^ofTAJiVvas. li% 
 
 f^ the letters of his colleague written and lent unto the Senat : and withal, to let him underfland 
 thatunlefs he would come himfelf to Romeiot theeledionofnew M.igiHrats t ofucceed, the Se- 
 nat would futfcr an interreign rather than call away Q..^/««/w/ from the war unfiniflied, and 
 wherein he was wholly employed. The Embaffadors that were fentjbrought word back,That L. 
 Cornclitii would repair to AW;f himfelf for the chiifing olnew Magillrats. As touching the letters 
 of I-.Co/-»f/>«^)Wherein he gave chem to under(land,what happy iflue & futcefs he had in the bat- 
 tail with the Boians ; there was fome reafoning and debate in the Scnat-houfe : for /'/. Qlandms 
 his Lieutenant had written other letters privately to moli of the Senators, to this died j Thac 
 they were much beholden and bound to give thanks unto the good fortune of the people of Rome-, 
 and theva'our ofthefouldiers, in that they fped fo well as they did: for by means of the Con- 
 g fu!, not only there were a good number ot men lolt,but alfo the armyof the enemies was efcaped 
 out of their hands, when they had fit opportunity prefented unto them>ot a final defeat and over- 
 throvv thereof: and that by this occafion there was a greater number ot the fouldiers mifcarried; 
 for that they who flionid haverefcued ar.d fuccoured thole that werediltrclVed, came too late 
 out ot the rereg.ird : and the rcafon why the enemies got away and efcaped was this, becaufe the 
 legionary horfemen had not thellgnal loon enough founded unto them, and could nocpoflibly 
 purfue them in thechaie. Therefore as concerning that poiDt,they would not determine any tWrn^ 
 rafhly and hand over head, but the matter was referred and put over to a more frequent afl'em- 
 bly or Senators, 
 
 A greater object there was to trouble their heads ; for the City was much opprefled with ufu- 
 Q ry : and albeit the avarice and covetoufnefs of men had been well gaged and bridled by many laws 
 comerning ufury, yet there was a cautelous device and flii ft found out, to avoid alUlatutesin 
 that behau : to wit, that all obligations fliould pafs in the names of aliies,and be fealed unto them, 
 who were not tied and bound to obferve the laws aforcfaid. By which means the creditors en- 
 wrapped their debtors in what bonds they lift, and forced them to pay extream interelf as they 
 would themfeives, without Hint. For to feeinto this dilorder and enormity, and toredrefs the 
 lame, it was ttiought good and order taken, tofetdown and limit a certain day, namely, upon 
 which the ufurers werelah rellrained. From which day all thofe allies Hiould come in and de- 
 clare andprofels, what mony they had put forth upon ufury toany citizen> oi Rome ; and that the 
 creduonr fhould have right to recover thofe monies put forth from that time, according to fuch 
 jj conditions as the debtor would himfelf. Hereupon, after there were difcovcred great fums of 
 money jnd debts contrafted by this fraudulent pra6tife,/l/.5fwpr<;ww a Tribun of the Commons, 
 by advice o'i the Senat propounded a law, and the Commons allowed it, That the fame courfe of 
 putting out money praifliled between citizen and citizen of ^o»/;r, lliould likewifebe in force a- 
 mong the .lilies of the Latin Nation, In this fort went matters in /r.?//, both within the City of 
 Rome and alfo in the wars abroad. 
 
 In -Sp.thi the war was nothing fo much as the bruit that ran thereof. C. Fliw/m'ns in high 
 S/).j.'/7, wan Hiicui, a Town in the Cretans countrey: after which exploit, he laid up his fouldiers 
 in their winter harbour. And in wintertime there pafled t ertain light skirmifhes f not worth 
 the naming) againft the excurlions of brigands and theeves, I may rather fay, than enemies: and 
 E yet the fortune was variable and not without fome lofs of men. As for M. Fu/vmsbe atchieved 
 gteat matters: for he fought in a ranged battail with banner difplaied againll the Vacceans, the 
 Veitones, and the Celtiberians, before the Town Toletum ; where he difcomfited and put to 
 flight the army of thofe nations, and took prifoner alive, their King Hihrnnts. 
 
 Whiles thefe things thus palfed \nSf.ii;:, the day drew neer, of the folemn e!ei\ion ofMagi- 
 ftrats at Rome : and therefore h.Cornelnts the Conful having lefc M. Claudius Lieutenant in the 
 army,cameto Rome-: who, after he hid difconrfed in the Senat- houfe of his own exploits, and in 
 what eflatethe province (tood^hecomplained to the LL.ofihe Senat, that conlideringfo great a 
 war was brought to an end, by onebattail fofortunatly and happily tought, there was no folem- 
 nity to the honour of the Gods, performed in that behalf. Over and befdes, he demanded, Thac 
 F they would decree a pro ell'ion and triumph withal. But before the Senators were to deliver their 
 opinions to ihis demand, Q^ Macllus., who had been Confnl and Diftator, rofe up and laid, 
 " That there had been letters brought at one and the fame time ; both from the Conful Cornelius 
 '^to the Senat,andalfofromM.M.Jrcf//ffjto a great many of the Senators, and ihofe letters impor- 
 " ting contrarieties: whereupon theconfultationol'that matter had been deferred and put oft\to 
 " the end that it might be argued and debated in the prefenre of them both, who wrote the let- 
 " ters : and therefore I ever looked (quoth he) that the Conful (knowing efpecially that his Lieu- 
 " tenant had written and Informed fomewhatagalnlf him,and conhderingthat himfelf was tore- 
 " pair to Rome) would have brought him alfo witli him '. feeing that it had been more meet and 
 "•' befitting him to hive delivered the army to T,Sewp'-o»i-if, one that was inrhecommiflionand 
 G had a command,th3nto a Lieutenant. But it Hiould feem now, that he was left behind far enough 
 off ofvery purpofe, for fear he would avow and juftifie perfonally his hand-writing, and charge 
 him face to face: and that if the Conful fliouldm.iJve report of any untruth, hemight bcchal- 
 len'-^ed therefore, and the thing f.fted and canvafed, until the truth appeared clearly and came to 
 light: and thereforemy opinion is f quoth he) that nothing be determined atthisprefent, as 
 touching the demands of the Conful. But when as he perlifted notwithftanding, andfollowed 
 thefult liill, namely, thatthev would ordain a folemn procelhon, and that hiimfelf might enter 
 
 the
 
 Thefiye and thirtieth Boo\^ ofT, Livius. 
 
 ibe City,riding in ttlvim'ph:thcnMarciti and C-Tttwiiu ^hoih Tribuns of the Commons^protefled,^ 
 ihst they would interpofe their negativCjand cancelihe order ot the Senat in that behalf. 
 
 The Lenfors for that time, were Sex- JElius Patus and C. Corr.elhts Cethe^us-, created the year 
 before. Ccrmlim took a review of the City and numbred the people; and there were accounted 
 by his*fur\ey 1437049011$ of Citizens. Great floods arofe thatyear, and Tjber overflowed all 
 the flats and plain places of the City: and about the gate f/«wf»f<i»^ certain houfes and buil- 
 dings were overthrown withal, and laid along. The gate Cdtmontana befides, was flricken with 
 lii'htnin<',and the wall about it was likewifeblafted from heaven, ht ^ricia-, LanMvtum^znd'in 
 moiirt Avemin-, it rained Clones. And reported it was from Capua-, that a great fwarm of Wafps 
 came flyinointo the market place, and fetled upon the Temple oi Mars; which being with great 
 care taken^up and gathered together, were afterward confumed with fire. In regard of thefe pro- I 
 dioioiis tokens, order was given, that theDecemvirsftrould fearch and perufe the books of 5«- 
 bylhi'y whereupon anovendialfacrifice(to continue nine dayes) was appointed, a publickpro- 
 ceflion folemnized, and the City was deanfed and hallowed. About the fame time //. ?or««J 
 C ^fo, dedicated the Chappelof Fng^tn VtElory. neer tothe Temple of the Goddefs Viitory, two 
 years after that he had vowed it. in that year alfo the Triumvirs, C. ManliusVolfo., L.jipufiim 
 Fullo-> and P.t/£l:fis Tubero., (who had preferred a billof rcqueft aljout the planting of a ColonyJ 
 had commiflion granted, to condud a Colony of Latins into the countrey of Thurmm : and thi- 
 ther went three ihoufand footmen and three hundred horfemen ; a fmall number in compirifon 
 of the largeneis and quantity of ihe territory. There might well have beenfet out thirty acres for 
 every footman, and threefcoreforanhorfeman : but by the motion and nd\keo( y^puftifts, one K 
 third part of the Lands was excepted and referved,to the end, that afterwards in time,they might 
 enrol new Coloners if it pleafed them. And therefore the footmen had twenty acres, and the 
 horfemen forty apeece. 
 
 Now approached the end of the year, and more ambition there was, and hotter fuit for place 
 of dignity in theeledtion of Confuls, than ever had been known any time before. Many mighty 
 men,as well of the Tatritii and nobles,as the Commoners, flood and laboured hard for the Con- 
 fulfhip, to wit, P.Ccrnel.H! Scipio, the fon of C»e«^,who lately was departed out oiSpaiyi after he 
 had atchievedmany worthy deeds. L.5«/»f/wf/<«»«/»/«/whohadbeen Admiral of the navy in 
 Greece, and Cn.Manltits Fo/fo, all of the Nobility. But of the Commons were C. Lulms, Cn.Domi- 
 jitis, C. Livius Sa/i>iator,zDd M.Actltus. But all mens eyes were fixed upon Quimius and Comeli- L 
 Its : For they defited one place,being both of them nobly defcended, and their trefh glory for feats 
 of war, recommended both the one and the other. But above all other things, the brethren of 
 thefe competitors, two moft renowned warriors of their time, fet the debate on a light fire. The 
 glory of Scipio, as it was the greater of the twain, fo it was more fubjed to envy. The honour of 
 Qiiintius was more frefh, as who that yeer had newly trinrnphed. Over and befides, the one of 
 ihcm had been now almoft ten years continually converfant in the eyes of men ('a thing that ma- 
 keth great men not fo highly regarded, by reafon that they are grown (tale, and the world is full 
 already of them J alfo he had been twice Conful, and Cenforfince he vanquifhed yimthal. But in 
 Ottintifts all was frefli and new, to win the good grace and favor of men. And more than that,he 
 neither after hh triumph had obtained ought of the people, nor, to fay a truth, requefted any M 
 thirg. Healledged, that he made fuit for his own natural and whole brother by both fides, and 
 not for a Coufin German; in the behalf of a very companion and partaker with him in the ma- 
 naging of the war (for as himfelf ferved by Land, fo his brother performed many exploits by fea.) 
 So he obtained, that ^«/»r/«jfliould be preferred before his competitor, whom jifricanttsind 
 his brother \^Jfi.itia!s] brought in and graced, whom the whole race olComelU feemed to coun- 
 tenance. even then when a Conuluts, Conful, was prefident of the ele61:ion;and held the aflembly; 
 whom theSenat had given fograveatedimony of, in adjudging him robe thebefl: man fimply in 
 alt the City,and thought moft worthy to receive the goddefs.dame Id^ajcommg from Peffinusio^ 
 the City o'iRome. Thus were L. ^«;»fw,andC«. Domitius t^nobarhui created Confuls, in fuch' 
 fort,that AfrtcA-.im was of no credit, and bare no ftroke at all (ye may be fure/in the elc6i:ionof kj 
 a Conful out ofthe third efiate of Commons, albeit he emploied hirnfelfjand did his beftforC. 
 Ldms. The next day after were the Pretors ele61ed x^^m.z\^yh.Scrthomus Lihoy M.PidviusCenti- 
 maUts^A. AnHius Sorafufs, M.Eavus TamphilaStL.Kaleritts TappHS,znd Q.Salomus Sarra.\ni\\\s 
 year Al.I£.mylins Lapidus and L.&mylius Pa::/us,the Cenfors,bare themfelves fo in their officc,as 
 they made their year to be notable and much fpoken of. They condemned and fined many of the 
 City grafiers or farmers ofthe common paftures : and ofthat money which arofe of theiramerce- 
 ment?, were certain gilded flueld;; made, which werefet upon the finial or lantern of y^p/f^r/ 
 Tcmp'e. They made one terrace or gallery vvithout the gate Trigemi>:a, with a marchants Hall| 
 orBurfe adjoined thereto, neer Ty^^;-: and another from the gate fo»f/»/?/^ they built in length' 
 as far as to the A'tar of yWrf;.f,lcading to Mars field. O 
 
 For a long time nothing was done in Li(ruria worth the remembrance. But about the end of 
 the year twice wcie the Romans in great jeopardy: for both the camp ofthe Conful was affailed 
 and hardly defended and alfo not long after, as the Roman hoft marched through a flreight pafs, 
 the army of the Ligurians kept the very gullet of thepaffage, and the Conful feeing he could 
 not make way throuph, turned his enfigns, and began to retire the fame way became: but 
 by that time, fome ofthe enemies had gained alfo the back part ofthe pjfs, infomuch as the 
 
 lamentable
 
 c 
 
 I tfejive and thirtieth Bool\^ of T.Livius. y ly 
 
 » lamentable remembnjice of the Caudine overthrow, not only prefented it felfto their fpiric and 
 mind, but alio was in manner an objebt to their eye. Now had he amongft his auxiliary or aid- 
 forces, to the number almoll of eight hundred horfe. Whofe Captain piomifed tbeConrul,thac 
 he and his would breakthrough whither way be would, let himoniy buttellhim whichoi the 
 two quarters were better peopled and inhabited: for the firR thing ihat he did he would hre their 
 Villa^esand houl'es ; to the end, that the fear and tright thereof might force iheLignriAns to de- 
 part out of the chafe which they held and befct, and run to fuccour their own neighbours. The 
 Conful commended him highly, and fed him with hope ot large reward-. Whereupon the Nu- 
 midlans mounted on horfeback, and began to ride about the corpsdeou.rj of the enemies, with- 
 out olferin? to charge upon any man, Atthefirit, a mantnathad feenthem, would have 
 D thought nothing more contemptible, being both men and horfe, little, (pare and gaunt. The 
 horfeman unarmed and without weapon, fave that he carrieth about him :^me light darts: the 
 horfes without bridles; and as they ran flniuing out their (liffne(.ks,and bearing their heads for- 
 ward without any reining at all, they made a very ill favoured light. And the riders, for to make 
 themfelvesmoredefpifed, would on purpofe feem to lake fals from their hcrlcs, and made their 
 enemies "ood fpoit. VVnereuponihey (whoifathr.UheyhadbeenalTjilcd, would havebeen 
 heedful & ready to have received the chargejnow fat flill (many ot'chem unarmed; to behold this 
 pleafant paHime.The Numidians would gallop toward them ard prel'cntly ride ba'.k again,but fo, 
 "as by little and little they gained groujicLand advanced neerer to the pais.yet making femblance, 
 as ifthey had had no ruleot theirhon'esjii!: were carried thither againll their wils. At the laft;they 
 fet fpuri to their horfes indeed,and brake through the mids of the enemies guardsrand fo foon as 
 they hjd recovered the open ground, they fet on fire all the houfes neerthe high way hde, and fo<, . 
 forward they burnt the next village they came unto, and dc(iroi>;d all afore them with fire and 
 fwcrd.Firrt,thefmoakthatwasdefcried,afterwardstheoatcry heard ofthem that wereatfrighted 
 in the*villa''es,and lalt of al!,the children and old :olk that fled to fave themfelves,made a trouble 
 and hurlyburly in the camp: infomuch,as every man of himfelf without advice, without warrant 
 or dire6Vion,made what hart he could to run and fa ve his own.Thus in the turning ot an hand,the 
 camp was abandoned, and the Conful delivered from hege, arrived thither where he intended. 
 But neither Boians nor Spaniards (with whom that year the Romans inade war) were fo 
 
 • fpitefuUy and malicioufly bent againrt them, as the whole nation of the ittolians. They at the 
 very firft were in very good hope, that prefently upon the remove of the forces out of Greece-, Ah- 
 
 ^ tiochtu would have entred Europe-, and feized upon the vacant pollelTion thereof: and that neither 
 rhilip nor rJ.ibis would be in relt and do nothing. But feeing them not to ftir in any place.they 
 thought it high time to make fome trouble and confulion themfelvesjfor fear left by delayesand 
 lin-^rfng, all their defignments would turn to nothing: and therefore they publiflied a Diet or 
 Counceito beholden at Nartpannm. In which aflembly Thoas their Pretor, after he had made 
 orievous complaint of the wrongs received by the Romans, moving and foUiciting the Hate of 
 %oIia (ioi that they of all other nations and Cities oi Greece, were leaft honoured and let bv after 
 that viflory,whereof they had been the caufe) give his advice,That thcreniouldbeEmbafTadors 
 fent CO all theneic;hbour Kings, not only to found their minds and affeiVions, but alfo to incite 
 
 p and prick them e'very one forward to enter into arms againlf the Romans, So Damocritus was 
 addrefled to Nabis.N.cwd'.r to Philp, and Dioearcbm the brother of the Pretorunco Antiochus. 
 D.iTKotrttiis had in commilVion to figniry unto the tyrant of Zv.!at/.c.W'j«, '' That by the lofs of his 
 "maritime Cities, the very firings and finews cfhi'; tyranny and Kingdom were cut infunder; 
 " For from then.c was he furnifl-ied with louldiers,from thence had he his Hiips and fervitors at 
 " Sea : whereas now, he might fee the Achxans LL. and rulers ot" Pelopomefas whiles himfelf was 
 ''pinned up and cncloiVd within his wa!s and never fliould he have opportunity to recover him- 
 " felf if fie let pafs this that prefently was offered unto him. No Roman army was now in Greece: 
 '* and never would the Romans think it fufhcientcaufc, to pals over theSeas with their legions 
 ^' into Greece,\'ot»Dy occalion of GytthcHm or other Laconians inhabiting the Sea-coaHs, Thefe 
 
 p realons were laid fonh to incenfcihe courage of the tyrar,t,to ihc end.that when Anttochnsva^ 
 once palled over into Greece, he being touched in confcience, that he had broken the Roman 
 league bvcommittiu'^ outrage upon their allies,might of netcllity jom and band with Amiochttt 
 " Sembhble remonRrlnccs and reafons nfed Nna-ider for to provoke and perfwade "Thtl'p : and 
 " much more matter he had to enforce that point. as the King was depoled trom much higher de- 
 •"creeofeHate than the tyrant had been, and alfo had fulhined tar greater lofles. To this, he 
 '< .iilcd"ed t he ancient name and renown of the KK. of Macedo-.iy.md how that nation had over- 
 '^ run the whole word and filled all places with their noble conqnclls ?«: viclones. Moreover he 
 " faidThat he advifed him to take a courfe,which was iafe both to beenterpriled,and alio eafy to 
 
 « be executed For he oavenot Philip c ounfel to flir,before that A>jticcln:t were palled over with 
 r " an army into Greec^md ccnhd?ringthathe without the aid of .-/;.r».J;«f had maintained war 
 <' fo Ion" anainft the Romans and .ttolians, what polTible means had theRomans to withlfand 
 " him aOitkd with .-/.;.•/<»<-/;«/& the. ^tolians his allies,whoeven then were fiercer enemies than 
 " theRomans? Over and befides,he inferred this reafon alfo, what a brave and doughty Captain 
 «« ^;;W.../was.a man even born to be an enemy to theRomans,and who had (lain already more 
 .*' leaders and fouldiers of theirs,than were left behind,There were the allegations of Mc^;,^.r to 
 «' rhil'p. As for D»«.!rc/'«i,he had other motives to perfwade with AntwclmK Firtt,awl princi-
 
 ^8 Thefiye and thirtieth Bco\ ofT. Livius. 
 
 pally above ?\\ others, he affirmed, " That howfoever the prize and booty of Philip fell lo ihe ^ 
 "Romans, the victory was gained andaichieved by the ifetolians, and none but they cither 
 " oave the Romans entrance ?nd pafla^e into Greece, or luinifbed them with forces for theper- 
 " formanc e and accomplifliment of the victory. Then he fliewed and made promife what power 
 " as well of foot as horle they would prefent unto Amiochm toward his wars, what places they 
 '<■ would give him for his land-forces, and what havens and harbours for his ftrength and army at 
 '" Sea. After all this he fluck not (to lerve his own lurn^ for to over-reach and tell a loud lie as 
 "touching Philip aad Nabis-, in giving out confidently that they were both of them ready ar.d ac 
 "the point torenuewar: and wouldtake the vantage of the very firft opportunity and occafion 
 " that could be prelented, to recover thole things which by war they had loft. Thus the iEtolians 
 laboured to fee all the world at once upon the top of the Romans. Howbeit, the KK.were either I 
 not moved at all with their foiliciting^ or beftirred them more flowly than they looked for. But 
 as for Nabu^ he fent immediatly about all the Towns by theSea fide,certain pertbns of pnrpofc to 
 fow difcord and kindle feditions among them: and ibme of their principal citizens he won by 
 cifts and prefents to his own purpofe and defignments: but fuch as llifly continued fait and firm 
 fn alliance and allegcance with the Romans, thofe he made away and murdred. Now had 7". 
 Q«'' f'^^gi^^n in charge and ccmmifficn to the Achceans for CO guard all the Laconians that dwelt 
 upon the Sea-coafls .• and therefore prefently they both difpacched their Embaffadors unto the 
 Tyrant, to put him in mind of the confederacy and alTaciation with the Romans, and to warn 
 him and give him advertil'ement, that in no wile he v^uld trouble that peace, which he had lo 
 earneftly craved and fought for : and alio fent aid unto GyttheHm-, which now the tyrant began to k 
 affault; yea, and addrelfed other Embaffadors alio to /Jews to give intelligence of thefe occur- 
 
 rents. 
 
 Antiockus the King after be had that winter time given his daughter in marriage lo Ptelomdut 
 the Kino ofit^j^r ziRhflflvtn City in i'/a^.c.v- retired to ylnuochtr.; and in the very end of the 
 lame winter, p.ilTed through Ciliaa over the inounmin 'Taurus^ and came to Efhefns. And frotiri 
 thence in the beginning ofthe Spring. alter he had lent his ion j^tinochusmio* Syrtaiotio defend 
 
 * ^''^"' and keep in obedience the utmoli frontiers of his Kir)j;dom, lef^ in his abfence there might arife 
 
 feme troubles behind his back, he matched with all his Land-forces againft the Pifidiansjwhoin- 
 
 » piMadtlpbia . habit about * Sf//<». 
 
 At the lame time the Romans Embaffadors P. Sulf-.tms and P. K///««/, who as we faid before J. 
 
 iRif carBjlfu. bad been fent unto y};rtiochitsvi'nh. direciionHrll to vifiiK. £«w«f»f/,arrivedat * E/x^, and from 
 feigml. ' thence went tip to * Pfi-r- wa-'.wherc £fc7;f r..;..cpt his royal court. E^w^w^wasdefirous inhis 
 heart that ^-"/ifjr/j^.' fliould be warred upon, fuppofirg verily, that if he were at peace, being a 
 Frince fo much mightier th;n himxif he would be but an ill and dangerous neighbour fo neer 
 unto him : but if wa - were on' e afoc t that he would be no moreable to beard and match the Ro- 
 mans than Phil.p h.'d been : and that eitliei he fliould wholly be overthrown and cometo utter 
 ruin ; or if, beinp v anquifhed ' e had peace gi . en unto him by the Romans ; then, as he lod much 
 thereby and would be weaker ,io himfelfflmuidgain by the bargain, and grow mightier, that af- 
 terwards he might be able eafjy ot' himfelf to make his part good, and hold his own againll him, 
 without the help and aid ot the Romans: or if any misfortune fhould happen unto him,hevvere v* 
 better by far to hazard any fortune whatfoevei in theRoman fociety,than either alone to endure 
 the Lordly dominion of Antiochus and be fubjeit or in refufmg to obey, be compelled thereto by 
 force and arm?. For thefe caufes he employed all the credit and authority he h.\d,yea,dnd addrcfled 
 all counfel that he could deviic for to prit k on and fet forward the Romans in this war. ^tilfitius 
 remained behind fick at Pergamm. But r;//;«/adverti.ed that the King was occupied and buficd 
 in the Pifidian war went to Ephefus: and whiles he abode theie fomefewdayeSjheendevoured 
 and made means to have conference oftentimes with A.r-nbal^ who haply at that time fojourncd 
 thefe,botb to found his mind if poflibly he could, andalfoto fecure him of all fear from the Ro- - 
 mans. In thefe meetings and communications,no other thingpaffed nor was done between them. 
 But fee what enfued hereupon of it felf, asifithadbeena thing wroughr and compafled of meer^ 
 pollicy. Anatbalh^ tWi<i means was lefs fet by and in fmaller credit with the King, yea, and in all 
 matters began to be more and more fufpefted and had in jeioufie. Claudiy-s (the Hiftorian) who 
 followeth the Greek books of Acilius^ writeth that P. yifricamswzs joyced in that embaffage, 
 and that he talked and devifedwith Anmbnl uEphtfn: and namely, maketh report of one con- 
 ference ard fpeech between them twain:and that is this. -/<fj-/f^^«r demanded of ^»»/i<i/-whoni 
 in his judzmcnt,hetooktohave been the greatelt commander for feats of arms, that ever was: 
 to which fie mode anfwer,that he judged ALxavcirr the King of the Macedonians was fimply the 
 moll excellent warrior ; in this regard, that he with a imall power had defeated innumerable ar- 
 mies'.and t:r:des had paffed as faras to the utmolf bounds ofthe whole earth. even to thofe lands, 
 that a man would think incredible for any one to reach unto. And when he asked again whom q 
 he deemed worthy to Hand in the fecond place: he anfwered, that /'7rr/;ft'<'W3stheman ; for that 
 he firfl taught liovv to pitch a camp,and above all other points of military skill no man knew bet- 
 ter toe hoofc out commodious ground and placesof advantage, or more cnnninoly to plant and 
 difpofegarrifon';: befideshe had fuch a fleiphr and dexterity to draw and win men unto him, that 
 the Italian nations had r.uher have been fubjeft tohim aforeinPrince,thantoliveunder thepeo- 
 p'c of Rome, notwithftanding they had of long time the Seignory and rule of thole parts. And 
 
 nehw
 
 The five and tbtrtieth Boo\ of T.Livius. 7 j 9 
 
 A when he proceeded ftill to know whom be reputed for thethirdjhcmadenoHickingatthemat. 
 ter,but named bimfelf. Whereupon Sf/p/c took up a laughter andrepliea again; What would you 
 fay theojifyour bap had been to have lubdued me ? Mary then, qiioth he, i would thiik I were 
 worthy to be fet before AUxMder,htiotQ P;rr/)«/,yea,and before all othermatti.il men and com- 
 manders in the whole world. At this anfwer, Setpo took delight and pleafure. to fee how fubtiily 
 andcauteloufly he had like a cunning Carthaginian, couched his wordb in a certain kind ot flatte- 
 ry,as if he had fequcHrcd him from out of therange and rank of all other Captains as being by ma- ; 
 ny decrees incomparable, and far above allothers. Then f^illms went torward froni Efhefm to 
 uipa^ea: znd thither ^ntiochns alfo repaired for to meet him, he.iring of the coming oi Roman 
 Icgats, In this communication and conference at v4/)<iww,ihe matter was debated much alter the 
 
 o fame fort, as it had been at Rome between Quintius and the Kings Embaffador-. But the news of 
 ■>4»f/o,-/)w the Kings fon his dcath^whom 1 laid a little before to have been fcnt mtoSvr/.Obrake 
 offthe peace Great mourning and lorrow there was in the Kings Coiirf,and much was that young 
 Princ« miffed and moaned, for, that good proof he hadgiven ofhim!ek,that ifhe had lived »ny 
 loD" ti;me, he would have proved by all likelyhood of his towardnefs, a great, a mighty, anda 
 ti°h'teousKing. The deerer ard better beloved he was of all men, the more iulpu lous was his 
 death : and namely.that his father doubting that he would prefsforward and be inliant to fucceed 
 him in his old a"e,took order by theminilkry of certain Eumuhsorguelded men (perfons great- 
 ly accepted with Kings tor fuchfervices)to have him poifoned. And they lay that another caufe 
 alfo fet himforward to commit this fecret aft, becaufe having given the City Lyfmacht.i to his 
 
 C fon ScleucHsMt had no fuch place to beflow upon A»t,oclms his Ion, for to keep his refidencein, 
 whereunto he might have removed him tarther offfrom his own perfon, under colour of doin^ 
 him honor Howbeit-reat f^;mblmce and lliew there was of much mourning and lamentation all 
 over the court for certain dayes : infomuch as the Roman Embaflador rented himfelt to Perga- 
 »;«/,hecaufehewaslothtoronverfethereuncivilly,atfounfeafonable3 time. The King returned 
 tofp/;<'^/.andoiveoverthewarthathehadenteipri2ed. Where.thecourrgtes being (hut by 
 occafionofthe mourning time,hedevifed and confulted in great fecret with one >//>r,o an inward 
 friend unto him.and whom of all other beloved beft,and trulied molt. This M,»wz mcerHran- 
 geratvd altogether ignorant in torein affairs andforcesmeaiuring andedeeming the power and 
 greatnes of the Kin- by his exploits done in5yr;rforin y^^^, deemed verily, that ^/jf/oJ^wJ had 
 
 ,^ not only the better caufe in that the Romans demanded unrealonable conditions; but alfo fhould 
 
 ^ have the upper hand in thetryal thereof by war.When as now the King retuled to have any con- 
 ference and' difpure with the Embaffadors, either for that he knew by good experience that it 
 would be bootlefs for him fo to do, or becaufe he was troubled in fpirit upon this late and frefh 
 objert oforief and forrow : ;t//«/<;undertook the bufincfs, and protelfed that he would fpeak to 
 the point Sf the matter and to good purpofe: and lo perlwaded the King to fend for the tmbafla- 
 dorstrom Per^am--.^. Byihis time Sulmtu, was recovered ot his fuknej and therefore both ot 
 them repaired to Ephrfns ; where Mt.,o exaifed the King, and in his abfence they began to treat 
 about their affairs.Tlien Mnuo with a premeditate oration began in this wile." I fee weil(qd.he) ^^^ ^ 
 " that you Romans pretend unto the world a goodly title ot letting free the Cities ot Greece, but ^. ^,.^^_ 
 
 F " your deeds are not anfwerable to your words : and ye have fet do .vn unto A>,r^orhHs ore man- 
 « neroflaw tobetied rnto and pradVife your fehes another. For howcometh it about thatthe 
 " Smyrneansand Lampfacens n^ould be Greeks, morethm the Neapoiitans, the Rhegins^ and 
 "Tarentinsof whom you exafttribute and require flVip. by vertue oftne .ucord and covenants 
 «' between you ? Why fend you yearly to Syr.tcr[e and other Greek Cities ot S;o/;, a Pretorin 
 "foverai"n authority, with hi. rodsand axes? Certainly, yehave nmhingellefofay,but that ye 
 *' have fubdued them in war,and by right ofconquell have impofed tl.de conditions upon them. 
 «'Thelike,yea.andthef3mecaule■knowyethat.-^,:;^■W;..^alledgethasconce>nlngS«;;r«^.L4,„r 
 "/,.«., and other Cities andlhtesof /....and^ Its. Forhacngbeenconquered m warby his 
 *' anceftors and progenitor., havingllaybcenmadetributary and l.ahetoimpoluionshecha^^^ 
 
 F" lengeth of thetli th=e ancient rights and dutiesdue tiom .hem,and ^° l^"">^l°"S'ng. And he e- 
 " foreifye will debateand treat ihequdHon according to equity andreaion and not rather pick 
 
 - quarrelLnd feek occafions of war 1 would gladly know what ye w.l anfwerto bim in fb's point? 
 <' To this S../p«r,«/made anfwer in this wife. - Anuochus (qd. he) h uh dcme very well and with 
 « good regard of moderty in that having no cthermatters to plead umo or his to^^^^ 
 
 « maintenance of his caule he hath madechoire of any other rather ^h^"''"^^'f^'^^^f.^„^f^P"^- 
 «cr. For what one thing is there alike in thofe cities whuhycui have named '-^^f P«;;° ^^^ 
 "rifon? Of the Rhegins,Neapolitans and Tarentins,we demand that l^''^\l' r"' '^^^^^'^'^^^^^^ 
 *' to the deeds of covenants indented, and hath ever been hnce time that firll they were in fub c- 
 
 - aion under i°s ; that I fay which we have challenged and enjoyed by virtue of one com 
 
 G " courfe and tenor of right by ns ever praftifed without any '^f ™ t°r; '"Xrtav'e ^te- 
 "are you able to avouch that as thofe nations neither by ihemfelves nor by any other hav e a te 
 
 - red and changed the accord between us and themjfo the Cities o( ^V^'-'V^hen they mice benme 
 ^Hubjea to th°e ancellors of A.uodm.. remained ^Iwayes in the perpetual pofiefl^^on of y^^^^^^^^ 
 « Kitlgdom?And not ratherthat fome of them have been under the °^etfance cW^ 2^^^^^^^^^^^^ 
 «' obedient to Ptolorr,..} Yea.and divers of them for many years hajebeen free & ufed ti^ r own 
 "liberties without contradiaion, and no words or doubt made thereof ? For admit tbu once. 
 
 Q.qq
 
 7 hefi^ and thirtieth Bool\^ o/T.Livius. 
 
 "tbac(becaufeihefeCuiesfomtime were in bondage through the iniquity ofthofe times where- H, 
 *' in they were opprefled) there fhall be a right pretended, and the fame be effeftual to reduce 
 " them a^ain after fo many ages into fervitude ? What wanteth it but ye may as well layjthat we 
 *' have done jult nothing, in delivering Gz-efcf out of the hands oi Philip} and that his lucccffofir 
 *' and po(krity,may claim again and lay title to Cori>]thyChalcis^Demetria!,iDd the whole Thefla- 
 " lian nation?But what mean I to maintain the caufe of the Cities of GreecctW hom it were more 
 '• meet and reafonable that both we and the King himfelf would give audience unto, and let them 
 " plead what they can for their ownfelvesPWith that he commanded the embalTages ot the Ci- 
 ties to be called in, which were prepared and inltrudted aforehand by Eumenes^ who made this 
 reckoning,that whatfoevcr tlrength went from AntiochKi-, fhould accrue and come unto him and 
 his Kingdom. Many were admitted to fpeak : and whiles every one fet forward his own caufe, I 
 fome by way of complaint, others in manner of demand, each one pi-tting in for himlelf without 
 regard of right or wrong,fo he ferved his own turn >they fell at length from reafoningto warbling 
 and wrangling : in fo much, as the Embaffadors returned to Rome as uncertain and doubtful in all 
 matters as they were when they came, without releaf.ng or obtaining any onething at all. 
 
 When they were difmifled and gone,the King held a Councel as touching the Roman war. In 
 which aflembly.fome delivered their opinion more freely and ftoutly than others : but generally 
 the morebitter fpeech that any one ufed againfi the Romans,the greater hope he bad to enter in- 
 to efpeci.il grace and favour with the King. One above the refl,inveighed much and fpake againft 
 thofe proud and infolent demands of the Romans, who impofed hard laws and conditions upon 
 ^»r;oc/j«/,themightieft King of all -^fia as if he had been no better than Nabis^vihom they had K 
 conquered and fubdued. And yet (faith he) they left unto Nabis fome feignory anddominion in 
 his own countrey and City oi L.iceditmon: whereas if Lampfacum andSw^r^^^ifhou.d be at the 
 command ol yifjtiochw.they deemed that an unworthy thing and a very indignity. Others opined 
 and faid, "'that thofe two Cities were butfmalliauies,and rot worth then<iming,forfopuifl"ant 
 *' a Prince to ftand upon and to warfor. Bur al wayes (fay they ) men begin with jurt and reafona- 
 *' ble demands.to make an overture and way to compals and obtain that which is unjulf . Unlets 
 *■' one would believe, that when thePethans reqnelied olthe Lacedaemonians, water and earth, 
 " they flood in need ofadot&turf ofgroundoradraughtofwater.lnlike fort for allthe wotlci 
 " the Romans do but found and try the Kingjin their demand^• touc hing thefe two Cities. For o- 
 " ther Cities likewife, fo foonas they fliallperceive that thofe two have fhaken off the yoke of L 
 " obedience,will foon revolt and turn to that people which is their deliverer,and at whofe hands 
 *• they hope for liberty. And fay, that freedom were not to them moredearand pretious than 
 ' bondage yet it is the nature of every man to feed and pleafe himfelf with abate hope of a change 
 '' and new world much more than with the allured hold of any prefent (late whatfoever. There' 
 was in place at this councel, jilewmder of Jttia:-- a .'/^,one who fomtime had friended T/j//«p; but 
 of late dayes was fain from him and followed the court o^ Ayitiochm.nnoxc wealthy and magni- 
 ficent Prince: and being taken for a politician who had a fpecial infight into the flate o^Greece-tii, 
 was notignorant ot the affairs of i?9 /;f.had wound him'.elf into high favour and inward friend- 
 fhip with the King, that he was taken in to be one of his privy councel, and acquainted with all 
 hisfecrets. Thisman^asifthequefHonin hand had been not. Whether war fliould be levied or w 
 no; but, Where, and by What means.and How itfliould be managed fpakealoud&faid, "■ That 
 '"■ he made fuil reckoning and account in his very fpirit and heart of the vi6toty, in cafe the King 
 " would pjfs the Seas over into Europe^ to pbnt Se fettle himfelf in fome part of (jref«,and there 
 *' wage war : for at his very firll coming he fnould fee in arms already the ^tolians, that inbabic 
 " the very heart and centre oi Greece^wbo would be the only Captains and port-enfigns to march 
 '^ before them, ready to venture and enter upon the moll difficult and dangerous enterprifes of 
 " war, Again,in the two cantons and angles as it\verethereof,he fliouldfind Ai'^i^ijoftheone 
 '• fi.de from Pc/ppon-,ieftn.it hand to rife and raife thofequ3rters,with intentto regain the City of 
 " the Argives to win again the maritime Cities, which the Romans have difleized&difpoffefled 
 '' him of, and have mued and fhut him within the walls of Z.rf<rf^<e«?o». On the other fide from N 
 '• Macedoijy, Philip would no doubt take 3rms,fo foon as he (hall hear the firft alarm and found of 
 "■' trumpet. Full well (qd. he) know I hiscourage,and of what fpirit and ftomack heisrright well I 
 '' wot that he hath folkred inthatbre(f ofhis for a long iime,anget and defpite;like to thefe wild 
 "and favagebe»fls,which either are kept withiniron gates or fall lyed and bound :and as well I 
 '' remember, how many a time he was wont (during the wars) to pray heartily to all the Gods, 
 «' to vouchfafefor togivehim Amiochtu for his helper and affiftant : and if now he might enjoy 
 " his win*, and have the thing fo longdefired and praied for he would without any deliyemer in- 
 " to arms and war incontinently.Only {<\A. Alexander) we mud not linger and ftay nor drive ofi> 
 <• for afii uch as herein conf.flcth thevery point of vidory, even betimes to feizeuponcommo- 
 <' dious places of advantage,before the enemies be poffefled of them. Alfo with all (<pec6, A »>tilrtil(y 
 '< is to be fent into Aff'rick.iwhcrchy the Romans may be difl raffed, and compelled to turn them- 
 '' felve<; funclry wayes. Annib^loiAy was not called to this councel ; for by reafon of theforefaid 
 conferences with Ftlliasy the King had him in fome jealoufy, and therefore he was out of favour> 
 and of no credit and account with him. At the firlt, hepntupthisdifgfaceandmade no words, 
 but afterwards he thought it a better courfe, both to demand the caufe of fo fuddain ftrangencfe 
 and alienation of his,and alfo to take fome good time to excufe and purge bimfelf. And therefore 
 
 upon 

 
 The five and thirtieth BooJ^ of P.Livius. 7 ^ i 
 
 f^ upon -1 day havu^ limply asked of the King, and heard the caufe of his 'anger toward him. "My 
 " father .yw<Vwr (qd.he) O Anti(ichHf-,vi[\tn upon a time he facrificcd unto the Gods,caufcd me 
 '' (a very little one^to be brought and prelented before the Altar where he forced me to touch the 
 '* fame with my haRd,and to take an oath, Never to be friend unto the people of ^ow^.Toaccom- 
 "plifli and fulHllthis oath,l maintained the wars for the fpace ofhxand thirty yearsibyvertue or 
 " this oach, in time of peace I was driven out of my native country; and being fled from thence 
 "• this oath brought me into your court : and by the guidance and diredion of this oath, if yon 
 ♦' (hould difappomt me of my hope, yet w hatfoever I know there are forces, wherefoev er I hear 
 "there is any (iirringandrulUingofarms, I fliall feekallthe world over, until I find lome Roman 
 *' enemies. And thereiore if there be any of your Courtiers that ha\ e a mind and defire to ad van c 
 g " themfelves in your good gratcand would grow by carrying tales and actuling me unto you.let 
 *' them find fome other fnbjed and matter to do this by me : for I hate the Romans.and am like- 
 " wile hated onhcm. Thai this is truth which I fay. my father yiw//f.:r and the Godwin heaven, 
 *' can teliify, Wherefore,whenfoe ver you fliall think to make war with the Romans,fee you enter- 
 !■' tain yl^mkliot one of your greatelf andmoft aflured friends: but if any occurrent fliall force 
 "you to peace,feek tome othercouncellor and not me,toconfult witha! about that point. This 
 fpeech was fo effecluai.that not only ic prevailed with the King, but alio reconciled Anmbal unto 
 hisgrace. And fo they departed out of thecouncel with afuU refolution to make war. 
 
 At Rowe\i was commonly talked and difcourfedjthat^jts/Jer/jK/ was an enemy, but no provi- 
 fion and preparation there was for war, but only whetting the edge of their HomaLks. For both 
 Q Confiils had no other Province but Italy alTigned unto them to govern. And they were either to 
 agree between themiiilves^orclie to calf lots.whether of the twain fliould hold the generalaflem- 
 bly andbjprelidcnt ofiheele6tion for that year. And he whofehap was not to be charged with 
 thatbulinefs was to be in readinefs to lead forth the legions into any pi ice out of /f.;/;, a^need 
 rh':«iild require. And tothis Confulit was permitted to enrol two new legions of Citizens, and 
 bt-hdes o' allies and Latins 20000 foot, and 800 horfe. To the other Conful were appointed 
 ihofetwolegions^which L.Comehtu theConfulotthe lormeryear h.id under his governance: aI-« 
 fo of allies and Latins 1 5000 footmen out ofthe tame army, and 500 horfe. As for Q^. Mimtitis-, 
 his commiflion was continued Ifill for the conduiil of that army which he had in Lignrta.hnd for 
 to fupply and make up the broken companies, he was allowed to enrol 4000 Roman footmeff, 
 jj and I 50 horfe, and likewife to levy ofthe allies 5000 foot, and 250 horfe for that fcrvice. To 
 O:. DoniitiHS it fell by lot, that he fhould go with a power out of Italy-, whither foe ver the Senate 
 gave order ; and unto Qaintius to govern Gaul. Then the Pretorseleition followed, who like- 
 wife cart lots for thfirProvinces. .1-/. FulviasCentimahts had the civil jurifdirtion, and L. Scri- 
 honms Liboiht forrain, L.KilennsTappusgovsrDsd Sicily, Q^.Sa'oniHS Sarm, Sardinia: A/. Bx- 
 l-itss 7\imphh(s high Sp^in^ and A. Attilius Sin-anus the bale. But thefe two changed their Pro- 
 vinces, firlt by an orderfrom the Senate, and afterwards by an ail alfo of the Commons. For to 
 Aitilius Macciony wa? aftigned and the navy , and to Bocbim the countrey ofthe Brutii. t'lami- 
 nii4s and fw/wmcontinued in the government and commandof S/;. :«;.% and to Babins Tamphilits 
 for the rule of the Briitiiwere ihofe two legion', appointed which the yearbefore lay in the City, 
 £ withcommiffion to takeup and levy ofallies fifteen thoufand foot, and five hundred horfe to go 
 thither. Aulas Anilim had in charge to caufe thirty galleaces to be made with five b^nksofoars 
 on a hde, and to take out ot the harbors and docks as many old veflels as were fit for fervice, and 
 to enrol mariners and rowers. The Confulsalfo were enjoyned to deliver unto him two thou- 
 fand allies ofthe Latin nation, and a thoufand Romanfootmen. It was commonly voyccd, that 
 thefe two Pretors with two armiesboth by Land and at Sea, were prepared ^gainll Nab:s, who 
 openly now alVailed the confederals ofthe people of Rome But (iiilthe Hmbaffadors were loo- 
 ked for, who had been fent unto King Knttochit;-, andtheSenit commanded iheConfulDuw/f//// 
 not to deparr from the City before their return. The Pretors, Fiilv/:tsind Scrtbo^t.-.-it-, whofc 
 charj'e it was to miniiier law and execute jufiice inRome., had commillion to provide a hundred 
 p galcaces, befides that fleet which httUius was to command. But before that eiiherConfuls or 
 Pretors went forth into their Provinces, there was a proceiTion holden, in regard ofthe prodi- 
 gies and fearful fights that were reported. For word was brought out of PtceKum^x.\M\. a (liee- 
 goathadyeanedfixkidsat once, and that it rained earth n Kmttcrnum: and at Farw;^, that a gate 
 and wall of the City were fmitten with lightning; and (that which mofl of all troubled and 
 frighted the Conful Domituu) that an Ox fpake thefe words, Rome, take heed to thy felf. In regard 
 ofthe O'herprodigious tokens, therewas a fupplication holden ; but as tor the Ox, theSooth- 
 faver^and bowel priers gave commandment, that he fhould with greatcarebe kept and noutifh- 
 cd.The J'-lfcriVo with mnre violence overflowed into the City than in the former year,and over- 
 threw rwo'bridf.csand many buildings,efpeciallY about the gate Vlnmcntiv^a. Moreover,a mighty 
 G buge Cntie fliakenout oftheCapitol cliff, fellfrom thenceinto the ftreet called ///f<ir/«w, either 
 by theforce and violence of rain, or fome earthquake ('which ifthere were any, wasfo little,that it 
 could not he perceived ^ and that If one killed many a man. In the countrey alfo , by reafon of this 
 deluge, much catr^l was carried away withthefloud, and many farm houfes and granges were 
 born down and laid along. ' 
 
 Before thar L. Quimiu- the Conful was arrived into hi<; Province, Q; ^/»«.,-;</ fought a bat- 
 tel with the Ligurians in the territory of Pifxj and flue nine thoufand enemies ; the reft he di'- 
 
 Q^qq 2 comfited,
 
 rlZ 
 
 i he five and thirtieth Boo}{^ o/T.Livius. 
 
 comfited,put to flight and chafed into their camp ; which being affailed, was defended manful- H 
 ly with much fighting ontil dark night: and then the Ligurians flipt away in the night feafonfe- 
 cretly. And by the dawning of the next day the Romans entred and feited thereof when it was 
 empty of the enemies, lefs pillage was there found, for that ever and anon what booties foever 
 they gat in ihecountrey they fent home to their houfes. Mi»muj noimihi^zadino gave the ene- 
 mies no repofe from that lime forward. For being departed out of the territory ot Pifa he came 
 into Liguria^^hett he deftroyed their bonoughs andCaftleSjand put all to fire and fword.There 
 the Roman fouldiers filled their hands with the Tufcan prizes, fent thither by the forragers and 
 robbers. 
 
 Much about this time the Embafladors returned to Rome^ from the KK. who brought word 
 and made relation ofnothing that was fufficient to enforce them to proceed in any haH to war, I 
 but only againft the Lacedemonian tyrant, by whom (asthe Achaean Embafladors alfo gave in- 
 telligence) the Sea coalis of L^cuw/owere wronged andaflailed, again(i the covenants ot the 
 league. Whereupon ^ittl.usihe Pretor was fent wichafleet todeferdtheaflbciats. Andtoraf- 
 much as there was no imminent peril from Antiochus^ it was thought good, that both the Con- 
 fuls (hou'.d go into their Pro\ inces. Domitius took his journey, and went the neereli way by A- 
 riminum-, and QitiKtiuscame into the Boians countrey by the way oiLtpirta. And the!e two 
 Confuls armies indivers quarters, wafted all abroad the enemies countrey. At the firft fome few 
 of their Gentlemen and Horfemen, together with their Captains ; afterwards,allthofe of Sena- 
 tors calling ; and laft of all, as many as were of any repute, worth and worlTiip, to the number of 
 fifteen hundred fled to the Conful. _ K 
 
 Likewi e in both Spams that year,the affairs went profperoufly : for not only C.FLimimus won 
 by force of mantelets andengins of battery the rich and Wrong Town Litahrum-, and tookprifo- 
 ner alive their Lord Corribilo a noble J'rince,but alfo M.FuIvihs the Pro-conful fought with two 
 armiey ofthe enemies twice, and putthem tothevvorfe ; and won by affault two Towns of the 
 Spaniards Vefctlia zr\<i Ho/one, w'nh many other fortreffes: the reft of themfeUes revolted unto 
 him. After this he made a journey into the Cretans countrey, & there havinggottentwo towns, 
 *oxHjbilU. '' Noltc(tzn<^Cu(ibi, he fet forward and marched to theriver T^^^/, In that quarter there flood 
 » Jekdo, * Toletum-i fmall City but ftrongly feated : whiles he aflaulted it, there came a mighty army ofthe 
 
 VeftoDs to sid the Toletans, with whom he fought a fet field^and won the day, and having de- 
 feated theVe6>ons, he forced the Toietans with engins of battery, and won the Town. L 
 
 But all the wars which at that time were in hand, nothing troubled the LL. of the Senate fo 
 much as the expectation oi the w^r whi^h Antiochushid not yet begun and enterprifed. For al- 
 beit they had ever and anon certain advertifements and intelligences of all things by their Em- 
 bafladors, yet many flying tale<: ^ndheadlefsbruitstherewent without any lertain Authors, re- 
 porting Te? as well as truths. And among the reft there ran a rumor^that Awt/ofA^z/jfofoonashe 
 was come into j£'fl/.rf, would prcfently put over a fleet into Sicily, Whereupon the Senate, not- 
 withfta; dire they had fent Arr.'7/«/ the Pretor with a fleet into Grff«,yet for^fmuch as there was 
 need not of forces only but alfo of authority to entertain the hearts and affeftionsoftheir allie?; 
 they fent over T. Qt^intius-fu.OBavius, Cn.ServiliHs^ind PytlUus^iz Embafladors into Greece.jLaA 
 gavf: order that M, ■ <e 'uus fhould advance his legions out of the countrey ofthe Brutiaos,tow<rd y^ 
 Tarentum and BrnnAunum^ that from thence if need required^he might fail over into Macedonia, 
 Moreover, That Al.Fuhius the Pretor fliould put out afleec ofthirty fail. for the defence ofthe 
 coaft o'lStc.ly and that the 'dmiral thereof fhould have full commiflion there tocommand^now 
 L.Opfi s Suli'--.to/-^ who the former year had been one ofthe itdiles ofthe Commons, had the 
 conduit of thofe fliips.) Alfo, that the fame Pretor fhould addrefs his letters unto L,r^/fr;«/ his 
 Colleague, and adverriled him that it was to be feared, that the armado of King hntiochut would 
 crofs over out oi M.toia into S'.cHy ; and therefore it was the will and pleafure ofthe Senate, that 
 he fhould tike up and enrol int^ that army which he had alreadyjof tumultuary fouldiers 1 2000 
 footmen, and 400 horfe, by whofe meins he might defend that coaft ofthe Province which loc- 
 ket h toward Gr:ece. For the levy oi thefe forces, the Pretor took mufters not only in Sf(r(77,bucN 
 alfo in the Ifles adjacent and lying thereabout, and fortified with good garrifons all the Towns 
 upon the Sea fide which lie tow rd Greece. Thofe rumours aforefaid were fed ftill and maintain- 
 ed by the coming oi Sttalusihe. b other of £»»;r««,who reported that King Aitiockus was pafTed 
 over Hell'fponti s with an army : and that the ^tolians were in that forwardnefs, that they would 
 be preft and ready inarms againft his arrival Greatthanks were given as well to £«»»r»« in his 
 abfcnce, as to httalus there prefent in place. Alfo order was taken, that he fhould have a lodging 
 nllowed him at his pleafure,and his charges born for his diet and houfe- keeping. Moreover,there 
 were given him as prefents. twogreathorfesoffervice, two pair of horfemens armors, as much 
 fiber plate as amounted to an hundred pound weight ; and of gold plate, as much as weighed 20 
 pound. Q. 
 
 Andforafmuch asmeflengersoneafter another advert ifed and gave warning, that war was at 
 hand, it was thought requihte and expedient. that the new Confuls fhould be chofen in all conve- 
 nient f^eed: whereupon a decree pafled from theSenat, that Ai.FulvimiVe Pretor fhould fonh- 
 with dr!if)atch his letters unto the Conful, to certifie him ofthe Senits pleafure, namely, that he 
 fhould commit the government ofhis Province and the army unto his Lieutenants, and return 
 bimfelf unto Komst and in his way fend out his writs aforehand for the publifliing of an aflembly 
 
 '"p/i general
 
 The five 2nd thirtieth Boo\^ of T.Livius. 7 £ j 
 
 ^ general for the cleftion of Confuls. The Conlul obeied thelc letters, direfted forth his fumtnons 
 fn manner a'.orcraid,tnd came to Rome. In this year ailo great ambition there wasjand much fuic 
 for the dignity of government. For thai three noblemen Itood for one place namelj JT.Comelim 
 Sctfio theion oiCf^etu-, who the former year had the repulfe, L. Comelitts Saf^a, and C». ManliHi 
 Fo!jo. The Confulftiip was conferred upon P.Sapw^fo as it might appear to the whole world,thac 
 this honour was deferred only-and not fully denied to fo worthy apt rlonage. His adjunct com- 
 panion in government was M.AciUhs olabrio-, a man by calling a commoner. The morrow after 
 were the Pretors chofen, to wit, L.IEntyliut Paulus^ i.JEmiliuJ Lefidits^ M.Ju^ius Brutus, A, 
 Cornel. A'UmmuUSZ.Uvius^ic L.Opp.nJ'ihoih fumamed Sa/ina!ar,Th\s Oppius was he that had the 
 conduft into S:cti^ of a fleet of thirty fail. Mean whi e that thele new MagiHracs cai' lots tor the 
 5 government of their Provinces, ^.B«/'/«/ was i ommanded to pafs over with all his power from 
 BriindmJHm into Epirus, and to keep his forces about .Ipolloma. And M.Fftlvhu the Precor of the 
 City had in charge to build fifty new Galeaces called Qjiinqueremes.offive banks of oars on ei- 
 ther fide. \nd thus verily the people of Rome was provided againli all enterptii'es and attempts of 
 King yf«f;o(ri«/whatfoever. 
 
 Neither was N.bis behind for hispart in levying war; but affaulted with great for.e the Town 
 oiGytheum ; and of a mifihievous and malicious mind againrt the Achxans, tor fending agarrifon 
 to aid the belieged Townfmen,he tormged and waiied their country. The Achxans durft not go 
 in hand with vvar,before their Embafladors were returned from Romefiad lintil they might know 
 theplcalnreand will oftheSenat: but after the return otthofc Embafladors, they both publilhed 
 
 Q aDietandgeneralCouncel.it Sicyone-tindiMo fent their EmbalTadors to ^«;«;/«if for his advice 
 and counfel. In this Diet, all their opinions inclined and tended to make vy Jt out of hand : only 
 the letters of T.Q^tintim made fomeftay of the emerprile, wherein headvifcd them tocxped the 
 Pretor and navy ot the Romans. Now when the States there affembiedincoiimcl werediHraft- 
 ed,fome perhlting flill in their former opinion, and others of mind to take with :heni the advice 
 of him unto whom they bad fent for counfel --the multitude at length looked whstPh^lopirfnenes 
 would fay in that behalf. The Pretor he was for the time and in thofe da/es furpafied ail other in 
 wifedome and authority. Then he rofe up and uled this preface and faid, "Thati- \'a-agood 
 "cuftofnc among the iEtolians, and well ordained and provided, that the Protrr himfelt inall 
 '' confultationsof war fhould not deliver his own opinion ; and theretore willed them of their 
 
 r)"felves to refolve and determine with all ipeedpoflible what ihey pleafed. As for the Pretor, 
 •• faith he.he will be ready toexecute with fidelity and careful diligence their decrees according- 
 *'ly : yea,and indevor/o far forth as mans policy may reach unto,that they flialnot repent of their 
 *' relblution,be it war or peace.This briet fpeech of his was more forcible and effeftual to incite 
 them to take armSjthan any perfwafive Oration,whercin he openly could have niewed his defire 
 io follow the wars. And therefore with exceeding accord ot all in general they agreed upon war. 
 As for the time and means of managing the fame,it was wholly referred to the dilcretion of the 
 Pretor,to ufe his own liberty and pleaiure. Thilopaemenesy behdes that QHi„tius fo advifed, was 
 aifohimfelf minded to waitfor the Roman fleet which on the Sea fide might defend Gytheum'. but 
 fearing againihat their prefentnecefftty could abide no delaics, and left not only Gytheum fiiould 
 
 E be lolt.but the garrifon alfo mifcary ,which was fent to the dcfenceof the war he fet aflote and put 
 to the Sea the Achxans fhipping. The Tyrant likewife had rigged and drefled a imall fleet to em- 
 peach any aid and fuccours that haply might be fent to thebelieged by Sea, to wit, three covered 
 fliips with hatch and deck,thrce Brigantins or Pinnaces and as many Gallions. For the old fliips 
 were bycompofition aud covenant delivered up to the Romans. And to make proof and tryal of 
 thele new veflels how 1 wit"t and nimble they were-.and withal to fee how all things elfe were well 
 fitted for abattail, it need were; hemadeevery day certain fliews and reprefentations offight at 
 Sea,and exercifed both mariners and fouldiers by fuch kind of falfe alarms : iuppofing that herein 
 principally confitkdthehope of hisfiege, in cafe he could cut oft" all theiraid from the Sea hde. 
 Now the'Pretor of the Achxans as he was equal to any of the beft and moft renowiK-d cornman- 
 
 F dcrs and Captains of that time in Land fcrvice, either for experience and praaile.cr wit and poli- 
 cy : fo at Sea be was but a novi; e and a learner as being an Arcadian born, an Inlander lar within 
 the main,3nd ignorant befides of all forein forces,but that he had born arms and ferved a little in 
 Ca>id:; whi:cs he had rhe leading there, of fomc auxiliaries. One old Gaily there was a Quadri- 
 rcme, taken at Sea 80 years before, at what time as (he caried Nictla the wife oiCraterMs Uom. 
 N.v,pA^,:m to Corirth. And having heard much talk of this fliip (for indeed fhe had been fome- 
 t irr e of great name in the Kin'^s royal fleet) he commanded her, all rotten is flie was now, and 
 ready to^fallin pic es.tobe fliot into the Sea from oat of the Bay of ^r^//<w.This fliipas admiral, 
 made way before therelf, whereinT^.o^'/'^'Ai^aCaptainGeneralof a fleet Wasaboord ; and 
 cnc ountre-^ t^ {• fliios of the L.icnni ins,making fail from Gythxim. And at the firft (he chanced to 
 
 G atfrom and ru'i againf» i npwaronr, O^ip and being oU o* her felf.leaking and taking water at every 
 jovnt iliewas'ent nfundcr and tell ap^e^ es. Ail within '^er were taken priloners. The reft ot the 
 fleet havinsjif.ft their caprainefs fled asfaft as poffiMy their oars could make fpeed and away. PAf- 
 A9;(r^»f;whimfeifvvisinalishtfrnft ftisot orpink,and fled amain and neverlUyed until he was 
 arrived at Para TMsmifli-r nothing difrouraged and abated the heart ofih'.s martial warrior, 
 wbo had rnr thronab mmy and furdry ad ventrres : bin cnntrary-wife wrought thir effea,thar he 
 allured him'.elf andfaid.Thac if he wereovcrtaken and rut to the worfe mletvice at Sea;Whetcin 
 
 aqq 3 ^^
 
 The five and thirtieth Boo\ o/TXivius, 
 
 hehad noskill, he would fo much the rather quit himfelfio upon the Land (where he had I'uch H 
 experience and was I'o ready) as that the Tyrant fhould not long )oyand makeboall ofhiswin- 
 ninos. N.il;is puffed up with pride of his fortunat vidory, and perfwading himfelf afluredly that 
 he bad no caufe to fear any more danger from theSea.pnrpoled likewifeto (iop up a^l the avenues 
 and paflagesby Land ; and therefore befet all the wayes betimes with Hrong guards, which hebe- 
 flowedin convenient places. And retiring with a third part of his iorces from the liegeof Gytkt- 
 iini; he encamped before Vlas.. This is a place that overlooketh and commandeth Leuca. and A- 
 cra. by which wayes it feemed that the enemies would make their approach with their army. 
 Whiles he kept a (ianding camp there, and few of his fouldiers were provided of tents anu paiili- 
 ons,and the reU of the common foit had made them cabins of reeds, wound and interlaced one 
 within another, and the fame covered with leaves onlytogivethemfomefliade ; Phil.'jxxmcKes I 
 devifed, before that he were difiovered and came in hght of the enemies, to affail them at un- 
 waresandiiotlookingfor his coming, after anew fafliionofwar thatthey Hitledoubted. Cer- 
 tain fmall iraies or boats he got together into a fccret blind bay, lying within the territory ot 
 ylrgof- in which he beftowed certain fouldiers nimbly appointed? molt of them having round 
 bucklers, with flings, darts,and fuch like offeniive light weapons. From thence hecoalled along 
 the River neer the fhore, until he was ccme to the promontory or cape adjoynirg clofe to the 
 enemies camp : then he went aland,and by known wayes he came by night unto Plcm: and whiles 
 the watch was fait afleep, as mKtruHing no fuch fear neer hand, he let hre upon the cabins afore- 
 laid in every quarter of the camp. Many men were confumed with the fire before they wili that 
 the enemy was come: and they that were ware ofthem, had no means to help and fa\e their fel- K 
 lows : fo with fire and fword nil went to wrack. Some very few elcaped out of this extremity of 
 danoer, and fled to the main camp before G;r/'<e,7w. Thus f'/j;/flfa?ffa!f«fj having difcomhted and 
 frighted his enanies.lcd his army forthwith to wait Tripolis in the territory oi Lacon;a,hoimd\n^ 
 hi.i upon the confines of the Megalopolitans : and having driven from thence great prizes of men 
 and cartel, he departed before that the Tyrant could fend any guards from thencefor the defence 
 of theConntrey. And when he had gathered and aflembicd his army at 7V^f:.:, andpublifhed 
 and made known unto the Achii and other Allies, a Diet or general councel to be holden there, 
 whereat alio were the chief States of the Epirots and Acarnanians : he determined (i'o: afmuch 
 as both the hearts of his own people were fuffi^Iently recovered after the difgrace and fliameful 
 diflionor received at Sea ; and alio the courages of his enemies well cooled and they affrighted j L 
 to lead his forces againft L.iccdamon: fuppofing that, that only means to draw the enemy a- 
 way fro m the fiege of G)tharrm. And firft he encamped before C. ru within the enemies ground. 
 But that very day vvas(j)'f^'S''w forced by the enemies and won. Philopcemenesnoihiu^viAtc 
 thereof, fct forward, and encamped neer Barboftha.es^ a mountain ten miles from L.iceda-^ 
 mon. Nabus ^\\0, having gained u]//:<e«w, departed Irom then, e with his army lightly appoin- 
 ted ; and marching apace oeyond LaceAs,mo-/i-y feized upon a place, called. The Camp of P;r- 
 rhm : whi h he made no doubt but that the enemies intended to be poffcflid of. And then 
 from thence he went to meet them. Now by reafcn of the narrow way, they took upintheic 
 marih almolt five miles of ground inlength. At the tail of the army were the horfemen, and 
 efpecially, where the Auxiliaries marched: becaufe/'/)ii/tfpa?;wi?«(f;thought, that the tyrant would j^ 
 ch.irgehis men behind with his mer.enjry fouldiers, in whom he repofed his greatell iruft. Two 
 things fell out contrary to his cxpeftationat once, whi.h troubled him much : the one was, 
 that the place was gotten by the enemies before, which he intended to have feized upon for bis 
 own advcintage: the other was. for thathe faw the enemy affront his vanguard inaplacefo 
 rough and rugged, that without the guard of his light-armed fouldiers, he could not poflibly 
 march forward and advance his Enligns. Now i'/i//epF»jf;?fj had a lingular dexterity and skill, 
 yea, and great experience in leading anarmy, andinmakingchoiceofhisgroundeithertopitch 
 or fight; md not only in time of war, but alio in peace, he bulied his head and employed him- 
 felf 'principally therein. His manner was, when he rode forth any whither and was come to a 
 flreight paffage hard to pais through, to look every way, and diligently to view and confider f4 
 rhefiiuation and pofiture of the place on all fides : and if he were alone, tocaft about and ad- 
 vife with himfelf ; but if there were any in his company, to aske their advice.in this wife: Whac 
 if theenemy appeared and fhewed himfelf in that place ; How if he came affront or aflank on 
 this or that fide ; nay. How if he fliould charge upon our back, what were beft to be done? It 
 may be the enemies will encounter us diredlly ranged in battail array ; it may be they march dif- 
 orderlyand loofly, mindingnothingelfe but their way, and to travail on. Thus I fay, would 
 he either dcvife with himfelf or feek advice of other, what place he were beft to feize for his own 
 purpofe and commodity : alfo what number ofarmed men he fhould need toemp'oy ; or what 
 kind of armour and weapons were needful to ufe (for therein alfo lay no fmall importance.) 
 ^Moreover, where he fhould bellow his carriages? where he fhould lay his baggage ? andQ 
 where he flionld place and difpofe of the m.ultitude that were not meet to bear arms ? what 
 firength and what manner of gmrd was needful for their defence? and whether it were more 
 expedient to go forward flill the way that he wasentred into, or better to go back again as he 
 came? likewile, what ground was meet to bechofenfor to pitch hiscampupon? whatcompafs 
 and fpace were ne. ellary to be taken up for the fortification of the place ? froifi whence he might 
 have convenient watering? from what quarter he might be beft provided of fodder andfewel?
 
 The five and thirtieth Boo\ of T.Livius. 7^5 
 
 /^ Finally, againft the morrow, which way were fafefl to remove the camp? and what form and 
 manner of march were bell ? Inthefecourfes and dillourfes, he had from his childhood fo inured 
 and exercifed hi<l'pirics, that he wasnevertofeek whattodo upon any liich fuddainoccafion or 
 ocLurrentprefented unto him. And now at thisprefent, feeing his enemies fo neer, firlf and 
 formoilhe made a Hand with his vanguard; then hefent out toward theformoftenfigns, his auxi- 
 liary Candiots that came to aid him, and thofe horl'emcn which they call Tarentin, whofe man^ 
 ner is to have with them, two horles apiece ; and t'len co:nm:.nding hisownmen ofarmsto 
 follow after, he poiVefled himielf of a rock (landing overa brook or running rill, from whence 
 ihcy miglit water commodiouily •■ into that place heguhered together all his bag ,'.nd bagc.ige J 
 there he bed owed allihe pages and horfe-boyes, andfollowcrs of the camp, whomheenwro- 
 B ned alfo with armed men.- and as the nature of the p!a>c would give him leave, he fortified his 
 camp. But to pitch pavilions in a craggie, rugged, and uneven ground he found much ado. 
 Now were the emcnies about half a mile otY: and at one and the fame rivulet they waterecl 
 both, with the guard of their light armed fouldiers : bin before that they could fcnflfle and skir- 
 mifh together (j< commonly they do when the camps (Kind fo neer one to another) the nighc 
 overtook them. It appeared plainly there would be feme fighting the next day about the brook 
 for water: and therefore in the night feafon he beilowedclofc in a valley, farthelfourof iighc 
 from the enemies asm.iny of his targeteers sapolfibly the place would contain and hide. When 
 day-light was come, tlie light armed Candiots and thofeTarentinhorlemen (of both fides) en- 
 trcd into skirmifK upon the very banks of the brook. Lff/fw^.'.'y?fM the Candiot had the leading 
 Q of his country-men; Licorroi the Megapolitan commanded the light horfe, TheCandiots, 
 who likewr.e were auxianes and aid-(ouldiersto the enemies, and the (ame for: alfo ot' the Ta- 
 rentin horsemen, guarded thofe that came to water forthem. Doubtful was the skirmilTi for 
 a good while (as being managed and maintained oftheonefde and the other by men of one 
 Natic^n, and thofe furnillied with the fame kind of weapon) bucthofethat were for theTy- 
 rant. wcremoreinnumberthanthe other. And by reafon that Ph/tpTm-ncs hid givcncharge 
 and direilion to ttie Captains, after they had held skirmifli a while, to !eem to retreat and flie, 
 thereby to train the enemy into the aforefaid place ofambudi ,they followed hard in^ hafeupon 
 them as they fled along within the valley, and mod of them were either fl:in or wounded before 
 they fa w the enemies hidden there within. Now thofe targetcers aforeiaid, were fet inthat 
 p order (io far forth as the breadth ot the valley would permit j thu they might eafily receive their 
 fellows as they flfd, withinthe (paces between their rinks and hies. Then at once they aro('e, 
 frefh in heart and ordred in good array, and charged upon the enemies, difordered, disbanded, 
 loofe, fcacrered, weary with travel, and faint of their wounds. Then was it out of doubt and 
 part aii peradveo'urc where the vidtory went: tor prefently the Tyrant fouldiers turned their 
 backs, fled a good deal (alter than they made puriuit before, and werebe.ncn into theTcamp: 
 many wc e either aI led or taken priloners as they fled ; and they had been pot in atiright alfo 
 within the camp, but that T' /i;7flpi;«f..« commanded to lound theretre»t, fearing more the rug-, 
 ged and broken ground, an."! thedifadvantage and difliciiltics thereof inca(e hehid raiTily ventu- 
 red forward any farther, than he did the enemy. Then he,takinghisconjei1:nreby theiflueof the 
 E fight, and guclTing by the nature of;V.«jfc»the General, in wh.nfcar and fright he might be, fenc 
 untoliim oneofhisanxiliariesthat were (Irangcrs, counterfeiting himfelf to be a renegate revolr, 
 roinform h'.\ afl'uredly,th.uthe A hxans determined the next day to march as faras to the river 
 EurotM, which runneth hardby the walls oi L iceddmon tor to (^opthepallage, that neither the 
 Tyrant might retire him(eli into the City when he would, nor any munition or vii"luals be caried 
 from thence into the camp: moreover, that they would give the attempt, and aflay if they could 
 folliciteany of the citizens to revoltfrom the Tyrant, This counterfeit carried himlelr" foin this 
 errand, that the Tyrant believed not fomuch his word^-,as took hold thereby of a good pretence 
 and honeff occafion fortoquit and abandon thecamp: and therefore the next morrow,he com- • 
 manded PytLi^oras, wit!i the auxiliary fouldiers and the horfcmen, to keep a good guard abouc 
 F the trench and enclofure of the camp: himfelfinperlbn with the llrength of his army, marched 
 as it were to abattail,and commanded to advance forward theen(igns in all haft toward the City. 
 * Phi/opTwcnes perceiving that the army marched lb fall through thenirrow pafl'age down the »or tnhaPhU 
 hill, put forth all his own horfemen and tlie auxiliary Candiots, againfl the guards of the enemies ipamm. 
 thatwarded before the camp. They, feeing the enemies toappioach andthemlelvesiorfakenof 
 their own fellows, at firll went about to retire within theirhoid: but afterwards whenthey per- 
 ceived the whole army of the Achxans advancing againfl them in order of batrail, fearing that 
 they and their tents Oionld be at on.cfurprifed, made apace after their own hoft which was gone 
 a good way before. With that, thetargetierso:theAchxansaffailcdihecamp, cntred upon it, 
 and ranfacked the tents, whiles the rell went forward and purfucd the enemies. The way was 
 Gluch, as that an army at libe-ty and free t'rom fear of enemies, m'ght hardly and with much ado 
 tid any ground and mirch without enaimbrance: but fo (oon as theskirmifli began in the tail 
 of the rereward, and the noil" and cry of them affrighted behind was heard in tne vanguard : 
 every man made fhift torone, flung away weapons, and fled into the woods on either fide of 
 the way ; and ere one could turn about all the wayes were (Ire wd and choaked up with armour 
 and weapons and elpecially with darts or javelins, which lighting tor the mo(} part with one end 
 full againfl the enemies, were in ftead of a flaked or empallcd palaiffade to hinder their paffage. 
 
 Philo^
 
 ,z6 T be five and thirtieth Boo\ ofT.LWms^ 
 
 ThtlopaetKe»ej having given corrmandment to his light armed aid-fouldiers to preffe forward ftiU, H 
 and to follow the chafe as faft as they could (knowing well that the horfemen would have much 
 ado and trouble in their flight) conduced himleli the main army and hea\ ily charged, by a more 
 open way to the River EurotM : where he encamped himfelf a little before the going down of the 
 fun5and there he ftaied for his light appointed fouldiers, whom he had left to follow alter the ene- 
 mies. Whobeingcomeaboutthetimeofthefirft watchjbroughcword, that the Tyrant with 
 fome few was entred into the City,but the unarmed multitude were dirperfed,acd wandred all a- 
 bout the forrcft and the woods. Then he willed them to repcle and refrcfh their bodies : which 
 being done liimfelf chofeout ot all the fouldiers bef-des (who becaufe tl.ey were come firft into 
 thecamp, had well heartned themfclvcs with t.;kirgiheirrefeftion and fome fmallfleep) certain 
 ele6t andfpecialmen.and took them forth immediatly with him,having about them nothing but i 
 their 1 words, and fetthem in good order to keep two port waies, by which men go to Phar^i 
 and Bartoftheues^}Nheiebe\)ielumtd that the enemies would take their way and retire themfclves 
 upon their flight : and nothing was he decei v ed. tor the LacedsmonianS)fo long as the day light 
 lalkd.had withdrawn themfehes to the middle ot the foireft, through by-lanes and blind paths; 
 but when the night was oncecome,ard that they defaied lights ^vithin their enemies campjthey 
 kept themfelves aloofover-againft them within dofe and fecret lanes ; and when they were once 
 paflied beyond, and thought all to be in fa!ety and fecurity, they came down into the more open 
 high waies, where they were received and caught up by theirenemies that forlaied them in am- 
 bu(h • fo they were every whereby numbers either killed or taken prifoncrs; infomuch as fcarce 
 one fourth part of their whole army etcaped. Philofoeniefits having fhutup the tyrant clofe within k 
 the City, fpent almoft thirty daies conlequently cnfuing-in walling and fpoilingihe territory of 
 theLaconians: and when he had thus weakned and in manner brokenihe back of his enemy, he 
 returned home,and the Achaeans held him a paragon, and equ:i to the RomAU General for glori- 
 ous deeds of arms,nay,inthe fervice of the Laconian war they preferred him before the other. 
 
 During the war between the Achacans and the tyrant, the Roman EmbalTadors, who careful- 
 ly and diligently vifited the Cities of the Allies, for fear led the j£tolians had alienated any of 
 their affei^ions from them to King J miochusM^^cWzd but litcle in going about to the Aihians, 
 •whombyreafonofthe hatred they bare to A'd^Wjthey hoped verily to befall and faithful enough 
 unto them in all other things. And firfl they came to l4f/jf»^,from thence to f /w/rw, and fo into 
 Thejfaly: and after they had conferred with theTheffalians in a frequent counsel of theirs they l 
 turned their way to Demetrias where there was pubiiflied a folemn Diet to be holden by the 
 Magnetes.Where they were to frame their fpeech more curioufly than in other places becaufe cer- 
 tain of their great men and Potentats were edranged from the Romans, and altogether made for^ 
 ^ntiochus ind thejEtolians. Thereafon was this ; becaufe when news came that P/jz/zp his fon, 
 who was left hoflage with the Romans, fliould berendred again 'ntohim, and likewiie iherri- 
 but remitted which had been impofed upon him, among other falfe tales and untruths,it was re- 
 ported, That the Romans would redeliver Di?wffr?<toalfo into his hands. And rather than that 
 fhouldcometopafs, Enrylochus (3 ^utidpzl and chief man amono the Magnefians) and fome o- 
 thers of that fa£Hon, defired to have a new world and an alteration, by the coming of the jEtolians 
 and ^ntiochmt To thefc Magnefians, they were to couch and place their words fo, in riqding »« 
 them of that foolifli vain fear which they had conceived, that thereby they did not put PhiUf 
 clean befide his hope, and fo give him occafion to be ill affefled unto the Romans ; confidering 
 that he alone was to them of far greater importance in all refpe61;^, than were the Magnefians, 
 put ail together. Thusmuchonly they laid by way of advertifement,That asallGz-efcfoenerallY 
 was much beholden and bound unto theRomans for the benefit ofLiberty,whichthey by their 
 means enjoyed, fothat City and State efpecially above all others was obliged unto them For 
 there, not only a garrifon of Macedonians had been maintained to keep them in awe, butalfo 
 the King had built him a royal palace,to feat himfelf there, to the end, that they might evermore 
 have in their eye, their Lord to command them. But in vain, and to no purpofe was all this, in 
 cafe the jEtolians hvoM^t Amiochus inhis fiead to make his refiance in the houleand palace of j^ 
 Philip '■> and would needs entertain a new and unknown King in lieu of the old, fo long a time and 
 fo well known. The foveraign Magiftrat of that City, x.hc<j czWMagKetarches ; and for that time 
 EHrylochfis viisihtmzn: who bearing himfeli big and flout of his high place, laid plainly, Thar 
 he knew no caufe, why either he or the Magnefians fhouldfupprefs and fmother the rumour 
 that nn fo rife touching the delivery oi DemttnMiMo Pbdip\\\shzr\As, For rather than to 
 fufFer that, the Magnefians were to oppofe themfelves, yea; to do and dare any adlion wharfre- 
 ver. And in the vehement heat of fpeech he went fo far, that inc-nfideratly he call out one wci d 
 andfaid, That Di'Wf/r/^feemed free in outward fliew and 3ppe:rance, but in very truth wa« at 
 the command and devotion, yea, and at every beck of the Romans. At this fpeech there arofc ** 
 diflbnant bruit and murmuring of the affembly, which jarred and varied ore ("ron^ ani "^her^Q 
 whiles iomefooihed him up, otherswereofFended,andtookit in^^reat de'pight, that hefl-, uld 
 prefume to utter and fpeak fo much. And CX.tr.tins was in fuch an b^at of choler therewith that 
 firetching forth his hands to Heaven,he cal ed the Gods to witnef'; thi'; ingratit'ide ar<^ difloi-'l- 
 ty of the Magnefians. At whole words they were all orcatly terrified. Then Zero ore of t r e chief,, 
 a man at that time of great authority and reputation, as well in regard of the hc>!0'irab!e port 
 thathc ever caried in the whole courfeofhis life, as alio for that he alwayes flood firm and fure 
 
 "to
 
 The five and thirtieth Boo\ of T.Livius. 7 jt 7 
 
 k " to the Roman fide, befoughc Quintms and the reft of the Embafladors with tears, Not co im- 
 " pute the tolly of one man to the whole City,for every man is to bear his own burden,and as he 
 "hath brued, (o to drink, and abide the Imart of his own fcratching. As for the Magncdans 
 *' (laith he) they acknowledge to owe unto T. Qutntiusind the people oi Rome, not only their 
 " freedom, but all other things elfe that are moft deer and precious unco men. Neither conld a 
 "man prayorwifli atthe hands of the immortal Gods for any thing, which theMagnehanshad 
 "not received by their means: and fooner would they like frantii.k perlbns pluck the very hearc 
 " out ot their own bellies yea, and tear themlelves in peeces.before they would violate and break 
 " the amity wlii' h they had with the Romans. This Ipeech ol his was followed and leconded with 
 the niimble prayers o! the multitude. Eurylouhtts departed out of the afl'embly, and through by- 
 B wayes and blind lanes recovered the gates,andfrom thence fled lireight into v/£tolia. For now by 
 this time, and every day more than ottier, the ^toliansdikoveredandfliewed themfelves how 
 they were adeftca lo revolt. And happily at the fame time, ThoM, a principal perfonage of that 
 Nation, w'lomtlicy had tent asEmbafladorco King ^<.r;oc/)/:/^,was newly retutned,and brought 
 with him /»/c-/i//!/)»/ the Kings Embnfl'ador,Who,before they had audience given them ina coun- 
 celaflembled for them, had hikd every mans ears and bhbbed forth, whattorces were prepared 
 both for Land and Sea,what a mighty power was coming both of foot and hotfe,how Elephants 
 werefent for out oilndazTnd above all (wherewith they thought the minds of the people would 
 be moif moved) That there was fuch a mafs of gold brought, as would buy all the Romans our 
 and out. It was eafy to fee what trouble and broil fuch language might make in the general diet 
 Q and aflembly. For theRoman Embafl'adors had intelligence, both of their coming, and of all 
 that ever they did. And albeit there was httle hope or none at all lo do any good, yet Quimus 
 thought it not amifs.that fome Embafladors from the allies and anbciatc Cities fliould be prefent 
 at that Councel, fuch as might admonifh and put the j£toHans in mind of the Roman alliance 
 and fociety, and not llickto fpeak their minds franckly, yea and thwart the King his EmbafTador. 
 The Athenians of all other were thought the meeteft mentor that purpofe, both in regard of the 
 authority and reputation of their City, and alfo forth* ancient league between them and the 
 jEtolians. So QuinttHs requefled them to fend their EmbalVadors to the Panxtolijn Parliament. 
 When the aflembly was met, and the Councel let, r/ja^^firft declared his emballage; and after 
 him was M^mpptts called in.who being entred in place, fpake in this manner : " It had been (qd. 
 ry " he) the beft courfe for ail them that inhabit both Greece and J/ia,thzt Antiochm had intermed- 
 '' led in thele affairs, during the upright fortune and entire Itate of Philip : then, every man had 
 " enjoyed his own.and all had not been reduced co the appetite and devotion,nor brought nndec 
 *< fubjcaion of the Romans. And even yet (quoth he) in cafe ye penifl: ftill in the fame mind,and 
 * purpofe refolutely toaccomplifh and tinifh thefe your defigns and commenced enterprifesjpof- 
 (ible it is by the favor and help ofthe Gods, and by the meansofthe ^.tolianaffociacion that 
 ^^/w/wj may recover the State oiGreece.cxiizd as it is,and much broken, and bring it again to 
 " her firft frefh hue, to her lively and lightfome luHre, which confifleth in true liberty, even that 
 " which is able to (land alone and maintain it felf, and depcndech not upon the will and ploafure 
 " of others. The Athemin5,whofirftf after the Kings emb2lVage_wi;delivcredJhad audience given 
 E them and liberty to fpeak their mind,vvithouc making any mention at all of the King, " Ad erti- 
 " fed the i£tolians of the Roman fociety,and put them in mind of the favoisand good turns done 
 *'by Q;!;>;»«jto all GVcvcf in general: advifingthem to take heed, that without difcrecion the y 
 " overthrew noi the welfare thereof, by running raflily and loofoonintoa new wor'dofdrange 
 "courfes and fine devices: for hot, haf^y, and'heady counfels are at the firft fight and encertain- 
 " mencpleafant and amiable ; in the handling and managing, hard and difficult ; intheend and 
 " ifTue, heavy and dangerous. Confider how the Roman Hmbaffadors, and namely, Ql^mtins a- 
 •• mong them.arc not far off : and whiles things fland in oood terms of integrity, it vyere better to 
 
 <' treat^and debate of matters in queliion and doubt.by words and rcafons,ihan to let all Afiaind 
 " £«>vpf together to take arms and to make lamentable and deadly warone upon another. The 
 
 F multitude deflrous of a change. cnclined altogether,- and were wholly devote to A>-tiochus, being 
 of opinion chat the Roman Embafladors were not to be admit ted into the Councel: but the more 
 grave and ancient perfons of the nobility and (faces-men, obtained thus much by vertue oftheir 
 authority, That they (hould have audience granted unto them. And when the Athenians had 
 made relationotihis decree and conclmionpafled, Q«» r;.'/.f was o;mmd togointoiEfc//^: foe 
 this accompt he made, either to obtain fomewhat that he came tor , or elie to have all Gods and 
 men to bear him witnefs- thn the-Romans would enter into the ailionot war juflly-^snd in man- 
 ner upon conrtraint and neceflity. ^' Qjiintms being thither come, began at f\xi\ to difcourfe be- 
 « fore the whole aflembly, as touchingthcfociety of the ^tolians with the Romans, and bow 
 "often they had broken tor their parts \he faithful accord between them : and when he had fo 
 
 G " faid,heufed abriet fpcech concerning the right ol thofe Cities that were in quelhon.And if they 
 "tho'jcrht that they had any law and reafon oftheir hde,how much better (quoth he) were it Po 
 « lend Embafl'adors to -Rowf either to argue and expolfulate the matter with them,orto demand 
 *' their advice (whether they would themfelves) than to caufe the people of Rome to make war 
 " with Antiochui & the ;£tolians tooetber,not without great trouble of the whole world & cer- 
 '•' tain ruin cl;,\\Grcecr >For i one fliould feel the (mart & calamity of this war looner than tfiey 
 " that are the very caufes iherof 2c began firft.Thus fpake the Roman Embafl.by way of prophg^ 
 
 ''I
 
 7 
 
 ^3 j be five ind thirtieth BooJ\^ o/T.Livius. 
 
 but in vain and to do cffeft. After hiSi ThoM and the rett of that faiSion, were hca«d with the H 
 aeneralapplaufe of all: and they effefted fo much, that without any farther proroguing of the 
 bietjand referring the matter to another day, yea, and without flaying fo long until the Romtns 
 were out of the place and abfent,they concluded to make adecree,by vertue whcKoi ^miochu^ 
 (hould be fent for to affranchife Grecce,An(i to decide the quarrel between theRomans and the 
 ^tolians. This decree was not fo proud and infoknt^but D^wocm«j their Pretor accompanied 
 it with as arrogant and reptoachfuU frump of his own. For when Qumins required of him to 
 fee the faid decree, he without any relpcft of the honorable perfonage of the man,made anfwer. 
 That for the prefent lime he had fomwhatelfe to do of greater importance; but he would give 
 him the decree and an anfwer withal fhortly, and chat within Italy^ encamped upon the bank of^ 
 Tyteru.Sogitziz fpirit of fenfelefs folly in ihofe dayes had poflefled the nation of the iEtolians, I 
 and their chief Magilirats ! Then Qaintius and the delegats returned to Cormh. 
 
 After the Romans were difmifled, the ;£tolians held no more general councel of the whole 
 Nation, becaufe they would make femblance and feem to do nothing oi themfelves as touching 
 thecaufeand quedion ofylfitiochus, butfitftill and expeftthe coming of the King. Mary, they 
 treated and debated the matter by their JpovJeti (for lo they call their fpecial and privy Councel 
 which confilleth of certain eleftchofenperfons) by vvhat means there might be an alteration 
 and change in the affairs of Gr^f re. This was held of all men for certain, thatinevery City and 
 State, the chief and the beft men generally were for the affociation of theRomans, and conten- 
 ted them'elves with the prefent condition wherein they ttood: but the multitude and thole who 
 had not all things to fall out to their own good liking, were defirous of a change. And one day K 
 above the relf, the Atoliansentred intoadefignmentand plot, whichwasnotonly outof all 
 ■meaUire audaciou;:, but alfo mo(t fhamekfs, namely, to furprife and poffefs themfelves of Deme- 
 triai, ChiilcLs and Lacedanion. And to each of thefe Cities there was fent one oftheir principal 
 perfonages, namely, Thoat to Chalcu ; ylle.wimeiifts lo Lacedamon^zad Diodes to Demetrioi. This 
 DtWfi had the help and a{ri(ianceof£»r7/cc/)Mj abanifhed man (otwhofe flying away, and the 
 occafionthereof we have fpoken before) who otherwifehad no hope at all to return again into 
 J^is native countrey. The kinsfolk and friends oiEurjlochtts and thereflofthatfa6fion,uponio- 
 ftruiStions given them by his letters, willed his wife and children to prefent themfelves in the fre- 
 quent affembly of the citizens in habit of mourners, in poor array, and vailed after the manner of 
 humb'e fuppliants, there to befeec h them all and fome,not to fuffer him a guiltlefs perfon,neither l 
 convifted nor condemned , to wax old and pine away in exile. All that were plain and fimple men 
 feemed to be touched with pity and commiieration.The wicked and feditious perfons conceived 
 feme hope tomake aconfuficn in the State by thefe iEtolian troubles: info much as everyone 
 was of opinion and gave his voice, that he fhouldbereftored and fent for home. This ground 
 being laid and matters thus prepared, DiocUs with his horfemen (for then was he the Captain of 
 the Cavalry^J took his journey, under a colour and pretence to reduce and bring home this ba- 
 nifbed perfon his hoft and goodiriend ; and in one day and night travelled a mighty great jour- 
 ney, and came within lix miles ot the City. And betimes in the morning by day light, accompa- 
 nied with threee'eiSf troops he marched forward, commanding the reliof the horfemen to fol- 
 low after. When he approached the gate, he caufed them all to alight on foot and to lead their j^ 
 horfes in their hands by the reins oftheir bridles, and to go withoucorder, refembling travailers 
 and waifaring men. fo as they feemed more Hke to the ordinary train of Captain Diodes, than to 
 the men of arms and warriors under his charge : and leaving one of his troops at the gate, for fear 
 left the horfemen behind might be fliut out, heled£«r;/»c/3>//by the hand, andbroughthim 
 through the mids of the City and the market place home to his houfe ; and all the way be was 
 met with many of his lovers r,nd friends that welcomed him, and joyed for his return. Anon the 
 whole City was full of horfemen. and all places of opportunity and advantage were feized and 
 poffefled by them. Whidi done, divers were fent to maffacre the chief of the adverfe part in their 
 houfes. Thus the jfitolians became mafters oiDemetrias, 
 
 As for L:!ced<emo>}y they devifed in no hand to force the City, but by fome wile to entrap and jq 
 furprife the tyrant. For feeing the Romans had defpoiled him ofall his Sea coafl Towns : and the 
 Achaeans driven him within the walls of Laccdamon-, there was no doubt, but who fo ever could 
 firft take his lile Irom him^fliould cary away allthe thanks,and curry efpecial favor with theLace- 
 daemonians. Good occahon and pretence they had to fend unto him apower of armed men,fot 
 that he had importuned them by his prayersfor fome aids, confideringthat by their advice and 
 perfwafion he had rebelled. So there were given unto y4/i?Ar<»»;f««x a thoufand footmen, and 
 thirty ele£f horfemen, drawn out of all the flour of the City. DAmocritm the Pretor delivered 
 unto them from the privy councel of that nation fof which we have before fpoken) " That they 
 'fliould not believe that they weretobe employed in war again!! the Achiansjorin any other 
 " fervice, according as each one might imagine and conceive in his own head : but he charged q 
 ''"them to be ready to perform and execute obediently whatfocver fuddaindefignment j^lexame- 
 " rus upon the prefent occafion fhould happen to attempt, were it never fo unlooked for,flrange, 
 " inconliderate, and audacious : and to reft upon this. That they were fent with him to accom- 
 '' pliPi that, and for no other purpofe. Thu:; Alexantcnus with the condu6i of thefe men thus 
 prepared to his hand came unto the Tyrant : and no fooner was he arrived, but he poffcfled him 
 prcfently with a world of hopes: giving to underftand, " That Anuochus^i% already pafled over 
 
 " into
 
 The five and thirtieth Boo\ o/T.Livius. 
 
 A " into Eurof. : that (liorily he would be in Greece, and over-fpred all feas and lands with his ar- 
 ''mies and armados ; that the Romans fliould full well know and find.that tfiey have not now to 
 "deal with fuch an one as Philip ; that the numbers of his foot and horfes by land can not be 
 " counted, nor his {hips at Sea numbred ; that the battail ot his Elephancs at the very fight will 
 " decide the maccer and hnifh the war. Moreover, that the vEtolians with all their forces, were 
 '* ready and prell to come to Lacedxmon, (as need retjuired; at any time : but indeed, defirous 
 "they were to (liew and miiHer betore the King at his arrival, a goodly number ot armed foul- 
 " diers. N-bis therefore himielf Ihou.ddo very well, not to fufferttiofe forces which he had,to 
 '» decay with long repofe and idknefs, buibring themtorth and train theui abroad, make them 
 ♦' to run in their armour thereby botn to whet and fharpentheir courages,and alio to exercife and 
 R '' innre their bodies : !or by ufcand > iiftome, the labour will belighter ;• and by the i ourtefy and 
 "graoomncsofthei. General, not vvuhout delight and pleafure. Hereupon, they began to ifTue 
 out of thi- City nnd ofient imes went into the plain lying hand by the River EurotM, They of the 
 t)rints-"uardkept'Ommonly in the b.nt^il or middle ward: and himfeif with three horfcmenac 
 the utmoii (with whom /]Ux .mema forthe molt part was)ufed ordinarily to ride beforetheen- 
 ligns,takm" fur^ey and viewing the utmoH points and wings of the army.The ^toUans werepla- 
 ced in the ri''htwing,as well thofe that .ame before to aid the tyrant as iholethoulard that were 
 nc w:y arri\ e'd with j-JcxAmcnus. Nrw had AhxAmenm taken a LU(lome,one while to tourney as 
 •it wcreamonoft the ranks teforein the . ompany of the tyrant, and to inHrud himin lomcmat- 
 teisfounding'to his commodity: ctherwhiles, to ride to his own men mto the right v^ing, and 
 C foonaeain to return to the Tyrant, as ifl,c had given them charge otfomewhat neceflary to be 
 done. ^Buc upon that day whi.h was appointed for to do the feat and murder the tyrant, after he 
 had ridden forth with the tyrant to the ufual pla<.e, and kept him company a while,hetookocca- 
 ricn(as his manner wasjtomakea (kp afide to his own fouldiers ; and then he went in hand 
 withthofehorfemenwhi^h were fenc with him from out of jErJ/.i, and laid thus unto them : 
 '•Now firs, you molt adventure and execute that InHily and withont delay which you were com- 
 «• manded to perform by my di region and leading. Be ready with heart and hand,and be not flack 
 «' and idle to exploit that,which ye Oiall fee mc to undertake and enterprile. And look whofoever 
 " he be that either ftandeth Hilljor wil feem to argue and interpole his own wit and advice to crofs 
 " mine,let him make account, he (hall never go home again to his own countrey . With that he 
 n fet them all a quaking, for well they remembred what theirchar^e was when they came fortli 
 from home Now was the Tyrant a coming on horfeback fromjthe left wing : Then Alexamennf 
 commanded his horfemen to couch their lances down, and to have their eye upon him He alfo 
 letled himfelfto take a good lieart unto him, which was not a little daunted at firft with the co- 
 gitation of fo -reat adef.gnnentthat he had projeded.Whcnhe was now approached and come 
 nceriheTyran^t, he ran with fullcarrierac him, gored hishorlc, an.1 overthrew himfeltto the 
 "round He was not fo loon unhorfed and laid alon^, but the horiemen (tabbed him with many a 
 fhrult /whereof the moft put did no harmjconhdering they were driven again(t htscornet : but 
 in the end they found where his body was naked and un.umed,ro he gave his lall galpbeitsre he 
 couldherefcuedby his guard in the main battail aforefaid. Then .^/^.v^»jr«««;takin^with him 
 E all the .Etolians, made all the hall he could to poffefs himfelf of the royal place The Penfioners 
 and Squires of the body, feeing this murder done befoie their eyes, were at firlf rn.ghtily a&righ- 
 ted : but afterwards perceiving the army of the ^tohans to go their wayes and depart, they ran 
 to the breathlef.carkife left among them and of men that ^ould have guarded his body and re- 
 venged his death.jhey became a fort of idle gazers and lookers on. And lurely there would not 
 atnlnhaveon'-ellirred, incafethemultitudehad immcdiatly been called to an aiiembiy ,and if 
 after arms laid down, they had been entertained by him with fome Oration or Remonflranccs 
 framed according to thetime. The .^tol.ans werekepc many together in arms lhll,w.thout any 
 outrage or wrongdone or offered to any one perfon. But all things that they didhafiened the 
 fpeedy ruin and ddlniaion of thofe chat had committed this Uff : as it could not oihervviiebe in 
 pallreafon, but they (liouldfobefeived, .vhohad plaidfolewd and treacherous a part TheCap- 
 iainandRing-leaderofalkhismif.hiefkepthimleltclofen.ntw|thmtheroyalpalice,^^^^^^^ 
 
 both night and day in rifling and feardiing the Tyr mts .offers and his trealury . And the ^toli- 
 ans for their part alfo fell to ranfacking as if they had won that Oty by aflault, which they made 
 countenance and femblance to fet free. The indignity of the'e thc.rpranks, the sontetnpt withal 
 and im'all regard made of them, encouraged and animned the Lacedemonians to gather toge- 
 ther and confult of the matter. Some were of opinion and fa.d, 1 hat the ./Etplum wer to be 
 thrult out by the head and Haouldcrs, and to be lent away .vith a milchief, and their own I berty 
 to be recovered , which under a colour of being rellorcd , was mterccpted and taken 'rom them . 
 others advifcrl and faid, that for fafhion at kaft wife , fome one ot royal blood Paould be fet up 
 G for to be the !iead inthis aftion. Now there wis of that race and l^cm one L...;..«, a young 
 Child, brought up with the chi'dren ot the late Tyrant : him they mounted upon horfeback and 
 then they took arms with all fpeed. and as many ^.toU.ns as they could ^'^^Y\°^^ T^'lf^f 
 here and there in iheltreet^ they ran upon and hewed ,n p. eces. Then they ^.'l'^"''^^ ,^;^^^£^^^^^ 
 where they alfo murdered M^xamcus- albeit with f-me tew abort him he made rehfla^e 
 and defended himfelf. Thereftofthe £tolians gathered together about C/Wc-^r.; (wh.^^ 
 h a Chappel of D,4m mjde of brafs) and there likewife they were maffacred. A few of thern
 
 730 
 
 J be five and thirtieth Bool\^ o/T.Livius. 
 
 'Uontariat or 
 Londimo. 
 
 * Cibt dtP*iu, 
 or PHleopQli, 
 
 < TtltidU 
 
 " Din Ui'.ai'i 
 
 flao" away their weapons and fled,fome efcaped to Tegeth and others to * Megaloplis : where be^ H 
 ID" apprehended by the Magiftrats, they were fold in port-fale, to them that would offermott. 
 Philoposmepies hearing of the Tyrants death, wenc to Lacedamo/iy where he found all things out of 
 order and in coniufion by reafon offear.And having called forth the principal & chief citizens, he 
 ufed unto them fuch a fpeech, as indeed Alfxamenns (hoald have made,and thereby knit the La- 
 cedaemonians in league and alliance with the Achaeans ; which he effe<ftcd the fooner, becaufe it 
 chancedeventhen, that ^;r;//«x was come before ' G/r/jieww with four and twenty galleaces of 
 five banks of oars on a fide. 
 
 About the fame time, Thoas had not fo good fpeed before Cholcis', by means oiEHthymidoi^ a 
 great and chief man of the City (one^who by the might and flronger hand of t hofc that fided with 
 the Romans, had been expelled the City alter thecoming of T.Quimius and the EmbalTadors or I 
 delcgats) and alfo ofHerodotrts of Cannt, a Merchant and a man that in regard of his wealth and 
 riches bare a great fide in Chaicis : Thooi-, 1 lay, fped not fo well by their means, notwithlianding 
 that the fuppclis nrd part-takcrs oiEuthymidM were welldilpofed to betray the Town ; as Eftry 
 locktis did in the luiprifingand feizing of DemetriM. This Ettthjmidoi trom Athens (for there he 
 had made choice to dweli^firH came to Thebes.znd fo Irom thence went forward toSalganea. He- 
 fodotus abode at Throninm, and not farfrom thence within the gvMoi MuUa^ he had 2000 foot- 
 men, and Thoiu two hundred borfemen,ard about thirty light Cara\els. Whith Herodotus was 
 commanded to fei over into the Ifland Atalantamih fix hundred footmen, that from thence, 
 when he perceived once the Land-forces to approach ^«/*f and £«r/))«/, he might cut over to 
 Chalets. Asforthemfclves, theycondu6\edthere(ioftheforcesinallthehalltheycould, and K 
 moft by night journies marched nmo Chalcu. AliUio and Xemclides (who had the managing of 
 the affairs in Ch^ldt, and might do ■',11 in all there, now that Enthymidat was hanifhed j remained 
 in Chalcis, and whether they miUrnHed fomewhat themfelves, or had fome inkling and intelli- 
 gence ofthe matter, I wot noi, but affraid they were at firft, andhad no other hope at all but by 
 flight to fave themfelves : ho wbeit afterwards when their fear was well ailaied and fetlcd, feeing 
 evidently, that not only their own countrey was beiraied, but alfo the Roman fociety abando- 
 ned, they plotted in this wife, and entred into acourfe as follovveth. 
 
 It fortuned at the very fame time, that a folemnanniverfaryfacrifice was celebrated atEretria 
 to the honour of D/^»4 Amarynthis: to which folemnity there refor ted not only the inhabitants 
 of thofe places neer at hand,buc alfo a number of Caryl.ians. Thither they fent certain Orators, L 
 torequeft and entreat the Eretrians andCaryfiians,both to take fome pity of their eflate,confider- 
 ing rhey were born in the fame Ifland, and alfo to have iome regard to the alliance ofthe Ro- 
 mans. and not fufferC^<i/c/iiotall into the hands ofthe jEtolians: who no doubt, if they might 
 get C/-f/;</, would not be long ere they had £»^(r(« too. Sirly Lords (fay they) were the Macedo- 
 nians, and rigorous, but the Atolians would be much more unfupportable. Thefe Cities were 
 principally refpe£\ive to the Romans.whofe vertneand prowefe invvar,whofe jullice and bounty 
 in vianry they had lately e.sperienceof,andtherefore both States armed the flower and manhood 
 ©fall tbeir youth and fent them. 1 he Townfmen ofC/:)i?/«j having committed the guard of their 
 wallTothee,went forth themfelves with all their forces pafTed over £«r.p»/, and encamped neer 
 Sala.inea, From which place they fent firft an herald.and after him EmbalTadors to the ;£tolians, ^ 
 to demand of them, Where in they had fo offended cither in word or deed, that their allies and 
 friends fhould rome tomoleftandalTail themfo by wayofhollility?To whomT/^c^wtheGene- 
 ral of the iEtolians made this anfwer, That they were notcome to annoy and trouble,but to de- 
 liver and free them from their fervitudeunder theRomans. Forbound they were and tied now 
 with a brighter and more glittering chain indeed, but far heavier, than at what time as they had 
 the garrifon ofthe Macedonians within theirCaflle. The Chakidians replied againand inferred, 
 that they neiher were in bondage, nor needed at all the garrilbn of any. And thus the Embafla- 
 dors departed fiom the parly, and returned to their own people. Thoas and the .-Etolians, whofe 
 whole and on'.y hope was to come upon them on afuddainandfurprifethcm at unawares retur- 
 ned home again as they came,being not able to maintain open war,nor to aflail a City fo well for- N 
 tified both by fea and land. EutbymtdM being advcrtifed that his coontry-men lay in camp at Sal~ 
 gMea, and that the iEtolians werediflodged and gone,retired himfelf alfo from Thehesto Athens. 
 And Herodotut likewife,afterhc had wittly and with great longing, cxpeiled from * Ata/aittacei* 
 tain dales together,to fee (ome fignal (but in vain) fent out a pinnace orbrigantine,toknow what 
 the caufe might be of fuch ftay: and underflanding that the enterprife was given over by his com- 
 plices and fellows in the complot, he returned to Thronium from whence he came. 
 
 Qnir.tius likewife having intelligence of thefe occurrents, as he failed with his fleet from C<»- 
 r/«f/j,encountred Eumenes in Euripus neer Chalets, And thought good it was between them that 
 Enrnerics the King (hould leave at Chalets five hundred fouldiers in garrifon, and himfelf go di- 
 reflly to Athens : and Qiii»tiHs kept on his way to * Demetrias whither he intended, fuppohng, q 
 that the deliverance of Chalcis yiomM make fomewhat to induce the Magnefians to embrace a- 
 gainthc fociety of theRomans. And to the end that thofe perfons in Dtfa»f<r/<» who fided with 
 him might have fome forces for their defencche wrote unto £«ww«i the Pretor ofthe Theffa- 
 lians, to put the youth in arms : and he fent Vdlins before unto Demetrias to found their affc<^- 
 ons, not minding otherwife to give the attempt, unlefsfome part of them endinedto refpeftthc 
 ancient fociety. r/tf/w/entred the mouth ot the haven with a five banked Galleace. Thither ran 
 
 the
 
 7 be five and thirtieth Bqo\ of T. Livius. 75 1 
 
 the whole multimde flocking unto him. And r«//»w demanded offhem Whither they bad rather 
 Ihif he c^me ro them as to friends or enemies? IS^iovihom Enrjtocbfts Vac Magncurehes an- 
 fweted.tbat he wis come unto his friends .• but he willed to him forbear the haven, and iuflper the 
 Magnefians to be at peace and liberty, and to beware that under a pretence otparle.he did not lol- 
 hcit and difquiet the multitude. After this there was no fart her talk and fpeecb between them 
 but plain debate and altercation: wbilesr////»« the Roman blamed and challenged the Mat;nefi»ns 
 as unthanktuHpeMons, and tore -varned them of the milerics and calamities that hung over their 
 heads; and Jgainth.- multituic cried out aloud, and accu(edas wellthe Scnat as C-'«/wr*«. Thus 
 Ktllinf without duiog any eood returned to j^«/«f/«/. But <^«/«f/«j having difpitched a nieffen- 
 ger to the Pretor, thit he Oiould reduce home his forces, reiircvi himlelf again by lea to Corinth. 
 ^ The affairsof(7r«cptiius interlaced and blended with the Roman, havecarriedineaway a'sit 
 were out of ny lilts .• not for that they were (o ncceffary and important to be written.but only be- 
 cautethey were materialltorhecau."- ofth; war sgiinll: Amiochm. After the Conluls were ele«fl 
 (knx thtrc I began my <^\ptff\onjL, QHintiw and Cn. Domitrns,the Confuls went into their fevc- 
 rall province!, ^</:r»»« in Ltguna^ind Dmmus agaioll the Boii.As tor the Boii, they held them- 
 ielves quiet. yc». and the whole body of th-ir Scnat with their children, theircaptains alio with 
 ihtir Cavalry to the number in all of fifteen hundred, yeelded themldves to tbcConlui. But 
 the territory of the Liguria;,5 »« as overrun and watted, and fome fortreflcs won ,• whereby not 
 only there wcreprizesgot ol all forts, and prironerstaken,6utalfodiverfe captives, as welUitizens 
 as allies were rt covered out of the enemies hand . This very year a Colony was planted at Fihy 
 C by an aft of Senat and Commons; and there went thitherthree thouland and (even hundred foot- 
 men, and three hundred horfemen. The Triumvirs, who had theplac ojof them, wece O.N'^vi' 
 MS, M.Miiunas^iuA on. Fhrttis Crajftpes. Every footman .^'as endued with fifteen acres^of land 
 and theh.ikmen with twice as much. It was a territory heldlallin ihetcrureoftbe Brutians', 
 and they had conquered it hrit ftomthe Grrelts. 
 
 About the laiuc time, there hapned at RometviO mod fcaifull accidents; the one of themcon- 
 tir.ued loo^, but was not altogether fo vehement and terrible : for there wai an earthquake endu- 
 red t)g<it and thirty daies.All which time, the lawfteed or vacation from all courts of law and ci- 
 villcauics, continued in c;ri* t tear and penfivenefs .• in regard whereof, a (upplication was holden 
 for three daics. As for the other, if was not a vain fear, but a very lols indeed that touched ma- 
 D ny men : fcr there began a icar.-.re m the bead Market, and continued a day and a night, burning 
 many houfes Itanding cn the l}hr fide ; and all the iTiops and ware-boules, with meichandile of 
 great price,wereconrumed Niw wastheyear well drawing to an end, and daily more and mora 
 the bruit and tnmorrf she war with -^w^joc^w/cncreafcd.-andlikewife the care that tbeLL.of the 
 benat bad iheiof.And therefore fljey btgan to treat as corxerning the Provinces of the Mag'iftrats 
 elccf.to the ena.iiai ah ofthrm mighlbe more circumipeft and intentivc to their charges. Soa 
 decree psfled that the Coniuis Qiould have the governance of /lafy, by name, and alfo to go whi.- 
 therfocvcr the Senat ("bould pleale to dilpofeof thein.-andall men knew welenougbjthattoe war 
 againll ^Bfioc/;*/ was upon the point. Al(oord>ined it was, that hewhofelot it was to manage 
 that war, fhould have the conduft of four thouland footmen of Roman Citizens, and three hun- 
 ^ dred horlemen ; bcfides (ix thoul.^nd allies of the Latine nation, and tour hundred horlemen. L. 
 OHtn:mt the Conful was appointed to take mufters for thofe fouldier$,that there fliould be no'ftay, 
 but that the new Ccnlul might immcdiatly put bimlelf in his journey, to what expedition foever 
 theSci^at thought good. Item, It was decreed as concerning the I'rovincesof the Pretors, ia 
 this manner.- namely, That the firlt lot Ihould alTign the double jurildiiaion,civill and forreigi^ 
 as well among Citizen, as (trangers: the fecond fliould concern thcUruiians: tfaethird, the 
 navy, and the lametohil whitherloever the Sen.t would appoint : the foutth for Sicily: tho 
 &ft for Sardinia: the fix: lor the nether Spain. Over and befidcs L.Ouiatiui the Conlul was com- 
 manded to enroUtwo new legions cf Rotran Citizens, b(. fides twenty thouland foot and eight 
 bundled horlemen of allies of the I.atine nation : and this army they (et out tor ths Pretor, who 
 was to govern the Brutii. Two chappels that year were dedicated to _7«^«/frC*«/)/f#/>««».-t&e one 
 oitbem L. Fttnits ,V urpureo wowed intheGauls war, as Pretor ; the other when he was Conful: 
 and O. MartiM Ralla the Daumvir, dedicated them. This year there psfled many (liarp and grie- 
 vous fentences and judgements upon ufurers; againlf whom(bcirg pi ivat a\eT\)AI.T»icciMj and F. 
 Imhiuj .Br«r«f the two yF.dilcs of the chair, commenced aftion. Of that lilver wherein they 
 were fined, was made a chariot with four wheels, guildcd } and fci up it was in the CapitoUin 
 the cabinetofy»;"tfr above the top of his flirine: likcwile twelve buckleisguildcd. The fame 
 Adilesalfo, cauled the porch or gallery to be made without the gate lergemim, among the 
 carpenters. 
 
 As the Romans were wholly amufed upon preparation for this new war, lb y^niiochtufothis 
 ^ part fat not It ill: three Cities there were which kept him back and checked his progre(Ie,to 
 wit, Smyrna, AlexAKclrta in Trocs, and L^mpfactu ; the which they never could tothat d ly fotcc 
 byaffault, or draw into amity with any condition whatfoevtr; and to leave them behind in thole 
 terms, when the fliould in proper pcrlon pafle over into Europe, he was not willing. Somewhat 
 alio be was impeached by a confultation as touching Annibal. For as firU he was ftaid and hin- 
 dered byoccafionof the open (hips which he intended to (end with him into u4frickj And af- 
 tfrvvard buzzed it was into his beadby T^otij tbey£tolianefpccially,andquenionmoved;Whe< 
 
 Rrr thct
 
 74^1 The fix and thirtieth BoQ^o/T.Livius. 
 
 ih^iTwasMod^mpiytoTcnd hiro thitheratall, or no ? This ThoM, when Greece was sll inTn H 
 
 hurry and full of troubles,bare them in hand,that DemetriM would be in their power and at their 
 devotion. And like as with his leafings touching the King, in multiplying and magnifying bis for- 
 ces- he had brought many of the Greeks into a fools paradile, even fo alio after the lame maner he 
 cea'lcd not to fead the King with lies, and fill him with hopes, making him bcleeve as all men 
 wilhed for him with all their hcarts,and would run by heaps to the Tea ftrand,to meet him lo ibon 
 as they could ken bis fleet under fail.Thisfelf-famc man was fo bold aUo as to alter the Kings mind 
 "astoucbini^ Amibal, which feemed before rclolved and fetled. Forheperl'waded him that the 
 "Kings nav^y was nottobedilmembrcd, and part therefore to be fent away ; andifhe wereto 
 "make outany of the fliips from the reft, yet -r^i»«/^<«/ of all other was not to have the conduft 
 "thereof, a baniflied perlon and a Carthaginian ; who waslike enough to be of many minds, & i 
 *« to change a tbouiand times in a day, fuch was his prefent condition and fortune.& fuch was his 
 •• nature and dilpofition. And as for that glorious name for martiall prowelTe (which is the caofe 
 *' that hnnibd is fo much fetby.and which recommendeth him as a fpcciall and fingular gift to 
 *^ the world)it is too much, and far unfitting for any one captain under a King .- and more meet it 
 " were that the King himfelf ftiould be regarded and feen above all other, that the King,! fay^and 
 *'none but the King fliould be the leader, condufter and commander of all. Again, x^hnmbal 
 "chanced tomiicary with a fleet, or to have his forces defeated, theloffe would be accounted no 
 « more then it any other meaner captain had done it : bmif theaflfairsflaould prolper and Ipeed 
 « well hnnibd ftiould go away with the honour, and not Amiochus. Moreover, Uy that fortune 
 *' were fok\n4 as to give Antioeh»s the upper hand of the Romans, and the entire viftory over k 
 " them for cvcr,wbat hope or likelihood is there that KnniBal would be content to live under the 
 *' King and fuojeft to him alone,who hardly could brook and endure the coinmand and foveraign- 
 ■'•' ty of the whole Hate wherein he was born ? He hath not carried himfelf fo, ever fince his firft 
 '<' youth; bearing amind tocompalTe the dominion of the whole wotld,as that now in his old age 
 "he can not abide to have a lord and a (uperior over him. To conclude .-the King (qaoth he) 
 *^ hath no fuch need of Anmbalin this war.as to make him a commander.* wel may he i;fe him foe 
 <« a counfellet and lo forth have him in his train and company ; for feme mean fruit andufe of fuch 
 «« a nature,cannot be cumberfome, hurt full,and dangerous •• but if high and great matters be reach- 
 » •« ed at, foon they may beat down and overcharge both the giver, and alfo the receiver. And no 
 
 «• fpirits are fo ready to envy and malice othcrs,as they whole birth and parentage, whofe degree L 
 *' and eftate is notanlwerable to their bauty minds .• and fuch commonly, as they hate the vettue, , 
 '■fo they depreffe the good of another. Hereupon their courfe of fending Amibat'mto hfriekt 
 *' was forthwith laid afide and clean call behind, which was (o well devifed in the beginning of 
 
 ** the war. 
 
 ABt/of^«/ bearing himfelf aloft now,principally for that Demetrioi was revolted from the Ro- 
 mans unto the A:tolians, determined no longer to delay the matter, but prefemly to take a voiagc 
 into Greece. But before that he embarked and took the fea, he went up to //ium from the feafidc 
 for to lacnfice to Afinerva-, and when he was returned to his fleet, he made lail with 40 dole co- 
 vered and hatched fhips, and 6g uncovered and undecked, and after tbofe followed ioo veflels 
 of burden.charged and fraught witbviauals,n;unition, and warlike furniture of all forts. Andtitfl; w 
 he fell with the Hand * Imbroj : and from thence he cut over to Sc)athes, where after he had ral- 
 lied bis ftiips which bad been fcattered one from another in the wide and deep fca, he arrived at 
 Fte/eum,ihe firll town of the main and continent. Where Ettrjlochm the Magnet arc he s^ Q'.the 
 loveraign of Ma^nf/ta^ind theprincipall citizensof the StatCt who were come ftomDemeiriatf 
 met him and joy ncd with him ; who rejoycing exceedingly to lee fo goodly a company of them 
 inhistrain, the next day put into the haven of the City of D^w«r/4if; and not far from thence 
 landed all his forces, whichamountedinthewholeto ten tboufand foot, five hundred horfe, and 
 fix Elephants .• a fniall powerCGod wot) and unfficient to leize upon Greece, 1 11 naked and alone, 
 far ftiorter then to hold and maintain war with the Romans. After it was reported that Anti- 
 ochttt was come to DemetriM, the ^Etolians proclaimed a councell, wherein they made a decree vj 
 to tend for Amiochhs. Fornow the King knowing that they would palieluch an Aft, wasde- 
 parted from Demetrias^ini hadiwithdrawn himfelf to ?balera within the galph of Atalea? And 
 after he had received once the patent of that decree, he went from thence to L<»iwm, where he 
 was received with exceeding favour of the common people, with clapping of hands, fhouts, «c- 
 cUmations,and others fignr^wherebythe multitude ufed to (hew & teftifie their great joy. When 
 they were sflfimbled together and fct in Councell, PhantMiht Pretorand other chief citizens 
 brought him lolemnly in; where 0;fx made, thus the King began his fpeecb,fii It exufing him- 
 felf, .in that he was come with a f^r fmaller power then all men hoped or looked for. "Andc- 
 *• ven this (quoth he) may fetve in ftead of the greatcft argument that may be of my exceeding 
 " love and atfeftion toward you, in thit being lo unprovided and unfurniflied of all things, and q 
 *ata timefounfeafonable fortofail, as too early to take the lea, I have not thought much but 
 " am willingly ^ome at the call of their Embafl dors .• being thus afiuredly perfwadcd.tbat the &. 
 <' tolians feeing me once, will fuppofe that in me alone conlifted elltheir hope and defence 
 " whatfoevcr. And yet I wouldaccomplifhIafiurcyou,and (atisfieto the full even your con' snt- 
 nicnt allOfWhofe ezpedation fortbe prefent may feem to have been diiappoineed: for foon &:. the 
 
 time
 
 7 he five and thirtieth Bool^ d/T. Livius. 735 
 
 A " rime of the year will ferve. and the I'pring is once come, thst thefeasarcnavigibic, I will o- 
 "vQifpT'-.M til Greece mth men-, horie.ini munition; I will takeup all the (cacoalls witbflects» 
 " I will rpar • tor no coft, no patn,no penll, u ntiil I have taken from their necks the heavy yoke of 
 "'hi Roman empire, fct Greece free indeed, andthenradc the 'Gtolians thechitf commanders 
 "th'-T^in. Nay, with mine armies befidesihall come all kind ot provifion and furniture oat of A- 
 y»4 8urK>r toepre'ent(uit*f htr)tbe .'Erolians mull: ;ee £:tikeorder,thjt my people may be fetvcd 
 with co'ti and other viftmls at a realonable rate. Tothis dfeft when the Kin;; h d /pokcu with 
 the great alV^nt nt ail men, ht- departed. After the ATingsdcparturejihererofcfomc contention be- 
 tween -wo great I' en ot the Atolians, to wit, P/j.^w.j' and Thoat, Phmeaf was of opinion, that 
 it wasbctfer policvtoule A»f/ffcA«*fora mediator and reconciler of peace, or to be an umpire or 
 B arbitrator to deci ie th contrnverfies between them & the Romans, rather then to be the General 
 of the war. For his verv coium^ nJ rnajclty would be more !.fFctluall then all bis forces to ftrikc 
 iome revrrenC'^ jnfh- Romans and canlethem tobcrc(pcfl:tve uniohitn. lor men oftentimes 
 yceld and remit many thmc^ot'hemfelves willingly, ro avoid war, which they cannot be forced 
 O'ltobv war an < 'iv jrns wnea th.y are once entred in'oat'^ion, T/'s*!/ inferred again and iaid, 
 that Thdireas iptke not tnis for any aelire & love to pejce^b'-u bis ineamng W3s to fcatter and dif- 
 patch this Jurmturc and prep«ra'ion of viariorthis intent That by thi^ tedious Imgring.tbe Kings 
 courage tnit^ u abate. and theRorosnsgaintime to make thetrjeivcs ready, i'or.tha' rhere was 
 noreaion piflnlv to be gotten at iheRomans handrhey hi\ fried (ufriciently by good -xp ricnce, 
 in lending lo many embslfages to^owe and in debating the matter lb often with Outiittut : nei- 
 thtr wnuld they ever have lougbr unto Anthchtif and craved his aid, \i all their hope otnei wis 
 *^ had noc b-ecn cat off and clean failed. Ar,d now (ince hish-'ping band is presented uiitotbenl 
 looner then all m- i tnoH:;?ht or looked for,they were not now to begin tofamt aiidgiveov.'r,but 
 rathei- to rf.q<iei': and intreat the Kirg, that fmce he was ccme hiiniclf in petfi'ii( nich was the 
 gritatdt milter of all) to let free aiid maintain (j/irrf<r, he would (end for forcts both at (ca and 
 lanrl. For fhe King in arms, might perad venture obtein lum-.tbingT but difartned if he were, 
 little or no recknint; would thu- Romans make of him in the quarreh .;nd qucft;on of the jEtoii- 
 ans, no, nor in his own aftairs wOenioevcrhe fhouid rcalon and deb (e thereof. And here went 
 the hare a-jwifiv. fhey all opened ftreightwaies to (tile the Kinij with the name of /mpemtor 
 [*.fcrDi>erour : ] 'nd they choie thirty of the chief perlonages to aflilt him in councell for all things 
 • tequtfit. Thui the Diet was diiTolved, and every manflipt away and retired to his own City. 
 ^ The nex' day the King fat in h conlaltation with their Apocletes, in what t>!ace they fhouid bc- 
 gintbe -var. And it was thought belt, firll to aflail the City otC6(j/cM, which lately the iEtoiians 
 badaHaiedin vain. And for to eifeA this fcrvice, there was tnoro expedition and fpeed required 
 then a.iV other great i rces and pepsrations. Hereupon the King let forward with looo foot- 
 n:en which toUowcd him t'lom Demeiriai, and made by the way o{?l:ocis : The Captains of the 
 alio ot t h"? yEtolians, having le vjed ibine few companies ot their youth took another way .and met 
 with him at Ckaronsa, and followed with ten covered fh.pr. The King encamped ner SJgahea, 
 and himielt in pcrlbn wiib thechittofthe /EroliansctoHed the Euripas-.ind when he was land- 
 ed and not far gone from the haven, the Magiftrats and cbief tner. ot Chalcls caoie fotth without: 
 r their g tes, and lome fe v/ of both lides met together for to patle. The iiiolians were -rarnelt to 
 perfwade withthem, •* That (o far forth as they mK-ht without impeaching thcRonaT amity 
 •■' they would allumc iheKirgtobc their allie and friend, for ain:uchishe wss palled who Europe 
 " not to make war, but to deliver Greece^ and let it free in very dt^ed, and not in word only and 
 *' faUtf (eaiblancejas the Romans had done. And nothing was there more for the good and bcnefic 
 ''of the Cities in 6V«cf, then to entertain the tbciety and fcllowriiip of them both. For under the 
 " the dcknce and fategard of the one, they might be lure co guard them'elvrs from the violeiica 
 "and outrage of the other. But if ttiey accepted not of the King, tht-y Wtrebclt to take heed 
 *' and fee what danger thev prelently incurred : conliJeringtheluccoursof the Rom ns to relieve 
 '* them were fo far of{, and the forces of A>«t»tfcZ'K» their enemy to annoy them, ibneercvenat 
 p «• their gates, whom 'fthemrdvcs with theii' own power they were not able to withftand. To 
 x.\i\i,Mtclio one oftheir chief men made this aniwer : I marvel! much (q. he J who they be, that 
 «' Antiocbus for to deliver and let free, hath taken the p ins to leave his own Kingdome, and to 
 •' pais over into £«roffir. For mine own part, I know no City in ffrffcr, that either hath Roman 
 '* garrifon,or paycth any trio'jtcunto them, oris bound to unjulf andunreslonable covenant, or 
 "endurcth any hards laws and conditions aginft their wils ; andtherefore the Chalcidians have 
 «' need of no perion to redore them to freedoms, fince th^y be f i ce already ; nor yet ot a gar- 
 « rifon forthei defence, confidering that by the grace and favour of the fame people of ^cwff.they 
 *' enjoy peace and liberty already. As tor the Kir.g, we retufe not his amity, noryetrejeft 
 *' we ihefricndiTiip of the ^tolians. And we will takeit for a fpeciall point of friendfhip that 
 Q "they ihiU'iouSiiithey gently will departout of our Hand and be gone ; For,asfor ns, wearere- 
 " lolute ic ibis, not to receive them within our wals, no nor toccntrad withthem any fotiety, 
 " without t^.r ltd vice and confent . fiheRomar.s. Whcnthefe matters were related to the King, 
 who (ta>ed t,clj:"d with the fhips, he detcunineJ prcfeotly to return to D^werrrAf for t hit he 
 was no; come 'vith fuch a power as to attempt any thing by forctt where,lef int; hij. hrft enterpnle 
 cam? ror><):ning.b?conf.>rred with the itcolians whst was to bcdo'ic^exi .-^cocludL-d it was.to 
 lound the AcliXios & .-jminAMder the Kjngoftbe Atnamans. They fuppoied that the nation o^ the 
 
 Rrr 3 BsociinS
 
 754 The five and thirtieth Book of T. Livius* 
 
 Boeotians wascleiD edranged and badly affeded to the Romaos ever fince the death of BmctUtu 
 and thole troubles that enfucd thereupon. They were petfwaded alio th. t Vhiepamems a great " 
 potectst , and principal leader ot the Achaears, wis both malicious and odious unto Quitittm for - 
 emulation and jeloufic of honour in the Laconian v)tr. ^miuatieier had efpculcd and taken to wife 
 jifamea the daughter of oneAltxandtr a Megapolitani,wbo vaunted biBi:elf to be defcendcd from 
 ^/fA:<«»?^<r the Great, named his two ioasPhi/ipit\d AlexAnder, and bis diughtti jipamea; 
 whon) being thus advanced by marriage with a King, her elder brother Phiiip accompimed into 
 u^thnmanta. This Phiitf a vain-headed young man, the ittohans and A»titckHs had induced into 
 afoolifhbope (corfidcring that for certain he wasofthe royall bloud)tcobtain ihe Kingdome 
 oiMM!dony;\l haply he could bring about to )oynAmin<*nder and the Athamanians to hntiochm. 
 And f hele vain conceits of great behett wrought mightily not with Philip only, but alfo with A- 
 minander. ^ 
 
 Now in AchA» there was a councell bolden at Rgium^ and audience given there to the Em- 
 hx^viox^ o{ Antio(hHiwA\!az iEtolians , before T. ^«/»"«<. Where the King his Embaflador 
 fpakefirrt, and being, (as all thole commonly are, that have interteinment and maintenance of 
 Kings^fuU of fooli(h babble, & making fea and land refound again with his vain ptatling and icnl- 
 leflewordsj fet talc an end, and told them, what an infinit number on horkroen were paffingo-, 
 >erby Helltfpont \mo Europe: whereof fomeof them wcre incompleat harnefs, stmedataU 
 peeces, whom they call CataphraQt : others were archers, and (hot of hotfeback, aganUt whom 
 iheie was nothing dole, nothing fure enough, who when their backs arc turned, aiid their horfes 
 run away, fhoot lo much the more lurely, and even poinr-plapk. And albeit thefe forces of borle 
 by his report, were lufficient of tbemfelvescc defeat all the armies of Ewro^ if they were put to- '^ 
 gether, yet he addedbefidesamigbty number,! wot not howmany oft^iot' en; andterrified 
 them with namely a fort of ftrangc nations, that Icarccly had been heatd ot'before, to w>,t, the 
 Dakes, the Medians, the ^Elymxans and Cadufians. But for bis forces at lea there was no bayes, 
 ** harbors, nor havens in all G><fcff able to receive them. Theiydoniansisnd Tyrians(iaytdcy) 
 '' hold the right fide, the AradisnSj and the Sidcts out of Pamphylt<4 keep the left ; nations for skill 
 and valour at lea incomparable. As for money andother pcovifH-n and furiiiture tor ;he wars, 
 *'itwere needlelTetodilcourleof, fince they thsmfelves knew well enough, that ihe realmsof 
 *' Ajitt have alwaicc flowed with gold, as their proper wealth. So as the Romans now were not 
 *' to deal with Vhilip nor with hnniial, the one a chief perlon among many others of a City j _ 
 '* and the other limited within the confines only of the kingdom oiMtcedonj -jbuc with thegrest 
 *' Monarch of all Afia, yea, and o\ iome part of Eurofe. And yet he, as mighty a potentatas he is 
 *' Cnocwithftanding be iscome totbeutmoHcoaftsand bounds of the Levant fca, to deliver and 
 " and enfrancbile C7r««)dcmandetb nothing of the Achsans prejudicial! to their fealty and alle- 
 geance to the Romans their fitU allies and affociats .• for he required not them to take arms with 
 "him againftibem, but or.ly not to intermeddle and take part 5 hisfeekingis,that (asbehpvetb 
 *' good friends and mediators between both parties^ they wonld all well and peace among them, 
 *'and not ioterpoie themlclvesinaquarrelot war. Archtd*nius\}ktvi\iG\.ht Emb fsadoi for the 
 t« -fitolians, requefted i'^ mancr the lame, that they would hold themfelves tjuiei and in repofe ( « 
 »• thing tnoft tally and fafc toribemj and being but lookers on the war, wait and attend the ifiue 
 I* of others mens fortunes, without the hazard of their own ; yet he ftaiednot 10, but proceeded (o M 
 t<far andoverlhot bimlelf io much in words, that he brake forth at length in ill language, one 
 (' while tWmc, againit the Romans in gener.^!, another while agaian QuiuttHt in particular ; cal- 
 ' ing th-.m ungrarcfull and untfaankfullpcrfons,. reproaching, upbraiding; and bictingthem in the 
 •''teeth, bow not only they hadgottheviftory of P^///p, but alio laved themfelves bythevcrtue 
 *' and valour of the ^tolians .- and as for QuintituMt was to thank tbem and their means,aii much 
 «' as bis own life cane to & the prefervation of bis army. For wherin at any iimej'qd.he)pctform" 
 " ed be the duty and devoir of General in the field i Seen him indeed i have in the time of battell 
 *'2nd in the camp, take the flight of birds, kill facrifices, and make vows very devoutly, like (otne 
 " holy parilh-prielt or divining Prophet, whiles I my lelf was fain in his defence to expol'e and 
 " prefenc my body to lances and darts of the enemies.To thefe challenges Qftintitu made anlwer ^ 
 *' in this wile,fayifig,that Archidamus had more regard in whole prefcncebe rpake,then to whom 
 "hedireftedalihis Ipeecb; for the Acbxans know very v;ell,that all the valour ofthCiEtolians, 
 " (f andeth in braggmg words and not in martiall deeds, as men that love to be heard in Diets antl 
 " afsembliesratbertbcnleen in the field and battell; and therefote no marvell if be made fo fmal 
 '■ reckning to fpcak unto the Acbsans,confidering that he knew, how well acquainted ibey were 
 " with the maners and fafbions of theiE.tolians.But be hath befides vaunted and made great brags 
 ■* before the King £mbafladors,and in their perlon, before the King bimfelfip abfence. And its 
 *' man bad not known before,what it was,aad had (0 knit and \iW.^^Amitchui and the j£tolians 
 '' togethetjhe might perceive it evidently by the I'peecbes of the Embaffadors ; for by exchanging 
 «' lies reciprocally, and by bragging of their forces which they have not, they have inflated and 
 <• puflFed up one another with vain hopes, whiles they tell and would make tbem beleeve, That O 
 " PhJip by tbem was vanquiflied ) That the Romans by their valour were protcfted ; and otliet 
 gay matters, which erewhileye heard.-buildingcaftles in the air,.'o the cndjtbatyou & other ftates 
 '< and nations would fide with them and take tbeir parts .■ the King again ^by bisEmbalTadours) 
 orerfpreadetb til with clouds of hotfmen and foQ.tmen, and covcretb whole feas with fleets 
 
 and
 
 T be five and thirtieth Boo\^ of T.h'musi "' 73 e 
 
 A «f tod annidos. Now in hith this is mine hoft of Chalcis up and down, a friendly msn I «(Tare 
 "you, and a good fellow in his hone, and one that knowetb hew foentett;iin his guefts and bid 
 "them welcome. And verily I can liken this maoer of dealing to nothing better then to a fupper 
 *'ofbis: We went upon a time CO make mtrry with him, andl remember well it wss not mid- 
 " rammer (when the d.ies are longed sndthelunat the hotted) where hetDa.ieus paflingcood 
 "cbeer. And'aswe wondred how at luchaieafon of the year he met with thi^r plenty of v'enifon 
 ".andfuchvarictywithallj the manfnothmgfd vainglorious asthefe fellows here) Imilcd plca- 
 "fantly upon us and (aid, wewere welcome ti afealt of atame (wineand no bttter : but well 
 '*f.rcagoodcook my msders fqd.he) who by hiscunningband, what with iealoningit, and 
 "wb.t with lervinguup with divers lauces, hatbm de all this fair Chew of wild flefh.^and the 
 
 fB •* fame of fundry Ions. This may fitly be applyed to the Kin^^his armes and forces .• of which even 
 *• now fo great boaft was made. For thele divers kinds ot arms,thele many Oimes of nations nc* 
 "ver beard of before, to wit, the DakesorDaheans(I wot not what to call them^the Niedes the 
 "Cadu(ltns,tbe Elim.-tans,tbey ire but Syrians when all is done ; who for their bale minds by na- 
 **turc, are much better to mike a (ore oflhvesthenacompanyof good louldicry. And would to 
 " God(you my mailers of /ich<ta) I could reprcfent unto your eies tde port and train of ths "rcat 
 " King, when he ran from Demetnas, one while to Lamia to the counccllof the ifitoliins, dc ano- 
 '' tber while to CWf« / you lliouldicc in the Kingscamp hardly twoprcty legionetSi& t&olebut 
 ** lame ones neither and not well accomplKhed.- you fliould lee th:^ King lomet ime as "ood as be"- 
 "giog grainof the ^tolians, tomeafuteout among his huiviry louidiers .• otherwhilesmaki.n" 
 •' fhift to take up monies at intercft to make out their pjy : now (landing at the gstes of Chalets] 
 
 ^ '« and anon (hot out from thence and cxclu -!<:d clean ,• and when he hsd done noj hin^ elfe but Icerj 
 '" y}ul(i and £«r//»«/, returning fair into ty£to//a. Amiechus (you fee) hath yeelded but imall btLef 
 «' to the yEtolians, and the ittolians have as litle ttufted &: relyed upon the vanjcy of the King. And 
 '« therefore the Icffe fhould you bedeceived by tbem, but rather repole your lelves afluredly in, 
 ««lfae fidelity of the Romans fo often tried, fo often known and approved. For whereas they fay 
 *'It isyour beltcourlcnoc to be embarked and interclTed inthis war I illure ycu, there is nothint; 
 <« more vain then tbis, nay, nothing fohurtfull unto your edatc. For you fh 11 be aprizeand pre</ 
 to theviftor, without thank of either part, without any wortb and reputation. Puinth:s wiS 
 tboaght by the Achianstohavelpokennot impertinently , but to have am wcred them both, fuUj: 
 ind an cafie matter it was to approve bis (peech unto thole, that were well enough enclined to 
 
 ^iiave given bim gentle hearing; for that it was no qoeltion nor doubt at all, but that every man 
 would judge them to be friends or enemies to the Achaean nation, whomtbeRomans beldfor 
 theirs.- yea, and would conclude in the end of an aft, to denounce war both againlt AnthchusSc 
 tbe jEtolians. Moreover, according as Qainttut thought good, they lent prelently an aid of joo 
 foiildiers to C^<i/cfef ,and of as many to Pjr-ffww.Forat y4/^ff»/ there had iiketo have been a fedi- 
 tion and mutiny, whiles fome drew the multitude( which commonly is bought and fold for mony) 
 to take part mth AniiochMS upon hope of large rewards and great bounties, untilliucb time as 
 QuinuAt was fent for by theoj that took patt with the Romans ; in lo much as \foUodorm /"who 
 gave counfeli and perl waded to revolt) wasaccufedby one Z-fe», and being condemned, was 
 
 p banlfhed.Thusverily the embaflagc returned from the Acbxans to the King with prelent anfwer. 
 The Boeotians delivered no certainty ; this only was tbeic anfwer, Th t when A«f«c6«jhimfe!f 
 was come in Bdotia, then they would conGder and cotilult what they were bell to do. 
 
 Antiochtts being advcttifed,that both the Achians and King Eumenes alio had fcnt men for the 
 defence of C(64/ca^, thought good to make haft, that his forces might not only prevent them; but 
 lU'o ifitwerepollille receive them and cut them fbott as they came. And tor this intent, he 
 fent MeniffMs with three tbouland fouldiers or tbere^bout.and Poljxenidas with his whole fleet. 
 Himfelf a f'JW daies after marched with (ix tbouland of his own fouldiers •, and of that levy, which 
 on a fuddjin might be gathered at Lnw#4, no great number of vEtolians. Thofe five hundred 
 Acbzans afotefaid, and tbe fmall aid thjt King Eumena lent under the conduft oi Xcnodidestht 
 
 F Cbalcidian, having (afcly palscd Euripus before that the waiesand palsagss were belet, arrived 
 ttChnicts. Tbe Romans alio who were upon five hundred, at what time as ^I^ffw/^i^wjenc'.mped 
 before S^g»nea, came to Hermcum, where is the pal'sage out oi Baotia into the llandof £«^a4, 
 In their company Wjs Mtclion lent as Embal'sador from Chalets to QHinttHS^ for to crave fome 
 fuccour : who perceiving that the waies were laid and the ftreights kept by the enemies, leaving 
 his intended journey by the way of y4«/Af 3 turned to Dif //«/», minding from thence tocuiover 
 into£»^'<'<. This D«//«w is « temple of Apo//o lituat upon the lea ftrand, and five miles diflant 
 ftom Tanagra^itom whence there is a fhort cut ("little more then a league) over an arm of the fei 
 unto the next parts of E«^<<<j. In this Temple and facied grove about it.fo religious, fo privilcdg- 
 ed and fccured fas are thole franchiled houies and (anduaries which the Greeks call Jfjla) and 
 
 ©atthattimc, when neither war was proclaimed, or at leaftwifenot fofar proceeded, astbatio 
 tbe heating and knowledge of any man there had been fword drawn, or blood (bed in any place: 
 In this place, and at this time, 1 lay, whiles the fouldiers wandred at their leifure and plea- 
 lure, lome gone to fee the temple abovefaidand the grove, others walking upon the ftrand 
 unatmedjandt great fort alio of them fcatteted ovcrthefields ('focbas wcregone for forrage, 
 and fewellj all on a luddainM«n<^/)»/ finding them looie and disbanded, charged upon tbeai 
 «nd flew them, and to tbe number of fifty be took alive; very few elcaped^ among whooa 
 
 Rrr 3 was
 
 -5^ 7 he fix and tbirtietb Boo^ o/T.Livius, 
 
 i;^irDW»S»7wb^imiSi^Ttoil veffel of liSFchand.le.This occurent,as it troubled and dUqukt- ^ 
 
 tAQmnttHs and the aoirans,for the loffe of their fouldiers^o it teemed much to ecceaie the right 
 oHbeir juft qua.ell to make war upon uinticchnt, yinnockm having advanced bis army and ap- 
 oroacbcd Jult^, aiter he had once again addreffed Orators,partly oi his own (ubjea$,and partly 
 ^Etolian^ to Cb»lcu,tor to follow thofc caufes which ot late he had commenced, bat in more mi- 
 natoiy terms, now prevailed Cifily, notwithltanding M>£l,o and Xf»eclides laboured to the con- 
 trary, that the gates fhould be fet open unte him. All thole that were tor the Pvomans.abandon- 
 ed the City alittle before the Kings coming. The fouldiers ot Achaa and King Eumeres, ke^-t 
 Salzanea The Rom. louldiers alfoCwho were tut tew)for!ified and made a (conce upon the water 
 oiEttnpus to be a defence for the piffage.y»/««/fp«^ began to anail5i/^4»«^, and the King him- 
 iclf to let upon the fort ot EftnfMJ aforcfaid.Thc Achacans and fouldiers of £*i»e«ihrU grew to i 
 compofition, and having capitulated to depart without any harm, quit tacir place otgariifon. 
 The Romans held out longer, and Itoutly defended the hold oi' Eurtpus ; but even tbey alio being 
 (o llreighrly inverted both by land & water, and feeing now the ordnance and engins ot battery, 
 brought and ready to be planted againft them, would no longer endure the ficge. When as no w 
 the Kin" hidpoffeMhimlelfoftfc!cCityof£«^af4, all the other Cities ot that iQand, retuied 
 not to-fabmit and come under hitlbbieftion. And he thought be had niadc a good beginning and 
 entrance in this war, in that fo great an Ifland, and fo many Cities commodioufly feated, and ot 
 fuch importance, were reduced under his obcifancc. 
 
 K 
 
 The Cix and thirtieth Book 
 Of the Hi/lories ofT, Livius of Padua, from the fomdatien of the 
 
 City of Rome. 
 
 The Breviary of L. Florns upon ihe fix and thirtieth Book. 
 
 MArcus Acilius Glabrio the Cottjul, with thi aid of King Philip, var><jni[hed King Antiochus, L 
 aetrto Thermopyl«,4««^<ir<jof htm «ut nfCteecQ' He alfopthued the tyEcolisits. P.Corne- 
 lius Scipio Nafica,r J?)^ (^oMfnl^reputed and judged by the Se»at,the befi min in the City )dtdiCAted the 
 temple of the mother of the godi ■, whom htrnfelf hadhrought mto the PaUtium. He *lfc -ahen he 
 h»d ozercome tl cBoiaKSy tookthemUpenfHrrender to his proteclio»,and triumphed over them. O- 
 •ver andbc[i'les^ here are fet dorrn thepro^erous biitttls foM-ght atfea, agaififi the admirult attdenp- 
 tains of King Antiochus. 
 
 The fix and thirtieth Boo\ofT, Livius. 
 
 SOloonas P. Ccrn:/it*s Scipio the ConoiCnetu, and Af. Jct/itu GLihie,{hetwoCon{a]i 
 were entred into their magiftracy the LL.of the Senat enjoined them (before any fpeech Sc 
 queftion moved as touching the provinces) to facrifice greater beafts in all thole temples, 
 wherein the cuflom was for the more part of the year to celebnt the I'olemnity ot Lcfti- 
 Rcrns, and to make their praiers in this maoer, That whereas the ienat intended a new war, the 
 gods would vouch(afe to bieffe and happily conduft the Ume to the good and publick weal of the 
 5ienat and people of Rome. Allthofe (acrifices proved good andas they ought to be: even the 
 very firft bealts that were fliin,prognofticated fortunatfuccefle,and fhcwed apparent figns tfeac 
 the gods were pacified and well pleafed. And thus the foothfaiers and bowel-priers, out of their 
 learning, anlwered. It was evident, ihst by this war the bounds and limits of the Roman empire 
 fliould be extended, and that both vidlory and triumph wastorehgnified. Thefe anlwers being ^ 
 reported, and mens minds fetled, and their confciences refolved ot all fcruples as concerning the 
 gods, then the LL.of the Senat granted out anordcr,tbat abill fhonid be preferred lolemnlyunto 
 the people in rhis form; VleafethitjoMyMdisitjoHrwiUy thatrvurjhould ie enierpri^ied againfl 
 Aniiochus, tind Af/ihat take his part} jindifthis bill paffe and be granted, areje pleafed^tbat the 
 Confuls^tfthejthink.fo good, refer the whole matter unto the Senat to tal^e order {or the managing 
 thereof accordingly ? P. Cornelius propounded this bill, and the people accepted tbcrof. Where- 
 upon the Senat fet down a decree that the Confuls fhould caft lots for the governmert of Itafy 
 and (7r««i and that he whole hap it was to govern G^^f?,fhouId(over and above that number of 
 Iculdiers, whichL. ^«/>;/i(« by authority and commiffion from the Senat had for that province _ 
 cither enrolled or leviedjreccivc that army alfo vi\\\c\iM.Bcebiiu thcPretor caufed to palFe over 
 the year before moMacedany^ by vertue of an order from the Senat, in that behalf enaded. And 
 licenle he had, if need (o rcquired,totakeupaid-i"ouldiers from among the allies without /r<i/;, 
 fo as he exceeded not the number af five tbonfand. Alfo agreed it was, that L. Qttimifts the Con- 
 (ulof the year before, fhould be deputed lord General for that war. As for the other Conful, un. 
 to whom had been allotted the charge of Italy, he was commanded to levy war againfl the 
 
 Boian;
 
 J he fix andtbirtietb Bool\^ af T. Livius. qx? 
 
 ABo'sns and to theirchoicc, whether army he bad rather have of thole nvo which tVfortnet 
 Co iluls conduced -aiid when he hid received on?, to lend the other to Rome^tbu thole legions 
 or Citizens fiiould be m rcadinefs for to be lent whither it picaied the Senat. This ordtrheine 
 taken intbe5enaK astonchingthe appointtnem and aflignation oHbofeprovincts^thcnit was 
 thousiht good that the nt w Conluls fhill cart lots for their governments.To Agilins bcfcl Greece 
 icvl Italy to C'rnelifu. Affi.rtbisby afpeciall lottherepafied anaft of the Senat, That whereas 
 thepeoplcof ^-»w<r had ordeined to wage war at that time ig inlt King Af.'tiochtts.ini thnfethat 
 wereuivcrhs omiMon, theCcnlulsiliouldc«a)c aprocelliontobetolcmnizcj. Allbtbat the 
 CodIuI At j^ciUhs flould conceive and make 1 vow to ^j»p;ffr,for to cdcbrat tbcfrca Gsujcs in 
 his bonoui, asid to brtngcfftrings toefcry altar. This vow wastjy himpronouncfd lu this form 
 
 jj of words, according xiP. Licfnius the Arch-Pricft endittd and prompted ut):o him. If that 
 war which the people bAth determmedf beenterprtfed'tni rn.ir.e aoatnrr AT/w^ Antiochus, (halite 
 ftrformed acccrdinv tatke mimd and content»rent of the Senat and people of Ro>Tie then fhall the 
 people «/Rome celehrate unto thy honour^ O J iipiter, the great Cimesfor ihejp.tce of ten dates to- 
 gether, axd^hUtioni^xH be brought to ever J .-il^'fiof that price iindamountirgtothat [umwht$h 
 the Senat (hall ordain andfet donn. And tvh»c Magiflm'.s foever {hali exhibit thofe (jamet^ 
 or tn whatpUce.jea, and at what time foever tkeifhalihe rtprefentea, thefjirac G.imeijhallbe held 
 far geod, and reputed -ft well done, je», anith: cffrings accepted as nghtij prefented. After this 
 there was publifhed and proclaimed by both CoH. a lupplication for the Ipace of 2 daies. When 
 the Cod. had call lots for the parting of their governments, the Prttots likewife went prefcntly 
 about the (ame for tbdr provinces. To Ai.Jumm Brutus fell both the jurKdidions, as well of 
 
 C Citizens 35 aliens. ^^.Ctfraf/./!/'r»>»TO.7/4 had tnc chtx^Qoiiht'&wiiw M.J^^myttw Lepidasoi S.cilj, 
 and L,OppiusSaliiJ!oro{ Sardinia, C. Levius SaltnMor wi'^ L. Admiral of the navy, and L, Jt- 
 mjlius T'lulus governor of the nether Sp^/«. And in this manner following, were the armies ar.d 
 forces diftnbutcd and appointed. Unto y1. Cornelius were ali-gntrd ihc new loiildiers which the 
 former year L. (^mtinst'ae Con(ul,by vcrtaeot an Aft or the Sinat, bad enrolled. And his com- 
 mil'fion was to defend and keep in order all that trad snd coalt about 7 arenttim and Britndufuw, 
 As for L.&mjliHs P.ulns, who was to take a voiigeinto the farther S^4/», he was allowed ('bc- 
 (ides the ^rmy which he was toreceiveof .1/. F«ii/«j the Pro-Pretor) to have thecondu(flot" 
 three thoufand new ibuldicrs footmen, and three hundred hotfe .- lb that of them, two third parts 
 fhouldconfift ofallies of the Latin nation, and one third of Roman Citizens, Thelupplywts 
 
 D fent unto C, F/dw/ww^ into the higher Spain, whole commiffion was renewed for to have the 
 command tberelttl!. M iEw;/;»iZ/rp/^«i had commandment to receive the government of the 
 province, and withall, thcconduftof theanny, ac the hinds of Z,. P'rf/fr/iM^, whomhe wasto 
 lucceed 5 and if he thought fo good, to keep with him in the Province L. Falenus, in quality and 
 and place of a Virc-Prctor : and lo to divide the province, that the one part fliould reach from 
 yigrigentuntro S:achtnus ;the other half from Pachmus to Tj>^d-triuin it\iv,\.hxt L.f^alenus fhould 
 defend the lea-cca(h and the river with a fleet of twenty Gallies. The fame Prstor aforefaid was 
 to levy and gather ailoubletenthtf corn, and to take order for the convoy thereof to the lea, and 
 fo to be embarked and tranfportcd into C;r*<i:?. The like comnnfiion had i Opimim^ tocxaft 
 
 _ and take another tenth in Sardinia : but that grain was to be br.ught to Rome, and not to be car- 
 ried over into Greece, C. Livius the Prelor and Admiral of the navy, was appomted with joo 
 fail ready rigged and ttimmed, tufail into Greece with all fpecd, and to receive the Ihips that Act^ 
 /;«/had : like wile tor epair,rigge andfurnifhthcold vetlds that rii in thchabois,orlay at one fide 
 up in dock;, y^. J««/*/theI'retor hisch.ngc was,to levy marriticts and rowers from among the 
 libeitins, for to Icrveth^t ^rmado. And triere were fent Emhaifadorsinto Africl^ to Carthage, 
 and irto Nutrstdia, three into cither patt, for to feek aid purvey corn to be fent into (]reect, for 
 which the p;:opie of Rome would make prefcnt paymciir. And fo wholly imploycd was the City 
 to prepare and take order for this war, that /*. Cor«.V/»ythjCunulpublillicd an Edift, that no 
 Senators, or any that had authority to give their opinionin the ^enar, neither any interior Magi- 
 
 plhats, ll-iould take any jSinney out of the City, farther then they might have return agajnthe 
 lame day : /tfw, that there (hould not be five Senators ablent at once from iR«»ff. 
 
 C. Liviui the Pretor, whiks he ofedall diligence and care to prepare and provide his fleet, 
 was empeachedand hindrcds time, by occafionofadebate and contention that arofe between 
 him and the Colonersof thcUa-lidc. For when they ihould be gathered and lent to fca, they ap- 
 pealcitotbe Tribunes ot the Com. from whom they were put over and referred to the Senat.- 
 ;>nd the Senat with one voice and accord pronounced and determined, that thefe Coioners 
 were not exempted from fea-fervicc. The Colonies that contended with the Pretor about their 
 immunity were thefe, Uo/Ha, Fregena.CaJtrutn novum, ^jrgi, Antium, Tarraciita, Minturnx and 
 
 P This done, the Conlul Adlius by order from the Senat, confulted with the coUedg of the Fe- 
 ciales or Heralds at ar.i.s, and demanded their advice, Whether the war Hiould faeprocljimed 
 anddefuncegivcn to AB/'ec/;«ibimlelf inpcrlon; or it wereiufficient, tointimatand denounce 
 thefametolome oneothisgarri(oD3? Alio whether they would advife to proclaim waragain(t 
 ibe A^tolians apart by tbemfclvcs .• or whether it were not meet and convenient firll to difclaim 
 and lenounce their fociety and friendfliip, and then to proclaim and denounce hotfility ? The 
 Fecials anfwcred, that heretofore they bad deterroioed andcleeied this point, at what time»s 
 
 tbeii:
 
 ^58 The fix and thirtieth Book of T. Livius* 
 
 tbcir opinon was coucbing Philif , to wit » That it was all one , «nd made no matter, h 
 whether the defiance were given him to his face, oronly intimated to feme garriforis of his. 
 And as for the iEtollns, this was their mind^hat they bad quit already their amity.and abandon- 
 ed all focieiy, in that when our Embafladcrs (o oftentimes had redemanded amends for wrongs 
 done, they never thought good Jo make reftitotionor latisfaiSion, Moreover, the Atolians 
 bad thcmlelves fent defiance firft and proclaimed war againft the Romans, when as by force tbey 
 feized J>tfw«r/<MaCiiyof ourallics, snd advanced before C^<j/cfcf,toa(5ail it both by land andfea; 
 and laftly.in that ! hey had (oUicited King jintiochui and brought him into Earcpe,{or to levy war 
 againft the Romans. All things now being iufficiently provided, M. hcilita the Conful publifhed 
 an edid and proclaimed, Th|t all thole lonldiers whom I.. 4^«'»fi»^ had enrolled, hkewifeall 
 tbofe whom he bad leyied of the allies of the Litinc natiop, who were togowi'hhim into his j 
 province, likewife allthe Colonels and Marl"hais of the fecond and third legioii; iliould render 
 •ijiWij. themfclveSf and be ready altogether at 5?^»<i«/7»i« upon the * Ides of ^<9 following. Himfclf - 
 •3 ^^-' upon the * fifth day before theNones of the fame month departed forth of the City clad in his rich 
 coat of arms. And at tbe fame lime thePrctors alfotook their journies into their feverallprovinces. 
 Much about that timetherc arrived at ^cfwr ErobsiTadors from two Kings, to wit,Phi/ipoi' 
 Aiacedon/, indVioiomaeK'iogoiiy£gjpt; promifing their aid of men, money, and corn for that 
 *36oeo pound ly Jr. And befides fro n P/o/ffOT<««/tbere was brought * looo pound weight ingold, and the 
 aneel'touch ^"^ ^^'8^* °^* ^°°° pound ot filver: howbcit nothing was received, but much thanks rendred to 
 *«ocoo°pound both the Kings. And whercasbothof themofFred to come with all their power into zy£tolia, 
 fieri. andto betherein perfon, Pt»/ow<«e was difchargcd of that offer of his, butthe Embaffadors of j^ 
 
 Thilip received this anfwer.Tbat he fliould highly pleaie and content the people of Keme, in cafe 
 he vyould not fail tbe Conlul M.hctlius, In like manner there came Embafladots from tbe Car- 
 * I fiippofe thaginians and Mafamjfa, The Cartbagiuians made promiie of * a thouland Modii of Wheat, and " 
 '"^h "h" "T' °^^^^^^y ^^^ hundred thoufand fortbe army, and likewife to bring half fo much to Rome ; pray- 
 plicant'num" i"gthe Romans to accept the lame at their bands as a free gift and gratuity.* adding moreover, 
 bcr.w^.ioo fbit they would n an out a fleet at their own charges,and were ready alto to make one entire pay- 
 Foritis not ment of their tribute behind, which tbey wetc of du7 to pay by fundry terms of many years. The 
 anfwirableio 'Eoibi^iAoxso'i Mafa-iijf a, promifed in the behalf of their King, tofcndfive hundred thoufand 
 ofth{[r^"b3t^°'^"°^ ^^^"'j 30J003 of barley into (Jr^fw to tbearmy, belides 500 menofarmsand 
 folioweth, nor twenty Elephants, unto^. ^c/V»«i tbe Cof. As touching the corn, thisanfwer was returned l 
 rothemagni- unto them, ^that they Were content to accept thereof, fo that they would take money therefore 
 fieenecotfo jq ,tjg ^orth. As tothe fleet aforefaid,whichthe Carthaginians made offer of, they acquit thetn 
 fer"romrthir!''^'"> ^*'^" many fbips as they were to find and provide according to(he tenor of tdc accord 
 ty quarters ot *nd compofition between them. Laft ot alljConcerning the tribut mony, none would they receive 
 wheat, who before the day. 
 
 herecofore al- Whiles the affairs pjOfedtbus at i?»w^A»f/o<:/[?«i being at CA^/c^,becaufe he Would notfitftill 
 d°cd''tlme's"as *^^ ^° "o'l^'^gj '^' ^ wintct time, partly himfelf loUicited (by fending EmbafTadors) tbe minds of 
 much, and yet, the States, and partly alfo there came utjto him Embaffadors from thence of their own accord.- 
 the fame pro-* and namely, among others, the Epirots'prefentedthemfclves by the common confent of their 
 portion of Cxar- whole nation, and the ElcansaUb came out of i'lr/op**^/*/. They of £/// craved aidagainftthe 
 a7hT^"^cf"°'*-^'^''**°*' who ('they verily thought) would take arms againft their City, becaufe war was de- 
 isfetdown'^" nounced agsinft ^»f*>c^«/ nothing to tbcir will and good liking* Untothem werefcntiooo 
 footmen under the leading of E«/»/:'4«f/ the Cretenfian. The embaflsgeoftbcEpirots.phid with 
 both hands, meaning to deal roundly and (imply with no fide, but to go between the bark and the 
 tree. Gladly tbey would make court to tbe King and curry favour with him, but lo, as they flood 
 " in good terras llillwiththe Romans, whom tbey were loth to ofiend. For their requeff to him 
 "was, that he would not draw them without great and important canfe into the quartell, confi- 
 •' dering that they for the defence of all Greece lay open and cxpofed to haly^ and were lore before 
 '' others to feel tbe Romans fingers, and receive their firft aflaults. But in cafe he were able of 
 *' himidf with his forces by land and fea to delcnd Epjrus, and furnilh it.with garrifoos fufficient, 
 *■ they would with heart and good will accept of him and his into their Cities St port-towns; but ^ 
 " if fo be he could not elFcft that, tbey befbught him not to oSer them, naked and unarmed men, 
 •' to the violence of the Roman wars. Their drift was in thatcmbaffie (as it appeared^ that if the 
 King and his forces came not into Epims (as they rather thought nay then yea)tbey might rcfcrVe 
 tbemfelves and all they bad, fafe, entire, and at their own liberty for the Roman armies, and win ^ 
 withall the Kings good grace in t^iat tbey fecmed to make an offer to deceive him : or if any catn« 
 indeed, yet they might conceive good hope to find favours, and have pardoo at the Romans hands^ 
 in that they had not expefled their fuccours being fo fat oft,but rather yeeldcd to the forces ofAu- 
 tiachfit being prefent there in perfon. In fuch fort tbey carried tbemfelves in their embafsage fo 
 perplexed and intricat, that the King knew not well bow to anfwer them readily.- but (aid, that 
 ne would fend his own Embafsadors unto them for to parle and treat of all affairs pertcining in ^ 
 common as well to them as to him. Then went he himielf into B<eetia, which countrey in colour 
 and (hew pretended thefe CEufes of anger and ipight againft the RomanSjtbat before I have men- 
 tioned, to wit, the murder of Barcil/M, and tbe armies by .Q»»«f/«y levied againft Coronea, occi- 
 fiooed by a mafsacrecommiteduponRoman (buidicrs: but invcrytruih this was the reaibn. 
 The fmgulacdifcipline and order of that nation in old time, was going downward and endlong 
 
 Oiany
 
 The fix and thirtieth Boo\ ofT, Livius. 720 
 
 - many years and ages already, and the popular government of many, grown to decay and rain, 
 '^ which cinnotpollibly continue long without fome change anJ alteration of State. \Ve'il,toThe- 
 i>es he came, where all the principal and chief Stats of B,t9tia cime flocking from all parts to meet 
 hiffi.- Wherein theGcneralBictandCounccllof that Nation (notwithftanding he had founded 
 thebattell, and began the fray already by giving the fird blow, in that he hid forced the Roman 
 garrifon nect Del'ttm indCha/cit, which were no Imallfigns nor doubtfull overtures of war,yet 
 hebegan with the fame kind of I'pcecb hefirftufcd inthepsrk and conference at Chalcii, and 
 which his Embilladots bad followed in the general aflembly of the AchasanSj namely, demand- 
 ing that they vvculd enter into amity with him, without proScfling themfelves cpj i.ies to tha 
 Romans, or pretending honility againd them. But there wasno man there bat kv>n found him 
 ind law him welenough:howbcit there palled an aft and decree in favour of the Kingagainll the 
 B Romans, under a vain and flight pictsxt and colourable fhew of words. Having gained this nati- 
 on aUb,be returned (.. Chalcis,hom thence hf lent out his letters before unto the Ststes of the Amo- 
 lians,thatthe)nioDld meet him in DemctriM,wbtrehc would confer and conlult with them of all 
 their affiirs to oe managed; and thitbcr came he by (eaat the day appointed, .yimintader i[(o wns 
 lent for out of Atham^iiia to thisconlultation, yea, and hnmbit tiie Carthiginian( whofe counfel 
 was not rcqaircd a longtime^ Was prelcnt at this frequent Diet and AlTembly. Mucbparleand 
 great opening there was as touching the nation of the Tlieflsliar.s j and all there in place wercf 
 of opinion, tbst they ftiould be (bunded bow they ftoodiffcdcd .■ but about the ma ner and fon.e 
 circumlUiice thereof, they were of divers mindj, while fome advilcd it to be done and CKecuted 
 out ot hand ; oth-'ir-i thought good to put it off from winter (eilbn (conriderirg now they were in 
 the mids tfaereofj unto the prime and beginning of fpring : others again laid, that EmbiflaJors 
 ^ only fliould be fent : and fome hot-fpurs there were, that gave couniell to go againft them with 
 allrhcir forces, yes, and to tVight and terrific themif they imJenow halt. Novv when all the 
 kcot and diffiGuUyofthis deliberation confirteth in one point, nww/o-.e/ was reqaelled byname io 
 deliver his mind and fpeakto the caufdinqueftion.- who turred the King and all that were 
 p:cfent from other wandrmg cogitations ,and induced them to t he entire confideration of the to- 
 tall war jand to this efiPcft framed his fpeech in this wife. " Ifiincethetime that we palled over Tfa- fptfchJ^oJ 
 " into Grecee, my hap had been to be called to any councell, when as fome queftion was touching -^ns-*"'" 
 •' E»^<t(t, the Acha;an; andthe Bacotians, I had. delivered thu advice thenj which now I pur- 
 pole to utter this day in the qucftion conccrnins;tbe Theffilians. Above all things my coonfell is, 
 '■' tbit Phi/ip and the Macedonians may tiy all means poffible be wrought tothisour aflbciation 
 D«inthcwar. I. r as touching £*i^x»,- the Bxotians and the Thcffalians, whodoubterh, butthtt 
 " they (as nations that Hand upon their own bottoms and are of no force l?y themfelves) willal- 
 *' waies flatfer them that are prefect in place, and be ready to crave pardon upon the fame fear 
 '■thatthey everA-iCW when they are to take couniell and rcfolve? v ho doubteth (Hay j but (o 
 "foon as they fljal fee the Roman array it>(jrrir£-<r,they will to turn to their accultomed obedience, 
 " and thsic it will be imputed to them no fault at all, thit when the Romans were fo tar off, they 
 '' werenot willing to try the force of you( i pniffant Prince in perfon among them) orof your ar- 
 *' mies ? How much rather ought we then, n3y,how much 'oater aad more important would it 
 *' be,lojoyn 9f)Uipantoas then thcle? For if be once enter into the cade and be fsenina^Sion.he 
 •'cannot poffibly Hart from us nor draw his head out of the collar .• and moreover, hebringetb 
 £ «' that power with him, which is not to be held for a fitrple fuccour & addition to mend our forces, 
 * but fuch as lately of it lelf without the help of others, was able to make head againft the Roman 
 •* puiflTanceXet me have this prince on my {iie,and(be it f pokcn without offence of any man here) 
 *• what need I doubt of the fequel Sc ifTue ? efpccially when thof:?,by whofe means 5c afHlf ance the 
 •'Romans prevailed agaioft Philip^l fee now ready to v-nter the field againCl them? The j£tolisnj 
 '* CI lay) who as ail the world kno weth vanquilhcd Philip, fhall now together with Phihp, enter 
 " into arms and fi^ht againll them. Ovcir and belldes, Aminandsr «nd the whole nation of the A- 
 *' thamans ( whof'j ltvicc in the w.r, next to the ^Etolians, fto jd the Romans in beft ftead)(lull 
 •• be oo our iiii,Philip at that iime(0 King -^a//(7r;&»«)rulteined the Hght and burden of t hs whole 
 " Wit, when you fatftill andftirred not : now both of you together, two moll mighty monaicbs, 
 p *•' with the puitlancc of all A/ia and EHrope,(\iz\[ wage war againft one City and people, which(to 
 "ipcak nothing ofmine own fortune gooi or bid) certainly in ourfathers daies wa^not ableto 
 "niakcthcir part good with one only King of the Epirots ; how hardy foever thsy wdi be when 
 ••they flialba matched witbyou both together. But what moved mc to think, yea,and alTured me, 
 *' that Philip may 02 won unto us to joyn in this ailioa.'Oac thing is this, a common good and be- 
 "nefit even the greatell bond that isof fociety :aQd yet thereis anothersbehdesit,namely,an 
 "inducement proceeding from you that be here of ey£/o//4 .-for TAo^vyonr Embaflidor('wbo 
 ** (is prefent in place jamong other matters that hi was wont to ailed;; for to animat 5c and move 
 *« Antiechus to come into Greect^ evermore alTured him of this principally ,and vowed thit I'hilif 
 "grumbled, bit thelipandfreted, that under the colour and fliovv of peace, there were impoled 
 gUpon him hard conditions of fervitude and flavery. And he verily, I mean T/j£)<«.(etout ths fell an- 
 •'gcroftheKing,aad with all his words compared it to tbc wood r.ige of a wildbtaft bound with 
 ««chain$,or being endofed in fome cge.would wilUngly break thegates and bars thereof. Now, if 
 c^ he ba ditpofed thus, and of that courage, let us burll his bonds afunder, let us (\ lay) force open 
 *-' bis iron cage, that bis rige pent up lo long may now break out upon the common enemies. And 
 
 luppofe
 
 jMo 7 he fix and thirtieth Book of T. Livius. 
 
 «< (nppo(c rbat our emGaflageetfeft notbingiThis haods,yet may we provide and take order.tbat H 
 "it we c nnot work and win him to fide with our felves, yet that he fiiall not combine and band . 
 " with our enemies.Yout lonSeUuctu is now '<xLjfimachia,v:ho ftial not !'o foon with thole forces 
 " which he bath about bimjbegin to invade and waft(by the way otT/7-<ic«i)the confines dt Ma- 
 <f cedottjMi be {hal withdraw and turn Philip clean away (from giving (ucccur to the Romars)to 
 *' the defence cfpeciahy of his own.Thus have you heard mine advice as touching Philip: no w tor 
 "the whole courfe and managing of the war,whac mice opinion was jyou have not been ignorant 
 " cf f'om (he firft beginning.lf tben,I might have had mine own wsies. and my counltll had been 
 "taken, the Romsnj iliould not have received inielligencesofthetakingof C^^/<:^i in Eul>£4, 
 "norofehef rcir.g and winning of a little pile upon £/«r/^<« 5 bat they b d heard by this, that all 
 
 lombfrdy. '« the coaU ottheLiguriansandofthe * Cifalpine Gauls was up in arms and on a light fire of war,- i 
 " and(' which would have feared and frighted shem molt) that Annibd was in Italy. And(now 
 '' things Itanding as they do) my advice is, that you fend for all your forces both by land and fea. 
 '' Let your car. iks and hulks with viftuals and provifion follovy after your atmado & (hips of war. 
 '' For in this place, like as we are too few to perform any m ^rtiall exploits, fo we are too m !ny, 
 '' confidering our fmal (lore ot viftuals. And when you rallied and united all your force together, 
 " divide your navy in two partj.-the one you (hall keep in the rode oiCorcyr<i.,Ko impeach the Ro- 
 ^'- mans, that they fhall not pafle in fafety and fccurity, the other you (hall caufe to (ail unto that 
 " coaft of Italy which looketb toward Sardinia and Africk^ Your felf in proper perlon, with all 
 
 ' "ybur land army fhall march onward into the territory ofthe Byllionesubenca (hall ye have good 
 
 " means for the defence of 6r««, rs making the Romans belcevc, that your are upon the point j^ 
 " to pafs the Teas, yea, and being ready indeed to cro(fe over if need (houlJ require. This gene- 
 " rally is my connfelljmine I (ay,wbo as I will not take upon me a fingul r skill in all kinds of war> ; 
 *'■ fo me thinks I (hou'.d know how to war with the Romans, as bavmg learned my skill thereby , 
 *'as welltomycoftasadvantage^and as much with tDy!^;ood asharm,& look what(oeverdefign- 
 " mcnt I have projeQed unto you, Ipromife and prore'.i, thitl will be faitbtuil and forward in 
 « the execution thereof: and the go4sopprove;indblc'ile thatcourfe, which your felf (hall think 
 « the be(l. To this efJeft, in a manner, was the oration of hnnihd dii efted ; which all that were 
 in place and heard it, rather praifed for the prefent- . hen put it! praftife and efifeded afterwards, 
 Tor no one thing was done of all that he had faid, fa vc only Amochttt^em Pelyxemdasion navy 
 and army out of ^/?<» ; yeS:,thete were Embadadors alio difpatched to the General Diets of the L 
 Theflfalians. And a day was appoimcd for Th - MtolhmtndAmfHaMdertomact the army ttPhe- 
 ra, }Nbifhtt King ^ntioehm came (Vregbt afttr with his power. And whiles he ftaiedthere,ex- 
 fC&.iog'^minandfr and thei£tolij'?$,he fc^t oi>J QncPhtl'p aMegapoiitan,with two thoufand men 
 to gather out the bones andreliqusi ot ihc Msccdonians about Cy»ofcephal£,\nhQxe the war with 
 Philtp was determintd, and 'be qua- : c i dccid..d by a famous battell •• were it that therein be fol- 
 lowtu his own hca:"' and took a c nc .if. thci :by to tvind himfelt into grace and favour with the 
 Macedonian Nation, and *'• >ring thi Kine irtoobloquic and difgracejbecaufe he left his fouldiers 
 unburied ; or that, as it is the vein ( or vaii;t ;. rather; engraffed in Kings by kind, he fct his roipd 
 and bufied bis (piriis in matters, for apparence ga; and noodly, but in cfFeft fond &• foolifl-,. There 
 he made a mount (as it were j of a number ot boncs yat tiered together into one place,tb i lay fcat- 
 tcringand ftreved here and there ; athir.gnoduub;)thacthe Macedoniansconnedbimnothank 
 for, and which Philip (you ma v ! le (ure) took in foui (corn and malicious difdain. And thcrfore 
 Phiitp, who at that time mlr-drd to take counfcll of Fortune, and to be direiflcd by her, as (lie en- 
 dined now, (ent to Marciu BaUw the Vice-Pretor,afid advcrtifed him, how Antischtu invaded 
 • T/;f/^//V,3nditif plca(edU(Ui to (tit out of his winter habour,be would meet him,tbat they might 
 confer both tcgct bei what were faeft to be done. 
 
 While AntiochiiiXvj now encamped before /"^.frrf^ where ^/»i«Wtfr andtbe.,fi(olianshad 
 joyfied with him, there came Embaffadors from Lar/^, expoltulating, Wherein the Theffalians 
 had focSended cither by deed or word, that hvjouldmoleft and trouble them with war? and ^ 
 withall befeeching him to retire & withdraw his f orces^and debate the matter(if he bad ought a- 
 gainll them) by his EmbalTadors. At the fame time they lent five hundred men in armcSjWellap- 
 pointed, under the governance of ^</)fo/offA«f,(o lie there in garifon,whobecaufe they could not 
 pals thither, by realon that all the avenues were feized and kept by the Kings forces,retutncd to 
 Scotafa.Ss for the Embafladors of the Lari(I,Eans,tl)e King made them a gracious anfwer,tnd faid, 
 Thit he was entred mto Thejfalj^ not Dy way ot bofiility to didrefle them, but in friendly man- 
 ner to maintain and eftablifh the fretdomeof the Ttcfialians. Like wife he fent an Embaffador to 
 Phera., to fignifie fo much to them and in the lame terms. But the Pherrtans giving him no an- 
 fwer again,difpatcbed unto the King an Embailadorof their own.one PafsftniM^i principal mai? 
 of their City. Who after he had pleaded the iemblableremonftrsnces to thofe, that had been ^ 
 in the like cafe alledged and laid forth in the behalf and n.ure of the Chalcidians, inthatCoun- 
 cellholden neeribeltreigbisof Emripus, and bcfides, uttered fometbing elfe with morcbold- 
 neffe and courage ; the King dilmifled him^ after he had willed them to confider more of the 
 matter, andbewelladvifcd, that they took not that counfell which anon they would repent, 
 whiles they (ought to be too wary, provident, and foriafting the future time. When this em- 
 baflage was reined at PA<fr<f, the Citizens took no longtime to deliberat, but foon relolvcd in 
 the maintenance of their faith and loialty to the Roin/^n; for to undergo whatloevec hazard 
 
 M 
 
 ;-rj. 
 
 the
 
 The five andthinietb Boo\ of T. Livius. 73^ 
 
 ^ the fortune of wsr fhould prefent unto them. Whereupon both they addreffed themfelves to 
 defend the City with all their might, and altb the King began to adault and batter the vvals on all 
 parts at once. And knowing well enough (as in truth there was no doubt) that in the ifineof the 
 ficge of that City which he firft cnterprifcd, lay the whole importance and comeqacnce of all,ei- 
 ther to make himdefpifed ever after, or feared and dread of the Theffalians, therefore be terrified 
 the beficged inhabitants, on every fide, and by all means poffible that ho could dcvife. The 
 firll aftault they luftained ftoutly and manfullyjhut afterwards ieeiP!^ many of the defendants were 
 either overturned and flain.orgrievoufly hurt and wounded, their hearts betjan to quail.- yet re- 
 claimed by the rebukes and chaltifements of their captains and leaders, and animated by Jheir ef- 
 fedualJ exhortations, to petfift ftill in their purpole and rcfolution, they quit the utuioft compafs 
 B of their wall(fceing a what default they were for want of men) and rcrired themfcives more in- 
 ward into the City, intoone part thereof, which was ftrongly fortified with a mure and lefs cir- 
 cuit and comp .f$ then the other. At the length,ovcrcoir,e with travell and calamities, and fear- 
 ingthat if they were forced and taken byafsault, the? (hould findno mercy norpardon with 
 the conqueror, they yeelded themfelves. The King following the train of vivirtory, delaicdno 
 time, but whiles the fright wasfrcfh, (ent four thouland armed men prefently to Scatufa, where 
 thetownlmenmsdc noltay, but rendred the town and thcmklvcsincontmently, having before 
 their eies the frcfh bleedmg example of the Pherxans, who tamed by mere force and wofull mi- 
 fcries, were compelled to do th ,t t lad which they oblHnatly refilled at the fitff. Together with 
 theCitvitfelf waslurrcndred aKo Hippehchns ind the Lsrifsaanaarrifon under his hand. All of" 
 Q them the King fent away without any hurt or violence offred unto their perfons : for he thought 
 therby to win the hearts and love of the Larilsxsns. Having accomplifhcd thefe exploits within 
 ten daies after his firft coming to P)&<rr4, he marched towards Cr<i»o with all his army, and at his 
 fitft coming won it. Then he reg ined and (eized Ciparaznd Metropolis^ and the borroughs Sc 
 forts about them .• fo as now all thole quarters were lubdiied and pu; under his fub/e-ftion, except 
 ^rr<jv ^nd Gjrto, Then he determined to afsail Larijpt, Inppofing, that eiihei upon the fearfull 
 terrour ofother Cities forced, or in regard of his demerit in diimifliog the gai titbn fo courteouf- 
 ly, or by the prcfent example of fo many Cities yeelded unto him, they wouldnot long perlift in 
 their obftinacy. And for to terrifie them the more, he commanded the elephants to march ia 
 the forefront of the vanguard, and approached himfelf in a fquarebattell, wirh four fides, in (acb 
 D fort as the hearts of many of the L rifssans waved in doqbtfall (ufpence, between forced fear of 
 prefent enemies, and kind regard of abfent friends. 
 
 In this time ^OT/»W#r, with the whale youth and manhood ofthe Athimans, became ms- 
 ffcr o( PelinitMm. .i/ewppas alfo withthreethoufand AL'olian footmen and two hundred horfc 
 went to Perrhoehia.vion MalUn and Cjretta by aliaultand wafted the territory of Tripoli!. Hs- 
 Wng performed thefe exploits with great expedition, and celerity, they returned toLarif* unto 
 the King, and arrived even then when as the King was in conialtation what to do with Larijfa: 
 for the councell was divided into diverfe opinions. Some thought it good to proceed forcibly, 
 md not to defer and afsail the Cities wals with fabricksand engins of battery on all fides at once: 
 allcdging that thetown bting fituated in a plain towards the cbampain field fide, might be ap- 
 E proacbed unto with eafe and inveUed every way.Others again inferred one while.that there was 
 nocomparilon between the ftrength of this City and oi'Phcra : othcrwhile that it wasnow winter 
 time, and a li^afon of the year far unfit for warlike execations,andmof^ofall other for the fiege and ■ 
 afsault of Cities. As the King thus hung in the equal! ballance of hope and dcCpair, the Emba- 
 fsadorsof PW/(«/«/ arrived, whc,^sgood htp was,beingcometo (urreoder up their town,revived 
 his fpirits and mightily comforted bis he rt. 
 
 M. 5ar&/w/ in this mean while havingparlied and conferred with P^//i^ inthe Dafsaretians 
 countrey, fent ^/>/)»«/ C/<»''<i»«/ by the common .advice of the mboth. to the luccour and defence 
 of Larijfa ' who piiscd through ^»t«^»»;, and by long jonrnics came to the top of tbofe hills 
 that command Go««'. Now this (?»««! is a town twenty miles diitant fromZ.<jr/^,<, I'catedjutl 
 Fin the very llreights of that forreltand palfe called T(r»;/)r; who having taken up a larger circuit 
 of grouodtoencampin.then was proportionable to hisnumber,and made more rtres in fhew then 
 need was for that company, gave femblanceuntotheenemie(which was the thing he aimed at) 
 that all the Roman forces were there, together with King Vhilip. King AfiUochm therefore 
 pretending unto his army, that the unleafonable winter that approached, after he had ftaycd one 
 only day before Larijfa, diflodged, and thence departed, and fo re(urned to Dewetrias, The iE- 
 tolians iikewile and Athamanians repaired to their own countries. 
 
 u^ppita, i\heit he law that the fiege was levied (which was the only cauleof his coming) yet 
 down be went to Larijfa to encourage and confirm the hearts of the allies againft the time to 
 come. And a two-fold joy there was.both becaufc the enemies were gone and had quit their coun- 
 G tti, and alio for that they Uw the Roman garrifon within their wals. King Antiochus departed 
 from Dimetrtas to Chalets, where he tell in f ^ncy and love with a dimlell of that City, daughter 
 oiCUopioleMus a Chalcidian. Now after he made means to the maidens father hrft by intercel- 
 fion of meffengers and mediators, and after by importuning him in his own perfon with earoeft 
 requcff s by word of mouthy who was very loth and unwilling to entangle & tie himfelf,in match- 
 ing her fo high above bis own calling) at length fo overcame the man, that be obteined bisdefire: 
 and as if it had been a time of letled and coDficmed peace* be proceeded to coulummate and cele- 
 
 btat
 
 ij^z J he fix and thirtieth B oo^ o/T.Livius. 
 
 brat the m rriage. And forgetting clean, how at one time he had undertaken the charge ot two H 
 aflfairs io important, to wit, the war with the Romans, and the deliverance of Greece, be paffcd 
 away thercltof the winter in feafts and bankets, and in thofe delights and pleafures, which 
 ordinarily (you wot well)follow apon the liberall drinking of wine ; yea, and when be bad tbet- 
 by rather wesried his body then fulhlledbis appetite.he gave himfclf tofleep without coropaffe.The 
 like tiot and loofe life took bold of the reft of the Kings captains, by example in all places, but in 
 £<«/•«< efpeciaily, (uch as commanded the garrilons. Nay, the very louldicrs were let loofe and 
 given over to take voluptuous waiesjand not one of them would put on armor,Ueep the watch,at- 
 tend the guaid, or do any thing pertaining to the duty and charge of a fouldier. And therefore at 
 the beginning of the Ipring.vvhcn he was come by Vhecis and CberoneA io the Re>tde^-'ooHt^yNhtiG 
 be had appointed from all pms his forces to meet.he foon perceived that the fouldiershsd (pent j 
 the winter as licentioufly as their leaders, and kept no betttr order and (treighter dilcipline. 
 Then be commanded Alexander the Acarnanian, and Mtmfpm the Macedonian, to lead the ar- 
 my to Stratus, a town in Mtolia. Himfelt having done lacrifice at Delphi to the honour ofjfal/o 
 went forward to A7d»p«iS»w. And after the Diet bolden of alUhc States of iE««//<i, in ibe way 
 which leadeth to Stmttis, along by Chalets and Ljfmachia, he encountred bis own forces afore- 
 faid, that came by the gulf of Malea- Where Mnefilechtu, a Principal Acarnanian, but wrought 
 and bought with manygiftsandprefents, not only himlelf won that nation to take part.Sc to lide 
 with the King, but alio bad drawn to his own mind and affeflion Clit-M their Pretor, who at that 
 time had the loveraign rule there, and might do ail in all. He feeing that the Leucadians ^ who 
 «e the chief of all the Acarnanians) could not be eafily induced nor brought to revolt, for the k 
 awe wherein they (food of the Romanflect, which either was with ^ttt/ias, or about Cephale- 
 »ia, went cunningly to work with them. For having delivered bis opinion in their generall 
 CounceU, that the inland parts of Acatnania were to be well guarded and defended j and that as 
 many js were able to bear arms (liould go forth wMedtomi Tyrrkeum, for fear tho(e places; 
 fliould be (eized by Anttochm and the ^tolians .- there were again fome who made anfwcr and 
 faid, how there was no fuch need th ^t all (hould be raifed and levied fo tumulcuouOy in hall ; for 
 a garrifon of five hundred men was (uf nciect. And when he had obieined that number of young & 
 able men, he placed three hundrtdof themin garrilonatMff^w, and two hundred at ijrrheHm: 
 his reach and drift was to h*ve them put into the Kings bands for hoftages. And even at that 
 time arrived the Kings Embafladors at Medio.\Nho[& embafTage being heard, they laid their heads 1 
 together and conlulted in the publick aflembly what anfwer to return unto the King. Some were 
 of opinion to continue (till in the Roman lociety : others were of advice again, that the Kings 
 offer of amity was not to be rejefted. The counfell of Cljctu was mean and iiidifJerent between 
 both, and tnerttore accepted ,to wit, that i hey Qiould addrede the £mba(fadors to the King, to in- 
 trest him that he would permit them to take a day of deliberation upon a matter of fuch confe- 
 qutncein a full Oiet of the Acarnaniaiis. In this bmbafT^ge MKeflochus, and thole of his faftion 
 were employed of fet purpoie : who having diipa;chcd mcfkngers covertly to King, toad- 
 Ycrtile him to approach the town with his forces, tiiiledouc the time themlelves, and made no 
 halt to fee forward in their embaliie. Whereupon thc(e Embaffadors were Icarccly gone forth of 
 the City, when Anttochm waseotrcd the borders, and anon fbewedhimfelf hard at the gates, w 
 And whiesthcy tSst wilt nothing of this treafon were afiighted, and in great tronble and tur- 
 moil, called theyouhbaltily to arm, he was by Cl^tus and MnefUochusXtx. into the City. Some 
 willingly ol themlelves came running abont the King.- thofe alfo that were of the adverlepart, 
 for very fc.-r J jyned with him. Whom he leciog to be afraid and terrified, heenterteined with 
 gracious woids, and lo gently handled them, that in hope of his clemency fo much divulged 
 and fpoken of .ibroad,certain States of Acarnania revolted and turned unto him. Then from Me- 
 dio he went to lyrrheum, unto which place he had fent Mneftlcchus and bis EmbjfTadors afore- 
 band-.But the treachery and deceit at Medio bsing difcovered, made the Tyrrheans more wary and 
 carefuU thenotherwilcfcarfuil, who made him this plain direft anfwer without any double am- 
 biguity, that they would admit of no new alliance, without the adviceandauthotityoftheRo- jsj 
 man Generals .-10 tney (hut their gates, and difpofed armed men upon their wals. Nowitfell 
 out very fitly and happily for confirming and encouraging the hearts of the Ac.rnanians, thatC». 
 CiUvitti lent by i;'«,».-»«r,having received a gatrilon and lome few fhips of A.PofihHmiHs^viha 
 byyJt////«/th:Le.utenant bad been .ippointedGovcrnour of C<r/)6<i/fw/.-i,was come toLff«c<»,and 
 and much comforted the Allies, and put them in good hope, who alfo gave them to underftand, 
 that M. Aciltics the Conlul had already palled the feas with his legions, and the Romans were 
 encampedjin Ihefftilj. And for as much as this bruit catried a great likelihood of truth, by reafon 
 thit the lealonottheyeat (erved now for navigation, thcKiogafter he bad planted agarn'fonat 
 Med'o and in other towns of Acarnania, departed from T^rrkeum, and pafliog through the Cities 
 cf zy£tol:a and fhocis, returned to Chalcis. q 
 
 Much about the time ^•£a?t'/>rx and KirgP<&/7/^, who bad comn.uned and devifed toge- 
 ther before (during the winter) in the Daflaretians country, hiving lent Appins Claudius int» 
 Thejfuly, for to raii'e the fiege before L<tri/4: and becaufe the fealoa then was unmeet and too 
 foon for execution of any exploit, were retired to their wintring harbours, now in the begin- 
 ning of the Spring joyned ail their forces together and came down into Thejfalj, (Now at tbae 
 xumviii Amiecbus ia Acarnnnfg.) And at tbeif iicll coming, 'T'/Wi'^ liegan to lay liege unto 
 
 Msllea
 
 The fix and thirtieth BooJ^ of T. Li vius. -742 
 
 A Mall<ea,And Bcebitts to PhacJam : which when he had forced in manner at the firft aflault,he won 
 PhefiiHS alfo with like expedition.From whence having retired hiinlelf to Atrax-,\\Q took Chyre- 
 r/<«,andfo confequently furprifed Erttium-, and after he had planted garrilons in thefe towns ihac 
 he had thus recovered, he joyned with Phd:f again lying in i-ege before M^iHaa. Upon the very 
 coming ofthe Roman army, when the townfmen had yielded tl.emieives either for fear offerees, 
 or for hope of pardon, theymari.hed joyntiy together wiih one srmy to recover thofe towns 
 whereof the Athamans were feized : to \yk-, tyE^gtKtum^Erict-j.'yM Gomphi-, Su'aia, Trtcc.uMeli- 
 ^iCij.and Phohrid : After this.they invelied PcSi^eum-, where /'/»/7/;;theMcgap:litanlay in "arri- 
 fon with five hundred footjand forty horl'e: but before they gave the aflauit? they fent a trumpet 
 to Philipto give him warningjthat hefhouldnot adventure to cry the lumolf hazard. But here- 
 
 B turned this anfwer again right {touily unto them, that he would he content to commit himlelt 
 to the Romans or the ThelfalianSihe pa{led not whccher.but put his life and eWate into the hands 
 of King Philip he never would. Now when it appeared that tbey were to proceed by force, and 
 for that it feemed that ty,mn&A. alfo at the fame time might be al'au!ted, it was thought expedi- 
 ent that the King ftiould go to I//»;»<c r, and Bmbins^^xA IHU to batter and ioreeihe townof /'tV- 
 lineum. 
 
 It fortuned at the fame time that M. AclUhs the Cof. having paffed the Teas with a power of 
 10000 foot^and 2coo horfesnd fifteen Elepharts,commanded certain choLn Colonels of foot- 
 men to conduct all the Infantry to L./r/j/^j, whiles himfelf with the Cavalry came to King Tldtp 
 before I.««!;.<c,i.Atthe coming ofthe Conful the town was yielded incontinently : the Kings gar- 
 
 C rifon was delivered, and the Athamanians wiihall. Then the Conful went from Limr:<£.i to PelU- 
 »<e«w,where the Athamans yielded firft:and afterwards Fhiltp il'io the fvlegapolitan rendrcd him- 
 felf. And as he came down from the hn^Plv/ip the King chanced to meet vvith himand in fcorn 
 and dcrifion commanded his men to falute him with thc(H!e of King, r.nd him'elf alfo by way of 
 mockage came clofe unto him, and greeting him by the name of brother P!j:l:p, fcofting and je- 
 fiingin broad terms, far unfitiing,I wot, his royallMajelly.Then washe brought before the Cof. 
 and put in ward,3nd not long after lent bound to Ron:e.h\\ the n-ailtitude belldes of the x^thama- 
 nians, asalfoofKing^^rrec^v^hisfouldiers, which were within the garrifonsofthofe towns 
 
 ' that were furrendred about that time were delivered unto Pbilip^who amounted to the number 
 of 5 coo. The Conful departed to Larljf a lo confnlt and take advice for thegenerall courfe ofthe 
 
 D whole war. And in his way there met him Embafladors from P/fr/Vz and A'fci.ropo'ii.iortotendec 
 their Ciiies-Philip having courceoufly and lovingly intreated above all other the prifoners of the 
 Athamanians.thac by their means he might win the grace and favour of that nation, and concei- 
 ved fome hope to conquer Atham^nia^ led his army thither, and fent his captives aforehand into 
 their feverall Cities. Now they were of great account and reputation among their countrlmenj 
 and wichill made report of the King his clemency towird them, and how liberally and bounti- 
 fully befides he ofed them: And Aminander verily, whofe prefcnce and majeBy had kept fome of 
 them in allegeance, fearinglclf he fhould be delivered into the hands of Phlip ( who long time 
 had been his mortall enemy ;)and unto the Romans, whom he knew tohavejulfcaufe at that time 
 to be offended with him for his revolt, departed out of his own Realm with his wife and chil- 
 
 £drcn,and retired himfelf to Aml>racia. Thus all y///;/.'w.iw.'i became fubjei^ to King Philip., and at 
 his picafure. 
 
 The Conful fojourncd certain dales at Lirif.t, efpcclally for to refrefli his beafts, which firft 
 had been fea-fick, and afterwards were tired with long travel ; and thus when he had renewed, 
 as it were,and repaired his army with a little reft and repofe,he marched to Crato. At his coming 
 thither,thefe towns,to VikyPh.-.rf.'.lus.Scotnjfa-^znd Phcra. togethcrwith King Ayitiochns hisgar- 
 rifons that lay there,were yielded up unto him. And having put unto their choice, either to be 
 gone or carry iHll with him: as many ofthem as hcfaw wiHing(,ind thofe wereabout a choufand^ 
 he delivered unto King Phihp ; the red he fent back difarmed to D.wf.'r/.t-f.Then he regained Pro- 
 frw^^and the fortreffes and piles thereabout it. Then began he to conduct forward his army to- 
 
 F ward the gulph of /l/rt/f<i:and when he approached the flraight- upon which the town 77'<j.v»74- 
 c<is fituate,all the flower ofthe youth in their armour quit the City, and pucchemfelvesin am° 
 bufli abouc the woods and paffages, and from the higher ground charged upon the Romans in 
 their march.The Conful at the firlt lent certain unto them, to p:rlnear at hand with them,andto 
 fee if they could fcare them from fuch dcfperatc outrage.- but perceiving chac they perfilfed dill 
 as they began,he commanded a Colonel with two enfigns of fouldiers to fetch a compafs about, 
 in fuel I fort, that he got between tho'e armed men and the town, and kept them from entrance ; 
 whereby he pofleffed himfelfot the City, being void of defendants. They chey that lay In thefor- 
 refl inambufh, hearing an outcry behind their backs ofthe town taken, fled backward out of all 
 parts of the wood, and fell upon the fword. The Conful then departed from Tliauffiad, ind the 
 
 Q fccond day came as tar as the river Sperchms^iad fo forward unto the territory of the Ifyp.tta.tns, 
 which he fpoiied. 
 
 Duringihe rime of thefe occurrents, Antiochus lay at Chafcis-, who by this time feeing that he 
 had gotten in Creece^ViX. the pleafute of one win[ring,lpent fo delicioufly \T\Ch4cu-,iT\d a difho- 
 noutable marriage; began to blame the jEtolians for their vain promifes, andefpecially '^/j^'if 5 
 bur Amibetl hc had in great admiration,reputing him not only for a fageand prudent man.but al- 
 fo lor a true Prophet, who foretold him of all things that then were come to pafs : howbeit tor 
 
 Sif fear
 
 y 44 '^^^ fi^ ^^^ thirtieth Boo\ o/T. Livius. 
 
 fear that his cold flacknefs might not overthrow ihat quite, which his rafh folly had begun and H 
 <nterpriied;he lent out his courriers into t/£toliay to give them warning to levy all their youth 
 and aflemble them together J and himlelf for his own part had brought thither almoft i good 
 footmen, who were made up full and furnifhedby them that aftercameout oijjiat and 500 
 horiemcn befides.To this place perceiving that there repaired fmaller numbers by many degrees 
 thanever at anytime before, and that they were but the Nobles only andfome few of their vaf- 
 fahsjwho prote(ied,that they had done their endeavor to levy out of their Cities as many as pof- 
 fibly they could: but neither by authority, nor for love and favour, nor yet with abfolme com- 
 mand, were they able to prevail or do any good with them that rcfufed warfare:) and feeing him- 
 feifihusforfiken on allfides,as wellof his own fubjeib who dragged behind in ^//i, as ofhis 
 allies who performed notthofe matters, in the hope whereof they had called him to aflift them, j 
 he withdrew himfelfvrithin iheHraightsof Thermo-pyU. 
 
 This mountain diudeih Greece in the verymiddle, like as /M/y is parted in twain by the ridge 
 of the Afp-M'itne, Onthe fore-pare ofthisftraightand forreft diThern>of)Uio>Nitdxhz North 
 lyeth Epr:is and Perrhit,bin^ Maanefiasnd The[f*ly-, alfo the Phthioii of Achd^^vaA thegulph 
 A-IaUu : but more fouth ward is difcovered the greatcft part of e/£fo/'<iand j4car»ania^Phocis^Lo' 
 cri-s->mdBaotta, together with the IOand£«^af<ijoyningclofe thereto: behind it is fituate the 
 t ouDtry of y^rr/M running into the fea iike a ptomontory,and befides it Peloponnefw.This mouH' 
 t.:in taking his beginning at Lchcm and the Ponant or Welkrn fea, reacheth through t^tolia to 
 thcLevanc or Ealierly Ocean, and is fo full ofrocks and rough crags betwen, that no whole ar- 
 mies no.norfomuch as hngle travellers lightly 3ppointed,canHnd but hardly and with much ado j^ 
 the waiesand paths to pafs through: the uracil brows and the hilsof this mountain bending to- 
 ward the e.ilt they lallOff.e; and the highefl pitch and knop thereof, is c;:lled CalltdroMosizt the 
 .; foot whcreot lyeth the valley leading toward thegulph ot^/»(/f<i, wherein the plain is not above 
 
 ihreefi.ore ^Kes bro.id. Andthisisthecnly high and port-way by which an army maymarch,if 
 ^ijefitkd. itbe not otherwircempcachcd.And hereupon it is, that the paflage is called * PyUx and of fome 
 (.be:aii!e there .ire I ouncl therein certain natural hot waters or bains ) TbermofjUi eventhat ve- 
 ry pia<"e vvhi^h is I'ofimousand renowned for the memorable death of the Lacedatmonians^more 
 liian for any worthy b.utell againit the Peifians.Here lay encamped h>7tioc!jns at this prefent(car- 
 jying nothing that mind nor relo'.uiion as thofc Lacedf monims did ) within the gates as it were 
 of the firaights, where he e*clofed and liopped the palfagebelidesj with Orong defences: AndL 
 when he had caft a double rampire and trench, yea, and raifed a mure and wall where need was 
 J whiLh to do the place afforded him great plenty offlone lying every where ) and had made all 
 hire: prefuming confidently that the Roman army would never venture nor be able to break 
 through thofe buriLadoes that way : he fent of thofe 4000 ^tolians ( for fo many were met to- 
 gether) lomc to keep a garrifon in Heiadea, fituate even before the very gullet and (freight ; and 
 oihcrsto//ip^f/i: for that he made no doubt but the Conful would alfail y/frWf*, and many 
 pofis brougf.t word that all about H)f.na was already walled. 
 
 Now the Confnl having fpoiled the territory of f/;/<«^(firft,3ndthen of Herac/ea, (where the 
 ^toiiansaidsdidnogoodand ferved to nopurpofe inthe oneplaceortbeotherj pitched his 
 (ampover-againftthe hing, even in the very mouth of the gullet, near the fountains of the hot j^ 
 vv.'.ters aforcL'id: both thole regiments above-named of the Atolians were got within the town 
 //wvj«/.^,anci there kept ihem'elves fure. hutiochus, who before he (aw his enemies, thought all 
 wa>: fjli enough and fiiffi.iently fenced, began thento fear led the Roman fouldiers would find 
 oiu fome privy paths and vvaies, thereby they might pafs and get over thofe high hils that com- 
 m.inued hiscauip: forarumour r n, that the Laceda;monians in times part were foenclofed by 
 tliC Perfian;, and of late dales alfo King /'/>/7/p was likewifc compafled and environed by thcfe 
 M.:y fame Romans. Whereupon hedifpatched a meflcngerto the ;Etolians in Heradeay willing 
 t'.icm to do him thus muchfervi.eyetin thefe his wars, as to feize the tops of thofe hils and to 
 keep them thar the Romans mi;;ht have no paflage that way. Upon this mcfl'age received, there 
 a.ofcfomcuilTentionamongthe -£toruns. Some were of mind to obey the King his will and j^ 
 conVmindmcnt,ard to go accordingly; butoihersthought better to tarry flill at HeracUa^ to at- 
 tend upon fovtnre and fee what wouldhappen: totheend, thatifthcKing fliould chance to be 
 vanquiflied by ihcConUil, they might have in readinefs their forces freQi and in heart, to fucconr 
 and aid their own Cities near at hand ; or if his luck were to defeat the Confuljthen they might 
 follow the Romans in (.hale, when they were disbanded and fcatteredafunder. Both parts, thus 
 divided as they were, not only perfiftedfliil in their feveralldefignments, but alfo put the fame in 
 e&etutionbv themlclves. Foitwothoufandofthem remained at HeracUa 'the other two thon- 
 t'rd parted themielves three vv.iics,nameiy, to CalUdromos^ to Rhodumia^ and Tichwi (thefe are 
 the oamos of three prim ipall high hills; ) and each company rook and held one. TheConful 
 whenhefaw th.u the j€tolians wefe poflefled of thefe higher places, kmAt. PorciiaCato 2nd q 
 L. F.lcnut Fhccfts, two ofhis Lieutenants ( whoboth had been Confuls) with two thoufand 
 (.hofinmenafiainfl thefe holds of the ittoliaiis, to wit, Fhccus agalnft Rhoduntiti and Tichinst 
 and C^to againit C.illui'omoi: himfelf before that he advanced his battell againfl his enemies, 
 tnadeabrief fpeech unto his fouldicrs in this manner : *'Myfou!diers, I fee that the moft part 
 '.' of you even of every quality and degree, are they that in this very Province fometimefcrvcd 
 •'* un ier the conJudl,charge, and government of T.C^h ntius in the Macedonian war.Theftriights 
 
 ' of
 
 ^rbe fix and thirtieth Bno\ of T. Livius. ha^ 
 
 A " oftbatpaflaget.icD^ear the river ^a/«, wercf rmcrcdirfii-uittogaiDaDd get over than this 
 "is; fortierearevery j;ates, yea,and onenaturail wjy(asii were) to pafs throngh, asifaJJeJfc 
 *' were Hopped up between two feas.Thac werem^reltrorgcr dt ences andfcocces againft them 
 "atthattime,ind thoie planted in places moie convcn tnt . ndLcmmcJicus.Thearmy ofthee- 
 '' remies then.wasboth tor number greater & tor mcnS: louK iers mui-h bttier ; for therein were 
 "■ theMacedoniansvtheThracians,.ind the lllyrianijallmoli tierce and warlike nations: in this are 
 *' Syrians and AliatiLk Greeks, or hair Aiians, the voincr. kind ol people ouilothers, and born to 
 •• ferve. The Kmj;ihere,i namely Pi.il,f\i moh noble warrior cxcrJied and inured cverlrcm his 
 "youth in the neighbour- wati of theThrji-iansand lllyrians, S; ail the nations be rdering upon 
 *'him: but this >t/»r/e^/j»A«(to lay nothing of all his lite bclidc^^ is he,whobeijg tome onoi Afm 
 
 ^'-^'ixilo Enr-ope, for to make war upon the people ot Ronjc hsth done all the ionf wintertime no- 
 " thingmore memorable than this, That for to pleafe his wanton 1u!l he hat! taken to wifethe 
 *• daughter of a privat perlon ; a man(I fay^ of low degree and bafeqtulity amon^ other Citizens : 
 " & this new married manifedfac and frankcd(a;- 1 may ;o fay)vviih dainty fnppcr&delicubride- 
 "bankets,isi.omeforth('torfooth)io hghtabattell. His wholi;l;rLngthandailhi;> hope hath been 
 " in thei£tolians,a people of all others mot vain, unconHant, and unth3nkrull,asye have tried 
 *' hereroforcand ^■i/.rwc/ji*) hndeih true at chis prelent.For neither affembled they in great mim- 
 "ber nor polUble was it to keep them together in the camp: n.iy, which mcreis.theymuiinea- 
 " mong themfelves, and ha^ ing demanded and required the guard of Hypa:a and Hcraclea^ they 
 '• have dctcnded neither the one nor the ether. Some of them are fled to the topscf themoun- 
 
 C >•' tains ; others have fhutthcmfeUes within //fr<?(r/<'..'. The King himfelf hath confeffed plainly, 
 ''that he was never fo hardy as to meet in plain field and aft'ront the enemy, no,norlo much as to 
 " pitdi his camp in open ground ;in that abandoning all thatconntry beforehim which hevauii- 
 " ted and bragged that he had taken from us and Phihpthc h:.th hidden himielf among the rocks. 
 " He hath not encamped before cheentranceof the gullet and {tr.iighis( as the fame goeth of the 
 " Lacedimonians in timespall)but pitched his tents far within. Andtobewray his cowardly 
 "fear, Whatdifference is there between fo doing, and houf.ng himfelf within the walls of fome 
 ''City for to bebelieged ? But neither flull thole narrow (^raights fa\e him no more than thofe 
 <' fteep hills defend the iEtolians, which they havefeized. This one thing hath been forecalt and 
 "provided for on all fides, that ye fhall have nothing to make head againll:, but your enemies, 
 
 D " Now mud yerefolve upon this point, That ye fight not only for the liberty of Greece ( and 
 ''yet even this alfo were a brave and honourable title, tobe faidfoi'iodeliver the fame now out 
 *■ of the hands of Afitiocbtu and the ^tolians, which before you freed trom King Philip ) nor 
 " that ye fhall have no other reward and recompence for your pains, but that which we fhall hr.d 
 '' now in theKiogscamp, butalfothat the great provihon and furniture whichdaily isexpe6led 
 "from £;)/)f/«^,fliall be your prize and booty, and that ye fliall hereafter make a way for the Ro- 
 dman Empire into AyT^j.-S'/j-Zi*, and all thofe moft wealthy and rich Realms, even as far as to the 
 "Levantfun. And what fhall let us then, but that from G.^^.-j to the red lea we hound and hmic 
 "out itate andDominion,even with the very 0:ean that environerhand compafleth the round 
 " globe of the earth ? What fhall hinder us, I fay, bin that all the nations of the wor'd Hiall ho- 
 
 t." nour and woifliip the Roman name next Mnto the immorcill gods? Prepare your heai t s tbere- 
 '" fore and courages anfwerable to fo high rewards, thai v\ith tlie leave and help of the cods we 
 "may to morrow fight afield. After this fpeech the affLmb.y brake up, and ths fouldiers being 
 difmilTed, made ready their armor and weapons, befo:e they took repaid orrepofe. And in the 
 DO orning,by dawning of the day^the Conful put out the fignall of battell, and let his army in arr^y, 
 •with a narrow and pointed front^according to the nature and flraightnefs of the place. TheKirc 
 feeing the enfigns of his enemies, led forth his forces like wife. Part ofhis hght armours he plan- 
 red before the rampier and trench in the forefront, thenhe placed the flower and (Ircngth ot the 
 Macedonians,whom they call Sanlf"ph9ri, i.e.VikcmcOifov ihc furety andfafeguard of his defen- 
 ces and fortifications. And to flank thefe on the left [.de^he put the archers, the flingers of darts, 
 
 •f and flingets of Kones, hard upon the foot of the hil, that from the higher ground they might al- 
 
 failand pelt the naked fides of thecnemies. On the tight flankof theleMacedonians atthc very 
 
 edgeand point of the mures ar,ddefences,whichas they wereencloledand mounded with thofe 
 
 places which reach to the fca, and areunpaflable by reafon ol the bogs, muddy marilies, quag- 
 
 , mires, and qukkfands, he let the Elephants with their ordinary and uiuall guard. After them his 
 
 j^ior emcn and men of arms. Then 'caving an indifferent fpare between, he ranged the red of his 
 
 ^forces in the fecond ward or midd c battaillon. The Macedonians who were beliowed before the 
 
 camp and the trench,3t the firlf fuftained tbeRomans eafily enouj.h (who affaied on every fide to 
 
 make an entry } for much help they hid of them, who from the upper ground weighed buhets out 
 
 of their flings, as thickas anhaililorm, who lan:hed darts alfo, and (hoc arrows befides. But 
 
 ^ when as afterwards greater numbers of enemies prefled upon ihem, and charged them with fuch 
 violence as poflibly might not be endured, they gave ground, and retired within rheir fortificati- 
 ons, keeping yet their array and theirranks whole. And then from the rampierihcy made ( as't 
 werey another pallifado with their long pikes tLat they held out afore them. Now the height of 
 their camp-mure was forealonabie, that -^.s it afforded fome rife and vantage of ground fortheir 
 own men to fightuponit, fohy reafonofthe length of their pears, they might reach the enemy 
 tinder them, Infomuch as many of the Romans approach" n^ rafhly , and venturing to clamber up, 
 
 Sfl 2 were
 
 y 4^ ^he fix and thirtieth Boo\ ofT. Livius. 
 
 were run clean through : and either they had given over and done nothingjor elfe more of them H 
 had died for it, but that M. Porciut Caco having beaten from the top of CaHidromus the iEioli- 
 ans, andflainagreatpartof them(for hefurpriied them fuddenlyac unawares, arid uiolt of them 
 faft afleep ) appeared upon the hill thatcommandeth the camp. Ilaccns fped not lo well at Ttchi- 
 wxand i^/jeiZ/a^Jt^^jwho laboured to get up thofe cliffs and holdsjbut to no purpol'e.The Macedo- 
 nians and the retl: that were in the Kings holt and camp, atfirft, when theydefcried afar off no- 
 thing but a mu-diude and number marching, imagined verily, that they were the ^tolians, who 
 having difcovered the battell and fight a good way off were coming to aid them. But fofoonas 
 they beheld and dilcerned near at hand the enfignes and armour of the Romans they took them- 
 felves in their ownerrourand were upon a fudden ttrucken with fuch fear,that they all flung their 
 weapons away,and fled. But both their iortifications and defences in the way.&alfo the narrow- 1 
 nefs of the vale through whiih thsy were to be purfued, hkidred the Romans in following the 
 chafe. And the Elephantsabove ail which were in the rereward took up the ground io^ as that the 
 footmen could hardly pafs by them, and the horfemen by no means poffible ; fo affrighted were 
 the horfes,and caufed more trouble and diforder among themfelves,than they didduring the bat- 
 tell.Befides the Romans ftaid lometime behind,whiles they rifled and ranfacked the camp.How- 
 beit they had the enemy in chafe that day as far as L^-Z-eww, killing and takingin the very way,not 
 only many horfes and men, but alfo flaying the Elephants which they could not take alive ; 
 which done they returned to their own camp,which that day had been affailed by the .£tolians, 
 who were of the garrifon of Herac/ea; but that enterprife, asit was exceeding bold and auda- 
 cious, fo it took no effeft at all. The Conful having at the reliefe of the third watch the night ^ 
 enfuing^fent before his Cavalry to purfue the enemy, advanced likewiie the enngns of his legions 
 forward by break of day. The King by ihis'time had won fome ground, and got a good way be- 
 fore ; for he never «ave over galloping with bridle in horfe neck, untill he had recovered EUna. 
 Where BiR he gathered together the broken ends of his army thus difperfed in flight, and fo ha- 
 vinTallied a fmall and poor troop of fouldiers, and the fame armed by the halfs, heretiredto 
 Chalcu. The Roman Cavalry was not able to overtake the King himfelf at ElatUi^ but overthrew 
 and cut off a great part of his army, which either for wearinefs refled themfelves dragging be- 
 liind or elfe were fcattered one from the other, as mifling their way in thofe unknown quarters, 
 going as they did without their guids : and fectingalide five hundred which kept about the King, 
 there was not onethacefcaped of the whole army.VVhich was but a fmall number in proportion L 
 of ioooo,(if they were no more) for fo many Caccording to Polybius ) we have written that the 
 Kino condufted over with him for his part imo Grcece.\Nhzx. were they then to that great power, 
 which (if webeleeve Valerius Antias) came with the King for he writeth that he had in his hoft 
 threefcore thoufand, and thatforty thoufand were flain of them, and above five thouland taken 
 prifoners,with the lofs of military enligns two hundred and thirty. Of Romans there died in all 
 a hundred and fifty- 
 
 As the Conful marched with his army through Fhocis and Bosma, the States and Cities which 
 were privy to the revolt,and partly culpable,(lood without theirgates with their infules and veils 
 in token of peace? and craved mcri.y, tearing they fhould have been pilled and ranfacked as ene- 
 mies. But his hoft journeyed ev ery day as in a peat eable and friend-country, doing no hurt or j^ 
 wrono to any earthly creaturejuntill they were come into the territory ofCoro»<j: where the Sta- 
 tue or Image oi Amiochns erected in the Temple oi Minerva lioyisa kindled theircholer, and the 
 fouldiers were permitted to fpoil the country lying about thatTemple.But bethinking themfelves 
 that (confidering the laid Statue was fet up with the publike conlent oi i\\ Boeoti a )it vi is zn in- 
 dicnity todeal fo hardly with that territory only o^ Corona, the fouldiers were immediatly called 
 in and reclaimed, at:d fo they ceafcd the wading and fpoiling thereof The Baotians only had s 
 check and rebuke by words , for carrying fo unthankful 1 hearts to the Romans.of whom they had 
 fo lately received fuL h high favours and benefits. 
 
 At the very time of the battell aforefaid, there rode at an.hor ten fhips of the Kings, in the 
 oulph o^.Malear\t:i'c toT/jrow/w, under the charge and condudof Iftdorus.lo which place Alex- jj 
 °K^ rthe Acarnanian, being fled from the conflift, frefli bleeding and full of grievous wounds, 
 brought news o^ the unfortunat fight. Wherupon the fhips in great fear for this late terrour,made 
 hafte and away to Cenetmt in Eubda, where Alexander died, and was interred. But three other 
 fhips which were come cjc of v</»<i,and lay in the fame rode, upon the news of the defeat of the 
 army returned to Ephef's.had Ifidorus crolfed the feas from Ceneum to Difw? f r/<«^,if peradventure 
 the King were fled thither.Aboutthat very time, y^. y^;r/7/«j the Admiral ofthe Roman navy in- 
 tercepted and furprifed great flore of the Kings ptovifions, which hadpaffed already theftraights 
 rear the Ifland Ay.Aros, Somefliips he funk, others heboorded and took: as for thofe that came 
 hindmofl in the rereward, they turned fail and fliaped their coiirfe into y4/?^.Afr///«jbeing retur- 
 ned to /^;>-<ew»a(from whence he came) with a fleet of fhips taken from the enemies,divided great Q 
 flore of corn both among the Athenians,ard other allies alfo of that country. 
 
 hntitchus fomewhat befoje the Conful his coming, loofed from Cbalcii^ and firft fell with the 
 Ifland Tf>7«r,ard afterwards failed to Ephefus. Againfl the Conful his arrivall at Chalets the gates 
 were fet open for him, and Av//?c"/e the Captain therefor the King, quitthe place upon the ap- 
 proachment ofthe Conful. In like manner other Cities in £«^<«,j yielded without refiftance. And 
 fo within few daies( when ail troubles were appeafed and fet in quiet order without the hurt and 
 
 damage
 
 The fix and thirtieth BooJ^ofTAJivhs. 74-7 
 
 A damage of any one City)the army was brought ba^k to T/frwr/j^/.fjand wan much more honour 
 and commendation for the modeliyufed alter \iciory,thanfor,the vii5lcry it felf. 
 
 From thence the Con(uidi:patLhed MX.':toio ^o»/f ,by who'e certain and fiiro relation, the Se- 
 nat and people might have full knowledge of all the affair- that had paflcd. Who takin" feaac 
 Crexft(i port town of Merchandife (larding within the inmoli gulph o- C'r'«f/';arri\ed ziPatre, 
 aCity in ^/(r»<c^.From Patnt^ht coalied along the rivers o'it/£toliii and Acarnxma^ as far as Cor- 
 phih and fo cut over to ' HydrHntiim m Iialj. from whence tie t! aiellcd by lard, and inexceedino 
 great hade within five daies came to /Jowe. Ear.y in the morning hetore d.^y iinhthc entred the * "'"" 
 Ciry,and from the gate rode dire£tly to M.'juniM the Prxtor, vvho afiemb^'cd The Senat t-etimes 
 bythe break of day: and thither, L.Cor;.T/;>«5f//!/9 f vvho fomedaies before had been difmilTed 
 
 B »nd fent away from the camp by the Conlul ) hearing at his firft coming that c mo was got before 
 himjand in the Senat repaired.even as he wasrelating the rews. Then thefe two Lieutenants by 
 ihe commandment of the Senat were prelented in the generallalTemcly of the people, where they 
 declared the fame which they had done before in the Senat houfe, as touching the deeds atchie- 
 ved in tyEtolia. And ordainedit was that a folemn procelTion for three daig^ f.iould be holden, 
 and that the Prxtor fl^ould facrihce forty head of greater beads, in the honour ot wh:.t gods he 
 would himfelf. 
 
 And at thefame time M.Fulvitu Noldior-, who two yers before went as Pritor into the far- 
 ther 5/><»/«,entrcd the City in pomp of an Ovation;0r petty triumph. He canftd to be born before 
 himof filver bigats 1 500CO. And befides that, diver in coin and ready money, i^ooopound 
 
 C weight. Aifo in gold the weight of i 27 pound. Acdius the Corfiil ftnt certain meflengers from 
 T/jfrwo/))-/.!: tothe^Etoliansat HeracUa^ to advertifethem that beiorehe came they would now 
 at lafl be wifer,and bethink ibemfelves (after Uich experiene of the King his vanity and infn'Bici- 
 ency^fono deliver up Her^ich^t, andcravepardon of the Senat, eitherTor their vvihiili folly, or 
 their blind eirour. Who ufed thefeandfuch like motives and inducements unto them namely. 
 That other Cities likewife of Greecf (during this war)abandoned the Romans and revolted from 
 them, at whofe hands they had received lo many benefits-- yet became that after the Kin^ was 
 fled ^ upon whofe aflurance they had difloyally broken their allegeance ) they Hood not ou^ dill, 
 nor perfilted obdinatly in their fault and follyjWere received to mercy and protedion.The iEto- 
 lians likewife albeit they followed not the King, but fent for him, and were rather conducters and 
 
 D leaders, than companions and aflbciats in this war, yet if they could take up in time and repent, 
 they might be pardoned andfaved. But no anfwer returned they tending to peace :nay,itappea- 
 redthat the matter would come to a triall by arms, and tor all the King was vanquidied, vet tiie 
 jEtolian war was behind as wholly and entire as before time. Whereupon the Confuldii]od<'ed 
 from ThermopjU, and marched direi'tly againd IJeracUa •■ yea, and the very fame day he rode on 
 horieback all about the walls to view the (ituation oftheCity.This HeracUnisinitd at the foot 
 of the mountain Off ^:& though the town it felfffandeth in a plain,yetafortrers it hath built up» 
 on an high ground, which as it overlooketh the City,fo it is fo deep on every fide, th:c it is alto- 
 gether inacccTible.After he had diligently beheld all things that were to be marked and known, 
 he determined to aflault the town in four places at on;e. Unto L.Fdema he gave in charge to 
 
 E plant his platforms and tobatterthat iide where the river A^o^tu. runneth, and where the publike 
 place ofexercife is built. T.Se/»pro»iits Longm had commilfion to aflail the Cad'e, without the 
 walls indeed, but yet better inhabited and more peopled (as a man would fjyj then the townic 
 felf.Onthat (ide which dandeth toward the gulph of yt/^-/^'^, which part yielded the ha rded ac- 1 
 
 cefs,he appointed M.Babms'Knd from another prety river which tbeycall * /l//-/.?* .he fct Appius ,BUck mm 
 C/.!/,^'.Y/oppohte ag-inll the Temple oiDiuu:. Through the great indudry and earned labour of 
 ihefe four gallunts, driving who could perform the bed fervice, the work went fo well forward, 
 that within few daies the frames and platforms, the Rams and all other engins of battery meet 
 for the artault of Cities were finillied. For belides that the territory about //rr.?, /.».:, bein^a 
 moory ground and full of tall trees, afforded them plenty enough of timber to frame and per- 
 F form all forts of fabricks : thehoufes alfo in the entry of the City without in theSnbiubsftand- 
 ing void, by reafonthatthe Atolianshad put themfelves within the walls, yielded unto them 
 not only pods, beams, joyds, planks, and boords,but bri.k. and tile, plainer, morter, and done of 
 ali dies for divers and fundry ufes. So, the Romans ad'aulted the town rather with fabricks, 
 or-Jnance. and artillery, than by force of arms : but the Atolians contrariwiicdcfended them- 
 felves by main drength and their weapons. For when as ;he walls diould be Hiaken with the 
 Ram? they caught not hold of them as the manner is with cords, andby plu-king them afide, 
 avoided their force ; but armed in great number.they carried fire with they tofltnijupon the ter- 
 race.- and the fabricks.They had belides divers vaults and arches in the walls at whiJi they could 
 readily and fitly fally out:and ever as themfelves clofcd up the breaches of their walls, or made 
 
 Q Pew for theruinat, they would remember to make more of thofe vaults d'U that in many places 
 at once ihey mightbreik forth upon their enemies. T.hus for the fird dales, whiles they were 
 trpfli in heart, they iffued forth oftentimes and many together, and quit themfelves right ludily : 
 bu aiterwardsin fewer numbers, and moreflacklyevcry day than other. For being evermore em- 
 ployed aboot many things at once, nothing fo much tamed and wearied then, as'watching. For 
 whrrea'^theRoman'^had a great number of fouldiers and one guarded after another luccciTivcly 
 by tuios i the iEcolians being fo fevv> were condrained without any change-to continue in uncef- 
 
 Sfl" X fans
 
 ^ 74^ ^^^ fi^ and thirtieth Boo\efT.hWms, 
 
 fant labour niehi and day. Thus for the fpaceofiwerty four daics-thty h;d rc refi ccTrcipitbrt'H 
 day and night was alloreucto them, maictainirgFghtflill, zndlaborrirgwithcmirteimiflion 
 againh the er.cmies that affailed the City in ail four quarters at orce.W hen iheCcnfUikntw once 
 that the yEtolians were wearied ard overtoiled ( partly by cocrticgthe t itre, ard psrt.y by that 
 which he had learned of certain fugitives ) he ufed this policy and llratagt m. About midnight he 
 founded ihe retreat, and hav ing drawn all his fou diers at once trcm the jflault, held them qniec 
 in the camp untill the third hour of the day. After that hebegantogiveatreOi chsrge.ard conti- 
 nued it unto midnight followirg, and lo gave over ^gain until! the. £me hourbeicrercon. The 
 .£tolians fuppol-rg verily that tbecaufe why they iurceafed the aflau.t, wasforveiy rvearirels 
 (like as themfelves were tired out)fofoon as the Romans had the rctreatlounded unto ihem de- 
 parted every mr.n trom his ward and quarter, as if they alio by the lame 1-gnail were railed away, I 
 andfliewed not themfelves in armor upon the walls before the third hour ot the r.cxt day. The 
 "Threeofthc Coriful having at onetime given over the battery aforefaid at midnight, began at the' fourth 
 clock in the watch a frefh aflault ?gain with all forcible means in three parts: and ar onende. hegave com- 
 raoimng. mandment to T.Semprontus to keep his men together.and intentively to obferve and \vait for the 
 fignall: alToring himfelfthat in the alarm by night, theenemies would run to thofe places ;rom 
 whence they heard thetioife.The iEtolians^mmy ofthem being found afleepjhpd much todotci 
 roufe themfelves, and were lo:;rb to rife up trom their fweet fleep, their bodies being fo weary 
 with toiling .moirmg,and watching before.Some ofthem who were yet awakeranin the dark to 
 the place where the aflailants mndeanoife. Their enemies laboured tc get into the town lome 
 by mounting over the ruins and breaches of the broken wall,others by Icalingand cliisbingwith j; 
 ladders. And againfl them the jEtolians ran from all parts,ready to fuccour and help. One quaaer, 
 whereas there Hood houl'es without the City,was neither defended nor affailed: but as there were 
 fome ready and waited for the fignal to »ive the affault, fo there was not one of the other part for 
 to refift and defend. Now began the day to.peep,when as the Conful put forth the hgnal,and the 
 fouldiers began to mount over into the City ,and found none to withflard them: fotne entred at 
 the walshahbroken down, others fcaled them with ladders where they f^ood whole and found. 
 And the cry was not fo foon heard that the City was taken but the j£tolians left their guards on 
 all fides, and fled into the Cafile, The fonldiers that had won the town were permitted by the 
 Cof.torifleand ranfackit: which was not done fo much upon anger and defpite, as in this regard, 
 that the fouldiers who had beenkept fhort& fading thuslong(notwithflandingfo many towns L' 
 recovered out of the enemies hands)might once at length in lome one place taHe the fruit of vi- 
 ctory. The Cof.having called from thence about noon, the fonldiers unto him,divided them into 
 two parts, whereof he commanded the one to cart about the foot ofthehils unto a rock or cliff, 
 which being in height equal to the Caflle aforcfaid^was notwithrt anding divided tro.T. it by a val- 
 ley between, Teeming as ifit hadbeenfometimea part thereof and cut trom it. Now thefe two 
 points of the hilsfliot up fo near together in the head that trom the top of the one,a man might 
 lance a dart into theCalile orfortrefs.The Cof.with theother balfofrhe fouldiers ff aid beneath,' 
 expeffinga fign and token from them that were to get up the cliff behind, ready ihercapon to 
 mount up from the town f.de into the fort. The vEtolians that were within the Caftle conld nei- 
 ther abide at the firff the Hiout of thofe that had feized the cliff jior afterwards the afiaultof the M 
 Romans from the City, both for that their hearts failed chem and were darned nlready, and alio 
 becaufe they were unprovided ofall neccflaries for to endure any long fiege and affault : conf^de- 
 • ring that women and children and all the other impotent multitude unmeet to bear arms, were 
 
 got thither ii?fo great numbers that the place was hardly able to receive and contain much lefs to 
 keep and maintain them : and therefore at the fir(^ afiauk they caft down their weapons and yiel- 
 ded. Among other pr'ncipalperfonages of the J£t.o\hns,D.imocrtf us sKo was delivered ; he, who 
 in the beginning of the war when T.Qniftti.-isdcfired to fee a copy of the Decree of the vEtolians 
 for the fending for yUtiocIjus^zniweted, Thathe wou'dOiewit him in //■<?/;, when the j£tolians 
 lay there encamped.For this proud fpeech of hisjthe Romans now conquerors^were the gladder 
 that they had got him into their hands. f^ 
 
 During the time that the Romans affailed Hercclea^ Philip alfo beh^ed and battered Lamiay 
 according as it was before agreed betweenthem: for ne^runto ThcrmopyU, at what time as the 
 Cof.returned out o'iBocotia, he metwith him, ofpurpofeto ilgnific his joy inthe behalf of him 
 and the people of Ron-.eSo'i their atchieved viflory ; and alforo excufe himfelf by occahon of hck- 
 nefs thathe was not prefent with him in perfon in the managing ofthe wars. From thence they 
 parted afunder,and took divers waies,forto affault thefe two Cities(as I laid) both at once: and 
 diftant they were one from the other near feven miles. And forafmuch as Lamiawi? feated upon 
 an hill therefore the town difcovered and overlooked all the country about.but efpecially on that 
 fide toward Hcr^cUa, where, by reafonthat it feemeth a lefscompafs.it reprelenteth a full pro- 
 fpeft to the eye. When as the Romans and Macedonians labouring and driving who could do O 
 better, were day and night emploied either about their fabrick.s and pioners work,or elfe in skir- 
 mifli andfight; the Macedonians found more difficulty than they, in this refpe^f, that the Ro- 
 mans werebufied in platforms,mantlets,and works all aboveground; but theMacedonians were 
 put to undermine : and oftentimes ( as it falleth out in fuch Hony and craggy ground ) they met 
 with hsrd flints and rags not minablei and fuch as no iron orflecl-tool wa5 able to touch and 
 pierce.The King feeing little good done by this means, and hiseisrerprife going but flowiy for- 
 ward.
 
 The fix and thirtieth Boo{ ofTXjivms, 740 
 
 A wardjbegantofouod thecowfifmen, and lotemptthem to reader the City, u6ng the mediation 
 therein ottheir chief Citizens whom he par.cd withall : for chi reckoning he made, that lillera- 
 clea were forced before it, they within the City would ,ooncr yicid unto the Romans thsn to 
 him,andfotheConful flTonld wm all the thank to himfcli for levying the litse. And nochini^ was 
 he fhort of" his count ; for immediatly upon the winning of ifiV>vif/i.i,ame{ier)ger came unto him 
 fromiheConful,vvillinghimto furceafe the aflanlt and thef.ege; ai'edt.ing, it was more reafon 
 that the Roman fonldiers who had fought in ranged battel! with the. ttolian^, fliould have the 
 reward and recompence of the vidcry. By this means- /..iw./-; w.ii abandoned, and by theruinot 
 //?-/-.:r/f/i her neighbour City avoided and efcaped the liketaUmity ofherown. 
 
 Some few djics before that Ueradea was won, the jf.tolian5 having aflemblt- d a Diet at Hita- 
 
 B?<» addrcflcd Embafladorsunto A>;r/o(r/>;^<,and 7/K^jamong the red. even licvvhoaloreti[T-;e had 
 been lent unco him. Hiscommilionand charge was-,hrll;l o requcH the King thjt onceaoainhe 
 would rally his forces as well by land as at lea, and inperlonpals over into t^ireece: Jecondlv, If 
 any other important affairs hindred him, yet that he wou.d fend unto them both mer and'mo- 
 ney.For as it touched his HighnclVin honour reputation and credit not to ice his aiiies abando- 
 ned ; fo it made for thelafegard and fecurity of his own Realm and royallelfate, notcofutfcr 
 the Romans (after they had onre defeated the /Etolians )to fail over into ylfii?. at their eafe and 
 pleafure, with all their for:es. Thelewcrcno fained devii.es,bi't true remr.nliran^es indeed ; and 
 therefore prevailed the more with the King. Whereupon he deli. ered money prefently to the 
 Hmbafl'ador>, lufh iert to defray thechatges of the war, and promifed iertainiy to lendmeneo 
 
 C ferve both by land and fea. T^frff alone ot all the EmbafTadors he kept (fill widi him. who was 
 not himfelf unwilling to ftay behind, be:aufe he might be everat hand to call upon the King for 
 to perform his word and behelf. But the winning of /ffn^c-Vrf killed the beats dean o! thej£- 
 tolians in the end .- and within few daies after that they had diipatched heir Embad'adors into 
 Afta^ about the renewing of the war and fending tor the King, they laid apart all defignmcrtsof 
 arms- and addrefl'td their Orators unto the Romans to cra\e peace. Who, as they began to 
 makefomefpeech, the Confulcut them off-, and raid,hehad othermaitersof greater importance 
 tothinkuponandto dirp.itch ; and commanded them to content themfelvcs with a tru^e for ten 
 daies, and to return to ^/;/>.!f»?; and with them be (cr)t L.falcriu^ F/^'cctn, unto whom they 
 fliould declare thofethingsthat they were about to deliver unto him. and whatlbevef clfethey 
 
 D had tofay.When they were arrived at f/rp if/!,the chief and prinipallYEtolianssffembled ihem- 
 lelves in the lodging of f/.(r(ra*, confuiting with him what courfe they were totakein their trea- 
 ty with the Conful. And when they went in hand to alledge the ancient rights of the leagues, 
 and to lay abroad their good demerits, and what they had done for the Rom ins: '■■ f/aecutind 
 •'them lay a ftraw there, and Ipeak nomore of the priviledge of ihofe covenants and accord? 
 "••rhich they themfelves had broken; flievv^ng unto them, that they fliouldfpeed better and 
 "gain more by a limplc confeffion of their trcfpnfs, and in rc.ourfe only to prayer and humble 
 'Mupplication ; torarmuch as ail the hope they might have o; fafety, rcfkd not in their own de- 
 * fert and goodnefs of their caufe, but in the meet clemency and mercy of the people o( Rome ; 
 ''promifing for his part toafllft them andfecond their petitions as well to the Conful as the Se- 
 
 £ ''nat of /iowf-.fince that thither alfo they mult of nece'Xity !"cnd anEmb-ifTige. This way leemcc\ 
 to them all, the bell hmply for their fafety, namely, lopiuthemiclves to tbediipof.tionanddevo* 
 tionof the Romans: for they fuppofed by this means to drive the Romans for very fli a me to 
 have regard of them & not to offer hurt or violentoutragctothem,comingin the habit of poor 
 fuppliants: and yet withall,if any opportunity of better fortune fliould in the mean time offer it 
 felfumothem to be their own Maffers neve; thelefs and at their choice. When they were come 
 before the Co\.Pha*teai the chief ofthat embalTie, made a long Oration, couching and tramirg 
 his words fundry waics right a^tificially^ to mitigite and aflwagethc wnth of the conqueror, 
 which he knit up and concluded with this fpeech, faying, That the/litolianscommitted them- 
 felvcs and all that they h.:d to liie mercy and proteifion ofthe pcnplttof Rome, When the Co*". 
 
 F heard thofe words : Seevou do fothcn indeed(qd.he)Oyc Atolians,and takeheed I advife you 
 that you deal herein I'on.iJidr.Then /'/vj'-t.w brought forth and fliewed a tair inHrumentofa De- 
 cree wherein the fame was eniirofled in plain terms. Vince that ^qd.he again)y"u mean good ear- 
 neff,3nd are at our difpofition I demand that ye deliver unto me out of hand D/rar-trt/W aRatef- 
 manof yours,and Mrriztnso^. Ef-rns^ (whobeing entred into N.mpMMm with a garrlfon, had 
 compelledthe City to revolt ) alio yinii'-a'rdcr inA all the Nobles of the Athimaos, bywhofe 
 counfell and fnggeflions ye fell from us and rebelled. P'.wc.ts interrupted the Cof before he had 
 vrel! made anend of his fpeech, We yield not our feh'es(qd.he) to be your \ illains and flaves,buc 
 as al'ies to be protefted by you: nnd I am verily perfwaded you know not what youdo.ro impofe 
 thofe things upon us aeainft all the manner and cuftome of the Greeks. The Cof. replied again; 
 
 Qlngftod faith, I pa fs nor (qd.he^ greatly what the yEtolians deem well or ill done according to 
 thefafhionsofthcGreeks ; allthe whiles that 1, after the cuHome of theRomam, havethat 
 powerand command over them, whoercwhiie byvertueof tbe'r own decree yielded unto us. 
 And heretofore by force of our arms have been vanquiOied and fnbdued by us. And therefore, 
 unlesthat beexecuted which I command, yea,and with fpeed.mywillis^that prefently here you 
 be bonnd hand and foot: and with that he commanded chains and gyves to be brought forth, 
 and the Li6fors to come about them for to lay hold upon them. Then the flout courage both ol: 
 
 PbanciU
 
 y 50 "fbe fix and thirtieth Boo\ ofTLWms. 
 
 Phane^s and the reft of the ^tolians.was well cooled & abated;and fo at length they fiw in what H 
 poor pli°ht ihey were.Acd PhmiAs made anfwcr,TTirt both himlelf and the iEtoliar s there pre- 
 sent inprace.knevv weU.thac thole things were to be performed which wereimpofed upon them, 
 but (quoth he) there needs a Councill of the iEtoiians for to en^ft a decree thereof, and there- 
 fore he requefted the Conful to alio w a (urceale of arms only tor ten daies. Then Flacctis began 
 to fpeak for the iEtolians, and at his rcqueft the faid abrtinence was granted, andfo they retur- 
 ned to //)p?r^. When f/;.:»f<«^ had related in the privy Councill of thofeeleft peers of that na- 
 tion called y^pjr/f.'/, as well the demands that were commanded, as what had like to have fain 
 flponthemel.es in perfonj the peers fighed deeply and groaned again, to fee their milerable 
 condition ; howbeit they were all of opinion, that the vitflor muft ot neceflity be obeyed . and a 
 qenerall Parliament anemb!ed of the ^Etolian Burgeflesout of all their towns and Cities. When j 
 all that multitude wasgathered together, and heard the fame related again, their hearts lo fret- 
 ted within them at the cruelty and indignity of thofe Lordly fommands, thatif they had been 
 veil felled in pea. e, yet fuch a fit of anger had been enough to have put them into arms. And 
 to llir the tume and choler themore, the difficulty oi ctfedling the things demindcd, helped 
 well: for how poffibly could they compafs to deliver ^».'/»/i«<^fr, being as he was an ablolute 
 Kin" ? But even then there was preiented unto them by chance anew hope, For A^/(W>f^r at that 
 very time, coming (rom Klag J»tiochfis, filled the peoples heads with this vain expedation, 
 namely, that the King made v\ondrous provilion for war, as well by fea is land. This Nicander 
 havin" accompliflied his Embaflage, and made return again into e/£ro/;<!, within the compafs 
 of twdve daies, after he was embarked^arrived at PbnUra in the gulph oiMdea: froin whence jj 
 havin:;brouf;ht the monies which he had, down to L^»;;;?, whiles himlell with certain nimble 
 men and ii'^ht appointed, travelled coward //yp.'TM in the evening, between the Roman and A> 
 roliancamp, through paths that he well knew ; he changed to ft umble, ere he was aware, up- 
 on the cor^i d.'f»ard of the Macedonians, and was brought to the King before fupper was done, 
 the table taken upand the King rifen. When /'/)///;> was adveriifed thereof, hefhewednoother 
 countenance, thanif a friend or gueft,and not an enemy was come j he bad him fit down at the 
 board, and eat bis meat. Afterwards he kepthim. there with himftillin the room, and voided 
 all the reft, willing him in no cafe to be afraid. '' He blamed greatly the badcourfes and defign- 
 " ments of the ^.tolians ^which evermore lighted upon their own pates) who firft had brought 
 ''the Romans and then Antiochus into Greece.'^wi for my part (quoth he) fince things done andL 
 ''pAft,may fooner be blamed than amended, I am content to forget and put all under my foot, 
 "and will never be the man that will feem to infult over them in their diftrel's and adverfity. 
 *■* And fo fliould the ittolians likewife take up in time, and lay afide all their rancor and malice 
 " to me •• and Nir^inier efpecialiy ought to remember this day, on which by me his life waspre- 
 *'ferved. With that hefent him away withagoo4iConvoy,untill he v\aspaft all danger; andtkis 
 Nica;:d:r,zs is beforcfaidiCame to Hyp-n-h e\ en asthe .■Etolians were in deep confuitation abouc 
 peace with the Romans. 
 
 M.AcibMs having either fold outright,or given away to the fouldiers the booty of the country 
 about Hera.le..'.zx\d hearing that the Councill at /fr/j.^M nothing tended topeace.and that the^- 
 lolians were run together to A^<i»/)/ff«»/,for to abide in that placeche whole violence of the war; J4 
 fent J')p.C/"!d ;.'; afore with 4C00 fouldiers to feize the tops ot themountains,wheteasthepaf- 
 fages were difticu'.t ; and himtclf afccnded up to the hill Offit, and facrificedto Hercules in ihit 
 very place which they call Pyra, by occahcn that the mortall body of that god was there confu- 
 medwith fire: from whence hedeparted with his whole army &c performed the reft olhis jour- 
 ney well and marched with eafe. Being come to Car- <:(.v(an exceeding high mountain between C<tl- 
 li-polis and Na-ip.iElnm)\\e.\o[\ iheremany ofhis labouring beafts and fumpterhorfes,which toge- 
 ther with their loads and fardels, as they we«^ tumbled down headlongfrom the mountain, antf 
 his men alio were much troubled and encumbred. Whereby it was foon feen, with how lazy and 
 idle an enemy he had to deal, who had not befec and kept with a guard that difficult paflage, to 
 empeach and fliut up the thorow-fare from the enemies. HowDeit,as much toiled and troubled jij 
 as his army war, he dei'cendtd to N.itif.iUam. And having crefted one Fort againft the Caftle, 
 heinveRed a.lct.e other parts of the City, and divided his forces according to the ficuation of the 
 walls.This fiege he found as toillome and p3inlul,as that at Hcradea. 
 
 At the fame time began the Achxans to lay fiege to Mejfene alfo in Pelofonne [us ^loz that it re- 
 fufed tobe of their Councill and aflociation. For thefe two C\uth^^ejfe>ie and Elis-,\\eTe exempt 
 from the Athsan Diet and accorded with the ./Ecolians. Howbeit, the Ellans, after that Antio- 
 chuf was chafed out of Grerce, gave the.Embafladorsof ^f/'<f<ia more mild anfwer, to wit, 
 That whenthey had difchargedand fent away the Kingsgarrifon,they would conhder of the mat- 
 ter what to do. But theMefienians having without any anfwer at all,fenttheEmbaffadors away, 
 had levied war; and fearing much their owneftate,feeing their territory overfpread with an army, q 
 and every where burned, yea,and their enemies encamped near unto their City, addrefied unto 
 Clalcis their cmbad'ador? to T,Qy.i!itifis(x.ht\i:y man whobefore hadfec them atlibertyjto fig- 
 rifieunto him, That thcMcfleniins were ready both to open their gates &alfo to Uirrender their 
 City unto the Romans. &: not to the Acha:ans.Oj<;;;(/«.f fofoon as he had heard their embaflage, 
 fent a mefl'enger inconrinently to Megalopolis, unto DiophAnesx\iZ Pritor there of the Acharans, 
 tocommand him prefently to retire his boft from Aiejfuj:-, and to repair unto him. Dwphmes 
 
 obeyed 
 
 (C
 
 The fix and thirtieth Boo{^ of T, Li vius. y^i 
 
 A obeyed his commandment and having lail'ed bis fiege,marched himfelflightly appointed for fpeed 
 before therert of his army, andaboiu And.t/iia nmnWtov^ahctweea Mc^.>lofo^;s and Alc^eney 
 encouDtredjCJ«/«r«i«. Unto whom after he had fliewcd thecaufesof ther;e2e, hereLeivedathis 
 hands a gentle rebuke only, for that hehadcnitrpriied a maiicroffogreatconfequence without 
 his authority ; with an exprefj commandment alio tocais and dili-hargc his army, and not to di- 
 fturb and trouble the pescc; made tor the i,ood and bcneht of all. The MefTcnianslikcwifehe 
 charged to call home their baniOiedperfons into their City, and to joyn with t!;c' Achajacs in 
 their gencrall Diet and AlTcm'j.y, And if they either had any matters to rcfufe, or would willing- 
 ly pcovidc for themfelvcs againit the future time, hewilled them to make their repairunto him ac 
 Cor;«r/»,and enjoyned Dioph.^nes immediatly to liimmon the Diet of the Achxans for him, where 
 
 B perionally himl'elf would be. Where, after he had complained as touching the Ifland Z.:c},it,'jusy 
 that by fraud and treachery they had come by and kcpr, he required th.u itiliould bereftcred to 
 the Romans. Now this Hie had ibmetime appertained to /^A/Z/ptheKingof theMjcedpnians, 
 and he gave it unto Amtna>:dcr^ in conlideration, that he might coadud his army into the high- 
 er parts of t/£fo//rf,through Aihamania: in which expeditions and exploits of his, the yEtolians 
 hearts were fo abated andquaiied, that they were coniirained to fcek peace. Amii.indcr mzd^ 
 firit /'/;//<;) the Megapolitan gov ernour of this llKind ; but afterwards^in timeofthat w.ir vvherein 
 he banded with ^«f/oc/;«jagain;t the Romans, he called him away trom thence toimployhim 
 in martial! affairSjand fent Htcrocles the Agrigentin to lucceed him in his place. T his Hieroclef^ 
 after the defeat and flight oi Ar.tiochus from Thermop^/x, and the expnllion of Aw.-/r<i>;^.r out oV 
 
 C hth.imama by King Phil p difpatched of his own motion certain meflcngcTS unto D.o-pb.incs ^.\^^ 
 Praetor of the AchsanSiJnd for a fum ot money agreed upon between them, betraied the Ifland 
 to the Achians.The Romans thought it great realbn.that this Ifland fliould be theirs^ in recom- 
 pence forthe wars which they had maintained; forafmuch as A/.A(r///.'/nheConfnl.,and the Ro- 
 man legions fought not at ThermofyUior D:oj>b.i/:es nor yet for the A.hxans. D/o^/;..?/7« to thefe 
 challenges and demands Ibmetime excufed himlelf and the whole nationjOtherwhiles flood to it, 
 and avowed the aclion; and maintained the caufe by a plea of right. Some there were of the A- 
 cha:an3 ihere,that both proteded, how trom the beginning they utterly mifliked the courfe,and 
 
 ' alfo at this prelent much blamed the Prxtor tor his wi.fu.l oblHnicy. And by their advice and 
 authority an ait was fet down, that the whole matter fliould be referred and put to Qjhjtitu-, to 
 
 [> determin what he pleafed. Now had Q^nnttHs this nature, if a mancroffed and thwarted himjhe 
 was fierce and fell ; if one yielded and gave place , he was gentle again, and pliable. And therefore, 
 without fhewing any fign of debate, cither in language or countenance, thus he fpake. '"If I 
 *' thought (qd.hc) and wereperfwaded in my heart, that it were good ar.d commodious forthe 
 <' Achians to hold and polVefs this Ifland inquelHonJ would ad. ife theSenat & people of .So;?;^ 
 "to let you enjoy it.But like as a Tortoife,fo long as fhekeepeth her felfclofe within hcrfliell (I 
 <'lce)isfureand fafe enough, againll all blows andoffen.e whatfoever ;but when fbe once put- 
 "teth forth any parts.look whatfoever is discovered and naked the fame is we.ik andfubjedito 
 '■''■ injury : even fo you Achians,being enclofed round about with the Tea, are able eafily to ad joyn 
 '' unto your felves whatfoever lyeth within the prian6> of Pf/flpo>j;jf/«j-.andiokeep the fame alfo 
 
 £ <•' when you have laid it to you: but fo foon as for a greedy dellre of having more and encroaching 
 " further,you go beyond thofe bonds, you lie open without, and are expofed to all hurt and da- 
 " mage. Thus Z<<;p/A«.( was deli\ ered to the Romans with the aflent of all the Councill there 
 a(Tcmbled,and DiophaneidaiW not fay a word more to the contrary. 
 
 At the fame time. King Philip zskcd i e Conful as he m.irched to N'.tupiElismi Whether it was 
 his pleafure,that he in the mean while fliould recover and regain thofe Cities which were revol- ^ 
 ted from the affociation of the Romans? And having a grant and warrant from him, he led his ' 
 forces sgainlt DewetnM, knowing wellenouph in whar terms of troubles that City then flood. 
 For being forlorn and in utter defpair, feeing A;;.-;oc/)«jhad forfakenthem and no hope at a'l re- 
 maining in the ./Etolians: they looked everyday and night either tor the coming of Pb:liptht\t 
 
 F heavy friend; or elfec. en the Romans themfeKes a worfe enemy, like as they had a more jufl 
 caufe of anger and indignation againltthsm. Aconfuled and difordered fortthere were of King 
 hntiochiis his fouidicrs, who being but a few at fir(l left there to lie in garrifon, grew a'ter to be 
 more, and mod of them unarmed; fuch as after the field was loft \ :ix. Therm opjW] thither chan- 
 ced to flie,and neither-had (hength nor heart enough to abide a fiege.And therefore when Ph:lif 
 fent certain mefl'engers bc'breunto them, to fignifie, that there was Ibme hope that they might 
 be pardoned: they made them thisanfwer, That thegucs were open for the King, and that he 
 might enteral his pleasure. At his frfl cntrame,certainchiefmenofmark quit the City and de- 
 parted,and EunlochusVWtd himfelf.THe garrifon fouldiers ofKKtiochus( for fo they h.id capitu- 
 lated ) were conduikdto Lyfln^arhi a thvovt^h Af.rcedony and Thr.tcc, accompanied with a con- 
 P voyof Macedonians, tor feai that any man fliould do them harm. There were fomc few fliips 
 alfo in the rode of Demetruu, under the command of ffldorus, vhich together with their leader 
 and Captain were difmiffed. After this, hetcgiwcdDolopiay Aperanti,;, and certsin Cities of 
 Pi^rhotbia. 
 
 Duringthetimethat P/;/7/p was employed in thefe affairs, 7". 0/«;;f,,.-j having recovered the 
 Ifland ZacynthtiSy departed from the Diet of the Achians, and rofled the feas to V.r- /)aT.v»;, 
 which had been beleaguered already two moDthS;& was at the point to be forced and lo(f : which 
 
 if
 
 n^z The fix and thirtieth Boo\ tf/T. Livius. 
 
 if ic mi^ht bavebeen won by afl'aulc,k was thought that the whole nation and name of ch?:£,ic- H 
 lians there would haveperiftied for ever.And albeit he had goodcaufeto be highly ofietided ajjd 
 difpleaied with the jEtolians, in remembrance that they only checked and impeached bis glory, 
 at what time as he fet Grf fcf free : and that they were nothing ftirred and moved with liis au- 
 thority, when he ( forewarning them that thole things would happen which afterwards fell out 
 juft fo indeed ) would have difcounfelled and feared them from foolifli and furious dciigns : yet, 
 luppofing that it was a Ipeciallpart ofhis charge and work, that no nation oi Greece ( now freed 
 by him /Ihould utterly be fubverted and deftroyed, he began to walk up and down along under 
 the walls, CO the end that he might be feen^and loon known of the ;£tolians. And anon the v ery 
 formoil ouards took notice of him, & noiled it was ptefently throughout all ihe ranks and com- 
 panies that QjiMtiHs was there. And thereupon they ran from all parts up to the walls, every j 
 man flretched forth his hands, and with oneaccord and confonantvoiiie called by name unto 
 QHtntiin. befeeching him to help and lave them. And albeit he was moved at thefe their pitious 
 cries with commiferacion, yet for that time he fignified by the turning away ofhis head, that be 
 refufed and denied them •■ asking wiihall, What lay in him to do them any good ? But afterwards, 
 bein'^'comc unto the Conful, '^ Know you not(ciuoth he) O M.kciUiu whereabout we are,an<i 
 " what we have in hand?or if you be a man provident enough elf eem you not that it mainly con- 
 " cerneth the common- weal ? He let the Conful by thefe words a longing and caufed him to give 
 more attentive ear what he would fay and withall, Why do you not fpeak torth(qUGth the Con- 
 ful) and utter your mind what the matter is? Then quoth jgM;«/«i: '•'Seeyounot that after you 
 " have vanquifhed Kntwchns, you fpend and lofe much time here in the fiege and ,; iVault of two ^ 
 '* Cities, when as now the year of your government is wellnear come about? AndF;j///;?inthe 
 " mean time without feeing a battell or the enligns ofhis enemies difplaied hath gained and joy- 
 " ned to himfelf not Cities only, but fo many nations already namely, htb.im^.nui-, Perrhal>i.u A- 
 " perantitt and Dolopia ? But it is nothing fo good and expedient for us, nor if andeth it us fo much 
 "npon, to takedown the jtcplians and pare their nails, as to look unto /'/j.'//;; that he wax not 
 ''tooTeat: and (feeing you and your fouldiers have not got yet two Cities inrevvard and re? •. 
 "compence of vi^ory) not to fuffer him to go clear away with fo many nstions ot Greece^, 
 The Conful accorded hereunto: but he thought it a flxameanddiflionourfor hitntogiveov,er 
 the fiege and effed^ nothing : but afterwards, ail the matter was put unto thedifpolition oiQuin- 
 tiui. Who went again to that fide of the wall, whereas a little before the jEcolians called.^ndL 
 cried aloud unto him. At:d when as they intreated him more earneilly and with greater affeiftir 
 on to take pitty of the jttolian people,he willed Tome of them to come forth unto him . And itn? 
 mediatly, •P/i<j»r^ himfelt with other principallperfons of the ^tolians, went out unto him; ■ 
 unto whom lying proftrare and groveling at his teet: •' Your prefent fOrtuneCquoih hejand hard 
 '' eftaie wherein you are, caufed me both to temper my choler andal'oto If ay my tongue.Thofc , 
 ** things you now lee are fain out, which I foretold would come to pal's. Andnot fomuch as this . 
 " is left unto you, That the calamities fain upon your heads can be truly laid to have light upon 
 "them that have not deferved as much. howbeit,finceithath been allotted unto me as it were 
 *'bydelfiny to be a fofter- father (as I may fofay)to nurfe up G>-iftf<rf , I will not ceafe even to do 
 *' you good, as thanklefs and ungratefull perfons as you are. Send your Orators to the Conful, y[ 
 '' to intreat him to grant you a truce for fo long, untillyoumayaddrefs your Embafladors to 
 *' i?ow£,by whom you fhall wholly refer and fubmit your felves to the Senat: and I will not fail 
 *' to be an inteneffor and advocate to the Conful for you and likewife unto the Senat. And, as 
 ^i«r(#«counfelled them,fo did they. Neither reje6ted the Conful their Embaflie, butgranted 
 them abflinence of war for fuch a term as within which they might have an anfweroftheir Em- 
 baffaoetoficwf :fohediflodged,thefiege wasraifed,and the army lent into Phocu. The Con-- 
 ful together with Quintiia pafled over the fea to «/£//»»?, unto the generall Councill of Achea. 
 There was much treaty and parly about the Eleans, and the reftoring of the Lacedaemonians ex- 
 iles: but nothin" was effeifed in the one or the other. As for theLacedsmonians, the Ach^eans 
 were defirous to referve that for themfelves, and to win thereby a thank, as proceeding from j»j 
 their fpeciall grace. And the Eleans, chofe rather to come and be united to the Achaeans Parlia- 
 ment of themfelves, than by the mediation ofthe Romans. The Embafladors of the Epirois 
 came unto the Conful,who(it was well known) carried not themfelves found and upright in. the 
 entertaining ofthe Roman amity •• howbeit, they hadnot levied a fouldier for Antiochtu. Char- 
 oed they were to have relieved him with money ; and deny themfelves they, could not but they 
 hadfent their Embaffadors unto the King. And when they put up a petition, that they might 
 be accepted again into the ancient band of amity.- this anfwer the Confulreturned unto them, 
 That he knew not yet whether to range them in the number of enemies, or peaceable friends, 
 and thereof the Senat fhould be judge; and therefore he referred their whole entire caufe to 
 iJowf.And to that purpofe a truce he granted them offourfcoreandtendaies. The EpirotsthusQ 
 fent to Rome, prefcnted themfelves before the Senat, and when they flood rather upon thefe 
 terms in recounting thofe things wherein they had not fliewed any open hoftility, than inclea- 
 ripe themfelves of thofe matters that were laid againfl them ; they received fuch an anfwer, as 
 whereby they might be thought rather to have obtained pardon , than to have madegood and ju- 
 fiif ed their caufe. The Embaffadors alio of King Phtlip about that time had audience given them 
 in the Senat,who came to congratulate with the Romans, teflifying their own joyj and wifbing 
 
 theirs
 
 The fix and thirtieth Boo^ of T. Li vius. 752 
 
 \ theirs for their victory : and upon their rcque(l,that they might facrifice in the Capitoll, and of- 
 fer an oblation and prcfcnc of gold in the Temple oiJup.Opt.AUx-, the Senat gave the good leave. 
 So they prefenced and offered a crown of gold weighing " one hundred pound. Thefc EmbalVa- " 3^"^° foaad 
 dors had not only a friendly anfwer and gracious diipatch : but aHoi)t^»-vj>-/;<j thelonof King ^*''' 
 I Philips who had lien as an holiage at RomefWis delivered uiuo ihem,forto bring home again un- 
 to his father. Thus was the war atchieved and brought to an end, whidi Ai.AciLus the Conful 
 Wiged agiinft King AHttochus in (jreece, 
 j The other Conful P. Cornelias Scipw, who "e lot was to govern the Province of G W, before 
 ' that he took his journey to that war which he was to make .igainlt the Boians, demanded of 
 the Senat, that money fliould be afTigned unto him for to peiform thole plaies and games which 
 B he had promiled by vow, as Vi.e-Pritorini;-<i'«, when he was driven to a great extremity in a 
 battell. This feemed to be a (Irangc and unrealonable dcmard. Whereupon the LL.of thcSenat 
 ordained, That what plaies the Conful bad v owed on his own head without aikmg theadvice 
 and counfell of the Senat, ilie fame he {liould exhibit and fct tcrth cither with the ilTue ot the 
 fpoils got from the enemies, (it haply he hadreler'cd any money raiied thereout to that pnrpofe^ 
 orclfe defray the charges out ot his own pur:e. Theie plaiesand gam^s /'.CV««//«;feprerented 
 for the fpacc of ten dales. And near about the fame time, the Temple ofthe great goddefs dame 
 Cyhf[!(oi Idtti) was dedicated. This goddefs being brought out of .-y77.'(,intlie time that P.C or- 
 neliMs Scipio({\itmms.d afterwards Af^ tcmus) and P.LtarnHJ were Confuls, was conveyed from 
 thcfea-hde into the mount Pal.itine. The Temple was fet out to be built at a price (according to 
 C an ait of the Senat) by M. LizmszadC. CUnd tti the Ccm'ors, when M.Co ndius and T.Sem- 
 prontm were Confuls. fhineen years after the bargiin was made for the edifying thereof, Af.Ju- 
 »//<;S/«:«/ dedicated it. and torthe honour of thisdedication werethefirU fl^ge-plaics cxhibi- 
 ted,(as Vilertus Anucu mine author faith) called thereupon M g lUfie.. In like m .nner,r.L;n>./- 
 ut LHCHllffs(ont of the two Duumvirs)dedic3ted the 1 emple of ilie g )ddefs J;{v. fitm in the greac 
 Race called Ctrcns Mavimiit. The fame had M. L.'vm! the Conlul vowed hxteen years bcto re >. 
 eventhat very day in which hedefeated Afdrt'.'>^l ind hisarmy. The \in\tL'vius in hisCenfor- 
 fliip, went through and bargained for the building thereof, wniles M.Cor;nl:ui and 7'.-^^. Pipro:n- 
 ' «j were Confuls. And in the honour of dedi.aiing this Temple, the p. aics were fee forth: and 
 all was done vvith more devotion, becauie there was anew war intended agaiiill King ^^;.'f;o- 
 D cliHf. In the beginning ofthis year in which thefe things pafled, whiles /'.Cor«f/;/« the Conful 
 Raid ftill behind at Romr, (for i/.^n/fw/ was gone fortha;ready to war :^it is found in records, 
 that two tame oxen climbed up a ladder in the (Ircet C-ri>:<e, tothe tile-roof ol a certain houfe 
 there. And the foothfayers gave exprefs order that they fliould be burnt quick, and the afhes to 
 be thrown into T^^fr. Alio it was reported, that at farr^ctna ind Amitermnh it rained ftones 
 fundry times. Icentf That in Mmturna the Temp'e of Jupiter and the fliops .ibont the market- 
 place. were blaltedand fmitten with lightning ; and inthe very mouth of the river K«^«r««j',two 
 fhips caught hre from hcaven,and wereconfumed. Inregard of thefe fearfull prodigies,the De- 
 cemvirs by order from the Senat went to the books of Sihylh and pcrufed tHcm ; and out of 
 their learning pronounced, that a folemn fall lliouldbe now inllituted in the honour o'iCoreSy 
 £ and the fame to be obferved and holdcn every fift year: alfo that a novcndiallra.rifice for nine 
 dales together could continue; and afupplicationforoneday : and that they who went in this 
 procelhon and fupplication, fhould wear garlands and wreaths of flowers upon their heads : laft- 
 ly, That the Conful /".Carw/z^i fliould facrifice to what god,-, and wi h wiia: beads, the Decem- 
 virs would appoint and pronounce.When the gods were pacified ,as well by theaccomp'i(l,mcnt 
 of the vows accordingly, as by taking order for the e.xpiat ion of thofe wondrous figns the Conful 
 took his journey into his province: trom whence he commanded C«f«/ DamitiH'ihtV:o-?ix- 
 tot (after he had c dVcd his army) to depart to Rome : and himfelfentred with his legions into the 
 territory of the boians. 
 
 Within a httie of that time the Lignrians ( by vertue of a facred law that they had) levied and 
 F artembled an army, and by night affailed the Camp unawares to 0^iint:is Almtnius the Pro-CoH' 
 ful, yW«»;<f/;<j kept his foulditrsinorderof battell nrtill d^y within his hold, having an eye and 
 circumfpedUegard, that the enemy fliould not mount over the trench and defences in any place. 
 And at the day- break he fallied forth at two gates a: once: neither were thehiguricnsrepulfed 
 (as he hoped they fhould^ at the firlUharge; for they fullaincdand held out the skirmifh above 
 two hours, with doubtfull event onboth fides. At the lad, when band after band ilUied out^and 
 (till frefh fouldiers fuccecded ih the room ofihe wearied for to maintain fight, the Ligurians in 
 the end (befidcs other diflrefe, lod for wart of fleep alfo ) turned their backs. O' the enemies 
 were llain above tour thoufand; of Romans and allicsnnder threehundred. Two months alter 
 or fomewhat \e(s. P. Cornelius the Conful gave battell to &t Boians and won the day ; flew iScoo 
 Q enemies, ^asr<i/^r/M* ^wf/*w writeth Jtook 34ooprifoners. gained 1 2^ military enhgns, i 230 
 horfes,chariots 247: andof the winners (as he faith) there died not above 1484. Where (by the 
 way) how Uttlc credit foever (as touching the number) we give unto this Writer, Cforinthat 
 point there is none over-reacheth more than he) yet apparant it is. thataright great vielory it 
 was ; both for that the camp was won, and the Boians after that batteil prefently yielded them- 
 felves ; as for that in regard ofthis viftory a joyfull proceflioq vvasby order from theSenax hol- 
 dcn^and greater beafts iuin for facrifice. 
 
 ; • ■•-.}' Not 
 
 * •- '■; y:::il.
 
 ^54 ^^^ fi^ and thirtieth Boo\ ofT, Livius. 
 
 Not much under or over this prefent umt^Ji^.FHhim NohHior returned out ofthe farther pro- H 
 viace oi Spain in pomp of an Ovation, and carried in ftievv locoo pound vveight of hlver in bul- 
 lion ; of Bif ats in filver coin i3oooo5and in gold 1 26 li.weight. ^.Come/itu the Confuljhaving 
 firft taken hort ages ofthe Boian Dation,and difleized them ot'the one half of their country, to the 
 inhabiting whereof the people of Rome might if they would fend their Colonies; at his de- 
 parture from thence toward Rome to an undoubted »nd aflured triumph, licenfed his army-,with 
 commandment to meet him there and give their attendance upon his triumph-day.The hiorrow 
 after that he wascome.theSenat had iHrnmons to aflemble in the Temple of Bellom; where siter 
 he haddifcourfed of his ads and deeds acchievedjhe required that he might be permitted to enter 
 the Cicy riding in triumph. P.Sempror.itu BUfui a Tribune ofthe Commons for the time being, 
 ttepped forth and faidj'-That his advice was that .S«;)/ofliould not flatly be denied the honour of j 
 ''atriumphjbnttoputit ofFto a farther day .And why? The wars('qd.he)of the Ligurians have 
 *' alwaies been joyned attd hnked with thofe of Gaul: which nations being fo near togethet,ufe 
 *' ever mutually one to fuccour another. If P.Sapio (after the Boians defeated in battel)had fol- 
 " lowed the triin of vidlory , and either himfelf in proper perfon with his brave conquering army 
 " paffed into the territory ofthe Ligurians.or but lent part of his forces to S^Mifrutitu ^v/ho now 
 *' for three yearsf'or fafi upon)both been detained within thofe quarters in a war of doubtful if- 
 *'fue; we might have feen an end ere this ofthe Ligurian war alfo.But now^forfooih)his fouldi- 
 " ers are difmiffedjand brought home to accompany him & to folemnizehis triumph;who might 
 *• vvell have been employed Hill and donegoodlervice to the Common weal: yea, &: may do yet 
 *' (if the Senat be To dilpofed ) by deferring the time of triumph, for to make amends and regain ^ 
 " ihatjwhich by over-haflinefs of triumph hath been over-flipped, Andtherefore,in my opinion 
 "(qd.he) they iLould do well to command theConfultogohis waies back again, and take his 
 " army with him into hisProvince, & to do his beft and utmoli endeavour to fnbdue the Liguri- 
 " ans alfo.For unlefs they be brought under and madefubjeit unto the people of Rome^ihe Boi- 
 " ans be ye fure will not long be quiet : either we muft have peace or war at once in both places. 
 *' And fo P.CorrtcliHs in quahty of Pro-Conful(as many others before him,who in their full Magi- 
 '■flracy triumphed not)mayafcer fome few months have his triumph. To this the Col. anfwered 
 " acain and faidThat neither the Province ofthe Ligurians was any part of his charge by lot,nei- 
 ''ther warred he at all with the Ligurians, nor yet demanded to triumph over them. Asfor^. 
 " Minutitis (qd.he) I hope that flTortly after he hath fnbdued them^he both will require his due L 
 " triumph^and fliall likewi'e obtain the fime.For mine ownpartj feek nombre but to triumph 
 " over the Boians m G.ml, whom I have vanquilhcd in plain bactell, beaten out ofthe field and 
 *•' camp ; whofe whole nation within two dales after the fight and their general difcomfiturcyiel- 
 '' ded and rendredthemfelves into my hands; and from whom I have carried away hoftages for 
 '■'• afuued pledge of future peace : nay.that which is much more than all this,! have had the killing 
 *' of fo many Gauls in open battel and fought with fo many thoufands of Boians-.as no General e- 
 " ver did before me: the better half of jcoco men are fain upon the edge ofthe fword,and many 
 "a thoufand taken prifoners; fo as the Boians have none left but old folk and young children. 
 " Canany msn make a vvonderthen,whya vifloriousarmy,leavirg no enemy behind in the Pro- 
 *' vince,is come to Rome to honour the triumph of their Conful ? Whofe emploiment, if theSe- j^ 
 " nat be difpofed toufe in any other fervice or Province,Whether ofthefe two waies think they, 
 ^' will make them more willing and ready to put themfelves into new dangers, and enter into o- 
 *'iherfrefh labour and travell; eithertopay them without delay&contentthem with thedueSc 
 '-'■ deferved hire of their former peril and pain, or to fend them away with bare hope only.inftead 
 <■* of the fubftance, for to expeft Hill without effeft: fince they have been once already put by and 
 ••* difappointed of their firft hope and expeilation ? Now for mine own part, I obtained honour 
 "enough that day on which the Senat fent me (deemed & declared the beft man in all the City) 
 "• to receive that great goddefs & dame of /^^.This title alone^without any other addition of tri- 
 *' umph,rnall be fufficient to recommend to all pofierity for honefly & honour both, the Image of 
 " P.SciptoN'nJtca.'Vhis faid,not only the whole Senat themfelves condefcended generally to grant f^ 
 him triumph, but alfo v\ith their countenance & authority compelled the Tribunes of the Com- 
 mons to give over their hold,and furceafetheirinterpofition of a negative voice. So P. Cornelius 
 the Cof.triumphed over the Boians.In which triumph he caufed to bccarried for fhew in Fpench 
 f hiriots,armor,enfigns.and fpoils of all forts : alfo French veflels of brafs and copper.He comman- 
 ded likewiie to be led in pomp a number of hcrfes taken, together with Noblemen and Gentle- 
 men captives.Of chains ofgold he made a fhew of i47o,Befides,there wasborninpomp,ofgold 
 
 245 pound weight: of filver un wrought and wrought into plate, notimworkmanly after their 
 ma.nncr (and namely in fundry French veflels j -34° pound weight :lawly,ofbigats in coin 2 54. 
 
 I o his I'onldiers that followed his triumphant chariot he gave 225 AlTes apiece, double as much 
 to a CcntiKion,and trcbbieto an horfeman.Thenext day after be called the people to a general af- q 
 iembly^where after he had difcourfed again of his exploits,and complained of the wrongs that the 
 Tribune had ofFred unto him in that he would have tied him to the war of another, with intent to 
 defraud himfelf of the fruit of his own vi(9:ory,bc cafled his fouldiers and difcharged them quite. 
 Whiles ihefe affairs thus went \nltafr-, u^'niorhus remaining at Ephefus^ refled very fecure 
 atid carelefs ofthe Roman war, as ifthe Romans had no purpofe nor intention to pafs over into 
 
 ^^fi(i, Thisfecurityof his was occafioned by many of his friends, who partly upon ignorance, 
 
 and
 
 The fix and thirtieth Boo\ of T.Livius. js! ^ 
 
 f^ and partly upon flattery perl'waded himfo. Ovl\^ Anmhali whoatthaitime vvasofgreateftcre- 
 ditjand might do molt with the King, faid unto him, '* That he rather marvelled mu^h why the 
 *' Romans were not already in v-iy»»j, than doubted of their coming. Foraneerer cut {'quoch 
 *' he) it is by Sea out ot (7r«cf into ^yi^, than out of /frt// into Grff« ; and a greater moiu etc 
 " war is Ayitiochtu than the yEioiians. And as tor their valour and power;as hardy they are and 
 " mighty at Sea, as on Land ; and their fleet hath hovered a good while already about MaUa. 
 *' Moreover, 1 heard lay oflate, that new fliipsbe arrived.and a new General come out ot/f^/;, 
 *' to foilo.v and perform this war. And therefore, let Amiocbw teed no longer upon a vain hope, 
 "and promi;e himfeh' a permanent peace: tor iTtiortly he mult m.-^ke account to ii^l.t with the 
 " Romans in hftn.ya, and tor A/m, both by Jiea and Land ; and no mean there is,but that either 
 B*' l'imic,tmu(UorchisKingdom,or takef omthcm the.ri'overaignfeignory,whoafFedand prc- 
 '' tend to be LL, of the whole world. He was theonly man thought to lorecart-.and truly to fore- 
 cell what would enl'ue. Whereupon the King himieif inperfon, with thofe fliips which he had 
 ready rigged and tiirniOied, U'llcd lo ( hcrfoyifieftu^ withintentto 11 rengthen thofe places with 
 goodgarriionsifhapiy the Romans fliould Lome by Land. The relt of the navy hei.omm.inded 
 Polyxeiiidas to prepare and put to Sea.And al about the Ifland he lent about his pinnates and bri- 
 gantins aselpiais to dikover the coatls. C'.^.-w>«ihe AdmirjloltheRomannavy was arrived at 
 N.ipL /from Rmie with fifty cov ered fhips. At whii h place he gave commandment,! hat the open 
 veflcls,vvhi. I) by covenant were due to be lent from the allies of ali that tract,fl-.ould meet. From 
 whence he fai.ed to Sicif-, and pafled the Oreights by Ai: (f.iHa. And when he had received fix 
 Q Carthaginian fhips fenr to aid him, and called upon the Rhegins and Lo.rins, and other aflbciats 
 compriicd in the fame league and holding by the fame tenure, for that fliipping whi.hofduty 
 they were to find when he had alfo taken a furvey of all hisarmado at Liui-nnnh he weighed an^^ 
 chor,and put to the main Sea. Being ar^ved at C(;r<7?-.t,which was the firll City of all Grf^c-, that 
 he came uDto,he enquired in what terms the war-aff.iirs flood? (for as yet all was not throughly 
 quiet in Grecct) and where the Roman flectwas ? After he heard that the Roman Comul and 
 King Phi/ip^wcrc about thCipafs of ThermopyU.iTid there lay in guard; that the fleet rid at anchor 
 in the port and harbor oi Py^a'un \ he thought it good to ufe expedition, and to make fpced for 
 all ocoafion? vvhatfoever.andin.oitinently determined to fail forward to PeL>po>tnefus. And ha- 
 ving at one in: cant wafled Samoi and ■'^.-.cr^ithus as he went.becaufethey chofe rather to band with 
 J) the iEtolianSjhe fct fail for 'Jalm and having a good vvind,within few dales he arrived at ^yrae- 
 wwjwhere the old fleer anchored. Ac SaJaum King Eumenes met him wiih three fhips : who had 
 been a long time atex*^«».', unrefo. ed m himlelf, whether he fhould retnrn to defend his own 
 Kingdom (for he heard that ^;t/W,W made preparation ac Ephefm for war, as well by Seias 
 Land^ or not to deparr i foot from the Romans, upon whofe fortune depended his whole flate. 
 A/i/us AttiliHs, fo foot) a-i he had delivered to his fuccefl'or five and twenty clofeflaips of war, 
 loofed from Pyr&enm and came to Ro.w. So Uvuv with afleet of eighty one fl-iips, armed at their 
 beakheads with brafcn pikes, belides many other fmaller veflels, f which opet^ as they were, had 
 bralen heids, a? ij aforefaid; or if they were without fuch pikes, fervcd for efpials) failed to Delos. 
 Much about that time the Conlul A:clins afl'ailed Mrw^.iff/zw. Ar Ddos, Ltvitts for certain dayes 
 E wasflaied by contrary wind,- (for that quarter among the Cyclades isexceeding windy, by rea- 
 fon that thefe Iflands-aredivided afunder,fome with broadergul's,fome with narrower.^ Pohxc 
 nid-u being certilied by the pofl-fliips (let in diverfe places to difcover) that the Roman armado 
 rid at anchor neer Df/0>,dii patched mcflengers to the King,who leaving all matters whi' h he en- 
 terpriled in Hdlfpoyuus, returned to 5p/)f/i/; as fa(f as ever he could make fail with bisilnpsof 
 war,piked at the head : and presently called a councel,where it was debated,whether he were bell 
 to hazard a battel at Sea or no? PolyxemdM was of opinion, " That he fliould not flack the time, 
 " but inany wife give battel and trie a fight, before that the fleet of E/iWi-.^wandtheRhodian 
 '* (hips were joined with the Romans: for fo in number they fl->ould not be much overmatched, 
 " and for all other things havethebetter as well for nimblencfs and agility of fliips,as for variety 
 F " of aid-fouldiers. For the Roman fliips, a? being nnworkmanly built,they are heavy offleerage 
 •" and unweldy, loaden theyare and fraught belides with provilion of viifuals, as they arecom- 
 *'-monly thattomeintoihe enemies countrey. But as for your fliips (feeing they leave all about 
 *' them peaceable and quiet) they fliall be charged with nothing but with menand munition, Be- 
 " fides,the sk ill of tbefc feas and lands,?.nd of the winds in thefe quarters,will be a great help unto 
 
 ' "lyou ; whereas theenemies mufl reeds be much troubled, for want of knowledge in them all. 
 The devifer of ih'>; counfelhad credit given uflto him on all parts and the rather, lor that he was 
 
 the man him'eF -o put in execution the fame counfel. Two dales they made flay to fet all things 
 in order and rcadinefs, the third day they let forward with s fleet of a hundred fail, whereof 70 
 were covered the reft open,and all of the fmaller making;and for PAw^nhey fliaped their courfe. 
 GTbeKing hearinc; chatthc Roman Armado approi.hed, departed from thence (forthathe was 
 not tobeprefent in perfon at the conflia upon the fea) and went ro Ma^y.cfiA neer SipylnfAo: to 
 levy land-forces. But his navy made fail to Cy(fas,a port of the Erythrxans, to attend the coming 
 of the enemy there as in a place more commodious. The Romans, when the Northern wmds 
 were once laidffcr they were aloft for certain daies,and locked them in) failed trom D^hsw Pla-' 
 «<«;a haven Town of the Chians,bearing toward the yEgeanfea. From thence they cafl about with 
 their fliips to the City , and there having viaualled themfclveSj they crofled over to Fhccxa. tw 
 "" T t C ntene!
 
 ^5 '^ l^^fi^ ^^^ thirtieth Boo\ o/T.Livius. 
 
 menes who was gone to EUa toward his fleet, within few daies after, with four and twenty co- H 
 vered rnips,and more uncovered, returned to the Romans ; whom he Icund preparing and mar- 
 fhaUinf' themfelves (alittle fliort oiPhoc£x) for a battel at fea. Then fet they aii forward with a 
 hundred and fifty clofe covered fliips^and more open and without hatches : and bting wiih fide 
 Morthern winds,at the firft driven to the fea flrore,ihey were torced to fail llngk in rank one after 
 another. But afterwardsjas the violence of the wind began to be ailaied.they afl'aied to crofs over 
 to the haven Corjcus, which is ahoxeCyf^s. Polyxemdas, as foonas he heard that the enemies 
 were at hand, rejoyced that he had occafionprefented unto him of a naval battel: and himrelf 
 Wretched forth the left point of his fleet embattelled far into the fea, willing the Captains ofthe 
 (hips to difplay the right wing broad, toward the land : and fo with an even front, he advanced 
 forward to the fight. Which the Roman Adrriral feeing, Hruck fail, took down the mafts, and i 
 laying together althetacklingofthefhipsinone placejattended their coming that followed after. 
 By which time there were thirty in a rank afront, with whichbecaufe he would make them equal 
 to the left wing ofthe enemy, hefet up the trinkets or fmall fails,meaningtomake way into the 
 deep, commanding them that followed (fill, to make head,and direct their prows againft the right 
 win" neer the land. Enme^es was the rcre- Admiral, and kept the rereward clofe together : but 
 fo foon as they began to be troubled with taking down their tackling, he fet forward with all 
 fpeed and hall that he could make : and by this time were they in view one ofthe other.Two Car- 
 thaginian (hips led before the Roman navy, which were encountred with three ot the Kings 
 fhips. And confidering the ods ofthe number, two of the Kings came about one. And firlf they > 
 wiped away the oars on both fides,thentheyfliewedthemfehesaloft with their weapons, and k 
 boorded her, and after they had either overturned or killed the defendants, they were makers of 
 thatfhip. The other that was in fingle fight, and affailed but by one, feeing the other fhip taken 
 by the enemies,fled back into the main fleet, before flie was environed by the three enemies. Li- 
 vitischajiino hereat, and angry atthe heart, advanced forward with the Admiral fhip atront the 
 enemy .•again(lher,thofe other two which had endofed the Carthaginian fliipaforefaid, hoping 
 to do the like by this^came onward ; which £.<w«/perceiving,commanded the rowers to let their 
 oars hang in the water on both fides,for themorellay and iTeadinefs cithelhip, and likewife to 
 cafliheiriron hooks fafhioned like hands, for tograpple the enemies {hips, as they approached 
 and came neer unto them ; and when they were come to clofe fight in manner of land-fervice,ihen 
 to remember the valour ol the Romans, and not to hold the Kings flaves for men of any worth, j^ 
 And with much more facility and eafe, than the two fhips before conquered one, this one for that 
 gained two. By this time the main fleet on both fides encountred on all fides, and fought pell- 
 mell. Enmenes who being in the rereward, came laft in place, after the conflict was begun, per- 
 ceiving that Livius had difordered the left wing ofthe enemies, made head againii the right, 
 where he faw them fightingon even hand, not long after the left wing began to flic. For Polyxc 
 nidoiSo foon as he faw himfelf without allquefl ion overmatched in valour ofthe fouldiers^caufed 
 the trinkets and all the cloth he had to be fetup,andpurpofed to flie amain. Thofelikewifetbat 
 were toward the land, and fought with Eumeties^ within a while did no lelV. The Romans and 
 Eumenet, fo long a? the mariners were able to ^lie their oars, and fo long as they were in hope to 
 annoythetail ofthe enemies, followed the chafe luftily enough : but after that they perceived w 
 their own fhips (charged and heavily loaden with viduals J follow after to no purpofe, and to 
 lag behind. nor like to overtake them which were the fwifcer, becaufe they were the lighteriftaied 
 at length their purruit,afierthey had taken 13 fhips both with their fouldiersand mariners, and 
 funk ten.Ot the Roman Armado there perifhed but one Carthaginian, which at the firft encounter 
 was befet with two fhips. Pclyxernddi never gave over flight, but made way ftilUintil be had re- 
 covered the haven o^Efhefus. The Romans abode that day in the place from whence the Kings 
 armado came, purpofinponthe morrow to make frefli fail after the enemy. And in themidsof 
 their courfe they met with thofe 35 Rhodian fhips covered,condn(Sl:edbyi'//y?r(«f«j their Admi- 
 ral ; and taking thofe alfo with them, they followed the enemy even as far as £pfc(/;r3whereinthe 
 mouth ofthe haven,they rid in order of battel •• by which bravado,having wrung as it were from jq 
 theenemiesaplainconfeffion that they were vanquifhed, the Rhodians and £«w«f/ were fent 
 home. The Romans letting their courfe for Chius-,i\tA failed by Phcenicus, an haven Town ofEry- 
 t/i<f<* and having caft anchor that Dight>the next day they vveighed,aDd arrived within thelfland, 
 clofe to the City it fclf, where having fojourned fomefew daies,efpecia!ly to refrefli their rowers, 
 they pafled forward to Phocaa. Where leaving four quinquereme Galeaces, the fleet arrived at 
 Cavit.AnA becaufe the Winter approached, the fhips werelid np in their docks or)drieLand,and 
 for their fafety were trenched and paled about. In the years end the General aflemb'y for elecflion 
 of Magiflrats was holden at /?ow(?,wherein were created CovAxx\s,L.CornelinsScipio-anA C.L<tliiis. 
 For now all men had an eye to the finiftiing ofthe war againft A^niochus. The next morrow were 
 the Pretors alfo cbofenjUamely, M.Ttfccius-, L.AnruncHleiHs^Cneiis Fulviuh L.&myliHS, P. 3>*-q 
 viHS^ and C, Atinms Labeo, 
 
 The
 
 The [even and thirtieth Boo{ of T.Livm ^^57 
 
 The fiven and thirtieth Book 
 
 Of the Hijlories ofT. Livius o/Padua, from thefomdation of the 
 
 Ctty of Kome. 
 
 The Breviary of L. Florns upon ihe fevenand thirtieth Book. 
 
 g T Ucius Cornelius Scipio the Co>3fJ^ having for his Lieutenant P.Scipio A.\ncxm%{accordina as 
 l^he had promtfcd, that he would be Lieuter.am to his Irothtr^ifQttViZ and Alia were ordainedto be 
 hti Province.rvhcreai It woi thoHght^that C.Lxl'ms. for thegrt.it credit that he was lawith 'theSe»at 
 (hould have had that Provifice gtven him) took^his voyage for to war agatnfi Antiochus, and was the 
 firji Roman that ever failed over into hhi^as Captain andCommaKde"ofan army, i£mylitjs Reoillus 
 fought fort unatly ntththe aidofthe Rhodians before MyODnefus,<i^.//»/? theroyalnavy o/Antiochus 
 Jhefon 0/ Africanus taken prifoner by Antiochlls,t»'^/f»( home tohu father. M.Acilius Glabriom- 
 Hmphed over AntiOLhllS, whom he had driven, oy.t 0/ Greece, at alfo over the Rhodians^ .Afterwards 
 when Aoiiochits wm vanqmfljedby L.Coroelius SJpio (wichthe afifiance ef King Eufnenes,r/)tf fo» 
 ofhllilvsKing o/Pergamus) he had peace granted unto him^ upon condition., that he (hould quit and 
 C forgo all the Provinces on t hit Jide the mount Taurus. ^«^Eumenes, by whofe help kaiiochxis wot 
 overcome., had his Kingdom enlarged. To the Rhodians alfo, for their helping handcertatn Cities were 
 gtven andgranted.One Colony was plaMted,calledBonom3.£,my\'ias Rcgilius^whovan^uifhedthe Cap- 
 uns 0/ Anticchus /« a naval battei^obtainedalfo a nav J irtumph. t.CoineWus ScipiOjrjhofimfljcd'the 
 
 ■war with Aniiochus ,had the likf fttmame given him as his brother., and w.-u called after Aliaticus 
 
 The [even and thirtieth Bool^of T. Livius. 
 
 ^ir- -y «r "^Hen L.Cornelius Scipio., and C.Ldius were Confuls, after order taken for the fer- 
 \ / \/ vice oftheGods,there was no matter treated ofin the Senate, before the fuit of 
 L> y Y the yEtolians. And as their Embaffadors were inftant and earneft, bccaufe the 
 term of their truce was but fKorc, fo T.Quintius, who then was returned out of 
 Grefce to Ror^iet feconded them. The i£tolians, relying more upon the mercy of the Senate, than 
 the jufticc of their caufe, and ballancing their old good turns done to the Romans, to the late 
 harms and trefpifles committed, ufed humble fupplication. But lo iongas they were'in prefencc 
 before the Ssnators,thcy were wearied with their interrogatories of all hands, who fought rather 
 to fetch and wring from them confeflion of a fault, then any other anfwer ; and when they were 
 bidden tovoid outoftheSerfat-houfe, they caufed much debate within. For in the handling of 
 their matter it was feen that anger bare more fway than pity, bccaufe they were not fo much 
 P offended with them for being enemies,as they blamed them tor an unruly, untamed, and unfocia- 
 ble nation. And after much hard hold for certain dales together, they refolved at length, neither 
 to grant nor deny them peace. Two conditions were tendered and prcfented unto them either to 
 refer ihgnfelves wholy to the pleaforc anddifpofitionofthe Senate, orelfeto deliver a 1000 ta- 
 lents rand withal to hold thofe tor friends or focs,whomfoever the Romans reputed theirs. And 
 when they were defirous to draw from the Senators thus much , as to know in what points, «nd 
 howfarforth, they fliould fubmitthemfelves to the dilcretion oftheSenat ; they could haveno 
 certain anfwer to build upon. And thus without any peace obtiincd,they were difmifled,wirh ex- 
 prels commandment to void theCitythatvery day, andtobegone out of /m/; within 15 dayes 
 following. Then they fell toconfultation intheSenataboutthegovernraentoftheConfularpro- 
 P vinces. Both Confuls delired to have the charge of Greece. And Lxli:ts was a great man with the 
 
 Senat.Now when the houfc was minded that the Confuls fliould either caft lots or agree between 
 themfelvcs for their Provinces, he rofe op and faid, That it was more decent and befitting to put 
 the matter to the judgment of that honorable court,than to iheblind hazard of lots.To thfs Scipiff 
 for the prefent made anfwer. that he would confider better of it : and after he had conferred tc- 
 cretly with his brother apartfwhoadvifedhimtobeboldand put it totheSenit)he''avei<«//«/ 
 coundcrlfand, that he was content to do as he would have him. When this ftrangecourfe and 
 manner of proceeding(either new and unheard of before or clfe after fo long difeafeof thepra(51:ife 
 thereof. forgotten and taken up agsin) caufed the Senat to arm themfelves againft a great ftrife and 
 centcmion, then P.Scipio ^^/rir^wni faid. That if they would ordain hisbrother /.. Scipioio have 
 Q the Province of Greece he would accompany him in that voiage.in quality of his Lientenant.This 
 one word of his (accepted of them all with a general confcnt^ (iaied all debate : for a great mind 
 they had to make a trial,whether v4«wi.?/beii^ vanquiflied could aid King AntiochusmoTe.th^n 
 ^fricanm the Conqueror afliftthe Conlul and the Roman legions. And all in a manner afiV'ned 
 Greece to 5c;p.(?,and Italy to Ldlius. But thePretors had their Provinces, fet out to them by lot; 
 L. Aurunc deius obtained thecivil jurildi6tion ofcitizens,and L.Fulvius offorainers : L.JEwvlms 
 Regilliis was L. Admiral of the armado, P. /«»/W governed Tufcany^ m, Titccius Apulia and the 
 
 Tit 2 Brutii,
 
 „*S T befevenandtbmiethBoo\^ofTJJivms. 
 
 Brutii, and L. Atinius Sicily. Moreover that Conful,who was to be employed in Greece, had a H 
 ccmmiflioD graDied,befides that army which be (houldreceive oiM.ActtiH'iind thofe weie two 
 k'^ions) to turnifti himfelf withafupplyof 3000 footmen,and loohorfemenofRomaDtkizens; 
 alfo of 5000 fooCjand 200 horfe of allies that were Latins : and befides^granied it was in the fame 
 commiflion, that when he was arrived into his Province, he fhould pafs over with his army into 
 ^/>«i,if he thought it I'o expediencfor the Common-weal. 
 
 Unto the oLherConful was allowed anentire whole army of new fouldiers, confifiing of two 
 Roman le-'ions, and fiiteen thoufand toot and fix hundred horfe of the Latin allies. Q^AUnmius 
 haddireflTon (by reafon that he wrote how he had performed in his Provinceall that there was 
 to be done, and that the wholeNation of the Li^urians had yeelded fubjeftion) to tranflate his 
 forces out of Liguria into the Boians countrey, and to deliver the fame to P. Cornelius the Pro- \ 
 conful. Out of that territory which he had taken «way from them after they were vanquifhed, 
 thofe City legions were withdrawn, which had been levied and enrolled the year before ; and 
 committed they were to the charge of M.Tuccius the Pretor, befides 15000 foot, and 6000 
 horfe of Latrne allies : and all thefc forces were to be employed for to defend and keep in obe- 
 dience,^f«/wand the Bruiisns countrey, Asfor A.Comeltus the Pretor of the former year,( who 
 with an army had the government of the Brutii) he was commanded to deliver unto M. Acilius 
 (if the Conful thought fogood) the legions tranfported over into iEtf/;<i, if he would remain 
 there Rill : but if ^a//«i would rather return to Romst then A, Cornelius with that army, was to 
 remain in Afo/i.'?. Thought good it was, that C. ^f/w«jL<j^fo fhould receive of J<f.«^w)/;«j, 
 the government of Sicily and his army : and if it pleafed him, to take up and enrol out of tb -.t very j^ 
 Province 2000 foot and 1 00 horfejor to fupply and fulfill the broken companies. T.^m-aius Bru- 
 rw^haucommandmentto levy a new army for the government oiTufcanj to wit,cneRoman legi- 
 on, and 1 0000 foot ofLatine allies, and 400 horle. Alfo .:>.jE«;///W the Admiral, was to receive 
 of At. /«w/JthePretorof the former year, twenty Gallies, and the mariners and oars thereto 
 belonoing ; andbefides, to levy himfelf 1000 mariners more, and 2000 footmen: and with 
 thofelliips and fouldiers to fail into ^y?^, and to receive the fleet of C.i/w«r. As for them that 
 were already in the government of both the Provinces oiSfaimnA of S<<r^<»/4,they were to con- 
 tinue there dill for one year longer, and to have the fame armies at command. This year were 
 two tenths of corn levied of S/c//;' and S<«r<i<»/(«; and order was given for all the Sicilian corn to 
 be fenc into jEro//<j to the army: but out of S<?r^w/^, that one part (hould be brought to ^owf, ^ 
 and the other tranfported over into JEtolia^ even to the fame place that the other oiSieil^ afore- 
 
 Before the Confuls fet forward into their Provinces, it was thought meet, that the Poniifies 
 fhould oive order for the expiation ot certain prodigies : for at Rome the Temple oiluno Luctna 
 
 was fmiiten with lightning ; fo as both the lantern,yea,ard the leaveddores thereof, were foul- 
 at l'uteoli,the Town walls in many places, and 1 
 
 ly disfigured. Likewifeat tuteoli,ths Town walls inmany places,and one gate, was blafted with 
 Ijehtning, and two men befides vxereflrutken dead therewith. -htNurfiait was for certain 
 known, that the day being fair and cleer,there3rofe a Iiormytempel^,wherein alfo two free men 
 loft their lives. The Tuxulans reported, that with them it rained earth. And the men of Reate 
 brought word, that within their territory a female mule foled. Thefe prodigies (I fay J were ex- w 
 piated:andtheLatinefeftivalholy-daies werecelebratedanew,forthat thedoleoffieili wasnoc 
 oiven anto the Laurentins, which of duty fl^ould have been delivered. Moreover, a folemnfup- 
 plication was ordained, in regard of all errours and faults efcaped ii} divine fervice and religions 
 obfervances. Alfo out of the books oiSb^lUi, the Decemvirs declared and fhewedjto what Gods, 
 facrifice fhould be made: and ten young fpringals free born, and ten Virgins likewife^whofe Fa- 
 thers and Mothers yet livedjWere employed about the minifiery ofthofefacrifices. The Decem- 
 virs alfo by night facrificed young fucklings. And P. Cornelius Scipio Africams. before he took his 
 journey, erei\ed an arch in the Capitol (over-again(f the high ftreet that leadeih thither) with 7 
 gilded fiatues and 2horfes: and before that arch, he fet up two cefterns or lavers of marble. A- 
 boutthis time,43 principal perfons of jfifo/M, (among whom were Democritut and hisbrother)jq 
 were conveighed to Rome-, by two Squadrons or cohorts fent ofpurpofe from M.Aciltus) and 
 ' Uutumix,or there were laid up faft in the prifon called * The Rone quarries : which done, the cohorts afore- 
 Uiomix. faid werecommandedby L.Ce^^f/wtheConfulj to make return to the army. VtomPtolomeus 
 3r)d Cleopatra (King and Queen of ^^^■pf) there came Embafladors, teftifyingtheir joy which 
 they conceived in the behalfofthe Romans, in thefe terms, That ylf.^f/7/«j the Conful had char 
 fed King Ayit-.ocbus out of Grfe«;exhorting alfo the Romans to tranfport an army into Afic: for 
 that not In Jfia only,but like wife in S;rw,allmen werefmitten with fear and amazed. As for the 
 KK. of j£?;fr, they would be ready to do for theirparts, whatfoever the Senat fliould fet down. 
 Thanks were returned to the K. and Q. aforefaid, and order was taken, that to the Embaffadors 
 for a reward fliould be given 4000 brafenAffesapeece. ^^ 
 
 L. Cornelius the ConfuI, having accomplifhed all things to be done at Rome, publifhed an 
 Edict in a general affembly,That afwell thofefouldiers whom himfelf had enrollealfor fupply, as 
 they who were with h.CorncHusia the Brutianscountry,fliould all meet at 5r«W«yj«»« upon the 
 <• ot iH), jjgj pf » Q^iattlis. Moreover he nominated three Lieutenants, S^a-. Digitiits-, L.Apufiius, and C. 
 Fakric'iis Lufcimis-, for to gather fliips together out of all the Sea-coafls into Br-r/iAufitim. And 
 when he had prepared and fet all things in good order, he departed from the City, clad in bis 
 
 rich
 
 Tbefeven andtbirtieib Boo\ of T.Li^ius. y^g 
 
 f^ iiKh coat of arms. There prefented unto the Coniul as he wenclortb-to the number of 5000 vo+ 
 luntaxies4^omaDS and allies together, who had lenedtLeirJiili years in tiic wars under the con- 
 dudTt oiP.AfricAnm^ind now were exempt from lonldierv, who jli ottered to go with mm and to 
 be enrolled as preH fonldiers.Much at the time that the CunUil took his joijrncy(duriDg the felii- 
 val Apollinare games in the honour of ^p//o, upon the f,ft day before the ides ot/«/r^ it chan- 
 ced, that in the day time when the air was deer and fair, there afolc a fuddain d,ukncfs diirin" 
 the Edipfe of the fun, by reafon that the body of ciie moon wasdiredly underthe Circle and 
 rundle of thefuii. LMwyltus R^^iiHus aMo Admiral or the war, at the fame time went to Sea, L 
 A^runciiUitts was charged by ordL-r from the Senst, to build 30 Galcaces with five bank, of oars, 
 and 20 Gallies witfi three banks, becaiife a bruit was blown and ciazcd abroad, that Amiochui 
 g upon the late battail at Sei, was about to prepare a much greater arm^ido. 
 
 TheyEtolian5,aitertlieirEmba(l3dors were returned from A'^wc and had made relation that 
 there was no hope or peace, albeit all their Sca-eoa[is (eipeciahy toward I'lljpoimejusJ were Ipoi- 
 led and waltedby the Adia;ans. yet mindingmorctbeirpcrlilikctoeniue ihanremcmbrino their 
 lofsreceived, feized thcmoimtainf or,ix. intending to impca.h jnd itop inepallageoftiicRo- 
 mans. Fortheymade noqueiion noruoiibt, but tliat the next iprin^tney wou.d return to be- 
 |iege and aflank NMpalturn. Acil::ii^ who vvilfweii what they expcCtc(i,thou;jntit better to 00 
 i^ hand with an enterpriie unlocked tor, and namery :o aliail /-;»/; : ; for thi's bethought. That 
 feeing they had been already brought to a gre.u Itraic and extremity by Kinj^ PhiLp ; now they 
 might be taken fuddainly andfurpriled at unawares, bccaufe they l^ood in fear of nothing lefs. 
 Q VVhereupon, removing from £//!//.?, heencamped Hril in thecouniry of his enemies neertothe 
 Ri er </)err/>?«j : from whenreby night he dillodged. andidvanced forthwith his enfi<ins,and by 
 theday break had invelied their v»-ails round abonr. (.jreat tear and hurly there was, as in an acci- 
 dent unlocked tor : yet all that day they defended the City more f efoaniyjthan a man wouid have 
 believed and ttiought they coilld have done in lo uiddain a danger : whiles menriood at defence 
 upon tne walls women let up ladders in many pla.es, and brongtit the men weapons .-.nd darts 
 otali forts yea and 1 ones up to the ^vall.'; vinto them. Acidus, nfter lie had founocd the retreat, 
 brought back his men into the camp about noon: and atrerthcy h ad there refrefhed their bodies 
 with meat and ret* he gave them warning (betore he diimiiiedtlie AV«f^ .«-;)thacere d..v-ii°hc 
 the next morning they fliouid be ready in arms: for that he would not lomc back a-Min with 
 Pj them into the camp, before they '.vere maiiers of the Town. At the fame time as the diy bi-.ore> 
 hegaveaflauitin many places: and for as much as the Townfmens drength decaied, their darts 
 and weapons failed, and above all, their he irrs fainted, within tew hours he wan the City, Attet 
 hehad m.-.dc a riddance ot'the pillage, fold ferns pjrt, andgl,enaway tnerelt , hefeiltotake 
 cornile: w'lattodo afterwards. There was not one man of opinion to go againtr N^-^paltnnt.xoa- 
 fidering that the iEtolians held and kept the pal's ofr-r/iv. Howbelt ^«V<«j, totSeend thathe 
 wouldnot keep the field in fimmer witlioncdoing Come exploit, and that the i£to ians miuhc 
 not enjoy that peace by the tlacknesofthe Roman ibnidiers, which obtainthey -ould not at the 
 Senats hand, he purpnfed to behe^'.e AwphijJ'aiznd fo the nrmy was condu^led thither tf m He- 
 uicleof by the mouitain Oeta. When he had encamped hiinieii under the Town walls, ie be^an 
 £ not to inveli it round with menash*^ did Lumui. but with ordn-^nce and cngins to hatter it. In 
 maoy place? at once he ran wiihtheramagainif the wjIIs: and albeit they were fhakcn, the 
 Townfmen went not about either to make ready, or to devil'e and invent any means of defence 
 againlt that inHrumenrorengin. All their hope wasintrully armour and hardy valour. And fo 
 often they fallied iorth, that they dilordred and troubled not only the guards of the enemies, but 
 ah'o thole that attended about the fabricks and artillery, fiowbeit, in many places the wall was 
 battred andbreachesmade: and even at that very inth^nt news cameunto him, that his lucceffor 
 bad landed his army at ApolloKtii-,ir\d was coming by the way ot £;>/>«/ and 77;c^<j/r. Now came 
 the Conful with a power ot'i :50oo toot, and five hundred horle. And by this time was he paf- 
 fcd as far as to the vale and level of .l/.f/f.i: and having lent ccrnin afore to lummon the City Hy 
 fifitta-, and received ani'wer a^^ain, that they would do nothing but by a publick decree of the 
 ^tolians; becaufethehegeoff/ijj.rf.ifhouldnot llay him, and Awphijfanot yet won, he led his 
 torcesagainft it, and I'cnthis brother A/r/r.(««; before. Ere they came, the Oppidans had quit 
 the Town, for by this time the wall in many places lay open and naked, and were all fled armed 
 and unarmed into aCafiie which they had, impregnable. The Conful pitched his tents fix miles 
 from the Town. 
 
 Thither arrived the Athenian Embafl'adors, and firft they repaired to P.Scipioyiho^^?. we have 
 laid, was gone before the main army, and afterwards to theConfvl, intreatingiorthe .-ttohans. 
 Of the twain they received a gentler anlvver at the hands ofA/r/c./ww/, who I'eeking feme honetfc 
 occafion to leavethe^tolian war, let his heart and eye wholly upon A/»^ and King A»f/W:;«j: 
 Q and to this purpoie he willed the Athenians toperfwade not only with the Romans but alfo with 
 the iEiolians, to prefer peace before war. And fpecdily, through the motion and perfwafion of . 
 the Arhenians there wasa folemnembaflageofthe .Ctoliansdifpatchedfrom i/yp/jfrf. Induced 
 " they were the rather to hope for peace by the Ipeech oi' ylf-ira-mt (for to him they came hrft) 
 "who dilcotined unto them, how that many Nations and Cities in i^.r/wfirtt, afceikvards in 
 " Africk,-, had put themielves under his protedion, and in them all he had left greater teftimonies 
 ''oi his clemency and bounty, than of his warlike \ alour and martial prowefsT Thus they hnd 
 
 Ttt ? brought
 
 7 be feven and thirtieth Bool\^ o/T.Livius. 
 
 brought th« matrer (as they thought) to a good pafs, and made it lure : but when they ca me be- H 
 fore the Contiil, they had the fame anfwerothim,with which they were fent awaytrom the Se- 
 nate and commanded to avoid. The jEtolians wounded therewith anew, leeing ihey could wi-o 
 nothin" neither by the mediation of the Athenian embaflage, nor the gracious anfwer of ^fri- 
 camr faid, they would make report thereof unto their States and country-men. So, they re- 
 turned from thence to Hypata, where they were to feck what to do, and could not rcfolve : for 
 neither had they whereof to raife a thou.and talents: and again, if they fhouidabfolutely put 
 themteh es into their hand«, they (eared to feel thelmart thereof in their bodies. Therefore they 
 commanded the fame Embafladors to go again to the Conful and to Jfricams, and to exhibit a 
 petition, that if they were minded indeed and verity to grant them peace, and not by vain fhew 
 and femblance only to frulirate and delude the hope of poor fuppliants.they would either rebate j 
 them .1 quantity of ihatgrand fum of money,or elle accept fo of their ahlolute Uirrender- that no 
 free citizen might be touched thereby in hisperfon. But nothing could be gotten at the Confuls 
 hands, for to alter or relent any jot: thus was this embaflage ailofent away as it came, and no- 
 thing done. The Athenians came after them in place, the principal man of whofe embaflage, Eche- 
 /<fwK/, feeing the ^Etolians wearied with fo many repuUes, and lamentably to no purpole bewail- 
 ing the mi ertb e elbte of their country ; put them (till in fome new hope, and gav e them i ouniel 
 to crave truce tor fix moneths, that they might addrefs their Bmbiflador.s to Rome andreteivean 
 anfwer from thence •• fhewing unto them, that this delay Lould not augment their prefent calami- 
 ty, which could not worfebe ; but contra ry- wife ,time and "pace coming between might afFoord 
 many accidents whereby their prefent milery might be mitigated and a layed. So by the advice yi 
 of ecWfwMJ, the fame men were fent once again who had communed before with P.Scipio,ir\d 
 by his means obtained ot the Conful a truce tor that term ; which was the thing they craved. 
 The (:ege being r,)ired before Amfh (f-i^, M. /-Jai'Hs, after he had delivered up his army into the 
 hands of the Coniui, refigned his government, and departed our ot the Provmce : ard the Con- 
 ful likewiie from Amphif.i returned into Thefalj, intending through Macedony and Thraa a to 
 condotl his army into y/y?.?. 
 
 Then Afrtcamt entred into fpecch with his brother, and faid : " The journey which yon en- 
 *' terprife L. SapiOf 1 for my part approve and think well of. but all reHeth in the will ai d plea* 
 *« fure of Thilip : who if he be fa(i and faithful to the (fate and Empire of A'owf , he will grant us 
 *'pafrage, he will afford us vi6tuals, he willfurnifli us withallthings. whiih infolonga voyage t 
 ''are neceffary to the help and lulienanceofour army : but i he fail and for ake us once, you 
 '•mufl makeai-compt of no fateiy and lecurity throughout aAThi^cia: therefore lam of advice 
 " thu theKing<: afftdionbe hrii loundcd. And that will heft be done if rhemifltnger who fhail 
 "bedifp t'.htd unto him, m.iy come upon him on a luddain, and take him unprovided and ha- 
 "• vino no time to put my prcpenfed plot in praftile. T. ^en^p-omtis GraccI us, » mo(t nimble and 
 adVive yonng Genilem n, was at that time choien tor the hiteH per'on to perform this a6f ion: 
 who taking frcfh polf Horfes all the way as he rode, with in> redibie celerity made I'u.h ipeed, 
 thn from A n^pbi fa (for thence he had his difpatth) in three daycs fpace, he arrived at Pr//*. 
 The King vvas at a fea(i or banket when he came, and wine he hadtakenfullliberaily. Ard fin- 
 din'z hiin thusdi'pofed tofoiaceand recreat hisl'pirits, he had noreifon to lufpeiithat hewas j^ 
 minr^ed and inclined to any change or alteration : and fo for that time this guelt was bidden wel- 
 come, and had good cheer made him. The morrow after, hefaw the provifionofvi^^ualsin 
 oreat ftore ready for he armies , he beheld the Bridges made over the Riv£rs,and the hi^h wayes 
 mended and prepared; where padaoe was diffiLult. With thefe intelligences he returned to the 
 Conful, with asgreat fpecd as he went and met him at Thaumaci. From whence, thearmyin 
 much joy. and with greater and more afri)redhope,entredintoy1i^f<<iff>?y; where all was provi- 
 ded to their hands. TheKingattheircomingreceived themrightlfately,and at their departure 
 conduced ;hemontheway asro>ally. Very willing, ready and courteous he fhewed himfeif : 
 which Africaj'Hs much liked and highly commended, being a man, asin all other things fngular, 
 foin allowing ofelegancy and humanity, if it were without fuperfluity and excefs, nothing nice kj 
 andttreight-iaced. Thus they held on their journey unto //<?//, ijj»r«/, palling through Mactdo- 
 ny and Thr-ice^ iod Fhilip (fill accompanied them, and provided all things for their ufeafore- 
 ftard. 
 
 After the battail fouj'ht at Sea neer Corycum^ v4;jf/Wi«^ having had all the wirter time free 
 withnnr anyempeachment tofurnifh himfeif with forces both for Land and Sea, above all things 
 fhidied anddevifed how torepair his fleet, for fear he fhould be quite difleizedand difpofleffed 
 of the Sea. And evermore thisran in his mind, that he had an overthrow, and yet theRhodians 
 fleetwas away. Forthus he cafl with himfeif, that if they alfo fliould be prefent at the next con- 
 i\]R (and furcly the Rhcdians, thought he w'll not for any thino be behind again) he then fliould 
 have need of a mighty number offhips,to match the enemies Armado as wellipgreatnes as good- ^ 
 . re(<!. And therefore he had both fent yi»»/W into .S'yr- <jfortotikeupthefhips of the Phsni- 
 cians. and alfocomm-nded Polyxeyiidof to Ttpi\t thofe veflels which he had alre.-'dy and to make 
 and rif others with fo mnch morediligence ashis fight afore was lefs fortunate. H-mfelf paffed 
 the winrerin /'/'rrf '4 and feeking for aid out of all places, he fent out as ^3rs$\v\o Grilotrscia, 
 The people there at that time were great warriors ; keepinghill the rcrTayec of Crauls forthat 
 the race of thatnaiion was not yet extinil and worn out. His fon Seleucm he had lett m£^lu with 
 
 an
 
 The [even and thirtieth Boo\ of T.Livius. * n^^ 
 
 - an army to keep the maritime Cities inobcdienccj which £«OT?»fj from P.rr^<«/w/// of one fide, 
 and the Romans from 'Phocn.i and Erythm on the other lide, folJicited to rebeliion. The Roman 
 fleet, as Ifaid before, wintered at C<j«<«. 1 hither in the midsalmo(U)lvvinter came £«wfwx 
 with two thoufand foot, and a hundred horfe. Who havinggiven out unto Livins, that great 
 prizes might be raifed out oUhe enemies territory about 7 /.^..f/nzjhad lo perlwaded and wiouohc 
 with him, that he fent with him five thoufand louldiers : who being let forth co this rode and ex- 
 pedition, in few dayes drove away a mighty booty. Amid thefematters.therehnpned a mutiny 
 in PhoKt-t-, by occahon otfome that would ha\ewithdrawnand turned away the hearts ofthe 
 multitude unto King ^wr/oo.w. The wintering of the fleet was chargeable to t!i.u City. The 
 impofition of a tribute was heavy, in regard that they were put to the finding otiive hundred 
 fidevalTockSjand as many coats for liveries : the karcity otcornalfo was grievous nnto them; for 
 ** whididefault thelliipsand the Roman gjrrifon abandoned the place and departed : whereupon 
 that faction which in all their fpeeches and allemblies drew thetommon people to hde with v^«- 
 tiochns, was rid of »ll fear. The Senat and tlie principal citizens ot Pl.wcit:.: were of opinion to con- 
 tinue to the la(f, inthe nlTociationof the Romans: but the perfwadeis and counfellers of are- 
 volt were of more credit with the multitude. 
 
 The Rhodians were not fo flow liielnmmer part, but they were as forward nowinthefprin'': 
 for before m\d-March^ they fent out the lame Pstijifinnus Admiral of a fleet of fix and thirty fail. 
 And o) this timeLmx^loofed from Ca- a, and failed toward Hellcfpontui-, with thirty fliips, and 
 feven (jailies ot four banks of oars, which King Eumenes had brought with him, to the end that 
 hemi«ht prepare things net effary tor the palVage of the army, which he fuppofcd would come by 
 ^ Land. And firO hefell with the bay or pore which they call, The rode oithe' Achsans, from » ^ 
 
 whence h.'^WL-'. •'. lo //;.•/;>;, \vhere,after he had facrificed to ./iy/w?-z/.?jhega\e gracious audience j, '"'■*.''''>' 
 tottieemoaftagssotthe neighbors bordering, whichcamefrom Eletis^ T) ard.jyiu!,znd Rhmmm^ »l*mkTrey.' 
 who -ommitic" 'heir C'.tJes unto hisprbtedion. From thence he directed hiscourfe tothe 
 ftreighrs of Hell''ho>'.tm and leaving ten fliips in the rode over-again(t ^bydus-, with the reli of the 
 fleet,nepafl"cdo^er into£wr-<»;)f,toaflaultSe/?o/. As the armed fouldicrs approached theirvvalls, 
 thefrantick Pne.[\%o(^yhel called 6^v//«-, bereft of their wits prefentcd themlc-Ues firll unto them 
 before their gates', in their folemn habit and vellmentS; faying. That they being thcfervancs and 
 miniffersof Dame Cyhele rhi mother of the Gods, were come by the indind and commandment 
 ofthatgoddefstobefeech the Roman General to fpare the walls and the City. And not one of 
 D tliem had any harm done unto them.Anon,the whole body of iheSerwt with the Magiflrats came 
 forth to yeeld the Town. From thence they croffed over to Abydus^vihtxt (after many parlies, in 
 whichtheyhnd founded their minds and could have no anfvver tending to peace) theyaddrefled 
 themfelves CO lay fegetoiheCity-and to affaukit. 
 
 Whiles thefe things fiood thu': about i/J/.'^o»r, Polyxe»idaiz^hoAhT\ horn, but banifhed 
 hiscountrey, ar.da Captain orKing ,^?;r(W;;.'i,hearing that a Rhodian fleet was gone to Sea, and 
 that 'Taufiftr-'tus their Admiral, had in open audience given out certain proud and dildainful 
 fpeeches gainO him,ent red into a privat quarrel with him tofling and devifuig in his mind night 
 and day noth'Pf? el'e, but how he might by fome etfeitual and worthy deeds, chei.k and confute 
 thofe brave and glorious words of his. He difpatched cheretore unto himasa meflenger, a man 
 well known unto him, with credence and inrtrudions to give him to underlbnd, thathimfelf 
 would :'if he might,* Hand both Paafiflratm and hiscountry in goodflead : and that PanftflratHi 
 (if it pleafedhim) had means to reftore him again into his native country. \S\\zr\?iUiftjiratus 
 marvailed here r, and was vervinqniliiivc to know how this might he effeifted ; andgavehim 
 his faithful promife ('atbisrequell) either to joyn with liim in the a(5\ion, or elfe to conceal all 
 and keep couniel : then the meflenger declared, that Po/).vf«/^rf^ would makeover unto him the 
 Kings navy cither entire, or the greater part th^eof: and in confiderationandreccmpenceof 
 this fo great demerit, he defired no more but that he might return into his country. The impor- 
 tance of this matter was fo great, that he neither believed his words, roryet negle(5tedand de- 
 fpifedihe fame. So he went to A'^/;o>-»;« f,a place in the Land ofS<«»;o/ and ihere he abodetoview 
 ''and fee the thing that was offred unto him, Courriers there ran between, and never would Paw 
 /;/?i'^f«/ give credit to the party, until Poljxenidai wrote a letter with his own hand in the pre- 
 fence of his faid meflenger, that he would perform whatl'oever he had promifed, yea, and fent the 
 fame letters fealed with his own fign Manual. By this fure pledge orgage, /'.w//y?r<if«/ made full 
 account that he had the traitor furely bound and obliged unto him. Forihus he thought, that 
 i*(?/KA-ir«/W.M living as a fubjecl under the King, would never hazard the danger of fuch pregnant 
 matter to appear againft himlelf,teflified under his own hand- writing : fo from that time forward 
 the means of this pretended and counterfeit trcafon wasdevifcd and agreed upon, Polyxentdas 
 gave him ro underhand, that be would of pnrpofe lay afide and negled preparation of all furni- 
 ^ ture, that he would neither haverowersnor other mariners in any number about his fleet : mote- 
 over, under a colour of calkingandcalfrettinghcwould lay up fomefliipsondry Land: others 
 he would fend away into the havens ncerat hand, and keep fome few riding at anchor before £- 
 fh /'fin the haven, and thofe (if he were forced to battail J be would fet out to fight. The fame 
 nesUgence that Paufifiratn^ heard fay PolyxtnidM would ufe in hisfleet thefame himfelfprefent- 
 lyfhewedinhisown. Forfomeofhis fliips he fentto f/<j/;r<ir«4j7«/forvi6lualsiand other to S^- 
 mos the City, to the end that he might be in readinefs when the traitor gave the f goal of affault.
 
 Jbefeven and thirtieth Bao^ o/T.Lmu& 
 
 Polyxcmdas ftillby talfe femblance encreafed the errors and vai» imaginatioos ofTauJlJiratus : for H 
 fome fhips indeed he drew aland and laid up dry : and as if he meant to hale up more, he repaired 
 and amended cbe docks. Oremen and mariners he fentnot forth out of their winter harbors to 
 «To to Epbefisjhm fecretly affembled ihcm to Ma^-fiefio. Now it fortuned that a certain fouldier 
 lerv in? under King A«r;oc^w/j who was come to Samot about fome private affairs of his own,was 
 spprebended there for a ipy,and brought to Panormns before the Admiral Paufjlratus. Whojbe- 
 jn'^ demanded what they did at Efhcjus ; 1 know not whether for fear, or uponfmall loyalty that 
 he bare to his Prince find countrey; difcovered i\\ ■ namely,that the fleet rid in the haven ri^;ged, 
 decked and trimmed in readinefs : Jtem^ that allthe rowers and mariners were fent to "infjias in 
 Ma/rue fa : Item^ that lome velfels,and thofe very few, were drawn up to land, and thedock? and 
 harbors were fliut up clofe: andlaftly, that never at any time before, the navy wa focarefnlly I 
 looked imto^ nor Sea-affairs fo well managed. But the mind oiP^mfifiratus was lo pnfltfled be- 
 fore, with foolilh conceits and vain hopes, that he would not believe thefe informations and in- 
 telligences for true. Polyxenidoi having fet all things forward and ingood readinels.by night (enc 
 for thero wers and mariners from MagnefiA : and having in great halt fhot to Sea, ^nd let aflote 
 rhofe vcffcl?; which lay at one fide upon the land, after he had fpent the whole day, not fo much in 
 making provifion, as trifling out the time on fet purpofe, becaufe he would not have the fleet to 
 beleen when it fet forih,weighed anchor andlcofed after the fun was gone down: and with 70 
 fail of covered fhips, becaufe he had acontrary wind, entred the Bay of P/^/s/.' before day where 
 refiinc all theiivelongday for the fame purpofe as betore, the next night he failed to the neerett 
 coartsof Samos. From whence he gave commandment to one A7/c^w5fy an Archpirat,tofetfail k 
 ioiPaliMmi!-, with five dofe covered fliips, there to land; and from thence to march with his 
 armed fouldiers over the fields the neeretf way to Panormns, and to come sipon the back of the 
 enemies: himfelfin the mean while divided hisfleetintoiwoparts.andmade way to P,inormuSy 
 there to keep the entry and mouth of thehaven on both fides. Pattftfirattis at firii wa? troubled 
 for a while at this unexpCfJied occurrent : but afterwards, as one that was an old beaten fonldier, 
 he quickly took heart again, and calling his wits together, fuppofed that he might more eai^ly re- 
 pulfe the enemies by Land than by Sea ; and led hisfouldiersin two Squadrons unto the promon- 
 tories which bearing out into the Sea like two horns, to force the haven: from which two capes 
 or heads he fuppofed that he might eafily fet back and put by the enemies with fliooting darts 
 from both fides. But Nicander who was lent by Land,impeacfied this defign of bis,fothathe was l 
 forced fuddainly to change his mind and alter that courfe, and therefore commanded all his men 
 to go a fliipboord and away. Hereupon exceeding fear there was both among the fouldiers and 
 alfo the mariners, as if they were to take their flight by Sea and not to fight feeing themfclves in- 
 vironed at once both by Land and Sea. P^w//_/?/-^f«/fuppofing the only way to efcape and fave' 
 themfelves, was to make way through the Rlouth of the haven,and fo to recover tea-room ; after 
 he had fecnall his men embarked, commanded the reft to follow, and himfclffirH plying and la- 
 bouring hard with oars, fcudded amain with his fhip to the entrance of the haven. Now when 
 fhe was once paft the (freight and come into the open Szi^Polyxe»idtu was there to welcome him 
 with three Galeaces of five banks of oars,and fobefet him. The poor fhip was wounded with the 
 iron pikes bearing out in the beak heads of the Galeaces, and fo bouged and funk withal. The w 
 defendants upon the hatches were overwhelmed with fhot of darts,3nd among the iz'^^PmfiftrA- 
 ttts himfelf manfully fighting loft his life. The reft of the (hips were boorded and taken,fome before 
 the haven, others within: and fome there were that by Nicander were feized as they laboured to 
 loofefrom the land, and tolanch forth. Five fhips only of i?W«, and two of Cow efcaped deer 
 and fled,which made themfelves way even among the thickeft oftheirenemies;by the means of a 
 fearful burning flame of fire that they had with them. For they fet me two long perches orpoles 
 bearing forward at the prow, like two fprit-fails, ineveryfhip, carying iron pots and pans afore 
 them. full of light fire. The GaUies olErythrea, meeting the Rhodian (hips not far from Samot as 
 they fled, the which were coming to help them, turned theircourfe backward into Hellefpontuj, 
 unto the Romans. About the fame ilvncSc/eucut gained the City oiPhocAa by treafon, entring in j^ 
 at a gate which the warders fet open of purpofe for him. And for fear, C;»;^ and other Towns ot 
 that coaft revolted unto him. 
 Whiles thefe things thus pafled in j£o/ft»,and that hhydas had endured the fiege for certain dayes 
 by the defence of the Kings garrifon that manned the walls : now that all were overtoiled and 
 wearied,the Magiftrats of the City ('by the permilTion of Philotoi Captain of the garrifon) articled 
 with Livius upon conditions to render the Town. The only point whereupon they ftood, and 
 which ftayedthe conclnlion, was this, for that they could not agree whether the Kings fouldiers 
 (bould be fent away armed or difarmed. And whiles they debated hereabout, news came of the. 
 Rhodians defeat,3!Rl fo the opportunity of gaining the Town dipt out of their hands. For Ltvius 
 fearing, left Volyxo'iidM puffed up with the fuccefs of fo great an exploit, would furprize the fleet q 
 that rid at C^««,leaving prcfently the fiege before Kbydus, and the garding o'iHellefpont, pur • oSea 
 afrelh thofe fliips that lay dry atC^;?<(;. And EameM came to Elea: Bui Livias went to Vhocaa. 
 with all his fleet,to vvhich he had adjoyned two trireme gallies of Mitylena. But when he he.ird 
 fay K was kept with a firong garrifon of the Kings,& that Stleucus wasencamped not far off,after 
 he had pilled the fea-coa(t and charged haftily his fliips with a good booty,&: thofe were prizesof 
 mcnefpecisity, he flayed .no longer the'-e than umil£«wM«might overtake him with his fleet, 
 
 but
 
 The [even and thirtieth Boo{ of T.Livius. ^ y^q 
 
 f but direfted his courfe ftreight loSamos. The Rhodians upon the firft news of this their over- 
 throw, tearcd much, and withal mightily lorrowed : tor behdes the lofs of their Sea-lbuldiers and 
 fhips, they lort alio the very Hour and Hrength of their youth : tor afmuch as many young Gentle- 
 men of cheirnobilityjaccompanied Paailjtratus, among other motives.ii^ regard ofhis a°uthority 
 whiLh was right great and tor good defertamong his country-men. But afterwards conhderim' 
 howcreacheroufly they were over-wrought, and namely, by one ot their own citizens, born i~ 
 mongthem,theirmelancholy turned into choler.andtheirforrowinto anger. Whereupon they 
 
 fent forth ten fliipsimmediatly, and lewdayes after other ten,under the conduftot'£«<^.^w«/ the 
 Admiral over them all .• who albeit he were not for other feats ot arms and manial skill equal to 
 Faufifirattii^ yet they fuppofed verily he would be a leader fo much the more wary and circum- 
 g fpea, as he was the lefshardy and couragious. The Romans and King Eume^ti firii fell with the 
 Hand ErythrA.iy where they (iayed one nighc,and the morrow ^iter gamed the point oi Corycas a 
 promontory ot the Teians, From whence when they purpofed to crois over to the neereR parts of 
 Samosy not waititigfor the fun-rihng, by whiv-hthe Pilots might obfer.ethe dilpo, tion of the 
 weather, they boiled up fails againti a very doubtful and dangerous tempeti : for the wind turned 
 from North-eaft to full North, as they were in the mids of their courfe, whereby they bean to 
 be mightily toffed among the furging billows of the rough and angry Sea. I'olyxcnidM fuppofin<^ 
 that the enemies would take their courfe direilly loSamos^ there to joyn with theRhodian 
 f^eet, departed trom Ephe'us, and firft anchored it yl/^ow////: from thence he fuled to an Hand 
 called ^<«cric to the end chat as the enemies fleet failed by he might takeadvantage to fet upon 
 • either fome fhips fingled and fevered from the body of the fleet or play upon the tail and rereoard 
 ' thereof. After that he perceived the whole-fleet to be difperled by tbrce of the tempefi^^ he 
 thought (Trft to take that occafion to fall upon them: bucche wind rifing (till more and more »nd 
 raifmg greater wav es, becaufe he fa w he could not poflibly come neer to boord them,he cut over 
 to the Hand fr/;.;//^} minding thenextday loaflail thefliips in the main Sea as they pafled to S^- 
 mos. Some fmall number of the Roman fhips in the bcginningofthenight put into the haven of 
 S.tw»V«, which they found void and empty: the reft of the fleet after they had been tolled and 
 tormented all the night long in the deep, at length light upon the fame harbor. Where bein^ td- 
 vertifed by the peafants of the country , that the enemies fliips lay in the rode of AthaHa^xhty fell 
 to conlult, whether prefemly to bid battail and put it to the hazard, or expect the arrival of the 
 , Rhodian fleet. Deferring therefore that enterprife('for fo upon advcrtifement they were agreed^ 
 they traverfed to Corycusy from when.e they came. VolyxenUlM likewife,havingftaid at anchor in 
 vain returned to Ephifns : and then the Roman fhips, while the Seas were thus deer of enemies 
 failed over to Samos. Thither alfo arrived the Rhodian fleet few daies after: and that it mi^ht ap- 
 pear how long looked for it was, they allpretencly let failfor Eph.'fts, v/kh purpofe either to try 
 an iflue by a battel at Sea, or elfe if the enemy refuted the tryal, to exprefs and wrin" from him a 
 plain confeflionofcowardife: whii-h was a material point and of great importance to move the 
 minds of the other neighbour-cities. Being arrived to the very haven mouth, they embattailed 
 their fliips and flood directly affront oppofed untoir. And when they law none make fail nor let 
 outagainft them the one part thereof rode afloce at anchor flifl in the very haven mouth ; the 
 other difchan;ed the fouldiers and fet them a land. Upon whom (as they were driving a mighty 
 booty which they had raifcd by foraging all the country over) AKdronicniZ Macedonian, who lay 
 ingarrifon 3t£/)J^f/«#, fallied forth, evenasthey approached the walls of the City ; and havin" 
 eafed them of a great part of their prey aforefaid ,hc chafed them to thcSea unto their fliips. The 
 morrow 3''ter,the Romans having beflowed an ambufla about the mid-way between, marched in 
 order of battail againft the City, to fee if peradventure they could train forth the Macedonian a- 
 gain without the walls: but perceiving tlj«t no man durft come abroad for fufpicion and fear of 
 anawrit they returned to their fliips agan; and when they faw their enemies would not abide 
 them neither at Sea nor on Land, intheend theflcecfailedagainto 5,/wo/fromwhenceitcame. 
 Thence the Pretor mndeout two G allies of Italian confederats,and as many Rhodians under the 
 p conduit of Ep,rr<«^tv the Rhodian Admiral,to defend andkeep thcllreightsof Cfp^Wf«/^,which 
 ■ Hihyiji.ti the Lacedsmonian together with the youth Oi the Cephalcns, infefled with his roving 
 and robbing,infomuch as there could no (hips pafsbySea toandt'rowith victuals bet ween /r<«/)' 
 and that coafl. At Pyr£eunt Epicratei met with L.Aemilttu Re^iUw coming to fucceed in the Ad- 
 miralty : who hearing of the defeat of the Rhodians, and having hitrtfelf but two Qiiinquercme 
 Gal'eaces, broUi'hi£;)/,.r«i;f.'back with him into AfiMwkh four fliips. There accompanied them 
 alio the openfliip.-;ot rhe Atheniins, Andhe palTed overby theSea ' JEj^euw. Thither alfo ar- 
 rived Tim ficra.\s the Rhodian in thedead of the night with two Qj_iadriremegallies from Samos, " ^'tH'-*!.*' 
 Who beins brought unto ^Ewr/zw*, declared how he was fcnt to quiet and defend that Sea-coafl , 
 whuh theKinus roving fliips and men of war by their often cxcurlions from HelhfpoKtmznd A- 
 /- cyd /jhadmade too hot for the Hulks and other fliipsof burden which ufed to pafsthnt way. As 
 &n> I u, fai ed f om C'l^ios to Samo!- two Rhodian Qiiadriremc Gallies were lent by Liviu' to 
 meet him^ard K'ng Eunimes alfo with two Quinquereme galleaces piefemed himfelt'umo him.Be- 
 in.: all rrived at Samos .S.mjl:tt! after he had received the navy of L/t- /w/.and facrihced orderly as 
 themannerwas, ca led acouncel. At which C. L«w«^ (for his opinion was asked (irfl)lpake and 
 faid, " That no m 'n giveth mo e found and faithful counfel than he,who perfwadeth another man 
 * to that which himfelf would do in the fame cafe. As forme, my intent and purpofe was, to 
 
 ''go
 
 764 
 
 Jhefeven and thirtieth Boofi a/T.Uvius, 
 
 * Mtlaxo,'^ 
 ' S.Fittro. 
 
 irl>. 
 
 ' Ctbt Cnt, 
 
 * Ttttm. 
 
 " 00 aoainft E/j/be/^j with the whole armado, and thither to bring with me the veffels of burdcu H 
 "char'cd with heavy ballatt of gravel and fand, and to fink them in the very haven mouth, tor to 
 " choak it np. And to make this bar againft the haven, it was a matter (faid he) ot iels diffiLuky, 
 *' for that ihe'mouth and gullet of the haven,was in manner of a river,loDg,narrow, and fuii ot 
 " fhelfs and fliallows. By;which mean I {houldhavecut oft" the benefit of the Sea trotft the cntoiy, 
 *' and make iiim lofe the life altoocther ot his navy. But no man there befides himfelf thought 
 well of this device. Ring Eumenes demanded, what they would do then alter this chosking up 
 and Hoppage of the haven paflagc, by finking the (hips ? whether they would depart from ihence 
 with their own navy at liberty, to help their allies and terrifie and aftright their Ciiemies ; or ne- 
 ver the later Hill, l<ecpibehaven(ssitwerej in fiege with the whole fleet? For if they departed, 
 who could make doubt but that the enemy would pluck up thofe dams and bars that there lay I 
 drowned ; yea, and with lefs ado and trouble, open the haven again, than it was hopped ? and if 
 they meant totary there nevertheiefs, to what purpole then was the haven fhut up? But contra- 
 ty-wife, they within Ephefus (quoth he) being in furety for any dangerfrom their haven.and ha- 
 ting a moft rich and wealthy City of their own, furniflied with all things out of j4Jia,vf oald pafs 
 the fummer feafon in reft and repofc ; whiles the Romans floting in the open wide Sea,expofed to 
 the violence of waves and lying at the mercy of tempefts, fhould be driven to keep a continual 
 guard, disfurniAied of all things, and rather tied up and debarred themfelves, for being able to 
 cffcift thot'e things that were needful to be done, than in cafe to empeach and fhut up their ene- 
 mies. Then Eudamunhe Admiral of the Rhodian fleet, opined tor his part, and fpake to the 
 quertion, faying, That he rather difliked of that courfe;thanknew himfelfabetter,or could ad- K 
 vife what was to be done. Epicrates theRhoJian was ol mind, to leave Ephefm for the prefeor, 
 and to fend part of his fliips into Lycia, tor to affociate unto them Patarayihc capital City of that 
 nation: flicwing two things ofgreatconfequence, that hereby would accrue. For,boththeRho- 
 dians afliired of peace, and fecured from all danger of thofc quarters that lie about their Wand, 
 might thereby attend wholly, and employ all their forces upon the regard ot this only war againft 
 ^ntiDcbus: and alfo the Armado which was prepared in LycU might be (topped and empeached, 
 for ever joining with .Poljxe>tiditi.T\\n opinion imported ,and prevailed raoH. Howbeit,thought 
 <TOod it was and agreedupon, that RegiRns fhould prefeni himfelf before Ephefasj with the whde 
 flect.ioltrikeaterroriDto the enemies. And C. L(^'<«^ was fent with four Rhodian quadrireme 
 Gallies, and two Smytnean open fhips intoL^cw, with direftion to take Rhodes in the way, and L 
 with them there to communicate all his counfels. TheCities which he paffed by, namely, * Mi- 
 letm:^ * Myndm^ * Ualica.r»*^ns^ *Cnidm and C<?«^,performed willingly wbatfoever was enjoined 
 and impofed upon them . Being arrived at Rhodes-, he declared nmo iheRhodians the effetSi: of h'v: 
 commiifion, and withal required their advice. They all approved the defign, and when he had 
 taken of them to the fleet that he had of his own,three quadrireme gallies more, be failed to 
 * PAUra. At thefirfthehadamerrygalcofvvind, that let them fotwarddirei\ly toward the 
 City, and good hope they had with their fuddain terrour to do lomegood with the inhabitants: 
 but at'terwards, the wind being come about,theSearofe,and thefurdng waves began to make it 
 troublefome and dangerous ; howbeit they laboured fo with oars that they gat to the fliore fide. 
 But neither was there about the City any fafe bay to ride in, neither were they able to keep the y^ 
 Sea with anchor without the haven mouth of the enemies City, the Sea was fo rough, and the 
 night fo neer. So pafling alongby the wallfide of the City,they tailed to the por; oiPh<iniciu,\ds 
 than two miles didantfrom thence, which was a fafe rode for their fhips from all danger of Sea, 
 but high cliflFs and rocks there were over their heads which commanded them, andthofethc 
 Townfmen quickly feized, with the afliftance of the Kings fouldiers whom they had ingarrilbn. 
 Againft whom Livius fent outiheaid-fouldiersofthe Ifleans, and the nimblefi: and moft agile 
 young men oftheSmyrneans, notwithftandmg the landing places were very difficult and unto- 
 ward. T hele fuftained the fight at firft, fo long as they fliot darts, and made petty excurfions and 
 profers rather of skirmifhcs, than a dired battel, as being but few in number. But after that they 
 tan out of the City in great numbcrs,and that the whole multitude was iflued {onbyLtvtiu feared j.^ 
 left not only thofc auxiliars fhould beenvironed and enclol'ed,but alfo the (hips diflrefied and en- 
 dangered from the land : fo he brought forth to fight, not the fouldiers only,but all the rabbleot" 
 the mariners alto and the rowers,armcd and furniftied with whatlbever weapons they could find. 
 And even then alfo there was a doubtful and dangerousconflitSf, wherein befides certain fouldiers 
 L.ApufitHs d\zd.\r\ the conflift of this fuddain and tumultuary skirmJlT). Yet in the end, the Ly- 
 cians were difcomfitcd, put to flight,«nd chafed into their City. The Romans iikewife retired to 
 their fliips,carrying away with them no bloudlefs vi6tory for their parr. From thence they fhaped 
 their coutl'e to the gulf or narrow ftrcight of T'(»/wej7«j(which of one fide toucheth Cayia^And Lj- 
 cia on the other) laying afidc all hope to aflail Patara any more : and fo the Rhodians were dif- 
 charged and fent home. Z,/w«/ after he had coafted along ><//i4cro(led over into <jrf<?cf, tothcQ 
 end, that having communed and conferred with the Sciphs (viho then abode about Thf][d))ht 
 might fail direilly into Italy. 
 
 Jcmylius when he had intelligence, that the defignment intended in i/wVj was given over, 
 and that Livms was departed into hdy^ being himfelf alfo returned to Samoi (hr that he was by 
 violence of tcmpeft repulfed from£;>fc«r/«/,without effect of his enterprife)th ought it was a fhame 
 and difhonour, that the adventure wasgivenupon Pat ar.i'm vain, and therefore determined in 
 
 proper
 
 The feven and tbirUstb Boo\^ of T.Livius. ^5^ 
 
 /V proper perlbn to make a voyage thither wich liis whoie fleet , and to aflault the City with all the 
 force he could poirible. And having pafltd aiong MiUuis, end aii that coaft of the affociatSj they 
 disbarked from the gulforcreek ot liargilt£^s.x\d came a land r;. :r lafftu.Tht City was held by a 
 garrifon of the Kings: and the Romans wattedby way othi-Rility, the territory about it. Then 
 RmjliHs fent certain to parlewith the chief citizens and the Magi(}rats,to found them how they 
 were difpofed, and alfo to foilicite them to revolt : but being anfwered again that it lay not in 
 their own power to do as they would, he marched forward to/iveanafrauktothcCity. Now 
 there were certain laftians, baniflied perlons, in company with theRomans,vvno in great number 
 belbiight and importuned theRhodians, not tofuffer a Ci:y, fo neer a nci^h'^cur and linked in 
 bloud unto them, for to perifh and come to ruin, efpecinily having no way otKrdcd : alledgin«'j 
 B that the only caufe of their banifliment was theirloyalty unto the Romansj-ind by the fame vio- 
 lenceof the Kings garrifon fouldiers, were they a'fo held in awe who remained in the City, by 
 which themfelves had been expelled. Forali the lalVtans in ^cncr.il wereof one mind, moft wil- 
 ling anddefirous to avoid and (hake off the fervitude under the King. The Rhodians were moved 
 incompairion with their prayers, and joining untothem Kin>; EuneKei a!'"o, partly by (liewing 
 theconfanguinityand kindred between them, and partly by pitying and laniei'ting the dittrefl'ed 
 ftate ofthe City Cbefieged as it were,3!re2dy by the King<; garrifon) they ptevahcd \o much that 
 they forbare to aflail it. So they departed from thenre, and be.aufe all other parts vsrere peaceable, 
 they failed along thecoaltof^T?^, until they arrived at * Lj/)'^;^^ aport or haven townerena-, ,j,jj;^ 
 gainft Rhodes. There in the Prmc/pia began firit a fecret whifpering amon^', the Colonels (which 
 Q afterwards came to the ears of iE>«)7//« himleif^namely. That the navy wjsled away far enough 
 off from £;>/.'f/«^,where by right and of duty he was to war," to the end,fhat the enemy being ictc 
 at liberty behind their back', might attempt to do what helili: without '.ontrolmcnt, againll fo 
 manyCities and States ofthe Roman alliesneer unto him. JEmrlmi was moved herewith, and 
 calling unto him the Rhodians,demandedof them,Whethei the whole arm:ido might ride conve- 
 niently within the haven of T^r ^j-.j ? And when they anfwered No.hetook that occaiionlo pafs 
 no further, but to give over the voyage, and To brought back his fhips to Sa-no/. 
 
 In this fame time SeUucus the fon oiA/itiochtu-, after he had kept his army all wintertime in 
 iEo/ir, employing it partly in fuccouringhis affociats,and partly in fackingand pilling thofe whom 
 he could not draw into affociation, intended to invade the conrines of King Ettmenes his realm, 
 £) whiles he (together with the Romans) was bufied far from home, in affailing the maritime parts 
 oiLycia. And firft he approached EU.t in countenance of an enemy, with banner difplaied ; but 
 afterwards, leaving to befiege the City, after fpoil made in hoRile manner ofthe territory, he 
 marched forward to befiege and affaultthe head City and capital (kengch of al hisKingdom " Per- y'^'^^f *' 
 gam.'tr, ^fM/«x at the beginning feemed rather to brave and provoke him unto fight with his " 
 ftrong guards that he had placed without the City, and excurfions with his horfemen and light ar- 
 mour,thanto ftandupon his guard and defence, and to receive ;he forces of his enemy: butat 
 lengthjfeeingby ihefe light skirmifhes that he wasinno refpeft ableto match Sdcr.cus, he retired 
 himfelfwithin his walls, and fo the City began to bebeheged. And much about the fame time, 
 ■Antiochtts alfo being departed from Ap.ime.i^ hrrt lay encamped jt Sardiiy and afterwards not far 
 E from thecamp oiSelencus, neer to the head or fource ofthe ri\er * Caxas^ with a mighty army 
 compofed ofdiverfeand fundry nations. The greatefi flicw of terror in this army wasaredou- " Girmajli, 
 bled Regiment ofGauls,tothe number of four thoufand, hired for wages, vvhon with fom.efew 
 other among them, he fent outto waif and deflroy ail parts ofthe territory about /'frv-.ww/. 
 When news hereof came to 5,fw(7r, Ewwf^^/ at the firlt, being called a way by this war, (begunac 
 home, even at his very dores) made halt with his fleet to EU i ; where finding in readinefs certain 
 horfemen andt'ootmenboth lightly appointed, by their fureconvoyand fafe conduit, became to 
 Perfamttr before the enemies had knowledge thereof, or enterprifed anything. Where once a- 
 gainthey began to make hghtskirmiflies byway of excurfions, for in truth Eww^^f^ lay oft', and 
 was not willing to hazard the main chance upon a throw. Few diyes after, both the Roman and 
 F Rhodian fleet came from Samos and were arrived at E/d:a for to aid tbeKing Eunnncs. When 
 ^«frocA«j was advertiled that they had landed their forces at FJ.<c(. and that lo many armadoes 
 were met together in that one haven, and hearing withal about the fame time, thattheConful 
 was already with a power in M.'.ccdony making reparation of all things for his paflage over H.lh- 
 fpont : hefuppolednowit "vashightime (before that he wcreprtffed at once both by Land and 
 Sea)to treat! or peace, and chec'^fore he feized acertainhill over againliE/^e .-, tofortify anden- 
 campin. Where, leaving hi> whole power of Infantry, he defcended into the plain, under the 
 very walls oi EUa, with all his Cavalry, to the number of fix thoufandHorfe. And lending an 
 herald to /£;,;■.//•//, hegavehimtounderftand. that he was defirous to have a treaty of peace. 
 &mjlius fent for Eunices (mm Tcyjramtis, ir\d they both, together with the Rhodians,^ debated 
 Gincouncelwhattodo. TheRhodians refufednottheoffa-. But E,-/wf;,'ff faidit was neither ho- 
 nourable to parle of peace at thnt time nor yet pofllble to conclndc thereof, ifthey went about it, 
 *' For being as we are fquoth he) pinned up within our walls and befieged, how can we rccjive 
 *' from another, conditions of peace, faving our credit and honour ?3nd who will hold that for a 
 " firm and affured pea e. which wf fliall contraft without the prefenceof the ConfuI,without the 
 ''authority of theS-"'r jnd without the grant of the people of /Jowf? For I demand of you,when 
 ''ye have made a peace, whether you will return prefently into /frf/; or no? whether you will 
 ■' V ' J r J / *' withdraw
 
 ■ — —— ^ 
 
 166 '^ he [even and thirtieth Boo\ o/TXivius, 
 
 -■ Ltudnrmt'i, 
 
 " withdraw yonr fleet and army ? or rather wait and expeA to know the Conful his mind and H 
 *-advil'e the Senatspleafure and ordinance, and 'he general affent of ibe people in t hit behalf? U 
 " remaineth then after that is done,that you thy IHL in Afta>zr\d that your forces being brought 
 *• back a^ain into their wintering harbors, (alter they have done with warfare) fall tu conlume 
 *' and eat out our alliesj by (.hargmg them with provihon of \ iftuais : and afterwards, if ic fiiallfo 
 " pleafe the higher powers, and thofe that are in authority fo to ordain, we mult begin that war 
 " anew, which now we are abie(if we flack not the time, nor flop the forward couri'e wherein we 
 "are) before winter come, with the favor and poweroftheGods. tofinifh and brin^toa final 
 " end. This advice took place ; and anfwer was returned unto Antiochus^ that there t-ould be no 
 treaty of peacebefo;e the Conful his coming. Antmhus having thus in vain fought for peace, 
 when he had firlt forraged and wafted the territory of EU.i^ and afterwards ot Pir^amun^ left his I 
 fon SeUncus there, and went himfelf in perlon to * Adr.\mytcetim-,Y^\\ing and fpoiling all the way 
 as he journeyed, in all kind of hoftility. Now this territory is a rich country, called, The cham- 
 pain plains ot 'Thete : much renouned by the Poet Homer in hi? poem; and in no one placebefides 
 of all Afi'i got the Kings fouldiers a greater booty and more pillage. Thither arrived alfo to A- 
 dramyttettm both JEifiylitts and Eumenes (having fet a compafs by fea) for the defence of the faid 
 City. During this lime.they fent for a thoufand tooi,and a hundred horfe out of yich<ta to come 
 unto E/<e,t •• all whi Ji forces were commanded by Captain Dtcjihanes, So loon as they were dis- 
 barkedand landed.there were ready to receive them certain men fent from ^»^7/«jof purpofe to 
 meet them, who by night conduced them to Pergamiis.lht'j vi^tt all old fouldiers and well ex- 
 perienced in feats of war : and their leader D.oph.ificshid been brought up and trained under Phi- k 
 lopie,fienesy ihegreatcft warrior in thofe dayes ofall the Greeks, who cook but two dayes tor to 
 reft his horfe and men, and to take view oithe enemies guards, namely, in what plates and at 
 whattimetheyufedcuftomably either to come forward,or to retire. The Kings fouldiers were 
 approichedalmoli co the very foot of the hill,where the City is iituate. By means whereof they 
 mi^ht forage behind at their will,and there was not oneiffued out of the City fo much as to lance 
 a dart aloof againft ihccorps de^ti.ird oithe. enemies. After they were once fo ncer driv en for tear? 
 that they werefain to keep themfelves clofe within the walis,the Kings fouldiers vvithout,began 
 firft to contemn, and afterwards to neglei^ them. Many of ihem had not their horfes fo. much 
 as fadled and bridled, and fome (ew were left in arms and in ordinance of battail: the reft were 
 gone afide and fpred over all parts of the champain : fome went to play and took themfelves to l 
 youthful fports and wanton riot : others fell to feeding pampering their bellies, and making good 
 cheer under covert flvdde and many were laid along afleep. D/o;)/i^«^^ beheld all the manner 
 hereof alofcfrom an high turret ot the City Pergamus^ andprefently gave commandment to his 
 fouldiers to take arms and to be ready at the gate. Himfelf went to Attalusy and told him, that' 
 he purpofed to offail fh. enemies corps de guard. Attains (although he were very loth) gave him 
 leave; for hefaw tuiiwell, that he was to fight with one hundred horfe againft three hundred: 
 and one thoufand foot againit four thoufand. Being out ofthegate,hefat him down not far froai 
 the enemies corpf de guard-, waiting when fome good opportunity and occafion would' fferic 
 felf. Boththev within /'erf ^^«^ of one fide, deemed this to be folly rather than hardinefs ; and 
 alfo the enemies on the other (ide making towards them for a while, and per eiving themnotto j. 
 ftir, altered nothing o; their nfual negligence, and that which more was made a mockery and 
 fcorn of their fmall number. Diophanes kept his men ftill a good lime. as if he had brought thetn 
 forth only for a flicw to fee a^d to be feen : but after he perceived once the enemies to be dis- 
 banded out of their ranks and ranges, he commanded the footmen to make all the haft they could 
 after, whiles himfelf leading the way firft among his horfemen^ ran with his whc-le troopupon 
 thefpura hard as eier hecuid, andfettingupafhoucandcry aloudonallhands, as well with 
 foocashore, chargedfuddainly upon the enemies guards, ere they were aware of them. Man 
 and horfe both were greatly feared : and the horfes efpecially having broken their collets and hal- 
 ters wherewith they flood tied made foul work and much trouble among theirown party. Some 
 few of the horfes kept their ftsnding ftill unaffrighted, and even thofe they had much ado lofad- vj 
 die, to bridle, and to mount upon ; with fo great a terrour came the Achxans, and with much 
 more than fofmali a number could be thought to make. And as for the footmen in order arrapr 
 gedand wellprovided they fell upon thofe that were negligently difperfed abroad ere they look- 
 ed for them, and in manner half afleep. Great execution and butt hery was committed upon them 
 all the fields over, and they fled amain. D/oj5/i<^»f.-j having followed the chafe as they ran away 
 infcattering wife,fo far as he might well with fafety ofhimfelf,return;-d to the guard and defence 
 of the City, having won great honor to the nation of the Achxans by this exploit : for not only 
 the men,but women alfo beheld this fervice,and looked on him from the walls of /'^r^^ww^. The 
 next day after, the Kings Corps degn.^rds were better ordered and kept clofer together.yea, and re- 
 tiredhalfa mile farther from t'e City, where they encamped themfelves. The Achxans HkewifcQ 
 much about the fame time advanced to the very fame place. Many hours together they looked 
 one upon another who would begin firft, expeiling every minute when the charge fhould be 
 given. But after the fun was neer going down, and that it was time to return into the camp, 
 they of the Kings part began to ruffle their enfigns and guidons together, and i'et ^orward with 
 theirbands, ordredin mannerof a march for the way, more like than marflialled forto fight a 
 battail. D/^?/)/?/?;;!?; fat ftill fo long asthey were within fight: but then hecharged upon their rere- 
 
 ward
 
 Tl)s [even and thirtieth Boo^ of TXi vius. n^-j 
 
 A ward,wiih as great violence and fury, as the day before, and put ibetn again into fo great affright 
 and troubkjthat they gave them leave to wound them on their backs, and not one would Ray co 
 make head and refift5but trembling tor fear, andhardly keeping the order of a march, they were 
 beaten into their camp.This boldnels ot the Athxans forced SelcHctu to dillodgc and remove out 
 of the territory oiPergamtts. 
 
 Aiittochus 3.im\\& beard fay that the Romans voAEHntenes were come to the defence of AAi-n- 
 ntjttettm, medled no more with the town it felf, but after he had laid the fields walk, departed 
 from thence,and forced Perci.z Colony o: the Mitylenxans. AsforCof«;;and Cor^lemSfAfhro- 
 difiM and /Vrf«f,they were won at the lirlt aflault,and I'o he returned to Sardis by " Thjatir.i. Sc- ' Tltt. 
 IcHcm remaining dill upon the fea-coaHs,as he atfrighted t'ome.fo he defended others. The Ro- 
 
 Bman fleet together with Eumencs and the Rhodians failed Hrli to* j^^/r^/ew^e, and back again : .. 
 from thence, retarned to £/<e.« from whence flic came. So they held on their courfe to PhccM^ "M'j «. 
 andfell with an Iflandcalled Bacchim-, fituat .ibove the City of the Phocians : and alter they had 
 pilled and rifled by way of hodiiity the Temples, which heretofore they had forborn, and taken 
 away the Images ^for the Ifland wasmngniticentiy adorned and beautified there«vith)they crof- 
 fed over totheCity itlelf,which they ailauited in divers quarters-according as they had divided 
 their torces into three parts: butfeeing that icmightnot be won with bare fcalirg and Hrength of 
 arms,without planting engins ot battery and other fabricks ; and belides, that three thouiand ar- 
 med men fenc from Antiochns fordefencCjWerc entred into the City^prefently they gave over the 
 fiege . and the fleet retired to the inandsjha\ ing done no other exploit, but only pilled the terri- 
 
 C tory about the City. 
 
 This done, it was thought good \}mtEumenes fliculdhave li:en:e to depart into his own 
 kingdom, that he might provide for the Conful and the army .all neceflaries toward the paflagc 
 over HellefpoKtits : alfo that the Roman and Rhodian fleets fliould return to 5»iww,and there re- 
 main in guard,and have an eye unto /'(?/y.vtv/;£;/4f,le(f he removed from Epl-ejitsciud made fome at- 
 tempt that way. So, the King returned to E/e.t, theRomans and Rhodians to S.imo:.-, where Af. 
 */£«>;//«/ the Pritor his brother departed this life. ThcRhodsans, after hisfnnerallobfequies 
 performed, failed to ^/;o^f; with thirteen fliips of their own, onequinquerem galea.eofrw.'j, 
 
 ■ and the other of 6>/^9/, theretolieinrode,ready to make head againtt the fleet, which as the 
 bruit blazed, was afloat and coming out of Syria. Two dales before that Eudamus loofed from 
 
 D Samos with the Armado,thirteen (hips lenttrom Rhodesnndzt thecondud of Admiral! Panijihi- 
 //^kf to encounter the faidSyriack fleet, taking with them four other l"hips, which werefor the 
 ouard of Cariit, delivered from fiege Dadala, and other petty forts which the Kings fouldicrs af- 
 failed. Then it wasadvifed that Eudamiislhonld incontinently fet forward on his voyage. And 
 to that fleet which he had under his chargCjhe ad joyned alfo tour open fliips. Being departed,he 
 made fail in all haHethat he polTibly could, and arrived at the port called yJ/fj^/y??: where he o- 
 veitook thofe that were gone before ; from whence they came in one band and train joyntly to- 
 gether unto Phafelis-, and then they judged it the belf way, in that place to attend the coming 
 of the enemy. Ihis PA^j/f/a- ftandeth upon the conF.nes between Lyc/V? and /'<2.'m;)^;/;4. Itlieth 
 far within the fea & is the firft land that fheweth it felf, to them that fail from Cilta.i to Rhodes; 
 
 p and from thence a man may ken and difcover fliips under fail afarotf : for which caufe efpecially, 
 this was chofen for a tit and convenient place, wherein they might encounter theenemies fleet. 
 Butby reafon the air was unvvholl'ome,and the fcafon of the year unhealthtul(tor it was midfum- 
 mer) and the I'mels and flinkingl'avours fuch,as they had not beea acquainted with ; many conta- 
 gious difeafes and maladies which they forelawnot,began tofpred commonly abroad, and efpe- 
 cially among the mariners: for fear of which plague and mortality, they departed from thence, 
 and palled beyond the gulph of P.mphylium : and being arrived in the T'wciEurymedon, they re- 
 ceived advertifement from the Afpcndians, that the enemies were already before S;d.i. Thofe of 
 the Kings fide had failed but flowly in regard of the ad\ erfe fenfon of the winds named * Ete/ta, . Eaflerly 
 which kept their fet and certain time, like as tliofe do which they call* F^foK.v.Now oftheRho- winds yearly 
 
 F dians there were 3 z quadrireme Gallies,and 4 other triremes behdes.The K ings fleet coniifled of i '"i-wing »bouc 
 :;7,3nd thofe of greater burden and bulk: among which were three mighty Galleaces of * 7 banks forlhe'f'ace of 
 of oars on a ride,andfonr of * i^,berides 10 ordinary trireme gallies. There were others alfo that (o-ry dales. 
 knew by a fentinel or watch-tower (landing on a certain high place, how the enemies wereat •Weftcm 
 hand. Thenext morning by break of day both ihefe fleets fet forth of the haven, as if they would winds in the 
 have fought that very day. And after that the Rhodians had pafl'ed the cape,which from Sida ban- »'J'^"^f''". , 
 
 1 "• 1-1 ,-1 1 1-,- J r L • J I • 1-1 Mircti-winds, 
 
 geth over mto the lea, then preli.ntly were they dilcovered ot trie enemies, and the enemies like- - Heattrts. 
 wifedefi-ricdby them.The left wing ofthe Kings fleet. flanked with the main fea, was commanded 'Htitres. 
 by ^^K.-^-/: and Afollonms one of his gallants and courtiers led theright : fo as now they had ran- 
 ged their fliips bro.id in a front-rank. The Rhodians advanced forward ordred in length and ca- 
 Q fling their battell into files. In the vanguard the Admiralfliipof fw^.iww wasformofl ; Cayycli- 
 TK/govemed thercreguard ; and P,:>i:pbtltdM hadthe condudl ofthe middle vnrd.Endanut s ^tZ' 
 iDgthe enemies battell arranged and ready for confliil, put forth into the open fea, commanding 
 thofe that followed after in order to keep their array, and fo direilly to affront the enemy : which 
 at tl'.efirrtcaufedfometroabie, forhewasnot fo far advanced into the deep, that all the fliips 
 could be fet in array along the land fide .• and bcfides, himfelf making too much hafte, with five 
 (hips only encountred A»m/?al, for the reft followed not after him, becaufethey were bidden 
 
 U u u to
 
 -^68 The fevenand thirtieth Boo\ o/ T.Livius. 
 
 / 
 
 to una e afiont. Now the rereward had no room left them toward the land : and thus whiles H 
 they h^Hily vsere jumbled togetherj the fight by that time was begun in the right wmg againft 
 yiiinti,iil. But at one inllant the Rhodians v.a(f orf all fear, as well in regaid oi the gocdnels of 
 ibeirfliips, as oftheir own experience and ufua:! practice infervice at lea. For their fliips with 
 oreat qiiicknel's and agility m:4ing>ail into the main fea, made room forever; one that came 
 afrer alon" the Und fjcie: and wiiha.l,ifany one hapned corun upon a fliip of the enemies with 
 her piked beak head, cither itrentcheprow, or wiped away the oars, orp.^ffmg clearthrough, 
 between the r.inks and liics turned again and chnrgedupon the poop. But the thing which terd- 
 fied the enemy molt was this, That a great galleace of the Kings which h..d fevenbsnks otoars 
 on a fide, was bouged and took a leak with one only knock, I'tiat it received by a Rhodian fliip 
 far lei's: whereupon the ti°bt wing ot the enemy doubtlelsenclined to flieaway. But yimih.dl 
 ^it&d End -Mus very much inthsopen fea,mo(l ofall with multicudeof (hips : for otherwifein 
 all rcfpects£w/.Jw/J had the odds and beaer hand of him by far : and certainly le nadcompaf- 
 fed andencloied Epsiamus round, but that a flag was put out of the Admir.ill, (by wbi.h ( gnall 
 thediipeifed fliips are wont to rally themielves together: ) whereupon all thofe that had got the 
 better of the enemy in the right wing, made halleto joyn in one tor toiuccour their (ellows. 
 Then AK^Z/^'allb and the fliips about him, took their fiight ; but the Rhodians were not able to 
 make way after them and to maintain the chafe, by realon that the rowers many of them were 
 fa k and therefore the looner wejry.W hereupon they caft anchor in the main lea, and (iaid to eat 
 and take Ibme reteilion tor to lircngthen their bodies'. And in this \y\\\\c Fi.^ dam us tidied and be- 
 held the enemies hov they haled and towed by ropes at ihe tail of the open iliips f that went jj 
 only with oars) certain other which were lame, maimed forebruiied.and tracked : and might fee 
 20 others not mu.h founder than they, lolea^e the rclt and depart: whereupon caufng an O/^i 
 and I'llence to be made from an high turret in the forecalile of the AdmiralljArie my hearts(laith 
 he ) snd ice a pleafant fight yondtrand a goodly fpectacle. So they all arole at once and beheld 
 how the enemies were afraid and what poor fliift they made in haite to flie; and with one voice 
 they all in a manner cried out to follow after and purfue them. Now Eud^imus his own fhip was 
 {haken in miny places and lorebruifed ; w hereupon he commanded Pij^/j/i/Zi^^M and Chanclitus 
 to make way after them, lo far forth as they thought chey might without danger. And tor a good 
 time they held them in chafe: but feeing /4«rv/^.«/ approaching near the fli ore and fearing lelithe 
 wind would lo.k them within the enemies coali ,ihey returned toward £W^>»,«r,and drew along L 
 with them the bjrgat galleace which they took and whith at the firft encounter was pierced,and 
 with miiv-h adotraincd it to Thaf lis.Viom thence they retired themfelves to R! udes;not lo joy- 
 ous for this vi^otj , a,- blaming one another that they had not either funk ortaken the whole fleet 
 Oi the enemiia, having fo gO'd means as they had to do it. Ara/'^vj' daunted with this one iotor- 
 tunatc battel!, durir not even then pal's along the river of Lfr.v3.,but deiired to joyn unto the old 
 fleet of the Kings as foon as pcffibly he could. Toimpeach him for effe6l:ingthst, the Rhodians fee 
 out Ck.-r:clttiis and twenty war Hups with piked Hems, toward P..t.:r.t and the Port o{ Meg- fie ; 
 and commanded fz-'d-.w-^; to retiun unto the Romans to 5.j»;o;with feven of thetaleftflaips in 
 all the fleet whereof he had the command : to the end, that he might induce the Romans with his 
 counfelland ad v lie yea, and with all the Countenance and authority that he had,!orcethem to lay jyj 
 fietje unto P..ta- r. and to aflauit if. The Romans tookgreat joy and contentment ,firfl at the news 
 and report of this vi<!-fory, and afterwards at the return of the Rhodians. And itleemed:,iftbatone 
 City flood nof in their way to ll.iy them, and that they were once rid ofthat fare, they would 
 without any let and empeachment,make allthefeacoaftsfure enough for any danger and damage 
 from thofe quarters. But beiaule yl-M!ochns was departed from Savdi^i the Romans held them 
 back, and would not fuffer them to abandon the guard and defenLeoft^3/?jand/o»/,«, tor fear 
 jefl the Cities upon the fea-fde might be furprifed. And lo they lent Ptimphtlidoi with four cove- 
 red Oiip^^,to the fleet that lay about Patara. 
 
 AKf;*ir/j«j gathered together not only the garrifonsand aids of all the Cities that were about 
 him, butalfo addrcfled hisEmbafl'adors v\ith letters to PrnftM theKingof^/t/jp/^, wherein he jsj 
 oaveouthard words o'.the Romans for their paflage into Ay;<i: namely,'-' That theircomingonly 
 '■ wasforthis todemo.ifli put down-,and overthrow allkinpdQms,andtol"etupthe onlyRoman 
 "Empire thrt none e.fe might fli-.nd in the whole world. Th.t P/;;//;) and Z,/^!/-;/ already were fub- 
 ''dued nnd dcpofcd andnow himtelt was to make the third, againft whom they werecome.Nei- 
 "ther would they make an end there but go on (till, like acontinuall fire that burneth forward, 
 "• and take all afore them nnd ever as they vanqniflied one, proceed to another that is next. And 
 '^nodoubt. they would make a bridge of him to pafsonward wto Bithy>tuJ, now that Eumenes 
 " hath gently taken upon his neck the yoke of voluntary fervitude. PrufiM was fomewhat tou- 
 ched with theie letiers,but when there came other? written from i'n'p/othe Conful, and his bro- 
 ther j/i/f/t-vy/zefpeciallyhc was wholly averted t'rom entertaining any fuch fufpition.For A/r/f<?- q 
 K;.abefidcs the '-ontitvi'^11 cull ome that the people of Rome had^ to advance and amplifietheMa- 
 jefly of KK.f heir allies znd rontederaies with all kind of honour ; alledged for his part,the dome- 
 flical examples of theirown houleand family : inducino PrtifiM thereby to enter intoadefire to 
 win his love and friendfliip.For be difcnurfed ?c laid, *■' That thofe Princes and petty KK.in Sfaift-, 
 '■ whom he had received into h-sproteijtion he Jetr behind him when he went away mighty mo- 
 " narchesrall'o, that he not only had placed Sc eflablii'bed Mnfa>]t(fa in his latheti realm & throne, 
 
 but
 
 The [even andtbirtietb Boo^ of T.Livius. ySo 
 
 A " buc fetled him in che kingdom al.b oi Syph<tx^vihohefoie had chafed & expelled him: lb as now 
 " he was not only thetichdl potentate and mOft wealthy K. of all yJfr:ck,.,hui alfo lorroajdty & 
 " puirtant forces a paragon, eqn all to any other K.in the whole world. Asi'oi Phi/ipi.nd N,./>ts^e- 
 •' nemies they were and vanqiiillied byT'.0;//«f/«/,howbeit they remained KK .afterwards within 
 "their own Realms. And /^A////) verily the yeatthatis-palfjhadhistributeforgiven himandhis 
 '' fonan hoftage delivered nntohim: ^ea, and feme Cities without the dominion cf^Arc^^fw;', 
 *' have received them as their K. and the Roman Generals have winked thereat and becntonten- 
 " ted. And fnrely N. [-is had been likewife '.;r.ived and honoured, but for his own peevifh folly 
 "firlliSi the treacheioiis fainioodafterwaidsofthe jitolians, which was his utter undoing and 
 ''■ ovenhrow.But the chief thing of all that moft confirmed the mind oiK. PruJiiUyVfiS the com- 
 
 B ing of Lr^;;/^ unto himin cmballage from /vflwf:he,who aforetime in quality of Pritor^hadbeen 
 Admlr.i! of the navy. Who il.c wed and declared unto him, how the hopeof victory was much 
 more allured to the Romans than to K. AKtwchtis ; and withali how the Romans would be the 
 falkr and furer friend of the twain,yea,a'nd make more confcience ot keeping amity. 
 
 Antjodas being put befidcs all hope of the allbciation with PruJtM^ departed to Epl:efnskom. 
 S,nd:s, to \ ii.t and fee the fleet, which for certain months had been rigged and in readinefs : and 
 this he did che rather, bc.Mufehefaw that he could not holdout with the Roman army and the 
 two Sc:p:o;ihe commanders thereof,than for that his fea-fervice in it felf at any time before fped 
 well; or could .^iTurehim now ofgreat andcertainfuccefs. Yet iome little dram he had ot good . 
 hope for the prefent^in that his intelligence was, that a great part ot the Rhodun fleet was about 
 
 C y'i;f.'?;%<,and K\ngEtiMc>}cs alfo with all his own lliips departed mro Hellelponttts xo msec with the 
 Conful. Befidesthis, in fomemeafure his fpiric was puffed up with the remembrance, howthe 
 RhodianArmado bad been defeated at 5<!w«>f by a cautelous plot and pradfie contrived before- 
 hand Having laid thei'e conceits for a ground, he fent 'Pjj/y.YifW^M away with his navy, to hazard 
 the fortune ofa battel in fomefort orother (icmadc no matter hovv ••) whiles himfelfinperfon 
 led his whole arm/to Wotium (a town of thcColophonians, feated upon the lea. anddilMnta- 
 bouttwo mile": from the ancient City Colophon, fiht City it felf he had a good mind to conquer 
 and bring in fubjef^ion unto him : for, being fo near unto Ephefus as it was, there could not any 
 
 - thing bedoneeitnerby lea orland,butitwas within the eye of the Colophonians, and by their 
 me.ms notified Hreightwaies to the Romans. Now he made lull account that they would remove 
 
 [) their {l.";;t :r m S.\mos to fuaour that aflbciat City of theirs, and fo folyxemdM might thereby 
 take his time and good opportunity to execute fome notable exploit. Whereupon he wentin 
 hand to plant fabri. ks agunlt Colophon-, and having raifed his rampiers, and cafl trenches on both 
 fidesa.ikejcven to the very fea, he approached with mantlets and terraces, as well the one part as 
 the other,clofe unto the vvals, and under the * roof-works ,p!aid upon them with the pnfh &: force a rcfludiaibafi 
 oftheram. The Colophonians much troubled and affrighted with thefe dangers and dilkefles, 
 fent their Orators to Samos unto L. ty£myliHSy to crave in humble manner the aid and fuccour of 
 the Prxcorand people of Romc.tyEmylms was much difcontentcd rnd oftcnded in his heart, that 
 he had made \o long abode at ^/rwor and performed no fervice.Ncthinglefs thought hethanthac 
 Polyxrfiidit!, whom twiiC already in vain he had challenged and bidden battelh would now offer 
 
 £ tofighr. Hcrepiuedit alfoforadigrace and fliamefuU indignity uncohim.,that EurKeyies\\i%^tct 
 aflilied the Conful to waft over the legions into Afia, and himlelf was affigned and enjoyned to 
 fuccour and ?.id the City of Colophon bef.egcdj the iffue whereof would be fo doubtfull and un- 
 certain. £,'^c/.f ■;;.'.'.? the Rhodian, who was the man that had detained and kept himliillat 5^wor, 
 when hevvas del'rous to pafs over into HdUIJiont-, yea & allthe rell were ii'flant with him fhew- 
 ingand declaring how much better it was. ei:her to deliver his allies from fiege, or to defeat the 
 fleet ag:ir,vvhii.h had been on.c v ahquifhed, and fo to put the enemy quite befides the pofTeflion 
 ofthefca; than with ti.eabandoning of his confederats, and betraying yi/?.i both fea and land 
 into the bands of Aitiochtn-io depart into Hellcfpont{vi\-\zis. Eti:ncn:s with his fleet was fufflcienc 
 to hold him playyand to quit that part of t. e war which was committed tohis charge.\Vell,they 
 
 F ioofedfrom5.T?y5;to provide viftnaf. for chat all their own provinon wasfpenr^Sifnaped them- 
 felvestocrofsovcr vmnChio'. That wasthe !',arncra!nd (lorehoufeof the Roman»,and the ve- 
 ryplnceuntovvhich nil the fliips of burden, and the hulksfcnt out of Ir.-ly, r. fed to let fail and di- 
 rect their conrfe. So they fet a'compafs abour, toward thecoaftof the Ifland that lay farthefl 
 off from the City, oppofiteto the Noitheafl, in regard of Chios and Erychya.i. And as they were 
 j^bQiHtop.rsov^crt'iiithcr.the Prxtor was certified by letters, that great ftore of corn was come 
 x)ut of ///T//,to.C/).o;: rlijt the fliips which were charged with wine, were kept back byconrra- 
 ry ^nd cro'"^ winds. Likewife, reported it was. that the Teyans had furninaed King Aatiochus 
 his licet with vianals plentcoufiy ^nd liberally, and had promifed alfo unto him five thonfand 
 veffeis of wine. Whereupon he Oiifted fail fuddenly in the midfl of his direff courfc, and made 
 
 Q head for Tc:o<, intending either with their good v\ills to fervehimfelf of the provihon prepared 
 forthe enemy, or elfe to hold them for no'better than enemies. Having direfted theprowscf 
 their G.ips toward the land, they might defcry, as it were, fifteen fhips near unto yl/vo»c//</. 
 Vv'liich the Prxtor fiippoling at thefirif to be of theKing=; fleet, refolvedtomakeway after them : 
 but aficrwa.ds ic appeared /"they were brigantines or pinnaces, and certain imallbarks of rovers 
 and men of war. Thefe rovers having harried andfpci'cd all the maritime coalfs ofihe Chians, 
 were upoiuheir return with great Rorcof prizesand pillage: buc when they difcovered a fleet 
 
 lluu a »n
 
 ^ i^o The /even and thirtieth B€o}( a/ T.Livms. 
 
 in the deep fea afar offjthey made all the fail they could,and fied, Yareof fleerage they were and H 
 aood or Ui;,by reafon that their velTels were more lightjSnd made of piupole to rid way,aDd be- 
 lldes nearer they were to land. And tbereforethey had recovered Mpnefm^zioxc the flcetcould 
 come any c( Ting near unto them. 1 he Prxtor thinking verily to force them out ot the hav en made 
 after without diredion of a skiltull pilot, and knowledge of the place. Now i\\is Myomfiu is a 
 promontory or cape between Tews and 5«wo^)a very mountain madeinfafliion of a fteeple broad 
 enough at ihetoot, but riiing narrower liill, and runneth up toihe top fliarp pointed. Onthe 
 main or land i .de it hath one pafl'age by a tlraight and narrow path.From the Tea it is founded up- 
 on rocks beaten and eaten with the contii^ualfurging waves of the fea, infomuchasin lomc pla- 
 ces the cliffs thai hang over, bear more into the fea than the veffels that lie ui.der the harbor, take 
 iipof thefca. IhePixtor with his fliipsdurfi not approach near unto thole (.rags for fear of be- j 
 in" within the lliot of thepirats,who were peri.hed upon the top of thole (kep rotks and lo they 
 fpent that day and lay off. At the lalt,a little before night they gave over that vain cnierpnie w'th- 
 onteffeil, and the morrow alter arrived at Tfw ; and having lodged their fhips withinthe har- 
 bor which themlc!vescallG*r»iy?/c.<«,(andiclieth out at the back i;de of the City) the Pr^elorfct 
 afliore.and tent out his fouidiers to forragc the territory about theCity.TheTeins Iccrg how 
 their lands wer; i'poiled ev en under their very nofes,addreffed certain Orators to ibi Rom.m Ad- 
 miralarraied all in white, after the manner of humble fuppliants. And as they would ha e leemed 
 to excufc their City fotha. ing done or faid any thing againit the Romans tending ro [.ohijiiy ; 
 he both (.barged them diredlly that they had relieved the fleet of the enemies with vii\u.<l^ ard 
 alfo toldihem vA^hat quantity of wine moreover they hadp omifedto /'«/)'.v<'W<«*.Butandittt)ey j^ 
 could be c cntent to do the like by the Roman fleet- he would recall his fouldiers irom pillagCj o- 
 I her wile he would repute them for his enemies. The Embaffadors aforefaid made relation of this 
 heavy an.wer. Whereupon the Migilirates of vhe City aP.embled thepeople together, for to 
 confult andconlnde about this matter what they were bell to do. Thither as it hapned, wa.? 
 Polyxeyiiii/is zu'wtA with the Kings Armado ; who having loofed from Crlophon^ when he heard 
 that the Romans were depai ted from .s.woj, that they had chaicd the Piratsasfaras Aly^; f,.<f 
 and were now wading and harrying the lands of theTeians,al(o that their fliips anchored in thtf 
 rode (7fr^<y?/(r;«-,himlelf alfo cad an hor o^erag-iinlt ^owt/w;, hardby anifland which the l"ai» 
 Icrs and mariners call Macr^s^ in fei ret bay hard Dy, efcouting and efpying Irom this near har- 
 bor, what the enemies did and intended, Andat thefirft in good hopehewastodif.omhtandL 
 deleat the Roman fleet, like as he h.)d beforetime the Rhodian Armidonear unto Sawoi, by fei- 
 zing the mouth of the haven, and empeaching their ilTuetorth. Forthisbay was inallrefpefts 
 like unto the other, lying )u1t between two Capes, v\hich meet fo near.and in manner enilofe the • 
 mouth thereof,that haidly twolliip-at oncecangoforthtogether. And tothispurpofe Polyxc 
 nidas intended in the nightlealon to take poffeflion, and makehimfelfrureof the laid (Iraights, 
 there topmce ten gallics under either Cape, which (landing thereat a vantagefhould from both 
 pointsCiinkihebro.id lidcs of his enemiesiliips intheirgoing forth ; and wiihallout of his c- 
 ther veffels to disbark and land armed louldiers, like as he had done at r,:mTmus,2r)6 lo at once 
 toaffiil them both by lea and land, and make an end of them fora'l. Which deHgnmcncof his 
 no doubt had taken effedt, but that the Romans, after that the Teians had promiledthem to do j^ 
 whatloever they fliou'd command thought it more commodiousfor the receiving of their provi- 
 fion of viiftuals, to pals with their fliips unto the other harbor which was before the City, to 
 theopen fea. Somefay that E^^^wwthe Rhodian, fliewed the inconvenience and difcommodi- 
 ty of the other harbor, by occabon that two gallies fortuned in that flraight to be fo intangled, 
 thacthey brake one anotheis oars with julUing together. And among other motives the Prastor 
 was induced to ihange the harbor, becaufefrom the land fide there hefhould lye within danger, 
 confi.dering that AnmoclwJ himfelf was encamped not far off. Thus the fleet being brought about 
 dofetothcCity (ide the fouldiers and mariners ( without the knowledge of any commanders^ 
 weredisbarked fortodifpofc &di:"penfethevidlualsand wineefpecially to every fhip.But about 
 noonf.de a certain pealant of the country chanced to be brought before the Prxtor, who gave jij 
 intelligence, That there was a fleet of fhips which two daies already rode at anchor under the 
 Ifland M^cris ; and that but a whileago, certain veffels ofthem were feen to weigh anchor as if 
 they won d hoife up fail and be gone. The Pritor moved at this fudden occurrent, commanded 
 the trumpets to found t he alarm, and to give knowledge and warning that in cafe any were ftrag- 
 ling abroad in the fields they fhould retire. ! he Colonels hefenr into the City to gather the foul- 
 dlcr; together and the mariners, that rhey might repair to fhip-boord. This alarm caufed asgreat 
 a trouble and coniufion, as ufually is fccnin a fudden fcarefire, or when aCity isfurprifedhy the 
 encmics.Here was fcndding into the City to recall their fellows ; there was running out of the Ci- 
 ty to recover their fliips; not knowing who commanded, by reafonofthediffonantroifeofmen 
 and found of trumpet : howbeit, as hap was, at length they ran all toward the fliips, but in Inch a Q 
 hurly-burly and diforder that they fcarcely knew their own veffels;orif they did they could hard- 
 ly for the croud and prefs get thither and embark tbcmfelves. Neither had this affright paffed 
 clear without danger both by fea and land, but that t/^wj-Z/w/ gave direction to every one what 
 iodo,and put out of the haven firff himlelfwitb the Admiral (hip into the open fea, & there re- 
 ceivedevery veffell as they followed one after another in their order, & ranged them all affront: 
 and if £ff^.;w«T alfo with the Rhodian fleet had not flaid at the fliore to fee good order, thatthe 
 
 fouldiers
 
 The feven and thirtieth BooJ^ of T.Li vius. 7-71 
 
 A fouldiers might be fee aboord without hurrying in fearfullhafle, and every (hip go forth as it was 
 fitted and mide ready, by this means both thetormoli of the vanguard werearranged iniheliohc 
 of the Pritor, and the Rhodians alio kept their order in the lercgiiard m inch lore, as thty put 
 themfelvcs into the open fca in as good array, as if ihey had fcen the King!> fleet under fail. But 
 they were between the two promontories, /t /)»««/«;< and Corjcus^btioic ihey delLiied the enemy. 
 The Kings Armadocame torward in long hies, two and two in a rank, whodiiplaied and Ipread 
 themfelves alio atfront towards the wing in fiich wile,that they might be able toiompals ardcn- 
 clol'e the right wing ot'theenemy.\'Vhi(.h£«^.i/w«^ the rere admirall perceiving;. and letin'i with- 
 all that the Romans could not pofllbly make head alike and extend themielvesasbroad as the 
 enemy,and were at the point aliLidy at the right wing to be en^ ironed, made hafic w.ili his own 
 
 D veffelsCforthe Rhodian barks were of all other in the whole fleet fwitteli by far) and after he had 
 fronted etnialiy and matched wingfor wing, he made head with his own iliip againlt tlie very ad- 
 mirall ot the enemies, w herein Fo/cArW.whimklf was aboord. By this time the bittell began be- 
 tween both the main fleets, all at once trom every part. Of the Romans hde there foiiohi four- 
 icoreinall, whereof two and twenty were Rhodians. The enemies armadoconliHcd of four- 
 Icore and nine, all flupsof greateH bulk and making, and had among them three galeaces oflix 
 banks of oars on a i;de,and two of feven. ForgoodnefsandHrength of niips,as alfofor valour of 
 fouldiers, the Romans far Uirp:{red the Rhodian;, But for agility and nimblenefs of their veflels, 
 for skilfull knowledge of Pi lots, and expett cunning and read intf'io! mariners, the Rhodians were 
 as much beyond them. And thofe above all the red ihat carried hre bctore them intheirnofes 
 
 C troubled and karcd the enemies mod ; and that (iratagem and device whii-h had been ilieir only 
 help and means of fafeiy, when they were I'urprifed and hcinzx. P,iiijn->.'ie^, was novr ilie thing 
 thatdood them in belf (lead to wmthe virtory.Por the Kin\',s iliips tearing the hre that threai- 
 ned their very faces,turnedalide, bccaufethey would not run afront with their prows. loas,thcy 
 neither could themfehes fmite andhurt iheenemies with thcicbraycn pikes in thebeak head, 
 nor yet avoid ihem,butcxpofe their own broad lidesopen to receive all pii flies and \iolen(.efrom 
 them.lf any one fortuned to encounter and run upon ih.cm llie wasfurc tobe paid and fped with 
 tire that was flung andcaft into her: and more running there was to quench the fame, thano- 
 iherwifeto fight. Howbeit,therefolutevalourof the Roman fouldiers (which ever in war pre- 
 vailethmofl) wasit that did the deed. For after the Romans by mere force bad broken and do- 
 
 D ven the main battaiilon of the enemy in the very midlf , they turned about again and prefented 
 themfelves behind, and plaid upon the backs of the Kings fliips whiles they fought afront and 
 made hetd againlf the Rhodians: and thus at one inftant the battaiilon in the midll, and the 
 fhips in the left wing that ferved King Antiochus-,vizxc befet round about, and funk to the bottom 
 of the fea.The right wing as yet entire and found, was more terrified atthelofs and overthrow of 
 their fellows than for any proper danger of their own. Howbeitjafterthey faw the other inte- 
 ifed, and the Admirallher lelfwith Poi/xenidM in her, to abandon hercompanions and co hoile 
 up fails, they likcwifein halic fet upall their cloth and frnall trinquet fails f for a good forewind 
 they had for epif//// ) and fled as falf away as they could. Two and forty fhips they lo(f in this 
 fight: ot which thifccn weieboorded and taken for the ulcof the Romans, the reft were either 
 
 |: confumed with fire, or devoured of the fea. Two Roman fliipj were fliattered and broken in 
 pieces.and fome other l.uTtjbruifed and cracked. One Rhodian chancedto be taken by a notable 
 and memorable adventure. For having with her piked beak head flrii ken aSidonianfliip, with 
 tne violence of the blow flie fliookonther own anchor, which by oneof the flouks took faft 
 hold as if it had been a grapling hook by the prow ol the other fhip. The Rhodians muc h trou- 
 bled herewithjqave over rov\ing (freight, as willing and dehrous to be loofe and parted from the 
 enemy: and whiles they were bufie thereabout, the cable which the anchor drew with iccaugiic 
 among the oar/i of her own fliip, and fwept them clean away, and fo leit one fide of ic naked, 
 whereby the fliip being much weakned and enfeebled, was taken by the other that was fmitten 
 and tied fafl untoher.Much after this manner was the battel fought at fei near /5/;owpj,Where' 
 
 F v^on hntiochus was fore affrighted : for being thus difpoflellcd ot the fea, he diflrulledhimfelf 
 that he Oionldnot be able to hold and defend the places far;her off: and therefore commanded 
 the garrifon to retire from Lyrimachta^ for fear it fliotf d be furptifed thereby the Romans. But 
 this was but abad piece of counfell asthefequell and ilVue proved afterwards. For it had been an 
 eafic m.atter not only todefend Lyfimi*chia againlf the firll allaiilt of the Ronuns,butalfo to hold 
 out the fiegeall winter : yea, and by drav\ingout the time on length, to bring the very alVailants 
 themfeUei lying in le'guer, to extream neccffity and want otaliihings: during which Ipacethcy 
 .might havetaken fomeoccafionind opportunity, to find a mean andmake way for peace. Nei- 
 ther did he only quit LyfiTn^^chiA and leave it for the enemies ahccr this unfortunate battcll, but 
 alfo railed his fiege before Cdtfhon and diflodged,yea,and retired himfelt to S.itAir- fromwhence 
 
 Q he fent into Capp.idocia to Anarates for aid,and to all otl er places w here he could, to gather more 
 forces : and now was he fet upon bo defign elfe, but to gi\ e battell, and to hazard all upon the 
 fortune of the field. 
 
 After this 'i:ii\z\\\\Sioiyj ^Re^illus %/£tHylius(i\\cd dire,5lly to Ephefm, where he embactelled 
 
 ' hijifliips in array even before the haven, and when by this bravado he had at lafl wrung again 
 
 frotn the enemies a plain and evident confelTion that they had abandoned the fea unto him, 
 
 > bofei i'ail for Chius^ uoio which he had intended to fliape his courle from ^jwo; before the
 
 ^nr^ 7'hefcvenanJtbirtiethr^uf^0fT.hmv%. 
 
 late bar-ellupon the lea.There he repaired aH calked his (hips which weu fh^kenard cracked in H 
 the!"orraid h"ht .-whiihdone he lent L.t/£m)liw iVrf«v-;« with thirty Tail townrd Heltt^oKtin to 
 iranfport the army. And when he had rewarded the Rhodian fhips with part of the piila^e,and 
 honciired them v'iib the navallfpoiits he gave them the renvoy, and Tent tt:em home. Butthe 
 RhotJi rs lnhii> out laiied Scaitrur-, and prevented his fliipsto let overtheforcesoftheCon- 
 fui: ?rd jiierthey had pertormed that lervite atfo, then they returned to A>Wf/. 
 
 The r.omar Armadofailed from Chios to Phocea. 1 his City is feated tar within the gulph of 
 theiea.bDildcdlo,!': that it licthouiin length. The wallcontaiDetbinccmpals thefpaLeottwo 
 miles and arh:.lt ; and from both f.de^itgroweth narrow flill and meeteih in the midlt, rcfcm- 
 'InMilonry.; blino the form of a wedg or 'coin, which the Inhabitants themfeUes call L<»w;)ffrj in which 
 place the City i< : rrik- broad and a quarter wiih the vantage.From which canton or corner there I 
 isabmkor (^;tii land running a mile on end into the fea like a tongue, which di'ideth the haven 
 juR in the mldtf) marked out ( as it were) juft by acertain line. Where it joyneih to the narrow 
 iiraights it hath two moti Cure harbors ot both l^des, and thofe lying two contrary waies. That 
 which looketh tov.rdttie South, is called according as it is indeed) A/" «/?4-;'»iio/ [ namely, a 
 (hip-rode, nrbirbour J for it is able tore(.eiveagreat number of fhips: the other haven is near 
 unto the very La-np^r afortfaid. When the Roman fleet was oncepoflefTed of both thefe molt 
 fure and ta'c harliours the Prstor thought good before hefetinhandeithertoftaicthewails or 
 to raife any fabricksand plant engins againrtthe City, to fend certain of p'.;rpofciofound the 
 minds and affeilions of the prin.ipallCiiizens and the Magiltrates within, But alter he perceived 
 ihey were obflinatly bent^and would not come on, he bei;an to lay battery againll it in two feve- j^ 
 rail quarttrs.The one part was not much peopled, and had *^utfew dwelling houes in ir ; and the 
 Temples of their oods took up a good fpacetliereo ; and there began he firfl to approach with 
 the rim and therewith to batter the waf.Sjand (hake the turrets : and by that time that the mul- 
 titude ran thither in great numbers, and prcented themi'elvcs ready to defend, the ram was 
 pufhing al'o at the other p.irt: So as now the walls were laid along in both places: and upon the 
 fall thereof whiles fome of the Roman fou'dier^ prefently gave the aflault attheyery breaih, 
 mounting and marching upon the ruines of the (iones that were fain: others alio aflaied to gain 
 the top ot the upright walls with fcaling ladders. But the townimen withftood them lo tfiffly^and 
 with fuch refoiution,that it was wellfeen they repofcd more hope of defence in arms and valour, 
 than in the flrength of their wals. WbereuponthePraetorfeeingin what danger his foulditrsL 
 (Ipod and fearingto expofe and lairiticc them ere they were aware to the lury of thefe people lo 
 et>r3ged likedcfperate and mad ptrions, commanded to found the retreat. And notwithdandiog 
 t^ allauitceafed »nd wa'.gi' en over,yet betook not the townfmen themfe;vestorert andrepofc, 
 bm rail from j1i p rt? e try one, to raife countermures, fill up thebreachcs ardrepairthc ruins 
 Avhcre the wall wac d^ wn. A' they were wholly employed about this bnHnefs, Q^Arttimm fent 
 from tht Pr.Ttor canietoward t'lem : who, after he had reproved and rebukfd their wilfuU oblli- 
 nacy, 2ndm:dercm'^i(^r,nveuntothem that the Romans had morecaie and regard than they 
 themtehcs oftteC'ty that by tontinualla(rinlt< and batteries it fhould not utterly bedeflroy- 
 cd : and hcv i' thcv wni d here laimed andtorgo- their outragi' UMoliy, he wouid make them 
 this offer Thar they Ihould yie'd imder the fame conditions and in thofe very terms, as afore- j^ 
 time thty hjd fuVmiited to C.^'Z'WJ when they came under hisproteftion:At the hearing of that, 
 thevdenianded and had Hit diiesfpace toconfider of the mat ur- during which time they made 
 mean'- to rci.ei.e lomeaid from Antiochns'i but after their Em' afl^dors whom tV-ey difpatched 
 to tht K'np,had madereKuif>n,That there was no lur rur to be expected .'rom him = then they fee 
 open their gateshdvingarii' led and capitulated be oreh.^rd that no outrage by way ot'holliiity 
 (hon'.c betxeril ed and committed upon thcm.Asthe Rmiansentred 'mo the Cirv with banners 
 difplaied. thePrstordeclared with a loud voice Th this will and pica ure was theyfliouldbe 
 fpared,fora:'much as they had yielded. Whereat the f<;u!i1i^rs on all hand<: let upa great ciy That 
 it was an incollerabefhsme that the Pho.a^'ns / who vere ne^P'- true and lo;, all confederates, 
 but alvvaie- dogged and malit ions enemies ) fh^nk) go away 'okotfree. and not frff.r tcr their jq 
 fins. At which wo:d(a«iftlePrjEior had gi. en them a fign.>llof ran'a(kir!g)they ran into all p^rts 
 -of the Citv to rifle and fpoi'. tyf.mylusiX firii Haidthem what heiou d . and re laimed thcma- 
 ' again.fayirg,Th3t it wa-; not the m-'nnct.to fa k Cities rendred by compofition but fuch as were 
 forced and won by afl.i''lt jand cvent'hofe alio were at thedifpolitionof the Generallandnotof 
 the ''onldicrs.But feeing t'i;!tthe\ in their angr^ mood freverge and covetoi'sdefrc of goods, 
 were olm'^re power than the rcfpcfliverc ercne o^ his pcrfon,his quality and commandment; 
 he fent out be-d!es ard trumpetters throughout the City, charging all perions of free condition 
 wharfoever, to repair be'ote him irro the m"irkei place, to the end, thatnovillany and outrage 
 might hedcne upon their bodies, A^^d fo vht Ptarror did his beft to perform his word and pro- 
 mile in whatfoeverlayinhispr>wer:'crherefto.ed unto them their City their lands, and their Q 
 - own lvv«. And for that the winter^'' pproacbed, he made choice ofthe two harbours of /"Aipfit.i to 
 bednw hi'; fhips there fortf c winter rime. 
 
 Nc-r nbciit that lime the Consul having pafled beyond the borders of the Adrians and Ma- 
 roni's re. ei' ed news.th. t the Kin'j< navy was defeated at MyonefusiP^ Ljfimac^ia di^^fur^ifhed 
 of the garrifon : and this b'rer t 'dings was more acceprsble •'nd ple»fing un-o him than the ofhet 
 of the navah viflory; and e.pecialiy, when they camcthither; where invery tru'h ihe Citjr 
 
 (pleoteouiiy
 
 The [even and thirtieth Bool^ of T.Livius. ^-70 
 
 A ^Fkntonfl^ itored with all forts of vifluals, as if they had been provided of purpofe againft the 
 coming ofthe arm)) received them>.urteoufly ; wheieas they made no other actoiint, but to en- 
 dure extremity ot wantandpain.ull travellin believing thereof. Ihere they abode {omefew dates 
 as it were in camp, untill fiich time as their carriagcj andlickly perfons ol their tram might reach 
 untotncm; luth as they had left behind inailtheiorts and tali/csof 77;rrf t, wearied with long 
 journey and enfeebled withdiiers intirmities. When all wereiome and wcil refreflu'd jnd reco- 
 vered : hey put [hemfclves again in their journey,and mar. hir)^;throi;oh C^'<i/»>-/f//« ihcycameto 
 HelUjlont: wherc-hnding all things in rcadinels for their traniportingf fiicli WdS the indulirious 
 care and diiigciuc oi King Enmcus ) they palled over withoit trouble and molellaiicnrntothe 
 peaceable -• ai.s ot t bur ol lies :;nd friends, without empeachmenc ot any {:^;rior,n()C'.vithllandin" 
 
 Bforae (liips. rrivea inniic piaee, andlomein another. And this was thething that mui.h conten- 
 ted t lie Hom.ns .>nd mightily en-ouiagcd ihtm to fee they had fotreepaffageinio ^J/;4, which 
 thty madcti^llreckcnir.g wouJdhaveh(.cnainiticrofgre<itditfii.ulty and trouble. A'.ierthis they 
 encamped aid made I hell abode a ce: tarn time near //..'/• y/'O'-f, by o^tancnor thole daiei which 
 hapned then to. be wherein tbe iS^//' uicd todunee with ibtir^ciuihions called ylm-lia ;duriD<' 
 whii-h ti.r.eihey madefciuple of coniiien e to take any journey | nniill thoie ^ikciIu werebe- 
 ftowcd agiin in the Icmp.e of /t/^r^f. 1 By rcal'onot whi.hc^aies ^.^cv/pk? alio withdrew himfelt 
 apart it; m the jrmy upon a mo e It i id regard of »onf<.i en. e Si religion, WuiJi touched himnea- 
 rerthan other, becaule tic was himfelf oneofthe5.(//<; and was tliecauic that ihe army Haid be- 
 hind .""nd came not (-rward to overtake the camp. . 
 
 C A d c<- n thcntliere hapoed co come unco the tamp from Antio-hu^ one Hcr,:clidcs a Byzan- 
 ti. c hi. iDfiir h ^rge to tret as touching a peaic: and good hope he con.eiied to obtainthe 
 I'amewitt c e b, rca.on of the long abode and llayol the Roman's in that one place: of whom 
 he had looked for no ot.er, but that as foon as they had let toot in Aii^i^ they wou.d have mar- 
 ched ap-icelltaightw.ie- againlt the Kings camp. Howbeit tniscour.c he took. not to godiredtly 
 untotht .on'ulbeioreheliad ipokenand .onlerred wiih .S'c;/!o. (and indeed fu.:h direcVion and 
 charge I e had from tiieKing tiimlelf) in whom he had rcpofcd his grcatcll hope : for bclides his 
 magnanim'ty ^nd nobie ourage as alio the latiecypt glory and honour, whereof already he had 
 his'Uil {^r.; It inducement^ unto the King that he would be eahly wrought and made mod plia- 
 b4eio hearken itter peace). ill the world knew full we;l how fobery he had carried himfelfinhis 
 
 [J vic'orie"! M-'inSfa -;,and aiterw-itds in Aj^nci^: and more than 11 this, a fon of his was captive 
 in the fa id Kings hand<. But whe'e, when and by what chance he was taken prifoner^writers a- 
 gree pr't no more liianirmany things elle.Somefay,that m thebeginning otthe war. he wasbe- 
 fet and endoled round within the Kings fhips, at what time as he failed ixom^Ch^tcisioOreurn. 
 Oi ers write, that afterthe Roman army waspaffed over into A/;»i; he wasfent ont inefpiall 
 with a f.QopofFrsEgelian linnVmento view and dif.ovcr the Kings camp: andwhen the Kings 
 Cavalry m»4eoutt'j char-e upon them, he madehafle toreciic-, and in thai hurrv his hoilefell 
 wifi him,and l^lieand two ottier men of arms with him,wa-; furpril'ecl taken, and brought to the 
 King. But iliisonf thing i^ tor certain known, that il there fad been furcand firm pea.e between 
 the King and the Rom: ns, nay, if there had been hmiliar acqiiaintan eand holpitality between 
 
 •c him and the Sc p.oi, thi.'Ji.onng Gentleman tould notpolfibly ha. eh ad more friendly entertain- 
 ment, nor been more kindly intreatcdjliberally u;ed,yea, and honoiirablyrcg-^rded than he was. 
 Fortheie caufesthe bmb.lTdorattcnded the..omirgot ,':^'iy);fl: andiofoonas he w-is arrived, 
 pre; ented him elf unto the Conful, requefling that he might deavcr iiis meilagc and be heard. 
 VVhceupon in a frequent alfembly heh.id audience given him, andthu^ hefpake: ''Whereas 
 ''(quoth hc)ihere have been divert and fundry embalfagcsp.-flcdtoand froas touching peace, 
 '* and nogood as yetdone ; I lay tlii.s tor a ground and allure my fe.f now to ipecd, becaufeihe 
 "formerembalTadorshitheao have eficdedand obtained nothing : for in all thofe treaties and 
 " difpucations the quclfion wis .ibout Smyrna^ l.a.--//pf.:/w, ^lUxand^iu; 'i » s^/, and Lyf,ma:hui, 
 " whii h isin£/.'ro^'. Of which Cities, the King my Mailer hsth already quit Lv/rw-i7.'/ 1, to the 
 
 F ''end you fliould not Oy thu he hath any one City at ail within /^tirop'-.aud as I'or thole other in 
 *• >-i/7.».he is ready to lurrtndcr ti)emali'o;yea Seal! the r^ll whatloever.wbi^h theRciruns would 
 " recover out of the Kings hands and dominions. in reg.rd they had fom^timclided 5c taken part 
 " witli hiai. And for ihccltarges v\hiththe Romans h.nedeiraicd about thi.? war,the King will 
 " be willing todisbu.fe »nd makegood the one moity unto tliem.^g^in. And thu" much fpake 
 '• he concerning thearti.les andionditionsof thepcice. ..The red ot nis fpecch behind, was ber 
 "flowed in advertizing jnd putting them in mindot tlic:ire;n. tne rcvolntionof this world and 
 "'.he affairs there .)f ; that as tlev fnouldufc their own good lortune and profperity with mea- 
 *• fure and mode- tionlo they ought not to prefs down other intheir adverlity; but holdthem- 
 " lehes contented vitliin tnebonnds and limits of £;,'r(';)£', ardthat was a dominion furh lent (a 
 
 q" man would thi' k) and exceeding great: conhderingthis- that it is an e.ihermstter to win one 
 " thing .ifrer another by way of tonqiicd, ihjnto hold and keep tbem ail together when they are 
 '^ won To con- lnde,if the Romans were minded to difmember any part from AliaSo they would 
 •'m.<ke,^nen'loD e, and limit out the fame within certain precin(5ts without any further doubt 
 •^'j^nddifTvccnee, nheKinoforthe love ofpc^ceandcorcord would fuffer the Romans in their 
 '.■nnmcafur^b'e defiie and .appetite, to fnrmount and outgo his temperance and moderation. 
 But thofe matters -which the Embafl'ador fuppofed wereof great importance and efteduallro 
 "■ obtain
 
 ^y4 'The /even and thirtieth Boo\ a/T.Livius. 
 
 obtain peace,the Romans made a pi(h at ic, and lightly regarded : for they judged it but meet and H 
 realOD, that the King fl^iould difcharge all the expences they had been at in this war, coniidchng 
 thtou''h his default it firit arofe: alfo that heoughtto withdraw his garrifons not only out of 
 Jonia and cy£oUs : but alfo,like as all Greece hath been made free and delivered ,fo the Greek Cities 
 likewife in Jfia ought tobeenfranchifed and fet at liberty : which poflibly might not be unlefs 
 Antiochm were difleized of the pofl'effion of all Aft^t on this iide the mountain 7 aurta. The Em- 
 baflador perceiving well, thatthere wasnoreafon tobehadin theaffembly, aflaied privatlyto 
 found and to win tlic heart and good will o( Sc;pio, according as hef.ad in charge from the King. 
 And firll this way he went to work and laid, That the King was minded to fend him his fon again 
 freely v\ithoutran:om : then ( ignorant as he was both of Scipio his nature and the mannerof 
 Romans ) he promifed him a mighty mafs of gold, yes, and to be made equall companion in the j 
 government of the whole kingdom ( the Kings name and royall Hyleonly referved ) in cafe he 
 would be an inUrument and means to effedtuate peace. To thefe motives and offers Scip'o retur- 
 ned this3nfwer,"That you neither know the Romans all in general, nor my telf in pairticular un- 
 " to whom you were fent, Ilefsmarvell, feeing you are altogether ignorant ot the (late of him 
 *' who hath fent you hither. For if ye had meant ioh3veionghtiorpeaceatourh.<nds,as qf men 
 " who were in care for the doubtfull event and iflue of the war,yefbould have held and kept Ly- 
 *' pmachiA (lill.for to have empeached our entrance into ChcrfoHyefio, or elk ye fliou.d have made 
 * head a^ainlf us in Helle(por7t:!s, and (laid our paflage into Aj'ia : but now feeing ye have granted 
 "palTigeinto y^/; ; and lufferedyour felvesnot only to be bridled and curbed ,but alfo to beyoa- 
 <* ked, and like beaftsto bear and draw too; f.ncel lay there is no remedy but ye mu(f endure to j^ 
 *• be under our fubjedion, what equall and indifferent meansof treaty is there left tor you? Now, 
 " as concerning my fon, I will accept it as a great prelent,and befeemingthe mnniiicen' e .^nd libe- 
 «' rality of a King . in cafe he lend him to me again. As for the other matters, 1 pray Cjod I be ne- 
 "ver driven inregnd ot mineeflate,to have that need: forfurely, I carry a mind that will never 
 "find the mifs and want thereof. And for thefegreat offers thai the King maketh unto me, he 
 ^ Oiall find me thankfuU unto him, if it pleafe him for any private benefit unto me donc,to require 
 "at my hands aprivatebvour and pleafure again: but as touching the State and pubhke weal, l.e 
 *' fhall pardon me ; 1 will neither receive ought from him, nor berto w any thing upon him. And all 
 *' that I can do for him atthisprefent, is to give him good and faithfullcounfell. Goyour waies 
 *' therefore and tell him fromme,That his bell courle is toabflainfrom war-andnottoretufeany L 
 " condition ot peace whatfoeverBut all this nothing moved theKing,who made reikoning that 
 any hazard andfortuneof war would be good and fa fe for him,fince that there were laws impo- 
 fed upon him already, as if he had been quite vanquifbed and overcome. Whereupon, without 
 any more pari of peace for this time^ he bent his whole mind and employed his (iudy about pro- 
 vi(ion and preparation for war. 
 
 The Conl'ul having given order for the execution of all his plots and defigns, dillodged from 
 thence^and marched Hrli to Dar^anam-^^nd after to Rhceteum '• the inhabitants of both which Ci- 
 ties came forth to meet him upon the way in great multitudes. From thence he went forward to 
 ///«w,and encamped in a plain under the very walls: then he entrcd into the towuj and alcended 
 «pintotheCa(Ue,wherehe offered facrifice unto ///wr'z/ia.thepatroneisof that City.The Ilians j^ 
 entertained them wit h all fiiew of honour, as well in deed as in wordjacknowledging that the Ro- 
 mans were dcfcendcd from them,and theRomans again were as joyous and glad to fee the place 
 of their firll original and beginning. From thence they removed, and the fixt day after arrived at 
 the head or fpring of the river C<«'f«/.Thither alfo EumeKts the King (who at fitlt aflaied to bring 
 his fleet back from H eSefpont us ^to winter before £/<e ',ind afterwards,when he could not for cer- 
 tain dales double the point of Lrff or, by reafon ofthe contrary winds, went a land )becaufebe 
 would not fail but be prefent at the beginning of thefe great affair.^made hafle the next way with 
 afmallpower to the camp ofthe Romans.From the camp he was fent back to Pergamus-, to give 
 orderforpurveyanceandprovi(ionofvi6tuals:andafterhe had delivered out corn to thofe whom 
 the Coniul had appointed to receive it,he returned again to the fame leaguer.The Conful his pur- ^.j 
 pole and intent w.'.s to be provided aforehand of viiluals liifficient for many daies> and together 
 in one train to go againd the enemy,before the winter furprifed them. 
 
 Now the Kings camp lay about Thyatira : where .-intiochus hearingthat T. Scipio was carried 
 fick to E/<e.i fent certain Embafladors of purpofetoprei'ent and deliver his fon again unto him. At 
 which prefent of his , he took not only great contentment in his fpirit,as a father might do for re- 
 ceivinghis dear fon.but much eafement alfo and comfort to his fick body. After he had fatisfied 
 himfclfat length with much embracing of his fon, "Ye fhall (I'aith be)recomme!id me unto the 
 "■ King your Maflcrard tell him from met hat I thank him mofl hearrily,and that I have no good 
 '■ thing at this time to fend to himagainbut only thisThat ladvile himtotakebeed thathecn- 
 "ternot into the field to give battell, before be hath heard for certain, that Imyfelfam returned q 
 *'to the leiguer. Upon relation hereof, A>;f»(?c/)«x albeit he wasincampfevemythoufaud foot, 
 and twelve thouland horfe and above f^rong^wbich puiflant power otherwhile animated-, and 
 fed him with the hope of good iflue oFbattell) yet moved with the authority of fo great aperfo- 
 nageas5r/;)/owas in whom he repofed his whole retuge againft all doubtfull events of the fortune 
 in war,he retired hack, and pafled over the river Phrnius, and pitched his camp about MAgnc 
 fa near unto Syp-'lnm, And fearing-, kft ( if he itiOuid be minded to make Long ftayand abode 
 
 there*
 
 The feven andthirtietb BooJ^ of T.Livius. hn^ 
 
 A there ) the Romans would afliiy to force his defences, he cart a trench, fix cubits in depth, and 
 twelve in in bredth; and this trench he environed with a double bank andcoiirie of Hrongiiakcs 
 andpaleSjand uponthe iriward circuit and entloiure he oppoitd a mure with main mrrctSjfortbe 
 more eafie empeachment ot the enemy jwhen hefliomd pjfscvtrtbe trerch. 'ihcConiiilluppo- 
 fmg the King CO be about TA;<j/«r^, marched coniinually, and upon ti-c hftday Lamedowninto 
 the plains of Hircuma. And when he iirder(iood,th3t the K.w a.- diUodged ard dep.iricd thence, 
 he followed himby ihetraits> and onthis lOcthc ii\cr /"/ri^^.-.r.ccn.ainptd lourmnes from the 
 enemy. Where about athoufand horfemcn llicwcd itcmlcUes ( for ihc moli part * Gallogr*- .pcr.pie of 
 cians, fome Dacians, with certain archers on horiebaik ot other nations inttrming.cd amono G<i/«!;a n.«» 
 them) who in great halie having palfed o\cr the ri-er, ibat^ed upon the co>/)j^ ^.-.urdoixht cailcdGt/fW^ 
 
 B Romans. At the nrit they put the Roman; to fome :ronb e,lirdirg them oiit oi ordtr and array; 
 butastheskiraiifli gr>;vv hotter andconiinued longer, andttie number of the Romans looo in- 
 creafed, ( by reafon their camp was fo near to yield them lu. couis ) tliey of rhe Kings fide heinw 
 now wearied and not able to make their put good .igainit fom^ny ot them, began to retire: and 
 certain of them before they could take the riier. wereoiertakenby tho:e thatfoUowed the 
 chafe,and l^ilj.j^ oiuright. Fortwo daies alter they ftirred of r>o h:.nd,i"orneitherthe onen' r the 
 other went over I he river. The third day after thf Romans all at oncepilfed o.er,aiidenc3a)peti 
 abouta mile and a half trpm the enemies. But asthey weie pithinglhtir tents, and buhed ^bout. 
 fortification-; and delcft.es, three thoufand chofen hotfemen ard foot together from the Kings 
 Camp,came upon them with a great trouble and aftray. The number orthetn that wcreinguard, 
 
 C was leisagood deai; howbeit, of thcmfelves alone, without tailing to help ard aid thefouidiers 
 from their work about the fortification and defence of tlic Lamp, they not on:y .;t hrll recei- 
 ved the charge with tqua I valour, but alio afterward:;, as the fighr enaeafed,put tiie enemies to 
 flight, when they had Ki. led ome hundred of ihetn. and taken pri'ont^r'; s.moli asm:!ny. Forthe 
 fpace of four d..ies next enfumg both armies I'.ood embattel cd on culicr 1 de belote their Camp. 
 And upon the fitth da^ the Romans advanced u,tth into the middle ot the plain. Amtochm 
 came not forward with hisenhgns, infothuch, as the hindmoii were not an hundred foot off 
 from the tren.h.l heConfui perceiving that he felloffand would no battell, called a ooncillihe 
 
 ~ nextday, to be ad^iied and rcfoived whathe werebell todo, in cafe ,^«r/i?r/j/M would not be 
 fought withall. Forcon.,deringthjt the winter approached the fouldiers were either to lie in the 
 
 pfidduoder their tents, or tic if they minded for the winter feafon to retiiC unto their garrilon 
 townsthe war mull be put off uniill the next fummer.Now the Romans never made fofmallrcc- 
 koningof any enemy as of him. Whereupon, throughont the whole alkmbly they called upon 
 the Confui with one voice to lead forth to battell out of hand, and take the fouldiers whiles 
 they were in this heart ready it the enemies would not come out into the field, to pafs over ditch 
 andrampier, and break into the camp amongll them ; making account, that they werenotto 
 fight with fomany thoufands of enemies, but rather to irikc a llauohterand butchery of To ma- 
 ny beafls,WhereuponO;.Oo/>;/.';j« wasfent to difcoverthe waY,and to view the pia.c where wa«: 
 beft entringupon the trench andrampier of theenemies.Aftfr he had broughtcertain rebtionot" 
 all things, it was thought good the next morrow to approah rear unto their camp: and on the 
 £ third day the enligns were difplaied forth intoihemidllof the plain, and they began to range the 
 army in battell array. Antiochui likewife fuppofeJ it was not espcdicm to lie oft" and flay any 
 longer, for fear lelt in refufingftill to fight, helViould either abate the cour-ige of his ownmei),oc 
 io'.reafethe hope of his enemies, andtheretore c.-ine abroad with all his forces and advanced fo 
 far forward from his camp that it appeared well be meant to hghr. The Roman army (iood em- 
 battelled inonemannerot form as well for men, as munition and armor: for of Romans there 
 were two legions, and of Litine aflbcijtsas many, and every legion to:iriRed of five thou'and 
 four hundred. The Roman,- put thetnfclves in themainbattell, and the I.uines kept both the 
 points. The Hafl.ui were pliced withtheirenligns formolf in the vanguaid.Aitcr thctn the Pria- 
 cipes'ia themidft,and the f'ri.irii'm thereregard.Witiiouc this compear battell thus marflialled, 
 
 F the Confui fet to the right point the auxiliary fouldiers of Ettn:e>ie<^ mingled together with the 
 targctteersofthe Achxans tothe nnmberalmoft of three thoufand, whom he ranged equally a - 
 front, and beyond them more outward he oppofed about three thoufand men of arms; whereof 
 eight hundred were fent ftpm Eumena^ the re!} were the Cavalry of the Romans. Without all 
 thefeinthe outmoil place, lie put the Trallijn^ and ('andiots, who in all made up thenutnbcrof 
 five hundred. Asfortheleft wing,it feemed toneedno fueh fuccours, by reafon it was flanked 
 with the river and high deep banks, howbeir, in that (Ac th<re were planted four troops ofhorf- 
 men.Thus you fee all the fores that the Romans bad bciides two thoufand Ihracians and Mace- 
 donians mingled snd blended together, whofor.owed as voluntaries, and were left for the guard 
 of the Camp and fixteen Elephants, which they bellowed in the rercgutrd for the defence of the 
 Q Triarii. For, over and befides that they were not like to hold out againll the Kings Elephants, 
 which were in number fifty snd four, you mull conlidcr that thofe of v^/fr.-r/; arenot able to 
 match them of I>7da, fay they were in number equalh either becaufe in bignels the Indians 
 exceed the other ( as in truth they are much greater by ods ) orfurpafsthemincourageand 
 ftomack. ButtheKing'^armywsscompofed of divers nations, different as well in arms as in 
 fouldiers. He had of Macedonians fixteen thoufand footmen, heavily armod after their 
 mannet. CiWidPhahnfifa; thefemade themainbattell, and in the trontftcod divided in ten 
 
 fquadrons,
 
 v*i V 
 
 jy 6 Tljefeven and tbirtieih^oiffi 'afT.Kt^uii 
 
 Iquadrons, parted and fevered one from the other by, wo Elephants placcd'bctvveen.'l!;ior^'W 
 inward behind the fore front, tnebatiell was difplaied in two and, thirty ranks of fouldiers.;'*'''' 
 This was the Ikength of the Kings army, and as in other reCpedls, tb'efpei)sllyihre°ardofthe"'"'' 
 Elephants formouniirg aloft over au the fouldiers, reprefented to theeye a fcaffull indterribli:^'^"' 
 fiotit.For bei^des that tliey were high and lofty uf themfelves,their i.XG.{\e,'d headflalls with plumies""" 
 upon themrtheir turret', upon rheir backs, and in every turret four men ftanding in glittering atV'' ' 
 monr,belde!;the\Ulkt and governur himfelf,made the appetence aind (hew fargreater. Onthe ""' 
 rioht win^i he placed cloie unto the Phalangites, aihouiand ancJ five hundred horfemen of the' *'' 
 Gailccreeks : unco whom he adjoyned three thoulard lances in compleat armaur,fnountcd upoti'^'^ 
 bard horfcs.ard ihoie men of arm* they themfelves called C<i.'4/i/;);;?a;. To thefe were'added ano- 
 ther wing of a thoular.d hor(emen, v\hich they named yigenta.M^^^s they were, eleft and" cho- f 
 len men,°togcthcr with more horfemen of the fame region, njingled of many nations one with , 
 another. Clofe unto them iotherereguaid was fetatroopof fixteen Elephants. On which fide^;' 
 alio in awing fome what farther drawn out itood the King his own cohort, bearing the name of"'' 
 f^rgyrr<fp!d^s^by occaUon ot the hlvered fhields which they bare. After them followed 1 2coDa- ^'. 
 ♦ LiketoCit. cians, ' archers onhorfeback. Then,ihrce ttioufind footmen lightly armed, and compofed part-'"' 
 biafi. ly of Candiots,and partly ol Tr.iUeans,in number almoftequall. and 2500 Myfians attended npbn"'.^ 
 
 the archers. And the utmolt fide and tail of that wing was guarded with four thoufand Cyrte-'" ' 
 an flin<;ers and Eiymean archers forted together. On the left wing likewife there (food faft unto' 
 the Ph3hn"ites atorefaid 1500 horfemen Gallogrscians : and two thoufand Cappadociansa^-" 
 med after the fame tiianner, fent from King y4rw7-<af^f/. Then the Auxiliaries of all forts 2700 .'jj 
 befides three bundled l:,nces in compleat harnefs upon barbed horfes armed at allpieces, and 
 1 GOO other horfemen. As fortheCornet of the Kings, it was morelightiy armed, as well them;',' 
 leKes as their horfes . but their letting out and furniture otherwiie. all one. And thefe were Sy-' " 
 rianstorthe moH put, with Phrygians and Lydians together. Before this tava'.ry went the ch«-' " 
 riots of four wheels and drawn by as many horfes, armed with fliarpand trenchant hooks like ' 
 fith-blades, and the camels called by them for their lwiftnef< Dromedarie<;. Upon thefe wer^"^ 
 mountedthc Arabian archers, who alfo were armed with keen fwords four cubits long, that fit- j 
 tino as they did (o aloft, they might notvvithlhnding reach their enemy. Then after thefe were"" 
 fet'anothcr multitude cquallto that in the right wing, whereof the formoH were certain hori'd-" 
 men called T.irentins, .-nd after them 2500 Gallogracian horfe. Likewife of Neocretians'a L 
 thoufand :and ot Cariansand Cialiansone with another 1500 armed alike. Asthany Tralliahs:'^' 
 and three thoufand nrgetteers. 1 hefe wcrePilidians, PamphyliansandLycians: andlafiofalt, 
 thefuccours in the rereguard of Ciitcans and Elymeans, in like number as they th^t were pla- ' 
 ced in the rioht wing, with hxteen Elephants alfo diftant a pretty way alunder. The Kinghim- 
 felf in perfon had the condndf of the right point of the battell, and ordniied Seleucta his fon' 
 and AKtifater his brothers '"on to command the left. The main battell in the midft wascom- 
 mitted to the leading and governance of three Captains, to wit, Aiinio, Zeufts^ 3vd Phiiiptht" 
 Malier of the Elephants. Tfhere was a certain mill arofe in the morning.and as it waxed fartheic' 
 day oathered alolt into thickcIouds> andmade the weather dark: bef.des, by the South-v\in4ic 
 refoived into a fmall drilling rain, which wet and drenched all. This did littleharm tothe Rb-ji^ 
 mans.' but contrariwiie, was much hurtfull to the Kings fide. For, albeit the air was dim and 
 dark, yet by reafon that the Roman battaiilons rook up no great compafs of ground, they could 
 for a'l the air was overcafl, difcernfrom one end to the other -and the moihu^e that fcllj dulled 
 nothing at all (tofpeakof) either the fwords or javelins of them that were heavily armed: 
 whereas the Kirps armv being embattelled fo broad had mut h ado,and hardly could feefrom the 
 middle of the main hntell to the wings of each hand, and mu^h lefs difct;j:n from one skirt and 
 fl-nk of the battail on to the other. Moreover, thcdropping weather flrgged their bows> foft- 
 ntd theirfling': and loop'; ortheirdarts.Theirfithcd chariots alio wherewith yintiockMdmidtiaW 
 accGiMu tobrcak thea raicf of hisenemies,turned to:hedilorderand frightof themfelvcs.Now 
 iheie chariots a orefaid were in this manner armed for the molf part : certain fliarppikes they f^ 
 had abcutthcrpTc-pole, b.^av'ni; forward from thefpring-tree, ten cubits in length, likeunto 
 horn.,-, with which pointed pikes they would pierce through whatfoever they enrountred, 
 Alfo at ea' h end of the faid fprin^-tree there were two blades flood out,the one o^ juft and even 
 heightwithit iheother lower ard bearing downward to theground: the former was devifcd 
 to cut through whatfoever cime near the fide thereof, the other to reach and tear them that 
 weretaln totheearrh, cr came under thechariot. Likewife at both ends of the axeltree with- 
 out the nave ot the wheel tbc^e were two fuch like hooks fafined.ind bended divers waies. 
 Thefechariots ti u^ armed the King had placed in the front of the battell a? we faid beff>re) be- 
 cau'cif thi-v had been let either in the middle or the rereguard, they fhould have been driven 
 through theirownbTttaiilon . Whi. h E«wf/.f^ perceiving one that knew well enough the man- o 
 ner of that kind of fe- 1 ice,and h^^w dangerous it was in cafe a man rather friohted the horfes than 
 charged them direitly by ordinary warlike force: he commanded the Candiot arhersand 
 flinj:ers, wiih fome othi r horfemen that landed darts, to runtorth not thick in troops., but 
 fcat'.ring as far ai'nnder as they could, and at on'-efromallpTT'Jtodi chargtthe'rOiot upon 
 them. Thisforprnnnin>? tempeft^as it were) fo madded the ho-fe^ partly by ?;allirg worn ding, 
 EidpekirgtLem with darts, arrows^ and llones> difcharged from all fides at them, andpartly 
 
 with
 
 The feven and thirtieth BooJ^ ofT.h'mus. 
 
 * 'IT^ 
 
 A with the ftrange and uncouth noife which they made, that fuddenly as if they had been un'uidled 
 and without their geers, they flang out every way, and ran atrardom: which violence or theirs 
 the light armed fouldiers, the nimble llingers,a nd i'wift running Candiots avoided calily with a 
 trice. And the horfemen witball toUowing the thale, redoiibied the fright and hurry smon"!! 
 the horfes, yea, and the dromedary camels too ; which likewife were unruly and fet a madding: 
 and this hurly burly, the manifold cries from the multitude ail about, helped well forward. Thus 
 were the chariots chafed in the middle of the plain between both armie-;: and when thefe 
 viin bugs were once rid out of the way, then the alurm andl.gna 1 was given on born parts, and 
 they charged one another in bjttell-v\ife. Euc asfooliili anoccuirent ss that was, itcanfed 
 anon a difcomhture and overthrow indeed. For the auxiliaries and aids behind which were 
 
 B placed next unto them, terrified with the fear and aftrij^htof tbecluiiots, iled, and left all na- 
 ked and and disfurnifhed even to the bard horfes, inUKh lort, that when the rereL'uard wa?in 
 difarray. The Roman Cavalry cntred upon the forefaid horfe, and charged them fo hotly, that 
 part of them was not able to endure the firft flio.k and en:oumer: lomcwcrc put toflii;,hr, 
 others were born down with the poife and weight of' their harnefs anJ weapons. Andpre- 
 fently thereupon the whole left wingof thebattell began to retrear. And aher that thofe '"uc- 
 cours were disbanded and in difarray which were between the Cavalry and the heavy armed 
 footmen called Phalangit-s, thediforderard fear went as far as to themidit of the main battel : 
 where fo foon a., the ranks and hies were broken and lluiffled together, by reafon of the emer- 
 courfc of thcirown fellow-', amor.^'. them, they had nonfcat ail of theirloog pikes, which the 
 
 C Macedonians call Sanjfa. Then the Roman legions advanced their engins, and lanced their 
 darts againll thofc difocdered ranks hudled together. The very Elephants that wtre placed be- 
 tweeDjnothing troubled and affrighted the Roman fouldiers,as who bad been ufcci m the Afri- 
 can wars, both to avoid thefuriou^ rage of thofe beads, and alio either w'th their javelins to 
 flank and hurt them overthwart,orelfeit they could tome ncarnnrothem, to he'.v them and cue 
 their hamlUings with theirl'words. By this time now was the front of the mainbattell defea- 
 ted and beaten down: and the rereguard behind environed and catin peeces: whcnas the Ro- 
 mans withall, might perceive their own fellows fiyingfrom the other part, and hear the cry 
 of thofe that were afl;ij:hred, even almoft as far as to thtir camp. For ^^^'/cc/^w keeping the 
 right wing, leeing in the eft point of the Romans no other defence (by reafon that they tru- 
 
 D fled upon the river) but only four troops of horfemen, and thole alio by drawing themfelves 
 dole to their fellows, to leave the bank-hde void and naked . charged that point with his Auxi- 
 liaries and lar:ces upon bard horfes, and not only, made head and prefled them atroni, but 
 from the river alio fet a compafs and encloled them; and flanked that wing fo long, untill 
 ihe horfemen were firlf difcomfited, and then the footmen next unto them were put to 
 flight, fo as they ran amain toward their camp. M,iy£,..i,la:s zColomll, utidfonio M. Le- 
 pidm, who a tew years after was created the high-Prielt, had the charge of the camp .- he 
 with his whole guard came torih, and where as he law them to flee, there he oppofed himfelf, 
 and firit commanded them to Rand, and aftervvards to return to battell, cheeking and re- 
 buking them for their beaftly fear, and fiiamet'ull running away. Moreover, he procee- 
 
 gdeed to minatory words, faying, That in cafethey would not be ruled by his direftion, they 
 
 - fliouid run headlong like blind beetles upon dicir cr.vn mi'chief: and in thecrd, he gavea 
 hgu to his own company, for to lay upon the formoil of them that thus iled, andcjufedthe 
 makicude that followed, with dintoflword and drawing bidud of them, to turn their face 
 again upon the enemies. Thus the greater fear overcame the lei's: for feeing danger before 
 and behind,firll they tf aid their flight,and afterwards returned to the batteii. <i/£niylius alio with 
 hisown regiment ( which for theguard of the camp had :^ooo tall and valiant men in it ) with- 
 ftood the Kmg right (ioutly as he followed hot in chafe upon thofe that fled. Moreover, At- 
 tiilui ( brother of King fwwi-Hf;)!!! the right point of the batteii, who at the firlV charge had dif- 
 comfited the left wingof the enemies, perceiving thar his fellows fled in their left point, and 
 
 p hearinga greatftirabout thecamp, came to the reuue in good time with :oo hoi'iernen. A»- 
 tiochm-, when he faw them turn head again whofe batkserewhile vvcretoward liim, ar.ilbegin 
 to fight afrefli, and perieived withall a number coming againit him, both out of the camp and 
 alfo from the batteii, turned his horfe head and took himfelf to flight. By tiiismeans the Romans 
 obtained the victory of both the wings, and pafled diredlly to the rifling ol thecamp over 
 the dead bodies, which in the main battcUmoft of all were maiVacred and lay bv heaps : where 
 the ftrenoth and flower of the hardieft men rinsed clofe together and the weight beiides of their 
 
 111 ' r 
 
 heavy armor would not givethem leaveto flie away. The horiemcnof Efimei^cswere the firflof 
 ail others th:t pur.ued the enemies: after them, therelt of the Cavalry followed the chafe all 
 overthefields, and ever as they overtook any of the hindmolt, killed them outrighr, But that 
 Q which troubled and pl.igued them in their flight more than allbflides, was their (.hariocs^ ele- 
 phants and camels, intermingled among them as they fled ; forafmuch as being once disbanded 
 and put out of their ranks, they tumbled one upon another like blind men and were bruifed and 
 cruflied under the beafls feet which came running upon them. Great execution alio there was 
 committed in the camp, yea, and more in manner than had been in the batteii: forthefirlt 
 that fled, and thofe that fought in the vanguard, took their way mofl: of them to the camp, and 
 upon afliiredconfidence ofthismultitude, the garrifon vvithin fought more valiantly, and held 
 
 out
 
 njS The fevenand thirtieth Boo\ o/T.Livius. 
 
 out loD'^et in the defence of the hold. The Romans being thus ftaid in the gates,and kept oik of H 
 the rampier which they thought verily to have forced and won at their firft afiauli, when they 
 were once at length broken through and got in, made the more bioudy {laughter amocgd them, 
 for very anger and defpighc that they had kept them for th fo long. It is laid , t hat there were (lain 
 that day about fitty thoufand footmen and 4000 horfemen, 1400 taken prifoners, together with 
 fifteen tiephaOts with their governors. A number of the Romans were hurt and wounded, but 
 rhere died not in the field above jootootmenjand 24 horfemen : and of the regiment ot King £»- 
 n:enei not pali five and twenty. And for thatday vetily,the conquerours after they had r^nfacked 
 only the tents and paviiions of their enemies, returned to their own camp with great plenty of 
 pillage : but the next morrow they fellto fpoiling the bodies of the dead and gathered their prifo- 
 ners tc^eiher.And upon this vidcry^there came Embaffadors from T/i7«f<r;i and ^..if'-«;j'J<i,unto I 
 S}pilu/jioi to furrenderand deliver up their Cities. 
 
 An:ieclnuy who fled accompanied with fome few, having gathered unto him many more in 
 the way , who rallied themfeh es unto him, arrived at Sardis about midnight wich .. fmall power of 
 armed m'en ; and hearing that his fon SeUuctu and fome other of his friends were gone before to 
 j4pamea, himlelf alfo at thetor.rth watch departed thence with his wite and daughter toward ^- 
 vamca ) after he had committed the charge of guarding the City S.wdis unto Zcho,and appointed 
 ■r»»>»;;oovernourof Ljd^a. But the inhabitants of thefaid City and the garrifoniouldiers with- 
 in the Caftle, defpifed their govetnours, and by generall confent addreffed Embafladors unto the 
 
 Much about the fame time alfo,there arrived Embafladors from Tra!lej,3nd ^^/wf/?.? (which k 
 fiandeth upon the river Mea>ider)2iT)d likewifefrom £p//f/i«,to yield up their Cities.For Pdyxeni' 
 doi (advertifed of the iffue ofthisbattell)had abandoned Efhefn^; and having failed with the fleet 
 as far nsPatara'mLyda, for fear of the Rhodian (hips which rid in guard within ihehafbour of 
 ^f(r(/?^,disbarkedand put himfelf a(hore, and with a fmall company marched by land into Syria. 
 The Cities of ,://J.j were (urrendred into the hands and proteftion of the Conful, and fubmitted 
 to the people of /?owf. By this time now was the Conful poffcfled of 5<!r<i«j--,and thither repaired 
 unto him Scipo from £/<e.i,fo foon as ever he could endure the travell of journey. 
 
 At the fame time there came an herald from Antiochtis unco the Conful, who by the mediati- 
 on of Sc/p/o, made requefl; and obtained thus much, That the King might fend his Oratcrs and 
 Embaffadorsunto him. And after few dales Zeufis ( who had been governonr oiLydia ) together L 
 with yintip.tter ( Atitiochus his nephewor brothers fon^ arrived. Who firft dealt with King£«- 
 menes and communed with him, whom ( by reafon of old jars and quarrels J they fuppofed verily 
 to be the ^reatell enemy unto peace, and that he would never abide to hear thereof: but him they 
 found more reafonable and enclining to peaceable terms, than either the King their Maf^ers or 
 ihemlelves hoped and looked tor. Soby the means of ^r/p/o and him together, they had aicefs 
 unto the Conml; who at their earneli petition granted them a day of audience in a frequent af- 
 fembly- thereto declare their CommilTion and what they had incharge. "■ Then ( quoth Ze;:f,s ) 
 '•'• we are not fo much to fpeak and deliver ought of our own felves,as to ask and be advifed of you 
 '• fRominsy what courfe to take, and by what means of fatisfadionwe might expiateand fatisfie 
 " the trefpafs of the King our Mafler;and withall obtain grace and pardon at your hands whoare 14 
 '' the viclors ? Your manner alwaies hath been of a magnanimous and haughty fpirit.to forgive 
 "Kin^s and nations by you vanquilhed: How much more then is it decent and beleemingyou 
 " to do the like : yea and with a greater mind and more generous and bonntifull heart,in this vi- 
 '' £lory and conqueff, which hath made you IX. of the whole world ? Fornowitbehovethyou 
 " to lay down all debate and quarrel with mortall men here upon earth, and rather like the im- 
 " mortalfods in heaven,to provide for the good and fafety of mankind, and them to pardon and 
 "foroive. Now wasic agreed upon before thecomingof the Embafladors, what anfwer to make 
 unto^them ; and likewife thought good it was that hfricamsOnonXd deliver the fame, who (pake 
 by report in this wife : " We Romans,of all thole things which are in the power of the immortall 
 <'"ods,havethatmeafurewhichthcy voochfafed to give us: as for heart and courage which de- j^ 
 '■ pendeth upon our own will and mind, we have born (and ever will) the fame without charge 
 *■ and alteration in ail fortunes: neither hath profperityraifed and lift it up aloft, noradverfity 
 " debafed and put it down. For proof hereof, I might produce your friend A«»/^.?/aswitnefS: to 
 '•fay nothing of others, but that I can report me to your own felves. For after we bad pafTed 
 '"■ over HeHejpo>j:.t\cn before we (aw the Kings camp and army,when the hazard ofwar was in- 
 " different, when the i(fue doubtful! and uncertain, look what conditions of peace we then of- 
 " fered on even hand, and whiles we were equall one unto the other, and (loodupon terms of ad- 
 " vantage the fame and no other we prefent unto you at this time, now that we are conquerors. 
 * ■ Forbear to meddle within Europe: depart wholly out of A//.i,fo much as is on this fide T.virAS, 
 ''Moreover, in regard of the expencesdefraied in this war, ye (hallpay fifteen thoufandta-Q 
 " lents of filver according to the computation oiEuboea: five hundred in hand,two thouland and 
 *■ five hundred at the affurancc and making of the peace, by the Senat and people ot Ror^e ; and a 
 "thoufand talents yearly for twelve years nextcniuing. Alfo ye fhali make paiment unto £»- 
 '> menes of four hundred talents, and the remnant behind of the corn and grain which was due 
 " unto his father. And when we have contta£f;ed and concluded rhefe covenants, to the end that 
 •' we may reft alAircd chat ve will perbrm the fame, we demand for a gage and fufficicnc pawn 
 
 "that
 
 7hefevenandttbirtiethBool^ofT,Uiwms, 779 
 
 K " that yc deliver imo our bands tweivy hoftages, iuch as we (ball like well of and chufe. And 
 " for as much as we can never be ptnWaded thai the people ok Rtme Qia!! ei-jry Jorig peace there 
 " where hnnil/^rK, we demand above .11 things to have him in our cuitoay. Alio you (lull deliver 
 into our hands TA»<»/ the ifetolian, the ptincipail author and firebrand otf hit wu with the Ato- 
 *'lians, whoc uledyou to take armcsagainlt us, upon Ifurarce that bepsve ycuofthtm : and 
 likewile armed them upon the truft they hadinyou. Item, tcgc;htr with hroyou flialldfl vcr 
 "■ Mnafimackus the Acarnanian, together with ^-htlo and EnkulidM \hc Cbalcidians. i he K. Ihall 
 "now contraft peace in v orfe tftatc then he was, by realon ht mikethit later then he a.itht 
 "hjvedonc.But 1.7 caiehe hold rftlhll and delay, know he well thus much,thaf tberoii! uijjdty 
 "and port of Kings is with more diifkulty aaaied & taken down troai the highll pitch and degree 
 o ''i!n(0(he midfl ; then from that meancllate, cait down headlong to the lowtft.Nowthef'eEin- 
 bilhJors were Tent from theKint; with this charge to accept of ny articles o^ peace whatibe- 
 ver. And therefore it was decreed thst E;nl5s(Vadors fl-iould bedirefily lent to^awr, ' hcCi>nlul 
 divided bis army iotog«rri(ons tarto winter, fome in yT/<tgwr /7<i upon the nvcr Me^tndcr orhta la 
 TraHeis and Ephc/us, After fewdaiesthe ho'lages above;aid, were brought to £;;i?).'/i«/tomtbe K, 
 and E Tibaffadors alio came who were to c;o to Rome Ettmews likewiis went to Rome 1; the 'ame 
 timr that thcKinr;s Embaflidors.- and there folloiwedembiffies moreover oFall the iti'esot y^yj^i. 
 /, Whiles the atfur- of /l/fopslsedthus in thele terms, there were two pro-confuls returned out 
 foftbeir leveiail provinces, both in maner at once, upon hopetoobrsintnumph, to wit, Q; Mi- 
 »»r;«f out of Ltgurm nd M. heilitii our of ty£to!ia. When the cxpk)tts were heard, as ^eli of 
 the one as the other ^/»«r/*^ was flstely denied triumph, but Acitittshzi ;f g-anted with "teat 
 C con(cnt of all men .• who rode into the City triumphant over K. fiKtiochus ini the i£iolianj.In 
 which triumph there were carried before hitn 130 e^ligns, i 000 pound weight of maJlic fi! vtr in 
 - bullion ; ofcoin in '\tticK T'etradrachms ii^ooownCiUopbors 24^002. In pJae .1 any veRels en- 
 graved and cbaled, of great weight. He carried aiiom pomp the impleu entsoftne KKhoufc 
 allot" hiver, with rich and lumptuous apparclLAKocrowns of f^old4? prefentctl unto him by Ci- 
 ties alfocut .• befidesali (orts of licbrpo.lSiJnd moreover he led divers noblemen ptifoners.sndlaft 
 of all 36 capcains,as well iEfoliaos as thole who krved under theK:ng.Asfor DemocntHs.n^xttt 
 commartder of the '\etoli jijs.who fome fewdaies betbre had broken prilbn and ticjpcd by night, 
 he was ty his keepers that madefrelhloit after him, overtaken upon the cinkotT/^»'/j : ->uf be- 
 fore he could oe attached by tbem, he fell upon his own l*ord, tndranhimlelftbrout^h. Only 
 D there wanted tho;e that (hould have followed after his chariot ; otherwife the triuu>j^>h Hsd been 
 magnihcent and ftately,botb far the pompous fbew and aUo of the honor and renou(\ of exploits 
 atchieved. But the joy of this triumph was blemifhed With heavy tidings out ot .y/>4f«, ofaloffe 
 and ovcrtnro'V received of the PortugalSjin the couattey of V*lcetans,ncer the town Z,;f*,undec 
 tbccindu(5lof L. t/£w;//«i; where tfiooofthe Roman army were left diad in the phce^and the 
 reft diicoinfited and Dcarenbck into the camp; which they had much ado to defend and hold.atid 
 we'C forc-d to retire in m^^ncr of flight, and by long journ;cs rtcovcred the peaccaaie quarters of 
 their friends, ^nd this was the news out of ^p.««. 
 
 f-rom out I'f Fr4',ce the EmbstTadots of the Placentins and Cremnnians, were broogbi by the 
 PretorL. y4i:rHticM/ctMs \r.to the Senat .• where they made much moan and complaint for ilcfaulc 
 ^ and want of inhxiitants, whereof fome were devoured oy the edge of the 1 void in wats, others 
 confuaied by m lady a';d (ickncfst yea, nd certain of them departed out <:f their colonics 
 tor vvearinels they bad of the Gauls their neerneigbbours. Waereupon the Senat ordained C.£.<e- 
 iiM the Confulto enroll f he thought (ogood.ilxthoufand families, fortobedidributed amorg 
 fbofe Col Ties aforelaio :Sf '-.NitrnticuleiHs the Pretor to create thrceCominiflaries ciiied Trium- 
 virs, for the conJuilm.': of th; col jners and inhabitants aforefaid. And created there were M. 
 fittiiiMi Serranas, L. F'.tlertuj Fiaciut ihc (cnai Pui>liti4, tad L. f^^a/ctiiu T uppw the ion of 
 Caiut, 
 
 Nor long afier, a^airft the time of the Confulseleftion which approached Deer, C. £,<£//'«/ the 
 _ Con.ui returned on: ol Fr4icc to Kemt:, and he not only by vcrtiic ot the a<ft of t he Senat made in 
 his ablence, enrolled cittiin Uoloncrsto lupply the want in V/acetwamd Crffweuj, but aUopro- 
 pofed a bill,andaccordir-.gto it the Ll. of ; be Senat jrJaincd, that two new Colonies fhould be 
 conduuled intothe landthar appertaine tothc Boians. And ic the veiy fame time were letters 
 brought from L , ty£m)lii*s the Pretor, as touching the battel! at lea fought ncer to M^oncfns ; 
 which letters allbgive intelligence, that L, .S (;//>/» the Con ul had tranlported hij araiyiiiia ACta, 
 For joy of the laidnavall vidory, there was otdsined a folemiiprocclsionfjr one day, andio 
 regardthit the Roman army wsi thenfirltonfootin /4/n;/'.,tbe laid p-oceisioiconiinued mo- 
 ther day With lupp'icati.jn to the gods, that this voiage might turn to the profpet ity and joy of 
 the Commonweauh. And tbeConlul wascn/oyned at eachproccfsion and fupplicaion, lola- 
 ^ ctifice twenty head of greater bcalls. After this cnlued the lolemn aflembly for tbechufingof 
 *^ Contuis, wr.icb >vaj holden with great ftrifeand contention. For cyJi. t>/£mjltHS Lepidut Itood 
 to be Conin!, s m n grown into an ill name, and hardly fpoken of among the people.in that he had 
 left his g"ve:.aient and charge inS/o/^forthisoccalionandbufinclsuiiIy, without making luit 
 urto tueSaiitand craving leive !c> to ^^o. Together with him vverecouipetitorsin ekctionv*^. 
 ftiivtui Nst>iltor Cn. Mr.nliHsFolfo, and MyaleriMS MeQaU, Bnt f«/vi«i was choien alone, 
 became 1 he bad reft not futficicnt voices oFtbeCenturicJjind he the morrow after nominat rd Cn, 
 
 X X X Mttnlm
 
 ^ So i heje^ c n and thirtieth Boo \ of T. L i vius. 
 
 MmIihs for bisc-illra<;ue, and gave the repulie anitjLeftdas-Aox Majfala kept filence nd held H 
 bis tunauf. Which done, fhe Pretors were flefted, namely, the two i(«.;«r</ F<i^«V,the one fur- 
 nitned La/'eo^he other PiSlo^C who had been cooftcratid that year br the Flamin Cl,uirinali; M, 
 Sempreniui '^udits^u', Sp- Vojihumtut KlhinHi.LucmSiPltwtius HjfJfMs^ a.ud L.Beeiiuj Dives. 
 
 During the time that Af. Fnlvius NoOilier and Ch. MaJius Felja were Con<ah, P^alerifis An- 
 tias writetb that there was a rife rumour railed at Rome-, and held for certain, that L.Sctpiothe 
 Conful, together with P. Afrtca»ut, were called to-tbio a parley with King hntiecbHs^K touch- 
 ing the eniargment and delivery of young Scipto the fon of ^fnCMus, and by thst means were 
 b( th of rheir, arrefted and ;aken pritoners ; alio that when «hefc ctiief commanders were under 
 •arreft,theKini5saimy incontinently advanced againftthc Ronsan caoap, the lame was lurpriled 
 and forced and tbe wbo\c power of tht Roman* uttctlv defeated. By occafion wbeteor j it went I 
 currant aCo. that the vEtolians began to look aloft ,tefu*ed to obiy.andlhook off their alleagcance; 
 alfo that their Pnnces and chief States were gone into Afacedonj, D.irdanr and Thrace, to levy 
 and wsg*^ auxiliary forces .• moreovt r, tbtr A. Teretinui farro, tad M-nm Claudtiu Lepidus 
 were fcnt unto out of &<olta. fiom A.Comeltmnht Propietor, for to report thele news at Romt. 
 iaft of all, to 1 ake up the tale, he addetti and ia'th that tbe iE olian E -baliadors among other 
 tb'ngs beirg examined in the Senit aoout ttus ma'ter, and demanded of vwhom they heard and 
 uiiderliooi that tbe Roman Gcaeials were taken pnloners in rt/<J by King y^wrwit*/, and tbe 
 whole army ovcftbrownf anfwcreddircdHy, that f bey h d advettUemeni thereof by their own 
 Etnbaffjdors, wba had oeen vvitbtbeConlul. But becaulel find noother author befides him that 
 makuh mention of ths rutr.or I dare poi for any tbingthat I can fay otmy Iclfjrcport it for accr- K 
 tain truth, nor yet omit it ss a meer fable or loud lie. 
 
 The jEtolian E bafladors were permitted ro come into the Scnat boufc; and being induced 
 finregaidof their own cauCe andprclieni condiuonjtoconfcflea truih, and ss huaiblefupplisrits 
 toctavc pirJonand f^ rgivenels cithe- for their fault, or miiptifionai.d crror,began witbabed- 
 roll of theirtavoursafdaond turns done unto ibe people of Rome, yra and in manner to up'jraid 
 the Roma.'s with the valour which ibey fhewedinthe waragatull Ph'ipj But with their arro- 
 gant and in olent language 'hey offended the ears of the Senators; and by tipping up old matters 
 done and p»lt (time otit ofmiiid andut eriy f)fg'jiten> they b ndled tbcir own ciule lo, and 
 brought it to this pafle, tha? thcLL. of theSenatocgjntocall tomioii much mora harm and mif- 
 Chitf contrived and pracfii'ed by that nation, tbto kindnelses and coutttiics received at their L 
 hands : inlbmuch as the iEtolians baviug ntcd of their mercy,mcurrcd ihcir heavy diipieafure, and 
 provoked ibem to ancer and fiatrcd. Beioj^ askid this qaeiiion by one of the Senators Whether 
 they w ould icfer and lu-miit themfelves to tbe cenlure and judgment of the people of Rome ? and 
 Iikewiic of anoibtr. If tney could becontent to hold them for their friends or enemies whom the 
 R'jmansfo accounted; they arlwered lu t a vvo>d ; and thereupon immediatly werecorrmanded 
 out effbe CJoirt .-aiid prelenrlyalltbe Secac began rocry out wi^h one voice, that the ifctolians 
 ■were all liill •orKinj's fiutteckiu depcndini; wh lyandonlj uponthat hope, and therefore they 
 ougbf to wara.aifut l^emasundoubtea entmics, a^id totakedown and laincthwfo proud and 
 fcllonbus btsrisof (b-Mf own. Over aid dc ides all this, anothershing there svas chat incited 
 andk.njltdioc Itom^ikiot ire LL. againli them, bcciuleat tbe very Ume inlbnt whenthey M 
 Iccmedtoicquire peace at theRotnars bands, they warred againil Dolofia \.\d. hthamar.ta. So 
 there pa -.ed s d'=creeof ibe Sena, (and ihe lame was moved by M. hcthus., who had va quifhcd 
 and lujducd \«f/ec^^«t and tbe it olnns^ fnit they (lull void that very day out of the City of 
 Rome ; and within fii'tecn daies next cnlumg out of all Italj hu^Terentiiu Varm .vas fent tolafe- 
 condud fhemoi tbe way .• andthis warning they took wittithem,tbat if ever after there came 
 anv'EmfaalTa>inri fiom the TEtoiianSjWith ut the war'anf,licenfCiard permilsion of the chief Ge- 
 oerai who gov. rned the province or not ^ccomp nied with a Roman Lcgat,they iTiould be repu- 
 tedajlof hem tor no better thtn enemies, In this manct were thtittolians dilmifled & lent away. 
 
 After this the ConiuU pr.'poled unto the Sera', a^ touching the government of tbe provinces, jij 
 Andih' ugntj^oodit v^'as tbat they •ncmielvesi'bould can lots foteyf/J/d&ji/rj Unto him whofe 
 If tit fhould be to govern A/1.1, wisappoi itdthatarn:iy which L. Sctpiohid. Andfortofurnifh 
 it f lily u a-idmakr uptbedrtaicdoands.h was allowed to have fcur thoufand foot men ofRo- 
 Diaii» >vii a two hundred '■"orfmcn-of llirstbat were Latins>eigh: tbouland oot and fourthoufand 
 n.en otarms, ar.d with thclc forces he was twirake war sgiinft hntiochus. The other Conful 
 had a'signcd unt. . bin tha; arn v which as ALtolta : and liberty he had for (upply of that broken 
 army to Irw the lauier.umicrof Citizens and illits that his comp nion in government bad enrol- 
 led. Tot.iL-(aii c Conful wa^ granted a cor .lilsion likcwifc to fet in order, furnifh, and take With 
 bim thofe fhips which the formor year w^' ' prepared and rit;ged, and not only to make w r 
 With the iEtolianj, I ut a'fotoiailoverim fheine CfphaUma. And wirhall, the laid Conful O 
 had inchargetoreiuinhome'o A7wr forthe cledionot Majiiflrats, if he might fo do conve- 
 niently with the good of tdt Com mo!.- weal. I or befide.s the a. nuall Msgiitrats ^ who were 
 to becholcn otjc u cr ai.othetj .t wa.s agreed upon, that Cenforsall.! fhouTd be created. But 
 in caie his affi'ts detained bim, that he might no' lemrn in per on. then he wastopivc adver- 
 tilCinent, audfi^iitiic fo much to 'he Senat, thst he cooid . u poi'sihlv be prrlVnt at the time of 
 the a lore fa id LL- ;io(i. So .£t-7//4 f eli oy lot to M Fmv at^^O'i \r,.fr,rr,. M^i'ihj. Tcicnthe 
 Piciois fell 10 lira vv lots for tbeir provinces. Sp.Pojiumnn hihnut baa ihc jurudidion over 
 
 Citizens
 
 Thefeven and thirtieth Boo\^ ofT, Li vius. 781 
 
 A citizens «nd forrciners both : M. Sempro^iHtTuditoMut governed 5/f«^ .♦ and O. Fal>itis?iElor 
 the QuiriniU Flamin, Sdrdmiai Q^. Fa^imi Le6eovtt%iAm\ti\\ oi the r\t\y atfea:and L.Plau- 
 /«■«/ /f/;;/?*/ was allotted to the rule of high 5/>4/», and L. fi<«^«/ P,z/r/ of the lower. Foe 
 5/c//; one legion was appointed, together with that fleet which was already in that province. 
 Allbthere wsordergiven thatthenew Pretorfhould impole two tenrhs of corn upon the Sici- 
 lians, and (end the one into ^<;4, and the other into e/£ro/M. The like impofition was laid and 
 cxaAed upon the Sardini. ns.and the iaid corn to be con veighed into the (i mc armies that the Sici- 
 lian corn was.Afupply wasgranted untoL.5a*/«jfor Sfamoin thouland Rom.footmen and fifty 
 horfe bcfides •• belidcs lixthouland Latin foot, and two hundred horlinen. Unro PI ntius Hjpfeui 
 for the higher SpAin were allowed a thouland Roman footmen: with two thouUnd Latinc allies 
 
 n and two hundred horfe.Befides thefe fuppkments.boththe provinces of ^pAin were allowed each 
 ofthem one legion. The Magillrats and governoursof the former year continued Rill m place of 
 command for one other yeer, to wit, C , Ldtni with his army;3nd P. lunint alfo the Propretor in 
 Hetrttria with tho^e forces which were in the province ^.T«c««/likewife in the Brutians coun- 
 try and ^puiia. 
 
 But before the Pretors went into their provinces, tberehapncda variance between ?. Lici- 
 nins, the Arch-Pontifie or chief Prelat, and ^_f<i^i«/ /'/fl»r the Q^uirinall I Uiniii, likeunto 
 that which (ometime fell out between L. Meifllus and Pofthnmins \lbttiKs. I or at what time 
 as V»f}hum>HS the Confiil was upon his departure and journey to his fleet in Sicily, together with 
 C.Lu^atius his colleague, Metdias the Aichbifhop for the time being, kept him back 
 upon occalion of certain (acrifices to be celebrated ; lembhbly, when as f j^/«/f he I'rctor would 
 
 C have gone into 5rfrJ.<:'»/4, P. Licinms the high Priell deteincd him. Mochftrife and hard hold 
 there was hereabout, as weilin theSenat houfe, as befjre the people. Inhibitions palfed to and 
 fro. Cautionsandplcdges were diflraincd, -fines they impofed one upon anothers head .-the Tri- 
 bunes were called unto on both I'.des for to interpole their suthorify, and they appealed both un- 
 to the people. In fine, religion, and the regard of holy rites took place, snd cat ried it clear, and the 
 Flamiti was enjoined to obey the chief prielt landoy order and exprcfie commandment from the 
 people, allfines were taken off and forgiven. And when thePreror for very anger and fpite 
 that be was debarred from his province, would have furrendred and refigned up his government, 
 thcLL. of the Scnat impeached and terrified him by their abfolutc authority, and ordeificd that 
 be (hould miniftcrjufticc, andexetciiecivilljurifdidlion between aliens. After that the mufters 
 
 D were ended within fe wdayes (for many fouldiers were not tobc levied and enrolled^ botfj Con- 
 foU and Pretors took their journey into the provinces. After this, there arofe 4 bruit concert^ing 
 the occurrcnts and affairs m A/<«, blown and fpread abroad I wot not how, nor from what au- 
 thor it proceeded :bat after few dales there came certain meffengers with letters from the Gene- 
 rals of the Roman army , fent of purpole to the City, which cauled not (o great joy prefently en- 
 fuing upon the fredi fear aforel'aid (for why ,they were no more afraid of jE/c//^ by them alrea- 
 dy conquered^ as dafhed quite the fan'.e and opinion that went on Amiochus, vjhom in thebegm- 
 nin"ot this war they fuppofed would b«ve been a dangerous enemy unto them, as well in regard 
 of hisownpuiflance.asfor that be had the dirediionandconduftof-rf«n/^4/in the war.'bowbcit, 
 they thought good to alter nothing, either as touching the lending of the Conful into A//j, or 
 
 ^ dimini(hing his forces, for fesr they fliould hive war with the French. 
 
 Not long after M. hnreliM Cotta, a lieutenant of Sapia, came to Rome with the Embiffadots 
 of King Amiocbtts, and likewile King Etimenes and the Rhodiins. Cotta reported and declared 
 firft in theSenat, and afterwards in a full aflemtly of the people (by order and commandment 
 from the LL. of the Courjcell) what sgairs had palled \n Spain Whereupon ordeined it was, that 
 there fliould be holden a foiemn procefsion for 5 dales together : and order was given, that 40 
 kead of greater cartel fhon'd be killed for ficrificcThis done,thc Senat atfcnibledfor to give au- 
 dience to King B««M.":Hr(f above allother mrttcr: who briefly in few words having rendrcd 
 •< thanks to the lL. of the Scnat, for that they had delivered him and his brother from fiege, and 
 
 P " protedled his letlm a'^^ainff the wrongs and outrages cfired by Antioch:ts : alio having teflified 
 " bis joy by way of gtatulation for their ptofperous and fortunat affairs atcbieved both by land and 
 " fea :namely , in that they had difcomfited and put to flight K.Ant$ochfa,Si driven him out of his 
 *• camp,that he could not keep the field ; and withall dilfeizcd and difpoflellcdhim fitft oiEuropt 
 and afterwjrdsofallthat part of ^-VA" which licth on this fide tnc mountain Taurus i hccoDclu- 
 " ded and knit up all with ibis.That as touching his ov^ii demerits and employments about their 
 "affairs, he had rather they took knowledge by their own generals, captains and lieutenants, 
 '■ than from his mouth.They all approved well of this fpeechof his, and willed him to Ipeak boldly 
 without bafhful modefty in that cafe, What he thought in equity and resion the Senat and people 
 of Rome was to yeeld unto him by way ef jurtly rccompenle •• alluring him that the Senat would 
 
 _doit more willingly and liberally fit poflsibly they could) according to the worthof his defetr, 
 
 ^ The King antwcred thus again, that in cafe any other had made him that cfter, and given him the 
 "choice of his own rewards, he would gladly have ufedthc counfell of that honorable court 
 " of tbeRomanSenat(lo he might have the means and liberty to aske their advicc^t o this end that 
 •«ha would not be thought, either to exceed metfure in ..ovetous defirc, or palTe the bounds of 
 modelty in craving a rccompenle. But now confidering they ate themfelves to give that reward, 
 '« much more realon it is that their magnificence and bounty to him & his brethren fhoald be re- 
 
 Xxx a ferrecj
 
 782, ThefevenandthirtiethBookofT^hWms. 
 
 "Icrrcd ro theTr own aibitremeftt and"di(aetIon.Tbc LLof tie 5en»t weie nothing moved at this H 
 
 hneuseeof bis^ut urged him ftill to IpeakhimfelHnbis own caufe. And after a certain tioKtbat 
 
 ibey had Ikived a-vic, the LL. incoortehe and kindneis, the King in modefty and (bamefaftncls. 
 
 yeelding one unto the other reaprocally, infach amiable and mutuall manner as hardly can be 
 
 exprefTed,£«w«^i,deparied out of the temple.The Scnat perfifted neveithelefs in their relolution 
 
 f»y ing,it was very ablurd and undeccnt that the King lliould be ignorant ppon what hopes he wa* 
 
 come, and what he purpoled to make fuit and petition for; and bimfelimuft needs of .11 others 
 
 know beft what was meeteft and moft expcdenc for his own Kingdom.- yea. and was far better 
 
 acquainted with the elUte and afi.irs of A/ia then the Senat w-s.And therefore no reracdjsbut ha 
 
 mull becalkd a^ain, and compelled to declare and deliver what bis willjdeluc and mina was to 
 
 The Oration have. Hereupon the King was brought back into the temple by the Pretor, and urged to fpcak. I 
 
 of King E«;??f.Thena?laft,fflyLL. (qd.be) I would have pethfted lUU in filcnce, but that I knew that anon ye 
 
 w. in the St= c: will call the embaflsge ot the Rhodians in place.and that afcer audience given unto ihem.I mutk 
 
 nat otRome. „ peither will nor choofe but make fomc fpeech of neceifity t and verily wiifafo much more 
 
 " difticulty (hall 1 ipeak, becauie their demands will be luch, as if they would (etm not only to 
 
 *' require ncthing prejudicial! and hurifull unto me, bnt alfo (which more is) matters liitle oc 
 
 "nothing pertinent to themfdves. For plead they will and mainciin theciufeof theCitiesjn 
 
 " Greece, {3iy\ng^bcy ought be (etfree and at liberty •• which being once obteined, who can make 
 
 " doubt but rather they will withdraw from ourobeilance,not only the Cities which (hal be freed, 
 
 " but alio thofe which have been homagers and tributaries uutousofold tinac? yea, and will keep 
 
 "them as lub jeds in very deed and wholly at their devoiion, whom being thus bound and obliged K 
 
 " to them by lo great a benefit, they call by the name of AlVociatJ, sad would make the world be- 
 
 «• lieve they repute them for no other? Yet forioath(I wot vvell)i:i aft'eaing ani afpiring to tUis lo 
 
 "■ great powc- a- pQiflance,tbey will carry it focleanly & make l'cmbl«nt,as thoughrhism no wife 
 
 " touched and concerned them-- but it is befitting you alone.corrti'pondeot & anlwerable to orbec 
 
 "former deeds of yours. But be ye well advilcd, and let net their glofing words deceive you j 
 
 •' take you beed,I fay >that ye go not with an uneven band nor bcaryour (elves equ»lly,whilcs you 
 
 "deprefle and abale too much lomepfyour allies, in promoting and ajvaocing others beyond all 
 
 *' meafure; and above .11 beware thatthey who have littup their fpear ani barn ruis ag.uiit you, 
 
 "be not more kindly intreated & in better condition.then your loving friends and faiihtullconfe- 
 
 " derats. Vor mine own part in sU other things I would gUdly be thought of every man, rather to TL 
 
 " keep wiihin my compals ; yca^and yeeld fomewbat of my tight whatfosver it is, then to flrive 
 
 "toonnichin the maintenance and holding therot .• but inthcqueftionof yourfricndfliip, my 
 
 " affrfti- n towards yoo, and to the honour which (ball come from you I cannot endure with • 
 
 " patience that any one Ihould out-go and lurmount uiy (elf. This 1 account the grcareft inheri- 
 
 ••tanceleft untomeby my father the hrlt^fof ail thofei bit inhabit in Greece and A[ia) who was 
 
 "enreitained in your ami'.y and continued intbeiaaiu alwaiesmoU faft, moll conftant and fure i 
 
 •^^ ever to bis dying day ; who not only (lie wed found aftefiion and loyall heart unto you, but alfo ' 
 
 '* wasinperfoneuiploicd in all your wars which ye made in Greece^u wdiatland as at (ca ; afllft- 
 
 "ed and aided you wifh all kind of provifions, in luch lort, as none of ail your allies bcfides was 
 
 <• any v.'ay comparable or came necr to him. Andlinally, asheearneftly exhorted the Boeotians M 
 
 '''to accept ofyour loci ety, he (unk down,(woonedin theveiy aflembly & not long after yeelded 
 
 *' up his (pirit and dyed.Hisfootlleps havcl troden,and followed his good example. For aflfcdion 
 
 '^ verily and l-udious dcfire to boncur yoo, I could not have Oiore then he had(for I fuppofe it was 
 
 " impoUi^le tolurpaflc him therein .• ) but in kind plealutes, cffeduall (crviccs, ofiices, courte- 
 
 "(ies, andfivours, to furmuunt and go beyond him; the gooiuefs of fortune, thcoccafion of 
 
 '' timcSj King AKtiochut and the war of ^/(i,havc miniftred ample and (ufficient matter unto me. 
 
 " jintioclus)s.\ng of Afia and part of Eftroft) gave me bis daughter in marriage, and with her cn- 
 
 ' do wed me with the repoflefiion of thofc Cities which had revolted f torn us. He fed mc moreo- 
 
 * ver with great hopes of encreafing mydominionintimc to come,ifl would have fided withhioi f^ 
 
 "• againlt you. I will glory and vaunt of this, that I have done nothing to offend and difpleale you : 
 
 •' I will rather rebcaue thole plcafures and letvices which are befeeming the ancient amity and 
 
 •' friencfliip between our houie and you. In forces as well for land as lea, 1 have friended and 
 
 •' helped your Generals in luch wi(e,asl forbid all your allies befides to do the likc.'furnifhed them 
 
 '\Ihjve with vidu l$on the land, with provifions at (ea. In ail the battels and confiiSs by (hips 
 
 *' f which were many and in (undry places jl was prelcnt in perloa. I underwent all travels.I id- 
 
 "ven'ured all perils, and no where favoured my fcU and thought much of my pains : nay.tfait 
 
 '■'• which is the greatcll calamity andmifery thatfolloweth wars, I w.,sbefieged, and endured it .- 
 
 "encluled I was and (hut up within Vergar/iUt, to the utter hazard of my life and of tny realm and 
 
 " loyalldigniiy. Andaftcrl was delivered irom that danger and the fiege raifcd, t\bt\t Antitehus q 
 
 *' of one hdc and SeUticus on anotber.lay encamped about the pnncipall fortrede of my Kingdom^ 
 
 *'I quit mine own ifairs and laid all afide, to come with ny whole fleet into //?if«'/^o«,& there 
 
 '^to meetwitb c. .' f //>/<> your Conful, and to aid him in tranlporting and wafting bis army iiuo 
 
 " Afi^. And wben y onr forces were pafTed over, I never afterwards departed from him ; there 
 
 " was not a Rom-fculdier more reliant ordinarily in your camp then my Iclf and my brethren.No 
 
 " expeditions,no rodesjuo exploit of horfe letvice was there without me.ln battel have I (food on 
 
 ' 'foot & guarded that quarter which theCcf.hath appointed m^ to keepti wil not iiy^y LLwhat 
 
 one
 
 ^T he /even and thirtieth Boo\ ofT, Li vius. 78 3 
 
 A »' one perfon there is thit bstb done lb good (ervice for you in the Itft war as I mv (clf, and who 
 " is any way comparable unto me: nay, I dare make companion with ail (lates and Prmces what. 
 '* loever, whom you efteem and honour lo highly ? AUfamjja before be was your friend, was 
 ** yourprofevTedenemic .became not to you with his aids in the time ot bis uprigot fortune, and 
 *^ whiles bis Kingdomcflorifbed in good eitate ; but when he was banifhcd, driven out of his 
 "Kingdom, and turned out ofall» he fled intoyonrcamp, accompsniedoniy witha fmall troop 
 "and cornet ofhorfemen: Yetnevertbclefle, becaufe he Hood fait toyotiandbirehimlelf in all 
 '* loyalty, and fliewedhisprowedcin your behalf againlt .S';;>;:4.v,and[he Cartbagiiiiaiis in///^/«-;^, 
 *' you not only reltored him to his fathers Kir.gdome. and placed him again m the royal'i throne, 
 '•but yoa laid unto hi> dominion thericheft p rt oftberealiii oi Syphux made him the moU puif- 
 B "(ant and greafefl Prince ot all the Kings in A/ric/S^. What reward then, ray-wbat honour are we 
 ' worthy to have at your hands ; wcfl lav) who never were enemies, bat ever friends ? My ta- 
 "tbcr, my lelf,mv brethren, have born armi in yourqaarrcUby land, by lea, not only m hjiahat 
 ** farfromourownhoineand narivefoil inff/ojjffKw/wi wbujiia in iErtf//«i,duringthe war witb 
 *'^ Ph'iip, with A«r<flc'»», with the ^tolnns. What rtcampcncedemnd youthen ? may lome 
 "n^an'ay. Vora'.muchisfmv Ll..) vou will hive itlo, and u is yourplca(urethat I (hou!d Ipeak 
 '' my mind;t'ood reafon it is t ha? I obe^'. I nis fl;s!i Hand for all ; if you h \ e diipolkffed hnticch»s 
 *'of all on this MeTawus with this intent, to hold thoie lands j mir own (elves ; none better then 
 *• you, and whom I wo.ild rather wnh to be my neighbours and to confine upon me. • neither c^n 
 **1 bethink me,of any means in the world i' ore important io the l&fety and (trengihof my Kiog- 
 /L*'don)c. Bui* in cafe your purpofe be to dv part and retire your forces fromthtncc, I date be bold 
 ^ *• to lay, that of your allies, (and put them all toi<:ther)therc is not one more worthy then my (elf 
 " to have and bold that wbicn you have won by cor^quclt. But an honourable deed it is and mag- 
 "nihcent.tolet free and deliver Cities out oftbraldomeand (crvitude. True and I my (clf am of 
 •' the lame opinion? provided alwaie5>th.n they had . ttcmptcd nought by way of hodilitic againft 
 " you.Bnt incalethey had t3l<cn partar.ddded with A«/((;c/)«/j how much mot eltndeth it with 
 *' wiidom, nsy with equit\ and rralon, to be relptfliveof your allies vvho have io w ell defetved 
 "atyour handi.then toreea-d yoor enemies. This Oration of the Kini; much pkalld the LL of 
 the Senat, andioon it was teen by their countenancethat they would dcaioounteoufliv' and iibe- 
 rally with him. yea, and gratific him in wh»t they might. Then audience wasgiven toabnef 
 ♦ embtllagf- of the Smymeans, who by fccalion that (ome of the Rbodians were ablenr, came be- 
 ^twccntnd delivered their ■neiTage. Highly were theieSmyrneans commended, in that they chofe 
 rather to enoure uti extremities thentoyetld theinlelvesuntcKing A»f»of/;«j,Thcpthe Rhodians 
 eotred in place : and the chief man of their emLiaHies after nc had declared the firftocc fion and 
 beginning of the am'ty which they fead with the people of iJswf, and flic we J \yithall the good 
 dcterts and li?rvices which i he Rhs/dians bad performed in the waisfirit againft P^</'/p and then a- 
 q,a.\Q[k Antiochus. wc;'t on and ip»^e as foUowtth, '• R:ght honourable, there is nothing more 
 •■'difficult andtroublefoiTi-.- unto U3 in ail the bulinefie that we have in hand then this one thing, The orat'on of 
 " that there is lome variance and matter to be debated between us and £««r/.*j,thc only K. of all Embaftdor". 
 '•'• others,with whom efpccially every one of us in privat, and ^tbst which toucheth us more)our 
 £ '*City inpublick, doth entertain the bond of friendlliip and mutui:lhofpitality. Howbeitnorc- 
 *■* pugnancy is in our afteftions (my LL.) but even the courle of this world and nature it (elf('tbe 
 "migbtieU thingofall^ which di^joyneth us and caulcth difference, ■ thisa:8kethus(being men 
 *' free bornj to defend and maintain the freedom alloof others .• thisis it, thstmovtth KK. tobe 
 " defirous to have all in (ervitude and iubjcftion under them, and at their command. But howloe- 
 •' ver it is, our moiefty and the reverent regard we have of the King perfon hurteth us more, then 
 '' either the debating of our ctufc with him is otherwife difricult unto us, or the deciding thereof 
 '•like tobeintricat and toublelome unto ^ou. Vor in cafe it were fo, th tjou could not honour 
 " and reward a King, your allie and friend ,for his good (ervice done in this war (for recompcnce 
 "whereof you lit in confultationj by no other means, unleffe you deliver free Cities into his 
 p'' bands, to (erve in bondage; then were it hard for youtorelolve ; for fear led cither ye fhould 
 ''fend away a prince('wour friend and confederat)withoutguerdon and honour ; or feem to change 
 "that laudable cnterptife ofyouts which you have begun, to (lain and blcmilli your glory now 
 '*(wbicb you have acquired by the war againft Phi/ip) with reducing (o many Cities and ftates 
 "into (crvitude. But your happy fortune eafeth yon right wellol this difiiculty and necelfity, 
 *»thit you need net fear cither to empairyour credit ai\d favour with your friends jOr to endamage 
 "your reputation and honour among men. For(thegodsbe thanked therefore) you have aichie- 
 " vedatidlory, no lelle rich then glorious, and lutficient ('if Imay (oi'ay) to diichirgeallyouc 
 '• debts, and let you clear with all the world. For Ljcaoni.t, Phngvi both the great and the Icffe, 
 f •' viho\cPifidiit, Cher/0»efut^ and in brief all the confines ot Enrope arc under your dominion. Of 
 Q " all which provinces, if you lay but one by ('which you will your l'elves)for K. Eumeues, you (hal 
 " mightily enlarge and implifie his Kingdom .• but, give him Jl.you will make him equal! totbc 
 " greatelt princes and monarcbs that are. You fee then by this,that you may recompence and en- 
 " rich your alhes out of the conquell gotten by war, and nevcrtbelels hold out your good cuftom 
 • that you have begun,temcmbring alwaies what title you pretended firft in your war w\thPhiiip, 
 "&now lately witbA«/ec/)<«;c6iideriDg withal.what you did then -tter Philip was vanquitli'd,fic 
 *'what is requited and expei^ed at your binds,now .- not (o much becaufe you bsve ufcd it ahea- 
 
 Xxx 3 dy
 
 7^4 Jbefeven and thirtieth Book of T. L ivius* 
 
 " dyi s< toi' that it was meet and decent you fhould Co do. Maoy cauies tbere c<e(and thalVcoiour- H 
 " .:bly j'aft and lawfoll^ to enter into arjD8.-one pretended this:flnoth€rth tjtome in ri^br of lands 
 " «nd territories, other of villages ; loroe lay claim to towns and Ciiks,others cfaallengr the po(- 
 "feflion of ports and havens, and one trafl or other of the <ca-cosfts. Asforjfou, before you eft- 
 •' joyti thcfe things^ yon dcfired them not : fince then ye have now compafled tht-, whole earth, 
 "and are LL. of the worldj you cannot polfibly covet the lame any more. Warred you have and 
 «^ fought for honour and glory, in the fight of all the nations of the earth, who uow tbi$ bog time 
 '■ behold and regard yout name and empire,no lefle then they do the gods iromortall.Arxd I wot 
 *• not vi'clljWbetber tbofe things which we hardly come by ,be nor with tiiore 6it6cdiy bolden & 
 '■ kept afterwards, then they wercpurchalcd. You undertook to deliver & rid out cttbeiervuncte 
 *' and oppieffion of Kings, and to maintain in liberty, amoft ancient and noDlc.^tate.-^CTwwaed I, 
 *' for their worthy and famous afts, and right commendable for their tingulat learning and koow« 
 " ledge in all fciences. For your honour it is, having once received all this nation inyoiu: Jategard 
 '* andproteftion.to defend and pretcrve the fame for ever. And think uot,th»tt hole Cities only 
 •* art more Greek which ate built and (eated upon the ancient (oil oiGrceet then their cobnies 
 '■ which have been drawn from them,Jc in times paft went from thence into /IfiM; f-n the change 
 " of ajr and place hath wrought no alteration, either in the nature and complexion, or tne iranere 
 »* and fafhions of the people. Asfor us, endevoored we have do Dettct and bettcr.ard each City 
 »' bjth entered into mhoncft contention and religious emulation to out-go «nd furmount their 
 «' forefathers and firft founders in all good arts and commendable vtrtues. rh;rc br m r>y o^yoa 
 <' who have been in Greece, m^ny have viGtedthe dtxtioi jijia-, and (etnng aficlerhiso»iy,Thal K 
 '• we are farther diftant and remote from you, there isno diftiieiiceanj ods bctvecnus and 
 " them. The Mafsillans, whom('if pofhble it bad been, tba; an imbtc) temp ratuic mii\ht be al« 
 '« tered and overcome with the ftrengtb and nature, as ir were i» the ioil) lo many wild, baiba- 
 '■ rous, and untamed nations, environing them round about, would have made cruell ..nd favage 
 ''long before this day ; we hear fay and underftand to be in thar requtlt and cfiimation (by good 
 «' right, and their delcrt^ among you, as it they dwelt in the very mifift and heart o Gretce , for 
 " not only they retain ftillthe vcrynsturali language of their own, tpey keep them to their old 
 « faftiion of apparell and attiie.and carry the fame poj t in their gefture and coBHtenance,but iKo 
 •< above al things they have kept and oblervcd thsircuftoms^their manere, their Ja<«s tod natural 
 •=ditpo!:tion pure and entire, nothw/italtindiog the frequent commi'rce with thofe, m the midft L 
 " of whom they converfe and inhabit. Well,the inouotain Tattrta at this day is the limit of your ' 
 «: empire and iigcnoty one way .* and therefore wbarfoevcr lietb between you and that bound, 
 «« you moft not think it remote, bnt look how far jtour arms hive reached, lo far let your laws and 
 «' jarildiftion e.vend. Let Bart3arians,who knoi\' no otner U ws thf n lordi hetts,havc their Kings, 
 "(ince they takefuch pleafureinthem, an 1 much good may they do their hearts .* asfor the 
 ''Greeks, they mutt do <.s tie/ may, and arcnotCweconfeffe)in{ogoodcaleasyou, howbeie 
 "they carry with them as br ve ' mind as your lelves ; and rh-j day hath been, when they were 
 «<Monarchs, when they conquered by their own I word a mighty dominion, and held the fame 
 « when they had it. Now they arc content with that empire where it no w is, nay, they wifb ic 
 <tmay remain and continue there forevermore, where it is fetled at thisprefeot, IbeyfiiallbcM ''■ 
 '« well apaied, and think they src well, to maintain their liberty by your force of arms, fince they 
 (•have no means of their own to defend the fame. But(willlome roan lay J there be certain Cities 
 "that held a fide and banded with Jntiochmxl anfwer again,fo were lome before that took part 
 " with Phtlip, lb there were that conbined with Pjrrhut.tskox e xamplc.the Tareotins .• and to 
 «'fay nothing of other States, which I could name and rebearfe, even Carthage it lelf enjo5fetli 
 <«freedom and is governed by her own laws. Confidcrthen my LL. what a precedent therein 
 '<yc have fet down to your own felves.and how ye ought to confirm and uphold fogood an exam- 
 'fple. You muftrelolvc to deny that unto the covetous defire of £»w««, which you would not 
 ♦•grant to your own ire againfl; the Carthaginians, which they bad moft juftly dcferved. And jq 
 ('asfor us Rhodiam, with what valour and loialty webaveferved and aided you, as well in 
 «' this war, as in all others which ye have bad in tbofe parts and quartets, we report uscoour 
 <' own (elves,and leave it to your judgment. And now in time of peace, w« here prelent unto you 
 <( that couulell, which if you will accepr and approve, all the world will beleeve and fay. That 
 " you have born your (elves more honorably in the ufage,then in the atchievance of your viftorjr. 
 Tht£ Oration ieen<ed to fit well the greatnefi and ma jetty of ttie Romans. When the Rbodiaos 
 tad done, the EmbalTadors of AntiochmivititcilWixn. Wbo after tfeeufual and ilalemaner 
 of tbofe that crave pardon, confefled the King was in fault, and humbly belought the LL. of the 
 Senat to have more regard of their own accuilomed gracious clemency ,then remember (be Kings 
 trelpaOe, who had paied fufficiently for it already ,• and finally that chey would ratifie and cott- q 
 firm by their authority, the peace granted by Z,. 5tf//)M> the Lord Ganerall, according to thofe 
 conditions, which by him were capitulated and fet down. So both the Senat thought good 
 to admit of that peace, ^nd alio within few daies afterthc people gave their affcnt and e- 
 l^ablilbcd the fame, ftnd this accord was iolemnly confirmed in the Capitol, with the Kings 
 Procurator or agent, to wit, jintpater, the chief ofthecmbaff^e, wboalfo^as Amoehtu his 
 brothers fon. This done, the other embiQages of j4/ia had audience,and were all difpatcbed with 
 this one anf wet) that the Seoat vyould fcndteau4putics«rcoBi^ffiiC)aer8,a€CocciiDgtotbean- 
 
 cient
 
 Tbefexen and thirtieth Boo\ afT. Livius. 785 
 
 A cient cultomc of their ancellors, to hear, decide, and compof c all their affairs of uiffa. But the fi- 
 nall conclufionof all Qiould be this, That whatfoever pertained to the dominion of jiHtiacbw on 
 this fide the mountain 7"^«rflr/, fliould be afiigned to King £««<•««, exceptingthe countries of 
 L;c/<« and C<ir« , fofar asthe ri<rer yl/<«^irr, all which malt lietothefignory of the Rhodiinj. 
 AS touching the other Cities of /Ifia, which had been tributaries to -4ff«j/w, thole alio were to 
 pay tribute to Eugenes : but fucbas were lometimes homagers to ^wroc^w, thofc fhoald be 
 cnfranciled and remain free. The t en commiliioners whom they appoiptt^cJ were t heic, to wit 
 O. Mi»iitias Rufus, L. F/iriut Purpurea, O. Minutius The'muf, ^p^.C/auatus Nero, Ctt.Ctr' 
 Kc/iMs Mtra/at M. lanius B.-HiHS, L. Auru»cu!eius, L. Aimjhus Pau/us,l-'.Ccrnch>ij Letiu/uj, 
 and p. iy£lii*s Tit^ero. Thele men had plenary po vvci- rnd fullcommiffion to take order anddeter- 
 
 B mine asthcy thought good, in all the occurents that were preicntcd in thele ffiirs. Bat they 
 bad diredlion froin the Senat, as touching the principal points.- /wfMwAf, That all Z,;c4(?B«rt and 
 F/»r;^M,both the more and the Jefs,that y*/;/*, with the Kings chafes and forretVs, that the Cities 
 of Ljdia and lo»ia,except thofe that were free at rhe day of tlie battell fought vyith yinttochus,ind 
 expreffdy by name (JiUgnefsa nzitSiplut, together with C4r/>, which is called HjdreU.zai 
 all the tarritorie of //)7irir/<« [yinj: toward Phrjgia; moreover 7 f/w/j/i*/ and the forts ofthe Tel- 
 inelfians, reerving only that territory which belon;;ed toPro/.7wf«/ the Tclmcffian ; that all thel'c 
 countries, I ray,and Cities above writen, fliould be given and j:;r;'nted to King Emutnes, /tent. 
 That the Rhodian Ihould be enfeotfed in Ljcia, witboutthc forefaid Telmejfus the forts and terri- 
 tory, appertaining fometirac to Vtolomeui Telmiffius : vvhica parcels, I fay , were tefcrvcd as well 
 
 ^itova Eunteies. as the Rbodians. Item, to the Rbodiins was granted that part oiCaria, which 
 lieth beyond the river Meander-, neer to the ifle Rhodes, togectie r with the towns, villages, for- 
 trefleSjSijdiands bounding upon Pijidia.- except thole towns which were free the dsy before the 
 battel! with King 4f>tiachtifia Afa TbeRhcdians,vvhen they bad giver, thanks to the Senat for 
 their grauities, v^erc in htnd with them fortheCuy Soti i.i O^ictn .-'.bey allto'ged that they like- 
 Wife as well as themlelves, were defccnded fl oea hrgos : by occafion of which confraternity and 
 Deer alliance, they loved together as brethren by nature .• in regard whereof, they made pedtion 
 that over and befides other donations, they would do them this cxtraordinar\ favour, asto ex- 
 empt that City alio from the Servitude and fubjeSion of K.-/<«ti»c/?iw/.Then were the Embafladors 
 of King Antiocbus called for, and treated withall about this matterjbut to no effeft. k-or Antifa- 
 ter Itcod ftoutly upon this point, pleaded h:rd, that the accord was pall already, and might not be 
 revoked or altered; and thatagainrtths tenourofthe articles and covenants therein comprifed, 
 it was not the City S*/«,but3lfoC///c/'<i that the Rhodians demanded ; and never would they reft 
 tiUthey were gotten over the mouritainr«»«r«;. Then vere the Rhodians called b*ck again into 
 the Senaf,unto whom the Ll. of the Senat, at'terthey had madcrel.tion howearnelt the Kings 
 Emballador was with them upon the point, added thus much moreover and laid, That if the Rho- 
 dians deemed in very deed that the mitter concerned the honour of their City and State, the 
 Senat would work all poKible means to caul's the Kings Embalfadors to relent, how Ififf and obfti- 
 nate loeverrhey ftood. For this courtefie, the Rhoduns thanked them much more heartily then 
 for all theteU before,and faid withall, that they would yeeldand nive place to the arrogant Ipirit 
 •p of A«f»«<^^«/,rathertbcn (eemto give any cauleoroccafion of troubling the peace. And io as touch- 
 ing the City So/', there was no alteration nwde. 
 
 Whiles thele matters were thus debated and paffed.the Embiffadors of the Mafhlians brou^bt 
 intelligence, that L. Bxyiui the Pretor, being in bis journey towards his province of Spam, was 
 enttspped and enclol'ed by the Ligurians, and many of his tr^in killed outright in the place, that 
 bimlelf mortally wounded fled without his hflors and fergcants into AtifiUn, and within three 
 dtyeslctt this life. ThsS:natupon the advertilment ordeined P. Iftntm Brutus the Pro-pretor 
 in Httruria to go in perloa into the farther Spam, and govern the lame as his own province .• but 
 firftto leave //«r»r/4 and the army there to one of the Lieutenants whom be pleafcd to make 
 choife of. This decree of the Senat, together with letters from Spurius Pop.humius the Pretor of 
 
 p the City wasfent into //(r/rarid : and (o P. /«;;/«/ departed as Pro-pretor into Sp^m. In which 
 province L. z^mjlins Pa»!us (who afterwards wan a right glorious viiflory otKing Verfeus) ha- 
 ving the former year fought unfortunatly, now a little before t h j arrival of his fuccclfor, gave bat- 
 tclltotbeLufitanians with an army rallied and alfemblfdinhafl.in which the enemies were put 
 to the worfc and driven toflie. One thousand eight hundred of them well armed were left dead 
 inthe field, 3 jog taken prifonets, and their camp torccd and lanlacked. The btuit that went of 
 this victory let all matters in Spain in gceater quietnefs. 
 
 The lame year upon the third day before the Calends of Unnnrj, L. Falerim Fhecits,M. At- 
 tilius SerrauHs, and L. Valeriut Tappo, the three Triumvirs, by order from the Srnat, planted s ' ^9.Diuip.- 
 Latine Colony at Boiaeia ; and thtce thouland people were thither Cent to d wel.Evtry uentle^acn ^'^' 
 
 Q by calling that lerved on horleback bad 70 acres of ground fct out unto him, and thc'reif of the 
 coloners fifty apccce. The land divided thus anaong them had been conquered from the Boiiosiu 
 GtiMl : and tbofe Gauls firfl had dilpofledod the Tuicns of the fame. 
 
 This year there were many menof mark and name thatluedtobeCenfors : and this compe- 
 tition as if it bad not been of fufficicnt importance it fclf to move matter of debate, was the oc- 
 cafion of a contention and variance much greater. The competitors were thefc, T.QtiiMtius 
 ,H(iminiM/y P. Cemel. Scipio^ the (on of Cneus : L, Valeriut Flaccut^AU ?orctus Caio, M.Clauiimi 
 
 Adantllui^
 
 yS6 The [even and thirtieth Book of T. JLivius. 
 
 Mareeltis,taA M. Aeilim Glahh, even be who bad vanquiflied Antiochns and the jEtoliansat \\ 
 ThermofjU. To this man laft reberfcd the peoples favour and affeftion molt enclined.by realon 
 otminy congiatiesand largeffes which he had given amongft them in publick, by means wbcrcot 
 many a man was obliged and bound unto him. The refl:, being (o many and nobly defcended with- 
 all, took it to the he iff, and could not endure that luch a petfon as he newly rilcnardcome up, 
 and agentleroan of tbefitd head, ftiould be preferred before them j whereupon ?. Stnifrenius 
 Gracchus, and C. Sempronius RmiliHS, two Tribunes ot the commonalty, coir menfed aftiona- 
 gainlt himtoaniwerat 3 d»y, laying to hischargethat there remaineth a furplufage of the Kings 
 mony and other pillage gotten in tbecampof A>rr/otfe«^, ovcrand above all that nc either carri- 
 ed and fbe wed in triumph, or brought in accompt into the City chamber.Many and lundry depo- 
 fitions there were to prove this inditement, as well ot lieutenants as of colonels. But M. Cato a- j 
 bove all other witneffes was moft noted.* wbofegreat authority acquired inthe wholecoutfeof 
 bis life^whic h he had pafscd hithertoin all upright converfation and conftant gravity) was much 
 cmpaired and difcredited now,witb his white robethat he bare on bis back. He being produced 
 as a witnefs, depc.(cd aud gave evidence, that he bad feen certain plate «s well gold as hlvcr, a- 
 mong the reft of the pillage found in the Kingscamp, which he rever could (eteyconinall 
 the triumph abovefaid. Inthecnd,97<jMo,becjiufehe would bring lomcdifpleafure particularly, 
 and moft of all upon C<if <>, faid.be would give over his luittor the Cenfotfliip, fince that there 
 was another competitor as newly come up as himlclf,(whereat tbeNobles indeed took indignati- 
 oninwardly, although they (aid nothing) who puriued the Caufe(oagainfthim, even within- 
 credible and inellimable pcrjary.Well, a fine was let upon his head of a thouCand afTes.And t wife k 
 was the matter traverfed, whether the mulift Qiould be taken offer paid. But when the third day 
 was come.and the party in troublu^AoAwr) bad quite (utcrealed to (uc for the dignity, the people 
 would not give their voyc^s as touching the paimeru uf the fine aforetaid, and the Tribunes alfo 
 thcmfelves let fall their aftion, SoJ. Qj*i»tipis F/ammiKKJ^ind M.Clanditts Marcellm }Ncie 
 created Cenlors. 
 
 About the fame time the Senat fate within the City in the temple of Af o//o,fn regard of L. t^- 
 mjlius Regillui, whohad vanquilhtd the A<im!ralotKingA»^/'flc^«jin battellatfea; where be 
 bad audience sivcn, and when he had declared what exploits he bad done, namely, againft how 
 puiflant Armados of theenemieshehad fought, and bow many (hipsoftbeirs he bad either funk 
 or taken ; TheLL.oftbeCouncell with one generall confent and cccord, granted unto him ana- L 
 vail trinmph. And he triumphed upon the Calends of Ff^rwdr/. I n which triumph there were , 
 born in fhew fifty crowns lave one, of beaten gold ; but nothing that ftore of coin as fuch a roy- 
 all triumph required;Only ther<; were carried in pomp 3 4700 Attick tetradrachms, (i ;; 2 joo cifto- 
 phors. After this (by decree of the Senat^there were proceffions celebrated in confideration that 
 L. ty£r»yliM Pan/itthid brought hissffiirs in SpMtito an happy ilTue. 
 
 Not long after L. Scipio came alfo into the City, who becaule he would not be inferiour to his 
 brother in the honourable addition of his name, caufed himlelf to be furnsmed j^jtaticus. He 
 difcourled before the Senat.and in the publick audience of the people, as touching his worthy adls. 
 Diversthere were who conftrued the thing thus and faid, That the war Was greater in namether> 
 difficult onto him in the mannaging ; for with fighting one only memorable battel the matter was yi 
 atchieved and ended, but the glory indeed ofthatviftory was begun unto him and prepared foe 
 bis band at ThermopjU. But If a man Ihould j'udghereof aright, and according to truth, the 
 battel! of ThermopjU may rather be accomptcd an exploit againft the lEtolians then King Ami- 
 echus. For what j^rcit forces I pray you had Antiochus there in the field of his own ? But in the 
 lift battell fmitten in Jfiay the whole power and puiffance that be bad in all A^a^ ftood there to 
 be feen, yea, and all the aids and fuccoors which hccouldlevy out ofthe nations as fr as to the 
 utmoft parts of the Ej(1. Great caufe therefore they bad both to render much praifeatid tbankf- 
 giving to the immort all gods, in as ample miner as poffibly they could devife(for vouchfafing un- 
 to them lb brave a viifloryasit was, and the fame with (ucbeal'e and expedition) and alfo to grant kj 
 a triumph to the General. He triumphed upon the lall of Februwj^ even in the very day that 
 maketh the leap year. This triumph of his was much greater then that other other of his brothers 
 in regard of the magnificent pomp and ("hew reprefented to the eye : but if one call to mind the 
 fabltance of the things themfelves, and compare the dangers, the conBiAs and difficulties of the 
 one war with the other ; there is no more equality between them, then if a man ftiould in com- 
 parifon uf captain with captain, fet Antitchnt to match with Annibal. He Ihewcd in trumpb 
 two hundred thirty four field enligns andftandards • be carried before him the portraits of two 
 hundred thirty four towns and Cities ; a hundred thirty four teeth of ivory : two hundred thirty 
 four crowns of add.- agy^joo pounds weight of filver. 934000 Artick tetradrachms .• 33 jo/o ci- 
 ftoptiorcs.- i^ooooPhilip-peecesofgold; of filver plate, and that was all graven and chafed, « q 
 thoufand tout hnndred twenty four pound weight : of golden plate as much as weighed 1204 
 pound. Moreover there were led before his chariot 3Z great commanders i either governors of 
 provinces under the King, or attendant in his court. Every fouldier ferving on foot, bad given un- 
 to him ' 25 deniers:evecy centurion had double fo much; and the gentlemen or knights triple.Af- 
 tet the triumph done.the louldiers bad their pay double in mony,yea, and the portion of corn like- 
 wife was doubled. He bad moreover given them already a double proprtion in Afi4, prefentljr 
 upon the end of the bittell. A year it was alrooft after bis Confullbip expired ere he triumpbeJ: 
 
 And
 
 7IxeigkandtbmiethBool^o]TAJ}A^, ^ 
 
 A And much about one and the (anic Udjc, both<:*.>/*«iW7nd the Conkil eotrcd into M^A 
 
 Ci.f/i^/*iiLd^#<» the Pretor repaired totheHcct. Moreover the Conful hsd work enough nd 
 wanted not matter of war Within France. The leas were quiet after that hntiochm •*« defeated 
 and iubdued:f4^««/ therefore audied which way to t«i^t•, and how to employ himfelfand his 
 for<;csat lea, becaufe he would not bethought and rcpu!td idle inbisptovircc : fohecclolved at 
 length to put over wiihbisflcct into Cm*. Now they oi"C;^o« warred at thitt.:re againft the 
 Gortynians and the Gnofians.- and the voice went that there was a great number oHlomans and 
 ItaliMS, captives, living in fluvcry and bandage in evciy qiiarta K,i thst Hand. He loofed therfore 
 from Efhtfm and fet ml for Candi, and (o loon as he was aruved and let aland, he fent his 
 meflcngcrs about io,t he Cities w lUing them to abandon their araiar and I'utcreaie from war and to 
 jj fedrch and leek up throughout all the Cities and territories thole captives and orilontrs aforefaid, 
 tobriogthemtohini :;ndmoreovec,to fend their Emballadors or agents.wuh whom he would 
 treat concerning the affairs that in common touched as well the Candiots as the Romans The 
 Ilanders made Imall legard ofthcfe meUages : and unleile it were the Gortynians, there was not 
 one th.t delivered the captives. VJerms dyiti^s hath recorded, That out of the whole Hand there 
 were rendred to the number of four thouiand ; bcciufe the inbabitaf:ts were frighted with threati 
 of war. And that this was fh"cau!e why F4/;<»/,dh hough he pet formed no other exploit, ob- 
 teined^f theSenatanavalliriumph. FroinCrrt^ F^l>ius laar.cdio Ephef/tf ; fromwhcncehe 
 Ictiorth three Ihipsro the coalt of Tkraca, a:;d xominanded that the garrifcns of hmttclms 
 fliould quitifc.»«/ and AUronA, to the end, fhat thoie Cities like wile might be let free and cn- 
 frai chUed. 
 
 c ■ 
 
 The eight and thirtieth i3ook 
 
 Ojthe Hijlories ofT, Livius ofVsidm^jromthe foundation of the 
 
 Lttyof Rome. 
 
 The Breviary of L. Floras apon the cightand cliirtieth Ecok. 
 
 D \/l A''*^'^* Fulvius the Cinful beJtegeA the Amhracians in E\<nm,andrcceivfi them ut)OHcomp)pti' 
 iVlcw ta mercy ^ He(pibdHed Ccphalcnia, vanqm^ed. & brought unAer his fuhjeiltOH the zy£to- 
 lians. and m*ae peace with them. The Conjitl^t). ManliusA/i coUeagMe, overcame the Gallecrreekt 
 thi o.ijtobogians^ the fetlefaget, andthe Trocmians. who were paffedover imo Afia under the co»- 
 duclefoxnnus: the only jieofle that rv$thin the moHMtaiH'YiMruS)'e!d:a.n«: obedience to the Ro- 
 
 mans. 
 
 places w 
 
 The firfi beginrstHgani rifingisfet d»w»: atfo the time when at thef fei^ed firft «f thofe 
 htch they bold. Here is recounted alfo the example of the rare valour and cbajiiti of 
 
 E Ami! J was contrailed with Atiarathes Kmg ofCappadocia. Cn.Manljus trtumphedsvcnhe Gallo. 
 gtetkj-, mtwithjlandtng the contradi^iott of thofe ten Commijft ,>ierSy by rvhnfi advice and ajfifiance he 
 had articledavdengrajfeit' e accordefalUanccs vnth Antiochus, and pleaded his own caufe himfelf 
 intheSenat again/} them. Sapio MT\Cina'>was mdiUed a; fof^.- fty, by Qnintus Petilius A(5Jeui^ 
 JriLune of the Commons : as other sj>y Nxvius,ftfr that he had defrauded the City Chamber of fame 
 fart cfthe Pill.ige which he get from Antiochus. fyhen the day rvas come that he (hould make his 
 aafrver, be was called up to the publicl^pulpit and place ofaitdunce,/:nd with a Imd voice faid unto the 
 people: My makers you th>icare Citii.ensof[{.omi,ihis very day h.iv; /wjm Carthage: and with that 
 he afcended up into the CapitoH, and the people accempanied him thither : and from t hence becaufe he 
 Tffould avoid thefe hard and miurius courfes of the Tribunes, a id he no more tormented with them he 
 
 ** retiredhimjelfto Liternum,<»/ « were tato voluntary extletand (vhether he ended his daies there or at 
 Rome>/t */ not well known.Jcr hts tomb and monument wa< to befeen i^beth places. L.ScipioAfiaticus 
 (the brother o/"Africanus j wai accufed of she fame crime ofembez.eling the pttblicj^treafure and rob" 
 ting the ccmmo»weal,and thereof condemned • but as he wai led toprifoUy and (hould have been laid 
 Mp tu bonds and «roBi,Tib.Seir.pronius Q,x\tc\i\i%Tribut)e >fthe Commons(wha before-time had been 
 4H adverfarj andenemy unto the Scipiois) interptfed himfelfandrejened him t and for that pleafure 
 done., he teok^to wife the daughter of \W\Clf\\ii. tVhen the Pretor fent the treafurers of the City, fe 
 far off they were from finding any remnant orlokenofthe Kmg riches and money., that they could not 
 meet with as much as would fat is^e the fine wherein he wai comdemned. Andwhen hit ^insfalkand 
 friends had contributed and raff dan infinite maffeefmony for him., he would not receive the fame: 
 
 G andat much only was redeemed and bought again, at might firve ^or his neoejfities to find and main' 
 tain htm. 
 
 During
 
 ySH The eight and thirtieth Book of T. Livius. 
 
 The eight and thirtieth Bool\of i. Livius. 
 
 H 
 
 During the time of the wsrs in ^/?<j,the sffiirs slfo 'm^y£toiia weie in fmal refl «nd quiet- 
 ne(s -• which troubles arofe firft from the Athimanians, who after that Jminander was 
 dilpoffefled of bis Kingdom, were held in obedience by garrifons under th captains of 
 '_/. Kmg Philip 5 : nd they bare themfelves fo proud,inloient, and outragious in their govern- 
 ment', that the Atham niansfound a great miffe of ^>»«»W«r, and were defirons of him again. 
 Now remained he at that time as a banifhed perfon in Mtelia ; and upon letters received from his 
 own nation (conteining the It ate wherein Athamar.,ah\\tTi [tood) he conceived fome hope to re- 
 cover bis crown again, whereupon he lent then.eficngers hicV.io Argithea (thechietCity of j 
 -lithnKaKta) onto the principjll men of the countrey, with rhis credence. That ifhe might be al- 
 fnredcf the affeftion and love chhe people, he would procure the aid ot the Atolians and come 
 imoAthamanta, accompanied with the eleftperfonagfs (and thole are the councel of that nati- 
 on^ and Nicandtr the Pretor. When he underftood k>A perceived that they were preft and ready 
 to do him U fervice, he advertiied them oftentimes upon whst day he would enter with his ar- 
 my into hthamama, At the firii there were but tour perlons that confpired againft the Macedoni- 
 an garrilon and thefe took evtry one fix more unto them for to be afdllant in the execution of their 
 complot. But afterwards trultirg but little in this Imall number of their adherents and complices 
 ('who indeed were fitter to keep ccunfell and conceal a matter lecretly,then to perform any adion 
 valiantly) they adjoyned unto them the like numb«;r unto the other .• fo as now they were two jr 
 and fifty 10 all J and they divided themielves into fonrcoiiipanies. One crew of them went to 
 HeracUa y 2rMbettoTeiraph}lia, where the Kings treafure was dually kept ; a third took 
 their way to Thtudoria ; and the fourth to jirgtthea. But they all agreed upon this coarfe,to hold 
 themielvef quiet and peaceable at their firft coming.snd toconverfc in the market place of thele 
 Cities, as if they were come about feme particular negotiation ot their own .• and upon a certain 
 day appointed to (et toit at once, and to railc the whole multitude for to expell the Micedonian 
 garrifons out of their fortrefles. Now when the day was come, and AntiKander ready upon tbe 
 frontiers with his forces of a thoufand i£to!ians, the garrifons of the Macedonians were at one 
 inilant chaled out of thofe four Cities aforefaid, like as it was complotted before hand : and letters 
 were dilpatched from all parts into other Citiesadvifing them to deliver and free them'elves from 1 
 the tyranny of P/W/p, and reftore Aminnndtr into his lawfull kingdome and throne cf his father. 
 Thus the Macedonians were expelled in every quarter i only the town Theinm made refiftance 
 and held out fome fewd'ies againft thcfiege,by cccsPonthatZMi?(captain of the garrifon there) 
 had intercepted tbe letters, tnd they that fided with PhiUf were poflefledof the cAWe. But in the 
 tndfurrcndredit waslikewifconto ^»w/«4B^fr, itt<in\\ Athamania reduced unto his obedience 
 excepting only the fort of hthennm, fituit upon the marches of M»cedi>nj. 
 
 Fhihf advertifed cf the revolt of vi//?'<«w4/»/.<5accompanied with a power of fix thoufand fight- 
 iiigmen. ^ut bimfelf inhis journy, and with exceed;ng expedition, marched as far as Ge/w^^,. 
 Where he left the gi eater part of his forces, (for they had not been able to endure fo long a jour- 
 ney) and wiih two thoufand came to A;/&f«rf«»», theonly place held by his garrilon tohisufe. 
 And from thence, alter he had founded the next neighbours, and loon found that there was no- 
 shing but hoftility atropgthem, he retired to ^'ciw/»/&*, and joined withall his forces togcrher re- 
 turned into Atbamama. Then hc fcnt Zf«o before with a thoufand footmen, and gave bim in 
 charge to feize upon ty£flopia, a place that diteSly for his purpofe con.mindeth hrgtthea : and 
 fceiny thit his men were poflcfTed thereof, himfelf fat him down, and pitched bis tents about a 
 certain temple dedicated to the name ot fufiter. There he w.iS forced ijyreafoo ofthcfouland 
 Qormy weather to ftay one whole day, and the rooriow after he wentfcrward withhisarmyto 
 ^rgtihea. As they marched, behold theydifcovered the Athamanians, running from divers parts 
 to the hill tops, which Hood over the way along. They had no loonerefpied them, buttbefor- 
 moft enfigns made ftay, and all that regiment of the vanguard was furprited with fear and fright. '^ 
 Every manbeganfor bis part to caft many c'oubts, and think with himfelf what (bould become 
 offhcm, incale their companies were entred onceintothe vjllies, fochecked bythofe rocks a- 
 bovcfaid.This tumult and trouble caukd the King perforce to call back thofe in tbe vanguard, and 
 to retire tbe lame way that he cane, notwithffandinghe was very defitous Cifthey would have 
 leconded him) to have made quick I'pecd, and gotten through thofe tircights. The Athamanians 
 at firft followed after them aloot quietly enough.* but when they bad once joined with the j£to- 
 lians, leaving them behind to come upon the tail of the enemy, they fpread themfelves all about 
 and fljnked them ontfacfides : fome of them aUo got afore their bead by tbe next waies which 
 thty were acquainted with, and bcfet thepallagcs ;infomuch,a$tbe Macedonians were fo great- 
 ly troubled, that forced tbey were (more like men thatfled in dilatray, then marched in good or- ^ 
 der)to leave much of their armor, and many of their men behind, to paffc over the river ; and 
 there the chafe ended. From therjce the Macedonians returned fatcly to Goiufhi^ and fo forth into 
 Macidenj. 
 
 The Atbjmanisnsand the .A^tolians afTembled fromall parts to Eihopia forto farprife and 
 defeat Ze>n> and that regiment of a thoufand Macedonians which was with bim. But tbe Macedo- 
 nians rcpofing no great truft in that place, retired from Ethpia, to an hill much higher aud 
 
 tteeper 
 
 M
 
 T hi eizjjt ani thirt ieth Boo\ ofT. Livius. 78^ 
 
 A deeper on all Ides, ind therefore Icffe icceptsble. The Athimani»ns having found oacdiverfe 
 p»ihges unto it, enforced them to forgo that boldalfo. And when they were d.fpcrlcd among the 
 bhnd rocks, and unto them unknown, and could not readily find the wayour,iome oFthem ivere 
 taken pri "oners ,& other Qiin. Many for ff jr tumbled down headlong fron) tbepifchottbe cliflfs, 
 and b. ike their necks, and very few efcjpcd with Zcmo to the King. The nextday after chey ob- 
 Caincd truce, unt ill; ney had commited their d-i.d to earth. 
 
 Amimnder hivmg rhu: repoiTefled hisrealm, (ent EirbifTadors to ^owif unto the 'Jenat jlike- 
 wifn: unto ihc 5f'p/«?nnA/^ ;^-vho after the i^reat bjiftll with Snuochns. lojjurned m Efhefus) 
 He craved peace md pardon, h ■ txculed hiniieif in that he had recovered his fathers Km^jdi^tiK: 
 by the mens and help oftbeA/r hans, and ivichallia id great fiuh an\i b!sine upon Kirg p/;//;». 
 B A^ fottbsiE o| ais, ihey depict ed our of Af»<iiw^««j, and u.ade snexpedmon again'l theAi!- 
 phil')chi«'i>, and by content of fbegriatirpart (reduced the whole n'i.n under the;ir puiflaoce 
 andlubjedion.Hsv'ngthn- 'ej;iinedy^w^fe</.7fAr<j(for in times palt it appertained to che\i lie^no- 
 f)) upoij tile ame hope they paHed ove. in A^irr-i/j/;^ which ycelded alio for a [41 cat p.K.t (hereof, 
 and came under thetr obedience. As for the Dulopiajs, they ncv«r belonged to he iE o'ians, 
 but \x.<xo?hUif. A"d at the hnl ^bcy afTf-mbled rosehcrin arms, but underftanding oncc tnu t "ie 
 AmpbilocbM >stook p»rt with the jttoiians. that Philip wa? fled out of ,if/bjiw4w<i, andthat h:s 
 gaaiion -«/aspu' tothr ivV')rd, they tevclied likevvile from /'■////>, and'uriied to the Attohins. 
 Who iinkinz no .V fuU ace ^uo' that they were lore enough on a!) lides from the Macedon;ans, by 
 realonof fnnany ratio s ivhithenviroritd them about, they took knowledge ('fiyi he common 
 ^C bruit J ol the tjcaof Annchmh^'h Roinans in AJia, and not long after their own Embaila- 
 dors returned to Rome witnout hojeof,j?acc relating withalltbat FniV'HsKbx Conful had pifled 
 the feas already w 1 .larnii/. Uj jo ricfe new-.they were n:uch troubled and .ifiaid.- and in tbis 
 perplexity, tticyiiiHuced .nd pocured firft the Rbodun and then the Athenian Em ladsges, to the 
 end, that ijy the credit a iJ countena-ce of 'he(e twoStatos,theJr praiers lately re jetfted, might have 
 moiecafie accefli. to 'he Scuat ; and with them they lent to /Jcwf once agai j theprKcipalipcr- 
 (ona^esoftbur nation.to try their lalt hope ofob.aming peace; t dnev/:rforciil to prevent war, 
 bcfjc tiie e^emy was come welnecr vith t heir figbr. No J^hxi M. FhIvihs tranfported bis 
 forces to 4foilont4, and deviled with the princti and (latcs of the Epirbts, where to begin war. 
 Tr.e Epiroti advifcd him lotlTail Ambraca-, which as then was united to the Aetolian^. And 
 D why ' if cither I ^(e jEtaliansi'hould come to the defence of the place, tb.y had a goodly large and 
 open plain all ab^ut u) bid th:m battel) or if they refufed fbe field,a^d ;Vould not fighf,they Ihould 
 find no^reaf di*i;uhy to aflault and force the town. For not only 'here was at ha. id (lore enough 
 of limber and otaer matter to raile mounts, mantelets, and other tsbiicks 5 but Arfthon a rivec 
 navigable, very commodious to traniport all neccisaiies unto thcm,runneth underthe wals of the 
 City ; aiiibefidc'., tbe tumm^r wasi fit (ea(on for war-lervice. Wi>h thelereafonsthry perfwa- 
 dithe Conlal tocoiidud his army ttirough Eprtf/. But when the Coiiful was coaiebelorc 
 Amhtc a le fou id it was lio eaiie pcece of work tobeliege and ahauit the town. This Am- 
 bracm is fi:aat underthe lluny nd cragijy hill, which the inbibitants c^W Perantb^. TiteCityit 
 (cIr'lookethuncotheWelljWhat way as the Wall reacheth toward the fields and the river .-the fort 
 g tiidcaltle thereof 'lanieth upon the tiili,and regirdeththeHafi. ! he river Arsthon running out 
 ot AcarnAHta difcdirgcth u felf into«n arme of the lea, which beareth t he name of .h City reer 
 adjoyning, and is called- ^/w^crtC/d. This town, beliJes that it is well-usrded with the river of 
 one fide. anidcfenJei wi hh;li on the othor, i>foitified alio witha itrong wall, incircuit fom- 
 wr^jr more ih:n>hrec miles abou'. F(»/'P/«j encamped arongly on the fields !ide, intw'oh.!dsof"a 
 prcty dJi^a^ce a'unier, a«id rated one ;conce upon an high j^iound, oppofitagalnll chef jrtrel's of 
 the town All tbeleplaccs he determined coenclole within 'hecumiisfsof a t:ench andrampier, 
 totheend,that'he) who verf iliutup within che to'Vn,mi'.iht nive to egrcfs,and thatfroiii with- 
 out ihere fbo'jld be no ingrefs, for soy id and fncc 'ur uLaticevcr.j 1 be jEtolisiJs were afsembled 
 already at Sfr4t«j by aiedftf-o 1 the Pi ctoi A'''«<«'7<i?ri. continently upon the umour that ran 
 Fthc ficgc ot' Ambracia^ io-cndii g fully at firll to march from thence 'Vitha'l theirforces. But 
 afterwards, when tbey pieceived ttiat a gre;tt;rpvv of the City was Itrcgivly beleaguered al- 
 ready, and bloc'^-.ed ^.-ith trcncu and ra^npier ; and vv'thal!,'hat the Epirr>ts werecncampelupan 
 aplainon the other fide of the rjver, they were of ad ("letodivde their forces in two parts. £«- 
 foUmui ictom.iinied wttb a iCgiinei't ofa thoufan.! m:n lightly appointed, paff.d through the 
 f "rtificitioaioi ths enem ei, '.^ctore the) we. e joined and uai ed to3ether,aDd entred Amh^icu, 
 Niraider^AlitiMae re't of the to-ce.> juftjofed acth'^firitby night to aniihhecimpof tljo Epiiots, 
 confijeno:^ -hit thellomanscbuid nor eslily *ucc u ttiem.'jyrtalon of the river running bet ween. 
 But afferw rd . ip jn better a jJif* (a )w >ii-ig dus tu oe a dan^erou. cn-erp;i!e('fjr fear left the Ro- 
 ^ nians b -n' 1 i.over :h:;ic u?ircb,ai>d lo Mteicepi th^in cntt ch.y irngbt nut r -tire again inlsfety_^ 
 Ueaiic edbismi jJ, lid t'K:icl to*h:"rp)i!i^g and waiting of Acarnania. N^w when toe Conlul 
 had nide anc id of iiihis ta^ickh d, viied fortoinvelt « u enclofe the City, and rinilbmg bis 
 engios vh-re ;vi'h ue meant -.o lli aKcthe will, he aporoache ueer and gave affaulr in fiv- pliccs 
 at .>ice. Th'^e. bafteneh planteJ inequiil diitancea^j-ider, and where toe caficir p^ilage 
 and accefs wasfiom the jlain, fu'I -ipor^ thatplarc of the Citv wbicn they call P^rrhtumi 
 one jver agauilV k- temple of z/£fcitUfidH* <■. and another oppoiit to > ie Ca'lle. vVuh 
 rams he lliook the wals, with Ijng poles and hooks he fetchttofl aaJ pluCKcd down ta; 
 
 baitlC'
 
 89a £be eight and thmietb Baok o/T. Livius. 
 
 batttemens of the wils. The oppidins atthefirft were atratd tofcethdc linnjje engiim, and H 
 quskcd to bear fo terrible noile ottheir wsls battered .-but fterwards, feeii'g tbst she wals ftood 
 upright beyond their expeftation, tbey plucked up their hcirts again, and with (wipes weighed 
 either great counferpoiies and weights ot lead, or huge iiones, then vM'tha 'w.i gihey let tbem 
 fall ag in upon the ransofthe enemies, ot clietumbka atighty b^g legs of timbc; alotr, and lo 
 eithtr brake them apceccs,or bare ihem down. And as for their hook^ atorci'aid,they caught hold 
 of them witbironflouks like anchors, and (o drew them over the wals t<|,heotbtrfiae with t 
 witneis and brake both thero fc their poles. Morervtr,;hey ullied out m the otght upon the waich 
 thatatsttcrdtd their ePgir.s^ifiucdforthetrbemk Ives in the day tin «,a'ssi!icl tbe corps ac^uar^, 
 and put Jbem great fear. As-things ftood in tbeie terrosbefotc y1mhrr,cta, the JFjclsviby this 
 time were returned to Stratus frcm thtir todes which they made into Marna> la And then N$' I 
 f?KdV>thePretor conceiving lome hope tolevy tbcficge by fomc audscous and hardy adventure 
 devifcd that one NtcodMnus fhould put himfelF within the town of .^«>^/ac/<» wih five hundred 
 TEtolians; and appointed one certain nigbf, and an boor alio of the lame night, ^vhm both they 
 from out of the town fhould afsailthefaoricks and cngins of the enemy planted a -aitilt ^^rrhnMm 
 and altohimiclf charge upon the camp of the Romans at the fame time, ano pur t tit ui in fight.' 
 JuppoliniT by thistwoft Id alir.u /"tfpfciaily ii'.toc night which oiakdh every ibii.g morcftartull^ 
 there might be (ome notable ad and mcmorsble exploit done. And Nicedamus venly fo; his part 
 in the dtad timt^of the night, having pif'.ed uufccn aijd not dcfciied ly lume o the fcniijcis- and 
 by retblut force broken rh>ougb the I eft cftbc watches, palsedovctan aim of the river and reco- 
 vered the City, jnd in lomc mealure by this means heartned ' he bcf?? <jed w^baoicints to aivtnure K 
 anythinp,and put them in better bopetoaccompl (h al And when the iiijcht appointed w»scoaie, 
 a!l on a uddain be let upon the engif,j, ati: was btfjie accorded bctwoco rhE:D. The adven'nre 
 of this «Mcrptiie w-s much morcchen the tft';(ft, becaule 'here were no lorccs witnout to/oyti 
 with bim; A'ere it that the Pretor of tht:^"^to!ians was afraid to be to bold, or that he thiuigbt it was 
 abetter j erce of Icrviccto aid the Amphil^chi ns newly lexwrred, whom P?r/r«i King ftf«//p 
 his Ion, lent from bis father to reconqjer DoUpiaand Amphilochut, afli.lcd uitbgrca; force and 
 violercc. i he Ilomatis had plmtcdthriroidiiince and artillery, asisabovrlaid I'ltbr.c places 
 againrt ?jrrh<tam, which the vEoIians charged all ar one time, butnor with like prcptraionof 
 means, nor wi h the fame violence. For fo.ne came with burning and fl*mi. ghrebrand.*, ' thers 
 Carried tow and hn-Js with pitch, and faggots of dry (ticks, ai.d other like matter eafie to be L 
 kindled, in (ucnlbrt as lUtheu companies (lione again with a light fire.Many of th warders they 
 killed at the lirtlan(et,but Afhen tne ait.m aid tuinult .^as heard within the camp, aad tbcfign I 
 givcnby the Conful, they sook a m<^^ and ran apace out of all the gates fortorelcuc and de.'cnd 
 them. ln'-'neqMsrttrtheiEtoii»nsdidihcir deed, and fought wkli fire and fword.* butintbso- 
 ther t wo p'sces arter they dad given th.' at;empt, rather chtn began any skirmifh, tbey retired and 
 went ibe'i- waies. The best of the fighi inclined w'jolly to one quarter, where the two cap ain« 
 F*;)-7i?7j/^Jind A^ifo.:i4««/, encouraged their nun asth^y fot^gbt from two diveis parts, and en- 
 Krteined them with an aflur-d hope, iha' iV/c^-^i^r according tosgreement would lethcreand 
 charge upon the back of the enemies. This for a good while tnainttined the courages ofifie 
 louldiers .• but percejvifin there was no fjgn appea;ed ofthcir countrymen, and that they kept not M 
 touch with them, and teeing wiibalj how the numcerofiheenemics cncrea'ed, and tbemtelvcs • 
 di'appointed ancideltitute, ihey flaked their fight, and were not lo eager uponthe enemy, andin ' 
 the end gave over : and b vingiruch adu to retire in (afcty, were chaicd ir>tothe City, after tbey 
 had burnt lomcof the Roman engins, and flain a few more of their enemies then there died of 
 ihtmfctves. Aniiuicly it the let vice had been followed in t.xtcution according asitwascom- 
 ploitedacd agreed, ihoiedcviied eng'ns no doubt might have been deftroyed, if not wholly, yet 
 in one pari at iejltwi'c, sndthat wiffa great murder and (laughter ot the enemies. The Ambraci- 
 «ns, together with thofe ^Etolians which wert within the City, not only gave ever that 
 nights enterprire, but ever after fliewtd more coldne/s to b zardtbcmfelves again, as it they bid ^j 
 been betrayed by thtir own fellows. Not a man would fally forth upon the ward and watch of 
 thecnemits, but they all from thtir walls and turrets (food upon their guard only, andwiththc 
 vantjgeoftbe place dtft-nded tbtmleives in lafety. 
 
 Perjtks aWvertiied that the Atohans approached -/^w^f/7«c/7;<i, quit thefiege of the City 
 which be \v a!, about to a!Taii!t; and after be had only harrica and waited the territory about it,re- 
 tirtd fiomtho'equsrtcis sr.d returned into yl/^r «■</£»;. The Atolianslikewjle were enforced to 
 depart fiotn thence, byrealon that their Ilea- coalls weie fpoiled and overrun .• fori'/.:«ri/«/the 
 King of the Ulyriins, was cntred into this river of Cori^rA with a fleet of tfj barks, and with the 
 lit et of the ^chxan fhips thai lay in the wdsviPatra ir.vclled the maiitim iradof iEro//4.Again(t 
 whom vvcrefent atb;:ufand ^tolians, wno waited upon the fleet at every turnas. they doubled q 
 any reaches, and wi-b the vaitage of the fhort waies and next paflages by the land, were ready 
 to weico.i e them on t'^e banks and make head againlt them. 
 
 The Romans l)ing (till mlicg'' before y^w^r^CM, by b ttering and (haking the wals in roiny 
 places, had difmai^tled a grcatpart of the City, and laid it open.- howfaeit.tbcy could not entet 
 with it. For at every breach where the wall was broken down, tbey were ready to make > new 
 countermure, and tne louldiers (landing upon the very luins, (erved in (lead of a bulwark. The 
 Corlul Icemg he could not prevail by opeafoice, determined to undermine and mikeafecret 
 
 way
 
 The eight and thirtieth BooJ^ ofT,Liv'ms» ^qi 
 
 A way in the ground into the City; but firft he covered the place where they wrought with mant- 
 lets. For a good while the pioners were rot perceived by the enemies, noiwichftandingthey 
 wrought both night and day, not only dio^ing oinder the eartl^, but alfo calling op the mould as 
 they went.But an huge heap of earth bearing up alolt frcm the rc(t, was dil(.o^ercd,and gave ibem 
 within the town to underltand what the enemies were about: and tearing Ici^ they had wrou"hc 
 fo far already as under their wals, and that they were at the point to make a way into the town, 
 they within began likewife to (I rike another trcnih juH egaird the pla.c covered with m.mtlets 
 aloreraid:and when they had digged to th?.t depth as the bottom mii^hibe otthe enemies mine, 
 they made no words within but in great hknce laid their ear too in di\ers places dole to the 
 c>.rth, harkningit haply they might bear any none of the pioners : and when they on- e had ooc 
 
 U an ear ot them, iliey lountcrmincd dire itiy agjinH them. And long they were not about it : for 
 ar.onthey came a;:faras to the void hollow ground, whereas the foundation of the wall (iood 
 upon Uaiesand props. which the enemies had lettobearitup. Now when their work'? were met 
 together, and that there was a continued paflage out of this trench into the Mine, thepionerg 
 fill! t'eii to it and laitfled with their fpades nTOvels,andmattock.<;, andfuih other tools that they 
 hadiifed to work withall: but loon alter, armed fonldiers Ciitrcd and encoUntred within the 
 \aoit, and clolcly skirmillied under ground. But within a while that manner otdenlingcrew 
 mere cold and ili.k by real'onthi.t they H opped up the Mine between when they liff, one while 
 with lacks and haircloath, othcrwhiles with doors and Inch trafli asthey cot'kUomeby in hafte 
 "Eiliood next hand. One new invention above therein was deviled againit thok within the Mine, 
 
 C and thef-ime but a Ijightmaiter.and made without any great troubie.and this it was, Thetownf* 
 men took a great tun or dryfat with a hole beared in the bottom, of thatc3p?city,as miohtre-J 
 ceive a pretty pipe like a faucet within it; andwitha,! they made a pipe indeed of irontofitit, 
 and an iron lid hkewife to cover the other end or mouth thereof,but tive fame hsd many holes in 
 divers places ot it.Now this vefleU they (iutfed tu.l of down and foft feathers, ard then let it with 
 the head lorwardagainlt the very Mine. From the lid or cover aforeaid there Hood pre kin?, out 
 long fharp pikes, whi.h theMaccd nians cailSjrj/T'S for to keep oft the er-emies. Within the fea- 
 thers they put a cole or ipirklotfire, andfhen with apairofliniths bellows f' the note whereof 
 went into the pipe aforcraid)they blowed the cole and let it on a Imoihcring fre withinthe 'ea* 
 thers.By whi.h means there aroie not only a mighty dealoffmoak, but alio it r?rried with ita 
 
 p fiinkinglavour,by the realbn of the feathers burning within; and fo filled all the Mine underneath, 
 that fear ediir(i any man abide within for fear ot being choaked. 
 
 During thefe affairs about ^rrtbr-.d-:-, Ph^neat znADcmot' les two Embafladors fent from the 
 ;Etohans by j genrraii decree of the whole nation, came with a full and plenary commiflionun- 
 tothcConlui. Fortheir Prsetor (feeing of the onefde ^w^r^jcvibcheged, and on ihe other fide 
 the lea coaR endamaged wuh the enemies (Tiips, and in a third quarter the Amphilochians and all 
 De/fsp; . p-teouUy walled by the Macedonianj; andthat the^ttolinns were not.ible tooppofc 
 them'.el.es ..nd make head at once againll three wars in divers parts) had aflembled a oenerall Di- 
 et tor toconuiit with the chief of cbe jttolians what was to be done inthiscaie.All their opini- 
 ons jumped in this onepoint,"-' To leek rcr peace (ii it were pcffible ) underequ.vil and indifferent 
 
 ■£ 'conditions: i!'not,yet in as toUerable terms as they might, In confidence and affuran.eCfay they) 
 *• of A«t<o«-/'i«,the warbegin: and nowthat A>:t:ochtu\s vanquifliedbothby land and lea, yea, 
 ''and hunted as it were out of the compafs of the world into an angle beyond T'^wrw.r, what 
 "hopersmaineth to maintain and waijethe war ary longer? and thcretore Phancasund Dcmote- 
 ''/^•j were to deal asinfu'h a cafe and timc,ris they thought bell according to their wifdome and 
 '• fidclity.and the common good of the iitolians/for what other counfellremaineth what courfe 
 ''elic canthcy take, or what choice bcfde hath fortune left them? With thic fo large and free 
 *' commiffion I lay, were thefe Embafladors fent : who bcfoughi the Conful to fpare their City,to 
 *' have mercy and pity oftheirnaiionfomctimelinkedinnmity unto them, and forced through 
 '" very calamity and mifery ^lor loath they were to fpeaU of any injuries and wrongs offered)to fall 
 
 j; "into f«ihfollies:neitherhavcthe j5itolinnsinthis late v^ix o\ Arj'iochtts defervcd tofuffer more 
 " harmrhan they were worthy to receive ?ood lor their fervice in the former war ngainftP/.vy/'p: 
 <■• and when they were notlargely rewarded and recompenced then, io they ought not to be pu- 
 ?*'nil"bed and thilVred extremely novr, TheConfulmade anfwer again, That the Atolians had 
 •< made 3 fuing for peace many a timejbut finccrcly and truly at no time: andfince they had I'olli- 
 '•'• cited and drawn Antiochut xovta let them hardly follow his example in craving peace. Like as 
 *' he therefore hath not quit and rcndrcd fome few Citic? whiih were in quellion about their li- 
 " berrv and rVcedom but parted with a rich and wealthy kingdom, evenall A//.?,bet\\een thi'-ond 
 "the mountain Taunts: founlefs the jf^tolians will fimply lay allarm-^ afide andcome totre^t foe 
 '' peace unarmed he would never give them audience. And to be fbort, if they will peace have, 
 
 Q"ibey mulf deliver up their armour and all their horfcs firftyea-andmakepaimentofathnufaud 
 " talents of filver and theonemoity thereofto pay downright upon the nail before hand. Over 
 '' and behdes this branch, I will annex unto the accord and covenant, That they fhall hold for 
 " their friends and enemies thole whom the people of /?(;»;':reputeth to be theirs & none other. 
 To th'S5nfwcrthc Embaffadors faid never a word, both for that they were very hard and grie- 
 vous impofitions, and alio beCaule they knew the natures andmiods of their conntrimen and 
 ncighboMs at homc>how umraftable they were and not to be removed if they once took apitch: 
 
 Y y y whereup*
 
 - ^2 ^^^ ^^fc^^ ^"^ thirtieth Boo\ a/T.Livius. 
 
 whereupon they reiarned nnio ihein,wkhout doing any thing at allio know the advice once a- H 
 oain f f the Prxior and the prin ipal States,what to relolve upon in every refpcft, whiles all flood 
 whole and uptight. But itiey were welcomed with outcries, and well Hient tor their libourjin 
 that ir.ey hid not dilpatched and made an end, and lo were fent away, and commanded lo bring 
 back with them one peace or other. Asthcy went again toward Amkaeta^ they were forelayed 
 and furprizcd in in amburti laid for them near the high way fideby the Acarnanian.(wich whom 
 at that time they warred Jand were had to Tjrrheumiod there imprifoned.And by this occafion 
 the peace was delayed. 
 
 Whiles theEmbdlVadotsof Af^rw and Rhodes ( who were come already to intreat for them) 
 remained with the Confal, Aw/wW^ralfo (the King of the Athamans) prefented himlelf unde* 
 'Amhrachhtox fate condudt in t e Roman camp,and took more care tor the City of * A,nbracia ( where he had J 
 Aria, ' fojournedthegreateltpartof hisoiJe^thaninthebehaltofthe^tolians. By ihem, iheCof.was 
 certified ot the hard hip ofthe ^Etolian Embafladorsjand then he gave commandment .thatthey 
 fhould be brought from Tyrrheum.Whtn they were come.they began to treat of peace. Amtvian- 
 Aer\a the mean while laboured what he could in that enterprife which he efpecially had under- 
 taken, namely, toindncethe Ambracians to fubmit unto the Romans: but when he law h«did 
 but fmall good,for ?11 his psrling with the principal perfons ot the City from their walls:at length 
 by the Cof. his permiffi n he entred into the town ; w here, partly by good counfel],and partly by 
 prayer and entreaty, heperfwadedthcm inthcend, toput thcmfelvesintothe Romans hands. 
 Now as tooLhi ng the iEtolians, they found much favour by the means of C. VaUrtus the fon of 
 that JL<ew/w«r,whofirft contrafted amity with that nation ; and wasbefides haif brother unto the ^ 
 Co .by the fame mother. And the Ambracians after capitulation made, that the iEiolians who 
 came to aid them might go forth without harm, fct open their gates. Then aiti Jed it was with 
 the Atolians : Imp^-mis^o pay 500 Euboik talents of (iivcr ; two hundred prcfeniiy. md the o* 
 ther '-;oo at fix paiments yearly by e^ en portions. Ar^w, To render all Roman captives and fugitive 
 traytors and runagates that ihey had ,into the hands of the Romans, /f^iw , To challenge jurifdi- 
 i>ion over no City, which fim e the time that T.Qitintins paffed over into Cuecet was either for- 
 ced by the Romans or emtcd •. ohintarily into amity and lociety with them : pro* ided alw. ies, 
 that the Ifle CephaUnia be not oinprifed within this capitulation. Thefe arti. les,albcit they were 
 fomewhat eal'er than tney looked tor, yet the iEtoliansrequefted. that they might acquaint their 
 
 ConnciUvithall: and permitted 'bey were fo todo.Some imallyariaHce and debate diHradted and L 
 he'd them awhi'e astouching thofe Cities,which having been in times part within their feiunory 
 and jnrifdi6>ion they hardiy could abide to be difmembrc*d(as it wcre)!*rom their body.But m the 
 end there was not one but agreed to accept ofthe peace. The Ambracians gave unto the Cof.for 
 aprefent a coronet of beaten gold, weighing 1 50 pound. Their ftatucsofbrai'sand marble their 
 paintedvables (wherewith aw^'Jc/4 was better Hored and adorned, than all the other Cities of 
 that reoion, becaufe it was the r^yall feat of King P;rr/j»j where he kept his court and refiance ) 
 svere all taken down and carried cway : nought elfcwas touched nor any hurt done befidcs. 
 
 The Conful diflodged then and removed from Jmbracia into the higher and more island 
 parts of t/£tolia, and encamped before the City called Argos j^mfhthchiumt two and twenty 
 miles diftant fr.m Amhraaa : and thither at length repaired the jEtolian Embaffadors unto him; ^ 
 whomarvelled much at them why they Itaidrolong.Whenheunderftoodby themthat theg'^ 
 cerill councijl of the £xo\ms had approved of peace, he willed them to^o diredtly to Romevw 
 to the Scnat:and permitted ^Ifo the Athenians and Rhodians (their mediators and 3dvocats)to 
 00 with them and as orator? to fpcak in their behalf;8c moreover he granted, that his half brother 
 ^.Vahrius fliou.d accompany them: which order when he had takeD,himfelf cro0ed over the ysi- 
 
 ItV toCeph-Ucnia, 
 
 When they were arrived at Rome^ they found both the ears and hearts of tb« chief Senators 
 wholly pofTffed beforehand wiih many complaints and iniputations that PhJip had cnformed 
 againfl them : for he by mean* of his f mbafl'ador ind letters ('complaining that the iEto!i»ns had 
 unjuftly taken from him the Oolapians, the Amphilochians, and Athamanitt; and that his garri- m 
 fons, yea,and laft of ail his fon Perfi^s^vicK driven ont oiAmfhihchia) had wholly avertedihc 
 Senat from giving any ear at all to their rcquefis and prayers:howbeit the Rhcdians & Athenians 
 had aud'CDie given them with patien.e and filence. "The Athenian Embaffadort«»^by report J 
 *' moved and perfwaded the Senat with his eloquent tongue: and by a familiar parable and fimili- 
 "tude. he compared the people of e/£ro/;<t to the nature ofthe fea: For like as it, being of it felf 
 *< calm is troubled and made rough by the winds : even fo (faith hej the people of that nation,aU 
 "the while they entertained ricndfhip with the Romans, and performed their faichfulipromife 
 " unto them fo long were in tneirright kind, and continued peaceable and quiet: but after that 
 " ThoM and D/f<f4'-<:/M« began to blow from out of ^y;4,as after that, MenetasinA Damotritut 
 *<blnfired and pnflFtd from the parts of £«yo»f, thenarofea Dorm and tcmpeft, with the guf^sQ 
 " whereof drivcmhey were to A»tiochuf, and caft(as a man would fay^uponaro k.VVell.ihc JE- 
 *' tolians after they had been much toflcd a longtime from poft to pillar.in fine effected, that thefe 
 ** anicles of peace enfoine,wcre freely agreed upon, /mprtmu . The nation of e^rtA* fha II main- 
 lain faithfully and truly the Empire and Seignoryofthe people of Rome.It<m,They(h3}j 'ijfferro 
 pafs through iheircountry and confincsno army that (hall be conduced againfl their allies and 
 friends ; nor alTtft them with any aid or maiotenaoce whatfoever./rr;?>,Tbey ihall repute the ene- 
 
 tsies.
 
 The eight and thirtieth BoqI^ of T.Livius. 705 
 
 A mics of theRomins tor their enemics,aDd wage war againil them /rf»?, They (liill deliver unto 
 the Romans and their contederats, all runigaces, all higitiies, and pruoners th.u are amoncr 
 them, excepting fuch as having been oncetakendnd returned home, chanced to becaught a- 
 ^in the letond time: or thole, who being Roman eneinics, were taken priloners by them, at 
 what time as the vEtoiians lerved in garrifon under the Romans. Asfbriherell, as many asare 
 forth-coming and may beronnd,{hallbedelivered-(withouctraiidorcovm;\vi[hin loo dales next 
 &luing,tothe MagilirateotCorcTr^a: ' but rhoie that appear rot within that time, fliall belike- 
 wile rendred whenioei er their fortune is to be met withjil. Vft »;,They fliall yield forty holta- 
 g^s-,' fuch as the RomanContiil inhisdilcrctionWiirapprote Jnd iikevvellof.- .proi -ded, that 
 qone of thci'e pledges be iind'er twelve years ofage.norabo^e forty. Neither fliall there beta- 
 
 Bken for h oil age any Pritor or Captain over hofiemert. nor ptiblike Notary or Secretary to the 
 §tate,nor yet any one that hath Iain in holtage betore-time, Froiided alfo, that CcfhJenia fliall 
 Be eicmpi from the articles ofthi^; accord. Itcr»\ hi touhing the 'iim of money which they 
 are to pay, and the manner and term? of the paiment, there ihr.U b? n thingchanged of that 
 whicbhath bcenton luded withtheConinl ; yet, if they had rather pay the lame fnm in gold 
 &ijf^inli.ver,thfey m. y lodo; provided then, th'.tthey kcep*rhe fate and proportion,of onefor 
 ftri to wit, that one golden peece of coin go for tefttimes'fo much in weight o: lilver, andno 
 ftrort; /r^-w, What Cities what lands anlf territoi'ies, what perfonsioever which having at any 
 .tirtie heretofore held tenor of the .'£t^ilians,were^y theConinls T^Omi.tius and Cn. Domin;:^ or 
 srny time l.ncc then ConfuilliifJ, eitherfubdiied ahdcorqnel'ed by force of .ums, orotherwife 
 
 C of themiei^e^ came tinder the obeifanceoftbe people of /?')?*'.■, thel't'toliansrhall make no claim 
 hOf'tha^lenge unto them. Finally, the iCniades v^ith their City and territory, fliall appertain 
 to'tfie'A'tarnanianj. Under thele conditions abovefaid, the accord was concluded with the iEto- 
 tfiitsVv • ■■- ■ •■' ^ 
 
 - |*<I'otorly inthe fame fummer, hut alfo much about rhofe very dates vvhereiiithefe affairs were 
 mafiaged by At yulvini in tyEtafU ,Cir'. A-Li>]lifi.r the other ConhU maintained war in ' Gtillc^rttcta-, "Othcrwife 
 wh'ereoTat this prefent I will begirt to' write. This Conlulin the beginning ofthefpring came to named Gu^m 
 ^fJief^it ; whereafter he had received the army o^ L.Scipio ^nd taken a review and fnrvey there- 
 iif he made an Oration to his fonldiers ; wherein, firrt he praifed their valour and v*eraiejin that 
 Iflrith one battell they had finilhed thewar s^md h^-ioclnis: then he exhorted them rtventet 
 
 D ftit<tt: new vyar with the Gauls who had fuccoured King ^^r/oc/tw/^vith aid ;and werebefideof 
 
 Catnte fo untamed, that unlefs their jsuifiance were abated and their courage taken down, 1 6 lit- 
 
 ?leror nopurpofe it was that Aarioch^tsvf^s removed beyond the mountain"; of 7",f«)-«/.Lafl of all, 
 
 Ibta'tdifcourfehemadeofhisownperfoii, which was nothing prolix and long, implying neithet 
 
 ^3it1.dntruths nor excfeffive reports.Ttie fouldicrsgave audience to the Confnl with great joy and 
 
 jf-^ttiralapplaufe, making this account, that finceKine ^«f;Wj;/j wasvanquiflied, theGauls 
 
 >Blwfif(Who were one part of his forces)would beof nopiiifl'anceto WithMand them. But the Con- 
 
 JuUn^pofccfthat it was much out of his way, that Enmcues fl-iould be ab'ent (for then he was at 
 
 T'fsferV) who knew the countries, was acquainted with the natureof thepeopie, and whom it im- 
 
 t»cJrtedand<^o.ncerSi?d very much, that the power of the Gauls fliould be enfeebled and abated. 
 
 ij"Kn9 therefore he lent for Ahdus his brother, from Pcrjfar/iiis, and exhorted him toenter into a- 
 
 Alison vvith hln^ and take arms. Atid when Attuhn hadmade promife t'o'aid him both in his per- 
 
 "fohind vvith allthe power that he could make,1iefent him into his cofintry to levy fouldiers.AE- 
 
 'TCTTdmefc w daies,vvhenthe Conful was departed trom 'Er)hef<■!<^ -^ff<t/«,<("accotTip.inied with a re^ 
 
 felnfe^t of-athoufand Toot and two hundred horfe) methimac.<i/;??»^/?a; and had given order 
 
 't^'b^t^htoi^Q^'Athci-hiSy to followafte; with the reft of the forces ; having committed the guard 
 
 and government of Te.-^amns and the kingdom to thofe, whom he knew to be fa(t and f.iithfull 
 
 3i6hisbrother-3nd'hrmfe!f. TheConful, after be Had praifed and commended the young gentle- 
 
 ifrin marched forward with his whole power as far as * M£.t'/dey,?iY)d there encamped,becanfe-it *^udru 
 
 vras not pofTible to pa''s the river at any foord, and therefore boats and barges were to be got to- 
 
 rf j^rVSer f^rroferry andtianfportthearmy.Whentheywerefet over the river,ihey went to Hiar'a 
 
 ' \t^'?e^\v\\cti there was a magnificent and flately Tcrriple of /tpollofix^ an Oracle in ir. And hy re- 
 
 ^t/tt the Pfiefts and Prophets thcre-;dciivcrthf refponds and anfwersof the Oracle in' verfes, and 
 
 ».th>ire.hot r\;de!y compofed without rtiithm &: meeterlFromhence they removed ?nd u two daies 
 
 •"'widafrived atthe river ILir^dp-J-^^^MlKtv^tK embiffadors comefromthe A!abandi3m,reque- 
 
 'iftitl^f h(**Cnl'.either by vertue of his atrthotity or by" force of arms ia compel one 6f their fortref- 
 
 ^^'*'^hi'h lately had'revblted frbmthen^nnd rebelled, to return a<'ain to their former obedience. 
 
 -AtJd'hither W/V/i-^-iyalb, brotherto ^ani nes^r\d At^'luu wis corfie together with Letifns^s 
 
 ■^■Cirfciict,andr(n-icrf^A'/ihe M' ''c''jni an, bringing with them looofoot and !;ooheJrfe< of divers 
 
 "nariom mingicdtfgether. TheCi'n'til fent one ofhis mart iall Tribunes tsr Co'onels'wifh a mean 
 
 •Q coTipany.to fommon thcCaiHc ort3rtrefs abovefaid'and after it was forced and recovered he de- 
 livered it into thd'hand- of the Al-^bardians. Him'ib!n<ept on his difeft way, and turned on no 
 fide nntill he c dme unto Af-tiochia hpon the river A'f'x.''>-de;-'.v/[\ere he encamped .This river yI/«- 
 ^•^wdc-irifethfrom CeU <«, wberethtfirflhead andfourcethefeofi' tobe feert," N'owthisT^'/.ev* 
 ^hjHbeen in times pafl the cap't tall CiVy of all PhyyH\ But inprocefs'of time this old Cc/.<''<« was 
 ^abjodonedby the Inhrbinnts andnotfarfrorii itrhcype^pled a ne\v City called 'Ipr.mct, bea- 
 '^i!it%i\\t name of Apwc^ the fifter of 5^f/wcw.fhefivef 'V^^'« 4iKfcvvv{erpt'jngkig n«t far from 
 ''- Y y y 1 - ^^^g
 
 ng^ The eight and thirtieth Boo\ of! .Livius. 
 
 the forefaid fontces oi Af<e i«^fr,difchargcth it felt' thereinto. And as the common fame goeth,at H 
 thisC'/<«-;<eit w-iS' where '^<»-/.'« the Muhciangave der.anie to A;)'/.'o, and (.hallerged himco 
 play upon the flute. This MaayiUer abo\cTiimtd^ ifluingout of an high hui atC£/<« <ej runneth 
 through themidli of the City andhrli keeping his courlc along the country of the Catians, and 
 afterwards of the loniaps./alleth at the latt into an arm ot the fea between /'r;««fiud AdiUtus. 
 
 W hilcs theCof.lay encamped about Aii tochia,6elcftc:is the lonot Annorlnis pre ented himfelf 
 unto him with corn tor his army, according to the covenant tontratted ^ixhSafw, Somcfmall 
 variance and difference there was as toui hing the aid demanded oi Amtoci.us : tor Seleucus plea- 
 ded that ^;.f?«?f/.v« had capitulated only to hndiorn for the Roman fouldiers. But this debate 
 was foon at an end by reafon ot the ttiftrefolution of theCof. who lent a Colonel to warn and 
 charge the (ouldiers to accept nocorn before the aid-l<>uldiers of^^/f/of/»/ were received. From i 
 « The Time thence he marched to * Gordm- ttchos ( a City lo called^& lo torward the third day to T^i &. This 
 th.' Gi-riio- City is felted upon the frontiresofthe Piiidians,inthat coalf which boundeth upon the Pamphy- 
 comcot Jdio- lijpiga. Tiis quarter was abie to yield luBy men for war when it had not been any way endama- 
 f^"' oed^but remained entireand whole. Forpronfwhereofeventhenalfothereiflutd outoltheCity 
 
 a cornet ot horimen.who charged upon the Roo.ans as they marched.and at the firlt oniet trou- 
 bled them not a little. But a'tcrward, feeing themfelvesneitherfor number, noryettorprov\efs 
 comp'irable unto them they were driven bai.k into the town, & craved pardonfor thtir trefpais, 
 ready to furrender their City into the Cof.his hands. The Cof. impofed upon them a paiment of 
 25 talents of hlver,and locoomedimns of wheat,and upon that Lompol.iion their fu. render was 
 accepted.Threed lies alter the Remans came to r/>d«uhe ri'.er & tromthen.e to the City Enz^ay^ 
 which at thefirt jflault they won. After this the army manhed as tai as toaCaliie.al ed Tha- 
 »K''nW\f,xo. ^;^/?o« ftanding over the river * /»^«^, lo called of acertain Indian, whom an £itphant threw and 
 D}nL\a<.Aii. calf into ic.Now they were not tar from T/ yra-t & yet no embaflage appeared from the tyrant of 
 thatLOuntry and flatc Wo«_^i:tf^ a dilloyaland treacherousman in all his dealing- andbehdes ex- 
 treamhard andu; reaionable.WherenpontheCof.fent out betbre C.H7w;/>r. with 4000 foot and 
 joohorie.tofoundhi'difpofition and mind. As theie companies entred into his'rontiers there 
 encountrcd them his bmbafiadors. giungthem to underHand that thetyrant their Matter was 
 ready to do whatloever they would command: only his requelf was unto// IvtM to pafs peace- 
 ably through his country, and to retrain hK foudiersfrom waHing& Ipoiling the territories .& 
 1 5 talents they brought with them tor to mike a cr wnofgoid. //f/w»« pomiied lo fave hisL 
 lands for being 1 polled and waHed 1 ut he willed theerrbafiadorstogototne Cof Now when 
 they had related the lame unto him he made themanlwcr in thcfe term-: We cannot gather by any 
 f)on(qd.he)thatthe tyrant bearcth ^ooA will ardatftifion ton. Romans ••& again if he be fu^h 
 an one as the world tiketli him ff>r we are to think rat her of his chaltifemtnt than of admitting 
 him into our amity. The emh'fl". dors lore troi'blrdatthis word requefted him for thatpretenc 
 no more, but to take the' r <wn <.f t:0 d,and to permit that the tyrant him. elf might haveaccefs 
 into hi^ prelenieto. topar. with him and ciear himlelf. The morrow at'tcrby permflionofthe 
 Cof.camethe ryrant into the camp bearing no port o aPiince.Por a priiat perl n and mean man 
 of fmall wealth would have gone in better apparel and earned a greater train about him than be: 
 neither went he lo meanly biuhelpakeas lowly, hacking and hewing his words,asifhe had not j^ 
 been able to fpcak them oot HecompI ined ot his ownbarcnefs and want Silikewiie ofthepo* 
 verty ofthcCiiie' unc\er his' feignory( for bei.de' Cyhira heheldinpoff flion5y/,«»z &thac which 
 is called A/'w«f)Yet he promiied to lee what he(<'inld do if hap y by undoing himfelt&fpoiling 
 hisfubjeds he might make up five and twenty talents.M-ry he miftruHed greatly that he fliould 
 never effe£l lo mv. h. Are you thereabout ? (qd.ihe Col. 1 Now verily I can no longer endure this 
 mo' kerv. Was it not enough that in your abien^ e yon bafhed not to delude and difappointusby 
 yourEmbafladors but you mutfperhli fliil inthei^mt impuden ynow that you be here your felf 
 . in perfon ? And won d you make us beleeve indeed that the disbuifmg of 25 talents will begger 
 youa.nd your whole kingdom ? Come on hr I fy ; Bring me hither within thei'e three daies, and 
 .lay me down in ready money 500 'slents, or lookfor no other favour, but your territory to be j^ 
 _wfled,ind your City beiieged. Greatly affrighted was he at thefe minatory words, howoeit he 
 ■continued ft ill obitinatly. counterfeiting & pretending his needincfs and poverty, and aftermiich 
 bafe bucking and ri/ing by htile and littie,one while hafting and wrangling,another while praying 
 and entreating (and that with whining and putting finger in the eye)he was fetcht over at length, 
 andcameglf to pay 100 talents (/hlver and todclicc 10000 medimns of corn befdes. And all 
 this was exaifed of him to be pertormed in fix daies From Cthyra the Cof. condu6fed the army 
 through the country oftheSirdenfian?, and alter he hadpsfTed over the river Cri/.««r*f, hetherc 
 pirrhcd down hi'; rents. The morrow after they marched by the lake or mearr.rr(j'/f*f, and fee 
 them down and refted upon the river A1*a ^r. As they advanced from thence toward La^on the 
 next City the inh^birmf; fled for fear wheropnn the town void of peop e butreplenifhed with Q 
 abundance of all things wasranfacked and rifled. 1 hisdonC: thev arrived at the head orfpringof 
 tl'C river Lycut and the next day man hfd toward the riverCo^ /<if»/.The.Termifliansat thefame 
 time having for cd and won theCity o* rbeLyrians were now upon the point to afT'ult the 
 Caftle. Thev w'lo were within befleged^feei^o no other hope of iuccour fent iheirEmbafladors 
 to rheConftil. befeecbing his help and m'king pirifull moan how they with their wives and 
 children were fhut up within the foTtrefs,and looked every hour tor deathjciihcr by famin or the 
 
 fword.
 
 The eight and thirtieth Booli^ o/T.Livius. yo*- 
 
 A fword.This fell ouc as the Cof.vviflied namely ,10 have fogood anoccafion prefemed unto him,of 
 turning his way into /"^Jw/)/?///*?. At histirli toming he delivered the Lyrimstrom the liege. To 
 Termeftn hc granted peace,uponcompolicion that he ftiould receive hitt 50 talents.Inlikclorthe 
 dealt by the Aipendians and oiher States ot Pamfhyli... ]n his return from thencethe firii day he 
 encamped f.i(t liy a rivercahed 7;r/«r««, and the next day toilovving, nearatown whichthe> tal! 
 Xyline-Comt. trom w heni e he mart hed and held on his journey continually, untill he came to the 
 City Co»»?<»P'The next City unto it wa;. Prf/.-jWhith he found abandoned by the Inhabitants tor 
 fear hovvbeit lull ot ail kind of goods. As he mari.hed Hill along the marflics there met him Em- 
 baliadorsfrom L)'//«^^)Whocametorender their City into his hands.Atterthis hecmredinto the 
 territory of S.iffal-tjfM-i fertijc & plenteous quarterlor all forts of corn & truits.Tlie Pii.dians in- 
 
 B habit thole pins who ire the belt warriors in all that country. In regard whereof,as alfofor that 
 their teriiory isfruirtnlland well peopied, and their City flrongly fjtiiat(asfevv like unto it^they 
 were grown to be hardy .ind.ouragious.TheCor.feeingnoembalTjgcprclenicd unto him in the 
 entran eof ttiet'rontier^,rentoutlorragcrstofct(.h in booties. When they per(.eiied once theic 
 good^hsrtied ^nd arricd away betoie their f-ices, their Homacks came down, and then they fenc 
 their emballadois andopcniompolitiontopay 50 talents,: coco medimns ofwheacjand as ma- 
 ny ot brrey, they obtained peace. From thence he palled to the fountains of 0.i/».<i, nntillhe 
 cametoa village whi h they name ^/)7r,</oj-Cowf,and there he encamped. Thither repaired the 
 next dry SeLucru trom ^p frma. And ihefameday, a^'ter he had Tentaway unto ^pAmcahisGck 
 folkand other biggage and peJ ttut lie had(goodfornoihiDg;he rook guides of Jt/c«(r»;l'orthe 
 
 C way and entrcd into the plains of /l/«re;io/«, and the next morrow mar. hcd as far as £>/«/<« in 
 Fhrygia. A t^r this, heencred into Syn.idu where hetonnd all the towns about abandoned for 
 fear, ai d Ictt defert. Witu the bo- ty and pillage whereof his army was 10 heavily charged, that 
 hardly he could march five miles a day ; and fo he came at .eni;th to Be>idos mmed,Jhe. old, From 
 thence he paffed to Aiahura and the next day to the fource of ^-s l.'ndir, jnd the third day pitch- 
 ed down hi tents near Ah. jf/'.-f.Therehe lay encamped many d»iestogether5becaufe he was now 
 arrived into the ountry of the ToliHobogian?. 
 
 The GaUxS in times palf being a mighty people in number were induced to take a voyage, ei- 
 ther for want ot land toiuhabit,or forhopeot booty and prizes: and foppofingwithalhthatthey 
 conid not pafs through any nation whatloever, comparable tothcmfeUes inteats ofarmsentred 
 
 D under the ' ondud ok Brennus into the country of the Dardanians. Where, they began to mutine 
 among rhemfeKes: byoccafion whereof it hapned, that to the number of twenty thonfand of 
 them, t'oliowingtwo of their Prin:es Lomnorms and Lj!?f.ir/«y, departed from Brent-.us^ and took 
 theT way into fliract{i:nbeie partly by warring with them that made reliflanccjand partly by im- 
 poiing tribute upon them that craved peace,they came at length as far as to Bizattwm: and after 
 they had held tributary agoodtime thecoall oi* Propontu, they poffefled themfelves alio of the *Mirdl M-o- 
 good towns and Cities otthat quarter. After this-they had a mindanddelireto invade Afuf-y for '»'»''». 
 iheyheardlay being ;'o near, howfertileandplenteous the foil of that country was. And after 
 they had furprized and vvon Lyfim.ichi.i by a wile, and by force of arm<; conquered all Cherfonne- 
 /»f, thty defcended to Hellejpont. Where feeing how they were divided trom hfut but only by the 
 
 £ llraiiihts and that it was buta fmalkut thither their dehre was mu; h more inflamed to pafsover. 
 And for this pnrpole they dilpatched certain curriers to .'/^./ptfr the- gove:nourofthat coaft,to 
 demand paffage. But by reafontbat they effe^fted not this loibonas they hoped. there arofeano- 
 ther new fediti on between ihePrincesthemfelvcs.Whereupon Lornnorms Accowpo-mcd with the 
 greater psrt retired to Byz,:int!um from whence became. But Lutarms took trom the Macedoni- 
 ons (who under colour of an embaffage werefent from A'}t:prtir in efpiall ) two covered fhips, 
 ard three briiiandines. By means of thefe veflels, within few dales be had fet overall his army, 
 tranfporting them one after another diy and night contlnuaily. Not 'ong after Lom-^oyiusdiliopii- 
 {edovc\:\ato Ajia horn Byzuint.'um, by the 3\d oi JVicsmedfs K']n^- o{ Buhyn/a. After this, the 
 Gauls joyned again together in one,and fuccourcd Ntco-medcs in his war^; againft Zyh^i.viho held 
 
 F a part of Z>«>/;v«/<i, and bv their help and alTiilancee:pecially, 2v^<«.; was vanquifhed,and all B-thy- 
 »/j became fubject to Nscomedes. fhen they departed out of B-t'yyit.i into kftJ. Now of twenty 
 iboufandih'jre were nor above ten thoul'and armed. Yet logrsat aterrourthey llruck into all na- 
 tions onthis fide the mountiain Taurus, that both they to whom they approached not rear, and 
 alfo they whom they cams unto,as wellthefartheliasthenearedil'abm'tted themfelves and ran- 
 ged under theix obedience. In theend beiu;; three nations o*-" them, to wit,theToli(Iobogian^.the 
 Trocmian';, and the Te6lofages, they divided A/jdikewife into three parts and parted them fo 
 equally amongthemfelve^, that each nation of them pr.{rcflc:d a levenll xx^Si which paled them 
 ttibiue. Thecoail of f/ff///^9>jf«j was given to the Trormi ins : theTolidobogian': had for their 
 Q[\ntty£'iUf ir\A lonta: and unto the Te£lofage5 were allotted the in. and parr*- of themsin con- 
 
 Qtinent of A 7 -.And in one word they demanded tribute of dl ^f^ onthis fde Taunt'. But they 
 planted and leated theml'eh es about the river H.ilys. The bruit of their name wss fo fear^nll and 
 terrible, and elpe.ially after their iflue was multiplied and in reafed in greu n^lm^er that the 
 KK.alfoof 5vi-.v«inthe end refufednottobe their homagers 'nd pive tf-em rril^ntf- Thehrft of 
 all tl-e inhabitants in Az/^that denied them homaoe,was K'n^ Afr i/wthef therof E/"vc>'/».r:and 
 foriPne beyond theexpei^ationof allmen-, favoured his hardy f dcoura^ious enrerprife •• for he 
 vanquinied theoa inbatteil. Howbeit, he darned not their hearts fo much, but Hill they tipheld 
 
 Y y y 3 anii
 
 -^6 The eight and thirtieth Boo\ tf/T.Livius. 
 
 and miint.ined their foveraigoleignory, in fuch fort, astheir puiflance continued umill the war H 
 between A tiochus and the Romans. Yeajand after that Antiochw was vanquillied and chafed 
 out o' pa I of hij P.eaim,they conceived great hope to hold their own(iill;bytealon they were 
 fo remote from the fea,and therefore thought that the Romanataiy would ijcver pierce io far as 
 to them. The ConfulnoWjforasmuch as ne was to war with this nation, fo terrible to al! their 
 neiotibours in thofe quarters, aflembied his fouidiers to a pubiike audience, and in this manner 
 made fpeei h nnto them. 
 
 "lam not ignorant, my fouldierSjthat of all the people which inhabit ^7».i.,the Gauls are moft 
 " renowned for \ aliance in w^r, And whyPthis Herce and cruell nation having run over the world 
 **in a manner and warred with 41 countries. chole them a place of abode,and to fettle themfelves 
 *' in the midB of a generaticn,of ail other molt mild and trainable. Big and tall they are ot lUture i 
 " and perfonige: their hair they wear long in golden crifped and fliining locks: they carry bucklers 
 *' ot huge bionefs,and handle Iwotds of exceeding length. Befides,when they enter intobattell> 
 *' they ufe to ling- to hoop,and dance and with clattering their targets and weapons t(Jgether,after 
 " thegui'e of their countryjthey luakean horrible nolle. Andall thi isdoneofpurporeby them 
 *' to terrific their enemies. But fuch devices as thefe be, let the Greeks the Phrygiani.and Carians 
 *' be afraid of,who are not ufed ,ind acciiHomed to hear and fee luch things : as for the Romans, 
 " acquainted, with the Gauls fuddenand tumultuous wars, they canskili well enough of thefe 
 *' their toyes and vanities alfo.Once indeed and but oni.e,at the hrft en. oumer they difcomhted 
 '' the Romans at the rivet Ail>»' but fini e that time our Anceiiors tor the tpa e ot two hundred 
 "years have made iiavockofthem. killed j put to flight,anddri. en them like fheep before them : j^ 
 "and ot'tner,Idare we.lfay have they triumphed of the Gauls, iban ot ail the world be; de?.Thus 
 "much we know of them by excerience that if a mm be able to dand out their I rli fhockand 
 " violence(which upon a furious heat of their own by nature and in blind hoiej aid anger they 
 .«'fpendallatonce)all the parts of their body run tofweatand become f-int ; their weapons arc 
 *' ready to fall out of their hands: their bodies are lo tender, theinourages fo feeble f alter their 
 *"■ cholarick anger i- onceallaiedand p,-ated)that the very heat of the funiheduft and the drought 
 *' is able withou' drawing fword,io o\ crihrow them and lay them along.Propf and trial we have 
 *' had of them not only legion to legion>, but man toman. T.Manltusii\^ Myalerius\wi^ 
 •■ (hewed plainly how far Roman .ertne and provve^- furpafleth the furious rjge ofGauls.Why? 
 •'even M.wcui M.:»hits. one man alone, repulfcd and beat down the Ciuls as they climbed up L 
 *' by numbers to tht Cipitoll dift" And thofe anceiiors of ours beforenamed had then to deal 
 *' with natural Gaui'; indeed, born and bred in their own country : wherea.- thefe here, by this 
 *'iimenowareabal+ard fort of them and Jean degtnerate,mingled they are with others. ai-d in 
 "truth a^they hecaled fo are they Gaho greeks, /^nditfareth with them as with plants, fraitsv 
 *>• and living he :(is in which we f.;eth,irthe ictd is not of that vertiie, &; lo effedfual to keep and 
 *' retain Ihllthe own kind and nuure as the property of the foil and the air where they are nou- 
 •'rillied is tot-hange the fame. Thn^theM' edonians who inhabit y4/f.vW'/<! in t/£^;pf, who 
 t' dwell in SeUwa ir\d Balyl-n ' and> ii.et Colonies difperied over the earth are grown out of 
 "their own kind and in manners be ome Syrians, Parthians>and Egyptian?. Mr/fUta feateda- 
 *• mongthe Gail's hath dr<<wn I'omevvh t of the nature of thenations adjoynirg and bordering j^| 
 "• upon them And what ha\ e the I artntins left them of that fevererorgh and hard difcipline 
 *'o the Spart.ins? For whatfoeveris ingendredand bred in the own proper place, is evermore 
 '-kindly, andrtt.nneth it^- own nature better ; but look what is tranfplanted into anotherfoil, 
 "doth loon dcgenerate,and grow inton baflard kind : for nature tranifcrmeth her fclf,and chan- 
 " gethinio that wherewith fhe isnourifhed.Befure thereforejthatlikeas ye have defeated thefe 
 "Phrygi-n'; ( fornobetcrthev be ) overcharged and loaden with Fiench ;rmsin the batcella- 
 *' gainlt Nntiochw even fo being now conquerours, ye fhall fubdue and hew them in pieces once 
 " already vanquifhed.And I fear me more that yefliall win too fmall glory of them,then I doubt 
 "by fighting 'o little with them that ye fhall have their hands too lull of war againft them. 
 "Why even King y^ff/z/wmanyaiimeand often hath difcomfiiedind putthemtoflight.Neither j^ 
 *' wouid I have you to think, thatfavage beaffs on y newlv taken, and keeping at the firft their 
 " feland wild nnure aftera time that ihey havei>een iti by mans h^'nd, grown to be tame and 
 "gentle; but that thefiercenels and cruelty of man i? likewifeofthe fame nature to be dulccd and 
 "made trad Me.Arevcperi'wadtd thatthc;e Grulsrefemble theirfachers and grandhres incon- 
 " ditions ? Their forefathers longiincciefr their native country for want of ground and land to 
 " poffefs ; and being driven to pa's through the mofl rough and diffi u'tcountry of Hhnaim-, 
 " firft came into r&onta & afterw 'rds travelled ail over Thracia^ Fghting ever as they went with 
 *'• moft fierce and cruell nations,uptill at length thev eized upon thefe parts and 'etled there. Af- 
 •• ter(I fay)thcy had biren hardned and made m^re fell by fo m.-ny travels and dangerous ad len- 
 " fures, they were received in the end within fuchaiand ?s through abundance of al good Q 
 " things mishtfecd and frank them op. Al! thatthe fircenef-- and favagenatiire of theirs which 
 "they had vvhcn they came firft thitner, is(nodoubt)mol:ified by 'he ef^odnefsof the m'^ftfer- 
 '• tilefoil,by the fweetnefs&p'eafureof a moH tempe at air, and l,:ft o' all bv thegentle 'ndde- 
 " bonair nature of the inhabitants iheir neighbors. And even you -l'"r>(in good *"ai'h}aretolook 
 " unto it;(m3rtiall men although vor hi. and the very off fpnng of.*/ " himfel' ) yea-e^T'^ay^to 
 *' take heed and beware of thefe delights of yj^/r, and betimes to get you forth from ih ;rvi. So 
 
 " forceable
 
 The eight arid thirtieth BooJ^ ofT,L,mus. 707 
 
 A 'Morceablearethefeforrainpleafuresand delicat enticements to quench andcorrnpt the ri-'orbf 
 "yoiTipifits; 10 po wen nil is thecommcri eand ^onverdno with Hrangers; To potent is tlle^.o^- 
 <»taJ,UJn^J.s It vvercjoFtheir manners and dif ipline ofneiphbour inhabitants. Yet this one "ood 
 **• tu n u liuli havCjthat as .igainlt you they liave not that courage which in times pall they hadi 
 "10 amoiit;tneCjrccks hereahey are ot as great name as ever they were in ancient time. So that 
 *' among'' youiahics,you fh ail win as great h< nour by your victory , as ityoufhouldhai econqiie- 
 '<■ rtd the cauls when they were at the height of their valour and prowels.Atter the sdembiydif- 
 miflcd andtmbjflddors- fent to f/o/^aff <|[Kj (^theonly Prince in thole parts who pcnilicd inami- 
 tj with £« c'-.f. and n.id retukd to , ia yi/'f/orAwjagainlt the Romans) the Cof. marched for- 
 ward. The firii da, became to tfic river ///<iv^fr and the morrow to a lertain village which they 
 
 'BciWTrfrotJ. rhithtt repaired nrto nini tbei mb.:fladorsot the Orcadians. cra\ing to be accepted 
 as friends ; but ihey were enjov ntd tup.iy two hundred t.ilents : nd when they reqiiedcd leave 
 10 make relation jnd repcii en.ol at hnmc ihcy were peimitted. From theoLe the Col. led his 
 army to PI endmi ; and Alter t.iat lie encamped :it j/r/ifo/.Thithtr returned they wno had been 
 lent -o Ep'j(f'^^>^atn.\ together with the hmb fl.idcr^- of Prin' e ( on'pfi/fsis,icqud\\r^^ the Romans 
 not to vva pponthe Tedoiago- for th:t bnth himielf nd £p j/o^^rf'w alfo, would goin perion 
 10 tl-.cm atid p'rl waded the nation to do nhaifoeverihey llinuidbei ommanded, I he Prince ob- 
 tained iiis lequelt; and :o from thence the army began to mar h through the land whicn they 
 call * >/.vi/a( : and we;] it might be fo I ailed, for it hath no wood at ail in it norbeareth lomuth *Woodltf5.' 
 asihornsi'ir my thing eifc to burn and m.iint lin fire: cow-dung is all their burning forvYant of 
 
 C otherfevveil. VVhile«theRom:-D= lay in .ampbeforf C«^'//«w ('afortref? ot G ;//<jf!-ifj,«i) they 
 difcovered theCnairyot the enf-mies coming toward them with a great hurreyand tumult: 
 and they ch.irged fofierceiy and fuddenly upon the fO'-/)j^«'j^.'.'<?Yi! of the Romans, thattheynoc 
 oniytrouMed nd difordered them, but a ao killed fome of them. The alarm beinggivcn within 
 the camp the Roman horfemen at on-, e iftiied forth of all the gates, diftomfitcd the Gauls, and 
 flew certain of them in the hale, '« he Conui per: ei ing now that he was come into his enemies 
 country, marched notfrom thenceforth without fending out his efpials before and kept his army 
 together in batteli array with great heed and carefulneh.Thus he held on his journey continual- 
 ly until he ame to tne r'nxt S.inaariHj, where he pnrpofed to make abridge, becaufe there was 
 norpafljge over at any toord. This S,i»g,irt»s arrileth out ofi'he mountain Adoreas and runnin«» 
 
 D through HI r*^i.i u joyneth with the river Thyml-irts neir unto Bithynia, and lo growing bif^er 
 bv re-eii'ing a double current keepeth his courfethrotTgh .^/t/i^wi^janddil-hargeth hiinielf into 
 i'roowf/dT ;ariver not lo famous and noble for the greatnefs thereof, as becaufe it yie deth fifh 
 abnndjnt yro a. I rhe nations' bordering and dwelling thereupon. When the bridge wasfininied 
 and the armvpalled over.as they marched along the bank fdcthe •_.alli or Priefts of Cji^./.Y the 
 gre-.f mother of the gods ) were come from P(ff:yit4s, and with f! reamers infules and other orna- 
 ments met then: and in their ^anaticall veresfas men dihrafled of their wits) fetrhcd to pro- 
 phelieand torcte 1, that the goddels vouihfafed theRom.ins a fair way to war and vidory.yea, 
 and the conqueit and fe'gnory of that country. Hereu the Confui faid, That heaccepttd their 
 wordsfor a pre'age ot good fortune.and thereupon in th,u very place he pitched his Tents. The 
 
 ^nextdiy he went as tjr as f'or^/fww: a town verily iris none of the greatelx, but more f.cquented 
 and rei'ored unto for tnffique and mer handife. then ulual'yfu h dry towns are that Ibnd tar 
 within tfe Kind. Threefca there be triangle-wi e ot equal! diHance all from ir. On the coaft 
 tovvard Sinr-p:-, it harh H^'llcfpont and the fhores ot the other tra£f,whereas theCii-ilians inhabit 
 by the fea-fide. Moreover, it bo-dereth upon the confines of many t;: eat nations, whofortheir 
 mutuallneed and commodiry, ha^-e commer.e of negoti.ninn, and meet together in that one 
 place This town at that time they found altogether dipe-opled, by realbnthar the inhabitants 
 W'-re fled for tear; bur well Hored.ind ull o^' wires and goods ot all lorrs. Whiles the Romans lay 
 there encamped, there '^ame Embafl vdors from £'p,'r«fl-'i<»A«r, reporting unto them, that he had 
 made a journey to the Pfinces of theGau's, but could obtain no realon ar their h ind;.- alfo, 
 
 F th.'t they weredlflodged out of the champain country had quit their villages and land.'; ingreac 
 num'^e s, andtogetber with their wives and "hildren drave before them and carried with ihem 
 whatfoever tbev ould, and were retired to to the mount Ohrt'pti! from whence they purpofed 
 to de'end rhcn 'he'; byfor,.e -.f a'-ms and the Hron^ htuation ot'che place. The Embafladours 
 likewifeoftheOro'ndiins, gave morecertain in-^ehigen-.e, towit. That the whole people id 
 oen-r.all of the To idobogiins had leized the \\\\\Olyrnp'<s; that theTedlof.iges fever.illy by 
 thei^iclvc? had r^ken another mountain a!led i^/it'^j"-' 5 that the Trocmians, had eommitied 
 their wives and children to the guard or the Tcitof.'ges minding witha main army to aid the 
 Tolillobooians. Now at that time the Princes of thofe th-ee St Jtes w re Orhi'^n Co->^h doma' 
 rus^ and Gaulotas. An-^ the prin ipall reafcn and means that thefe had toentrrrrife wnr, 
 
 /-was this. That being p'-.flefled of -he highefl hills of rhat .ountry and ha- ing broug'r t thi- 
 ther provihon o'' a'l things to i'er.ethem for a lono fpare they frppo -dtowearv and wear 
 outtheirenemiesinpro efs oftime. Fonhisar-ountthevmade. that they would ne er ven- 
 ture to m:rrb3gain(f rhem- through fo b^ri, fodiffi u't and dii 'dvant.ioeo" pir>es;ard it they 
 alTaiedlotod.-)" thev might be empeached, repu fed ba k .md bea- nrlowr wit -i a (mill com- 
 pany : aoain, if they would fn ftil! '" le-'guc- at the foor o^ rho'e royen "i unrnin"; ^nd do no- 
 thing, they were never able to endure the cold and the fcarcity which they (houldtind there. 
 
 Aad
 
 ~-n 
 
 The eight and thirtieth Boo\ a/T.Livius. 
 
 And notwiihlbcding the very altitude and height ofthe places defended them, yet over and be- H 
 iidestheycalt atren.ti, and made other defences round about the tops otcbe mountains which 
 ihey held. Alio for proviiionot darts and other (hot, it wasthekali of all their care, fuppolmg 
 thdttherou^h places wou:d furnilli them with iufliLientlioreof Hones to fling.The Conlui fore- 
 callin" in hts mind that he fhould not deal with ihele enemies dofe at hand-tight, butafaroff 
 when^he was to aflail their holds,had made proviiion aforehand ot great Bore of darts light veli- 
 i-iry javelins,arrows, bullets of lead, and fmall (tones that might be levelled and lenc out of flings. 
 Thus beino well appointed and furnifhed with luth kind otfhot, he led his army toward the 
 mountain Olympu'-invd about five miles off he encamped. The next day he together with ylnJtts 
 adv amed forward with 500 men of arms to view the nature and Itandingot the mountain, toge- 
 ther with the fnuation ofthe Gauls camp. But the enemies horlemen being doubiein number to I 
 them) iffued out of their camp, and put them to flight, flew a few of them in the rout, and hurt 
 many. The third day be let forward with all his forces to diit over the places, and by realonthat 
 there came not one of them out of cheir defences and fortihcations,he rode round about the moun- , 
 lain inlafety ac his pleafure, and perceived that on the iouth-fide, there wc-e certain little hils, | 
 all of of clean earth without Hones, and theiameriimgup withaneahe altent to a >.ertampiace; 
 but to the North were high ro. ks and the fame in manner Ifeep upright, ^nd whtreas aiitherefl 
 wereinacceflibie three on.y waies and advenues he found, the one diredtly toward themiditof 
 themountain(where thofe ittle mounts ot earth ltood)the other two werediffiiulc the one ly- 
 ino SoutheaR, and the other North well. After he had i oniidered and v iewed thefe plates that 
 day he pitched his camp at the very root and foot ofthe hill. The morrow after he lacrificed ard^ 
 findino by the firh bealfs whii. h he killed that thegods were pacified and favourable unto him,he 
 divided his army into three battaillons,3nd fo advanced againft the enemy, and himfelt in perfon 
 with thegreatell part ofhis forces mounted up the hill, whereas it yielded the eahehaf ent. He 
 commanded his brother L. A^ailtM, from the Southwell to get up the hiil as the place wooid 
 permit with fifety, giving him in charge that if he met with any dangtrous places lieepand hard 
 ofafcent, that he-fliouldnot wreftle with thediffiulties ofthe ground, norllri.eagainii thofe 
 things. which to for>.e and overcome were unpofTible ; but rather to tra\ eiie the ground, and re- 
 tire toward him and fo to joyn with his battaillon. As for (r.//<r/t^/«/.he willed him with a third 
 part ofthe forces to wheel about by little and little,and feti.h a compafs at the hill foot and then 
 from the Northwert to mount up.L»kewife the aids of v4ffT/«^>he divided into three equall parts,!, 
 and look order that the young Prince himielf in perfon fhould keep with him. The Cavalry and 
 the Elephants he left in the next downs beneath the hills, and charged the Captains thereof to 
 haveacarefuUeyeand good regard to mark what was done in every place,yea, and tomakehafte 
 to refcvieand fuccour wherefocverneed (bould be.The Gauls making full re. koning that on two 
 fides they were fnre enough, and the place that way to be inacceflible ; becau e they would Hop 
 the other advenne by fori.e of arms on the South fide, fent forth about four thoufand armed men 
 to fei/e upon a certain hi:l within a mile of their camp, which hill commanded the way, fuppo- 
 lirgtheie,3sfrom a f on eand tortrefstodebar them ofpaflage. Which when the Romans per- 
 ceivedthey put them'ehe' inreadnefs to fight. A pretty fpace before the cnligns, marched the 
 skirmifhers together with thcCandtot anhtrs and {lingers from Attnlusi likewifethk Triballi- j^ 
 ans of Thr.ue 1 be en igns ofthe tootmen toUowed foftly after(as well as they might) againif the 
 hill, bearing their tarj?cis before them fo as they feemed to cover themfelves only to avoid the 
 fhot-and meant net to enter into any fight hand to hand.The fight at firlf was equally, performed 
 withfliot agocddifianceoff :for as the Gauls got the advantage of the ground, fo the Romans 
 had the odds for variety and (lore of darts. Butasfhe skirmifli continued and encreafed, there 
 WIS no more equality feen. For the fliields ofthe Gauls being made long, and not broad enough 
 for their bodies, and wi' hall flat and phin without hardly covered and delended them rand by 
 this time all their (hot was fpent ; Si weapon had they none but their very fwords, whereof there 
 wasnoufeat all.conndtring the enemy came not to clofe fight. The only help they had was with 
 flones and tho e toobiofortheir handling.andnoteafie to weild,by reafonthey were not pro- ji^ 
 vided befo e.hnt fuch as in chat hafle came next to their hand without any choice.Moreo- er , be- 
 ing not ufed and exer ifcd to flinging they had neither the artificiall fleight, noryetfuffiJent 
 firength to help themleKes w'thali : but contrariwife, from all parts were pelted with bullets of 
 lead and gsi ed with arrows & darts at unawares, which they could neither ward nor avoidiand 
 for that with anger &fear togethertheir wits & underftandings were blinded, they wifl not what 
 to do feeing themfelves furp' ifed and overtaken in a kind of fight whereunto they were leaft of all 
 fitted. For as in clofe conflift hand to hand ,whereblows are dealt,where raps are given and t^ken 
 enterchangeably .choler kindleth courage:even fo vvhen men are wounded aloof with lipht darrs, 
 &from whence theyknovv not they wot not upon whom to run &at whom to make in that blind 
 fit o* theirs but they tu n upon their own fellows without all reafon at a venture like wiid beafls o 
 galled with arrows flicking in their (ides. Now,rhev receive not a wound but it is feen by ;eafoD 
 that they fight naked and tl ei bodies are fai rfli k ard white, a"; being never bnre but in battell: 
 by which means greaterftoreof bloudguflit out ofthe wounds intheirflefhy bodies, thega- 
 flies appear greater. and their white skin mucf- more (Gained vwith black bloud. But they pa's not 
 fo much for bro'dSi wide 1afhe«rfr>r otherwhiles when rhe skin is cut away & the woiindnthet 
 broad than decp^they take more pride iherein)?f think they fight with greater honor ,^Mary il it 
 
 happen
 
 ne eight and thirtietb Boo{ ofT,Liv'ms, jrg 
 
 A happen at any timejihat an arrow head or a bullet tlicking within the flefli all hidclen,piit them to 
 pain and torment, notwithltandiuu the hurt bcimailin appearame, yet whenthey kek to pluck 
 out an arrow, and the head will not fo.lowjthen they take on and areliark mad, tor ilismethac 
 fo I'mall apiKk ihouldplai;ue toein fo and be ready to kill themjniomuch as they call themiehes 
 cnthe^rou'idj^Dd lie wallowing alon^ every where. Others there be of them that ran full upon 
 their enemy and thoie kvere Hicked with arrows and darts trom all pares &; when they camenear 
 to hand were by the ski^mi^lcr•^ kilicd and cut in pieces with their fwords.Thcie louidiersul'e to 
 covcr them elves with a lliicid or three foot long^carrying in theirright hand u-rcain ipcars to ufe 
 aloot,„nd wear by their 1 de abp^niflifword.Kow incaltttiey tome to hand light, they fliift their 
 fpearouto! their r:«lit hand into the lelt^and take them to their fword.. By this time there were 
 
 gait lew ot theCjduis lett a i\e- whopcrieiving that the light armed skirmiihers of the enemies 
 were too good lo^ them Scfeeingwithaii the cnngns of the legions to approach near unto them* 
 tooktlicm to their heeis on jU hands, and began to flie amain toward the camp; which now was 
 full of fear and troul'iC: as wht.c women and children and a multitude oi feeble folk ( not fie 
 tobear arms ) were rcwd^-d aid tdrfti gcd together. TheRoman-: t'ollowing tiie train cjf their 
 viCiory,ieized the hils abandoned liy tnc enemies that werelled. About the lame time L.A^mU- 
 Hi and CHi-cViM. having muurted io far as they touldhnd way, traierl.ng thel/des of the hill, 
 when they were lome to anend, wiitre they could fee neither way nor path the v turned to that 
 quarter of the hill woi> h only atforoed a way, and both of them began to follow thcConiuls bat- 
 tailUui a p.etty dilian>.ealund^r, asiith y had agreed betf.rehandln todo rard that which at tint 
 
 C had been limply the beH thing to be done, they were of necefTity forced at lalt to put in executi- 
 on. For in I'.Kh diffi ui ties and plaieu of difadvantagejluccour-; b. hind in arereward haleofte^- 
 ^ime^i■erved in right good l^ea^ : that iftho'einthe vanguard lliouid change to be beaten back, 
 they in the fecond piace might receive and pr jtedf tnem,and illo bet^in frefliiy a new fight. A ter 
 that the formoii engnsof the legions wcrecome to tho'.e hills ; whi.h the lightarmed before 
 had .eizcd theConfui commanded thcouldiers toreli them awhi!eand breath themt'eLes, ind 
 fhewcd cnetn witball where the bodies ot the G uiis lay dead along all overthemountains. And 
 if(i]d.he} the liglit armed s ,irmillier- ha^emadeAuh a riddance of chem^what i.. to be ookedfor 
 at the hinds of the egionary fouidiers armed all over in compleac harnefs? What will they do 
 cnatcirrvthe hearts') tnoi} noble w.ir ios? Surely they inulf needs win the camp, into whi h 
 
 pth^- enemy is dialed nd d.iven by the iight armed fouidiers. Ho.vbeit hecommanded theii'^ht 
 armtd t'>uo afore, wiio all the while that the legions retted themlelves fpentnoi the time in vain, 
 butemploicd it in gac'ieriniJ rogetiier the darts and javelins that lay about the hills, to the end 
 that they might ha e iuth lent ilaot. Now the Romans mati-hed forward and approached the 
 cimp. T.ic Gauls likewvilc for tneir pirts.tearing lell their defences would not be able to defend 
 ihc;n, Ifood armed be fire their trench and r.mpier. But atterwards being overcharged withall 
 forts ofdarts, tney vv r. drreninthetiirnmgofan hand within their holol,( tor the more they 
 were in number and tiiettn kcrihey liood,the lels lighted any dart in vainjonly they lefttfronc' 
 gnard^aSou the gates and entraae into thecamp. Moreover, amongthemuititude whi h was 
 dri- en into the old,there wisdifchaged at random a mighty number oi darts .and that many of 
 
 £ them were ^-u.! thereby, appeared hytheir<ry mingled with the [] rikes of women and children. 
 Now igiin th- m rhat warvied the gate and took up the avenues with their guirds thekgionary 
 fouidiers in the >"ore'"ront let flie their javelins- And albeit thefe were not wounded in their bodies^ 
 yet by rtafon that their lliields &: ^n iclers werepierced through, they were molt of them entang- 
 led one within another and flu k fall. Long tbey could not abide the violence of the Romans, in- 
 fomuch as before that the viitors could enter into thecamp, theGau's fled forth at allthcates 
 wide open, and ran they will not whiLher like blind men, as well through places which had no 
 way. as thofe that were paffable. No rocks fo fleep with downfals, no clitfs fo rough with cra^s, 
 couldlfand in their way: and nothing feared they aflront ; their enemies only at their heels af- 
 frighted them. And therefore molt of them either fell headlong down a mighty heij^ht and brake 
 
 p theirncckSjOreletorveryfeeb ene.slolt theirbreath,werewindiers, and ready to die. TheCof. 
 after he had taken their camp, would not luffer it to be ranfacked, but commanded the fou. di- 
 ets every one to follow the chafe hard and whiles the enemies were thus affraid, to affright them 
 throughly. Then came the other regiment with h.M.i Utu buttheCorful would not luffer them 
 to enter the camp,but lent rhem forthwith to purfue the enemies. Himfell alio in perfon anon af- 
 terfoUowed, when he h id delii ered the charge of keeping the priioners, unto the military Tri- 
 bunes of the army = for thi> reckoning and refolution he made, that the warwasacafinallend ifiii 
 this tumultuous friL,ht of theirs he might either kill or take prifoners* number of them. The 
 Coni'ul was no 'ooner departed but C.lJdvtiu came with his third regiment, but he could not 
 ho,d his louldiersfrom the piUgeofthecamp inlbmuch as the booty and prizes were mottun- 
 
 Q juflly dealt amonp them who were at no end of theskirmifh. The C'lValry liood all this while 
 llil. and wtfl not of the fight or that thei'- i'ellows had gotten the victory : but afterwards they al- 
 fo eipyini; the Gan s difperfed abort the root of 'he m':'Untains mide after them as #ell as 
 their bores would mount againll the hils: fome they flew and others they rook prifoners. The 
 jutl number of thole that were fltin '"annot ea'"ly be counted, becau'ethev fled f?r and neat 
 among rhe cranks and windin|'s of the mountains where thev were killed in b| nd'orners. 
 Many of them betides, ha ving engaged themfelves to the crj^s and rocks thai had no way for- 
 ward.
 
 Soo "fbe eight and thirtieth Boo\ ofT.Livte. 
 
 ward .tumbled down into the vallies of a monftrcus depth underneath. Yea,and lomehapntd toH 
 
 be killed in the woods atnidll the thickets Sc bullies. Cl>ii,d,w,^bo writeth o[ two battels tought!^ 
 
 upon ihe mount Oljwpiis, repotteth that there died there forty tbouland enemies. 'hatFatenta'^ 
 
 Antios who otherwiieis wont to overreach and exceed in m.mber hath rtLorced not above tem 
 
 choufand. Butwuhout allqueliion iheprifoners amounted to fo.ty thouland full, becauiethcyj' 
 
 went with a train ot all Cons and ages, more like men diflodging and iemo> ing out ot one coun^ 
 
 tryuntoanotl.cr,than going to war. rhcConlul,atterhe had burned ail the aimour of his end-- 
 
 mies in one heap commanded his fouldiers to bring forth the reR ot the pillage and fpoil into one,.'J 
 
 place, and either lOid and made money of that which was to come into the pubuke trealVry op., 
 
 the City, ot cue parted it amongU the fouldiers indifferently, with great regard, that everyone,..; 
 
 fiiouidhave a juH and even pottion.Moreover,he commanded them all in open andienie. andicr'.J"' 
 
 warded e^ ery one beiides with gitts according to their feveral deierts. But above the reft, and^ 
 
 with the general accoid of all heboihpraii'ed,;.ndaiforecompenced ^ff<j/*/).Foriureiy thatyon^',| 
 
 oemlem.'.n iliewed not only i.ngu'at valour and |"orwardnefs in all iravelsand dangcrs>but aup^f,j 
 
 fpecia'ilmodeily andtaie lobriciy. /'• ' . '_ * ?<"-* . "-li' 
 
 There remained yet entire and whole the war with the Teckofage"!, againft whom the Con-, 
 
 ful made an expedition, Si npcn the third day arrived utA^-r'^^KanobieCity in thofeparis,troa:\^ 
 
 when.e the enemies we.e little more than ten miles diftanc.During the time that he lay there enrp; 
 
 camped there hapned a memorable acl, performed by a captive Lady. Amcng many more ptifo^. 
 
 ner5,there fortuned to be kept in ward, the Wile of 0,(./«^o»,a woman of furpiUfing beauty. The - 
 
 Centu.ion whohadherperioninfafecuUody, was lecherous and covetous withal], as many of jj 
 
 thefe louldieh are. Her he I'ollicited and tempted firli to commit tolly : but feeing her altogether, 
 
 univillin" and that fhe abhorred toproiUtuteherfelf unto him, he did violence uponthatbodyj 
 
 of hers, whi.h foitune had made bond and thrall unto him. But afterwards to moliifieand api 
 
 fw3<»ethe indignity ot this villanyjhe put the woman ingoodhope.and promifed that fhe fir..":'!?^ 
 
 retuir. homesgain to her friends*, mary he would not do all for pure love alone and freely witht- 
 
 out ranlom for he bargained to have a certain fum of gold belide?. And to the end forfooth thaV 
 
 no perfon belonging to him might take knowledge thereof, he permitted her to fend oneofth^ 
 
 pril'oners whom fne wou d her felf as meffenger to her friends and kinsfolk, and appointed a., 
 
 place near unto a river whither the next night following fh .uld repair two and no more ( of the, 
 
 faid captive Ladies friends with the gold abovel'aid) for to re-eive her at his hands. It fell outfa't"' 
 
 that among the reli of thecaptives committed 'o his guard, there wasabondflaveofherown?^ 
 
 this meffenger .it the fhuttingin of the evening the Centurion vonduded without the c(7r;)^<i|^ 
 
 ^utvd.lht morrow night after came accordi'ngly to the p a.e appointed, both the two friends a-. 
 
 forelaid of the gentlewoman,and alfo the Centurion himfelt with hh prifnner,where they fhewedL' 
 
 the gold, amounting lo the full fum of one Attick talent ( according as it wa agreed between 
 
 ihem^and with that the woman i'pakeuntothemin her language and commanded them todraw 
 
 theirfwords, and kill outright the Centurion as he was weighing the goid. Whichdone. fliC 
 
 caufed hi-^ head ro be tlri^ken off., and wrapped it her lelf within her garment, and fo c.rried ic 
 
 home to her husband Orua'roii, who from Olympus had fled and efcaped to his own houfe, BiijS _ 
 
 before that flie clipped and embraced her husband, fhe threw d'own the Centurion his bead at jj 
 
 his 'eet. And when he wondred what mans head it was and what aft this might he,far pafTing^ji 
 
 w'omansdeed,fheconfefledto her husband the injury that her body had fufFered,and like wife the 
 
 revenge for the abufe of her i hafiity by force and violence : and^is ifis reported)fhe maintained 
 
 the honour of this matronlike aft ever after even to her dying day, in all fanftimony of life awl 
 
 modeft carriage of hcrfelf lilve a challe dame. 
 
 1 .^fi ' jo 
 
 Whiles the camp lay at ^wfvr.j the Orators of the Tcftofages fhewed theihfelves qhto |he 
 Conful, requeuing him nottodiflodge and remove from thence before he had parted witbtHeir 
 Lords and Princes : faying withall, that they wou:d accept .iny conditions of peace whatfoevfr, 
 rather than vvar ihe time was retdowr,eventhenext mor;ow,andaplacelikevyire appointed,as ., 
 juft in the mid way (as it could be gueffed)bet ween the camp and .^w^m. The Cof. thither cani^ jg 
 al the hour afligned, accompanied with a gu rd of five hundred horfe: but perceiving no GauJ at 
 fl'.i there he returned into the camp. And thither repaired the fame Orators unto him thefecQha 
 time exrtjf^ng the default, and faying that their Princes could notcomeinperfonby occafionpf 
 fome fi-ruplc of conlcience that arofe the while: howbeit, thechiefpcrfc^nage? befidesoftKp 
 who!e nation fhould appearby whom all matters might be cqmpofed as well as with themfelves. 
 The Conful made anfwer,rhat he likewife would fend Attalui in bisflead. So they came to this 
 cmparling frnm both parts, v^t.' <»//*< had three hundred men of arms about him for bi< guard: and 
 certain conditions of peace were drawn and propounded; but fcrafmuch as they might not grow 
 to any finallconcluf'on intheabfeneoftheircbief Commanders, accorded it wasthn tfeday 
 following the Con ul and their Princes aforefaid fhould meet in that place together. Nowrhe^ 
 drift oftheGauLs in making thefcdelaies and trifling off the time, wa.sthis, that firfl they might 
 gain feme convenient fpice to transport over the river HfyszW hatever they had (whi h t^ey 
 would not hazard with their own pcrfon?, together with their wives andchildren ) andafto^- 
 wardstolay a trainofanambufh fortbeConfirl himrelf,who took fmall regard and was nor pc*^- 
 vided for to prevent their viLany intended under the co'onr of that conference.For that piirpoTfl!, 
 they chofe a thoufand horfemen out of all their cavalry, of efpeciall valour and approved bardi- 
 
 nefs.
 
 The eight and thirtieth BooJ^ ofT.Lmus, 8oi 
 
 S nefs, for the execution of this treacherous defign. And lurely this their fraud had taken effeft if 
 fonune had not defended and maintained the law of nations, whi(.h to break and violate they had 
 complottcd.Ccrtiin fouidiers of the Romans fent out to purvey forrage and feweljWeredireded 
 to trtofe very quarters whereas the parly abovcfaid fhould be kept. Tbe Coloneis thouoht it the 
 furer place for them, becaufethey were to have the Conluls guaidaliooppofed tor their defence 
 agiinll the enemy : hovrbeit, theyfet another corps de guard oi their ownjConfiiHng of ^go horf- 
 men nearer to the camp. Now by reafon that -,^rf/»/»« aflutedtheConfulfocertamly, that their 
 Princes would come, and that the matter might be foon knit up and difpatc hed , be departed out 
 of the camp with the lame guard othorfemen as before, and when he had marched almoHfive 
 miles forward, and was not far il^ort of the place appointed, he difcovered all ot a fuddentlic 
 
 B Cauls riding in full gallop againft them in moli furious manner as enemies; wherupon he Haid the 
 march and made a (iand: commandingthehoifemcn to make ready their weapons and refolve to 
 figbr.Thc firli charge and fliCKk he received light valiantiy^and Hepped not batk one foot : but af- 
 terwards as the multitude prertedlHU upon him, he began to give ground and retreat but fo as he 
 brake not the ranks of his troops. But in the end, when they found mofe danger in longer flay, 
 ihancummodity andhelpinkeepingtbcirarraies, they all at once turned their horle heads and 
 fled. When they were dilarraied once, the Gauls puriued hard and killed them : and no doubt a 
 great pan ot them had died for it, but that the forragers guard of 600 horieaforefaid came in to 
 tcfcuc them. For they hearing afar offthe fearful cry of their fellows, made ready their armor and 
 horffc and being fre(h ic in heart, entred upon the fight that was given over by their wearied and 
 
 C difcomhtcd companions : whereupon fortune quickly changed, and the fear turned from the lo- 
 fersto the wiuncrs; for at the firii encounter the Gauls were put to flight: andwithail, thefaid 
 forragers and ewcl ers came running out ofthe fields,and from all parts made head and affronted 
 ihe Gtul' ; infomn h as they could neither flie readily nor eilape furely, becau'e theRomans with 
 their 'refli horiesfo.lowcdihemin chafe, and they themlclves were already tired: few therefore 
 went a IV ly with life,ind not one was taken priloner,for the greater part by odsp.Mddeailyby the 
 lofs of tiKir lives for violating of this their parly under the colour of truth and fidelity. TheRo- 
 mans whiie< their lioma.: ks were inflamed wiih anger.the very next day came againfl them with 
 thepuidan.eofall their forces. But the Cof. employed two whole daies himfelfin viewing and 
 dif:on.rngthefitnation and nature ofthe hill>becaufc he would not be ignorant of any thing re- 
 
 I><J"i t. Upon the third day,after he had firft taken the aufpices and prefages ofthe birds,and after- 
 Wjrds killed a faorihce^ heledforthhisarmy divided into ^ battaillons. Two of them were to 
 mount up the midit ofthe hill.& the other two he fet in the fides to flank the wings ofthe Gauls, 
 and to mir.h upagainft them.The Tei^ofages and Trocmions, who were thewholeflowerand 
 flfi.ngih ot the encmies,made their main battel in the mid(i,confjfting of 50000 men ; andbecaufe 
 the re was no ufeot horfe among ihofe rough & uneven rocks, the cavalry alight on foot to the 
 nuin «r of looco,and tho'.'ethey put in the right wing.TheCappadocians with yirhirates.S^thc 
 auxiiaryMor/iansvvhoarole to the number almoft of 4000 men,held the left. TheCor.(likeas 
 belore in the mount Olymfw) marfhalled his light armed for skirmifh in theforefronc ofthe van- 
 gardi&iiave order to have ready at hand as great Horeof darts Jc other fliotofall forts as he hai 
 
 £ before.When they approached one another.all things anfwered both of the one fde & the other, 
 like as in the former confli6t;laving that the courage of the viftorsincreafedinfegard of theirfor- 
 runat fiucefs & the hearts ofthe enemies were much abated and darned. For albeit themfelves had 
 not yet been foiled 5: vaqui{lied,yet they took the overthrow & lofs of their countrimen for their 
 own. And therefore as thcbeginningof thebattell was fntab!e,fo theiffoe waslikewife. For the 
 Gauls battellwas overfpread& covered again as it were with a cloud of light fliot. And not one 
 ofthemdurllrun forth out ofhisrange,tor fearhe nioulddifcoverhiswholebody &lay itopcii 
 to take all that came : and keeping flill together as theydid, the thicker theyltood the fairer mark 
 they were for the enemies to level at,& the more wounds they received. The Cof.perceiving they 
 were already of themfelves troubled. and fuppofing that if he fee forward & prefented unto thent 
 
 F the enfigns ofthe legions,they would immediatly allof them flie, received the light armed loofe 
 (Kotj&thereft of the auxiliary fouidiers within his own ranks andfileSiand then advanced hisle- 
 
 fions. "f he Gauls affrighted with the frelh remembrance ofthe late defeat and overthrow ofthe 
 oliftobo-ians, carrying alfo about themfelves the darts flicking in their bodies, weary befideS 
 with long ftandiiJ^ afoot,and overcharged likewife with many a wound, could not abide fo much 
 as the onfet and fhout of the Roman legions. Then began they to take their heels and flie to- 
 ward their camp, but few of them recovered it, and got within the rampier and other defences. 
 The greater number fled here and there on both hands, and difperfed themfelves into all parts 
 as't rook them in the head,and ascverymaninthisconfufedfriqht caught a way by himfelf.The 
 Conquerors followed them flill even hard to the very camp, and all the way charged upon their 
 ^backs and beat them down. Which done, iheyftaidand fluckflillinthe camplordefireofpil- 
 lageand there was not one that followed onefoot after.The Gauls in the wings flood to it longer, 
 by reafon that ir was later erethey were fet upon but able they were not to abide the firfl charge 
 and flioc ofthe Roman darts. The Con'ul, who conld not pofTibly pluck thofe out ofthe camp 
 that were once entted in forgreediuefsoffpoilingand riflingthctents,fentont thofe immediatly 
 that were in the wings to follow the enemies in chafe flill forward.Thefe puriued them a certain 
 fpacc : howbelt in this flight (for in truth it was no fight at^ll)thcre were not above eight thou* 
 
 fand
 
 8o2 "^1^ ^igf^^ ^^^ thirtieth Booi\^ fl»/T.Livius. 
 
 fand that lefc their carcafies behindchan, -all ihe reft recovered the other fide of the river Halys, H 
 Many of the Romans roiiiiined that night within the enemies camp; the tcf-t the Conful bronghc 
 back ag^in to his own. Thenextday he took account and lurvey of the pfitoners and prizes^ 
 which was lo great as a man would conceive that a nation of all others moH greedy of pilling and 
 fooiling might poflibiy rake and heap together forfo many years.astticy heid al. thofe parts with- 
 in the mountain [a .yhs by force ol arms, The Gauls thus ftattered inHight rallied themfelvcs in- 
 to one pUiC, as being many of them hurt or difarmed, and( ripped clean out of all they had fent 
 their Embaffadors unto the Confui to treat for peai.e. The Conful willed rhemtogiveatterdli'ncd' 
 upon him at £p f/}^/;himfelt'made halieto remove out ofthol'e cold quarters by reaon that the 
 mountain Taurus was Co near (for now it was the mid(i ot Autumn) and led ba^k his viitonous 
 army to pais the winter nc»r the feaiide. I 
 
 Whiles the affairs thus pafled in ^7?.;, all was quiet inthereff of the Provinces. At Romethe 
 Cer^ors r.Ofiintiw Fl-mtnwus and M.ClaudiM Marcelliumida new choice of Senators: and 
 P.Sdfto Jfma-iis W2S -horenthePrehdent os t;e Sen.it now the third time: four only were left 
 out and difcarded; but not one of them bad bon cfficeotSfate,ai!d bad tbchonourtoiit in the 
 Curiile chair. The Ccnfors flie wed them lefves likewife p.fling mi id in the review of the Cavalry 
 and order of K-ighthood. They put out to framing the foundations and ground works uponthc 
 j£quim&li'im in t!ie Capitoli: and likewife they bargained for to pave the lireet with bard flint 
 orpebble from the s^.'teC p J7«to the Temple of />^.ir'.The*_ampans demanded of the Senat, in 
 what pace they Oiou.d be alVefled and enrolled: and thereupon a decree palled for their enrol- ^ 
 mcnt *t Ramf. The rivers were out,and great deluges hapncd chat year. The 7)'^fr overflowed k 
 his banks twelve times iind drowned /W^r; field and alhhe oiv p^rt-; ot the City, 
 
 Alter th*t C>}. Manl.M the Conful had brought the G»u!s war to an end in ^Jia^ the other 
 Con.ul M.FulviM having utterly fubducd the iEtolians palled ov'er into C phalema ; and fent to 
 ail the Cities about the lllard terrain meflengers, toiound them whether they would rithcr yield 
 themfeivesunto theRomansorhazjrdthetorcuneofwar? And fo for ib e was fear among theoi 
 all,that there was not one perfon refufed to furrender. And being enjoyntd(according to rhe abi- 
 lity of the people who were but bare; to give ho(lages,the Nefiotes CraniensjPeleui-jansjard Sa- 
 mean? delivered twenty apiece. I his peaie no fooner flione upon the Cephalenians beyond all 
 theirexpeffjtionvbutfuddenly one City of the Sameans revolted, and upon whatcaufe iris not 
 known :<ht.mfe;vqs alledged and laid. That forafmuch as their City was feated in a commodiousX 
 ptsce ihey *eared greatly to bedipoffeffed and turned out of it by the Romans. Bur whether they 
 on'y imagined thi«ancf put themieiie.sintiight, and fo changed their quiet and repofelorvaiii 
 and foniifli feir: or whether there had beenqueftion hereof among the Romans. and upon much 
 canvaflingin mens mouth the rumour of fuch a matter, ran unco them jt is not certainly known: 
 Onjy t^'Us mu h, .after they had given their hoH ages, they lliut their City gates upon a fudden ; 
 apd dehli they would not from their enterprile, for alhhe entreaty r.nd prayers that their own 
 boltages made, yybom the Conful had lent (on purpofe) even under their walls, tomovetheir 
 countrimen and parents 10 pity and compalTion. Whenastherefore they would make no an- 
 f.ver tending .unro peace, the Conful began to aflault the City : and all the ordnance of artillery 
 aivJengins of battery were under his hand, which had been brought from the (\c°toi Ambmcia. j^ 
 And look what works ard fibricks wereneedfull behdes to be m,ide, the fou'diers with great 
 dil gen' e and forvvardnels performed. So in two places at once theyplanted rams againft the Ci- 
 ty and battered rhe wai s. The -^amsans on the other fide tor their part omitted and neglei^ed 
 BOihing, that might either annoy the enemy or impeach the works. Bur two things there were 
 principilly wherewith they maderefifiance and withftocd their violence : the one was, a counter- 
 mure within the City which they ever raifed new inftead of the old & fulasflrongas it waSjthat 
 Vv»s demoliflicd and broken down: the other was.cbeir often fuddeo fallies, one while upon 
 |he fortifications and fabricks, otherw hiles upon the corfi degtiard of the enemies : and for the 
 moftpart in thefeskirmifbes they had the better hand. But one mean there was devifed, and 
 the fame of fm 11 flievv to fpeakof, to reftrainand keep them in from Tallying forth, TheRo- f^ 
 'yllii^ti msnsfent to*e^jrf;/a,, 'f^'frf, and* D/»»<e, for an hundred flingers. Thefe nations from their 
 "p^M.or childhood ufed to exercifethemfelves ( afrerthemannerof the country ) to difcharge outof 
 •f/"rf»r<f*' ^''^p'' '"fo the open fea certain round ftones, which commonly the fhore is overfpread with 
 a'lth'cc towns *"^""S ^^^ fands : by reafon of which exercife, they have more skillbothtofling farther from 
 oL'tih^g. them and alfo to ftrike morefurely and give a fmarterrap and ftroI<eth«n thofe oftheBalear 
 Idands: for theirflingisnrt made wich one only cord as the Balearians are, and thofeof other 
 nations; butit hath three leather thongs hardned and made ftifif with manyfuturesand feames, 
 le(^ if the leathering were foi't and gentle, the bullet and (lone within fliould wag to and fro 
 and rollout in the delivery and hurling of it: but being fetled and coiinterpoifed (as it were ^ic 
 went merrily away, and fent and driven outof the noofe ofaflone-bow. And fo well pradtifedO 
 they were in this feat;that they couldagreat way off levell a bullet through garlands, rings, and 
 hoops of Imall compafs, and mils not : nay, they would befuretohit, not only the head of 
 an enemy, but any part of the face that they aimed at, pointWank, andncverfail, Thefeflings 
 (Ifay JmadetheSam;etns to pluck in their heads, thattbey durft not fally out neither fo often 
 per- obnldlyasthey did. Inlomuch as from the walls, they requefted the Achxans fori while 
 tp, gp afide and repofc themfelves, and fee them how they skirmiflied with the forpj</r£-»^r</ 
 l:-i[ of
 
 The eight and thirtieth Boo^ of T.Li vius. 802 
 
 ^ of the Romans. Four months fpace the Samawns endured the fiege. Now when of that fmall 
 number which they had, fome or other daily dropc away, and were either kiJied outright or 
 wounded ; and they that remained,were bodi tyred in body^and danted in courage; the Romans 
 . one nighc pafled over the wail,by the fortrelis which they call C]i^ij(t'ot the City where it boun- 
 dcth upon the $€a,lyeth toward the Weli) andentred fo far as the market place. After that the 
 Samians perceived that one part of the City was taken by the enemi«S;they fled with their wives 
 and children into a greater fortrefs, and the next day yeelded : the Town was ranfacked, and 
 they themfelves were all fold in open market, lo who would givemoli. 
 
 The Contul having fet tlw It J le ot CephaUma in good ordttjand put a garrifon within Samea, 
 pafled into PelofouMrfi^^ having been called and lent tor to come thither a long time, principally 
 gby ihe^tgians and Lacedemonians. Time outofmind,andlromthetirft beginning of the Diets 
 ot Achd.i-, the whole nation ufed to ailemblc and meet at t^gmw ordinafily, were it tor to grace 
 and honour the City, or becaufe the place was commodious therefore. This ancient cullome Pht- 
 lopasrMCfi that year began tirll to infringe, and went about to make a law and ordinance, That in 
 all the Cities of ^c/)iC.?, their Councels and Diets (liall beholden in courfe and order at their 
 times. And againft the coming of the Conliil, when the Demiurges of the frCe Cities and ftates 
 fnmmoned the Diet to be kept at Agium^ Phl'ipnemcn (Prctorfor that time) came withaccun- 
 tre-iummons and proclaimed it to be held at Argos. And when it was evident to be feen, that 
 they all in manner minded thither to refort ; the Conful alfo (albeit in affadion he favoured the 
 j£guns^came to ^rg^oj : where, after much debate, feeing the matter growingthe other way be 
 Q defiftedfromhisdelign and gave over the caufe. After tliis^the LaLedaemonians averted him from 
 thence, and drew him away to the deciding of tlieir controverhe:? and dillentions. Certain ba- 
 niflied pcrfonsthey were who moll of all dilquieted and troubled that hate: and many of them 
 had their abidingplace in the Caftles coaliing alongthe frontiers of the Laconian territory toward 
 the Sea, which was taken wholly from the City. The Lacedaemonians much dilcontented and 
 offended hcreat,entred one night a certain borough called * L^waiirprifcd it unawares to the in- *ty^^f,i^ 
 habitants, and kept it to their ufe: to the eod,thatifneed wereat any time to lend Embafladors 
 to Rome or elfe whither, they might have fomefree accefs untoche Sea: and withal, be fcrved of 
 a mart-Town for vent, and a place of receit for all forrain merchandife from iirangers to their ne- 
 ceffary ufes. The Townfmen within, as alfo the exiles aforefaid (there dwelling) were terrified at 
 jw the firft with this fuddain and unexpefted occurrence: but afterward (before day-light) when 
 they had once rallied themlelves together, with fmall ado and skirmifh chafed forth the Lacedae- 
 monians : bowbeit, the fear fpred over all theSeacoaft, fo that in onegeneral accord,the CaHles 
 and Villages every one, yea, and the exiled perfons (as many as there inhabited) difpatched their 
 EmbaflTadors to the Acha^ans. Philopxmen their Pretor (who ever from the beginning friended, 
 thecaufe of thebaniQied,and had alwaiesadvifed and counfelled the Achsans to abate and take 
 down the puiflancc and reputation of the Lacedcemonians) granted them at their fuit and fcck- 
 ing, aDiet. In which (upon a motion by him made) there palled a decree in this form: That 
 whereas T, Quint !n^ and the Romans, had committed and delivered to the fafeguard and prote- 
 dion of the Achoeans, the fortrefles, burroughs, and villages, funatealong the Sea-coall of the 
 £ Laconian?, and ( by vertoe of a covenant and accord^ the Lacedxmonians had nothing to do 
 therein, but ought to forbear them ;and yetnoiwithllanding,theTown/.-(j was by themtorced, 
 and a great mallacre there committed : therefore unlefs the principals and acceffjries both of 
 that outrage, were yeelded to the Achxans, they deemed the covenant and accord in that behalf 
 provided, to be broken. Hereupon incontinently were Embafladors addreflcd to L.icedamoni to 
 challenge and demand the parties abovefaid : but the Lacedxmonians took this for fo proud a 
 commandment, and thought It fuch an Indignity, that without all doubt, it they had been in as 
 good effate thcui as fomeiimcs they wcrCjthey would immediatly have taken arms. But nothing 
 troubled and difquietcd their fpirits fomuch as this, forfearlelHf once they received the yoke of 
 fubjeC^ion upon their necks, in yeelding obediencetoiheirfirft demand, Phtlopaeme-ft would 
 pCffecf and put in execution that which he long intended and went about; even to deliver the City 
 Laced^moM into the hands of the banilbed atorefaid. Enraged therefore with choler and anger, 
 they fell upon thirty of that fadHon who were complotred in counfel with P hiiopccffjen znd the 
 exiles, and flew them out-right ; and withal made a decree, To renounce and reje6t all fociety 
 with the Acha:ans ; and forthwith to lend their Embafladors to Cfp/Wf;;).t, withcommiirion, to 
 deliver Laced£mo-4 unto M.FuI-vim and the Romans; and tobefeechhim to take the pains to 
 come into Pelopomiefus, thereto receive the City Laccdttmon under the oheifance and protedion 
 of the people of /Jfl/wf. When the Embafladors had made relation hercot to the Achaeans.pre- 
 fently war was proclaimed againft the Lacedimonians by common confent of aU the flates of that 
 aflembly and general councel : but the winter impeached them for entring into any action and 
 j^prcfent execution, Howbeit they made fmall rodes into thdr frontiers, and walkd the lame not 
 only by Land- but alfo by Sea, after the manner of robbery and piracy, rather than of warlike ho- 
 ftiliry. Thefe troubles drew iheCof. into P eloponnefut , and by his commandment a Diet waspu- 
 blifl.ed to be holden at Flu ; and thither were the Lacedxmonians fent for to argue and debate 
 their caiM'e. Where there was not only much reafoning and difpute, but alfo wrangling and alter- 
 cation. TheConfnlwho InotherpointsbarehimfeU nicelycnough, and anfwered in doubtful 
 terms- as one willitjg to entertain both parts, determined and ended the controverfie in one only 
 
 Z /. / word, 
 
 I
 
 The eight anithmtethBoo\ o/T.Livius; 
 
 wordjwarningibem boihioputiipcheirfwordsjand lay arms afidejUndl they had fent their Em- H 
 bsffadors to the Senate of Rome. So there were embatiages addrclTed both from the one and the 
 other to iJowf. Inlikewile the banifhed Lacedemonians joined their caule and embafly with the 
 {■^ch'SWi.Diofhayits^nd Lycortas,\>ox.\\ MegapolitansjWere the chief in the embaflage ofthe Achae- 
 ans, who asthey jarred and diUgreedinthe managing of State-atfairs, fo they ajTcorded noibuc 
 varied in the fpeeches that they delivered.D;c/?/?<j;3ej referred thedecifion of all matters untothe 
 Senat.as who were bell able tocompoleall controverfies between the Achxans andLacedxmo- 
 rians. But ^^ycortoi., inHrudedby P^-/(?/ia'Wf«, required that the Achxans might do and execute 
 whatl'oever they had ordained, accordingto the covenant,and the conditions therein comprifed; 
 and that they would maintain their lull liberty without abridging and empairing the famc.accor- 
 ding as ihey bad received it at their hands. The nation of the Achxans in thole daies was in great I 
 credit and reputanon ac Rome, howbeit the Senate thought it not good to make any change and 
 alteration in the State of the Laccdimonians. In conclulion, they returned t'uch an intricate and 
 doubtful anfwer,that both the Achxans might conftrue it .as ifchey had permiflion and free liber- 
 ty to do what they would with Lacedtemon, and the Lacedaemonians again took it,as though they 
 had not fo largealcope and abfolute power allowed them, as to do their pleafnre in every thing. 
 But this authority and liberty whatfoever it was, more or lefs, the Achians ftretched beyond all 
 meafureand compafs, and uled it too proudly and infolently. '/'/x/^fawe^ continued (lill in place 
 ot foveraign government, and levied a power to be ready in the beginning of the fpring, and fo 
 encamped upon the frontiers of the Lacedaemonians. This done, he lent his Embamdors to de- 
 mand the delivery of them into hishands,who were the authors ofthe revolt jpromidng withal, K 
 that if they w ould fo do,their City fhould remain in peace without any moleflationiand they (of- 
 fer and fullain no harm, before they had anlwered for tbemfelvesinopen audience. All the reft 
 for fear kept filence andfaidnota word, only they whom he had challenged byname, made otfer 
 of themfeUesto go, under fafe conduit received from theEmbaffadors, and faithful promifc that 
 no violence fhould be done upon their perfons,until they had pleaded their anfwer. Accompa- 
 nied they were with divers noble pcrfonages of great mark and name .both as advocats uoio them 
 in their particular quarrels, and alio in regard ofthe Common- weal, as far as their private canfc 
 any way touched and concerned it. Never had the Achxansbefore time brought the Lacedaemo- 
 nian exiles with them into the confins oi Lacedamoit^otciul't they fuppoled that nothirgmight fo 
 much alienateandeltrange the hearts ofthe whole City as that, Butthen the whole bpad,asit L 
 were,of the vanguard,were no other but thofebanifhed peifons. And as the Lacedxmonians a- 
 bovefaid werecoming,who fhould meet and affront them arranged in order of battel at the very 
 gate oi the camp but they ? At the firrt they welcomed them with chiding and railing, after that 
 they fell to bitter words and br.'.uls, and their bloud was up on both fides, infomuih asthofeof 
 the banilhedcrew who were of hotteft fpiritand fharpeft metal,made no more ado but ran upon'' 
 the Lacedxmonians: whereuponthey called the Gods to witnefs, and cried to theEmbaffadors 
 forprotedion ; v,'ho together with the Pretorhimfelf came between, voided theprefs, and late- 
 guarded the pcrfons ofthe Lacedxmonians, empeaching and (layingfome o' their hands who^ 
 were already about to bind them and make them fure. But the tumult Hill encreafed, and the 
 multitude was all upon a hurrey. The Achxans ranfirll to fee only what the matter was,and to ^ 
 be looker; on. But afterwards, when the exiles began with a loud voice to cry out, and report 
 what wrongs and injuries they had fuflained, befeeching them of their help,and avouching wiih- 
 all right confidtnrly, that if they let flip this opportunity, they fhould never have the like again, 
 alledgip'4 moreover, That the league firH made in the Capitol.after renued at 0/)'w;)/<t,andlaftof 
 all confirmed by a facred oath in the Calilc of y^r/.^wj, had been broken and difanulled by them, 
 and therefore the guilty and culpable parties were to be punifhed accordingly before they entred 
 into any bond of new accord. At thefe words the multitude w as incenfcd , and by occafion of one ■ 
 mans voyce, who cried to flrikeand knock them down, fell to flinging ftones at them. And by 
 this means feventeen of them, who during the garboil chanced to be tied in bonds, werefloned 
 to death. ThcreR tothenumberoffixand thirty, were the next morrow apprehended, whom jj 
 the Pretor h^d fliieided and prcteffed from violence, not for any defire he had to fave their lives, 
 but becaufc he would not have them mifcarry and perifh before they were heard. Thefe were 
 prefented and exposed as a prey to the unruly and angry multitude: and when they bad made fomc 
 fmall fpeech unto them, from which they turned away their ears, they were all condemned and 
 delivered over to be led to exec ution. When the Lacedxmonians were once put in this fear,then 
 they were commanded, /w/)r/»;if,Todemolifli and break down their walls. Item^ That all for- 
 rain auxiliary fouldiers, who were waged andfervcd for pay under the tyrants, fliould avoid out 
 ofthe Laceniancountrey. /cc;7s. That allthe flaves whom thofe tyrants had fet free (and of fuch 
 there was a great number) fliould depart before a certain day; and that it might be lawful tor the 
 Achxans to attach the bodies, to fell and carry away as many as ftaied and remained behind, q 
 Item., That they flmuld abolifh the laws, ordinances and cufloms of Lvc«r?«J". and frame thcm- 
 fclves to live afrerthe fafluons and manners ofthe Achxans, for fo they fliould be incorporate 
 into one civil bodv,and better accord and fort together in all things. They condefcended to none 
 ofali thefe condition"^ more willingly and fooner, than totheraiing of their walls, andnothipg 
 troub.'cd rhem fomnch and vexed their heart, as the refloring of the banifhedperfons. Howbeit 
 there paflcd an ail at Jerea for their reftiiution in s general Councel of all the Achxans there held. 
 
 Id
 
 i^e eigoi ana wirnetu i^oof^ of i .Livius. 
 
 805 
 
 ^ In which affembly, upon a reporc and mercion made, mat tht mercenary Hrangers above fpeci- 
 ficdjand the new unrolled Lai edimoni.'ns nAcdi^Jcipii (for lo they it rmed them, who by the 
 tyrants were enfranchifed and endued with freedom; had abandoned theCity,and weredepjrred 
 fundry waies into the ccuntrey, it wai t ought good bcorc chearmy wasdiflblved and cafled 
 that the Pretor fhould go with a company ii^htly armed and appouncd-io lay hold upon all that 
 fortof people, and makelaleot thcm,asot"aprizeand bootj ^^.umd from the enemies. Many of 
 them were apprehended and lold. And with the money railed (;t iheni, il;at porch or Gallery at 
 MeralopoUsjWhi-h had been ruinate by the LacedimonianSjWas by iheptrmillionofthe Aihxans 
 reedified, Likewile the territory ot r,dii„a, which the L.Kcdimonian tyrants unjrdly held in 
 fofleffion, was laid again to that City, according to anold deirceofiije A. hsans, whidi was 
 g made during the reign otK*mg f, dip, fon di Amynias, TIteC.ity ot' the Late dr.monians by this 
 means muvh enfeebled, continued a long time in fubjcdion and tiiraldom under the Achxans. 
 But their Stace received damage by no one thina fomudi, as by the ahoiifiiingof thedifcipiine 
 <A ^jcurgw \o whii-h they had been ukd anda.tulirmcdfor thefpaLeofycoyears. 
 
 Prelencly after the holding oUhisDiec, when-inthe Achrcans and Luedsm-'inians debated 
 iheir caufe> before the Conlul, M. ^hIviw repaired to ao,7?.'< for that the year wa? almofl expi- 
 red^ again(i the folemnele^btionofnewMagJHrats ; wherein he creued for Conmls, A'.FJe- 
 riuf M.jfaLh and C. Ltv/us Sa!i>7a'or, and gave the repulfe to Af, t/£m)l!Hs L<prd>i> his enemy, 
 who that year m,ide fuit ahotobeConUil. This done, there were Pretors alfo chofen, to wit, 
 Q^A!artuti fhiiippur, M.CLiudms Mnrccll:is.,C. Stertinius^ C. C.ttinius-, P. Cl-'i:dius Ptilcher^ and 
 ^- ^ t,M. AfA>ihns Aadintis. When this eleilion was ended, it was thought expedient that M.Fulvhis 
 flwuld return into hisformer Province to the army there .'and r,ot only he.but hi'; colleague alfo 
 : ' <r«,Mrf«/r«f,hadtheircommiirion revived,and they continued in government another yejr. The 
 ■'"fame year according to the ditettion of the Decemvirs, there was brought into the Temple of 
 '"Heaths the (htue ok the lame God: and within the Capitol were fct up by C^. Ccrw/;«;)ix 
 (teeds in gold drawing a chariot with this infcription, That hebeingConlulgavethat prefent. 
 r^ Alfo-P.r//Mi-<//«;and S.Sulfitms 6<i/^<f,.£djles Curule, hung uptwelvebrafeo fliield?^ made of the 
 ' fines th«t certain corn-hoorders paid, for hoording up and keeping in their grain. Moreover ^. 
 ftilvins FlaccHs^n yEdile of the Commons, ereifted two golden images rqifed of themony thac 
 '- one guilty perfon was condemned in (forthey commenced their ac^lions feverally by ihemlelves.) 
 ? 'i. Asfory^.Ccc/7<«^hiscompanion,he condemned none. The Roman greatgames were fet forth all 
 tbrooghout, thrice : and the Plebeian plaies exhibited likewife full and whole, five times. 
 i. After this, M. Vderitts yiejfiil.t and C. Livius Saliyiator, entred their Confulfhip upon the » . ... 
 ^' * I5.diy of Mrfr<r^,and propofed before the Senat as concerning the aflfairs of the State,touching "*'''"sMin/ 
 ''^ their P'rovinccs alfo, and the armies. As for JEioliaiod Afniy there was no change at all. The 
 ''^■ConfuKbyadecreeof the Senat had the charge,one of A/iytogether with theLigurians; and the 
 ^'.^'iother ^({JmI: and they were commanded either to agree between themfelves, or tocalt lots for 
 r^'-ifheir Provinces. They were enjoyned alfo to levy new armies, and each of them to enrol two ie- 
 *^^-gion?, and either of them to chargethealliesoftheLatineNationwith 15000 foot, and 1200 
 ^"'horfemen. Unto Mp/^/<« fell the government of Lr^wi-w rand 10 Saltmt or oi Gaul. After this,the 
 ^ Pretors likewife caft lots for their Provinces .• the jurifdiftion within Rome of citizens was allot- 
 ted to M. C//te^'.'.'f,and offorainersto P.CLiudint. Sicilyio Q.\^\artius^Sf.rd»!/ixoC.Sterti»iHt^ 
 high Spitinto L, Mafilins. and the low to C. Atintus, As for thearmies, ordained it was, thatthe 
 krgionsnndertheconduftof C. Lic/<«/fliouldbe withdrawn out of G^;*/, and made over to M. 
 TttccTUi the Propretor fottofcrve in the Brutians country, ttem^ That the forces which were in 
 5/(r///fltodld be difc barged: and that y>/. 5?m>;i>-c>wV// the Vice-pretor there, fliould bring frota 
 thence the fieer to Rome. Ordained likewifeit was, that either of the Provinces of S;>^/«{hould 
 haveonelegion,whichatthattimeferved there; and that both the Pretors fliould for fupply levy 
 of the allies three thoufand foot, and two hundred horfemen apiece, and tranfport the fame over 
 with them. Now before that thefe new Governors went to their Provinces, by order fromthe 
 p whole cslledge and fociety ol the Decemvirs, there was pnblillied a general proceflfion and fup« 
 plication to beholden for3 dayesinallthequarrelours orcrofsHreets oftheCity:forthat in the 
 day time between the third hour and the fourth, there aro'e a general darknes which continued 
 almoltail that while. Moreover,aNov€ndialfacrifice was publiflied to be celebrated for 9 dayes 
 together, becaufe cmthe Aventinehillit had rained floncs. 
 
 The Campans, when as the Genfors (by vertue of an aft of Senate which paffed the former 
 year) compelled them to be enrolled at Rome, (for aforetime they knew not where to be enrol- 
 led) made petition row that they might contraft marriages and take Roman citizens to their 
 wives ; and that whofoever hid wedded anyofthem before, might keep them flill ; and what 
 children foever theyhad born before thit day, fhould be reputed legitimate and their rightfull 
 Q heirs. Both fuits were granted. As concerning thefreeburgeffes of Forw''e,F««^/,and./rfrpi,-«7w, 
 r. Valerius T.ippo a Tribun of the Com. preferced a bill, that they might be priviledged to give 
 their vol: es in A'flwr: for before thst time, citizens in deed they were of ^owe, ('and that was all) 
 for liberty of fnffrages they had none. This bill was croffcd and nipped by four other Tribuns,be- 
 CTT'e it was propounded wirboot the warrant and approbation of the Senate. But beingafter- 
 wirl-bettetadvifedandenformed, rhat it appertained to the people and not to the Senate to 
 give their voices where it plcafed them, they gave over their enterprife, and oppofed themfelves 
 
 Zz:z 2 no
 
 g^5 i ^^ ^^g^^ ^'^^ tbmiew hooli of X.Livius, 
 
 Dv more to hinder the proteedin^ thereof. So it pafled; andcnatSeoii was That the Formians H 
 ard Fiirdans ihou d give their \ cues in the tribe k^mylta ,& the Arpinats in ComtUa-.io in tbelc 
 tribes then i.rlt and never btfore, were they enroikdby ana6^ofthelamer<j/fr/«j-. Ai.CUn^ut 
 ^l^acffrtWthcCenioriooKaiurveyof theCity,andby lot obtained thepre-tminenretbercot be- 
 fore his coheague T, gamins. In wbiLh there wtrenumbred 258308 pohs of Roman citizens. 
 This review being accomplifhed, the ConiuJs took their journeys into their leverai provinces. 
 
 During that winter lealon whiles thefe things thus pafled at Kome-, there reiorted tmbaflages 
 from allSc tcs.Ci ies and Nations which inhabit on this hde Taurus, noto CV;.Mrfa/;//^ hrfi Con- 
 ful and ^ tterwards Pro-conlul, whiles he kept his winter in AJia. And as the vidory atchicvcd 
 over /?«f/c(r to was more honorable and glorious to the Romansjthanth J t o^ertheGauls/oihe 
 corquelt oftheG^uli was morcjoyousandpleafing totheRomanallies, than that other of >4»- j 
 tjochus. lor the it rvitnde in which the King held them was more tolerable than thecrueltyof 
 thefe lavage : nd inhumane barbarians, and the doubitul fear and fright wherein they Hood e>ery 
 day ; as not knowisg how far forth they would proceed, carried fo (as it were) in a tempeh to 
 wali and Ipoil them Ucan. And therefore asnstions who by the defeat of ^»f/oc/3»j recovered li- 
 brrty ,ard by the fubduing ot the Gauls enjoyed peace.they preiented themfeUes not only to give, 
 thanks and fliew their contentment iii that behalr,but alfo brought with them certain coronets of 
 ooid e\ery one according to theirabi.iiy. Likewil'e there came Embaffadors from AhitocLiis^^t 
 ai.o from the very Gauis, to have ccditions of peace miniftred unto them : yea, and from ArtA' 
 rates Kinc ot tne Cappadocians, wbo craved pardon, and offred to buy out his irefpals for mony, 
 in that he had given aid unto Anuochus: and fined he was to pay 200 talents of filver. The k' 
 Gauls had thi- anfwcr rcinrned unto them, That K.£«»jf«fj when hecamefliouid tender unto 
 them articles of peace. The tmbaflages of the other Oates and cities were diimifled with gracious 
 anfvvers,?nd went away better pieafed and contented, than they were at their commg. The Lm^ 
 bafladors of Afitiochns were commanded tobring mony into Pa»iph)ifa,3nd corn iikewitejaccpj^f 
 dino to the covenant made with L.Safto: for thither the Conful purpofed himlelftoci me with 
 bis army. After this haangtaken a review and furvey of his forces, he fet forward in ihebegin- 
 ningof fpring, and within 8 daies arrived at ^j^^wfi. There he fojourned in camp for ihre? 
 daies: from thence hereaioved, and at the third daies end came to Pamfhylia-, whither he had 
 given order to the Kings Emf'jfladors loconvcy their mony and corn. There he received 1500 
 tjlentsot (liver which were tun ported unto hfamea. The corn was divided in the army. From j 
 thence he marched to Perg. which was the only country in thole parts held with a garriloo.. 
 When be approached, the Captain of the garrilon met him on the way requeuing 50 daies fpace 
 in whi h time be might.know the p ealure ofK. \ni:iochKs as touching the rendring of that City. 
 The time was gr nted dndwuhin that day the garrilon quit the pbce and departed. l-rom/'rrf>» 
 he lent his brother LM-nbi*s with 400 fouidiers to Oroanda for todemand the reft of the mony 
 whichbj ptomiie was due: and himieif became he was advertifedibatK.£«»;fwj and the depu- 
 ties orcommiflioners were come from Romt ioEpbtfns, retired with his army alfo to Ephefiu,ind, 
 commanded t'.etmbafl-dor of ^;5f/9r/;f«tofo;low him thither. There, by the adciceofthe 
 tentomm'flioner-,' f'nal le. gue wa>;concluded,and compriied inthefecr fuchlike terms: There 
 fliali be amity and friendlliip between King A^jnochftsiod thepeopleofiSowcunderthefecondi- w 
 tions enuiint;, Impi^imis, The King fliall not fuffer to pafs through any part of his realm j or their 
 countries that are under his dominion any army th.t imendeth to make waragainft the people of 
 ^owf or their aflb' iats, nor aid them witir viduals orany other fuccourwhatl'oever. Itew.The 
 Romansand their.dl esihaildotheli-<eby Annochus, and ail thofe that are under his fubjeftioD. 
 Itetj It fliall not be lawml for ^;j//fC/v*feitherto makewarwith t hofe that inhabit the llands, 
 or to pafs over into Emopf. /r^wj. He fliall quit all Cities, Lands, Villages,and Fortreflesonthis 
 fide the mountain T.mus unto the River 1 a»au ; and moreover irom the foot and valley under 
 the laid hill,unto that ridge thereof whi h bendcth toward Lycaonia, ItenhOm of thofe Towns, 
 territories, and CalUes whii h he is to void he fliall carry away no armour: and if he have con- 
 veyed from them e any aiready,he fliall duly reft ore thefatne to every place accordingly. Ptem He j^ 
 fhall rerei\e neitherfonldicrnorsny other penon out of the Kingdom of £«»;»ff. /f<fw,Ifany 
 citizens belonging tothoieCities which are difmen bred and cut off from his realm, chanceto 
 remain now with him they fhall return all to Apameamth'in a certain day. Item, As many asapr 
 pertaintothe Kingdom oi A nnochas andarenow with the Romans or their allies, may depart 
 home or tary (^ill at their p'eafure. Item Al]flaves,wheihertbey befugitivesor taken captive in 
 vvar;!ikewiie allother pcrfons fVeeof'Oi dition before, and afterwards either taken p'ifonersot 
 revolted,he fliall deliver again to the Romans and their allies. Item^Hc fliallmake delivery of all 
 hisElephants,andfli.iliproiide him elf of no more hereafter. Iten> He fliall yeeld up all his Gal- 
 lies of war, with the tackling to them belonging: neither fliall he keep above ten fmall veflels^ 
 and noneofthem flial; have more thmthirry oars to guide and row them ; nor fo much as ohCq 
 'Galley with a fingle bank of oars to fen e in. '.ny war that himielfflialifirft begin. Item He fhall 
 not fail within the promontories of r<«/'f'?^»«'' and .s'"'pf</9».un!ers haply there be fomefhipthac 
 brinseth mony,EmbaflaJors, or hoftagc-T. /, *.» It fliall not Se hwfnl for King Antiochns to levy 
 and wage any fouldiers nut ofthofe nations wbj. h are fuhjcd to the people of /?,vwf ; no, nor to 
 enfertainfomufh as voluntaries from thence, htm What honfc.'jandedifiies be'onging tothc 
 Rhodians and their allics,are now within thepreciniU ofthe realm ofA»rw/;»x,fhall return to 
 
 the
 
 Ib^ eight a7id thirtieth Bool^ of T.Livius. 807 
 
 ^ jd^ thefaidRhodiansandtheiraffociatSjinasftoodellateandtenorasrhey werebeforethe vvarbe- "" 
 
 K gan. AndiFanymonyordebts be to themduf ihey m ly demand .na re.overthefame. Iiem,lf 
 WL ought have been taken from them, tney ihaii navegood Lw andntjht to learch, own, demand 
 ^ and challenge it again, /rrw, If any otthofc Cities whiJi oi]o,,t tobcrendred, be held bythofe 
 unto whom ylntiochus hath committed them, he fliali witharavv ihc garrilons from thence, and 
 take order th.!C they beiurrcnared ac; ordingiy. iti-m He fliailpay vvithintwelveyearsby even 
 portkins? 12000 Attic k talent? of good and lawful filver: proudi.d, that every talent weii,ii no 
 lefs than eighty pound after Roman poife; bef:des 540U00 moJii of wheat. y;r>.v, Hefli.tilpay 
 unto Kinc; ft«wfr« 5^0 talents withinfive years ; .mJ for torn according to the rate and pro- 
 portion J 27 talents, /ff WjHe fhall fend unto the Romans 20 hoUages, and change them tor o- 
 5 thers every three years: provided, that they be not under 18 years of .ge,nor above 45. /tc'/»,l( 
 any allies 01 the people of AVwr, begin of their own motion to make w^r upon Kin^; ^;;f/fl(r/>;//j 
 it fhall belawtiii for him to revenge himfelf, and iKeforiible means to wiihHand their violence; 
 yetfo,as he hold no City in right ofwar, nor receive any into amity : and all controverfcs which 
 fhall arife between them fhall be decided by Uwar.d jiiHi. e; or if both panics be fo pleafed they 
 flialltrie iheifliie by force ofarms. /rf?w, it wascomprifedalfo within the covenants of this ac- 
 cord, That hefhould deliver into the Romans hands, yi«w^j/the Carthaginian, T^i^/i^ the j£to- 
 lian, A/».!y;»j<?f/.i«/the \carn3n1an, £/.'^;//«i likewife -"nd /'^//^ the Chilcidians. Finally, if 
 ought hereafter hapned to be aoded moreover, or changed otherwife the fame in no tae to pre- 
 judice any thing contained within the covenants aforefaid. To this accord theConfulfware; and 
 C to receive the Kings oath likewife there went unto him Q^. A^lmitint Tb-. rmtn and L. MayslntSy he 
 who fortuned at that time to return from theOroadians. And theCof. wrote his letters to j^ 
 Tab.Lateo Admir«l ofthe fieei, prefently to come to Patera, and what fliips I'oever of the Kingj 
 werethere,to hew them inpieces, and make a light fire bf them. So he departed from £p/jf/v/, 
 and either brake into fitters or burnt, 50 covered Hiips belonpir.g to the King. In the fame \ oyage 
 and exploit he furprifed and won Tc/meftts, by reafon that the Townfmen were lb affrighted at 
 the fuddain coming ofthe fleet. Thenforthwith he departed out of Lycia, and having given or- 
 der to thofe that were left behind at Ephcfas to follow after, hecroffed the Seas (between the 
 Hands) over into Greece. After he had fojourned fomefewdaiesat >^f/;f///,untilthe fhipsfrom 
 Ephefnj wereentred into the harbor of ?;?-<«««»: from thencehe brought back his whole armado 
 jj to Italy. C».Mjiiilins)M\\x\g received (among other things which were to be yeclded up of Anti- 
 ochus) the Elephants alfo,and beftowed them all freely upon Eumif-^es, gave audience to the con- 
 troverliesofmany Cities and|Statcs,amonglf whom (during thefe changes and nlterationsjtheri 
 arofe fundry troubles and much variance. And Ariarate^ the King, who by the means and media* 
 lion olEtiwgyiei (unto whom about that time he had affianced his daughter in marriage) wasdifr 
 charged and had acquittance for the one moity ofthe mony impofed upon himcntred into amity 
 with the people o^ Rome. When the differences ofthe Ciiies aforefaid were debated and known, 
 the ten Commiflioners fet down an order between them, refpeff ively to their condition. To as! 
 many as had been tributaries to King Antiochus^ and yet fided with the people of A'owc in affefti- 
 on they granted franchife and immunity : but as many as took part with ylnttochits, or were tri-^ 
 £ butaries unto King Atulntytho'ic were commanded to pay their cu(f oms and duties to King E«- 
 menes. Moreover, they freed and exempted from all task and tallage (exprefly by name) the CoJ .. » 
 
 lophonians inhabiting /Vom/w^toj^etber with theCymeans aid the Milefians. Unto the Clazo- 
 nemians (overand befides the famefreedom) they gavethe Hand Dryw.i^A. To the Milehans alfo 
 the territory called %acer : to the Ilians^ they annexed Rhttteum and Gcyi^ithus-noi lo much for any 
 frelh and late deferts,as inmemorial of theirancient beginning and foundation ; wbiih wasthe 
 caufe alfo that they itiD.v/dxnus^i^^c. Semblably theChians, Smyrneans, and Erythrxans, fot 
 thejr fingular loyalcy and devoir which they Hiewed in that war they not only indowed with fair 
 lands and rerrtroriesi but alfo graced with all kind of honor and reputation above the relf. More- 
 over ,the Pho'-ceans had both their ownlands rcflored untothem which they enjoyed before th6 
 p war. and alfo liberty to live under their ancient laws. As for the Rhodians,tbey had thofe things 
 now confirmed and eff ablifl^ed unto them, which by a former decree were granted : and to bettet 
 their efhte, it<r«! and C4 /V? were beff owed upon them, asfar as theRiver M-cr^^cr, allfa\ethe 
 City Telme^HS. Unto the dominion ofKing Etimeues, they laid Cherfrrfus in Europe ; and r.y/t- 
 fft.ichia, with all the Cif^les, Villages, andLands- thereto belonging, in as large terms and ample 
 mmner as Ayitiocbtis held the fame : alfo within Afi.t. the one and the other Phrrfri-h as well that 
 which confioerh upon H<-ile(fn;iti as the other which they call the Greater. Moreover, theyre- 
 ftored unt9 him Myft.i-, which King PrnfiM\\:iA takenfrom him : overand befdes,Z.!r<ji9»f4,My- 
 li<u, and TA'fiJ.i ; torerher with thefe Cities by fpecial name, "Tralhis. Efhrfu!, ard Teln:cjf-^. As 
 touching P.i^p,';;'// ; foTie debate there was between the Agents of £«w£w/and the Embaffadors 
 G for Anti-'chui h^' y.n^<i o-z part thereof is fituat on this fide the.mount T".7//r/y/,and the otherlyeth 
 beyond, "flie'de-ifion of this conrrovetfy was wholly referred tothe sr'ijtrement of theSenat. 
 M^/A.-i having ferdown the'> covenants and decrees, departed with the ten Legates and alibis 
 ar-nyro^ai'd TJe'l ff • it ; and when he hid -"an fed the Princesof the Gauls thither torepairbe*- 
 fore h'm he <}e:la:ed unro them in what terms and under what conditions they flioiild cnter- 
 f- ^ pea e ■i^^\hE-m"iie::U therewith he gave them warning.to leave their manner of in roding 
 and roving in hotlile wile by for^e of arms- and to contain themfelves within the precinfls and 
 
 Z, z z -^ bounds
 
 go8 '^ ^^ ^^g^^ ^^^ thirtieth BooJ\^ o/T.Livius. 
 
 bounds of iheir own territories. After this,having gathered into one place all the velk Is from \l 
 ihebeacoalls, together with theemire flote of King £»/»««i?^, which by his brother ^f/jf?,tf«x 
 was brought from Eiea, he tranfported all his forces into £«?-ep^. From whence he matched 
 through C/)^/-/o;???<'/«-' by fhort J: ealy journies-becaufehis army was heauiy charged with prizes 
 and booties ol alHbrts; and encamped izLyfimachia^ purpohng there to reft a whiie,totheend 
 that his travelling beafts of draught and cariage, might be frefh and in good heart to pafs through 
 Thriicia\vh\i:\\ was a voyage and journey commonly feared and abhorted. The fame day that he 
 diflodged from Lyftmachi^t he came to the River which they call Mtlas^ and from thence the 
 next day to Cv;/^/**. When ihey werepalt Cyp/j/d.they hadfor ten miles almolt no other way ,but 
 through wild woods, narrow Hreights, and thoi'e rough withal and uneven underfoot. For the 
 di fti- uity of which pafiagCjihe army was div ided into two parts.The one hejcommanded to march j 
 before,the other to come behind in the rereward a great diliance after,and in the midfl between, 
 he beliowed the carriages with bag and baggage, and amongft them were waggons and wains, 
 T ' loden with the publick treafurejand other pillage of great price. As he thus marched through c^e 
 
 flreioht pafs. there were alout looooand not above, i aifed out offour nations of ^77^, to wit, 
 the Art iansjCxnians Maduarcnes.and Cccletes, who befet the rtreights to debar them of paffige. 
 It was fuppofed that King Thilip oiS^jcedoaji his hand was herein, and that they entred not into 
 this action without his priuty and fraudulent pra(ftife"-who as he knew that the Romans could re- 
 turn no other way but by Thrac:a, \o he was aware and will well enough what a mafs of money 
 ihey carried with them. The Roman General himfelfwasin the vanguard ^careful only and trou- 
 bled about the difficulty of the way. All this while the Thracians fat liill and (lirred not,until the j^ 
 armed fouldicrs werepaffed by. Biit when they perceived once,that the vanguard was gotten out 
 of the rtreights.and that the rereward was far enough behind,they fell in hand with the packs and 
 coffers of the carriages;and after they had killed theguards feme of them ranfacked and rifled that 
 which was in the waggons, others led away thepaikhorfesand other fumpter bealis with their 
 load and burden on their ba.ks. Hereupon arofe a cry and alarmand was firrt heard ofthofethat 
 folio wed, but afterwards of them alfo in the foreward fcfo from both ends they ran to the midfl, 
 and at one time indivcrfeplaces-skirmifhcd vvithout al; order confufedly. The Thracians heavily 
 charged and encumbered with pillagCjandmort of them without any weapon at all,becaufe they 
 might have the ufe'of their hands more nimble and agile to fnatch & catch unto them their prizes, 
 were by this means more expofcd to receive hurt, andjfoon killed. The Romans again w 
 were much dilireffed and annoied through the diLidvantage of the ground and the waies; which 
 the barbarous people were well enough acquainted with, and out of them would iffuelorih to 
 encounter, and otherwhiles lurk within hollow blind caves,and not be feen. The v cry packs like- 
 wife and the vv3ggons,fiandingand lying unto wardly in the vvay,fometime of oncjand fometime 
 of other (as it hapned) troubled and hindred them much in their fight. So as here in one place 
 lay the theefdead, there in anotfjerthetrue man that purfued him. And according as the plot of 
 ground was good or bad. as well for the one fort as the other, as their hearts and courages ferved 
 or failed tbtm and as the number was more or lefs^'b the skirmifh and fight was variable: and in 
 one word otboth fides many a man fay in the dull andlolf his life. By which time the night ap- 
 proached, and the Thracian:; departed one ofthe conflidl,not fo much to avoid wounds and for fear ^^ 
 *Dl»na. of death, as lor ihdt they had i'pcd themfelves fufficiently of prizes. The Roman vanguard encam- 
 
 ped without the forrelf in the open ground about the Temple of * Be>id!^, The rereward remain- 
 ed dill behind in the midfl ofthe v\oods to guard their carriage, fortified within a double pallifado 
 otflrong (lakes. Themorrow after, when they had welldif.overed by their efpials the way before 
 them, they joined themfelves with the vanguard. In^bisbattel f over and befides a great part of 
 their pillai^e loll, and a number ofcamp-followers and lackiesflain, with fomefouldiersalfo, for 
 thattberc was skirmifhingevery wherethroughoutthechafe) x.\\t:t6itd Q^.Mtnfitius Thermos: 
 and a right great lofs there was of him, for he was amanof mi:chvalour and execution. Thatday 
 the army marched as far astotheRiver Hebrtts. From whence they prilled through the confines 
 ofthe iEnians,rcer unto the Temple of ^/)o//o whom the inhabitants name Zfr^^t/;////. And there ^^ 
 ibcy met with another fireightpaflage about a place called Temfyra, as rough and cumberfome 
 •undert'oot as the lormer. But for rfmuch as there were no woods about it, it yeelded no good 
 4)l2ceforam^unie<;, Howbeit the Thrauuans (,i people likewifeof T/ir^fcif) aflembled together, 
 boping alfo to light upon the hke booty. But by reafon that the v allies lay naked and open , fo as if 
 any be et the narrow waies they might bedifcovered a far off, the Romans were lef^affraid and 
 troubled. For, fjy that they were to fight in fome place of difadv.int;!ge, yet they might arrange 
 themfehes in battel aray in open field;and joininclofe fight hand to hand. Being therefore em- 
 baitelled in Squadrons thick and ftrong they charged the enemy with agreat fhoutand cry,3ndat 
 the firfl liiotk torced them to retreat and lofeground,and aftcrwardsto turnback and flie. And- 
 in the rout they were beaten down and killed ; for even their ownflreights which they feized^ 
 for their vantage, empeachcd and hindred themfelves. The Romans having gotten the vis^ory, 
 encamped neer a villageofihe Maronits, called Siji-f. The next day they marched through the 
 champain open countrey Priaticiis, where they fo journcd three daies to take in corn, part' y from 
 out ofthe fields of the Maronits, which willingly of themfelves they conletred upon them, and 
 partly out of their own fliips, which followed after wellfurnifhed with all kind of provifion. 
 From this place they made but one daies journey to yip9ll9nia^ii\<iio palling through the territory 
 
 of
 
 The eight andtbtrtieth Bqo\ of TXivius. 809 
 
 A of the Abdetits,they came to N fes. All this way they jonrncied peaceably through the Colonies 
 oUhe Greeks. Buctherelt behind, it it were not d.mgeroua unto them tor any hoitilicyj yet fij- 
 Ipeded (Ull itvvasj all the whiles that they palled nigi.t and day thruugh the midli^ot the Vhra- 
 cians, until at length they came into M.-.ccdQny. The fdmc army londuded lomctime betore by 
 Scipto that very way, found the Thrac ans morcgent.eand ir.iitibic, lor no other canfe, but 
 that they had lefs (lore of pillage and booty with tnem to leithiir teeth en waicr, and linoers 
 
 fon itching. And yetevenchenailo(as C/.jW/«jwriieth) there wcrchftctn ihomard Thracians 
 that encountred /l/«f/»f/ the Numidian as he mjrvhed bttore the »an>,Uird codiitoverthe 
 coaHs ; and he faith, that he had in histompanjfour Imndrtd Numidi nhuricmcn, .indiome 
 few Elephants: alfo that his fon.with anelcd wing of a hundred andr.fty hone^brakethrouoh 
 B the midlf o( the enemies, who alio within a while atter. (when histathcr hUmncs hiv ing placed 
 the Elephants in the midit, and the Horfemtn in the fljnks, joined in battel with his tnemies, 
 charged them upon their backs, and put them in great fear) by mean'- of v\bich (iorm and lem- 
 pe(t (as it were) oftheCavalry, they never came lo far, as to deal with the battel ofthe foot- 
 men. Cn. ManliHs led his army through AJacedoyiy into / hef/;., and marching on by the way 
 ofEptrus, arrived at yifoHonin^ where he abode all winter, lor he made noc foiiuht a mat- 
 ter of winter failing, that he dnrft take the Sea, and hazard the paffage at that time of the year. 
 The year almoli expired, M.r'^/^r»«j the Com'ul returned out of L.(^.'</-/.jio/<owf, for the crea- 
 tion of new M.igilirats, having at^hieved no fuch memorable exploit in his Province during the 
 time of his government, as inight ha\ e yee;ded any colour able reafon of his long (by, in that he 
 C came more tardy ("than the ufual manner was) totheaiTembly foran eiCv^ion ofConiiils : (for 
 holden it was upon the * 1 2 calends of Mrfw) wherein werecrcated,M.yEw;//«/ L'pd.isand C. , 
 Flaminius. The next day after ,thefe Pretor> were eiedfed; namely, y?;>.C/^»i/«/ P richer. Ser.Su/pi- ^^ °' ^*^''*' 
 tint Gale'.z^Q^.TcrentifiS CulliOfL^Terer.tins M jf.4io!(i^ Q^F i-tli'ius Fl,icc»s, and lA.FurttiS Crajjipes, 
 ■After the election of Magilirats tbeConfulpropored to the Senata« touchingthe Province- and 
 governments of the Pretors. And the LL.decreed that two of them fl.ould remain at Ror,:e^io mi- 
 niHerlaws and execute juH ice.- other two fhouid be employed outof/f^/y,in S-.c.lyini S^rd'n a: 
 two in Italy \o wit.at Tarer.tHm and in (j4«/.Immediatly before they entred into ofti. e they were 
 enjoyned to caft lots : and Ser. Sufpiiiuihad the jprifdi<ftion of the citizens, and Q,. Terenttu of 
 ftrangers and aliens : L.Terentms took the charge ot S r/Zy, Q^ Fuhius of -aydinit^ Ap. Cb.uif.ts 
 £) was to govern Tarentunt^ind M.Furius to rule G^ll'a. It fortuned the fame year that L.M,>t:{tius 
 Myt t.iis and L. Manlius were delivered to the Carthaginian Emb •ffador«,by the hands of the Fic- 
 cial heralds at the commandment of /1/.C/.W'/«PretoroftheCity for the tuiie being and tranf- 
 ported over to C^T?-(/74^e', for that the voice and fpee^h went, That they had beaten thefaid Em- 
 baffidors. A bruit and rumour there was of a great war begun inL;>Mr/V»,& which encreafed every 
 day more than other. Whereupon the Senat ordained to both thenewConfuls the Province of 
 L:^urra that day onwhich they propounded unto the Senat to confuk about the Provinces and 
 the affairs ofthe Common-weal.ButLf;i/^«nheConfuloppol'edhimfelfagainH this their ail and 
 ordinance a'.ledging, '-That it was a fhamefulindignit/jthat both the Coniuls fhouid be fhut up 
 ^' and enclo'.ed within the vallies of L/^«r;'.i; whereas for two years already Af. F«/^^^w and C;f. 
 E " M.»i/iush3d raigned like Kings, the one in£«r<)p?.tneotherin A,'?.?, inftead oi PhJpzad Ah- 
 ^UiochtH. And if (qd,he)it be the pleafure ofthe Senat th^t there Hioii'd be armies miintained in 
 *' thofepirts^moremeet.I wot.it were, that Confols fiionld have thecommand & conduvil there- 
 "of than thofeprivat perfons. As torthem they range nboiit thofenations.terrifying them with 
 *' threats of war againit whom there hath been none proclaimed ;in iking merchandice and lelling 
 '■'• peace among them for Turns of mony. Now if it be requilit and needful to keep two armies for 
 '* the government and defence of thofe Provinces,like isA'f.FftlviusandCK, Man/ins Con'uls.fuc- 
 *' ceeded M. Acilms and L-Sa/j/oConfuls : fo C.h'vitts and M.T^M'erins the Confuls ought to have 
 '■entred inplaceof fw/wrt/ andMailim. At lealfwife now, when the ,£tolian war is hniflied and 
 *• brought 'o an end) Afia recovered and conquered from Antiochufy and the GauU vanquiflied 
 F'Mu'^dned, either ouglu Confuls to be fei-.t unto their armies, or elfe the legions to bsbrought> 
 '^ back from thence, and at length delivered totheCommon-weal. TheSenac notwiihflanding 
 they eave him the hearing, perhOed Hill in their reiolution. that both Confuls fliould beimploied 
 in the Province o^'Liomi.t, Yet thought good it was that M»i»//«;and f/.'/w/^fl-iouId .eave their 
 Provinces, withdraw their forces from thcn.e, ?nd return to /J-'Wf. An old grudge there was 
 and 1 cankred enmity between thefaidM. Fulvtn, and M. ^w)7»«.- theConfiil: and among 
 other mitrer< of difontentment , &mylihf ^\\t out . that by themeans of F(7i"//-f. him'elf was 
 created Conful two years later than otherwife he fliould have been. And therefore to work 
 him defpight and make him odious to the World, hecaufedthe Embaflador' of yf w^rrr/Vi 
 (whom he h.^d fubornedand fet on for to lay matters to his charge) to enter into the Senat- 
 Gboui'e. Thele being in place, complained that A4.Ftthiusbid warred upon them atwhatiimeas 
 thev were in peace perf'ormed allthat other Confuls before had impofed upon them, and were alfo 
 ready in 11 duty and allegeance to dothe fameunto him, ' FirR our lands and territories fay 
 "thev were piteoufly I'poiled and walled : then were we terrifed with the farkiniZ'>f our City, 
 " and threatned with the killing of our people.that forvery fear we were forced to fhut our sates, 
 "Afterward-- we were beleaguered andaffaulted, andagainff usallkindsofh'flility pradfifed, 
 *- by 1 wordjby fire, by ruinating and ranfacking our City. Our wivesjour children, have been led 
 
 " and
 
 gj o "Ihe eight and thirtieth Boo}{^ ef T.Uvius, 
 
 *<■ and haled into captivity and bondage ; our goods violently taken from us (md that which a- H 
 '*boveallwencneereftto our heart) our Temples throughout the whole City deipoiled and 
 "robbed oftheirgoodlyornaments: theimagesof ourGods5and finally ourGodstbcmfclves 
 <* plucked out ot their (hrines and places.and fo carried a waj; ; yea, the very walls and pillars left 
 " bire and naked, fo astbe Ambracians have no Gods remaining amongd tl.em to adcre,and to 
 *' whom they might make their prayers and fupplications. As they poured out their complaints, 
 the Conful of a mind to aggravat and heap more matter upon his adverfary,ceafed not to propofe 
 untothemmany interrogatories Cas it was complotted between them before) and drew them 
 on to fpeak many ihings^as if with theirgood will they would nothave uttered them. When the 
 reft of the LL, were moved herewiih.thenthe other Conful C.F/rfw/w/w^ undertook theapoiogie 
 and defence of M.F«/z/'W, faying, "That the Ambracians trod in an old beaten way,anddidno I 
 "otherwife than fomc before them had done. For even fo was MMtrcelliis accufed by the Syra- 
 '■i curian?,fo was O.Fnhius charged by the Capuans. And why by the fame means fuffered they 
 •'notT.Q^W^-^/w/ tobechargedby King Vhilip-,lA.Ac!liusiX\d L.Scifio by A utiechns C»M^>3l*»s 
 *< by the Gauls, and the fame FmIvihs himfelf by the j£tolians and people oiCephMenin } That 
 •■(.Ambract.t^^^ afl'aulted, baitred , and forced in the end; that images and ornaments were 
 < taken from thence ; that other aifts were done and committed, vyhich ufually follow upon the 
 "•"^ winnina of Towns, think ye my LL. that either I in the behalf of f«/w«/ will deny, or Fulvius 
 '' himfelf will difa vow? vvho,in regard ofthefe worthy exploits and noble a£ls,is minded to de- 
 *' mand at your hands the honor of a Triumph, who purpofeth to carry before his triumphant 
 *' (harlot the portraiture of Amhracia. as it was taken, the images which they accufe him to have K 
 " caried away and other fpoils of that City ; yea,and to fet them upon the pofls of his houfe for a 
 •' memorial to poHerity? No reafon there is that the Ambracians fhould fever themfelves from 
 '* the jE.tolians, and do more than they, for their cafe and condition is ail one. And therefore lee 
 '' my colleague fliew his ranor and malice, and bewray a feftered enmity in fome other caufe : or 
 '* ifhe will needs follow and purine this forward, let him intertain and keep ftill his Atnbracians 
 *' onto the coming of M.FahtHs. And for mine own part, 1 will fuffer no atUo pafs either of the 
 '' Ambracians or the AtolianSjfo long as M.Fnlvius is abfent. Rmylim accufed his enemy for ha-* 
 v'Jng a crafty bead of his own,and for his fuble fetches^as beingnotorious and well known to all 
 men forno better; fayiog,ihat full cunningly he would trifle out the time,aDd makedelaies all the 
 year long. that he might not cometo^Raw? folongashisadverfary was Conful. Thus in this de- Ij 
 bate between the two Confuls two djyes were fpent and nothinj: elfe done. And it appeared evi- 
 dently, that fo long as F/oif>;i/7/«j was in place and prefence, nothing could be concluded and de- 
 termined. Whereupon a time was fpied out when Fhminms chanced to be fick, and by that oc- 
 cafion was away. Then upon a motion made by .-Ew^Z/Wi there paffedan aft oftheSenat, That- 
 the Ambracians fhould have all their goods redored unto them again ; that they fhould enjoy 
 their freedom and franchifes, and live under theirown Laws: and finally might take what cu- 
 rtom-, toll and impoHs they would for pottage, as well by Land as Sea: provided alwayes that* 
 iheRomans, and their allies theLatins. fhould beexerrpted and free there from. As for the 
 images and other ornaments which they complained were taken out of their facred Temples, the 
 Senat ordained ihat when M.f;.Vz;/«; was returned to /Jow(7,thecol!edge of the Pontiftes fhould j^j 
 have the hearing and deciding thereof, and look what they awarded and fet down>it fhould ftaWd 
 and be performed accordingly. And the Conful not content with all this, took the vantage when 
 there were burfew Senators in the houfe, and procured an oiheraft ofSenat in this form. That 
 they judged Ambr^cianoK. to be reputed a City forced by affault.This done, there wasbyvertne 
 of an order from the Decemvirs a folemn fupplication holden three dayesforthe health of the 
 peop'e, inrer.ard of agrievouspellilence thatdifpeopled both City and Countrey. Afterthat the 
 Latine feads and holy-dnes were celebrated. When the Confuls had accomplifhedthelie devo- 
 tions, and rid their confciences of fcruple, and withal made a full and compleat levy to furpifh 
 lesions ^forboth of them were defirous to have new fouldiers^ they departed into their Pro- 
 vinces, and cafled all the old, I^ 
 
 After the Confuls were fet forward on their journey the Pro-confulr». "iAanliusttWTncA home 
 to Rome. For whofe lake the Pretor Servias Sulpitius affembled the Senat in the Temple ot Bel- 
 la la. Whereafter relation made of his deeds atchieved, he demanded that in confideruiod 
 thereof, due honor and thankfgiving fhould be rendred to the immortal Gods, and withai, that 
 himfelfmight ride triumphant into the City.Themofl part of theLegats and Commi(rioner?,who 
 had been with him gainlaidand denied the fame, and above all the refiL, Fiirius'Purfttrio. and 
 L.^rK^Uns Tauluu who ftepped forth, and informed againft him in thefe terms : ••' That they h'd 
 " befnfcntincommiflion tonnirt C».M^»//«/, for the miking of a peace with y/»f»'cc/-»', ardfi- 
 "nifliing ofthat accord and thofecovenams and conditions which werecommenfed and begun' 
 *' between him and I-.S^/xo, Yet r»,M<« dins, fay they endevoured all that ever hecou dro trou- q 
 "^b!e that peace yea, and to havefurpriled and intrarped hntiochnshy trains of ambufh ifbeliad 
 "ever come in hit way orwirhin his reach.But the King being a ware of the Conful hi-; fraud and 
 " deceit, albeitthere was made great means many a time to have caughthimby colour of parley 
 "•' and conf^eren. e, yet avoided evermore not only ro have fpeech and communication with h'm, 
 " but alfoto come within hisfight. And when M m/wt would need<! have paffed over T^»r«/, 
 "hardiy and \yith rauchadocould he be kept back.notwithlfandiDgallthecommiflioDers prayed 
 
 « and
 
 The eight and thirtieth Bool^ of T.Li vius. 8 1 1 
 
 j^ " and befoughthim to (lay, and nottohaz^ird himfelf and incur the danger of a notable lofs and 
 "oierthrowjtore-coldby che \eriesand propheiies of S»(y/a lo light upon them chat would pais 
 *' beyond the bounds limited by the fatal deiiinies. Ail this notwithiianding he advanced forward 
 '• and approached with hisarmy, yea^and enamped ncer the very pitch and top of the mountain, 
 " whcieail the water that falleth from above, runneth contrary waycs into divers Seas. And 
 '- wr, en he ^ouldnnd no quarrel there lor whichjhe might make war (becaufethe Kinj^s people 
 ''and iub)e<;ts were Hill ard quiet) he turned che army about to the Gallo^recks, a-.-aiiiii which 
 '••nation there wJs no war intended either by warrant and authority fromSenac, or by i rant and 
 "• >.ommiinoii from tiic people. And what mjn was ever fo hardy and bold, as to war upon his 
 "• own head ? Tnc warsagainit A^itiochus, Fhilipy yJ>!^!ii>a/,3ndihc Canhaginians-aremolttrelli 
 g ''in each mans rcmembran e:and ofall thefc the Senat wasconfulted with.andthepeopleoran- 
 '"■ ted ticir ordinance. Emb.ifladorsmany a time and often were nddrcfl'ed betore: reltitutionand 
 ••amends were by order demanded .• and lalt ofall.Jieralds vverel'cnt.lolcmniy to denounce and 
 " proclaim war. Now tell me.C«./^^;jA*i,Which of alt thefethinr,s wcredoncithat we may call 
 " this by tic naaie of a piiblick war,allowed by thebtate of the people of /"ajwi-jand not rather a 
 "prikatbri%:anda^eand robbery of your own? But contented you your felf with this5anddid you 
 ■••nomorc? marched you direftly forward, and cook you nothing but that which was in your 
 •'way; leading your army .igainlt thole only whom you took to be your enemies ? or rather ac 
 '■'■ all turnings and windings nay, at every forked high way leading on both hands, whenyoii 
 ' were at a itand,tollo\ved not yon like a mencnary and wsged Coniul unto yltta/ns{K\t\?, nn- 
 Q'-^menes his brother) with the Rom sn army, what hand foeier he turned and mar Jied ? Inere 
 '* wa>not a crank and nook but vnu viijted ; there was not a corner that youleftunfearched, in all 
 ^ Pifida.LycAoni A.ind Phryn^ta.Tiitiz was not a tyrant,Prin:c nor l^otenc.^t there was nota Lord 
 ^ o.tany borough or caltle, how far loevcroutoi the w.iy,biiryou had a faying to them to pill and 
 ' poll them,ind to pick pence out oftheirpurfes. For what bulinei's bad you with the Oroandi- 
 ^' ans ? What liad you to do with other nuions, as innocent and guiltkfs as they ? Now as con- 
 '•cerning the^var, (m regard whcreo! vou demand a triumph) in what fort managed you it ? 
 '' Fought yo'.i a b if t \il either in place . ommodious ,or time convenient i Surely,! mull needs fay, 
 ' great reaon you have and good i.aufe to require that honor and praife be given to theimmor- 
 *'mortal Gods: iirit tor that their gracious will and pleafure was that the army fliould notfmarc 
 jj *' for the temerity and raflinefs of their chiefleader, warring as he did againft the law ofnations : 
 * Chen in that they prefcnted unto us,not men indeed for enemies, but very beads and no better. 
 ••Foryemu.l not think, that it is the name only of the Gallbgreeks, which is mingled and com- 
 " pounded ; for long time before, both their bodies and minds have been mixed and corrupted, 
 •'and thementhemfelvesbadard and degenerate from their firll nature.Had they been the fame 
 '' Gauls with whom we have fought a thoufand times in /c<i/;,and with doubtful iflue.nnd lolt as 
 ''much as vvewon,and every foot received as good as we brought think ye there would haverc- 
 *^ turned ode meflenger from thence , to bring us ney^-s, tor any good at leall- wife that our Gene- 
 *' rjl there did ? Twice became to conflid with them; twice tie encounrrcd theminphceofdif- 
 '' advantage; mounting with his army againd the bill, and ranged in the botome of the valley, 
 £ "even under the enemies feet : in fuch fort, that it they had lanced no djrts againft us from the 
 "higher ground,but only come upon us with their naked and dlfarmed bodies.tiiey had been able 
 '" to have overcome us and gone over our bellies. And what hapned hereupon ?God-amercy the 
 " good fortune ofihe people of /?(7ws: we may thank (I fay) the great and terrible name of the 
 •' Romans. Thefrefli renown of the late ruins and overthrows of j4>iy.'.bal Philip. zi)6 Af:nochusy 
 '' amazed and adonilhed (as one would fay) thefe men with their fo corpulent and mighty bo- 
 *' dies ; with {lings and arrow-fhot only were they difcomfited and put to flight, lb atfrighted 
 " were thev. Tiiere was not afwordonrebloudied iii all this Gauls w.ir: attliefirft twangofthe 
 *' bow and ilngin;» of the arrow they fled away,'ike fwarms of bees with ringing of bafons. And 
 " yet believe me. even we the fjmeand no other (as if fortune would admonifliand fliew whac 
 p " had become of us if we had affronted an enemy indeed^ in our return, when we fortuned to 
 
 * light uponrc-tainpetty robbers and f beeves of Thrr.ce, were foundly beaten, killed, and put to 
 •'■ flight. and poiled and well (kipr of onrbag and baj^gage. Q^MinutiHs Thcr»i»t(by whofe death 
 " we have (iidained a far greater lofs, th'nit (r'«./Mi«///«/had mifcaried, whofe rafhnefs was the 
 •• cau "eof all 'his cabmity and misfortune) with many a tall and \ aliant mm beiidesjoll his lifein 
 " thi^skirm''T\. Ourhofl bringing away with them the fpoil and pillage of K...4«r/Wi«j,was dif- 
 *'membredandp.-;rted mto t'ree troops: the vanguard in one p:ace therereguard inanother,and 
 *' the carriages in a thi d were fain to take up their lodging one whole night amongftbiiflies, bri- 
 "ars, and bnm'^le-;. and lurk wit*iin the caves anddcns ofvvild beads. Are thefe the brave and 
 *' worthy o;pl<^'ts for which voudemmd a triumph ? But fay, that you h2d received inThracCi 
 
 Q ''■ neither film .gen^r diili-^nor '■ whi.hbethe enemies over whom you would needs triumph in 
 •'all the ha'^': rtofheybef'.ofe whom the Senat ?<; people of ^a»;f delfined Scaffigned tobeyour 
 "enemies! for To wis tvi'imph granted to this L Sc/p o here in place: folikewife to that M, Aaliui 
 
 * before him ove \. '••mj^'/v •:fo a '^ rrewhile to T.^7/«f/«f torthe vi,ftory of PW»/):and fo to 
 "con hide unto P.yff.-.-'-.i'sr forfubdo'ng 'ww;^^/ the Carch3ginians,andK.Svf/;».v. And when 
 *' th<*Senir hid o'd 'ined war, yet be ore thev enterpri'ed .md began thefe high and hauty afr'jir', 
 •'they tnidefoaii doubt and paufein fuch petty circumihaces as chefe, to wit, unto whom ihey 
 
 "fhould
 
 ^ j2 'ihe eight and thirtietb Boo\^ o/T.Livius. 
 
 -55—3 
 
 *' (honld fend defiance and denounce the iaidwarwhecber CO the Kings the mfelves ID ilieirown ^ 
 *<■ cerfon; or it were iufficient co give intimation to one garrifon or other wuhin theii tonreftes. 
 «' And vvould ye now (my matters) that all thele obfervations and ceremonies fhoula be pol.u- 
 " tedandcontounded,ihat the rights and laws ot theFecialesand heralds fhouid Lcaboh{hed,& 
 <<■ that there fhallbe no more Fecial at ail. But let religion and divincl'ervicecGod torgive me it I 
 " icem to blalpheme) be troden under foot: foppole the Gods were utterly forge > tt n ct you.and 
 i' their remembrance quite exiled out of your hearts; Is it your pleasure allo,aDd tUink ye it meet, 
 " that the Senat be conlulted no more tor their advii.e in qucliion of war ? or that a biii be not 
 ct propounded to the people, in this wife: Pleafeth it you or no, to ordain that wjr be levied a- 
 < oainll the Gauls ? The other day.,and no longer fini.e, the Corluls were del rousand earned to 
 <c oovern Grffce and ^//^,yec when they perceived you to bereioluteand perliH hiiiindfligning j 
 tc unto chem both, the Province of L/^«?;;i, they were content and obejed. Great reaion fhail 
 n they have therefore to demand a triumph at your hands, after they have ate hie td an happy 
 c( vid^ory and finifhed that war, whit.h they firlt enterprifed under your warrant and avihority. 
 •: After this manner asye have hea.d Ipake Furius ind £.mj/ius. And ^y<?«/;»(jagain,as wefind in 
 ►ec record,arfwered thus,ormuch to this etfe6>,as foUoweth : " Right honorab.e gc my vt ry good 
 <c LL. the Tribunsof the Commons were ever wont afore- time, to repugn and irofs ihemthat 
 t, demanded triumph : and I take my felt much beholden unto them for this favourjthaieither in 
 t, their love to my lelf, or in regard of my great and notable exploits, they ha\e not onl) by their 
 filencciven their conl'entfor my honor, but alfo feem ready and prell to \ roponnd the fame 
 unto the people,if need had been. Butnow forfooth,whcm have 1 (and God wi 1) for mine ad- |j 
 verfaries.but even fomeofmy ten adjacents or fuffragan-^jwhom our anLeilorsthoUi^hi good to 
 c-ive unto their Generals in the war»as a councel both to aflill and aid them, and aho to counte- 
 nance and grace them in their victory ? L. Furi/ts and L, t/£mjlius are the men and none but 
 they,who inhibit and deb<)r me for mounting up into the triumphant chariot ; they arere.-dy to 
 " pluckfrom my head the glorious and honorable crown that Ifhould wear: eventhofe(l lay) 
 " wbom(iftheTribunshad hindredandempeached my triumph^ I would have Hpo;ted my feif 
 *' unto as witneffes of my worthy afts. Certainly, /'my LL.) far be it from me, that I fhoi Id envy 
 
 ■ ^ and repine at the honour of any man : but I remember welljChat of late dales when certain Tri- 
 :' buns of the Common (fate (men of great courage and ailion) went about to ftay and forbid the 
 *' triumphjof ^ f 't^/«/ Labeo.^e. by your authority diverted and feared them from that intended r 
 *" entprprife ; and he triumphed in the end notwiihfhnding his adverfariesgave out and iaid a- 
 
 "^ '* loud,not that he had fought a war unjulily, butinreprochful manner charged him. That he had 
 
 not lb much asfet eye upon theenemy. And I,who have lb often in ranged battel fought with 
 
 ' an looooomort fierce and war ike enemies,flain or taken priloners more than 40000 of them,* 
 
 *' forced and won two oftheireamps: and left all places on this fide the ridge of the mountain 
 
 *' T.'iHrHs mors peaceable and quiet than is the Land of /f.</y,am not only trull rate and put befide 
 
 *' my triamph,but alfo ftand here before your honors to defend my feif againft the challenge of thele 
 
 '"^^ mine own Councel and Suffragans. Whi.h accufation of tbeirs.conhlieth (as ye have heard my 
 
 '-" LL.) of two principal points: for objedled they bave,firrT,that I ought notatall tohavemade 
 
 ^'*' war with the Gauls ; and fecondly that I conduced and managed the fame ralKly and with- 
 
 *' out diii retion. The Gauls (fay they) were no enemies of ours ; but being quiet in peace,and ^ 
 
 "ready to do whatfoeverthey were charged, were by youabufedand wronged. I will not require 
 
 * (my LL.)that ye fliou'd have the fame hard conceit of the Gauls which inhabit in Afia,zs touch- 
 
 *' ing their cruelty and mortal hatred againll the Roman nsme.whii h ye know generally to be in 
 
 *the people of the Ganis: Dobutconliderand judgeof thefe Gauls as they beinthemfelves 
 
 ■ ** funply without refpedtofthe infamous name and odious opinion that goethofthe whole ge- 
 "nerition: O that King £«we»^j were here. Would to God that all the States of v^/»<i were pre- 
 " fent in place that ye might hear them rather whaccomplaints they would make,than my feif ac- 
 " cufing ofthem. Send but yourEmbafladors to all the Cities of >^/J^<i and enquire whether fervi- 
 
 *' rude "were greater and more grievous, that which they were delivered from by the chafing of ^ 
 " ^»f;ffc/);// beyond the mountain Taurus or this whereoftheyarenowcafedby the fubduingot 
 *' theGauls ? Let them relate unto you, andmakereport how often their territories have been 
 *' walled by them,how many booties have been driven, and prizes carried away out o' them, and 
 " how they were brought to fo low a pafs, that they bardiy could find means and make sny fhift 
 "to redeem their prifoners by ranlbm. Let them tell you what they heard there beides, how 
 " they killed men yea, and their children to facrifice, unto their Gods. But know ye now from 
 *' me,that your allies yeelded tribuc to the Gauls, yea. and fhonld have paied ftill at this day, not- 
 " withftanding they were by you delivered from their fubjedf ion under King jinttnchus, if I had 
 "notb rtirred my feif the better.For the farther that y-/«/ /Of /j«/ was removed from ihem the more 
 '*pr udly and outragioufiy would tbefe Ganis have ruled like LL. overall ^//j.and whatfoever 
 *^ lands had lien on this fide the top of the mount Trf«r«^, you Hiould havelaidto theleignory of 
 "the Ganis and not annexed to your own Empire & dominion. All this is rnie will Tome ore fiy, 
 <'and what of all that? ThefeGauls likewifeoncefpoiled the temple at D Iphos, reputed in times 
 •' pi(l the common Oracle ofthc whole world andfituat in the very heart and midll of the earth, 
 *' fc yet the people of Asw* neither denounced nor mide war for al that.Cerainlv,] aiwaies would 
 *' have thought ibere had been lome difference to be made between thofedaics, when as neither 
 
 *' Greece
 
 The eight and thirtieth BooJ\^ of TXivius. 812 
 
 \ '' Greece nor Afta was under your jurifdiftion and obedience(thac you fliould need to take care 
 '' and regard of what was done in thole parts)& this preient time,in which ye have let the moun- 
 *' tain Tanrnsio bethe bound & limit, wherunco your Lmpire excendeth;in which you givefrae- 
 ** dom ard immunity to Cities;in which ye enlarge the conhns of fomeand take in the precini>s 
 " otothersjfiniDgthefe cities with.forfeiturefclorsoftheirterritories.punilliingthofe with taxes ♦ 
 "and tributs:in which I fay ,you augment and diminiili realms^give and takeaway Kingdoms at 
 '■ yourgocd pleal"ure;and in one word , in which ye judg it a matter that conccrneth you^to pro- 
 " vide that tliere may be a general peace both on land and lea. Were you ot opinion indced^that 
 "■^;^<» might not be counted free, unlefsy^wf/ef/.^/f had withdrawn his gariifons whi h kept quiet 
 " within their fortrtfTes and caUlcs,and flirred nottortnPand thought you withal, chat your gifts 
 ^" granted unco King H.ume:es might be aflhred unto him^and the freedom likewilc of the Cities, 
 " eHahliilied unto them, if whole armies of Gauls might range all about to and tro in thofe coun- 
 " trie.'? But why (land 1 lomuch arguing and real'oning in this manner, as it 1 had not found the 
 *' Gauisenemies,but rather caufcd ihem to be ourenemiesrO L.Scipio-l call you hereto witnefs, 
 " into whole - harge and government I fucceeded, whole venue and lelidty withalj befought the 
 " immortal Gods to vouchfafe unto me(andmy prayer was not in vain;) and you likewife, O P. 
 " Sc DO, who with the Col'.your brother and in the whole army, had the room & place indeed ot 
 " an .tdjoinil Lieutenant andnomore,but cirtiedtheMajeHy of a Co.lcgtie ?<: joint companion; 
 '* fpeak frankly both of you upon your knowledge whether whole iegion; of Gauls frtvcd not in 
 '• thearmy of -^^riocl'tis ? fell us, whetheryou faw tl;em not in the hc'!d,marnialicd in both the 
 Q '• points and fl-inks cfthe main battel, as the very flower andllrengtli ofthe whole puiflanceof 
 ■'* A>7tioc!}us':Stiy direitly, fought ye not with them flew yon them nor,cccaried away their fpoil?, 
 *' as undoubted and law ui enemies?And yet both Senat decreed and people ordained war with. 
 '' yJ«rj«f/3«' by name, and not with the Gauls, But 1 tro(orelfe lam iniKii deicived) within this 
 •' decree and ordinance, they included all thofe befides that came to aid and allillhim. Ot whom 
 *' (excepting A:niochus himfelf,with whom Scipio^sd arti.led peaceand alliani c,and ye alfo had 
 *-expreny' given order therefore) they all w ere on r enemies nod oubt,w ho had born arms againft 
 '' us in the quarrel and behalf of the faid Antiochfts.Now albeit the Gauls sbove all others were 
 *' compi ifed in this number. together with fome petty Kings and Tyrants befidcs;yet I contrafted 
 *' accord and peace with others, (after 1 had forced them to fuffer due puniflimcnt according to 
 j^ " their frcfpals) as fir forth as I thought itexpedient forthe honour of your Empire : ye3> and I 
 "aflaied alfotosjain and win the heartsof the Gauls,if haply it had been pofllble to havedulced 
 "and reclaimed them from t heir inbred fiercenefs and natural cruelty. But when I perceived that 
 " they were untraibble.untamed,and implacable. then and not before I refolved,that it was high 
 *' time to bridle and bring them into order by violence and force of arms. Now that I haveclec- 
 " red the former point ot my accuration,as touching the enterprife of the war.It remaineth that 
 *'I Vee;d you an account of the conduct thereof. Wherein verily I would make no doubt toap- 
 *' prove mine innocence, and juKify thegoodnefs of my canfe, if I were to p!e>id, I fay not,in the 
 *' Sen.it oi Ro f>e,bm even at the councel table of Canhaj^dwhcic (as men fay) they make no more 
 "ado.bu: trufs up harg and crucify their Generals ifthcy proceed to execution ofany lervicein 
 £ " war with bad advice and counfeU although the iffne and event be never fo good, Biit in tliat 
 ''City, which therefore ufeth the nameofthe Gods both before they begin, and alfo when they 
 ^' proceed to the managing of all their affairs, (becaufe no perfon fliould come to detradl: orde- 
 " pra ve that milicioufly, which the Gods have once appro'. ed)and which City in the grant 8c or- 
 *'ainance either ofproceffion or triumph, ufeth this folemn form of words: For that he hath veil 
 ^' andhappily .iJinifi fired Afid munac^edthe rvcl pMblickj In this City, I fay,if Iwercunwil!ing,nay, 
 *' if 1 reputed it an odious matter,and fivoiiring too much of pride and a rrogance to vaimt my felf 
 " and boaff of mine ownprowefs;yet if in regard ofthe happy fuccefs and telicity of my felf and 
 "mine army in that without anylolsoffouldiers,wevanquirhed and fubdued fo great and mighty 
 " a nation, I demanded firfl that due honour and thankfgiving fliould berendreduntothc im- 
 p'' mortal G^d.<;^and then, that I might my felfafcend and mount up the Capitol in triumph^tfom 
 " whence Idefccndcd to take my voyage, after I had conceived and pronounced my vows, and 
 " made my prayers after the folemn and religious order ; would ye deny both me and the immor- 
 " tal Gods alfo ? Yes marry would yow, and why ? Forfooth I fought in t place of difadvantage. 
 *' But fell me then, I pray you, in what ground I might have fought withbccier vantage ? confi- 
 **dering the enemies were feized of the hill, and kept ihemfelves within their nren;:,th and forr. 
 *' I fliould have gone unto them, if Ihadbeen wliiing tohave vanquiflied and overcome them. 
 "What ? hew if they had been there within a ftrong City ;> how ifiheyh.id kept within ilic walls, 
 *' and would not have ifltied fotth ? You mufl then have laid fiege unto them and given the 
 *« affauk. Mnft T fo indeed ? And how I pray ? Fought M, Aciliui{l beieecb you) at Thrtnopyla 
 Q '* in a place of advantage ? Why? did not T,Qui>uius after thi.s; manner difpoflefs Ph.i;p ofthe high 
 " Mountains, which be held over the River Aous ? In faith, 1 cannot yet devife what kind of enc" 
 " mies they either imagine to themfelves they were, or would have you to take and edcem them 
 *' tobe. If degenerate, if effeminate, if enervate with the delights and pleafuresof ^'///j what 
 " danger was it to march up the hill againft them with all difadvantage ? If redoubted and terrible 
 '*for fierce courage and bodily Rrength, deny ye triumph for fo noblea vii^ory ? Envy ('my 
 "good LL. ) is blind, and can skill of nothing buitodetraft and defame vertueS; tofallifie 
 
 and
 
 8 14 ^^^ ^igbt and thirtieth Boo\ o/T.Livius. 
 
 ?, '"'IfTf? K^" ^K °°" '"1 rewardsdue thereto. Pardbtifn^ I befeecK yotir HH.and hdd^e H 
 exc«fed..f 1 have been over long and tedious. It is not,I aflure you.any delight and pleafure thlc 
 1 talce to put forth and glorify my lelf, but a neceflTuy impofed upon aie (in mine own defence 
 ^ to conftue tbeie crimes objeded againft me) which hath driven mine Or tion out°n i"n. h To 
 
 proceed,wasu poir,be alfo that mrW I could make thepaffes vvithin the forrelh ^a^^^^^^^^^ 
 w.de, which naturally were fircight and narrow ? the ground plain and fmooth/wh 'cb bv na- 
 
 TTm "f ''" "a^ T-^'^ ■ ^^"^'^ ^^'^^ ^^''^ '^^"'"^ °^«^'P «^«""'s ' open champian and 
 fair nelds of woodland overgrown, and rough wylds. Lay it inme,to pre. em thofe Thraclan 
 
 It- i'' P w ^'•^•^""^'^ "°^^'^" themfelves within their lurking holes and cX.ry come 
 ' thickets ? Was it in my power, to impeach them that rhey mighrfnatch and carrv nr tHno of 
 • our baggage ? Was I able to warrant th'at none of our laboLgbeal is out o fo "re t atl^«^ I 
 
 1% ^ ■'" '"u ^'^ '^^yJT ;^'> ^^^'P^^y ^ ^hat no pe^rfon fl^ould be h«t" nd hn^ y' 
 
 c- ^h« e^/';«f/«, a brave and h ardy knight, (hould not die of his wound ? My ad e fariefS 
 
 - hard and much upon tins misfortune.tbat it was our unlu.ky h»p to lofe fo wor h a GeS- 
 
 Zuid fn %r'" ^h.nk that if they would fay nothing butVp^prefs and ccnce 1 , ^- " ou 
 
 {hould know (fince the whole army is here prelem to tellify that whkh I lay) Tt.a althoJoh 
 
 the enemy aflailed us m a narrow ftreight, in an inconveni/nt place of gre ^ d fadv n te ^^^^^^^ 
 
 both olourbattaiHons at once, as well the vanguard as rereward, compared the rmv'o the 
 
 Barbariansbu y and occupied ,n riflmg of ourcarriage, flew many tbo„nLs of themK erv 
 
 J',f VT^t" '7 '^'''' after either killed or took'prifonersa greater numbe of ttmh"J 
 
 'WelMflhadnotdrawnalword in .^7^.,iflhad not feenan enemy there.yetPo^^^^^^^^^^^ 
 
 deervedatnumph well enough or thofe two battels in Afi.. B^t enough hnth b er id of 
 
 ? Tl^''""' ,'"^ ^^V ''^"'-'^ y°" '''^^' ("^y Lords-all) to forgive me for tnv boldnc 5>^I 
 "have held you longer than my will and dehre was a vc me tortny Doidncs, j. i 
 
 '^- '"j !ll°" '^" ''.'^i!''^ prevailed more than his own defenc e, hut that thev continn»d 
 arguin. and debating in the Councel-houfe until it was late in the evenin. TKn t ^Sa a ofe 
 with this mind fas It (hould iecm; todenyhima triumoh Thenpvrm^: m.n tnebcnat a.ok 
 friends of 0....../«, laboured a/chat eveLheTco^ld'^LiklwLXT^^^^^^^^^^^ 
 
 flood hun in great ftead: who laid plainly that the precedent could not be found in nviii^cr^^^^^^ 
 That a General who had vanquifted his enemies, accomplin^ed the fri tV^e of.^e.p^ ' ^ Tn 
 his Province, and brought his army back, returned into the City as a rri.atf nerk w^.O'Out f'e r 
 honor of the triumphant chanotand the laurel gark'nd. •The.ervindiStrandfl aSX^s ^ 
 ^^:^^^^'''''''''''''''-'^^^^^ 
 
 the two OQ^ 7',r,A/,calkd P.Sdpro ^f./>-*;,«nnl^o aSr,n 1^^ t" -^''"'''''i'^^ recorded, 
 rily to m^e his appearance, and L&VbMi ^Tht a 4 nn J' "" °°''" ' ^'^ ^T^^T 
 according to their feveral difpolition andX\bn Some bl.m^^^^^ /' ""'". T^-^^'-t^ ^''''^^' 
 Commons, as the whole City in General ffrf£nofr^^^^ '^^' T"^""^ ^^'^' 
 
 the two chiefeft States and cLmonSths in t^^^^^ difcourfing m this w^fe : That 
 
 but ^.«..more ungrateful of the twl For C^S E.^TS . ^!^= ^™ V'"^^^",?'^'' I-'- 
 wife vanquifhed : but Ro^.e a vi^refs was abom to ™ r?it ' ^'"'"^'^ '^'f'^ ^'^'- 
 reafoned thusithat inno State there ou^bt to be a citizen fo^C ''■•'' ' ^°T''f '•P'^'^'^ '"'''' 
 that he might not be under law, and bfoucht to aSert^^^^^ '"^ '^'^^ '^.^'' '^'' ''^^ 
 
 nothing .'preferveth ifonomy inaChy "nd maint h^e h^^^ ^^'^ 
 
 mightieTman to hold up hL hanSthe bar Tor what m\yt iS^"'' '"''^ '' ^''' ^'" 
 (and furely the foveraign rule of the flate leaft of aU mher thrnirf i l^ committed to any mnn 
 
 of the managing ofhis^affairsPAndvSfhethcan^^^^^^ 
 
 and confefTed, thatnever ma^vv .nVX l-^f u'^"^ "'^'^ magnificence as it was well known 
 courage and mind h^/tchS rh Jjf t "'herbetter or more nuly than he. For with whap 
 them in worr AndToman Ihonpt i" "T'^'^^ thefamefpirit hedeiiver.d 
 
 that he relatedwas for his own Ir ^ ■ ""J'^-°T '"^ ""'' '''''y '" ^^'^ ^'^^ 'p' ^^h, becaufe,.,U 
 on. TheTribunsof heCor^^^^^ "P°"--^'" glory and ofler.tati-s^ 
 
 crimes committed of old a^3?n^h%fl^^"' ^^IV^''^ had laid open certain fuppofed^ 
 riot and outrage of //cjj^rwhkh^^^^^ ""ff e.xcefs whiles he wintred in 5...ra, A , as alfo the 
 ons and fufpitfont fa "er £n t^dir/A^"'^^ """ ^"^ ^'"^"'^"^ '° chargehimby prefumpti- 
 proper ufe certain raSittent^ Zt"T '"/"^ ^''^j^' ^°' ^ ^"^'"^ ^^ ^ vidng to his 
 roner.was rendred onto hTm^'Si^L^n^^-^'n"/ u ^^' ^"^"^'"^'^'hat his fon being taken pri- 
 unto mm without ranlom-and that in all other tbings,5r.>/Vw.-is relpefted and 
 
 :>5 
 
 e 
 
 i-egarded
 
 The nine and thirtieth Boot^ ofT, Li vius. 8 1 5 
 
 A alone bsd carried theRomsn peace and war under bisgirdle. Alio that be bare a ftrong band o- 
 vertbeConfiil, more like, I wot, a Diflatator and ablo ore commander, tben aLievcicnantand 
 afsirtant unto bim, all the wbilc he was in the province. Neither aimed he and fhot at ^ny other 
 mark, when be went that journey, but tbst the fame, which long before was notorioufly known 
 to Spam, Gaul, Sicily.ind Africl^might as evidently appear to Creict^ro A!ia,ini all to the Kings 
 and nations of the Eift parts, to wit, that he was the only man, he was the chief, the head and 
 pilar of the Roman Empire, that under the ("haddow oi'Seipio feis wing, that City which is the 
 lady of the world, was covert and protedcd ; that a beck and nod of his beiti, was as good as 
 allatreltsof Scnit and belts of people. Thus when they could not touch bim io hie, nor fa- 
 tten upon him any note ofinf«my,they charged him a'hbat cvertbey could with matter to kindle 
 cnvv. Thus with orations they Ipent the time until! night c»ine, and thebulineis vias putovec 
 ^ loanotherday ; which being come, the Tribunes, only in the tunes in the morning wtre letio 
 their pewes within \ht Rfflra Qorcommonplc. ding place] the defendant wascalUd, whogar- 
 ded with a great company of bis friends and followers, paiied tbrougb the mids of i he affcmbiy, 
 approached the ^(»/?r<« and (food juit under it. Then after an e/r* ; and lilencc made .■ • My 
 " Matters (qivnh hc^ynu that are Tribunes of the commons, and j e likewiie Quintcs, my nciuh. 
 "botb and cmzens of Rome~ upon this very day of the month it wasihat I fout^ht a pigbtbat- 
 tell ai^amll Anrt(>Alir,A the Carthaginians, with right tortunat and happy luccclie ; incct iherc- 
 "• tore arjdgood rcafonlincc it is, that to day all pleas and actions farcreale; I wiligo diredly 
 ** and immcfOiately horn hence to the Capitol and prelent my izii'Dtioxtluf.Oft.M.ix. betore 
 'ilftno and Afmerva, with all the refl of other gcds and goddcffes. prcfidtn.'sand patrons of that 
 '' temple andfo^trefle, to perform my bumble duty unto ibcnijto lalutt and tbaokihtm.for that 
 '•they havevonchafed me thatrefolute tFedior. and powetfull mcan^ with 11, boihonfuch* 
 •' day as this, and alio many rimes Scfides- to perform my devoir well and truly unto t he Com- 
 "mon-weal. As many ot youthereforeCQuiritesj as wcli may, go ye with me, aid pray thQ 
 « gods to lend to yon like governors to my iclf, and no worie. if 1 lay {'and not ellej as you ever 
 '•Imce I was Icventeenyeersof age, even to thele mine old dales, youalwaiesadvar.cedme to 
 •• honors before tb;; ordinary time of mine age,to I again advanced and prevented the laid honois 
 •• with good fervice and noble deeds . This laid, be departed from the Rpjha and ai'cended up to 
 ^ the Capitol 5 whereat the whole audience there alkmoled turned at once and tollowcd Sctptoi.. 
 ^ into much as at Ull the Icribes and notaries, ye.,andthe very fergeints left the Tribunes there a«' 
 lone, without any to bear them company but their own bondfcrvants and the common crycr, 
 w&o (till from the Roflro called and cited the defendant. Scipio not only viilted tbe temples upon 
 the Capitoll hill, but alio ra idea perambulation wuhlhe peopleof^cw^througbout the whole 
 city to all the churches andchappelsof their goas and goddefles. This was ii> roanntr a mote 
 (olemn day unto him in regard of the afFeftionat favour of men, and tbe cltimation of his true 
 grandeur indeed, then on which he rode into the City in triumph over King S;/)/;(2.v and theCar- 
 thagi iins. But it was toe lalt fair day th t ever he faw; and never fhone tbalunag inpleafaiu- 
 ly upon P. Scipio, For after this,fore(cein^ envy growing toward bim, and what a life and bow 
 full of debates hefhould have with thole Tribunes, upon a longer day granted for tbe ptoccHeof 
 law agsinlt tiim, he retired him'.elf apart to Uternum, of let purpole to make default and not ap- 
 E pe no plead hiscaufeany more.Hccaried a greater fpirit withbi:n,bis heart was too big & u(ed- 
 he had been to an higher degtee of port S:honor,then to takeknowledg what it was to be accul'ed.- 
 he could not skill to vale bonet and ftoop lb low, and to .ibafe himfvit to the ab jed condition of 
 thole that plead for themlelves at ihe bar. Now whentheday was come, and that in his ablcnce 
 his name began to be called>L,5ap/o anfwcrcd tor himjand allcdged fickncis to be the caufe why 
 he wasawa','. But the Tribunes his acculers, would not admit ofihatcxcul'e, replying and fay- 
 ing,*- That upon tbe f^me pride of heart, in which he avoided once before, his jud:cialhriall,ancl 
 'Meftthe Tribunes and the whole aflembly, he now alfo would not appear to make his anfwer. 
 ^•_ " Even fo triumphed he then over the people d Rome, when accompanied with thole whom be 
 _ " led after him as priloners ('after he had once taken from them their power and liberty to give 
 •' their cenfure and doom of bim) he (cqueltred himlelt that day, by way of an inlurrciflion from 
 " the Tribunes of the Commons i.;to the Capitol. Well are ye now Icrved tbercfoi e (lay theyjand 
 '•jullly punilhed for that dales tolly and ralhnel's. For lo, how he him elf now aoandonerhyou, 
 " who was youi- motive and leader tben, toforf-.keus. Sec how every day n ore then other our 
 ''courage is fallen and heart abxted ; and dare not we now lend toik to fetch him (sprivat per- 
 «' ion and no more) out out of his farm and hjuie in she country, and make him to appear and 
 •'plead nis anlwer ; unto whom not pad i7yeersago, at wh.ttime as he was General of an ar- 
 " my on land,& Admirall of the Armado by lea. we were fo bold as to (end Tribunes of the Cora. 
 ^&ao TE-dile, to arrell and bring bun away with them to ^owf? In the end,, the tell of the Tri- 
 buns of the Com. being called earneltly unto by L. Sc:pio foi their lawfull favour,(et down his or- 
 der & conclUiion, that if licknefs were allcdged for his cxcufe, and that theie were nothing elfa 
 but it that occalioned his abfence, it fhoula be received for good & lawful, and their colleagues 
 fhoal d ad journ his trial to a fatcber day. It fortuned at that -uni thajT/^. SempromHsGracchfts was 
 one ot the Tribunes between whom St P- Sapiothtx^ was tome quarrel. He forbad exprtlly that 
 his own name fhould oe luhlicribed to t he inltrumcnt of the afo. tlaid decree of his colleagues. And 
 when every man looked to hear^ feme heavier icntence denounced againft ^ScipiOy be awarded 
 
 Aaaa io
 
 8i 6 The eight and thirtieth Book of T. Livius. 
 
 in this marcr/^For is much as L,Setfio cxcufetb ibc abJcnce ot bis brother by fickncls,it is good h 
 " and fufficicut in my opinion.And more then ih at J will rot tot my part lifter ?.S«fieto be ac- 
 '' caied before be rciutn again to Rome. Yea, and ibto tUo, if he call for my btlpirg, b. rd 1 will 
 '•givebim alsift.nce, and liop tbe ccutleof prcctfle jgairft him. Art) as to the main point of 
 '■ the cauie, Ibis is my ttiolmion,tbat P. ^f/;«»btirgadvarced lo highly as he is lo that pitch of 
 '' honor, by bis nc ble and famous exploits, and by ike dignities received at the bards of the peo- 
 " plcot^#«fff asiftotbgodsandmen hadccnlcnied to let him aloft, fctb:m lo come down 
 •' now and ftand pleading below at the tar beneath the EeSfra, »nd thereto have bis cars glow 
 •'and ring again with the checks and taunts of certain green heads and fauficycuths, were a grci- 
 •«ter fliamcsnd disgrace to the people ci R<T>}e, thtn icbimfelf. Naj, bt flaitd rot thus with 
 *' this bare award, but fealed and let It on lurcly with words of indignaticnitcflifyirg bis oifcon- 1 
 ^'tentment for this courfe and manner of prccctding. And fti»ll Scrfio (quoth be, my maftcr Tri- 
 •'buoesj that renouned conqueror of ^/r<ci^, {land under your feet at your dcvoticn/ Defeated 
 ''he and put to fii|2btin5prt/»4 moft brave and rcble Generals of the Catih»ginian55Witbtb€ir4 
 *' entire aimics? Tcokhc-S)p/)<«*ptiforer, varquifhed be A*»«^««^ lubducdbe C<ini<»gpand 
 ** made it tributary unio us ? C baled he hnticcktu beyondthe monrrain Tumtttt (fcr it mnft be 
 ••confeffed, ihatintbis glorjcosconqueft L.Sapith 6 bis brrtbo copartner with him) and all 
 '» tor this, to betrodcn under foot of two Vetiliii And that ye fliould leek to triumph over P. A- 
 •'/r/M««j ? WilUt never be better? Shall grea perlonages; Witball the good deletts of their own 
 *' for all the dignities and honors by yoa upon them conferred) never reach and attain to a Rrong 
 "fort and lure place of defence, wherein they may make account ta be fafc nd paft all danger, K 
 •f and wberin their old ge may reft and repofe, if not with worfhip and bonoutyet at leaft-wife 
 *• in fccunty, exempt from abule and violent outrage ? The fentence it lelt of CrMihttj ^enforced 
 *'witb (uch a fpeechefpecially)moved not others only,but alio the very acculcrs themfcivesj who 
 t'made no other rejoinder again but thus, That they would confider better what tbey might 
 by their place and wb t they ought of duty to do. When the affembly of the people was 
 was broken up, the LL. of the Senat began to fit in councell -, where, the whole order of ihe Sena- 
 tors (but principally the ancients and as many as had been Coniuls^ highly commended and 
 thanked 7/^. Gr«cchut, for that be bad preferred the weiiUpoblick, befote ptivat gtudges and 
 particular quarrels. But the Petiht were well (heat and batted with reproacbfull checks and bit. 
 ter rebukes, in that they woudleemto rifeby the fall of another, and To grace tbemfelves with L 
 the dilgrace of Africar,ui, and leck to triumph over bim andjbc enriched wiib his fpoils. Wcll,af- 
 ter that, tbere was no more words of ScipoAfncttntu. The reft of bis life he pafled at Liternum 
 and never bad mind to come to the City : tbere ended be bis daies in a country village ; and (as 
 tbey fay )be charged his executors upon bis deatb' bed, to inter bim in that very place. And tbere 
 bis tomb or monument was built, becaufe be would not that fo mucb as his funeral oblequies 
 fhould be perfcrmed at Kome, (his native country^ lb untbankfuil as it was. A rare man be was 
 and worthy to be recommended to the memory ot all pofterity .■ howbeit the former part of bis 
 life was more (irgular and memorable, as well for the condud of martiall exploits in war, as the 
 governance of civiU affairs in peac<:, then in bis latter daies. For in bis youib, be followed ibe 
 wars continually ; whereas in bis old age, as bis body decaied and faded, lo whatfoever he did, 14 
 loft much of the wonted beauty and luflre. Befidcs, there was no matter prefented, to employ 
 that wit and fpirit of bis. What ods was there between bis former Confulfliip and the fecond, al- 
 though ye put his Cenlotfhiptoitintbe ballance? What compatifon was tbere, and wbae 
 feniblable thing in that lieurenancyofhis in Afia ? of folittle ornoeroploiment wasit by reafon 
 cfbis ownlScklinefle; and blemifhed withall, by the occalion of tbp misfortune of bis fon. And 
 afterward, his return home again was no lelleunloriunat, for the hard choice wbereunto be was 
 driven, forced of nccelsity to abide tbetriallot a doubifuU iflue in judgment, toquit withall bis 
 native City for ever. Howbeit be alone went away with the honor above all other, of ^nifhing 
 the punick war, as great and dangerous to the Romans as any that ever they made. »^ 
 
 When AfricanttsvJti once dead and his bead laid, his adverl^aiies and enemies Were aloft .-of 
 
 whom, M. Vorcius Cato was the chief and piincipall: a man who was wont to bark ("as it were) 
 
 and rail againlt bim doting his life in regard of bis greatncfs. And it is thought, that the fetilti 
 
 werefet on by him, andpiocured tbtougbhispetlwafion, both in ibe life ot ^/w«i*;*i to have 
 
 drawn out, and alter bis deatb to have preferred a bill in tbis form and manner following : May 
 
 "it plcalc you to grant and ordein, that true feach and diligent enquiry be made, what foms of 
 
 " mtny weret»l<en in prize, carried away, and levied away of King jintiothmstnd thofe wbicb 
 
 "were under his obedience and dominion ; and that of at much therof as came not into the pub- 
 
 *Micktrfafury end chamber of the City, 5«r. ?■ «/f ///*;( the Pi elor of the City) mayprcpofcnnto 
 
 •' the Senat, to ki^.ow their advice and pleafute touching it ; that whomfoever o( all the Preiors q 
 
 " for tbe time howbcirg, it fhall plcafc the Senat to appoint, he may fit in comroifsion and inqui- 
 
 " f.ticn tbei tof. This b)U was fiiR crofted by ^and Iticitu Adftn-mttu^ who tbcught it meet and 
 
 realcntbat the Senat alone (as at all times bcictofote; fliculd m. ke due enquiry otibe monies fo 
 
 purloined and embtzled; as is aforelaid^and not broright into the commcn cbeft of the Ciiy.Tbc 
 
 Petilii charged the Sc/;iw for being over great and mighty and as it wcit KK.in the Senat,to caiy 
 
 all before them. L. Fuutis furfmrtt (t man that had been Conlul; and one of the ten commilsio- 
 
 ners in^/^, was cf CJpinion,that the fojfaid enqaeft (hculd be granted in mote large &smpJe tttms, 
 
 nanucly.
 
 The eight and thinietb Boo\^ afT. Livius. ' §^ 
 
 A nimcly, » touching the mony not only t jken from Antioclus, fcut aUo from ojber Kingi and na- 
 tions .• covertly taxing herein C« lMmUm bis. old enemy. L. Scifio on the oifecj Jlde ftepp«d 
 forth to diflwade this matter ; albeit it was thought be would ruber Ipesk ia dtt^^nct . i bimiclf 
 then againlt the thing. He complained much and Qicwed hisgtievantt, ihanuc.j Dill as this 
 (hould coma forth now, and bt leton foot ttterthrd-^athot his orothei ^fncutuis, ibeiriolt va- 
 " liant knight and noblcft perfonage that ever was. As if \t were not I'ofhwienr, tuat f . ^fricanut 
 " wanted the foiemn Panegyrick oration at the Rofirn after ^is death, hi't he iruft tie accui'ed al- 
 *»ib. Why ? the very Catthaginians are contetited wub the exile oFa««.^4/, ar.d letK no more : 
 " but the people of ^owff is notfatisfiedcvcu with the death otS<r/;>/o, onleiVebotrihiscwnyood 
 •• name after he is buried be wounded arid m i:'.gled and his brother alio (to hii up she mcsfure of 
 g *• mens malice and hatred) be killed ^nd I'acnhctd up'>n his tomb. M. C-«(<>lpake in the behalf 
 '* of the bill,and perfwaded that it might pifle. His oration a& touchmg rbe trealureot Kins Anm 
 ■ //ofi&«/, icextanttobeleen.- apdbythemajtlly ot hiS authority, he diverted the two Mum' 
 mii Tribunes of the Commons, clean away, fr,im interpo!in;j them elves any more. When tdey 
 once bad renounced and given over their negative,aU the tribes in general paficd their voices af- 
 firmatively, r>ir(?§;«/?7>. Alter this, Ser, S»//)/r//«/propo(td unto the Senat, Whom they would 
 appoint tot this cnqueft according to the aft Petiha ? and tbeLL.of the Sen t deputed iX TercK* 
 titu CmUco. This Prctor was fo great a friend to rhe hoo(e of the QomeUi, tlrat ibmc aurhcrp 
 namely thofe, who reoxt how P. 5f/;i/o both died and alio was carried forth to becnteriedat 
 Rome Clor that bruit Tlo runneth currant) have written, How he went at his funetalls before 
 C tbc bier and the mourners, with a cap of libaty or his head, like as he had done before in his tri- 
 umph, and gave fweet wioc or mcde to all tiiol'e that attenoed the convoy, as far as to the gate 
 Cape»a. This honour he did ^c/^/o at his desfh, for that amsjg other piiioners in A/r/c/f;, be was 
 by bis means recovered out of the enemies band.But it fhould fcem rather, that he was /i,ch an c- 
 nemieto that family ,that for the cankred rancm and malice which becirried ag.iinli that name^ 
 he was by the advene faftionofthc5c//)/WjChofenc(pecially of purpole to fit upon & execute that 
 inqoifition.But certain it is,before this Pretot(aii in his cxtremities,who eirber m love &• friend- 
 fliip, or in hatred and enmity, kept no mcan^ inforiuation was given iuimedistely againft L. Set- 
 fio. Prefentments were made likeWi(e,and the names received ot bis lieutenants A. Hoflilias and 
 , Lt Ho^iliut buthC<«roi.- andof his trealurer belides, CFunus hculeo. And to the end that it 
 D fhould appear to the world, that they were all attaint of this crime ot purloming and robbing the 
 publick trcaJ'ure of the common- weal in one complot, there were two fecretaries atfoandone 
 of bislergeaots called into queftion. But thele three laft .mentioned, and L. IhfiUtHs befor-na- 
 mtd,wcte found unguilty and acquit, before Sf/^ w had his judicial! triall •• howbeit Sc^o/oand A. 
 Hoftilins his lieutenant, together with C. Fmius were condemned. Scpia/oi that he (as Valerius 
 ^nttas writeth)io make a more e^fie peace to (he contentment oiAHtiechus^xecexwtd 6000 pound 
 W.-'ight of gold, and 480 pound weight of filver more then be brought into the City chamber. ^. 
 Ho^ilius, for that he like wile dcteined eighty pound weight of gold, and 4ii3 pound of lUver : 
 ^nd turias the Q.ueftor for keeping back to bis own ufe 1 3 o pound ot gold, and two hundred of 
 filver. Thele fums I let down of gold and filver, as I find them gathered and regiltrcd by Valeri- 
 •£ MS htftiM m his Chronicle. Asfor the (um of gold and lilver, which Z,. Sc/;>/o {hould embtzle, I 
 fwould rather think that the clerk or fecretary faulted with his pen in writing the copies, then the 
 .author liedloloud witbhis tongue in the fird inditing of the Otiginall. For it is morclikely of the 
 twain, that the weight ofthe filver was more then ot gold. As ah'o for the fine wbereinhawas 
 condemned, fliould amount but to forty thouland *Seftcrces, then arife to two hundred and 
 forty thouland. And I am rather induced thustocalculat,bccsufeit isUid.ihat P.S<:/^,ohin^!;lf was* e n • 
 required in the Senat to give his account but of luch aium ; and whenhcbaaDiddenhisbro- tf,c for'iri' '* 
 ther L. to fetch him that book of accounts, he took it of him, and there hetbic the Senat, tare sna ^^» Roman " 
 rent it with hisown hands, with indignation, that having brought into the Treai'ury two mili-^^^^ii^i^hrei 
 ons of Sejferces., he was called to his sccount for forty thouland. In which confident boldnefle of ["'^ P'"" 
 F fpirit and courage, when the Q^effors durU not fagainlt the order of law) take forth mony out *"^"S'"*' 
 ottheTreafucy, he called for the keis, and faid he would be fo bold as to Qptn the cherts 
 of the Trealury fince he was the caufe that they were locked. Many things belidcs are diverfly 
 repotted of bo/i'o, eCpccially as touching the latter end of hiS life, his trouble and sccul'ition, his 
 .death, hislnnetals.and laft of ail, of his lepulcbreand tOiVib, which dillraft niCio,that i wot not 
 vvvhat report toclea ve nnto, nor which records to beleeve. For they accord not as confernin" his 
 faccuer. Some write it was ^.A"<«w/«.r, others again lay that they were the i'««//;«;.M- that called 
 •himiohisanfwer. Neither zgrcc they in the time when he was troubled, nor in theyctr, no, 
 nor the place wherein he died, nor yet where he was enterred. Some atfirm he ended his dales 
 G and was buried it Rome, others atiZLufrwuw. And in both places there are monuments and Sts- 
 ines ofhistobs feen.|Forof /.''frwMOTtbereftoodatomb, andover the lame tomb an image or 
 bis perfonage erefted, which of late time weourfelvesfaw overthrown ina tempcff. At Rome 
 like wile without the gate Capena, there be three ftatues upon tbc monument of theSaptaf^ 
 .rV/hereoftwo arefaidto beo[ Ph^. and L.Sr/pii?, and the third of ^^£».'»/«;thc Poet. And ihis 
 ^dliference among authors is not touching his atSs and alFairs only, but illo abouc the very Orations 
 r'u lobe they were the orations indeed of P.Sc';«7&: Titfeaus 6'Mcc/:»».f, which are commonly to 
 laken and caried about, which difagreefo mochas they do. for t be title of tfic oration that goetb 
 ior P. Sct^io-, hath the naoje of M, Nivtus, a Tribune of the Commons : but throu_ih the whole 
 
 Aaaa 2 oration
 
 8i8 J be eight and thirtieth Book of T. L ivius. 
 
 Oration it fcif tbere is no mention t all ot that sccuiers. He termetb bimonc v/b\\eNehui«]^ 
 [^Koavt] ind another wbile Nugator^Covdper.^ In like fort the cratioc of GrocrAwjmakctbio 
 wentjoii at all ei'btroJ the /*«//»/, the accuUrsot /nfncMxr, orohheday alsigntd onto bin. lot 
 his anfwer. And wc muft devile to icU the whole f ale othetwifc, it would have it to ague with 
 tbco'»tionotGr«ffi&wf : and follow we muft thole, uthors ; who write, that when L. jc p/o was 
 accuftd and condemned tcr taking bribes ot King hntiochtis^ his btotbcr ^fucanus was Eln^afl'a- 
 dorinTucjny ; and ujon the new* of bis brothers tnisfoteunc, left bis embsffage and mide haft 
 loRom*. Where be took hi* way dircftly fromthe gate to tbfcoir/mon place (brtbatitwas 
 told liini how hi*, brother was going to pri(on) and tbruU the Icrgeant from his bcdy, yea, and 
 when the Tfibuncstbemfclves would have reltiained him, be ufed violence againd 'hem, and et- 
 ried biri.lc.fintbis»<5lionfo, ashefhewed more kindnefs and love to his brother, then miners j 
 and civility otberwiie. For thu>coinpltinethCr4<rfi&M^ in his oration, that the Yribuncs auibo* 
 rity and power was infringed and broken by a privat perIon.Ai)d in the latter end, when be pio- 
 ini{ed(6alsi[lL.5r/p>0. he knit opbisipeecb wiibtbeie words, that it was a thing mot'- tolerable 
 that both the Tribunitian puiflance and the Ccmmon-weal fhould fceni overcome and lormount- 
 ed by Tribunes tbemfeivcs,<hcn by a privat man. But be aggravated and enforced this one vio- 
 lence and exceisive outrage a^ainn him, in4madeit odious in fucb fort, that in blaming Kim foe 
 iomucbovctfhoocing himfeU and degenerating as it were from bis own nature, berehearlec the 
 commendable partii of hi» moderation andtemperat carriage of himfelfaiurctime, ai d thai ia 
 fogood terms and ampl^ maner^tbat thereby be made him (cmc part ot Amends for tbefh.irpre- 
 prebenfion be uied for the prefent. For be faid, that in times pait behadrcbuV^d and reproved j^ 
 (be people, when they would have made him a perpetuall Con:ul and Dtdtaior ; ti^at r.e had for- ' 
 bidden exprcfly, that any of bis Statues in triumphant babic, (bould be i'et up aid c it&ti in the 
 pu^tick pUces of affemblies, as in the Ctmitium and Cmria, in the CapitoU and cfjappdl of lupuer 
 Oft. Max. Thefe commendable repottsof him, if they were uttered in an oraiion penned of 
 purpofc lor his praiie.muU needs tetliBe and (he w a wonderful magnanimity of bis,in the n.oderat 
 ufe o^ high honours according to a civil port } which an enemy by way ofrepruacb and upbrai- 
 ding him, icknotvledgeth and confcfTetb. But all writers accord, that (7r4rr/;»/, tooktowife 
 tbeyonger of bis two daughters ('for tbe elder without allque(lion was affianced and given in 
 marriage by bis father to P. ^ornthMs N^fica.^ar. it is not fo certainly agreed upon, whether (he 
 was botbbetiothedand wedded .^Uounto him, afters ber fathers death orno. A^ alfo, whether L 
 it be true ('as it is reported) that when L, Seipio was a leading to prilon, Ortcehns, feeing none of - 
 bis own telowTiibunes tofuccourand relcuc him fwaieagrcat oaibandpro.elied tbatbewas 
 anencmy ItiUtotbe Sc>^;0;i as mucbasever he wa:>, and would not do any thing to curry favour 
 wiibtbt-m,or ID come into their grace; yet could be never endure that be ihould be cariedto that 
 pnion,into which he bid feen his brother Africar.ns lead Kings, great generals and commanders 
 of enen^ies, captive. Moreover, that the fame day tbe Senat fortuned to be at (upper together in 
 tbe Capitol.and aroie up all at oiace,and reqn Red A/r<r<t0»/ to affiance bis daughter to Gracehm, 
 before the lupper and banket was ended. Wbicbefpouials being performed with all due comple- 
 ments accordingly, during tte time of that (olemnfc ft, Sc./«,when he wasrcturned home to 
 bi&bouir, laidonio his wifet/£m;//4, tbatbehad fianced and bellowed his daughter upon an bus* w 
 band. i>he then falling into a fit of choler like a woman, and chafing that he had not madeherac- 
 quainted witb tbe matter, and taken heradvice touching the maiden, who was as much her child 
 as his, biakfout into thefe words withall, thai if be had given her in marriage to T/^«r;ajGr<if« 
 chw, yet good reai'on it was that ihe mother fliould have been at the making of the bargain. 
 Whereupon Scipio took great contentment and joy at thjs conformity of judgment in the choice^ 
 and inferred (freight waies, that he was tbe manto whom fbe Wos efpoufed.Thus much I thought 
 good to relate of this worthy and noble perlon, albeit there is great variety of opinions, and di- 
 verfity of writings in thaibebalf. 
 
 After tbe Prctori^. Terentius, had finifhed the inquifition and whole proccflc thereof, Ho;?/. 
 itHtiv6rHrim,}Nho were attaint andcondemned, that veryday put in fufficientfureticstobe • 
 bound in i ccognifance to tbe trcaforcrs of the City, for tbe paiment of tbcit fines. Bat Scipiode- 
 bating the matter (tili,& pleading that all the mony which be had received was in the City cham- 
 ber,&that he bad purloined none of tbe publick treafurCjWas laid hold on to be bad away and com- 
 muted to prii'on.p. Scipit Nafica called unto the Tribunes for their help, and made a (peech full of 
 true prailes and commendations, not in general! only of tbe whole name and family of the Cor- 
 nei$$, butin particular allbofbisowohouliB. And namely healledged andfaid, That himfelf and 
 P. A/>ir.«»*/,togeiber \M'nhL.Scipio(viho now was going to ptifon)bad to their fathers Cn.^cipio 
 *' and P. ^cifiOy mod noble and famous perlonagcs ;;.• thole who for certain yeers in the land of 
 *• S^(i<»,advanccd the renoun and glory of tbe Roman name, maugrethe heads of many captains ^ 
 *' 3t arniics,as well of Cartbaginiani as SpaniardsjriOtonly in martial feais ofwar.bnt alfo in this 
 •' efpecially, that they had given teftimony and proof unto thole nations, of the temperar govern- 
 " ment,& faithful dealing of the Romans .• and in the end both of them (pent their bloud and loft 
 *' their lives in the quarrel of the people oiRome.hni albeit it had been fufficient for all their pofte- 
 •' rity|to maintcin only & uphold the glory from them rcccived,yet P. Afncanns ib far furpafTcd tbe 
 "praife worthy ads of his father, that it was verily beleevcd be was not born of human blond, 
 ^ but deicended from Ibme divine and heavenly race of the gods. As for L.Scipio, who now is in 
 " icouale, to fay nothing of bis worthy a^ which be atchieved in Spain and in jlfriel^when he 
 
 was
 
 The eight and thirtieth Boo\ ofT. Li vius. 8 F9 
 
 A " was lie utenant there to bis brother Conful) be wis both reputed by the Scnat (uf ficient,with- 
 " out any cilting of lots, tT undertake the province of ^y»<»«nd the wjt aginit Kin^ AKthchxt, 
 ^' and alio cfteetned by bis brother ^fricanus fo worthy a perron.that bimlclf who had beer> Con- 
 *^ ful twice, Ccnfor once, and bad ridden in triumph, thought not (corn to accompany hira anco 
 *' hfiA in quality of his lieutenant.In which provinct:(io the end that the greatnelsScrelpIendent 
 " glory ot the lieutenant flionld not dim the brigbtnels of theConrul,and lo drown his vcrtues and 
 " good parts) it lo fell out, that the veryiameday, on which L.^crp/ovjnquil'hed Antiochm 
 " neer Magnefia^P. Scipto lay fick at E/x^yt City dillant certain daies j«Juraie...rieucteatcJ I lay 
 <' an army tbcrr, nothing inferior to that of /ianiUl, wuh whom his brother bad cncountredbc- 
 " fore in Africl^. In which battell among other great commanderi and capi ains under the King, 
 g " A«»/^<<^ was hiinfelf imploiedin petfoo, even he who bad been the grand- General in the Pu- 
 ''nickwar. Which ler vice was fo well conduced andmanaged, that a man poisibly could nos 
 *' find fault To much as wit h fortune, or any accid' nt that oapned there. Ana now when the w»i 
 " is unblamable, there is picked matter of crimination in the peace : and it (they (ay^was bought 
 " and told for money.In wb;ch challenge the ten deputies and afiltancc in councel,are alio touch- 
 "ed and noted with corruption, by whole advife the (aid pescc was granted and cncludcd-WclI, 
 " of thofc ten, there w- re fome that ftepped forth and accuied C« Aianlius : \, et lo ar i tf was 
 •' that accu ation oUheirs from being credited, tnat it did not lomtichasbi-iderandddaj the ve* 
 " ry time ot his tnutnph.But (beleevc mejin Scipto his caie, the ver^' conditions o^ peace lavouc 
 *' (Irongly of bribe-^y andindiredl dcaUng,for that they are advantagcous.relpedive &favoratjlc on 
 C "part 01 \»tioJ-'ui lor his kingdom is Ictc entire and whole unto him j njwtbatheis vauqmfh- 
 '£ cd,hc poU. ff 'D as oiuchas before the war bcgan;andSr//»w having received from him s mighty 
 " maffeofgoldandfilver, hath brought nothing into the common treaftiry, but averted all from 
 *' thencr,and co' verted it to his proper u(e. Why ? wa-; there not caried in pomp at the tnumphof 
 «« L. Sctpto (in the very light of all menjas muchgold and filveras in ten triumphs before(and put 
 '• them all toge-ner; coul ! '.ot be !>.. wed.For wh t (liould I fpeak ofthc confines and frontiers of 
 " bis real ii''Namely,tbai \»i'ichH> brfocetitnc held under his dominion all A/^, and the marcbc* 
 " alio o\ Europe adjoining,? & s;re%i a part ofthe world that is, which cxtendctbfroni the hill Tah- 
 ^<-riUy andlycthoutlo»faras he iE:;eanfea ; how many nocCities only, but fpacious countries 
 "and populous nations K containt.nh,all men know rii;bt well.- is allothat thiscountrcy.bearing 
 D" out in IcnghtbtDoretben J .da'es jjurncy, srd in bredth between two icas ten daies journey, 
 " even as far as to the top ot the mountain Taurtu, is taken ttomylnttochHs,^ be driven into the 
 « utmod angle and corner of the globe of tbtr e^rth ? What could be have been dilTeized of u;ore 
 <'incalc his peace had co(t him never a penny of mony? When F^(A/> was conquered, he had 
 <-^ Maceaouf Icit unto him >' whcnA^'^^fc^ '^as iobdued, hecnjoied iliUL<»<rc-^«a>»»;andnoman 
 ••ever went about to ci!l Quinthu in qucuion f/r it. And why ? mary he had noL to his brother 
 « Scifio AfncAKut, for whoie fake the envy and malice of inen hath defaced and hurt L. Scifio^ 
 «« whereas bis Drothers glory ought to have graced and helped biin. Would any man of lence and 
 " reafoniadg,that!bff.uchgoldandfilvcrwas !'r6ugtJt intothe houfeofL. Sctpio, as maynot 
 "not poisibly be raifed, ifallthegoods he haih were fold to the worth? What fiwuld becoo-,e of 
 r "allthit gold of the Kings? Where be tholegitat pur chafesotlorditups and inheiitances that 
 "he hath ujade therewith ? Certainly it cannot be, but in that houle that h th not exceeded ir» 
 «kipetfiuous cxptnfe. there (hould be Icen lotne heap and mount of this new trcalure. But what 
 "care his enemies for this? That whichcannot be madcof the iublbrcc and goods of L. Scipto 
 «« they will make good on bis boc'y and back ; which they mean to torture (oelike^ and expole 
 " to contumely & viUany.to the end that a man of the bed maik and quality that ever was numld 
 '• be fhut up in a dungeon among robbers Dv the high -way fide, jrocngft r.ight thee ves and cut- 
 *' purfes and there m the bard (locks and bsletull darknefs render his lalt breath ; and when he is 
 « dead *to have his body calt out n»ked at i he pi Hon dorc. But be it whcnloe vtr it (hall this wiU 
 "be no greater Blot to the houle Cor^J.a, then a lliiirefull reproach forever to the City of 
 F Rome Againll all theleremonft ranees, the Pretor Terenioi^ oppoled and read the law Petilsa.ths 
 decree of the Senat, and the lenience given of LSc'p,o,tad he for his own pait laid, he could not 
 do withall, but ifthefum wherein he 'vaj condemned, were not brought into tbs common 
 Treafurehoule.beknew n, other rcmedy.nor ^ha- clietodo,bul to command him(a condemned 
 perfon ; to be apprehended again, and bad away to prifot^. Then the 1 ribunes Went apart tocon- 
 lult and lay their heads together. A ;d within a while after C. FUminuu pronounced aloud, ac- 
 cording to his o .vn idv ice and the opinion of all his •: oliea-.iesr excepting only ijrucchHi)xhKt the 
 Tribui^s would no intcrpofc themlclvcs, but that t h . P. etor might do and execute his oifice and 
 his authority to the foil Bat Ttb. Gracchns let down his own decree lo this form, That as touch- 
 G ingihe lum whereu-L ^cp.o was condemned, he would not be againft it. nor impeach the Pre- 
 tor, buc that he might uc his power iccoidmg to hispid ■^ and take it outofhi» goo.^-s, as far as 
 they would extend, liut that L.Sc,p,i> whohat.iiuDda* ^ mightielt and molt pu.llant monarcb 
 in all the woi ,i,vvho hath drawn out and extendca the uo. i.ds ofthe Roman emDire,as fa. ayiha 
 factheU f rooiiets of the earth; woo hatn obliged and bound Kng £»m.««,the Rbodians & lo ma- 
 ny Cities and States befidcs of Afia, and n ade them jeholdins^ to the people ot Rome toi favours 
 and benefits bcltowedupoTtbem; finally, who bat hhimielt laid up taft m priion,., any a <.^ne.al 
 captain o .• :-. the encoiies; after be kd them in triumph .• that he I lay , (hould lie m prilon & irons 
 ^ Aaat3 *«f°^M
 
 8 2.0 J he nine and thirtieth Book of T. Livius. 
 
 «mone the enemies cf the people of Romt he would never luffer : and therefore he commanded H 
 him to be releafed and fet at large. This decree was beard with lo gieat applaufe, and aU cnen 
 were To ioioustolee L.^f //»/«» delivered, that hardly a man would have bekevtd (unlels be tad 
 ieenit) that there had been fuch a judgement paflcd in thclsmeCuy. Then the Pretorj lent 
 theQucaors or Tre8(uters,to enter and ftize upon all Jbe goods ot L.Sctfio.it) the r^m.c and to 
 th- ufe of the City : whereot there was not to betound, fo much as any one token or mention of 
 the Kings money, no, nor I'o great a Inm could be railed, as the fine came to wherein be was con- 
 demned. The friends, kinsfolk, followers and wellwillers ot L.^cfto^ made Icth •► ccmnbution 
 of mony for him, that if be would have accepted ot it, he bad been a richer man by ids, i hen be- 
 fore this crofle and calaaiitie tell upon him. But he rooknt^ver a d<nier. HisreereO k rfmcnin 
 bloud bought sgain and redeemed as much ot his ow n gooob, as ici ved for biN ntceflarv mamie- I 
 nance and no mote. And the envy and hatred of men intended againft the Scipm, turned upon 
 the heads ot the Pretor and his couaccl), together with the acculers themielves» 
 
 The nine and thirtieth Book 
 Of the Hi/lories ofT, Livius of Padua, from the foundation of the 
 
 City of Rome. 
 
 The Breviary of L. Florns upon the nine and thirtieth Bock. K 
 
 MArcus iEmylius theCsttfulaJter he hadfuhduedthe Ligurians^ MAdetheJlreet or high way 
 /rowPlaifance t « Ariminum,w»»// it met with the »'<i;Flaroinia./» ths loek^are ricoHnted the 
 hf^tnKipgs ofrioto us and diffd'te Itfe hroHght in bj the Afian armj. Ail the Ligurians on this fide 
 Apennine nre tamed and brought under- The Bacchanales {a(jreeki[hfeaft andceiehrated inthe 
 night feefoHy the very lemenarj and tturfe-garden if dlwickedneft.betnggrown to thts tnormitj^that 
 therein was contrt ved a Ci-»fptracj and comflet of a might j multitt$de)wtre now vifited and fear ched 
 into bj the Confttl^ and fut down with the pmijhmem ofmanj per/ens. L. Quintius Flaminipus, the 
 hrothet of\ . Qaintius, was deprived of his Senators digmtj by the Cenfors^to wityL. Valerius Flac- 
 cus, 4nd Mar. Porcius Cato, a rtght excsllent man, as well for feats of arms at peace. J he caufe L 
 ■aas thiSffor thatmhilesbewas Conjul a td governor in Gaol, at the reifuefi cfene Philippus Paenus, 
 a notorious wanton Ganymede whom he loved he flew a certain Gtiul wtth his own hand t or-, as fame 
 have written^ becaufe at the entreaty of an harlot, uponwhom he was enamoured, he beheaded or.e of 
 them tb'itwere condemned. The invcBtve oratien ofL. Czto againft him ts extant. Scipio «/?• 
 varted\<his life at Liternum, attd (as fortune would have hts funeral accompanied with the neath at 
 the fame time of two mof renowned andgreat perfentigcs) Annibal poifoned htmfelf. by occafion that 
 Pruliis i<.'/«^ of Bithynia (unto whom he wa> fled for fuccour after the defeat if King Antiocbus) 
 iveuld have yeelded him into the hands of the Rom. who had fent of purpofe r.Quiotius Flan minus 
 todemar.dh m. Lii^fw//* Philopaemen the General tfiht Achaans, an excellent man, waspoi[o»' 
 ed by the Meffenians,who tsokj}:mprifoner in war . Cotor.ieswe^e fent te?d\\enm,VM%ix\xvn Mutina M 
 rti?<i Parma. Over anabefides this book^contetneth the prefperous affairs ag»mfl theCeltibertann 
 al/o the beginning and caufe of the Macedonian war, whereof the original fpring arole from Ph'hp, 
 mach difconte»ted, that bis Kingdom was empairedb} the Romans ^tn regard that he was forced bj 
 tbemto withdraw hi/gartfon. out o/Thracc anh other parts. 
 
 The nine and thirteth Boo^ofT. Livius. 
 
 During the time that thele affairs palled at Rot»e(ii this were the year wherein they b»p- 
 ned) botb|Con(uls made war againfl: the LigurianSja nation born as it wcrc,to msintam jsj 
 the military dilciphnc of the Romans, .ndto find them occupied in all times of relpit 
 ^cd reft from grcaier wars; neither was there any other province that gave a fliirper 
 edge to the valour of the looldiers, For v^/«« with the beauty of theit Cities, the abundance of all 
 commodities as well by lea as land, the efFeminat tendernefleofthe enemies, andtheroiaityof 
 the Kings riches, had made their armies more wealthy then valiant : and efpecially under the go- 
 \ernii;ent oi'Cneus Alanlius, nu&ed they were in much loofnelTe and neglegtnce. And thereup- 
 on it w js.that finding the way in Thrace a little more rough and difficult then ordinary to travell 
 in, and an enemy better praftifcd and exercifedto dealwithall, they received a great foil and 
 lofle among them, l^ow in Liguria, they met with all things that mighttoule and awake flee- 
 py louldicrs : the countrey rough afid full ot mountains, that much ado they had themielvesto o 
 Iciz tbe lame, and as gre^t a labour they found to dilscize the enemies, that were before pofsef- 
 ed of them •• the waies, fleep up-hill, narrow, and dangerous /or ambuQies .• the enemy, 
 light, Iwift, nimble, and fuddainly letting upon them, giving no time of reft, no plareofre- 
 pclc and lecurity. Drvcn they were of necessity to afsault ftrong and fortifie Ciflles, with great 
 difficulty and danger both.- the countrey poorand needy, which ciufed the fouldiers to Iparc 
 and live hardl/, and aft'orded them no opportunity of preys and prizes •• and therefore no vidual- 
 I<;rs, Iculliors, fouldiets boyes andlackies,folio'.ved the camp;neither the labouring beads for car. 
 tiage, tookup aleogth in their march : notbmg there, but armour and men, rcpoling all hope in 
 
 theit
 
 The nine and thirtieth Boal^ ofT, Livius. g^ 
 
 ^ their arms, and nothing elfc. And never wanted tbey fome matrer of qoarreH, and fome occafi- 
 on or other to make w r; forby occafionof {bcirhjrerieiieand pcfnufy.fhdy'thade rodcs into the 
 lands of their neighbours, but lu, as they nevet ventured all at once, nor put the mairt chiuce itj 
 hazard. 
 
 C, F/(aw»^«/«/thcCon(uI having fcught fundry tiiti'^s with the Frinist Lfguriarts, and in irtany 
 battels gocten the oettcr hind ovet (hem, even at home in their cwn coBntiy,brMoeht the whole 
 ration fay compofition under t&eojedieoce, and dilarmbd them .• bbt becSile in rhe delivery of 
 (beirarinor» they dealt not iuundly and fiirhbily, ar^H (hould hsvefaeen cba^tt'ed tbcitfore, they 
 abandoned thcit viliagcs,& fltd to the mountain y^»g;^«»;whitherthc Conful pijrfuedthem h*r(i 
 at heels: h >wbcir, being disbandci and (cattere-i i^jain, aoci molt of them dii'arthed, they fl.d 
 B into the valley through places where no wayesied and over brokci andctsgged deep rocks, 
 whereas the enemies could not palsibly follow aher, andfopsflci the other \\it oi Asinmne, 
 But 5S m ny as kept (till withiii their hold, were belcf rt und about and overthrown. Then were 
 the legions ledto thefunher fide of i4/)(r«»/»?K;,whcie tne enemies tor a im li wh.le, defended 
 themfelves by the hight jf theplice, taut snon they yeelded. Then was rhtiravmor fought for 
 with more care and dcbgence then Dcfor-, a:ii they weredisfu'r-ifhed and Itnpt out of all. After 
 this, was the war diverted and before turned wholly upon the ApuanLiguri ns, Who had fo over- 
 run the territories ot Pi/aznd £a/i>^;»<«,h»t ihey cou dnot .)t mmuied md tiUea. TheConlulha- 
 vingiubJued them alo-yraoted peace unto the borderers : and ni'W that he had brought the pro- 
 vince into qnietncls and rclf (to the end that his ouldicrs (houid not be idie and do nothing, he 
 C made a cauley orllrcet-vva from Boyjonta to Aretmrn. 
 
 The other Conlul cJW ^y£myliui,Kt\ on Hre the vilUjjeSjand waflcd thelardsof tbeLigurians, 
 as well in the campi;n fieds a;, the valleys, when th? inhit^itsn's themfelves were retired into 
 the two miantainaSj,'//?-! & iu-fmrn mm waich the/ held, vfterwards bcalTailed them alio who 
 had taken the hils aforciaid 'and fiift Wearied ibe.n with I'gh' skirmifties ; a^ferwaids, he forced 
 them to dei'cend into the pi in and there in aiet bartell va qtiihed tbtm ; in vvhich conflift he 
 vowed a ttmplc to D •«».'?, Thus havmg rubdncd,all on this fide /^penmut he then fet upon thole 
 that dwelt be) ond the mountain; amo;',pwho:n vv're the trinn t Ligurians, i^lotar as to whom 
 C. FUniiniMs went not ;) all thole, ^mjlitti, fubdued defpuiUd them of their armour, he forced 
 the multitude of thcmtoforfake the mountains and counedoA'n mtothe plains. After bt bad 
 D quieted the Liguria-iS, heled his army into the coun'rv oFth' G3uh,and miJe an high way frofa 
 VltKentiit\o Ar»»»»»«»», foasit mit with thccaufey Flaminia: and in the lalfbsttell, wherein be 
 fought with banners difplaicdagainft the Ligurians, he vowed a temple toQuterj /«w*. Ai^d 
 thcic were the exploits for that ycer, in Lignria, 
 
 M.FurtHi the Pretor in (7<««/, leeking in time of peace for fome pretence and colour of war, 
 h'd taken from the Cenomins their armour notwithllandmg t'ley were innocent and did no 
 harm. The Cenomsns made complaint hereof at Rome to the Senat, and were puj unto ibd Con- 
 ful cy£»»;//<«,unto whom the Senat had dirededacommKsionof e/frand detetmiKer^ After greaj 
 deoate with the Pretoc, they overthrew him in the aftion,a^d hid their armour delivered unto 
 them again : and lothe Prctor was commanded to give over his govetn.Tient and depart our of 
 E the province. 
 
 After this.theEmbadaiors of the Latin nation, who affembled and r- lotted in great number 
 out of all p ris oi L<i;/«w had audience given them in the bcnat. Thele complained, tbattha 
 greit multitude of their own naturall citizens, were removed and gone to inhaoit in Rome^ a^.d 
 there were enrolled ; whereupon a commifsion was granted to Q.. Tercmhis Cull.-e the Pretor,to 
 make learch for (uch : and look how many cf them thofe L»tine allies could prove to have been 
 enrolled (either themlehres or their fithersj in any City or corporsrion of theirs, either at the 
 timethn C. Claudius ^v^iM, £,. •://«/ were CenforSj or after their Ctnioilbip, to force thofe t» 
 return thither gun, where they had been entred or matriculated. By vettueof thisinqjilition,fo 
 thenumDctot 120CO Luins returned home again into their own country .• for now the City of 
 F Rome vv« overcharpcd ai.d pcCtered with a multitude oi Grangers and forrciners. 
 
 lietcre th»f the Conluls repaired to /lowifj yJ/. f;./j'/«i the Proconful returned out of yEr^/Z^* 
 who; fterlic h d dilcou. led of his exploits performed in i^tcliaiViiCepha!enia,btkxQ[hz':)Q- 
 n t afl...n led inthetea:plc of ^/(sZ/Oj rtquelted oftbeLL. to judgit meet and rcquifu, sni ac- 
 cordiiig i to grant and ordein, that praife and thank giving might be rendred unto the immortall 
 gods, and himl'clf allowed 'o triumph, for that he had lb wtU and happily managed the affairs 
 of the com.non-vvejl. Then ftept forth AI, y^^«r/«/ a Tribune of the Commons, and declared 
 openly, Th t in cafe they went ajoQt to pafle any accrcc in that behalf, bJorethecotningof 
 M. JEwi/iHi the Con(ul,he would ctofleit.- for that the Con'ul himfelf was minded (o contradiifl 
 C that proceeding, and had given (f rtigbt charge unto him, at what time as be took his journey to 
 the pVnvnc; .that (he conlu'.t tion of this matter fhould be rcferved wholly uniill his return bo.iic. 
 And F«/«'/«j(quoth he) fh 11 lofe io much tinrc- and wbe:) the Conful himfelf isprefent in place to 
 xisill, then nrg.it the Senat move wh.t decree it pleafed them. Then anfweted A<f. F-dvius and 
 (aid, "■■ If men were ignorant either of the grudg and quarrcll between me and Af.JE.n.fffUs,ot 
 I' vvith wha? outtagious fpirit and Kinglikc cholerard indignation he pnrlued the laid cjinity- 
 c and V 'riance, yet it were not a tolera ole thing and to be endured, that the ablcnc^ >i tha Con- 
 t( lui iliuuid both impeach the honour due onto the immortall gods, and alio hinder and ftsy the 
 
 triumph
 
 82 1 I he nine and thtnieth Booh, of T. Li vius. 
 
 " triHmph vbicb I have fo joftly deferved i th»t i Generall ( 1 ity) who had lo \vcr.bily tchie- H 
 *'vcd his fervice, and an army lo viaorious, (boald Hay and give attendance without the City 
 « gates umill it plcaled the Confu! to re (urn honit'.wbo no dtufct ot vety puipofc and on icl ptot- 
 '» po(e, npon ibis occafion would a^ake flow baft and take his leifure. But now corfidenng that 
 " the ermitj- and heart' burring that ibc Ctnful beatctb to nic is lo roicricus as it is, Wbat u:dii- 
 « hrency and realonsble dcalifg Diay a man look for at his bands ? who tskirgtbe advantage of 
 "the iime,wben aiiraUrumbeioi Senators weteiflembled, caofed an aftohhc Strat topaffe 
 " by ftealfb, andentred it imbe treafurc bcuic, conteinirg thus mucbin tfffft, that jimbracia 
 "(hould not be reputed as a own forced by aflanh> notwiibUarding it weiea^Tailed with 
 *' mantilcii and platforms; where wc were driven to ereft new fabricks, and plant other cn- 
 *' gins and ordancc of war after the former were conlumed with fite: where we maintained fight i 
 "about the wals, as well under the gttmnd as above, iortheipaceof m daies togeibcri where 
 *^ after that Jthe fouldiers had Icaled and gained the wals, the conflifl endui ed not withftindmg a 
 ''long time doubtfull, from morning to night j and where wereflain above scco er cmitsNow as 
 «• loucbin^ the (actiledg cou,m)tcd( after the City was forced) in Ipoilmg the churches ot the im- 
 " mortall aodswhat a flander tbink ye.hatb he raifed of me? wbat a matter bath he made thereof, 
 *'«nd bow he hath intormed the Pontifies and Bi(hops?unlefle a mar. would lay ,r hat lawful it was 
 ''rotfortheCity of ^ow<r tooe gamifhed & beautified with the ornaments ot5»rdf«/<i smother 
 " Citisjs won by force ; but the law of Wat extended it to this only City of AmlrMta ? I belecch 
 ''youtherforc theLL.of tbeSenat,yea, and 1 requtft the Tribuns,not to luffcr me ro he mocked 
 •« and abufed by a mod infolent and proud advcrUry. Then at all hands they dealt with the Tri- K 
 buna, fome intteated him,oth€r rebuked and blamed him .• but the Iptech of Tib. Gracckus{ox\t of 
 hii colleagues^ moved biio mod of all others •• who (hewed, that it waj no good precedent and 
 example, that men fhould maintain and follow their own privat quarrels iti time ofmagiftracy 
 and publickgovcrnment.but a fhamffull matter and a foul indignity it was, and much belceming 
 theTribnosottbe Commons and theic lacred laws, that a Tribune ftiouldbe Prodor to othec 
 men and prolecutc their adlions and enmities." Men ought(qd. hcjsccording to their own dilcre- 
 *'tion and judgment, either to love or hate the perfons.toliKe or diflike the caufe; not to depend 
 " and b ng upon the countenance and beck of others, not to be earned to and fro with the wils, 
 *' pleafure, and appetites of other men. As ifSt the Tribune ofthe Commons bere,bc accordeth and 
 *'■ taketh part with a cholerick and tetly Conlul, and remembrctb well what M,£,mjttiu left with L - 
 *' bim in privat cb rge ; but forgeiteh altogether that chc Tribunfhip was coiuijted uniuhimby 
 *' the people ot Rvme : committed I (ay and put into bis hands for to afsift privat pcrlons, and to 
 " maintein their liberiits, andnot to uphold the Kioglikerulc and aroialty of a Confol. Never 
 *' feet h he thus much bclore bira, that it will be written anoth-^r day in the Ann, Is and ytcrly 
 *' Chronicles, that of two CommoncrTribuns in the lame fellowQiip and fociety,onc for the love 
 '• ofthe Comrnon-weal renounced and gave over his own privat dilpleaiure and enmity to a par- 
 " ticular perfon, and tde other took charge as it were by way of Commifsion, to purfue the quar- 
 " fell ot another mm. The Tribune could endure no longer thefe rebukes and cbecks.and thcre- 
 whh departed out ofthe temple : then the Pretor 5<r.5«//»r/«/ propounded the bill the (econd 
 time; and fo a triumph was granted {oyW.f»/t'/»/.Who after be jiad rendred great thanks to the m 
 LL. of the Senat, added moreover and laid, tbarthc very day wherein he forced the City jimbrtt- 
 cia^ he had by vow promifed, tot h" honor ot lupter Opt, Max. for to exhibit the great and fo- 
 lemn Rom. gifiies.A.nd tothat cffedthe C'lthn oi Greece hid contributed towardsfhcchargesja 
 huridred pound weight in gold ; bis petition was therefore, that the Senat would ordein that out 
 of that mals of money which be w <s to carry and fhe w in triumph, and meant to beftow and lay 
 upin the City Trcafury, the foriaid fum of gold might be fequeflred and refcrved apart for the 
 proper u'e abovenamcd. The Sr;iat c iminaodcd, that the Colledg ofthe Prclats and Priefts in 
 this cafe (lioutd beconfulted with, and toeir (^ vice demanded, whether they thought it nece0ary 
 that (o much gold fhould be Ipentand confumed lo the charges ofthe faid games f The Prelats m 
 made anfwer again, that it wasnoi materialltorelegion and to the fervice ofthe gods, tobow 
 great a great aieckning loever the charges of the games (hould arife. Whereupon the Senat per- 
 mitted f«/'Z'/i« to defray what he <• ouldhimlelf,loasit exceeded not the (um of 8oocc[]rtfles.] 
 He had propoied to triumph in the month ot lAnuAry . but bearingtbat ty£mj/»utthc Conlul(who 
 was advertiicd by letters, that A^«r'/»/ the Tribune ofthe Comons bad renounced and let fall bis 
 oppolition rtbith hecon menied)was coming in piropcrperfonto^oTOffjonly for to binder the tri- 
 umph, and Itaid by the way fick ; he prevented the day, for fear he (houid have had more anger 
 and ttoublein his triumph, then during bis war. Souportheaiday ot Decemberhs triumphed o- 
 ver the ittolians and Cephalema. Before his chariot there were born lor crowns o( gold, weigh- 
 ing 12 pound apeece; otlilver 83 oco pound weight,- of gold ,<43 pound weight; of AttickTetra- q 
 drachms 1 18000: of Philip pecccs of gold coini2n22: imagesof btaffe 785 : ofmarbleajo. 
 Like wile of armor, as welldefenfiveas otfenfivc, and other fpoil ofthe enemies, an huge deal,be- 
 fidts Catapults, Balills,andiother engins and peecesof battery. Moreover,thcre went before bim 
 27 capt 'ins either .€tolians and Cdphalens, orelfe under King Antiechuj, leltby bim in thofe 
 parts. The fameday before that he entred into thcCity,hebe(towed in the cirque FLmimtuminy 
 military gifts upon many colonels, captains, horfmcn and centurions, as well Roiuans as allies. 
 Cieneraily to all the footmen he gave out of the pillage 2 5 Denarii apccce : twice as mucb,to the 
 centurions, and threefold to horlemen. Now
 
 The nin * an I thirtieth Djj^ ofT. Li vias. 8i 
 
 A Now ipproachcd the timcof thc<olcmnafleml-)lyfor theele^^ionof Confuls. and berroig 
 M.Mmjltiu wtoleU'tit vns 'o bcpiei-.denttbeitor, ct D.Jnof be puftnf St fht US' ( .f/ m'fuut 
 tumttwi c^i-Ofpoit u> Rtmt By u-h m wtitcreared Cc riu's Si 9 oft i tt»,,tis /iih kh*, ar.d Q 
 MaritMi ^hllifut. At'ti tlijf Vf It Fif 'orstltflt-r, tc wit 7 . A. let'im., l.( ot»,l.i$(j '^KicaCl 
 CalfmniMS Ptfo^ A1,Ltctnins\McmllH' ,C' huicliue Sc.mus. spH ],. '/tonu:, Crijf uus fnihi"end 
 ot the laid yter- afiei tftt niagiluitts wctc fhu*crciiei^, < ». ^«ii/;»fj f^^/y^ tht i hit d day bf fore 
 the Nontsof A/^rfA ifumphedovtr rh<j ':jauls \vho mba it A/?.*, '.be caue why he triu.n- 
 phed lot 'e, was cnis/fT that be would a»oid miknghis an(wp (sccoidngforhc!!'^ of />(//.«,) 
 whiles Q^Terenfui r*//,, wi.s Pre tor, tearing he fliotfld barn in the H»mc of the amcicntcncd 
 ■nd judgoient wbcTrb^LSop/o hadaeenconde .ned,"r left the fluncotsnotber mios juJcmtfiit, 
 g 1 mean the Itn-tncc wbtrbv L. ^cifio bad been cotidetnncd, voud iiavc oeen too hot *or hir t.ij 
 caught h!.>ld of hiui likewiic : conlidcring that the jury a-id cnquelt -vcre 'no e incenfcJ *ad no* 
 vokcd againrt him then \icifto ; for thai be luceccedmg after him, had ipo'lcd and i; arrcd u jrh 
 all kind of'lictntious loolneis, the military di.ciplinc. vvnch Sc/pe had oblcrv Jmolt piccnely 
 and levcrely. Neither was he nctt;d and touched m nstnc for thole things o.ly which bv bare 
 bctrfay were reported to have been done in 'hepro»incc,tarrtmoie romthe Ucwof mcnbo- al- 
 io otthofe particular inltinces to be (een daily in the demeanor f h<s uuldiers. For v.-rily tha 
 forein excetfc andltrarge lupeifluities look O ginning f on, the Afian army, wbobr'>Ui;ht^U 
 Wiihtheni into the City. They were the lirlt with m/?oi»f that took up the ufe of bni en tables 
 of rich counterpoints, carpets, cupboord-cloths, hangings and cnrreins of (u dry kinds of tydue. 
 Q Likewifc of one footed ftanrling tables, buffets and cupboords, which in thofe diies were coun- 
 ted magnificent tid itatc'y moveables, rhcncameup the miner of having at o»ak-islinging mini- 
 ken wenches and luch as could play upon the dulcimers or other initruments oi uiu'ick, with dan- 
 cers, jcit ers and other pa{>imcs,and dclightfome plcaiures »nd firs of mirth s; the rable. Then b gan 
 the boord to be furmlh-d and let out with more exquifit & deiniy viai).*s,a.-;d of greater exptrile. 
 TheoC'Joks, whom old time were rtpuied the molt contempu'e llaves, as well for ciUm" a»c- 
 ftimation, astbr theufe they were put unro, came tobeingteat r. qufft : and that which before 
 lime; was ■ mecbanicall kind of manujl lerv ce, grew now to dc accv>mpted a Icience of deep skill 
 and under It andinp. And yet all thefe things th tthen bare fo great a flie vv, were fcarce lo tnucli 
 IS fnjall feeds ind (lip?, to the excdsiTc fuperfl iities iha-' were to cniuc. 
 jj Well, C. M*»itHt caned in triumph two hundred crowns of maisic beaten gold, weighing 
 twelve pound a pccce •• ot filvt-r aaojoo p^und weight .• of gold 1 1 ©i pound weight :ci Attick 
 Terradracbms 1^70^0 ; ofCiftophors 35 icoo ; ot Phihp golden pceces 16 j o. Alfomucb ar- 
 mor there was and ipoiis of Gaulo carried in flicw upon Wagons .• and 52 captains of enemies 
 were led oefoie bis OvVn chariot. Ationgit the (ouldiurs he gave a donative of 42 denarii apeece, 
 he doubled the lame to every centurion. Alio to every footman he gavu douolc pay, and to every 
 borlman triple. Many there were tf all States and degrees, whom he lewardcd with military pre- 
 lents tor elptcitl ier*icc,and thole followed ntx' after the chariot .The (ouldiers chanted fuch fopgs 
 tnd loni)ets,as a man mtgh*. eafily (ee they were compoied to feed the humor of a Gereral defirous 
 of glory, and one that made much of bis fouldiets eipccially ; whereby his triuntjph was more bo- 
 norcd With the affeftionat favour of them, then other wife rtcommcndcd and ciltbratcd witbthe 
 ^ hi.aity love of the people.Hnwbeit the friends of^4»»/.»/(erv£d himingoodftead to A^in the good 
 will of them a'fo through whole lolliciting & earntft endevour,tbcte pafltd an aft of the 6enatjth.t 
 ouiofthar mony which had been (hewed in triumph there lliould be repaied unto the people that 
 fublidy which bad been levied among them fot louldiers pay, and not yet contented back again. 
 Sotbc rtcafurers of the City made true and faithi'ull paiment with all diligence of a j afles and d. 
 in every tbouland [Jox theloan.3 
 
 About the lame time two Colonels came out of both provinces of Sf<i/«, with letters from C. 
 
 Catmtut and L. M4nlti(i the governors there •• by which letters intelligence w^s given, (hat the 
 
 Cclubcrian*; and Luiit.ns were in arms, wafting and (poiling the lands ot the Rom. confederats, 
 
 > The Senat referred the en'ire confultation of this matter ta the newMagiftrates. During the time 
 
 of the Roman gsmisth t yttr whichP.Cerwr//«/ Cethegu!,vaA hu/us PofihMm'iis^li>tnHj:eprc~ 
 
 i'ented, accttemmift or high pole which flood not faft in the ihcw place called CircHimaximHs, 
 
 felt down upontheimigeof P9//f«f;4, andovtrthrcw it to the ground. The LL. hereupon mado 
 
 lorn? Icraplc in coiilCience,andordeined,that the folemnity of thofe games (hould continue ona 
 
 daylongo, and caulcd two images to be let up for that one, andthtt the n wihould be all gilt. 
 
 Likewiic the Pleoeian plaie; were renewed one day more, by the.^.diles,C. Semprotttis BUfusSc 
 
 M.FnriMs LufcHs. Iht yeet following averted t)\cCQai\x\% Sf.PaflhumiHt hlhnMs^ic M.Mar- 
 
 tint Phtlippus trom the army, from the regard I fay ot wars and government of provinces abroad, 
 
 Q totbepuniftimeni of a CErtainintcftineconpitacy at home. The Frctotslaft coftsfortbeit provin- 
 
 cej.T. //*«««j iiad tht juriidiftion of the citizens, andM. Licmms LtKttllntbtKwcincv\zcn% Sc 
 
 fttangers. Uato C, Annlins Scmrus tell the governance o{ Sardtvu, an) to P- Cornelius SuiU of 
 
 SciljxL. OMintiHsCnffin ts was afsigned to the hither Sf»im, and P C.*lpnrHHt Pifatutho 
 
 farther. Bo;h Consuls were enjoined 10 make inqailltion into lecrctconlpiracies within tne City, 
 
 There was accttain Grecian of bafe degree andcondition, whocime fiift in Hetrt/yia ■ a 
 
 mannot endu.d wr.hiry of thoic arts, whereof the nation ('of all others iroH learncd^ihattl 
 
 brought many unio U;>,as wcliot the ctuditionof our mu}<is,K the trimingofonr bodies:but afacri- 
 
 ficing
 
 82 4 ^^^ ^^^ ^^^ thirtieth B(?4 ^/ T- JLivius. 
 
 ficing prieft he was, and a divining wiratd^ballNdthcr was ii ofte that ii]ideoBt.ward pro- H 
 fefsion of reaching men, and thereby getting a living openly, and foby anoptniTiewbhcligien 
 poffefled thcit heads and minds with feat and horror ; but the knowledge he had lorjboth for cer- 
 feio hidden and fecret lacrifices. Thele myOerics of his at firft he taught but unto a tew, howbeiJ 
 ifterwa rds they begjo to be communicated and divulged as well to men as women ; and to this 
 religion were added plcafureS and delights ofwineand good cheer.to the end tbaimore cuftomers 
 might be allured and enticed for to have a liking thereof. Now when wine bad diowned and 
 dulled the underftsnding .• when the night fealbn, whcnihc entermmglingof menand women - 
 together one with another (and namely, they of ycng and tender yccrs, withthofe 6i elder agej 
 M clean put out and extinguiflied allrefpea and regard of fliamefafthondty.- there began firft 
 to be praftiled all (orts of corruption, for every one had all pleafurei ready at commandment, and x 
 ^is choice oftbole whereto by nature he ws more prone and given to lufl after. Neither was 
 there wickednefs committed here, ofone fort, namely, the abufiog of mankind and womenkiad 
 one with another without diftindtion : but out of this ftiop and workhoufe proceeded hire wit- 
 neflfes, forging of feais, deporuions^andteftimonies; and more thenlo, wrong and untrue in- 
 lorniations. From hence came thedivelifh caftofpoifoning, and privy mutdctsofthenecreltof 
 kindred in one boufe;and the (ame lb fecret.that otherwhiles the bodies would not be found to be 
 commited to the earth. Many finfuU parts were there played byway of fraud, guile, and cun- 
 ing coufenage ; but more by apett force. As for violence, i; was kept dole and bidden, by reafon 
 that with the hideous noifes, with the found oftymbrels,tabors and cymba!s,rhereco(ildt)6 voice 
 be heard of fuch as ctied out,when either they were forced to villany and abufe>or beaten to deafb. k 
 The infeftion of this catching poifon of Hetrttria, fpred as far as Rome, like a contagious malady. 
 M the firft the fpacious capacity of the City.having been ufed to wink and bear With fome enor- 
 mities, concealed all : at length revealed it was to the Cof. Po/?A«w/V«, much aftertbis maner. 
 TbeBJcchi- J". £^«f/«f^whole father had ferved in the wars in quality of a gentleman ot iJowf withaCi- 
 nals detefte.}. ty horfej left an orphan, after that his guardians were likewife deccafed,bccame Wat d to his mo- 
 thet.D»r<>Mta and his father in law(her fecond husband) T, Semfronins Rut/iias.atidet whom be 
 jiad hjs bringing up. Now as bis mother was wholly devoted and obfequious tinto bet fatlsband, 
 fo his father in law had fo handled the matter in his gdardianfhipthat he could make no good ac- 
 compt thereof, and therefore his defire was.that either the infant his ward fhould be made iiWay, 
 or elfe obliged and enthralled unto him. The only way to compaflTe and bring this about, was the h 
 'corruption and abufe of the Bacchanals.The mother thetfore upon a time called her fon unto her, 
 And told him, that fhe had made a vow for him when he was fick, that (o foon as ever he ihould 
 recover and be well againfhe would prefent him to the priefts of Bacchus to be conlecfatcd and 
 pro'feffed in their myfteties; and now.quoth ftie,(eeing that by thcgoodnefs of the gods thoa art a- 
 mended, and I thereby obliged by the bond of that vow, 1 will acquit my felfthercf, and per- 
 form it accordingly. She bare him in hand therefore, that he muft Jor ten d ,yes l?vc chart, and 
 not touch a woman,and at the ten dayes end alter he had taken his (upper, and was wel walhed 
 and purified , after the manner, (he would bring him into the holy place of thofe facredmy. 
 fterics. Nowthere wasafamjusftrumpet,by condition abond woman enfranchifed.named////^ 
 ■p»UFepit$a, too good, I wis, for that occupation which Ihculed While fhe was a yong wench yi 
 and bondlervant : but yet ftill after that fhe was manumifed and in frank ftate of a free denizen, 
 (be maintained her lelf by the lame trade and manner of living. Grown (he was into familiar ac- 
 quaintance with the fore(aid yong Ebmins, by reafon they were ncer neighbours, and dwelt not 
 far afunder.- yet lo, as (hi endamiged not the youth one Jot either in charging his purfe, or touch- 
 ing his credit. I^or Qie it was that firft was inamored upon him, and him fhe woed : and for as 
 much as he hid km fnort allowance every way from his mother and father in law, and by tbetn 
 kept hardly, he was maintained well by the bounteous liberality of this loving harlot. Nay,more 
 than that, incontinuanceot time ftie was fo deeply ingaged in him, that when her own patron 
 '.was deadjsnd her I'eif at the difpofitionof none,flie lued untotheTribqnes and the Pretor forano- kj 
 ther tutor, bec^uie Hie meant to make herlaft will and teftament, wherein (he declared £^»r/«f 
 her only htir in remained er to alltht fhe had. There palfing thus between them thefegages and 
 I pledges ot love, and they uQog to empart the one unto the other the lecrets of their hearts, the 
 
 yongyouth by way of mery and pleafant talk,willed her one day not to marvellor think any ibiog 
 in it, if for certain nights he lay away and parted beds with her .* for th^t upon a religious zeal 
 and devotion that he bad, he was minded for to be profelTed and confecrated by the Prielts oiBac^ 
 chuj, and all fo be afloiled from a vow made in regard ofhis health. The woman heating him fay 
 lb, and trcu led in ipint, Mary godfoifend,(quothfhe)andl would notthat for all thcgood in 
 the worlc). And better it were for me and you too to die both at once, then (o to da : and with 
 that fhe threatened, (he curfed and banded, wifliing all milchiefand plague to light upon them q 
 that had put fuch a thing into hisjbead.i. Theyouth wondred much to hear her words, andto lee 
 her fo to tare and takeon beyond all reafon and ordcr,bcfecching her of alloves to becontef)t,and 
 to foibeat thofe curfcd fpeeches, and faid it was his own mother, by tbeconfent of h)sf:5- 
 thtc in law, who had enjoined him fo to do. And is it that father iu law ofyours,, quoth fhe ^for 
 peraj venture 1 fhould not do well to bl me your mother)that haftneth you by this aftion of yours 
 to make fhipvvrack of your honefty and chaftity, of your credit and good nam&,your hope another 
 day, and latlly, to h zard your very life? Hereat the yong man marvelled much more then be- 
 fore
 
 The nine and thirtieth Bool^ ofT. Livius. 825 
 
 ^ fore, tnd defined cirneftly to know the depth of all this matter. Then after fliehad prayed all 
 gods.tnd god Jefles to pardon ber.if for tender love and affet^ion that fhe bare unto bim,(he could 
 neither wiU nor chufe but reveal thole lecrets that indeed were to be concealed, fhe let tale on 
 end and laid "That (he her lelf once entred into that chappel,whcn as (he waited on her millreffe, 
 •' but fmce that (he was made free and at herown liberty, fhe never (et foot within ihedore. 
 "And upon my knowledge (qd.fhe^it is the very (hop and workhonle of all wickednefs that 
 " can be devifcd. Andnowfor certain thele two yeershft palt, there is roi one profeded and 
 ^* aamitted to thnfc myfterics there, who is above 20 veers of age. So foon as any one is induiled 
 «• and br.)Ught thither, fhe or he isdelivered to the priells s$ a very lacrifice to be killed : for they 
 " lead them to a place whicH reionndeib with yelling and crying, wifb hngirg ot di vci $ conioi ts, 
 B '* wicb jangling noile of cymbals, with thumping & btaiing of tabtrs,to the tnd that the voice of 
 <• any one that cryeth and cotnplaineth of totes; and violence done to the a'oiite of bis or her body 
 *' might not be beard. Now I beleech you tbert.fore,andot all loves I pray you, that in any ca(« 
 "by one means or other you avoid this, howioeveryedorand plunge not your lelt headlong tbi- 
 *' ther, where firlt yon ihsll be lure to endure and luft'cr, and afterwards to ptrpctrat and commit 
 ''all abhom'ir.aDle wjckcdnels not to be rained. And never would (he let the youfb go from her, 
 untillbehad made ber faitbt'ull proiniie to aoll tin and forbear fuch mylteriis and ceremonies. 
 When he was come home, and that bis mother was in band with bim,tellin^him whatbemuft 
 dotoisday and that day,and lo toctb;he (latly denied and laid plain'iy,bc would do neither the one 
 nor the other and at one word, profcfled and conlccrated he would not be, whatfoevcr came of 
 Cit.His father in law waspteient and at one end of this relolute Ipcech of bis. His mother (^raight* 
 waies cried out and (aid, that he could rot find in his heart to lie apart from Hi/pa/a oneten 
 daie$,and that be was lo far bewitched and envenomed witb the chat tns 5c poiioned allurements 
 ■nd ■ its ot that falfeferpent and perilous Hydra, that be bad no terpcftivc regard either of bis 
 mother, or Holders husband no.nor any reverent fear of the immortall gods. The mother rated 
 bim of one(ide, the farther baited and courled him on the oiher, till in the end tbcy hunted hiai 
 out of dorcs with4bondfljves befides. The yong man betook him'.elf to £^«ri<}, an auntthatbe 
 had by bis faiber fijc, anj tliewed ner the whole matfer, wby his mother bad tbruff bim out o{ 
 her houlc ny fhi bead and fhoulders.- which done, by ber advice and counfell the next day be o- 
 penei and declared be lame in great ecret, without tbe bearing of any earthly creature, to the 
 D Coniul Po|^^•mmtttfX'^e Coniul commanded bim to repair again unto him three daies aftcr.ttJd Co 
 for ihtt time diimilkd him. Tbcn the Coniul in the mean 'jfrbile enquired of his wives mother 
 SMipt M, tbraveand lober matroa whether flie knew an old wile called Eb»t%A dwelling in the 
 Av<»^<»^ f Yes (bat I do qd (he, and I know ber to be an honed dame, and a woman of the old 
 world, and few herlikenowadayes. I muff needs (peak with ber ^qd.be^ and therefore I would 
 have you (end a ineffcnger unto her,fot to wiIlhertocoinebitber.fe*«/Mat the firtt (ending came 
 unto Snlf'tta , and the Conful within a while Torted (as it were by chance) into theircompany^Sc 
 began to findfomctalKof ber brothers Ton £^«r/*i; with that the woman eyes Hood fuUof wa- 
 ter, and with tear j fhe began to bewail the ca(e and mifhap oftbeyongmin; who being fpoiled 
 ofaH his goods and patrimony ("by thole who of all others (hould leaft have done it) was now at 
 E home in bet houle, chafed and driven out of doors by bis own mother •• for that the honeft good 
 youth (uod blefle us all and be mercifull unto us^ was unwilling to be confecraied and admitted 
 tocertain filthy and detellable facrificcs (ifallbetruetbat 1$ reported thereof.) The Confulbad 
 enough now, and was fully perfwaded ot EbuuM,ihu be had told bim no lie. Then he gave £- 
 imi4 leave to go ber waies home, and requeued his mother in law Sn/pjtia aforefaid, to fend 
 like wile for HifpmU from thence out of the hvcmine to come unto ber $ a woman (qd.be j affran- 
 chi(cd at»d well enongh known to all the neighbours of that Itreet .• (or that I have lomevvhit al(o 
 to lay to her, HiJp»U was fomewbat difqaieted at this metfage,to think that (he (liould be fent n 
 
 for to fo noble and honourable a dame, and knew no caufe wherefore. But aftet that (he i'aw the 
 Liftors before the entry of the doorc, the troop and train alio belonging to the Conful, and vvith- 
 F allibcConfulhimfeU in petfon, flic was altonied and fin manner) half dead. The Confu J taking 
 with him his wives owtbcr, had the woman into an inward room of the houle, and laid unto 
 her, that (he need not to be affraid, if lo be (lie could find in her heart to tell the truth ; and for 
 tflarancc thereof, fliefhouldhavethefaitbfull word and prcmife either of b*//>;//4 falady offo 
 good credit and reputation) or of bimlclt if need were. Only he would have her to utter and de- 
 clare wbitwss ordinttily done at the grove of5«'ff»«/!^<i in the Bacchanals, where they ufed to 
 lacrifice in the night fealon. The woman had no fooner heard that word, but (he fell into fuch s 
 fear, trembling and quaking all over her body, that for a good while Ihe was not abletoopen her 
 Ups and ipeak a word .• but after (he was come to her felf again out of'ihis trance, and by thetn 
 G heartoed and encoutaged,(he faidjtbat when (he was a very yong wencband a bond-maid,flic,to. 
 gciber with ber milhefle, wis there pcofcded and confecrated .• but for certain yeers of late, and 
 namely (incc that (he was affranchiled and made free,(hs was not acquainted with the place,nor 
 wUtnot what work was there. I con thee thanks tor this yttCqiiotb the Conful) that thou denieft 
 not buwtbou wertthete entred into that profefsion ; but (ay on and tell out the red as truly and 
 faithfully. She anlwered again, that, (he knew no more then (he bad already difclofed. The Cof . 
 replyed upon ber and laid, that in cafe fhe wetetikcnin atrip, & that another came forth to he* 
 face & reproved b:r, (he (hould neither find the f^tne pardon,nor, have the like favour at bis bandr
 
 ^26 7 be eight and thirtieth Book of T. L i vius. 
 
 isofherwife flie might if of her feUfheconfeffed the thing , toralmucb as be who had all f rooi h 
 your own mouth, hath already c'ifcovered ihe whole. The woman knew where be was then, and 
 was perfwadcd veiily (as it was indeed) that Ehuttns was a blab o\ the tongue, and Badievealed 
 this fecret : whereupon fhc fe Jl down at the feet ofSttlpitia ; and firft began in molt humble man- 
 ner to b£(ecch bcr,that fhe would not iuffer, that words of courfe pafled between tier an chfran- 
 chil'ed woman and her paramour, fhould turn not only to carnetl and importancc,bur alfo to a ca- 
 pitollmatter.to touch her as much as her life was worth ; for what I laid ('quoth flie^ was but to 
 fright him, andnot forthat I knew any fuch thing. Pofihumiuj hetai was chafed, andfellinto 
 a fi: of cboler .• What? (qaothhe) thou tbinkeft belike that ihcuart jeftingand cogging with 
 thy lover £^».»i:«, andforgetteft how tbou .rt inthehcu!eof a right worfhipfull lady, andin 
 communication with aConlul But S*/;>»f/4 on the ether fide, willed her to Hand up, ^affrighted I 
 aslliewas/' and wit hall, both exhorted her to be of good ctiecr, and alio appealed the wrath of 
 her Ion in law 'n the end after flie had taken a better heart unto her.fhe greatly bismed & found 
 fauh wi;bihedifioyalty andfaldiood of £^«f/«; forl'erving her lo, and requiting her fuil badly a- 
 gain for lo lingular a good turn that fhe had done bin), and then laid, That (lie ftood in great awe 
 ofthegods, wbofc lecretslliefliould reveal and divulge 5 bat in greater fear of men, who no 
 doubt torbtwrjying tbel'e matters, would be ready to tear her in pieces with their very hands'. 
 And therefore Qic bcloughi Su/pitia, and entreated the Conful to take I'ome order for her, and to 
 fend her into fome pbct out of Itaij, where fhe might pafle the rell of her daies in ufety yet of 
 her life. But ot good cheer worn n (quoth the ConfulJ let me alone for that, I will provide well 
 enough, that ihoalhalt live at ^owf,andth4t without all danger. Then iJeclared Hi/pa/ubcou- K 
 girall and hrftcommcncemtnis of thele facrificcs and (olemmties.Ar the beginning (qd] Ihe) it ' 
 was priviled^td place & conlecrated for women i,n'iy &ihey alone medled withrho e inyiteries; 
 neuher ivasitthc cultoaieandminner,thata man (houldentf rin among them; and three let ho- 
 liday cs they bad in the yccr.dunog which iime,f be priclts oiBacchus performed their ceremonies 
 in the diy time, ana folk were admitted by them, to their religion and prolelsion; and women 
 they were a;l(and thofe matrons^ whj were created prietts for that purpole, mthir time & turn 
 one afier another. But PaculU Mtttia (i Czatpiae woman) when Ihc was the priclt,charg- 
 edall,as being advertifed andadmoniihed by the gods lo to doe/ tbrllievvas thefirit that lacred 
 and admitted men, to wit, her own Ions Mtnius and H^rff«««»»/ the Cerrinians .-Ihe alt-red ihe 
 folemnity from tbe day to the nigjpt; andfottbrcedaiesinthc whole yeer, fhe ordcined five in e. ^ 
 very month, to iervefjr theatten^ncc and miniftery of thefemylieries. Since whicn true that '' 
 ibele lacrihces & ceremonies were tWs divulged, & men nd women intermingled togetbei,&: 
 the licentious lijcrty of the night time alfo to help sllforward,ihercisnoaflfo wicked, nofaftfo 
 filthy ,jut there it is committed ; a^idmore fintulSc unnatural abui'c there is,ofma'ikind one with 
 mother, then there is of women. If any are either unwilling to fuff^rthisrbnl filthinels,or beftii: 
 tbem'elvcs more dully in the beadly ji:rion and perlormance of that villany, luch prel'ently are to 
 be killed and licrificed as beaiis. Aiid ^SisisjCuppoled air,ongtt them,the principall pomt and fum of 
 their relij^ion. to hold and iselcevc thit nothing is unla -full whatloever. The men fliakino and 
 waggini; their bodies to and fro after a fanaticall fafliion,as if they were diftrailed & cut of 'their 
 right wits, lesm to divine snj tell things to come. The women, attired like the fhe-priefts o{ B.ic M 
 chKSy wiih their heads unbe.und and their bait hanging loole about their eats, run down with fls. 
 ming torciits to the river 7)^fr; wheretheydip their torches into the water, and take them oat 
 again ligtJt barningf.fill,becaue they are made with ialphur vivesnd quick lime.-and they fay that 
 cei tain men are by the gods carriea away from among them, no man knoweib whither; fuch as 
 they bind fall to a certain engiiie or frame,and harry thtm out of fight mto certain hidden caves.- 
 and thofe be luch, as either would not fwear to be of their confpiracy, or be partners with theni 
 in al their mikhievcus dchgnments,or endure againft kind to be abufed.The number & multitude 
 there aflembled, is exceeding great, and grown now be another body of a people .• and amone 
 them are fome noble pcrfons, as well men as women. But now for thefe two yeerslalf pall or- M 
 dcined it is That none iliould be there profclfed and facred above twenty yeersoldjfor luch a^es 
 ihcy lay tor to letve their turti, as are looneft (educed and drawn to errour, or moft fuSjeft to^bc 
 forced to lufterabulc a.nd viUany. Whenfhe had thus finifbed her information and dilcovered 
 all, flie fell down upon her knes agam, and lay at their feet, and repeated her former fupplication 
 the ftcond tune, to wit, That he would fend ber away out of the countrey. Then the Conful in- 
 trcated his m ther in law to Ipate fome void corner of her houfe, wherennto H^fpaU mightretire 
 her feif, and there mske her aoadc. So (he allowed her an upper lodging in her houfe, and the 
 and the Ih.ts th t led towards the ftreet were Hopped up, and the entrance turned into the houfe. 
 Then prefetjily were ail the moveable goods and bouHiold fluff of Ff/<';7f4 removed, and her fa- 
 mily lent fur thither, andthere entertained. Likewife£^«'#/« was com .landedtogoaitd lodge O 
 witha tenant or cl/ent belonging tothe Conful. Thus when boththe informers were forth- 
 coming and under Pojlhumiui his hand.he dcchred the whole matter to the Senar, And after 
 be hid laid every thing aaroaa in order, namely, what was reported anto him firit, and what he 
 pjd icarned afterwards by enquiry, the Lords of the Senat were (urprized with exceeding great 
 fear, as Well in regard generally of the commonweal,le(t thofe conlpiraties,nightly meetings and 
 .conventicles, might limport lome fecret complot of mjfchief nd danger : a-; alio lor doubt in 
 in pauisui^r, that lome of their own fnerids or family fliould be'accellary and culpable. 
 
 The
 
 The nine and thinietb BooJ^ o/T.Livitjs. 827 
 
 A The Senat yet were of this mind, thattheConlul was highly to be praifcd and thanked forthac 
 he had found out and brought to light luth a matter as this,both with lb lingular care &dili"ence 
 and alio without any tumult and uprore.Then they took order and ordained. /w/r/ww, That the 
 Confuls ihould have an extraordinary (.ommififion to make leath and inquilition into thefe Bac- 
 chanals and night latrifices. Item^ That £^;/f/«« and Fe^'cnia iheintormers thereof flocnld not be 
 prejudiced thereby- nor come to harm t'orit, yea, and that a recompeme and reward Hiould be 
 propounded to others (hat couldgive light and reveal the fame, 'liem^ That the Prielisbelon'^- 
 ing to thel'e religions, be they men or women, fliould be fought out not only at /'»»?( but in all 
 other markets to wns,fairs and plaiesot frequent refort and convented before the Cofl. to be and 
 remain at their difpolition, Item^ That proclamation be made at Rome, and edids fern thtorgh- 
 
 B out all //<t//.thatno perfon whatfoe\er, who had been facred & profefled religious by the Prielts 
 ofi(.;ccr/j»«,refort any more into aflembly or conventii leiorthofelaLriHt.es, nor yet do ought per- 
 taining to fuch divine fervice. And above all things, that ini'ormationand prefentmenc be made 
 of all ihofe that had frequented inch meetings or conventicles, to commit whoredome or any 
 fuch filthinels and wickedncis.And thefe were the ordinantes of the Scnat.The Cofl", then gran- 
 ted their warrants out to the j€.dilesCurule,to make diligent Icarch and enquiry tor thole Vriefls 
 ofthat religion, and upon apprehenhon to keep them in tree ward and large prilbn forthcoming 
 for to be examined : alio to the j£diles of the Commons to look well,that no fervice of the gods 
 be celebrated in fecret. Moreover the Triumvirs capital were Ikaightly charged to let good watch 
 and ward throughout the City, and fee to meetings by night,for fear that no f. are- fire caught hold 
 
 C ot any place.To thofechree CommiflariesorTriumvirs were five other Qiiinquevirsadjoyned af- 
 fiftantSjwho every one fhould watch well and take charge of all thehouks of his quarter within 
 Tyberts. Then the Coff.having fet them about thefe their feverall charges, mounted up the Roftra 
 or place of publike audience. And when the people were aflembled toj'ethLr, then the Conful 
 after he had pronounced the folemn prayer which Magilirats are wont to ufe as a preamble, be- 
 fore they make fpeech unto the people,began his Oration unto them in this wife. '" Never in any The Oration 
 "of your a(remblies,OQiiirites,vvas tnisfolemn prayer unto tnegods,eitherfo meet and conve- oftheConful 
 " nientjOr fo requiht and needful! as in this, toadvertife andpucyou inmind, that thofebethe PoJ}hHmiiu,(oc 
 '' true gods indeed whom your anceliors ordained,that you fhould honour, ferve, worfhip, and 'f'i°^D"'^'u** 
 *' pray unto,and not thefe here who prick & provoke (as it were)with goads of furies,your fpirits njl,, ' ' 
 
 D " and minds tranfported and carried away with falfe and flrange religions to commit all wicked- 
 " ners,mifchief,& filthy luft.Snrely for mine own part I wot not either what I were belt to con- 
 *' ceal>or how far forth to fpeak out and utter my mind.If you know not all,! doubt I lliould give 
 ''you occafion to be negligent ;again,if I difcoverall,! fear methatlfball affright Si terrifieyou 
 «' too much. But what and how much foever Ifhallfay,beyefureit willbefar lefs than the great- 
 " nefs and enormity of the thing requireth.Yet endeavour will we fo much to deliver,as may fnf- 
 "fitetogiveyou a warning and w.uch-vvord to tike heed. This am I wellaflured of,ihat youun- 
 " derlUnd not only by hearfay and bare report, but alfo by the ringing noifes and yelling cries in 
 *' the night feafon rhat the Bacchanals have been a long time kept over all /r<i//, yea andin many 
 " places throughout the City of^o»*(?,which refoundeth again therewith. But whatmanner of 
 
 £ '^ thing it isT am verily perfwaded there is not one of you that knowech.Some belecve that it is a, 
 "certain worfhip and fervice of the gods; others fuppofe it is feme tookryand wanton paRime 
 "tolerated and winked at. But be what it will be, they think there are but a few interefled&em- 
 *' ployed therein. Astouchingthenumber and multitude ot them, if I fhould tell you that they 
 '' were many thoufands,you cannot chufe but fuddenlybeafraid,unleis 1 alfoprefenily fliew,vvho 
 "they be and of what quality.Know ye therefore firft and formoli,that the moH part of them arc 
 *' women(&trom thence is fprung the fourceofallthismifchief.jThenare there men indeed but 
 " fuch as for all the world refcmb'.e women, foctfeminat they are: fuch 1 fay as have abandoned 
 " themfelves as well to be abnfed as to abtife others : fannical perfon> and bereaved of their wits 
 " by reafon of excelTive watching part fence ?i even adonied with bibbing ot wine without mea- 
 
 F " fute,vvith houting,hollowing fc crying all night without intermilVion. 1 his conventicleof con- 
 *• fpiratorsis yet of no great force, howbeit itgathereth much firength,in regard that they multi- 
 "ply flill,& their number is every day more than other. Your anceftor> in times paft would in no 
 *^ wife admit that ye fhould aflemb'e together at a venture and without important and jutt occa- 
 "fion,unlefsit were either by rearing a (tandard or banner upon the fortrels fortolevyan army; 
 *' or to gather the people together to give their voiced in elections of Magilhats ; otthatthc 
 *' Tribunes proclaimed agcneral congregation ofthe common people; oriomeof the Magiftrats 
 " fummoned them to an open audience for to hear an Oration:and wherefoever a multitude were 
 " thus met together there they ordained and thought meet to have a lawtull govcrrour and over- 
 *• leer of them. But what kind of night conventicles think yehrll theic might be Si namely,where 
 
 Q"men and women are met and thronged logetherpell mell one with another ?Intaith-if ye wifl 
 '' atwhat age they ofthem:ilc fex are profeffed and made novices, ye would not only pity them, 
 "but alobc aOnmed and difmiied. Thinkyemy mailers Qi5irits,that young men thus profef- 
 " fed Sc having taken this oath, are meet to make fou diets of ? and that ye are to put weapons 
 " into the hands o*'fuch as are taken out ofthat Hmking and derdhbleChappel ? Shall thefe,tbu3 
 " llained polluted, and ov erwhelmt'd with filthy uncleannefs, as well of their own kind as o- 
 *' thers fight for the pure chalf it v, for the honefty (I fay) of your wives and children ? Lefs barm 
 ^ ^ ^^ Bbbb "had
 
 828 'T'he nine and thirtieth Boo\ ofT, Livms, 
 
 " had it been, if they conld have refted fo, and become only effeminat by their own unchalle im- H 
 *' purityCfor that had redounded moft to their proper fliame and diflionoiir)3r)d not hav e abufed 
 *' their hands to practice mifchief,and bufied their brains to contrive fraud and deceit. But never 
 " was there in Commonweal either fo great and dangerous a malady, as touching more perfons, 
 *' or reaching to farther matters of greater confequence. For wot ye well this, that all the finfull 
 " parts committed for thefe late years,were it filthy Kift,crafty cozening^or any wickednefs what- 
 '« l'oever,procecded Silprung out of this one ungracious thappel and place of counterfeit holinefs, 
 " and no other.Yet have they not put in pra6\ice all their mirchiefs,whicb they have moft curfed- 
 " ly coirplottcd and Iworn to execute. Hitherto their impious & deteliable confpiracy hath bro- 
 " ken out.acd pafled no further than to pariicubr and privat mifchiefs^becaufe they have not ga- 
 "thered force and ftiergih enough to invade and opprelsihe Common-weal.Howbeit,theevilll 
 «' encreafeth.and the malady ipreadeth further daily, and by this time is grown I'o much,asit will 
 «'notcontain within theprivatfortuneandcondition ofparticular perlons, butthreatneth the 
 *' very main State of the Common- weal, And unlefs^Quirits)ye take order to prevent it, thefe 
 *' night-Congregstions may loon be as frequent and great as this prefent aflembly,lummoned by 
 *' order oi Law and commandment of the Conful jn the open day time.Now are they( fingled by 
 "ihemfelvesapan) afraid of you, when they fee you thus all aflembled together, butfo foonas 
 j' you are retired eithf r to your houfes within the City, or farms in the country .& by that means 
 " fevered afunder ihey will furely meet together '> devilc they will and confult both to fave them- 
 " felv cs,and alfo to ruinat and deftroy you at once. Then take heed to your felve;. ; then {hall you 
 ' ' (fingled one from another)be in dread and danger of them all in generall.lt behoveth therefore j^ 
 "every one of you todefireand wifli that all they whobelongany way unto your charge,b€ wife 
 "and well given. Then,if either flefhlylulf or furious rage,have drawn & haled any oneof them 
 " headlong into that gnlph i:rd (ink of hn,to hold fuch aperfon to be of their crue,with whom he 
 *' hath thusfworn and devoted himfelf to all fm and abominable wickednefs,and not reckon him 
 '^ of your own retinue and train any more. Moreover; caielefs I am not of your own perfons in 
 " thisbehaU,ihat none of you fhould be ieduced and led away with errour. For nothing is there 
 '' in the world, that dereiveth more under fair fem.blance^ihanfalfe religion. For when the name 
 '* and Ma iefty of the gods is pretended to cover and colour naughtinefs, fuddenly there entreth 
 *'into our mind:- fciupulousawe, which doth captivate and poflefsourconfcience, for fear lefl 
 " in chaftifing and punifhing human trefpa(fc?,we violat and offend fome divine right and power L 
 *' therewith. But of this fctupulofity difchsrged ye are, by an infinit number of Pontifical decrees, 
 " a£ls of the Senat,y ea, and anfwers of divine Sages aud Soothfayers. For how many a time and 
 " often in the daies of our fathers and grandfathers, hath commiflion been granted totheMagi- 
 ^ ftrats,To rellrain and forbid expreffely all forrain facrifices and ftrange liturgies ? To chafe & ba- 
 ', nifh all odd hedg-PrieHs,Wizards.Tellers ot Fortune,and Magicians out of the common place. 
 " out of the flicw place and theatre-yea, and quite out of the City? To fearcbout all their books 
 «^ofMagick ana Prophehes^and to fet a fire on them ? I.aftly,toaboIifl-i all other order and man- 
 ''neroffacrifiiing bui >ccoraing to the Canon, form, and order of Rome} ¥01 tbsy judged^ wife 
 V men a? they were-nnd.dcpply ieen in nil divire and humane laws ) nothing fo forcible toruinac 
 »' and overthrow religion- as when divine fervice is celebrated after fome ftrange and forrain fa- j^ 
 < ■ fliion ,and not accordiug to the ancient cuftome of the place.Thus much I thought good by way 
 "olcaveat to foretell you of to the end that no fupcrftitious opinion fhould trouble your fpirits 
 " when you flull fee us ro detnoljfh and overthrow the Bacchanals, andfcatter thefe unlawfull - 
 *' affemblies.For allthis will wedo with the good leave,favour,and grace of the gods. Who be- 
 *' ing highly offended to fee their divinity and godhead thus polluted with wicked and abomina- 
 " ble filthinef-s^ha' ediicovered the fame lying hid in daiknefs,and brought it to light: neither in 
 " their wifdom and providence, was it their will and pleafure.that fuch enormities thus dete<fted 
 '■'■ fhould remain iinpuniflied.but be fuppreffed and extinguiflied for ever. Now hath the Senac 
 " dire£fed out unto me and my CollegUe an extraordinary commiffion and warrant to make doe 
 " inquifition hereinto:by vertue whcreof,we for our parts will accomplifh our charge according- jq 
 "• ly with al! diligence and expedition. As for the night- watch throughout the City, we have gi- 
 " ven order already to the inferiorMagiftrats to look unto it. Likewife, meetandreafon itis, 
 "that every one ot you according to hi.s place and calling, quit himfelf well in whatfoeverfliail 
 "beimpofed and laid upon him: andefpecially toendeavourand prevent thatno danger ormn- 
 *' tiny arife by the tnalicioufnefs of thofe that are culpable and offenders.Then the Confuls com- 
 manded the a(5>s of the Senat in this behalf to be read openly : they propounded and prom i fed 
 alfo rewards to all informers, thateitherconvenrcd and brought before them any fuch perfons, 
 or prefented thcirnames if they were abfent andou' ofthe way And look wbofoever were thus 
 nominated and fled upon it, they would afrignhima''ert?-inday to make his appearance: upon 
 which dav, if he anfwered not to his name v^'hen he werecilled,he fhould he condemned not- q 
 withftandinghisabfence. And ifany of their names wereprefenred. whohapncdat the^imeof 
 fhe information to be without the landof /M/y,he flionid have a longer term let down.to come 
 in and make his anfwcr. After this they publifhed an £di6t)forbidding(left any one ("hould bede- 
 iirous to fell or buy ought tenditjg to flight and departure)to receive, (.onceal,3id or maintain by 
 any means thofe that werealiout toflie. After the a-ffembly ofthe people difmiffed, great fear 
 xhere was over all the City : neither was it contained within the wallSjiibeitiesjand territory only 
 
 of
 
 The nine and thirtieth Booi^ofTXAVhs. 829 
 
 A olReme^ but in all parts of /r^^ they began to quake and tremble for tear ; and namely, af.er that 
 letters came from iheirtriends and acquaintance touibjogiheordinanLeofiheSenat-thefolcmo 
 affembly of the people and the tdift ot the ConfnJsatorelaid.The next nighc toiiowin^ that day 
 (wherein this matter was thus de^l^fcd opcniy in audienve betoie the pecpicj Qiar)y would gladly 
 have Hiricd alide and been gone, but apprehended they were and brought back again by the Tri- 
 umvirs.whohad fetagood watLh at every gate. Mjnyprefcntmcnts were m3de,and certain per- 
 Con>thaspreiented.as well men as \vomen,kiiitd them elves.Ic is reported that there were tound 
 inthisconipira>.y ofbothiexesone wim another above leventhouland. 1 he pi in. ipal heads were 
 known tor Lcrtain to be /V/.and LCanwus Romans boch.and by (.ailing * not lo good as Senators: 'otFUk 
 Z'.OpiiermiKs ot fiilern-iipd Mimns Ctrrmius a Campane, Thcle were the ringleaders of the re(K 
 
 B from them arofe ail mir».hicf and villany whatfoeier- thee were the chiel Prict1$( foriooth )and 
 the founders of this religion. To jpprehend thelcper on- wiih allfpeed no polfibe means were 
 regecfed. And when they were brought before theCf niuLs,iheyconfefl'ed all>nd for any let in 
 them, they might preicntly i.av e been londemned. t^ui fu(.h a number there was of them who fled 
 out ot theCity , th.it be.aufe the jttions .md goods ot m.iny men hereby were in dangerto bc 
 Jo;l and ptrifli, thePrjrtors T. Mx^iusand M, L/o«;«/wereconrtrained by theSenattogivc 
 thiti) daiesrefpit .ind deiay forthe pleas iinti liui-h time a theConfuls went through with their 
 inquitition. By occilionot the fame inlrequcnty (for that they whofc names were p cicntcd,nei» 
 iher m jde aniwer n^r > onid be found ) the Confuls were enforted to ride their ciri-uit about mar- 
 ket tow n^ and pLicesotrefort, and thereto hold Affile and Stflionsfor to make inquii tion, anci 
 
 Cjudiially to proceed in lentence againit the offenders. A miny as they f una tobeonly entred, 
 and to have taken orders, npmely, fuch as according toaiert.iin form of words endited and 
 prompted by thePrieU, hadmde their prajers fayipgafterhim( inwhiih was contained a dete- 
 ibHleiai.r.imenc and oath that tfiey took toiommicall wi.ked atfsand bealily filthinefs, andyet 
 notwithRandin^had offered anddone no fu-h att eithei in their own perfons, orinothers, to 
 whih they were obligee by onh ) ihofe I iay they le't ftill mprifon and durance. Butfucbas 
 were defiled withfilthinef of ii(^ polluted wirhbloudy murders ,iu. has weie attaintandftained 
 with bearing f i fe witnefs with loiging and foiliing of wills and tetiaments, with counterfeiting 
 ot fealif, and othir filth -ozcning calls, thol'ethcy executed with lof; of ifc, and the number oi 
 the n 1*1 u thus were put to dcatt> fnrmounted thofe other that fuffered only imprifonmtnt. But 
 
 I> a wondrous mu titnde there was of both forts the one and the other, and thoieas well women 
 38 men. A.s many ot the women as were condemned they ommitted over to their next kinsfolk, 
 or totao e giiirdians under whole tuition and fubjeilion they were that they mighrthemfelves 
 prmtly at h^mepu'i'lli tliem accordingly. Bm ir there were none to be found meet todothecx- 
 ccution.t'ien rhey 'utftred pi)blikely ab;oad in thefaceof the worid. After this a commiffion w»s 
 gnnttd to the Coniiils,forfo oiertbrow and pulldown tirfl at /wo;^f,and then throughout /m//, 
 all the p aces of thee Bacchanals uniefsinany ofthem there fiood I'ome old altar or image con- 
 fe' rated. And tor the ti-ne to come,by an ad of the ^enata prohibition went out, that there 
 (bonld len^j Bsch^nilsanymoreeither in Rom :,Oi'm Italy Moreover,If any perfon made fome 
 conf ienceotihi« religion, and held it tor a devout folemn, andne^effary inlfiiution andprote>* 
 
 £ fted before the Pritor ofilieCity, that hecould not lay away the lame without prik<remorre, 
 <ind clog ot conf ience : thenthcfaid Prac orwasto put the caufe in quertion before the Senat, 
 and if the Sen u ( affemblcd inno lefsFrequen y than one hundred ) would allow and permit the 
 ftme, then might theparty folemnize that devotion and divine fervire: provided alwaies that 
 there were not above fiveperlons prefent thereat, ro affi'.f him nor any commi-'n filvertobeufed 
 in the minitieiy nor Ofter-maller nor Prief}. Over and befidcs, another aft ohhe Senat there 
 was joyned unto tuis, and the fame moved by the Conful Q^ Martins, That as toui.hing thofe 
 perions whom the Conful had for the inlormcrs and repealers of this matter, the full authority 
 in difpofing of them, fiionld be wholly referred to the Senat, fo foon as Sp.PoJlhHntins had fini- 
 flied hij inqnilition, and was returned to ^ >;><•. As for Cfrnw/*; the Campane, they ordained 
 
 F that heflioiildbefent to Arde.ll\^cK to lie in prifon,andthattheMaoi(fratcsof Ardea()c\ovi\ii. 
 havca charge given them beforehand to look to their prii'oner more (traightly, thatneitherhe 
 brake piiion and made ancf. ape. nor yet mi^jht have means and opportunity to makehimfelfa- 
 WJy. After acertaintime 5;>./'»/?A«w7«fcameto /Jowf again, and when he put to queftion be- 
 fore the Senac, con.ernin^ the reward of /',fi^«f/«/, and FLfp^UFeffi-maJo: that by their means 
 thcBiCfhanals vveredifcloled, thercpilTed «n a6f and decree. That the Treafurers of the City 
 fhould deliver unto crcm out of the City Chsm'^er looooo afl'es apiece. Alfo that the Confuls 
 fliould deal with the Tribunes of the Commons for to prefer a bill unto the people, asfoonas 
 polfibly they migh^ that F.E'-Yr/j.'f for ever might be exempt from fouldicry, and have his penlion 
 and'ee as it he had accomplitlicd his termof fervice by law required, fo as he neither were com- 
 
 Q pelted to '^o to wariare a^,ainlf his will nor theCeniors fliould alTign unto him a publike horfe 
 offcnice McTeover, that fv/a/rf ///^^/^ might have the liberty and powerto make a deed of 
 gif' oralienation ot hergoods rnio whomflnepleafed, yea.andfpend the lame,and do therewith 
 whai (be thought good /f';f.',That fhe might be wedded out of her own family into what houfe 
 fhe would her lelf and male choice of her tutor and patronio her own liking and contentment, 
 asif her husband by his wilt and teftamcnt hid foord lined and let down. Ite-,-,), That fliC might 
 be wedded to one of frank condition or frc?born and that he who had efpoufcd and married bcfj 
 
 Bbbb 2 ftiOQld
 
 8^0 ^^^ «^»^ ^"^ thirtieth Boo\ o/T.Livius. 
 
 (honld not thereby fuftain difcredit,or rective damage.Finally.that not only the Cof.and Prariors H 
 now in pla».e,iiuti.fo thole hereatter to come, ftiould provide and take order that no wror^ be 
 done to that wotnanjbuc I'ecuie her trom all harm. This the Senai judg. d meet and reqtii t to be 
 done. All thefething^ were likewie propounded unto the Com. andexduied atLordingto the 
 ordman coftheSenat. Finally, as toiichirg both the impunity and alio the recom pence ot other 
 the IniormerSjit was rcierrtd to the dil'crtiion of the Cooiuls. 
 
 By this time ^. yl^/^rr.Tft alio having tinifhed the inquif^tion in his circuit and quarter, made 
 Tjepjrationto uointo his Provinceot L^wn^ij after he bad received tor tolupply and makeup 
 hi* legions ;c co iOOt,and 1 50 horfemenKomans,beiides 5000 tootmen and :tonorle of Latins. 
 The fame Fro. ince with the like number as wellofhorfeas toot, was decreed in.e wile unto his 
 companion ingovernmentThofe armies they took charge of which the lormtr year t.f/ minttu \ 
 and ^.t/^/»i//««t! eCoff.had ; moreover, by an adot iheStnat enjoyntdtliC) wercioenroil 
 two new legions behdes: and withall they levied of the Latine allies 2tocotoot,and 3occhorie> 
 30 ofootm nalfo and ioohorfemenRomjn^. Althele tores (Ittiing aidethe iegions> it was 
 thought go d to be ledtofuroifh out the army in Spaii. And theriorethe Cofl.whncs they were 
 themfeives in pcrfinotcupied about the torelaidinquiitions, g«>e lomniilionto 1 .Men tu\ot 
 to take the mull ers. And whenthofeenquelis were pertormed and done as is betorelaid ^ ^ar- 
 r/«* took his journey nrli ofthetvv<;in towards the ■^puans inL'^w- <i,Bnt whiles in eager puriuic 
 ot them he engaged himfell into the fe ret and b.md p.flcs, wherein at aihimes ihcy had their 
 lurking retreats ardpia^esof fatereieit; within thole lireights andpallages whiihti.e enemies 
 h.dleiredbi;tore,he wasenaroned by them inapliceofgre^t diiad.ontage: where heloli^o 0^ 
 foudiers, with three enhgns of the fe ondlegton, and eievenb.'nmrs oftheL tine allies wtiich 
 were all taken by the enemies. Aiio mui-h armour ^n I mjny weapons were thrown away i ere 
 an(^ there-, by rea' on that they were en umhrfdtuerewith as they fled through the woody paths 
 of the forreft : neither did cheLigurians gi eovertheirthaf^jbefore that the Romans ended tl'cir 
 fl'oht.IheConful lofoonas he wasef aped out of the enemies territory fent his army away into 
 clivers p'rts ot the peaceable country ,to the end that it might not be leen, howmu.h hisior^es 
 were empiired yet could not he for all that I'uppreis and imotherthe bruit that was blown a- 
 broadof his unfortumat journey, nortancell the remembrance of the overthrow: forever.ft r, 
 theforreft out of which the Ligurians hunted him was called, The freights of yi/.irf/«/. A lute 
 before thenewsof the affairs in Uguna the letters out ofSpim were read, containing forrow L 
 miNcd with joy ; to wit That C. Catmitu ( who two years before wentas Prstor into that Pro- 
 vint e)fo»ght a field with the Lui;tan in the terri ory o Afl ; where,^ o<. o enemies fell upon the 
 fword ", and thereli weredifcomfited put to flight ard dri en out ot thtir vamp. Afterwards, he 
 conducted his legions to the iffauit of the town Afi.i vvhi> h he forced and won with nr grCuter 
 adothan b^- to re he gained their camp. But a= he approached near the wa is and took no good 
 heediohim'elfibe was wounded, and of hi-- hurt within tew daits died. Upon tie reading of 
 thefe letter (impfrtinu the death ofthe Pro Praetor ;)theSenat wasofadvi. elodifp3tchamel- 
 fenfIer(lo overtake the rractor C.Calp! ur/jtu) astar as thepo.t of L«»;<,and give liim to undet- 
 Ibnd trom iheSenai thaitheir advice was hefhou/d make all the haflebecouldin his journey, 
 to the end that the Provinie might not be without a governor there to command. Theconrrier (^ 
 which was fent, within tour diies arrived at Luyja • and butfew daies before, CJ^hnrnitu was 
 departed and hid put himfelf in his journey. 
 
 Moreover, L./i/.!«//j« Acd >itu{viho was gone into his Provinfe at thefametime ihatT.Ct- 
 r/wrw went )nru k a batteillikewi e with iheCcliiberians inthehither i'rovince of Spvn. But 
 they departed on both fides out of the field withdoubtfullviflory lave only that theCeltiberians 
 the next night oUowing difiodged and removed from thence: whereby the Romans had liberty 
 and timeboth tointertheirdead,3nd to gather up the fpoiU of their enemies. And wifhimfew 
 daies after the fame Celtiberians having railed amorepuiff ntarmy, ofthemfeUes gave the Ro- 
 mans batcell near the City f<?/f^Krrfef. It is not fet down in the hilfory whacfliould bethtcaufc 
 ^vhy they were the weaker, confidering their number was re-enforced : but foiled they were in m 
 fight and had the overthrow. Of the enemies there died upon 1 2cco and not fo few as leoo ta- 
 ken prifoners : and thcRomans likewil'e were Maflers ofthe camp. And had nor Mdnlitu been 
 empeached and telirained inthis train ofvid)ory(whi b he hotly followed )by the coming off <»/- 
 phwiius hisfuccefior in government, the Celiibeiians had been utterly fubdued;The new Pra:tors 
 withde.v both armicsto their wintring harbors. 
 
 At the lame time that thefe news came out of S/).i/«, the plaies called TauriHa wereexhibit cd 
 two daies together in honour ofthe gods. And after ihem,y^/,F/^/7/'«^ fet out (vvithgre.n fprni- 
 ture infumptuous maner for the fpace often days)hisplaies which he had vowed in the jEtolian 
 war. And ior to do him honour ard grace thisfolemnity- many cunning adorsnnd players tame 
 out oi Greece. This was ihe firli time that there was reprefented at Rome the flievv of champions q 
 an-l wrcfHer> for the bell game : then al'o was exhibited the p iftimc of hunting and bairingL'-ons 
 ard Panthers: and in one weird ihetefports were celebrated with as great magniF' en t ird va- 
 riety almof^ as tbcmrdcrn palfimes and games in thefe daies. Aft erJl this was holden aNo\cn- 
 dia.l feaft ; d''rTg whi h, there was m« h facrificing and all by occafion that tor three diies ir 
 ■rained Hones in the Picenefourtry: and becaufe it was reported thr the lighinJng in divers 
 places, and in fyndry forts, had bjafted and lightly finged the garments efpecially ot many folk. 
 i<>v.;£ To
 
 The nine and thirtieth BooJ^ of T.Livius. S^] 
 
 A To the faid feart,there was adjoyned a I'npplication of one day, ordained by a decree of the Pon^ 
 tiricesjt'orthac the Chappcl ot the goddcisO/jjf (landing in the Cipiioljvvasl'mitten with a thun- 
 derbolt. In regard of thefe prodigieSjtheCofl'.procnrcd expiation by lairihting greater beaUs^and 
 fo they purged and hallowed the City. At thelatne time word was brought out oi lim/r:a, thac 
 ' there was an Hertn aphrodite or Strat found almolt twelve years old. This was heid for a detefia- 
 blemonlier ; and therefore order was given, that it (houid be kept out of the territory of Rome. 
 and killed out of hand. 
 
 The fame year,tertain Gauls from beyond the u4lps pa ffed into the territory of Ffwcf,withouc 
 forraging, fpoiling, and uhngary hoHility ; and not tar from theplac;; wl.crcasnow .^^^wz/f/^ 
 ftandeth they feized upon a plot of ground to build a City in. Certain Roman Embalfadors were 
 
 B fent abont this matter beyond the j4/ps ; where they received this intel.igcn.-e and anfwer from 
 the inhabitants of the LOiintry .That neither thole Gauls took that voyage and expedition by au- 
 thority and wairanttrom the whole nation neither knew they wnat they did in /f.(/«. 
 
 Z/.5(r'p(olikewile about the fame time, let out hisplaiesforiendaies together; for which hfi 
 faid .that he hadmadea vow during the timeofthe war againil: Ar.t:oc'K:s & he defra:d the char- 
 ges thereof with the money contributed unto him by divers KK.and States for thatpurpofe.rU- 
 leriHs ^/3f/.zf writeth,chat alter he was condemned, and hi>gpods^orthfcatand lold hewasfent 
 in Embaflage into /Ifi.t^ for to take up >.ertain controvcri-.es and dilferenes between the two 
 KK, Ant ochus and Ennttnei: and then it was (faith he) that the faid contribution was made and 
 many skiltui artificers and plaier> gathered unto him one otall v-^./F'^land in the end,Tter this Em- 
 
 C ballage,he moved the Senac for thefe games , bccauie he had m:de no mtrticn nor words at ail of 
 them alter the laid war:by occahon whereof(by,r;T/,?r;«ihisfayini',)he vowed them. 
 The year being now at an end Q^Martitts\'a\(\s abfen.e was to leave hi^ MagiUraLy;&^ Po/?- 
 /?(^w/«/ having fate upon theinquiiuionaforel'aid,and with all lide icy and laretulldiligen.ethac 
 mio.ht be brought it to an end, held the folemn aflembly for eleiVion ofMagidrats: wherein were 
 chofen Cofl. Af.CUn^ins Pulcher Sc Ad,SemproyiiuiTtsd!ta>:ns,And the morrow after vvereeleded 
 for VixK.O':s.^P.CorndittsCethef!{S,A.PoflhtiKini AlbiniSiC. AfraKHS Stcll-o,C.A!ti'l:Ms Se/-r.'.KMS,L. 
 PoflhHntius Tempf.i>itts Sc M.CLiKdias ALircellHs, At the yeus end. upon the relation ofSp.Pofi- 
 /;««»/«;theCor.thatin his vilitation about the enquelfsatorefaid, as herodealon^thei'eacoJlls 
 oi Italy on both lidcs he found certain Colonies difpeopled and deioiate, to wk.S.-panitim upon 
 
 £> the Adriatic k lea and Btixeatum upon the Tufctn, T'.M^mHs the City Pritorf by vertue of an aft 
 of the Senu in that behalf). reared three Commiffaries, vailed Triumvirs, for to enroll and plane 
 new inhabitants there mmci^.L.Scribonnis Li''o-,A'/.Tuc!HS;3nd OuBdbms Tan.phdus. 
 
 The war againlt King Per fens and the Maiedonian's.vvhit.h now was a breeding-arole not upon 
 that ciufeSc occahon whivh moU men imagine nor yet ircm /'<r/'Mjhimfe!f:forthefir(loroMnd- 
 work thereof was laid by Philtp who if he had lived longer, would have beenfecn in open afti- 
 on. One thing there was abovethe red which Hung him, at what time as the Romans impofed 
 conditions upon him after he was vanquiflied-.to v\it That the Sen.u iaidabarfor to be revenged 
 ofihofeMi.edoni, ns who had revolted from him ; which he defpaired not but it had becnpof- 
 fible to have obcained at their hands, conrdc^ring that 0//y;7f,-«f in the capitulations ofpeace.re- 
 
 £ feried that point entire andexrepted notagainll it.Now afterward-;, v^-hen Antiocktts was defea- 
 ted in the battel of ThcrmopyU and that both PbiLpic the Cof.entred upon the feverall exploits; 
 Acilttis went in hand to aflault HcrarU\^and Phdip at the fame time the City of Lt -,n. , ffiraclca 
 was no looner fotvcd.hut ^/j;//;; had commandment to levy his hege before L.tmi^ and the town 
 was yielded to the Romans : and this he took to the heart, Howbcic the CoLappeafed his cho- 
 ler to the time in that making harte in pcrfon to N'Mpa^i!»i( unto which town the. £rolians af- 
 ter their rout werq retired)he futfered PhiUpto war upon Athama>tia and Ami-.Ta-rdsr ', to ad joyn 
 alfo and lay unto his kin'^dom thofe Cities which the .£tolians had taken from the Thefi'alians, 
 Now had Phihp chafed Amtnandcr out of A hAyn.xnia;iad won certain Cities without any greac 
 ido. Dsmctrioi allo(a (hong City of great impottance,and very commodious for all things )tooe- 
 
 F iher with the nation of the Magnetes he brought under hi? obedience. Arrer this,he forced cer- 
 tain towns in Afi.t. which were troubled withthe I'editious variance of their principaland greac 
 perlon.'ges,by reafonthat they knew not how to ufe their new liberty, wherewith they had not 
 been acquainted .• he won ihofe Cities ('I fay jby taking part with thofe, whoin thisavilldiffen- 
 tion were the weaker and otherwile would have gone to the walls. By thefe means the wrath of 
 the King againtt the Romans was well allaied for the pri^fcnt: neverthelel's,be ceaied not all the 
 time ofpeace to bethink how he might gather more lUength,andbeab'e to war again, whenfo- 
 everany good occafionfhould be prefented unto him. Heencreafed therefore therevenues of 
 the Crown, not only by railing taxes out ofall the fruits of theearth and fettingimport and cu- 
 ftoms upon all merchandife brought into his Realm by fe» from terrain parts ; hut alfo revived 
 
 Q the reits & iffues of the old mines which haddifcontiniied, yea.S: in many places ordained new. 
 Moreover, to rep'enifh his country, vvhich by many calamities following wa ,vvas difpeopled, 
 he not only took order that his fubjeiis fliou'd multiply by forcing them toget, breed, and 
 bringup children, butalfotranflateda great multitude of Thraciansinto Mac:do:~y ; and fora 
 good time wherein he wasinrepofe and reft from the war, he bent his whole mind, and employ- 
 ed all his Rudy how to mike himfelf great, and augment the puiffance of his kingdom. Then old 
 (natters and quarrels were renewed, which might whet his (f omack,and kindle his anger againft 
 
 Bbbb ; the
 
 g22 ^^^ «^»^ ^^^ thmtetb DOo\ of 1 .Livius. 
 
 the Romans. For the complaints which the Theflalians and the Perrhabians made for ihat their H 
 Cities were by him poflelledjlikevvile ihole grievances which the tmbafladors ol King £;<»;<»« 
 laid abroad touching the Thracian Towns, which he feized and held by torce. were heard by the 
 Romans; fo as it evidently appeared, that they cegle6^ed them not. But that which moved r.he 
 Senat moft,was this, That they had intelligence how he intended tobe Lord ot t/E^m and Ma' 
 rorea'-is fortheThe{lalians,ihcy took lefs regard of them,Moreover,therecamethe tmbafladors 
 oi /Ithi^r/jamci^ vvho complained not for the lofi of fome part of their territoiy, northatheen- 
 croachedupon their frontiers.but that all >t/r/..w/t;«/. full and whole,was reduced under the lub- 
 iecftion snci juri dI6lion of the King.Thebanifhed perlons alfo oiMfirofsea,wiliO had been chafed 
 out oftheCity by the Kings gsrri'cnCfot that they Hood in defence and maintenance ot hberty) 
 made relation.that liot only M^roKea was in the hands of Fhilip,bm the City o((y£>ius alfo.Likc* J 
 wife there came Embafiadors from Philif, to purge him ot all thefe matters laid to theircharge, 
 who averred-That their King ..ndMafttr had done nothing but by ccmmilfion and warrant t'rom 
 the Roman General, They pleaded and alledged, that the cafe ofthe Theflalian,PerrhGcbian,and 
 M.ignehan Cities yea.andthe whole nation ot ^/^<?»,rf,;/i2 together with Kminayder-tVizs all one 
 with the j£tolians: namely,That after KKtiochu. the King was chaied and expelled, the Cof. him- 
 felfbein" cmploied and occupied inbefiegingtheCity oity£tolia, feni i'^///;; for to recover the 
 States abovenamedjV^hich being vanquifhed in war , were now fubjed unto him. Hereupon the 
 Senat, becaufe they would notdetermineand fet down any thing in the abience ofthe King, fenc 
 three Delegates or Commiflioners to decide thelecontroverhesto wit, Qji nciliusMetellHs.M, 
 Boel'im Tampl-:lt!s^ind T.Sempromm.U^on whofe-arrivaU,there was publifhed a generall Diet of j^ 
 all thofe Stares that were at difference with the King to be holden at Tempe in TheJfJy. When 
 they were all fet there in council!, ttie Roman Legats, as umpiers and judges, the TheffaliansjPer- 
 rhctbians, and At hamans as plaintiffs and acculers, sod Philip as defendant to hear and receive 
 thechiillengesandaccufationsagainli him ; ihechief Embaffadors from the laid Ciries, pleaded 
 againrt Phi'lip bitterly or mudly ,more or lefs, according to the feveral difpoftion ot their natures, 
 and the proportion either of affedfionate favour or malicious hatred which they bare to him. 
 Now all ihequeftionand dtbatetouching P/3(/;p^op!)/M, incc.i-, Phaloria-,EMryme»A,indot\\tt 
 towns abnutthem was this Wherher thofe pietes,conhderingthe ^-tolians won and I eld them 
 by force (& well known ic was, that 'Philphad tikenititm from the i£tolians) belonged inrighc 
 to the Ti^iffaians ot appertained of oictimeto the i£tolians?for ^c///«j had granted themun-L 
 to the K. upon thefe conditions, namelyjif tl^i y were any of the appurtenances of the jEtoliansi 
 and if they combined and took part with the ^toiians willingly oftheir own accord and not by 
 conltraint and force cjf arms. Upon ukc terms Hood the controverfie ot the Perrhsbian and Mag- 
 ncfLin towns. For the ^Etolian^ had brought a confulion in ail their tenures, by reafon that they 
 held .ind pofTeffcd thofe Cities,by taking their vantage upon divers occafions. Befides thefe fub- 
 fiantiaU point" properly to be dec ided.the Theflalians came in with their complaints alfo: " For 
 *' that thofe towns ( in cafe they were out of hand delivered unto them , yet ) he fliould render 
 ''them fpoiled-.nakcd anddefolai.For overandbelides thofe who mile arried by cafualty of war, 
 '' Ph/Iip h 'd carried away into M.iccdoyi) 500 even the principall flower ottheiryouthjandabu- 
 " fed them like ilaves inputting them to bafe miniileries & fervil drudgeries, and look whatl'oe- j^ 
 "verby compulfion heredelii.ered to the Theffalians, he had taken order afore that they fhould 
 '• be good for nothing. As for example (fay they) Thebes in Phthia, the only maritime City for 
 "much tiaffickand merchandife was in times pa(t gainful and commodious to the Theffalians, 
 " and brouf'.ht them great revenues and profits. But Philip had turned the ftaple and all the trade 
 *' and negotiation by lea from thence to DfWif/r/^, and having got hulks and hoys, caufed them 
 "to baulk and pafsby 7 hcbes.s.r\d direct their courfe for I'd'»««r;^.Nay,heconld not fo much as 
 " hold his hands from evill entreating their EmbalTadors, who by law of nations arc inviolable. 
 " For he forelaied them in ambufli as they were in their journey to T.^mtus.^y which means 
 " theThclT.iliansall in general! were fo over-awed by him, and put in fuchfear, that thereis not 
 " a m.in amor.gQ them dareopen hismouth,eitherin their own Cities,or in any ofthe Diets and {,5 
 "Councils ofthe whole nation. For why ? their patrons of whomthey hold their liberty arc far 
 '' off.hut an in-iperious Lord they have that fitteth ever on their skirts, and pricketh them conii- 
 '■ nually in the fides, and will not fufferthem to ufe and enjoy the benefits granted them by the 
 " people of Rome, For take away from them the liberty of (peech once,what freedom have they 
 " left? Andevcnatthisprefentt'oralltheaffiiranceand confidence they have in the priviledge of 
 *' Emhafladors they rather figh and groanout their words,tban fpeak frankly,and parley with li- 
 " berty. And unlefsthe Romans provide better in fome good fort ,that both the Greeks remain- 
 "ingin ^/<l'Y/i>;;^ m?yhevoid offear,and P/;//;;? alio curbed and kept fhort for being fobold,ic 
 " will be to 110 piirpofeat all,that cither he was v,inquifbed,or they en franc hi fed. He is therefore 
 * to be held in witfi a rougher and harder bit in hh mouth, like an headflrong and unruly horfe? q 
 " tliat wi 11 not be ro'cd with a gentle fnafBe.ln this fharp and eager manner dealt the laff ,where- 
 " as the lormcr had nfed fairl 'n;?,uage to appeafe and moUifie his anger, befeeching hi" grace to 
 "pardon them in rafe they fpakc their minds for their liberty, to lay down the rigor of a Lord and 
 ' Maftertnbejrhimielf ike a kind ally and loving friend, &to take example ofthe Romans,3nd 
 "thctp to imitate, who chole rather to gain affociats by love, than conftrain them by fear. After 
 " audience given to the Theflalians.the Perrhxbianscame in place,and alledged that Gonmcondy 
 
 '■'■Ins
 
 The nine and thirtieth Boo/^ of T.Li vius. 852 
 
 A *'//«(» City which Pheiip named 0/y»;/);^)be!onged in right co Terrh£''ia:^ eaineft they were, 
 " that it might be reftored unto ihem.They demanded alio to have AjaU ■. and Encimum again. 
 " Then the Athamans put in, and ipakefortheir liberty, and to have the forts ot Atho.&nm and* 
 '' /*o««f«>w rendred unto them. P/j/Z/y^be^aulehe would lecm more iike a plaintiff than a dcfen- 
 *' dam & to accuie rather than to be accuied .began himieit aiio with compljints. He found him- 
 '* ielf grieved that the Thcllalians had won by lorte oform^ theCity Ahml.us in A /(j/i/., part of 
 *'the appurtenances belonging to his kingdom. /ff»«,Th-it the lame Thcflaii^ns and thcPerrhx- 
 *' biaas together had toned Petra'm Piena.hs for Aj^i^i^an^foolian town without alt quellion) 
 *' they had indeed laid it unto his feignory, but Par/iche/ou, v/hkh fliould be under yUb-ima-na, 
 *' by no right in the world was annexed to the Thefla.ians Sc comprifed within their ch.irter.Foc 
 
 B "a' touching the m.itters(quoih he^^hargeci upon me fo odionflynamcly of layino await for the 
 " Embafladors ol trequtnting thofe port-towns or abandoning thofe: the one is a raeer mockery 
 '•and ridiculous thing :n^mely,tor me togi^e account what havens meri. bancs and mariners fail 
 " untoor arri.e ataneottier is..leanadvcifeS:'-ontr iry to my nature & tiiat whi.h I never could 
 " ibide to piattice.For thele many years(qd. hejLmb.tlV.idors have ne> er cealed and given oVer, 
 " to inform grievous matters againii me to the Roman Generjls, and to the Stnacat Rcme: and 
 "whii-h ofthemC'cr to this day hath tiad lomuihas afoui word given again unto him trorii me? 
 •' Suppofed 8c ohjcvftcd it is, that once ihcy were torlaied by the vv.iy as ihcy were goirg co Ojim- 
 " r;m,but it k not laid withall what hapned unto them. Thi< manner of dealing Scaccufationl'a- 
 '■ voureth of quarreiiers that fain would havefomewh.it to fay,"c>e it neier fof.ufe.vvhen they can 
 
 C'tfind nom-tteroftnnh to charge a man witiiai.Ti'eieThcfl lijns beyond all mcafureabufe the 
 "kindnefsSc indulgence ofthe people o'i'Jj/TffjSc raring as itien who had endured a icngdroughc, 
 *' they drink over-greedily,pouring in fheer liberty, & nothing e le to^t, and know not when to 
 '' make an end, and to break their draught: Like, for all the world tobondflaves fuddenly letac 
 *' trecdom beyond their hope and Lxptibtion, whufe manner is to 1 reik out into broad terms 
 •' and lit entious language and cannot contain but revile andrailat their very Maders.And ,it latt, 
 * in a furious fit of choler hebur.t forth intothcfe words, Ttianht Uinwasnotfet jndgoneto 
 '' bed for cverjbut would oneda\ rifeagun. I hii; minatory fpeech ot his not only the Ihcflalians 
 tookto thcmielvc: but the Roman alio conff rued as aglan eat them. Upon thee words .irol'e 
 lome bruit and murmuring in the alfembly, but being in the end appcafed&Hiilcd he p.nfvvered 
 
 D the agents toi the Perrhacbians and Athamans inthis wile, 'That the cafe andcondition of thofe 
 "Cities trrwhi h they (food, was one and the fame, namely, that trie Cof. yii.7/«jand theRo- 
 *' mins pafTed them unto him by a dcedofg'ft. as ha- ing aforetime belonged to their enemies. 
 "Now it they who have given.wili alio take .w.iy the lame,thcn <'qd.lie^ I mult needsquit my 
 " hoId,andloie them .-but info doing they fnal togratific theirfi kle,in> onlinnt and vain illies, 
 "men of no reg.nd and good for nothing, do mere and manitelt wrong to a far better and more 
 *' taithtuh friend. For nothing is there in the world more thanklefs and lefs while accepted than ii- 
 ^'■bertyiefpei.ially with them who know nothow to ufeit Sc by abufethcreofwillfoonfpilithe 
 "graceofmch abencht. Then the Roman Delcgats having heard the rcafoni and allegations of 
 both parties pronoun. ed fentence, ThattheMa.edonian^arrifon'; fliou.d quit the Cities above- 
 
 £faid,and the Realm oi Maccdoyiy\iQCon'aacd within the an. ient bounds and limits. As touching 
 the injuries whi.h they complained to have been reciprocally offered trom one to mother there 
 was a form ind onrle of law to be let down which Ihould contain a procefs and manner, how 
 the matters between the Macedonians and the other nations might be reformed andcompoied. 
 HercattheKingwashighiy offended and dii'pleafed, but theDeiegats went their waies toward 
 Thejfalonica^r.o viht likewiie the Cities of Thr.ice, and to hear their caufes ; where the Embaffa- 
 dors of Kin^£«wf«f.f made a fpeech tothiseffedt. 
 
 " If theple.iiure of the Romans be, that the two Citiese^;;«rsnd Ma'-oyiea lliallbe free,it is not 
 '■'• for us in modelfy to fay any more but advertiieS: admonifh them to leave the i'.;me in reall and 
 "no. in verba iliiberty, and not fuffer a gift by them granted to be impeached or intercepted by 
 
 F *' another.BMtif they have lefs care andionfideration of the Cities and States p'.-.nted in T/5?-.-(rf , 
 "yet more meet and reafon it is that thofe phceswhicli fomccimcs were lubjeil unto yintiochus^ 
 '' fliouldfallto Eumenes ziihcT thin to Phthp ; byway of rccompence for war-fervice,in regard 
 " as well of the micrits of his father y^ffrt/«j during the war againif Pkilip. as ot his own dcferrs, 
 " who during the war with Antiochus, was perfonally p! elcnc in all travels 5; dangers both by Tea 
 *' and land. And to this effeit.he hath befides an award of the ten Dclcgits paffcd already bcfore- 
 " hand,who in the grant and donation of Cherfonncftn S: Lyfirnachi.t, h.n-e no doubt given Ma- 
 " ro»ca & t/£yiu4 likewife to be as dependants of a greater gift, confidering the near vicinity and 
 "oeighborhood of thofe other Cities. For, asconcerning /'/);//p, what hath he dcfervedatthe 
 " hands ot the people ofKome ? What right of feignory can he pretend ,vvhy he fhould plant gar- 
 
 Q " rilbns in theie Cities fo far remote & diftant as they be Irom the frontircs oCMaccdo^j ? I willi 
 "ye would call for the Maronits, and hear what they can fay, who are able toenform you more 
 "fully and certainly in allrerpe£t<: ot the whole (fate of thele Cities. Then were ttie Embaffadors 
 of the Maronits called in: who affirmed ■'•That the King had a garrifonnot in one place only of 
 "their City ( as be had in other Cities befides ) but in many quarters thereof at one time ; !o a.? 
 " '/.j>-ff«f4 waspertered full with Macedonians. And therefore (fay they)the Kings favorits and 
 *■ flatterers areibey that rule all and bear thefway : they andnonebut ihcy, may be allowed to 
 
 " fpeak
 
 854 ^^^ ^^^^ ^^^ thirtieth Boo\ o/T.Livius. 
 
 <^M'peakbothinSenatat the Council-table, and in general aflemblies before the people : they go H 
 "away with all honours &dignities,& either areinveBed therein thcmlehes.orellc center them 
 " upon whom they pleal'e. The bert men, who fland either for defence ohreedcm-or in mainte- 
 " nance of the lavvs,cithet are driven their country and bani{hed,or f.t a told & blow their nails, 
 " for any advancement they come unto; & being fubjeft and thrall to perfons of no woxth^lhnd 
 " like cyphers and hold their peace. Somewhat they faid moreover as touching the right of their 
 limitsto mziThiiQ^.F.hiHi L^ito.at what time as he wasinthofepartSjConhned /'/;;//^v\ithin 
 the bounds of the old Kings- fireet or high vvay,which direftly leadeth to Paroreia in Jhrace^zndL 
 in no p'aie declineth toward the fea : but Philip afterwards had made a new caufey.and drawn ic 
 with acompafs about, within which he empaled and took in the Cities & territories allb of the 
 Maronlts. To ihefe thallenges Wi»//jp began far otherwife^than he did ot late agairrt the Theflali- I 
 Tbe Orni.>a ans and Pcrrhabians, and in this wile he fpake : '^ I have, quoth he.no matter to debate either 
 ot KingPW/. >' vvith the Maronits or Eun'.oies; but now at this prel'ent lam toconteft even with yoii^mv Ma- 
 '"fters o^Rome) at whofe hards 1 havefeen thus long that lean obtain no reaion and equity. I 
 " thou<^htit meet 2nd rightjthatthe Macedonian Cities, which had revolted from meduring the 
 '' time oftruce, fnould'berendred again unto me: not for any gi eat emreafe of leignory that 
 " thereby fl-ioold have accrued unto my kingdom(tor fmall towns they are god wot, and l-.tuatup- 
 " ontheutmb(Hronriers)-utbecaue their precedent and example might have imported much* 
 " to retain the relf of the Macedonians in their duty and alieageame.In no wife it would be grari- 
 *' ted. During the j£colian war I was enjoynedby ihtConMAciL-M tobehege and alFauit the 
 *' City Lnnitf- and after I had been toiied out and wearied with maintaining skirmifhes, raihng|^ 
 « fabric^,, planting ordnance and engins againlt it, even when I was at the very point to fcale 
 *'ihe walls and force the City, the Coi. reclaimed and called me away, yea,and compelled meto 
 '< levy the hege,'.nd withdraw my forces from thence. And for to make me fome part of amends 
 " for this wrong done, permitted I was to win again and conquer certain fmail piles and lortri 
 " rather thanCitie^s oiThef ly^Pcrrhocbia-, and AthamMia. And even thofe al(o,I may fay unto 
 " you O.C(tcv-tui.^z\\%\t. taken from me within rhefe few dales. And now forfooth ol late the 
 * EmbTliadors of £«;/.-«;« alfo ( and God will ) have prefumed upon this as a thing granted and 
 " without all queflion, That more reafonitis for Eitmenesto have & enjoy that which belonged 
 '• to h>itioch:isshzx\ for me.But my judgment is far otherwife. And why? £«wf«e/could never 
 « havecontinuedin his Realm, unlefs the Romans, I will notfay, had vanquifhed 'K.Amiochu'h L 
 " but furely it they had not waged war againlf him. And therefore is he endebted unto you,and " 
 <' you no waiesbeholden unto him. As for my kingdom jfo tar was it off that any part or quartet 
 '■• ofitfliould be in hazard and;eopardy ; that when v^«f«c^wof his own meer motion offered 
 '- to buy my fociety with three thoufand talents, and fifty covered fliips of war togetherwith 
 " all thofe Cities in Cj>-ffff which 1 held inpofielTjon aforetime; I refuted all, anddifdainedhis 
 "alliance, yea. and I prbfeffed openly < even betore that M. Aai'Hs camt over with his army into 
 <• (Jr^fff,. that I was his enemy, and togetherwith that Conful. was employed in what part foe- 
 '' ver of the war, which be charged and laid upon me. Alfo when L, Seipw the Coniul hisfuc- 
 "ccffor, determined to lead his army by land to Heflefpo>jt-, I not only gave him leave to pafs 
 " peaceab y through my Realm, butaltbcaufed the high vvaiesto be paved and gravelled, bridges {^ 
 •' to be msdengainfl his coming,yea.and furniOied him with provilion of viituals. And this'did 
 " I. not in M iccdoiy alone, but alfo throughout all Thrace-, where among other matters, this 
 '' was not oPle.iif imp .rtince and confequence, to rettrain thofe barbarous nations there, from 
 *' running upon them, an'd to keep theminpeace and qnietnefs. Inconfiderationnowofthis 
 *' kind affeMon of mine (If I rhay nor call it a good defert) unto you, whether ought yeRomans 
 "inre fortrogivemefornevvhatto that I have, to augment and encreafe my dominion by youc 
 " largelsand munificence or,tbcakefromme( asyou do ) that which I have either in mine own 
 " right or by gift from you ? The Macedonian Cities, which you confefs to have been parcels of 
 ' my kingdom .ire not reft ored unto me. Eunwies on the other fide, he comes to make fpoil of 
 " me,as if I we.e A.7f/V/wr,andCmark 1 pray you the device of it) he pretendeth a decree of the j^ 
 " tendelegats to colour his moft fliamelefs, impudent & cautelous falfhood; even that by which 
 
 * himfelf may be moll refuted and convifted. For in very exprefsandplain terms it is thus writ- 
 '' icn.lhnC hfyfofinefis & Lyfima:1)in are given to Eumenes. Where I pray you,and in what cor- 
 ' ' ner of the infliumem and patent rtand t/^nus^Maronea., and the Cities of Thrace ? Shall he ob- 
 " tain that u'your hinds, and by your means,as given and granted from thofe ten Delegats,whfch 
 *^ he never durrt fomuchas once demand and reuiqre ofthem ? Tell me ^ifthe thing be worth fo 
 
 * miich J in what placeyewould r.mge and reckon me ? If your purpofe be to perfecute me as an 
 "enemy and morrallfoe. fpire not, but go onflillasye have begun: but ifyou refpe(5fmeasa 
 '"King, asyour ally and friend, 1 befeech you, repute me not worthy of fo notorious and mani- 
 
 " fett a wrong. This Oration of the King in fome meafure moved the Commi(Tioners, and there- q 
 fore by fr,iming a mean and indifferent anfwer, they held the matter fHIl in fufpence undecided,; 
 " If ( fay they ) the Cities in queftionwere given to Eumtnes^ by venue of'a decree letdown 
 "by thetenDe'egats, we wilt not change nor alter any thing therein. But in cafe P/ir/-^ acqui- 
 " red them by Conqueft and force of arms, he fhould have held them as the guerdon of his 
 " viv'^ory. If neither, we are of opinion. That the hearing and decifioii of this difference fhaU 
 "be referred overto the Senat: and to the end, that all may remain entire, the garrifons in 
 ■ . thofe
 
 The nine and thirtieth Bool^ of T. Li vius. '85^ 
 
 A "thofc Cities (h«ll be withdrawn anddepart.Thefe,! fay,wcre thecaufes rKitprin- ipjilyeflrin- 
 gedthealfedionoffo/Z/p from the Romans, and Wioiight diiLontentment in ins nc^rt ; info* 
 Tnuih,as evident it is, that the war was not cmerpiiicd by his fon Pe>jfu, upon any new quanels 
 and trefli occanonbiit upon thcte motives le;tiuito him by his father to bcpnrliicd. 
 
 No lufpition was there at Rome of a Macedonian wn.L'Alarl u the HroConiui was recurred 
 out or bpAtn-.iod whenhedem.indeda triumph of theSenat aflcmb cd in the Temple of 5f//<7;r<», 
 the lame m regard of his noble and worthy expioits might have been obcained, but torexample 
 fakeic was noc granted. For an order it was in ^^wr, by anJent .uliomeoi ilieirforefithers 
 that no man might triumph who brought not his army back with him unlefs he left unto his fuc- 
 ceflbur the Province fully fubJued and .etlcd in pea.t-.Hovvbeit,/J^^:jA«f was jjlowed an indiffe- 
 B rent honour namely, to enter into the City by way ot O ation. In whi. h folemnicy he hjd born 
 before him in a pompous pageant two and Htty coronets of gold Moreover in " )id ahundred 
 thirty two pound weight, and in iilverllx thoufand three hundred. Aifo, he pronoun: ed aloud in 
 chcSenat, that ^f^^w the Quei^or was coming, and brought wuh him ten thouf<ind pound 
 weight more cfnlverjand eighty of go.d, which he meant iikewiieto bringinto theChamberof 
 the City. 
 
 That year a great commotion and infurred^ion there was of bondllnes in ylp::i-a. L. Pojlhw 
 >w/«j the Prxtor had the government of r^r*»f«»> and he fat in inquiiition upona damned crew 
 of certain herdmen and grahers, who had con pired together and uied to rob by the hi"h-way 
 fide, and in the common paHures belonging to the City ; which CommiiTion he fojlowtd with 
 C fu.h feverity and rigor,that -.e condemned 7000 o them. Many efcaf.ed and flcd,bur many were 
 executed and fuft'ered deith.Asfor the Coffjong were they kept in the diy oi Rome^zbowx. the le- 
 vy of fouldiers,but at length they went into their Provinces. 
 
 I he fame year, C.C<»//»/>«>'«/«r and L.QjiKtius the Praetors in SpMn, having in the beoinnln" of 
 the Spring led forth their armies out of their wintring holds, andjoyned theirforces tcether in 
 5tff«)'/.» advanced forward into Cdrfetain, ^where the enemies were encampedy with a relblcti- 
 on to manigc and condufl the war with one joint mind and common council! tooether. Not fit 
 from the Cities Hppot and To/fr»w, there began a skirmifh between the forragers of both parts, 
 tbatweregouc forth to make provifion: feconded they were from the one camp and the other, 
 by mean-- whereof, the whole armies of both fides by little and little, came forth into the field to 
 D flrike a full batteJ.In this tumultuary skirmifh the enemies had the vantage. as well of the Toiind 
 wherein they wercembattelled asoT the manner of fight and fervice. Byreifon whereof both 
 the Roman armies were difcomfited and driven ba . k into theij camp ; but the enemies prefled 
 not upon them notwithHandingthey were put in great fright and much difordcrcd. The Roman 
 Prartors daubting left their camp the morrow after fliould beafl.iiled, diflodged in thcnightbe- 
 tweenvn^^rcat fecretand filence, without any found of trumpet, and departed In the mornin<*by 
 b e k of day,the Spaniards in ordinance of battel! approached the tren.h andrampier: and be- 
 ing entred within the camp (which they found void and empty beyond their hope and expeilati- 
 onjthey rifled andranfa.ked ill that the Romans left behind them, whiles they made haffe away 
 in I he nigh, feafonrfrom whence the enemies returned totheirown camp, and there for certain 
 •gdaie; abodein landing leaguer and Hirred nor. Inthacbattelland in the chafetoc-cther. there 
 we eflMnoi'Rominsnid -lilies 50C0: and with the fpoiles ot their bodies, the enemies armed 
 them eh es: from then e they mir-hed to the river y^j^r//. The Roman Prs:tors in the mean fea-* 
 fon cmploved all ihat time to levy and aflemble new forces out of the Confederat Cities of SvAin^ 
 and in Lomforring and en. our ging the hearts of their own fouldiers a'"ter their fright, upon this 
 ad-irfecnnflittand unlu'.kyfoil. Now when they had gathered ( as they thought; a fufficienc 
 power and took themfeb es Hrong enough, and that the fouldiers alfo dclired to be di^in-' with 
 the enemy, for to rale out andean ell the former ignomy and difgra^e) they encamped twehe 
 miles irom the river Tajrtis aforefaid: and about the third watch of the night ad. .in ed their 
 ftandards.and m'rching in afourfquarebattell, by day lightthey were come to the b.inkof the 
 ,p river 'now were the enemies lodged upon a little mount beyond 1 he water: ) and incontinently 
 in rwo pi Kes( where the river fliewed a foord)they waded through with their arms, Ca!phtirtiins 
 on f tie right hind, and Qjimtiiis on the left. Allthis while the enemies continued quiet nnd mo- 
 ved nor : but in the mean time, while as they wondred n their fudden coming, and devi'ed how 
 to trouble and diforder the fouldiers as they fhonldmakehaHetopafs theriver, theRomans 
 ha ^ irmfDorred over themie '.e":, and their bag and baggaijef.lfo; yea, andbronght all to'^ether 
 into one p'ace. And bcciufc they perceived by this time the enemy to (tiraiid remove, and 
 had norimeto fortifie theircamp, they put themfeUes in bartell array. In the midd flood the 
 fit th legion of r<i/^(v/i'w«r, andtheeighth of 0'«i f'«r, which vv.is the very flower andllrength 
 ©""thewhoe army. Novv they had a fairopenpKiin allthe wiy betweenihem andthcenemies 
 Qcamp, o as there wasnocau'ero fea'-.iny ambufli. The Spaniard- fo foon as they cfpied rwo ar- 
 mie<;o*"fheir enemies upon t^ar ('deofrhe bank whit h was next to them all at once ilfned out 
 oftheiramp and ra-' tobutell ; to the end that they might furpr'fesndempeach them be- 
 fore they could joyn and nncethemfel' es together. ThePgluwas flnp ^nd hot inrhe bes'n- 
 ri' g • for the Spiniardsof the one (-de were puffed up with the con eit .ind ptide of their lite 
 v!(5>ory: and the Rommso^ the o-her vveregalled md inenfed for in<:cr of a difhonorfe- 
 cei\cdj which they were not uied unto. The batiell in the midft ( confiflingoftwomoft valiant 
 
 ard
 
 8 ^6 ^he nine and thirtieth Boo\ o/T.Livius. 
 
 and hardy legions) fought righc couragioufly: which the enemies^ feeing that they could not o- H 
 thcrwiie fetch to reireat and ^ve ground, began to charge upon them with a battaillon in coio- 
 fafhion ilofe together ; and Hill they prcfled hard upon them in the midft mort & more in nutn- 
 ber^anaeuer thuker ranged. Calphurmw the Prsior leeirg thisbattciidilireiltd andindargec> 
 (cnt with alllpeed L.i^iutntUiHs P^arus^ and L.Juvtmtus Julv^-, two Lieutenants, to either ot the 
 legions fe\etaily,to en outage and exhort them to liick to it like men, and to make rtmonhranc? 
 and relation ••• 1 hai in ibtm alone confifled all the hope of conquering and keep n^ by^$n: if 
 "they never foi'ttle yielded baikSt loft their giound, there was not one ot the whole ^rmy thai 
 " ftiould cv er Cce Italy again no,nor fo much as the f.»rther bank of Tagm.hi tor himfe)f,hc took 
 with him the Cavalry ot two Legions, and when he h«d wheeled a little about jnd fvta compafs 
 with them.he charged hotly upon the flank of the forelaidftrongbattaillon oftheenemies, which I 
 jffailed andurgedhillthe mainbaitell. ^w/wallowith his Cavalry flanked the enemies on the 
 other fide ; but the horfemen oiCa/phurmut fou°ht more fierc eiy by odds than the other, and the 
 Praetorhimielf inperfon wasformoit of them all; for he was the frit that drew bloud of an ene- 
 my 8c fo far engaged himfelf within them that hardly a mancou d know ot whi^hiide helought: 
 by his fingular valour, the horfemen were mightily animated ; and by ihe valour oftheCavalry 
 on horfeback,the Imantry alio were enkindled to fight onfoot.Thc ptin.ipal Centuiions were 
 abafhed and afhamed to leethePritor in petfon among the pikes and fwnrds of his enemies.* 
 and therefore e\ ery man for his part did his belt, put forward the port-cnligns, wi.ling them to 
 advan.etheirbanners,to the end that the fouldiers might fo:low hard afte .7 hen began they ob 
 allhandstofct upa ireih andluHy fhout; ihey took their b'er and charged upon i htm as. from ij 
 the vantage ofanhighe ground : byreafon whereof they diiarrayedthemftriijandlikeafor-ible 
 flreamthey bare thern down before them, fo as they tould not Hand upon their 'Ctt and iuHain 
 this violenic ot toeirs.bm felloneupon another. As many as fled towird the camp thehor;e- 
 mcnpurfued, and foime.mingledthemfeUes among the rout oftheenemies, that h.y em red 
 pell-mell with them into their hold ; wherci they that were left for the guard thetco renewed 
 thefight, (o that the Roman horfemen were for. ed to lightfrom their horfes: and whiiestheyr 
 mAimained the conflidt, the fift Legion came to lecond them, and conl'equertly more and more 
 fucco«r> as they pclfibly couldran to them : down went the Spaniards and weremalhcred in all 
 parts of the camp • ^nd not above 4000 of them all, fled away andfavcdtbeBifehes : of whikb 
 number, about ■'coo (who fiillkevt their armour) feized upon a hill near adjoyninp: the other L 
 thouland being for the moft p.i rt arnned by the halfs, were fi-attered ail cv er the fit Ids. The ene- 
 mies were at hrH above 35000 but after this battell fi^e h ow few of them were lefr: and from 
 them were won 15? enrgn>.0 Romans and AHies,ihere died few above fix hundred ; of auxi- 
 liary fouldiers from out of the Provine, jbopt 1 JO Five martiall Tribunes were loft ^andccr- 
 tain Roman Gentlemen, whole dcuhcpe ialiy, made it feem a bloudy viftory. Aftcrwhich 
 the army aho le within theenemies camp 'or that themlelves had no time to fottific their own. 
 The next morrowC.C 'fimrniu<\n an open aodience,highly praifed the horfemen,apd rewarded 
 them with r'th harnefs and trapping- deelaiing aloud. That by means of their good fervice 
 principally theenemies were di omfited and their camp forced. As for J^««r//»i the other Prae- 
 tor bebeilovvtd upon his men oUrms, fmall chains and buttons of gold. TheCemurions vi 
 likewifeofboth armies re>.eived gifts at their hands, and namely, ihofc who fought in the main 
 battel. 
 
 The Confulshavingfinifbed the levy of fouldiers, and accompliftied all things requi/ite to be 
 done in /?»«», led the army i rorhcir Province of L//MrM. Semprar.ius de^intditovci Pifa^ and 
 made a journey againil the ^puanLi»nrians;where,by wafting their territories andburning their 
 towns and fortri {fes, he m de way into theforrefl and opened the paffigesas far as to the rivet 
 Macra andihe po tof/^-w<i. Theenemies took a certain mount (an ancient hold^ where their 
 ancdlorsiometimes hadfeated themfelves : but from thence tbey were by force di{reized,byrea- 
 fon that the Ro nan^ overcame the difficulties of the avenues thereio. Ap. C/W/«r like wife for 
 his part, was tquall in vaiour'and good fortune to his Collegue, as havingfought certain pro' pe» jq 
 roU5 battel-; with the Ligurian Inguames. He forced befides fix towns of theirs, and took m^ny 
 thoufands of prifoncrs within them'. Of the chief authors of that rebellion, he caufed three and 
 forty to lofetbcir heads. 
 
 Now approached the time of the folemn aftcmblyforelei^ion o'"Magiftrats at ^sw^ : and albe- 
 it Semprot7if4sh\s lot it was to hold the laid affembly, yet CUudr-s retnned firll to Rawe, be; aufe 
 P.Clattdiui his brother made luit to be Conful, he had for his competif rs, L.^mylius Q^Fabi- 
 us Lab'o^ and Sewtus Si Ipitius G Iba all four of the Nobility, Old luitors they wereall,and be- 
 caufethey had fuffered the repulfe aforetime, they renewed the luit lor this dignity, as being fo 
 much the ratherdue, becaule it had been once denied them. And this was the f aufe that thefe 
 fourtollowedSc prcfTed the harder for to obtain the famcbecaufe it was not lawful for 'ny more q 
 th 'n f ne of the Patrmi at once co be created Cof.There were a f o of the Commoners c ertain per- 
 fons well beloved and of i^ood reputation that flood in eleftionfor the place, to wit L. Porcius^ 
 Q^Ter yitiMS CuHeo and (\,Ea:hiHs Tamihi/us: they alfo had taken repulfe beforetime, and were 
 putoffftill in hope one day yet to obtain that honourable dignify. (/W'«.f of iheni all was only 
 the new Competiior. Now men thought verily without any doi'bt & queftion, yea and deftinea 
 intheirconccits,<^/^^?^/*iZ,^^f<7,aiidZ'./'(7rf/«.»L»a»;»;tobeConfuls, ButC/Ww^theConiul, 
 
 together
 
 The nine and thirtieth Boo^ of T.Livius. 837 
 
 A together with his brother beftirredhimfelf,and without his Ufhers attending upon him, travel- 
 led and laboured hard in all parts of the common place : notwiihdarding the adverlariesjyea and 
 the molt ot the Senators cried out upon him, and laid, That he ought to lonhder and remember 
 rather that he was theCol.of the people of A'swf.than brother to I\Clandiui; why then fat he not 
 IHII in the Tribunal either as prelident and judge of the court alVembled,or elfe as a beholder and 
 fpeitator only, without laying any word himlelf ? Howbeit, he could not pclTibly be reclaimed 
 from this diiordinate artedtion ot his which he Qievved in labouring for his brothcr.This elefti- 
 on was divers limes alio troubled with the great debates and contentions cauled by theTribuns 
 of the Commons : whiles Ibme orthemlpake againft theCof.others again maintained hisi'uir,and 
 cook part with him.But in theend,F<^^//« tockthefoiljand A/;/)»i went away with theoamejtor 
 
 B his brother.So P.CUudms Py.l:her was created Coi.beyond his own hope, and more than others 
 looked lor. L.Porciut L(V/-;/«/held his own, and obtained the fecond placein his ^ ourl'e ; torthac 
 the Commoners went moder.uly to workj& (hewed not lb much atfection and forcible means as 
 CUtid'Hi^xi. Atterthis.washo:dcn the eleftion ot Pritors. And chofen there were, CDecimhn 
 F Idviis ^P .S emfi-jKiiif 1.oi^ms-,P .Cornelius Cethe^Hh O^.JVavms fl'faha.^C ,Sc.:.j>roniHS BUff4s,iT\d A. 
 Terenttus Kirro, Thus much concerning the ails atchieved both at home in theCity, and abroad 
 in the war.ihat year wherein App.Cl:udius and Ai,Sem^o)i:us were Confuls. 
 
 In tticiiL'gioning ofthenext year, in which P, Claiidms and L. Portiusbirz theConfulfL'p, 
 when as Q^Cdicil-tUfM.Bubiusiirxi J'.Semproyfus(\y[\o hadbeenfentto hear and decide thecon- 
 iroverhes between ihetwo Kings, Philip and Eiimena. and the States oiThcjfa'y ) had made re- 
 
 C port of their embalfagcs; they permitted iikewife the EmbafTadors cf the laid Princes and Cities, 
 to enter into the Senat. Whorelaced the felt-lame things again, which had been alledged before 
 in the prefence of iheforeiaid Legats in Greece. After this, t he LL, of the Senat addrcflecl another 
 new embartage into MAccdo-iy and Gr^«i?, whereof yJpp.Claudmi was the chief for to viiit and fee 
 whether the Cities adjudged ana alVigned to theRhodians, Thefl'alians, and Perrhxbianswere 
 delivered unto them accordingly. I hey alio had in charge to caufe the garrifons r^ quit e^w/and 
 MtiyoneA. and to look that all the fea-coafl of Thrada^ were treed from the fubjcdf ion of PhiLp 
 and the Macedonians. They were enjoyned moreoverto go into Peloponmfus. from whence the 
 former embalfie was departed in moredoubtfull terms than ifthey had never gonethither.For o- 
 ver and bclides other things they were fent iway without any anfwer for their dilpatch : and al- 
 
 D beit they requeHed the A. hian- for to aflemble thcirgenerall Diet,[hey might not obtain it. For 
 
 which,whea as ^Ctff;/;/« found himlelf difcontented and grievously complained, and the Lacede- 
 monians withall made pitiousmoan,that the walls of their City were demolillied and ral'ed^theit 
 common people lead iway in captivity into Achit.t.,znd there fold, and the laws ofLyc»rg;us taken 
 from them.under which their City and Common-weal until! that diy had been maintained and 
 governed: the Achxans excufed themfelvesirioft ofal! for the imputation ofrefulin" to hold a 
 Council ; and to that purpofe they rehearfed a Law and Ordinance? whereby they were forbid- 
 den expretTely tocalland publifh a Diet,unlefsitwere in the Cafe oflevyingwir and contradVinc 
 of peace, upon occafion that any embifladorscamedireftly unto them from the Senat oi Ro-ne 
 with letters,or commiirion in writing. But tor that this manner of cxcnfe fhould not ferve their 
 
 £ turn again afterwards, the Senat gave tbem plainly to underltand, that they ought totakecare 
 and order that the Roman Em'uaffadors might at ail times have means of tree accefs to their 
 Councils, like as they alfo reciprocally fhould have a Senat held for their fakes, as often as they 
 wou.d themfelves. 
 
 After thefeembaffages were departed, F/i//;»was ad"ertifed by his Embafladors, that there 
 Was no remedy but he mult abandon thoreCities,and withdraw hisg-yrrifons: and herewith be- 
 ing mightily otfended & angred againft- all, yet hedifcharged hischoicr only upon the Maronits, 
 Unto Onijmafitis.witdcn of the ports and fea-coa(f s-he gave commandment to kill the chief ofthe 
 adverfepsrt.Andheby themean.-. o^Caffayidcr^ont of the Kings fuppolb and favorits who along 
 lime h^d dwelt in Afa'^incn procured certain Tbracians to be let into the town by night. & there 
 
 F he committed murder and maffacrcas ifit had been t City won by force of arms; And when the 
 Roman embafVadors madecomplaint to him, namely ot fuch outrages committed lb cruelly againft 
 theguiltlefs Maronits, and fo proudly and infolently agiinit the people of /??wff ; inthatthey 
 fliou'dbe killed and cut in peeces as enemies, unto whom the Senat had ordained reltiLutionot 
 theirfrcedom hemadeanfwer and laid, that oeitherhimfetf, nnrany ofthofe who belonged un- 
 tohim, could do withall : but it was long of themfelves anJ their variance one with another ; 
 whiles fome of ihcCiti/.ens drew to him, and others en lined to King Enmene!. Which ye may 
 (qd.he)foonknowto be a truth, if yewih but ask theMironits themfelves: for this account he 
 made, that whi'es they were all terrified with lb lateand frelh a matTa.rc, there durft not one of 
 them open his month a^aind him. -f4/)/>/«f replied again, and laid, That they were not to make 
 
 ^an enquiry in this fo evident and notorious a fail, jf ific were in any refpecl doubtfulhbut if he 
 would difcharge and dear himfclfas innocent of ybc iiflion he Ihould fend to Rome Onomrfim 
 andCiff-indrr, who were named to have committed the outrage that the Scnai might examine 
 themupon interrogatories.This wordat the fird lb tronhled and dafhed the King that his colour 
 went and came in hir face.Sc he knew not how to keep hi ; t ounten.ince. But after he was come a- 
 gain to himl'eir,hemade anfwer. That (ilthey needs wouldjhe cared nor much to kadc^jf under, 
 for thai he had dwelt & continued in ^/4ro»f<j;but as for Onom^jlus, sy\\o neither was dLiMaronea^ 
 
 not
 
 828 'T'he nine and thirtieth Bool^ tf/T.Livius. 
 
 not fo much as in any quarter neat unto it,how poflibly could he be charged or touched with the H 
 matter ? Now as he fpared Ommaftus the rather of the iwain,ard was loath to have him come in 
 queftion, as being his more dear and honourable friend : fo he feared him much more than the 
 other, left he (hould bewray and difdofe the thing ; for that himiclf had conferred with him 
 thereabout ; and befides, he had ferved his turn divers times as a Miniikr to execute, and been 
 privy unto him as a complice to plot fuch like defignmects. Cajf^ndtr alfo,as it is verily thought, 
 was poifoned and made away, by certain that were fent of purpofeto accompany him through 
 Epiriis to the fea fide ; and ail becaufe the villany fliould not be deteii^ed and come to light. Thus 
 the Lcais departed from the parky and conterence with Philip-, tsfliewing in their counte- 
 nance, thmhey were nothing well plealed : and /'/);//;)ontheothcrfde went bis waies asrefo- 
 lute to levy war again : bin forafmuch as his forces as yet werenotfufficient todo any exploit, I 
 and becaufe he would delay the time betweeojhe determined to fend his younger Ion Demttnui 
 to Romc^ both to purge his father of thofe matters wherewith he was charged, and alio by hum- 
 ble reqiiefl to appeafe the anger ottheSenat; fuppofing, that this younggentleman, who had 
 been left as an hoUage at Rome, and there had fhewed a good teiiimony ot a Princely nature and 
 royalldifpohtion, might much avail in the caufe. Inthemean while himfelf under (.olour of ai- 
 dln" the Bizamins, but in very truth to firike fome terrour into the Princes of 7 hrace., msde an 
 expedition againft them : and when he had in one battel! difcomfited them, and taken priioner 
 rheir chietCaptain Amadorus^\\& returned into Maccdony^ having fent certain mefiengers to folli- 
 cit the barbarous nations. inhabiting near the river Iflcr-, for to enter and invade /f-j/y. InPela- 
 ponnc^Hi alfo the coming of the Roman Legats was expefted,who by this commifllon were enjoy- k 
 ned to pafs out of Macedony into Achaa : againll whom becaufe the Achaeans would not be to 
 feek whattofay,Z-7(;orf<M their Pritor fummoneda publikc Councill aforehand. In whiih there 
 was parly as touching the Lacedimonians, namely, how that of enemies they were become in- 
 formers and accufers, and danger it was, leH when they were vanquifhed they would be more to 
 be fearedjthan all the time that they waged war.For during the vvars^the Achaeans found the Ro- 
 mans to be their good aflbciats, but now the fame Romans are more friendly to the Laceda:mo- 
 nians thantothe Achseans/ccing that Areusind hlcibtades (banifhed perfons both onto^ Lace- 
 dxmon^ and by the means of the Achaeans relf ored again to their place ) had undertaken to go in 
 embafl"ageto/?owtf, againft the Achaean nation, which had fo well defervcd at their hands; and 
 there "ave fo hard language againft them.as if they had been chafed and driven out of their coun- L 
 try and not reftored thereunto by them. Hereupon arofe a great outcry from all parts of the af- 
 femb'yior toputto queftion, what fhouldbedeteiminedexpreffely of themby namcj and in 
 this fit where all went by choler,and nothing by counfeljcondemned they wereto die.Somefew 
 dales after came the Roman Embafladors, for whofe fake a Conncill was holden at C/;>(jrf,a Ci- 
 ty in Arcadia But before any matter was treated on the A hsans were furprifed with exceeding 
 fear,conhdering and thinking how this deciding of matters was not like to be managed and car- 
 ried with any indiffercncy tcr their behoof; forafmnch as they faw Areus & Alcii>iades{coadem- 
 ned by thtmintl)ehrtCouncili)to be in the company of thefaidEmbafl"adors,andno mandurft 
 open his lips andfpeaka word. y^p/);«j declared, That theSenat was much difpleafed at thofe mat- 
 ters whereof the Lacedxmonians had made complaint-,namely,That firft in a tumultuary fray and 14 
 confli6):, they were murdered, who had been called forth by PhiltpameK, and came toplead and 
 fpeak in their own caufe: Then, afterthey had exercifed their cruelty thus againft their perfons, 
 to the enrl,t hac in no part their inhumanity fliould be wanting, they had rafed the walls of a right 
 noble and famous City, aboliflied their moft ancient laws, and put down the difcipline and go- 
 vernment of Lycurjrus,{o renowned throughout ail nations.When Apptus had made an end ot his 
 fpeech then Lycortas, both in regard that he was Prstor, and alfo becaufe be tookpart with the 
 faffion of Ph:lopoemen ( who was the author of all that had been done at Lacedamon ) made an- 
 fwer in this wile : " More hard it is for us now, O Appi;is,to fpeak before you, than of late it was 
 '■ intheprefence oftheSenat For then we wereto anfwer the Lacedimonians,who accufedus: 
 'but at t his prefent we haveyou to be our accufers .before whom,as competent judges we fhould jq 
 ' plead in our own defence.Howbeit,wejhave fubmitted ourfelves,and undergone this unequal 
 ''and hard condition, prefuming upon this hope, that you will lay afide that accufatory heat 
 
 • which not long finceyouufed, and put uponyoutheperfon of a Judg to hearwith indifference 
 '■and equity. For mine own part, confideringthat you erewhile have but related thofe matters 
 *• which the Lacedxmonians both here in place before ^. C<eciltns oihte, and alfo at ^owr after- 
 " wards complained of,I would think that I am to anfwer therefore not unto you but unto them 
 " in your hc'ring.You charge us wiih the murdering of them who beingcaliedoutby the Pritor 
 '' Philopa/Hf" to plead their caufe were killed. This crime I hold that it ought not to be objefted 
 "agairift us by youRomans,no,norfomuchby any other in your audience. And why fo? becaufe 
 *;i[wa^ exprcflely fpecified in your own treaty and accord of covenants, that the Lacedimoni-Q 
 '•' ai;s fliond have nothing to do with the maritime Cities. At what time as the Lacedemonians 
 
 • iookarms,andfeifedby forceinthe night thofe Cities, which they were precifely forbidden 
 ^ *' to meddle withall ; T.Qjsiyitiusy if the Roman army had been in * Peleponnf^tu.z% aforetime no 
 
 m^t'' c; doubt w.e inuft needs think, that being thus furprifed and eviil entreated they won'd havehad 
 *'recourfe thither for fuccour. But finreyewerefotar off, whither e!fe fliould they fl'eandre- 
 " tire themfelves,but to us your allies,whom they had leen before to help and fuccour Gjttheum^ 
 
 " whom
 
 J be nine and thirtieth BooJ^ af T.Livius. g^ 
 
 /^ " whom npon the like caufe they knew to have affailed l.Aced*mon together with you ? It was fa 
 " your quarreUheretore that we encerpn cdnjuU and i.nvtulvvjr, Whuh being anailofours, by ^ 
 
 ♦others commended, anj wiiich oi'^.it not by the ^ety La^edcemoDians; to be condemned, and 
 ' conlidering that even the Cods thcmlel n-s ha\ e approved tlierc of in that ihey gave ns vidory, 
 " how (.ometh it then to pals, that ^ou bring thoit matters mtoqaciiion whi.h are by right of 
 " law warranted ? And yec a great part thereot in no lefpect ton. heth and toncerneth you°Thac 
 *•' wecau'ed them tocomefortn to anlwer ttieir anie.who had rjiled a commotion of the multi- 
 " tude, whohad orced the maritime Cities, who had raniaiked them, who alio hid maffacred 
 " the pripLipai citizens, we ai e lo anfwer therefore and to ii- chat properly appertaineth. But 
 '^ that they were murdered in the way as ihey came into our i amp, was nothing to us^ but your 
 B '•'■ deed O Areas and Alc$htaies,vjho now (torfooth) are be. ome our accufers. The hnnifhed La- 
 '-ied.Tmoni.in= (o which number t hole twoaloorc and v\hoat that time were wit li us,forthac 
 •'theychofctbeioan Towns to retire into for rhdr habitations^ liippoiing that their own death 
 ♦' wi<: i'ought, and that tnere wouid ha^e been outrage committed upon them, they ran upon 
 "iiiofe,^^y whole me.instoey wtredivenout of theinoniitrcy ; even upon anindi"nation, that 
 *' thtv might not fo mu. h as pafs thei' old aue in banillimert wich fafety. They were the I.ace- 
 ^'dxmoni .ns then and not the Adir ans ' iatfle*v the La-cdacmonians;whethcr|juHly orunjuhlyj 
 *' thai i>nor the queinon, r either ski n m it. But what lay ye rothis O Av;hiv:an>,how can ye deny 
 '* butth^it yc are culpable, inth \. yehaveabo iflied the Lawsand tbemolf anJentdifcipline of 
 * LvcK-cwf -iiH withil r.fcd tiKw,li>of ACcda/jr,;} AnJ how ii ic polfiblethjc both thefe 
 if^ <•' points iliould b'" o je6'ttd unto us by the fame men ? i on' during that thnie walls were neiec 
 ' biiiirby Lrcurcm bvr tontr>uy- wife Ond not many years p.ili) for to overthrow and anull the 
 *' difciojineii (liti'ted h-, Lycmi/tn ' For the tynnts o' Ined.ues built them to fcrve as a fortrefs 
 ••' and bulwark hrthemfel es, ^nd not for a defen-eunto the City, And \i Lfc-ypni ztlhis day 
 t'flioiild rife again fom death toli^e,he woti.d uke joy in their ruins, and fay that he acknow- 
 *' ledged n^'W his o.vn native cout' rey and an.ient 5 o^rz-M indeed. You Lacedemonian'; fliould 
 *• not haveexpeiVd '•'/r/o/rwifnnci t^^ie A'-haems bin your lelvcs ought vvith your own hands to 
 «' ha. epu. eddo vn and dcHioiid.all the token, and memorials of tyr.inny.Thoie w.iUs were the 
 t' very mirks nnd a- a man wou d fay tnc I'nleemly ^nd d-.tormed kars of yourthraldom and fer- 
 *'■ vitude. And'y^n vhowithout wa, Is to- the pice almoR of 800 yeais hadlivcdin freedom, 
 •^ c' yea i-'d f->r a e t..-n ti-re ilib hid been maDers oiGrecce became llavesduring a hundred year?, 
 I'encloied and rctiraintd within walk, as i- ye had been leiitered by the feet. Now as touching the 
 t« law-!, which y^pftend to have heentakenawiy by us^ 1 fuppo^e verily that the tyr-.nts they 
 t' were.who.'lepri ed ihe Lvedremoni.ips of their ,ini ienr laws: and that we have not taken from 
 tt tbem t!ieir? [tor none they had ot their own) bnt rather havegiventhem ours : neither have 
 tc we done otherwife than we 1 by them but re-.irded much the good of their City and Cnmmon- 
 .'. we ilth,inth It we ha reunited rhem in onrfo'emn court of Parliament and incorporated thetn 
 tt untous; to the end, that in all P /opToj fn, there fl^ould be but one body, one State, and one 
 ,c Conn el. Tien (I wot wellj they might have juiUy'otrifjl'ined to have been wronged then 
 t< thev might hue i^rieved and faid they had not been well ufed , in cafe we our felves h.id lived 
 £ .c under one kind oiTaws, and put th^m to be ruled by other';. I know full well>0 Jpp iis,thit 
 uallmyfpee h hitherto is neitherbefeeming allies to ufc unto their aliies, nor decent .md meec 
 ^, for a nation that i-^'tee but rather (to fpeakmore truly) fit for flaves debating before their ma- 
 (.fters. Fo ifthif found of the trutnpet if that voiceof the publi.k crier were not in vain,where- 
 i. by yeord'tncd ,'nd de- lared That we Achxans before all others fliou'd be free ; ifiheionfede- 
 ,, ration ftand rirm and ft.ible ; if our alliance and amity be entertained andobferved equally and 
 j; indiffcrentlyiwhy demand not lof you Romans what you did after the winning off. -p.vt? See- 
 n\t)'2, you will havens Acliaians to make account unto you, whit we did to the Lictdimnnians 
 ,. whom we ■ onqucred by war? Set cafe th.ic we caufcd fome of thetn to he killed. What of that? 
 cjCommmded not you (I pray) that the Senators of C y:i! fliou'd !ofe their t^eids ? We have 
 p(( demolillied the walls indeed.butyehavc not only ruinated theirwalls but wholly turned them 
 fj out ot'C^iry and t<'rritorv.Biu(you will fay 'rhecoufederuionin behalt'of the A'ha?ins ii equal 
 ,j and indifferent in outward apparence, and in truth ?nd elf.'il their liberty dependeth upon the 
 tjgood will and pieafurc of the Romans, who indeed have ihepre-eminenceofthefeignory and 
 ^ dominion b?lide« ; I know it y'ppirts, as well as you '.an tell me,yea,and (although it behoveth 
 me nocl'o to be) T ?.m not overmu''h offended and difcon'ented therewith. But this I befeech 
 you lettherebe a<:great ods anddifferen-e a^ ye vvillbctween us A. hxan- and you Romans: 
 provide this only, that vour enemies and ours be not with you in as good regard and account, 
 nay that they be nor ^ni bef'-erd-,;ree and condition than weyour allies and alTociats. For, 
 ' that they flaould be equa to us, we haveheenrhecaufeun that we grantedthem our own laws, 
 Q inthat we admitred them to be in orpor 'te in the gener '' D'-et o^ the Achsan State and com- 
 'monalry. But will vehT-e the truth ? the conquered have not fuificient to content and .'at isfie 
 the conquerors: enemies dem.'.nd more thin ahies have and enjoy;.->nd thofe things which arc 
 'confirmed by oath •"•tifi-d and con e rated by monumenr<;and infUument< o*'writin?';,au ativ 
 *' engraven in flone,for :> perprrnalm.-mory toanpol^criryithey vvonld forre and w c{\ fromus 
 " even with our rerinry. True ir i . O Romans we honour nnd revcnce you " vc 'nd i^ vou witl 
 '' needs have it fOjWe dread and tear you alio: but yet lo, as we both honour and alfotear the im- 
 
 Cccc "mortal
 
 . ■ Jt • ■ ■■ — ■ — ' 
 
 840 ^^^ f*^^^ ^"^ thirtieth Boo\ o/T.Livius, 
 
 *' iTiorial God? more thanyou. Audience he had with the accord and confeni of the greater part: H 
 and an men jndvedthac he had fpoken like a Magiltrat indeed, and for the dignity ana Majt-.t'y of 
 his place : in lu^ h lore, as it was ealily feen, that ihey were never ab!e to hold lUeir dignity and 
 maintain their authority with the Romans, in cal'ethey went >. old ly to work and proieededin 
 niiid terms with them. Then Apptts anl'wered and laid, "■ That he would gladly adv ife and per- 
 *' fwude them, all that he poffibly could, tobe reconciled unto the Lacedsmonians, v\hiicsthcy 
 " mi^ht do it with full contentment; for fear left foon after they fhouid be conf! rained and forced 
 "to leekunto them againli their willsandmaugre their hearts. At this word they a.llghed and 
 orcned a^sin; but affiaid they were anddurft notreftafetodothai which they wereconimarded. 
 This petition only they made unto the Romans^that as touthing the Lacedaemcr i,?rs they would 
 change & alter what they thought goodjand not force the Achxans to fin againli their confcience, I 
 in difanuiiing thol'e things which they had eftablifhed and raiihed with a loiemn oath.So the fen- 
 tence of condemnation only ('latel) pafled againlf -Areuszad jilctbiadet) was reverled. 
 
 In thebeginningot this year f when at ^owf they had fitten inconlultationabout the Provinces 
 of Confuls and Pretors) "Ltptru-: was dlTigned unto the Confuls for their charge ai;d government, 
 becaufe there was. no war in any other place. Then the Pretors ca(t lots for theirs. To C.DecirKiut 
 fUvus fell the jurifdidtion of the C'ty : and to f . ( oykcIihs Ccthegus that othei between citizens 
 and forr;!iners : C.^empronius had the government of S»c /y^and Q^.N^vms M .tho oiS.irdtna: with 
 commiflion alfo to fit upon the inquidtion in cafe otpoitoning. A.TerenttusFarro wav deputed 
 L.Governor of high S/;4;»,and PJ^ewfrcnms Longm ct tfe low. Out ofihofe 2 Provinces it tell 
 out fo, that there came much about the fame time two Lieutenants, L. Juventius T.lva and T. K 
 Quiiitilius Icarus; who having related belore the Senat how great a war was now di'patched and 
 fimfhed inS;).!;»,required withaljthat there fhculd bererdred praiie and thanks to the immortal 
 Gods for the happy lu cefs in the wars and likewii'e that the i retors might be permitted to bring 
 away their armies. So there WcS a foemn proccffion ordained to beholden two dajes.* but as 
 touching the eeduL ing of the rmies,they gave order to reier it who.ly to be debated ,ai what time 
 as there lliould be qrelUon about the armies of Confuls and Pretors together. Some few dayes 
 after it was ord ined th<!t tneConiuls n,ould have with them into l/fan^i two legions apeece, 
 whi.h jif.ChifdiHs and M. Sf»;p«»»«/ had the conduit or. A-; touching the Spanifh forces, greac 
 contention there was between the new Pretor* .^nd the friends o\ C^ipurnius and CX:- mi us in 
 their abfence. Both fides bad rribi;ns and both h^d Con i:l to take part with them. The Tribuns L 
 threatnedtocrofs theadt oftheS-nat itthey orHained thai rhe armies fhouid be brought home. 
 The ConUil'; again protelieci,tliat it the Trioim? thus oppoied their negative, they would not fuf- 
 fer any other deireeandordimn. urof. us. oconi;iuiion,therclpt6lofthofe that were abfent, 
 wasoflef importame: and anac; otthc Scn.t wascntred That tie Pretor? fhouid enrol 4000 ' 
 footmen otRomans and 400 horenien: .ik wi;e 5000 toot and as many horfe of Latine allies,to 
 condu(i> with them into Sp tn- And vv tien ti^i^y h^d chus enrolled thefe four full legions,look what 
 fqrplnfage thereremained over-ind .ibovt 5000 toot and joohorfe in a kgion, they fhouid give 
 them their* onv,ie anci dimifsthem oriouijicry ; firft, as many as had ferved out their full time, 
 and tnen thole who had born themfelvcs moft valiantly in the war wadtiCdfurnins and QWtn- 
 ttus. ^ {^ 
 
 Afrer this debate and variance was appe 'fed .there arofe another in the neck of it, occafJoned 
 by the death of /\D. r/w/'«rthePrttor. ( ^JAc w'«/and L. Puppius (who had been jEdiles the laft 
 year before jlikewilcf .f^afe v^rthe Flamin tjljupter^ and Q; FulviusFLiccus- laboured to be in 
 liis room late de cafed. A? tor the li' O: thefe rehearfed (becaufe ht was .^dile Curule) be 
 lliewed not himlelt in bis white robe ; bc.c he made more means and laboured abo\ e all the reft, 
 having to his ad^er-'ary and concurrtrt t' e Fl-imin abovel'aid. At thefirl^he feemtd equal only 
 unto him in thefuit hut afterwards vvhcnhe^egm to have the better of him. certain Tribuns of 
 the Commons flood upon this point c:rdallcJgcd, That his name wnsnot to be accepted as eli- 
 gible ; for that one and ihefelf (ameperfonmigl^r neither tf.kenor exercifeat onetime, the fun- 
 ction of two Mgiliraiies; andname'y both Curule or of State. Others again faid, thatitwasjj 
 meet and reafon ihat he were difpenfed with and exempt from the Law^ in that behalf,tothe end, 
 that the people might beat ''berry toe! -fV whom rhey would for Pretor. L.Porr'a^theConful 
 wasfirftof this reiolurion. notto .'dmu bisnjme:and afterward becaufe he would feem to do 
 by warrant and authority of thi. T.er.^t, he afitmbled tl e LL.to; ether 3ndf?id that he propoun- 
 ded and put toqueliion before them, That for a'"iT)U h as ?n jf dileclefl I'ued to be Pretor with- 
 outall ight cr:inyp;eedcnt tolerable: in i'rte-l'atc; for hisnw parr ^e was minded ("unlefs 
 th' y w. eof a contrirv cp'nion) to hold the gentra; aflem'ily forthc-eVtV'-in rcfording to law. 
 Then t he LL, gave th; ir idv ice. that L,iPo/-ir"<x tic Confu!. fVon'd ommnrcand tre.n witl Q. 
 F«/r7«',th3t hc'vouidbenohinderane '"ut thatibeaflen blyfor tbel-bfifiuior ofaPreto, in 
 the room off, D f'>«.','/dcparted,migl.c be holdenby orocroflavv. A= ' ie Corfi'l was thus 'hq 
 hand w'thhim according to the aif of the Senat F/ rr-rf made ani'wrr, That he wouMdo nothing 
 unfitting hisownperfon By this doubtful and indifferent an! wer of ^^|; heput thofe ingood hope 
 (who expounded and coiiftmed as they would hai c it) that he w nid icrommodat^ anH apr-ly 
 himfclf to the authority of the LL. of the Senat: 'nit at therime o^^tVie ele^'on hr 'ned more 
 earnedl V th n before;! omplaining of the CoiM'ul ann Senat, 1 ha rhev vvrnno and wff fled out of 
 bis bands the benefit of the people olRome intended unto him; and to bring him into ill w'li and 
 
 obloquy
 
 J be nine and thirtieth BooJ^ of T.Liviu5» 841 
 
 A obloquy of the peoplc,they mademuch ado about two offices and a donbledignity : as if all the 
 world favv not5that alter he were declared and pronoiini.ed tretor,he would incontinently refi"a 
 up the jfidileflup. The Conful perceiv ing bocti him fully relblute and let upon a pitch in the fuir, 
 and alio the tavor and affei^ion of the people enclined more and more toward him, brake up the 
 aflembly aforefaid, and called a Senat: where, in a frequent icllion ot Senators it was ordained, 
 That for as much as Hzccus was little or nothing moved with the .authority of the LL. of that 
 honorable court, he was to be dealt withal in a general aflembly befcre the body of the people. 
 When the people were met together at the fummons ofthcCon!nl,hepropoicd the matter unto 
 him before them. F/a-fK^ relented never a jot,but perfilkd fii;! in his opinion, and oavc the peo- 
 ple ofiJawf thanks for their favour, in that they fliewed themfehes willing tocledthim Prctor, 
 gib often as they had time and place wherein they might teiiity and detiaretheirlove to him: 
 which affectionate kindnels of his fellow citizens, hene\ermcanttorejeft andabandon. This 
 conftantandrefolute fpeei.h of his, kindled and en flamed fo great love and affeitlon inthemto-» 
 ward him, that part all peradventurc hehadbeenchofen Pretorout of hand, in cafe the Conful 
 would have received his name.Much ("irite and debate there was among!! the Tribunsjone a^ainlt 
 anotherjyea and between them andtheConfuljUntil at!eng;h the Conful held aSenat,aEdihere 
 a decree parted in this wife, That forafmuch as the wilfull ftub borncfs of Q^ FUccy.s of ore fide, 
 and the inordinataffeftionofmen on another f:de,vvasfuch, as the folcmnaffemblyiorfubeleiSl- 
 jng of a Pretor in the place of the deccaied, could not be holdcu accoromg to the l.nvs, the Senat 
 agreed and refohcdjthat there were clready Pietors enough, zr^dV. Cornelius fliovldadminilkt 
 (; and execute both jurifdictions in theCity, and exhibit the piayes and games in the honour of 
 j^p'yllo. 
 
 After this tronblefome debate about the eleflion, wasby thefag? wifdcmcand valorous cou- 
 rage of the Senat fupptefl'ed^^here arofeanotherfar greater, by how much the thing was ofweigh- 
 tier importance, and thepcrlons agents therein more in number, and for quality and place migh- 
 tier. Therertoodincle£licntobcCcnrots (and that with e^rnefl endeavour and e.\-eedingheac 
 of contention) L/vi/fr/.'/ rfV/ir«/i, /'.and L.both Ssipios] Cn, AJa^iluis P'o/fo,ir]d L.t'urhts Purpurco-, 
 all Patrtii. And of commoners, M.Porciw Cat a., M.Fulvim Nohilior, '/".and M.ncHs both Scm- 
 fronii, the one furnamed Lo^^^k^, the other Tw^/r^;;;//. But M. Porchti over-went themallby 
 many degrees, as well thofe ot the Patricians as alfo of the commons, notwithlf anding they were 
 £) come of mod noble families. This man carried with him fo vigorous a fpirit and pregnant wit that j, 
 howfoever he were born and defcended, it feemed he was able to make way of him.fe! to ad- <j,tio"<^"«''' 
 vancement and honour. He wanted no Art and skill meet and requiiit forthe managing either of roaint Caio^ 
 privatebuhnesof his own, or publick affairs of ft Jte: cunning he was in country husbandry, as 
 well as in civil policy. Some areadvanced to the highell dignities and moll honourable places, by 
 their deep knowledge in the law ; others attain to promotion bv eloquence : and there be again, 
 who haverifen and become great through martial prowefs and feats ot arm>. But this man was 
 by nature fo trainable and pliant to allalike,th3i whatfoeverheaddiited and gave himfeifunto, 
 a man would have faid, he had been born and framed even from his mothers womb to it and to 
 nothing elfe. In war-am oft hardy and valiant fouldier: and in many fonghren fields hitihiyrc- 
 £ nowned. Being mounted once to high places of honorable calling, a ripht excellent commAndec 
 he proved ;and General of an army. In peace aga'n/or found counfel inthe civil law, paffing well 
 learned: forpleadingatthebar andmakingorations^mon eloquent. Neithercarricd he himlelffo, 
 that his tongue flonriflied only whiles he lived, as leaving no monument behind him of hisfmgu- 
 lir eloquence; but it liveth, n.iy,it flourilbeth (iill,im.mortali/'cd as it were and recommended to 
 pof^eriiy inall kind ot writing. Orations of hi > there becxtrant many,vvhich he penned and pro- 
 nounced as well in his own cau;e as for the defence of his tricnds ye3,3nd inveftives alio agiinfl 
 others : for able he was to put down and weary hi'? adverf.iries,not only by declaiming and accu- 
 fing them, but alfo by pleadin:;his owncau'.e. Fartious quarrels and enmities there were excee- 
 ding manv,that tormented him ; and he plagued others with as many: and hard it is to fay or fee 
 F down, whether he were urged and preffed upon by the nobility, orhimfehcourfed and baited 
 themmore.Doubtlefs by nature he was auilere and rigorous, his fpeech was fliarp biting,and be- 
 yond me.-ifurc plain and free : but he carried a mind with him that Hooped to no delires and lulls 
 whatfoever: his lire fo fevere and precife asit was untouched and without all fpot of blame: dc- 
 fpii'.ng all fawning favours, and contemning earthly riches. In thit't andrrn^ality, infobriety, in 
 patience in UiftVrance ofrravail and danger, his body was (leelto thevtry back, Andasforhis 
 mind and courage, it wa<; fuch,asvery a^e and time f which abateth andconfumeth allthings elfe) 
 wasnot able to break ind daunt : when he was fourfcorc years old and fix he pleaded at the bar 
 for others: he mjde orations for his own defence, ar.d wrote books : and infhenintieth year of 
 bisage heconvented Seri'MsC M.f before the people toreeivehis judgment by them. As all his 
 G lite time before tbe nobility wa<: fet againff him {o when he Rood now to be Cenfor.thev prefled 
 hard upon him: in'omu h a«: all his competitors (excepting L, f/a-rcin^ who bad been his col- 
 league intheConfulfhipJcomplorrcd together. how they might give him the repnh'e and put him 
 behdes the Cun->ion:not only for that their own teeth watered and they were dehrous themfelves 
 rnher of rhar honor : nor bec.iufe ihf y repined to fee a new riien Gentleman, and one of the firft 
 held ro 'ie a Cenfc- : Hue alfo becaufc they looked forno other but that his Ccnforlldp would be 
 rigorous and prejudicial to the name and reputation ofdivcrs men; coniidering how he had been 
 
 Cccc 2 croffed
 
 842 The nine and thirtieth Boo\ o/T.Livius, 
 
 crofied andhurtby very many, and was defiroushimfelfto wait them a fhreud turn, and be meet H 
 wiih them again. For even then, whiles he laboured and fued for the plate, he ufed minatory 
 fpeetbes, and gave oiu, that they only were oppofed againft him, who ftarcd they fKouldbavea 
 Cerforfl'ip flirrply exerc ilea without partiality and reipe6t ot perfons.And herewith he maintain- 
 ed and upheld thel'uit oiL.f^alerinsvi'nh him/aying that it he had but him ot all others to be his 
 ccller<:iie,he fliould be able to reprels the wicked enormities newly come up and rite in the City, 
 and lobringin tequelt again the ancient manners and fafhionsot'ihe oid world. Men were much 
 moved in ihefe reipedbandconf.derations ; and fo maugre the heads of the nobiliiy, they not 
 only created him Cenlor, but alio adjoyned unto him L, Vderittt for his companion in that go- 
 vernment. 
 
 After the elediionofCenfors was ended the Confuls and Pretors took their journies into their. j 
 feverai Provim.es. aUfave Q^^o^vms ; who before that he couid go into SardmtJ- was flaied be- 
 hind noie!s thanfoiirmonttis. about certain irquiiitions ofpoiioning: whereof, he fate upon ma- 
 ny without the Cty oiRowe, in corporate burroughs, market Tov\ns srd places of great refort, 
 for that he ihoughi th.ic manner ol proceeding moreconvenient. Andifwelilf to believe f^.-/4«- 
 ttas, be condemned two thoufard pcrfons. 
 
 Sembiibjy, L. Poffl-Mwim the Prctor, (unto whom the government oiTarentum by lot fell) 
 did good jui'i'e upon great confpir.5cies made by cert?in gra(-,ers ; and with great care and diii- 
 genre foliowcd theenqvicU of thcB.;.i.nanais,and difpatched thereiiquc thereofqnite and clean. 
 Many ot them who were ..djuuxucd and m>^de not appearance but gave the flip and left in the 
 lurch their I'ureties bound body and goc^ds. lor them,ar,d lurked in that quarterof/f<;/;; he either j^ 
 judged and condemned as guiicy .ind > oni^iited, orcaufed them to be apprehended and lent 10 
 iJ;/>;f unto t tie Senat ; who were ail can inpri'on by P .Lorndius. 
 
 In the t.irther part ot5;'<i';« all was quiet, by ;e;ion that the Lufitans were in the laft war fub- 
 dued : but inthe hither part, A.Terentwsi'^t.ed Corhwi TownoftheSuefl'etansjwhichheafiaul- 
 led with mantiletsand oiherfab:i k?of war and iold all the prifoners: which done-,he paffed the 
 winter peaceably in that higher part of 5;j.:/;? alfo,. 
 
 The old Pretors,C\ Cd/purnins P.fo and L. Q^nmtus returned to Rome\ and both of them were 
 with j^re.u accord and confent of the LL. ortneSenat allowed to triumph. Andhrft C.Calpurnias 
 triumphed over the Portugalsar^d Celtibcri. ns. In which triumph, he carried infhew 83 coro- 
 netsofgold, and i^^ooopoundoflilver. Within tevvdayes after, Z-. Q_"/7(/«; triumphed over » 
 the fame Portugalsar.d Ceitiberians.In whii h lolemnityjthere was reprelcnted in Ihew^as much 
 gold jnd ('.her as in the former. 
 
 The Ccntors, M.Pochs and L.VaUntis^ whiles men hung in fufpence between fear and hope 
 what they would do, bed a review and a new choice of the Senate, Seven Senators they diipla- , 
 ced and dcpoled from thatdigniry : amongH whom, there was one of mark, for his nobility of 
 bir'.h and honorable oi^i.es winch he had born, name;y L.QjuntiHs flantintntu who had been 
 Conful. An jnciert (rder (they fay) it was in time of our tore ijthers, That when the Cenfors 
 had put any out ofthe Senat,ihcy fliouidnote themdireitly for thofe faults which they had com- 
 mitted : ar/d at t; isday.ext.mt there be di. er? fnarp orations cfCaio, againft them whom either 
 hecallcd and diTpiared oiu of Sen^t or'rom whomhetook away horfes of fei vice: but of all o- 
 thers,thefcureK and bitterertisthacofhiS', ag-inll this L..'<J?^/;7n«/; which if hehad pronounced 
 as an acaifcr before he Lad noted him with t!;at difgrace, and not as Cenforafter the faid note, 
 his very own brother T. Qjn-rms (if he h.-d been then Cenfor) could not poffibly have kept L, 
 ^«//;fj/(Mntheiiateof a Senator. Among other grievous matters, he articled againli him,That he 
 had trained withhimfom A'o;;-,eiuto his Province off /VKce (in hope of many great rewards) 
 • This VbHbl "°^ * PhUippus Pwnt4r-)A notorious and coltly Ganymede. This boy, as he wis fooling rnd playing 
 taUtobcn'> the wanion withthefiid Q^iinttta thenConfuK uled to upbraid him with this, That hewas had 
 C»iih!g!"i»n. away fr^m Rome^ againft the very time that the fliew of fword-players at utterance was tobe 
 The name exhibited: and thisbefaid, to fliew how re.'dy he was to (atisfy the plealureofhim hislover. 
 fouudccluiit ^ jyio^,y if thanced as they were makin^ooodi heer troether- and having taken their wine liberally vj 
 
 like ixheis or .> ^ " > 1 ■ • 1 1 , • -r-i • li 1^ 
 
 thKimion: ^'v^e vvcll hc.it therewith newscnmc.M.d reported it was in the banket time,That a certain noble 
 but both it mjn of the Boians was arrived, with hi-, ehildren as. a renegat from the sdverfe part ; and was de- 
 ana Piiius fuous to fpcak with the Conlui.for to have .iffur.n' e from his mouth of fafe-condu£t ; whobeing 
 areRoiii'n^ broughs into the pav ilion began to par'y wuh theCcr.ful by a truchmanorintetpreter. And in 
 prOjCf n»n - . fj^(, ^^jj, q [^j^ ;p-c. h; Hr.v faill thou (quoth Q^innus to that wantondeinty,his Catamite) be- 
 caufe thou halt milfed and ioft thefigluofihofc : word-players at /?5Wf, wilt thou lee presently 
 here this Frenchman die in the place before? He made not ;iny great femblance unto him in good 
 earncR of his dd'rc ih.'t w.-y; but the Conlul ^t the firll beck of that beaiUy filth and baggage, 
 .,. . ciMght the naked fwor J which burg over his head, arid liift gave the poor Gaul a wound in his 
 fcon-e2sbewn<.lpeiking unto him, and afterwards as he madefhifttoflietromhim, andcalledQ 
 upon the prote(!'ti'>noahc people o^Rome. and theatfilhnce ofthofetb^t wereprefent, Q^i>ittus 
 ran him quite f hTou',',h ihQi\d<'~. Valerius Aitias-y^/ho never b^d re.id itic oration of T^fo but gave 
 credit to .-; flyinofibleonly w'thout ''ny head or author, telleth the rale with foirp other circum-. 
 — fiance howbeit rr!uclilikeinfi;b"ancf ofmatter-astcuching hi' lecherous lufi and bloody cruelty. 
 
 He writeth,that Q^.f«r/«/ whiles he abode at Plaifar-ce, !enttoraf-imouscourtel"an(upon whom 
 he was enamored) to a banket, and as he courted and made love to this firumpet,vanting himfelf 
 
 unto 
 
 M
 
 'I be nine and thirtieth BooJ^ of T.Livius. ^4 3 
 
 A unto her,among other difcourfcs he recounted with what rigor he had followed certain inquih- 
 lions ; what a number of prifoners he had in irons condemned to death ; and how many ot their 
 heads he minded to chop off. Then this harlotry fitting next beneath him,faid,Thac flie had ne- 
 ver in all her life feen any man to cut ones head off,and it was a light that of all other fhe would 
 fainft fee.Wherupon,thiskind amorous knight^to gratify the quean^auled one ofthofepoor fonls 
 
 condemned to die, to befct out ofprifon into the banketting room, and prelencly to be beheaded 
 before her face. A cruel fad it was &inhuman,whether it were committed asr:*?/»h3th objeded 
 in his Oration, orasr.!/f/-/f« hath written in his Hory, that any human creature niould be thus 
 maflacred like a facrifice, and the table befprinkled with his blood, amid the cups (landing full of 
 wine and the diflies furniflied with v i.inds, where and when the manner aid cudome was to ta(t 
 B and take the firll elfay in the honor of the Gods, and that devoutly with grai e.and good prayers ; 
 and all to content and feed theeyeot a wanton and fhamelefs Harlot, lying in the boifome ofihc 
 Conful. In the end of C/jro his Oration, this condition was offered unto i^w»;/«*, Thatifhe 
 would plead unguilty, and deny this fad and others which he charged him with, then he fhould 
 pot in a real caution, and (land to his defence and trial : but ifheconfefled himfelfguilty thenh'', 
 
 willed him toconfiderwhetherhethoughtanyman would grieveand beforry at the i^nominie 
 which he was to receivc,who being tranfported behde his underrtanding with wine and women, 
 made but a fport and paliime to (hed mens blood at a very banket. In taking a review ofihe Caval 
 ry or Gentlemen of /Jowf J L.Sdpo Aftatictu had his great horle of fervice taken from him. This 
 Cenlbrfliip was like wife executed with fevcrity and rigor to all forts and degrees- and namely, in 
 C the prilingand valuation of their goods. For C^/j? commanded theSergeants to take a note of all 
 the ornaments, jewels, and apparrel of women,alfo ot their chariots and coaches if they amoun- 
 ted to thefum of i 5000 afles, and to enrol the fame in the Cenfors book. Item all bondllaves un- 
 der twenty years of 3ge,fold after the laft taxor affefsment for loooo Affesor upward,thatthey 
 fliould be valued at an higher price by ten fold than they were cHeemed worth :' and that for all 
 thefe things they fhould piy and contribute to the City chamber after three in the thoufand. 
 Thefe Cenfors cut off all water either running out ot any common Ifream into a privat houfe, o^ 
 derived into particular fields and grounds. And all houfes either built by private perfons upon 
 common ground, orany wayes encroaching and leaning to publike places they caufcd to be de- 
 molillied and pulled down within thirty dayes. After this,they fet out divers peeces of work to 
 £>bc wrought at a price, of that money whii.h was ordained to that purpofe, namely, to pave cer- 
 tain pools with lione,to fcoure the draughts and finks where need was : and in the mount Aven- 
 tinezaA other parts where none were already to make new. And particularly of tbemleivesf/.(c- 
 cMi caufed the caufcy or wharf to be made againff the waters called .V,p.'*f-^(/<f, that the people 
 might pafs to and fro that way : and alfo a fireet-way through Fomji^wurn. Ancl Cato tor his part 
 built two galleries,* Macn'mm iniTitittm, inthe Mineries Tand bought four fliops for the City : 
 he built there alfo the ftately Hall or Palace called Per<:/<j. As for the City revenues, they did lee * ■^'""'''.^«^" 
 and let them forth to farmers,at an exceeding racked rent : but all the City works they put out to ^"^"""^^ - 
 undertakers by the great, at as low a reckoning as they could. Thefe leales and bargains atbrefaid 
 being once cancelled by order from the Senat.and new made at the importunat fuit and that with 
 E outcries and tears of the Publicans,as well farmers as undertakers: then the Cenfors by proclama- 
 tion commanded thofe to avoid far from the fubhafhtion, who had diianulled the former leafes 
 andbargains,and with fome little abatement and ealingofthe former rents, i hey demifed the fame 
 profits and revenues again to others. This was a cenforfhip of great note, full of rapine i.l will, 
 and heart-burning, which troubled and moleffed M. Porcius as long as he had a day to live, for 
 that he was reputed and held to be the author ot th«t feverity and rigor exerci/edtherin, - 
 
 Thelame yeartwoCoionies wcreereded andinhabitantsfentfrom ^owf.iowit, Po/lentiaimo 
 
 the Picene territory,and Trfan^nm into the Gauls country.Six acre-; of land were aiTigned to every 
 
 oneof thecoloners. And the lame Triumvirs, namely, O. FahmsL^deo M.Fnhitft Flccus.ind 
 
 Q.FHlvius Nobilior. were they that both parted the faid lands-,and alfo bad the leading and plan- 
 
 F ting of the forefaid Colonies. 
 
 TheConfuls that year atchieved no memorable exploir at all, neither at homeinCity, nor a-, 
 broad in war. Againft theyear following they created Conluls M.^^landnu M.rj-rf&^.and O.f^j/'/" 
 w, who upon the fifteenth of M^rr/;, on which day they entred into their government, put to 
 qudlion as concerning the Provinces, as well their own as the Pretors. For there had hecncho- 
 ien Pretors r. Valerius the Flaminof /»;)(>fr (who alio theyear before was in eledion for the 
 \>\ice) S p,P fihumisti Jlhinus'ind P.CorneliHs Sifenna^ alfo L.Pnpphis, Ljul m-. and Cn.StcimuSt. 
 Unto the Conluls was afTigned the provinceI./^«r/.t,together with the charge of the Time armies 
 which P.r/^Wofand M.Porcim hadconduded. Asforboth the Provinces in 5;>.j/'?[as we 1 be- 
 yond as on this fide H'erns] they were referved with their ordinary forces , for the Pretcrs of the 
 ^ former year by fpecial commiffion without calf ing any lots at all therefore. The new Pretors were 
 enjoyned forto difpofe and part their governments, that CV-dcritt! the Flamin oUnpker might, 
 cxercifeoneoftheinrifdidionsof^owir. So he wasL.chief jnflice forthe forrainers, and 5;;r;fw4; 
 Cornelius over the citizens.UntoS;),Po/?/)««>/»r tell S(f//r to L.Puppms ApuH \xo F.ful.nt Odlja, 
 and toC».S»c/»»«j Sardinia. As for L Julius he was enjoined to make half and fet forward on his 
 journey.for the Tranlalpin Gauls (beyond the mountains^ had puffed n\ cr by the (Ircightsof thCi 
 Ibrfefts and waies unknownbeforetime,into/f<»//)as hath been beforcfaid,and were buildi^ig theni, 
 
 ^ccc' ? a
 
 g^ - The nine and thirtieth Boo\ o/T.Lhnus. 
 
 a Town in that territory Avhivhat this day is called Aquilieyifis. This Pretor had in charge to im- H 
 peach them in that enterprile, fo far forth as he might pcflibly without war and force of arms : and 
 it there were no other remedy but that they muti of necellity life violence, then to certify the . 
 Confulsiherof: foragreedit was that one ofthem fhoiild lead the Legions ae;ainftrhe Gauls. In 
 the end ofthe former year there was a general affcmbly holden for thechufing of an Augur:wher- -a 
 in Sp.Vofth::7»tus jilhmus was created in the room of Cn.Corneliui Lentuln5 late deceafed. But in 1 
 the beginning of this prefenc yeatP.Lyn^j/ft.t'Cr-i/i/j thearch-Pontity departed out of thisworld, ■ 
 in whofe place M.Semfroniits Tuditanus Was invelkd for the Bifliop.But C.5fra;//«i Gemiuus was ■ 
 created the arch-prelat or high-prieft afcriaid.lnthe honorof P.L/c/«/«jac his fiinerals,there was f 
 oivenadole otfiefhjanda flievv exhibited of no fword-fenfers fighting at fliarp : likewife there 
 were reprefented funeral plaies and games,which continued three dayes: and after that folemnity , I 
 a feali was holden;during whii.h,whenthe tables were fct 5i fpred accordingly all o\ er ihe«^T-.ird- 
 placeof the Ciry, fuddainly there arole a temped with great Horms, whiih forced moll m^n to 
 ereit tents and booths there: but after a while when the weather was fair again they were t .It.n 
 down and had away:and men commonly gave out and faid, That wheras the Prophets & wiurds 
 had foretold among other their fatal prefages that they fl:iould be forced to quarter & piti. h tents 
 in the market phie oi Rome ; now that prophefie was fulfilled, and they were freed and excufed 
 from fartherdanger. And no fooner were they eafcd and deliv-ered of that Ictuple, but they were 
 troubled with anothetiforthat it had rained blood two dales in the court-yard ofF'/.-/c»?«:andthc 
 Decemvirs publiflicd a folemn fupplication forthe expiation of that prodigious fgn. 
 
 before that the Confuls departed into their pro vine es,they brought in;o the Senat for to have K 
 audience, the embafl'jgescome from beyond Sea. And never before that day were fo many men of 
 thofc forrain parts feen at Rome. For from the time that the bruit was blown abroad amongft the 
 nations bordcringupon^iirr^o^/, that the Romans gave no deafc^rto the complaints ar.d ac- 
 ciifationscommenfedagaind P/;///pjard that many had fped weh by complaining ; every City and 
 Stare in their own behalf, yea, and many privat perfons in particular ^for an ill i-eighbour he was 
 to them ill) repaired to i?o;7;f, in hope either to be righted and eafed oftheir wrongs, ortodif- 
 charoe their liomacks and be moned and comforted for their miferies. Likewife Irom KingE«- 
 menes there arrived an embafl'age accompanied with his own brother v4f/jir;r<c/^r to make com- 
 phint, as finding themfelves grieved that the gairifcns were not withdrawn out olThraan: as al- 
 io to in orm that P/v/p had fent certain aids into Bithyma to Vru/ias who made war upon En- L 
 iKenet. Kow D emetrius {Vhdij)\ns, fon^ at that time a very yongGentleman.was to anfwertoali 
 thefe challenges: and aneafy peece of workit was not, eitherto bearin mind allthe matters ob- 
 je6led,or to think upon the points of every anfwer accordingly. For over and befides.that the ar- 
 ticles were many in n«mber,mo(f ofihcm were of very fmall conicqnence and importance;nsme- 
 ly,rtrife about limits and land-marks, about carying away men and ravifliing women; otdriving 
 ofcattel.ofminillring judice partially and with afledlion.or elfe ofnoneminilired at all: of fen- 
 terces e,uenand judgments pafl'ed in caufes either by force or for favour. The Sifhat perceiving 
 that nei^t her DcmciriusQO\Ad fpeak to thefe points and give them good evidence, nor themfelves 
 be well informed and dee ly inllru61edby him ; being mo. ed alfo and grieved to fee the youth fo 
 raw a fcholer in the e affairs. and therwith much troubled infpirit.gave order to erquire and de-M 
 mand of him Whether he had received any notes in writing from hi? father, as touchingthe pre- 
 miffesPAnd when he an:'wered and faid, Yea. they thought the firll and principal thing for them to 
 do was. to fee and hear what were the an! wers of the King to every fpecialiy and particular. And 
 thereupon they prefently called for that book of his fathers, and then permitted him to read the 
 contenrs therot. Now therein were fet down certain brief abfirafts of pleas and defcnfes,toeach 
 fever j1 point ;fhewing./«p/wfcrt bar fome things he had done according to the decrees & awards 
 of ihe Roman Delegats and commilTioners./fewjWherashe had leftfomwhat undone the default 
 vva^not in him hut in the very parlies that accufed bim.Kc hnd irterlaced betvveen,certaingrie- 
 va'Ces and complaint.'^,as touching the iniquity and hard penning of ihofe decrees;and how mat- 
 ters were not learned :nd debared before C&cilus with that indiffcrency and equity as was meet JiJ 
 andrcquifit:and namely that without defert of his part, all men v^erefet againfi him and infulted 
 over him. The Senat collected hereby.good arguments jhow the heart of f/'///p was wounded and 
 galled acainft the Romans. But when the yong Prince ex; ufcd fcmeofthele maiters,2nd or the 
 leO promiled and nnderrook, that all fliould be doceto the uttermofta'; it pleafed theSenatto 
 order and fet down ; then it was thought good to deliver this anfwer nnto him. That his father 
 had in nothingdone better nor more to theccntentmenr ofiheS(.nat than that he feemed willing 
 (howfoever matters werepa'Jed already, to make fati.'-fadlion to the Romarsby rhemc.msofhis 
 Ion DcmctYiU!. As for the Senat, they could diflemble,*^orget put up and endure many thirds done 
 andpali : yca.and were.;'er<"wadrd verily in their hearts,that they might believe ard truP Deme- 
 trh:s: as knowing a{l"uredly,that although they ftnt his body agaieto hi^ father P/'///;!.yet they had q 
 his heait and afie(5^ion with them flill,as a lure pledge and holf^ge.' and that he was a friend to the 
 p.-op'e of /?o?>.r,fo far forth as his reverent dury to his father would permit and give him leave:!et- 
 linghim witha' tounderlfand.th.u fortodohim honor. they would fend Embafladors WAoMa- 
 c<do>iy-io\\'<:f.r)A that if ought had not beenfo fully effe£fuated as it fhould have been, it might 
 be done yet in good time.withour imputation of fault and blame,or pccnal fatisfacSion to be msde 
 for any thing hitherto omitted; yea,an?! defirous they \vere,thatP/j;//f fliould underlland.thatby 
 
 the
 
 1 be nine and thirtieth BooJi ^f T.Livius. ^'^ ,5 
 
 A the mediation oiDemetriMt and for liis lake, he Hood yet in good terms ofpeaieand f-iendiliip 
 withthepeople of ^owf. Thefe things intended and done for the increaie ot credit andrcpurati^ 
 on, prefently turned to ihedilpleafure of the yong Gentleman, and in the end to his utter ruin 
 and overthrow. 
 
 Then were the Lacedxmonians admitted to audience in the Senate, They moved many petty 
 matters and triflingcontrovcrfies;butthofe that principally touched the main point were the. e; 
 to wit,Whether they fhould be re(tored again whom the Achxans had condemned or no? Item 
 Whether they were jiilHy orunjuHly l<illed,whom they murdered? Moreover they put to quedi- 
 on,Whether the Lacedxmonians were tobecomprifed within the general aflembiy and Counei 
 oi j^clua) or, that this State (as before-timej fhoiild have tlieir rights and fran:hiies apart bv 
 Bthemfelvesfrom all others in Ff/apo^if/wPTheSenac ordained and awarded; /»?/)>-/w?j, That tfccv 
 fhould beredored. //ew,Thatthe fentences pronounced againit themjOioiild bereverkd.Afw 
 'I\MiLaced<emon ("hould do l'eru:eto that high court and publi^k Diet of .■Uha .'.-and nn.ill'y thac 
 this accord and award fhould be engtolVedj lubfcribed, and ligned as wcil by the Lacedamonians 
 as Achxans. 
 
 Q^.Afartitu was fentEmbaffador into Macedony. who alio had direftion and order given hirri 
 by the fame commilTion.tovifit the flateofthe allies in ^'/jpo^^f/w*: for there aifo remained fome 
 troubles after the old qnarrels and vari.ince;yea,and the Meflenians refufed to appear at the "cne*: 
 ral councel of AchnA^iovi if I would fet in hand to record the caufes and circumllances o?tlTaC 
 war,I fhould forget mypurpofe in the beginning ofmy work, v^herein Irefoiicd not to toubac 
 C alianydifcourfe of forain hilloriesno farther than they were linked to the Roman affairs.How- 
 beit one memorable occurence there hapned, which 1 cannot pafs by namely.that a Ibt it theAchi^ 
 ans had the better hand in war,yet it changed that Phi/op^mcn their Pretor was tiken pri.oner by 
 the Me(fenians,as he made an expedition to feizeuponf oro»f by prxvention which the enemies 
 were delirous to be mailers of. Surprifed he wa? in a valley of great difjdvant.ige, and fomcfew 
 horfmen with him. It is reported.that by the helpoftheThraci.>n-; and Candioi;,hemiuhthave 
 fled andefcaped: burforvery fliameto abandon thofe men of arms, which were the nobledGen™ 
 tiemen of that nation & whom he lately had made choice of,l.e had not the powerto do other- 
 wife, but (hy to fee the lad. For whiles he came himfeh behind in the rereward,becaule he was 
 dei-rous to make means for their evafionihrough the (Ircigbts of that pafs, and to th.n purpofc va- 
 D liantiy received the charge oftheenemies, his horfe fell and cj(1 bimaton.c; fo as with his own 
 fall and hishoife lying upon him he had like to have gone away in a fwoon:a minnow thrcefccre 
 years old and ten ; and withal, newly crept abroad and recovered of a long and lingering difeafe, 
 which hadmightilywalkdandconfumed theiirengihofhisbody.WeIl,ihuslaylie3lon;^,3nd the 
 enemies ran over him; and fofcon as they knew who.he was. they reared him upon his feetlrom 
 under his horfe,no lefsrefpeitivethanifhe had been their own General in rcga.dof a reverence 
 they bare unto the man^and in remembrance of his nobleexploiis: they brougnt him again to him- 
 felf, and forth of that by- valley If anding out o[ the pafs- they carried iiiminio thehu'.h way : and 
 were fo far pofleffed and overcome with joy foune.xpeiled that they could not well believe their 
 own eyes that they had gotten him. Some difpatched van-courriers to M.ffene with the news 
 
 K hereof ; namely, that the war was brought to an end , confidering that Wi,Vop:r!»fw was taken and 
 was their prifoner. Atfirlt thf.tidingsfeemed fo incredible, that the formolt melTen^cr was held 
 not only fora vain liar, but alfo for one not well in his wits : but after that there came one after 
 another.and all with one voice verified and affirmed the fame at length it was believed. And then, 
 fee what they did ! before they knew for certain that he approached ncer unto the City ; they all 
 ran forth of the gates by heaps tofeetheman : all (I fay) bond as well as free women and chil- 
 dren one with another. Info much, as the gates were choaked up with tbeihrnd and throng of 
 the prefs: for no man could believe afl'uredly it was true.the thing wasfofirange unlefshemifhc 
 fee him with his own eyes. They that had the charge of bringing him,fonnrl mu.h ado to put by 
 the multitude whom they encountcd, and to enter in at the gate : andfo thick they flood in the 
 
 F prefs,that they took up all the wayes befides,fo as he cou'd not be brought lorth to be feen.Now- 
 becaufe the moft: part ofthe people might not pcffibly have a fight of him. thty gat upall nonce 
 into the Theatre, which flood neer unto the way, and pcl^ered it full;and with one voi.ethey ■ 
 cried aloud, That he might be brought thither and prcfcnted unto the view of rhe who'e people, 
 TheMagiftratsand principal citizen^;, fearing lell thecompalfion ihat might ari'e in mens iicarts' 
 upon thebeholdingof fo worthy aperfonnge would ralfefome trouble and ' ommotion ; whiles- 
 fome comparing the reverence of his former authority and Majeily. with hi'; pretent rondition 
 and calamity ; anc others calling to remembrance his manifold deferts ind paliiing goodfums,' 
 might haply be toui bed with pity ; fet him a far off in the open light ofthem all,.ind rhenat once' 
 took him haf+'ly out o*^ rheir view : for their Pretor 'inocrates gaveoi;: openly and faid.That the 
 Q Magiflrats were to enquire and dem.ind rertain points of him a? touching' themr.in firm ofthe ro~'' 
 tall war. Then he was brought into their Councel-Chamber where their Senate aflembled and 
 began to confult a^out him. It was now well toward evening ; and (o far ofi'they were froru 
 refolvingin other matters, that they could not bethink themfelvesand agree, in what place they 
 might keep him that one night in fafpguard. Aftonied they were and amafed, to conlider and 
 t-hink upon the greunes of hiselfatepalt, andofhi^ noble vertue and valour* and no man 
 darit receive the charge and cuftody of himinhisownltou e, nortrulUny oi^e bei-des widh' 
 
 his
 
 :<^ 
 
 The nine and thirtieth Boo\ o/T.Livius; 
 
 his keeping. At length fome there were, thar put them in mind of the publicktreafury of the H 
 City, vauire'd under the ground like a dungeon, and walled all about with firong fquareftone, 
 Into'it was he let down bound as he was,and a mighty huge ftone (being the cover of the vault) 
 was by an engin laid ov er,to endole him lure. Thusrepofing more truft for his fafe cuflody in that 
 place than io'any petfon, they waited and attended the next morning. When morrow day was 
 come, the whole entire multitude in general, recommending the benefits and good turns done 
 ot old by him to their City, were ot mir.d to pardon and fpare him, and by his means and media- 
 tion, to feek for remedies and redrefs of their prefent dillrcffes and calamities. But thofeperfons 
 by whofe motive and indui-ememtheMelTenians had revoked (and fuch were they as ruled all 
 the common-weal j confulted apart in fecret, and concluded with one confent lo puthimco 
 death: only the doubt and queftion was, whether they fhould do the thing with fpeed, or by I 
 6diy. Bot thofe prevailed in the end^who were more greedy of prefent revenge,andfo they fent 
 one unto him with a draught ofpoilon. When he had taken the cup in his hand (by report) he 
 rave not a word but only asked, whether Lycortas(ihc other General of the Achseans) were efca- . 
 ped ali; e,and the forefaid horimen fafe? When anfwer was made, that they were in fafety ; That is 
 happy, (quoth he) and therewith drunk off every drop in the cup ri-ht heartily, and a while after 
 yeelded up his vital breath. But long joyed they iiotofhisdeatli who were the bloody authors 
 of this ctucitv : for the City of y\ejfene being conquered by force ofarms,among other capiiulati- 
 onJ,delivered thcfe maletjftors into the hands of the Achians, who demanded prefently to have 
 them. The bones and reliques of Philopxmen were likewife rendred unto them, and interred he 
 was by rhe general Counsel of ail Achai, in fuch folemn wife, that in heaping upon him all ho- K 
 jiours that could bedevifed for an earthly man, they forbare not alfo to adore him as a God im- 
 mortal. The Hilioriographers as well Greek as Latine,attribufe fo much onto this man, that fome 
 of thetn have recommended to pollerity (as a memorable thing of all others that hapned this 
 year: /to wit, that in this one yeartheredied three renowned Captains, P/7j/o;!ffw<'», Anmbal-, 
 and P.Scpo, See how they have matched him in equality with thegreateft warriors and nobleft 
 Generals of the two mod pinH,;nc nations in the whole world ! 
 
 Then came T. il:;tfittns tlamimms inembaflage to King Pr«/><«, whom the Romans had in fu- 
 fpition and jealoufy, bothforthat he had received ^«»/^<?/after the flight of ^»/iof/>«j, and alfo 
 became he made war upon Eumenes. Now, were it that among othermattcrs f/<«»»/M/««^ charged 
 I'rrifi.u, that he entertained in his court ihemoft fpightfull enemy olali men living, unto the £, 
 people of /vffwe ; whofirli follitited his own native countrey to take arms againft the Romans, 
 and after the force aid power thereof was abated and defeated, perfwaded King Antiechutiodo 
 the like; or rather that /'/•«//rf< of his own accord togruti'y F/,?w/>/««j theieprefent,andtodo 
 the Romans a pleafurc, had a meaning and intent either to kiil .'/««;^rf/, or to deliver him alive 
 into their hands. I wot not how it came abotr, but upon the firft communication and confe- 
 rence between them there were foiildiers fent in. ontirentiy to bel« and guard his hoofe. A»m- 
 ^<.i/evermoreforca(f in mind fome fuch iflueandend of his lite, feeing the deadly and inexpiable 
 hatred that the Romans bare unto him : rtpofingbefides no confidence at all in the fidelity of 
 thefc Kings and having withal fomeexpenencealready of the in'onllancy and levity of King /"rw- 
 fiM. Moreover, he had in horrour this ioming of F^<er/).'>/M«.», as fatal unto him, andameantoM 
 work his final deftruition. To the end therefore he might be ever provided aforehandagainft 
 iho.e inconveniences and dangers, wherewith on all fides he was encumbred and have a ready 
 way ofcvafiontofave himielf he had deviled and caufed tobemadefevendcres for egrefs out 
 of his houfe whereof fome were "ery privy and fecret vaults, becaufe they flioiiid not be envi- 
 roned with guard.';. But Kings commandments art of that force, that whatfoever they would 
 h n e rn he tear.hed out and difcovered . cannot lielong hidden. For rhc guards fo compafled and 
 enJofed the whole circuit of the houfe. thatir wasunpolTibleforany to getfonh and make an 
 efcape. Any.ib /being sdvertifed that the Kings fouldiers were at the gate, aflpied to (leal away 
 atapoflern,whidi(iood turthelf out of the way,and wherofthe conveiance wa.^moi^ feiret,but 
 perceivingthat the fouldiershad hefet ittoo,3nd lay for ro encounter and rereive him that way, ^ 
 and that every place was inveded with afct guard ,he called lor the poifon which he had oflong 
 time before rr ad y prepared for all fuch occurrent occalions.arduftercdthefewordswitbal/'Let 
 " us rid thefe Romans of this their continual fear and pain wherein they have been all this while, 
 *' fince that ihey think it fo long to Hay forfhedeath of one oidm.n.F/. «/»/>•«/ ff.all obtain no 
 "preat nor memorable vi6l:ory of n e.difarmed thus as I am and betraied into his hands.Butthis 
 Tiv end of "'^''-''^7 "^''Y fliall prove and teflify, how far the people Oi RoK^e-?.rt degenerate ard changed from 
 A'-t-'bd. 'their ancient manners. Their forefather'- (qd.hejadvertifed Y^ynoPyrrh::s their enemy armed 
 "in field.and lying with an hoft ofmenagainll them in /m,'), they gave him w.^ming I fay to take 
 " heed ofpoifnn: but thefe living at ihi'-'day, have fent their Embalfador, even one that hath 
 *' born the dignity ot'aConfuljto advifeandcouni'el PrufiM wickedlyto take the life away of hiSQ 
 «' own guefl. Then a'ter he had ciirfed the per nn ot P -ufnts and his whole realm, and calledupon 
 *'theCjods proieilorsofthe law of hofpiraliiy lo bearwitnefs how he h.d violated his faith 
 " and broken prrmife with him.hefet the cup of poifon to his mouth^and drank it off. This was 
 theend of y:n!7tl>.i/yPohltK. and Runlins viTne-,rh3i 5r/pfj) alfo died this year. But I,accord neithet 
 with them nor with r^j/fnw/.From them 1 fquare,becaufelfind that when /l/.Perr/w/and LJ^alf, 
 rim were Ccnfors, the fame LJ^akritts being Cenfor^was defied Prefident of the Senat, wbeie-
 
 The nine and thirtieth Boo\ of T.Livius. g^* 
 
 A as y1fricA>7Hs}md been Prefident for ten years fpace togecher, during the time of tworeviews 
 by Cenfors next before. And l"o long as the laid AfricanHs lived, there would have been no o- 
 iberchofen Prchdentin his room, unlelshimrelt were to have been cafl'ed and deprived of the Se- 
 nators dignity, of which dif^race and noie of intamy , there is not one that maketh any mention. 
 And as for VaUnus Jmiai^?. is fufficiently refuted by M, Naviw a Tribun of the Commons, a- 
 gainlf whom there is an Oration extant, and the lame penned by ?. Afnc;;ins, and bearinp, his 
 
 name. This >V<«zv/yi is recorded in the rols and regiOers of Magidr.us, by the title of Tribun of'the 
 Commons in tfiat year vihcu P ,(. lodm and L.^ez-c;/// were Conluls, but heenrrcd into his offi.c 
 during the ConiulOiip of Afp. CLiudtusznd M. Semproniy.t.^ the tenth o' Dvcemler. From whii^h 
 lime tothe fitteerth of March are three mon[hs,upon which day -Tub.Chdtus and L. Porcias be- 
 Bgan their Conlulfliip.So^itfeemeth that he was living during the Tribnnfliip of A7a;M/;.f.and that 
 he might well commenfe an adion againit him, and call him to his anl wer, biu he dep.uted this 
 lite before that L^Cntoitid M. Porcius \\ciq^qd\o[s. But inmy conceit tliedenth of thefe three 
 (themofi renowned perlonages each one of their own nation) are not to be compared one with 
 the other in thisregard that they hapned all jultat one time,moie than for rhis,tha: none ot them 
 all had an end correfpondent and anfwerable to the portly (late and glorious luHre ot his life.For 
 firlf and formolt in tuis they all jumped together, thai they neither died nor were enterred in their 
 nativecountrey. Again, /4«w;/;^/And Phuopceme'iwetc both poiloned, Anmhdl wasbaniHied and 
 betraiedby hisown tiiendand \\oix, Pht'.oprm^n was taken priloner,and left his li!"e in prilon and 
 irons, hsioi Scip-o although he was neither exiled nor condemned, yet making default of appa- 
 ll ranee at the day alTigfled unto him and being cited to his.inlwei in hisabfen.e;Willingly banifhed 
 not himfelfonly for (lis ifetime but his corps and timeraj.s alfo after his death. 
 
 Whiles fhoieatfnis paffcd m P , l-potr^cius {}.x:o\n whence our pen hath a little diverted and di- 
 greffed) the return ot Demetrius and the Hmb Uladors into A-facc'do^y, divetfly wrought in mens 
 minds, and amufed them lome in one thing, and lome in another. The common people of ^J/-^- 
 cedowv, who were mightily .lir.iid that the Romans would make war upon them, highly affecied 
 Drretrtus, and ralf ata. ourablc afpedl upon him as the author of peaccand withal theydefiined 
 him without alldoubi to theKingdom after the deceafe of his father. For albeit he were yonger 
 than his brother Perfeus,yec men thought and I'pake, that he was begotten in matrimony by Phi- 
 lip othis lawful wit'e, wlr^reas he had Perjensby aconcubm, who carried no token and mark of 
 pa certain father, as ha\ing to his mother a woman that was nought of her body and common. 
 Whereas DfWffr/«/refembled his father Phil/p, and was as like him as might tie. Moreovtr,men 
 f.iid, That the Romans would place and ertablifh Drmetrius in the Royal throne of his fathcr,buc 
 Perftfts was in no .redit and reputation amongihem. Thus tolk (fuck not to give out abroad in 
 their common talk. Whereupon not only Tcrfeut was in care and doubt, that the preeminence 
 ofage only would little boot and advantage him, confidering inall refpedls ellehe was inferiour 
 to his brother, bu: Philrp alfo himfelf, fuppoling verily that it would hardly lie in his power to 
 leave the inheritance ofthe crown to whom hepleafed^ thought that hisyonger {onwas a mote 
 in his eye. and troubled him more than was for his eafe. Offended otherwhileshe was, that the' 
 Macedonians reforced unto him fo much as they did, and highly difpieafed that there fhould be 
 E any more royal courts than onein his realm, during his lite. And to fpeak a truth, theyount^ 
 Prince himfelf returned from Ro?f)e morepuffcd upnodoubt.with p.idethan was befeeming ; as 
 whopre'umed and grounded much upon the opinion that rheSenat had of him, perceiving that 
 they had granted thofe things to him vyhith had been denied unto Siisf.nher before : but look 
 how much favor and honor Cin refpeil of the Romans) he won among the relt of theMa 'edoni- 
 ans, fomuch envy and ill wiii he proa^red himfelf thereby not only with his brother, but with 
 his father alfo : and efpecially after that other Roman Embaf^adors were arrived and that P/;;/,p 
 was forced to part with Thr.'ci.nad withdiaw hi>garril'cns,3nd to do othcrthingseitherby ver- 
 tue of the old award ofthe firftcommtdioners, or by annv o: Jinancc ofthe.Senat- Weil,he per- 
 formed all, but with an heavy heart and many a deep f.gh and grone, and fo much the rather, be- 
 F caufe he obferved and faw how his foni),r»*ffr/'«/converl'ed more with the Embafllidors, and fre- 
 quented their company oftner th.?n his. Ho'.v' cit he obcied, and did whatfoever was enjoined 
 him by the Roman^becaufe he would m-nilicrunto them no occ.uion of levying war againii him 
 outofhand. And fuppoling it was good policy toavert their minds from all I'ul'pition thathe 
 minded any luch deligns tending that way, he led his army into themidftof T/'r.ir/<« againlf the 
 Odryfians.Danthe'ets. andBeffians. He won the City P/);7opp5/)9/7;v, abandoned by the inhabitants 
 who were fled,anrl had retired thcmfeUes with their whole families to the high mountains next 
 adjoining .-and after he had wafted the Land- and territories ot theB.^rbarians that inhabited the 
 champaincountrey, he received them under hi? fubjecifinnby compolition. Afterwards, having 
 left agarrifon at ^hJ-pypolis which loon ;?fter was chafed and expelled by theOdryrians,hede- 
 Q termined to build a Town in D, nr'optis^ aregionof Paiov/'-rncerthe river £r/?o»«r, which iflueth 
 cmo^/llyricfivi. and keeping hi'i ourfe through Pdoita difch.irgeth it felf, andf«tleth into the ri- 
 ver W.v,-,/.f_Not far from SfA-e the old City he built a new andcaufed it to be called Ptfr/f«,ihere- 
 by to do honour to his eldeif 'on Vcfnit. 
 
 During the train of thefe affairs in Afucednnv. the Cor''ii1s took their journey into their federal 
 Provinces. M.irceH:"(tT\x. a mcffenger '"p''ore liimio /,. Pom;otHc Pro-ccnful. to give him to 
 underftand that he (hould prefent his legions before the new Town ofthe Gauls, But at thetirft 
 
 approach
 
 g g The nine and thirtieth Boo\ o/T.Livius, 
 
 approach of the Conijljthe Frenchmen yeelded the place. Twelve thouiand they were that bare H 
 arms,and mort of them had by force gotten their armour out of their country villagesjwhich was 
 taken from them maugre their hearts,with all things elfe, that either they had gotten cut of the 
 country by pilling and robbing,or brought with them of their own. Whereupon they addrefied 
 their EmbaiVadors to ^o»!f, tor to make complaint of thefeabufes and wrongs: who having au- 
 dien c givcnintheSenaiby CyaUrius the Pretor,declaredjhow byoccifionthatG.tK/wasfur- 
 chai^ed with a mu.titudeofpeoplejthey were conflrained as well for want of ground and poffef'- 
 fions?as alfo for need and poverty, to pais over the Alps and feek themfeU es fome place ot habi- 
 tation. And where they law any quarters forlet, defart, and unpeopled, there they had planted 
 ihemielves, witboi tofferirg injury to any perfon: where alfo they had begun to buildaTown, 
 which might be a good proof and argumentjthat they came not to do violence upon any City or I 
 country Village. And now of late Ai.Clmdius had fent unto them a meflage, that unlefs they Sub- 
 mitted and yeelded, he would war upon them : whereupon they preferring certain peace (al- 
 though it werelefs honorable) before the doubful hazard & adventures of war, futrendered gather 
 to be in theprotedVion and fafeguard, than underihefubjection of the people of i?(??wf. Butafew 
 dales aftter, they were commanded to quit both City and Country. And thereupon refolved in 
 their mind todepart in filence and faying never a word.jnto what place foever they could, there 
 to feek their lortnne : but then they weredifarmed,yea,and fpoiled andflript ofall that ever they 
 had ,snd nothing lefr,chat either they drave before thera>or carried about them. In regard wbae- 
 cfj'tliey werehumblefuppliants totheSenatand peopk of i?o»;f5 that they would not proceed in 
 more rigour and cruelty againlUhem, harmlefsperfonsas they were, and lubmittingthemfelves k 
 unto them than againft profefled enemies. To this Oration of complaint the Senat cauled this an- 
 fwerto be returned : That neither they had done well in coming into /f^/y, and prefuminj; to 
 build ihem a City upon other mens territories, without permiflion of the loveraign RomanMa- 
 giflrar, who had the government of thofe parts: nor yet the Senat was well pleafed. ihatthey 
 iliouldbe thus defpoiled,conhdering they had yeelded. And therefore minded they were to fend 
 with them their Embaffadors to the Confuls to command them in their name to fee that ail theit 
 own goods fliould be reltored again unto them, fo that they made return thither from whence 
 iheycame: who alfo fhould go fonvardimmediatly over the Alps-, to give the States of fr<j»fff 
 warning to keep in their people with them,and hold them in their native country :forafmuchas 
 the yilfs were the frontier limits (landing in themids to confine between them, and therefore l 
 thofe mountains neither ought nor miglnt be pafled of one fide or the other : and to make account 
 of this, that they (bould fpeed no better now in tranfgrelTing their bounds, than at what time as 
 they firft made a way and pafl-ige over them into Italy. The Embaffjdors emploied about this 
 bufinefs,were LJuri:'s PMypnrio,Q^M-tnut!us:,iTiA LManlius Acidi»i4s. Thus theFrench,after re-' 
 ftitution made unto them ofall that was their own by good right,and without wrong of others* 
 departed out of /f<?//.No\v whenthefe Roman Legats were come they had good words and cour- 
 teous anfwerfrom the Tranfalpine nations. And thofe amongfl them that were more ancient 
 than the rcit, blamed the people of ^^»;f for their overmuch leniiyjin that they let thofe perfons 
 oo,who without warrant from the whole Statcdurfl be fo bold as to take a voyage to fettle upon 
 any lands belonging totheSignory of ^#»3e, and were fo hardy as thereon to build a Town. For j. 
 furely they defctved not lefs than to abide grievous fmart for their rafii demeanor. Moreover aid 
 belides, whereas the Romans have gi\ en them their own goods again they feared much that fo 
 great indnlgency of theirs, would induce and encourage others to entcrprife the like. Sothey 
 friendly entertained and as kindly accompanied the Embaffadors yea jand liberally prefented them 
 with rewards. 
 
 ■At, CL^ndiHt the Conful having thus expelled the Gauls out of his Province, began to lay the 
 ground ofihelHrick war, and for this purpofe wrote his letters unto the Senat,for a warrant and 
 commidion topafs with his legions into //?r//e.The Senat was therewith contented. But whereas 
 they were in quefl ion and confultation about conducting a Colony to inhabite ^^«//«<j, they 
 could not aijree whcmtofend, whether Latins or Roman citizens. ButincotKlufion iheLL. jq 
 thought it better to plant there a Colony of Latins. The Triumvirs for toeffe6l this, were created 
 
 P.Scipio Niifica C.Flamin.nus-, zadL.MnnliHS Acidiyius. 
 
 The fame year w ere two Colonies of Roman citizens erected at Mutina and Parma: and two 
 ihoufand perrons were to either place tranflated out of the territory which lately was occupied 
 by the Boijns,and before time had been in the tenure of the Tufcans, They of T^irw** were en- 
 dued witli t'iiht acresof land, and thok oi Mutim with five a peece. TheTriumvir-Commilfi- 
 oners who had thediipofingand managing of the bufinefs, were AI.ty£mylris Lepidus, T.Ebntiui 
 Carus, and L.Qumius Crifpims. Likewife the colony S<jf«r»/4Confifting of Roman citizens, was 
 brought into the territory o(Caletr4,by theconduftof Q. F«bitisLaheo. C. JfraniHsSteUio^ and 
 T. Semp Gracchus, deputed Triumvirs therefore : who fet out for every man ten acres of ground, q 
 
 The fame year AJ erentius the Pro-pretor,notfar from the River Iberus in the Aufetans coun- 
 try, fought fortunaily againft the Celtiberians, and forced certain Towns which they had forti- 
 fied, fiiife Spairi beyond Uems was quiet this year, becaufe both P.Sempronh'.s the Propretor lay 
 fick of a long difeafe, and alfo the Lufiianians ('as good hap was) refted fHll and quiet,as being by 
 nor manprovoked to (lir. Neither was there any memorable exploit atchieved in L»^«r/Vj by j^. 
 ¥dbi-Ai the Conful. M.Mttrcellns was called home out of Jfiria : and after he had difcharged his 
 
 army,
 
 I be fortieth Boo\ of T.Livius. 8 
 
 49 
 
 A arn^. returned to Kowf for to hold the eledliou of cheMagiHrJts. For Confuls he created C;?, 
 BayiHs TamphilHi and L.R.mylm!paHlus. This man had been itdileCurule together with Ai.&'i 
 mylius Lepdus^ who was Gonful five years before ; and yec the lame Lrpidtti luftered the repuife 
 twice ere he was created Conful.Then were Pretors cholen,to Wm-Q-FkIviui Flucctts^M.V„i.rf 
 Hs L£v:tiusiL.Manltus the fecond time,y1^.0^«/«'«/ Gallns-L.C^cdim DenteriU C.Teremius Jftra, 
 In the very end of the year there was a folemn fupplication ho.den by occalion of certain prodi- 
 gies;for men believed veri:y that in the court yard of iht^oddtd Cone or dut it r.iined bloud for the 
 Jpace of two d.ties: and reported it was not tar from J>/r//y. that i new Land was difcovered out 
 oftheSea,where never any was before kcn.f^.iiertut ^tjtias writeth that v^>;«//-.;/ died this year: 
 and th;tt to tompafs and workhis de»th,tl ere were fent ine.mh:i[\i^cio P mfi as X.Scfio AJta^ 
 
 P ticHSj and P.Scpto Niftcay beiides i.Q^tiyitiut hi mtm/ius-, who in that aclion is nimed moll. 
 
 The fortieth Book 
 
 Of the HifloriesofT. Livius of Padua j from the Foundation 
 
 of the City of Kome. 
 
 The Breviary of L. Florm upon the fortieth Book. 
 
 C \ y t ytlen Philip hadgiven commat^dmentto mc\e ft r eight fear ch for the children ofthofe wham he 
 V V kept I" p'-ifon(^.ind perfo/ittges they were of moft nohle birth^for to fHt thcmtodcuh-ThtOntWi 
 fearing t hi King ' ti m'.lictoMt intent and wtckedluft-sinthe behalf as weilof her cw it children, as of her 
 fiflerslittfe ones (God a>ot) ai:dvery ^ong infants. brought fo th and offered unto the faid children nailed 
 keeifvirds and a cup of d' ad/v poifon^perfrvading with them to ■iVO>dthe imminent ^ame and dijhonour) 
 by py fent deal'' which after (he hitd obtained and fen effeSlcd^fhe likewif. pLued her own part ^and flettf 
 h r orvy: felf.Ain^eovcr in this booh^.ire related the dehate a-'d variance betw^enPeiiCUS aid Demetri- 
 us »/»/■ two Oils o^Pbiiip Ktng ')/Ma;cdony : aid howT>tmm\\Mv.'meto his death byfoifon^ through 
 the mfc'jtfvoMt praUife fhis bratberVerlCOSwho devfedf^lfe crimes and r.^'fdft.inders aguiuft himi 
 andp'^ftcipaHy amt-^c <-/)if rsfiych-rgedhtn' i-h.it he intend dtokj'lhii ownfather^andmca^ttouf-rpe' 
 J5 the K'nfdom^& I ft of all becanfe hemas nfrifiidro the people o/Rome: hi which mea;isaftcr th. dfath 
 o/Phiiip Pericasobratncdthe criWi, Alfn it co'rtainethth- happf exploits at chievfd, by rn.iny a>id di" 
 verscommaiders »;? Ligoria,ijW/« Spain agat-ftthe Celtiberia>s. rhe boakj of ^ami Pompilius were 
 vy certain husbandmen as they luhonrcd tn thegroned of L. Petilius a Nota-'y-, under the Janiiuum, 
 foHi^d enclnfed withm i cojfer efftoie^and yoritfn b.th in Lattne and Gre\.And when t h. {Pretor of the 
 Ciryyo whor/t the b o^' were l>rouirhr^ ljdpernf(d ihem^andfouydtherem rttany points tending to over- 
 throw religion andthe divme fe^vc: of the Goh.,hf fwrre bifore the Senat-.that it wat dangerous fo ■ the 
 State andCo^mou-wealch that theyfhosild bf read 'ftd pr^ferved '• i fu h fort^ that by an Ail of the 
 Statc,thfy were bn^nrd within the Comitiiim or Hill ofpn ' L^k^alfemblies, The Colony Aquileia w,ti 
 now ereEled. Philip 'xceed-'igh dijplmfdwnh him f If a d p^ick, d with rem"'-fi ■f co^fcie^icc for that 
 E he htdca^ifid lis fn Demetrius to ie pmfoned^ upon thefilfifugg jtion; and ccitfttiofis of his other 
 fonframedaqatnft .nm d.v(cdt»p:!ni(h Perleus, and rather toco f r the Ki-gdor,i upor, AO-igonus 
 hisf'-icnd than that ;s fonfhouldf irced him : but in thu defignment anJ pitrpofe cf hif htf.ddainly 
 died: and fo Perieus tto'^the crotvn and Ktngdjm upon him. 
 
 The fortieth (>ook of T. Livius. 
 
 IN rhe beginning of" rhe year next enfiiingithe ConfnU and Pretors caft lots for their feveral go- 
 .ernmen-, A ortheConfuls there wasn^i other Province to cmplov them in bviLi^ur-a. 
 ^he i il jnrifdiclion among citizen; fel! to A'f.0fi<JnuisG'*llu4'-< and theforrcin o.erHrangers 
 
 p to M.l^ leritis. H.i^b Sj '!« vva> ••'fliincd untr> Q^,F Ivius f/;?.'r«f; and t'le Nethcr-bnd ! hereof 
 to ", 'tsinliHt. L. Certlns Denter had tlie governance ot Sicly andCTerentins ftraolSa dn-A. 
 Tiic Con'nls wereenioynedrotake mnllers: for Q.. Fi^.wf h^d written out ofL/^./>-i«. that the 
 Apo'.iansini. lined to ebel'ioni^ndjjreatly to he feared it ws.that they won.d break out and m^ke 
 rodes into the terrirorv of P^'<j.AnH well they knew al-cadyjtriat orthe two Proiinces of Sp /»> 
 the higher parts ivt-rc in 'r-ns , nd the war with tlic Ccltiberians was Hi! in tnin: and jf for the 
 lower the military dilcipline there was i lean rorrnpc and gone,by rcafon ofrio'riiipieafnres jnd 
 idienes where imto'' e''on:dicr- were wholly given, bv orcafion that the Pre or lay fo long h k, 
 Fr^r thefecaufe thmighrgood it wa? t'lat new armies flioiild be levied an 1 en olledjto wir four 
 legions for Litfuri", and every oneof them to contain S 200 foot and ;onhor'e: nnrowhiih, 
 
 2 there wis an addition of i ^oo'^toormeo, and 900 m.no' arm< fromour ot the L •'nea'lies. 
 Andthefe two trm'e^ were to fervethe Conrnls. But over and befide-ithey werec<^mmirH-ed ro 
 enrol 7000 foor jnj -Joo hrirfemi-n oiL^tine allies, and tht-m o fend into F>-4'cfro '•'..M •'./- 
 //- -jwh • was ro ronrinne Hillin p'a e ot omm-ind,aftertherprm o'hisConfn (liir'Cxp'red.L'ke- 
 wife rhev had in ' h-rge to levy ol' Roman Citizens 4000 footmen and 200 borfe, and o'' llies 
 yoooofrSernc and rjoo o^'he oihertobecondn£\..'d 'ntoboth Pro\ -nres of "^-;) 'w. And Q^.F^- 
 hiu Lj'ro had his ' ommiffion o^gover^ttle^t renewed for one year longer, with the charge of 
 that army which he had in Liguria, The
 
 I ! ■ ■ I I ■ I II ■ ■ M I 
 
 g ^ o J he fourtietb Bool\^ of T>Livius, 
 
 Thefpringleafon that year was very ftormy and tempertuous.On the* even of the feaft Palilia 
 * If of Apri^- : J^,ou^ noon-iide, luddainiy there arole a mighty biuhr-.ng wind, whuh overthrew many edifices 
 fat t'5'^'^*' ^_ gj yve I'.acred a ■ profane. It calt down the braten Hatues and imj^,es ir t he Capitol : ic caught up 
 deiT Pals vas the wicket of the dote belongingto the Temple ot the " Mook, (whkh is in the Aventine) t sried 
 Iok.niuzi-d««- -ji away .md fet it fail toihebai.k wall of the Temple otCtr^.lt overturritd and laid ilong other 
 i'.eaknct.M-ti. (^^,^^5 in the great cirque or (hew-placed called C'rcas Aiaxm.ffs^iogtti evviiib the pillars upon 
 '*/""/*'«!i« which they (lood. The lanterns and pinnacles it rent and tare after a Hrargelort, from the loof 
 Rona '"he ' and top of certain Cnurches, and carried them clean aw.iy. And therelore this tempelt was lieici 
 bir hdayC'-^it for a prodigious token, and the Arufpices gave order for the expiation and latisiaction thereof. 
 metc)i.iRmc. Ljj^ewi e the fame provifion was made in regard of a report from ^i-erf^. that a mule was- foJed 
 »t«««. vviib three feet : and from forw/<e, that theChappelot ^poZ/o (and namely at C ; ;;i) wasHnken J 
 
 with lightning. For thefe prodigies, there were twenty greater I'cafU killed tonacrihi e ; and a 
 fuppliv-ation holden one whole day. And about the fametime, intelligent wasgiven by letters 
 from yJ.Trcw;/V; the Pretor \.\\zi P.Semfron tts having continued above a year ii^ kwas depar- 
 ted thif life, in the farther Prokirce of cS;j*i/»; which was the cauleth^it the treiors were willed 
 to make more half, ard lo mui h the fooner to pafs into Sp.!i;7. 
 
 After thist'heembaffges from beyond the Sea had audu-nce given them intheSenat.Thcfirft 
 was that ofrhetwoKK Enmcnes i,r^a Phurnaces^inAiMo ottheRhodi.ns, who omplainedfcr 
 the oreatlofsand overthrow by the Sinopians re'eived. Andabow the fame inhant arrived alfo '■ 
 EmbafTidors frrm Pw/Zt; trom the Achaeansard Laceda-monians who had their an(wer and dif- 
 patch,aftcra fpeech madeby Mari!n!,\y\\o had been ient to vii t the eft ate and affairs of Gr^-, re jj 
 and Macedo:iy. But as touching the forefaid Kings of y4//^i and the Rhodi^rs thistiood f<T their 
 anfwer; namely That the Sena vvonld fend their tmballidors and Commiflionerstotake kncw- 
 ledge and fee to al things there in place. t?ut as < on crning Phthp-, AUniHi bad fotoid his tale, 
 that he putrheLL.oftheSen.it in more fear ardpeipexity : for in his declaration he contefled, 
 that Phd'p indeed had ac.omplifhed the wili^'nd pleafure oUheSenat, but in inch fort, as it was 
 evident to be feen, that hewoiiiddo fonoIonL.erthan he were held thereto and lompellcdotne- 
 Ceflity ; tor apparart it wa<;, thatheminded to make war again, confideringihat whatif.evet he 
 either did orfaid tended to no other end. FornrH and formoft he caul'ed all the multitude to 
 be removed and trsnilited (wih their whole tamij|^?>; out ot the citiesby the Sea-coa(f, into 
 * Ftt'ioi'idiii, that quarter which now is called * £»;.-/ /7/<',and in tuies pali Wismmtd'Pao^ia; ardgavethofe l 
 Cities aforefaid to the 1 hracians and otherbarbarous nations to inhabit ; fuppofirg that this Und 
 ot people would be more fa(i nd laithtui unto him in his wars againU the Romans. And verily 
 this deed of his bred a greatdillontertment and murmuring ihroughoutal. yW^-/-(i&;./4 : info- 
 much, as few there were ot th m, who thus left theirnatne habitations together with their 
 wives and chid en,thatco!iidbite in and ontain their fe<re( grief and heart-burning,3nd lay no- 
 ining : hnt being pri' kcd and netled more to anger than turbed and bridled with fear,ihcy brake 
 out and were heard ro' inleand cry out upon tl eKmg as they wenialonp the way in troops and 
 companies. Hereupon hi- fell rtomjtk by nture was fo palled that he had.illmenin jealoufy,and 
 no time norpl.ire there was binhe !i'fpedhd. intlieend he beg.in to give it out openly, that he 
 Could not make acrotint to be in fafetv nd fecnrity uniefs he apprehended and kept inprilon the j* 
 chi dren of thoiepcr;ons whom he hadhelore time killed tor to difpatch and makeawaythem 
 alfo (in time) one afer another. This true ty in it 'eifhainou- enough and enormous the cala- 
 mity and wofu Imiiery ot one hone made more odionsand deteliable. Murdered he had many 
 ye. r- beff r Herod/cu' anoblemnond a Pr n eoft/ieTheffalians: '.nd fometimeafrer, leflevv 
 aliohislon^in law. who had m rried his daughters. ThefeGentlewomen being left Widows, 
 had each of them by their husbands a little Son : and the names of thefe women were Theoxena 
 and Archo. As for Theoxena flie won d in no wife m ifry again . albeit (he had many fuiters that 
 woedher: but v^rc'^c was wedded to one /'<'>•«>, the very principal and nobleftperfonage of the 
 jEnean Nation: and when flu- had born him many children Qie died, and left them all very yong. 
 Thcna terwnds Z^m- ^^dlikewife was married to the forefaid P(7rM,tothe end, that (lie mighty 
 have the br'r;'ingup o* tlofe her fiPers( hi'dren with lierown hands : and in truth fhe was not 
 morek'nd o her ownprettyfonthinto tho.e her hflers children ; but fo tenderly regarded them 
 all alike as if Hie had b> rn them of her own body. Now when fhe heard once ot the K ngs 
 ed 61 andprocl.imation whi h vv.isgoiie'orth, tor theapprehenfionof allthofe infants whofe fa- 
 thers bctore had been put to death ; mppol'ng that thefe children fhould be expofed not < nly to 
 iheabufeand rccrnfulmoLkery oftheKing but alio to thelull- and villany of his guard fhecon- 
 reived in hermind an horrible detignment : yc, and (lie Hutk not to fay, That with her own 
 liand flic would rid them oftheir lives ratherth.nrt rhey fliould come within the clutches ot P/)«- 
 7//). But Por/V herhusbind (who al)horrfd the \erytl.fming of fo abominable a faftVfaid that he 
 would conveit7,h them out ofrhe way a.s tar as Atheis^ rocertain truftyfriends ofbistfere, andQ 
 would himfelt in proper perfon auompany them all the way rh'ther, and tike part with them of 
 that exile and banifliment. So they put themlelvesinthei'- journey all tosether [he and his wife 
 and children ; frrm Tle^Alrnka. toward ty£nea, unro a folemn fa. rifi' e ^nd fe-fl whii b yearly 
 they ufe to celebrate with much ceremonions pomp in the honor of jE ''^^theirfirfl founder. 
 Now when they had fpert that day infeafng full tolemnly, ab'-nt the third w?tch of the n-ghc 
 (when all others were found afleep) they were embarked in a fliip prepared al'orehand by Peru ■. 
 
 making
 
 / he fortieth Boofi of T.Livius. 851 
 
 ^ making fembhnce, as if they would return lol hefahnici'-, but indeed purpofing to cut over to 
 EhIcch. But when they had laboured and wrought to no purpofe upon the wind, which was tiiil 
 againft them, they were overtaken and prevented by the day-iight before they were tar from the 
 Land, and pa(t fight. And being dilcovered by the Kings officers who had the cbnrt;c .ind keep- 
 ing of the haven, there was a pinnace or foilt (well appomted with armed mcn)ret out to letth in 
 that veflel, with exprefs commandment (as they would anlwcr to the contrjryat their utter pe- 
 ril) not to come again without it. Now as they approached necr, Ports verily for his part was 
 very earneit with the rowers, mariners, and faikrs, to plic their bulinels and make way from 
 them j otherwhilesHretthingout his handiup to heaven, calling and pr.iyin;_; unto the Cods to 
 help them in this their hard dilirefs. But thecouragiouslady his wite,allthe while ('tuinii;"a"ain 
 p to execute that defignment ot hers long betorepurpofcd) tempered and mixed a potion olpoiloni 
 and brought forth certain fwords withal. Now when ilie had let the poiionedLiipbetore the 
 children in their \ery eye and drawnthefwords naked: Death (quoth flie) is the oniy me.in:- we 
 have to lave our liberty ilo here the wayesthatlead todeath: nowas eiery ones heart Handeth 
 to this orthatjtakett cretOjsnd avoid the cruelty and pride of the King. Come on lad,. md jolly 
 HripliDgs,lcadyouthe way firtl that are the bigger and cider ■■ lakefword in hand fall thereupon 
 and work the feat .It on; e: or ii ye liH rather to be long a dying drink here of tnis cup. vvhac 
 fliouid they do } the enemies were fdi upon them re.^dy toboord their vetVel, their mother on 
 the other lide, en;ouraging them inliantlyto tukciUeir deuh. InfiKhwi c that tocomliKie, 
 fome dying the one way ^ ml feme the other, wtrc all cali headlong over fiiipboord , when they 
 C were but half dead. 71, unfile for her part cmbraung her husband aboiu the middle ('becaule flie 
 would dye with him forcnmpany ) threw her feif and him both together into the Sea. Thus the 
 Kings men feized iipnn the fliip when the matters thereof were gone. 
 
 Thchorriblc exarrp.e of this ta6t-kind;ed more coals, tnd fctthcmali.e and hatred kindled 
 againd the King as it were on a light and fiaming tire anew, inlomnch asnow common.y inal 
 places they fell to ope.i corfing of nim'and his children. Which m.ilediitionsand execrations ic 
 was not long but nllrhc Cjodstilined and gave ear unto, and caufed that helikcwifeexerJl'ed 
 cruelty even upon his ownflefli md blood. For Ptr/c/j feeing his brother P. /wf/j-/,/,- to arife 
 every daymr)reihanotherinfivourgreatnets, and reputation with the whole Macedonian peo- 
 ple, and to ;,row alio in credit and grace imongtheRomans fuppclingwith himfeli howbehad 
 D no other hope lei't him ot attaining to the .rown, but by the means ol fome wicked prai^iiebenc 
 allhisthougnts and 'indies that way. sn.'' aimed only at that mark. But beiieviug verily that he 
 Avasnot Urong enough 3nd luffiJent alone to execute and bring forth lomu^h only as within 
 that unman y and vvomaniflimi; d oihis he had deviled and conceived, hepradlilcd with his fa- 
 thers trierids- and eft'ocns founded their hearts one by one apart, calling out .imbiguous and 
 doubtfal fpeeChes. And at the firCh-erily fome of them fliewed countenance, as if they could not 
 abide to hear o'-'any fiv, h thiro becautethey rcpolcdmore hope '\nV:meirint, But after wnrds, as 
 the hatred c'i'Vhilifgitvt dailygrcateragaiii'l the ilomans, which PerfiyniWW follered and main- 
 tained, whereas D<:wff/-;«; with alibis might laboured againll it ; they fore-feeing in their mind 
 the nnhappy end niDewei'r'ms. who lay too open and was not heedful enough toguard himfelf 
 E againft thcfrandiilent and mifchievous plots ofhis brother, hded with Perfens; making this ac- 
 count in policv, to fer that agoing and help it fo. ward, whiih in the end would take efledt, and 
 namely toentert.fm and advance the hope of the mightier. Fortheexeution oftberelf they re- 
 ferved every thing to a meet and convenient time there'ore. Asfortheprefenr, the belt courfe 
 they thought upon was this, to in^.enfe the King ,ill that e^erpolflbly they could againll the Ro- 
 mans, to induce and put him forward (Hll to think of nothing but war, whereto ofhis own ac- 
 cord his mind (iood well enough and wasenJincd, And withal (to the end that Dr;>,T/r-./.'/ might 
 be from day to day moreand more fufpc(f>ed; they cntrcd ofpurpofeCas before they were agreed) 
 into fpeech, as touhing the hope and great port of the Rorn.ms : whereat when fome of them 
 would fecm again in fcoroful wie to debate their manners and falliion,-, others to de- 
 F prave their deeds and afl-, fome fcoffing in general at the very form and making of their City, 
 iiowit was not yet embe'ifiied Sibeantifitdeither with ftatelyedificesinpublick places, orwith 
 fair houfes ofprivatemcn ; others mocking and having in derifion the principaland chief perfo- 
 naj^es oftheCity inpirticuUfthcinconi-dern yongGcntleinin,(.arried away as well with anaf- 
 fccfionatlovetotheRomans,as with adefire torrofsbisbrother,wouid anfwe.'^ to altbofe points 
 in the defence and maintenance of the Rom,?os : by which means he brought him elf both into 
 more je'.oul'y with his fathcr-and alio to be fubjci^ Jc expofed to flandcrous impi;t3tions. Where- 
 upon his father acquainted him no more with imycounfel as toucbing the Roman affjirs, but 
 wholly relied upon Pirf..f'< and with him con''erredthereabout,impartitigunto him both day and 
 night all hi.sprnjedls and dcfignswh-atfoever. Rv this time were they returned whom hcchan.ed 
 Q to fend to the B f^erns for to levy fuci ors and aid-fouldiers^and brought they had with them fiom 
 thence cettain noble yong Gen'iemc-niand fottic among of roysl blood. One of them promi fed to 
 give his fifterin marriage to one of Phil p fons infomvich is the affoci.nion by way o' affinity with 
 that n?.tion fet the Kings heart alio aloft. Bur P rp- brake mit iqto thefe words : ♦• What ferves 
 "all this for ('qd.he)fin'.e we have not fo much he'pand fafety by aids from abroad, as harm and 
 "danger by a mifcbief and milad / at bome.We keep here andfolkr in ourbofome,! dare nnt fay 
 " a traitor, but laffure you a very dangerous fpieand no better; whofebody verily the Romans 
 
 Dddd *have
 
 g->^ The fortieth Boo\ o/T.Livius, 
 
 "havefentusagaiO) but his heart and foul they are poCfeffed of, ever fmrehewasan hoflageacH 
 '*' Rome. All the Mactdonians in a manner have their eies upon him fet, bim they court, and give 
 " "out inpUiDte:ms>tha't they will no other King than whom the Romans flialifet up. Old Philip 
 was of himlelf badly enough affetSed in his mindjbut upon thefe fuggeltions buzzed into his head, 
 he was the worfe.and more difquieted and fet out of frame : he entertained thefe furmifes,and fet 
 themneerertohis heart than he made fair in outward fhew and countenance. Now it fortuned 
 •that the time was come of the ordinary review of hisarmyjihe folemnity wherof was ufually per- 
 formed in this manner.They cut a dog overthwart the midft in two halfs,the head and foreparts 
 together wiihtheentrais were fet on the right hand of the high way; the hirjd parts on the left. 
 Between this facrifite thus divided, the companies in their armour palled in a fliew. Before the 
 front of the vanguard were carried thecoats of arms and royal enligns of all theMacedonian Kings i 
 that ever had been from the beginning. Then followed the King himfelf in perfon with his chil- 
 dren. Next marched the Kings guard and cohort ^wich the fquires of his body. And lad of all,in the 
 reregard behind came the reft olthe mtjltitude and commons of the Macedonians. Of either fide 
 oftheKing went his fonSjtwolufiy Gentlemen. Perfem was about 50 years old, and Demetriia 
 live years yonger ; the one in the mids and beft of his age and (Irength , and the other in the very 
 prime and fiout thereof. An happy father had he been for fo fair ifTuejfeeing this proof,ihis matu- 
 rity and perfection of theirs jif the grace of God had gone withaljand that they had been well dif- 
 poed and affected in mind. The manner and cuftomeofthis review and foiemn nght wa?(after 
 the facrifice duly accomplidied^ for the whole army to jouft and tourney in this wife that being 
 divided into two battailous, they (hould one charge the other> and reprefent the fhew ol a very yL 
 confliitandfet field. And wholhouid be the chief leaders and captains in this brave pallime, but 
 the Kings twofons ? But believe me they jetted never a whit, nor made a vain fhew for difporr, 
 but went to it roundly in good earneff , as if they would determine r.ovv who fliould be King a- 
 nother day? Foul work they made with their wooddenwafters arxl headlefs pikes ; many were 
 woundedand nothing wanted there but Oiarp iron,<rf a very bloody battel indeed.That regiment 
 which i)fw^r?-/«xCGmmandt'd,had the upper hand by ods. Verfens Ihewed himfelf highly diiplea- 
 fed and angry rhereat;but contrary-wife his friends and favourits of the wifer fon rejoyccd at it, 
 and made remonfirance, That this was the only thing to minifter juft occafion unto him for to 
 challenge and ucufehis yonger brother. Now the fame day, the one as well as the other feafted 
 tbeir compinions,who had thus pi.rformed the joulls and tournaments of either fide with them. ^ 
 VerfeHs was im ited by his brother to upper , but he refufcd and denied to come, Howbeit fuch 
 was thegood fellovvfhip amongtt tnem . and fo merry were the yonggallantsand lufty Cavaliers, 
 thattheypafledthefealiivalday inalljoy and mirth, either part with their Captain,and plied the, 
 wine full liberally. Then in their' ups they leli to difcourfing freely of their running and paflime,' 
 and begauto ■ alf out merry conceits and broad jefts at their adverfaries of the contrary fide, in- 
 fomnchasiheyforbare not to glance at the very Captains themfelves. Now had Pfry««fenta 
 privy fpie, oneof his gnetts, to litten what good talk there was at his brothers boord, but he de- 
 meaning himfelf & walking not focircumfpeCtly as hefliould,wasencountred by certain youths, 
 that changed to '.omeforih otthehallorparlorwher? they fate at fupper, and was evil entreated 
 and well berten for his labour. Demetriw nothing a ware thereof, among other table talk, Why y, 
 go we not (qd.he) and banket with my brother?and if there remain any anger and difpleafure be- 
 hind after our joufting in je(i, appeafe and mitigate the fame in fimplicity of heart and mirth-ma- 
 king? Mary, no better, iricd they all again with one voycc.fave only thofe that feared to be met 
 withal prefently and lerved alike for mifufing & knockingthe lorfaid fpie. Demetrim woold ireeds 
 draw eventlicm alfo with him; whereupon they carried weapons hidden under tbLirappareljfor 
 fear of the worftahat they might defend themfelves,if any violence were offred.iJiuwhat can be' 
 carried fo ftcretjbut out it will, where there isintefiinedrfcord in one famiiy? Ail was fulloffpics 
 and fa!fe knaves, as well in the one houfe as the other. For there ran a pick-tb^nk and talc caricr 
 before unto ?erjeus in6 declared unto him that there werecoming with Yyemetriusiom yong men 
 with privy skeins by their fides.And albeit he wift well enough what was the caufe thereof (for j,j 
 he had I card thatoueofhisgoefis was by them beaten) yet to aggravate the matter and make it 
 more odious, he commanded the dore to be fall locked,and from the upper rooms and lofts of the 
 houfe and out of the windows to the fireet fide,he kept off and repelled thofe f that came to ban- 
 ket and be merry wich him) from approaching the dore,as if their coming were for no other pur- 
 pofe but to murder him. Demetrius after he had for a time cried out in the ftreet and taken on 
 for this difgrace and indignity, faying it was long of the wine and nothing eUe that he was thus 
 excluded. returned again to his own honfe to make an end of the banket there : and all this while 
 knew nothing what the matter was. The morrow after, Verfeus, fo foop as ever he thought he 
 might h.ne accefs to the fpeech of his father,C3me to the courtJand in the fight of the King.ftood' 
 atar off with a troubled countenance and heavy cheer,and not a word with him. How now (qd. q 
 ' his father) what is amifs with you?is not ell weH?Ah,my good lord and father (qd.he)I would 
 " you knew,that it is the fair gift & grace of God that I am a livefman at this hour. That brother 
 " of mine, goeth not about us any more by way of fecret praflifes and hidden -ambufhes : for the 
 "nightthatwns, he came with armed men to fet upon me in mine own houfe, and to takeaway 
 '' my life. I was drIven(father)to fiiut the doors ag?.inft him,and to fave my feif from his furious 
 • ',' rage,withia the defence oi the walls thereof. When he had thus pofleffed his father with fear 
 
 and
 
 i be fortieth boo\^ of T.Livius. 855 
 
 A and aftODtrtiment together ; Nay (qd. he) I will prove all piainiy before your favctnai you ihali 
 know it is a truth that 1 fay, if your gta c tan be content i© give me audien.e. Audieni.<? ('qd.he) 
 yes mary will Laud that with patience: and immedi itiy he commanded Demetrius to becailtd'be- 
 fore him. And withal, he fenc tor two of his old triends lo alliit him, and to take their adviie. to 
 wit, Lyfimuchfti it\<i0>:d>f!njltts, who wilt nothing oi the quarrel and larian^e between the two 
 .brctbren,tofthattiieyh.id been (iraogersa longtime at ihecourt. Inthe me.in while, he walked 
 Up and down alone- attending thein.oming,courlirgard dillouriing many mALtcrs in bishead,and 
 his ibnPr/.MJ licod Hill aloof. Alter word was brought that the parties wereccmchetctiicda- '^ ' 
 
 fide with tho e two friends, .ind as many of his guard into an inner room, and permitted his fons 
 to bring with them into the pUiej three iritnds a pieee unarmed. And when he wasfet thusbe- 
 Bganhetofpeak. 
 
 ♦' Here lit I a mofl wrct: hed fjther to be a judg between my two Ion; the one pl.^intiNthe other The f r h 
 .*' defendant in thet-i eofpHrri ids; and to nndamon^ iho e ofmineownhouic and blood, the Pbiiip^t"hii 
 **fool (fain of that fe.ionioii<;' rime,eiiher talfly foged or indeed Lcmmitted. Certainiy lono a- wo fons. 
 ••go I feared luih a H nun .md 'cmpeH toward and 1 fawitiinngafaroff, when 1 percti.cd j^ur rr, 
 " onbrofherly looks one .OvVard another when 1 overheard fome unhappy word- to pau be- iUmtufas. 
 '*'t ween you. Yet Oiher whiles 1 wasin^ood hope that the heat of yoilr ahE.er migi,t e-cporate 
 " anH flalte,and the fuipiions and jeaiouiies. beeleeredand paf« awaytonidering th.ueven pro- 
 " felled and mortal ener.ics.h v. e laid downam';,i:onJlided peace ..nd become fricndi it laH yea^ 
 "■ and great qua rehandenmitic; between private perr'.nsha».chad their end. Ihcpedtliat onC 
 C "time orothe- ye w Mild remember hoi ye weie nitnr.ilbrethrtn,th.u ye wou.d allto mind, 
 t'how ye were little (.hi.dreiuo-ether.andhad on eried wth all r.mp.i/iry & imglenels of heart 
 «*fami.iarly in your intin y : anJhnai y, that ye would think upon my good leffon'i.ind pre' eprs 
 t' nntoyou^whi.h now I fearmemii h that 1 hj v.- founded to your de fears in vain. How olten 
 r*tlavc 1 blamed and detelKd n your pre ten eand hiring the examples ot brethren at dif-o.d and 
 c< variance,recountingunto ;, nn thelK rie; v\ theteanullequeland horrible ifliic thereofrnamely, 
 chow they have thereby undone ihemfelves and their ra^e overthrown their own houfeS;yea>&: 
 ccutterly fubierted wh le Kirgdoms?Onthe othci hde, 1 laid before yoi' better patterns and pre- 
 tc cedent": to follow, and name.y of the con.ord agreement , and unit> between the Lacedimonian 
 <cKK.that raignedtwoby two together to their own good and the publii.k weal nf their country 
 p {.for many hundred year^ : but the fime City fell foon to decay and ruin, when the f'fhion oace 
 «c W3<; taken Up, to umrp the tyranny and fo^eraign rule every man for himfelf alone. Moreover,! 
 ti list before youreyes thefe two brethren hereby Euwcnes ix\dAtta'as,\yho at the firH began with 
 if.(o little thai they were in manner abiflied and jfliamed totake upon them ihetitle and Hyleof 
 tt Kings rand at this day are equal itrgraundtur of dominion to my leif to Antwchtts. and to any 
 ,t Kings of this' agc.i'. ing: and that by no other means inthe vvorld, more than by brotherly love 
 <^ and murml concord. Nay • ^aid not lb butdillourfed unto you and recited fundry examples of 
 i^ certain Romans whi.h either I had learned by hear-iay oroiMcrvedby mineown eye-fight and 
 t^ experieft-c: and namely, thetwo Quinrii^T.zttd L. who warred both againd me. IhtScipios 
 jjikewife, /'.^nd L, who vanq"ifl-.ed and fnbdiied Ww/oc/;///: their fathers alfo and uncles, who 
 E t^ were brethren and whofecon.ord and unity all theirlifelong vvasfuch,asit was not disjoyned 
 c^ irttheir very death. But neither the wi kedncfs of thole firft refited,and afemblableendcorre- 
 tj fpondcnt ro their ungracious life, was able to fcafcyou from outragiousdifcord ; nor yet the 
 t^good heart&c meaning ofthe liter fort together with their happy fortune draw & induce you to 
 J, be wile.Duringmynaturalli'e whiles my breath is withinmy body both twain of you,iedu-ed 
 ^, by foolifh hopejidifordinat defire areready to take pofTeffion of my Kingdom over my head. 
 " And fo long nn'y would ye havemc to live untii that Ifurviving the one ofyou, might prefent- 
 ly by my death put all out of qncRion, and make the other (as fo'eheir apparant; undoubted 
 "■ King, Si k ye are I fee well of father and brother ye can abide neither the one nor the other. 
 '* There h no goodnes in you at allmnthing is there that ye hold deer. nothing that you count holy 
 p'^ and invio'able:but inlievvand ifeid of all there is crept and entred into you aniinfitiaMedefre 
 " to raign and that hath wholly pofllffed your heart<:.Come en therefore now grieve and wound 
 *' your lathers eas with your ung:a,ion<: tales and wicked wordsidebateanddi'pute the matter ^ 
 '■ with reciprocMaccufations yon thar Oiortly wiiHecide and determine it by dint of fword :fay 
 *' on and 'p->re not;rpeakout all that eifher you can alledge truly orlill to devife S: invent falfly. 
 *' Mineear^ areno\v widenpen,bHf fhall hereafter tor ever be dole niur,3g,iin(t all I'ecret (landers 
 '' that ye liall whirpef and rep^rr one againll the other. Whcnhehadbreuhed out tfefe words 
 wirh great indignation the inilhntsthee bef'anallto weep much and flud rear=,andfor a gord 
 timethere wasVad lieer and not a vVord;nnril at length Tnf-ushdz^n and faid:' I flioti d belike i-|,g tctwVta: 
 '•have opened thednre inthe night th,u I flionld and received into my houfe armed t'uefkro ry O-ationof 
 j<^ *' HaniJ^net with me>ve3 a-d held out my throT unto them for to he lu :fince that norhingi<!be- P'c/fio againft 
 "Heved unlefs the deed had beend^ne and difpatched:f.n ethar t'^e r;;me i« faid unto me ''who nis brother Di- 
 " hivebern 'orlaid and whofe liie hithbeenforght j whi' h were more befeemingto fpeak nnto ''''"'"'*' 
 " a wood k.;ra and foK er by the high-way fde : Tt i^ nor fornonghr Ifee well thar rhefc h- re, 
 •' give our abroad ind fay T^u you have no more fon<: but Dirwff*-(«f and c«H me a halyard t.'' a 
 "ftippofed 'on o^ yours asb i-^oupn of a concubine. Pot it you held and avowed meleeirima'e if 
 "you vouchfafed me the place, the degree and love of afon, you wonid never fare and ftorm a- 
 
 Pd dd 1 ''gaioft
 
 8 ,. ^ The fortieth Boo\ o/T.Livius. 
 
 " oainft me fo as you do, for difcovetingtbe ambuQi fee forme, and complainbg thereof; biic a- H 
 "gainll him rather thatlaidin waittofurprife me: neither would you fet fo light andmakefo 
 •Vlmall account of my life, asto be moved neither for the danger paft wherein 1 was, nor at the 
 c^j periltocome-,iffuchwaic-laiersmayefcapeunpuniflied.Now,ifiherebenoremedy,butthatwe 
 o'J.tnuii die and fay nothing,let us hold our tongue and be mute : let us only pray to the Gods be- 
 b*."i fore that this intended mifchief begun in me,may alfo take anendin me alone,ard thatyoubc 
 tfi^not he,who is to be wounded and pierced through my body. But in cafe (like as by the very in- 
 -t'tjindt and fuggelHon of nature, they that arealiaiied and fet upon in a deUrt wiidtrnefs, be 
 £*i.taught to implore andcall formens help and fuccour, although they neither law nor knew of 
 ifjny before) incafe(l fay) it be lawful formelikewife to openmymouth and fpeak. whenlfee 
 *'• the naked iword drawn upon me: then I beleech youfor your own love, even for the love of I 
 '' your good felf, and the name of a father (which whether of us twain have more elkemed and 
 "regarded.you have full well known long ago) to give me audien; e.and toheai me as if you had 
 " been awakened at my cry and pittiful lamentation inthelali nights riot, and umein the way 
 " where I was forced tocall,Heip,Help:andasif you had taken Dcmitrim in themanner^with- 
 
 *.,^ .<^ViDtnyg3te,in the very entry of my dore,accompanied with armed men at -n undecent and un- 
 '""*"* " " ^S'due hour of this night part. Thofe plaints and mones which then I would have uttered by way 
 ." ofdirorderedandconiufcd ciieSjin that fuddain affright of mine upon thedecddoingthe fame 
 <r I now tnake the morrow after. Ah brother, we have lived now a good while, not (I wot) as 
 ^* brethren that fliould banket and make merry one with another. It is the crown that you look 
 *f. alter, that i^ certain and pall peradvencure: but your hope to attain unco it, is croffed divers k 
 f waies. My biiiliright and mine elderfliipis a block in your way between you andituhelaw of 
 ^> nations isagainrtit ; the ancient cu(lomeofiheMacedonians(.heLketh it: andfnally, the will, 
 ' ti' plcifure^and judgment of our father is oppofue unto it.Mount you csnnot poffibly fo high,but 
 «^* by the eft'ufion of my heart blood. You go to work,you afiay allmeans,youlea\enoiloneun- 
 " rolledjand nothing nnattempted to effedt that: but to this day.eithct mine own wary diligence 
 >,f or happy fortune hath guarded me and withllood your wiiked patricide. Even yellerday^du- 
 ." ring the time of the folemn review and purging of the army, during the time of running at tilt 
 " and joulHng intimeofthefhew andpaHimerefemblingaskirmifh,you miffed very little ofma- 
 " king a bloody batcail of it and a deadly conflift indeed ; and nothing elfe faved me from death, 
 ''butihisjthat i fufferedmyfelf andmy men to go by the worfe and be overcome. From this mar- ^ 
 *' tialcombate, as if it had been no more but a game and fport among brethren,you would needs 
 • Sucllbia, ot cc j^jyg trained anddrawnmetoafupper. Why ? think you lather, that Ifliouldhave fupped a- 
 A'arf/frw. The tc^iongthofe guefls Unarmed. who came in arms to banket with me?Do you believe,t hat Ifhould 
 P*ofe' thaf' *' have beenin no danger oftheir naked fwords of (teelat night;whoin the day time and within* 
 Mivaie<M< '' youi- I'ght.laid on fuch load with * wooden fwords and balfons.that they had like to have kil- 
 ?uAii'<w5)Po- * led mei-To what end elfe came you,brother at that time of thenightPwhy camcyou as anene- 
 lybio. Like as * my.confideiini; I was incholerandmy blood was up?or,wheretore came you accompanied with 
 ifi the end of «' tall fellows privily armed and with.fliort fwords under their garments?! durlf not venture to lit 
 ibc i6 bno\r, n at fuppct wiih youilliould I have received you thcn,ccmingasyoudid with armed men to ban- 
 7^hni:nibus' " q"etv\ith me?l atherjfthedore had been opened; wheras you hear me now to make my com- j^ 
 /acuUr:^ I take '' plaints. you fiiould have been by this time buhed about my winding-flveet,herfe,and funerals. 
 10 be all one '• I lay uot torch and Urge matters in flanderous manner, alter the fafliion of thefeaccuiers at the 
 with ispau- *bar;neithercolledt I bsreconjedlural prefumptions to enforce Si conclude any doubt u! points: 
 ^ai/ifjoti "for what need IfotodoPDenicth he that be approached my dore with atroopofmen?orthac 
 
 y(^is.pt>i( «- " he had in his train a company, futh as wore weapons covertly under their apparel? Do but fend? 
 xrr'^E/i' , in "for them whom I fljallname. But in faith what will not they dare codo,thatcando this? and 
 i'oiyiiiui, when "yet I trow, they will nevcr be fo hardy and fliamclefs as to deny it. If I had taken them in the 
 '''^H^h^u r,f " '"'"'"'-^ "'^"^'^ their weapons about them within mine entry, and lb brought them before you, 
 'vood ii'fift- ''then you would fay.it were a plain cafe and out of all doubr. Ifthcn,they cor/efs as much with 
 nedtotheend "their mouth, hold them as culpable as if they had been furprifed in the ad^ doing. Nowcurfej,^ 
 of ihe dart or »' (and fpare not j the greedy appetite and thirit after a Kingdom ; now fall to raife and call up the 
 
 :)od father, let not your curfes and 
 
 1 yet and difference, between him 
 
 I be holden guilty that fought to kill 
 
 round in the «' his brother, let him lee! withal the gods of his father to he his enemies and angry sgainB him. 
 
 head lil.e a "But a" for him who was in danger to lofe his life through hisbrothers mifchievouspra£lIfe,let 
 
 bird-bolt. For (_i\^\^ have his refure and recourfeto themeny and iuflice ofhis father. Fcralas, whiiherelfe 
 
 oicinethinhis "lliou.d I Hietortu.Tour.-'Iceing rhat neither the lolemnreview and purging ofyourarmy,nor the 
 
 book t,f Hoil- • running and jouliing of themen at arms neither mine own houfe nor my t^b!e,noryet thevery 
 
 manfliip, ^ '- night feafon (which nature hath given to mankind for covert 8c repofe)aftbrdefhme fafety and q 
 
 ij^iu^a/j^U " fecuritv?lf I go to my hrorher(heing hidden to fupper)die1 fhall;if I receive my brother with- 
 
 Ti'i/ay A- iinmydorcs(comingtob-pquer)die Imufl.So thar whether I go or flay all is one; I cannot a- 
 
 KoPTia.: of <t void but fail into trains and ambuflie.slaid for to take away my lite. To whar place fhall I retire 
 
 ffjcugj;, evet\ "andbetakemyfelfrNoneh.n el regarded nothing ha\ el re'icd upon. but the god' Scyourgood 
 
 P/^'^'^b' n"'"^ " '^V^^'^^'"' ^^ '"'^ ^'^^ Romans I fl and in no 'uch rerm= with them cf grace and favour as to trufi: 
 
 '*'* ' ' '• uponthtir fuccour; nay^they all wifh mehanged,becaufel takethe wrorgsdoneunto youby 
 
 them^
 
 / he fortieth Boo{ of TXivius. ~ 855 
 
 ji *' themjto the heartjbecaufe I fliew my I'eif dillontented and touolied vvich the indignity that lb 
 *' many CiciesJo many nations are pin .keu from youjand namely that ot late they have defpoiled 
 *' and berca\ed you ot ail the maritime pares and lea (.oahs of 1 nrace: and fo long as either you or 
 "Hive, they never look to enjoy AI.iced«^y, But ii by the mikhicvous pravftile ofmy brother, I 
 " might onLC be rid out ol the vvay;and vvithai.it o.d jgc had made an end of you,yea;and perad- 
 *' venture before that day camcCwhiih they wouid never liay fo long for) then they know well 
 "and makefuliaccountjthat both the Kin^ and Kingdom of ^l^/ C(;Yto«/,wiil be theirs lure enough. 
 *• Indeed ifihe Romans had fparcd any pie.e ata.i without --^/sff^o;?;' I fliouldh.i',ethoui7htand' 
 ••' madereikoning,thatit l;ad been a place of retreat and refuge Iclttorme. Dui wh.urecd"th3t,fo 
 
 B 
 
 *' long as I ha\e Itrength enough among the very Macedonuns. You i'iw your feir yefierday how 
 *■ violently the fouldiers charged upon me : what wanted they but the iharp (word and ed^-ed 
 
 
 ■melyjnhim nhonow can do all in all with them and is Oigre.itelt reputation. Aidfureiy,to 
 Tpeak a truth, him they prefer not only before me his elder brother, hue alio they go within 3. 
 . ••' very little to let him before your lelf his liege Kmg and natural lather. For ih'n is he,tor who e 
 *'loveandin favour of whom, the Senat hath remitted and pardoned you thjt penalty which yoa 
 *• had incurred. This ishe-whonow proteckth you from the lorie of Roman .;rmies: whodee- 
 "meth it meetandreal'onthatyouro:d agefliouldbe obliged and beholden to his youth. For iiim 
 Q ^'rtand all the Romans:\\ithhimtake part ailchofe Cities which are delivered and free from your 
 " fubje^^ion: of him hold the Macedonians that wiHufor peace with the Romans, and take con- 
 " tentment therein. Now for me,father what hope Ol help can 1 have ellewherebut in you aiote? 
 *' Whereto think you tend ihofe letters of Q^/«f//«;fent lately unto youjwherein he writeth,Ti!at 
 ." you did palling well for your own eHate,in fending X>fWf/r/»/ to AW-v.-andexhoiteth you wiih- 
 *' all, to (end him again thefecond time,accompanied with more Emballadors and thole the very 
 *' principal and beft of all the MacedoniansPThis /.Q^tDf.t.vs (if you will needj know the rcafcn) 
 " is themanjwholeadeth.induceth and direfteth him at this present in ^ilthings:hcishis coun* 
 "fellor andfchool-malier.And Dcmctrmshaih rejected andcali youoff his ovvn father^Sc hath 
 *^ put him in your ftcad.There it is, where all thefe privy plots have heretofore been firit contrived 
 J) "and let a hatching : and at this prefent in willing you to fend more inemb.iflage,and thofe the 
 " chief perfonages of the Macedonians with him, he leeketh nonghtcife but helpers and aflirtants 
 " to put thole defigns in execution. As many as gojfrom hence to iv!?«;?,be they never I'o found &: 
 *' uncorrupt at their fetting out,be they loyal fubjefts and ai kno vvledging no other but PLilip for . 
 *' their King, return from thence tainted and infeited with the alluring enticements of theRoi 
 " mans. Demctmu alone is altogether in their books. They are all for him,and pals for none elfe, 
 " Him they call their King,during the lite of his own father. Now, if I feem to be touched, offen- 
 "ded.and grieved herewith, by and by lamfureto have it charged reproachfully on bothhdesof 
 " mine ears, not only from others, but alfo from your mouth father, that lafpire and feekto be 
 ** King.For mine own part,! would both they and you knew,ihat ifthe diadem and crown were 
 £" here let between us both, I would none of it. For who ishe,th3t Ifliould need to undennine &: 
 " fupplant,for to (kp into his place and iucceed?None there is at all but my father before me.and 
 " long may he fo be. I pray God, and I wifli to fnrvivehimno otherwifcjbut if 1 be worthy and 
 *' deferve that he flionld likewifedehre thefame.lt my father will make me his heir and inheritor 
 *' of theKingdom,! will accept thereof.He indeed coveteth to be a King,yea,und ungracioully co- 
 " vcteth it,who haftneth to make p.ne forward and to (kp before the coure of nature,the order 
 "ofage-.the cullomof theMacedonians,andthe lawofnation>.But whatimagineth Demc.r^nst 
 "fuppol'eye? Mine eldctbrother(thinketh he)(Iandsin my way between meandhoyie; tobina 
 *' appertaineth the Kingdom by right and by my fathers will : Let us rid him out of the World. 
 "What? I am rot the firit that fought to be a King by murder of a brother. As tor my father he is 
 F "aged, he is defolat and bereaved of a fonjhewill have morecarc to look to his own perfon.tban 
 *' mind to revenge the death ot his fon. The Romans, they will rejoyce, they will approve and 
 " maintain my t'ait.Thefe be nice points,and thefe be ticklilli and doubtful hopes,but believe me 
 "father, they are not altogether vain and frivolous. For thus (lands the cafe-and this is thefumof 
 '• all: Well may you prcferve me out otd.inger, now whiles lamalive.by infiidingpuninimenc 
 " uponthfife who take weapon in hand tokillme;but let their cnterprifefpeed once and takeef- 
 " tedt,you fhail never be able to purine them to the purpoie and revenge my death. 
 
 When Per feus had made an end of his fpeech they that were prefent in place caft their eyes wlil- 
 
 ly upon Demririus.as ithe would have made anfwer inmediatly,and fo were all filent a longtime, 
 
 and laid not a vvord'.for thev perceived evidently that he could not tor weeping open his mouth : 
 
 ^ but in the end he was urged by them to fpeak, and then after that neccffity had furmounted his 
 
 griefthus be began, '• My father, all thofe means of help which were ever wont to ferve the deten- _. ^, . 
 "• dant in good (tead,I am prevented and disappointed ol-\by the plalnrif my accufer.By thole falfe ^^ 0^;^,"^^^ 
 "and fiined tearsof his^w^ung our and flied to work the ruin and undoing ot another, he hath inhlsnwnde- 
 *• m.ide my true tears fu'pecled which gnfhingout ofminecyes.proceed from a melting JS: woun- fence, before 
 " ded heart within. And whereas himfelfh 1th nor ccafed (ever lince th.it 1 returned from Ror,:^-) huUther. 
 *' to prailifc fecretly with his conforcs and complices both night and day to lay wait lor my lite, 
 
 Dddd 5 now
 
 g;. (J The fortieth Boo\ o/T.Livius. 
 
 •' now he begins firft with me,and will needs put upon me the viforjand have the world believe H 
 "that Fplaythepart notonly ofafecret and cunning wait-laier,buiotan open thief and a noto- 
 *' rious murderer and cut-throac. Hei'eemeth to fright you with his owndanger.thathe might 
 *' mal<e even you the very means and inHrument to haflen forward the death ot his innocent bto- 
 "tber. He faith that he hath noplace ofrefuge in the whole world: to the end that I might have 
 " no parcel at all of hope letcjfo much as in you.Thus circumvented as 1 am,left alone./orlorn,de'- 
 *' flitute and void ofallfuccourhechargeth me with being in favour and grace with forrain Hran- 
 '<gers;3thingl wisjthat doth me more barm than good.Moreoverlee how heprocecdcthlikea 
 " pra(5lired and cunning barrider, in that he inferieth;:ndmirgleth the laft nights work together 
 *' with the blame olmy former lifeuo the end that he might naake more fufpitious by thecourfe 
 *' of mine other years pa iTed,this criminous matter alfo (the fimple truth whereofyoufiiallknovv I 
 •'anon) and withal confirm and maintain this vain lurmife and {lander, of my hopcsimy will,and 
 <* intended deligns.by this fubtile invention of his,by the fained Si forged fable 1 fay of that which 
 '' was pretended the night th«t was. He hath not failed moreover to make you believe that this 
 " accufation of his was not premeditat and (ludied npon beforehand, but framed ex ter^jore, and 
 '« occaGoned onlyupon thefiiddainfrightand trouble overnight. But in good faith,Per/i?«/,if I 
 '■'■ had been a traitor to the King my father & therea]m;ifl had complotted with the Romans and 
 *' other of my fathers enemies, me thinks you fliold not have waited for this nights devifed fable, 
 '<• but you ought to have accufed me before this lime.of treafon.And ifthat imputation were vain 
 "and frivolous without this furmife.and fervcd to difcoverand bewray yourenvy&fpight which 
 *' you bearagainfl me, morethanitdeted>eth any crime which is in me; yet you fliouldhave let K 
 "me alone and forborntbisday,orpucit off until another time ; that it might have been deeriy 
 "feen whether of us twain laid wait for the other ,you or I,upona (frange& extraordinary man- 
 " ner of hatred. As for rr,e (fo far forth as I poflible can in this fuddain trouble of my fpiritsj I will 
 <• endeavour to fpcak fevcrally of each point, which you have heaped up together fo diforderly, 
 *' and reveal I will the ambuflies and trains of this night, yonrsormine, fallout as it fliall. He 
 " would have it thought that I praftifed to kill him.for this intent forfooth,that when mine elder 
 •brother were once made away5unto whom the inheritance of thecrown appertained by the law 
 '' of nations ,by the cuftom of the M3cedonians,and aIfo,as he faith,by your judgment; I the yon- 
 " ger might ftep into his place, and fucced him whom I had killed. What meaneth then, and 
 << wherto ferveth that other part of his Oration,wherein he faith^that I have been fo refpeftive to L 
 «* the Romans, and that uponthe affiance that I have in them,l hoped to be King PFotifl were 
 " perfwadedthusof theRomans.tbat they could fet up whom they pleafed to be King oi Mace' 
 " ti5»)'-8i if withal I prefumedfomuch of their good grace and favor to me-ward,what need had 
 *' I then to commitaparricidePVVasit becaufe 1 had a mind to wear a diadem cmbrued with my 
 *< brothers Mood by memurdered?and was I defirous to mnke my felt odious & execrable among 
 ''them, with whom cither for m,ine honefly indeed, or at leaff waies for a counterfeit fhew ther- 
 " of I h:.vewon feme credit, fuch nsit is,if haply it be any at all? Unlefs perhaps, you think that 
 *' 7'.CXi</;//'/<;(by whofevertue and counfel,you reproach me that I am ruled) advifed meto kill 
 "my brother ^w«//«^. I fay,whois lb kind unto his ownbrother,andliveth with himfo loving- 
 " ly, Thisplaintif&accufer of mine hath collefted not only the afte6lion ot the Romans which j^ 
 ''they bear unto me hut nlfo the opinion which the Macedonians have ofme>yea, and in manner 
 "theconfentof all Gods and men in my behalf; in which regards a'] he took himfelfnot able to 
 "match me in this quarrel and difference about the Kingdom : andyetfee, how the lame msn 
 " laiethto my charge, that as if I were in all other refpefts, inferior unto him, I was fain to have 
 " recourfe to this- la(i fbiit of praiiifingmifdiief and wickednels.Will you have this to be the cale? 
 '• Will you be content to join iffuein this point?That whether of us twain feared the other to be 
 '* reputed worthier of the Kingdom, he fnould be judged & condemned to have fought andcon- 
 " tri\cd thedeath of his brother? Butlet usdifcufsandexamine in I'ome fort or other, the order 
 *• and manner of this pretended and devifed crime. He hath burdened me, that I have laid for him 
 "■ many and fnndrywaies;yet hathheknit up alltbefe means and conched them together in one f^ 
 •'dales woik.I purpofed to kill him (I'aith he) in the open day-lightjafter the folemn review and 
 " afloilingof the army even when we joulkd together, andfeemed to charge one anotherin bat- 
 '■'■ tcl- wife : yea upon the very day (God he knoweth) of the faid folemnity. I intended Iwis {be- 
 " lieve him i: you will) when I invited him to fupper, to make him away with a cup of poiibn. I 
 " w( uW have ftabbedhim (vvhatelfe?)orrun him through with my fwordjwhen Icame toban- 
 ' ket with him & wasaccompanied with fomeofmy train armed and having weaponaboutthem. 
 " Yon fee,faihcr,what proper and choice opportunities I had picked out to commit this preten- 
 " ded murdcr;n.imcly the very day ofdifports, the time offupper,of banket and collation. As for 
 "the day. let us examine it and the manner thereof: was it any other than that, wherein the army 
 *' wasliineicd and folemnly purged ? when between a t'acrificecut in twain, the royal coats of all q 
 '^ -the arms of Macedonian Kings that ever had been, were carried aloft in a (lately fliew ; and we 
 *- alone your two fons (father; marched ©neither fide ofyou before the reft, and the whole Ma- 
 ^'ccdonian army followed afrer.Whenlwas thuscleanfed and purified hy this expiatory facrifice 
 •• ^if haply I had committed any fin before that defcrved expiation) and efpecially at the very 
 '• fame inR int when 1 beheld before mine eyes (on cither fide of the way) the parcels ofthe beaft 
 "facrificedxntertiined I then in my thoughts the pradife of po;foD,8Cihe handling of fwords pre- 
 
 " pared
 
 I be fortieth Boo^ of T.Liviiis. gi-y 
 
 A ''pared aforehandsgainft the banketjto perform a parricide? that afterwards I might with fome 
 " other facrihces expiat and cieanie my confcietice thus flaincd & defiled with all kind of wicked* 
 ■*'ners?A likely matter lurely. But a fpirit corrupt &b;inded with the humour offiandcringano- 
 " ther upon a delire to gather matter and make al lufpicious careth not to huddle one thinj; upon 
 '' another confufediy. Foriflmeant to ha\epoiloncdyou ^tfopper, what was there more unfit 
 " to let forward that dellgnmcnt thin to provoke you to anger,by running fo eagerly upon you & 
 " fighting with you fotoughly,that thereby you might take good and jmi o.calion torefufebe- 
 " ing requeued. for to come to fupper? \rd when in your choler you had once denied to fup with 
 *'me,was it not the next way for me then. to endeavour how to ..ppeafeyou^and feck fome other 
 " opportunity,fincc 1 had prepared the poilon tor th.u prefent only? c4ut 1 mult leap from that de- 
 B''fignment to another, even to the killing o' yonbyihe i word, and that upon the very fame day, 
 " under a pretence of banquetting with you?lf J thought thattor fear of death you forbare my ta- 
 *'b]e at fnpper time>how comes it that 1 im.igined not femblab!y.,that for the laid ;ear you would 
 *' avoid my company at banquet after fupperrThere is no caufe why 1 fliould be a(>.amedjFather, 
 " ifuponluch a telfivalday as it was I drank wine liberally, and took perhaps a cuptoomucha* 
 '' moDg my companion?. Nay. I would it might pleafc your majelly to enquire with what mirth, 
 " and merimentlfeaffed yefierdayac home in my hoiife. and thi.; joy let u, the farther out, be- 
 " caufe in that warlike padime of lulty youth?. onr fide went not by the worie. But this mifery & 
 '■unhappy fear upon that ourmirth, hath well del;:ied and cooled the wine.; fpcntithath the 
 "ftrength thereof fuming up into our head^:which ilit had not come between.vve as great laiers 
 C " await as we vvere,hadtoihishour lien foundaflcep inourbeds.\Vcll,if Ihad minded to aflail 
 " and force yonrhoufe,and that done to murder you the m.ifferthereof.would I not thinkyou, 
 "have for born for my part one day to bib and qualf winefofteely.^and like wife kept my fouldier."? 
 *' from drmking drunk? But bccaufe I fliould not alone plead my hmplicity and make my excufe 
 " thereby, this my good brother alio. who God wot is none ofthefe n.-ii'ghty and fiifpitiouscrea- 
 " cures, comes in with his vie and faith, I know nothing;, 1 ch.irgs. nobody. neither wot T what to 
 " fay elfc,but that they came armed to banquet with me. ]f I might be lb bold as toask howyoii 
 " came to that knowledge, you cannot chufe but confefs thnt either my honfe was full of your 
 "fpie.<;, orthofearmedmenofmy train took their weapons foopenly, thnt every one law them. 
 " And becaufe he would have you believe, that neither himfclf made any enquiry before, nor at 
 J) "this time purfueth the matrer with any accufatory fpiriche willed you to demand of them whom 
 •• he named whether they had not their fwords about them?to the end that after you had fought 
 " into it as a matter doubtful, and found them to confefs it,they might thereby be held convided. 
 " But why rather will you not, tbatexamination fliould be taken in this manner ; whether they 
 .*' took their fwords with them to kill you or no? And whether they did foby my warrant direi^i- 
 " on,andf)rivity?Forthis isit that you(brotherJ would makethe world believe,this is it which 
 " you would have toanpear.and not that which my men confefs.But the cafe i.?plain,yea.& they 
 " will be known no othcr^than that they were armed in their own defence. Whetherit were well 
 " or ill done, they are of ageto make account and render a reifon of their doings. Do not you 
 *' mingle my caufe with that a6lion of theirs, which inrcr^dcth it nothing atall. But rather de- 
 £"clare, whether we meant to affail you openlyorfecretly?If openly .w+iy were we noc all armed? 
 " why w.Ts there none of us bcfides ihofeperfons that did beat your fpie?lfrecretly. what was the 
 " train and order of the execution of that defign ? After the banket ended, and I the fetter ofthe 
 •'banket retired from thence, fliouldtho'e four haveftaied behind to fall upon you when you 
 " were afleep?How could they havecaried itfodofeas r.ottobefpied,forthat alitlcbefore,they 
 '» had beenfeenina branl? And fay, they had killed you; by what means could they efcapcthem- 
 " fclves ? Was it poflible that your houfe lliould be fcr.cd and kept with four fwords ? Fie, fie 
 '■^ Perfw fpeaknomorcfor fliame ot this night,but come ag.untothat r.ither which gallcth you 
 " at the heart, which kindleth your envy. and fettcth you en fire. How comcth it to pal's, c) Dcmc- 
 ■••fr^w that men fpeak abroad that you fliall be King ? why Oiould you be deemed of fome more 
 p " worthy than my felf,to fucceed the royal elfateofmy father.'How isit that I am in doubt of my 
 " hope. which but for you, were lure Sc ccrtain?Thefe are the fccrer thoughts of Per ft «f,aUhough 
 " he faith nothing: thefe make him of a brother to become an enemy = thefe caufe him to be mine 
 '' accufer.'thefe conceits they be that fill yourpalace your courcand your realm,with furmifes flan- 
 *' ders.andfuipicions. But for mine ownpart,laiher,like as T cught neither to hope foryourroial 
 " crown, nor at any time peradventure, to make words and difpiue about it ; becavife ] am the 
 "yonger, and becaufe it is your will and pleafure, that /fliould give phceun-o mine elder bro- 
 " ther: fo,it became me not herctofore,neither doth it become me yet,tn demean my felf fo in any 
 *' aftion.that /Hiould feem unworthy to have you for my father. but to be capable of alldignitie.': 
 " whatfoever. Theonepoint /fliouId attain nntoby indireft courfes and wicked vices, in not 
 - '* yeelding unto him as ri?ht and reafon would:bv)t the other by my good carriage and fober be- 
 ■^ " haviour. You reproach me with the Romans,brother;and thofe things which in right ought to 
 " turn to my praife and glory, you blame and reprove me for. It vvasno'feeking of mine thsti was 
 " delivered to the Romans as an hoftage, orfentto Rnr>.eis Emb.^lT'dor : bbtwhcnl wasap- 
 '' pointed by you father, /refufed not to go. At both times.fuch was my demeanor that /had an 
 '*' eye dill andgood regard, not to difcredit either your highnefs, or your Kingdom, ortheMace- 
 «donian nation. And iherbrs you W£re the caufe,father,ofthatfricQdfliip which /have with the 
 
 " Romans.
 
 g -8 The fortieth Boo}{^ o/T.Livius, 
 
 '* Romans. As long as you and they are at peacC;! fliall be well affefted to them : begin war once; 
 " I that was an holiage and Embaflador among ihem, and (though 1 lay it) not unprofitable for 
 " you my f3tber,even I,will become a moft fpiieful and mortal enemy unto them. Neither do 1 at 
 *' this day require that the favour I have among the Romans might ikad me any way:only 1 be- 
 '' feech you, that it may not prejudice and harm me. Itbegannctbyoccaf.onoi war. neither is it 
 *' referved fotthe time of war. For affnrance otpeace,! was a pledge and hoflage: ior maintenance 
 " of peace I was emploied in cmbaffage. Content will I be^by the one and the otherjncafelnei- 
 " ther pur.hafefamenorincur blame. If I have committed any impiety againli you fsiher-jf I have 
 ** done or dellgned any wicked part againfl my brother,! refufe no punilhment,! crave no pardon 
 *' or tavor. If I be innocent, I dehre only and humbly befeech your grace, that I be not over- 
 " weighed with the heavy load of envy andill will, fince I can be overthrown by no crime juftly I 
 <' objeded unto me. This is not the firli day, that my brother hath accufed me : but this is the 
 " firft day.that he is feen to be my accufer : and full little have I deferved it at his hands. It my fa-- 
 " thet had been dilpleafed and angry with me,I would have thought that you ot all othersjbeing 
 " the elder brother ,iliould have been a mediator and interceiTor tor me(the y onger)to my father, 
 " andameanstopurchafe apardonformy tolly and the error of tender youth: but fee ! where my 
 " fuccourand refuge fhould have been, there contrary-wife is my ruin and overthrow. From my 
 " feaftingandbanquetting.frommy mirth and goodcheer,by his means have 1 been haled hithet 
 " not half waked, but with mineeyesfuiloffleep,to anfwerin the (.afe of parricide :2nd forced I 
 ''am to plead mine own cair.'e without my counfel, without my proflor or advocate. If I had 
 *' been to fpeak in the defence of anothetjl would have taken time to liudy premeditat and frame K 
 *' an oration. And yet,what was I to hazard there,but the reputation of wit and learning. In!f ead 
 " thereof I not knowing for what caufe I was fent for, heard your Majeliy firft f wroth and angry 
 " as you were) to command us to plead our caufes: and then my brother,who hath (tood up to ac* 
 <;cufeme. As for him, he hath pronounced an Oration (iudied for, and devifed long before hand: 
 <- but I was allowed no longer time^than whiles I heard my felf accufed) to be think me what to 
 «. plead or to examine and takeknowledeofthem.uter that he hath laid forth againftme.In that 
 'tprefent moment of time, could I,thirkyou (fofuddainly taken as I was) either give ear to my 
 *■ accufer, or confider and think duly ofmine own plea? (ionied fo I was, with that fuddain trouble 
 *t and unexpefted occurrentjthat much ado I had,tounderftand what I was charged with: fo far 
 • ' was I from devifmg whatto fpeak in mine own defen.Cj What hope fliould 1 have now?and in 
 ** what cafe were I if I had not my father tor my judge?at whofe hands (albeit I am not fo well be- 
 " loved as mine elder brother is yet fince I am the party defendantjl ought at leafl wife to find as 
 *' much pitty and companion. Forlbefeethyou (Ofatheryto faveme, in regard of my felf and 
 '' you : but he requireth you to take away my life^only for his own aflurance and better fecurity. 
 " And wh.it will he do againft me think you, after you have made over the crown and fcepter 
 *'into his hands; who now already thinketh itmeetand reafon.todifpofe ofmy blood at hisoood 
 *• pleafure? In uttering of thefe words the tears gufhed forth fo abundantly,that they flopped his 
 mouth fojihat he could neither fpeak or draw his breath. Then Hv/p after he had commanded 
 them to go apart. and communed a while with his friends,fpake and faid That he would not de- 
 cide their caufe upon thefc words of theirs, nor upon one hours debating, but by enquiry into j^ 
 both their lives, and obferving their behaviour indeed and word, as well in great matters as in 
 fmall. Hereby they all faw wellcnough,that theaccufation of the precedent nights a(9:,was fuffi- 
 ciently refuted and ev \i\.zd & the only thing in Demetrms to be fufpefted, was the over-creat fa- 
 vour that the Romansbare toward him. This was the very feed of the Macedonian war,foweda$ 
 one would fay.^during the life of P^«//p>ut the war was after to be waged moft of all a^ainft Ver- 
 fens. 
 
 The two Confuls took their journy into Liffuna.ihs fole confular Province of them both ; and 
 becaufe they had atihieved their exploits fortunatlythere,ordained there was a folemn proceffion 
 ^or one day. It fortuned that thcrecame two thoufand Ligurians or thereabout to the utmoft fron- 
 tier of the Province ot Caul, where .M-srcelh-ahy in leaguer, requefting to be received under his N 
 protection. Marcclbsiktt he had commanded the faid Ligurians to give attendance upon him 
 in the fame place, required by his letters the advice of the Senat.TheSenatgave order loM.Ogttl- 
 wwrtheLord chief juHice of the Gity, to write back again unto /W.2r<r<?///^.f to this effe<ft, Th»t it 
 was more meet that the Confuls, nmto whom that government appertained, fliould give order 
 and determine (as touching the Ligurians who yeeided and fubmitted j what was expedient for 
 the common- weal in that behalf,than the Senar. As for them, if they were to give their opinion, 
 ihey thought it not good to accept of the Ligurians furrender : and being once received then to be 
 dilarmcd: but they were of this mind and advice, that it wasrequifit they fliould be fent and re- 
 ferred over to the Confuls. 
 
 The Pretors at the fame time arrived in their Prbvinces, to wit P .Maditts'vaWt Sfiiin-:^\\t\t Q 
 he had been Governor before during his former Pretor{hip;and Q.FahiusFlaccfis id the higher: 
 where he received the army ot TerentiMs \ for that other hde of Sfain beyond Iberns.hiA been left 
 without a Lord Deputy by occafion of the death of P. Scmp--on,tts the Pro-pretor. Whiles F«/- 
 vius FLicc:is affaulted a Town xnSfAinmmsiAU^hicula, the Celtiberians made head and came 
 upon him; where m.iny and fundry hot skirmifliespafled and wherein many Roman foul- 
 diers were both hurt and (lain. Howbeit Fnhitss held ftill his tefoluticn, and by no for- 
 cible
 
 I be fortieth BooJ^ofTlAVms. 85^ 
 
 A cible means whatfoever,could be brought to levy the liege. The Celtiberians toiled out of heart 
 with divers combats, retired and departed. The City then iccing their fuecours diflodged nnd 
 gone, within few dales was t'on-ed and ranfii ked i and the Prctor gave the pillage thcrcot co 
 his louldiers. Thus f«/w«/ after he had gamed this Town, and P. ^<j/,;;.'/, when hehad retired 
 »nd r.iliied bis torses into one place , whi^hhad beendifpened ■ without any other memorable 
 act performed, brought their armies within the wintering harbours. And ibefe were the exploits 
 in Spain, during that I'ummer lealon. Tere/ittm who WdS departed out of chat Province before, 
 entred the City o^ ^ow^ in a petty triumph by way of ovation. He '.airied before him in flicw 
 eight thoufand three hundred and twenty pound weight ofiuver, andfourlvoreo: '^old; belides 
 two golden coronets weighing 6-/ pound, 
 B The fame year the Romans were cholen Arbitrators between the people oiC-'r:ha:re and Kin"^ 
 Maf.itiifA.is touching their territotiej : and came perfonally to fee the place incontroverfy. And 
 thus (lood the cafe : GaU the father of this MfvUifa, had won the gt otind in quellion from the 
 Carthaginians. 5y/)/j<t.v afterward dilleizedG^Ai thereof: nnd coni'cquenciy to gratify Afdmbd^ 
 bis wives father, freely give the lame cotheC3rthaginians,and fet them inpollciriona"ain.Now 
 lad otall, even this very year, ^^/.»//<» had diipolleilcd the Carthaginians of the latnc. This 
 matter was debated by the parties ot both lides inthcprefen-.e of the Romans, with no lefs cou- 
 rage and fervency oflpirii than at other times when they tried the illoe by dint of fword in open 
 field. The Carthaginianslaid claim and put in their plea, For that firll it appertained to rheiran- 
 cedors in right of inheritance. and afterwards was conveighed to them by the'reegift and dona- 
 C tion ot Syphax. Auifi»iJfiCoantc:p\Qidcd again and aledged, that he h ;d both recovered the 
 faid territory, asparcelof his fathers realm, and alfoheldit by the law of nations: and that the 
 cafe was deer on his lide. in regard as well of the jult title as alio of the prefent poflelfion where- 
 in hewas; faying, that in his laufe he doubted nothing elfe but that themodefly ofthe Romans 
 fliould prejudice him, for fear leR they might be thought to be partial inthccaufe andrefpei^ive 
 to him a King their ally and good friend and in favour of him to give uptheirawaidasainftthe 
 common enemies both to him and them. The CommilTionersand arbitrators would not in- 
 fringe and alienat the right ofpofleflion, butleft ail as they found it, and referred the entire deci- 
 fion ofthe matter to theSenat of ^owc. 
 
 Nothing was there done after this in Lifrana : for firlt, theencmies were retired for fafety into 
 jj their wilds and forrellsout ofthe way :and afterwards they cafled their army,and flipt away every 
 man to their own villages and calfles. The Confuls likewife were willing to break up and difmifs 
 their tor<.es; and thereupon fent to the LL. ofthe Senat to know their pleafure in that point; who 
 advi:ed the one ofthem todif(.harge his own regiments, and repair to ^c»»jffortheele6fion of 
 Magiflrats the next year : and the other, with his legions, to winter at Pifx. A rumour there ran, 
 that the Tranfalpine French put their youth and ferviceable men in arms: but it was not known 
 what quarter of/f-y/)- this multitude thus levied would invade.But the Confuls thus agreed to^e- 
 tbcr, that CX^ff^.-rtifliould be prefent at the general aflembly at j^owf, tortheelcc'tionaforefaid, 
 hs.iak AI.Bceli.-iishh brotherfuedto be Conful, Then wastlieaffembly holdenfor the creation 
 of Con ul';,ande'e6>ed there were, /',C9r«t'//«;Lf»f«/«;, and M.Bcchim TamfhUns. This done, 
 g the Pretors alfo were chofen, namely, the two Qjuyitn Fa'jii, the one ALixiinus^ and the other 
 I' tea'-, T.Claudms Xero Q^.Pet:liut S p!irr/i:is-.M ,P in.iriHS Pofca and h-Duroftitit, When thefe were 
 entred into their magiilracy. the Provinces were by lot after this manner difpofed. The Ligur- 
 ansfcll to the Confuls: as for the Pretors, Q,P^/-.'7/«.- was Lord chief Juflice for the citizens pleas, 
 and Q^r'a' ins /i-A/.v/wwJ for the Grangers: Q^Fa'uits .B/<r<^o had the government o( Giiu/^T,CI.U4- 
 dui NcTo o( SiriHa, M.Pi»arius oi S irdi»ia, L.Dnronius oi yipa'iatogethct with the Iflrians; for 
 that the Tarentini; and Brundulins bad given intelligence- that the fea-coalls were much troubled 
 and annoied by the robberies ot pirns and menof war from beyond Sea: and the like complaints 
 were made by theMalTilians, of theLigurian navy. For thefe caufes order was given, and warrants 
 went out for to levy armies: that the Confuls fliould havefour legions between them, contain- 
 pin^^ in every one 5200 Roman footmen and :; 00 horfe: alfo to enrol i 5000 footmen and Soo 
 horfemenof I. arine allies. In rhe Provinces of S/i.j/k (both the one and the other) the o'd Pretors 
 coninned Hi 1 in their government, wi; lithe charge of thole armies which they had already : and 
 fora fnpplemenr to reenforce and make up their broken companies, there were appointed :;ooo 
 loot and ;oo horfe o' Romancitizens together with 6000 of the one and 500 ofthe other, from 
 out ot the Latine nation. All this while they toi gat not their navy at Sea. And the Confuls had 
 jnthargetochue for that pnrpofe. two wardens called Duumvirs, who after they had out ofthe 
 Atfena! fiiot into r'^e Sea twenty fliips and fet them aBote, fliould furnifli them with mariners, 
 and fhoe Romanc tizcn? fu h as had been llaves and were cnfranchifed : and that natural Ro- 
 mans iree born flionld only be Captains and have the condu^l: of the laid veflels. Theiecwo 
 J Duumvirs fo pirred 3nd ordered betwixt them the defence ofthe maritime coads with tenfliips 
 appce ; that the dpa o'^ M^terv.i (hoxvd be as it were the middle point and mark between them: 
 f-^ sthe one rii on Id guard that part onthe right hand astarasto ^^y/A^i; and theother the left: 
 fide even to Z> rinm. 
 
 r !<:-,eir were ('eenac Rome snd reported from forrain parts many uncouth and Rrange prodi- 
 fjic , - iri the C'lnr-h-yards belongingto f^fiica» and Concnrdia, it rained flieer blood : and the 
 r- 'lops mids relation; that the Spears lot AIms] Ciwok and moved of their own accord. 
 
 Mtb
 
 35o I he fortieth Boo1\^ o/T.Livius, 
 
 fi\\0 3t L.rmvittm theimzoc of J •tKo S<)fp>t£(hcd ttm. Moreover,iheplagiiereignedlc» hot ifi H 
 Che contrcy \ Ulafesmarket Towns maris and places of frequent rciort>yea,and W Jthid the City 
 c\Rom ,tiiatthey were not able to futnifh the funerals accordingly and inter the dead. ThiLI.. 
 oftheSenat, being in great anguiHi and trouble, in regard otthofe tearful tokens and the Icfs of 
 their people, ordiined, That as welltheConful (hould kill greater bealis for lacrih.e unto wh.'t 
 Cods they thought good as alfo the Dci eiti\ irs fhould vifit and perufe the prophetical books bf 
 Sihll^i. And by vert'ue of their detree there was pubiick fupplitation prodaimcd at Ro,*je \ottnt 
 whole day, at all the altars and Ihttnesot the gods and goddeflcs. By their LOimfcl alfo and dv- 
 reftion, both the Senate adviled and the Comuls alfo publiflied throughout all /i<./> for ihtei 
 daiesipace,folemn litanies and devout holy-daies. The rage ot this peliilence was lo great, thai 
 whereas there palTed an aft by the Senate to enrol 8000 footmen and three hundred horle from 1 
 out ot the Latins (in regnd that the Ilanders oiCorftc^i were revolted and the lolians up in arms 
 within5.<r«i»/-/. ) with wht' h power i^^, Pinarius thePretor was to laii over into Srf»-*i'«'4: th* 
 Conluls made report again unto them, that uch numbers ot people were dead already, and 16 
 many lay fi.kjthatit was not poffibletoleiy that proportion ot fghtingmen. SothePletot bad 
 commifllon to furnifh our that delVa of louldier-, with a fnpply which he Was to feceiv*ot Cn. 
 Hdbius the Pro-coniul, who then wintered at '?;/<« ; and from them dire(5lly to take the feas ana 
 caf^ over into S T<^;>f/>. 
 
 L.JDHTotimsihQ Pretor j'nnto whom the Province of Afuli^ was allotted) had a comffiiffion be* 
 fides to make inqniiition for the BacchanaiS.forthdre remained yet fome feeds of thefomer ertof-* 
 mines which began already the former yeartolprout and bud torth. Bntlr. ?/-pB/«fthe ! rctof K 
 laH before had entrt-d into theerquiry and iCdr.h ofthe matter rather than sffcaed oU»hl and 
 brouchi it to a final end ■ and ihereiore thcLL.gave otd r to thii aew Pretor to tutioft this mif- 
 chief in the Tpring .md breeding thereof.before it gat more htad aiecond tirft€, and upoJl growth 
 fpred !-'a ttier. Moreo-. er the C nnfuls by the ad\ i'. e and authority of the SeOat , ptefcfftd icftain 
 *ltx detm-^ laws nrto the peope, as touching the * inordinatiuit and ambitious leeking a'ter offices of gO- 
 bnu, veromcnt. Atteraiiihis tncy brongtit into the Scnat the forrein embaffages ; and ga^e audicme 
 
 firH to them th it came from the KK. to wit Eime»ess ArtAr.<tes th« Cappadoci jn,and Ph,.rrtAces 
 ot Po:tf{s. But no other dipat h ind anfwcr they had than this.That they wonld fend ( enaill De* 
 leoats and ommiflloner.s to hear de ide and determine their controvcffie';. After them the 
 Embiffadors ot the La edsmoman exiles, and of the Acbffans, were admitted imoiheSenat l 
 home. The bariflied perlons atorciaid were put in fome good hope, that the Senat would Writ6 
 thcirletfcr- rothe Achsans for their reHaurifion. The Aiheans declared as toUchin? the reco- 
 very ot A4ejf ne and the pa ification of ail troubles thcre.with the great contentment oi the LL.of 
 theSenat. Thete arri edmoreo ertwo Embafladors from P/>///;> King ofthe Macedonians, na-' 
 mely Vbilodes nd ;)W/er,3bout no ibif that they had to the Senat, but fent rather as I'pica to _un- 
 di.r-prie and toiearn I'rmwhatastou hingthofe points that "f ;-)?«/ had cbaiged Dimetnttsw'Mhy 
 and ramely of ertainipeechesthathe fliould have with the Romansandefpecia'ly with T.Qan- 
 »/ /, acTAinit his brother .'bout mccefflrn in the Kingdom. Tbefe twain werechofcn by the King 
 as indffferent perloti?, and norhirg afi'cit onat either to the one brother or the father : howbcic 
 thev were the miniH'-rs, Lon'ort'^ and complices of /'n/'aA in his intended mil hievous plot a- j^ 
 oainU hisbrott er. V »;efr-:«r(ap oreignor-nt ofalldel'gnmentsac^alnlf him, but only of the late 
 wi kedpr'nkof /"f-y^w which lali brake outsat the firlt, was neither in great hope, nor yet in 
 urter de'pair to de reconciled nnto hi- father. But afterwards, lie hidlcfs confdeme every day 
 tfian ofherin thegof dafftftionof hisfaiher tovv-rd him feeing his brother continually tobuz 
 into his ear-: many m3tters,and poffefs his hrad witf tales agninH him. And therefore helooketf 
 lir um pcff'y abort him that he trode not awry, and namely, that he let 1^0 words fall ordid any 
 thin" that might be offentive ard breed more jcalouiy ; and abo\en 1, he wholly forbafe confe- 
 rence and cnrnmer e with the Romans ; in Uch fort that be would not have them fo mti' h as to 
 write any letter, unto him- knowir* full well, that his fathers heart would be exafperatedagainf? 
 him by m h imputations and informations erpecially. fij 
 
 Ph if becaufe hewon'd provide that his fouldiers and men of 35^ion Hnould notdepcnerare 
 
 and wixworic through id;cne':anddifurcofarms and that ufvder one he might avert fromhimfelf 
 
 all infpition ihat he intended any war againU the Romans,3ppoimed the City SM^ifor the Re>jd(z. 
 
 voitf ot"his arrny and mar hed into the quarters of i^<«<i(r<«. A great del're be had ro mount uptiie 
 
 »ctttnt»iimdi, crei> & top ofthe hill* JEm:*} becanfe there was anopinion commonly reitivcd & which he had 
 
 or, Mme *i- <i\ cncreditunto that from thence 3 man might difcover within fmeyro'"pp^ the * Portii k and 
 
 gtmtto. Adriatitkfea<:. therive * //?fy alio and the y)7p.i:rorrhH<: he thought th .t the view of thefe places 
 
 \n"iibi"''^o- would Rand him in no fmallffead inproje£ting& ploitingthe war againft the Romans .When af- 
 
 naw. ' tcr (!i igent inquiry ofthem that knew thofe quarters well, as touching the af enr of that moun- 
 
 tain.hehad learned and found it cicer and cettain-, that there was no wa^ ar all For to condnfl an q 
 
 a my thither and that a few men & thole nimble and lightlyappointed fhrruldfindenouohtftdo 
 
 and ex eedine mu.h difficulry to pal'sjhe raketh his yonger fonapart.whom he W3« I'efoh ed rtct to 
 
 . have with him in that expedition; and becaufe he would icemtodulce and m Ilify hi"; di Ron 'en- 
 
 te I m nd with omefamifiarard privat fpeech.firH he demanded of him conf-derino fogrear diflfi- 
 
 cu'tie'; ofthe jonrrey prcfentcd urto them, whether he were better to hold on the way fti 1 »nd 
 
 ♦'• follow fiis dcfign,or give over ? BtJt if I (honld gO forward (qd. he) I cannot forget that which 
 
 " befel
 
 I be fortieth Boo\ of T.Livius. S^i 
 
 fi " befell to Antigonusin the like cafe, who being upon a time much tofled at Sea in a boiflerous 
 "tempeft, and having with him in the fame fliip all thoiethat were of his bloud , isxeporied 
 ."to have given this good advertil'emencandleflonto his children, that they fliould alwayesre- 
 " member,and alfo give their polkrity warning,never to venture all their goods in one bottome, 
 *' nor to engage themfelves together with their wholerace and orf-fpring in nny peril and danger, 
 *' Remembring therefore (qd.he) this good precept and counfel of his, I will not hazard both my 
 "fonsat once in this preicnt jeopardy which 1 fee before mine eyes: buttor almuJi as I propofe 
 '• to cake mine elder fon with me, I will fend my yonger back into A^acedony^ tor to uphold and 
 *' maintain the hope of my po(kiity,and for the detente of my Kingdom in the mean while. I>e- 
 nte ty, us ioar\A\\\m iireight, and wili well enough that he wasfept away for no other intent but 
 B that he (liou;dnotbe prefent in counfel, when upon the view of thofe places abov^aid, he was 
 todevife and confult in what coaU lay the neerelf and fliorteft way to the Adnacick Sea and to 
 /f4'/, and what courfe chey iltonld plotfoi the management of the war. But there was no reme- 
 dy;hemufl not only then obey hisfather.but alfo footh him up and feen to approve and like well 
 of that which be faid, for fear left it might be thought, thatic wcntagainif hisllomacktoyeeld 
 obedien e unto him,and fo be held in more jeloufy and fufpition than betore.HovYbeit,to the end 
 that he might pafs into Afacedony with fafety ,X>;<i(« one ot the Kings Deputies and L.Govcrnor 
 Jinder him of Pxtma-, was commanded to accompany and condudt him with a mean guard and 
 convoy. Now was this Didas onco\ thoie confpirators that had fworn the death o'i Demetnut, 
 whom Pe^ftMshid madefureto his part,like as he had many oihtroi his fathers friends,evenlincc 
 C chat men began to make no doubt, unto whom f /;//'/? in affedion was em lined-, and whom he 
 meant tomakethe heirapparentot thecrown. Andat thisvery inlianc ^/r/f«jhadchdr;^^edhim 
 'and given him in(frnd:\ions,ny all ob.equiousfervices toinlmuateand wind himfelfinto moft fa- 
 miliar talk, and to come lo neer within him, that he might draw from him all his fecrets.& difco- 
 ver the very inward and hidden thoughts ot bis beau. Thus departed Ofwar/w attended with a 
 trainabout him more dangerous to his perfoD,thanifhe had travelled alone without any com- 
 pany, Philsf firR pafl'cd through lAidua.iXid then forward over the defarts lying between lAAdica 
 and «y£w«vndat thefeventh dales march was corneas far as to the foot of the mountain.Where 
 after be had relfed andiiaied one day to make choice of thofe whom he minded to take up with 
 him:the morrow after he let forth & put himfelf in his way. At the firff,the labourwas net great, 
 J) nor the pains much to overcome the nethermoll hills ; but thefarther they went and the higher 
 that they ad vanced,the more wild and woody ftill they found every place;yeajand they met with 
 Biany that had no paffage at all. At length they were mounted to a pafs or way fo fliadowed and 
 dark, that 'or the tretsftandii^ fo thick together, and their boughs plaited and inierlaced one 
 within another,fcarcely or hardly could a man fee the skie through them. But when they approch- 
 cd once the ciceh and creff of the mountaiuibehold ("a thing not lightly i'een in other parts) they 
 light upon lo grofs and thick a mil-ljwhich overfpread and covered all-thac they had as much ado 
 tomarehf"oiward;asitthey had travelled in the dirk & mid-night. At laft by the third dales end, 
 they gained the very top of the mountain. Now w hen they were come down from thence again, 
 they made no lefs report thereof than the common opinion was that went of it ; which I believe 
 E verily they did of purpofe, becaufethey would not be mocked indfcorned for this their foolifh 
 and vain voiage, rather than for that they could indeed within the fame profpeil and from one 
 place ,view feas. mountains, and rivers,fituat and diftant fofar afunder.Much moiled they were all, 
 and fore toiled in this untoward way,buc the King above the red, by rcafon that he was far Hepc 
 in age.and unweldy of body.VVell,after he had done facrifice there upon two altars confecrated to 
 Jupiter and the Sun,he defccnded in two daies-whcreis he had made three of it in afcending : and 
 that which he feared moll, was the cold nights, which there in the beginning of the dog-daies 
 were like to thofe of midwinter in otherplaces. Many difti:ukics he wreltled and firove withal 
 during thofe daies,and being returned into his camp,hc found no better. Nothing was tbere but 
 extream want & penury, as being pitched in a plicecompaffed about on every hde with defarts and 
 p wildernefs. And therefore when he had ftaied there but one only day to reft and repofe his rnen, 
 whom he had taken with him in that journey, he haHned away, and in a running march, as if he 
 bad fled in rout.entred the countrey of the Denthelers.Thel'eDenthelets were his own confederac 
 allies,but the Mat edonians ffuch was their need and necefllty) pilled and fpoiled their confines, 
 ■ no lefs than if they hid been profefled enemies. Forfirlfthey walled Sidelkoied their holts, gran- 
 gcs,and farm houfes.afterwards certain wicks and villages alfo, robbing and rifling as they went, 
 to the great diflionor of the King; who could not chufe but hear ihe:piceous complaints gc raoaes 
 of his allociats crying to the Gods, Pairom of alliances, and callingupon his name for help,buE 
 could have no redrefs and remedy.Wben he waspurveyed of corn from thence,and returned into 
 the countrey M<ei/r^ he began to affail a City which thev czW Petra- Himfelf in petfon lay eucam- 
 P pet' in the avenue and ready way upon the plains ,but he lent his fon Pfr/r«/ with a fmall company 
 to fetch a compafs and give the afl'ault from the higher places that commanded the Town. The 
 Tt^.vnftnenthus hard befted with terror on every hdefortbe prefent yeelded upon compofition, 
 and gave hr^flages ; but after the army was retired, they forgettin.; their pledges, abandoned the 
 Cif vand fled for refuse into certain forts,fenced places,and high mountains. P/j/Ap having wea- 
 ried his fouldie s with all manner of travel to no effea, and withal enrertiined more jelonhe and 
 fufpition of his fon Dcwctnw.h^ the lewd praaife and falfe fuggeftions oiDid^a (the Governor
 
 g^2 The fortieth Boo\ o/T.Livius. 
 
 of P&onin) returned into MactAony. This Didai(i$ haih been laid before) fent to conduft Deme' H 
 rr/«rhome,abufed the fimpliciiy of the yong Gentleman, who was nothingcircumfpeit and wary 
 bar feemeddillontemed and complained to him( as good caul'e he had)oUhofe that were necreft 
 an nature and blood unto him ; he, 1 fay, by flattering, by foothing him up,andfeeming withal 
 to be offended and grieved for his part at loi.hhard ulage, laidfnares and grins, andfet traps ior 
 him ; and in < onclulion, by his double diligence,and offering his voluntary lervice to do him plei- 
 fure. proteltmg alfoto be true and falf umo him, yea, and to keep his counfel, fetched out ot him 
 the very fecrets of his heart. Now had Demer/msi purpo e with himfelf to flieto Rome. And to 
 eftetiuateihis defignment of his, he was perfwaded, that of a fpecial grace and favour the Gods* 
 had lent ard cffeied unto him this Didoi the Pretor of Ptzenia to behis helper and affiOant ; for 
 throiioh his Province he conceived Tome hope topafs and eftape with fecvrity. This intent and I 
 plot of hi-' was both immediately difciofed to his brother Fcrjeris-,iX)d alfo by him dedared to his 
 father. And firft were letters hereof brought unto himjwhiles he lay at the ficge ot Petra. After- 
 wards Herndoriis (the principal friend that Demetrius had j was committed to ward,ard withal, 
 order was taken to watch and obferve Demetrius that he flatted not alide ; but all urderh<ird and 
 clofe,withoMt lemblance of any fuch matter. Thefe occurrents above all others,cauled the King to 
 have a dolorous and heavy return into Macedony.Jhck new accufations thus prefcnted troubled 
 him much : howbeit he thought good to cxpeft the return of thofe whom he had fent to Rome as 
 fpies to hear all and find out the truth. In the anguifh and agony of thefe cares and perplexities, 
 when the King had continued certain months, in the end thofe Embaflador= came home ; who 
 at firlf ere they fei: foot out of Aticedony^ had devifed and framed before hand wh> t reports they k 
 would make from Rome. Thefe meffengcrs, lomakeup the fiiUmeafureofalltheir wicked and 
 divellifli pra(ftifes,delivered alfo into the Kings hand a falfe and forged letrer,feaied with a coun- 
 terfeit linnet of T.C'^wwnw^. The faid letter was indited to this tenor and efte<if> That Quintius 
 flionld feem for his own excufe to fay, that albert yong DemetnusxmKd away with an icordinat 
 defire to be King bad Hipped a little, and trcucd with him about lome fuch matter.yet would he 
 donothing to prejudice any one about K.P/i./p, neither would he be thought ortound aman,to i 
 oive any ungodly and ungracious counfel. Thcic letters firui.k it dead fure : nd made the King be- 
 lieve.that all the former imputations taPucd won Demetrius were true and pall allperad eniure. 
 Whereupon Herodorut preiently was put to he tack ard examined, but after he bad endured in- 
 tolerable pains a long time,and confeffed nothing,he died in the end under the tormentors hand, j^ 
 PerfeifS accuiedDfwiffrw again before his father, for that he intended ind provided to take his 
 flight through Faoma. And there came fonh certain to tertify againif him , faying, that be had 
 corrrtpted inveigled and induced them to accompany him in that journey. But tfiat which made 
 moft of allagainft him, was that fame deviled knetoiT.Q^stimnr. Howbeit there wasnogrie-^ 
 vous lenrence pronounced openiy againll him to the end that ratherby fome covert ahd cauie- 
 lous practife. he might come to his death : and this,not for any fear that he had of him,but doubt- 
 ing left fome open punifhment executed upon him, might reveal and difcover his fecret defign- 
 ment. of making war upon the Romans. 
 
 PW//* himfelf taking his jomny . com The f^lonicaw come xoDemetrias, fent Pfw^fWw his 
 fonto i£/?>'^«»;, aCityin P<eow//!. and the fame D/W^wftill to accompany him: but *P<'r/i^^;/.f he ad- w 
 dreffed to An.'f'nplM-, for to receive the hoHages of the Thracians. Now it is reported, that 
 whenP J.« took his leave of him and departed, the King gave him incharge tokillhislon J^e- 
 nietntts. Didanhtn either pnrpofing indeed or making femblance to facrifice, mv'Mtd Denietriut 
 to the celebration and teak thereof, whereupon he camefrcm ey£/?re»mio Heracle^u And (K 
 men fay) at this fupper he met with a cup of poifon. He had no fooner drunk it, but immediatly 
 he felt that he was Iped ; for within a while it began to work extreamly, and for very dolour and 
 pain, he was forced to rife from the Table and retire into his bed-chamber: where he pitioufly 
 complained of the hard heart acd riu Ity of his father, of the murderous mind of the parricide his 
 brother, and of thetre'herous viiiany oi D das: ard all this while endured deadly wrings and 
 Dtmttriut torments in his belly. But aftervvards there were fent into the chamber,one Thyrfis a Stubeta:an, jq 
 muidted. and Alexandc- o'. Berrhma^ whoenwrapped his head and throat with thebed-doaths, carpets 
 and counterpoints of tapiHry, and held them fo hard, that they throtled and fmothered him,and 
 in the end (lopped his breath that he died . Thus was this poor innocent yong man piteonfly made 
 away ; whofe enemies one fingle kind of death could not content and fatisfy, butneedsthey 
 muftkill and murder them twiie. 
 
 Whiles thefethingchapned in Macedony^ L. &myliusVaulus, who continued ftill in govern- 
 ment after his Confulfhip expired, marched with his army againfl the Ligurians Inganncs in the 
 beginning of the fpring. So foon as he was entred into the confines of his enemies country, and 
 thereencamped, there came Embaffadorsnnto him under colour of feeking peace, but indeed 
 only to efcout and fpie. PW«.f made them anfwer, Thu he could contrail: no accord with them q 
 linlels they yeclded fird : which they feemed not fo much to refufe, butfaid. That they needed 
 fome time to perfwade their nation unto it, being a rude and uncivil kind of people. And when 
 they had tendaies truce allowed to effeff this,they reqnefted moreover,th3t theRoman fouldiers 
 might not pafs over the ne.\t hills adjoyning. either for fewel or forage, for afmuch as thofe lands 
 were the on'v tilled and well manured grounds of their appurtenances and territory. When they 
 had obtained fo much, they aflcmbkd all cheit forces on that fide of the hills, from whence they 
 
 had
 
 7 he fortieth Boo\^ ofT, Livius. 863 
 
 A bad averted the encmies,»nd faddainly with a mighty multifude charged upon the Roman camp, 
 mi affiultedall the avenues and gates thereof at once. With alUorciolerprsn'tb?y conttnLicd 
 the aff ulf in lachlbit, asthe Romans had not (o much as either time enou^htb fetforihaaji 
 difplay their enhgos.or room liifficieot to put thtir army m order of bit'el: bui -iverc cornpeHed to 
 defend their camp more by ftandirig thick thronged together sgsinft the enemies 't the verypites 
 then otbcrwifeby hardy fighting. Bur about the going down o<- the ibn vher the enemies were 
 retired, P^Ww/difpatchedtwolighc horlemen with letters io M. Btthius the Conlil as far as 
 Pifa, that b'J lliould come away with all fpeed tofuccour him, being in time of tr!;ce btfieged. 
 But ^*^;»; bad drlivercd up his army before to /»/. '/»rt*-/«j, the Prttor;. she v-cnt into 5Wi- 
 , ttia, Howbeit he both certified 'he Senat by his letters, that L. ex£w;A»/ wss iPi'^efted by tbb 
 g Ligurians, and he wrote alio to M. CJ- Atarcelins^whoic province was ncx' ad j.-inin;:, to bring 
 . over his forcesi'if he though; lb go:id)out of (74»/ in to /L/^ r/^^ind deliver L j£wv//;<,-^fiom ''ege. 
 But alas, theic iuccours (hould have come all coo htc ; f.-r thf Li^unaris the vc- v r.-'x; d.»y return- 
 ed and advanced againft the cx.r,p. zy£mjlifa, albeit he not only knew that the)- « ' '.i.Jcome bnt 
 alio might have brought his power torth into the field and ranj^ed them m arriy,yet r.e kep: bftri- 
 lelHoc'.ofe within the (Ircngthof hisrampiar, minding to hTldofi irul not; to rtgiir, unt-" 8.'.(>iks 
 might with his army come from P//<.Now the letters of Btbitts c.^ufed great fcjr at Rome : jnd !b 
 mace the more, for th« M^rctllut being retnncd to theCity, fome few diies atte. he had made 
 over his army unto F^^/«/, putthem outotall hop^jtbat tbesrmy which was in fr-j«f^ could not 
 . pol'fiDly paifo into Liguria, oy teifon ofthe war with the iPtrians, vvboim:)e3cbed theplinting 
 "(>ofche colony it Aquiltia; againll whom f<i^/«T was gonj, and might not po.sibly i«(refroin 
 thence, now that the war was ones begun. The only hope they had therefore of aiding ty£mjti;u 
 was this, ^andyettbefame(eemedtobe with the latelt, conliJering the urgent necclsityof the 
 time) in cafe the Conluls made halt to go into their privmces .• wh ch to do all the LL. of the Se- 
 nat called aloui ind eamelUy unto them. But rbe Confuls denied lii ly to !lir orse f jo: before the 
 levy of iouU;ers was fully finjlhcd ; alledgmg thit it was no: thsirfiicKnei's, bat the violence 
 oftbepliguj, which ciu edit to be In late ere It were petformsd. Yettorall this, fucb was the 
 general accord and confent ofthe Scnat, that they could neither will nor cbufe hue go forth of the 
 City in their rich coats of arms, and by proclamation ro aftigne acertiiaday, upon which all 
 the ibdldiers whom tbey had enrolled ihould l"hew at P//i ; and commil'sion they had to take up 
 j-j fubitary louldicrsj all the country over as they went, to prcfle them forth prsfcntly and have them 
 away. Moreover,thc Pretors,(iJ;P«/7««« and Q. Fahtus wets both ofthtm coTim,inded,thc one 
 namely, PetiUu/, to enrol in baft two tumultuary legions of Roman citizens, ard tender tba 
 military oath to all that were not above fiftie ycers old : and FaOiui^ to levy ofthe Latinc allies 
 fifreen thourand foot, and eight hundred horfetnen. The two Duumvirs or Wardens for the navy 
 and the ports wcrt created, namely, C. yl/j.'/fww/ .mi C. Z.«f^«««/, who were foon provided of 
 (hips ready riggedjtrimmed and iurniflied to their hands. And J/.!r/f«w,\X/ho had the charge of the 
 coiPisupon theguUofGaul, was commanded to bring his fleet vtfitb all fpeed polsibleafor'T, to 
 tothe iradiottbc Ligurians,ifbjpily he might any way Head /v.iE»;;///« and his army. Emyli.. 
 lit after he perceived that no aid appeared from any pi ce,iuppofing verily that the two f:or(em:n 
 ■ above-laid, were intercepted andftaicdby the way, thought good to put cffno longer, but alone 
 with bi> own forces to trie thi fortune ofa fight. And thereupon before the enemies came (who 
 now already began more coldly and heavily to affail them then before^ he put his men in battel! 
 array at the four gates ofthe camp, to the end that upon the lignall given, they (liould at once from 
 all parts Tally forth. To the four extraordinary cohorts, he adjoined two other, under the con- 
 dahoi' Af.raleriiut Lieutenant, and commanded them to break forth at the tall'epolkrn "ate 
 called Extrafrd'nari.i : within the gate Principxlis on the rigor hani, heembattclled the Ha- 
 ftatior lavslincrsof thciirit legion, andtbeprmcipesof the lame legion in the rearguard to (e- 
 cond them, commanded Sothby M.Scrvilutszai^ L.5«//»f »«/, K'.i msrl'hals,or Tribunes military. 
 The third legion be msrllnlled full againft the other gate Priucip.His on the left hand. This change 
 p only was here, forthat the Principes were fet in the front, and the Haftati behind in the tailof 
 them. Sex. luliusCafanridL, Aurf/utsCotta, two military Tribunes bad the Icidiri" of this 
 legion. O, Fulvius FLiccus t Lieutenant, having the conduct of the right wing, was placed at 
 the gate £{«fi?»r;<i. Two cohorts and the Triarii of two legions had commandment to ftay be- 
 hind for the defence of the camp. The Generall himlelf in periun rode all asout from gate to c^are 
 exhorting and encouraging his men .• ufingallthc forcible means he polsibly cotld devife, to 
 provoke and whet the ftojuacks of bis ibuldiers, and to give a poinant edge to their courage and 
 choler .• one whiiejtcproacbing his enemies fbr their fallhoodand treachery, who having craved 
 peace and. obtained truce ; during the time of the laid trucf, agiioft all law of rations were ' 
 Q »'ComctoaiTailthe camp: anotherwhile Hiewirgand decLiring nnto them what lliame and 
 ''indignity it was for the Roman army tobebclieged by the I-igurians, who more truly may 
 '• be accounted tbccves and robbers t ben go for warlike enemies, If (quoth he) you fhould efcape 
 " from hence, not by your own vertuc and valour, but through the help and luccour of others, 
 "with what lace fliall any of you be able to meet, iray,not thoie Iculdieis who have vanquilhed 
 " ^B«i^d^, defeated P/j///;», and lubducd /^»r;cci&«/,the mighiielt Ktn^,andgr£ateft comman- 
 '« ders. ut our age .• but even them who many a time have humeJ and chaied the very fame Ligori- 
 '■ anihkc bruit beafts,over the wilds and Ibrtefts as they fled,anci hewed them in pecces in ttie end? 
 
 E e c e That
 
 ^64 Jbefourtietb Boo\ of T. Livius. 
 
 *' That which the Spariards.thit which theGauls,th»t wbicbtfce Macedoniars and Caithaj;ii lansH 
 
 "dare not enterptifc,r,aineIy,io approach and enter upon the rampier of the Reman camp ; (hall 
 
 *'8 Ligurian enemy adventure to do ? (hall he of bis own accord prelume to befiege and 
 
 " alTail our camp, whom heretofore when we beat all the blind bufties,by -woods ard thickets, 
 
 " to ftart bim cut.we bad much ado to find5he lay (o clofe snd lurked 10 covertly ? A» thcfe words 
 
 the (ooldiers let up a confonant criein token o( applaure,and anlwcred bim witba general (hoot, 
 
 laying, there was no fault on their part, feeicgtbat nc man bsd given them the figns! ro iflue 
 
 forth and make a fally. For let bim but once fay the woid to found the tiumpef, he fhouid tee 
 
 and find, that both Romsns and Lij^urians werethe lame ftili as before-time. Nowtiie Ljgunans 
 
 kept two camps on the neer fide of the mountains affront the Roman leaguer 5 (rom whence 
 
 (for the firft daies fo Toon as the fun was up;they uled to advance their enfigns^urd march forward I 
 
 well armed srd rarlcdin baitell array ; but then they put ncatmcr upon their backs, nor took 
 
 weaponm band, before they had filled their bellies well with meat and their heads with wine.- 
 
 they came forth ^ 'S/') dilperled and cut of order ; as who hoped and truftedsirurediy, that the 
 
 enemies would not march under their enfigns without their rampicr.Againfl the (coming thus 
 
 indifrray) the Romans ilTued forth at once, out of all tbe gates in one mftant with a mighty 
 
 (hout, which not only they who were within the camp fet up, but alio the iackiesjlcullicns, lan- 
 
 deis, and other drudges that follow the camp redoubled. This was luch an unlookcd for occurrent 
 
 to the Ligurians; that they were fct.in as great an afff ight therewith, ls il they had been (urprifed 
 
 & belet all about with fuddain ambafhments.For a (mal whilethere was (ome (hew cf a conflidf, 
 
 luch as it was ; but anon they took their heels and fled for life; but as they f^ed.they left their lives K 
 
 behind them in every place. Then tbe men of arms had the fignall given to moant on horfeback, 
 
 to purfuetbern & not luffer one to elcapc alive : & (o in this featfnl rout they were driven to take ' 
 
 their camp for lafety .■ but in tbe end were diflcizcd and turned out of it illo. Thstday were 
 
 ilainot tbeLigurians riotfofcw as Jilteenihoufand, and 2500 taken prifoners. Within three 
 
 daics a{ter,tbe""whole nation of the Ligurian Ingsunes, y eeldcd abfolutely. and put in their hofla- 
 
 ges. A learch was made for all the pilots and manr.ers, who bad excrcifed piracy on tbefca,aiad 
 
 they were all laid up faft in prilbn. Sembably C ^<*tiems one of the Duumvirs or wardens cf 
 
 thenavy met with two and thirty fhips of thaclort, belonging to men of war uponthecoaltof 
 
 higuria. and i^oorded them. To carry thefe news to Rome^ nd 1 (ters to the Senat, L. Atrrkiitu 
 
 Cetta, and C.Sulpttttu Cotta were lent to Rome: who alio were to require lhitL„^mjlius(v/iitQ ^ 
 
 histime was cxpiied)msht depart out of his proviiice, and bring dii fouldiers from thence with 
 
 'bim, and lo diicbarge them oflervicc. Both theie demands were granted by the Senatj'awCaiJ 
 
 folen;n procrfsionbefides was ordemed in all churches and chappels, and at every (hrine atW^l- 
 
 tar for three daies {pace. The Prctors alio were commanded)/' <f«'/*^«5 to cafie and dimiffcthcle- 
 
 .gions of tbe City ; and Fabfia,\o remit the Latine allies the levying and mnftering of their foi^- 
 
 diers. AKo there was order given to the Pretorcf the City fortownt unto tbe CoflT. and give 
 
 "them to underllat^.d, thatthc benat thought it meet and rcaton, thaf. the fubhary louldicrs (who 
 
 were enrolled in halt for tbe fuddain tumult and »Iara))ftiould with all (peed be licer.led to dcpixi* 
 
 The fame yecr the colony of Gravifca was planted m the teiritory of 7Hfca>iy,\vk\\c\\ in hm'(:s 
 paft was corquercd from the Taiquinians jand five acres ot laud was fet out to every man. The M 
 Triumvirs who had the charge thereof to dsftribute thefe larids, wci e C. QalfHmitu VifOyP.Claa.. 
 d:fts?ftlcher,zndC. Ttrenttus Ifira. Ayeerit w as of note, in rcf^ard of the drought that hafinecf,^ 
 and th J dearth of corn and all other fruits of tbe earth, tor recorded it is, that in fix month (pate 
 it ncvcr rained one drop. 
 
 Thefatneyeet itfortun?d, tb t ascertain plow^men and labourers plowed and digged fome- 
 wbat deep within the ground, m tbe lands of L. f«;//»;3 fecretary,(wajchlandslay underthe 
 hill l.thtcfi/fttt) there were found two ct ifers of ft one, eacbof them about eight foot long antj 
 four faot broad, the lids and covers whereof were bound and iodered with lead. Both thefe 
 cherts had alupcrfcriptionupcintbeminGreekand Latinc letters to this cffed. That in the one of jq 
 them lay ba:kd Numa PomptliHS tbe ion oi ^ompo, Ibmetime Kingot ^owf.* and in the other, 
 were bellowed the booksofthe laidA'ww^. Tbeowner cf this ground opened thefe coffers by 
 tbeadvice and counfel of bis friends .■ and that which carried the title andinfcription of tbe 
 Kings fcpulture, wa^ found empty, without any fl-.ew or tokcnofthe reiiquesofa mansbody 
 ot any thing clU;, by realon the bones and all were rotten and confumed, in continuance of tirne 
 after lo many yceis part. In the other were found two fardels, wrapped within wax candles (or 
 cear-clotbs)cuntei'nng either of them (even books; which were not only whole and found, hut 
 alio fee med very frefli and new, Onelcvenof them were written in Latin, as touching the Pon- 
 lificitUlaw ! the other leven in Grcek^cntitak^, The dijeiplinecrdo^riiie of Vhtio/cphie, fuchas 
 thole daies might zSori.f^aierius \mias faith moreover, That they were the books of Tyr/j^^^'^ifj o 
 accordictr totbecoiiiman received opinion of iVi«>»^, that he wasthedifciple of ?phago>M ; 
 herein giving credit eo a probable lie, rcfcmblirig a truth. Thefe bboks werefirfl: read by thofe 
 friends of his who were prelent at the place where tbe cherts were opened ; but afterwards as 
 they came into more mens hands to be read, it chinced that Q^ Radius ibe lord chic fj-jftice of 
 the City, delirous to perufe thole books, borrowed tbem of L. \'et,lt,is, with whom he was famili- 
 arly acqaaimedjby reafonth t the ibovcnamed QutniKs Fen/ us badcbolen the fore'ad Luc^itu 
 into the dccury of the Sciibes and fecretaries. Wbo afttr he haa tead the titles with themminaries
 
 7 be fortieth BooJ^ oft, Liv'ms. 857 
 
 A tndcootcmsof every chipter, and finding the moft part thereof tending dircftiv to aboljfJi fftc 
 ftateofthe religion then eftiblifiicd, liiid unto £.. P?r///K/, thit hcpurpofcd to fling fhofcbookj 
 into the fire ; before he did I'o, he would permit him to u(e wh>t means he thought by order of 
 Uw,or othcrwil'c would ictve his turn to recorer the (aid books out of his hsnds, ind "cod leave 
 heihoald have to take that conrfe without his difplcaiure oi- any breach of friendhip'^oetwced 
 them. The Scribe or notary aforcfaid goeth to the Tribunes for their alsiltance, tbcTiibuttes put 
 the matter over to the Senat, before whom the Pretor laid pl»inly> thit he was ready to take bis 
 corporalloath, if it were to put to it, thatthofe books out;ht neither to be read nor kept Where- 
 upon the Senat judged, that for fuch a matter the oiTer only of the Preiors osth wis fufficicnt, »nd 
 that the books fhould be burned with all (peed poHibie in the open place of aflcmbliescallfd 
 B C#wir««w : but they awarded wlthall that tbey fhould be paled unto Q./>(ff>//«j the right owner 
 isaiuch mony for the books, as the Pretor and the more part ofihe Tribunes of the Commons 
 efteemtd them wotth. The Scribe would touch none of mony : but his books were burnt in the 
 fotlaid place before all the people in a light firc,madc by the ordinary lervitors atiending upon the 
 Sacrifices. 
 
 The fame fummer there arols luddainly agreat warin the higher Spain. The Celiiberians 
 hid gathered a power of five 8c thirty tboufmd men,t nainber more then ligb-ly at any time before 
 they bad levied. Now was O^.FuhtMi FUccns lord Deputy of that province. He for his pirt, bc- 
 cagle be was advertifed that the Ctltiberians put their youth in arms, had rai'ed and adembled 
 as great aids of thee jnfederats, as be could, but noffiing came heneertothecncmie in numbers 
 cot fuuldiers. In the beginning of theSpringhc led his army into ^<i'/jtff.jWM, and encamped 
 before the town £*«r<i,aftcr hebad plaintedamean garrifon within it AiewdaiesatiertheCel- 
 tiberians pitched theitteots within two miles from thence tinder a little hill. WtiembeRuman 
 Pretor perceived they were come, he lent his brother y^^irrw/ FhIvihs wuh iwoccmpamcsof 
 the horleuicn of allies in cfpial. to view the enemies camp willing him to approach as neer to thte 
 trench and rampier as he could, and to fee wba' coinpjfle the camp tooU, nut to forbear skirmifhj 
 and in any hand to retire, in ciie be perceived the Cavilry of their tnemies trisde oat agairilt dim, 
 Accordmgto th'Sdireftioo, in did in every relpcd. And lo for certain dne^ together, there was 
 nothing donej but only thele two companies of horfcmcnfhewing fiilt,and atttrwards retiring 
 - back lb loonasihcCalviIry of the enemies ilTued out of their camp. At length the Ccltiberian*; 
 jjjjillocamc lotth and advanced forward wiihall their power, as well hotie ai foot, and having let 
 .{betn in oniinanceof battell, Uaied a«. it were in the midft between. The whol- ground was a 
 fmootb and even plain, fit tojoin abattelhn. There fto-,d the Spaniards (I la\) cip (Sing their 
 enemies: But toe Roman Piecor k-pt his men within the ra<npicr four daics together ; anii 
 jhcylikewif'' of the other lideheldthc lame placeftiUitibattcll array. Ihe Romans alt that wjbi^fc 
 ftirtcd not a foot. The Cdtiberians>h';n leein^ ihs enemies ictulcd fighr, held thcmlclvcs quj?t 
 alfo within tbcir camp •• only the horfemen rid forth j and they kept icorps de gu«rd, iobe?n 
 jceadincfs if peradventure the enemies fhould be bufic and come a'voad. lioihoi theuncfide anU 
 ptbetj they went out of the back fide of their camp to purvey forage and fuel, and impeached ndt 
 ^ one another. The Roman Pretor, luppofingnow tha. after lo many daiesrelt, rheentmies wefe 
 pborn in hand and hoped fully, that he would never begin firlt, comman -ted L. /fc//;*j to talte 
 with him the left wing of the Cavalry .and fixtboufand of the provincial aiixiliaries,doci to fetch i 
 compaffe about the bill which ftood behind the enemies; and fiom thence lo loon as tdey heart! 
 a Cry, to tun down amain and cht'gc upon their camp. Andbtcaulethey might not be dilcove?. 
 red, in the night time they departed. F/4fr«; the next morning by peep ot day,fcnt out C.Scnbi- 
 nitu( acolonclof the allies) againlt the enemies camp, withhe tx raoidinary borlemenottbc 
 left wing: whom when the Ccltibcrians beheld both approaching oecr toward thcmSc alto more 
 innotnbe' then mu.illy they hadoecn, they put foitn all their Cavalry at once out ottbega es- 
 & withil,gavetheiign»ltotbe Infinity \\[q to zomz t'^zoli.S crihon «/, according to tbt di edfi* 
 on given.foibonascver he beard ibefirftnoitc and fliout of cbe hjtleraei turned tfte ncad otms 
 F horle and letircd back fullupon the camp : there witb the encm c$ followed more freely s firft 
 tbebortmen, and within a while the footmen alio, maKing full account to be matte s of the Rdo 
 man leaguer that day, and verily now were they put palt hair a mile , Waco Fltcm luppoiecf 
 that they were trained far enough from their camp, for luccouring it, he iduedfiu that once ift 
 ihecpiaccs, wi h his army arranged before in order of butell With:n, and cauied thcmtoicl 
 Dpa migaty cry, not only toanitnat the fouidiers to the co bat, but alfo ibit tbcir fellow^ 
 behind the tiill muhth arit. Who made no (lay, but prefently mi down and let upon the ene^ 
 tnu\, camp »s hey hid incharge, where there wereleftio guard not a'love five hundred arme^ 
 tnen, B) retionthrrerorc, that they vvithin were fo few, the enemies without lo many, and 
 G the enterpnle lo luddain and unlocked for, they were mightily terrified, and lo in manner witt^' 
 out any skirmifh andrefiltanceat all, their hold was forced and won. yif»//«/ let on fire that 
 part allOjWhich mighc ea ell be feen of them that were fighting in the pUiii.t«4jw the Ccltiberi-^ 
 IDS wb'cb Uood bebin 1 in toe rercguard.wcre the firft that difcovercd the flime.buc afterwards if 
 was noiled and went current througb the mainbattel^thattbdr camp were lodand all on alight 
 fire. The enemies were greatly amsted, but the Romans much more animated. Forno^* 
 Ibey might heat the Ihout of their tcUows, having the upper hand, now might theyleethfc 
 tents of their cocmiej burning with bright flamcs.ThcCelti^crians tor a wh'.leltood iiiiufp<nKd , 
 * "■ " E e e e * doubjf tiiy
 
 ^^9 ? bejmktb Book of T. L ivius. 
 
 donbtfnUwbtttodo ; but tfterwardi, perccivirg tbcy had no pl»ctotiatc »cu«t, j» upon their o 
 diiti mtirure tbc) Oicold f»ll to running a w«y, tbty (aw no cihei bcpc but m figbiirg it cui , ana 
 lotbfy ttgantoicncw ibe jkirir.(ha»itO., vi'bmote relcluiicnibtrbtftte. J'"*:*/^ '^^V,*^'^^ 
 encountred snd cbitgcd in tbt iridft of then battel by the hit legion ; but agiirlt ibe MihttV aco 
 Wii g, where they iaw the loulditrs of then ownnanon racgto fv/bocairc ;o atd fht Ki tuans^ 
 they made bttd ardadvarcedibeittnfiencs witbmortboldr.ffle artfccrfictrce. Ard\erily 
 ibit left wirgoftbeRcmaDi wasat itc ptinttc biv.-. retreated, bat ttai ibefevrntblc^ion fc- 
 ccndtd and lucccured ibtn) .-acd withall they that werelth with i, £^«r«»irgaiiifr.n,c»rrt hem 
 ibetown in the vetymidft and botrtft cftbcccrfld^; and ^c»Aa. from aioibt. pan plaied 
 onthcji bicks, Down venr'the (. tltiDtrUrsa ongtimc and were cut tn pectcs bt^wctn. As 
 many as rtmained. roadc Or.iU u.Rk and elcapeon all hands into e»tt) quarttr. The C^-jiry was j 
 lentoutahertbeatv/o waits in itverallfaands: wto alio ccnuT'treo gita llaigbttr arotx-co. 
 tion. Ibarday wctefl«iicfihe enemies about 23eco 4>oo taken priitixrs, w...n five buDdftd 
 hotfe and above ; beWes85< irilifaty tk.fig'>ts gotten from ihem and carntd away A ^reat viftory 
 this was.bu' not witbom Mrudfhed of the Ron-ans part .• for oi two Itgicns ihtie ditd icmewhat 
 more then twobundtcd.tutolLatine allies Sjoj oUbtrem aids, trnchaiou' a^cololt their lives 
 intbefteld. The Pretor then retired with bis vitionou^ amy )nt< biscwncamp. ^ciiimwa 
 comirarded to abide ftiU in that of tbcir enemies, wbicb he had forctd and Won. The p.< xi mot- 
 tow they tell to gather op tbefpoils of ibcirenem;t!> •• a, d mule who bad born i hem! eives * liiiant- 
 ly in tbar (civicc among the reft, were rew»red with gift in a >ull and treqient aflembiy of the 
 wnoicarmy. After tbis,wbei' tic is't and maimed wcrebrcugnt ba k into the fown f**r<i,fhc K 
 legions were led through the ccui. trey C.«rp«<«w<i, towards Cc«/'»^' 4. This City when it was 
 once befieged lent to the Celtiberians tor luccour ; wt they cs c rior in time .• not for any flick- 
 nels of tbcir part, but becaule ^ftc; ttey were dep»rtec! (torn horoe,5c bad entt ed on their j jur ney, 
 the ioul waitjbtndtedaiioflaidthcm, wDubthcy were not ajlt opa'sfonbe coPtinoall raid 
 thatfci ^ferand bendes,tbc waters were^ut and the rivers fwtUedlo high, that pohidlythey 
 could ncj. mc totward .• whereupon itie bcfiegcd ir:aabikant$ being in dilp»ir of help, from tlieir 
 friends, rei. dtbetown. f/«ff*/likewi(- w? icrcedby tbcltortr and tempeftuoos Wetthct 
 to put his army uicoihefame City. Now the Celtiberians who were or. foot inthtrrjouroty, 
 ind not aware that tfcti: f itnds bad lutrerdred. tt lergib hiving pafled over itic riverj Cwbeo 
 tbcraingave over andthc weather took up) camc?oCo«ir*^i<i jbutleemg nr campw tbootrbe L 
 wals, 8! c tuppofing tbiitit waseitber rcCT'oved .otheoiocr fidt, oi ihecnemicj diflodged and 
 gore, thev a^JpoIchtd thctown, and mattbed I j . fdy and retchlcfly fo ward in diiarray. The 
 Ri m.i ns laUieJ«:iUi upon tbemar two i^ates, fell uporrbcm, 'disbanded as>heywere^ and put 
 them >o the loui But lie what hapned .'tbattbirg which hisdrcd 'bemthaithey could not make 
 he«d lefiir, and I tftJeihemfeivcs to begin fight Cnamel;,bccaui<. thty ciwic not together in one 
 crt'te band, not ytt by gieat cornpanies aoout tbtir colours) 'be lani>. Itood them m good ftcad 
 toiitp irany offbeir Uvesthatfled. For they ran lo (cattering and ivcrcloi'pieaaall overtbe 
 pla nestbat in no place could the enemy meet with ibeoi in any nuniber ihick rogether, to com- 
 pals them about on every fide Howbeit i acoo of them weic kil!co,& above jeoo taken pruoncryj 
 befidcs 4C0 horfc, 62 cnfigns of war won from them. Thofe who a'ter their fltaggling fi.gbt re- xm 
 tired hooicward, met witb another troop of Celiberians coming forwaid.unto Whom they re- 
 counted the y^elding up ^.iCentri-bia and their own misfortune .• by which mctii!, th. y tamed 
 them to tu'ii andgoe backagaine, who immediatclv dipt away in tDeir villages and forts. 
 Then Flaciat depaaed from C^wre^d, and conduced bis legions ihroogb C<r///^ry»«wai 
 fting arid ipoiiing as he went •• where be forced many caftles unml the greater part of tnat coon- 
 trcy V. as reduced undtf hl^ cbiditnce. Theie affairs palfed in high Sfaw that year. A$ for 
 tbt lower piovificc, .^^Z/ib/iiw the Pretoc fought fortunatly in ccitain baitells againit the Porta- 
 g»ls. 
 
 The fame yeer a Colony of Latins was pLnted in Jquileiay within the territory of the Giols, 
 and thither were conduced three thoufand footmen, »nd every oncoMbcm were endowed M 
 witb fifty acres of land. TbeCentutions befides bad ahundred, and thcboifeiiicn a hundred and 
 forty ac'cs apccce given unto thtm. And the Commilsicners for thiscondutt ano diltnbluion 
 We\e?,CorKtliUi Scipts Na^ca, C.Flaminius, ivA L, M^ltmt Actdmtts. In which year alfo 
 two Temples were dedicatcdjthe one to ^^Aifr/ci/i-jneer ibe gate Colltna (which L, Ptrtiiiii 
 LictKius the (on of Lttcms dedicatee*, being a Duumvir deputed for ih-t puipofe, and had been 
 vowed before by L, Perciut the Conlul in the Ligurian war) the other to the goddcis fictjt, m the 
 berb market : and of this cbappell Af. Kcilitss GUbri» the other Duumvir, b d the deification j 
 where, he erefted anditt up in the hcnorof hisfatherG/<j^r^fl, aguili ftaiuc, which was ibetirft 
 gilded image that ever was made in /m/;. This (7/<i^ri0 the father was he, wbohad vowed to 
 ecirie the lard Tcmplcthat very day on which be fought the battellagainft l^./intiochHijinhtr' Q 
 mofjU, and by warrant from the Senaf, bad bargained for the building thereof at a price. Jn thole 
 dates vvherem thefe bo!y boulcs were confecrated, //. &mjliMs Paulus the ProconJul, triumphed 
 over the Ligui lai/s Irgauncs. He had born before bim in (hew five and twenty golden Coronets, 
 at befidcs them ibf re was no gold or filver elie earned in that triumph. But many principal Li- 
 gunans, men of mark, whom he took captive; were led before bis chair I-fe dealt an org his 
 iculdiets, 300 Afles apcec«. Ibe fame of tbiii triumph of bis^ was mocb siere leDconcd by
 
 The fortieth BodfiofT.Livms. — . 867 
 
 ibisoccafion.thattheLigurian Emb«(Tadors craved to hive a perpctnall peace with the Romans 
 ^ "fayingjThat their whole narion were reUved, never to take arms again, bat by commandment 
 - ," and licence of the people of Rome. Ci^ Fabius the Prcror, returned (his ar.l wer unto theai by the 
 «* advice of the Senat, That it was no news to hear this hnguage hom the Ligurians ; but it flood 
 "them upon and was befeeming rather, to carry a new mind, ^r,d the fame agreeable totheic 
 *' fpetch: and therefore they ibould go to the Con(uIs,and da by them which they were enjoined: 
 foralmuchasthe Senat would bclcevc nme but the word oi^^y of ibeConiuIs in thebehslf ofthc 
 Ligurians, as touching their true and lincere meaning to obitrve peace. Thuj was peace con- 
 cluded with the Ligurians .• but there was a battel fought mCorr:ca with thi Ifianders there- 
 in which M. Ttnartiu the Pretor flew /.ooo ofthcm tn tnc hdJ .- which defeat compelled thctn 
 togivehoftageSjindbefides looooo pound weigbtotwax. From thence the army was ccr!du(fl- 
 ^ ed into 5<«rJ«»/<»j where paffed fome fortunat bsttcls agsinit the liians, ^ nation at thisday not ful- 
 ly quieted & appeafed.hitbis very yeer alio we.-e th. hundred boltages rcndrcd back ..gain to the 
 Carthaginians; with 'whom the people of Rome made and maintair;cd peace, as well for their own 
 part, as in the behaU of K. Maf.mif^, who , t thst time with an armed gai ifon, held the poUelsio.n 
 of that territory which hxd been in quedion.The Confuls in their province (a: ftill and bad i;o:hin^ 
 to do. M. Ba^im was lent for to Rome^ againfl the generall allembly for the eledion of msei^ 
 ftrates.* who created Conluls, A, Vojlbumiut e^lhiny.t Lujjuf indC.Cntpurnim V<fo,hlt-:x this 
 were clefted Pretors TtB. ^tmpro»iHs Gracchus, A, Pifihumins Albmns^T. Cornel. Mamerciu., 
 T.Mtnuttus fJ^iolUcuhus^A. Hofltlms MMcteus,ioi C, riUyuus j and they all ent red into theic 
 .^ ^magiftracy upon the I) dayot yl/<ir(r^, . ^ 
 
 ''^V- in the beginning cf that yeer wherein J. Vofthttznus Mi/inut, and C. Calpurtiiut Pifo were 
 ^'Confuls : A. Po/fh»mius ihtCoiAa] brought into the Sen t thole perlons who were come from 
 ' j^ fulviat FUccus out of the hither province of Spai» ; to wit Z.. Mtuietms his Lieutenant ee- 
 ''^herall, and the two colonels,T. M<<»'«/and^. M<<j(7~-j/«ef^. Thefc men after tbey had made reporf 
 '■ 6f two fi elds f ortunatly fought sgainft the Celtiberi jns,of t heir countrey j celded and brought un- 
 der their lubjeftioii ; and that the term of government in that province was txpired, and no more 
 left to to be done there ; fo as there was no need either of tho ordinary mony which was wont 
 
 ■ to be :fcnt for Ibnldiers pay, or of corn to be caried unto the army for that yeer : requefted ot the 
 ? 'Senat firft,ip regard of their happy luccelTe, to yeeld honor and praile to the itnmortall gods: 
 
 _ ^ Snd then, that Q; Ftthins might depart and come his waics oat of the provinccj and bring with 
 
 "^^ him that army of his from thence, whole vali nt fervice, both himlclf and ilfo many Pretors fae- 
 
 f fbre him had ufed .• which (fay they) was not only meet and convenient, but alio reqiiilit and 
 
 ■ needfiill in a manner to bedone.-fbtalmuchastbc fouldiers were ,'b 11 iff necked and obllioat, that 
 it feemedonpolsible to hold them any longer in that province, but that tSey would be gone and 
 
 ^'(depart without licence, if they were not dimiffed .• orel.'e break out into tome dangerous fire 
 
 ''bfa mutiny, ifa man fhould go'about to keep and hold them bjck by ftrong hand.The Senat gave 
 
 ^"btderthat Z-/_^«ri<j(hooldbethe province for both Confols.- which done, the Pretors slfocaft 
 
 ® jots for theirs. To A. Hofiitiiu fell the civill jurifdiSion over the citi z.'ns- .• and to AfintiHtss o- 
 
 '" vcr the forrainers; P, Cernelius had the government of Sicily : C. Maniut of Sardinia. Unto L, 
 
 Po/?^«»»i«/Wasallo:ted the farther part of 5p.«/«, andioTi^. S£'«r;)y<;»««y the hither. ThisSe'/w- 
 
 ^E proHlas (beca'ulehe was toiucceed^. F«/'i//«s^ fearing his province n.ould be leftnsked and 
 
 diifurnithed of the old fou'dicrs," 1 demandfqd. he^of ycu, O L. AfiKtstrttsfir.ce yon bring word 
 
 ^ that there is no inbfe trouble behind ofthat province, whether you think that the Celtiberians 
 
 7^' wiU continue filtintheiralleageincc for ever, foas,thst province msybe proteftcb and heli 
 
 "'5 jn obedience without any artny at all? And ifyou cannot undertake fO a iTurc us ofthefaithand 
 
 /•ioyalty ofthefe barbarians Sidjadvifeus in any hnJ to maintain an army in thofe parts, v/he- 
 
 '^tb'er you' will o*iV3C(iunfell to the Senafjfortof^nd ifupp!y iifo.S'/(;f«thit they only lliould be 
 
 ** caffed and difcbarged.who have fetvcd out thtir fuUyeirs icqairtiby la'^r, and fo thatnew snj 
 
 «' raw fouUicrs be mingled with the rell ofthc old ,' ov that the olJ Lgions lliould full and whole 
 
 '■'• be remoi ed out of the province, and new legions t n.aled.and fcnt thither ih their Head? con- 
 
 ^'f •< ' Hdering that the I'lrall account that ulualiy is made otluc'nfrei'har.d untrained fouldiers, were 
 
 ^' enough to induce and move cv^n the more quiet and peaceable fort of Barbarians to rebel and 
 
 "thake war again ? Soon faid it is, but not focaiiiy done, to have made an end of all troubles in 
 
 ^' fuch a province, efpccially where the people arc naturally inclined to war, and. prone ever and 
 
 ^*" anon to make in(urre(Sior.s, S-^me few Cities, as far as I cm hear, and namely, thofe which bc- 
 
 '^'j'ing neerunto the louldiers lying in winter garrifon, were by the.n held in aw and kept down, 
 
 ^•^htve yeeldcd and are become fubjeft .• but they that were farther off, be in arms Hill and have 
 
 ?' weapon in hand. Which being (o, I tell you (my LLJcveri now before hand, that I will per- 
 
 '« form my fervice to the Com;i:onweal, with the help of that army which is there already at this 
 
 ^ ^' prelent;but in cafe Fluccus bring away thofe legions with bim;I will chufe thofe qu rters which 
 
 "^are in peace,to winter in, arid not hazard my yong and new fouldieirs among them, to be pre. 
 
 <''fented to the devotion and mercy cf moft fierce and warlike enemies. The Lieutenant anfwer- 
 
 '■'ed to thef'j demands in this fiianer,Tbat neither himlelf nor any man elfe was able for bis life. to. 
 
 "divine andforedeem whst wa.sin thehcarr of theCel.iberiansDow, and what they wculd^ 
 
 ^' mind and mteoa to do hereafter ; and therefore he could not deny.bu? the betterpolicy it was 
 
 ~1 J to fend an army among thcfe Barbatians(pcaceable though they leemedtobe at this prcfentjbe- 
 
 ■-"'■',' ■ Eece? cialfi
 
 ,o 
 
 Thefmietb Book of T. JLivius. 
 
 "''caufc «s yet they are inured to government, «nd cannot well skill ol being fubiefts.But whether H 
 " it be more expedient to employ new forces, as the old, it is for bim to fpcak snd fet down,who 
 *• upon his knowledg can fay,ho w loyally the Celtiberians wil carry ihemlelves in time of peace, 
 " and is witbiU aflared, that the fouldiers will hold them content and quiet, if they be detained 
 " any longer in the province. Butifa manmay conjeflute and giveagueflc what ihey thmkin 
 J' thdrbe rt, either by their grumbliug words lecrttly onetoanorher ; ortheiripeecbesmteied 
 «i n the prefence and heating of their General, when he msketb orations to them in publick audi- 
 " cnce : I tell you tiuly thtv have ciyed out with open mcutb.thst eiihet they will kep iheir Ge- 
 ncrall with them in the province, or home they will with him into /^«/;, This debate between 
 the Pretcr and the Lieutenant, was interrupted and broken off, by a new matter propounded be- 
 fore the Senst by the ConJuls, who thought it meet and reafonable, that order ftiould be taken for I 
 their own furniture and fettn g forth with men, mony, and munition to their provinces, before 
 any thing were fpoken or treat of as touching the Pretor his army. So, ordained it was, that the 
 Cofl. fht'uld have their entire army of new fouldiers, to wit, each of them|wo legicm of Rom. 
 citizens with their c.valry, together with the u(uall and accuRomed number at all other times 
 of Latine allies namely, i<jooofoot and 800 horfe. And with this power they had in charge to 
 make war agsinft tbcLigurian Apuans. As for P. Cerndius and M. Bal>,Hs,ibey continued aill 
 in place of command; and were willed to hold their provinces, untiU tbeConuiis were thithec 
 come. Tbenthey were commanded to difchargethe army which the> had, and lotoreturn to 
 Rome. After this, Ipeech there was concerning the army oi Tib, Semf roams -, and the Confuls bad 
 warrant to enroll one new legion, confiding of five thouland and.'A'o huiidred foot arid4oo K 
 horle.-ove andbefides, 1 coo footmen, and 50 boric ot Ruman citizens. Ukewife the Ufinc na- 
 tion was chatgeo Witn a levy ofjaoo foot and 300 horlc.With which army if was thought good, 
 that T.L Scmprmiui (liauici go into the higher province of Spam. As for Q^. Fuhiw, be was per- 
 mitted to bringback with bim (it bs thought well thereof; ailtboielouldicis, ss well Romans uS 
 allies, which bad been tranlported over into 5f4(« before the Cunlullhip oi6p. Pojihumiitszni 
 Q.Marcifti : and m^re then that (after anew iupply was coihe) tbelurpluJage in twol«gion$a- 
 bove nootoot, 8(11-' 600 horfe, and the over-plus of laooofobtmenot Latms, and (ix hundred 
 hoiftmen ; and namely, thofc whol't valorous fcrvince C.Fulvtttthii tried and found in two bat- 
 tels againft tUeCebiberians. Moreover, folemn procefsioni acid thanksgiving were by authority 
 ordainedjfor hi ,- happy managing ok the affairs of the Common-vyeal; & then the reft of the Pre- L 
 tow were (em into I htir provinces, C{,F<j^/)i«j^»ftf« had bis commilsion renewed to govern C7a//»Vi 
 Jlill.Thus it was agtted in the Senit-houic,tb3t there Qwuld be tight legions maintained and kept 
 in pay th t y cet, over and above the old army in LtgurU., which w. s in good hope fhonly to be 
 dilmiffed. Howbeit eventh ie forces (being no greater then they were) ftardly could be made 
 full and con pleat by reafonof the peftileoce which now three years bad raigned, and dispeopled 
 the C^tj of Kcr,ie and all Itatj. During which plague the Pre tor T. //;««//«», and not long alter 
 bim- the Coniu! CCa/furniuj dkd : witbmsny other brave and famous pctfons of each degree 
 and quality. So^as at length thele men began to hold this depopulation and calamity for a piodigi- 
 oustoken and ftrange wondci. Whereupon C, SevviUiui the Arch-billiop waschaiged, tofearcb 
 cut mc ars for to appeal'e the wrath and anger of the go Js ; and the Decemvirs like wife to perufc y^ 
 the books of Sib)lU : the Col", to vow certain pi efents and oblations, to Dan Apollo^ A^fenlafiut 
 and Lady * Salm, snd to let up their images aarniflied with gold.- which he vowed and ereded 
 accordiogly.The Dcceutvirsproclamed lupplications Sr praiers two dales together for the health 
 ok the pLuplc, throughout the City, and in all market towns and places of frequent refort and al- 
 lenibly.Al above twelve yeers of age,worechaplets& garlsndsof flours upon their heads,& bare 
 branches of iawiehn their hands, whiles they were at thtir praicrs & devotion.Moreover,therc 
 wai crept into mens heads a iufpicion that fome devilifh and wicked hand might be the caufe of 
 all ihis.Wheiupon by an ad of the Senit,a commi/sion was granted tw. unto C.Claudms the Pre- 
 tcr (v;ho was fubfiitated and cbofen in tbe loom cf T.Mintitini)\.o make fearchand diligent in- 
 quifi. ion after all confeflions of poiibn & the prafl ifers thetof,;within the City & for thecompafs ^ 
 of ten milts about it every way : In iikc maner, to C. MxnmsJ^QX to fit in the erquiry therof ^be- 
 fore be crcHed over- lea into his provii=ice of Sardinia) in all the mart-towns and pi ices of a(Tem« 
 b';y which were more then ten miles off,from Rome.Oi all otbersjthe Conful bis death was moll 
 fuipefted. Vor giv.nout it was, that OitaTta Hofiiliahh wife, had murdered him ; but when be 
 was reenorce,th!it htrovvn (on Q Fnlviuj Fiaccns^w&sdedKed Conful in place ofbis father in 
 law and moihsrs hnsband. tbc der.hot Pifo the Conful began to be more infamous and fufpicioas 
 a great d.al then before. And wiuieffes there came forth ready to depofe, that after A^^'»«J and 
 /*//« were pronounced Coolulj (in which elf iSion the (aid FUccus was tejefted and lufFered a re* 
 pulfe; his mother reproached hiai tbeiewitb, and laid it in hisdifh, that this v;as the third time 
 that he I'u^d for tbe Copfuifliip and gone without .• adding moreover^ and willing him to be rea- q 
 dy to flaid ioT it again, for that fhe would woik at>d bring it about, that withintwo months be 
 fnould be Conlul. Amoni; other tctlimonies and depofitions making for the caule and tending to 
 thetame, thit ipc' the rh^rsalfo, taking tffctfl too truly and fojuftwiibin the time, was thought 
 lufticient to condemn HoTlilia. 
 
 In the bei^innir.g of this ipring, whiles the levy of fouldiers ftaied tbe new Conful at Rome, 
 whilesthcde thof the uncandtbe choofing of the cihec into their place, caufed allthing there 
 
 to
 
 7 he fortieth Boo\ ofT. Livius. 869 
 
 A fo go more flowly forward ; in the mem time P. Cor»elius,tnd M.B^f^im who h»d done nothinf? 
 worthy ot the reasembrance daring the Conlblfhipjlcd their armies agjiolt the Ligurian Apuans 
 Thsfe Ljgarians, who before the coming of the Confuh into the province looked for no war" 
 wei'e I'urprized at unawares, and to the number of 12000 oi them yeelded : whom C»rnei:Hs and 
 B£iiMsrtio\^tA (uponadvice bid firftwith the Senat by letters^ to tranlport .'"rom theinouncainj 
 into plains and champian cjontrcy from their own home; to the end they iliould have no more 
 hope to return , for other wi(e they fuppofcd the Ligurian war would never have an end. Now 
 there was in the Samniis country s certain territory bclongmg in common to the people oiRtmt 
 which fometimrs had been in the tenure and poffelsion ot the laurafms. In which place they be- 
 ing detirous to plant the Ligurian Apuans. pubiifhedanedicfl, That they Qioulddelcend down 
 B the mountains J^niios, together with their wives and children, and bring away withtbem all 
 that ever thry haJ.Butthe Ligunans I'enr their Embafladors ot"ientimcstointreat,(hat they might 
 not be forced to abandon their don.cfticall gods, the place of their nativity, and the (epul- 
 chrcs of their a'-cellors; and ili.-rewith promiled todelivcr uptheirarmor,8ndtoputin bcffagey, 
 Howbeit, leeingthcy c^aldnot yrf vail, anihv/ngnot Itrength and power enough to wage war 
 again, they o'ceyedtheediifVandDroclamation. So there wastranflaied from thtnceat thepub- 
 licK charges of th^ City,fothe(. umber of four thoufand perlons free born, together withtheic 
 women auii c:r::'dren .• and unto tbeiv. was allowance made of 150000 Sclterces, toward tha 
 building ot new houlcs. And for to diHribute and divide land among them, the fiine men(to wit, 
 Corr.eltii! and Babms) had commifsion 5 vho alio removed them into thofc party. Howheit at 
 C the reqatft of tfaele i wain, there were Q^nqucvirs or five comtr.iistoners ai'sillants granted i;nto 
 them by the Senat, ►^y whole advice the} might manage all.Thele affairs being finifhcd, after they 
 had brought with them to ^owf their oid ai my, they obtaincJ of the Senic a grant: to triumph. 
 And f heic were the firft that ever triumphed iJcira ie no war bcbre.Only the enemies were led in 
 fhc A^ before their chariot ; for nothing had the/ :;?i!)cd and won for to be caried or led in pomp; 
 PLirher was there ought to be leen in their triumpr.s, whichmight be dealt and given among the 
 fouldicrs. 
 
 The lame j eer Fulvius Flaccus the Pretor in Sfain^ by occafion that his fucceffor flayed long 
 ere he came into the provincejbrougbt forth bis army into the field out of his wintring camp, ana 
 b.'gan to wad and fpoil the farther parts and territories of Cf///^<rr« : from whence tbeinhabi- 
 p tants came not in to lubmit and do their homage and fealty. By which deed of his, be rather pro- 
 voked and angred the barbarous people,then terrified them : for when they had fecretly gathered 
 together certain forces and conioanies, they bciet and barred the paflage MauJianum, by which 
 tbty were afllired that the Roman army would pslTe. Ai L, PoflbHrnius -^/^/wx was upon his 
 journey into the nether province of S^m?/, Gracchus biscolleaguf charged him to advertiie £^«/«- 
 /«;frf^;«jfortobringh!sarmy tJ T<?rr<«f^«, for that be propolcd thereto dilchaigc his old foul- 
 diervo diftributc the (upply which he brought,& to range in order al his aruiy by companies.No- 
 ticcalfo was given to f /<;£•£•«/ of the very ity (which was t^.eer ath^ndjupon c hichhisfuccefloc 
 would come. This new occu'ent caufed FImcus to lay afiJe thoie tnteipriles which he intended, 
 and in all baft to withdrav/ hisforcesout oiC'ltibcrta, The baib.tous people knowing not the 
 p caufe hereof, butfuppofiogthathe had fomeinklingoftheirrevclc. and ho,v they bad in (ecrttta- 
 ken arms, and that 1 hereupon be was fore afl.aid, guaidcd &;id (Icpped the piflage I'o mjch mora 
 tfteightly. Now (0 foon as the Romjn army was cmred into the pslle one morning betimes at 
 the break of day, the enemies arofe faddainly , c once out of two patt£,and charged the Romans: 
 which when FUccus perceived, he gave commsndircnt by theminilkrycf tbeCeturions, caat 
 every man fhould keep his place and (land bis ground, to have his arms and weapons in rcadi- 
 ncffe ; by which means he appealed the tun.ult and itf right in his holt. Then tfier he bad 
 brought all his labouring beaRs with the baggage^ unto one place he embatteiled anJputin array 
 alibis b-ndsand companies, partly by bimlclr m petfoo, and paitly by hi^Litutenarus and colo- 
 nels, according as the ground and the time required, flie wing no lign at all or" fear, but putting 
 F his men in mind of tr.e enemies, in ihefe terms :" Ye have (quothhe) todo withthofe that 
 "twice already jeeldtd have yeelded unto us, who are inured andpradifed flill in wickedne/sSi 
 '■ perjury; not bettered in vertue and courage .-tholeCI fay^wbo ate like to make cur return bon-e 
 '' honorable and glorious, which otherwifc would have been obicure and nothing memoTsble : fo 
 ' as vve fliaiicairy io7?»»;ff fora triumph, oor lufcrds all bloudy and newly bathed in the green 
 " wonndsandfrefn millacre cf our enemies; and bcare away the fpoils o( their bodies, all cm- 
 »^bruedand llill dropping with their bloud. Time would not permit him to lay any more,forno\v 
 the enemies advanced forward,and the charge was already given in theutmoUskiiti of the army, 
 and anon the main battels cncountied and joynedconflidi. The fight was hot andcruell alike in all 
 3 parts, but the fortune divers.' for the Roman legions in the main battel! fought v«li4n(ly, and the 
 two wings of cKhec hand did their devoir as bravely. The auxiliary ftrangcts badtodtal with 
 enemies .irmed in deed at all pointi like to tbemfelves, but better Ibuldicrs by cds then they wcrcj 
 in lucb fort, as they were ovcr-cbarged by them,ai;d could not make good thcirgro.und.l heCel- 
 tibunns perceiving they were not able to match tbeicgions in langcd battell and clofe hand- 
 fight, cafl their companies mto a pointed and coin-tormea batfsillon,toi to pierce perforce and en- 
 ter upon their cnemies.-in which maner of fight they are 10 it rong,toai it is not poisible to withlf md 
 them, whercrover they give tbcir violent charge. And then the legions alio were put in difatray, 
 
 ai]d
 
 ^ - I ■ fi ■■ II tmt - r ■mr 
 
 ^70 The fortieth BooJ{ of T. Livius. 
 
 «nd the whole main battel after a lort, was disbandoned and broken. Which diiorder srd fear- H 
 fulltrouble when f/<3cc«f perceived he rode a gallop to the legionsty ixencfstnas : What ? (qd. 
 be pnto them j is there no help at all in you? and fliall this atir.y htrcbe ibusdcfcartdntttily and 
 come to nought j" Whereat they cryed on all hands to him to gi^e direfiicn ard <pcsk cnly the 
 word what he would have dooe,& he (hould Ice how tbcy would befiir ihemlelvcs in the execu- 
 cion of his command. " Mary (quoth hcj double your troops, ycu that are thehorfemcn of two 
 "legions.and runyourborfes with full carrier sgainft that wedge-formed batiailcn of the ene- 
 " aiics,whercwith they prsffe upon our men ; and this fhall you p? rictm with the more vick r.cc 
 of ycurhorles, if youdisbridletbcm sndlet them have full head, incloltt ffutsandmfh iria- 
 "mong them; which wcfcave re; din llories, that the Rcnans msny a limehavf pr:Qiftdto 
 "their great prailc and honour. No fooner faid, but done it was ;p!uclit were the biidlescverj 
 their horfe heads; twice they ran through the naidsof them 10 ard fio frcmcne fide to another, 
 brake ail their lances upon the enemies, overthrew them: and made fcul work and Daughter a- 
 mong them. When this pointed battaillcn oi the Celtiberians was once broken, Ceven the whole 
 and only hope they had; J then they began to fear and tremble, then werettey at thtpoirtto 
 quit the fight, and io look about them which way to take their flight. The extr ordinary CavaU 
 ry in the out- wings(feeing fo brave a fervice performed by the Roman horfmen^ were enkindled 
 and incenfedby their valorous exsmple>and of their own accord without attendance of any mans 
 commandment) charged upon their enemies,thus disordered and in disarray already. Then the 
 Celtiberians ran away and fled on all hands. The Roman General feeing them once turn b ack 
 and (hew their hin-parts, vowed to build a chappell to Fortu»a equeflrit^ and to exhibit gatnCS K 
 in the honor of /,<jf^ Opt. Max. The Celtiberians, thus disbandoned and (caitered in the rosit 
 all over ;the length of the ftreightpaiTagr, were killed and cut in pecces. It is recorded that there 
 
 . ! , died that day fevcnteen tbouland cnemies,and were taken priloners alive more then three tboii— -^ 
 i'nd, together with 27 field cn()gns,and well neer eleven hundred horfei.For that day, the viffo- 
 rious army lodged within no camp atJ-.ll: yet was not this viflory fodeer.butit coft thenitbe 
 lode of fomc (ouldiers ; for of the Romans wert flain four hundred feventy and two; of allies^'and 
 namely ofLatins) 1019 j and together with tbem>aidlouldiers three thouland. Thustheatrriy 
 having by this good hand recovered their ancient honor and glory, was conduded to Tarrac9it. 
 Ttb. Semprentvsthe Victor^ (who Was arrived two daies before) went out to meet t*ilvius\a \ 
 the way as he came, and fhewed how he rejoyced on his behalf, for this good managing an^ L , 
 , happy atcbievingtbe affairs of the commonweal.- which dane, they agreed together with gre« 
 
 ^siJiolibwr accord as touching the fouidicrs, namely, whom to cafle and lend away, and whom to i;etiip 
 ftilin fervice.Tfaen Ftilvim having fbipped the louldiersthat were difcharged,tookbisjourney to^- 
 ^flwf rand i'tf««pre»/axcoRduclcd the legions into C(f//<^«r/4, '' 
 
 Both the Coniuls led thcit forces laioLiguria, and entred the countrey in tvyo divers quarteriB. 
 '^eJlbHmiKi with tfie firft legion and the third, belet and invefted the two mounsai.ns,2^4/;7?4^and 
 Suifmor.tium, and foftreightly he kept the narrow pafles of thole parts with his gairilons-. that 
 be cut them tff from ;llvicluils, ana taiiitd them withextream icarcity and want otall tbjpe& 
 Eul' ius with the ftcond legion and the fourth^aftct he bsd aflailed the Apuan Ligurians frotj^t^g 
 coaft oi Pi/t, received ftibmifsioD and homage ofas many ol them as inhabited aDout thetiv^^i j^ 
 M»cra ; and when be had embarked upon fcven thoufand of them, he fcnt them over to j^a^K/, 
 ccaSingalosig the Tufcanfea.rrom whence they were broui^ht into the Ssmnitscountrey.andji 
 certain territory afsigned theni to inhabit amopgft the reft of tbir country men. As for A.pjfi^itr '■ 
 mms,hQ (utdovvn the vineyards, and burnt the corn ofthe Ligurianmoun?ainers, fo longj^qtjU 
 ibey were driven by all mancr of calamities following war, to come in and fubmit,yea, fnd|0 
 deliver up their armor and weapons. From thence /'(7/?(&a/w/)»^ aepatted andtook ther<fa,:b^-^ 
 caule he wcuJd vifit the coafts of the Ligurian Ingaunes and Intcmelians. Now, before that thcfe 
 Coniuls came to the army which was appointed to meet atf/p/it chanced ^ ./'«y?/&«w««j-,&.,^. 
 FttlviHsNobiitor^K'at brother 01 Q. FhIvihs^viqk the commandcrs,and bad the conduft thereof^ ^ 
 This Fuivrns wai a Colonell of tbs lecond legion, who during thetime of thole months, whercia { 
 by turn he had the command and charge thereof, dimifTcd that legion, having bound theCentUj 
 rions by an osth^ that they fnould n?.ake paiment back of their vvage-mony well and truly to the .{ 
 Q^cilors in the chamber and treafury of Rome, Notice hereof being given to ^«. VofihuTKiusfi 
 Vtace>itiay{{ox thither it hapned that be was gone) he rode after thofc called fouldiers, and par- 
 lutd them wich a company of light borlemen. Asminyof them as he could overtake, aftei he 
 hid checked and rebuked them for their fault,ha brought to P«/<sj ofthe reft hegaveinforn)>,tion 
 to the Conful. Who put the matter to qacftion, and after it had been debated in counfel, an aft of 
 the Senat paflcd againft the faid yW.f»/t««;, that he (hould be confined and lent into Sf .?/« beyond 
 new Carthage. And letters he had given him to carry from the Conful to V.Manlitts into the far- q > 
 tber province of 5p.i/«. As for the fouldiersCjhey were commanded to return again to their colours, 
 and lur an ignominious difgrace of that legion, ordamcd it was, that for a full years pay they . > 
 ihould becontcnt and take up with fix months wages. And look what fouldiers rep ired not U? 
 t he army accordingly, the Conlul bid warrant and commifsion to m^ke fale of bim and all tbM 
 he had. ^ 
 
 -, J.J • '^^^ '*^^ y^*^"^ ^- ^"ron'Ht, who wasreturned with ten (hips to BrHnduRtim from out oflU^ 
 
 mfc'wCwhetehfi fat as PretorJ the former yecr)leaving bis ftnps there in the tode,c8me to K*j»*: 
 
 .1 £« w *»«*\»V4C> %«u«w\ .^ ,«3jgii3 oat ztaJ(j tij«noi ai 9Miii{ Um bioi inwf
 
 ThefirtmbBooliofr.hiwius. "^^^^^^^""^7^ 
 
 A where in difcourfing of the iSsby him donc,he laid tbe whole fault of all the recovery and pira- 
 cyatfeaupon <Jrw»*/ theKing of thelllyriani, faying, that all ihcfhips which bad lien upon 
 the coaft of the Adrittick fca. came out of bis realm. For which he bad lent Emban»dors to com- 
 "plain, but they could never rind means to fpetk with the King about it. Now they were Embal- 
 fadors arrived at Rome from Ctnttnt, who avooched.that when the Romans came for to parle 
 with the King, he hapned to be fick in the moft remote parts of bis kingdoa.c •• and tberfore G>«- 
 nwtheir King and roaftcrrcqucfted the Senat, not to give credit to tbole falfe acculations add 
 forged flandcri which bis enemies had raifed and informed againlt him. But Durof funWcdetd 
 moreover, that djvers and lundry perlons, as well citizens of Rome as Latinc allies within bis do- 
 minion, bad received many wrongs; yea, and by report certain Roman citizens were ftaied and 
 B detained at Corc^ra. Whereupon it was in counccll thought good thai they fliould be broupht t6 
 Rome, and that C.C/4i»i»»/ the Prefer fhould have the hearing cf the matter, betorefgchtimcno 
 anl wer would be given unto King OemiHt or bis EmbaiTadors. 
 
 Among many otbersthat the plague tbisyecrconiumed, certain prieOs andpreljts alfodietf 
 and naTitly, L. yaleritu FUccm, a bifhop,in whole room wascholcn Q^. \F,ti>„,s Laheo. AUb p 
 AfAtiiks one of three Triumvirs for the celebration of the holy feafts. In whole ftead O. Fulvi- 
 «/ f he Ion o'lMarcms was clcdlcd Triumvir.He was at that time very* y ong,and not out oThjs cm- 
 broJercd Prtctexta. But as touching the King of facrificers, who was to be chokn in pljc of C» i ^"""■'^'""^'^ 
 Correlms DeloMa. there was debate between C. Scrvilmt the Archbifhop, and Cornehui Do'.^hloTZ'i' 
 iobeU4 oneot tbc DuuMivirs for the navy. For when the uilliop would have had him to tf fign that ""dcnyjccr. 
 office, that he might coniccrate and inaugural h m the King (acrifictr, he refoied lo to do For °* '^'^' "'"^ ^° 
 C which cauie the biihoplet a round fine on the Duumvir his head. Then DeUbtU.i appealed to the ^(!^^ "'*''' • 
 peoplejand oetoretoemit was, tobetrifd,whethenhe faid tincfhould betakcncfforpaicd^Nowciwenr^f '"he 
 when mottof the tribes called into the rails tot to give their voices, advifcd the f^uumvir to obev ^» ''"^'^ : <"■: 
 tbe bilhop, and warded the fine to be pardoned and remitted, in ca'c be would girc over that ^'"""'"'^' 
 office which he bad.benold it lightned at the very inftant from he8vep,wbich is the only o,i jnous ^""'''^ '"'*''** 
 fign that mtetrupterbraeaflcmolics of the people. Whereupon thi Colkdg of the biOiops made rr'-ndu'Don 
 fcrapleof conicicnc'toiinugurate 0tf/^^<r*4, but they €on(ecrattd/>.C/w//A/5/f/»/*/, who bad 'hi' ^ (hould 
 been lacrcd m tbc iccotid piace.In the eod of the year C. StntUtnr Gemmus liKewilc the Archbi- '*'^'" '■^* '"''* 
 fliop himfeltdepartcd tins world, wboalio wasone of thc'en Dectmvirs deputed for the hoi v """''' °^ '"' 
 ceremonies. AadQ^Ffiv,Hs FUchs, wasby the colledgoftbcbiil^op^, defted biOiop in his ^cXnicnhi 
 D room. But M. ^mjltta Leptd s was created the fovctoign Poniifee.notwithlandinp many no- thjtdifo.dsr, 
 blc perlons made fuit tbcrtore. Like wile (XMmtHs Thilif, a Decemvir for the hoi) myUeries 
 who choien in his piacc. Morcovef,tberc oecea.ed S^. Vofihumim an Augur, in whole ileaJ 7>* 
 Sc$fto the ion oi Africanus was cledcd ov tne Augurj.Thc famo year granted it was to the iniia- 
 bitants of C umes, at iheirown tequefl and petition, ihattbey might cummonlv Ipeak La'ine •' as 
 alio to fhepu. lick criers, to make pottlale of goods in the Latinc tongue. The Scrut gave thanks 
 »otbe Pifjnsfor the offer they madcof lands, wherein to plant a Color.y oj Lawns.A^i ihrtc Tri- 
 omvir s >r Coirmifsiooers for that bnhncls were created, namely, QlJFAbius Bmeo, Marcus and 
 VutI *j, both named Pofiliu,, and both furnamed Ltnas. Letters were di ought tron At. Mce mi 
 tbr k'leror (who having the government allotted untohiinof S4r^/»M, hao commiision alio to 
 £ enquire attet tbc ptaftife of poyionicg in an phccs,rvOt ^vitbin ten milts of the City of Rome)im- 
 porting thus much, tb«t he had condemned already 3000 perlons, andtti ttheintormations and 
 preientmeots mu:tit)!ied daily, by realign of new matters dilcovcredflill, ana thciforc either hd 
 was to give over that inquilition, 01 to tcfign up his province Sardinia. 
 4 Q.. Fmlvitts f/-i(rc»»nctatnedoutof5/>flWio i^r.me with great h>.>iiour for his afts there atchie- 
 Ved. Wdo reniaining yet withoot the City, becauic of his triumph, was created Conlul with L 
 M*nbus ActdinHS, and within few dales after, lodecrinmpbaut loto^awe, accompanied Witb 
 hisloaldicrs, whom he had brought home with him. He can icd in triumph a ivo *«olden co- 
 ronets. Mo, eovfcr in gold 31 pound weight, belidei 17 ji^oopeeces of coin in Ofcanlilver. He 
 dcalttobis I'ouldiersfitty Denariipeeces out of th.bjoty and pillage which he bad gotten* Td 
 ? etery Centurion ue gave it douDle> and to the gentlemen ct Rome that ferved on borsDack.iriple 
 , The li kc he did by the Latin allies, and 10 all in i^eneral be paied double wages.This year waj tbd 
 lawiiiU propoied by Z.. /«//«/ a 1 rib. of the Com. astoucbing theycerof theagc requifit aod 
 meet for ro lue for any publick cfficc, or to excrcife the fame. /\nd hereupon it came that the 
 
 Whole race of that family w»s iurnamed*>#'!»<i/#/.Many yeers after there were created' four Pte ■ • • 
 
 tors according ro ibc law£4;^»4,which provided that there Ihouid be each other year four chofen" *• ^^''''^' ""^'^ 
 And theie were ihey who were firlt elefted, namely.C».0;«.-/;«/5<-/^,«,L.r4.Vr/«;Z*r/«», o' 'rom "Zl'^T 
 and /V/.b "h .jamed ^*t<i, and both furnamed Sc<W4, ' ?nd ciijer ro 
 
 commar.d and 'nduftot the lame armies which they had. And for to fumilli them out^the Con • ^^ "^"f comeiH 
 ia\s wcic cr/ -d to enroll three ihouland footmen, and three hunorcd horefmen of Romans '''^ gf>id c»r<». 
 like wile five t r;ou.and toot of Latin allies and tour hundred hone. P.Mhcihs Sceve/a by lot bad tbc '^'^r""' 
 civil juri d d.ui v-abin tbc Cityof^owf, and commiision toenquireinto tbc dcvilhlh arf oi CcUctllld Hr' 
 poyfoning ootb withm the Ciiy, .nd within tbecompade ottcnmilcs, C».Or«r//)i./5c/W w/<,or^;^-^; 
 WSii lord chief ju iicc infortain pleas and caulcs, Q. Mmim S'cevoU was lord deputy oiSicty''* 
 
 «h4f
 
 -— : — ^ >Mk. 
 
 ^jt J be fortieth Boo\ 0/ T. Livius. 
 
 ■cd C. rtUriiis in S^ird ma. Q, Pnhxtu the Ccrfol, t ef ore ib»i he w tnt in fcard wji h «ny ai. H 
 furs of Stitc, (aid he w t c!d tcib difchaigc biiricU ard slfo the City of the duty to Gcdw»id, jn 
 pertormirgthevovicsubicbbebad jnade. He declared ibat en thai veiy day wkerin he fought 
 hisUfi bactell wiJhthcCeltiberisns, he had aisde a tow totxbibif giiresiojhcbcrcutof ibat 
 Bcnmighty andgiacicusgcdy*;i/rfr, ir\A\\Vtvi\ic\oi\iM*ii.tt^\t\ormnf!dtqutfiru : ind 
 tow ibetcto the Spaniards bad cortnbuied cttiair (cms of ir.ory. So a decree p»lud,tbat ifaofc 
 plaics (bould be let forth : srd iwo Duuirivirs cfeoltn, to give cider srd baigun Jci tb-e edificaiion 
 oftbe iimet«trple. Liktwife there was fet down acetts;n (tint of nory tcbe ditbutlcd forthe 
 defraying of the charges .' to wit, rot exceeding that fcrr. in the foltir.ntiy of ihepidus, which 
 was allowed unto Fulvius Ncbilier, when he exhibited the like fpotts after ibt end tt the Atoli- 
 inwar. //rf», thatforthefregmeshefhculdnot fctkorfcndfor, p«ihersrd raile, receiveordo I 
 anything, contrary to the Ad of the Senat, wbiehintbc limeci L *yi mjiitu trcCK. Btinus 
 Confuh was made aj icucbirg (ucb paftimes. This decree the Sent crdnOfd b) occiiior otihe 
 fuperfiucus and excclsiveexpirfcseroploied atom the piaies c\ 1 .St npr»tt»s tit AdUe ; which 
 were very chatgcablcnot only to Z/*?// and the Laiine allies, but illo lofonain piovinces. The 
 winter this year was vei> fharp, by reaJonof liow, and allaannet oUtcnpeituons weather. Tie 
 trees that were tender and Jubjeft tofroflardcold, were all blafledar-d killed ;btr!des the win- 
 ter leafon continued mocb longer then ordinaiy in other yetrs. And tt eieupoofbefeiiivalHo- 
 le.vn-ty of the Lafine holidaies were (o troubled and diibrdercd by a luddamand infcpportable 
 ftorm and temped upon the hill Qyi/^«] that by an ordinance of the B.fliops, it was celebraCed 
 igainibe It cord lime. Tte lame leirptft tsfi ccwiiteiiairimeesir ibe Cspitol, anddisfiftO-K 
 red very many places with thunderbolts and fla(bes of lightning. It overthrew the temple of ^w- , 
 ■ fiter in Tarracina, the white temple at C/ipua : Item^ t be gate there c^ilco K m<ina.%ri<i the u«» 
 llcmenis of the wals in divers places. Among ibcfewondious prodigies it was repotteo alio 
 from Reate, that airule was foaled with three feet. For ibis caufe the Decemvirs werecoaif 
 mandedtogotothebooliscf 5/^^tf<t: ard cutofihat learning they (hewed to what gods lactific« 
 fhould be Diadc,& what number ofbealls was to be killea. And becauie m&ny places were with 
 lighinirg defacedjtbey ordained that a iblemn fupplicaiicr. (hould be holdcn one whole day in tbe 
 temple of y*^ir«rr, Thisdone, the forelaid games and pliies which Q.Fiilvim the Conful bad 
 vowed, Were with great magnificepce eahibiied for ten dales together. Afteribis followed the 
 eledion of eheCcnfots, wheiein Ai. t/£n!jifUJ Lej)fambt Aich-bfhcf^tnd M. Fulvutt N«t L 
 ii/wr, who bad triumphed overthe j£iolians,were created. Now between tbefe two mep^tbeto - 
 bid teen notorious enmity, ofcentimesteftified and fliewed in many fharp and bitter debates, 
 both the SeDtr, and alio before the people. When this elcdion was ended, tbe two Cenfors ac- 
 cording lothe ancient ufeand cuftcme, fat upon their ivory chairs of eftate in .-W^r/ field, ncec 
 the altarof /l/^rJ.To whomibereloon repaired tbithci,the principal Senators, acconopaDied with 
 f. ironpbef^dcs of citizens -and among the rcfljQ.C<ec</'»^ j^/«f^/»/madca(pcech totbiseSedb 
 The o -ti '^'^ miliets, you that arc Cer.lcrs we have rot foigctten thatjcu ere- while were chofenby 
 oiMttcn'u Tb "'^'^ univetfal body of the people ofRcme^io be fupennfendenii and wardens over us fosout turn* 
 !iic Ccn;o:i, " "Cfs and bebaviort and that it becomeih us to be taught,admanifhcd, & direded by you,aad ooc 
 
 *5)oubyus. Howbeit weought to tell ard declare, whittbereij inyoo, that cither is offenfivc j^ 
 " to all good men, or at Icaftwife which they with were amended. When we behold and con- -' 
 ''der you (everally part, either you.O M.^fiw^/zw/, or you iW.fK/i/ijiM^we bive rot ibis day jotbft " 
 <' City o I Rene any men, whom if were called to a new (crutiny for to pafle our voices again, we 
 "would prefer before }ou to this office and place of dignity. But when wc lee yen both together, 
 "we cannot cbuic but much doubt and fear that ye are very bacly matched andccupUdafi^m- 
 ''panions ingovisrnment : & that tbe common-weal (hall not receive To much good by ibis, TlMt 
 " yeplcalcand likeusall lo well; asfuffainharminthis, Tbst youdi(plealeaoddiflil<eoneai>o- 
 "tbci. Ibete many ycers together, tdere hath been great heart burning and much malicebe«: 
 "tv^ccnjouano the ramemull needs begrievrus and fcurttuU unto yoorfelves : but now itisto 
 (^befcacd t at from this day forward,! ha' rancor will be more prejudicial to us & tbe commoQ>.M 
 "weal, tbeiiunioyou. Vpon what motives and caule wc arc thus fcarfull, much wc could lay^. T 
 <c luttbatperadventuieyour irteconcibie an^er isfutb, as hatblnaied and poflcflcd wholly youc 
 %lpirits and minds alrcaoy. Tbefe quaireis, jars, and grudges of yours. We all in generall wooU 
 •■ requeft youhcaitily to end this day, andinthis very temple whcrin we are aflembled.* and 
 «i fincc tbe people of ^owf 6y their voices bive conjoyned youinone ofice ; luffer yourfelve*" 
 icbyuitobe linked & reconciled in pcrfetft atonement .With one mind and accord,witb one heart 
 It & counielcbuietbe Senat; review tbe Cavalry andKnigbthood of.fitf»;f; number tbe citizens; 
 (. adiilc their goods ; purge ai:d clcnfc tbe City ; & finally ccn trnmate the folemnity of tbe ceofa 
 t' Witba (acnhce. Andwbcrcasin allyour praicrswell-neer.yelKaliufetbisordiBary formof 
 , , tf Woi<i'>, 7 hat 1 1) 14 I hi H£^ or I hsti ntMjfalt cut tr.the tuavcll atiAiajrpily., tomjjelf ar.dtciXj col- ^ 
 
 ■A t'Ui-^ut, Seetbat you wifh the fame trolyjfincerely and ficm the very heart, that whatfoeverye 
 
 ' cifhall prsy unto tbe gcds tor,we mcf may beieeveand all tte world lee.thatjoudefire tbefame 
 
 •* .aoi t (ffcded indeed T.T«r«>»/& ^(W«/»/ in this very City reigned tor eibtr with great unity & 
 
 ({ concoid, in tbei. idfi wbetrofeven in tbe vcty maiket place, they had crcctntted and joined 
 <<.'b.ttiU together as mortal enemies with their ctuellartries. What .' not ermines only have an 
 '( eodj bnt wars alio. And many a timcmoLl vercmcus ard ipiteti:! \c%% .t5(.<^F^ faiitiuU allies,
 
 ThefiurtietbBoofiofT.lAyias. 875 
 
 ^ '^'yea, andotherwhilesneerncighborsand fellow citizens-ThcAlbiin"; after fheirfiifaverfion and 
 ''and utter ruin of tneir City, were brought over to inbabit f^ome.Thc Latins &: Sibins both,were 
 •' endenizen'd Romans. An (-Id layjrg it is, and not to old as f rue, and tor the truth become a 
 '' common proverb, thst enmiticsought to betranfitorv and icon di- , whcris triendfliipfliould 
 *' continued live for ever. At thefe words there arofe a contufed biuit among t hem there aOem- 
 bIed,intokcnoftheir content and approbation .-and anon were heard the dittmrt voices of them 
 allmgenenl, ciavingand requcOing oftbeCsnlbrs thJamc ; vhich making one en' ^/'^^nd 
 fatakeoffthe (peecb o' MasllHs. Then /tntj/iHs tmoog other matters complained that M. Fulvit^ 
 bad twice put him befidcs the Conl'uiniip, which otherwiie be was lu'e of. And Fn'vfts on the 
 other fide found bimfelfgricved, tb.t heevcimnreby t/£w)//»j had been provoted irr'ihjche 
 B had waged ia\\J by lUpuIation againft him to hiidinunor anddifgr.c-'.Yet both ot them ma-^e h'<^ 
 and (liewcd, that if the one were as willing ss 'he other, (bey wouid rel r,t and be over-ruled by 
 {0 many honorable pcrionages of the City,SO;at th: imlant reqiielt ot all them that were prefect 
 tbey fhook hands and thereby affured one anotherto forgive and forget all matlei j pa(i ^and truly 
 to make ancnd ofmalice,snd beperfcftfncndsagain .- whereupon tfaey were roach commend- 
 ed by the whole afVembly, and condufted by thctn into the CspsioU. Whtre the Sena? .ipprcved 
 and highly prailed, as well the careful induftry of the principal citizens, in effefting this fo wcish- 
 ty a matter, as alio the good c;cu'^e and flexibility ot the twoCenlors. Who afterwards when 
 tbey required to have a certain fucn of ofmony afsignedunto thcaTforfoe.Eploy inthepublicke- 
 dificc5 and other works of the City .were allowed by th eir dccree^ihe full rent and revenues of one 
 whole yeer. 
 ^ The (ameyeer L.PofibnmiusindTti'.Sernproiius the Pro-Pretors in Spainagrecd fo together 
 that Albintis fhould make an expedition agsinft the V*ccei through Lufitan-.^t^ and To return from 
 thence vAoCelt.beri*. BmGrac(!:ut went as far as the utir.oft quarter c OAi^^r/rf, forth, tin 
 thole parts there was the greater war. Andjitll he forced theJCity M/tnda,wh'\(i\ks iarpnl'ed 
 fuJdainly in the night at unawares. Tnen, after be had received hodages, and pur a^irrifon 
 there, he went forward alTaultingfoit. and bniningthetillagt$,aniill bee me toanojhsrCityof 
 exceeding Itrength, which the Celtiberians aWCerttmn: where, as be wasabcut to?pproacb 
 the wals with bis cngins of battery, there came unto him orators out of the City j who like good 
 plain men of tbeold wotld, made a I'pjccb unto him, nothing diflcmbhng but that tbey would 
 :vvaranlherevengcd,if tbeirftrength and forces were (ufficient. For tbey requefled leave topafla 
 ■*^ lothe Celtiberian camp, there to receive aid andfuccour-'butifthey could not i'peed, then tbey 
 "Would conlult partbythemeUeswbattodo. Good leave they bad ot Gr^rt'i^wi ; andfomefew 
 daiesaftcr, they brought with them ten Oiatorsmorc. Aboutnoone-tideit wasottheday 
 and the firit thing that they craved at the Pretor his hand was this, That be would makethemto' 
 drink betorethcy patled. When they had once qusfF.d and carowfcd round, they called again for 
 more : whereat, all that were prelect and ftood about tbem, langhed heartily, tu lee them io rude 
 and uncivil, and altogether without good manners. But afterwards, the eldeft man of the com- 
 pany began in this wiic : Weave Tent ^quothhej untoyoufromournation, toknow what allu- 
 red n eansbatbind uced youtolevy waragainit ui? To tlr.sdemand f^r/jfc-j&w/anlwered, That 
 became with the confidence that he had in abrave and valiant army; which (if they vvc re lb defi- 
 E reus) he would do them the tavourtolee, that tbey might be able to make more certain report to 
 their countrymen upon their own knowledge. And with that,he commanded the colonels and 
 knight marfh^tls, to put in armsandemjattcll all the bands and compa.iies. as well foot as horfc* 
 and I hen armed as they were to charge one upon another in aianner of a battel. Ihcfe Euibaffidors 
 jfter tbey had once feen this light, were fcnt away ■• who wentdircdiy tothc Ccltib'trisns their 
 neighb .rs, and frighted them tor fending any iuccour to-the City bclieged. The townlinen within 
 havi ig in vair l.t fire-lights in tbemgbt time aloft upon their tuiretsf' which wajthe fignala^-reed 
 upon bctwct-n their) and leeing ihemlelves deditutcof the only hope they hadofaid,yeeld- 
 edoy compoluion.Sotbey were enjoined to make paimenr of four and twenty hundred thoufand 
 Selterccs ; and to deliver forty of their noblelt gentlemen and belt men of arms ; not by way 
 ^ of noli ages (tor cominanded they were to iervcinthc wars); and yet in truth, they Ifood for a 
 pawn ut illurance for their fealiy. From thence anon he marcbcd to the City Alco, where ths 
 C-iiiberianiliy enca;iiped and from whom of'late the Embaiiadors aforclaid came.- whom, for 
 certain dates he provoked to tight, making (mallskirmillics,by iendingoutagainft their corps de 
 guard his liubt- armed vancurriers, to the end that scuffling together every Uaj more then other 
 hemij'httrain them ail fortbof their camp at length. And when he perceived once tbathis 
 design had taken eff ft, he commanded the captains of the auxiliary fouldiers.that after lo.-na 
 \ln >rf skirm'fh, they fhould make lembia.it as it they were overcharged with nun;bers, and loat 
 bnct turn their backs, andflieasfalt asitiey could to their own csmp : bimlelfin the mean while 
 G put his men in ■•attell array within the rampiec at every gate. Long k was not, but he might (es 
 nis own bands and companies retiring back on let purpole, and running away, and after them 
 the hat birous enemies f)llo wing as hard astbey could in chaie. Now hadhehis army cmba'tel- 
 led for thcpaipote. and ready to receive them.* and therefore he made ao longer Itay tfacootjly 
 to i(jff-f his friends and allies to enter at liberty into the camp, but be let op a loud cry, andat 
 one initant iiUi-d forth a' allthegaccs. Tne enemies were not a^^lc to endure this unexpec'^ed 
 ■ Violent caargt: audio they that were come to alTail the camp ofotbetSi could not fomu;h as dc» 
 
 , tend
 
 ^74 The fortieth Booli of T. JLivius. 
 
 Icr.d tfceir cv\r.;fcr pieltntly itey were difccndutd srd put tofiigbt; ar.tS ^^-iil-un awhil/n 
 (invcn fcrtciy itst irio ihtir fcoWjirdiuthctridtuictd cutcJ it alib.ltat dsj pccocithe ene- 
 BiUiltlt \ltn caikafesinibtEeId.320 w tit istenptifcrt! J,ic£eibti with 112 telle. & y^Cipld 
 €rfigr.s.OhheRcnansiiny,ibaedicdrotsb6veicp.Prtf£rJlya{iertbjsbaitc1,(?r<;ffA;.iir.arqh- 
 cd with bis Itgions to waU and fpoil tbe ccuttiy ot Celnhaia : srd i's. be made l:.a\ctk instil 
 pisctsashewtnr, with driving booties, & with barijirg&csryii^g all that evtr hecculdccme 
 by ; ibe Cities snd Statu of tbe countiy, feme fubmiited willirgly of tbeircwnacccid;cth^is 
 iorconfttaint & fear received the yoke offubjediociro as in few dales fpsce he became iraflcrof 
 an 1C3 towns tbatyeelded unto him. A rcighty rich piilagefcegat inib»sixpt(^uicn.A!ttribis^e 
 matched back again towards the City A/«tiom \\b<nce hecsme, and began to bef-ege ardal- 
 failthetown. 1 he ii^habitants endured the firft affaultof ttc enemies, but afterwards feeing I 
 their town not only aHailed by forceofatms, but alio flisken with engins and inQrumenis of" " 
 battery, difhuftingthe flrtngth of the City,tbcy retired all wi;hin their fortrefle; trcm whence al(o 
 to tbe end5(baving (eni their Orators bctore-handjthey & alhhat ever they bad, were at the de- 
 votion oftheRomans.Agreat bboty there was gotten. and many noble gentlemen taken prilonerj: 
 amongft whom were two fons and one daughter ot Thurrns. This thHrrits was a prince and great 
 lord of thcie parts,and fimply the might lelt pctentat of all the Spaniards by many degrees, who be- 
 ing advertifed of the hard hap and calamity fallen upon his children, (ent unto Gracchus into the 
 camp for a lafe-conduil, and thither he came bimlelt in petfon. And firft be demanded. Whether 
 he could grant unto him and his their lives? The Pretor anlwered, That they fhould live. Then 
 be demanded again, ifhe might bear arms and (erve under the Romans ? and whtr. Gracchus '\^ 
 .permitted that alfo ; Then will I follow you (quoth he) againft mine old frieiids and allies, fince ^ 
 theydifdain to rcfpeft and regard me. From this time forward he took part with tbe Romans • 
 and in many journicshjbarehimleltloially and valiantly in their wars, and much advanced the 
 Roman State. Afterthis, £?-^^«'iC4( a noble,rich and mighty City) .affrighted at tbe calamities 
 otoiherneighbor towns and States about them, fet the gates open for to receive the Romans. 
 So me Authors have written, that theic towns and Cities y eelded not loKafide and in finccrity of 
 heart ; Lutthst (ofoonsshehad withdrawn the legions out of any quarter, luddainly from that 
 part they revolted t alfo, that aftetw.rds, he fought acruell battel neer the mountain CaHtms 
 with the Celtiberians, from the break of day untill noon; in which conflift there were many 
 flain bo;h of the one fide and the other: neither did the Romans any other great deed(as they (up- L 
 pofe^ at Ergavtea that day to teft ifie their viftory, but kep,t the field, and challenged them oat of r i 
 their camp to fight. Moreover, that the next morrow all the day long.thcy gathered up the Cpoils 
 of the dead : & on the third day (hook a fecond battel, which v;a$ greater than tbe other •• & then, 
 at lengthjthe Celtiberians without aildou'.t loft the held cleerjinfomuchas their camp was ranlacli- 
 ed. Fanhermore that there died of the enemies that day 2 2eoo, and notfo few as 300 taken pri- 
 fonets, at'.d wel-neer asroanyborfe, bclides the winning of 72 military enfigns : and lb the war 
 came to a iinail end, the Celtirierisns made peace indeed, continued fall and firm therein with all 
 loyalty, and were not lb fickle & unconftant as before.They write moreover,that the lame lummer 
 L. ?ofihttmiiis fought a brave batt; 11 with tbeA''<»f«« in the father province of 5'/)<i;«, where be put 
 totheiword35cooenemies,&:forccd their camp.Butit foundeth more like atruth,that be came m 
 not rimtly enough into that province, for to perform any fuch exploits during that fummer leafon. , 
 
 The Ctnfors made a review and new choice of Senators in good concord and faithfull unity.- 
 ■fortheptefidentof tbeSenat wascbofen, Ai. t^m^liftsLeftdus the Ccnlor bimfelf, who alio 
 was the high pticrtor Arch-bifhop. Three Senators were called and deprived their places.- 6uC 
 Lepidiii Leldiomein, whom the colleague over-pafled andleftout. Of that portion of mooy, 
 which out of the main allowance was divided betweenthem, they caufed (befe works following 
 to be made. L^vid^s for bis part railed the great caufey or wharf at T^irrtf />;<»/ which w. s a peece 
 ot work nuthir.g acceptable to the people, for that he had bimfelf lands and polTelsions tbere of bis 
 own, and lecmed to eal'e bis privat expenfes, under colour of doing a publick work with the Ci- ^ 
 ties mony. He built a Theatre, a tcre-ilage or a vant-fcaffold neer tbe temple of ^peUo. He bar- 
 gai.ned with the Publicans or Undertakers for the polilhing, blanching and whiting of the tem- 
 ple oilfipiurin the Capitol, and iikewifeofthe pilLrsaboutit. From tbele pillars he removed 
 the Imigcs and Statues, which feemed to have been unhandfomly fet one againft anotber,and out 
 ofallcrdei. Z/ikewile he took from thence, the targets and field- enfigns of all forts, that were 
 there let up andfallned. Bai M.Fuivim put forth to making more works in number, and thole 
 of better and greaterufe ; To wit, a peer, and certain main piles within the rivet Tyl>eri<s ; upon 
 which pileicert-in yecrs iherP .Scipie Afnctttus tadL.AIfimmius being Cenfors,took order for 
 arches 10 be founded and erefled. /«»«, a liately bailor p ^lace behind the new fliops of the ban- 
 quers./fcw A h;ii market,witb others Qiops round about him.which be fold to particular perfons. q 
 Item, a rnatket place, and a porch or gsl'ery vvithout the gate Tergemina and another behind tbe 
 arfenall, and neer the temple of HetcnUs, Ittm, neer Tjber, and behind the church of the god- 
 dcllc Hofc^ he cauled to be built the chappell of Apollo tbe Phyfitian. Now they had befidcs ano- 
 ther {lock of mony in common, which they emploicdin taking order for water tobeconveighed 
 into the Cityjand certain vauhs to be made.But this work was impeached ^yM.LiciniHs Cra/iUy 
 wba would not lufter the water to pafle thrcugh his ground.Over and befides thefefauie Cenlors, 
 iniiituted certain rents for portage, &:poDdage,& djvers other impoUs. Many cbappels & publick 
 
 pl-ces
 
 The fortieth Boo^ of T. Li vius. 8 7 «; 
 
 A places in the tenure and occupation of privat perfons, they took order to be reduced tocheule 
 of the people in common) and to be fee open tor allcomers. Ihtyihangcd theordtrotgivini^ 
 voices, and caufed to enroll the tribes according to liindry quarters and divi/ions, baxino regard 
 wichallof thedegrees otmen.of their tr.ides, mylteries and ctiupaticns. Aabihe oreot the 
 Cenfors A^, tyEmyliw lued unto the btnat, that a.lowante fiiouid bem.ide i:nto hi.Ti ofmcney 
 
 - for the games and plaies at the dedication ottheTcmplevo! Queen y« wand I>/~':-v?,\vhichinthe 
 Ligurian war he had vowed eigh-: years betoic ; and a;%ncd there \v.is iinio him twenty thou- 
 land Ailes, So he dedicated both thofc Temples wiihin theciroije or fl.ew-piace of"i-7.?»;/;»>«. 
 i\lfo he exhibited Stage plaies three daiestogcilicr after the dedication ctir.eTempicot'yriwc, 
 and two dales altenhe other of DtMa: and every of thole dales within tbecirqne l-lAmyamf, 
 
 B The fame Cenfor dedicated in Mcrs field n Chappell to the Tea -gods, vowed by L.^^nnlitu Re- 
 ^///wjcleven years before, in a naval! battcll at fca againli thcCaptains oiY^./lntiocbtt', C^ier the 
 gates of which Chappel there was fixed arable with this tide. [ tor the ^■vp.^.tfm're.-d compafin? of Ar.tUchustv.d 
 Agreatwur becween two Km^s, * the head-, ^ to f.hdxe ' ^ for lo m.'-.kc peace ^^ , t htf coiffiiU^ * Eitmina. 
 jfhenh.JEmyliUS Regillus the Pr a: or -.t he fori ofM.^Undrrthcch^wfj-coKni^nd.dndfroveriimeKt^hup- This pbct !s 
 f J fortune^ and conduct of h:m betmien Eptiefus, Samos, rf/r^/Cl-,ios, the fir:- 1 of King Antiochus the j V. I"! '" 
 eleventh da:es before the Kalends «/February wm v-tnqmjhed, difco»:jiied, (hakertyhai tired, ktidfutto 
 fiightyatid there I! foil the jitme day twoardforty GaUeswire /.;^';i, with all the nmrintrs andjervnors 
 rvit hint hem. j4 fur which fi-yht Ki>i^ tiS\i\oi\\\M a -.dhis Rdxlm " , " , ,l>icenp.d:r(u ion lurcf-f rowed n 
 Temple to the Sea-^ods^djfifi.tnts i.nto him in atchiez-iyi'r the r.av.'U victory. ] Another tal-le .ike'A'ile, 
 
 C with the very fame inlcription, was ft tup and faflned over thegacesofthe Icmoleof j:-:pitir in 
 the Capitoil. Within two dales after that the Cenlors had cbcfena new Senar,!V.r;j/t/'V« the Cof. 
 made an expedition againll the Ligurians.* and zfterhe had palled with his army o\cr vvikls and 
 mountains, where no trarts led them, through (iraights and p..ires ot ioirc.'lshe foui'hr a pitchc 
 battellwith the enemies, andnot only won the Held, but alio in oneandthelelf-famcday lorced 
 their camp.Whereupon three thoufand and two hundred of the enemies, and ali that quarter of 
 ^/^wr/j yieldetl ontohim. Then the Conful placed theiethat had lurrendered in the plains and 
 champain country, and planted garrifons upc n the mountains. Letters hereof with great fpced 
 ^ame to Rome ■ whereupon chere were ordained proceflions forthieedaies.During whi.h time of 
 proctrtion ,the Pra:tor^celebrated facrifices,and killed lorty greater bealls. But the ether Conful 
 
 £) ^.Manliwdidao exploit worth remembrance in Liff^?-/^. Three tnouiand Trani'aipine French- 
 men pafled over the Alpsiato /taly,ia peaceable manner marching without anyhofliliry or harm 
 doing,and requeued ot the Conful and the Senat a territory to inhabit, where they might remain 
 quietly under the feignory of the Romans. But the Senat commanded them to avoid "out of //i?- 
 ly ; and gave the Conful Q^ FhIviw in charge to make learth and enquiry into this mattcr.yca.and 
 to proceed againlt them who had been the captains and counfellers to perfwade them to pafs o- 
 ver the Alps. 
 
 This very year died /'A;/;))King of the Macedonians, worn away to nothing,p3rt!y,foragejard 
 partly, with griefof heart after ihedeathof his {oriiDemetritt^,~\ it fortuned that he kept his win- 
 ter in Demetnas xoimtm&d with anguifli ot" mind tor tiie lol's and mil's of his fon,difqu!eted vvith 
 
 £ remorfe and repentance for his cruelty againll him,wnich Hung and pricked his guilty conf.ience. 
 Belidesihe faw his other fon (v\honow was the undorbted heirapparant oftbcCrown, as well 
 in his own opmion as in the conceit of others ) how all men turned their eves and courted to 
 bim.Heconhdered withall,how his old age was delpifed and forlorn ; whiles fomeexpi-iled his 
 death others did not lb much as look for it ; which wasthegreatell grief and troubL^ofall other. 
 And together with him, there was Antiirontu the fon of trhecr.uet, bearing the name of his n;)c!e 
 jintif^o'iMshj the fathers (Ide-.vvho had been guardian to Philip.lh\sA»iiro?!is4 the elder had been 
 a man of princely port and regal! majefiy ; renowned alfo tor a brave confliil and noble batteil a- 
 gainrt f elonsenes the Lacedimonian. And him the Greeks for dilliniiion fake from other KK.of 
 that n ifne,furnamed * Tw.or.His nephew cr brothers fon(I fay) Antioomts, ofallthe honourable 'Guardiinor 
 
 p friends that Ph'liphid. was the only man chat continued fall and firm unto him wiihour pII cor- Pf^t'^'Jf. 
 ruption. But this his loyal! fidelity and truth caiifed rtv/i^w tobenofriend of his, but rtherthe 
 molt mortail enemy that he had in the world. This laid y^«r/fc»/«torccaHing in his fpiric,in what 
 dangerous terms he fhould lland,whcn the inheritance oi thekingdom were devolved npon Per- 
 /£•«;. waiting his firll time and opportunity; when he perceived that the Kings mind was troubled, 
 and that now and then he fetched deep lighs forforrow thit his fon was dead ; one while would 
 giveear only tothe Kings word-?, otherwhiles alfo would find lom.c talk and miniDeroccaiionto 
 Ipcak of the art fo rafnly and unadvifedly committed. Oftentimes he followed andfe<onded him 
 in his moans and complaints. and would be thought to lament with him tor company. And(a3 
 Tr«r/) meth alwaies to givemany f.gn, and tokens ot her felt coming to light ) he would en- 
 
 Q force and help forward everyfmailthmg what he could, to the end that ail might the fooner be 
 difcovered and break forth.The chiefminillers and inflruments of this vi!lanoust"a,il, were Apel- 
 les and P/i'/9f/f/,who werethe Embafl'adors fent to Rome, and had brought thofe perr.icion?let- 
 cers,nnder the name of Fl ■mi»insy\vh\ch wrought the death <" f Demctnus.Ynr commonly it was 
 oi-enoin chrouch all the Kings Court.that thole were falfified ietters,lorged by Wm Secretary and ^y.r 
 fealed with a coontertcit lignet. But the thing bein2 rather deeply fufpefted, than apparantly dc- t„bc?hc s". 
 tedcd, it chanced that j'Jw/^ow/j upon a time met with * XychnS:, and laying hold upon f im. cr„j,y^ 
 
 rfff arreMcd
 
 8^5 ^^^ fortieth Boo\ o/T.Livius. 
 
 arretted his body) and brought bitn into the Kings houfe ; and when he had kit him in the fafeH 
 cullody of certain perfonsjhe went himfelf direftly to Philip. '■<■ It ftiould feem to me^^ it it pleafc 
 *' your°race ( quoth he ) by many words which Iha\eoblerved, that you vvouldipenda great 
 *'deal to know the whole truth as touching your two Ions, and be relolved whether of them 
 "twain it was that laid wait to takeaway the life of the other. Now the only man of all other 
 *' that can undo the knot and clear this doubt, is in your hands forth coming, and that is Xychus. 
 Herewith headvifed the King to call before him the faid party ;rincethat(as it fell out;he was al- 
 ready brought into the Court. Sent for he was and prefented before the King ; and being asked 
 the quenionhc denied e^ery thing at the firti j but with fuch inconHancy^as it appeared evident- 
 ly,that iiponfome licdefejr of torture offered unto him, he would be ready to bewray all : for at 
 the very light of the tormentor and the fcourgesjhe relentcd.Then he difcloled and {hewed in or- 1 
 der the whole proceeding and manner of this wicked praftice and villany, how it was wrought 
 as well asbytheembofl'adors asalfoby hisownrelttheirminilkr. Immediatly there were ibme 
 ofpurpofe fentto apprehend the faid embafladors.And Philocles who wasprefent in the way,they 
 lurphfed and took of a fuddenras for yJpe!les(who had been fent to purfue one C!:icreas)hcir)a ad- 
 vertifed hovithu XjcIms had bewraied & told all,failed over into /r,«/7. As concerning P^?7ot/f'j-, ^ 
 there is no certainty known.Somc reportjthat atche beginning he denied the matter ft outly: but 
 fifterthat Xychus was brought to his fjce and confronted him, he Hood no longer in it. Others 
 fay again^that being put to torture .he endured the pains,and continued ftill inihedeniall. Phi- 
 /■wforrovv and grief was by this means renewed and redoubled, reputing himfelf more unhappy 
 in his fons.and his mifety the greater,in that one of them was now dead and ^orvt.Perjetis being jj 
 certified that all was difcovered, took himfelf for a greater and mightier perfon, than to fear and 
 think it needfull for him to flie upon it. And therefore he '.ought only to keep far enough out of 
 the way, purpofing to (land upon his guard allthe while that his father lived, and avoid the fla- 
 min'' fireCas it were)of hisburningcholer. P/;/7,p feeing that he could not poflibly come by his 
 perfon tor to execute jurtice>thought upon that whi(.h only remained to be done, and ftudied how 
 Pfr/wibefides impunity, fhouldnct befecompenfed and rewarded alfo for that his wickednefs. 
 Hecalled therefore Anti^omtshtiort him unto whom he was bounden and beholden already, 
 for bringing to light the unnaturall murder committed upon Demeirius his ion ; and of whom 
 he conceived this opinion^in regard of the frefh and late glory of his uncle y^«f/^!?«a^,that the Ma- 
 cedonians Ihould havenocauleto be afhamed or repent if they had bad him for to be their K.L 
 And in this wife he brake with him: '' Since my unhappy fortune is fuch^quoth he)0 Anti^omst 
 *■' that 1 onghi(contrary to all other f jthers)to wifh my felf chi!dlefs,I have a mind and purpofe 
 *' to make over unto you that kingdom, which I received at the hands of your uncle, which he 
 " preferved and kept yeajand augmented for my behoof during the time of my nonage-.& where- 
 *'in(whiles 1 was under his guardisnage)he bare himfelf not only valiant but alfo true and faith- 
 " unto me. Noman Ihave butyou, whom lean elleem worthy to wear the Crown ; and if I 
 " knew of none at all, yet had Irather that both it and the Realm perilTied and were extinfl for 
 "ever than Pcr/^a^fliould enjoy it asthes^uerdon of his ungracious 5c devillifh fadt.l (hallima- 
 "gincyet that XJfWffr/.'// is rifen from death to life, 1 fliall think that 1 have the fruition of him 
 " again ifl ieaveyou in this place, you, Ifay, the only man of all others that wept for the death j^ 
 "•of the poor inno:cnt young man,and lamented for my unhappy errour and unfortunatirefpafs. 
 After this fpeecii with yintigonm, he never ceafed to entertain and grace him in the face of the 
 world with .ill kind of honour that he could devife.For feeing that Perfetavas in Thrace^Phil/p 
 went in p;o:;rcfs to ei cry City of Macedony^ and recommended Antio^ouHs to allthePrnces and 
 and States thereof. And without all doubt, if God had given him longer life but a little, he would 
 have enfiailcd him in full pofleffion of the kingdom.Well,tortturnagainunto Pi-^^f^r/Vw, where 
 he wintered (as b:fore is faidy he departed from thence, andfojourned a long timt'inl hejfala- 
 nica. From thence after he was come to AmphrpoUs, he was furprifed with a grievous malady. 
 HowbeitjCertainit was and very apparant that he was more lick in mind than body ; and that e- 
 ver and anon the remcmbrjnce and objeit, the apparition andghoff of his fon, whomhecaufed ji^ 
 (innocent as he was) tobe put to death,followedand haunted him focontinually with care and 
 grief, that he was out of all lleep, andcould not lay his eyes together: yea, it dravehim into ra- 
 ving, curhng,ind execration of 'Pcrfeas his other fon ; and fo he ended his daies. But although 
 Phiiip died lomewhAt v\i[h the fooneft for Auti^omts^ yet he would have gone very near to have 
 ftcpt into his thron,it either the Kingsdeaih had immediatly been divulged abroad, or that A»ti- 
 _^o««ihad then been about the Court that he might have had intelligence thereof. Voi CalH^enes 
 the Kings Phyr)cian, \Vho had the cure of him, (laid not untill the breath was fully outof the 
 Kings body ; but fo f oon as he perceived that his (fate was defperat, upon the firft deadly figns 
 that he obfcrved . fent meflVr.gcrs po(f to Perfeus, who were fet ofpurpofe in places convenient, 
 acccrJing as it was complotied between them twain : but he concealed the Kings death from all q 
 them that were not of the houfliold,untill he wascome. By which means /"fr/w^ furprifed them 
 al! before they looked for him,or knew abroad ihar the King was departed, and thus betook the 
 Crownuponhim by policy, which he had purchafcd with niifthief. 
 
 The death ofP/vZ/p fell out very well to give fome delay and refpit, and to gather more forces 
 for the waging of war : lor the nation of the /i'.'/y.if-^te having lieena long time foUicited thereto, 
 departed out of their own country.,and with a creat power as well of foot as horfe,came on this 
 
 fide
 
 The fortieth Boo{ of T.Li vius. 877 
 
 A fide the river * ffier. Now there were arrived before to advertife the Kin"' hereof, jlntigo^tu and • n ii«<. 
 Coito.1\\i$ Cottovfis a nobleman among the Ballarnians.And Amigonm^Vizs full againii his will """ 
 joyned in embafl'jge & fenc with Cotto to ralfe the BaUainians.Howbeit,not far from Am-phifolis 
 they met with news(but very nncertain)of the Kin<^sdeath:which occurrence troubkd.tbe whole 
 courfe of their defigns.For thus it was complotted,that /■'/x//;) fliould give the B.'fl.rr,:^. fafe paf- 
 fage through Thrace and find them viduals: to the effc^'ting and performing whereof, he had 
 entertained the peers and principall States of thole quarters with prefents,aiid aflurcdihem up- 
 on his fidelity, that the Baliarniansfliould pais through theircountry peaceably without any 
 harmdoing.Now his intent and full purpose was, to ext;nguifli utterly the nation of the Darda- 
 nians-and to pLint the Baltarnians in their country. Hereby he aimed at a twofold commodity : 
 
 B the one was this ; that the Dardanianj ( a people mort malicious ever to the Macedonians, and 
 who alwaies in time of the troubles andadveriiiies ot the KK.took their vantage to annoy them^ 
 might be rooted out : the other.that the faid Ihft.imt. lea\ ing their w ives and c hildren in D.:. dz- 
 «;.»,might be fent to watte and fpoii ItJy. Now were they to pals to the Adriatick Tea and I'o to 
 Jtalrh^ the way of the Scordifcians ( for other way there was none to lead an army ) and foon 
 would theyjthought hejgrantpaflageunto the Baliarnians : tor they differed not at all, either in 
 language^or manners gcfalliions :and more than that,they were likeenoughco joyn with them 
 in the expeditionjfeeing they went to the conquell and pillage of a moll rich and wealthy nation. 
 Thcfe defignmencs were accommodated and fitted to what events foever fliould happen. For in 
 cafe the Ballarnians fhould happen to be defeated by the Romans and put all to the I'word; yet 
 
 C this would be a comfort again; that the Dardanians were confumed from the face of the earth, 
 that he fhould meet with a booty of that which the Baitarnians left behind them i and finally, 
 have the polTeflion free and entire to himfelf of all Durdania. But in caie their fortune were to 
 have the upper handjihen whiles the Romans were averted from him, and amufed upon the war 
 with the Bal}arnians,he fliould be able to recover whatfoever he had lolf in Greece, Thefe hid 
 been the deligns projefted by K.Philtp. So they entred peaceablyand marched without hoHiiity, 
 under the word and promifeofCouoSc y^Kf/jjo/WJ.Butlliortly after that news came of the death 
 of Philip ; neither were the Thracians fo tradable and eafie to be dealt withall in comn^erce and 
 traffick : nor the Baftarnian; could be content with that whi^h they bought with their money, 
 or be kept in order as they marched,but that they would break their ranks & turn out of the di- 
 
 D re6t way .Hereupon they began to do wrong &; injury on both fides one unto another: which en- 
 creafing daily more & more to outrages,kindled the fire of an open war.In the end,the Thracians 
 not able to endure the violence & multitudes of thefe enemies, leaving their villages in the plains 
 beneathjretired to an exceeding high mountain,C3lled Ds/j.-ic.i.To which place,when the Bafiar- 
 nians would have gone: behold notwithftanding they approached to thetopsandridgeofthe 
 hils,they were furprifed with a ttorm,much like to that wherewith the Gauls ( as it is reported) 
 perillied at what time as they were afpoirmgandpillingtheTempleatDt7/)/.i/.For they were not 
 only drenched firft with fliowersofrain pouring upon them^pelted afterwards with thick llorms 
 of haikionesllrucken with great cracks ofchunder and blatted with gleams of lightning that daz- 
 led their eye-fight: but alfo the lightning flaflied fo upon them on every fide,that it feemed they 
 
 E were charged and fliotdiredlyagainft their bodies : foasnot only the common fouldicrs, but al- 
 fo the principal leaders and captains themfclves were fmitten down therewith and overthrown. 
 Whereupon when they were fcattered &: would have fled down the hill, from the exceeding fteep 
 rocks they tumbled down they knew not how with their heads forward. And albeit the Thraci- 
 ans purfued them thus feared andart'righted, yetthey had nothing in their mouth, but That the 
 gods forced them to run away,and that the sky fell upon them. Being thus difparkied with this 
 tempeliuous fiorm, and returned asit were outofafliipwrack intothe camp from whence they 
 fet forth Sc molt of them but half armed,they began to debateincounciil what to do. Hereupon 
 arofefome diflention among them: whiles part were ofopinionto return back intotheir own 
 country, andpart advifed to follow the way liill and pierce forward into D.'.rddni.i. Aho\iz :;ocoo 
 
 F perfons went through under the conduft oiClondtcHs: the reft of the multitude returned the fame 
 
 way they cameinto the parts bevond ' D.utHbius. /'<rr/'/<j- being poffefled of the kingdom, com- ^-Dom^r^l 
 manded Antiq^onus to be put to death : and whiles he was fetting the States in orJer.and eftabli- 
 fliing himfell in his own featdiefent embafladors to Romc.zi well to renew the amity that his fa- 
 ther hid with the Romans, as ?.lfo to requeft that he might belHIed with the name of King by 
 the Senat ot Rome. Artd rhefe were the affairs in Macedom that year. 
 
 CJ.F/;7wM the other Coi. triumphed over the Ligurian^-: and known it was for certain, that 
 this triumph was granted unto him more for fav< ur,than (or any great exploit of his that might 
 deferve luch honour. He cairied in fbew a mighty deal of the enemies aimf rbnt little or no mo-. 
 neyatall.l-Iowbeit hedealt among his fouldiers thirty Afles apeere: toevery Centurion he gue 
 
 Q twice as much, and to each Genteraan fen ing on horfcback, the fame threefold. There was no- 
 thing in this triumph moi-e memorable and worthy the noting, than this, that as it feUont, he 
 iTinmp'ned now the very 'ameday that hehid the year before upon his Prxtorfliip. AUer his 
 triumph, hepubliflied thegeneral aflemblv for the election of Magifirats: wherein wrctcated 
 Coft . '1/. ?.•<>;/«; Bn!tHs,it\dA .M.udiusl^olfo. This d one when t here had been th tee of the Vix- » 'Intt quu-: 
 tors e c'^cd a fndden rempeft b'rakenp and dilVolved the aflembly. The morrow after which was '"!^.^^^^J^'*^' 
 * four dales full before the Ides of March-^hz odier three were chofen, namely, Marcus T'thiiHs ^f '^^',.jj," 
 
 f /// 2 CurvHSt
 
 gyg The one and fortieth Boo\ ofTLWms. 
 
 CHrvfts-,Tttiis ClMdiiis iNTfrojand T.Fonteius Capita. The Roman games were exhibited again the H 
 fecond cime,by the two Adiles of the ChiitCn.Scrvilifis CapWjZnd Jp.Claadiw Cemoby occafi- 
 on ouertain prodigies th»t hapned : for there was an earthquake ; and in the pubiike pavilions 
 and tabernacles, where the facred bed^ of the gods were folemnly fpread, the heads of the gods 
 which were laid in thole beds turned a way of their own accord^and the wool! together with the 
 other coverlets which were laid before Jnptter fell down.lt was taken alfo for a proaigious won- 
 der,that the mice and rats hadgnawnand talkd before of the olives upon the uhkiof J. pncr :] 
 for the fatistad^ion and expl.uion of which prodigies,nothingelie was done, but the lolemnizing 
 of thofe games and plaies agaiojas is aforefaid. f. 
 
 The one and fortieth Book 
 Of the Uijlortes ofT. Livius ofV2id{jLa,Jrom the foundation of the 
 
 City of B<ome, 
 
 - The Breviary of Z.. f/<?r«^ upon the one and fortieth Book. 
 
 THefi-e in t.he Temple of Vefla went owf.Tib.Sempronius Gracchus IJ^e Pro-CoKful,vanquijhed ^ 
 the Ceitilerians.aid received their [ubmijfionia'idfor a memorialloftbe worthy deeds by him at- 
 chievd he built atown in Spain c.i//^(iGraLchuris.Pou humius Albinus the Pro Coyiftil^fubdned the 
 theV.-'cce.ins andLufitiins'. aiid both of r he ,■' triumphed. Attt^ochu-^i he fin of Ki»g AniioLha?.. whorrf 
 hii fath r h^d gi-ven t» hofldge to th^ RoM^ns, after the death of hn brother Seleucus, wi ofucceeded 
 his fither /ate dece.ifcd, wMf.at fromKotne intothe Realm of Syria. ThcCenfors helda review nxd 
 '/lur^brina of the Citiz^ens, a. dfjUmnly pureed the City. There were enrolled iyi their boo\sx of Roman 
 Ctttz^eyis 2-7 3 144. Q;Voconiu^ Saxa^.i ^ ribune of the Com./ionSypnll'fhed .; Law,That no man (honld 
 ma'^ a woman to be- his full heir. M.Cato was the man that perfvaded aid ifoke for this Law., and his 
 Oral ion is extant. Moreover., thtsbo'k^containeth the wars and exploits of ma-^y Captains again fl the 
 hiturianSilfirianSjSardtiiians^arsd Celt .benans '• alfo the occafiont und caufes of the Macedonian war., L 
 which Perfeus f/-*/o» ef Philip begun : for he hudfent an embuffage to the Carth'iginia»s,whiehthej 
 gave audience unto tn I he night ftafo'. Other States IfocndCtt'esofGieetehefollicited. ThisVeik- 
 US fetttng reliqio n afdtffo' w^n' fl^Hfly fi»d. magnificent Temples he built in divers places, and natne- 
 /y, rtfAthens,ro Jupiter Olympius: at^dat hx^iyoCviiz^to Jup.CapitolinuS|)n'^/(7r/;fyB'//<r a King of 
 moji bafe demeanour and carriage , 
 
 Tbepm and fortieth Boo\ofT . Livius. 
 
 T 
 
 I He beginning o" this book, and the greater part thereof immediatlyenfuing, is loft. Im- y^ 
 prt/uis,As touching the difpohtion of the Provinces by lot. as weil of Coufuls as Pritors; 
 and namely, how the government of Cj<3«/tellto ji.Afa .liHj.:ind o( Liguria to M. Juni- 
 us: and how o- tne *^ritors M.Tittmus was alTigned to the hither Pro\ ince 01 SpAin^znd 
 T.FontCiUs to tbe fjtther '. Nero ioEtruri.iJ .Ebuttt:s to Sardinia, /rfwjas concerning the fire of 
 celi'tberia. J^'^J^^i ^^^ exploits <<(T.G ar ha and L. Allnnus in * Bifcu' and * Portugal: the furvey and taxing 
 \iMfitmh'- ot the City of ^a»;e holden by the Cenfors ; the Law Forew.?, as touching the inheritance of 
 women, metitioned in ■ i:i- c in S.yJugr.-ji'ne d- Civtate Dei, and others : finally,of the a6ts ar- 
 chie >cd by M.Juuus ihoatGenow.'v. And thusit flieweih a prxrupt and broken front as ye fee. 
 
 i, * K * f X * X 
 
 To have armed the fame whihinneace he had received of his father: andforthatcaufeitisfaid, j^ 
 That he was pairing well beloved oi tne youth and lufty gallants^who defired nothing more than 
 to I'poil and raile ' ooties. 
 
 Now when che Coninl was indeliber?tion with his council), as touching war in Iflria, fome 
 were of opinion, to proceed thereunto incontinently before that the enemies could aflemble 
 their forces; others adxil'ed toconiuli fir(t with the Senit.* but theircounfelimported-who were 
 for fpeedy expedition. So the Conful diflodged !rom ^^ .';/^/«> and encamped near the Lake Tima- 
 viu which lieth hordby the fea.l hitherfamer<;/«jf <;)-//«( one ot the na vail Duumvirs) with ten 
 fliips: for two fui h Duumvirs or wardens had been chofen, to make head againft the Illyrian fleet: 
 who wiih twenty ll lips in al, keeping the upper fea-wereto guard the fea-coaftsfo, as they had 
 Ancrn. (fis it were)the middle center between: for L.Co>-;;t'//«<< took the charge of all that lay on q 
 the right hand ihereof.as far as to Tarer.titm ". and C, Furius of the left, unco hciailei.i. Thefe ten 
 veflels(I fay) wcrelcnt to be next port. againft the marchesof //?««. vvith other fliips of burden 
 franghted with (lore of vi£>uals and provifion. The Conful followed after with bis legions,and " 
 pitLhed his camp five miles from the fea. And within afliort time there was a good and frequent 
 market kept in the port from whencethere was( onveyed -illmannrr of provifion into the camp. 
 And to the end that this might hold in more fecurity, good guards were let about the camp 
 
 on
 
 Tie one and fortieth Boof^ <?/T.Livius. 
 
 A on every fide.Toward * Iftrn^. there was one (hndingironiiergarrifon, ccnhfling of a cohort of* scUvonia. 
 Placentins levied on a fudden oppofed and lodged between the lea and the t jmp.Acd to the end 
 the fame might ferveior a guard tode.'end them that watered at therivtr,vi-/,£^«n«j(aColoneU 
 of the two legions) was commanded to adjoyn two ;ciiiaarcns oi foiildiers out of the recond le- 
 gion. T.andC. both t/4;A/ ('Colonels likewileyl had led ihettiirdlc5;ion, by the way thatgoah 
 to ^^«/7«Vi,which fliould guard cheforragcrsand fewellcrs.hrom vvhiih quarter aboiit a mi!edi- 
 (fant was the camp ot the French. And a certain petty King there w^ among them, one C.rmc- 
 //«^,havingthe conduct of three thoiifand arm.cd louidierscrfomtwharmore.Sofocn.-io the Ro- 
 mans were approached, I'le lake ' Timavus with their camp, the Kfriars ftt them down Ictretly • Timvo, or 
 in a clofe placcbchind aliulehilh and from tijcnce followed the Rom.:narmy as ij marchedj Umbia, 
 
 B by crofs and crooked waies, efpyingand lying tor all advantages that mighrbeprcfcnted-" for in- 
 telligence they had of all that was done either at fea or by land. And when they percei\ed upon 
 a time the corp< (^fff;«:-(^ before the campfceble and weak, and that there wa' a grcu number of 
 unarmed Merchants between thecnmp and the lea, without any defcn;cat all tuber trom land 
 or watcr,they ranar on.e upon the icrefaid guard:-, to wit, the Placentine cohort, and alio the 
 fquadronsofthefecond legion. Now their en;erprife at the beginning was covered and hidden 
 by.occalion of a morning milt, which at the tint warmth of the Inn brake and flattered away, 
 and then began fomewhatco appear through it : but the light was not yet clear and come to the 
 full ; by reafon whereof every thing ('as commonly in fnch a cafe)llievvcd far bigger than it was. 
 And this at that time mightily deceived the Romans. caunng the army of theenemies to feem the 
 
 C greater by manydegrecs. At which light, the fouldiers of the one guard as wellasthe otherbe- 
 ing affrighted, lied into the camp with a great tumult and alarm, and there caufcd far more fear 
 thanthey brought with them: forneither were they able to tell why they fled thus as they did, 
 norgivea ready anfwcr to thole that asked them thequedion. Over and t'Clides, a great noife 
 they heard from the campgjtes, as where there was no fuffi. lent guard toiuHainthefirU afl'aulr. 
 Belides, their running thusina throng together in the dark, while one tumbled upon another, 
 made fuch a con!ulion,thac they knew not whether the enemy was within the rampicr or no. No 
 other cry was heard but this; To fea To fea, Forby occalion that one fouldieratadventurebe- 
 gan to let up that note, all the camp prefently rung again therewith, from one end to the other, 
 Whertupon atfirit, fasifthey had been commanded fo to do) to the fea they ran, fome few ar- 
 
 D med but the moft part without any armour or weapons: afterwards more, andconfequcntly ac 
 lali in manner all; yea, and theConful hiinfelf, feeing that he laboured in vain to reclaim them, 
 back he fled,and could prevail neither by command nor authority nor yet with pr iers in the end; 
 only M.LtcithiS Straho ( a Tribune or Colonell of the third legion, abindoned of his own legi- 
 on) remained behind with three enfigns and no more. The Ilfriansfindifighim alone (fot no man 
 elfe was I'eenin arms to make refilbnrejent red joyntiy int o the camp ran upon him(& as be was 
 embatseliing his fouldiers and encouraging them in the quarter about the Pra:tor his lodging)rur- 
 piifcd, and with numbers over-charged him. The skirmiOVand fight was more cruell, thanfor 
 proportion of fo few defendants; and not ended,betoretlut thcTribunehimfelf and tholeabout 
 him,wereflain every man. The Generall his pavilion and all about it, was overthrown: which 
 
 E when the enemy had ranfacked and rifled of all that was there they went asfarasthetrcafurers 
 lodging, the market pi ice,and to the gate *0;*j«Mw.(: where rhey found abundatice of all things *Byth3tgste 
 fet out ready for their hands, and within the treafurers pavilion the tables fpread and covered jy^^'f-emafljei 
 with good caiesand meat upon them. Then their chief Lord &:Lejder(che petty King aforefaid) ijd^'dijtaiyto 
 made no more ado but late him down, fell to his victuals and made good chear; and anon all jt. 
 therert following his example, did fo likewife, and never on:e thought of arms,or of enemies; 
 and like to thofc who were not wont to fare lb well and feed liberally, they greedily overchar- 
 ged theirhcl:ics with wine and viands: but the Romans all the while (lood in far other terms. 
 They trembled, they went halfily to their bulinefs both on l:nd and fea, Down went the fliip- 
 men and failers with their tilts and booths ; and look what proviilon ot viftuals or other things 
 
 F vverefet forth to fale upon the (Irand and fliore,tlicy hariied and hurried a Hiipboord : the foul- 
 diers all affrighted ran amain to the fea-hde, for to be embarked. The mariners fearing left their 
 veflels lliould be overcharged, fome put back the pre's and withflood them for coming in, o- 
 thersOioveoft"from the wharf; and Ian. bed into the deep. Hcreuponbegan abraul andbroil, 
 and from that they fell together by the ears, fouldiers and marrincrs, oncwith another: fome 
 went away with knocks and wounds, and others left their lices behind them ; until! at length, 
 by the Confulhiscommandment the fleet was retired far from the land. Which done hebeganto 
 fort the armed and unarmed aparr. And hardly were there (of fo great a multitude) twelve hun- 
 dred found with armorabout them, and very few horiemen that had brought their horlcs with 
 ihern. AH the reft were a confufed and di'brdcred company, re 'embling the rafcailfort of camp- 
 
 Gf'^llowers asvif^uallers, launders, fcul'ions andlackies: who had been aready hooty to haie 
 preyed upon in cale the enemies cou'.,' havethought upon any leats of arms. T'len atlaftcames 
 meffenger to recall the third tgion and to furprifethcguard of the Garls ; and with that from 
 nVi parrs they began ro r.;tnrn again toward their own cainp.forto recover it, and wipe away and 
 b'ot out the fbamefnll ftain and dillaonour which they hH received. The Colonek o*" the third 
 legion comminded the fouldiers to throw down upon thesround their forrage and fewell, they 
 cli:rged the Centurions to let the elder and unweildv fouldiers two and two upon th.e hories and 
 
 Ffff 3 labouring
 
 SSo The one and fortieth Boo\ o/T.Livius. 
 
 labourin" beafts which they had difcharged of their load ; and willed the horfcmen to take up be- H 
 hind them every one a young lufty footman ; fhewing what an honour ic would be to the third 
 leoioD,t"or to regain by their valour the camp, which had been loH by the cowardice ind tear of 
 th'ofeinthe fecond : ande3liiy(fay they^ may it be won again if the Barbarians:,vvhiles they are 
 encumbred with ibepillage>mightbelurprifed acunawareSiandbetaken themfelvesjike as they 
 overtook others before. Tnis exhortation was received with great alacrity and contentment of 
 the foiildiers, Aloft were theenhgns born and advanced apace, neither llaid the port-enhgns one 
 whit for the fouldiers.Howbeit the Cof.and thofe companies which were brought from thefea, 
 camefirlt totherampier, L.Aiiat aprincipall Centurion of the fecond legion,notonly enoura- 
 gedthefoi'ldierb but made remonHrance unto them, Thatifthelftrians theie victories, had ever 
 meant to guard andkeepthecamp with the fame force of arms by which they had won it, they I 
 would at the firrt have purfued the enemies to the fea, fo loon as they had turned them out of 
 their tents ;■ and afterwards have let a good £-orp;<i«^«<2r<i,atlealiwile before the rampier and the 
 avenues thereof: but like enough it ij^faith he)that with guzling wine they were dead afleeplike 
 beaHs.And herewith he commanded AtBacttloniw hisownenfign-bearer,3 man o; approved va- 
 lour and hngubr prowefs to advance his banner forward.Mary, that I fhall (quoih he)tull foon, 
 if you willlollow me alone that the thing may be done more quickly. With that he forced his 
 whole (irength,and having flung the enhgn over the trench into the camp, he w^is thefirft him- 
 felf ihacentred at the camp gate. On another part likewife T. and C. both o£/;/,and Colonels of 
 the third legion, were come with their Cavalry : then prefently followed thofe alio whom they 
 had horfed two by two upon the labouring jades and wagons otcarriage^and after them the Cof. j^ 
 with his whoie army. But of the lilriansfome few there were ( fuch as were not hark drunk) 
 vvhofe wits and memory ferved them to runaway ; the reft were dead aflecp indeed and never a- 
 woke again.So the Romans recovered all their goods,lave only the wine and niluals which was 
 devoured and conlumed. The Roman fouldiers who were craz y and fick and had been idt m the 
 catr.p,after they per eived their own fellows wiihin the rampierjound their hands again caught 
 up weapons,and made a great flaughter and execution. But above ajl others C.Po^.lms^ forna- 
 iried 5<«^^//«< a Gentleman and Cavalier oi Rome^ bare himfelfmoft bravely that day, whobeing 
 left in thecampCbecaufebe was hurt and maimed in one of his feet) flew the greaie(f number of 
 theenemie.' by far Eight thoufandlftrians fell upon the edge of the fword, and not one taken 
 prifoner alive : for the (.holer and dcfpiteous indignation of the fouldiers was fu- n, as they had no L 
 mind at ail of prizes and booties.Howbeit,theK.of the IBrwnSjdrunk as he was had fo good for- 
 tune as to be taken from the very boord where he fat, and haftily mounted on horleback by his 
 men.andfo fled away and efcaped. Of the winners there perifhed in all two hundred thirty feven 
 fouldiers: and of them, more died in their morning flight than in the reco\ery of their camp. 
 Now icchan.ed lo that r?j.and L.borh n^med G.zw/«, new Coloners and inh^bitantsof .iijui- 
 leirizs they < ame with i iiftuais, had like to have (fumbled ignorant ly upon the camp, when it was 
 taken S: poflelfcd by the li irians. They being retired back in great hade to /4giWr/ri,leaving their 
 carriage behind them, fct all onafrightScuproar not orAy ziAcjuUeiahviiiMoziRcwe within few 
 dales a'f er: tor thither was the rumour run, That not only the camp was fotced by the enemies, 
 arid fvvhich was true irdeed^ihe Romans put to flight.but that all was lorT,and the army utterly j^ 
 defeated. Whereupon, as the manner was inallfuddcn tumu,ts and .ilarms, writs wenttorth for 
 muffers and levies of Ibuldier? extraordinarily ,not in the City only but alto throughout zW Italy, 
 Two legions ot Roman Citizens wereenrolied-,and the Latine allies were commanded to fet out 
 loooc foot with 5CO horfe. MJumns theCof.had commandment to pafs over into C-illia, and 
 to levy of the Cities and iitates of that Province, as many as they were able to make and furnifb. 
 It was or djined withali-.that T. CI udmsihc Praetor fhould make proclamation, that the looldi- 
 ers of the fourth legion, and ofthe Latine allies five thouland foot and two hundred and fifty 
 borie , fl^ould meet together at Pifn j and that in the abfence of the Cof.he fliould defend that 
 Province : alfo that .'/. Titin'ms the Praetor fliould appoint the Rendez^voui, at j-jrimtnum \ that 
 thefirn legion and thelikenumberof allies,as well foot as horfe, fliould there affemble. Then j^j 
 Nero took his journey,clad in his rich coat of arms toward P;/<e his Province. And 1 itimus ha- 
 ving-to J'lmir.um CrffwC;///;// a Colonel, to take the conduftof the legion there , tookmulfers 
 at Ro>!:e. M.J'iisius the Cof.paffed out of Li^uria into Gaul and arrived at AejuUeia^hixvao levied 
 aid-fouldi'.rs as he went of all the Cities of G4«/and the Colonies.tobe in readinefs out of hand. 
 There he was certified that the army was fate and ibund: whereupon he difpatched his letters to 
 7J«wf toad vertiie them that they fliould not trouble themfelves any more in this falfe alarm and 
 him[clf.ifccr he had difcharged the Gaulsof thole aidswhich he had impofed upon them, went 
 to his companion in gov crnmcnt. Great was the joy at iJ«wf,coming thus as it did unlooked for. 
 Themuncr-- weic laidafide, the fouldiers dil'charged who were enrolled and had taken their mi- 
 litary ojth and the array vifited with the plague at Arinnntim was difmifled and fent home.The q 
 Iflnansa.beit they were en a-nped with a great ffrength of armed men, nocfarfrom the Cof. his 
 camp after they henrd once that the Conful was come with a new army disbanded and flipt every 
 man away on .1 U ides to their feverall CitieSjand the Confuls retired with their legions to Aqtii- 
 /r.'<T;thereto winter. 
 
 When thefe (roubles oil firm were thus atlergth appeafed, there went forth an aft of the Senat, 
 IJiat the Cofl". fliould agree between themfelves, whether of them twain wastorcturnio Rome 
 
 for
 
 The one and fortieth Bool^ofTXAvvas, 88] 
 
 A for to hold the affembly for eleftion of Magifirats.At what lime as J. Lien ins Nerv^,ind CPa' 
 pyr/Hs Tnrd:is,i\yo Tribunes of the Commons, in alltheir Orations to the people,inveighed bit- 
 terly againd M.w/iuj in his abfencc, and promulged a La w to this efte6>. That after the Ides of 
 M.irch (for the Cofl. had their governments a Iraady prorogued for one wholeyear) hefhouJd 
 continue no longer in place ,to the end that fofoon as he was out ofhi^ office he might prefently 
 be called to his anfwer judicially. Q__//»r«;t/£//;/j, one of their Collegiiesjwithliood this bill by 
 ihcm propolcd and atcer mu.h debate and contention prevailed lb much th.u it pafTcd not. 
 
 About the lame time I ilr.Se.,. primus Grnrctus-^nd L.PoJrh^ntmt .-//^.-^^r^bein!' returned out 
 oiSpMn to Romcy had audien.e given them by the Praetor ^. T-.tlmui in the Temple of A';/^«<j, 
 there todili-ourfeofthead^by them ati-hic'. cd, to demand their defervcd honours, to the end 
 B that praiie ana thanklgivirg alio fhculd be rendredto the immortallgods. Moreover.at the lery 
 fame timeinLclligcnce was given by letters from r.n7'».'/«^ the Pritor,which his fon brought and 
 lliewed to the Scnat, of great troubles in Sardinia' N.'melv ;that the Iliansjoyning iinio them the 
 (Uength of thefi^7.ir/,had in', aded the province Handing in peaceable terms;neither w.is he able to 
 make head agairut them with fo feeble an army ashehad^Sc thefame walled andconfumedmnch 
 with the peliilcn..e. The lame news related theHmballadors likewile of the Sardinians, makin^^ 
 humble luit to the Senar to relieve and luccoiir their Cities at le.iH wire,for that their villages and 
 tounrryiowcs were already pait help. This cmbalVjge,with all other matters concerning 5. r^;- 
 »/j,putovei tc thenew Mjgiltrats ; as pitifull an embaflage alio was preferred unto them from 
 
 „ the Lydans whoeomphired grievor.fly of the Rhodian-:,i)nto whom they had been annexed and 
 made fubjed^ by L.Cor/n/jusSdpo: •• Indeed(fay thcy)we lived fometime under theleignory of 
 *•' K.y^«i/ffr^Mj. bur that lervitude of ours underthe K. compared to this prelenc rtateandcondi- 
 "■ tion wherein we now are feemed unton- an<*xi.ellenc liberty : tor not on;y arewenovvyoaked 
 " and kept under publike authority in general!, by taxes, levies and impohtions but every one in 
 " particularcnduretn meer bondage and flavery. Our felvesare abufed, yea, and ourwives and 
 " children luffer villanies before our eyes: upon our bodies, our backs and fdes they workupotJ 
 ^and diicharge their humour of cruelty : in otir good name ( an indignity unfupportable) we are 
 •'didained. depraved, and deamed : yea openly in the face of the world, they ceale not tocom- 
 " mit outrages againli us, ev en to u urp and extend their authority over us, and to try malleries 
 " upon us with extremity: to the end that we Lycians might be put of all doubt, that there is no 
 
 D '■ difference between us and flaves bought and fold for hlver in open market. The Senat moved 
 with thefe remonllran.es by the Lycians, addreffed their letters to theRhodianscothiseffed, 
 that it was no part of their meaning and intent, that the Lycians fliould be flaves to the Rhodi- 
 an^: or that any other born free, fhould be enthralled by any perfon: but their willwas, that the 
 Ly ian; lliould in lu;h terms live under the government andprotedlionoftheRhodians, that 
 both States. the one as well as the other. mi^jht ranoe and frame themfeh es like "ood afiociacs un- 
 der the Dominion and Empire of ^(7wi?. 
 
 After this followed twotriumphs over Spam.one immcdiatly upon another : Hrft, ScmpruKiui 
 Gracchus over theCeltiberians: and the morrow after, L,Prft!mniiits\^ ^Jhinus ] over theLafi- 
 tanians and other Spaniards of thofe parts. T ih .Gr^nclntscitntd in fliew 46000 pound weight of 
 
 E hlver: and .I'/'/ijwf cwenty thoufand.Boih of them divided amongrheir lou.diers twenty five De- 
 narii apeece to each Centorion the fame double,and trebble to every horfeman. Thus did they 
 alfo by allies as well as by Romans. 
 
 It fortuned about that timc,that //.y.'<>;<«/ the Confu!, came out of/firrato Rome,hy ocafion 
 oftheele^ion which wastohe holden:and when the two Tribunes of tlie Commons, 'Papyri- 
 »f and Lictuiiis-, bad in the prefence of the Senat baited and we.iried him with interrogatories, as 
 touchingiheaffairs palled \t\'':ftna, they brought him forth alfo before the body of the people, 
 '^ To which qiiertiont. after that the Confulhad anfwered, how he had not been above 11 dales 
 " in the Province: and asforthe things that bapned inhis abfence, hcknevv no otherwi'.e than 
 '' they did.only by the common bruit and report : then they went on urging him Hill, and asking 
 
 * '' how i' came to pafs.that A.MMdtus rather came nor to Rome, to give account unto the State, 
 '- whyhepaffedoutot fT.W(whi:h was his allotted Province)into .•y?r;.r? and to fiiew,whenic 
 ''was that either the Senat dccieed, orthepeople of .Seiw? granted by their voices toenterprife 
 *•■ that war' But haply it may be faid(qd.he)that albeit the war was undertaken only upon his own 
 '' head alone: yet nodoubt,cxecuted it was right worthily with policy and valour.Nay.I wis,but 
 '•* far conrrari wife: and hard it is to fayvwhether ift were begun more lewdly, than managed incon- 
 '* hderatly.Two entire coyptdeo^uards were on a fudden atunawares furprized by the Iftrians:the 
 'f Rom in camp wasforced & taken,with all the flrength of horfe and foot that was therein : the 
 '- rell fcatrered without arms and the Cof. himfelf was the formoft man that ran away to the fea 
 '^fideonto thefhip^:and furely be fhould reader an account o[all thefe matters, whcnheisa 
 
 G'« privar perfon ^<2,\m fince that he fliould not do k being Cof.This floriji paO the generall affem- 
 bly for the Magiftr.us eleftion was holden .• wherein were created Co{\.C.CLi:<diHs Pulcher, and 
 Til'.Se.'.,proniusGrocchfs.l\M nextday following were the Pta;torscholen: to \yii,P.t/£linsTu- 
 ^^rff the fecond umeC.Ofiimhfs FUmininuu C.Mitv.ifius C ,M»n^mmi .Cn. Cornelius Scipo-,^v\d C, 
 Vdrri-As Lavh.us.Ths ci vlTl jurifdi£tion of the City fell to T(tbero^t\\z fortam to Qui>,tins.T\\z^O' 
 vermncnt of Sicily w^.s al.ot^ed to Numifists: oiSardi>"-i to Mnmmiu<. Howbcit,this Province 
 bvrcilon of thereat war therein became the charge of the Cof. Andbylotit feUto{jr.if<r/^«^: 
 •* ° bue
 
 882 ^be one and fortieth Boo\ ofT.LWms. 
 
 but lflria.x.0 ClMciiHs his CoUegue. GanL was div ided into two Provinces ; whereof Scifio by lot H 
 obtained one,and L"<w««^ the other. 
 
 Upon the Ides oiAfarch^OD which day Semfra^ius znd Chudius ertred their Confulfliipjmo- 
 ved it was only in the Senat, as touching Sardinia and Jfiria, and the enemies to both thole Pro- 
 vinces. who there had levied war. But the morrow after, the Embafladorsot the Sardinians be- 
 in" referred over to the new Magiltrats, and L.Mtnuttus Thcrmus who had been Lieiucrsnt to 
 the Conful Mardius\T\ Jjfrta.taiicd into the Senat-houfe.By them the Scnat was infcrnied how 
 dangerous the wars were in thofe Provinces. Movedlikewife were the Senators by the c mbal- 
 fiesottheLatineoliies, who in the end were admitted into theSen^t atcer they hadimportured 
 the Cenfors and Confuls of the former year: the Turn ot their complaint:was this. That their 
 own Citizens being once enrolled at Koft.-e^ were moft of them departed and removed thither to j 
 dwell: which it it might be fufFered,withinfevv reviews and celling? it would come to pals.tbat 
 their Cities {liciild be difpeopied and defolat, their villages and fields defarc and wafie, and able 
 to fet out no fouldiersfor the wars. Semblably the Samnits and Pelignians complained,that tour 
 thoufand houGiolds were gone from them^and retired to FregelU ; and yet neither the one na- 
 tion or the other, were fet at a Icfs proportion offouldiers inalltheir levies. Tv»o cautelous 
 means and devices there were brought op, whereby men changed thus their Cities at pleafure. 
 ilhe Law granted this indulgence to the allies of the Latine nation, as many aslettiflueoftheic 
 race behind them in their houle,That they fhould be reputed Citizens of Rome. By abufingthis 
 LaWjfomedid injury to their allies,othcr wronged the people ot^owe: f"Gr,both they that were 
 to leave fuchifliie at home, gave their children,as it were, in villenage to Tome Roman Citizen j^ 
 or other whom they liked ot; with condition to manumife and make them free^that they might 
 be Tribesor enfranchifed Citizens. And they alio who wanted iflbe to leave behind them, were 
 held as Citizens ot Rome. But in prorefs of time without any of thefe colourable pretences of 
 right>without regard of law and relped of iffue.they crept in ?nd had the benefit of the Burgeflie 
 and trcedomof /Jowf , by their tranfmigraticn thitherto inhabit, by enrolment in the reviews. 
 To meet with thefe pradliles, the embaffadors craved a remedy tor the time to come: as alio that 
 they would peremptorily command ail their allies to repair again to their own Cities : with an 
 exprefs inhibition, that no man fliould receive any other to be his vaflail and villain,and lo to a- 
 lienat him, with intention by that means to change the City wherein helived : and that who- 
 Ibever became Citizens of^owe after that manner, fliould not becounted for a Citizen. Thefe L 
 petitions were granted by the Senat. Then were de. rees paffed for thofe provinces of Iflria and 
 Sardinia which were inarms^to wit, for the enrolling of two legions inio S,rrdtma-,\\2i\\pg either 
 ofthem five thoufnd and two hundied foot, and three hundred horfe, befides twelve thouiand 
 footmen, and (5oo horlemen of the Latine allies ; and ten quinquiremes or galleaces, with five 
 banks o'ioars^in cafe the Generall would warp them outof thearfenall. The like number as well 
 of the Infantry as Cavalry,was alTigned tor y/?r/,r,TheConiuls alfo wereenjoyned to fend to Af. 
 Tnimus in Spl^|}2-or\t legion with three hundred horfe, befides 5000 footmen of allifs, and 250 
 horlemen. , ■ 
 
 Betore that the Confuls cafl lots for their Provinces.certain prodigies were reported.Namely, 
 that in the territory of Cr;/7?/)!w/«w, there tell from heaven a It one in the lake o\ Alarr: That in j^j 
 the territory of A'oflsf there was an infant born like a very flump, vithout head, feet. 01 hands: 
 and a fnake or ferpenr feen foi;r-l'ooted. That in the market-place of Capua, many houles were 
 I'mittenwith thunderbolts and lightning. Alio at /'«ffo/;twolliips were let on fire by lightning, 
 and burnt. Whiles ihefe prodigious wonders were by others related, there was feen a woli alfo 
 intheday timeatRo»;d', which having entred at chegateCo///«<f, after much courfing and hun- 
 ting, with much ado and nolle of them that followed the chace, efcaped away from them all, and 
 pafled through the Efcjudine gate. In regard of thefe firange tokens,theCofl'. killed greaterbealls 
 for lacrifice: and for one whole day, a folemn fupplicacionand prayers were made at ail the 
 Ibrines and altars of thegods, Thefe facrifices done and paft, accordingly as it appertained, the 
 CofT.calf lots for their provinces : and to Claudius^ befell Iftria^to Semproniiis, Sardinia. ^ 
 
 After this,C-, Claudius publilhed a Law by vertue of an ordinance of the Senat.in favour of al- 
 lies; and proclaimed That thofe allies,ahd namely.of the L atine nation,wbo either thcmfelves or 
 their anceftor'?, had been enrolled rmong the Latine allies, during the Cenforfhip of J/4rr/tf 
 Cl.:udiv:s^ zv.d Titus QtiiKtiHs-, or any time afterwards, fliould make return every man into his 
 own City, betore the firllday o{ Novemhir next enfuing. hvid Lucius Mtmimimth.zVxxx.ox. 
 had incommilTion to cnquireand fcarch for thofe that returned not accordingly. TothisLiw 
 and Edi(ft abovefaid of theConful, an adalfoof theSenat was adjoyned, That the Diiftator, 
 Conful, Interregent, Cenfor, and Lord chief Juflice in the Common Pleas for the time be- 
 ing, fhoulc endeavour and take order, that whofoever were manumifed and made free, fliould 
 take an oath, That he whom-inumifedorentranchifed him,did itnot with an intent, fortoex-Q 
 change the City wherein he was : and look who would not thus fwear. him theyti ous;ht not 
 worthy to bemam:mifed,But his charge and jurildidion was attervvardscommitted toC.C/W/- 
 /^/ the Conful. 
 
 Whiles thefe affairs pafled it Rome-, M.Jt)mnsir\A A.Afayilius, ,who had been Corruls the 
 vcnr before, having wintered w yicjfiileia, in the beginning of the Spring entered with an army 
 inio the frontires of JJfria. VVhcre,as they made walfe and fpoil far and near as they went, the 
 
 Iflrians
 
 The one and fortieth Boo{^ of T.Li viuso 882 
 
 A Iffrians entred into a commotion and took arms, rather iipongrief of heart and indignation to 
 fee their goods thus pilled and ranl'acked, than tor any aflured hope they had ot their mffi.ienLe 
 to make head againit two armies.Havingthererore railed a concoiirle of their able youth f.omall 
 their Cities and States they ali'embled in halte a fudden and tumuuuary army, which at thehrii 
 gave battell,and fought more in heat of courage.than with perliHance of refclution. In conflict 
 there were (lain ot them to the number of tour thcufand ; the reli abandoned ah war, and fled 
 here and thereinto their Cities. From themethey Icntembalfadors firlt into the Roman tamp 
 to crave peace. and then the hoflages which were demanded. Atcer inteliigencegi\cn ixRomeoi 
 thel'e news by the letters of the Pro-Conl'uis, C. CLmduts the Conful fearing lelt this occurrence 
 plight pnc him by thegovernment of his Province and the conduit ofthearrny, without lo- 
 Blemn prayers and vow? made,without hisLiitorsclad in their coats of arms j.depdrtcdfuddenly 
 ingreathalle(all of the head ^ by night towards his Province, and made no man privy thereto, 
 but only his Collegoe.His voyage thither was no: lo rafh and inconndcrat, but his carriaoe there 
 was more foolifli and undifcreet: for being thither come, heaffembled a generall audience ; 
 where aiter he had \ ery unl'eafonnbly reproac hcd Ai.inliw for hii runninj^ a way out of the camp , 
 (tothe great diUontentment of the fouldiers.who were thehrll: thatfied ;) and with opprobri- 
 ous term-;(iiakenup Ai.'jnmmiW.o for taking part in this diflionourwi til his ccmpnionrin the 
 end he commanded them both to avoid out of the Provinte. Whereupon thefouldiers madean- 
 fwer again snduid: That they wcuid then obey the Confuls commandment, when (auordint^ 
 to the ancient cultomeoi their fore-fathers)he hadmjde his folemn vowswithin the Capitoil" 
 C 3nd then taken hi> leave and departed out of the City, accompanied with his Ufners in their 
 rich cOcUs of arms,warlike. Herat he was fo far enraged with anger,thjt he>,alieduponthetrea- 
 furers deputy belonging to M .»'• .s for chains and gyves and menaced to lend Jumus and Mm- 
 //«^ both bound lo Rome. But the deputy likewifc made as liicie reckoning of the Confiils com- 
 mandment : and the more animated he wasto difobey the Conful, byrcafon that he was backed 
 by the whole hoH round ibout him ; who as they fupported the caufe of their Captains and Lea- 
 ders,l'o they hated the Condil at the heart. ln>.onclu(ion, the Conful being loadenand wearied 
 with the contumelious and railing behaviour oie^ery one in parti ular, and with the trumps and 
 taunc^of the multitude in gi.nerail ( for they liuck not over and behdes to mock him and make a 
 laughing flork of him) he went hi< waies again to AqutUta in the lamcfliip wherein he came. 
 D From thence he wrote unto his Collegue by an Edid, to charge thole new fouldiers who were 
 enrolled lor/y?r.<i,to meet at ^g(«//«M:totheend that nobufinefoniou!dkeephimati?<?»;e, buc 
 that with all fpeed be might depart from the City inhis coat of armsjand after he hadconceived 
 and pronounced tus vo.ms ac< ordingly.His companion in oftire was wellcontent-and did all thel'e 
 things requilit full willingiy : and a fhort day was affigncd for the affembling of the fouldiers ac 
 the Rer.dc-.vouz. 3ho\tn>mc6. Bm C/a-^di wwzs at iJswe well-near as foon as his letters ; where, 
 athisfirHcominoJie m.'dc an Oration in the publike audience of the people,,as touching the de- 
 meanor or" M..-il!ti< and Jiuiius' nnd having (faid no longer than three d.iies AtRome, he fet out 
 with his Liiftorsi'ormally in their coat-aimour, when he had made his vows Iblemnly in the Ca- 
 pitol. and fo departed into his Province again with as much celerity and haftc(itnot more) as he 
 £ came trom thence. 
 
 Some fevv dales before, Junius and ^te//*« began to aff:^ult by all forcible means the town 
 7Vf/!f/«W;into which the principall peiibns of thel(irians,and e/£/-«/tftheit King, were retired. 
 Cliiudittit with his two new legions', prel'ented himfelfbefore the town; and after he had dil- 
 charged the old armies and their commanders^ laid liege unto it, and intended to torce it vvith 
 mantlets and engins of battery .The courfeahb of the river which ran along bei:de the walls, and 
 not only empeached the adaiunts bur yielded water unto the beheged, hedivertedinto anotheit 
 new channelLand bellowed many dales work thereabout. This mij),hti!y atfrighted the barbirous 
 people, to fee bovv they were cut off from wnter.Howbeit.they neverthoughtofpeace for al this, 
 butfellinhand to kill their wives and children; and whenthey had fodonc(becau;e they would 
 F piefent to the view ot their enemies.fo horrible a fatf and fearful! fpe(Sfacle)they malfacred them 
 upon the walls openly in their light, and then threw them headlong down. Whiles the (illy wo- 
 men and poor Iniantsf'amidlf (heirpitious ard lamentable crier.) were thus cruelly murdcred,ihc 
 Roman fouldiers mounted over their walls and entred into the City. Their King when he once 
 perceived(by the tean'nll outcries of rhofe who fled ) that the town was loll ; for feir he Hiould 
 (je taken alive Habbed him'elf v^ith his dagger to the heart. Allthe rcR were either taken prifo- 
 ners or killed. After this.t wo other tow^^, M:itila3x\A Favsria^ were won by alTault and rafed. 
 The pillage was greater than a man would have looked for in fo poor a nation: which was be- 
 flowed every whit upon the 'buldiers.Fivethoufandhxhundred and tvvoand thirty pcrfons were 
 fold out-right in port- fale under the '^uirhnd. The Captains ofthis war werefirlf f ourged wich 
 Qtods and then '-^e'neaded.Thus 'fir a by theruinof thrcctowns and thrde^th of their King, was 
 appeafcd : andalltheCities nd State thereof frcm e\ ery quarter, camein wiih their hofiages, 
 made fubmiffion.and did fealty and horn v.-e t^i theRomans. 
 
 The Tllrians war was no fooner ended but the Ligi'ri >n" began to complot tor to t tike arms and 
 enter into rebellion.T'.n uid'w tbePro-Cof. ' wl:t> the former ye.^r h.id been Praetor was gover- 
 nour and commander ar that time of ^ifa wir^ ' :-?rri'bn ol^onc egion.The Senu being .idverti- 
 fed thereof by his letterS)ihought good to (end the very fame letters to CCLwdius (for the other 
 
 Confal
 
 884 ^'^^ <^»^ and fortieth Boo\ o»/T.Livius. 
 
 Conl'ul was already pafied over into Sardinia •) and wichall, a decree was granted out to this ef- H 
 fedt, Thatconfideringhehad performed his commiiTion in y/?ri<i, fo as there remained no more 
 for him to do ther£,he fhoul<i(if he thought fo good)traDfport his army into L/^m<?.Moreover, 
 npon the Confnl his letters, wherein he wrote what exploits he had atchieved in JJiriay there 
 was ordained afolemn proceflionfor two daies together.Semblabiyjihe other Coniiil Tih.Sem- 
 ■prcmtis-, managed his alfairs as happily in Sardinia : he entred with an army into the country of 
 the Sardinian llians. Great aids were come from theBaiarans to relieve and luccour thofe llians: 
 with both thefe nations he fought a battell in pitched field. The enemies were difcomfited and 
 put to flight,turned out of their camp^and 1 2000 armed men (lain. The morrow alter, the Cof. 
 commanded all their armor and weapons to be gathered together and laid on an heap ; and this 
 he burned as a facrifice to the honour o'i Vulcan. Which done, he retired with his victorious ar- j 
 my into the affociat Cities ^there to pafsthe winter. 
 
 C.CUudius likewife,upon receit of the letters ot T.Clmdists, and the commifTion directed fromi 
 the Senatjmarched with his legions out o^ Ifiria'inio Liguria : where* the enemies were come 
 down into the plains jand lay encamped near the river 5(r«/; <?««.?, In which place there was a bat- 
 tell fought : 1 50C0 of them were put to the fword, and not fo few as 700 taken prifoners, either 
 , in the conflifl, or within the Camp ; for that alio was forced and won : belides, 5 x enfigns they 
 
 loft.The Liguriansjas many as efcaped the execution,fled on all fides to the mountains for refuge; 
 and notwithrtandingthat theConfulfpoiled and waited their champain country, there was not 
 one man made fliew of arms.Thus Cb.ndius having in one year vanquiflied and fubdued two na- 
 tions,and in one Confulfhip fa rare felicity in any other man)reduced other two Provinces into jj 
 quietnefs and peace,returned to Rome, 
 
 Certain prodigious and monflrous fights v»ere that year reported, to wit, in the territory of 
 Crtiflumiam-i certain foul,called Sangualis^ with her bill pierced into a facred ftone. In Camfain 
 a Beef fpakc : at Syracafa a bull that firaied out of the fields from the herd, lept the brazen cow 
 there in the City, and did his kind. In the territory oi CruftumiHrn-, there was a fupplication and 
 proceflion holden one day long in the very place of the forefaid prodigious fign.ln Campam, the 
 beefor cow aforefaid, was put out to be kept and fed at the charges of the City. Laft ofall^the 
 fcod'igy of Syracufa,vf3s expiatbya purgatory facrificcjby direftion from the foothfaiers to what 
 gods,iupplications Sc facrifice (hould be made.That year died M.Clar.diMs MarcellKS the Bifliop, 
 who had been Cof,and Cenfor.In his ftead M.Marceilnsbi\$ fon was confecrated Bidiop. Like- l 
 wife in the lame year,there was a Colony of 2000 Citizens of Rome planted at L«c<».TheTriumvirs 
 or the Commiflioners who had the conduft and placing of them, were P.tyElius, L.EgiliHs.,zTid 
 Cn.Sicinius : one and fifty acres of land and an half was fet out for them apiece to occnpy,out of 
 the territory late conquered from the Ligurians, and which had been fometime the pofleflion of 
 the Tufcans-^before it was holden by the Ligurians. 
 
 Then came the Conful C.C/<?«^w/ to theCity ofiJowf, where after he had difcourfed before 
 
 theSenat,astouchingtheprofperousexecution ofhis affairs,as wellin/y?r/^as Ligitria-Scthere- 
 
 upon demanded a triumph.he foon obtained that honour; and during his Magiftracy triumphed 
 
 atonceover thofe two nations. In which folemnity ofhis triumph, he carried in fliew 307000 
 
 'VlRoviim. Deniers.and * 85702 Viiftoriats. He gave to every common [Roman] fouldier fifteen Denarii a- j^j 
 
 the fame tluc peece,adoub!e proportion to the Centurions, and thrice as much to every horfeman. Butupon 
 
 ^uirmnui. the allies he bellowed lefs by the one moity than to natural Citizens : and therefore as they fol- 
 
 »e. hslfDtw^- lowed his chjri't,they were filent and faid never a word : amanthat hadfcenthem would have 
 
 Inuge ot r<- '3id they were malecontent. 
 
 doiy ftao'ped During thetime of this triumph, the Ligurians perceiving that not only the Conful his army 
 •J j)on it. was brought home to Rome^i^i the legion alfo at Pi[<s. difcharged by T. Claudius : thinking now all 
 
 fe.irpart and overblown,fecretly levied a power; and having pafled over the crofs frontiers, by 
 traverfing the w jics through the muontains,defcended into the downs,, and wafted thedemains 
 of /t/oif«;i,and by fudden affault furprifed the very Colony, The news hereof was no fooner arri- 
 ved at Rome^MX. ihr Senat commanded C.f/^W/w/ the Confal to hold the high Court for thefo- m 
 lemn cleclion, with allconvenientfpeed :thatfo foon as new annuall Magiftrates were created, 
 he might return into his Province, and-perforce recover this Colony out of their hands. Soac- 
 coreingto the advice and ordinance of the Senat the faid aflembly was holden: wherein weree- 
 le6^ed Confuh Cn. Cornelius Scipw Hi(pahts^ and Q^.Petilitis Sfuriw.s. Then were the Prsturs af- 
 ltZ'Nixdi<i\\o\zr\,iovi\x.^M.Poj)iltHsLe>iM^ V.LiciniHsCraffHS-, MjComelius Scij>io, L.?apyrius 
 Mrfo.Af, AlinriHSiZnd L.AqwlmsGallus. The Conful C-CUuiius had his Patent fealed again for 
 one year loPiier, to continue in command of the army, and government of the Province GJlta. 
 And for fe^r left the Hill rians likewife fhould follow the exam'ple of the Ligurians, he had com- 
 milfion to lend thofe allies of the Latine nation,whom he had brought out of his Province for to 
 lolemnizc his triumph. q 
 
 Upon th-it very day, on which theConfuIs, C»eus Cornelius znd QuintftsVctiUus entered their 
 Magiftracy.and lacrificed each ofthem an oxe as the manner was.in the honour of Jupitcr.ln that 
 beaft which 0^P«/7/«.caufed to be flain, theliver was found headlefs. When he had reported 
 this accident unto the Senat, he was enjoyned to ficrifice another beef.for toappeafe the wrath 
 ofthegods. Moved then it was in the Senat houfe as concerning the Provinces, andadecree 
 paflcd^that both Confuls fliouldbe lent to P//"<£,and againft the Ligurians : but order was given, 
 
 that
 
 The one and fortieth Boo^ofTJuiyms. 88*5 
 
 A chat whether of themhad the charge of Pifa allotted unto him.he fliould (when the time came) 
 repair to Rome againlUhe eleilion of" yearly Magiltrats. Moreoverj there was, mother branch of 
 lhisdecree,that either of them fliould enroll two new legions, and three hundred horlemen and 
 levy oftheLatine allies ten thouland toot apiete,and lix hundred horie.And r.c'/.W/.'.'/continu- 
 edliillin full command, untilifuih time asiheConlul was arrived in his Pro. in e. Whiles theic 
 matters were thus debated and palled in the CounallHoufe, C». Cer«f//«^ was called forth by a 
 bailiff or Ufher. And within a while after he was gone out of the Femple, he returned thither a- 
 gain with an heavy and difmaiedcouncenan.e,ard de^lartd rnto th?LL.cf theSenatjthat the li- 
 ver of that oxe whkh heaifo had killed for lacritice, abeali of lix years old and welilikin", was 
 confumed and come to nothing; and when he hardiy beleeved the Minifter attending upon the 
 
 B facrifice, who told himhereof^thathimfcifcaufed the water to be poured forthof the pot where- 
 in the tripes and inwards were fodden, where he faw the red of the tripes and cmr^ilcs full and 
 whole,butail the liver walked away,aftera wondcrfu.and miraculous manner ,noc to befpoken. 
 The LL. weie much terrified and amazed at this prodigious objeihand the more perplexed were 
 they, for that the other ConfnUike wife related unto them, how inre;3ard that in his- facrifice the 
 liver wanted anhcadjhehad killed three oxen more.one after anoiherr.rd yet could not procure 
 the favour and grace of the god?. Hereupon the Senat com.mardvd him (till to facrifice thefc 
 greaterbealb, untillfuch limeas he had his de.ire. and the gcdi were pleafcd again. Nowitis 
 faid, thatall the other gods were well enough contented, and their ire mitigated2ndappea''ed, 
 only the goddefs* 5..'/«/,/^(ff;7/«jcouldnot bereconi.i!ed imco for all that eve: he might do.Then 'H.alth; 
 
 CiheColT. and Pritors committed the difpofition of their Provinces to the arbitremcrt of the 
 lots, Pif<£^t\\ to CorneliuSfiDd Liguria to "Petilnts.hi'iot the Prxtors, L, P.fyritts A<faJo was Lord 
 chief Jurtice by lot appointed, within the City ofallCiti7ens pleas, ard ■^^..-hriashzd the ju- 
 rifdiction over ftrangers: .1/. Con.elius Scip:o A-f //(rnjeijfis had the charge to govern the lower 
 Sfa», and L. Acjudtus G MIhs ,Siciiy .l\\tx.7io Praetors behind, requelkd earnefUy that they might 
 not be fent into their Provinces,and namely,-/'^. Popilms into Sardi/iia : alledging, that ihacc'hsis 
 was able to quiet that Ilhnd ; and the rathefjfor that 7'.£^//r/;</thePrxtor wasby theScnat ad- 
 joyoed to him fora/Tiifance: neither was it good to interrupt courfes begun, thecontinuity 
 
 ' whereof is the mod effei^^uall means to exploit any great important affairs. For what with deli- 
 vering up the fword by the old L. Deputy, and receiving it by the new fuccefibr (whom it were 
 
 P more meet firlt to be trained up in knowledge of the State, than to be put to the managing of 
 State-mjtters)oftentimes the good opportunities of atchieving brave enterpriles pafs by and are 
 lo(f .This excufeof ?opilins was held for good,and fo approved. Then comes V.LiaytiittCrajfds, 
 and he for his part made allegations why he might not go into his Province: namely, byoccafi- 
 on of the folemnfacrifice,that he was to give his attendance upon.Now the higher part oi Spain 
 was allotted unto him. But commanded was he either to go into his Province, orelfe to take 
 oath in a frequent and fullaflembly of the people ,that the folem.n lacrifice(as hepretendcd)was 
 the thing that hindered him,3nd nothing elle. This order being let down and thus pafled in the 
 behalf oT P. Lkmiuj: then tleps me up /i-f. Cor^el'us, and required them to take an oath of him 
 likewife, that he might not go into the nether Province of ^/i.v/V. Soboththefe Prxtorswere 
 
 t fworn according to one and the fame form of oaih. Whereupon A/.T!t:;::us and T.Fo-^te .'//were 
 commanded to remain in quality and place of ProConluls within Spi.-».znd retain Hill the fame 
 authority and power of command : and order was granrcd, that tor to fuppiv their forces, there 
 Hiould be fent unto them three thoufand Citizens of A'aw*;- with two hundred horfe, and alfo 
 live thoufanJ f atineallies,and three hundred horfemcn. 
 
 The folemnity of the Latine holydaies began the * third day beforethe Nones of Af.vr. where- » y.of AUy. 
 in, becaufeatthefacrificing of one beafttheMagiHrateofLt>7»t-/«w in his prayer left outthefc 
 words [ Pop;Ji RomaniOHirinitra ] and prayed not for the good ellate of the people of Roks-hv.A 
 the Qiiiritsitbreda fcruple.Thematter was moved in the Senat, and the Senat referred it over 
 lo the Colledge of the Billiops and Prelats of the Chur..h. And they pronounced this award ,That 
 
 f forafmuch as tho'.'e Latine fearts were not folemnized as they ought, they Hiou'd begin again a- 
 new : and that the Citizens of Lamiviitm, by whofedefanlt ihey were thus tobe renewed ihouid 
 be at the charges of all thebealts for facrifice. Moreover, to breed morefearfu.lfcrupulohty in 
 mens minds, it fortuned that C;7ir/</Cor»f/;M) the Conful as he returned from that folemnity out 
 of the Alban mountain fell down in a fit of Apoplexy : whi.h turned into an IJemijL'aino:dsid 
 palfie all the one lide of his body, and fo he was conveyed to the bath and hot waters at Cumes : 
 where,by occafionthat his difeafe grew uponhim (ViU, he departed this life; from whence he 
 was brought to Ko-jjf, and there carried forth in all magnificenceof funerall obfequiei and rii^hc 
 honourably interred.He had been Bifiiop alfo as well as Conful.^./'fff//w the other Conuil be- 
 ing commanded to hold an affembly for thefurrogation ola Collcguc unto him,/fo fonn as polTi- 
 
 >- blyhemight be warranted bytheaufpices and approbation of ihelacred birds ) and withall, to 
 proclaim'and puhlill-i the Latine fealls and holydaies aforcfaid ; lummoned t he election agiuift 
 the * third day before the Nones oi Sextilii : and theLatine folemnity, the thirdday likewifebe- ' ^ .-if AuguR. 
 forethe ' Ides of the fame month. "" "' ^W. 
 
 Whiles mens minds were much pofCeffed already with religion, and fet upon their devoti- 
 ons, word was brought moreover ofcertain fearlull prodigies : tb wit,rhat at Tufcuhm there was 
 feen a burning flaniein thesky: that atC^j^^j, the Temple of Jpolh, and many privatemens 
 
 houles:
 
 886 The one and fortieth Boo\ ofTLWms. 
 
 houfes: likewife at Gravtfca the town wallaEd one of the gates were fmitten with thunderbolts. H 
 For the procurat ion whereofj the LL. of the Senat ordained that the Bifhops ftiould give order 
 according to their difctetion. 
 
 Whiles the Conluls were thus ftaid^firft boih^by their own fcrupulous holinefs j then one of 
 them by the death ot'the other 5 and afterwards by occalion of the new eleftion and therenew- 
 in" of the Latine feltivall folemnity : C. CLtudius in the mean time approached with his army to 
 ModcKAy which the Ligurians the year before had won. He had not continued the ticge full 
 three daies;.but he forced the Colony : and having thus recovered it fromthe enemies, he retto- 
 red it again to the former inhabitants. Eight ihoufand Ligurians died there witbinihe walls up- 
 on the fwoid : and immediatly he dil'patched his letters to Rome^ wherein he not only declared 
 the hmple news but glorified him and made his boalf , That through his fortitude and fortune, j 
 both the Romans had not an enemy thatdurR fhew his head on this fide the ^Ips ; and ihat he 
 had conquered fo much land as might ferve for to be dis idcd by the poU-^among many thoufands. 
 Tth.SemfroniKs likewife at the fame time, fought many fottunat battels in S^^rdt-^la-, and utterly 
 tamed and fubdned the Iflanders : i jcoo enemies he there flew: all the States ot that nation 
 which had revoked, were reduced to obedience under the people oiRome'- the old tributaries had 
 an impofition and exaction laid upon them of a double tribute, which they lurely paid : the reit 
 were put to a contribution of corn. After he had fet the Prov ince in quietnels, and received out 
 of the whole Ifland two hundred and thirty hoihges, he lent certain Lieutenants as meflengers 
 to make report at ivowf of all his proceedings: whoalfo in hisbehalt fhould make fuit unto the 
 Senat,That in regard of the happy fuccefs in thofe exploits under the charge,*, ondoft^andfortune jj 
 of T'b.Semprontmi firft, due honour, praife,and tharkfgiving might be rendred to the immortall 
 gods; and ihenjthathimfelf might be allowed at his departure out ofthe Province to bring away 
 his army with him. Jhe Senat gave audience to the meffengers abovefaid within the Temple of 
 ^4pollo : and upon their relation ordained a generall proceflion for two dales : commanding the 
 Cofl.to facrihce 40 head of greater beads: and withall,enjoyned T'b.SeniproninsXht Pro-Con- 
 ful to continue that year with his army in that ProvinLe.Thenthe election which had been pub- 
 "Thethicd oi liQied againli the * third day beiore the NonCs oi Sext.lis for the fubfiitution of one of the ColT. 
 Augu^. ^as the fame day accompliflied.And Q^.Peci/:us ihc Cof.created for his Colks^uejM.Fa/cr his Lx- 
 
 vimt, for to enter immediatly into his Magiliracy. This Litvinus had been a long time defirous 
 to be employed in fome Province or other: and fitly it fell out forhis longing defire that letters L 
 came,importing how the Ligurians rebelled and were gone out again in arms. So after he once 
 • j.of ^«»;//?. heard the contents of ihefeleiters,he made no longer Bay, but upon the very* Nones oiSexti- 
 lU all goodly to be feen in his warriors coat of arms, he commanded the third legion ( by occafi- 
 on of this alarm) to go into Ymnce., to C. ( l.ittdms the Pro- Conful : alfo the Duumvirs or two 
 wardens for the ports and navy. to go to fL-a.and with a fleet to make fail for f/j^Sc from thence 
 to coart about all L/^«ri-«,and thus by hovering upon the leas, to terrific the enemies that way al- 
 fo, O, Petilms likewife the Cof.had appointed a day for his army to meet in the fame place. More- 
 over, C.Cl'-nd-ui the Pro-Conful advertifed of the Ligurians revolt, over and befides thofe for- 
 ces which he had about him at Parma, levied in haHe a flrength of more fouldiers ; andfo with 
 hiscompleat army approached the borders of the Ligurians. The enemies uponthe arrivallofC. j^j 
 CL'-adttis by vvhoie condudi: they well remembred how late they had been difcomfited and put to 
 flight near the river Sr«/f(?»»<«,minding to feek for defence rather by the flrength of advantagious 
 places than force of arms, againft that power of his which to their coft they had before tried, 
 * VAip'iM feized thetwo hils, * Letnszjad BJ,fta, about which they raifed a mure alfo for their better fafe- 
 Tilegmo. jy^ But fuch as lagged behind and quit thechampain plainesand lower grounds with thelatett, 
 were furpriied and cut fliort, to the number of fifteen hundred. The reft kept within the moun- 
 tains : who albeit they were in fear and danger of their own parts,yet forgot not their inbred cru- 
 elty ; but ran upon the booties and prizes which they had taken at Mode-na^ their poor prifoners 
 whom they held captive they pitioufly mangled, and killed mofl villanoufly : as for the beafts in 
 the Temples c- cry vvhere,they rather hacked. hewed, and cut in peeces butcher like, than facrifi- jij 
 ced in deccnt,feemly ,and religious manner. Thus being fatisfied with the bloud and maffacre of 
 living creatures, theytookalltheirbreathlefs things they had, and reared and fluck them upon 
 the wals ; and namely, implements of all forts, made rather for ufe and neceffity than ornament 
 and Qiew.^. Pcv.l.tts the Confu!,for fearlelf the war would be ended in his abfence,dil'pat:hed bis 
 letters to ^.C/.t««/;//, tohafleaway with his army into fr/!w<?, for he would attend his com- 
 ing upon the plains called Mam. Upon the receit of which letters,C/^«<i;«/diflodged out of L«- 
 ^^«>-/.;,and delivered unto the Conful his army at the faid plains called yW^.'(r>-;.Few daies after came 
 C-iitts K'.lcriits the Other Conful thither alfo. There they divided their forces, and before they 
 departed one from the other, they both together made a furvey and review of their feverall 
 armies. This done theycaft lots into what quarters they fliculd either of them go, for that they q 
 held it not good policy to charge the enemy both of them joyntly in onepart. Now certain 
 it is, that ^Mentis received his lot accordingto the aufpicesjin that hewas within the precincl of 
 the Temple or profpcifl by the Augur alTigned. But Pctiliiu herein made default (asthe Augurs 
 pronounced aftcrwards)and namely the error was herein, becaufe he being himfelt without the 
 compafs aford'aid, had put the lot into thecasket, which was carried afterwards within the cir-_ 
 cult of the faid Temple.This done^they went into divers quarters: ?<•;///;*/ encamped affront that' 
 
 bank
 
 1 be one and fortieth Bool^ of T.Livius. 88 1 
 
 A bank and rifing of the hill between Bal.-fiand Ler«f,whkh by a continual ridge nniieft and joy- 
 nethiheoDe mountain to the other. There as he was exhorting his fouldiers /n open andien.e, 
 he let fall (by report) an ominous vvord-pretas^ing his own death never thinking of the ambigiii- 
 ryanddupleconHruitionthereof;raying,thathewouldthdtvcryday*<:.r;.rrfZ'f/«w.Intwofeier- , 
 
 al places at once he began to mount up the bills. That regiment whereinhewa himfclUadvanced thufwriHcif" 
 forward coura"iou(ly : but the other was repulled and beitcn back by the enemies: whereupon with a opitd 
 the Confu' rode full oillop to help that i-de whidi went down: and in very truth retlsim his men f. figni&;£h, 
 he did fromrunning°away;but whiles withoutgood xcgud of his own perfon he kept before the ^ ° B''" [^^ 
 enlionsin the forefront,he chanced to be fliot through with a darr, and lo fell down dead in the ^'j,, ['^iJl 
 place. The enemies were not aware of the Generals death: but lome few of his own men who /. (which the 
 
 Rfawh'im tail, made halt (as knowing well that in it conhlfcd now the main viffory) to cover his ear cannot di- 
 body .So the'reli of the multitude, as welUav airy as infamrvjcnptainlefs as they were,di(rcizcd the fl'nguifli; i>n- 
 enemics and were maikrs of the mountains. Of Ligurians there were flain 5000: of the Roman ^Xl"hdettb ' 
 army not above two and fifty. Now beCides this ei idem iiTue and event which fell out upon fo •> rakriusMa'. 
 heavy and deadly a prefage by the * omen aforefaid, the puUetier aifo was heard to fay, that all xiunn rcpur. 
 
 vvasnotwcUin the aufpice^oithe birds ; neither was the Confulhimfelf ignorant thereof. '''P 'he fame 
 
 •^ Uory , f»liei[i 
 
 ■this Owl o? bis (wr.ich.I commonly interpret [0,lc] (oi'.uitumviicii /«(3«« ; When a man caftcth forth a word at s ^eiitl.IC, and 
 (pcikeihmoic iiuiy ihm he isaxiic Foi wjiuot a piopct leirnito tX()icf.ii.c Lnm \_0 )>:ai'\ A{ v. i^ Huors huherto,French,!t»li. 
 an ana tngl fii. luvcbeciiput to i»:ir ihins, and h:lpthei.-,!elveb «v:th Cl'ii'lit^f ] Which in mipciiintiion is notappropiiit to the 
 thine butcomipon. :i5 ct ii)p,ifine .'her rokent ; cf birds, wliethc. trey be rt.7;;;//i.i or rtK/iw.i; ffbcafts inwards ,of lightni>,(T and 
 the icft : or rsthcr iroi^'yiop 4>.(i«iTe.'«, i. the fire ditm"^ l-y thole fifins.. yea, and cxtcnJvth to tlx; fore, iv.ng of the m nd. Where- 
 C as ibn other word [Oil.-] !^v. v li^ .ri. :„nt, >nd in»ii»logic iquivaiem to [Owe?) ] li;iarva much ih;iefore,way it is thought ci- 
 therftr«Rge and new (f^eug u :■' k gi'flj, ufcd mi doubt commonly in time* iiaft, snJ »t this djycurra;icinih.; North pares, where 
 ihe people haply arc more oblci vauuf Lun preragi-0"'l>"='^ ''*" '"="y"'^'' '""3'" wortls.or' ught jnio out langu-gtr.aud mngcd 
 with tlie Enplini :or why it ih"uld be con jc- ^eu it abfMnar.t and not pleafiiig to il.t: ear, more in ■■ oora in Girex ^ ^ipchommonly 
 bctolcc'ift'i fa voice) a;. d mote properly inP/afoCj'' B";!^"" ""'n well oblcrvcd) i> ta><cn t -r [0;„ ,-j] li'--c as bm-.A</ - .r ominiir':,Sc 
 '<n«fv^>««»"<trf'^"'"<'3 »*£«^'"'""' "*"'''' "P"" ^''"*''^"'*^'^- f'' "\'«''"''"'f . who i'icih i.ot {Ii3t [Oflc -no l»fli gboih] arc 
 dcriv..i.'.' 1 he woid ihen bcinp i.ot balely born, bn dclceiidcd tiom the mother of all Icarnuif ,die Greek tungtic,ind en'rarchifed 
 inihislliandtimc ouiotmi. d(l.ow;ocvc; ithath been coi»fiiicdintoxhe North) would a.t be cxilcd clcaa, but rather reduced and 
 received for a free denize.), qHaJippJUiminio. 
 
 C.f'rf/rr/w/ having heard * » * . * ' [The great c'erks and deep This within 
 
 divins, thofealfo were profoundly feen in the common law, gaveit lorth. That teeing the two f, ,h T/-* 
 
 D ordinary Confuls (C». Corndms Scpw Hilpalm, and Q.. Tetibas Spurimts) of that year,werc both ^Vpl,* ^^^^ 
 dead, the one by ficknes, the other by the word, it was not ]av\ful for the other Conful (C. r.ile- nac . but is 
 riiis LavtuH.') iuhw^yitd inthep!a>eoUhedece.;fed to hold theaiVembly gener.-.lfortheeledion part'lyfop- 
 
 /•■»«•,,? * * - * plied out of 
 
 ofnewM3i;i(fr<its.J * , » ♦ » p.i/>i3« in his 
 
 * conduited. On this fide the Apennine were the Garuls, Lapinn?, and Hercatian. rbeycnd the 'took, 
 Apennine were the Briniats. Again:- th^m rhathad pilled and ranfacked P:J<£Snd ^//;?<i Q; /T/«- 
 tiw made war within the compifsofthe Ri cr ^"^f;7^.'and when he bad brought them in fub- 
 jei"tton.hetook from them their arm'. For which exploits atchievcd in France and Z-;>«r/..-,under 
 the ccndndl: and happy fortune ot the two Confuls, the Senate ordained that there (liouid be pn- 
 blick pro. cirion for three dales nnd commanded to lacrifice forty greater beafis. And thus veiily 
 
 ^ the tumultuous wars of tlie Fren h and the Liguri.ms, which arofein the beginning of the year, 
 were inflion time and without any great maifryd.ifhed and appealed. 
 
 But now in lieu thereof great care was takenfor the Macedonian war by occafion that Pcrfens 
 fowed the feeds of debate and quarrel between the Dardanians and the Baflainians. Bclides^tbe 
 Roman EmbafTidots who were fent into M.tc(.doyiy,to fee in what terms things there rtood, were 
 now returned to Rome, and had brought word Thac in D.i -^ :;./.: they were up in arm'?. With 
 them there came alfofrom King Prr/wr certain Orators to make excufe in his behalf, and to deer . 
 him in the adtion, namelv, that the Balbrnians neither were by him fent for nor entrcd into any 
 execution by his motive,' The Senat would neither acquittbe King as unguilty, noryetdireftly 
 
 _ accufe him as culpab.e in that point. Only they required that he fliould be ad vertifed and admo- 
 niflied, to be very well advifed and careful to keep that league and accord inviolable, whichhe 
 would fecm to entertain with the Romans. 
 
 The Dardanians feeing that the Baffar-.m. were fo far off from departing out oftheircountrey 
 (as they well hoped they would)that they endamaged and endangered them dill every day more 
 than other, asbc.irinc,themfelves bold upon the fuccours oftheThraciansneer neighbours, and 
 the Scordifci; thought it their be(f courfe in policy, to adventure upon fome hardy enterprife.al- 
 thoughit wererafli andinconfiderne: whereupon they alVembled all in arm;, andfromcvery 
 quarterofthcircountrey fliewed and advanced before the next Tovvn,to the camp ofthcB.iflax- 
 nians. Winter time it w'as^a feafon of the year which they made choice of, thac the Thracians and 
 the 5rfl>Y/;/f; might be retired home into their own countries: which when they were adveriifed 
 
 ^ of, and that the're remained none but the BaH^nut alone, they divided their forces in two parts : 
 with the one,to march di^ed^lv forward and openly to make head againff them affront; with the 
 other, tofetch a compafs through by-waiesnnd blind forrcfls, and fo to charge upon their backs. 
 But before they could wheel about thcenemies camp,the battail was begun: wherein the D.uda- 
 nianshad the overthrow. and were drivcnto pur themlelves within theirCity which was a'moft 
 twelve miles di(hi3t from the camp of the Bafiarm.'^^t conquerors followed the train of victory, 
 
 Go go- and
 
 888 
 
 The one and fortieth BooJ^ o/T.Livius. 
 
 and incontinently invefted the Town, making full account, that the next day either the enemies H 
 wouldyeeld, or elfe they fhould be able to win the place by mere force. In the mean time, the 
 other rciment abovefaid of the Dardanians,which caft about,knowing nothing at al of their fel- 
 lows defeatjbegan to aflail the camp of the Baftsrnians-.left without a fufficient guard for defence. 
 * ^ * As the manner of theKings was;he fate in a ftate'y throne of Ivory .to hearpleas and 
 decide controverfiesofthefmalleft and moft trifling matters. So tranfported was he and caried 
 away with an humor of levity and fpiric of inconftancy, fo ditirafted & wandering in all the courfe 
 of his life, that he was never fetled and well contented in any condition or fkie w hatice' er : in 
 fuch fort, as neither he knew his own felf,nor any man elfe wilt well what to make ofhim. He 
 would not Teem to fpeak unto his friendsjand hardly wasfeen to laugh familiarly among thole of 
 his neerell acquaintance. He made a fool of himfelt". and mocked others likewife; fuch was his in- I 
 ordinate and irregular munificen.e. To men of honor ftanding highly upon their worth and repu- 
 tation his minner was tobeRow childiih trifles, as fugar-plums to eat or to play wiihaltoyes and 
 oewgawes inflead of great and pretious prefents : others again that looked for nothing.thofe he 
 enriched. And therefore fome deemed.that he knew not what he did : others gave it out, that he 
 did all in plain mockage .• and therewere again that letnottofay, how he was out of his right 
 \\its,and clean bef.des himfelF. Yet in two thirgs. which were both great andiaudablehe carried 
 with him a Princely and Royal mind indeedsto wit, in adorning Cities with Itateiy gifts, and ho- 
 nouring' the Gods with divine vvorfhip. He promifed the Megapplitans in Jrcad aio raile a wall 
 about Their City ; and in truth the better part of the money to defray the charges thereof, hefent 
 unto them. He went in hand to build a magnificent Theatre of marble at T<f^<«,i: aiCiz,tcfim,he K 
 oave freely to the Pryta.ieum fafjir hallby itfelf in the heart of the City, where.at the common 
 charges, certain had their diet offree-coft)by way of honourable reward, a cupbord ofgoiden 
 plate fufficient for the furniture and fervice of one table, As for the Rhodians, 1 cannot fay, what 
 one fpecial gift fmgular above the reft, he bellowed upon them ; fo liberally minded was he t'o 
 them-ward and his hand ever open to give them of ail forts whatfoever they needed orrequired. 
 Nowjhis magnificence in honoring the Gods,what it was (if there were nothing cl'.e) the Tem- 
 ple of Ifipiter Oljnifius begun by him in Athens (fo anfwerabie every way to the Majerty of tbac 
 great God that the like to it is not to be found again in the whole world) may teliify fuffi^icntly. 
 Moreover, he beautified DelosWiih goodly fea-enfigns, and with agreit number of ftatuts and 
 images.Likewife he promifed to edify at Antiochu.z ftately Temple in the honor oi lu-pite.- Capi- L 
 ioltKKs\not only arched above-head with a golden embowed roof.but feeled all overtbe wall fides 
 with plates of gold : befidesmany other things in divers places, which by reafon that he reigned 
 but a very iTiort time, he could not finiflv and perform. In magnificence alfo of playes, publick 
 fhews,and pageants of every fort, he over- went all theKings his progenitors before him,as well in 
 regard o( Grecian aflors and gameflers;whereof he had 3iany about him as of the reft who were 
 acqu.iinted with the fafhions ofhisowncountrey. He reprefented the fight offword-playersac 
 the fi) arp with unrebatedl'words, after the cuftome of the Romans; with greater terror and fear 
 at f;rft than pleafure and delight of men,wbo were not ufed to behold fuch fights; but afterwards 
 by often exhibiting the fame, in fuch mani^erjasfometime they drew blood one of anotheryea.and 
 otherwhilesgavenot overfo^ but fought to the uttermoftjcven to death, he made it a familiar y^ 
 exercife &; apleafant fpeilacleto theeye; and thereby fet an edge upon the courage of many yong . 
 •valiants, andemboldned them to embrace chivalry and follow feats of arms. Soasinprocefs of 
 lime, he that was wont at the beginningto fend as far as Rome for thefe fenfers, and to hire them 
 for great wages and reward,now with his own * , * L,Cor«f/;«jSr/;)/oChadtlre juiifdicti- 
 on) over forrainers. To M.AttHins the Prctor, thegovernment olSArdhiiti by lot was fallen,buc 
 he was enjoyned to pafs over into Cor fie a with the new legion which the Confuls had enrolled, 
 confifiing of 5000 foot and 500 horfe. And during the time that he fliould be employed there in 
 the wars,CflrW;«j had commillion to continue in his charge and place of command, within Sur- 
 diiiia. Unto Cf!.Servii>ns Capio for low Sp.!i»,Si P.Furius Philus for the higher were sfTigncd 3009 
 Roman footmen and an 1 50 horfe; but of Latine allies, 5000 oftheoneand 500 of the other, f^ 
 As forI-.C/W/«-f,he was appointed toSicily withoutany fupply at all. Moreover the Confuls had 
 commindmenttoenrol two legions befides, with the full number as well of foot as horfe and to 
 charge the [Latine] allies, with the fetting out and maintenance of a 1 000 footmen & 600 hcrfe. 
 This levy and taking of mufterstheConluls went through with, in more difficulty, by reafon of a 
 orcat mcrtality,which beginning the year before with amurrein ofkine& oxen, turned this year 
 intopefUlentf/j/Wf^j/w/difeafesofmen. Look who fell fickonce,lightly they died before the fe- 
 \enth day: and thofethat overlived andcfcaped ihzt cri/is. laylongfickby it, and commonly of 
 the quartan ague. The moft that went of this malady were flaves, whofe breathlefs carkafles lay 
 *Liblc'ni»r.on ordinarily along every ftreetunbnried: and more than that,* men were not able to inter fo much 
 iiigickbai, as the dead bodies of free perfons they died fo thick ; in fuch fort, asthey putrified and rotted a- q 
 bovegronnd: forneither hungry dog norc:reedy gripe, would oncetouch them. Andforcertain 
 it was known and noted,that neither all that year nor in the former, during the mortality ofman 
 srdbeaft.there vvasnota vuliur orgripeany where to be feen. Divers Prelarsand Priefts of State 
 droptaway oithis pl3gue,and namely-,C;7,Sfr77V///;rrf;)»fl a Bifhop- the father ofthe Prctor: Tib, 
 ■■■iiu Lorgiii the fon of Titm one of the Decemvirs for facreed rites and divine fervice : P. 
 Tib.Sempromtis Cracclms; C, Attelius t/£mjlitis the chief I'uperintendent 
 
 of 
 
 Sen,p>o 
 &-1 
 
 s PitHs the Augur :
 
 ^Ibe one and fortieth Boo\ of T.Livius* ~88p^ 
 
 A of all the pari/h-priefts,attd\^.S-"w;>.7*w(!^/M««/ a Bifliop.Tbefe werefiibfiituted Bifhops in place 
 of the deadjCo wityC.SHipitiusG.t/Lt in ftead ot 'rnd:tanMs. * ^ For Augurs werefubordained,?" 
 Veti'.rius Craff^us Semfronianfis in the room ot Gracchw; Q^. Jt/iiis PatM tor P. Alms, Decemvirs 
 over holy rites were elei5ted,C.i)f»'/;). /.<?»?•»;; and iL.Scril^oHns furnamed Curio^ fupplied the wane 
 of the grand fuperintendam aforefaid. Still continued the pcdilentc i wherupon the Scnat ordai- 
 ned, That the Decemvirsfliould have recourfeto the booksofSirj//^: by whofe order and di- 
 rection, publick fupplications held for one day long : and n fter a devout manner the people con- 
 ceived and made a lolemn vow in the common piace^according to that form of words wtii.h (V 
 MnrttMi Phiiipp/ts indued and prompted unto them to this eticiir: That it this- malady and peHi- 
 lent difeafe.were removed out of the territory ofA«« f they would tor two dales pa.e folcmnize 
 jja fead.go in procelTion and pour out their prayers with all devotion. Inthe Veientianioumrey 
 a man child was born with two heads; and another at Stmicff.i bur with one hand. At Oximum 
 a maid child came into the world with teeth in the hcad:and over the Temple of S.<f«r,?((hndin£» 
 in the market place of ^o».f) there was feen in the?kica bow full bent all the day lon^, ifthcair 
 were cleer and the weather fair: and at onetime there fi-ione out three funs. Aifo in ore ni<?,ht, 
 there evidently appeared many llaining light^ andi.re diake;. lliooiingaiorgin the air. The men 
 ot LiitHvtum and Q-xre aifirmcd plainly. That within thci' Town they I'lw a Serpent with atrelt 
 and mane, yea, and thcfamem.rkedallover with yellow fpocs like gold : and it was held forcer- 
 tain that in the territory c QAp-m ix\ oxe Ipake. 
 Now were thcEmb iffadors returned out of Attrick by the * Nones o^ijir^e, thole I mean who 
 Q went to Curth.ige^ after they had been with King a[ mj] , ana fpokcn with him. But better & 
 more certain intelligence they had by tins King thantrom cue Carthaginians themfelvesas touch- 
 ing theatfairs that hadpafledinCti-:/' ,;r , Howbeit thusmuch they reported upon rheir afVurcd 
 knowled!ie,thar Emhaffadors .ame from King Pe-fiiu,:ind .; ul audien.e intheSenat t'ccretly by 
 tiigtit within the Temp!eot;E/6-'?/p//«. Alfo *->oththe Kirg • termed flatly, and the Carthac;inians 
 themfeUes hue faintly d'jnied thu EmbalTadors :ikcwile had been fent f r om Cart l:>ii^c imo Mau - 
 donr, whereupon the Scnat vvjs ot .;dvi(.e and refolded to diipatch their LmbalT.alfo ^uio Mace- 
 dony, Andthele three were lent, to wit C, Leliu! M y^ertns MjfaL-, and Se.vr . D:giciKs. 
 
 During this time. /'f'/i'fr byoccalionthat :i.»rtainDolopians oheied himnot,snd offome mat- 
 ters incontroverfy nd ditferen.e referred the audience and decifion tothe Romans, and refufed 
 -^ the arbitrement of the King Icd'orttian armyagainU them.and reduced the whole nation under 
 his obedience and jurildiction.From thence he pifledo.er the Oetxan mountains, and upon cer- 
 tain religious motions arilingin his mind le went up to Dclphos tor to viiit the Oracle. Bein" thus 
 on a fuddainfeenin the very he.'>rt and midit ot Crree^e he itru.k a terror not only into the i ities 
 next adjoining.but aifo the bruit of this tumultuous alarm was blown as far as to }s..Eumeyics,hhtt 
 he had liaied at D:lp-i: nor above 5 daies he returned inro hi; own realm,by the wav of Plnhio- 
 tis-)Achat.i and Thi ffah without nnyd.immjs;e done or wrong offered to the territories through 
 whi: h he paffed.Neither thought he it fuffiaent thus oniv to '.vin the .o-. e and favor of thofe Ci- 
 ties & Hates through which he was to jcurncy,but he addrcflVd either Embiffitor.'^ or wrote his 
 letters- praying them to bear no longer in mind the enmities which h.d 'necnbctween them and 
 £ his tat heritor afmueh as they were norfo- itter ..nd dca'hv'nt they might well enough, yea, and 
 ought to end and die with him: astorhimfelf liefaw no let or hincictne in the world toempeacli 
 them for entertaining a faithful amity with him But above ail ctheis helou^htmeans to be re- 
 conciled to the Achxans.and to reenter into graceindtavor with them. This nation alone of all 
 (Trtf^ff, together with the City of y:/f/,v«i, were grown into thofe terms of dcfpighrand malirea- 
 gainft the Macedonians, that they debarred them from once letting foot within theirconfines. 
 And hereupon it came that when certain flaves lied out of y4c/;<c.: they retired into M.'.aJ.ony'iot 
 refuge, and there remained : and becauie the Ai.h.vans had for'nidden the Macedonians rocorae 
 within their liberties they dur(^ not likewife for their part* enter into the inarches and frontiers of 
 his Kingdom to recover their bondmen. VVhich when /'«-/Mr perceived he caufed all thofe fugi- 
 'ptiveflaves to apprehended, and hedifpatched his icttersuntotheAchxMu, wherein he wrote. 
 
 That he would right coi;rtconfly lend back their Haves home again. although they were run away ■,. 
 
 from them unto him ; ad vertifing and advifing them to bew are and look well unto it, that there 
 were no more any fuch efcapes and runnings away of their bond fervants hereatter. When thefe 'l'^, 
 
 letters were read by A'f«-:vf/»rt/ their Pretor,who fou<;ht to curry fomefavor and to wind himfelf *" 
 
 intograce with theKing moft ofthemthat wereprefent judccdthe letters to have been written 
 right gracionlly and with great government and moderation, hut principallytholeperfons, who 
 beyond their hope wereto recover and receivetheir flaves whom they had loft. But CalUcratcs 
 oneof them who were fully perl'waded, that the fat'ety of their who'cefhtedepended upon the 
 loi.ill obfervame and inviolable maintenance of the accord contracted with the Romans, fpake 
 ^ thus or to th is elreii^ctbllowing, " It may feem to ibme here(qd.he;my mailers of A'-hs^ that we The: oration of 
 ''arc inquelHon it thisprefent ofa fmall matter and of mean importance: but I for my parr am CaUicrata the 
 " of opinion,th^r we are not now in hand to treat but have already deb.ued,.tnd after a fore con- Ach*»n. 
 "cludcd,oneofthegreatcft affairs and of moft confequence that we know. For we who havein- 
 " terdiited the KK.of ALicedony and the Macedonians to come within our borders,and have de- 
 < creed that this edidtmay ftand firm and irrevocable,and that for this intent efpecially, Becaufe 
 'J'f we would admit neither Embafladors nor melTergers from the KK. for fear kit by entercourfc
 
 '^ 890 ^'fcf one and fortieth Boo\ o/l .Livius. 
 
 " otthem^ the hearts offome among us might be lollicited and leinpted to novelty ard alterati- H 
 *' on: we now are content to hear the King, although ablent in pciicn, preaching inlomefoit to 
 •' us, yea, and more than that (God lend lis good iU(.k^appto\e and ajplaud hih Oration. And 
 ■' whereas the very wild beafis rehife (tor the moH part^iht meatwhith is laidtcrabaittode- 
 ". ceive and hurt them,yea, and have the wit to fhun and av oid the famejwe.blind beetles that we 
 <'aTe,ruffcrcDrreives to be caught and fed with the vain apparence and colorable flitw otaliiiie 
 <'kindnefe,ard tor hope to recover feme poor flaves (a matter of imall worth & reckoning) lufter 
 "our ownireedom tobeurderminedj3nd indanger of lub\ethcn, ForwI.o iteth not,that the 
 ^'overture is made, and the way laid open for entrance into confederal y withibeMngjOniy 10 
 *' violate and break on cflociationwith the RcmEnsjwherindandeth aii cvi weal ana welfare ? 
 "Unlefs fomemanperadventure wilmake a queHion^whether the Romans mult levy waragainfl I 
 ^*' ?.?■]£■«.:& no doubt thcrot now after /*/;;/;/) is dead which in his life time v\ase>pt6itd ai.dby 
 '"hisdejtn only intetrupttd ? Two fons, ye know full well, K.P/j//;)had5Dtw«r.fcj and Ftrjtut 
 " For iv.blenels of psreruge by the mothers f.de,tor vertue,tor wit; for the Jo\ card afftdUor of 
 '* the Mnudonians, Duricnias far furpafitd his brother. Bnt for that the father intended ever & 
 *' nitanr,ihat wbctherothis two fens hated the Rcman<-jht fliouid have the cicwnaiiei him for 
 <* rtcomptnce he caufedl>f».ffr7»j to be murdered. for no other crime in the world that lould be 
 *'■ laid to his iharge, fave only tha he was enired into amity with the Romans : but Ptr[eu he 
 '*m.idcthc King, vvhoin he knew that the people ol ^o»;f judged more worthy to futierpuDifti- 
 *-mcntth3n to inherit a Kingdom, And this Pf ?-/<■«;. what other thin^ b^th hedort elie afierhis 
 *' fa; hers deceafe but made preparation for warrFiilt and formol^, he procured the Bafiarnians.to K 
 k se-vJ*. ss '-the terror ofal the wcrld.for to invade ' P<i?Y/<j;7;<j;whoif rhey had fettled therejGrfffffbould 
 foinc think- «. j^,,.^ |,.,(j x<r,oK troub'efcme neighbors of them than Ajta hath oftheGalatians. And albeit be 
 " was difap pointed of this hope yet he gave not overtode(-gn and p,ot lor war J nay,if wt will 
 " fpeak a truth, he hath already begun :ht war. I?c/(/^/« 1 e hath lubdutd by lent C -rm. &i.oi;id 
 •' not abide to hear that the determination of certain provinces whi^h were debatab,t and liti- 
 *'oious, ll:ould be referred totheaw-^rd ol the people of Rome. I rom thence ha. ingpafled over 
 *• the mountain 0.f^,thai all upon a luddain he might fliew himfeif in the very 'ertre oCreecty 
 " heafiendediipioDc/p/.i/, And to what et>d,thinkye,hath he taken this di.'worttd voiageand 
 " unaccullcmed CNpcdition? After this he made his progrefs all over Jltjily. Kr6 what if hean- 
 y roied and hurt rcrtofthcm all, whom he hated in bis heart ? J fear me lo mueh the more this I. 
 f -manner ofdcaling,ard that it is a bait to catch them withal.Then forfooth.he fendeth his letters 
 " unto us, with a goodly fliew of a bon-prefent- and willethustothinkeftloons how to prevent 
 "from henceforth, that we ne^er had need again of the like bounty of his. What is that, but to 
 '■ anrhind repe^iibat cdi(S ofcurs wherin the Macedonians are debarred trom fetiingfootwith- 
 »iWw«. '' '^^ * Pt/po^-^f/^-f ?and to bring about, that we may have again the Kings Embafl.'dors to come 
 
 <, untous that we may entertain mutual hoipitality between their Princesand ours? and anon 
 <^ aiter.leethe Macedonian armies, yea, and the King alfoinperlontocrofs irom Df/f/)/(iorafmal 
 <■ arm of the Sea liechbetween)r.reight over into Pt/o;)c««^///j?andfinally,th£t we bird and com- 
 •\i)ine with the Macedonians, when they fliall take arms againft theRcmans? As forme- this is 
 ' mine advitcto make no new ordinance, but to letail alcnein their entire crderas they now j^ 
 
 < fiard until nub time as we are come to fome certain term? Whether we have caufe to be afraid, 
 'v < or fear only ourown fbadowsrifthe league flialcontinue firm and lure between the Romans & 
 
 *' thcMaredonian^ then may we have entercourfe of friencfhip, otcommerce and traffick with 
 « them. But for thi<;prtftnt to think& conf^der hereofin my I mple ji:dgment,is aniceandtick- 
 
 * lifbpoint &ber,des. out of feafon untimely, and fome what with thefoonett.Wben hehad thus 
 T o Jiion * '''"^' -^'''■<' brother roA'-TH^ircA;// the Pretordifccurfed in this manner following. '■' Callwrates 
 u au//«^ "" * 'qd.he^hath .aufed both me and all ot us bef;des,who are of contrary opinion to him. for to f nd 
 
 « rhemoredifhculty infpeakingour mindsto the caufe in queflion. For whiles in maintenance 
 ' of the afloLiation which we have with theRomans, hefaith that itis dilfurbed and troubled) 
 
 < ('albeit there be rom/an about either to di(iurb or trouble it) he hath wrought cunningly and N 
 *■ contrived,! hjt wholccver feemeth togainfay him may bethought tooppofe and let himfelfa- 
 
 * gainO the Romans. In the firff placd,as ifhehadbeen a man, not converf.ng here amongus buc 
 " onpcometrom theSenat oi Rome-ot fome inward fecretary and of the privy counteltoibeKK. 
 
 * heknoweth fbrlooth nnduttereth all that ingreat fecrecy hath been done. Nay, be foreteileth 
 ^- likeawifcman wbavvould have enfuedjin cafe P,'////) had lived lcnger:& n.imeiy. how it came 
 « about that 'Te fcm thus inherited the crown : what the Macedonian def^gns are: and what the 
 '■ Romans intend to do.Btit we who know neitberfor what caufe nor in what manner P^wfrWwj 
 "came by his death nor yet what 7" /-/A;i meant to bavedcreit he had ii\ed fliil,truf1accommo- 
 ' dat &irame our C( unfel ro thofeoccurrents wliieh have openly pafled in the view of the world. ^ 
 «' Wc take knowledi-e, that Pfryr;/,-,affcr he was in\efled in his throne and crowned King rcpair-Q 
 *'edto the Roman Embaffadtrs ; andweknrw liUwi'e th.:t he wasintitu cdby ihepeopleof 
 
 ' Fonu wiiluheflyle of (K'ng Pfr/Jw.) VVc hearbefdes that Rf man Fmbafladors cametothe 
 " King, and were by him wellreceived and graciouflv errcrtrinid. It 1 have any judgmcnt,ihefc 
 *'beall fgns of peace and not of war,neither can the Rr mans t.ike ofTfnceifjas we followed them 
 «' wl en theybarearms fowe follow them now likcwiejas the authors of peace. And verily I fee 
 " no reafon why we alone of all other Greeks;fli€iild make lo mortal acd irespiabie war againft
 
 The otit and fortieth Boo{^ of T.Li viuk 85 i 
 
 A '*the Ki\moiMacet{o»y. What! isitbecaufeweareroneeruntotheMacedoniauSjandby that 
 " vicinity cxpofed to ail dangers from ihenLC? or that we are the weakcfi of all the reft.and like to 
 *• the Doiopi3ns,whomPfr/r«/ot late hath fubdued? Nay 1 wis, it is far othervvifeard (.leancon- 
 *' trary.Sure enough we arefor any harm they can do us,in regard either of our own forces( which 
 '' theGodsofthcirgoodnefshaveVouchlafed usj or ofihedilianccof place fo tar remote. But 
 *' fet cafe we be as muchlubjefl as the Theflalians and iEtoliars:Say we are of no more credit and 
 "authority amongthe Romans (albeit we havebeenalwaies their affociats and friends)than the 
 "^toliansbe.whowcre their open enemies but the other day.Then, what rightjwhat priviledg 
 *'and commerce, the iEtolians, the Thefl'alians,theEpirots,and in oneword all GVs'fff befidesi 
 *'ha\eindufe with the Macedonians,wealfomayhave and hold thefame.How isitthen^that we 
 
 B"alonelike curfed and damned creatures, fliould thus praifife to abandon the common law of 
 *' men^and (as it were)renounce all human fociciy. Be itthai Vhi/:p (when time was j did fomcr 
 *' what,andgaveus juH caufe, armed as he was and e^er warring upon us, to pafsthis decree an^ 
 "edidagainit him:what hath PiT/f«jdefer\ed?Pi;i/f/,'/(II"3y}the new King a harmlcfs Prince that 
 *' never did us injury; nay, who is willing and feeketh bycourtches and good turns to cancel and 
 " rafe out all former quarrels and enmities of his father? why are we the only enemies that he 
 '*haih intheworld.^Andyet,! might tu.l well & truly fay thatfrom thcformer Kings of M.irr^/oa/ 
 ** we have received fogieaifavorsandbcnefits^that in regard thereof,we fhouldputup and for- 
 *' get the wrongs ot P^///p alone (if haply he have done us any) at leali wife now after he i-; dead 
 "and his head laid.Indecd,at what time as the Roman fleet ridinthe harbor of G^c/jr^-tf and thiE 
 
 ^ "Conful lay encamped witk his army before ElatiA^ we fat in counsel three daies tooether,deba- 
 "ting anddevifingjWhetherwe fhouldband with the Romans or fide with Vh //)-A"d albeit the 
 *' prefent fear of the Romans before our eies, might have made us inour opinions to encijne 
 ** fomewhat and leantoward ihem:yet there wasfomethingin it doubtlefs.that it was folong ere 
 *' wecouldrefoUe:and to fay a truth, it was theancient acquaintance and. imuy that we had with 
 *' the Macedonians, and the great benefits which in old time we had received from their Kings, 
 •• Why then me thinks, thofe felf fame regards fliould beoffomcforce and effi.atyto move us, if 
 *' not to be their fpecial and belf friends. yet at leall wife not to be their principal and greatefl ene- 
 *' mies. Let us noi,('ii///oviff/,makefemblance and Hiew ofthat^which we are not in hand with- 
 ''3il,and is no point of this pre'.entcwelHon. There is no motive made of a new foviety: theieis 
 
 D " no pcrlbn about to draw any capitulations of a new alliancejwhereinwe flion'd raflily envvrap 
 " and entangle our felves, arid be tied to any inconvenience. Only. let there be a mui^jal commerce 
 " between us, and an alternative interconrfe of yeclding and demanding right to and fro, as ap-f 
 " pertainethilet usnot by incerdidtingand forbidding them to enter and traffii k wit hin our coun- 
 *' try debar our felves likewil'e from all negotiation and dealing with them in their Kingdom^thai 
 "by this means our flives may have no place of retreat and refuge to flie unto. And what preju- 
 *' dice is this to the Roman confederacy? Wherfore make we thus of a imall thing and e\ ident , fp 
 *' great a matter and fulpicious?VVhertore raife we fnch troubles ofnothingPWhsrtore fcek we to 
 " draw others into jeloufy and hatred with the Romans, and all this. to find means of courting & 
 *' fljtiering themrif there will be war,Pf»-/t«j (ye may be l'ure)maketh no doubt but that we alto- 
 
 E " gether wil follow the Romans:yet fo long as the peace holdeth,furceafe and fufpend we in fome 
 '*• fort our malice and hatred for the while ; if ended foreverit may not be. When the f me men 
 who had confented to the Kings letters before, gave their accord now alio to this propoie, the 
 chiefand principal perfons among them took great indignation and difdain thatP >/«/fhould 
 feem to demand and obtain that by a tew lines in writings which he deemed wasnoi worth the 
 fending anembaflage.Whereupon thetime was deferred andnodecree paffed at this Seffion. Af- 
 terwards wereEmb.,ff.idorsaddre(Ted unto.them from the Kmg at whit time ,isa Diet was hol- 
 den in M gahfolis : but the fide which was for the Romans and feared to give them pccahonof 
 difple.ifure and offence, did what they could to debar them '.f acceis and entrance into the Coun- 
 cel. And mn^h about this time.by reafonof thefe j.irs the iEtolians grew enraged among them- 
 
 r felves, and by difcharging their mutual fury inkilling one another, had like to have brought the 
 ftatetoafinalruin and defolation.But being weary the eof,they in the end as wel ofthe one fide 
 as the other fent their hmbaffidors to Romf anda.fo laboured at home to havethequarre. taken 
 up.andtobe made friends and rccon iled together. How'ocit this wascrofled by auewmifchief 
 rhat came between which aifo rubbed the fnrmergalls atidfreued the old lores. Fov whereas cer- 
 tain Hypstean'J exiled perlbns, andbcingof theiaftionotPro.vfww-werepromircd hberty to rec- 
 tum home again into their country, w i; h fafecondiid alfo granted by Etipalcmus ont ofthe i. hie' 6t 
 print ipalmenofthe City : fo it was, that fourl'corc of them, men of mark and quality ''whom to 
 meetuponthe way as they returned, £«;>»/<■ war him'elt went out with the multitude^ after they 
 had been friendly receivcci with courteous greetings, falutations and fliaking of hands hadna 
 
 Gfoonerentrcd within the gate ofthe City,but they were mafia cred notwithftanding they pleaded 
 the faithful promifeofprotedion andcaled the Gods to wimels.but all in vain. Bv this occafion 
 the civil war bet ween them waxed much hottenhan before and turned in the end to a light fire,' 
 Now there arrived C ya!er^ti< L£vi»»<-hp.C!''ndiiisVulcher^C.^eM7niM.'^}A.PopiLiit and L.Canu-' 
 teiiiJ.i^ fent from the Senat of ^o^f .Before thefe commifTioners. theEmbafladors from both f a(5li= 
 Ons appeared at D.-/p'" and debated the matter with great earnefines and vehemency, where P>;o- 
 xenns feemed to have the better hand as well in right ot the caufc;as through his eloquent tongue'.
 
 gQ2 ^ ^^ ^^ andjortieth Bool\^ of 1 .Livius. 
 
 Proxems (1 fay) who within few daies after,draDk acupof poilon of his wives lemperiDg^wherof H 
 be died 8i flic ^ ondetnned theretore,deparied into exile.Tnc like madnefs haunted the Candiots 
 alio SidiUraifted them with inteUine difleciion.Bui upon the coming oiQ^.Mintiti tlie Lieutenant 
 General, who was tent accompanied with a fleet ot ten fail, to appeafe their debates, they fell to 
 fome term-^ of peace and attonement. There had beenat.ui-eallo before otiixmonths^but after- 
 wards the war fiattied out much more tcrrible.TbeLyi-ians likev\ife at the lame timejWerc infeded 
 & plagued with war L'y cheRhodians.Biumy meaningisnotneitherisit any pan ot my puipole, 
 todel:rili«thtwarsoftotair.nations;noriodilcourieoi thccirii]mhanceshowtoproceeded:for 
 enough I have todo,& more than Kan wcidi, charge to wiitethe dftsonlyol t he people of ^o«?r. 
 TheCeltibtrians in5y;4», who being tamed by forie ot .irms hadlucmitted to j .Gr^ccLus^iz- 
 inained qcietali the time that M.Tinnipii the Pretor continued there in gov ernmert, But imme- I 
 diatly up' n the arrival of ^p.Clmdius they revolted and began to fliew iliemfeh es in open aft ion 
 otre'ellion by gi\ing a luddun aflauit upon the Roman camp, it was about the break of day? 
 \\hen the lentineh upon ihc ViiT\\)\et sr)d C orps de ^uard ihovt the gates,mightdifcoier enemies 
 coming a far-off and io they gave the alarm. ytp.Ciauaifts having put out the hgnalofbattaiffiiin 
 few wordi exhorted hislouldiers to fight and pisy the men led thimkrth attfreegatesatonve. 
 Th'- Celtibcrians m.idehead and oppoied their fones as they li ucd torth.At the HrH the skirmifh 
 wt-: equal en boti parts : lor that by reafon of the (ircigbts of the paflage, all tlie Romans could 
 . rot fis^hc: but alter that one had put forward another, andtoUowtd Itill apace, tLey were all ac 
 length gotten without the trenih, fo as they were able now todi.play theirbattaillons &focon- 
 ffopL their enemies trom one point ot their b.utail to the other,v\ herewith belore they were en- K 
 V ironed: and then they made to tor.ibiea fally open tfem^ that the Celtiberians were not able to 
 endurctheirNioJcnce.Horhefore thefe.ondhour ofthedr!y,they wcrcdilLomfitcd.and i 5000 of 
 th'm either died in ttie plate or yeelded their bodies prilV.net-: 3: m.litary enl giis iheylott and 
 were turned out oftheiamp the fame day :and here is an end of that War. For asm^ny as eft aped 
 the confii<!:> gar them home to their own towns & quietly afterwards bare the yoke cf I'ubjetitioti. 
 That year were reated Cenl'ois,^.F;</w«f F/accusSi A.Poflhunji;'is yilbimiy.viho made a review 
 of Senuors and i.hofe new. For Prelident o the Senat they eledled M.&mjltin Ufidm the Arch- 
 bin^op. Nine they put out of the Senat- houfe. The principal perlons noted and dilgrarcd, were 
 theie, M. Cor;?. M./A/f/>7f»y7j who two years before hadbetnPretorini'^^/«;L.Cor«.5f//)/i;jPretor 
 for the time being, and L,i.hiefjuliice of the common pleas, as well among citizens as aliens; and L 
 L.f«/^'■M/,^^ho was wholebrotherto the Cenfor himfe.t,& as f^.^«r;<«^rcporteth.,equal in degree 
 of I ailing and his fellow every way. TheConfulsalfo after they had made their vows within the 
 Capitol went forth to their Frounces. The oneolihem, (to wic, M. fc/£w;//»j)had incharge 
 gi en him by tt.e Senat to appeafe the fedition nfche Padoans in Few/re, who as their Embafla- 
 dors made report, by fadtious fidmg and parr Cuking, were all on a tiie with civil war. 
 
 I he f,mbafl,idors who were gone into M.tdi.i for to pacify the like trcubleSjbroughi word back> 
 That it was not pofliMe to bridle and retrain the furious i age of that nation. But the coming of 
 the Confnl m.ade .11 whole among the Padoans and cured the malady : who having nothingelfc 
 to do in the province retun ed to Ro e. 
 
 Thcfe Cerfors were the fird ihatiaufed theftrectsof ^(?»;^ tobepaved with hard flint and M 
 pebble fione within the City and the high waies andcaufeys without to be raifed with gravel & 
 the iide*^ therof to be wel banked 3nd kept in reparationsialio bridges to be made indivers places: 
 a ftaffold beiidcs tor tl e jEdilesard Pretorsto behold the games &paies, Moreover the barriers 
 in the race,from whence the horfes begin to rnn and the[0\ aleslto mark and fc ere up the nuniber 
 ofiourfes * , " Operand behdes thego.es beyond *,' thciron gates and cages * » * and 
 at tbefeafls in the mount Albanefo theConfuls.They took order befdes all this fcrihe paving 
 wi' h flint nt the cliff or delcem from the CapitoUnd from the gallery or porch before the temple 
 of Stum looking toward the Capitol, unto the place called Se^aat/mK.svd the court Hoflilia a- 
 boveit.Allb the merchants Hall orburtewithour the gate Ter/^enanniVvy paved with Hone, and 
 fenced it about with fliong flakes and poflsofwood. "The gallery alfo /Ew^A^ihey canfed to be 14 
 Jcpiired ; and made an aft ent by flairs frc m the ' i^cr to the bur e or merchants HVllaiorcfaid. 
 Without the (.mej^nc alto they paved with pcbbie flore the gallery or vvarkingpl.-ce into tht 
 Ave-'tine * . * 'rom the Templeof?^f»«j-.The lame Cenlors bargained for the making ofwalls 
 about r.r/.f/^innc' Oxyrntnn : and having made lale olfcmepubli k edifites there, they employed 
 ihcmony r/ilcd therof in making of fliops fc halls round about both the market places, Theonc 
 ot them,tfat is to fay, yi/,F«/i'//^j-, (for P(y?/iw»;/«jfaidplainly,th.it mlefsit were by vertue either 
 of anna ffrhe Serar, orgrant of the people of Rowf, he wouid put forth no works to be made 
 wirb dil(.enre of their money Agreed Upon • priee fori ^c building of a Temple to /»;)yff>- at/" /p«- 
 rww Sc ar Fn id :allo m^ke a conditir,fof water to be con> eighed to PoUcntia; and at Pifaurum for 
 a way to bepaved,ard ."^rV;«fj(/: ■" , * In thefe colonies he caufcd alfo i fnk or vairk to be made q 
 about them to corrv away al' filthinefs into the river -• alto the market place to beenclofed with 
 ponhe.fi-alleries and (Tiopsjand three flately hallscalled /<r>;;,with quarrefoursor four through- 
 fares. and a« miny ront^. For thefe works one of the Confuls disburfed the money. and bargained 
 with the PtiMi ans and underakers.In whi( h regard theinhabitants ofthofe colonies above-na- 
 med gave him?rear tbnks.ThefeCenfors were likcwifefevere andprecifeinexerciflngtheirof-. 
 fi' e •'of the redreflirr' and reformation of mens mancrs:for many Gentlemen had their hoxfes w 
 icrvrce taken from them,which were allowed ihcm by the City, A
 
 y be two and fortieth Bool^ of T^Livius* 
 
 A A littie before the years end^diere was a folemn procelTion holden one whole day for the happy 
 at( hie* emect ot the affairs in Spam, under the conduft and good tor; une of yJppiw Cl.wdnu the 
 Pfo-conful i and twenty head of great beaUs were killed in fatrihce. And the morrow after they 
 went in another proccflion with iupplications,at the Temples o{Ceres^L:bcr.,iT\d Libera .-forthac 
 there was reported from the Sabines tountrey, a mighty earthquake, which over-turned many 
 houfes. 
 
 Afterthat Apf, Claudius vizs retnrned oaio'iSp'Un to Rome^thz Senac ordained, that he fliould 
 enter the City with the pomp of an Ovation. And now approached the time for the eied^ion ot 
 new Confuls. Much ado there was and hard hold at this allembly, by reafon of the multitude of 
 competitors: but in the end, L- Pefihumtut ■^/bt^m ii\d M.Popdius Z-<«^.w, were elected Confuls? 
 B which done.thePretorsalfo were created, to wit, C».i-"rf^////£'«ffo,4y./ii»rr;f«/«,C.C;cfm«/, /I/, 
 Fur.Cra^peSy A.Attiliits Serrantts.^ C.Cluvins SaxuLi, thefe three iafi rehearfedjthe fccond time" 
 This bulinefsandfolemnity fininied,^/».(Vi?w^/«iCf«rflentring with Ovant pomp into the City 
 for his vidory of the Celiiberians, brought into the common treafury loooo pound weight of 
 iilver, and 5000 of gold, Cn.CorncliuiWis confecrated the Flamin oi lapiter. 
 
 The fame year there was fet up a painted Table in the Temple of thegoddefs/T/4/«Mwith this 
 infcription,/Wifr?Aeco»^«^4«(i/w;»/>y^oz"'r»»«e«f efTib.SemproniusGraci.hus Co^/;////v/i'?/o;j 
 "•' andArmyofthefsopleofKome.fnbdHtd'iildmi. In which Province, there tverejlaiyi andtak^enpri- 
 foners 80000 enemies, ffijich Gracchus (after he hadmani\^ed the njf-tirs offiate mo/} forCtin.uly, de- ■ 
 livered m.tny aiptives out of bondage-, and recovered the tributes andcuJfomeJ totheCowmon-weal) 
 C brouq^ht home w th htm his army f'fc and founds charoed with .t» exceeding rich booty, and reentered 
 the City fl/Rome, in a fecond triumph. In merKorid of which exploit^hc ctr^fidthis tabU to lefct up 
 as a prcfent in the honour flf Jupiter. 
 
 Nowthi'; table contained the portraiture o' the Hand S<«r^;«;>,andthepi£lureaifoand refem- 
 blance of fundry battails. Moreover, in this year were reprefented to the people certain pa(Hmes 
 and Oiews of fvvord-players,whereof fome were fmall and of no account : but oneabov e the re(f, 
 exhibited by T.f Ajw(w«;j,furpafl"ed.And this he did in honour of his father deteafed; with a dole 
 ot flefli among the people, a great publiik teaft belides, andltage-playes for fourdayes together. 
 But the principal matter in this felHval folemnity.was this,That in three dales fpace there fouphc 
 at utterance wiihunrebated fwords, threekore and fourteen champions, 
 
 D 
 
 The two and fortieth Book 
 
 Of the HifloriesofT- Livius of Pada^jfrom the Foundation 
 
 of the City of Kome, 
 
 The Breviary of L. Fiortu upon the two atid fortieth Book. 
 c 
 
 FUlvius Flaccus the Cenfor uncovered t hereof of the Church o/Juno Lacinia, which was fcLued 
 with marble f and all to cover a Temple which he had didicMed. But by an all of the Se>^at he was 
 forced 10 be flow the fclateithere again. EumenesfAif KtngofhUi complained in the Senat-, of Per'tns 
 King of Macedony. Hts imunes done to the p.ople rjfKome are here reported: for the whichy defiance 
 was fent^and W^r proclaimed .igainfl him. P.Licinius Craflbs the Confiil, unto whom the Province of 
 Macedony was iffi^ned^paffed over thither-, fnd in certain light expcduions^ fought fundry battels 
 with PerfeUs /»The(faly,d//^;' horfe-firvice.,bi:t with badfuccefs. TheSoat appointed a diy of hearing-^ 
 between Malanifla andthe CarthaginiaiS.^ touching the territory tnqtirjlion. EmbuffaJors were fent to 
 the affociat Cities andStater, and to the confederal Kirgs, to rcqurf} them to co:tii:ttelou!l andfafl in 
 r.friendlhip,by reafon that the Rhodiansjiood ri doubtful tearms.The Cenfors took^areview a>:d numbred 
 the citiz,:ns o/Rome, wherein were enrolled in 1 he fuhfidy bookj 257251. AioreoVi r-, thii book^cori' 
 tatneth the fort unat exploits againjl the IJlanders »/CorfKa andthe Ligurians. 
 
 ) Thi tJPo and fortieth Book^ o/T. Livius. 
 
 r j\ ^^^^ ^^'^ ^' Poflhamius Jlbinus ahd M. Popilius "Ls-ai the Conftils had before all othec 
 
 i\ things propofed unto the Senat as touching the government ot the Provinces & conduct 
 
 J^ X of the armies, ord.iinedit was, that Liguna fhou Id be the charge as well ctthe one of 
 
 them as the other. Alfothatbotho'thetri fliould levy new legions, (and two apeecethey 
 
 6 were allowed to have) therewith to defend thefaid province and keep it in obedience befidcs 
 
 1 0000 footmen and 600 horfe of Latihe allies. Moreover to enrol 3000 toot,and 200 horfmeri 
 
 of Romansfora fiipplyin Sp.i»n.\.i[\ of all, commanded they wereto prefs 1500 footmen and a 
 
 ioo horfe ot Roman citizens: with which ftrengih, that PretorutJto whomS.ir^wi^ifelliniouId 
 
 pils over into Cor/»<r4,t here to war, and ^.^ff;//«/theold Pretor, in mean time to feeueto the 
 
 government of Sardinia. This done.the Pretors went tocafl lots fbr their provinces. A.Attiliut 
 
 Sirrams had the place of Lord chief jurtice within the Cityjacd C.Cluv.us Saxul.i the jurifdiilioii" 
 
 betweefi
 
 g^4 T^hemo and fortieth Eco\ fl/T.Livius. 
 
 betweencitizcns and forrair.crs. DctoCw. F aih^r Butec, k]\ihch'i£,he: Sf^w, lo Al^J^fitre/^usthtH 
 lower. AIJnrtus Craffipes was to govern Sicily-, and C. Oca am Sttrdir.ta. 
 
 Betore that thd'e Magiftrats took their joutreyvthe Senat was ot adviccjihat L .Pcfihuniius the 
 Corful fhould go into tcTr.fam^ioi to limit out the City-iards apait irom ihegiounds oi private 
 perl'cns : for that it was lecn and kno w n, that paniLular men letting out thtir bounds and en- 
 croaching by little and little upon the Commonsjnprotels ot tinneht.d agrtat partolitintheir 
 own polleflion. This Coi'.was angry and cftendcd with the Praneliinslor thai upon a time when 
 he went thither amonglt them (in quality then of a ptivaipeiloD}tootlcrucnhteinthe temple 
 ofFmwwfjthey did him no bonorneither inpublikencrpnvatc. Wheiuponjbefoie he departed 
 now from Rome^ he addrefled bis letters bclore him to^'r^E^.f/^jthsttheibieiMagiHrateftiould 
 come ard meet him uponthe way provide him a lodging ai their Cities tbargeb.j£nd at his depar- j 
 ture trom thenceto fee that thire w ere fumpierhoiles and beaiisotcariage ready lor him. Isow 
 before this mans Confulfliip^ihe Magifiratsot Ron:ehz(S ne\er beenvhargcable to their alljesjnor 
 put them to coftfor anything v\hauce\er;and theretoie allowed thty wtre trom the City their 
 mules, let out thty were with tents and pavillions, and r.ll other lurmtore and provificn torthe 
 wars.iothe end that they fliould not lay upon the allies any luih burden. Priv at lodging they had 
 infiicnds houfesjwhich they entertained (.ourieoully& liberally with reciprotal holpitaiity. For 
 at Rome like wile their houles were open to receive thole boHs of theirs, with whom they were 
 wont before to have kind ul'age.and who had bidden them welcome. In like manerimbafladors 
 (if they vvcrefcntby chance to any place of a fuddain) impoled upon the towns & cities through 
 which they were topals5onefumpter horfeonlylto farther expence wereno allies puttoranyRo- » 
 man MagiHrats.This revenge ot theConl'ultor a difcourteiy otteied.("dut & juH though it were, 
 yetnr-t to have been exert ifed during his magillracy)and the lilenceofthe PrencHins(proc ceding 
 rither of too much modeHy or over-great tear^gaveoccafon to the magihratsever|,nceto take 
 it forapiivilfdgeand culfome todo the Icmblablejyeajand to charge their aLies with more grie- 
 vous impof.iio.Ds every day than other in the lamekindjasittheprccedentexamplehadbecnap- 
 proved. 
 
 In the beginning of this year, the EmbafTadors who had been fentinto &tcliaiT\6 Afncedonjry 
 m<-!de report,! hat they might not come to the fpeech oiK.I-crJet'.s^ for that tome laid he was ab- 
 fert. others that he was ficklandthe oneas ialfe, as the other was untrue: howbeit, they might 
 evidently pcrcciveard fee^ihat f reparation was made for war,andthai he would delay no lorgerjL 
 bill enter into arm-;. In like ion they leia ted -that \riJEtc/.a the civil difl'ention and feditiongrew 
 daily tr.ore ancn.ore. reithercculd the captains of ihefe ladious difcords be xeprefled and held 
 in ..we by their countenance and authority. 
 
 As the City of /^(»;( wasamufcd upon the continual cxpef^oncy of the Macedonian warjbefore 
 any eritiprile thereof begun, thought good it was and Kquilue, that oiderfirft (hould be taken 
 torthe e:.piaticn ofprodigiesand the paLification of the Gods by way of humbly praiers5fuch as 
 were rcprelentedand delivered unto them out ofthe fatal books oi 5ih)lIaJoiiiLantivit)mY/iXQ 
 teer, as theccmmon voice wentj certain fliewsand relemblances ofa mighty great navy. Jtemy 
 ^l rr:v,r::t.nj theregrew black wooll out ofthe earth. />lfo in the Veientian territory, neera 
 "Jovvrtallcd ^<w;(»^, it rained flones. Morcover,alltbectuntreyPe«;pf /»»/»; was overcafl with ^/^ 
 clfi'ds ofLocuHs and within the Land ofG.;///*?, there were fecn certain ffhies to leap irom under 
 the clots ofeaith, that were turned with the plow as it took flitch and made furrow. Fortbefc 
 ttra- geand fearlnl fights., the forefaid books were looked into sndpcrufcd, and out ofthemthe 
 Dc'-tmvirs deilarcdand pronounced both unto whaiGcds lairifite fhould beoffered;ard vvbac 
 beails were to be flain iherfore:moreover5that the one fuppiic£tion (bould beholdeUjas propitia- 
 tory for ihofe prodigious tokens. as alfo theother;whii.b t he ^e^r before had been vowed for the 
 healih of the people, fliould now bepcrformtd, and hoijdaies kept therefore. So the lacrifices . 
 vveie accompliflied according to the order and form let down in writing by the Decemvirs. 
 
 The very l,imc year was the Church oijuno I acinic, uncovered, upon this occahon : j^. Fuhim 
 Tl.icctn tleCeni'or was building of a temple to f(;rf^»,:!d'g«i'_^/;:.. which he had vowed during the j^ 
 vvarigainf! the Ceitibeiians, when he vvas Lord Prctcr ir5p;(; . His defueard earnefl endevot 
 was to ti rain himfelt,ihat there might ret \:c'm Kctnei tcmp'eoi mo reflate and magnificence than 
 this. And iuppol rg that it would be a grcr.t beauty ard crniment urto it, in t ait the roof were 
 covered with tilesofmaib.e he went into the Bruiiarscountrfy.Sc there he was l"o bold with the 
 Chnrth nbovefaid o^Ju; o Lacinia, as to untile the one half ibcreot, making full account, that fo 
 much would fcive for locovertha temple which be was a butldmg. Boats and Barges behad rea- 
 dy fot- to receive and carry away the faid tiles or fdates- wiihcut beinp tmpeacht dor controlled 
 }fir this fas ri'cdg by the allies,whcm he held in a we and Irighied by hi.'^ Ccnforian authority.Now 
 ofier the ( erfor wa.<; returned wRonie, thoie marble fdates were di; barked out of tbeforefaid 
 vcffels ard comcighcd to tberem| le. And albeit no wo ids were mace Irtm whence they came, q 
 Vftcfintciltd itcoi'Idnot le. Anohtrcrponarofemuihrr.utttrirg iniheSenat.and from all parts 
 i'' crec-t tlcy called haid upon the Confuls,io have the matter put to qutHion ard debated of.The 
 Confer was fcnt for, who was no foorcrertred into the Senat but both all in general;& alio every 
 ore in partieularhadaflingat him and much more fl.axply reproached him to his face in tbefc 
 terms 7h.li hecouldnot be content to ibufe ard violat the mcfi holy ard (lately Church inihcfe 
 
 parts^wbith neither P;?T/«^r.ot^»»/^/r/evcr oficxed violence urio,iinlels heuncoveKdit alfo in 
 
 foul
 
 I be two andfortittb Boo{ of T.Liv ius. ^ 
 
 ^3 
 
 :/^ foul fort,and in manner laid it ruinat, I he lantern thereof was taken away and f one the roof cfc 
 bare and naked e.xpoied and open to rain ana toul weati er and ihtrtby lubjtdtorot; ihot hebc" 
 ingcholeB Cenl'or for torclorm the manners o; other ; to whom it apptrt.;ined by his r fti e to 
 fee that theTemples were dofe and tovert ; to tall upon, that all piibliilc pia.es be kept wind- 
 tight and water-tight. and in luffi.ient repair that he (I layjof all others fliouid range over the Ci- 
 ties of allies & confedcrat States pnliingdowntheir Temples ashegoeth &:uncoierino the roofs 
 ofthefatrededifices^and indemoliniingtheChurLhesot the immortal God<,tommit that, which 
 if he did butpradile upon the pri vat houfes ot allies might fcem an unworthy .61 and a ^reat in- 
 dignity : and rinaily, by rearing one Temple with theruinot another, oblige the peopleof/Jow^ 
 with the very guilt ot his own crime: as it (I wis) the immortal Cjods were not the fame in all 
 g places, but that we mult honor and adorn fome of them with the fpoil of other";. Now a-- it was 
 apparent (before the matter was put to the tenl'ure of the Senate^ which way the LL.enclined in 
 opinion : fo immediatly upon the propoiing thereof,they all opi; ed and gav e one lehtence That 
 order fliould be taken with the pubhcans of the City works,for the carrying back a^ain of the lame 
 folates to the former Temple, and that certain propitiatory lacriFces fliould be offered fonhe pa- 
 cification of /»w. A- for all ceremonies requii.t toward the divine fervice at'orelaid, they were 
 with all complements performed acordingly.* but the farmers who had undertaken ar a piicctc; 
 - recary torecary thole ti'es, brought word thatthey hadlanded them in the churchyard and there 
 left them, becaufethey might not meet with any work an , whocould devife with all the skill 
 and cunning he had, how tobeliow them as they were laid and couched betore, 
 C Ot ihofe Pretors who were gone into their Froviuies. A/. Fal>insi% he wa;; in his journey to- 
 ward high Sj)^!n died at Mafilei by the way: and theretoreuponintel igenceoiventhereof by the 
 M.i(Tili.in Embaffador^.tlieSenat ordained that Z'. F«r;«/ and C?;. Scyvlnn whom lo 'ucceed o- 
 thers were to belent fhould tall lotsbetweenthemieKes, whether ot them fhonid' nntinne (+ill 
 in government, and have thethargeof high Sp.it>!. And the lot fell ctu very well and ft that the 
 faid P.Turtus who had ruled the laid provine before, fliould there remain. 
 
 The lame year, by occahon thata good part of the Liguriansand Gauls territory wonby con- 
 queR lay void and was not as yet in the tenure and occupation oi'any man there palied an Ad of 
 the Senat, that it fliould be divided by the poll. So, >^.^:?».7/«/iheL.chief jnfli'eoftheCity of 
 Rome^h'j venue of a decree grantea out of the Senat, cre.ited ten Decemvirs or > ommiffioners :or 
 J) thatpurpofe, to wit, Ai,<t/£m^lms LcffAns^CS affms .T.El'.ttms Piirrus C, nwcli-ti' P .Cnr/iflius 
 CethegHi- Q^ and L. both named .'4j)ufeius, M.C'^cJihs C. S lomus, and C. lAnKnti y. To every 
 Roman citizen they let out ten acres apeece: and to theLatine j lie' three. 
 
 Abourrhe fame time that thefe affairs p-^ffed <t Rome there arrived thither Emb ffidor*; out of 
 RtoliA about their own civil dii'cords and leditions.Likewife there came others from U eff h- re- 
 porting v\hat wasadoing 'm'M.iced(»iy, For tVr/f>.-r (calling now in his mmd how tocompafs 
 that war which during his fathers lite he devifed and thouphtupon)endevonredrodriw inH win 
 unto him not only all the nations but the cities otG>-tWc'^ by fending his em'i.iffg samono them, 
 & promifing liberally more than hepertormed.Howbeit the hearts of the moll p.rt were x\ iined 
 to him and favoured his defigns,yea.and mu( h more affeilionat than to K.£«'wcwf/:not withftan- 
 E ding that all the States of Grffc^. and mofl oftheprin ipalperfonages we e obliged unro Ew^.ey.eSy 
 and in fee as it were withhiTi in regard of many courtelies and gnious favours re-eived .'this 
 hand^:&that he carried him'eltio in his own realm that the cities whi h werei >'K6tnnto him, 
 were not willing to change theircondition with any of the tree States whatfoever. Where s ron- 
 
 trarywife the bruit went,that Perjetts after his fathers decealekilied his wite witli liisown hards5 
 and iikewil'efecretly murdered ,'^ p lies, nho\e m\n\i\Ty and fervice in former t'mehehad u.c 
 raking away the life of his brother Demetri-.ts'-iot which caule he lived in exile be an eP/x/omade 
 
 r i-<_.- ^ I !• • n ^ i i: 1...L: /i -..\ i i j .- ■ i ' • 
 
 in 
 
 fearch after him for to have himpunifbed accordingly;him (I ay) he murder, d af'terheh'd :enc 
 for him upon his fathers death, and pro ured him to come unro him, with ^rear promifesrore- 
 compencehimhichly for the execution of the foteiaid fift, Yet asinfimonsas he wis wir^" thefe 
 
 F domeftical murders, and for no good pa-t and worthy defert otberwiie commendable : he vv.ii 
 commonly better regarded of the States of thecounciv than King Fun^fnei a Prin efokindind 
 goodto his kinsfolk. fo jnft and righteous to hi.<: 'nb)ecl.< lobounteon- and e pcfti' e toall men; 
 whether it were thatthey, pnfTeded aforehand with the t'ameand m^jef^ o' the Mi edoni:\n 
 
 ■ Kings,defpifed the rifngof thi.s new Kingdomsor thatthey v\ereder,rousof'noveKies and ate a- 
 tions5 oriaflIy,that they wiflied and had adefire that he fhould make he?d .igainfl ih' R'^man?, 
 Now were not the j£rolianson'y together by theeir- among themfel es by reafon thev were 
 dived fo deep in debt but the Theflaliansalfo: and this pel' ilent mafidy as i* vvereby fatchin?nnd 
 infeftion was fpred as far Z'^Verrhml'nu But after that the Senat wasad ertifcd that the Theffali- 
 anshad taken arms-»hev ii?nt yfp;). r/^- <i.«/asEmbifradorto fee and .ippea'(?tho'e troubles: who 
 
 |g having rebuked and '^hr'fli'ed 'he Captains of both fides, cafedandftrikpnoffs great p,Trt of the 
 debt, which grew burdenfome and grievous by exef'te ufury , and that with content of the 
 tnoft ofthecrcr'irors who had thus overcharged their debtors he parted the paiment oTthe due 
 debt ,-ind principal by even portions for certain years. The troblelom fltte of Pfrr/iir' vriikewife 
 v/as reduced into good term- ofquietnesbyrhe'elf-fame ,:ppifis.3r\d at'terthe fame order. And ac 
 the very fameinflant M /r^-c/A/x vihted the^-tolians & took know'edgat D /p!^i oCtheirtronhlei^ 
 and tommotions which ptoceeded from very hoUile he.'rts & minds,enemy-like;?»: were piirfuecl 
 
 with'
 
 8q6 1 ^^ ^^^ and fortieth BooJ^ o/T.Livius, 
 
 with civ il war. And when he faw that they contended and flrove much to furpafs one another in H 
 rafh couifes and audacious; hewouidby his decree neither charge nor difcbargc the one party 
 more than the other .• but he requefted them indifferently on both fides,!© abliain from war, lo 
 'make an end ot difcord and diffention, and bury all that was paft in perpetual oblivion. Whcrc- 
 apon they were reconciled : and this their aitonement was ratified with theaflurance ot pledges 
 interchangeably given : and accorded it was, they fliould meet at Cortmht there to beHow iheit 
 ho(i.i''es.From Delphi and that general diet oiJEtoU^, Afarcellnf ciofitdtbe Sezh into Pelofonne- 
 fus^ where he had appointed and publifhed afolemn affembly and councel ot the Acbians, 
 Wherein he highly praifcd and commended the whole nation, tor obferving lo (itdt'^ltly their old 
 decree, whereby tliey debarred and excluded the Macedonian Kings out of their, onhnes he de- 
 clared evidently and prefented to the view of allthe world, what malice and hatred ihe Romans I 
 bare to P(r)-/f«/. And that it might break out the foonec into open wars, King i:«wfwfj came lO 
 J?owf,and brought with him a note or abHrad otall the preparations for the war which with di- 
 ligent learch and enquiry into particulars, he had gathered. 
 
 Much about the fame time.ihe five Embaffadors fent unto K. Perfeuj for to fee into the affait* 
 of yI<f4(rf</o«y, were commanded to take a voyageasfarasyJ/t.wiWr/** torto rem w the old ami- 
 ty with King Pteiomtois. Tlie names of them were thefe,C.F.i/f?-/«j-, Qn.Luiatn Q-rccQ^h^. 'tts 
 Silica. A-f. Cornth'M MamK-.tda, and M.C^cilms Der.ter. And even then or not much after, there 
 came Embafladors from King ^»rw^«j: and the chief and prm-ipaiperfon among them, one 
 yifolLnitis.vi^i admitted to come into the Scnat, where he ex^uiedthe King his maHer for many 
 uoodand jull rcal'ons inthat hehadnotfent his tribute'&madepaiment to loon as he ought by K 
 the day appointed : but now (befaid) chat he had brought it all, to the end that the King (hould 
 be to them beholden for nothing but cherel'pite of time only. And befides, that they were come 
 with a prelentoFcerrain place of gold weighing 300 pound. That the King his petition was,That 
 iheiociety andfriendfliip which had becncontraded between his father and them, might be rc- 
 nucd alfo with him : promif.ng that if the people o*-' Rome would impofe any thing upon him to 
 be done^which were meet to be laid upon 1 >iOf>d andfaithful ally, he would not fail in his devoic 
 to perform all offices whatioever. For vvhyrheSenathadl'o well defervedot him, at what time 
 as hefojourned in /J<?>w<?,and iuthtourtefy hetound among the flour of the Roman yon^ Gentle- 
 men) that of all degrees and forts of men he was reputed and ufed more like a King indeed, than 
 an hoftagefor the time. ThefeEmballsdors received a gracious anfwer: and withal, ^.Jtnlius L 
 the Pretor oftheCity wasenjoyred to renew the league with ^«r/oc/w.f, which had been con- 
 cluded with his fatlier. As for the iribute,thetreafurers oftheCity received it : and the Cenfors 
 took all the golden veflels aforefiid, who had ttie charge to befiow the fame in what Temples 
 they thought good. Unto the chiefEmbaflador vvasfenta prefentin money, amoiintingtothe 
 fum of one looooo Afles: vvhoalfo wasallowed anhoufeto iodgin at his pleafure of free-coft : 
 and all his charges v/ere defraied by the City, during the time that he made abode in Italy. The 
 Embafladors who had been in Syr/^r, gave this report of him, That he was a man in great favour 
 and highly honoured with the King : and befides, Angularly well affeded to the people oiRome. 
 Now concerning the affairs ot the provinces forthat year, thus much as followeth. 
 
 C. Qicereius the Pretor fought in ranged battail with the enemies inCor/zc**, wherein 7000 of j^^ 
 the Ilanders were flain : and 1700 and better taken prifoners. Inthatcoufli6lthePietor had 
 vowed to build the Chappelof J«w lAoneta. After this, was peacegranted to the Corlians at their 
 own fuit and feekmgbut they werecompelled two pay to hundred thoufand weight of wax.C/«- 
 reiHs having thus fubdned dorficn-, paffed from thence over into Sardinia, A field alfo was tbught 
 in Liir«r»<«, within the territory of the St ateiiats, neer the Town CrufiHs'.iot thither affembled a • ' 
 great army of the Ligurians. Atfirft upon the arrival of M. /'(;p/7/«/ the Conful they kept dole 
 within the walls : but afterwards feeing the Romans at the point to give affault and to lay bat- 
 tery to the walls, they iffued forth of the gates and cmbattailed ihemfelves. The Conful for his 
 part forflowed not to come to hand-fight, the only thing he fought for in threatning to give 
 tffaulr. The (onflivSt continued above 3 hours, andthe hopeofvidfory hung in equal balUnce : M 
 which when the Co!", perceived, namely, how the Ligurian enfigns removed not and gave no 
 ground ; he commanded his Cavalry to mount on horfeback, and to charge with all their force 
 and violence upon their enemies in three feveral places: many of ihefehorfemen pierced quite 
 through the midll of the battaii, and paffed fo far, that they charged the enemies upon the back 
 as they fou'^ht. VVhereopou the Ligurians were much terrified and began to flie from all parts: 
 very tew retired back into the City, byrealbn that the horfcmenmade head againft them that 
 way molf ; belidcs, many of the Ligntians were left dead in the place ; fuch was their refolute 
 perlilian.e in fifht: killed alfo they were every where as they fled. Ten thoufand (by report) fell 
 upon the edge ot the fvvord, above feven hundred taken prifoners in one place or other, and 82 
 military enhgns were caried away. And yet was not this victory without effufion of Roman Q 
 blood : for there died of diem not fo few as three thoufand ibuldiers, by realbn tharthefor- 
 moll of both fides toughtfoman'uUy in the forefront, andwhilethey would not give ground 
 one to the other, were (Iriken down and flain without mercy. After this battail, the Ligurians 
 rallied themfelves intoont place, out ofall parts where they werefcattered in tberout;ind fec- 
 \^% that more ot their men were lofl than left behind (for in all they were not above ten thou- 
 fand) they yeeldcd fimply without any compofition : howbeit in good hope they were, that the 
 
 Conful
 
 J be tm and fortieth Boo{ of T.Livius- Spy 
 
 A Con'ul would not deal worfebythemnorinmorerigorousmannerthanotherGenerals before 
 him. Buche difarmed them alljtafed their rown,fold their bodies & all that they had^and lent let- 
 ters to the Senat of thele exploits olhis.Whi^h when ^.^:f///«/thePretorh2d read in theSenst. 
 (for the other Conful i'f/?/;«»;/«jvvasabfent,by occahonthat he was employed in the fiirvey and* 
 vifuingofthe Lands in Cat7:faKw) they thought it a very hard and trnelcciufe, that the Statel- 
 latSjWhoonlyotalltheLigiirians hadnot born arms agiinfi the Romans, who were then a(Tailcd 
 firft,when as they began not of their own act ord tom.ikew.^r, who alfo pin themfelves into the 
 protection ofche Romans, fl^ou.d be thus rigoroufiy inttcMttd thus torn, di membred jrd con- 
 lumed in molUriiel manner: thntfo many thoufjnds oM'rank condition, inno.ent perfons,and 
 imploring the mercy of the Romans, flionld be thiisl'old out-right, (a moll djnqerous example 
 5 that never hereafter any one will venture to fnbmit himfelt again : ) and Hnally, that they fhoiild' 
 be diHrail:ed and carried away into all partssto live in flaveryunderthem, who havino beenlome- 
 timesprofefled enemies oftheRomansjnow enjoy peace and repofe.In regard hereot^tbere pafled 
 an arelt or aft of the Senat that M. Popf/iusthe Coniul fliould pay back the price unto the buyers, 
 and reftore the Ligurians to their former liberty; to take order alfoth.u their r'oods(afmuch as 
 poflibly might be recovered) fhould be rendred unto them -• alfo that armour lliould be made in 
 ■that nation with all fpeed poffible, and that the Conful fo foonashehad recliablillied theLir-u- 
 rians (upon their fubmifllon) in theirforinerefiateflioulddepart out ofthe rrovince'forafmuch 
 as the honour of viftory conliHed not in exercifing cruelty upon the poor and afflicledjbnt in van- 
 qnifhing theobdinat. But the Conful as he bare himlelf proud 2nd cruel at;ain(t theLi^'uri.ins fo 
 C he fliewedasgreatfrowardnefsanddifobedienceto the Senat. And havingfenr away the legions 
 to winter in Pifd, he returned to /?<?»;^, carrying a feil and angry (^omAckagainit the LL. and as 
 fpightful and malicious a mind to the Pretor : where immediatly he aflembled the Senat in the 
 Temple of 5W/(j//-<, and railed up the Pretor in broad and grofs term<;. Forthache, whofepjrtit 
 had been to have moved the Senat for thankfgiving to the immortal Gods, in reg.ud of the happy 
 atchievement of the wars, in Head thereofpaflcdanaftofthe Sennt againft him and in favor of 
 theenemies,fortoputhimby his vidiory ardtof'ive it away from him to the Ligurians;andfi- 
 nally,beingno better than a Pretor, would have had the Conful yeelded in manner up into their 
 hands. Whereupon hefaid that he would befobold as fet a fine on his head: and withal, here- 
 quired the LL. ot the Senat to command and ordain, That the sred devifed againit him might be 
 D revcrfed ; and to give order, that the proceffions which in his abfence they ought to have de- 
 creed(upon his letters fent of his good fuccefs^ might now beholden ; inconliderationfirdofthe 
 honour due to the immortal Gods^and then refpedlively in fome meafure for his own defert. But 
 after he was checked by fome of the Senators to his face, and that in no milder tearms than he 
 had been rebuked in his abfence, he went his waies into his Province againjand obtained neither 
 the one fuit nor the other. • 
 
 The othei Conful Po/ihuminjhix'w^ fpent the whole fummer in furueying the Lands onIy,and 
 never fo much as feenhisown Province^returned to Rome2°z]n(\ thegener.ilaffembly forelefti- 
 on,.ind created CoalahC.Popilius LAnas. Confequently werePretors^elefted, to wit, C.Licim. 
 nsCraJfus, M.lHyiiHsVxniis, Sp. Lucretius^ Sp,Cltivi:ts, Cn.Siciriint^ and C.Mcmmiui.^X^it fecond 
 E time. In thwt year was holden a review of the City snd the number taken of citizens, (when as 
 Q^.FtihiasFl.-cctu and L.Poflhumuts ^Ib-.nas were Cenlors : ) wherein were found and enrolled' 
 of Roman citizens 26901 5. Thenumber wasfomewhat the lefs.by reafon that L. P»/?>W;;V//ihe 
 Conful had proclaimed in apublitk audience,That no pcrfon ofthofe Lntine aHies,who were to 
 return into their own Cities (by vertue of an edift made when C.C Ividius was Conful) Oioiild be 
 enrolled into the fubf.dy book nRoms. but every man in his fcvcralCity. This Cenforfliip was 
 adminillredwith concord and unity, yea and to the good and profit of the common-weal. What 
 Senators foever they depofed from their place and dignity, and fo many Gentlemen of i'^jwf as 
 they took their Horfes from , they made them all nobetter than contributsrics to pay all fcot and 
 lor, yea, and difplaced them out of their tribes. And look whomfoever the one of them noted 
 F with difgrace and ignominy, he was not relieved nor allowed again by the other. This Fulvhit 
 dedicated the Temple of* Fortuyj.t ccjueflris-, now fix years after he had vowed the fame in a bat- » The fortune 
 tiil which hefought with the Celtiberian5, at what time as he was Pro-conful in Spvn : likewife of hoife-fight. 
 he exhibited the ftage-plaies for four daics together, andoneday in the cirque or Hiew-place, 
 Corn. r.~;itulus fa Decemvir for the holy rites and facrificesj that year died ; in whofe room was 
 fubdituted A.Poflhumius Albimis, There were fuch mighty drifts and clouds as it were of locufts, 
 bro'.ioht fuddainly at once by a wind from the Sea into ylpnii^i, that with their fwarmsthey over- 
 fpread ail the fields far and necr. For the riddance of which noifome vermineconfuming the 
 fruits of the earth, C>7,5/<:/W«y, Pretor ele>^>, was fent with his tuil commillion of command into 
 Ap-;!:a who aflembled a mighty number of people for to gather them up, and emploicd much 
 Q time thereabout. 
 
 In the becinningofthe year enfuing, wherein r. Popiirntznd /'.•/£//«t were Confuls, the rem- 
 nant of the debates which arofe the yearbetore,was fet on foot ag.iin.The LL.of the Senat would 
 bavehad themarterpropofedS: debated again as touchingtheLiguiians,and the ordinance of the 
 Senat in that bebiU" renewed. But,as .€///.'' the one Confiii put up a bilthercf.fo PopiHrn the other 
 wasnnearnert fuiter,?i befought both his collegue&: alfo the Senat in the behalf of his brother; 
 nay. he proceeded fo farjthaihegave ihehoufetounderlland, in cafe they went about any fuch 
 
 decree
 
 i he mo andjortietb Bool^ of TXAVms, 
 
 Th: Oation 
 
 clefreeprejudicialumohim,he would crofs and revoke the fameby which countenance of his he H 
 affriobied bis coUeagneibutiheLL.were offended lo much the more aixl liormed againH both the 
 Confuls.yeaiand perlitkd Hill in their enterprife. And therefore when it was debated in counfel 
 as concerning the Provinces , albeit the Coff.made means to be lent into Maccdony (becaule the 
 warot Per jew was foneer athard)yetL;^«>'i^wasaflignedto both of them: for theLL.proieftcd 
 and faidjThat they would notpafs a decree (or the government oi MacedrayiWiAo.'i?. the cafe of Pa- 
 piliiisw^re p opoundedjandanaft thereofentred.Aiterwardsrwhen they demanded a warrant to 
 enrol new armies, or at ieaft-wife to levy a lupply for making up the old, borh the oi:e motion 
 and the ctherwas denied. The Pretors alio, who required to have a fupplement with ihern into 
 5;;^/«>had a n3y:and namely, Al.Juniut into thehiiherprovince,and P. Lucretius into the farther. 
 J^^ {oi CLicifiiusCraf Hi ^lo himtbere fellby lot the jurifdidlion within the City overcitizens,and I 
 to Cn.Sicinius that Other over forrainers, C. Memmtt^t was allotted to S;c///, and Sp. Clavius to 
 Sardiniii.lht Confulsfor thefecaufes being highly ofiended and angry with theSenat,caufed the 
 Latinefeafls and holydaies to be publifhed againll the very firH day that poflfibly they might,with 
 an intim.uion that they would go liraight into their province, and not attend the managingof 
 any affairs touching the Stare, but only that which dire6lly pertained to their governmcni:. 
 
 Fijleritts jMias writeth, that in thefcConfulsyear, y3tf<s'/« the brother of K.£fcw«»f^camein 
 embaffage to Rome^ to inform criminous matter againlf Pfrjw/,and to giveihe particulars of the 
 preparation thathemadefor war. Butthe Annalsofmany other writers Cmore worthy otcredic 
 than hejdelivcr unto uS; that K. Euwenes prefented himlelf in proper petfon : where he was re- 
 ceived with Auh honor,asthepeopleof^o»;i thought not onlymeet&agreeablefor hisdeferts, K 
 but alio fit and fnrable to their own favours and benefits, which they had in ample manner confer- 
 red and in great number heaped upon him. And then he had audience given him in the Senate, 
 where he fiiewedihe caufeof his coming to Komt what it was; nimely, *■' (befides a fer\ enc de- 
 o°£*mfBf°" ''^'le that he had to fee thole god-; and men by vvhofe grace favour he enjoyed lb good ell ate^as 
 "better he durli notwilh) bccauie he gbdly would advettiie the Senat by word of mouth, to 
 *' prevent and withlfand thedelign' oi Pcrfw. And beginning his Ipee^h with the platforms and 
 *' enterprilesofP/j;//;? he recounted withal how it colt his ion !><;«(«>-;/« his life, for that he 
 *' (tood againR the war with the Romans: moreover.how he had caufed the whole nation of the 
 " Balfarnians to quit their own conmrey where they w ere born and bred to the end that by their 
 " aid he might pafs over into Italy : but whiles (qd.hej thefe matters heproje<£i:ed and calf in his L 
 " head his time was comcjand arreifed he was by death : but he left his Kingdom to him, whom ■ 
 " he knew to be the molffpiieful enemy that the Romans had. And therefore f'f>/i»j having re- 
 '* ceived this war (as a man would fay) by way of inheritance left him by his father even loge- 
 *'ther with the crown and f.epter, from the very firllday ofhisraignjdoth nought eife but enter- 
 " tain,folier,and promote the fame by all the means and devices that poffibiy he can. Mighty and 
 '• puillantheis belides innumber ofyong,lufty,and able men for fervice,who during the time of 
 '.'long peace havefprung up and multiplied exceedingly. In wealth and riches agreatpoteriathe 
 *' is, and befidcs in his flourifliini^ years and the belt time of his age, which as it is accompanied 
 ■ " withthe very llretsgih and vigorofhisbody, fohisfpiritand mine! is inured and hardned with 
 '^ skilful! experience and long pradife of martial feats. For from his very infancy nuzled hath he w 
 " been in the field and camp, converfing ordinarily within the royal tent and pavillion of his fa- 
 *'ther, acquainted with the wars, not only waged againlf neighbour nations, but alfo againft the 
 " Romans; and thatwhich more is, empioied byhi fatherinmany and fundry expeditions and 
 " executions of fcrvi; e.But hnce that himfel* entred upon the Kingdom,and fwaied the regal fcep- 
 *'ter inhis own hand, he hath exploited &accompliflied many things with marvellous felicity and 
 *' fuccefsiwhidi his f.ither Ph lip before bim could never compafs and effeil:, notwitbfianding he •, 
 " tried and ;:fLied ail means as we 1 o^'opeo for e as fe-- ret fraud. To augment this greatnefs of his, 
 *' he hath purdiafed already that authorttv and reputation in the world, which others hardly in 
 ♦^continu.'n.e of long time .inH by many favors and ample benefits attain unto: and namely, 
 *■ throughout the States of (?;-f^ff ^nd -r^/7 .all men rcerencehismajefly. For what good turns, N 
 " for what pleafures done for what bounty of his they fliould thus do and honour him fo much, 
 " neither fee Lneuhsr can I fay for certainty : whether it happen by a fpecial gift and fortune that 
 " he hath ot his own or that ( which 1 am my feif afraid to (peak jit be the deep malice and hatred 
 " whivh hehathconieived again(UhcRom.in;,whi(.h is thecaufethat heis ofthat countenance 
 '< and lb gracious among them. Nay , with the very Kings and Princes of other nations he is high- 
 " ly clkemed and of palling authority. The daughter ofSfiatcm he hath taken to wife, without 
 »* any fuit of his own but being earnedlv woed and requefled thereunto. And to Truftot he hath 
 "given his own filkr in marriage after much feekingand inHant intreaty. Thefe two weddings 
 " were folcmni/ed with the exceeding jry and innumerable prefents of infinite embaffages : and 
 " who flioiild be prefcnt to celebrat the Anipices and complements,yea and give thofefpoufes inQ 
 " marriage, but the noblell and mo(f rcnnwned States that were ? The Bxocian nation had been 
 "muchlo!lic!tedbyP/j///p yet could never be induced to draw or pen any covenants of accord/ 
 " and amity vvith him : but now there is to be feen a league engrolTed, yea,and engraven in three 
 *' feveral confpii uous- places. the one in Thebes.z fecond at .W«7««;,withina molf holyjacred and 
 '•renowned Tcmple,and the third at Delphi. Whatniould Ifpeak ofthegeneralCouncelofthe 
 " A'.hxans.^ wherein, had not the defjgn beendafhed by feme there in place, who intimated and 
 
 ^' alledged
 
 The wo and fortieth Boo\^ ofT, Livim, ""%? 
 
 ^ *^ alledged hird the fcignory and empire of the Rotnaos, it would have gone very tiard,butthit hi 
 '*(liould have fee fortbeven within Ach£a. Butcontrariwifcl afiure you my due and dcferved 
 *'honors (unto whonvk is hardtofiy, whether they be more bounden and obliged for privat 
 " plealures or pubiick benefits j arc either forlent through rctchlefTc di(u(e and negligence or eUe 
 "annulled and abolifhed of wilfuU malice and boftile hatred, Asfor the /Stoliins, who knoweth 
 " not, that in his civil broils, and Seditions they lought to Perjeuj for to reliefe and I'ucct ur and 
 ** not to the Romans ? Being thus upheld with focieiies and amitics.he bath provided fucb /urni- 
 "fureof hisown, and made that preparation for war at home, as he needs none from abroad. Of 
 **bimfelfhe is thirty thoufand (Irong in foot & yooo in horle.l'orJcn years he is (tored wifhcofn 
 *'afotehand,fo as for that kind of purveiancebemay fparehisown territories, and alio forbear 
 jj " his enemies. As for mony in ready coin, he hath fuch abundance, (hat ovgr and above the forces 
 "ofnatutallMacedonians,he wageth i coco mercenary fouldicrs, and hat b where n'ith to make 
 '• pay for as m any y ears.befides the yeetly cuftomes & profits that arife out of their Kings mines; 
 " Now for armour, he hith gathered together into bis arcenalsand armories, fufficient to furnifl/ 
 ** three (uch armies. What Hiould 1 fpeak of the youth ani ferviceable men of war f Set the cafg 
 <• that i?/d«(^*«; failed him and were not able to find enough ; all liirace is {ab)sA unto him from 
 " whence he may ferve bis turn as out of his ever running fountain and living (prjng. Thsredof 
 hisfpecch he knit up with i exhortation in this manner. '• I relate not thefe things fqd. he) my 
 "LL. of Rome, as blown abroad and vented by headlefle beartfay and doubtfull rumors j neither 
 «'h3»e Jbeenfoready to beleevethem, as a man dcfirous that fuch Cfiminous imputations 
 " (bonld be verified upon my enemy •, but as undoubted and certain reports upon my own know- 
 ^ ''I !edg, asif Ihid been fent by you of fpecial purpole to be a (pie: and declared that and no mere,- 
 '• which I had fcen with mine eyes and not other wife.Neither would I have le<t mine own realm 
 •'wherein (by your meanes and goodncfsj in glorious and magnificent State I fit w<:rm enough/ 
 f' ibrto (ail^over (o large a fe» as 1 have dof?e and to carry vain tales and untruths to you.thetby to 
 <* crack my credit witbyou for ever hereafter. But I tell you ibe(e eies of mine have leciuhe moll 
 « renowned and nobleft Cities of Ajf^ and Grff«difcovering more and more from cay to day ' 
 '^' what they intend and what their meaning is; who if they be let alone and|peimitted to run on as 
 t« theybegin, would be engag^rd lo far, as they might not pofsibly return again & fa ve thcm(elvc$ 
 *fbvary repentance. Beheld I have Pfr/cwrfl fay) how be containeth not within the realm of 
 'i- M^ccdonj, butonewhile leizeth upon this by force of arais, anotherwhilegaineibsnd getteth 
 'tthat by favour and good will, which with violence hecould never have conquered, I perceived 
 <■ and confidcred well how onequall the match and condition is, v. biles he upon you prtpsreih 
 n war, aod you again perform to him fecority of peace. Although in my conceit, and lo tar as I 
 « could fee into it, be made no more any preparation thereof, but was already upon aftion and 
 «4 execution. For he chaled Abrufoltt, a confederal prince and friend of yours, forth of his King' 
 « dom. And /IrtttAruj the Illy rian, another of your allociats and allies, be killed outright, be- 
 «t caulc he found that he had written fome letters unto you. As for Everfa Sc CaUicr^tcf^hoththe' 
 « bans,& two principal States of that City ,for no other reafon,but becaufeioa Parliament of the 
 <c Bxotians, they had fpoken their mind againft him too frankly, and avowed that they would re- 
 ••peat onto you what things had paffcd, he ccufcd to be murdered. TheBizantineshe ;uc-- 
 ' " coured againlt the order taken in the accord .• upon Dolepu he levied war : Tbtfalj and Deris 
 ^ '• both he invaded and overran with bis army, to the end, that in fome inteltine and civil war, by 
 '« the help of moU parts he might af fliS and plague the better. He (hufiled dll together, and made 
 *!■ a veryconfufionoftbcStatein Thejfaljxnd ?errhtbia, uponibB hope and cancelling all bonds 
 *• and crofsing out all debt boohs ; that thus by a power and multitude of bankrupts, (uch as were • 
 " over -deeply engaged, and whom he had obliged and bound tobimfelf, he might deprcfle and 
 *' opprcfTc the great men and priocipall perfonages.Having wrought thele pratf iie^ uncontrolled, 
 *• whiles you fit (till looking on and lutfnng all, be feeing you to let him do with greece what be 
 *' lilt, making full account, that no man will put him on arms and make head againlt him.bcfore be 
 *'bc paffed over into //4/7.H0 w fafe this may be to you,nay,how this can (land with crcdit,(ee yon 
 F " to that and be advifcd. For my lelf.I alsure you, I thought it mccr fhaire and very viiSany, that 
 «• VerfcHi your enemy fhould enter into Italy to make war upon you, before thai I your f riena and 
 "allie, came to give your warning for to take heed and (land upon your guard. New fincc 1 have 
 «' in this mancr peiforn ed my devoir, done that office which I wss bound upon necefsity, and in 
 "fome mealure acquit my Iclf and difcharged my bounden duty and obligation of fidelity; what re- 
 "miineth behind lor me to do, but to be your beadsman to all the god> & goddefjcs.to vouchfafc 
 •'you that grace,that you may provide for your o wnCommoT weal.aod alio for us your friends and 
 " lilies, who depend wholly upon you Nn this iall I'peech he came netr unto the LL.of the Senat„ 
 Butfortheprelcntnoman might knowany thing,buconly that iheK. bad beenin theSenat/ofi- 
 Z lent were they rij& kept the counccl-boufe dole fhut with lecrefie. But after the war Was brougb: 
 to an end.thcn came aoioad, both what the K,lpake,and what anlwtr was returned to him again. 
 Some few daics after, the Senatfet to give audience unio the HmbaiTadors ol King Verjiftr.' 
 but hiving their minds and ears both, polsclsedaforehanj by KingEnrncfjcs, all the defence that 
 the Embafsadors made, and ail the entreaty ihey uled, wasrejcdtd. Befides, thedoutnefsufed 
 by Harp4ntJ(itic principal petlon of the embafsie)iDovcd their patiiiicc; and csilpcrated their fto- 
 ciacks. For he laid, that indeed the KK. ddicc & tndevour was,to be, credited and belceved in his ' 
 
 H h b h /ipblo^y
 
 ^00 
 
 The wo and fortieth Book of T. Livius.' 
 
 Apology andand det"encc,thjtb3 neither bad laid nor done any thing founding to hottiluy •• mary H 
 '» in cale he perceived and faw, that they came upon him thus, and woald needs pick quarrels and 
 give occafion of war, he wou!d ftand upon bis guard, snd defend bimlelr with a relolutc and va- 
 "liant courage. For the hazard of the field was comaion.antl the iflac of war uncertain. Now^ 
 all the Cities of Greece and ^Jf4 both, would rather then their lives have known what the Eai^ 
 «' baffadcrs of Ptfr/f«/,and what Eumenes had done in theScnat ; for in regard of his cotning,moft 
 of the [tates (iuppofing verily that he wouldftir coales and make fome workydad lent their Etn- 
 baflidors to ^flw.', prerending colourably other mitteis in Icmblance, but indeed to liften after 
 news: and among the reft, wasrheEmbaflageof (he Rhcdians, snJ thechief thereof was ope 
 Satyrus, who made no quell ion nor doubt) but that £»w.'>jfj- had done their errand, and put their 
 City and Pffr/>KX together in all their criminall matters laid to hiscbarge. And therefore he made I 
 all the means that polsibiy be cculd by the mcdiatioo of patrons,tfienJs, and acqosintance.to de- 
 bate the matter withKing Mumenes beforelbe body oNhcSensc: whscii when hehidobiained, 
 bis tongue walked at large, *nd overbold he w s and too round with the Kingjn broad inveftives 
 »hd inttmpeiittermes; nan ely, that hehadfollicitedaniflirredup the nation oftheLyci^ns a- 
 ^ainlt the Rhodians-and ws ^ an iv;s:vis:r friend unto y^jia tbcn JnuochHs had been. Which (peech 
 of his .as it was pisufv^le cncsgh ar;d piealing to the States of Afi-t f for they likewife by this time 
 inclined toatiVd andfavcur l-'frfcnf) lb it was unfivory altogether and odious to the Senat, and 
 r.othinf! profitable to thcrij'dves and tbeirCity. But contraiiwife, this banding and confpiracy 
 joainlf EufKCfieSy wan hiin the more grace and favor among the; Romans -, lo as they did him all 
 they honour they couid, pave him mutt rich and cofllyprefents, and endowed him with acurule K 
 chiirolellate, and aftaffecricepter, botbof ivory. 
 
 Alter thci'e embaflages bad tntir dilpatch and were difmilfed, H.irp^lus returned into lAacedony 
 in all Ipecd and baftpofsible, rtlstinganto th> King, how he had left the Romans not preparing 
 ss yet tor war ; but !o far out with hia: ^nd lo highly c fi;ndtd,th3t it appeared evidently it would 
 not be long ere they began. And Perfetts again for bis part, belides that he looked for no other, 
 WiS we'll enough plca'.tdtherwith. prefumingupon the flourand llrength of his forces.But above 
 all other hz malicsdEwwrwcrmoftv with whoic bloud bt laid the fii ft foundation of the war .-for 
 herubornedoi\e£-J'WfraC2ndiot and captain under him of certain auxiliary fouldiers, and 
 three Macedrnians befides ('whofe fervice and miailiry he had u(ed in the like feits) to 
 niuider the King. Hcgavetbem letters addrefted to one ^r^^o an hofteffe of his, a/ojiydamein L 
 Delphi, and ot greatcfi credit and wealth among them. For affured he was, that Eumenes minded 
 to go up to De/phi, there to (aciiike unto j^poUo. Thefe traitors together with Evanderkt for- 
 ward; and to execute thisfheirdcfignedenterprife, they looked all about and fought for nothing 
 but the opportunity of lome place or other. Now, as men aiccndfroro Cirrha to the temple, 
 before they come to any place much peopled and frequented with houfeSj there ftood a mound 
 or mud walon the left hand of the path or way, rinfigiomc what higher than the foundations and 
 ground- work; along which wall there was paff^ge lor one by one and no more j for on the right 
 hand the earth was broken down and fallen, and breach made of lome a good depth. Behind that 
 mound aforefaid, thefe traitors had hidden tbemlelTCi;, and raifcd Ibme fteps like ft airs ; to the end 
 tbittrnm above,aslromlhetopor a wa!,they might diicbaigetheit IhotuponK. £«»»?«« as he v| 
 pad'-d by, Bstorc him there marched from the fea, at toelirft a lort of his friends and followers, '' 
 together W'th his guard intermingled one with another; bur aftcrvvards as the way grew more 
 fhcigb: and na ro w,tbc train w:xed thinner. But when they were one come to the pUce where 
 ihey co'ild r ot go tut by one !.t once, PantaUon one ofthe :^tates and princes of iy£niltai with , j 
 Whjm the K.ng had Degun lome communication, entrtd firft into the narrow path aforefaid .• I 
 wjth that.tbe knavcsthat Uy in wau behind, loteupand loilcd down two huge (fones, wberof 
 the one Imote the King upon the heirf , t he other allonifbed his Ihou'.dtrt. And verily all the teft of 
 tiisfricnds and foUowerSifceirig him fall with the blou-,f]: d Ibme one vizy, fome another sonly 
 P^jKfrfVowllaid behind all, fearlcfle t^ protedandguard the King. The murderojsvillaines might 
 have fetched a niortcompalsabout the wall, and fcon run lothrKingto make fure work nd dif- N 
 patch him quite: but ihcy ••iippohng ih y had done the deed already, fled to the pitch of the mount 
 ParK^fiu, »nd made fuch had, that when oiie of the companiehjndrcd and llaied their running, 
 Iv^cauiehe dragged behind and could net keep pace and follow them bard at heels tbrougjj tDofe 
 fteep .:nd blind waics, thej made no more ado but killed him out-right, for fear left if he were ti- I 
 k-n, he fliould bcwiay and dildoie the •'•vhole treaion. The body ofthe King lay along on the 
 L;roand:and lirif his friends came turining aOout him,th-:;n bis guard and houfhold fervants. When 
 they reared him up, they found hicnaftcnied with the (troke and altogether fenfelefs in a trance.- 
 ^owbeit, by (ome heat reinainmg, and tbc beatmg of h's oeart, they pereceived there was fome 
 lifebut little or no hope they had '.hat he cou'd efcape ar.d live. Somt there were of his guard and 
 penfioners about him that u»ade puriuit after thcle urdcrersby their tratfts.- and when they had Q 
 held onthcir chaleastar asunta the crcftof P<i>-»<»^/, wearying themfclvcs to no purpofe^ 
 they gave over and; etuinedsswi'.e as thc\ went. The Macedoniausas they had begun an auda- 
 cious enterprile inc> nfiJeraicly, iothey Ictt it undone as fearfully and without advice. Now by 
 this time wss the Kif g come again to himlelf. And inc moirow after, hfsfriendsconveighed him 
 to hi5ftiip:hcmtbeDccfoC»r/w^;& from Cor/«rA along the ftreights//?AiM«i they brou^httheir 
 vt?iselSi& ciclsed ovcrto Jiigtra : where biscure was caried lo dole & fccret, without admitiirg 
 
 toy
 
 T be tn^o and fortietbBod{of T.Lm^So ^oi 
 
 A perfon to come unto bim.thit the tumor ran into y4J?a how he was dead. And^^u^/tfThilbroth^r 
 
 <by your le»ve)gtTe good ear thereto,& beleeved the news loDner then was befceminsbrof ha- 
 ly love and unity. For he entred into fuch talk both with his brothers wife.and alio with the cap- 
 tain of the caftle,|as if he had been the undoubted heir and alTured inheritor of the crown. Allfhip 
 Enmeties knew full well afterwards •• Who albeit he purpolcd to diflcmble (hen atter, and to hut 
 it up at Uaft wile with filence ; at their firft encounter and meeting together,he could not hold buc 
 reproved and reproached his brother, for being (o forward and over-hsfty to court and wooe'his 
 wife. The 'Otuitalfo was blown to /!(7w«-,and a report there was of the death of K.£.'.tef«/. ■ " 
 About the lame umtCFaierius was returned out of (rnffc?, who had becnfenttMrhcras Err*. 
 ■ baffaaor to look into the (hte of th; countrcy ; to mark dlib and obferve the plots and Droc^edin^s 
 I B oiPerftui, He reported ali things futableani agreeable to the intelligences given by Kuif f «w/- 
 HIS, and withall, brought with him tiom Dilphi dame Pro.-ce, in wbcichouie thafe vjllanous tr^i- 
 ' tors were lodged and harboured •• allooneZ,. /?rf.v.»/«/a Brcndunan, who infurmcd n?oreovl:c 
 and gave evidetjce asfollowcth.This Rarr.n us was one of the prmcipail cirivcns of BmnJitputii 
 ■nduiedto lodgand entcirtain in hishoufe,not onlycf the Roman csp;ains when they caincrii) 
 town, but alio thcRmbafiaJcrs of forreinn.uionstuchas wereofgrestclf mal-fc,ap.d principallcr 
 thofe that were lent from any Kings. By this meanes, acquainted he grew vihh.l'erfesir " 2h'-\f 
 they never had fcen one anothers face. And being invited by the King his letters, wherein he »"a's 
 pcomiled great hope of lome neer and inward fncndlhip above othe'is, and conic qucntly of ^reat 
 preferments tberc:^y,he made a journey unto him. Within a fhort time be was wound into very 
 familiar acq jaintaince with the King, and drawn into priv t conference and difcouriL- of feciets 
 C farther, I wis, then hirolelf was willing or liked of. For the King dealt with bim.y ea ..and imporl 
 tuned him with inftant praiers and large behefis of rjcti rewards, thit foralmuch as the Romara 
 captains and Embaflaiors uicd to take his houfc for their Inne, he woulJcsule as manyoftherh 
 ashL' writ tor, to be poiloried. Now for that he knew it wasaright diificijk and dan'^erous 
 uiiteer to come by fuch a pciion and compalTe this proj- ft, cfpeciaiiy if many were par^y and 
 pi ivy to him.- ndbefides, the event uncertain, cither in thetficft cf i.^edrugit felftobeftrong 
 quick and forcible enough to do the feat ; or in the Iccret working thereof, Icfl it fiiculd be 
 found and i'pied ; be would thctcforeput into his hands fuch a poifoDj s; neither in the civinp- 
 nor after it was £,iven, might be known by any fign whatfoever. Rammsti fc.iring kit if he rcfufid' 
 Sc denied, he (hould bethe fi.I^ man to make aflay and make experiment of the poifon promifcd fo 
 D to do, & then departed, Bnt return to Brundtifium he would not before he had ipoken with C Va- 
 Unus the Embaflador, who then Ib/ou-ned (as he heard fayj about Chuicts, Firlt onto him he 
 revealed this plot, and bybis commandment came along with him \.oR6mc: whefe bein-^- 
 brought into the Senat,after audience given,hel id abroad in every point a!l thai had pafTfd. I hfs 
 new matter, over and behdes thofe which £«wf;;(?j bad reported, was the came ih^tPitfeuf 
 was the looncr taken for an enemy, and io declared •• the rather btcaule they law Mm r.yt only 
 ■bout to make open war war of a princely and roysU mind, but alfo to piacliie and tx'ccure pri- 
 vily all kind of milchief, by way of covert brigandage, theeviili (tealth, and fecret poilon .The mi- 
 naging of this war was put oH" and referred to the new Confals .• howbeit for the prelent ordai" 
 ned it was, that Ct. Cicinius the Pretor who had the jurildiriion between citi2e-;i snd Craneers 
 E fhould /evy ind enroll louldiers who being conduced to BrnndM/in?»(hoali with ail convenient 
 Ipeed commit to fea, and fail over to ylpoKonia in Hpirw, fortoieiz upon the maritime Cities .- 
 totbe end that the Conlul unto whom the Province ot Macedonia fhould be illotted, miqhtar- 
 rive therewith bis veflels in iifcty, and (et his forces on land witbeafe. 
 
 EiimeHer, after he had been kept a long while at .€ff/»<«, dun-ng the lime Ofhis bard arddsn- 
 gerouj cure, fo foon as ever be might go lafely abroad, went to TcTgnrxui ; where over and be- 
 lides the old hatred laled in his brealt, being pricked illowi'h thisfrtfn nd bleeding viUanJ 
 praftiled by P<ry««/, he prepared war with alibis power to the utteniclt ; find thif he; repaired 
 unto him Embafladors from Rama^io tdtitie their joy for his evafion aod el'cspe out of lo necr and 
 great a danger. ' . ■• • , 
 
 '^ When the Macedonian war was delated and pur ( fl for one year, and the refl of tJie P'ret'ors - 
 goneahcady into their provinces, M. y«»>»/ and Sp. £,»rr/T»j- ,'unto vvhombcftllihegovern= 
 ment of SfAtn) after that they h d importuned and we ricd the Senat, in luing fo ionp for one: 
 thing, obtained at thelength acomniilsion for s fuppiy of (ouldieis to make uptbeariny • bv 
 vertue whereof they enrolled 300c foot, and ijo hone lor the legions : and levied 5 coo foct'and 
 three hundred horfefor the army of the allies. Thelcforcca were tranfpoitecl into Sp^/w with' ttic 
 new Pretors. 
 
 The lame year, after that a great part ofthe Caropain territory, which prjvst perfons here and 
 P there held in occupation without regard otiawful liile 5c tenure, wac^'upon diligent furvey madd 
 by PoflhumiMs toe Conful^ recovered again fot the publick uic ofthe City of Rtme • M. Lucre- 
 r»«/ a Tribune oft tic Com. preferred a law, thatthe Cenfors fliouldletoutto fa!m,tbe Campain 
 lands to tenants for ycerly rent. A thing that hart not been done for many ycrs after the winnine 
 of C4p«j,namely,that particular men fhould be fo greedy as to encroach thus beyond their bounds 
 upon the common wjli. 
 
 . The Macedonian war being now concluded, but notasyctpublifhsd snd procUinieo', v<ibiJes' 
 the Senat was in doubtui expcdation whatKK. would friend thcm,& who wojli fide mihPerfef^ -■ 
 
 Hhhh 2 JI55.,..
 
 Qoz The wo and fortieth Book o f T. Livius. 
 
 "■^ tbere came (o Rcme Eatht^idorsftom^riarates, bringing with them the Kings fon, x very H 
 
 child. The Ipeech they made was to ihis putpofe, that the King their irafter htd lent bis fon to 
 i?«wtf,tbereto hive his education , to the end that being there brought up, nught from bis infan- 
 « 'cy be acquainted with their fafliiDns,and convsrfe with the people of Rew? .His fuit & rcqaeft to 
 '•them was, that they would vouchiafcunto him not only the ordinary entertainment and pro- 
 «' teaion that privat perfons afiord to their guefts.but alio to take the charge of pdblick tuition, 
 'and as it were theguardianageofbim.Tbisemba0sgeof the K. was welltaken of the Senat& 
 pleated them highly. Whereupon they ordained.that Q.Liciums ibe Pretor .(hduld fet out a man- 
 fion houle wiih all the furniture, wherein the yong piince and his train might keep their refiance. 
 The Thracian Embaffadors like wile prefented ihemlelves before the Senat, to debate their own 
 controverfies in their hearing, and withall defircd their friendfliip and aroiry. They obtained j 
 their luit,and befides there was fent unto them by way of prelent.chc fum of 2ocb Afles a peece. 
 GUd waetheLL. ofthCiSenat that thele States were received icto their lociety, byreafon 
 Tkracta lyeth hatd on the back fide of MacHonj : but to the end that they might have perfe<ft in- 
 telligence and notice how all things went in Ayf<» and the UsndSjthey lent ihithcr C.QUudius Ne- 
 ro-, and M. Vicimius in enr.balTsge : whom they con iranded alfo to vifit Crea and Rhodej iioi 
 withill, bo! b to renew the amity , and alfo fpie and obfcrvc whether the hearts of thofe allies bad 
 been foUicited and tempted by K* ?trfeuj. 
 
 As the City was thus in doubtfiiil (ulptnce and espeaatibn of the eveht oi this new Wir.be- 
 holdin a temped that rofe in the right, a certain column or pillar ,garniflied and fet out with the 
 beak-heads of war (hips (which had been ereft.d in the Capiioll during the firft punickwarby E 
 A^. .4iwi/<w/theConfal, who hsdfor his companion in government Ser£. Fuhttts) *visbya 
 clapot thunder andlightningrent and cloven from the very bafe to the chspter. This was taken 
 for a prodigious ioker.,and report thereof was made to the Senat, The LL gave order, that tbe 
 Arufpices fliould be conferred withabout it, and their advice taken: likewifc they commanded 
 the Decemvirs to look into their books of5;^jri?4.TheDecemvirs for their part decUred,ihatiheCi- 
 ty ihould be purged and hallowed,publick fupplications and praiers made to the gods, and greMej: 1 
 beslls killed for facrifice,as well at Rome itr the CapitoU, as inCampainneerthepromon- [ 
 tory oi M.Kcrva, Alfo that with all convenient fpecd, there fhould be plaiesfolemnly exhibited 
 for ten d»ies together, in the hononr of moft gracious Jufiter, All this was done With diligence 
 accordingly : but the Atu'pcccs aforefaid, made anfwer out of their learning, that this prodigy I, 
 portended good and fignificd tbe advancement of their own territories .• together with tbe deftru- 
 dion of their enemies j for that thofe beak heads which the llormoverthrew,had beentbefpoils 
 of lliips won from tbe enemies.Therc hapned other occurrents befides to encreafe the fcrupulous 
 religion Cv devotion of men: for reported it was,bow at SattsrHu within the town it rained blood 
 three daics together. //?»», at Citlaua anaffe was toled with three feet; and i bull together with 
 five kine were Krucken ftark dead with one thunderbolt and flalh of lighting .-lali of alljat O**'- 
 mum there was a (howrof very earth and nothing elfe.ln regard ot theie wonders alfo.facrifices 
 were celebrated^ fupplications made, and one day kept holiday and all fhop- windows fhut. 
 
 Yet were not the Confuls departed into their provinces, bccaule they neither would obey «nd 
 
 condelcend unio the Senat in propofing the matter as touching f^piliut at tbe councel tablcj and \it 
 
 tbeLL. were as refolut for their parts to let no decree psde, before that were done. Tbcfpight 
 
 and hcart-barningthey bare againlt M, Pepilius-) grew the more by occafion ofhis own letters, 
 
 where, n he wrote and gave them to undctUand, that being ProconfaI,he had now a lecond time 
 
 fjught wj5h ibe StatcllatsioLc^»rfVj,snd put ten thoufand ofthciiJ o the lword,by reafooof which 
 
 hard courfesand .xtrta nuies ot war the other nations lik>j\Yi(e of tb:; Ligurians were ent red into 
 
 jrms.A; which n>.ws not only Po_p//;»/ was blamed behind bis back of making waragamftalllaw 
 
 andequity upon thcrmbat bad yeeldcd, andihcreoy provoking ihoic whp bebre were quiet, to 
 
 go out and put thcilelves in aftion of rebellion ; but the Conluls alio were checked to their faces 
 
 in the Senat, becsufethcy let mi forward to iheir charge and government. M. A^fartttit Sermo 
 
 and Q^<nttns Ma>tiui ScfB^t. c vo Tri uncs of th<r Cotrunons iceingthe LL, of the Senit thus I>J 
 
 drawing all in a line, took heart unto them,and both menaced the Confu's to tine themjunlefs they 
 
 ma it more haft unto tceir province ; and alio recited in tbe Senat a law which they had drawn 
 
 and framed, and were upon the point to ptomulge, as touching the foilaid Liguri»ns who had 
 
 ibbtTiitted. The tenor whereof rsn in this form- That yvhar per fou fceveref StaielJas hadjteUed 
 
 himJJfand TVAS VQt fefloYtdte i^ibertj a>id freedom l>t fore the calends of ^ Sextilis next enjuing., 
 
 KioiAuguji. the Senat upon iheir oath Ihould ordntnone fpectat commtffimcr to make in t^u fitton Bj ntholc jraudf 
 
 covin, aidmtice hewas in vdlenage a»dp»ni(h the part j accotd'nglj.lihtn by authority and appro- . 
 
 bstion o< the Senat 'hey pujlilbed this foralaw. Now before that the Conluls took tbeic 
 
 journey, The SenitalTembled in the Temple ot-Bf//<»«4 in regard and favour of C. Cictreiut f\\\c 
 
 Prefor of the former yeer. Where audience was given him: and after behad dedaredwhtt 
 
 expi Its he had performed in Corfica., thereupon demanded triumph ; which when be 
 
 could not obtain, he made nomore ado, but rode triumphant in the Albane hill 5 fcrr.ow 
 
 it was taken up and grown for acuftomc foto cfoj and aske the authority and the State no 
 
 leave. 
 
 Theforfaidlawpropofcd by the M(»r//i the ccmnncns withagcnerallconfentby their voices 
 
 grimed
 
 The mo and fortieth Boo\ ofT, LmiiL ~~ qqJ~" 
 
 A queftion iti the Senat, Whom they woald have fit upon their inqulfition according to the Koi m 
 oftbel'tid liw.And theLL.ordainedfeimfclftobcthe inquifitor.Tbetiat length and not^fore.ihie 
 Confuls put thcml'elvcS ill their way toward their province, and reccivedthechsrgeof the army 
 fwmM. PopiliMt.Tbis Popiliw dax(\ not yet return to Ac/wr, forfear befViould becRlIcdinqueT 
 ftion and put to his anfwer before thattPretor and iuprcme judg,who had required tiie advice of 
 the Senit as touching that enquelt framed and drawn of pui poic acainil him : knowing luil weU 
 how theSenat was not wellafledtedtohim, and the pet.ple much more n alicicLily bent and Vet 
 againfthim. But the Tribunes of the Commons thought they would pre vent and ii;ect with this 
 flinching ot his and afafenting bimfeif, by intimaf ion oi another ad and law provided in that be- 
 half, namely, that if he entered not into the City of Atfwf before the* Ides of iV«2.f«r^friuime- ' ' 
 B diatly following, it fhould belawfuU iotCLiciniftr to proceed in/bdgir.ent, andpive Icntence'^ °^ Nfveri 
 againft him in his ablence. This cord towed and haled him to R<.t»e with a witnelfe ; and when 
 he was returned and entredinto the Senat.ihey were upon his top, and gave him (tscn a wclccm^ 
 thither, M tcftified their difpleafure and hard conceit ct him. After be had been well baited ant< 
 (liaken up among them, an sft of Seoat was entrcd in this wife, that lo many of (he Ligmijns as 
 had not been enemies, after the time that Q.. Fu/vitfundL. M^nAax were Confuls, tboierbe 
 Pretors,^. Lici»:us ind C>». 5/a«i»f, fhould rCftore and cdibilh in their former (bic ot freedomt 
 and that the ConlulC. Pepiliiu fhould fet them out landjto occupy and pofTctfebeyon.l the Po.Qy 
 vetrue of this arreftj many a i oo were (ct free and enfranchifed, who being traniportcd over the 
 river Po.had land alligned unto them accordingly.Now M, ^opilt$is upon th/j law Murtta (pro^ 
 2 mulgedby thetwo;i/4r//i,Tribunesof the Com.) antwcred for him(cifjudicii!!y twice biforq 
 C C. L /«■«»/■»/. At the third time, the Prctot overcome with a rcfpedive grace and tsvonr to (he 
 Co(. a bfentj and the earneft praiers of the whole name and houfe of the Pc/>»//i,adjourntd the de» 
 fendaot to make appearance into the court upon the* Ides of ^^r^r/j; on which day the new ms- '^" 
 giftrats were ot enterinto their offices.- and this he did, beciufchimfclf bythat time IhoulJ be'^*'''^'''-^-"f* 
 a privat perfon again & therfore not to fit upon the bench as jiidgto hear picas and <o determinej 
 Thus theaforefaid asft as touching the Z-igurians, finely fhifted and cu.iningly avoided, cams to 
 jult nothing, ... 
 At that time the Cartliaginian Embaffadorswereat i^aw*, with C«/*rjf4 ibefonof/^/,r/rf»/j/:^ ; 
 between whom bard hold and much debating there was in the Scnat. The Carthaginians com* 
 si plained, that over and behdes the Lands f about which there bad been fentcommifsioners ftoni 
 D Rome before time, to view the place and to enquire into the caufe) y\afanijfu within t h< laLl t wo 
 y eers and by force and arms poflelTed himfelf of more then tfareei'core and ten towns and ciiiles 
 within the Carthaginian dominion and t erricory.and an ealie mattec was it for hi u iu to do who 
 madereckoningof nothing,nor had regard of any perfonj whereas the Carthaginians were lo tyecJ 
 and obliged by their capitulations to ttjcgood-aoearing, ihsttbey held thc'r peicesfor, inbiDutd 
 they were to bear arms without their own coujitrey. And albeit they knew affuredly, thatthey 
 fhould war within their own confines, if they dil'sitzcd the Numidians of thole pecces.yct teared 
 they that one exprels article of the acc-ord,where they were debarr'd in plain terms.to wage againft 
 the afsociats ot the people of ^tfWf.Howbcit. tbi: Carthaginians could no longer endure this pnd ^ 
 (.cruelty, and avarice. Sent therefore they were unto tne Scnat as bumble orators iha? it might 
 ^ pleafe them to grant one of thele three rcquelts .- to wir, Thst cither they might debate with ir.« 
 different audience before them (being allies to both alike) astouchingihe right ofthe oneand 
 the other .• or that they would permit the Caithaginians to defend tbemftlves by jull and la wfuH 
 arms, againftunjuft and ungodly force .-or elfe finally f'if paitiall favour fwayed more with them 
 then the truth of the caufe) to fet down at once what their plealure wasfhould be given away 
 out oftheir own, to yW.a/<»fl//4. For they yet, would have lome gage of their hand, and know 
 what they gave ; whereas he himfelfhad no ftay,ncr would ever Ice to mske in end ifounlatiable 
 was his lult and appetite. But in ca!e they migtti obtain none otth tie point>, and that there could 
 be found any fault or trefpals of theirs, commited fince the peace granted unto tbcm by Sciptt; 
 then, that they rather then any other would chaliilethem, for rather tbcy hid to 11 Men fci?i! 
 F lude under the figenory of Romans with lafcty, iben enjoy I'uchaiiDctty as fhould becxooled 
 to the ir\iaxksoi'Mflfa>tif4. And better it were for (hein to ptrifli and die once for all, thento 
 Jive and languid! under the yoke of a moftctucll and bloudybatcticr. At which words the tears 
 trickled down their chetks, and down they fell at their feet. Lying thus proHiatc upon the 
 the ground, as they moved pity and companion to themfelves, (o they procured delpight and tna- 
 Ijceagainft thc>King. Then thought good it was to demand of g«/Af/^, what he had to am. 
 fwer as touching thefc matters ? or clfe fif he bad lo rather hiralcU) to declare before, for whig 
 caufe and upon whatoccafionhe was come to Romt. Gw/w/^i made anfwcr, that neither it was «• 
 lie for him ro deal in thole points.wherof he had no commiision from bis father .• nor for his father 
 ^ to give him any fuch charge, confideting that the Cattbaginians, fliewed not unto bimofwhat 
 bofinefs they would creatj nor yet made him fo much as privy of their coming to Rsf»e, This only 
 was known, that there was a clofccouncel holdcn for certain nights, by the principal Stares of 
 Ctrthage within the Temple oity£jcHlapius,Uo(n whence Embitsadors were dilpirched to Rovrr ■ 
 with hidden mefsages. - And this was the caufe that his lather bid lent him to ^ow?, to oe leech 
 the Senatnot to give credit to the flanderous acculationj that Oionld be preferred a^^ajnft hia>by 
 thotcthat w«te<oDnmon enemies as well eo thun as b»m; who bated bimti/rno other cauftbijtf 
 " ' H h b h :? fcf
 
 904 JbetiPoandfmietbBookofT.LWvas, 
 
 for th»t he had continued loconftant inhistealty and lUcgcance to the people of it#»wf. TheSc-tt 
 nat itBlbavjng heard whatthey could (ay ot both fides, latin councellas touching the demands 
 ot the C rtbaginians .• and at length commanded this anlwer to be returned>bow their advice and 
 pleafure was, that gu/itjfa fhonld prelently depart and go into A^ww^Wwjand give his father to pn- 
 derftandfrom them, that with all fpced he fend his Embafladors to tfas Senat,as concerning thole 
 complsints which the Carthaginians had made of bim » aifo to give intimation and knowledg un- 
 to the Carthaginians, that ihey repair likewile thither to debate their controveilitS & differences 
 betweenthem, Andif It lay in their power to effed ought for the honot of yl^ajamjla.ibey would 
 be as Willing to do it hereafter, as they had been ready heretofore, ^lary, to mimfter juftice tot 
 favour and affedlion, that they would not do it in i.ny wile, WilUng they were that every man 
 fhould know and hold his own, and keep bim within compaffe ; neither mirded they to (et out j 
 r:ew limits,but to obferve theold bounds. Indeed they hid granted to the Cs'(h3ginian$>after they 
 were conquered, boih towns to inhabit, atid territories to poUefle ; not tt» tdis end, that in time of 
 p« iCe they fhould pluck that aw. V by wrong and outrage, whichdutmgthc wars (heycculdcot 
 take from them by martial law and force ot arms.Thus was the yong prioce,together with t beCar» 
 thaginiansjdilmifled. Prelentswete given bothto the one and the oifaer,iccordingto theordcfj 
 and other courtefies of hofpit Jity were friendly obfetved. 
 
 Much about the fame time C». Servilius Citpio, Jpp. cUudint Ce»t9, and T. Annius Lnfcut, 
 Einbafladors fent into Macedonj, for to demand amends and reftitution, and withallto dilclaim 
 end renounce the Kings amity, returned to ^ew^ Who having related in order what they had 
 (ten and heard, enflamed the Senat more againft /'<fr/«'«/, who were alreayofthemlelvos enkind- k 
 Jedencugh. They made report, "That tbroughill the cities of ^<i^f<^«'»; they !aw prep ration 
 "for war in all forcible manner; that when they came to the court, for many daies they could 
 " find no means of accefle to the (peecb of the King ; and in the end, after they were departed 
 *'• from thence home ward('as being pall all hope of parley with him)then and not afore,they were 
 " called back again out of their waj, andfo brought unto his pre fence.* (hat the lam of their em- 
 " baflage and Ipeech unto him was this, namely, to put him in tT.ini of the league firft contrafted 
 " witti Phthp 8c afterwards renucd with himfelf fioce the death of his faihctj wherein by exprefs 
 "words he was inhibited 10 6car arms without his own frontiers, and likwiie dcbsred to levy 
 '• wart'ponany confederat allies of the people of ^ewf .• after this, that they had recounted and 
 "laid abroad from point to point thofe (pecisitiei, whichthey them(elvesbad lately heard King ^ 
 •' Eumenes to declare and dilcourfc, which were all apparent truihs, upon bis own afTured know- 
 »"ledg. Moreover^ that the King held a fecret councelfor many daies together, with the Embaf- 
 •' lages of the Cities of AJia: in regard of which injuries, that the Sioat thought it reaion ande- 
 "quity that hefhould make latistaftion, yea, andreftore back both to them and alfototheic 
 *' afiociats, wbattoeverhe held contrary toright, contained in the accord. ThatthtKing herc- 
 " upon at the firil fell into a fit of choler and indignation,and gave them hard terms, reproaching 
 " at every other word the Romans for their covetoufneis and infolency. And as tor their Embaffa- 
 " dors that came unto him one after another, be (aid they were but fpies, toliftenandfee what he 
 ' did or faid j & no marvel, for they thought it meet tha be fbould conform and fame bimlclfin 
 "all his words and deeds, according to their beckand commandment. At thelaft, whenhehadin ^ 
 '■ this wife difcharged bis choler with high words & broad (petches for a long time, that he com- ^ 
 " minded them to repair again unto him the next morrow, for ihst he would give themtheii; 
 " anlwer in wi iting : and then he delivered unto them a Icript to this effeft as loUoweth. Firft.is 
 »• touching the accord & covenantconcludcd with my fathcr,that is nothing to me at al.lf IfufiFer- 
 "cd it toberenued,it was not for any liking or aoprobation therofibut bccaufelbeirig new come 
 •' toiheciown, and lately pofftlkd oftbe Kingdome, 1 was to bear and endure all things what- 
 " ioever. but in cs(e they will enierinto a new league with me, rcquifit it is that a ticaiy and a- 
 •' gieemcnt pafie rirlf of the conditions. And if they could be content that a covenant were dtawn 
 '• witiuquall and indifferent capitulations, yet I will flcep upon it and be well advutd what todo 
 "for the Dc(i, asldouht not but tbcy liKewife will havt a good regard to the proh of the Com- lyj 
 "monwc?,!. And herewith, that he luddainly flungaway ftom them, and we all began to avoid 
 "out ofthc pallacc. Whereupon we proceeded according to our commifsion to abandon and 
 **dilavow bii amiiy and ibcicty. At which word of ours, be (taied in; great wrath and fury, and 
 <' with a l.ud sndfhtiil voice, warned us upon our own perili andhazird.tobegone outof tbe 
 '« marches of his realm within three daies •• finally, in this mancr we departed and put our fclves 
 " in our journey, and found i\ei:her friendly welcome at our fitit coming, nor any courteous en- 
 " tettainuient while we were there, nor yet a kind farewell at our departure. When they bad once 
 done, the Theflalian and ^Etolian Embafladois haJ audience. 
 
 IficScnat, to tbe end that they might know out of band, what captains and commanders the 
 commonweal was to employ, thought good to write unto the CoH. that tbe one or other of thetn „ 
 (whofirft might) (liculd repair to Reneiox the creation of newmagiftrats. And no great matter 
 to Ipcak of, as concerning the (late, was that y eer done by the Cofl. But more expedient it was 
 ibougbt for the commonweal, to fupprcfle and appcafe tbe Ligurians, whofe bloud was up and 
 chafed agaiu'> them ccnlidcring that the Macedonian war was m daily expcfiancc. 
 
 Morcover,tbe Emballsdors of IJfa gave octaficn, that Gcmtw alio King of lUjrtcum was bad ' 
 >n jeaiouhe : who at one time both complained of him, that now twice he had walied to 
 
 '■ '-''^•3" their
 
 Tbetm and fortieth Boo{oftXmiisy '" ^^05 
 
 A their country ; aad slfo midc report, how the Macedonian and Jllynan Kings were all one and 
 fo great together, that with once confent and common counfcl tbey prepared to war upon the Re 
 inans: finally, that tbclUlyrians were now at Romein (hew and femblanceofembaflage, but in.' 
 deed and very truthjHo better then rpies,addre{red,on purpofe by the motiv* tr.d advice'oiPerfew 
 to hearken and leatn whereabout they went at FomeAhefe IHyrians were Tent for into the Senac 
 boufe, and when tbey had faid, that they were emploied in ctnbaflage rrom Kirq Gevt/ut to 
 
 ■nlweruntothofeaccufations which it might be the Ifleans framed againft him .-it Has acam de- 
 manded ofthem,How it hapncd that tbey went not direftly nor foe wed themielves in luch fort 
 to the magiftrat, that according to the maner and cultome.they might have bad ihdr loc!"ip" pro- 
 T vided and prd cms given them, with the ordinary allowance of i be City, meet tor thern dufin& 
 B their abodc,that thereby knowledg might hwe been taken . s well of their coir.irg.as alfo of their 
 , bufinelTe and errand f But being taken tripping and failing in their anf wcrjfhey weie commanded 
 to void out of the Councel- chamber. For thought ft was not mecr, to give them their difpjtch as 
 Embaffadcts, fince they made no means to prcfent themielves unco the Senit.- but rs:hcr tbey 
 were of advice, to difpatch Embafladorsof their own to the King, to fignifie onto him. which o^ 
 his aflbciats had complained unio tbeSenat, how he had burnt their villages within their rctrito- 
 ries •• yea, and to tell you it plainly, that it was not well done of him, that he could not forbear 
 but do wrong to his own allies. In this embafsie were lent, yi. Ttrenttus Farro^ c. Pkienus and 
 C Cicereimt. 
 
 Likewife thcfe Embaffadcrs.wbofe commiflion was vifit the aflociaf Kings,reiutred out of^- 
 f«,ind reported that in the (aid ^/?4 they had communication wwh Eumf^cs ; '\n Syrta witb^w^ 
 C tiachus, and in hUxaxdna wish PtoUn.AU!: who all of them had been follicived by lundry embaf» 
 ftes of Pf r/<r»«, howbeit they perdlted firm and fait in their profefled ftalty, and promiled to per- 
 form whatloevcr the people of P^ome would command them. Alio that they went totbc confede- 
 rat liates, whom tbey tound true and loiall enough, excepting the Rhodians only, whom tbey 
 perceived to be floting & wavering,as altogether inlct^ed 6: pc:!oned with thecoenielof P,fr/w 
 Now were the Rhodian Embafladois coireto anfwer (ho(e things which they knew wens 
 commonly bruited aboad touchmgthcirO.ty.' howbeit the Senit w. s not of mind topivethem 
 audience, before the new ConlBls entred intotheircffice. But they weieallof advice to deiay 
 no longer the pteparation tor war. C. i:^.-^/«/«nhc Pictorhad inGharge,outofthcold Quinque 
 rcmes which were laid op in the docks and harbors, forcpair'asi' any as might (erveat (ea; u 
 
 C. Licinius was commanded to enroll of Roman citizens ^atid thole, Li^cttins fuch as of bond- 
 men born.had been entanchiled) for marinets and (ailers, asm ny as might lerve 25 Chips; md 
 Cn.Ucinius had comaiiffion tolevy as n any ot Latine allies for the like numberof fhips ; M(o 
 the Ptetor was enjoined to charge the Latimc allies With 8000 foot, and 400 horfc. ^. ActUim 
 Serranus, who had been Pretor the yecr before, was cholcn to receive thefe forces at Brundufi, 
 urn, and to conduft them over into Maeedony : and C«.S/f/»/«nhe Pretor was appointed to hive 
 the army in readinefs for to be traniportcd. As fcrC. L/c/.</«r the Pretor, he by authority 
 trom the Senat, wrote to C.Prpilius the Conlu! that he lliould command the lecond legion,whicb 
 liadbeenlongefl emploied in L/;^«r/d,:md corAllled of the molt experienced louldiers, toeether 
 with four thoufand footmen and two hundred horfeof the Latine alliei, to be ready a't Brf.ndu- 
 fium upon the * Ides oiFebymry. With this fleet of fhips and forces of louldiers, Qn. sictniMt ij of AVern- 
 w as commanded to keep J/<j««/»«;,ur.till one were appointed to loccecd him J and for this pur- 
 pofe bis charge of command was continued for ay cer longer. All thele diretSionsof the Senjt 
 were put in execution with great diligence an J txpt dition. Eight and forty Qmnquerems were 
 fetafiotc out ofthcir docks; and L.Pfirc.'w/ £,»<•/«»«/ was ordained to conduft them toEnnduttHm: 
 the I'.tber la were lent our of Stcilj. Three Hmballsdcrs Wcredilpatched into .-.W/,j and Cala- 
 bri», to wit, Sf-v. DtgittMt, T. luvcKtins and JH. C aclic.s^ for to (oy corn to lerve the fleet and 
 
 mandcd to take the firll time, and withall I'pecd to creat new magillrat!:, confideti.ig that fo great 
 3 war approached loneer. And therefore when the Confull dilcouifed in tbetci pig of i?(ri7e«j 
 as touching bis exploits in Lfg«r/<», the LL. of the Senat were nothing well plealed to hearbim- 
 but in Itead thereof, they muttered every where, and asked him ofterttimes, Why he had not 
 reftorcd to liberty thole Ligurians, who were opprcfscd through the wicked proceedinTsof his 
 , fathet? TtietlstaionofthcCcnulswasholden upon tbetwefthday before the Calends o?/J^d-c;c, 
 ^ accoiding to 'he writs that went out •• wherein v/ere created Confuls, Pub. Licimtss Grachui 
 and Qa;us Cafiits Le»^/««i.Tbe morrow following, the I'retors wereclcfted.to wit, C^/k/ W- 
 fitiHS Galh, L. Fftriuj ?bi/ur., L. Canilmi Dtves, C. LucretiKs Cj^lht, C. Car.intus Rcbutims.indi 
 L.ViUiHs Annalts. Tothefc Ptctors the provinces were sfligned mthis manner : that two of" 
 them fhould lit as LL chief juftices in Rome for civil jLirildidion: three other to have the govern- 
 inert ot5p<», S<cilj, zud Sardinia: fo as the fixt only fhould remain not alloited to any place 
 tor to be emploied whcrefocver the Sen st would think good and jirdcin. rThc Conlulj eici*'
 
 5o5 ThewoandfmietbBoof{ofT.L'Wi\is. 
 
 were commanded by the Senate upon the foleinnday wbeo tbcy were to enter into their msgi- H 
 ftracy, after they had tacrificed greater bcafts, asit appcttiined, topriy in this fornj, that the 
 codswould voucbftfethe war which the people of Aowir intended now tb enterp 
 well and come to happy iffne. The fame day the Senat decrccd.tbat C. PopiliMs the v-onful fhould 
 fetont plaies for ten daies together in the honor of/ftp. Opt. Max. indtheofFciingsfliouldbe 
 made at all the (brines and altars.it (o be commonweal coniirued for ten ytcrs,in the i»me good 
 eflatc as now it Rood. And as the Senat ordained, the Conlul vowed into the Capitol!, that the 
 laid plaies fhould be exbibi'ed,&ofi'rings were prefcclcd of as great value as it pkaled them to fet 
 down. This vow was pronounced by the Corfu! in the prcfence of no fewer then- 150 Seat- 
 tors, and accordingto that form of words which Ltptdus tbe bigh-prieft or foveraign Bifhop 
 indited. That yeer died certain Prclats of Slate, towir, L.(i^»»//'/« Prfp;»j one of the Decern- I 
 virs or iuperindents over the holy rites, and O. Full ms FUcctts a billiop, who the yecr befcrc hid 
 beenCenlor.This man had a il end.I t fortuned that news came unto him of bis two foos, who then 
 ferved inthewarsof//)r/c»/w, howtheonewas dtpantdout of this life, and the other lay fick 
 of a gtievous and dangerous malady. The loriow for theone, and the fear tor the other, hap- 
 ninglojuftat onetime, brake bis heart and oppredcd his (pirits jinlomuch as the next morn- 
 ing, when his fervants cntred betimes in to his bed-chamber, they found bim banged by a cord, 
 and ftrangled. It was thought abroad, that be had never been his own man, fince he was Cenfor, 
 fnd commonly it wasl'poken, thtiJunoLactmam wtatbfulldiipleafure agiinft hitr. for f polling 
 her temple, bereft him of his right wits. In the room of &.m)lms, M, Valerius Majfalaviis 
 fublliiuted Decemvir: and inltcadofF«/':'/«J there was clefted Archbifhop, C*f«/ Dcmitims K 
 e/fwf/'rfr^ffr^whotofaytbefiutb was very yongto be madeapriefl. 
 
 In the year wherein P. Ltc,niHs and C.Capius were Cenluls, not only the City of Reme., and 
 the whole land oHtalj, but all the Princes and btutes of Europe S:C AP^-> were amuicd refpcftive- 
 ly upon ibi war between the Macedonians and Romans. £««»fwj(King of ^/rf)oo' only carried 
 80 oldcankred malice againit PA///p, but alio was pricked forward wnh newdefpiteandangec 
 upon atrelh occafion, in that by the wicked praftiic of /'rr/iw, be bad like to have been lacrifi- 
 ced at Delphi. Prufa/XingoiBithynia., was refolvcd not to enter into arms, but attend the if- 
 roeofthc war.For be thought it not reafonand ieemly forhim to take aims in the defence of the 
 Romans againft bis wiveS brother; and this atcount was made, that if Ferftushipaedtohivc 
 thebetter,he might foon obtain pardon at his hands by the mediation ofhis filler. yfr/4r<»/f; King L 
 o^ the Cappadocians, over and behdcs that be h .d promiied aid to the Romans in bis own name, 
 ev. t iince that he bad linked in affinity to Sumeues, drew the lame way which he went, 2nd 
 joyncd with him' in all his couof els both of w^r and peace. As for ^ nticch fij[_Kiag of S^riajhis 
 tecib wateredfvcrily atthe Kiogdorae of ./Egypt, ashe,whodcfpiled as wcU the childhood of 
 the yong King in his nonage, as tbe weaknefle and negligence of his guardians : and ioofidering 
 tiicrc was foroe conttovetiie about the title oiCceleJyta-, he fuppofed that he fhoiild have good 
 cccahon tolevy war, to manage alio and exploit the lame without empejchmcnt,wbilcs the Ro- 
 mans were bufied in the Macedonian war ; howbeit as well by bis own Embafladors fent unto 
 the Senat, as alio unto theirs addrelfed unto him, he promiied ilouMy tabe for them. Pteloma' 
 »;£theyongKing of j€_g;^r]beingyctundet age,was at the difpohtion of others.- his tutors and m. 
 protedtots.asthty prepared to wage war againft.(f«;ioc/:?«/ for tbe recovery of CalofjriaA'o they 
 promiied the Romans withall to do their devoir in the Mscedoman war. Majf^mjfa ^Kmgo^ 
 tbeNumidians] was altogether for tbe Romans , hefutniflied theui with coin, and intended to 
 fend his fon Mtfagenes with aids both of men and elephants in that fervicc- Howbeit he fo dif- 
 po(ed ot his designs, as might ferve bis torn which way focver the world wcnt.-for if the vidory 
 fell totheRoirians, he ordered that hisatfaiisfliouid lemain [fill in the fame fiate ; and better he 
 was not to look for, becaufe thf; Romans would not iufttfr any violence to be offered unto the 
 Carthaginians ; but incafetheRoaiaos went down and had theoverthrow(wbothenproteded 
 the Carthaginians^ then he m^de full reckoning of ^774(0 be bis own. Gentius [^King of ///yr** 
 cHm~\ hadlo demeaned bimfclf,tLst he was lufpeftcd of the R.oirla.^s ; yet was bcnct fully refol- N 
 vcd which fide to take unto .-andit leemed he wouldjovntooneor tQeotber,moreuponafita$ 
 ittcok hiuj inthebead, than with arjydiicretion or advice, rey/the Thracun, KingoftheO- 
 dryfians, took part evidently withtheM cedonians. Intfacleterms(I {ay)lloodthcKK.as touch- 
 ing this prefent war. As fortbe free Cities and States befideSjthecomii'on people every where 
 (as al waies lightly it is leenjenclined to the worfe part, and ran with the K.& tbe Macedonians: 
 but the principal perlbns and men of quality, a manniigbt perLcive affefled divetfly. Some 
 went witbtheRomansallupon thehcad, inlorauch as ttiey greatly empaired their authority in 
 exceisive favour to them : few of them were induced by the juft and upright government of the 
 Romans, but the molt part were carried away with tbe Rtong conceit, that the more they em- 
 ploiedtbemfelves for them,the greater men they (houldbeat hoire in their own Cities. Another O 
 forttheic were of the Kings flattering favotits, who being deeply dret)cbed in debt, inddefpsic 
 of bettering their fortune (it theprefentffatebeld flill) abandoned and gave tbemfclvesoverto 
 entertain all changes and innovations. And fome there were befides, pofselsed with a vain humQt 
 of their own, becaule P<rr/<rKrfecmed,to have more favour of the common people. A third fort 
 there were (and thofe of tbe bcff and wifel^ of all other) who if it bad iy en in their bands tode- 
 
 termina
 
 ThemoandformhBoo^dft.hWi^s. 507 
 
 A they would hsve to, be grciterlord, wiflied to have been under tbe Romans rather theruheK ~^ 
 
 Msry if they might hsve had their liberty to be chulcrs fimply cf their fortune, by their good wil 
 they would not have had the one part advanced by the deprefiion and (ubvcrdon cf the other - 
 but that the forces and puiffance of them both remaining entire and unfoiled. peace t herby rtieht 
 be entertained : and b between them botb.tht ftate of the Cities fbould continue in tlr^ bell cafe 
 i When as the one part might ever protea the weaker lidc;ftom the in;uriesof the mightier. And 
 thole thatltood affefted thuj,bdd them quiet & faid not a word;but beinqfafctbemfeivcs beheld 
 the behaviour and deportments of thole that were the partakers and /avourers of either fide. 
 The Conluls that day wherein they entred their govcroment, when they (acrificed^jccordine 
 , to the ordinance of the Senat; with greater beafts in all the temples and chappels, wherein (for 
 B moft pan of the yccr;the lacred beds and couches for the gods were prepared ; and thereby had 
 preliged bygood tokens, that their praiers were acceptable to the immcrtall gods, made re- 
 port unto the Senatjhat their lacrifices were as they ought to be.jas alio their praiers, which Ihejr 
 conceived as touching tbe war. The Bowell-priers like wife by their learning declared, thst it 
 they went about any new enterprife, they Qiould make fpeed ; for why ? alldid prognoft'icate vi- 
 aory. triumph, and enlargement of their feignory. Whereupon tbe LL.of the Senat commanded 
 the Conluls to propofe to the people the firlt day of the general affembly of the Centuries m this 
 miner .- /» the mme of God,attd to the welfare and happwefe of the Cemmcn^ealth.-iDhereas Pejfe- 
 Qithefsn £>/■ Philip K. e/Maccdony/^if ;«'»/? the accord and covenant coticlnded with his father firfil 
 aiidafter his deathreniwedvithhimj hatbliviedtvar tfponthiASiet of the people e/Rome ivajied 
 their territorie!,feiz.ed their Cities, cotnplottedio e^tir into arms againji the people o/Rome at^d te 
 C that end hath provided ^armor, famld'ers and a fleet : tinlejfe he make fatisfaUion, plelfethit 
 jou that war be er.tirprifed and waged againn him. This bill paJed by all the fulf ra^es of the peo- 
 ple. Then was there an aft of the Senat likewife entered, that tbe Con, uls Hi ouU cither agree 
 togethcr.or elfe caft lots for tbe provinces of Ital^ and Macedonj : and look wbofc 1 Jt fell to Ala-^ 
 cedoHj/f h; fhould perfccnte with rtre tnd fword K.Perfeus,iT)d all that fed and faflion which took 
 bis pjrt, unleflcibeymadc amends tothe people of J?rf»»f. It was concluded alio, that four lef'i- 
 ons Qiould be newly enrolled, for either Conlul twain : with this preiieminence'and advantage 
 to the province of AJaced6nf,thit whereas to the legions of the other ^onru!(according to tte an- 
 cient cullome) there went but five thouiand foot and two hundred horfe speece, there 
 Ibould be enrolled for KW<f^'i>y fix thoufand foot and three hundred hor/e eqaiUy'to a le-i 
 D gion. Alio for the one ofthc Conluls in the army of the allics,tbe number v/ks augmented ib as 
 befid«$ tboJe (ix hundred horimcn which C». Swixias bad condufted already, he Ihould of' thole 
 allies tranlport over into Macedonj, fixteen thouland footmen and eight hundred horle. As foe 
 Italjt twelve thoufand footmen of allies and fx hundred horle were thought lufhcient.Morcover 
 Shis prerogative bad the Province o\yi(icedonj^\.\\\i for Centurions and (oulditrEihe Cuniu! niiaht 
 enroll of the elder Ibrt whom be thought good as many as were not above fifty yeeis ofase. In 
 choofing of Tribunes military and colonels.the old maner was this ycer changed, in regard o'f the 
 Macedonian war 5 to wit, that the Conl"uls(by advice and authority of the Senjt^ (bould move 
 onto tbe people, that tbe faid Tribunes might rot that year be elected by voices of 
 tbe people,but that their elcftions fhould be referred to the judgment and diicretion of the 
 J? Confuls and Pretors. The charge of command was thus divided among the PrcJors as followeth 
 TbatPfeior whofe lot fell to go whither it pleakd the Stmt to lend, was afsigncd to take his 
 journey to tbe fleet at Brmndu^nm,inA there to (urvey and revile the lea -lervito, s.and look how 
 aiiny he thought not meet forfcr»icc,thcm todilchar}?e:&tomakeupihc number withchofen 
 Libertines; and inany wife toorderitfo, that two third parts ccnfiued of Romio natural! citi- 
 iens, and the other third of all:e<. Item, That proviiionofviftuals for the navy and the army 
 fhould be brought out ofSicilj and Sardinia. And the Pretors of thofe two provinces had in' 
 charge to exsft a double tenth oftbe Sicilians and Sardinians, and this grain to be conveighed in- 
 to Macedonj foi the army. Now SiCt/^ fell to C. Canin tss Reduhu, Sardinia lo L. Fiirius Phtlur ' 
 ■ and Spain to L. Cantiletus, C. Snlpicim Gaiha was L, chief liiliicc Jor tbe citizens of Rome and L 
 ^ JuniH$ AkvaIis for theflrangers.\but C. Lucretius GaUtishls lot was to go where the Senat wouli 
 employ him. Bctwccnthetwo Confuls there was fome Jir and wrangling,ratherthen any great 
 debate about their province. C<3/jr<»j for his part laid. That he wasby the right to wa: in Aface^ 
 <ii9»; without any c (ling of lots for the matter, for^lmuch as bis colleague might not enter into 
 lot with him, and lave his oath. For he being Pretor, bad I worn folcmniy in airequcnt afTembly 
 oftbe people ^Oecaufe he would fliitt cfF and not go into his province) that he had occafion to 
 celebrate facrirtces in 1 certain place and upon fet daies, wbichcouldnot be pei formed (as they 
 oughf)vf bo were at lea. Andtbelamef'asI tike itjcannot be well done during his ablence now 
 that he is Confnl no more then whiles he was Pretor. Howbeit, it tbe Sen it be of opinion and 
 *-' fudg, that mcreconfidetation istobc hadtolatisfie C^i«/I.fr(/,'/«i his willnow intheConful- 
 lhip, then -regard oftbe oath be. took before in the Pretotihip, yet willl nocwithibndinoac 
 commodatmy Iclfiothe pleafureof tbe Scnit. The LL. were conlulted with bereaabout.who 
 judging thatitwerca proud part to deny him thegovetnmcntofa province, unio whom the 
 people of Rome had granted the dignity of a Confullhip,commanded the Conluls to calk lots.Thuo 
 Maeedo.tj fell to P . Licikihs, and Itafj to CCafsiKi. Then th ey pwt to lott ery sllo the condud: ,
 
 go8 The two and fortieth Boo\ of T. Livius. 
 
 and emploiment of the legionj : whereby the firft snd third were to be tranJported into H 
 
 Macedosj, the fecond and fourth to rcmsia in //(«//. Inthe mu ftering and choifc ot foul- 
 
 diers, the Conful went more neetly and fircightly to work by far, then cudoir.ably ibey 
 
 ufedat other times. As ior Licimui, he enrolled the elder fort alfo, aswclUor foulditrs 
 
 as centurions ; and m ny there were who voluntarily emred their nsmts, becaufe they 
 
 favv how thofetbrivcd well and grew rich, who had fctved either in ihc toraier Maccdonim 
 
 war, ig3\v.{\ ^ntiochm in JJia. Now when as the niaifhal«ColoneIscal!cdfoiihibccentnrior>s 
 
 by name ore after another,ind the principall firft, there bapned to be three a nd twenty centuri- 
 
 *TheC«ntuil-ortsottbem, whobebretime had been* Pnmifalares^ bad led in the chief and belt place , and 
 
 cnsinthciere. whenthev werecited, they called unto the Trib. of the Com. brtobc relieved by their lawfull 
 
 ward over the gflTiUance.But two of that fellowfliip and fociety of rnbi.ines» namely,^. Fnlvms Nchilii,r,in6i t 
 
 Sfcd »rro p/- ■*^« Fnlvins Marcellus, referred them to the Confuls, alledging , that by right, the knowledg of 
 
 /i'li.For fo b:- thei'c inaifcrs pertaining to thofe wbo had plenary commi(si:)n to take miilicrs, and :o m.^nage 
 
 fides many o- the war-iflifrs. But ail the reftofthe Tribunes avovveJ that they would affumeit into tneirown 
 
 the, witncikih hmds, acrd dcrermine of that for which they were called uoto as competent judges ; yea, and it 
 
 Oyji- 3P af^ inhirie were offered to their fellow-citizens^ they would not fail but help and fuccour tbtm. All 
 
 in tliclc vertex, •'. ^ ., -n • l ,/ o i /-■<•! n j 1. 
 
 inde /7<i>f!cM-tbi5W3S deosted in the Tribnces-court. Thither was .^/. VopitiHs, aConfular man, called to the 
 tiimdcmfe- hearingofthis matter, and thither repaired the centurions and the Conful al(o. And wbenthc 
 crev't in "-^c Conlul required that the cafe fhould be heard and decided in a genersli affemtly, thereupon the 
 Kow//;(s, Ha- p^opj^, was 'ummoned to meet in publick togciher.In which iolemo congregation.'!/. f <?;?///«/ who 
 q'lT/e'ccm": tt *'ad beenConlu! twoyeirs before fpake in behilf^of the centurions to this effed. '■ Thtfe martiall K 
 lot'idm I'linais " men Cquotb he J have accomphllicd their full time of (ervice required by law ; they carry about 
 i'ltidfm I'lUnin*'- them bodies as well fpent and crafie for age:,as broken by corjtinuall travels .• hovvbeit rtfufe they 
 habtbit f''7;'"''''« vvill nothing, but are ready to do their devoir unto the Commonweal. Th.sonly theyhombly 
 r^e'tba'TqiJ'"''^^^^^'^"^ reqijefl, that they may not be alTigncd to bafer places of command.t hen wherein they 
 And ihit It* "have been emploied already when they bare arms. Then P. Liciiius tht Conful commanded, 
 wi?ihe chief- tbead ofthe Scnat lobeoptnly read; wherein it was ordeined fiid to levy war upon Perfcuf ^ 
 eft 1 lice of then to enroll as many as they could ofth? old experienced Centurions for that warjandlaflofa.l 
 ipii"k"=on^ exempt none from louldicfy but Inch only aswereabove fifty years of age. " After this he ear - 
 appreiixih by" ncllly belought them in this new warfonecrio/M/^.andsgainR a Prince fo puifiant.neither to 
 VgHJinwi in •' hinder the Colonels in levying fouldiers,nor forbid theConlul but that he might appoint to each L 
 iiisc„i:ionfol-<« man what place and degree was thought toff and molt forthegoodoftheCommonwcal.Andin 
 iowiogi n ^.jfg there arofe any doubt and d;fticuby in this bufine's^to fubmit th: decilion thereof to theSe- 
 
 '• nat. After that the Conlul had delivered his mind, Sp. LignflmH} one of tbemi who had appea- 
 led to the Tiibunes ofthe Commons, requcfted both the Conful and the Tribunes to give him 
 leave for to fpeak a fc w words unto the people : who hivrng liberty granted with all their good 
 wiIs,madealpeechuntothemin this wile. ''My matltts, you Ostites, \ SpHnus LigufiinMso^ 
 The oratiVn cfthstiibe (^'rup umtr.a, am defcendcd from the babins. My father left me an Ecreof landandalit- 
 ^Z- ■'•.£"/'■''"'• ^^ tie cottage to itj wherein 1 was born, bred and brought ap, and whereupon at this day I dwell, 
 •' So foon 3s 1 was come to mans cftate, my father gave nic to wife my couhn german, his neece 
 •' by the brother, v/ho brought nothing with her former mairiage-good, but freedom of birtb,ho- jj 
 ^'nelly of life, and therewithfiuitfulneirc of womb, asmuch(l may faytoyou) as a rich man of 
 '♦(omewcilty houle may well maintain. SixlonsGod hath fent bet weenus, and two daughters 
 •'tothcm,botb maidens mirriageable. Four of our funs arc men grown, and haveputoii theic 
 * '' mans robe ; two are boies llill in their Pretext a, under I'cvcnrecn years old. I my felt was prcft 
 
 " to the wars , the year when P. Stt/pftiHs and C. AhycIihs were Conluls. in that army whicti 
 '" paflcd over fca into Maccdo^jt 1 (ctved in quality of a comii.on foddier for the fpace of two 
 "years againft King P/?////;. Intbe thirdycar T>QaiHtins Flarr.t>:ir,pts,\v\ regard of my forward* 
 " iicfiealsignedmc the tenth placeof leading among the Hallati in the vanguard. After that Pi6»- 
 " lij) and theMaccdonians were vanquifhed.and we brou;.;ht over again into Italy and dilcbargcd, 
 " I went immcdiatly asa vclortary fervitor infoS/>.*i>« wuh M.\'orcinsihtQov\{[i\. And there N 
 •» is not a commander alive at this day, whi> law farther into a ibuidier, and could judg better of 
 *' vertueand valour then he.-asthey know lull well,"vho by Ic^ng warfare have had experience both 
 •'ofhim and silo of other leaders. He being my captain reputed me worthy to have the fitft place 
 •'and Icadingoi the (oiniod ccniuiy ofthe Hsftsii. A thi.d time Ibecane a voluntaiy againin 
 "thetxptditionagsinll the jlitoliansand K. AMiochus ; and J/.Crf//«i advanced me totheCap- 
 ' taiiJlupot the Print !pc5, in the very fit It place of the forrt oil cent uiie. WhcnKirg Aw.'»«c<&«j 
 was cha fed and the ittolians ftbdued, we wtte brought back again into halj^ and two yeais 
 "IOC ether J was in pay ofthe legions that received y^tr'y wspesand allowance. Twice after 
 *' this, 1 oare aims ai d lerved in SpaiUy onceiinde: Q.. Fulviui Fkccas, a fecond timeurder Ttb. 
 *' ^ewprntusGianhus the Prt.tor.Byf/«cr»/ 1 was brcu^bi heme among othtrs,wfcom for their O 
 '^valcur and ptcvveflc he thought good to have in train lot tie bcrcurcfhis triumph : and at the 
 'requtft and trtie. ty of 1 ih.bmcchKsl accompanied him into the Provircc.Wheiewii bin few 
 'years (pace I had the leading cf the fii ft company of the PiUnier Tiiarii inthcrereguard. Four 
 " and thiity tints have 1 been rewarded with ptcftnts at my General bands, in tckerof vcttue 
 " ard piowtfj.'-ixcivitkioionets have I icceivtd .- iwoard ibiity )tat.^ lull have 1 folic wed tbe 
 "wais & B 01 eilatt. fifty J fat soldi im.Ntwil i.titherl tad Ittvtd cctalhtc yeatstt quired by 
 
 law, 
 
 
 "1 
 
 •I \
 
 The mo ^nd fortieth Boo\^ oft, Liviiis, '' ~f^ 
 
 A " Itw, nor might plead exemption and immunity by mine age, yet leeing I am able to iLe w fouc 
 " fouldicrs br one, ray four fons p fay for my »"elf alone] me thinks u were rcafon, O P. LicU 
 "■tins, thatlwere dow treed and difchargcd. And all this I pray you take, asipokentotthtbc- 
 "bootofmy cau(e. Nowastouching my perfon thus much. So long as any man who bath aatho- 
 " tity to enroll fouldicrs, fhsll jucJg me iufficicnt an J able to bear arras, 1 will not go about to ex. 
 " cule and (hift it ofF, And look what place the Colonels and Marlhils rhall liippole me worthy 
 '' oi, it lycth in his good will and plea(ure to ifsigne me imto it : but to perform tbit no one per- 
 •■ foninthe whole arny I'ur mount me in valor, that (hall be my ownindeavor; like js not only 
 '* my captains, but thofe alio who have (erved with me are SiMe to teftihe. That I ever had lb csr- 
 " ried my leU and performed as much. And you likewiiemy fellow ibuldiers, albeit you pradlifc 
 B <^ and keep in urc the priviledg and benefit oi appealing to the Trib ines,yet meet and tetion it is' 
 " fincc in your youtbfull daies ye never did ooght in any place .gjinlt the authority oi the Semt 
 " and the Conluis, ye now alio in your declining age be at thedilpofition of tbc benat and tbe 
 «' Conlals i yea.and to etteem all places worfhipfull, wherein you Ihsll defend and maintain the 
 '< Common weal. When he had thus (aid, the Coniuls highly commended him, ai;d froni before 
 the people brought him into theSenat. And there alfoby the advice and authority of'ih thono* 
 rable houle, thanked he was, and the Marilial-CGlcntls, in rtg.rd oi his vertue, appointed him 
 to be the principsll Centurion of the Pilani in the firft legion. So therell of tbe Centurions re- 
 nouncing their appeal to tbe Tribunes, yeelded obedience in the muftcr and levy abov e(aid. 
 
 To the end that the Magiftrats and great commanders might go more timely into their govern^ 
 mcnts, the Latine fealts i-nd holydaies were publifhed to beholden upon the Calends of y^wir, 
 C Which (clemnity being finilhed, C. Lucrettus ihcVictoriookhxs jouwcy to Bruniiufttm^htv'w.g 
 lent before allnecelfiry furniture and proviiion for the fleet. Belldes,tb6!e armies which tbe 
 Confuls levied, a commifsion was dircded out to C. Sulp'ttiUi gala the P retor, to enroll four 
 legions of Roman citizens, with the ordinary full proportion of intantery and cavalry.and to chule 
 out of the body of the Seaat four Colonels to command them. Alio to levy Lstiti allies i 5000 
 faor,and 1 20j hor(e, and to take order that bis army (liould be ready to go whitherfoever the Se- 
 nit thought good. P. Licinixi ths Co(. at hisown inltantrequeCt (that over and aboveihe armies 
 of citizens and allies, he might have an addition of auxiliariesjobtained of Ligurians acco ,of Can" 
 diot archers an uncertain numbtr,na(iiely,as many as theCandiots upon requelt would (eod.More- 
 jOVcr, certain Numidian .^.oriemen and elephants ; for which purpoieZ,. Pofihummt Albims.Q,. 
 TfrentiuiCn/inomd C.Al^uriHsvjetcicnt in embadageto Ma/aaijfaind theCar.hagin ann^.Setn- 
 ^ blably it was thought good to lend three Emballidors into Crfff, to wir,^./'*/?j&««i/«/ Albmut, 
 C. DecimtKiy and A. Licmias Nervit, , ; 
 
 At tbe very fame time thctcjarived EmbafTadors from King Per fern. But (offered ihty were noe 
 to enter intotbeCity; conlideringthat both theSenat had ordained, and the people aileoted al- 
 ready to make war upon tbcir King and the Macedonians. So,adii ittcd they were into the Temple 
 of BtlloKA before the Senat, where they delivered their meflage in this manner .- That King Pey 
 /f«i marvelled why there were armies tranfported over into yl/<?cff^<7«; .? And if the Senat might 
 be intrcated 10 much, as to recall them home, the King would make latistaftion for rhe wrongs • 
 done unto their allies, infuch fort as the Senat in their dUcretion would appoint. Now there wx& 
 intheScnat-boufe at that tima5p. C4rt///«M, fent back for that very purpole out ot (jr^^'e* from 
 ^ Cm. Siemint. He made report and rcmonftrance, how Perrhceiia was forced by arms,and certain 
 Cities o{Theffaly wo.i : with other exploits that King Pcrjtus had either p:rformed,or elle was in 
 bandtoenterpiiie. To which challenges the Embafladots were commanded to mskeaniwcr.But 
 after they were (cen once to falter in their l'peech,{ayingth<:y h d nufartbercommifsiontbtn that 
 theyhad delivered already ; th?y were willed to rcUteunto tbe Kingineir mslier.th t V.'LicM- 
 M4 thcConful would (hortly be in Macedony with an army, unto whom the King might addrefs 
 his Embafsadors, if he minded to do as he laid and to make amends As (or lending any more to 
 Rom f, there was no need nor caul'c,fota(mucb as they would not luffer any ot them to pals thiough 
 Itaij.Wain they were dilmii'sed with this lliort dirpatch,P,L/ir/>>»«/ thi Conful hid in charge, to 
 F command them to go out oUtalj within 11 daies, and to fend Spn-uti Catvlsus I'or to guard them 
 all tbc way to the ka-fide untill they were ftiippcd. Thelcoccnrients palscd in ^iWir before tbe 
 Coniuls were gone into their pro\ inccs. 
 
 Now by this time C«. bicwitti (who ere that he left his magidricy, was lent Icfcrc as far as 
 to Brnndufium to the fleet and the army] having put over into f/'/r«/ 5CC0 foot and 300 hotlc, 
 was encamped bi^\onN)mfianm in the territory ofthe Apolluni ts.Frcm thence heltnt ctrtain 
 colonels with 2C00 louldiets, to leiz tbsfotts and calUes ofihe Daisaretians and Illyrians,by oc- 
 cihon that they of their own accotd made meancs and lent forgsriiions, to theendthey might be 
 better guarded Sifccuiedfrom the violence and mvalion of thcMscedoniansboidetingopon their 
 
 3 confines. , 1 ^ 
 
 Some few daiesafter, Q^ M.irtihs, A. Attilius,^. and Ser. boih CorW/V and Lentuli, together 
 with L. Decim.Ki, who all had been (ent in emba'sie into Greece, brought them toCor^r* on-^ 
 thouland footu.cn ; where they both parted between themlclvcs their (evcrsl q jartcrs whither 
 they would go, and al(o their ibuldiers. Decimius was lent to Gentius King of th; //Ar/<i."»/,withi 
 commandment,Ifhe(awbimany waics coming on and encliuedto entertain amity with the Ro» 
 mans, tolbund him and give the ifsay, yea, andtodrawhimint'j tbeailsociJtion oftbisw«r«-
 
 jjo J be two and fortieth Book of T- L ivius. 
 
 The two Ltfimli vrere (cnt into Ctphdlmis, from thence to travctle and croffc over into />*/«- ^ 
 ptMHtfus, ind before winter to fetch about and compaffe thecoaft of the Weft- Tea. MartiHs\?A 
 Aulms were afsignedio vifit Efirns, RaoUa and Theffdis. From thence tbcjr were en/oyned to 
 have an eye into Btotia and £«#«<« and lo to fail into Pe/opemefnt where tbey appointed to meet 
 with the Z.»»/«/«. But before that they departed from Cerr;r^,lctters were brought from P<;r/r»w, 
 ..wherio he demanded what reafon theRomans had either to tranlport any forces into Greece,ot to 
 feiz upon the Cities? thought good it w«s to return him no anlwer by writting, but only byword 
 ot mouth thus much to fay tmto the meflenget that brought the leiters,That the Romans did it for 
 the defence and fafeguard of the laid towns. The iLf»f«// as they rode their circnit viliting the 
 Cities and towns of Po/e/)5»«<r/«/, exhorting the States and commonalties thereof indffercntly 
 one as well as anotber.To aid the Rou^ans at this prefent againft Vtr/eur, with leniblablc courage i 
 and like fidelty as they had ftood with them firft in the war sgainli ?ljiiip, snd afterwards in that 
 with yintioc bus ; mi^ht here iti their publickaflemblies much muttering and grumbling thereat. 
 The Achsatis (who from the very beginning of the Macedonian war had been i-ltogethcr for 
 the Romans,and dutingthe war againft P^i/<p,enemits co thcMa':edonijas)took it in dildain that 
 tbey were repated in the fame ranke with the Meffcni ns and Eleans.and no better then they who 
 bad bcin arms igainft the people of Rtmet\ox AKtiochui their enemie;and who but the other day, 
 being enrolled into the commonality and counfcll of the Achactns, complained tb>f tbey were 
 delivered unto the viftorious Acbxans, is the recompence and guerdon of their corquelt. Mi«r- 
 t.ui snd Kttil:us as they went up to Gitana a town ofEpirus, ten miles from tbefes, in a general 
 Councel holden there of al theEpirets, h^d audience wiihgreit contentment of them a). Four hun- v 
 dred of their yong and able lufty men they fent into the Oriflians countrcy to lieingarrilonfor 
 defence of thole Macedonuns who by them were let at liberty. From thence.tbey held on their 
 progrefs into e/£'re//4 3 and after they hd lojornedthetefome few daies (whiles a new Ptetot: 
 was cledtcd in the room ofhim that was dccealcd, and Z.)'C//2:»/ appointed the governor, a man 
 known for certain to favour the Romans^ tbey palsed over into Ti*/"*!//. Thither repaired the 
 Embafsadorsof the Acarnaoians and thebaniftied perfonsof t^f«/«<». The Acarnanians wereen* 
 /oyned to utter snd declare before them what they had committed and done againft the people of 
 Home, biing inveigled and deceived by the promifes of the two Kings ^hihp and hntitckni du- 
 ring the wars againft the one and the other; lince occafion was now prefent ed untotbcm> for 
 to make amends and ialvc all that was amifs. For if upon their ill demerits towards the people i 
 of ^owfjthey had made trisU and tafted of their clcmency,tbey might now by good deferts prove 
 their boundy another while. As for the Bceatians, they were reproved and upbraided for cntring 
 into afsociation with Verfeus : and when they feemed to lay the whole fault upon Jfmeuias a cap- 
 tain of one of the two fadions, and certain Cities and States which being of a different opinion 
 were drawn to the fide ;Say yefo? (quoth /J/<irr»*/ again) and that fhall foon appear/or we all 
 permit every commonalty and City to aniwer apart and levcrslly for thcmlelvcstbe beft they can. 
 Now was the DictoftbeThelsalians holden at Lon/^ : where, as theThelsjlians took good 
 occafion and found ample matter of tbankfgiving the Romans, tor the liberty which by their 
 goodnefs ttiey bad obtained ; lo as the Roman legats had as copious an argument to render them 
 thanks, for that firft inthe war with P^«//f, and afterwards of A«fMf^«/, they had been fo migh- 
 tily aided by tbe Tbtlsalian nation. Thus by this mutuiill rehearlali of plealures and good turns M 
 given and takcn,the hearts of the multitude were enkindled with a fervent zeal to decree and or- 
 dain whatfoever it pleifed tbe Romans to dcfire. After this counccll was diflolved, there came 
 Embalsadors from K. ?ir[eHs xx^to Adartms, upona fpectall affiance of theprivat friend/hip and 
 holpitslity which hsdpalsed between his father KingPW/,p, and tbe laid y^4rt/"«j [[and his fa- 
 ther.^ rt';<:fe Embalsadors bcgantheipeech with a commemoration of tbe (aid familiar and ia- 
 watd acqiiaintance,requefting him to permit the K. for to have accefs unto him, and to commun 
 together- Martins anfwered^ that he alfo had heard bis father Ipeakofihe amity ar?d mutuall 
 holpitality between him and K. ^hiUp x in regard and remembrance of which neer bond of (ami- 
 liaiy be was the more willing to txkeuponhimthe charge oftbatcmbafsageandcommilsion. Al 
 to the parly, he would not have deferred it at all, if he might commodioufly have wrought it •• & N 
 now for this prefent he promiled Cl'o fopn as he polsibly could) to (end bis courriers before to 
 advertifc tbe King, that they might come to the river Vcitui, whereas tbe pafsagelietb from O^ 
 woliunt over to D,«w. And venly at that time, ?erfetts was retired from X)/»w into the inland 
 quartcisof bis realm, and had gathered fomeprety gale of hope, in that UarttushiA given out, 
 how for love of him he had undertaken this embafsic. After fonie few dales tbey repaired to the 
 place Eppointed.This King accompanied with a great train js well of his Iriends, ay his courtiers 
 and pcnfioners which guarded bis pcrfon. Tbe legatslikewife were attended upon withnoleffe 
 t troop, by reafon as well of many that followed them from Lartffa^ as alfo ofdiversemba (sages 
 from the States which alsembled at LartJfa,aT)d weredefirous 10 carry fcoroe with them certain 
 news of the icqael, which tbey fliould hear. Every man had an inward dcfire fetlcd in his heart O 
 to lee the mancr of the meeting of this noble K. & thcfc high commiisiccers from the foveraign 
 ftate and mightielf people of the whole world. Being come to the cntervicwoneof anothtr,tbey 
 (loodlliU on either tide of the river, which only parted them alunder. For a wbiletbere pafscd 
 cntcrcouf ners bet wccn.whiles they made it llr^nge on both parts,who fliould pais the river firft, 
 for the Macedonians Hood lomcwhat upon the loiall majcfty of a King 5 & the Remans were as ; 
 
 ^ rtffpeaivc
 
 The trx>o and fortieth Boo^ofTAJivms, qh 
 
 A refpc6tive to ihercputationofthe people of Rome-) conhdcring wichall, that Pcrfats fought the 
 means & made firft motion for this parley.VVhereupon,to end this controverr.e MuLnius^^cAxoMX. 
 a merry word. What needs all this (qd.he ) let the younger tome to the elder without more ado, 
 and the fon to the fathcr.-tnis he i'pakc,for that himfelf ailo was fumamed ?//7;;).The K.foon con- 
 defccnded thereunto. But then aroie another doubt and difterenie, namely, with what number 
 hcfliouldpafsover. TheK. thoughtit meet & convenient to come with his whole train: but the 
 legats would have had him either to biing over with him thrteperlbns, and no more ; orelfe if 
 he were minded topafs with fo great a company, to put in hollagesiorafiVrancc, that durino the 
 time of the parley no outrage lliould becommitted. So Ferjens lent as pledges,// p^/V./ Sc/"*;;- 
 ta;ichHs jihc principal and molf efpecial friends hat were about him, whom ailo he had employed 
 Bin theemball'age. Now were thefeholfages required not lo much for a gaf'e&pawnof fecurity, 
 as that it might appear unto the allies there preifnt,that the K.in meeting and tommunin" with 
 the Roman Commillloners, lliould not keep Ifate comparable with him. but abate fomewhat of 
 of the port and majefty which they carried, Iheirmutual greeting; and faluration was nothin'^ 
 firange,as between enemies ; but kind and amiable, as among familiar friends-. Which done,they 
 fat them down upon their chairs fct ready for them. Aherthey had thusi tten a while in lilcnce 
 and faidnothing,.'i/jrn«j began in this manner:'' You expecl:( 1 fuppofeqd.hej that we fiiould TheO-mion 
 '' anfwcr to yourletters which you feni to Corcyr^i.\yhtTt\n you demand. Why we are come in oiMaamPhi. 
 "embaflie and commiflion after this manner with armed ibuldiers, and plant garrifons as we do '?/''" '° ""'■f! 
 " in every City ? To which queftion of yours not to anfwcr at all, 1 fear me you would take it to ^'^'"*'' 
 '■ be pride in me ; andagain toanfwera truth,I doubt it v\illbe too bar Hi and unpleafanttoyour 
 "ears. But feeing that he who breaketh a covenant muft bechallifedcither by word orfword, 
 *' ( like as I had rather that any other but my felf fliould havecomrnilliontom^ike war upon 
 '' you ;)fo I will be fo bold(however it fall out)to fpeak rough and tart unto you as to my friend; 
 '' and herein will I follow the manner of Phyfu-ians, who for the health of their p.uijins, other- 
 " whiles minifter bitter medicins and apply Hinking corrofives. Since time that you tint attained 
 "unto the crown, the Senat thinketh you have done but one only thing otalhhat youou>.iht to 
 '' have done, namely, that you fent your embaHadors to Rome tor to renew the league ; and yet 
 ''they judge you had done better in not renewing it, thanafterit was renewed, to violate the 
 " lame. Chafed you have out oi the Realm * Abrufolu-,i contederat and friend of ibepeopie of * T^t K'ig'f 
 
 D >■< Rome.lhz murderers of Anetarm you have received ana entertained, yea,snd given the world '''^ Syeam.^ 
 " thereby to underlfand,ihat you were well pleafed(to fiy no worfe) with his d^Uth : and killed '^*'^'-*''' '^'•"' 
 " they have a Prince molt faH and faithfull to the Romans, of ail others in Illyncttm. Thorough /5£«.cr/A4*i?js- 
 '' Tlifjf/"^/)- and the territory of /W,///^, you havemarched with an army againR the tenor of the '^''^''■'•, 
 " league,as far as toDilpht : and more than that,contrary unto the faid accord, feiit you have aid ^'■"'^''^!''' '" 
 "andfuccourto the Byzantins.With our allies the Baocians,youhaveentred intoafecret aiVo- 
 "ciation and bound the fame with an oath,which by right you ought not tohavd done. Who it 
 '' was that murdered the Thebanembafladors Evcrfa ind Cull/cntiti who came direillyfrom.us, 
 " 1 had rather enquire than charge any man and declare.The civiil wars in tA.c La the mafl'acies 
 ''of their Princes &State5,unto vrhom may they be imputed in any likelihood^but toyourpeo- 
 
 E"pler Asfor theDolopians walled they were by yourfelf in perfonandby no other. It grievcth 
 '•mcandgoeth to my heart, to fpeak who it is that Kt';.'Wf»<?iChailengeth and burdeneth with 
 "this. That in his return from ^;owc into his own kingdom, he was like to have been killed as a 
 *' bealf for facrihce &: thatat Dclp!?i,\r) a facred and hallowed placc,even before the altars. As for 
 *■ the fecret pradfices which yourhofi oiBmndHfium hath dif.lo'ed and fet abroad I know riohc 
 " well that not only you have received letters thereof trom Ronte.haz your own embalTadors alio 
 " havetold you all by word of mouth. You might have fonn avoidcdail this. and heard nothing 
 " there >f from me,if you would have forborn only to ask & demand, Wheretoreour forces were 
 " tranlported over into Af.icedony,^ why we fent gnrrifons into our contederat Cities? But fince 
 '' you would needs put out !uch a queflion-more piideit had been in us to have held onrpeac^, 
 
 *" " than to utter the plain truth as we have done.Verily, for mine own part in regard of the hofpi- 
 " tall and friendly curtefiesthathavepaflcdbetwcenyoiir father and us,I favour you, and will 
 *' gladly make the beft of your caure:and would to God I had fomc good occalion minlflred from 
 *' your felftofollicit and further your fuit before the Senat. 
 
 To thefe challenges and imputaiions,the K.framcdhisanfwer in this wile: "-Content i .im ro Theanrwirof 
 "pleadmycaufcbetoreyou the parties appellants and judges both, which would betbnnd (I Kii.g Pt^/fw. 
 *' doubt not^ good, if it weredebated and handed inthepre!enceot indifferent and cqu.;llarbi- 
 *'trators. And firft,as touching thoie matters whiJi are objecfed againit me, they ate Inch as in 
 "part I wot not well. whether! may not glory in them oratlealfwile not blofli in the contefling 
 *' and avowing thereof.As for the relt. as they arecharged upon meinbarc words, fo plain words 
 
 G •'■ may ferveflatly and limply to deny them. For fay,that this day I were fubjedunto yourlaws, 
 '• and by them to havemytriallwhatcaneitherthat promoter of ./?r«W«//.'<w, or K.£«».'f/.'f.'in- 
 '■ formi/^-inlfme buiit will appear that they accufe menntfo much with matter ohruth.^asex- 
 *•' hibit only fland.^rous and reproachfuU terms? A like matter,! wis, it is,that neither Eumenei had 
 " had any other enemy but me,(he,T fay,who hath done Inch wrong and injury to fo many both 
 •' in common and aifo' in particular: ) nor I could find a fitter perfon toferve my turn in the exe- 
 '= cucion of my projects but this RAmmim^i. fellow that I never had feenbctorejnor wasevcr hke 
 
 I i i i lo
 
 Qiz The wo and fortieth Bi)o\ (j/T.Livius. 
 
 C( 
 
 '^ to fee again hereafter.! m«fl(forfooth)give account fortbeThebans, who as it is well known, H 
 '• perifVied by fliipvvrr.ck : as alio for the murder oi Artetarm 5 and yet therein I am no deeper 
 " charged than thu?, that the murderers ot him lived in exile & were fhaclowed within my realm. 
 "Now furely this hard concluhon and unreafonabie condition I will not refni'c to underg05iD cafe 
 <'you alio will be content to take upon you and avow all thole crimes and fafts^for which they 
 " ftand condemred, who as baniflied perfons have fied either to Rome or into Itai) ' but incale 
 <-^ both ycuard ail other nations wiildil'avow that,! alfo will be one among the rert,And;n good 
 '• faith, to fpeak uprightly, to what end fnould any man bebanifhed from one country, if he may 
 " not find a plate in another, and be permitted there to live in exile ? And yet (fo foon as ever I 
 "found by advertifement from you that they were within A^acedo»))liot my part made diligent 
 "fearchuntilll hadthem,and then I com.manded them todepartoutof my kingdom,yea.andex-I 
 *■■ preficly forbad them for ever fetting foot again within my dominions. And thus much verily 
 "concerning the criminal matters objecledunromeas a defendant pleading at the bar. Now lee 
 "us argue and debate the relt, inforced and laid againft me in quality of a King, nsmely which 
 " concern and touch the accord contradled between me and you.For ifthe words run in this fore 
 '• and are thu? written in the forefaid covenants of accord,That I may not be fuffered to defend 
 "myfelf and my realm, no, notif any enemy of mine levy war againll me; then I muft confefs 
 "indeed, that the league I have broken, in that Ifiooduponmy guard and defence by force of 
 '- arms againfl yibru-polis-.2r\ afl'ocial of the people of /?ow<". But if it were lawful! for me lb to do 
 '' by warrant of the accord ,snd allowed alfo by the law of nations, by force to repell force; what 
 
 fhould I lefs nay, what could I elfe have done I pray you P When Ahrufolis had laid walte the g 
 <« frontiers of my kingdom even as far as x.o Amphifolki led into captivity many per/ons free- 
 "born.carriedavvaya mighty number of flaves, and driven before him many thoufand head of 
 <' cattell; fhould I have littenftilland fiiffered himuntillhe had come armed to /'f//^,e\enunto 
 '•my royall palace ? But fomemjnmayhapiylay,Youdid well indeed and jufllyjin making head 
 *' and piufuirg him by force of arms,mary,vanquinied he fhould not have been,neither ought he 
 '' to have I'uffered thole calamities which follow men vanquifhed.WhyPif I have endured the for- 
 " tune therof.provoked as I was to w3r,how can he jullly complain of lafling the like, being him- 
 " felfthecaufe and firlf motive of all? I will not ufe the fame manner of defence (o Romans^ to 
 " thisjthat by force of arms 1 have reprefled the Dolopians: for if I have not done by them accor- 
 "■ ding to their demerits,yet I am fure I have dealt bj the vertue of the right I have over them be- L 
 '' ing as they are of mine own kingdom .under my obeyfance and made fubjefts to my father even 
 " by a decree of your own drawing. And yetjWere I to render a reafon of my proceedings againtl 
 ^'them, I fay, ootuntoyounor unto my allies, but eventothofe who like not ol any cruel com- 
 "mandfomuc-h asoverbondllives; can 1 be thought to haveexercifed morerigor againrt them, 
 "than equity and reafon would bearPFotjEKp^T-^wo^-jWhom 1 deputed governor over them. they 
 " killed in fuch fort. that death is too good tor them>and the ieali punifliment of all others thac 
 '^' they h.ivedelerved.AndasI marched forward inmyprogrelV from thence to vil)ttheCitie.s of 
 '« tariff!, A^trof! & P^/Zfoij-I akendedup toDf/p/j/.thereforto facrifice,to the end that Imight 
 ''dif.hargemy conftience &pay thofe vows which I hadof long time owed.Now to aggravate 
 " matter m this alfo rgainll me jt is faid moreover.that I was there with my army,and intended M 
 " (no doi'bt)for to fei7 Cities into my hands, and put garrilbnsintofortreffes; for which at this 
 *' prefent 1 complain of you. Call the States and Cities of Greece together to a generall afiembly, 
 *' through which I pa fled. Let any one man come forth & make complaint of the leaft harm done 
 '« by any of my fouidiers ; then will I not reful'e to be reputed for one who under pretence of di- 
 " vine facrihce, went about another thing. We fent indeed garrifons to the ^■Etolians and Bizan- 
 " tin3,yea ar,d with the Boeotians v\e contrafled amity. But thefe things. in what fort.& tor what 
 " purpofe they were done, my emb;ff.idors have not only dedared, butalfo excufed oftentimes 
 " before yourSen.1t: where I found fome Umpires to hear and decide my caufe, although not fo 
 " indiiferert and favourable tome- ward,as your felf are O ^<ji'//;«;myfsthersold friend andfa- 
 '' miiiar.Foras yciEitm. msmy accufct wasnotcometo /^o?we,whobyfallefng;ePi' r.^wrening j*j 
 " at bis pierfiire every thing to the worlf-to make all fiifpicious and odious unto you,wcnt .nbout 
 " to make you beleeve that Greece could not polTibly be rellored to treedom, & enjoy the fruit of 
 " yourgraiious ~enef;t,fo long as the kingdom oi Maccdony Hood entire and upright. Well, the 
 *' world ycufhall fee, will turn about ; and anon one or other will behere tomtikeremouflrance 
 ''and prove, That to no purpofe ^«f/oi7;«/ is removed and confined beyond the mountains of 
 <' TM'.rm \ that Ermojcs is become much more grievou."; and unfupportable to all Afi^.ihm An- 
 '* //(7c/wj ever was -and ih.t your allies csrnot be at red norlive in quiet, fo long sshe keepeth 
 '• his royal court in Pergamui.z CIttadel(as it werc/overlooking and commanding all theneigh- 
 " hour Cities bordering thereupon. Right well I know, O .^./1/.!?-//>j,and you^.y^/r/7.-«j-,that 
 " whatfoever either ycu have objcfled againft me, or i anfwered for my defence & purgation, is Q 
 "fUvh as the ears and affedions are of the hearers; neither what Ihavedone.nor what mind and 
 '^ intention I have carried in mine adf ions will be fo much regarded, as how you take every thing 
 "euher done orintended. Mine own conlcience heareth me wiinels.ihat v\illingly I have not 
 *' f,ui!tcd ; now if for want of knowledge and forefight I have been overfeen and done fomewhat 
 " amiis it may be corrected and amended by thi? prefent chaflifement.This lam lure, my trefpafs 
 " is not incurable^ neither have I committed ought that you fhould deem worthy to bepurlued 
 
 "by
 
 The tn^o and fortieth Boo^ of T.Liviu^, bi^ 
 
 A ** by war & force of arms. And if ye do,then furely it is for nought, that there goeth this name a- 
 '* broad ihoughour all nations of your clemency and gravity botb,if Ifay torlb flight occafions 
 " which hardly are worth the complaint and the reafoninc; about.you be ready to enter into arms 
 " and levy war upon yourconlederat Princes. Martins tor that time accorded to his i'pee^h, and 
 movedhimtoaddrefsembaffadors to /J^wfjbeing of advice and opinion himfelf to try all means 
 lo the very lartpoint,and to let flip nothing whereof fome hope of good might arife. It remained 
 only to be debated in councill,hovv embafladors mightpal's infatety. Andto this purpofe, when 
 it was neceflary for the K.to requeHa lurceale ofarms,albeit M.ruus himfell was willing and de- 
 Jirous thereof(for that hisdrift was to nothing elfe by all this conference and parley;yct he Iccmed 
 to make a hard matter and difficulty of it, ancT todo a fpeciall favour and pkafure iirto PerjiMin 
 
 B granting his petition.The truth was,the Romans yet were not ready nor throughly appoinfed at 
 thisprefent forthe war ; they had neither army puilTant enough .nor captains inffii.ient: where- 
 as Perfifis ( but that he was blinded in all his councils wiih a vain hope of peace) had all things 
 prepared and in readinefs, and might then have begun to wage war, as in the belt and moli op- 
 portune feafon for himfelf, fo the word and unfittelf of all other times for his enemies. 
 
 After this parley and the abflinence of war afl'ured faithfully on both party? the Roman Com- 
 miffioners were appointed and refolved to go into Baotia, where there was begun already fome 
 trouble and commotion, by reafon that certain States of the Boeotians were departed from the 
 fociety of the common Councill, everfinceit was reported batk, how the Roman Legats made 
 anfwer that it fliould appear and be feen, what Cities they were indeed which took no pleafure 
 
 C to have any aflbciation with the King.And firft,the embafladors from CheroKea; afterwardsjfrom 
 T/jf^f^encountred themuponthe way, who aflured them that they were not prcfent in that Di- 
 et and Count ill, where this aflbciation was concluded. To thefeembafl'agesno anfwer for this 
 timewas made,but willed they were only to give theirattendance and follow them to C/Wr^r, 
 Ac T/7f/'« great variance there was, vvhi^h arofe by occalion of another flrifc and debate. In 
 their lolemnaflembly for the eleflionof the Prxtorolthe Bo^ctiins that part which had the re- 
 pulfe,inrevengeofthatinjnry anddifgrace,af!embled themultiude andmadea decree at 1 leles. 
 That the Bcrotarches fhould not be received withm their Cities: inliicbjorf, as like banifhed 
 men they retired to Thefpium : from whence^for received there they were incontinently without 
 any flay ) being called again to T/'c/w upon better jdvifemcnt and change of mind, thcymade 
 
 D an ordinance, That it to the number of twelve privat perlons held any conventicle or publike 
 meeting together, they fliould be condemned to exile. After iWiSiIfmcKiiu the new Pritor,a no- 
 ble perfonage and of great puiflance, by vertue of a decree adjudged them intheirabfencefor to 
 lofe their lives. ToC6<?/r« they were fled, and from thence to the Romans zt L.injfa they went: 
 where they declared that Ifmenias was the caufe of their alfo iation with King Pcrfeus.U^on that 
 forefaid difference, they grew to hot contention, yet embafladors from both parts came to the 
 Romans, as well the baniflied perfons and acciifers o{' ifnioniu, as alfo /Jmonas himfelf. But fo 
 foon as the Roman Legats were come to Chi lets ^r\\e. States and heads of other Cities (who eve- 
 ry one by a fpeciall decree of their own had renounced aflociation with King Pcrfcuj J joyned 
 with the Romans ; whereat they took exceeding: great contentment and joy. IfmentM thought 
 
 £ itmeet and reafon that the Boeotian nation fliould be committed to the protedf ion of the Ro- 
 mans. Whereupon arofe a tumultuous fray^fc but that befled irtothe Tribunali of the Legats to 
 fave himfelf, he had efcaped narrowly from being killed by the laid exiled perfons, with the help 
 of their fupports and favorits. 
 
 Alfo the City oiThel;cSi\v\\\c\\ is the capital] place of State within Bccotia^ was in great trouble 
 and uproar ; whiles fome drew to the K.othcr^- enclined to the Romans.Belides, there was a mul- 
 titude of Coronians andHaliartians gathered together to maintain.the ordinance and decree as 
 touching the aflbciation with the K. But fuch was therefoluteperfiflance of theprincipall and 
 chief men, who fliewed by the late calamities of Philip and Antwchus^ how great the forces, and 
 how happy the fortune was of the Roman empire, that the fame multitude re'ented, and being 
 
 F overruled,pafledanewdecree, toreverfe andcancelltheformcrconfedcracy with the King;fenc 
 thofc that were the motives and periwaders of contraffing that amity to Ch.Lii for to latisfie 
 and content the Roman Legats; yea & to conclude were ofaduceto recommend the City to the 
 faithful! patronage of the fa id Commiflioncrs. MurtimU AttiLusiooV great pleafure to he.ir the 
 Thebansfing this note theyperfwaded with them fevcrally apart, and ga\e them counfell to fend 
 cmbaffadors to Rome for the renewing of this amity : but betore .ill things they took order for the 
 reftoring of the baniflied perfons: as for the authors of the confederacy contrjffcd with the K. 
 they by their own decree condemned. Having thus by this m.eans infringed andmadefruflrat the 
 Diet of the Bccotians ( the thing which above all they moft defired ) they took their journey to 
 Pe/opoMncfiis, together with 5fr.Cor«f//>; whom they had fent forto C/jo/c/>. Fortheirfakesa 
 
 QCouncillvvasholdenat y/r^o/,where they demanded nothing elle of the Achxjn nation but on- 
 ly to furnifhthem with looo fouldiers. This garrifon wasfent to the defence of C/w/m, untill 
 the Roman army weretranfported into Crffcir. A-furritis iiX)d AttJms having thus difpatchedall 
 
 - theaffairs thatthey had todo inG^fCfiinthebeginningol winterreturned to Rome, 
 
 Then was there fent from thence aboutthe fame time an honourableembalTie to the Ifles in 
 ylfia, Thefe Embafl"adors or Legats were three in number, to vj'n,T.C/atui:iss,P.Pf'fihiiMi(ts,3ad 
 M.JuniHS.They intheir circuit and vifuation exhorted all their allies to take arms againlf Pcrfeus, 
 
 liii ^- foil
 
 QI4 The two and fortieth Bco^ o/T.Livius. 
 
 for the Rotnaos.And the mightier and more w eakhy any City was,the more earnelily travelled H 
 they there; becauie the interior States were like to. frame and iortihemrelvesfutabie to the ex- 
 ample and authority of the greater and fuperior. Now of all others the Rhodiars were reputed 
 Gt moft import and confequenceevery way, for that they were able not only to ta\or wiihihcit 
 countenance,bucalfoaidand maintain with their fotLes this war: and by the perfwahon ot Hfr-' 
 gefilus they had got together a fleet of forty fail. " This Hergcfdus their loveraign MagUiratc 
 '•'• (whomtbey ciWFrpams ^ had by many reafons prevailed with the Rhodiansto abandon the 
 " hopethey bad by entertaining theleKK. ( which they had tonnd by olten experience how vain 
 "■ it\vas)2rd tohold themfelvesto thefociety andallianceof the Romans, the fureft hold of all 
 •' others at that time in the v^orld, as well for ftrength of forces as trul^y aflurance and fidelity, 
 " There is intended war by them fqd.he)agiinft Perfeus, and no doubt the Romans will require \ 
 " of us the fame provihon and furniture of ihips and lea-forces, which they have feen in their war 
 "lately a?ainrty^»f'o^/'>«5 andbeforethat, againft King Philip: andthenyouwillbe to reek,and 
 " forced in preat halle to provide a fleet, when it were more time it fliuuld be.et outandfent 
 '' forth unlefs ye begin betimes to repair and rigyourfiiips.unlels.I fay you fet inhand tofurnifli 
 '* the fame with fillers and mariners. And with lo mut.hmcreendeavour ought ye thus to do, 
 " that by your deed andeffed^uallemployment,you may refute and difpiove the falfe imputations 
 '^ wherewith £.'/»;f»« hath charged you. By tbefe remonll ranees induced they were.infomuchas 
 at ihe arrival ofthe Roman Legatsatorefaid,they were able to fhew unto them anaimadoof 40 
 fliips ready risged and well appointed, that they might know and fee, they looked not for to be 
 exhorted thereunto. And this embalfage was of great moment and importance alio to gain the ^ 
 Iicirts of the States in yl/ia. Only Dccinjiia returned to Rome without any efled of his errand 
 andcommilTion, nay, he ran into an ill name and obloquy, upon fufpition that he had received 
 certain bribes of the Princes in llhricnm. 
 
 i'ff-/'//; upon the conference and communication had with the Romans,retlred into Macedony 
 and fent his Embafl'adors to Rome-, to treat about ihe conditions of peace begun already with 
 Afa tins: to other Embafladorsalfo ot his he gave his letters to carry to By::.ay:tium and Rl.odeiz 
 the tenor of which letters was one and the fame direiled to them all: namely,That he had com- 
 muned with the Roman Legats,but he had fo placed and couched as well what he heard as whac 
 hefpake, that it mightfeem hega\e not one ioot unto them, but gained the better handinthat 
 difpute & debating with them.Thefe Emballadors added moreover , and faid unto the Rhodians, L 
 '^ That they hoped alTtiredly there would be a peace, for thatthey by the motion ar,d advice of 
 *■ yVLi't:ns and Attilms wereaddrefled in embalfie to Ronje.Novj if the Romans, fay they ,agaiD<l 
 * the covenants of accord proceeded to levy war,then the Rhodians were to endeavour with all 
 ''• theciedicand power they have, to reunite the peace again ; but if with all their prayer and en- 
 <• treaty they might not prevaif then they were to look about and labour this one point, That the 
 '^ might and puiflanve of the whole wond were not devolved into ihehandsof that one people. 
 ' And as this imported and concerned all the reft, fo the Rhodians efpecially, whofurmounted 
 ''Other States indignity and wealth, both which fhould be obnoxious and enthralled, if there 
 "^ were regard and refpetft made of none but the Romans.Tbe letters of the King and words ofthe 
 EmbalT.'.dors, were entertained with friendly audience, other effedt they took none to charge \« 
 their fetled minds: for now the authority ofthe better p?tt began alfo to carry the greater fway. 
 But this anfvver was returned to them.& that byway of decree, That the Rhodians wifbed peace 
 with al their liearts; but if itfliould come to war, their King and Mailer v\asreitherto expc<ft, 
 rcr y.ttoo.aitany ibingat their hands, to disjoyn the ancient amity whichthey held with the 
 Romans, and which they had acquired by many and great deferts, as well in war as in peace. In 
 tleir return f cm Fhcdj, ihty went to the Cities of Bwoua-f and namely? to Thebes^ Corc>ie.i,iTid 
 HMiartus, from v\nom it feemed a thing extorted forcibly againft their will, that they weredif- 
 binded from the King Jc clave to the Romans, TheThebans iTood firm and immoveable,although 
 they were fomewhat difcontented with t! e Romans, both for condemning theirchief and prin- 
 cipal! Citizens-ard alfo forrefloring the baniOiedperfons. But ihe Coronxans and Haliartians m 
 rpon an inbred and fet'.ed tavoi:r by kind un o the Kings, fenc Emballadors into M.icedo>tia, re- 
 quefting agarrifonfor their defence again! the excefiTive pride of the Thebans.To thisembaffage 
 the King thus anfwered, That a garrifon he might not fend, by reafon oft he truce made with the 
 Romans: howbeit, head\ertifed them to maintain atd guard themfelves againll the injuries of 
 the Thebans all that ever they could : but yet fo, as they gave the Romans no caufe to be their 
 heavy friends,and fo to proceed in rigour againll them. 
 
 Ma t:Hsir\<i >^/f?//';<j being come to Rome^ made report of their embaflie within the Capitol!, 
 in 'uch manner, as in nothing they gloried more, than in deluding and deceiving the K.by means 
 of a ( efTation from arms. and a pretended hope of peace. For fo well appointed was he and fur- 
 niOied with allprovifiontorwar, and they contrariwifefo unprovided every way, that he might q 
 eahly havepolTelTedhimfelfof all places of opportunity and adiantage, before that their army 
 could pafs over into C'reece. But now having this refpit and timeofthetruce,as the King would 
 come nothing better rrovided/o the Romans mighibegin the war, more fully furniflied with all 
 thingsconvenient. Moreover, they related how they by their coming diflra(f>ed and fet ajarin 
 ihe generall Council ofthe Boeotians, fo as by no means anymore hereafter they can be rejoyoed 
 to the Macedonians by confsnt and accord. Thegreater part ofthe Senat approved this fervice of ^ 
 
 theirs
 
 Ihe two and fortieth Beo\ofTlAvm^ 
 
 =^i£J. 
 
 /V theirs as performed with fingulardilcretion and dexterity: But the old Senators and thofe chat 
 held in remembrance the ancient manner and cbltome of the ilbmans/aid plainly, '« I ha: in all 
 " the courfe of that embjfiie-they could feenb Roman pra£lice and dealing at all. Our anLcfl ors 
 •' (fay thcy)were wont to war not by wait-laying and leaec ambuOies, nor by skirmiflies in the 
 '•night-fealon, noryetby falfefemblant ofrunnmgavvay and fildden turhing their face again at 
 
 ^'* unawares upon their unprovided enemies; neither fougl.-r they toglorificthemftivesby^fubtil). 
 •' flights more th an by true vertue and valour : Their ufc and manner was,to intimate and pnbiifh 
 "vyars before they made any : yea,and to denounce and prodaim the lame ; otherwhiles alfotQ 
 " aftign and appoint the very place where they went to ftrike a battel). According to thisphin and 
 "faithfulldealingjtheydcteitedanddifclored unto K.Pyrrhiis,ihQ Phyhdan ihat would by poy-. 
 5 " fon have taken away his life: by the fame they delivered bound unto the Falifcians the v illanous 
 '* traitor that would have betraied the children of their K. Theleare the Roman tafliions (lay 
 " they)not to ufe the cunning calls and flie fliifts of the Carthaginians, nor the irafty policies of 
 ** Grecians;Whoeverreputedit more glorious and honourable by fraud to coinpiis than by force 
 " to furpafs the enemy. Indeed otherwhiles for the prefent time,more good is done and "reatet 
 ** matters areeffefted by guile and policy,than by valour and vertue: but to fay a truth thecoiir 
 " rage of that enemy is toreverconquered,whois forced to confefs,that he was vanquiilied no^ 
 '*by cunning nor by vencure,butin jult andlawfull warbymaihiirength and clofefght at handy 
 *^ gripes. This fpake the ancientSjWho had no great liking to the ne \v- lound devices of thcfe poli- 
 iicians.Howbeit,thacfideofthe Senac which made more reckoning o:" profit than of honeliy, cat- 
 C ried it away and imported lb tiiuchjthat not only the firll embaflle of /!/.;/•.'/«; was apptoved, as 
 well performedjbut alio himfelf was fent back again with certain Qjiinqueremcs, with amandac 
 alfo&commiffion to deal in the reft according as he fliould think to ftand with the good of the- 
 Common- weal. They difpatched like wife Aid. AttUms to feiz Larifa in Theff^tly \ for fear left if' 
 the term of truce were expired, /'?'-/?«/ fliould fend a garrifon thither, and hold in his hand theca- 
 pitall City oiThejfJj. The faid Attilius had a warrant to receive 2oco footmen oiCr.Stci:sipti 
 fortoefFeftuatthaterterfrife.A fo P. Lf«/«//<; lately returned out of ^^r/^iij/i was allowed thecpn-^ 
 dud of 3O0 fouldiersof the Italian nation, to the end that at T/->/'f/ he fliould endeavour to 
 bring all BatiawnAe: t'.ie obedience of the Romans.VVhen allthings wetefet inthisforvvardnefs, 
 albeit they were at a point and fully refolved to make war, yet thought good it was co gi\ e audi* 
 £) ence unto the cmbaffadors of Pe^feus in the Senat ; who rehearfed and related in manner the 
 Tamereafons which weredelivcred by the King in the late con'eren:e and parley. Much ado they 
 made and laboured hard, to acquit the King of the imputationlaid to his iharg^ for feekingthe 
 death o': E:inieKes; but with fmall probability or none at all: forthe thing was too tooapparant. 
 In theend they fell to prayer and intreaty : howbeit, no carwas given unto them, with any fuch 
 ihind and heart,as could be either indruiled or inclined. Inftead thereof, warned Itraightly they 
 Were to depart immediatly forth ofthe liberties of Rofr.e^ and withinthirty dales out of /r.;/)-. 
 I A''ter this,?.Lic;«/«Jthe Qbf.who was charged with the Province o\ Sp ii>i-hi6. cornmandment 
 given him to afllgn unto the army the fooneft day that he could, for to meet in one certain rlace, 
 C.£.«frff;/.'/thePrxtor who had the conduct ot the fleet, took his leave ot the City with forty 
 £ Qjiitiqaererrles : for advifed it was.that the reft of the iliips which had been repaired, fhould bq 
 ftaid at home for to be employed otherwife about the City. And the Prator fent his brother Lh" 
 crffw before with one Galeace or Qtiinquereme Sccommilfion to receive ofthe allies that ftiip- 
 ping which bycovenantthey were to find ; and with them near the l^indCfpha'oiiit, to joyn 
 with the reft of thearmado:to vvit,from the Rhegins one trireme j.a'!y, from the Locrianstvrain, 
 from the Urits 4. With which he coafted along /r.1/7, and having doubled the utmoft point of 
 CfJabria within the ' Ionian fea,he arrived at Pfrrh.icki'Am.'Xhaz he found 1 9 gal/ions or barks of ^ . , • ' •^' 
 theDyrrhachians,i2 ofthe Iffians, and 54beIorgingtoK Ccnnut: which he took all with him "^"l» 
 along, making femblance that he fuppofed they were provided ofpurpofe forthefcrviceof the; 
 Romans: with this fleet by the third day hefell.with the Ifle Cor/i/jw : and fo forward he made laijl 
 F and arrived at Ceph^ienia, C,Lucretins the Prxtor, ha\ ing loofed to feafrom NapL-s, eroded the 
 ftraights of Sicily, and on the fiftieth day cut over likewife to Cef):'.teni.i. Then the fleet ftruck. 
 anchor, e^peifling as wellthearrivalloftheland-forces,asairothat the hulks and \efll:lsof carri- 
 age which were fcattcred upon the feas from the reft oftheircompany,might overtake them. ., 
 It hapned about this time,that Pal'. Liciniits the Cof.havingconceivedand folemnly msfde his* 
 vows within the Capitolljdeparted in his coat of arms from the City. Al'olemnityat alltimes ve-; 
 rily this is ,done with much dignity andmajefty :butefpecially w it h' exceeding great pleafui'eriid' 
 contentment of thebeholders ; when the Cof. is accompanied with a ftately train at his firft fec-j 
 ting forch.to encounter fome great and famous enemy.renov^ned as well for vertue cs quality and' 
 fortune : for at fuch a time men aflemble and gather togetlier.not only in regard of duty to acquit, 
 Q tbemfelves of their devoir, but alfo upon a dehre they have of the very fliew and light prefenredi 
 unto their eyes ; namely, to fee their captain to whofecondud and counfell they have committed 
 the managing and defence ofthe Common-weal. Moreover,they took occafion thereby to chink. 
 tifthe hazard of war how adventurous is the event, and howdoubttullthe iflueof battellin thi, 
 field. They call to mind the alternative courfe of good fortune andbad; and namely^howbythe' 
 blind ignorance or the unadvifed rafhnefs of leaders, many foils and overthrows have jiapned ;i 
 attdcomrariwifeby politick wifdomatfdhardycourage, threat matters have b^en effef'ied, and, 
 
 ^ liii J b!af??y
 
 '^^^^ the mo andjortietb BooJ^ o/T.Livius, 
 
 happy viaories atchieved.And what mortall man is he thai kroweth, of wtat mind andcerriagcH 
 oood ot bad,how fortunac or unlucky the Cof.is, whom they fend forth to war : whether he be 
 Tike foon to be feen again.in triumphant wife with his viftorious aimy mounting up theCapitoU 
 untothofegodsj of whom now he taketh his leave: or fliall give occafion to the enemies in the 
 fame manner to rejoyce ? As for Perfcta the K, (againft whom this expedition and journey is ta- 
 ken)a Prinrehe is, highly renowned both by the Macedonian nation ( fo famous for feats of 
 arms) andalfoby his tatherT/)/7/;);who among other fortunatatchievements of his>was enno- 
 bled by his war againft the Romans. Moreover,the very name of Terfeus himfelf (iince time that 
 finl the diadem was fet upon his head) vvas in every mans mouth, and no talk continually but of 
 him and the expedition of this war.With thefe and fuch like cogitations(I fay )a mighty nncnber 
 of men of all forts and degrees attended and accompanied the Cof. at his departure. With him I 
 were ient two Colonels or knight-marOials above the reft^who had been Coll. namely, C.C/<<«- 
 ditis and Q^ Afmitts: alfo three brave and lufty young gallants, to wit, V.Ler.tulHs and the two 
 'TWis M Af w M.nVii^ "both uirnamed Aciiim-, the one fon to * //,.'V/rf>-;A«/jand the other to L Mar.lius. The 
 iiM fceraeih to Co._tj,i]s accompanied, firft went to Brundnfium tothe army, and from thence paffeJ the leas to 
 '^'^'fordfc"' M»;/>/«:«».'5.'nd fo encamped in the territory of y-:f/ji7/&»/^. 
 
 'hcre*pVii"cd an ' P^ '[-t^^ I'O''"^ '^^^ '^■''^^ before, upon the return of his embaffadors from Rorftc, who had cleat* 
 aSlongbe- put him out of all hope of peace, held acouncill; wherein for a good while them,' rcer was de- 
 toe, Tnat no bated with f;teat variety of lundry opinions. Some were of mind that in cale the Romans etijoy- 
 Mmltmyi- ne^ [hem either to yield a tribute, or to forgo fome of their lands ; yea, if they impcfed upon 
 b"-iai^'d them fome fine by way of amends and fatista<5lion : in brief, whatfoever elfe th^y fet down and K 
 .M-a-cw : and ordained to do and fuffer all for to redeem their peace, and not to refufe any condition were it 
 ihacthercw^rc never fo hard but to take heed and provide in any vvife^that /'f/'y;';^j-put not himfelfnor the realm 
 nu,iiiut,.ufj; upon the dangerous hazard of lb great a jeopardy. For if he heldftill the main point and conti- 
 ^^"/rl'i'fsiiw."* ''"^^ ''^ l"'*^' polkirion of his kingdom, in time and fpace much good might happen ; by means 
 leirnedAmi- whereof he fliould be able notonly to li..k himfelf whole and recover his loffes, but alfo become 
 qiaryhath hereafter dread and terrible even unto thofeofwhomnovvheHandethiniear.But thefargreater 
 well rolk-fted pan carried with them a more couragious fpirit and gave advice accordingly. For they affirmed, 
 o It ct Ci«io it -j-^^j j^- /jj^y-f,, J parted with ought and yielded never fo little, he mufl make account withall to 
 lai? ;.'/. c;q^J^ the fjgg.l^old of his whole kingdom foon after.For,it is neither money nor land(fay they) 
 
 '■thatthe Romans want ; but this they wotfullwell,Tbatis all thingselfe in the world/oefpe-' L 
 
 * ciallygreat monarchies & empires are fubjefl: to many accidents andcafualties: right wellthey 
 
 * know alfo, how they have quelled and bruifed the puiflance of the Carthaginians, andfor 
 '' to yoak their ne^ks and hold them down, have fet up a mighty King to be their neighbour and 
 'tocommandthem ; yea, and that ^«f/c(r/;«;and all his rai.eis removed and chafed beyond the 
 ' mountain T^avwj.Thereremaineth only now the realm ot Macedcny^ v\hich is both feated in a 
 ' near region, and aifo (if the fortune of thepeopleof j'^awi^rnould hapto fail } feemeth able to 
 ' give he'^ut and courage to her Kings at this day, anfwerableto that of their noble progenitor 
 *■ in fcrmer times. And therefore whiles theStateftandeth entire and unfoiled,/'fr/f«^ ought to 
 " refoK c, whet her he had rathet by forgoing one thing after another.Hrip himfelf in the end of all 
 
 *' his goods ardlandsScfo turned clean out of his kingdom, be driven to requeli at the Romans M 
 '• handeither Samothr.icia or fome other fu^h petty uTe, where, in quality of a privat perfonhe 
 *' may '.i.f. ive liis royall eftatc,and live to old age in bafe contempt and needy poverty : or elfe^to 
 *-take arms inilie defence andmaintenanceofhis royall place 3nddignity,like a Prince of valour 
 *'. and courage; and either abide all hazards whatfoever the fortuneof the field fhall plunge him 
 
 * into; or after V idol yatchieved deliver the whole world from the dominion andimperious 
 
 * fcignory of the Romans. And no greater wonderand miracle is ittohunt theRotnansoutof 
 
 * G.e.Tf than it wastochafe AnmLa! omoi It, -.ly. neither fee we in good faith(faythey)how by 
 *• any rcafcn it can well (land, that he whorefifled with all his might and main his own bro- 
 -*'ther. that would have made himfelf K.againft all right and law, fl:iou!d now to flrangersandali- ^, 
 
 ' ens render the pofieifionthereof.whichhecame fo well and truly by,acd wherein he is fo right- N 
 *• fully inveiledr' Fin illy, in war and peace howfoever men makequeilions, difputingand argu- 
 ' ingtoand fto,yct this conclufion they ni! grant and agree upon, That as there is nothing more 
 *' Humefull anddifhonert, thanio abandon and lo!e a kingdom without baitell, fothereisno- 
 *■■ thing more glorious and lionoi:rabie than for the maintenance of Princely dignity and regal ma- 
 " jeliy to hazard all fcrtune.whaifoever. This Councill washoldenat PelU, the ancient Paiacc 
 wherein I he Macedonian KK.kept their royall court. VVhy then (qd.hcjon Gods name.fince you 
 are of that mind and rcfolution.let us takearmsjc to rhe field: whereupon he fent his letters in- 
 to all parts to hi'; gallants and captains, and affembled & drew all his forces to Citium, a town of 
 ^M.'.cedony.Hu'nkliin petfon after be had performed a magnificent facrifice (like a K.^of lOO head 
 of heads to the honourof /1/;wto4, furnamed A/ada, he departed accompanied with a number Q' 
 of his courtierspenfioners,and yeomen ofthe guard to C/f/./w. To which place were gathered al- 
 rei Jy ail his forces, as well Macedonians as auxiliary Grangers. He pitched his camp before the 
 t ) w n and embattcllcd all his armed men in the plain. He was in all forty ihoufand ftrong; where- 
 of one half well-near confined ofthpfe whom they call Phalangitar, and thofe were commanded 
 by one Hipp at of Berrha.'., Befides, there were two choice companies (for the flower of age and 
 ftrengthofbody)fele(5ted out ol the whole number of targettierSj calkd Crfr^f /.This regiment, 
 
 them-
 
 y be two and fortieth Bool^ of T.Livius* p ij 
 
 ■ . — ■ — ■ — . — — . — ^- — . — -^^' 
 
 A ttiirtifelves called by the name otThe legion ; and the fame was under the conduft o^Lccnatus 
 
 and ihraJippHs both ' Eulyelianes. The reft of the targettiers to the numtier oFthree rhoufand or < Or.EAwwrj 
 ffetyneafjwereledby ^«//y;//«jof Edejfa. The PsconianSj ihoi'c zH'o ot Paroria and P^ftrimoma according to 
 (places fubjeft to the Thracian)and the Agrians, together with fome inhabitants o^Thracia in- TombM,. 
 termingled among ihemjamountedalfo to the number of three thoufahd. DidM oi P^oniahid Je- ■^^"■/-''^» _ 
 vied and armed them >even the man that murdered young D^mctnui, There were bcf.destwo 
 ihoufand Frenchmen in arms under the leading of captain Jfc/epiodorHs. From //ez-^f/f^i like wife 
 out of the Simians country ^there were three thoufand Thracians, free-men born, under a leader 
 of their own. The like number well-near of Ciretenfians followed their Commanders, Sufis oi 
 Phalafarna,zr\d S)lliu oiG>.o[os : alfo LeoHides the I.tcedxmonianjhad the charge of five hundred 
 ^ but oi Greece, but a mixt company they were of divers nations. This Lcomdes was faid to have 
 beenofthebloudroyalljabaniflied petionjCondemned in a freqiiencallembly andConncillofch? 
 Achxms, for certain letters which he fent to Pfr/fw/, and were intercepted. The^tolians ancl 
 Bctocian-^jwho in allmadenot abovefivehur-dred, werecohdu^edby Z-K^an Achian. Thel'e 
 Jfiixiliaries or aid-fouldiers of fo many dates and nations mixt and blended together, grew \!L{i 
 Upon the number of 12000 armed men. As for the Cavalry, he had levied out of all yl/jfrt^c^/ 
 5ooohorfeorthereabout. Csf^^Kingofthe Odryhans, thelon of5fwr/;t-jj was thither come 
 with 1 000 chofen men of arms and a'lmoft as many footmen. In fum jthe whole army arofe to thq 
 number of 39000 foot,and 4000 horfemen.And thi; was held for certain, that the like army wag 
 lieverraifcd by any King oi M,icedony,\it\\^[% it werechat again^with which yllex.tnd.r cheGreac 
 C pafTcd over into ^y**?.! wenty years now and iix were come and gone, hnce time that peace was 
 granted unto Pldtlif ac his own luit and requelf : dnrmg which fpace htivjczD^Maadofiy being m 
 reft arid quletnefs, hadbrought forthagoodly fry of frelTi youth: agreatpart whereof wasof 
 fuff.cient age to bear arms ; and by the continnill skirmiflies which they maintained with th-s 
 Thracians their neighbours,were rather whetted than we.ikned.and more enured than weariedj 
 and, in one word, lived everinptadlice of martia'.l feats : whereby it came to pafs that all things 
 Vverepreftand inreadinefsforthe war, which /'/.»/(/) f.rft, and /"cr/fwa afterwards projccfedto 
 Vvag'eagainlf the Romans. ■ :. >,./ . 
 
 This anny ftirred and advanced alittlc, not in manner of a full tnaich as to a prefentbattell;. 
 but only for this. that they would not befeentohavedoodfiiilin their arms : and thus armejas 
 I) the fouldiers vvere,^f)-/>;« called them to an audience, intending to make an Oration unto them^ 
 Being mounted up to hisTribunall, he flood there with his two fons about him oneof cither 
 handjwhereof the elder (named Vhdip) he adopted to be his child .whereas indeed by nature he 
 vvas his brother ; but the youngec(whom the^ called v'i/fAVfii^fr^ was his own naturallfon. Then 
 and there he exhorted his fouldiers to fight manfully ,and laid before them what wrongs and inju- 
 ries the people oiRome had done both tohis father and alfo to himfelf. ' As for my father (qd. ptifeuucht 
 " he) forced he was by all kind of indignities to enterlnto arms and begin war again ; but in the fjuldifr}^ ' 
 "very preparation thereof.he was f'uddenlyfurprifed and (Irucken with death. Tomy felfat one 
 ^' time were embaffidorsfrom them fent to treat of peace, and armed fouldiers alio for to feiz up- 
 . *' on the Cities of Grcfcf.Afterwards by a deceitful fliew of a parley under colour ol reccncilia- 
 E " tion and peace making.,we were born in hand and drawn out a whole winter to the end that 
 " they might gain time to prepare for war. And now is the Cof. coming with two Roman legions, 
 *' having either of them fome jcohorfebefides, and with a proporticnaole number (and tnatis 
 '' the mod J of allies.as well foot as horle.And fay that the KK.both Enmeyies & Mafa'tijfa joyn 
 "with their aid- forces,yet can they not amount above the number of yoco. Now that ye have 
 "heard what the flrength is ofthe enemies regard and lomparcyourown army? namely. how far 
 '• both in number,as alfo in goodnefsand quality of Ibuldier^jyou furpifsthem; being your felves 
 *• from your childhood and infancy warriors trained in pradVi'.eoi armsand war- i- wrought, 
 " framed,and hardncd inlomany battels^whereastheybe new& rawlbuldicrs takenupin halie, 
 . "and enrolled now the firfl timeagainlt thisprefent fervice.A- for the auxiliaries or tfie Romans^ 
 F" what are they but Lydian5,Phrygian!;, and NumidiansPbut wetofctagainlf them have to aid us 
 " Thracians and Gauls the moft couragitnis nations under heaven. For harnefs and weapons,they 
 " have no other than fueh as every poor fou'.dierisab'.eto pro\ide for himfelf : but theMa:edo-- 
 "niansarefurniflicdout of the King-; royall armory and arcenal with fui.h armors ofproof,asmy 
 •' father in many years caufed to be made with great care,& to his no fmall expence. The Romaiis 
 '*bc farfrom their provifions.and the fame cspofed toallthecafnaltiesof the fea: but we behdes, 
 *'^the revenues and ifl'ues out of the mines of metal, have laid by both coin and corn fu flu lent to 
 "ferve for ten years. The Macedonians have (lore and plenty in great abundance of all things ne- 
 "ceffary.&be provided as well by thegraciousfavourofthegod^ as the careful diligenre of a K. 
 ''Itremaineth now that ye^arry that mind and courage with you, which yournobleprogenitors 
 Q '* bare before you ihofe I fay,who after they had conquered &:f'nl-idued a!l £,vr^pr.parfed into. At. 
 '' /;4,andby force of arms made way & difcovered that part of the world that was never heard of; 
 " beforehand gave not over to win ground fiill and make more conquefts, untill they were barred 
 *' by the red ki-Zc ^ ould find no mrre land to conquer. But now beleeveme/ortiine hath denoun- 
 *' ced 3 triallby wnr.not tor the purchafe ol^theutmoll bound.s & mirches oi Indi.i but tor our free 
 " hold and pofJeffion for our inheritance even of A/.<cr^3>«,».Thefe Romans wher^hcy yvarred a- 
 '• gaioft my father-pretendsd a goodly titlc_& made a glorious Anew to the world,as ihonghtheti 
 
 "wrnlcJ
 
 The wo and fortieth Boo\ o/T.Livius. 
 
 *' would deliver Greece^ and eftablifh it in freedom : but now in open and plain terms they fhooiH 
 " at Macedonj fiDtcaimg to bring it intofervitude ; to the end there might benoK. near neigh- 
 '*bor to the Roman feigncry, nor any nation renowned for martiallprowefs, permitted to bear 
 4' arms and have vveapon in hand. For.thefe things aiid no lefs/orced fhall be to part withjand 
 " deliver up thefe proud LL.together with King and kingdom,in cafe ye futceafewar ; and tbdo 
 *<■ whatfoever they will command you. All the while that he delivered this fpeech,there might be 
 heard fecret fucdamations oftentimes, fufficiently teftifying the generall ailTent of them all : but at 
 thefelartvvords they lift up their voicesandcriedoutalbud part for angerfc indignation^meDa- 
 cingtheenemy,partforcour.igeandrefolution,exhorting theKingtobe ofgoodchear and take 
 a good heart ; infomuch as he was cotiftrained to give over,and make an end of his Oration: only 
 htcommanded them to be ready for the remove, &to put themfelvesin the journey againlUhe I 
 enemy :forby thistimeadveitifed he was that the Romans were diflodged from Nywphanw.hi- 
 ter this affembly was difmiffcdjhe gave audience to the embaflsges from the States of MaccdoKy: 
 {or,ccme they were to make promifc and offer both of money & grain to maintain this war^every 
 one according to their ability. Thanked they were each one,ana releafed ofallthat charge.with 
 this anrwer,that the Kings provifion was fiifficient. Only he commanded them to find wains and 
 carts for carriages of the pieces of ordnance, the engins of battery, the darts, quarrels and other 
 fliot,whereofa mighty deal he had provided ; and in fnm, all the inflrnments Si furniture of war. 
 Then he fer forward with his whole army marching toward Eordea^snd near unto the la ke which 
 they call Brg.-tritaihc encamped.The next morrow he advanced loElyme^t upon the river Hd tu- 
 wflij. After ihis,having paffed over the mountains named Ciimhmu through a (kaight and narrow K 
 pAlVige.he defcended tothofe that inhabit A^-mu-, Pythnns, and Do/iche, which quarter is called 
 Trrpolis. Thefe threetownsflAidfome while inful'pence,hy reafonthat they had given their ho- 
 ftages to the Larilfxans : but in the end, overcome with the fear prefented before their eyesjwere 
 content to yield themfelves into his hands. /'«>-/?(&( ufed gracious words to this people making this 
 sccouni that the Perrhsbians would do the like : & in very deed he entred upon xhc City (which 
 {'urrendtred at his fitlf arrival) without ary doubt or flay at all made by the inhabitants within. As 
 for the town Qrfn<E,hea{faied to batter itjand the firft day he was repulfed inafliatpskirmifhat 
 the very gates madeby the townfmen that put on arms,drew to an head,and made refiftance.But 
 the morrow after, when he had aflailed the City with all his forces, they fubmitted all to his 
 rtiefcy before night.The inhabitants of the next town to it vW;/^; prefuming upon their fottifica- L 
 tions,and (landing upon this, That theirCity was impregnable, were fo proud and lufly, that they 
 could not be contented to (Tiut the gates only againfl the King, but mofl rudely and malapertly 
 fpared not to caft outreproachfnll taunts and gibing terms againR his own perfon andtheMace- 
 donians.Wbich manner of dealing, as it envenomect the enem ies and edged them.the rather to en- 
 force and follow the aflault,fo it kindled chemfelves the more (upon defpair of all pardon & mer- 
 cy) to maintain and make good their place & fland more refolutely in their own defence.Where- 
 Upon for three dales together the town was affailed by one part, and defended by the other with - 
 mighty courage right valiantly .The Macedonianr were fo many in ntimber^that by turns they re- 
 lieved the aflault without any difliculty,a]^ entred one in the place of another, But the towtlfmcir 
 who evermore day and night guarded the walls, without any change & new fupplyjWere not only M 
 overcharged with many wounds,but alfo wearied and enfeebled with continuall travell and want 
 ot (leep.The fourth day, when at one inflant the fcaling ladders were reared againft the walsin e-,. 
 very quarter, and the gate aflailed with greater force and violence than before,the inhabitants be- 
 ing driven from the curtain and battlements ranall to ward the gate.and made a fudden tally up- 
 on theenemies : which proceeding moreupon inconfiderat andblind anger,thanany trueand aC- 
 fnred confidence of their own flrength,caufed them (few in number and wearied) to be difcom- 
 fited Sc put to flight by the enemies frefii and in heart, who entred pell-mell with them into the 
 fjid gate (landing wide open. Thus was this City taken and ranfacked.The bodies alio of the free 
 born per(ons,as many as remained after the bloudy execution, were ("old in market. Perfem&ktt 
 I he had rafed,riiined,and burred a great pan of the town;diflodged and departed from thence to N 
 J'/j»(^w«'!?,and the next day following went onward, and marched to Gyrtone. But being adverti- 
 fed that T.'^'f'!"itiw Riifusand Hippi.uihc Pritor oiThejfaly were entred thither with agarrifon, 
 hepafled bel'.dcs the the town, and nevermade offer of any aflaulr. But hefurpri(ed£?rfr/<iand 
 Gon-zitts^ by realon that the townfmen were (Irucken with exceeding fear upon his ludden arrival!. 
 Thefe two towns are fituat upon the very ftraight which leadeth to Tempe,hwt (j(?«««/efpecially., 
 And therefore he lett it guarded with a fironggarrifon both of foot and horfe, as alfo fortified 
 with a trebble trench and rampier.Himfelf in perfon went onward flil to 5;r«r/«»?,mindingthere 
 to attend the coming of the enemy : and withallhe commanded his army toforrage and purvey 
 corn every way all over the territory of the enemies lying under him. For ^j-cwr/ww is feared upon 
 the hani^ing ot an hill toward the very foot of the mountain Ojf^.haviijg upon the South fide the q 
 plain champian of 77)f/..//underit, but behind on the back yJ/^ff^a^)' and Ma^rtejla. Over and 
 above thefe commodities, the placeis very healthfulland plenteous of all good things, watered 
 alfo with many quick and running fprings round about. 
 
 The Roman Conful having his army on foot about that time marching toward 77:;^>/<r/)', at 
 the fird found good way and ready paflage through Epirus : but afterwards, when he was pafled 
 over once into Jthama»i(i)^Q met with a rough country & rugged foil & in manner infuperablc -•
 
 Tbe two and fortieth Boo{^ of T.Li vius. g i g 
 
 A fo as with exceeding great difficulty and by fliorc journeys he had much ado to reach untoG'ow- 
 phi. And if at that time, whiles his men and hories were enciimbred and tainted, the Kin^ had 
 made head in battell arranged, taking the vantage of time and place againd him, leading as he did 
 an hoft compofed but of rude and untrained novices, the Romans themfelves cannot deny, but 
 it would have gone very hard with them, and a great overthrow they mult needs have received 
 in that conflict. But when they were come once to GowpZ/wichouc any skirmiHi, behdes the 
 joy which they conceived, for that they had efcaped and o\erLome[hatdan£;cron.'; paffaot, they 
 began aifo to contemn their enemies, for that they knew not their own goodjand werefoiono- 
 tantof the opportunities which tliey had.The Confnlafterhe had duly facrificcd (as it appertai- 
 ned) ind difkibuted the allowance of corn among his rouidiers, lojourned there feme few dales 
 
 B for the reft and repoieboth of man and beaft : where, hearing that the Macedorfiin^ ranged 
 and over-ran thecountryof 7'/?^/. /;-, wading and fpoiling theteiricory of the Roman allies, hs 
 led hisfouldiersnow fufhciently refreflied anio Lartjja. And having marched irom thence with- 
 in three miles of Tr//'e/;j(whii.h they call 5'«/») he pitched his tents, and lodged upon therivcK 
 Feneiis. 
 
 At thefame time Eumenes arrived by Tea at C/Wm,together with two of his brethren, ^.'f«/«/ 
 and yir/.'f;r<««; leaving at Pergamits a third brother /'/;//f'<c>-w,for the defence of his Realm. Froni 
 thence, accompanied with yittaltts zr\d a power of fourthoufand toot and aihoufsnd horfe be 
 came to the Confuljand left at Ch.deis two thoufand footmen,commanded by yitheficus. 1 hither 
 alfo repaired other aids which came in to the Romans from all the States of Greece, but mollot 
 
 C the particulars werei'o fmallas now they aregrown out of remembrance. The Apolloniats fent ? . 
 hundred horfemen, and a hundred footmen. From the ;Etolians there came aCornet of horl'e- 
 . men, even the whole Cavalry thatihefaid nation could make. Likewife ail the Cavalry of the 
 Theffalians which exceeded not the number of three hundred that lerved intheRomancamp Gc 
 quartered apart. The Achairansfexit one thoufand men of their youth armed for the molf part af- 
 ter the^Candiot manner, Andmuch about this time C. L.'<£-/-ff/«j alfo the Prxtor, whohadtl.e 
 conduct ol the fliipsthat anchored in the rode of Ccplal «''.!,a!ter he had given charge to Ad,Lti- 
 cretitts his brother, tomake fail with his fleet beyond the Cape of Afale.i, &fo to pafs to Ch.lc!, 
 himfelf went aboord unto a trircmegallcy, fc failed toward thegulphof Co/-/«r/),fortobefeized 
 firft ofthecountry of £a'af/.i,and to prevent all matters thcre-He made way but flow y, be.aufe 
 
 [) cfthe infirmity and weaknefs of his body. /lY.L«fr«»«; being arrived at C'';.(/c/^, and ad^ertiied 
 that P.Le/jtit/fis\3y againrt the City o\ H.ibartu'^ fent a mell-nger,commanding him in the name 
 cfthe Prxtor to raife the hege and diflodge from tlience.The lieutenant notwithitanding he had 
 fet into thatfer vice with the help of the youth ofthat part of JSaa/w w hit h took part with the Ro- 
 mans retired from before the walls. Thelevying of this fiegegaveo^calionofa new enterpriie: for 
 incontinently AI.Lucrettus\iz[\tgtd and inielfed H.thanjisWwh his own fea- forces. to the num- 
 ber of J oooo fighting mentogether with looo fouldiers from Y^.Ettmencs whereof ^^then&us had 
 the charge: andas they were now upon the point to give an afTault.the Prstor came in unto thetn 
 from Crtiif.t. And very near to that time there arrived alfo at C/;.i/c« certain fhips from the allies, 
 namely, two Quinquereme galeacesof Carth.ia^e-, two trireme gallies from Henuiiain Pontut^K 
 
 £ four from Cl^^^cedon as many from S^w>es.,zud five quadrireme gallies of Rhodes. All thefe veflels 
 the Pritor fent back again to theaUies,and eafed them ofthat charge becaufe there was nofea- 
 ferv ice to be performed in any place. Q^Martms alfo came by fea to Chtilcis^ihci he had won Ha' 
 lofs^ and afTaulted L.-irijfa called Crenufjh, 
 
 This wjs the State oiBxori.i, when Perfcus (zshnhbeen faidbefore;Uy encamped at Sycuri- 
 Hw: who after he had from every coalf thereabout got together all the grain that he could come 
 by, fent certain companies to give the walk unto the territory of the Phoc lans fuppohng th- Ro- 
 mans might be fnrprifed, when they fliouldbe drawn far from their own camp to the fuccouring 
 of their diflrefled afTociats. But oerceiviugthat they (firred never the more for all that tumult: 
 he dealt among his fouldiers all the prey but onlvofmenand women: now the booty Rood moft 
 
 p upon cattellwherewith they made good chear.After this,but near about one and the fame time, 
 theCof.&K. PerfcMs\io\\\ debated in their coun.ill,how and where they fhould begin the war. 
 TheK. had taken great heart and courage by occalionthat the enemy furfered him to make fuch 
 havockanddo hispleafurein the Pheracans territory. And therefore his relolution wastomarch 
 diredtly againft the Roman ramp without giving more time and making any further delay. The 
 Romans likewife for their parts wereofopinion th t allforllackingnow would greatly prejudice 
 their reputationamongtheconfedetits. who took it exceedingly to the heart, ihjt they had not 
 fuccoured the Phernns, As they late confulting what to do (now £«wf«f.(and Attiimshoih 
 were prefentatthisCoumill^there came a meffengerinpolf hade with news that the enemy ap- 
 proached near at hand with a mighty army Whereupon the Councill brake up, and prefently the 
 
 Qfignall was given toarm. And advifed it was in the mean while, that there fhould go forth loo 
 horfe ^and as many dartersand foot out ofKing £«wf>;fj his companies. 
 
 Pfr/fMxabout thefourth hour cfthe day,being come within a mile and fomewhat more of the 
 Roman leagHer,commanded the enfigns of the footment toffand.Himfellin petfon with the men 
 of arms and light armed fouldiers advanced forward, and fo together with King rsf).( and the 
 Captains ofthe other auxiliaries.they two marched before. Now when they were within half a 
 mile from the camp.they might difcover the horfemen of their enemies, Two Cornets they \ytie^
 
 Q20 'T'he wo and fortieth Boo\ a/T.Livius. 
 
 mort part Gauls, vudez tht conda& oi CaJJiinat us; befides theloofeard light armed forlorn f^ 
 hope, to the number well-near of a hundred and fifty, and thole were partly Myfians and partly 
 Cretenhans. Hereat the King made a fiand,not knowing well the number of the enemies : and a- 
 non out otthe regiment that he had with him he drew two wings of Thraciar horlc.and as many 
 Macedonians; likewife two Cohorts of Cretenlidn.and as many Thraciantootmen. Hereupon 
 enfued a skiimifh : but foratm.uch as they were marched even in number,and no fuccour came in 
 torelcuelrom theonepartortheother,it ended like wile in doubtfuilballanie of vidfory. Of 
 Enwenes his part there died about thirty : in which number Cajfigi^ntus the Commander of the 
 Gauls was flain.So tor that time Pcrfeus retired his forces to Sycurmm : but the next morrow the 
 King marched with them again to the felt-fame placCiand much about the forefaid hour. Certain 
 carts and wains Udcn with water followed after : and by real'on that for a dozen miles fpace, all j 
 the way was waterlefs, and full ofduft witha'A, hardly beftead ('as it fhould feem)they had been 
 for very drought and thirlt incalethey had been charged and put to skirmifli, atthetime wheci 
 they were firlt in fight. But confidering that the Romans kept quiet, yea, and had reduced their 
 corp ^;'^«.;!-^ within their rampier, Perf usXAzviiit retired with his forces into his camp. This 
 did the enemies for certain dales togetlier, hoping ever that the Roman Ca\a:ry would charge 
 upon the tail of the rereguard in their retreat : and when by that occafion the skirmifh was once 
 begun,and that they had trained and drawn them far from their camp; then they might with eafe 
 wherefoever they were, turn upon them and make head, having the odds of them in horfemen 
 and light armed fouldiers. But the King feeing this would notfpeed, encamped nearer unto the 
 Romans, andfortified thecompafs of halfamile. From whence betimes in the morning by the j^ 
 break of day, after he had embattelled his infantry in the ufuall place, he led ali his Cavalry and 
 li^ht-armed men toward the camp of his eneniies. The Romans feeing a greater dulf railed by 
 more in number, and the fame nearer than ordinary it had been, were mightily afraid within their 
 ramp. But at the firft they would hardly beleeve the meflengcrthatbrought the news : for that 
 contmually all the former dales the enemy ufed not to be feen nntill the fourth hour of th« day, 
 and now the fun was but newly rifen. Howbeit,atterwards (I fay) when about their gates there 
 were thicker alarms give n,and more and more running from thenccj and that now there was no 
 doubt at all of the matter,there grew an exceeding trouble & hurliburly. The Marflials, Colonels, 
 Captains and Centurions, betook themfelves into the quarter about the Prstors pavilion: and 
 the fouldiers ran every man to his own icm.Pcrfeus had embattelled his men lefs than half a miJeL 
 from the rampier about a little hill which they Call OiUcinHs. Kwg Cotys bid the charge of the left 
 vving,with al thole of his ownnation.The ranks of the cavalry flood marfhalled afur.der one from 
 the other by reafon that thelight armed fouldiers were beOowed between. In the right wing 
 were placed the Macedonian horfemen. and the Cretenllans likewife intermingled among them. 
 Milan of Berrhaa led thefe light armed fouldiers : but Me/io o{ yi^tij^onia commanded the horfe- 
 men, and the whole regiment of that part.Next to thofe wirgs the Cavalry of K.Perfcus was ar- 
 ranged together v\ith the felefted aid-fouldiers of many and fundry nations : and the fame were 
 condufled by Patrocles of Antigonia^^nd D/das the governour of Paonia. In the midff of all was 
 the King himfelf •• having about him a band called w^fw^j and certain cornets ot horfemen named 
 [Theficredwingi] Belore him he planted the flingers and darters, who both together amounted m 
 to the number of 4oo:and overihem he appointed for to be their leader one/o« oi'Thcff^donicay 
 and rm;<j^»rtheDolopian. In this manner as is beforefaid, flood the Kings fonesembattelled. 
 The Col.having put his Infantry in order of battell, lent out his Cavalry likewife with the lighc 
 armed companies, who were fet in array bet ore the camp. CLicinins Crafus the Confuls brother 
 had the leading ot the right point, with all the Italian horfemen and the footmen lightly appoin- 
 ted intermingled among them, M f alert w Lavimu in the left, commanded the horfemen of the 
 greek iffociats, together withthe light armed fouldiers of thefame nation. ^./T^/«f/«/ conduced 
 the batt lillon in the midft with certain extraordinary chofen men of arms. Before their Guidons, 
 2oohor'emen ofthcGauls flood in ordinance: and ofthe auxiliaries of K. £«wf;;f.r, :;ccCyrti- 
 ans and 400 Iheflalian hore. Not far from thence were ranged, fomewhat above the left point j^ 
 King fwwfw^-^ himfelf and hisbrother.^ft<j/»«, with all their power were planted behind, even 
 bet ween the rereward and therrench. Thus flood both battel:- much after this manner arran- 
 ged, and ha^no ofeitheriide a like Itrength in manner of horfemen and light- armovr theyen- 
 countred and charged one another ; and then the conflidt was begun by the forlorn hope of loofe 
 fb"t to wit, the flingers and dirters that went before. And firfl of all others the Thracians, faring 
 like wild and lav.ige bead'; who had been lonf pent up within fome grates and cages, with a 
 ifiighty (TV ad an. ed torth and ran upon the Italian horfemen in the right wing, to the end that 
 they mii.bt trnuble and ama7e them ; being otherwife a nation fearlefs, as well by nature as for 
 lo gexperienceand praftifeof war * » * The footmen with their fwordsaffaied to cut 
 off the heads of their pikes ; and one whiles they bought their horfes, and another whiles they q 
 ran them into their flanks. Pcrfcw rodeintothemidfl of the battell, and at the firff (Lock for- 
 ced the G eek« to turn ^fide and giveway: and when the enemy prefTed moreover hard upon 
 ihem behind,behold,the Theffalian horfemen who were placed inthe rereguard forfuccour, and 
 flood lomewhat apart and fevered from the lelt wing, who at firft were beholders only of the 
 fight(as keeping without the danger of the charge) afterwards flood them in \ ery good fteade- 
 yen as ihey were at the point to go down & have the worfe. For as they retired leifurcly without 
 
 breaking
 
 The two and fortieth Boo{ of T.Li vius. qq^ 
 
 A breaking their ranks,afterthat they once joyned with the aids of £»wf»f/jthey both yielded the 
 opportunity to their ailies who were disbanded in the rout, to retire in fatcty within their ranks: 
 and aUb efpying their own vantage,vvhen the enemies puriucd not (o thick in troopsthey adven- 
 tured to put themleives forward beyond, and fo Haid miny of thofe their ai;ies whom they en- 
 countred and receiv ed in cheir flighc.Neither dur(t the Kings men, being now aiio diiarruied and 
 difperied here and there in following the chafe, come to hand-fight an-d joynbattell with thoie, 
 continuing fo well in order as they did jand marching firm and Hrorg together; whereas the mat- 
 ter had been difpatched and the war brought to ahnailend, inca/eiiie King who won the bet- 
 ter in horle-light liad never fo little come in with help and fuccour.For as hecncoiiM-ea hi^ loul- 
 diets to fight,therecame in place very fitly and in palling good time :r,e " T/.a'a.-XywhiLh fLpp as Aift-ona 
 B and Lifo^.KW (becaufe they would not be behind-hand in this harov entcrprife; brou'^ht ot ilicir '■•'f'a'llon'.: 
 own accord in great hafiefo Toon as ever they heard of the winnint; n^^d ottheCavjIry." And ^''°""'°' 
 *' whiles the K. wavered in doubtful fnfpen.c between hope and fearo: this fo great an advtn'.ute, 
 " Evander the Cretenhan,whofe fervice Permits had tiled in the await laid \Qx\,Eur/ienes at Del- 
 "p/w, feeing that main battel! mir.hing heav ily armed under their eni'gns ran nnto the Kin*^ and 
 " carnelUy advertifed him to take heed, leli that prefiiming too much »nd bearing himfelf over- 
 " confident of this good ipeed of his,he brought not unadi ifedly the main chan.c orsU hiseliate, 
 " into a need.efs and unncceflary hazard. For if (quoth he ) yon can be content with the happy 
 *' fortune of this fair day and fo reft, either yon Oiall have the means to make an honourable . 
 "peace, orelfe(ifyon had rather profecute the war) to win exceeding many allies tobear<rins, 
 
 ^" with you in the field i who, no doubt, will follow the train ofyour good tortune. To this way 
 ftoodthe Kings mind ever and thither he foon enclined. Therefore having commended Ev^ndrr 
 for his good advice, he commanded theenllgns to retire, and the footmen to return into the 
 camp : likewife to found the retreat unto the Guidons of the men of ^r.ns.In this battel 200 Ro- 
 man horfeinenth^tday loll their lives^and no fewer than :o:,o footmen, and near upon 2co of 
 the Cavalry were taken prifoners. Ot the Kings fide, there died r.otpaU 200 horfemcnand forty 
 of the other. 
 
 After that the v i^lorlous enemies were upon their return into the camp all were jocund & glad 
 in generaljbut above the reft the Thracians fliewed t hcmfelves in joy for this their v idory, over 
 infolent : for they returned hngingfuU merrily, and carried the heads of their enemies fixed upon 
 
 D their fpear-points.But the Romans were not only fad and heavy for this unfortunat journey,buc 
 fearfullalfo left the enemy fhould forthwith affail their camp. £«»;?«?/ gave counleli to dillodge 
 and remove to the other hde of the river Te>7euu that it might ferve them inftead of a defence 
 and bulwark, untillfuch time as theamated fouldiers had recovered their fpirits and taken heart 
 again. The Cof.was ashamed and abafhed to bewray his fear ; howbeit over-ruled withreafon, 
 befet his army overtheriver in thedead time of the night, and encamped on the farther bank. 
 K./'fr/'-rtf the morrow atter advanced forward to bid the enemies bjttei.biu perceiving they were 
 lodged in fafety beyond the river,heconfefied that he had faulted ind<:ed,i'or that he bad not fol- 
 lowed his viftory the day before; but more ovcrfeen a good deal he was in lying (lill and takino' 
 repofethatnight:for without troubling any elfe of his own men.he might have fenc out the li"hc . 
 armed fouldiers only ro fet npontheenemies asthey pafled ovcrtheri.er in hilte and fright,and 
 fo defeated a great part ot their forces.Now the Romans lliook off their fear for theprefentxon- 
 fidering they were encamped in a furc place : but among other damages, the blot efpecially of 
 their honour and name grieved and troubled them. And as they fate in Councill before the Con'ul, 
 every man for his part laid all the blame upon the -Ccolians, who firft began tobe affraid and run 
 away; and whofe example of fe.ir the other allies of the Cities offjr^crf fcUoivedrfor it \v;s fiid, 
 th.it five prinripall men of mark among the >€tolianj. werefeen and noted firft of al! other to 
 have turned their bicks. But the Theffalians were praifed in a fullaflembly of the vvholearmy ; 
 and their Captains for their vertue and valorous fervice were honoured with pre'cnts. The fpoils 
 of the eni'mies were broug'.it before King Perfeus ', out ot which he beftowed freely uponfome, 
 
 F brave ind gorgeous armr.urs ; upon others goodly great horfes ; and finally, certain were rewar- 
 ded with the oiizeof good prifoners.Targeis there were above a thoufand and (we. hundred cui- 
 13' '.'S ^nd :ornets not fo lew as a thoufand ; befidesiaLirgrcucrpr'^porticn ofmurrions fwords, 
 " anJOiot of all forts Great matters theie were, conhdercdin thcmfelves ; but much more nm- 
 plificd r.nd fet out by the King himl'elf with a fpeeih th.u he made in a frequent audience of his 
 armvafembled toeether, after t hi'; or the like mnrncr, '' You fee nlready by this (qncthhe) 
 "• whit you may jodge before-hand of the final 1 i flue of this war : diicomfitcd ye havethcbct- 
 " ter p-iit nt ycurtnemies, to wit, the Roman Cavalry, wherein they took tbemfelvestr hein- 
 " vinc'.b'c. rortheirhoiemen are rhe very gallants and braveft of their youth ; their Gentlemen 
 '' of arrps (I 'lyj are the feminary and nurfe-garden oftheir Scn,u. Trom them they chufe their 
 
 Q " Nobles j:nd Peers to make Conuls of ye.i,aud Gcneralsof the field another day. And the fpoils 
 •'of th-fewe have erewhiles divided among us. Neither is the vi6lorylef> which ye havegai- 
 ''ned o'"rhe Tnfantiyandlegioni, who althcuph by i;ighi they made nncfcape iromvou, yet in 
 '■•hahingtOv^aK overtheriver, they refembled a fort i hat had fuffercd ftiipwr..' k arfea, and in 
 "fearhiihaf^e ot their lives have fwomjioverfpread the river every whf re withthc'rhodies.Soo- 
 ' ner iViai' Wi ;x' with greater eale 1 rrow,get over Pc::e;s to ■. hrfe them ".hu; already overcome, 
 ■"■' thjiithe-y Jid,making fuchhaftefor fear: and being once let on the other hdej wenijilout of 
 
 '' hand
 
 ^ii The wo and fortieth Boo\ o/T.Livius. 
 
 " hand affail their camp>vvhich we might have forced and won this day , but that they took them U 
 *' to their heels and fled.But if they will come to a' field and try the quarrel by the fwords point, 
 "look ye for no otherifTueof theconfiidl with footmen, than was before of the other with 
 '' horfemen. Thefe words, both the horfemen f'who bare upon their own fhoulders thefpoils of 
 their enemies lying flain before their eyes in open view ) heard with great pleafure and content- 
 mcni.as meiuuing the hope of the future fpeed by the fortune pafTed l and alfo the footmen en- 
 flamed now with the glory of cthers(and namely^thofe that were of the Macedonian Phalanx) 
 wifhed with all their hearcs to have the like occaiion ofl'ered unto them^wherein they might not 
 only fnew their valiant fervice before the K.but alfo win femblable glory of their enemies. Thus 
 the aflembly was diffolved,and the morrow after the King marched forward and encamped upon 
 Jldofflitf.whkh is an hill htuat in the mid way between fempe and Lanffa^ The Romans remo- £ 
 ved their camp into a place of more fecurity .ho wbeitjuot far trom the bank of Periew-lhithtt re- 
 paired MifttrenesiVit Numidian,with icoo horfeand as manyfoot3berides2 2 Elephants. Now 
 asK.Pr^/efM during thefe dales, fat in Council what courfe to take as touching the m.ain conduft 
 of his affairs, when his coiirage was now well abated and not fo luffy for his late vi6tory,fome of 
 his friends were fo hardy astoadvife him to ufe this good fortune of his for the obtaining and 
 compafling of feme honourable peace, rather than upon a vain hope to carry his head alofi,and 
 engage himfelf and his whole (bte into fome hazard & jeopardy, out of which hefhouldnotbe 
 able to recover and retire into fafety. For to keep a mean and moderation in profperity,3nd not 
 over-confidently to ttult upon the prefent flattering fortune,is the parc(fay they)of a wife man in- 
 deed and truly happy. And therefore the belt courfe is, to fend certain men of purpofc unto the j^ 
 Cof.for to renew the league upon the fame condicions.^'vith which your farher PhiUf had accep- 
 ted peace heretofore of T.Oiiintiiu the conqueror. For neither (fay they) can the war be taken 
 up with greater honour and reputation, than after fo memorable a battel ; nor ever will there be 
 prefented more firm and affured hope of a peaceto continue for ever, than upon this occafion, 
 which will woik and mollifiethe Romans as a man would have them, to come onandaflTent to 
 any accord coniidering they are well tam.ed with the intcrtunity of this battell. But in cafe the 
 Romms upon an inbred pecviflinefs and engraffed periinacity of theirs, fliould not hear reafon 
 bntrefufe an indifferent end ,then both God and man fhall be vvitnefs,as well of the moderation 
 olPerfeiu-zs of their pride & infolentfrowardnefs.TheK.was willing enough togiveear to this, \ 
 and indeed never milliked fuch difcourfes ; and therefore the advice was approved by the aflent L ( 
 of the mort part ; whereupon embafladors were fem to the Cof. & in a frequent Council sfl'em- 
 bledjhad audience given them. Peace they demanded.andpromifcdthat Pafens fhould pay unto 
 the Romans as ;:,ieac a tribute a.? PA.V/p had covenanted for ; and likewife quit the fame Cities, 
 coafts,and teriitories. which Vh-.l-p had given up and furrendred. To this eff"e£l fpake the embaf- 
 fadors ; who being retired afide.the Romans debated inCouncil.and in the end .Roman conftan- 
 cy imported and had the upper hand : for in thofe dales the manner and ufe was, in time of ad- 
 verhtytobearalloutand fct a good countenance, but inprofperity to hold an even hand and to 
 ufe governance. Soagreed it was to return this anfwer, That peace might be granted with this 
 condition, That 'K.P er[-us (hoxAd permitfull and free power to the Senat of Romet fortodifpofe 
 both of his perfonand the kingdom of .^.;c^(^(?«v at their good pleafure.When the Embaffj-dors j^ 
 had made relation hereof,thiscon[fantrefoIutionandinvintibleperfift3nceoftheRomansmade 
 them to wonder again, asbeingnoc acquainted with their manners and faflnons: and mofl of 
 them forbad to m.ike mention any more of peace,fayiDg, That the Romans would be glad fliort- 
 ly to feek forthit of their own accord, which now at this prefent they loathed & rejefted when 
 it was offered. But /'fr/-^; mightily feared, that this arrogant fpiric of theirs,proceeded from the 
 confidence they had in their own forces; infomuch ashe gavenotover fo, but afl'aied to tempt 
 the Cof.it haply by augmenting the fum of money, he might buy peace at any price & reckoning 
 whatfoever.Bnc feeing him nothing to comedown nor to alter one jot from the firfl anfwer; in 
 dcfpair now ot all peace, he returned to Sycurium from whence hecame,purpofing once again to 
 I ry the hazard of the field. Now the fame of this late fight of cavalry was flown over ^\\Greece•, ^ 
 anddifto^ercd the minds and affections of men: for not only they that took part with the Ma- 
 cedonians rejoycedio hear this news; but alfo very many of them who were obliged and be- 
 holden unro the Romans for benefits and favours received at their hands,and fome likewife who 
 had tailed oftheir violence and proud government. And this they did for no other reafon at all, 
 but only upon a foolifli and perverfe affection like to that wherewith the common people ordi- 
 narily is carried away in the beholding otdiiportsand triall otmafleries, even to favour ever- 
 more the weaker and him that taketh the foil. 
 
 At the fame time Lnrretim the Prxtor had with moft forcible means aflaulted the City o^Ha- 
 li.irt'ss in Bwotta: and albeit the befieged defendants within were relieved by noforrain aid,but 
 only theyouth ottheCoronxans^who atthebeginningofthefiegeentredthe City)nor hopedg 
 for any to come ; yet they flood out and made rehftance with courage of heart more than with 
 Jlrength of hand .-for they iffucd forth many rimes. and allied upon the fabricks andengins of the 
 cnemy,yea & vylien the ram approached hard to the waiijthey let fall thereupon a mighty weight 
 and counterpoife of lead and fo dcpreffed and drave ir down to the ground. And if haply the ene- 
 mies who ran with theramagaind the wallavoided the device of theirs.laid battery, and fhook 
 it in iome other place ; the townfmen withiU; raifed prefently with great fpeed another mord, 
 
 piling
 
 7 he rtPo andfirtieftb Boo\ of T.Li vius. 
 
 '♦ -X P^ing up hafiily the ftones one upon another,which they found lying amon{^ tht very rnins bftTie 
 breathes. The Conlbl feeing this manner of ferviceby way of ordnance and battery, to become 
 flow and cedious, commanded to divideladders amongli every company, and purpolcd to invelt 
 the City round about with the Efcalado;luppohng that the number which he had would be fof- 
 ficient to exploit this enterprife,becaufe on that fide whereas the Town is cnclofed with 3 marifli, 
 it was bootltls for rather unpolfible) to alTault it. Himfelf in perfon prefenred 2000 cleft fnuj- 
 diers before that parc,whereas two turrets^and all t he wall between was beaten down and over- 
 ihrownitoihe end that in the very inHant^whilesheaflaied toentcr at thebreat hcs the townf- 
 nicn fliould run all thither to repiilfe him, and in the mean while the wails void ot defendants 
 might infomepart or other be fcaled and won. But they within bellirredthemfeheslufiilytc 
 Bgive him the repulfe. For having piled in the very open breaches a mighty number of faggot? 
 made of drievine cuttings and fuchfmallbruni, they Hood ready with tbmin'? firebrands and 
 burning links.lhreatning ever and anon to kindle the lame and let all onfire,to the crd that be- 
 ing defended from the enemy by the means of fire between,they might have time to oppo'e an in- 
 ner countetmurc againlt them. But by milchance this device and enterprlfe of theirs was em- 
 peached, For there poured down on a fuddainfuch a mighty fhower of rain that thefcwclWould 
 Boteafily take fire,and look whatwasfet a bnrning,it foon was quenched again. By which means 
 rot only thepaflage was made open between the fmoking faggots drawn apart one from another 
 here and there,bnt whiles they all intended wholly the defcni.e of that oneplace. the vvalls were 
 taken at one inltant by ladders reared up againlt many and fundry parts thereo'. In the f.rli heat 
 C upon the winning ofthe City, old and yong,fuch as chanced to come in their way, without any 
 refpeff at all of age wereput tothefword. [he armed fouldiers fled into the Cartle, and the next 
 day being part hope to make good the place, they yeelded and were all fold under the girhnd in 
 portfalejto them that would bidmoft^tothe number of 2500 mentor very nccr. The ornaments 
 and beauties ofthe City as Hatues,images, painted tables and pictures, and whatfoever was found 
 in the pillage to bear abetter price, was caried to fliipbord, and the Townit felfraied from the 
 very rouftdations,and laid ev en with the ground. From thence the army was conduced to Thebes: 
 which bting won without anvrefittancc he put into the hands ofthe banillied perfonsand thofe 
 that took part and f.ded with the Romansibut thofe ofthe contrary fa<5fion,fuch as favoured thq 
 King and the Macedonians, he fold by whole families in open market to the belf ch.ipmen.Having 
 £> performed thefe exploits in />'d:»f/<i, heretiredhimielfto theSea fide to hisfhips. 
 
 Whiles thele affairs pafled thus in B^iti.i^ Pcrfen, lodged forcertain daies in camp at S)curiiint, 
 Where being advcrtifed, that theRomans made grcathaft toinnthecorn newly reipeddown, 
 and tocaryitfrom all parts of the fields unto the leaguer, and that every fouldier before his tenc 
 cut and flued off the ears as they lay bound in flieaves, to the end they might thrafli and drive 
 out the cleaner corn, by which occalion they had made great heaps of flraw throu;..hout allp.irts 
 ofthe campjhe fuppofed it was an eafy matter to fet all their cents and pa\iMonsonfi e.Wher-; 
 upon he commanded to provide torches, links and balls madeof tow bcfmeared with pitch and 
 tar: thus provided and furniflied;he fet out at midnight, that by the dawning ofthe day. he mighc 
 put this device in execution without being def. tied before. But illcametonoihing;ror the tor- 
 fc mod corps ilc ^uardikhovoh they were furprifcd with this fuddain coming, by their trouble and 
 affright awakened and railed all the reft, and immediatly the alarm was gi^ en ; fo as at one inltanc 
 the fouldiers were ready and well appointed at the gates, and upon therampier bent and preft for 
 to defend thecamp. /'(r/«//likewiie incontinently turned about with hisenhgns.putting his far- 
 dage and carriage befoi?e, and thencommanded the infantry to march after: himfelf with the ca- 
 valry and light-armors ftaied behind to fortify and guard the rereward,fuppofing^'as it fell ont in- 
 decdj that the enemies would make after to charge upon the tail ofthe marth. His light armed 
 ibilldiers had fome (hort skirmifliing cfpecially with the torlorn hope and loofe avant-courriers,; 
 but the horfe and foottrien both,retired without any impeachment into the camp.Thus when all 
 the corn \vas cut down about thofe quarters, the Rom.ms dillodgcd and remo\ ed into the tcrr- 
 Ftory ofr/-4««ci^, whichasyec wasnot endammaged. Whiles they lay encamped infeairity and 
 milirurting nothing Cbecauie the enemies were fo faroff,and tA reafonthat the way between Sy- 
 cnri:i;» and Crannoi was fo difficult for want of water ; ) behold all on a fudd. in early in the 
 mornirtg by daylight, the Kings cavalry and light armedfouldicrsniewcdthcmfclves upon the. 
 hills that overlooked them from above, and put them into great trouble. Departed they were 
 ftom Sycwr/wwatnoonthe day before, and had left the infantry behind about the break of day 
 upon the plain next thereto. For a while he (food upon thofe laid hiils.hoping that the Romans 
 itiight be trained forth to an horfe-fight. But perceiving them not to flirat all, he fent one or:i 
 Korfeback to command the footmen to retire again to Syainum^ and himfclt in perlon followed 
 Ureight after. TheRomanhorfemenmadeafteraprety diftan.e off if haply they could ipie any 
 Q. vantage in one place or other to charge upon them , disbanded aud ftragling afunder. But w hen • 
 they faw that in their difmarch they kept clofctogether.follo wing their guidons and keeping tlieit 
 ranksjthey alfo returned into the camp. After this, the King weary of makinoff) long jonrnies di- 
 flodgcdandrefnovedto AfopftHm, The Romans for their part likewife having mowed down all 
 rhe corn of Cr<?>;»or,pa(red into the territory of Ph,ila>!»irnK. The Kinghaving intelligence by a 
 ^ne^aterev6lt,th3t the Romans were fcattered all over the fields and reapin?. tlieffandmg co^a 
 *!thoutariyguardof armed men made a rode with 1000 horfe Sc :oooCandicrs?-.'Thracia,rfsp 
 
 kkkk ' vvbp
 
 Q24 The wo and fortieth Boo\ o/T.Livius, 
 
 who marching wiih as greathaft as poflibly they could,fet upon theRomans at unawares all un-H 
 provided;where he took a thoul'and carts or thereabouts^together with theirteamsvtnpft of thctn 
 laden.and upon 600 men behdes. The guard and conv oy of this booty into the camp he commit- 
 ted to the charge of 30oCretenrian?. Himfelfhavingrallied his cavalry difperfed here and there 
 bufy in execution,and reunited withal therein ofthefootmenled them to the next <rorpi<ifjj^«<«rti 
 orgarrifon of theenemies,fuppo^".ngihat with little ado they might be.furpriied and vanquifhed. 
 L. Pomptiusi Colonel had the commjnd of them, who feeing his fouldiers atf righted with this 
 fuddain coming of the enemies retired with them to anhii;necr .11 hand-jor to defend himfelf by 
 the V antage and lirength of the pUi.e,conf!dering that otherwile in number and forces he was too 
 weak. VVhere alter hehadcalt hismen into arirg, for to ward againll the fhot of arrows and 
 darts by a roof and tence of targets couched clofetOi,ether over thtir heads: F^r/fwr having envi- I 
 roned the hiliround about wiih armed men, commanded fome to mount up and alTay to win the 
 place onall parts, iipolTibly they could and then to fight i.iofe hand to h,\nd .'oihers he charged to 
 ian.e their darts andf]->oot their fliatts thick atthem a t.it oft. Tfe Romans were befet with a 
 double fear ; lor neither coud they maintain skirmuli and fight dole togtther.becaufe of ihofe 
 wholaboured to climb the hill : and fay they had broke .iny ranks vvith excurfionsandoutrodes 
 iipon them, yet wcretheyexpoled and lay open totl;e fliot of a.rovvsand darts. Moff hurt they 
 had by certain weapons alkd Cijirojphefjdot.tciiiing,- d^n^.] A new kindofdait this wasard late- 
 ly de\icd in the time of this \ery war. It had a fhsrp head of iron the length of two hands 
 breadth; and the famefetfalf in a Heel which was hah i.ubit long. aod ;iboutihe thicknes of a 
 mans fii-)ger: for to fliedireftandlireight, three leathers it had abofn;'.4,in man of a fliafc: the K 
 fling from the middle part had two cords of an uncqmlfize: no.v w^cnas theflinger fwungic 
 abojr, as it lay even poifed in the greater capacity of the leaiher thong c,.: flew the dart and was 
 driven with violence like a bullet. Many of the fouldiers being very it»fe,i\,ijunded as well with 
 this weapon as all other rortsTot fliot fo as now for wearires ihey wcE-,iv'"r e able to bear their 
 own armour .-the King was earnedly in hand with them toyeeldand Uibmir,aliiiringthem upon 
 histaithfui word their lives, yea andotherwhilesp.omifed themrewardsand rei.ompences. But 
 there was not amanwhofe heart enclined oncethereto.Now as they (t.^od thus ftifF and refoluc 
 to die there Hione upon them a little comfort and fomehcpeofeVariopbe-ord all their e.\pe6ta- 
 tion. For certain of theforragers and lornpurveior,-. who hiifned to flie for refuge unto the 
 ca-irp brought w ord unto the Confuljihat the corf J de^ti^i> d ?■ forciaid was befieged roimd: wher- L 
 nponbeirgmoved with the jeopardy wherein io many citizens Hood (for about 900 they were, 
 and all citizens of iiow.e) he went forth oithecamp with tiie cavalry tnd light armed louidiers, 
 and unto them joyned certain new fuaours of the Niimidiansas weli horfe as foot, together with 
 the Elephants: and gave commrndmcntro the martial Coknels, that the enfigns on he legions 
 fi;oi;]d follow after. Himfelf in perfon marched before to ward the hill aforelaid taking with him- 
 a certain number of skirmifliers, for toOrengthen the light Armedauy.ili.ities. Eumenes., ^tta/my 
 and /'^/rfjrf;,'<'jalfothe Kingof thcNiimidian- ilankedtheCo'. on either ;..le. When as the be- 
 fieged Romans had a fight once of the tormoitenligns of ttieir friends and tellows,they took com- 
 tort and coutJge again upon their former extreamdefpair. Ptr/f/^, whobadpurpofed in thefidt 
 pla.e not t.ofpend any long time in iayirg r.ege to this corps de^^.'it'.rd but to content himfe,fwiih M 
 the fortunat (uae\'s whivh at a venture hapned, in that he had taken and ilain '.ome of the forra- 
 ger..:lecondly(whcnhc was in fome fort em ted into that affi on) to depart (whiles he had means 
 thereof) without any damage received, as knowing that he had noltren^th; tofpeakof, about 
 him : yet puffed up and caried as it were above the ground with the conceit ot his lare good hand, 
 both Oaid in perfon to attend the enemies coming and alio Tent outinallhaft forthe LMacedo- 
 nianj Phalanx. Which coming later than the preient no. ellicy required /'albeit in great haft they 
 hjrrted) it fell out lb, that they were toencounter(trcub!cd and difordredas they were in run- 
 ning) their enemies that were well appointed aid provided afcrehand. And theCof, who had 
 f»revented them p:efent;y welcomed them with ba.taii. A: the tiril the Macedonians made refi- 
 ll an. e ;but afterwards being in norefpefi equal unto the enemies, after they had loft three hi^n- N 
 c!"red footmen with forr and twenty oi the molf forward and bra\c-(i horsemen out of that cornet 
 which thcv calls. rfr/! (amongft whom- /■;;;n/^j;.'(r/.v.j alio t!-cir Icaderdied) they endeavoured to 
 retire and be gone. But the way by whi.li.thcy were topafs, was more tronblefome tofpeakof, 
 th.in the skirmidi and bat tail it (d: 7"he Phalanx beiig fent unto by a mcflenger in haft,and coft- 
 dui^cdas hallily, encountrcd affront in a certain llreight a troop ofprifoners, and likewifeibe 
 waggon.-charged with corn. VVho being hid :.i to give way, thereupon arofe a great trouble as 
 wel of iheonepart as thecther ; whilesnomantookheed how to march in order: butthe 
 armed onldierscaft down and overthrew the heaps of fardage and baggage, forotherwife there 
 couldno way be inade: and the draught-beaftsbeins pricked and provoked forward raged and 
 nnade fen! workin the preis and throng, tiardlyand with tiuc hade were they difengaged and q 
 rido' this conlutedanddifordercd company ofcaptives, when they met with the King his com- 
 pany and the horfetriendifcomfited. Inwhich place, the noife which they made crying nnto the 
 Phalanx. Back again Ba.k again made a fright among them asif there had been fomething ready 
 to fall upon their heads: in fuch fort as iftheir enemies durft have cntred into the ftreight and pur- 
 fued farther after them, no doubt they bad received a great overthrow. But theConfukontentll^ 
 himfelf with a tnean good handjn tliat he had refcued and recovcicd his corps degmrd from off 
 
 the 
 
 1
 
 life three dndforlieih Boo{^ ofT.Llvm. 
 
 A the hill, retired with his forces into thecamp. Some write that there was a great battail fought 
 thatda/, and how 3ooo enemies were flain, and among them Ss/^.j^fr and ^/zr//).«v;- two of ths 
 Kings Capcains. Alfo thatthcrewece taken prifoners about 2400 : and military enhgns 27 cnried 
 away. Neither was the viftorycafily gotten but colt blood, for not fo few as 4;; 00 wereOainof 
 the Confui his army,and five guidons of the left wing lofl.This journey recomfotted the Romans, 
 but darned and quailed Perfew in fuch fort, as after he had liaid a few daies at A:/opf/um^efped~ 
 ally about cnterring the bodies of hisdead fouldiers,and left a fuffident garrifon at Go»nos,hc re- 
 tired his iimyimoMacedo»y, leaving alfo at "PW.? one o' his own Captains mnrxd Timarheut, 
 withfome fmall forces, whom he commanded 10 aflay the Ma-nchans and the borderers adjoyn- 
 ing. When he was come to PeB^h he dilmifl'ed his army out of the field, and fentthemto their 
 
 fi wimring harbors, but himfclf together with King rof;i went to r/);j(^^/c»/fd, ^ 
 
 Thither news camcjthat AtUsbius a pety King of the I bradans, and CorrAim a Captain under 
 King £«/»tf>re/,had invaded the marches of Cof;/,and were mailers o- the country whi h ihey all 
 M^rene. And therefore fuppoling that he muli needs difchargeC (77/ tolook tothedetcnec f his 
 own realm, he beliowed rich prefents upon him at his departure : and gave him 200 talent? lor 
 fix months wages ofhiscavalry, whereasat the beginning he purpofed to be at ihechargeofa 
 whole years pay. 
 
 The Confui after he heard that Perseus was goncapproached with his army neer to G'<j»>»o/,aha 
 there lodged ; if hsply he might force and gain that alfo. Situat it was over againlf Ten:pc^zt the 
 Very mouth and gullet of ihejheightsard is the very frontier Town.yeeldirg both a moH aflure<i 
 
 C defence and ftrength to all Macedo»y,in6 alfo a commodious pjfiage for the Macedonians to en- 
 ter into Thejfaly. And being a place impregnable, as well for ihenaturall fite thereof, as, the (Hong 
 garrifon therein planted, he gave over the cnterprife. So turning and bending his way into Per- 
 rh^hia, after he had forced MalUaat the firit aflault and put icio the ranfai.k ; ai)d received TrU 
 felii with the reft of F«-r/i«^»<i,yeelded by compoliiion,hereturnc<:>toLrfr-///4. And then having 
 fent Eumenes and Att^lus home into their own count ry,and bellowed Mifi^efies and the Numit 
 dians in diversCities c^TheJfalyncci at hand,to remain there tor the wintertim j^nd difributed 
 part of his forces throughout all TheJfJy, in fuch fort, thatnot only they had aiicommodioni^ 
 wincringibut alfo lerved in (lead of gairifons to the Cities. Q^.Mfitim his Lieutenant be lent wiil^ 
 a regiment of 2000 men to guard ^^/wj^r./a.i and kcepit in obedience. All the confederals of thi 
 
 p Greek Cities,fave only the Achianshelicenfed to depart. Wirhonepartofhis army he went in- 
 to Theffuly in Phthiit.wbeK he rafed down to the ground i'/Ja./w abandoned of the inhabitamSo 
 But Antronahe won with the good will oftheTownfmen. Then afterward he jpproached be- 
 fore ^<ir//<» with his forces. TThe City was left defolat, for all the people were retired into the 
 fortrcfs,the which hebcganto affault : and firlf the Kings garrifon of MacL-donians quit ihepla-e: 
 of whom the Townfmenbeing forfaken and left to themfelveSjUibmitted incontmently.Thi nhe 
 flood in doubt whether he fhould aflail DemetnM fird.or have an eye and look into the troubles 
 and flate of Baotia. For the menolT/'^^^ibeinggrievoufly moleltedand annoiedby th i"e of 
 Coro«.«.i,had fent for him \nr.o BMtta: at whofepraiers, thither he conduced his army ; and je* 
 fides, Bdotia was a country more commodious to winter in than AfufHe/m. 
 
 The three and fortieth Book 
 
 ft 
 
 Of the Hiftories o/T. Livius of Padua, from the Foundation 
 
 of the City of Komc. 
 
 The Breviary of L, Flonu upon the three «nd fortieth Book.' 
 
 Divers Pretori were judicially condemned , for demeMin^ th. rufhcs with cruelty and Avmce tn 
 the adminijiration »f their Province. P.LiciniUsCraflus the Pro-conful.rvoi l>y force m<»y Cities 
 tn Greece, and cruelly rified them. For wbich rigour ofhii, the captives whom he I adfo/d u>idc r the 
 garland in opin market y were bjanorderdireSledoutoftheSenat, rejiored afterward to their former 
 efiate. The Admirals ofthe Roman fleets committed many outrages a>:d enormities i,gni>:fi their allies. 
 Befider, there are con p fed in this iook.-, the proffer ous affairs of King PerfeUS in Th.-jceyifr r he had 
 vanqu'fhedthe Da^da^ians andfuhduedlWyikom, whereof GcDl'wsrpa^ King. The troubles which 
 began inS'^im by meait of 0\0QK\M^ riere afpeafed by hit death. M.i£mylius Lepidns;»'^^rfA« 
 Cenfors createdfrejident of the Senat. 
 
 ' Tbt three andforiieth Boo{ ofT. Livius. 
 
 > ■ ■ .'> 
 
 He fame fummer, wherein the Romans wan the vlftory with horfe-fight in rhefalr.tht 
 Lieutenant being fent into jUyncumftom the ConfuLcompelled by torce and arms two, 
 rich Towns to yeeld; unt© which neverthelefs he gave all their goods again,to th^ end 
 that by an opinion of this clemency, he might win the hearts ofthe inhabitants ot 
 
 Gaa o z CarihSi 
 
 T
 
 026 ^^^ '^^^^ and fortieth Bw\ ofTLWms. 
 
 Crfr»K^ that ftrong City. But when he faw that he could rot ccnf win thtm torender^ro moreH 
 than io'ae them by lege; becaulehisfouldiersfhouldnotlecfin to ha%€ been wcaric<t for nought 
 inthebelicingoftwoTowns, hefelltoiifle and ranfack that, whi^hfeeforehe kit iittouched. 
 The other Conlul C.CfJfit*> neicher performed any mtmorable exploit in C^///, wViith washis 
 Province by lot ;and having endeavoured to condr<ft his legions thicngh llljrki.m'nio Al.cedo- 
 «y, all his defignment catre to no efte£t at all. That the Conlnl Was cmted upon this journey ,thc 
 Senac was cenified by the Embafl-idors of the Aqiiileians; who complained that their colony 
 newly ertfted was feeble, and not as yet well fecured among thofe fierce naiitni of QUrians aiitf 
 lliyrians : and withal they madefuit, that ihe Senat would provide and take order, thdtthe laid 
 colony might be fortified : and when the queflion vvas.pui unto them. Whether tbeyvvbuldbt 
 content th°2tcommilTionfl,culd be direfted unto C.C<a/7w in that behalt? they aniWered, That I 
 the faid C-'jfniu having affemblcd his army ac the Eendiz.voui in ^qmieia.yiss departed through 
 Sclavofn.'i into Mactdony. ■ Tlius.at fiiU was thought incredible, and every man luppofed verii/j 
 that he had been gone to le\y war.upon the Carnians haply or the Iftrians. The Aquileians were 
 able to reply no farther, nor a ftirm more upon their knowledge-than this,That allowance of corn 
 .was made for tre fouldiers to ferve thirty-daies.and fhatguids werefought andbrotsght outj 
 vvlio knew the waies out of /'<(/; into .T/..r.^3;.7. Hereat the Senate Cye may be (vire) took great 
 fnuffand was highly diipleafed, that the Conlu; fliould be fo hardy as prernme. to leave his own 
 provin e for to jjafs into that whiih belonged to another, ai:d lole.^d his aimy an unknown and 
 new way, and the fame dangerous, through flrangear.dforraintoijriries, thereby to open paf^ 
 fa^^e as it v\ere> for To many nations to com.€ into// ^:A-, VVhereuporim a frequent afTembly ci? ^ 
 the Senators, there pafieda decree. That C. Sulpitius thePraor fl.ould- nominn three Embaffa- 
 dorsout of the body of the Senat, fortodepart out of the City that pfeftnt day, tomakealltfcc 
 h-(l they poHibJy could to overtake the Conful wherefoever he vvas, andtogive him w.uningfo 
 levy no w.'.r againfl any naii^ without direift warrant from the Senat. And thefe Hmbaflidors 
 sMzni, x\imi\ylM.Coyyie!iif)Ceth€gus^M.Ft,hius.i and P.Afartfiis FTexi'The pr'e-fentfearasioucb- 
 Jng t he Conful, and the army^ was the occalion that the care offortifying' j^^hiUia vvas deferred 
 for th.it time, ; ' ' t ... . 
 
 il-After this, were the Embafl'^dors of certain-States inboih Pro^ inces ofSf;i/« admitted to come 
 into the Senate who complained of the covetoufnes and pride oi the Roman Officers and Go- 
 vernors amona them ; humbly beieeching the Senat upon their knees, Not tofufter them('beingL 
 allies and conederats) to be more lliameliilly pilled and ipoiled than the very enemies. Among 
 ctier indignities for whithihey fliewed themfeUes aggrieved, notorious it was, ihattheiaid 
 Magifi rats had taken bribes, yea, and ufed extortion in wringing mony trom them. Whereupon a 
 cotiimi|{ion\v,isgrantedtO'L.r«;?»/(,-/j/s the Pretorfunto \vhomS/)^/>/by let was fain) to ordain 
 ^ve jndqcs orcommilfionersf'andihofe out of the rank and degree of Setiators) for every peffon 
 nfwhorn the Spaniards claimed to recoverfnch monies ; and likewife to permit the plainiifs to 
 Tike unto thetn what Advocats and Counfei they would. Then, after thofe Embafladors Were 
 called again into theSen^st, this decree and att of the Senit was read untothem, and willed they 
 wtre to nominat their Advocats ; who ncmed four, to wit, Al. Percins Cfito-, P. CorneliusSnfio 
 i.hejon ofC;?..'//, L. JEmyimt Pan/uiiUn ion oi Ji3.ircaJ, and C.Su/pitinsGaUfts. And firft they M 
 took commiinoners to proceed againft M. Ticinius, who had been Pretot in the hither Province 
 orSpi«, when ^«, M.?«/.'«.f ind M, Jwa?/// were Confuls, Twice was the caufe of the accufed 
 party adjourned to a farther timC; but at the third fefiionhe was quit and found unguilty. Then 
 rr© e fome variance arddilTention bet ivecn the Embafladors of thofe two ProvitKcs.TheStates 
 nfthis higher Spain, took for their piafrons and Advocats, M. Cmo and Scpio'ihey of the farther 
 ?nd lo\verS/)j/w, made choice ot L.Taatus^^in^ Galh'.s Sulphnis. They ot high Sp.««convemed 
 before I he delegate judges, P. Furius Philas j the other of the bafc Sp.t;«, M,M,-!tif» :s. Philftihidi 
 l-veen L. Deputy i here three years palf, when S/), /'tfy?/;«»;;W and i^. M«f<«j were Cocfuls; hue 
 this Matiir.tii two years before, during the Confulfliip of L. Poflhumins 3r\A M. Vpilim. Char- 
 j'cd they were both 01 them with right grievous matters and imputations, and a farther daygran- N 
 ted ofannal judgment : butwhenthey were toanfwer judicially ag.iin, they made default, artd 
 for excufe it vvasalledged, that they were both out of thecountry ; and fo they departed into 
 vo!unt:,ry exile, Furiusio Prane/Ic, and M.?f/>«»^to Tyi'er. The voice went that the patrons 
 of the pl.iintifs would not luffer them to follow procefs ftiilagainft fuch noble and great perfo- 
 nages : andthe iiifpit'ionhereolwas more pregnanr, by reafonchat C<?w/fiv;thePretorlet this 
 matter !a!l, and began to take muliers and levy fouldiers for the war ; and fo forthwith d'\ted:\y 
 went into the Province, to thecnd that no morcmen fliouid be brought into queflion and trou- 
 bledby ihefcSp.miards. By this means, all former matters pad were buried in faience and no more 
 fpeech made of them ; but for future time, t! c Senat took order and provided for the Spaniards 
 fo well, that they obtained animmunityThat no Roman MagiflrateOiouldhavepower and au- O 
 thorityrofet the price upon any grain nor forcethe Spaniards to fell the F/ff/wfj at what, rate 
 hepleafcd to lctdown:alfothatthere fliould henocommifficners appointed within their Towns 
 for the gathering and receiving of the revenues and mony ifluinsirom thence, Befides, there 
 came another embaffy of a fort of people out oiSpaifj, after a new and flrange manner : forthere 
 were above four hundred pcrl'ons, avouching themfeives the children o! Roman fouldiers and 
 ^f.anini women no^c joined in wedlock: who appeared before the Senat and befou°ht them, for 
 . ' ■ " " to'
 
 The three and fortieth Boo\ of T.Livitis. 027 
 
 A CO allow them a Cicy to inhabit. Whernpon ordained it was, That they fliould enter their names 
 add be matriculated before^heir Pretor L. Qa-.uleius : and Jock whomloever otcbem he aftran- 
 chifed and made free, thot'e they thought meet to be lent to L.ineiu neer the Sea hde, and there 
 planted :3(fo that thofe Carreians,vvho were willing Hill to keep home and remain there, fhouid 
 be priv iledj^ed as Coloners and fo enrolled, and to enjoy befides a portion ot Lands afligned unto 
 them. This was a Latine colony, and was called thf Colony of the Libercins. 
 
 At the Tame time there came as tmbaflador out oi ^fncl^, Gulujjfa the ton of Mafayiijfa^ and 
 likevvife the Carth.iginian embaflage.Gw/w//^ firll was brought into the SenatJwho dajared what 
 his fatherhadfenc unto them againU the Mai.ecionian :promiling withal- thaiit itpleafedthem to 
 impofe more upon him, be would be ready to pertorm the fame in remembrance of the beneritS/ 
 
 B rei eii ed from thepeopie of Rome: finally,begave the LL.of the Senat a taieat by the way to take 
 heed that the Carthaginians deceived tiiem not in the end: for that refolvedthey were and wenc 
 in hand to prepare a great navy under pretence or fending it to the Romans againii the Macedoni- 
 ans." Which i' it iVere on^e ready rigged and turniniedjit^was in their choice then, to make whom 
 they would either iriend^ or foes. *♦*',,/ , * . * 
 
 Being entred the camp and (Lewing the heads aloft, they firu^k fuch a fear, that if immediatly 
 the .rmyhad tome forward and ads am ed agairiH them, the camp jaight have been won: and yet 
 even then as it was they fled amain: anj lome there were ^vho gne their opinion, to fend Em- 
 baff^dors to tre.it and with praicrstoinrreat forpeace. Upon the news reported hereof, many Ci- 
 ties fnbmitted and were furrendred.Suth as mideex uie and laid the fault upon the tolly of two 
 
 V peribns only, who hadof their own accord offered themfeh es to be punifhed, obtained pardon 
 or the Pretor. And then forthwith he went in expedition againd other Cities ; but finding them 
 ailreatfy todoWhatfoevet they were commanded, he pafled quietly with his army thron^h that 
 countrey in peac^, which but a while before was all up in arms and on a light fire.This lenity ofche 
 Pretor, which he ufed in taming and fubduing this moll herce anrfproud nation without effufioQ' 
 of bloodjwas by lb much more acceptable tothe LL. of theSenatajpd the whole body of the peo- 
 ple, as the Conlnl L/c/«;/.'i and the other Pretcr Lucretius had warred in Greece wii h oreatcr cruel- 
 ty arid avarice. As tor Lucremu, the Tribuns of the Commons acc ufed him daily in their ordi- 
 nary Orations be' ore the people for his abfen-.e : Not withllanding his excufe was alledged. that 
 abfenn ha was, and employed about the affairs of the State. But in thofe dales, fo unknown were 
 
 Dtbidg'! dOiiehard 'iy that even at thupreient he was at hislarm within the territory of ^»{;«?w, 
 and bur. in cort.ei^hing a conduct of water out of the river CoraciKato Antmm : thechat'^es 
 whefeoTbe defnied with the money railed out of the fale of prizestaken trom theenemies.Some 
 fayrhatheb-i gained to have that peece of wo.keffe<fted, for the fum ofa hundred and 1 3000 
 AlTes. Moreover he embelifhed and adorned the Temple of t/£/(r»/.fp;w, with the painted ta- 
 bles found in the pillage. The envy and ill will , the obloquy alfo and difhonor like to orow to 
 Imcreifui. turned upon his fu^^cflbr Hortenftw- by occalion of the Embaffadors of Ah(ierat-ti\iO 
 in piteous wile complained with tears before the Senar, that their Town was by Horteitjltn for- 
 ced and ranfacked: How the caul'e of this ruin and deliruftion of their City was no more buc 
 this, that being enjoined by him to make paiment of a hundred thoufand Denarii, and allowance 
 
 E of fifty thoufmd Modii of wheat they requc-i^ed fome refpit of time, wherein they mi^ht addrefs 
 their EmbafTadors, as well to Ff,ftiltus the Confulasnnto Rume, concerning this impofition. 
 For fcarcely were they come unto the laid Conful, but they heard how their City was forced,the 
 principal ciiizens thereof beheaded, and all the reltfold in port-fale under iheoarland. Thefe 
 were grievous indignities in the fight of the Sena r, whereupon they pafled the fame ordinance in 
 the behalf of the Abderits, that the year before had been dircifted in the like cafe as touching the 
 Corotix-ins; and .omminded the Pretor Q. Maiius topublilli thefaiddecreebeforethepu- 
 bli.k .'"flembly ofthepeope. Id like manner two Commiflioners were fent, namely, C. Sempro' 
 nts4s BUfus, and S.J:4liuj Cxfa.- for ro re-eflablifh the Abderits in their freedom : who alio had in 
 c+iarge to fignify from them both ro the Conful Hofiilius, and alio to the Pretor Horte^Jtis^That 
 
 F the Senate judged the hodiity offered unto the Abderits injurious, and the war unlawful, and 
 therelbre that all futh as were brought into fervitude, fhould be fought out and reflored aoain 
 fo liberty. 
 
 At the fame time prcfenration was made unto the Senat of certain complaints agMnftCC*?/* 
 Jifit who had been Conful the year before,and at that time was emploied in quality ofa Colonel- 
 marfhal together with yi.HofliliHs'm A^.icidi:»y. Likewife there arrived the Fmbaffadors of 
 Cina^ilus upety King of the Gauls. A brother of his having audience granted in the Senat made 
 a fpeech, wherein he complained that CC<«^«; hid given the wafl to the lands and territories of 
 the people inhabiting the yilps who were their allies and ccntederats and from thence had led a- 
 way into caprivifvmany thoufan^l perl on . And much at one inlhnt there came the Embiffjdors 
 
 G ofiheCarnians I'^rians and Japides withcomplain's igainfl C/jT?;//, That firll he had enjoined 
 themtofnrnifb liitn withguid- for to fliew arddiretl him thebefl way to march with his army 
 into Af.icedoyiy,ir)d 'o departed in peace from them.as if hehad meant ro warelle-where:bnr af- 
 terwards out of the midway of hi« journey,he returned upon them and in hoftile manner overran 
 their frontiers. robbing fpoiling & burning wherfoever he went;.ipd to this dav they cmnordevife 
 and know the reaton. wherefore the Conful fb ould hold them for enem'es and deal fo cruel' v by 
 them.As well the Prince of the Gauls aforfaid being abfent as thefe Embafladors in place received 
 
 Kkkk 3 thij
 
 02 8 r^^ *^^^^ andfmktb Bool^ p/T.Liviui 
 
 tWisTnfwccThat as touching the outrages for which they fhewed themfelves grieved, the i:' nat H 
 neither knew thereofbeforehand, that ever they were intended, dqt yet approved ot the fane, ^ 
 fmce they were Lommitted. But againfi all right and equity it.wete to condemn unheard in bis 
 own defence, and abfent, fuch a perfonage as he is, namely,a man who had been Conful; cocG- 
 derin" alfo that his emplcimenc about the C.W.is the occafion of hisabfence. 'WhenC.C^'ff'suii 
 once returned out oi Macedony.^ then ifthey would fhew ihetr felves and accufe him face to face,, 
 the Senat would hear che caufe and take knowledge accordirgly, yea; and endeavour that they 
 ftibuld be fatisfied and contented. Moreover, thought good it was,that,ihefe nations fhould noc 
 bedifpatched only with this bare anfwerjbut that Embafl'adors alio {hou;d be Tent : two unto ihe_ 
 forefaid Kingbeyond the Alps- and other three to the people above named for to acquaint them 
 with the refohuion of theLordsofthe Senat. And they gave order bcfides to lend preients to I 
 each of the Embaffadors to the value of two thoufand Afles over and above, to the rwo Prinrcs 
 that werebrethren, thefe gifts following, to wit, two chains of gold weighing alter they were 
 wrought five pound of gold: alfofive peecesofplateinfilver,amounting to the weight of twenty 
 pound: two bard hcrles withtheir riders ard lackies: likewife horfemens armour and their 
 caffocks: and liv eriei likewife for all thofe of their train, as well bond as free. Thefe were the- 
 things fent unto them. But at their own requeft granted it was befides, that they might for their 
 mony buy each ofthern ten horfeSjand he allowed to tranfpprtthem out oi Italy, TheEmbafia- 
 dors fent with the Ganls beyond the mountains, were C. LaUus and M.&myUtu Lepidus : to the 
 Cthei nmonsC.Siciiiiits, P. Cornelius BlaJfO,tiTldT,Me}}fmius, 
 
 Moreover, there met together in Romeii oncCjthe Embaffadors of many States both o^Greece K 
 f nd .^fm. And firQ the Athenians were brought into the Senat, who related , That they had fent 
 . Jinto the Conful P.L/c/wwand the PretorC. LucreiiusyVthit fliipping they had, and all the fight- 
 ing men they were able to make .• but fseing they had no ufe ofthem, they had railed a levy of a. 
 hundred thoufand Modii of corn. Which, albeit their land was but barren for tillage,and the very- 
 husbandmen themfelves liv ed of fonaincorn brought in unto them,yet they hadmade means to 
 do accordingly, becaufe they would not feem to be wanting in any dutiful fervice: and willing 
 rhey were yet, and preft to perform whatfoever they would require. The Milefians for their part 
 faidThat hitherto they had done nothing, marry they offred themfelves to be ready to accom-, 
 plifh all that the Senat fliould command them toward this war. The Alabandians (hewed, That, 
 ihey hadbuilt a * Temple to the City of ^owr, and ordained bcfides, thaiinthehonour of that L 
 Riflii' ) god- „o(j{Jefs there fhould be a folemnity of games and plaieS exhibited every year. Alfo,that they had 
 brought with them for a prefent, a crown of gold weighing fifty pound , to fet it up in the Capi- 
 tol is a gift and offering ioIup.Opt.Max. and withaljthreeliundred horfmens fhieids,which they 
 were mirdcd tobeflow upon thofe,unto whom it plealed them to appoint ondcommand.Theit 
 petitiou was, that they might be permitted tooffertheir prefent in the Capitol, and there tofa-< 
 orifice. The men cf Lumppicus came with a golden crown weigh ingfourfcore pound, protefting,' 
 That they had quit and abandoned Perfeus-, fofoon as ever the Roman army was arrived in y>/<j- 
 «^<?«7,notwithHanding they owed allegeanceunto Perfius^and were homagers to his father Phi' 
 //nbcforehim. In which confideration as «lfo for thit they had performed theirdevoir to their 
 full power to the Roman Generals, they requelkd no other favour to be gratified withal, but M 
 to be received into the amity of the people of Rome : and in cafe there (hould be peace concluded 
 with Perfeus., that they might be excepted and exempted in the accord, for being reduced under 
 his obedience. The refl of the Embaffadors had a gracious anfwer returned unto them. As for 
 IheLampfacens, order was given to^,yJ/<c?7/«< the Pretor, to enter and errolthem in the num- 
 ber of allies. Every one of thefe Embaffadors were rewarded with a prefent worth two thoufand 
 Affes, The Alabandians wereappoinred ro carry back with ihtmimo Mace do>jyt\\t\r GxitMs 
 aforefaid, and to deliver them unto >i./fo/?,//w the Conful. Over and betides, the Carthaginian 
 Embaffadors out of -^/nc^jmade relation that they had brought from thence ten hundred thou- 
 fjnd Modii of wheat, and five hundred thoufand of barley, which they had on fliipboard at the 
 fea-f de ready to cary the fame wherefoever the Senat would appoint. This benevolence of theirs N 
 they accompanied with good words, faying, they knew well that this gift and recognifance of 
 their duty, was inferior either to their own good will, or the demerits of the people of ^ow^, 
 Howbeit many times heretofore they had fhewed themfelves to do the part of thankful, faithful, 
 and truOy allies, in all things tending to the profit and good of both ftates. In like fort the Em- 
 bafladois of Alafinijfn promifed the fame proportion of corn, with 1 200 horfcand twelve Ele- 
 pliint!;, aflnring them in his name, to do whatfoever the Senate would impofe and fhould be 
 thought needful; and that with as free an heart as the benevolence offered of his own aao;d. 
 1 hank<; being given both to the Carthaginians and alfo to the King, requefted they were to cranf- 
 port over into Mncedony to the Conful A. Hoflilius.i thofe thingswhich they had promifed. To 
 theEmbaflidors were fent byway ofprefents,two thoufand Affes apeece. The Crerenfian Em-Q 
 baffadors, related how they had fent into Macedony fuch a number of Archers, as the Coni'ul P, 
 L-ci»ius had impofed upon them : and when they denied nor upon the quelHon asked, that there 
 fcrved more Archers of theirs under Per feus i\\3.xivi\x\\ the Romans, this anfwer w?? mtdeunto 
 them, That iftheCretenh?ns would well and truly nrd in good earnelf prefer the ^riendfliip of 
 the people of Rome before that of King Perfeus., the Senat of Ro.-7e likewife ir ould pivethem an- 
 t^mrr as certain and affured allies .-in the mean while^they fhould let their coumry-ir.en to under- 
 
 ftand, 
 
 <i:ri
 
 T mil it Ml I I ' "' -^~- '- -* " .__^_ 
 
 J be three and fortieth Boo\ of T.Livius» p 29 
 
 a fiand that it was the will and pleafnreof the Senat,thatthc Cretcnfiansflioiild with all fpeed pof- 
 r,ht rail home aU thofe fouldierS whom they had in any garrifon of King Terfcus. The Candiots 
 £"dSd wifh this dirpatch, then the bakiduns were called in : and at the very firft fight 
 of them it fooD appeared upon what termsofneceiT.ty they were driven to lend an embaflage: 
 Z^t^Micaor, the chief man among them,by occahon that he was lame with the gout ,n his teet, 
 was brouc^ht into the Senat in a litter. In which extremity dilealed as he wasthere was no plea- 
 d^no of an'y excule by his infirmity ,nor craving pardon, hnce he was to go wuhont when he had 
 aid"one Hebeganby way of prefaceand preamble, faying, "He had nothm- left alive but his 
 ' ' ton"ue,for to deplo e and bewail the calamities of his country : then he went torward and firft 
 *' fhewed what courtefies and good turns the State w henn he lived had performed to theCapta.ns 
 
 n " GeTcraUnd armies of the Romans^both ot old and alfo of late in the war again(lP.r/.«r. After 
 
 ^^'t^shedeclaedwLp^ 
 <c iad exerc feCon his'^-ountry'men , and afterwards what L. Horte.fi^^s prad^iled, at that time 
 aXvr/lr.rhers- alio how the Chalcidlans were refoKed to endure all calartiitier, werethey, 
 moreor^voSan hofe ^^^^ they prefentiy iuffred -uher than th.y would yeeld to Perfe.s. 
 .' And fstrZcreu.. and HartcfJ, they knew full well , that it had been better and more for 
 <« thch fafetv to have (huttheir gatesagainrt them.than to receive them into their City. For fuch 
 c' s had exldeS them forth^as^'namely.they of £;«^rW,^^/>A p,/,, 4/.r....-and .^.«/,rema.n 
 « ft Iknt re ndl good eftatei but with us (fay they ) the Tempies have been robbed of a 1 their 
 <' EtS ornaments,and utterly Ipoiled by thele facriledger.,C^.L«r,;../«; hath carried all away 
 
 C « bv water oleao Annum, and hath led away into bondage and captivity the perfons free born. 
 
 ' « So as the coods and fortunes of the aihes of the people ot Ronu,hoi^ have been and daily are pil- 
 <' led & rifled For according to the ufe & talhion brought up by CX.creUH^.HjrUr^f.us likewife 
 tc houfethh^s mariners as well in lummer as winter,and our houfes are ful of a rabble of thefe fa.lers 
 «c and fca-men in Inch fort as our wives and children be torced to converfe among iuch grootns as 
 « make no account at all what ejther they f,y,ot do Hereupon thought good it was^to fend for 
 ir..'«"^ntotheSe.nat, that he mightfee his accufer, anlwertace toface, and purge h.mfelf of 
 fhcfecS lenaes But when he was comeinplace,heheard much more in prelence,than had beet» 
 fpokeD ac S him \^ his abfence. Over and befides,there fl^ewed themfelv^ and jomed together 
 iaioft hfm two other more ftout adverfaries and bitter acculers, to wit, M.Iu^cmusTalva zr^d 
 
 nfer ^«S And tJaefe twonot only courfed him before the Senat, but alto having drawn h.m 
 
 ^nerVorceki^o'theceneral affembly of the people,and charged himbefore them with many reproa- 
 pertorceintotncocisci / r ^^g^j^j^j^l^^j. ^jj^j^y ^j.^ 
 
 ches,took out Pf ^'iE'^/^^' J^Xw t^ Preto° ,by order from the Senat,anfwered theChalcidians 
 before the peoj>le^Then ^j,f/J^« ^'^^ {e have well deferved ofthe people of Rome both 
 
 heretofore and alio in th pretent war novv .^, ^^^^^. i^vances 
 
 cepteth the ^^-^^l^'^^^^'l'^^^^^ hath pitied, and which L.W?..7?«. ftill 
 
 and complaints f^^.^^e le wd P^^^ ^^.^" • ; t, ^ave been nor are committed and done by the 
 
 praaifeth both Pretors °f^r^\'''"''?o, who would not judge fo o^' it, that knoweth hovr 
 will and aUowance ^^ ^^e Peopk^^^^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^ ^^^^^^^^.^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^ 
 
 E they levyed war upon Kmg P /.«^ "^ h ^ ^^g'^^ ^^^^^y ,h«s hardly be intreated by their Ma- 
 fet it at liberty ; and not ^^^ "heir all es and end^^^^^^ ^V^^^ L.Hortenl.s the Pre- 
 
 all convenient fpeed he (bould take oj^f^^Jl';^^'''^^™^ P ,h at no failer or mariner, but only the 
 freedom Laft o^^ll-^^^.^hey deemed it ^^^^^^^^^ n vo^ hou'xs. And thefe were the contents of 
 carters of n.,ps '^*"1'^ ^e lodged and ente^ta^^nedmyo^^^^^^^ ^^^^ theEmbaffadors 
 
 the letters vvritten unto H..r.^'A«'' by commandme^ he was allowed his 
 
 weregifts ^^^^^^^^'^'l^f'^'^'''^''''^^^^^ hefl.ould with all eafe ride ij. 
 
 F carriage in chariots at thecharges ^^J^^^^^^^^^ come,the Tribuns com- 
 
 them to BrH.Juhrn.hs for C-^/^^; '^^^^^en ^ J^ be a fined at a million of Afles. And in a gene- 
 
 the tribes, even thirty five and no fevver performed: for neither the enemies entred into 
 
 ^ ''7n"n"o£e'^as there any war but in M.cedo^y : howhdt they had in Jf^^;;;^!;;^;^^ 
 Kingof^hclllyrians ThereforetheSenareordainedto en^^^^ 
 ri,g.da.df.;Vmnin.ed ontotheL^ute^^^^^^ ,_^^^ ^Lf. 
 
 with th^ guard and ikength oftwoTfleanVellels , '"^"'," V" ,^f,u-cpnjre enrolled in that 
 ^u^1ierc:which0..ti.>.thePr.torbyawarrantd.rea^^^ . 
 
 qua: cer of Italy which heth oppofite to IllyricM. In like manner ttie v. j ^^^,^^_
 
 o - o "^be three and fortieth Booli «/ T.Livius, 
 
 Aptius Chudius into Illyricam with four thoufand foottnei, for to defend che people io thofe g 
 parts : who not content with ihofe forces of his own which he had brought with hidi thither, 
 demanded here and there aids and fuccours of the allies, until he had put inarms eight chouiand 
 men ot divers and fundry nations. And affter he had made his progrcfs through sH that regioDjbe 
 fet him down and relied at Lichriium a City ot the Daffatetians.Not far from thenc€ there flood 
 a Frontier Town ca'led UfcanaiinA for the moft part ranged under the obedience Of PerfeHs.TheK 
 were within it one ihoul'and citizens, and afmall garrifon of Ctetcfilians for their beicerfafei- 
 guard and defence. From thence there came to Clandim fecret courriers, advertirmg him-, that if 
 he would approach neerer with his army ^there would be iome ready at hand to betray theTowd 
 into his hand ^ and Worth the adventure it was (fay they) and would quit for all the paios: fox 
 able it was with pillage to enrich not himfeifand his friends only, bat alfo all his fouldier*. The I 
 hope of this cheat, fitting fo well his covetous humour, fo blinded h is fpirit and uncferfiandicg, 
 that he had not the fence to keep with him any one ot thofe courriferj th at came unto him, nor the 
 wifcdom to demand holt ages for aflnranceof his enterprife which was tobeaccomp.'ifhed by 
 ftealth and fraud-.nor yet the torecaft to lend out fcouts and effies,or fo much reafon and mothtt- 
 wit as to require tneir oath and bond ot faitbtui promife. Only at the day appointed he depaftied 
 from Ljchrtidftm, and within twelve miles of that City toward which he weiK ht encamped. 
 Then by night at the reliet ofthe fourth watcb,he removed and fet forwatd.leaving behind him 4 
 regiment ot a thoufandjfortheguard ofthe camp. A: lengtbjto iheCity rhey ccme^difordered ih 
 along train, mar:hing nothing clofe, but farafunderJaody onefroch another and icauered, by 
 reafon that in the night teafon they went many of them out ofthe way. This ne giigentc of theirs jf 
 was the more when they faw no man appearing upon the wall? : but lo loou av they were ap* 
 ptoached within a darts caft,thcinhabitant*iffued forth aionce'out of 2 gates and together wilth 
 the (hout of them that fallied forth, a might^ noife and oincty belidrs arole trom the walis,of wom 
 men howling, yelling, and ringing bralcn batons and bell&onevery hand jbefides,thecontBled 
 multitude of the bafe people and bond-flaves togtth«r, lit up moft hideous and diflboam cries. 
 Thefe manifold terrors prefented from all parts, werfe the r aufe that the Romans could not abid« 
 and Hand out the firtttempeftaild violent Itoi'm, asitwere, 6ftheirf=)lly and charge. Dx>wil 
 they went therefore and were flain more in flir-ht than fight; and fcarce looo menwith the Licir- 
 tenant himfelfjcfcaped and recovered the camp : for. the longer way they had thither, the more 
 means and opportunity had the enemies to chafe and overtake a great number ofthem, \»eaficdl, 
 tipon the way. ^pf/'f fiayed not fo long in the Ump, utjtilhe had rallied thole that wcredilper-s; 
 
 ity and lucri ether like mlSiortnnes hapningin /^r^cfdc'wy.were made known at Roniiy 
 
 by occafion of Sex, Bigitius a Colonel, who was returned home for to celebrate a folcmn facri-' 
 
 fice. Inrf gard whereof.theLL. ofthe Senat fearing to receive feme greater ignominy and dilho- 
 
 nour adQr>.fled Em'^affadors into Macedony-, Aijuhms Flat cits and M.Caniw/ts Reiuiur^to make 
 
 a true report upon tbeiknowledg how the world went there. AUothat >^. /fo/?«//«'theConfoI 
 
 *Adtiithtum fli""'^ piibl'O-i -the iflembly general for the eleftion of Confuls, foas it might be holdeninthc 
 
 teimloi s«p- mcmhnfja.m land then repair himlelf with all convenient fpeed to the City.Tnthemean time, jif 
 
 tembru- I M.Rej-usrhe Pretor had inch.irge, by vertueofanedift, to call home into the City all Senators 
 
 dwibt, that for from every quarer of /m/; unlefsfuchas wer^abfent about the affairs ofthe ftate: alfo to give 
 
 ftouldberF'-' '^'^'o^* warning to them whonow wcten Ronje, not to abfent themfelves fanhcrthanamiltf 
 
 bfl»rii . ] and from the City. Thele thinss were done according to the advice ofthe Senat. Sothegrand affem- 
 
 then is It the hly for the ele(5tion ofthe Confuls, was holden the * 28 day o^ Au^nfi ; wherein were created 
 
 i8of7««4>^i: Coni'uls Qj^Xmim Philipptts the fecond time, and Q^.ServiliusCcefio. Three dales after,the Pre- 
 
 rin''''thrprc.' ^^^^ ^'^° ^^"^^ chofen,namely, CMusDecimms^.ClaudmsMarcellHs.M.Salfitt^s G alius, C Marti' 
 
 cedent mef- '*:' Figitlus, Ser. Cor»e/iiis LentulHs, and P. FonteiusC.Tpito. Unto thefe Prerors cleft befdes the 
 
 fiee and the tWo charges within the City of civil jnrifdiftion, thefe four provinces and governments were 
 
 fubOrquent afllgned towif,Sp;»,S-jr<i<;7/<i,S/c/7r, and the admiralty of the navy. j«j 
 
 fuTtetb *«"/' ^^ ^^^ ^^^y ^"^ °^ Ff ^r/.try, the Embaffadors aforfaid returned out oiMacedony ; who recoUB- 
 
 to'ihe ftor"!"^ ^^^ '^^ ^^^ atchieved fortunatly by Verfeus the lummerpaft, and in how great fear the allies of 
 
 . To >be Gnd the people ot Ron-e Rood, after fo many Cities reduced under the obeifance ofthe King. Mcre- 
 
 ofBound^Tt?-- over, that the Conful his army was disfurniflied of men, by reafon that fo many of them made 
 
 '"'"'d' f'°waT ["^"'^^ '° ^^ difcharged and lo for fa ■ our had their pafs-pott and were difmiffed : the fault berc- 
 
 "c'wMrd'the" '"' ^^^ Conful laid upon the military Trihuns or Colonels, ?rd thry ag?in upon him. The LL. of 
 
 end of ?tbfut. the Senat perceived weifthat they mio: hut light ofthe fhameful fo"'! received by the incofifide* 
 
 iy the laft rate raflinefs of C/.7<£//»/,in faying, That there were but very few fouldiers loft ofthe Italian nati- 
 
 monthofthc on,andthoft for the molt part taken up in baft and enrolled on a fuddain. TlcCcnfuIs cleft fo 
 
 r"h'bVoW. '°°". ^' '^^y entred into their magil^racy , were r ommauded to propound cnro the Senat coii- Q 
 
 ri/2.»..^«' ft- *^c'^"'"°'.^i^P''o^'i''ceof M<jcf^o«7,and tothem wereafTij-ned the govrrnments of /r^/yandM/^fi?- 
 
 qu'tur anum <i'>7. This year vvas leap- year aud the third day after the feaft * TermmAlia was the day inferred 
 
 ■untrU flit id between, wh'( h hapned upon the calends [of Marr.'i,] Within the compafe ofthatyear certain 
 
 ''T "T'eo" ^^^^^^-^^ vi]t,Ljlami„i„s, and two Pontifies or BiHiops, L.Furius Philus 3nd C. Livius Saliva- 
 
 llmlrLmt, *or, departed this life. The coHedceot thefe Pontifies. eleftcd r.M4»/«xr#r^*<»r«jiijfteadof 
 
 fnU e/w, TtiriHSj and MarcHs Servilim in the room oiLiviM. 
 
 Jp
 
 The ibhe and fortieth Boo{ of T.Li vius* n 2 j 
 
 A Id the beginning of the year next following, after chat ihenew Cofl'. QJiUrtius and Q^.Servilt" 
 0/j had moved in the Senat as touching their provinces, ad vifcd ic was, That with all ipeed pofli- 
 ble they fhould either agree between themfeh es, or elfe ca(i lots for the governments in Icaly and 
 \n'MLMedo»f. And before that the lots determined this matter fo doubtful and unaTcain to the 
 end chat nothing attervvards fliould be done for favour partially, thought good it was, toordaiii 
 before hand a competent and fufticient number of fouldiers for the fupplement of the armies in 
 both Provinces ; namely, for /./^cf^aw; 6000 footmen of Romans, and as many of Latine allies ; 
 250 horfemeri Romans, and 500 allies : alfo tocafs the old fouldiers.fo as in every Roman leoion 
 there fhould not be above 6000 foot and goohorfe. As for the oiherConful.he wasnofa^cd 
 with any certain Hint ofRomanciti^ens,tobe Jciied for the fullaccompliflunciit of his legions, 
 
 B Only this was dererminatlyfet down, That he (liould enrol tvvo legions, and either ofthem toi 
 contain-5 200 foot and 200 horfe: but forfootmen of Latins, he had a greater number allowed 
 ihan his colleague ; namely, 1 0000 foot and 600 horl'e. Moreover, commandment wasciven to 
 enrol four legions tnore, to be led forth into the field, npon what need and occalionfocver 
 (hould fallout. The Marfhal-Colonelsofthearmy the Confulsmight.not be permitted to elect ' 
 but created they were by the people. The allies ot the Luine nation were enjoined cofet ouc 
 fixtcen thoufand foot and a thoufand horfe. And thispower wssonly tobein areadinefs at aii 
 hours warning, for to be led forthasoCcafion lliouldbe orfered. Their principal care \vas about 
 M.:e:dany. Ordained alfo it was, That for the fen ice at Sea, there fbould be enrolled to ferve the,- 
 navy, of the Roman citizens ffuch as \\'erelibertinsandnevvrlyenfranchi'"ed)oucofall parts of 
 
 C Jt.fly one thoufand, and as many out of^Wj-.j^ndunto whether of the Confuls the Province ot 
 MacedonyitWy he fhould give order for their iranfporting ibltheri tothearmado wherefoever ic 
 was. For ^;).i/»there were three thoufand Roman folotmcnand three hundred horfemen appoin- 
 ledto makeupthedecaied bands. There alfo, a certain number was fet down for every legion, 
 to wit, five thoufand foot and three hundred and thi ty horfe. Moreo\er, that Conful whole loc 
 yvas to govern in %pAin, had commiiriotvt'o"?..vyQfihe allies four thoufand footmen, and three 
 hundred horfe. 
 
 '. iam not ignorant, tint from the fame pi-ophsne regligenceandirreligion, whereby commonly 
 men now adaies are ot belief, t'hat the Gods porcend and fore-hgnify nothing to come by fipns 
 and tokens ; itproceedeth alio, IhK no prodigies which happeDjflionld any mere, either be pu-r 
 
 D bliflied and reported abroad, or recorded in the •annals mdehroniiles. Howbeit, for mine owii 
 parr, in writing ofrhefcae'^!; and monuments ofani-ient times, 1 know not how but me thinks I 
 cary a mind, th»t is become (as it were}antique a'lfo ; yea, and i'ome icrupulous devotion arifeth 
 in my fpirit which moveth me to account the things not unworthy to ha^e place in my hiHorie?j 
 which thofe fage fathers and mofl prudent perfonaces in old time thought meet toheconl.derecl 
 cfby the. State, yea, andto requirepublickejipiation. Weil to proceed from A-.iagr: a\se.xtt\so 
 fearful fights reported that year,namel y, That ahurning and blazing fl^me was feen in ihe skiejand 
 a cow known tofpeak,kcpcandnourifhedat the pubjick charges. AtM'.7'«?-;;<calromuch about 
 rhofedaies,the welkin feemed to be on a light fire. At R'eaie there fell a fhower that nined (iones. 
 In the fortrefsat Cuvia theimageof^fo.fo wept three daies and three nights continually. In the 
 
 .gCity of i?(7»;<r,twofextons or keepers of the Temples made report,the one,Tbac inthe Church of 
 fortune there was a Serpent feen by many men, crelled with a mane : the other. That about the 
 chappel of* Fortnna Pr/wrijfw.i, which (landeth upon the Capitol hill there hapned tvvo divers •fHOTp'';,-;,^!:,. 
 and different prodigious figns,namcly,That in the Lhappel-yard there fprungiip a pa'm-tree;and ^miiii' f^viite^ 
 all one day it rained blood. Two other llrange things there were, whereot there was norfojfd '''^^" ^'^ ^"'^ 
 nor account made; the firlf,becaufeic chanced in a privatpla^e; for r.M^rr;«j F/^«/«/ reported, q^aV"'-- ' 
 That there grew up a palm or date-tree m his court-yard: the ic^ ond ,becaufe ic h.ipned in a forrain ^/^ ; "^". *"*' ° 
 place: for fpoken itwas,Thatat Fr.(ff//<«in the houfeofM. Atrrns,3. hnceorfpcir which he had 
 bouglit forhisfon a fouldier, burned in the day time for two hours fp.ice and mere, yet fo, as the 
 fire confumed nothing thereof. In regard ofthofe public k prodigies, the Decemiir-; hadretourfe 
 
 F ro the books of5/^>/A/ : who out ofthem declared, Th it the Confols fliould I'acrifice forty head 
 of greater hearts, and they (hewed alfo to what Gods. They added moreover and gave advice to 
 hold apublick procedion, and that all theMjgiflrats at every flirinennd upon evciy alt,?r ofthe 
 Gods lliould facrihce greater beads, and the people wear garland^ and chjplets of flowers. A'l 
 things were executed accordingly, as the Decemursfuggelled and direfted. ,> 
 
 After this, the aflembly was pubiifhed forthechuhng ofCenfors. In eleftion there were for 
 this dignity of Cenforfliip, the very principal perions and of bell note in all the City, C. V.tkrius 
 L£vin»s,L.Pofthumttis Albtntis^ PMutius ScttvoUi C.J/tiiiif Brtttus. C.Cla.dius Ttild.er^ nnd Tit\ 
 Sempromus Gracchtss. Thefe two la(f rehcarfed the peop'e of /Jowf chofefor Cenfors, When as by 
 occafionofthe Macedonian war, a greater care was had aboutthe takingrofmuHers.th.mat other 
 
 Q times before, the Confuls found much fault with the common people and cotnpliined unco the 
 Senat, that the yong and able men for fervice being called would not anfwer to their names. Buc 
 C.SfJphiis and M. CUndmsiwo Tribuns of the Commons, m.iintained the caul'e ag.iinn ihcm in 
 the behalf of the Commons, faying, That it was no hard and difficult matter for Confu's to levy 
 fouldiers: mary.for corrupr,affe(5lion3t and popular Con uls it was not fo eafy a thing, and name- 
 ly, fuch as would be fure to enrol no fouldiers againfl their wills. . And to thecnd th.-.t theLL.. 
 of the Senate tnighc know this to be a truth, they fhoiild fee the Pretors (if ihc Senate vvere^j
 
 op "^be three and fortieth Ewf^ o/T;Lmus. 
 
 Co content, and thought well thereof) whofepower ofcommabd.aEdauthority ofgoverrtnectH 
 
 , ■• vvas * lefs than the Confuls, to go through with the muHers without empeichmcm. So that 
 
 Pf«o' Sin charge was comtnitted to the Preiors with the great aflent of the Scnaiors,but not without fomc 
 
 the Ciiy were backbiting and detratVion of the Confuls.And the Cenfors tor to aftift and fet forward that affair, 
 
 allowed but made it known, and prote(ied in the full aflembly of the people, that they would publifli tn a<ft, 
 
 two Lidors, ^^ fcuchin" the rev lew and ellimat of every mans demeanour and hability, that befides the ordi- 
 
 ti'nc.ai'Xo'^d nary oath of alUitizens, they (liovld fwear totbefe points in this formfollowing : Art thou «n- 
 
 in torrain puis def fix and forty years of age ? then by vertue of the edi£l made by the Cenfors C. Clauditu and 
 
 not abuve fix T,!,^ Sempronhis, come forth and fhew thy felf at the mufters fo often as there ftiall be any levy 
 
 apccce, whcr- ^^^.^^ . ^^^ what Cenfors foevcr fliall happen to be in place, thou ihalt appear and be enrolled, in 
 
 "lliVtul^'lZ cafe thou wert not a prert l^-uldier before. Moreovcr^becaufe the voice went,thatmany fouldiers I 
 
 tor 45=si7re- ot the Macedonian legions wereablent from the army, and had obtair-ed large pafports without 
 
 ^•Kuu'wh'er- limit Jtion of return^ and that through the corruption and favour oi the Generals, they publiflied 
 
 as tact. Con- an ediff as touching the foulditrs enrolled for yl^(«<:f^o«7,when/'.^//«/ and C./'tf;>//«/wcreCco- 
 
 ful had every ("uls, or any time alter, That as many of them as remained within /r<!/;i,after they were enrolled 
 
 where twelve. j„j rec-iHrcd fiiH under their hsnds, fliould within thirty daies repair again to their colours into 
 
 the province: and whofocverofthem were at the diipodtion of father or grandfire, their names 
 
 fliouldbeprefented and declared before them. Semblably, they would take knowledge of their 
 
 ciufes who were clean difmiffed and cafTed : andlook wboilifoever they judged to have obtained 
 
 theirdillhargebyanyfpecialgraieand favour, before they had fetved out their fiill lime bylaw 
 
 f quiredjihey would command them to be enrolled foilldiersagiin. By vertue of thisediil: of the ^ 
 
 Cenfors as alfoby their letters fent outanddivalged abroad in ali incorporat Towns and places 
 
 of refori for market and mcri.handife;there affembled together and came to Rime fuch a mukiiude 
 
 ofliVly yong, and able men, that their unufual and extraordinary number was chargeable and 
 
 cumberoUs to the City. Thus befides the former levy taken of tbofe that were to be fent and em- 
 
 p'oied in fiipply of the old armies,four legions mc"e were enrolled by C. Sulpitinnht Pretor, atxl 
 
 vvithin eleven daies the muflers were accomplilhed and ended. 
 
 Then the Confuls caft lots for their provinces. For the Pretors had their governments allotted i 
 unto them before, and the fooner,by reafon of the civil caufes which required their jurifdiftions. 
 The one over the citizens was fain to C. Sulpitius, the other over forrainers to C. Dccimitts. M, 
 tl-:!id'tis /I/.7rfir///.'j obtained I he regiment oiSpai^-, Ser<r.Cor»tUus Lentulus oiSicily, P.Fonteius'L 
 Cap'ic ruled S,irdi^:i.iX. Martins F'ji^ulHt had the conduit of the navy. And then, I fay, to ^.Sw- 
 vilta one of t he Confuls fell the government oi Italy, and to Q. Martius the other of Mocedouj. 
 This yiartitis fo foon as the Latine feaBs were i'olemnifed, departed toward his province imme- 
 diatly. After this, upon the motion oiCapio to the Senat to know iheir pleafure, which two legi- 
 ons of the new he fhould conduit into Gaul? ihcLL. ordained, That the Pretors C.5«/jp/'»;itt 
 and Af. Cl.ti.dius fliould give unto the Conful, which it pleafed them of thofe legions that they 
 had enrolled. This he took to the heart, that he a Conlul was thus fubjeffed to the will of the 
 Pretors; yet after the Senat was rifen, he flood waiting at theTribunal of the Pretors, and re- 
 quired I hem accordingto the order fet down by the Senat, to afTign him his two legions. But the 
 Tretors fubmitted the choice thereof ro the Cof. himfelf. This done, the Cenfors took a review {4 
 o' the Senat and thofe new Senators'and M.t/£m)li$u Lepidut was cleded prefident of the Senat; 
 and thefe were the third Senators that made thoice of him (.onicquently one after another. Sevenf 
 weredifp aced and dcpofed from their Senators dignity, No win taking the number of the people> 
 and in affeiTi g them,they compelled to return into Maccdony tho'e who were departed from the 
 army there: and by means of this affelment, they foon knew who wereablent from their com- 
 panies : they examined them for what caufes they were difcharged from fouldery j and whofe li- 
 cence they judged not 10 be grounded otgood and fufficienc reafon thofe they forced to take the 
 military oath sgain inthis manner and form : According to the edi6t oi C.Claudius it^A Tih.Sem- 
 pron'Ms the Cenfors,thou fhalt well and truly fwear, to return willingly and with all thine h^arr, 
 into the province of /W/7f<;'^v>7)'; and this flialt thou do to thy power without fraud or covin. In jq 
 making the review of them thatferved on horfeback,their cenfure was executed with great rigour 
 and extremity. They took from many their horfes of leruie : upon which occafion having given 
 oftenceto the whole edaie ofKnig' tSand Gentlemen of ^s/wr, they blewthe coalsand kindled 
 the fire of ill-will and heart-burning agamff tbemfelves : by a certain ediil of theirs befid^^' 
 wherby they intimned,Thcn noneofthem who in time that O.Fulvius and ylu. Pofihumiusthc 
 Cenfors bad t.>ken to farm the revene ws, fruits and profits of the City, or undertaken at a price 
 thepnblick works and provifions,fliould be fo hardy as to prefent themfelves to their fpear fet up, 
 either tobcfarmers or undertakers, no, nor to bepsrtners, or have any thingto do with thofe 
 thai were in fn negotiation, commerce and bargain. The old Publicans and farmers had 
 o!tcntimes. omplained hereoftotheSenat: but when they could obtain nocomfort from them; o 
 to moderate and abriogethisinFnite power of the Cenfors, at length they met with aTribune 
 of the Commons, one Rutiliust to Hand with them and defend their caufe ; a man who upon a 
 particular and private quarrel of hisown wai offended and bare a grudge againft the Cenfors. 
 And this was the occafion : They had commanded one of his late vaflals arid enfranchifed re- 
 tainers to pulldown a wall ftanding in the HreetS<i«-rf over againft a publick edifice; preten- 
 ding that the laid wall was built upon the City ground. The man a private pcrfon, calledumo 
 
 the
 
 X 
 
 ' — -i.^-^— , 
 
 I he three and fortieth Booh^ of T.Li vius» p 3 J 
 
 X the Tribuns for their lawful help and favour: but when as none of them all but only this i?«r///w 
 would meddle in the matter and inierpofe their helping hand , the Cenlors lent to ftrain and take 
 oaaes for to bind him to anlwer the caufe, and before the body of the people intended an saicn 
 aorinlf him.and let a grievous fine upon the head of that party aiorelaid. By means I lay ctthi$ 
 debate be''un upon lu.h an occafion, when as the old publicans betook themlelves tor lu.cour to 
 this Tribune preltntly there was a bill preferred and fnbu nbed with the name ot the faid Tribune 
 alone in this form, That what publi^k revcnews and prohisotthe State, CXh'udtusar.d T.Sem-> 
 promus had to farm let for a rent, or what publick works and provihonsthey hadput outtobe 
 made and purveicd at a price, the fame leafes and bargains lliould not (land for.good but becan- 
 celled, and new dcmifes drawn and made. Alfo that it might be lawtuli tor all men indifttrently 
 Reithcr to be farmers or undertakers of the premises. And the laid Tribune alTigned a day lor a 
 aenenlalTembly and felfion to have this bill to be call by the voaes ouhe people When the day 
 was come, iheCenfors advanced and put themfelves forward lodiflwade and plead againd the 
 bill So lon'^ as Gratchus fpake, he was heard with patience and lilen-e. But at CLmdnts, when he 
 opened his mouth, they hilled and kept a muttering, lo as he was lor.ed by an me^z. made by the - 
 crier 10 procure audience: which being made, the Tribune tound himfelf grieved and complai- 
 ned,ihatthe people therealTembled were withdrawnand called away trom.him, to the prejudice 
 
 " * ot hh authority and honour, and with that flang outof the Capitol vyhere thisaflembly was hoi- 
 den The ne't day hekeptav/eatcoiland madea loulHir: hrit, heinterdiaed the goods of 
 r,b Gracchus as condemned and accurled , for that in letting a fine, and rtreining gages of him, 
 
 C who had appealed to a Tribune, and innot obeying andcondekendingto his oppofiuon, he 
 fcemedto fet ll-h: by his Tribunes authority, and prejudice his reputation As^.oi C.CU:-d>ni, 
 he arreded him to anlwer at aday forthat he had withdrawn the alkmbly from him : nay, he 
 profefied that he would indite both theCenfors of treafon or felony in the highelt degree, and re- 
 quired of SHtp.t,us Pretor ror the citizens, a day of aHizes for their judicial tryal TheCenfors 
 refuled not to have thi. matter put to an ilToe with all fpeed and to be tried by the doom ot the 
 people So the time torthe hearing .nddttammingott;,ishainous.rime ofmajeljy ortrealon 
 aforela'id, was affigned the * dales immediatly before the eight .ndlevemh calends of OS.^rr. - ■•- 
 
 Upon this, the Cnfors incontinently afcended up into the Por.h ot Zl,^my: where alter they «« cT^.^ 
 had made fure and fealcdiliepublLk lleg.iiers and Records O^ut up and locked ai. the offies ^,;;^^^,,^.,^^,^l^ 
 
 n ouhe Chancery, and difchargcd for the time the pub.ukCiarks and proto-Notaries attending ,^ ^„^ ,^ ^ 
 npon that Couit, they protelted that they would not go.in hand with any pubh.k affairs ot scptemktr, 
 (taie, before the fenten^e and jndgmcm of the people were palled upon them. The day came, 
 and aa-td<u! firit pleaded bis own caufcandipakefor himielt : and when ot twelve Centuries 
 that were of Gentlemen, eight had found the Cenforguilty andcad him, yea, and many othec - 
 centuries of the firit Oa/fif. Then prefemly, the principal perfons of the City in the very light 
 of the people, changed their weed, laid away ti.eir rings and went about trom one to ano- 
 ther in humb.e manner, to crave the common to be^ood unto the Ctr.;ors. But that which 
 raoll of all either liaid or reverfed the definitive doom againtt him, was (by report) 7r^. Gr^c- 
 c;j//fhim'el; the other Cenfor: for that when the commons cried from allparts, that there was 
 
 E no danger growin- toward ■ , r.xchuf, he fware by exprels words. That i\ his colleague werecon- 
 demned hewou.d without attending the ludgment o: the people as touching, himlc.f) accom- 
 pany him intobaniniment. Howbeit thedctendant andacculed perfon, was driven to thisneer 
 point and hard exigent of extremity, thai he came wuhui eight ccniunesot being caft and con- 
 declined. Thus when Cl.i,uhi4j was acquit, the Tribune laid he would not trouble and moleft 
 
 'This vear at the earned fuit of the Aquileian Embaffador* unto the Senat for to havethenum- 
 ber of theircoloniesencrealcd:a;houfand and fi\e hundred families (by vertue,ofaderreegran= 
 redout of the Senate) were enrolled: and tortheconduitingot themto .^qmU.a. werefentas 
 Triumvirs or commillioners ihefeihree, to wit. T.A.^.u^ Uf,j.J'J)^c,.:sS„^.lo^nd At. Cor^ 
 F "./»«i Ccthe^r,,^. The , amc year C. Popd^.s and C,KOclav:u> bm^alladors, who had been fent into 
 Greecf haAn- fiiH read and publillaed at Thcks the arell and ordinance ot the Senat, earned ic 
 afterwards throughoutall the Ciiies of -P.^V.^r/^/. to thiseftc^, Th»t no perfon Qiould con= 
 tribute toward the wars, and put into ihehands of the Roman Magirtrats,more than that which 
 the Senat had let down. This put them in good hopeand atVurance for the future time that they, 
 Hiould be eafed ofihofe charges and expcnfes, by which they wereimpoverinaed and walled^: 
 whiles every oneimpoled upon them fome taxation or other,and never gave them repole.In the 
 Acha-an oeneral councelholden at Art^os, they had audience given ihem and were heard ingraci- 
 ous fort f from when eleavinmhismolHoyal anJfaiihfulnation mhngular goodhopeofhappy : 
 eftatefor the time to come, they palTcd into e^r «//./. Theie was as yet nofedition broken ouc. 
 there ; but all were in jealouly and lulpicion one ot another, and toll ot natural accufations : in 
 reoard of which jars and troubles the Embrfladors only demanded hoftages, and without 
 an^y other end made went dircaiy imo Marn.rr>,A. The Acarnanians granted unto thefe Em^ 
 baffadors a Diet to »^e holden at Tyrrhun, : where fomedebate was between the partakers 
 of divers faaions. Some principal men of the States- required that there naouldbegarnlons, 
 received imo their Cities, to bridle the wilful^folly of thole that enchned to the Macedonian 
 rwtion: others gainfaid this coiirfe, and befoiightihe contrary, foifcarld^ that peaceable and- 
 
 G
 
 ^rr^ Ihethrte and fortieth Boo\ o/TXivius. 
 
 confederal Qties fhouU be put co receive that difgracc and difl:ionor, which ufually falleth upon H 
 known enemies and thofe that are conquered by force of arms. And this requeR was reputed juft. 
 Then the Embafladors returned to LartJJa unto Hofiibtu the Pro-conl'ul.for trom him they were 
 emploied in embaffage. 0(S<«w«i he retained ftill with him: but fc;//z»i together with a 1 006 
 fouldiers or very necr, he lent to jimbracta^i\\&Kx.o lodge for the wintertime. 
 
 Perfm in the beginning of winter durft not go forth ot the frontiers o\ Al.iced»ny^ for fear left 
 ihe Romans would inv ade with violence his realm in I'ome place or other, if they found it \ oid 
 and disfurnifhed. But toward themids of D^cew^^r about mid- winter, when by reafon ofthfc 
 deep fnow the mountains are unpaflable and unfuperable trom out of Thejjulj-, thinking he had 
 then a fit feafonanu opportunity to cut off the hopes and break the hearts ot the neighbor-bor- 
 derers,thatwhenhe (houldbeavetted.anotherwayand bufied in the Roman war, he might be I 
 fecuredof danger trom them: confidering that from the parts oiThrac.ahe. had peace with Coijs', 
 and likewile from Efirus fide f by the means of Cepha/f(s,wbo luddainly ot late wa.^ rev olted trotti 
 the Romans:) moreover having newly vanquiflied theDardanians in war; and feeing only that 
 quarter to infefi and annoy Al/icedouy -tSyhkh regardeth jnd attionieth H'mcum ; and that thofe 
 lllyrian^al o were not quiet and at peace, but ready to giveentran^eurto the Romans ; but it he 
 had fubdued and t<)med thofe Illyrians wtiich were next unto him , then King GenttHs aifoj who a 
 longtime hung betv\een in doubtful terms, might be induced & drawn wholly into fociety with 
 him: he refojved at length, and with ten thouland footmen heavily armed, whereof part were 
 Phalangitx, and other two thcufand lightly appointed i and fi\ e hundred borfe, he made a rode 
 and preiented his for:csbefort 5r«^<r.vi: from whenceal'terhehadprovided himfelfofcorn 10 % 
 fervetorman) daie-i, and given order that the ordinance and engins of battery fhouldtollow af- 
 ter; at the third dales end he lodged necr Ufc-»af the head City of all that Land Peaeflui. But be- 
 fore that he offered any affault, he feht certain ofpurpoieto found and ioliicit the affedtionSjOne 
 ;vhile of the Captains otthegarriron,and another while of the Townfmen. Now there lay with- 
 in the City, together with the manhood and youth of the Illyrians, a garrilbn alfooftheRo- 
 mans. Arid when he faw that they brought no news of any peaceable dealing from thence,he be- 
 gan tobend his forces againft them, acdaffaid toinvelf them roundabout, and fo to force the 
 City, And albeit both night and day without any rclf and intermilTion,theyprefled upon the in- 
 habitants, and evermore one fuccceded another; whiles fome reared ladders againft the walls, 
 others threw balls of f re againd the gates, yet the defendants ot the City held out and endured I. 1 
 that furious and violent tempell : becaufe they hoped that ncuher the Maceconians lying abroad 
 were able any long time to endure the rigor of the cold winter; nor the King on the other fide 
 could have fo much rclcale and relaxation from the Roman war,as tollay there and make hisa- 
 bode.But alter they perceived once the mantilets approach,and the frames of turrets and fabricks 
 eredied their perhfiaiKe was over-matched & they began to relent. For befides that in plain force 
 they were the weaker and not able to refiftjdiHrtfledall'o they were tor want of corn, neither had 
 they hoie of ary other provifion, as being taken on atuddain,and looking for nothing let's thafi 
 fiege at luch a time of the year. Therefore when they were pal^sll hope to be able any longer to 
 reufi , C.C^> vtlius Sfo/etinut and C. j4framus were lent from the Roman garrifon, to crave of Fer- 
 /i?«^.fir(ithat he would permit them to depart in their arms,and to carry with them their bag and M 
 baggage : fecondly, it they might not obtain lb much, that he would but give them affuranceof 
 litie and liberty. The King wasmore free and liberal to promife, than faft and faithful to perforift. 
 For after he had commanded them to go forth, and carry with them all that was their own: ih6 
 fitli thing that he did was to difarme them and takeaway tbtir weapons. * , * « 
 They were not 10 foon departed out of the Town, bucboththecompany of the Illyrians, to the 
 number ot 5oomen;and alfo theinhabitantsof^/f<i;?/!rendred themleKesandthcir City. 'Ttr- 
 fens when he had put a garrifon in Z//f<!»<z, led away the whole multitude oftheyeeldedTownf" 
 men (and thole were well-neer as many in number ;is his own army) and tranfported themto 
 StuUrai vAfhere, after he had fent the Romans (allbefidesthcirCaptains) who were 4000 fight- 
 ing men, into fundry cities to be kept in ward, and fold the Ukanians and lllyrians;he led his army j^ 
 . back into Fat.fiia, intendingtobe malkrofO<» «w, a Town featedotherwifecommodioufly, 
 and withal it is the very key and highway that openethpaflage into the country ot iheLabcats, 
 within the realm cf King Gentins,at)d where he kept his roial Hate. As hepaflcdby a (irong bo- 
 rough-Town well inhabited, named Drafid cum, one about him that wis well acquainted with 
 , ihecoaOs ofthat country put into his head, that bootlefs it was and to nopurpofe to winO<r*tf- 
 »w, unlets he had DrauduczMc in his hands, as bemg a Town I'.tuate more commodiouOy in all 
 refpeds. Whereupon he advanced forward, and fo foon as ever he prefented his army before it, 
 incontinently all the inhabitants fubmitted and yeelded. Being mu^h animated and encouraged 
 with this forrendcr of theirs, which they made far fooner than he hoped or looked for; after that 
 he perceived how terrible this redoubled army of his was, all the way as he marched he brought q' 
 under hi-- fubje(5fion eleven other Caftles and (irong holds, upon the likefear that rhey were put 
 ji5to. Violence heul'ed againft very tew of them; the refl yeelded willingly : wherein were taieii 
 1 500 Roman fouldier«,placed there in feveral garritbns. In gfeaf (lead and to very good ufe fer- 
 ved CarvilitisSpoletinus \T\ all their parlies,who evcrmoregave it out that there had been no cruel- 
 ty nor rigor exercifcd upon him and his fellows. At length the King came before Oeneum, which 
 coald not poffibly be won without a fee and full ficge.For the Town had far more youth and able 
 
 iheD
 
 The three and fortieth Bgo\^ of T. Liviu 
 
 A men within it then the reft, was fortified with a Itrong wall about it, anddefended oFtheone 
 Mi with '.as river called Arf4f«^, and of the other with an exceeding high hill, and the fame of 
 bard and dif iicult acceffc. All thcie things confidercd, the townimcn were in good hope ito be a- 
 blc forte make rehftance- ?«?/*»/, having entrenched the town .ndcjft a tauipier round aboct 
 it, began likewife to raife a terrace & mount fron the upper put ihereof,jto that height as might 
 furmoant and ovt-r-top thewals.But during the time that tnis pceccof vvorlc was in hind and 
 brought to perfcdion, a great number of the inhabitants within were conlumed by divers and 
 lundryiadventureSfWhiles they skirmiilied oft and fallied forth, endeavouring both to defend their 
 own wals^and alfo to cmpeach the fabricks r.nd devifes of their enemies. And thole that remain- 
 ed alive, what with toiUomc labour night and day, and whit with many a wound, were pail all 
 Bufcrviceand good (or nothing;. So Ibon as the terrace and mount atore laid wasraifed clofe urtotfcs 
 pwall, both the Kings cohoit ^whom they call Nicaiores) mounted up into it,and alio wiih laddeis 
 the airaultw»s given unto the City in many places at once. AlltLatwerc above toui teen yet rs 
 old he put to the (word : their wives and fmill children be call: into priion. The relt ot the bocty 
 and pillage 'til to the fouldieis (hare. As he returned from thence with victory to Stttbcra^ he 
 lent as Bmjafladors unto Gctsnus, P/f«r<«rw^theIilyrian (abanifhedpcrlcn whofojoumedwith 
 him)and Af »tf«' a Macedonian ofS^rr'^^^j.Them he gave in ch rge to dcclareunto Ceninit,vjkit 
 he hid atchievedagiiniUhs Romans and Dardanians the fuT-fiicr palt, together with the Itts 
 tx )loiti peifocmed m that vvinter expedition ; and withallto petlwade the K. for to be kni: in 
 auiity wiihhim and the Maccdoni ns. Tbele HmbHadors having tranfmounted the topot ihe 
 C hi\[ ScardHi and traverfcdthe wilds and wolds of /tf/r^-ww, which the Macedor.ians otpurpo/tf 
 had laid waftanddelert.to the end,that the Dardanians u.ight have no e.lic pallige citberintc 
 JUjtfCum or Macedony) after much pain and travell they arrived in the end at Scadra, No a^ w .s 
 K. GiKtius at Lijfusj and tliither were the Emb,.fladors (cnt fjr, where they dcliAcred their mef- 
 la"CWuh"racious audience: but they went away with anantwertonoeftcdj na neU', that hs 
 w'anted no will, and hlsbeatt w.sgood enough to war upon the Romans ; but hiscoiJers were 
 empty, and he lacked mony erpecialiy, togo m hand and entcrprilcttiat which he delired. This 
 aniwerthcy related u-^coKing Pejfeus at Stubaa, at what time zs he was moltbufie in felling of 
 his captives taken 'mlUjncitm, Itienforthwith were the lame HinDaHadorsaddie(sed.igainuQtc 
 biin, accompanied with (7/.*«a<w one ot the Kings j:uatd and iquircsot his body, without any 
 n mention made of mony, and that wastnc only means to indjcethe bare and needy barbarous 
 Prince to levy war. Alter thij./'rr/ffwjranracked the City Ancjra^ aod once again reduced his ar- 
 piy into Peneainej country, and having ftrengthned the garnlons inFfcana, and m a.l the forte 
 and peeves about it, he rc:urned intoM^^^aw;. 
 
 L Cttiiu! a Roman lieutenant/ lay in guard for the defence and rule of /Il;ricKm,\^ho durll ncc 
 airlo longasKing Pe^feus was in thofe quarters ; but inthe end aiicr hiE departure, he endea- 
 voured to°ecoverr/ir<J»<i in the Pcnellins country, but wasicpuiled from thence Dy thegarnfbn 
 of the Macedonians there,and caiica away nothingbut many adry knock and bloady vvoi)nd>& fo 
 retired with his torcesto Ljcbntdum ; from whence, I'ome few daici after be fent M. r'.b.-Ums 
 rr-rTftf^««^ into tbePeneftins country, withalUong power; tor to leceivchonagesofttiolr Ci- 
 ■t ties^who faithfully had perfifted in amity Sc fnendihip.He commanded him aUoto go forward to 
 the Partins (for they likewife had covenanted to put in pledges) for that ot both thelc naf ions.thc 
 faid hoftages might be gotten without any ftir and trouble. I he holiagts of (he i'eneftu.s were 
 lent to ^pW/<?«/<J,but thole of the Partins to D;rrW/i/«»;,which in thcle daies was mors uluaily 
 called by the Greeks £H<j»»»a;, ^ l, -n ^ i ^ i u a-^ 
 
 App. CandiMt^ defitous to rale out the blemilii and make amsnus tu: the di(hon.->ur received in 
 I!lyncHmt\ci in handtoafsaiiU fha»oitsiiondEp.rns, having btoutiht thirber '^ith hur. the A- 
 th»mansat;d Thefprotians ('over and above the Raman army; to the number ofdooo men ; buc 
 h* uot nothing (ticre but travell for his paincs, by realon that the place was valiantly defended by 
 C/<r^/^. lett there with a itrongga.nlon by K.l'erfem. Pofiut likcwilc made in expedition to 
 F F/>»wM and attcr ox aad c akco a folcmn lurvey ct his army about it, he condudcd his power to 
 ^tratui\t tne itquclt ot the Epirots TbisScratut then, was the (tronged City ol llt^.'o/ra.Situat 
 it is upon the guitot .imbmcia, ncer the river Kchchhs.he^ advanced thither with looco foot £c 
 nt)i above 500 horl;ot rhem the took the fewer with him in number.by reafon of the Itr eight pal- 
 fatfes and ru^^ed waies. Being c .me at the third dsies end to lar as to the mount Cittut, kier he 
 hajwith much d.ncuky paijed over it, the Ino^v lay fo deep, thit hardly and with n,uch ado 
 could he find a convenient place to encamp in. From thence be removed, more for that ht could 
 no- there aoide and remain, thcnfora.ny in:oleraDlc way and weaiiar he met withail in bisdil- 
 insrch and journey forward ; io with palling great triveil and tioubc.of bis beads e :pccially,the 
 leconddayhe arrived at the temple ol/^/'/rcr called /7,<r^«/, and there lodged. Thenalierhe 
 r had taken an exceeding long journey , he abode at the iiver c\rachtbHs, beu^g itaicd thereby rec 
 Ion ol the deep water : during which time, he made a oudgovc r ana tranlported hi> forces , ^nd 
 wbcobewai gone a daies journey onward, heenccunireJ onthc vjxy .\rchidaf,u: a principal! 
 orrlon or the fctolians,by Whole ti^eansthe Cit yot Stratus was to be delivered up unto bim And 
 that day be lodged upo.i the frontiers of v^.tolia i from whence nexr moirow be ;curncyed as 
 lar as to 5<r<»{»J.where having encamped ncer the riverA.'-Wo»/, hciooktdthatth^/Eioiians 
 would lunouiunto him by heaps at alltheir gates, to yeeldthejiielvtstoh.spro.eaioa ; but in
 
 QiS The four and font ttb Boo\ of T. L ivius. 
 
 ftead thereof he ban j their gates (hat & garifons of the Romans received into the City that very h 
 night when be came, {ogether with the lieutenant C. P opticus. For the chief of the City( who in- 
 duced and enfo'-ced by the authority of Archidamns whiles he was prtfcnt in place, had (ent foe 
 the K.) became more flack snd negligent, by occafion that ArchidAmai was gene forth to meet 
 with bim, and thereby gave advantage and oppoi tanity to the adverlc fiftionjto lend for Pof,lius 
 with a icoo footmen hem hnbracia.la very ht time and torigbt good purpolc Cime Dinitrchnt 
 alfoa captain of the ^'ohan Cavalry, accompanied with 600 foot and a icohorle. Knownit 
 was for certain, that he matched toward Stratus^ as intending to band and take p»rt with Per- 
 /^«; ; but changing his mind together with the turning cHortune, hejoyned with. tie Romans, 
 andbjnded agiinrt him for whom he fet out atth- hrft. Neither was Fopilius, among thefe 
 waverings and inconftant fpirits.more i'ecured then he fhould be; and therefore incontinently gat I 
 Ihekeies of the gates into bis hinds,andpoflefleahiml'elf oPthe guard oUhe wals.And forP/w^r- 
 ckui and the iEtolians, together with the youth and abiemcnofSrr<i/«/ ^bebenowed theinallin 
 thetjrrelk,undcracoloarofguarJirigthe iix\^.?erfens, having sfTaied to parly with idem from 
 the hils which commanded the higher part otthe City, finding them pcrverfe and obftinat, and 
 feeinj; them ready to let him farther off with ihot of their datrs, encamped five mil<-s off from 
 th::Cty,bevoiid the river ?.».»>«/. There.hs called a cou^xcilj in which, Arci-^J/r^*/ together 
 with the revolts and rene^stscl- the Epirots, exhorted him there to foiourn andcontinuc: but 
 the captains of the Macedoniir-s comrariwife were of advice that there was noftrivmg with 
 that trpublefcme and dinge'ousfeafon of the yeer,coafidering their provifions were uot ready j 
 and the allailan.s were hkc iooner to feel the Icacity and want thereof, then the defendants .• in r- 
 rcg rd whereof, aad eipecially for the enemies wintred not far from thence, be diflodged and re- 
 moved to (^perantia. The Aperantians by reafon of great credit of Arc/^r^^wir/ among them, rc- 
 Ctivcabim withagencrallconient. hnd the iir.e A^chidamut was made captain thereover* ' 
 giinloiiotSoofouldiers. And To tbe King returned into Macedouj, with leffe trouble both cf bis 
 men and beaQs, then he came thither. Ho wbeit the bruit blown abroad, that Verfcus ledbi^ 
 forccsagaimt Stra'us, caulcd Ap;)/«/ to levy his fiegc from befcre ?hM)tes. And C/fV^/ witha 
 brave regiment cfluaymtt> well appointed, tollow.'d haid after h:m, and at thefoot of tbehils 
 whcb were almofr unpaisa 1 .bcHiw wel-necr a i coo of them as they marched heavily armed, 
 aria tcok pnlonerjabovc 2oc.ButafterthUy4/)^««/wa3 pa(Ted through !freigbts& come into the 
 p.ai.1 callca £/««,hc lay encamped there (ome fe w daies .• m.an while CVft-^jaccomparied with t 
 I'hdojtratHi ifae chieicommander of the Epirois, paflcdo»er into iheterritoy of hmtfmea. The 
 Wiecdonians went about to rob and 'poil ; but Philofiratus with r,is cohort fet him down in i- 
 W2!{,undcra covert and hidden place for the purpoie. AnJ when astbofecf A»r/>(;«/4 ilsned 
 Ijah :n arms Si charged upon the forragers as they ranged over the fields, anddifperlcdin ftrae- 
 iinji-wife, puMuiog them too eagerly in their flight, they chanced to engage themfdve* over far 
 withintheva.ley where the enemies lay inambuth.- and there to the number ofa jooooftbem 
 lol: their lives, and almolt a i co were taken priloners. And fo t he enemies having iped well in 
 all tbeir entaprires, removed their camp cloie to that of hfpiu,, to the end that the Roman army 
 migb: do no vio ence a d cutrige upon their friends and allic?. Thus ^ppms fpending the time in 
 thcic parts to no purpole, and doing no good.after be hid dilcbarged the companies of the Cha- 
 onisn.,S:as mm) cf the Epirotsas wcrewithhim/eiurncd in ///7w«w with his Italian (ouldicrs- ^' 
 and When he had diltnbutedtheai smong the confederal Cities of the Partynians, there to winl ' 
 ttf, rciu.ncd bimleltf^^s^i.^b/cccsdon of acertainlokmnlacrifice.Ptfr/^^aifentto QaJfoHdrtM 
 fur JO lie in gair.lon there, a looofoot and 200 boric, wbcm be had caufcd to come leaio out of 
 th. count.ey of tr.c Pcr^tins. And they that returned from Gc»i,bs related llilL'the lame lone 
 horn b:m, yet never reded he nor -sve over to tempt and importune him, (ending Embafsadors 
 after r-nioaisidors unto him, knowing right- well, ttiat in him rtfled great importance- vet could 
 not by any mcanes polaiblc bing the man to expend ought and to be at any charge, in a matter e- 
 vciy way of great conlcqutncc. / & ' -ui«»"t 
 
 N^ 
 
 The four and fortieth Book 
 OftheHiJIoriesofT, Liv\usof?^dm,jromthe foundation of the 
 
 tityof Rome. 
 
 The Breviary of L. Florus upon the four and fortieth Book. 
 
 QU.n.us M.rtiris Pbiiippus^./},>^,^,,«^A ,,i,ds ..d r.o.ds, e.urcd mo Macedony W ^ 
 (urpr,led many QM,es.The Rk.d,a.sf,.t Ef.6.jf,dors ,c Komc,,tre„„ncr to aid Perfeus nt 
 .;/.. . , cpj.pc ./K. me ^v.nld ur.cludc peace an^ co.nM .muj ^nhh.m: r^de^tr^VstlelVZ 
 Jeer. an,a.fd.,. No.vr.he. tk. charge of.h.s r..r r.as conJuted to L, ^mylius P^ls ,T/f "! 
 
 f.ntothe^ods, thataU >r.fel,c,tj .rd <nrfedfcrt,.c amirgt.r^.rds tlcpeofil IjKoLlJghtt
 
 7 he four and fortieth Bool^ ofT. Li vius„ goy 
 
 t 
 
 I'jA 4 verted from tbtKce, andHlht nfonhit ownboHJe. ^vdf/ havitig taken a vo/age into h'nccdony. 
 
 VMqi/i[hedPeik\XS and fal> died all Macedoqy. ji iittle before hejhoutdlirtkeabatttl^ C. Sulpin- 
 
 . D$ (Blllus A Martial Cohnel.fore'Warntd the armj that they ffieuld not tvtndfr & be tranbUd in mind 
 
 \M the cclipfe »fthe mion vhich watt' hapfen thenext mght foUowtn^.ln /il^e/ortGentius the Kin?, 
 
 _ffl^heIllyrtans havmg entered again into armtyVas overcsme in field l>y Aniciusfaf Vretor : andha^ 
 
 ^wingffibmined himfelf to bim-,wa3 with hit wtfe ^children and kjndred^fentto Rome. i-Voiw Altxin- 
 
 * TdriarAffr* arrived the EmOaJfadori <»/Cleop«tr« <«»i/ Ptolomcus limg and Q^ieen of Mi^ypt^ com* 
 
 flainiug of hnmc\iaiKing of^ynifor that he warredupon them.fciicas having foll.citid EumcneS 
 
 JC<»^o^PergimaS,- <i';<i Gcntius Kingofthe lUyrians to aidhim^was a(>andoned,for that he mad'^ 
 
 not true paiment of ntonj according to htspromife. 
 
 * The four and fortieth Boo\ofT.LWms< 
 
 IN the beginning ohhit fpring which immcdiatly followed the winter wherein thefe occur 
 rents hip.ied, ^. Aiartius Philipptts the Coniul cjme to Brunduftum with (ivc thoufaud mcH 
 whom he intended to trtnfport over the leas for the fupply of bis Itgions. And M. yopilta. 
 Cone who had been Conful) and other brive gallants of noble psrcncagcas well ishsinlclf, 
 followed after the Conful to be martial- Tribunes in the Macedonian legions. Alio about the fame 
 time C.M^ntHs Figu/us the Pretor, anJ Admirallofthe navy, repaired to ^rw'j^wyjww. Who 
 weighing anchor, loofed to lea from /»<»/; together,and arrived the next day nCorphu- but the 
 morrow aftertbat, they put within y€rt«»w, an haven of Afiir».i«/d. FromthencetbeConfulfec 
 C fail for ^m(>racia■, where he ciisbirked and travelled by land to ThrffJf. But the Pretor hsvin*^ 
 doubled the point of Z.tf«c<»/jenteKd the gulf of Cm«fi5; leaving his vclsels wCrzufa journied like- 
 wife by land to Cbalck unto then ival f orcex.making fuch cxpcdiciooihu he craistd throuab tiia 
 midfl of ^^otMinoncday. At thefatne time A. iiafixUus lay enc mped in Thefjj, nesr to 
 VaUpharfalat. Who albat he had performed no memorable exploit of warlike fears, yet he hji 
 recUimed his fouldiers from all licentious loonlefSjWheiewitb they were corrupted, and ranged 
 them within good order cfdilciplme. Alloby hisfaithtulicomigeinguvorndicnt, he hid en- 
 tertained and kept the loveof the allies dill, yea, and proteded them from all manr. rof wrofi'-- 
 and injury. Now when he wis adveaifed of the arrivali of his (ucjellor, he alkm^U J wiih all di'' 
 
 _ _ reputation a; 
 
 the "rcatclf ate of the Roman name,fo for the managing of the affairs aftcrward[2* it was very ex- _ '. ' 
 
 pedrent to the Con'.ul Vhilip. For the pro-conlul turning to bis o ^a army, exnortcd the fcaldiers "J^^. v I'' ''" 
 topertorm valiant lervicc ; and lo when he had delivered it to the Cjnful, returned to Ker^e.l bZallbc'''' 
 Some few diies after, the Conlul made an oration in a folemn audience of all his foaldiers : VVhet- fuppiitd, as 
 infidt he began with the patricide of ?*)/<•«/, committed upon the perion of his own ororher, S'gwiJwt'.Jnk- 
 butprojeSed againft his very father. Then he proceeded forward and declared ths wicked and '■'"■"'i'' «»\, 
 divdii'h means whereby he attained to the crown, alio his praAifes of poyfoning, ois blaady mur- betwccnV!r* 
 deterSjhe laid await for King ^umsms his lik by way of deteltable brigsnia^e and rojDcry : more- niaikc" [1^ * 
 "over, the injuries offered 10 the peoplcof^swfjandfackingofafTociit Cities igainft the cove- 
 
 ^ •• nanti of accord. All which dealings of his he lliouli (i id on; da, ^qi^nh nej K'cUiuIu- of ais 
 "aEFairs, how odious and curled they are in the light alloof the iminortail gods, for the "ods are 
 "evermore favourable and gracious topiety and fidelity, the only means wbercDy the people of 
 «' Rome is mounted to that pitch aad height of felicity. Thin he compared tbe turcc> of la u State 
 " which already compafled the round world , i with the (trcngth Q{M.tccdonj .^\iQ letar .litstoar- 
 «f mic$,raakingremonftranceshow far greater was the puiff»nce of /V;;///) and \r,tiochKs before, 
 « and yet was it defeated utterly by no greater power then the Romans now were aolc tolTiew. 
 « Havin-»tlius enkindled and enflamed the courages of his louldicrs by tbisraancrof exhorcarion"; 
 hcbee«n''to debate in counfel as touching the prmcipil and mam p>)int of the whole war. And 
 
 c thither repaired UDto hi -> from CWc«,thePretorC.i»^4f.«/,ifter be had taken the charge of the 
 armadoand Ica-forccs. Reiolved it was and concluded to make nolt.n-^er abode in Thejjuly^ and 
 there to lofetime> but prciently todillodgand remove direi^ly into /l/^rir </»«;. -that the ''rctoral- 
 fo fhould endevour andcalhhowat one and the fell lame time he mignt intclt and annoy the lea-' 
 coalfs of the enemies.Now after that the Pretor was diimiflcd lic\cat away,thct_oi)id command'ed 
 his louldicrsto oringev;ry man witn mm provihon for a month; audio th;; tenth day after he 
 bad received th^ conduit of the army, he removed tac camp and let forward. When he had gone 
 a dai* s journey , he called togctner the guids, nd aitcr he had commanded them every one to de- 
 clate 'cfore the Councel thei , aitcmbled, which way each of them intended tp dirctft the army,hs 
 cauied lUciVj to l,.' iiide ; and then debated it was in councel, woicb coutle to take above all o- 
 thers. 5omt vjec of opinion to lead by the way of P;;/;;«»» ; others ad vifed to palleoverths 
 
 ® Cambun-an m ao;ains,likc as the yeer before Hofldius the Conlul conduced his army ; and there 
 wercwbo ga^^e advicetogoncerto the moorof y^yc«m. Now ihereremaincd yet lome pare 
 behind of the wi<o ■A/hicblay indifferent Hill and common to all thele places; and therefore theic, 
 conlultatioii i.'l this point wasput overtothctime when they niouldencampnecr tothc parting > 
 and divifion of belaid waies. So from thence he led the army to Pemabia, and fat bim down 
 between A*9r«j and DoUcbe^ for to conlult once again ior all, whii.h way to take, i 3 
 
 Mil 2 Xos
 
 J be four andforthth Booh, of T. L ivius. 
 
 The fame time Per/«'«' knowing tbit the enemy approached, but ytt ignonnt which wiy be H] 
 meant to come, determined to bcfetill pafsigcswitb Ihong guards. Wfaereupon hcfcnt ten 
 thoufand yong and lufty men lightly armed, to the pitch of the Cambauni^n bils^ which the inha- 
 bitants themfelvcscall f^olafianajondtx the cor.duft of cjptain KJdtf.ed'ttHs. But be comirsnded 
 Him<n with a power of twelve thoufand Macedonians to (c;z the ftreighrs of a cettaipfort fi- 
 tuitupotithe marCh Ayc«rff »nd is called Li«p»/«^. Himlclt in perfon accompanied with she reft 
 of the forces, lodged fird iiecr to Dium : but afierwatds feeming as it he were unprovided of 
 ccunfci and void of fcr.fc andundfrtlanding, be with his light horlmen made fodes and courfcs 
 abngihe itrand,one while toward Heraclea. and otherwhiks to "Pi tU j and fo backward again 
 the lame way to JD/«J». In this mean time the Confulfcfolved fully to lead bis army by that pafs 
 W'lere we faid before that the army of KingP^/Z/^cicampcdlomttimtsntcr a place called Oflo- I 
 hif.ns. Ho wbeit be thought gccd to lend out before lour th<u'»nd aimed men, for to prevent 
 the criemifs and bepofselstd fiiftofthe moft commrdioiis placts ot advantage : thisregimcnt 
 W'scommandcdby M. CA<«r.('i«/and^. h\a't.us, the CorJuls fon ; and incontinently all the 
 f. rcesing netilUullowed after. But t'oe way wasfo deep and diflicultJ"orou§;h5U!ievenai:d rug- 
 ged, that in twodaies fpjce, they which weve fent before, alf eii ibcy were not charged with the 
 ca:fi ge of any thing, had much ado to march fifteen m'les: where they lodged, and the place 
 whiihthey made choice cf was called the Tower E«i'f^«. From whence the nioricvv a'^terthey 
 journied (even miles fotw^'d and frized a hill not far f.om the enemies camp.* where they dif- 
 pachedacourricf backtoihtConfo! togive intelliger,ce,thatihey were come nccrto the enemy, 
 andielcdin a place of (ifity, commodious alio for a'l pur^olcs ; and withall toadvife bim fortoK 
 make all pofsible fpetd after, for to overtake fhem ani join together. This meflenger encountrcd 
 \h Co;!lulatthe Mear >^/f.'^ .7>, where he was greatly perpLx^d as weilfor the difficulty cftbe 
 ,way which hi w-s to enter himrdf^ aialfointegardof the danger of them whom in lo few num- 
 ber ce bad lent before, evemh'oiigh the midil uf the enemies £•*>;>/ ^if ^«4r^, VVbereuponhe 
 took ibcftefbeitt toh:mfcU ; and hiving united allhisfjrc-.s, encamped upon the forefaidbill 
 v/oicu hi; men a ready held, onihacfide which (conlidetmg the nature of the ground^ was mod 
 c ^mmadious. And there they might difcover within the view of eie, not only the enemies camp 
 didant from thence a little above amile, but alio the whole countrey as far astoD'<ft»and ^hiUi 
 yea, and alUbeisa coail b/ rcafon that the high pitch and top ofthe mountain yee'dcd a proipeft 
 laranj nect round about. And this was it that let on fire tncloubieis hearts, whenthey beheld L 
 laewh'ie weight of the wir the Kingi forces altogether, and the enemies countrey fo neeronto 
 (hem. Inuhich fpirit of chsetfulnels when ihey were earnelt with the Conlul, and exported 
 hssn to advance dircdly agaiolt the enemies camp, they had bur one day granted ibem to reft after 
 ih.'ir wesnfomejourney.Soupoi the third day the Cor.lol leaving part of bis forces to guard the 
 tamp , led the reft agai.ift the enemy. N j w hid Htpfus been lately (cnt from the King to keep 
 aniauid thepafl'age, whofince the timethat firUheclp:ed the Romao camp upon the bill, had 
 p e,ia.cJ tbemiiidsof bii men to a battel, and foencoo.itred the army oftbe Conlulandmct it 
 hall way- The Ilomsns advanced forth to fighf» nimbly appointed; andibe enemies likewife 
 weceli};h ly aimed, and hyrcafon thereof tnoll fit and provided for to give the charge and h^gin 
 tk;rm;fli. So loon asth:y affronted and encountrcd oieanothei, pref'indy they fell to lancing w 
 ot: heir darts Ost bo!h tides. Many a wound was given and received of the one part as well as the 
 other by their lafh charging a; tan Jom, and fe<v of botn (ides were fl 'in. Thus weretbe'r fto- 
 micks Vtrh-ittcd and ed^ dagaink thcmoirowj and then had they s'riirmillies, and mainrained 
 tiiiht with greater forces, ana more d.-aaiy feud, if thegrouid would have iervcd thcmtobave 
 dl'p.Jied their baitsliions at luge .• tnt the top of the t.iountiin was (height and atofetoa 
 (harp crsf'.t in form Ota coin or wedg, si'd (.lardly affordto lojuj enough for rbree ranks of ar- 
 nu'o m-n ztf.ont ; and therefore whenfome f;w A-erc in tigh?, all the rell and fpcciilly the; that 
 were heavily armed, (food .-$ lookers on. Asfor the light armour of one part, they would run 
 forth ac tbe biokcn crags of the hill, and ever f;om the li-iesjjin battel with the like of the other 
 part.-yea, ino lind meanes to charge their eiiemie,were the [lice cv.-n or uneven, it skilled not {4! 
 wheincr. Cut after that more that day llo weie wounded then killed, the night at lengtb parted , 
 ticiiay. The third day, the Roman Gener II was tole^kand wilt tiot whattodo ; fortieithec 
 toulJ he day any longer upon that hill,tV.r wJhtuf all th:n .s ; and retire back from thence it was 
 I ot poliible, without diflionout and danger both. Murcovcr.it he bad rctiicd,tbc enemy might 
 prcHe upon him from the upper ground with advantage. Therereniamed therefore no other 
 meanes toamtnd that winch was the audacioufly cnierpri!ed,wiih as rclolu c & harny perliffancc 
 in execution; a thngtbat otherwhiles proveth Wtllinthccnd, as it it proceeded fro.u wife and 
 dcl'Lierat Cvunfcl. And verily to this hard pifle and difhcult tirin? they were come, that if tbe 
 Coniul had been to deal with an tnen ylikctoaovoftbe Msccdonian Kings in old fime,bc might 
 looa have received a great foil and overthow. But K. Prr/far as be coadtdarjd ranged with bij f 
 cavaliyupcn thcllrand neer Dtam Calbcitforthelpaceot 12 miles w'l-necr, be beard the ciies 
 and iliouts of them that were m tight ,^ neither recnforccd the companies bv (ending frefh fouU : 
 diersinpltceot the weaned, not fhewiogbimfelf in pcrlon at the battel.-( which bad oeen a thing 
 lafluieycuof molt importance) >*. bercas the Roman General being above 60 yccrs of age, cor- 
 pulent befidcs.&unweldypctforiif d binilelf tight luftily all military (crvices of a valiant warrior; 
 penitling in that to tbe very end moft bravely, which be had begun a rd enicrpnfcd fo boldly • 
 
 and
 
 i The four and fortieth BoofiofT,Liviux 939 
 
 K^ and b iving left Pop///*/ for to gu«rcl the hill top, pafled over places that had no trads st all to di- 
 tedt them, by fending out before, certain men of purpofe to Icour and prepare to mike a pafi ^ge. 
 . AS iot \ttalu$ taiMifageneif\it commanded them both,with the auxiliary (ooldiers of their cvva 
 nation to guard them that opened the way before. Then he putting before him in the march the 
 borfmen with baggage.cama behind with the legionary footmen in the rcrcguird. No tongne is 
 able to exprcffe what t toil and painful labour they found in going down the hill, the lumpter 
 hori'ei with theitbicks 8c carriages t J iiibledfo down one with another .-in ioin;jcb as when they 
 had fcarcely gone four miles for ward,they willied in theit ha; rts nothing more.thcn to return tba 
 way they came, if it had been pol'sible. The elephants troubled the march ss much m mancrns 
 the enemies could : for when they were come to a place v^herc they could fee no way, down 
 : B they caft their riders and governprs, laying them along on the earth, and with the horrible brsy- 
 ing that they made, affrighted their horfes cfpecially, untill luch time as a device was found for 
 their paff.gc. They began firlt to [nake the head or entrance ofthebridgat the very bowand 
 edg ofaUeepdownfil; this done, in the lower ground beneath, they let iall in the earth good 
 ftrong and long polls of wood, two by two diftant one from the other t ravcrfe while li:tle mor^ 
 then the largcnels of one of their beafts.Upon which relied faft Joined [^wisb ten on &: morteilejj 
 certain rafteri like wal plats 30 foot in length, andthofe being couched wichplanks crolfeovci; 
 inform ofabridg,hadejithand mouldcaftthereapon. A little way off beneath it, !uch doocher 
 bridgwasmide-, and lb a third likewiie, andmsDymore conlequcntly according aiihecrsggy 
 j-rouod was broken and uneven. Now the elephant from the htm ground enired upon thefirlt 
 C bridg afore faid j but before he WSJ gone as far as to the foot and end thereof/ the polls abovcna- 
 med were cut in two underneath ; toihe end that the bridg might (all, andinthe ealie reeling 
 thetof (he beaft alto gently Aide, as it were, and he carried tberc with as far as the head of the it- 
 cond bnJg. Thus fome of them glid and kept tbemiclves Handing upright on their f^ec others reli- 
 ed upon their buttocks. Again,wheniheyvvcrccomeiothcplsi.iand level! Boor of another fucbi 
 like bridg, by the tall of it in maneraforelaid they were driven unto a tnsrd bridg heneaih it, un- 
 till fucb time 1$ ibey were come to a more pUin and even valky.In this order the Romans could 
 : rid little more then feven miles that day. And the lead part thereof went they upright on their feet 
 but were fafh mod- what to tumble and roll over . nd over with the armor and tardels about them." 
 and thus they gat forward in all kind of pain and tronble, jn luch io\ t that he who induced them 
 p. to this journey & conduced them therein, could not deny but the whole ara)y(wi£h a una! power, 
 coming againftthem^ might utterly have been defeated, By night they arrivcJ at aprety plainj 
 but the place being endoled on all fides, they had no (pace and room to view n und about, wfce- 
 ther it were dangerous or no. At length after much ado and beyond their txpt.darion,ibev met: 
 With a firm pecccof ground, whereas they msight take fute footing; and (here they vere forced 
 the morrow followingto attend in the hollow valley the coming of /'tf^//,«i and the companies 
 left with him: whoalfo were exceedingly fore vexed and plagued wrbthe roughncHc of the 
 way,albeit the enemies troubled and affrighted them no whit st all.The third day^attcr ihey had 
 joined tbeir forces together, they took their way through a pafie, which the inhabitants call Cul-- 
 tipcHce. The fourth day they pafled over a place that had no mgre meancs to diredl them, then tha 
 other before ; bat by ole and experience there were grown more skilfull: and better hope they 
 ^ had, for that the enemy in no place appeared, but approached neer to the fea. When they were 
 come oncedowo into the plains between H>tracetns and Lchihrui, the footmen (whereof ths 
 greater part kept the hil$^ pitched their tents and took up the v-dlcy, and a good part of the plain 
 wherein the borfjDcn fhould quarter. As the King was b. thing bimlclf it is faid that word came. 
 How the enemies were neer at hand : at which news hev;as fo feared, that he leapt out of his 
 bathing velTcl, and in haft gat him outof thcbame, crying aloud, Th.t he was vanquilhed with* 
 out drawing (word and Rrokc given : neither will he (or feat which way to turn htm, taking fun- 
 dry counlels one of another, and commanding he knew net what, lometime this and lome- 
 titne In this perplexity he feni for jfl'fi^dortu (i;ne!of his two tfpecial i.icnds; out 
 F of the place wbetc helay ingartilon.togoto Pella where ail his money =nd trcaiureUyjand by 
 this me -ns opened all tDC avenues for the llomant tomike war. HimleU,af;cr hebad hadin 
 creat haft bellowed and piled up in his Oiips, allthe gilded images at Dmm, 10 the enathatihe 
 enemy (hould make no prize of them, caulcd withall (peed polsible to truOeupjiid to remove to 
 Vydna i & hereby give jccafionthat the cntcrpri'.eof the Conlul which u igut have icemcd ra(h» 
 ncls (in that he had engaged bimlelf (0 far , that he could not potsibly to i ctite again without leave 
 of the enemy )proved in the end no inconliderat andunadviicJ dehgnment. tor now the Romans 
 had the choice of two palsages through which they might elcapc a way, the oiie> by7Vw;#into 
 TbelTah the other into M<i«<ie«7. by the way neer !>«*»»: both which before were hcldby the 
 Kineseu»rdsSoasifa relolu-eandteatlefs captain could have held out and endured imt one ten 
 dales the fitft apparcncc and Chew of tcitor th»t jpptoachcd,tbe Rom. could never have return-d 
 © into T-fce/f„/, byrtfwpf.nor found way for convcianccot provifion& vitluals to cbepiacc where 
 they were For Trwp* is of it (elf a difficult palligc, eve^i without any iarce of arms to make 
 It dangerous And whyfbefides the fttaight gullet Eve mils in length, yceldmg a very oarrow way 
 for one beaft to go charged with burden ; the rocks o( either hands are lo deep and upright, tba£ 
 hardlva man is able to look down from thsm, but bis eyes wiUdule, bis brain turn, and his bead, 
 be Giddy wiihalL Morcoter^the found andnoifcyca, and the depth of the nver Vinttts running dio 
 ° LU 1 3 rc^iv; 
 
 ) V
 
 n^o The four and fortieth Bool{ofT XAvms, 
 
 reftly throngb the midft of the viHey ;'eneretled the f cir la much the more. This pl«c e fo peril- H 
 lousof its own nitnre, bid been holdenind guirdcd with the Kin^s garrifonsin four .feveral & 
 diftint places. The one kept at the very firlt entrance, neer toCo«»*/i the fecood at CsmfyUt, 
 a fort impregnable} the third about L4^4t/&»/, which alfotbey ctWChtirax; and (he fourth was 
 placed even npoo the very avenue it (elt about the midil of the valley, where it is at the (Ireighteft, 
 and which may eafily be defended with ten men, ihhcre were no more. In this mancr (I (ly^ 
 the pallage being ftopped up by Tempt ^ as well for portage of provifions thither as tor return from 
 ihencc, the Romans mull perforce bave retired again up to the fame mountains from whence 
 they weic defcended. But as ihey come down and wctcnot difcovercd, fo being no wdefcricd, 
 they could not pofsibly have gained them again in open viow, conlidering that the enemies bad 
 poffefled the tops ofthe mountains; and no doubt the difhculty thereof be fides, which they bad j 
 tried already, would have cut ofiall hope of that adventure • (o zs, being waded (bus far into this 
 rafb enterprife there remaineth no meanes elfe for the.Ti^ but to have paiTed through the midft 
 of the enemies^at Dium, for to to clcape and palle into Mac*doi>y: au ad ventui-e no doubt,(if the 
 gods had not bereft the King of bis right wits) moil diificult and dangerous unto tJKm. For it 
 being lo, that from the foot of the mountain OZ/wpw/ unto the fea, there ii little above a mile 
 fpace between .• the one halt wbetcof, is taken up wub the mouth of the river Baphjrus, which 
 in this place (presdetb very broad and large; and another part of the plain, either the temple, of 
 ]upitcr or thetownit felt occupieth : the reft befides, being but a very (mall place, might have 
 been cnclofed and niade fail againd them with a little trench and rampier-'beiides lucb Itore there 
 was of (lone ready at hand, andoftimber outot the forrc(l,tbst they might either have railed a k; 
 Oiure, or framed turrets and iuch like fabricki in their way. Bri the K. (whole Ipiritandunder- 
 llandiug was blinded with luddain fear/ forefeeing none ofallihelc things, but disfurnifhir|;c- 
 very tottoftheirgarrifons, made open paffage for the current of war, and fled himl'elf to/'/^^w*. 
 Tbe'Conful perceiving that he had gotten great advantage and many hopes by the lollyfand neg- 
 ligence of his enemy, difpatched a currier back toward LArijfa unto Sp. Lucretinj^] willing him 
 to (ciz thofe forts into bis bands about Tempt, which were abandoBed by the enemy .* and after 
 he had tent Pofilttn before in (piall to difcover al 1 the paflages about D/»m, and perceived th^ 
 the av enues were open in all parts, he matched forwards himfelf.and the iccond jourtiy came td 
 DiMm ; where commanded to encamp under the very templcto the end, that no violent outrage 
 fhould be comoiiited in that holy place. Himfelf in proper pcrlonentred into the City, which as l \ 
 it was nut great, foit was garniihed with fair publick buildings, beautified with a number of ' , 
 goodly images, and pafsiog well fortified befides* in lb much as he could not well bcleevet that 
 [hmgs of Iuch importance were abandoned for nothing, but that there was fome tecret deceit 
 and treachery lut king underneath. After he bad fltied there one full day, toelpioandfee that all 
 coafts were cleer,hcdiflodged and marched on ; &luppo(ing verily that be fliould be provided of 
 lufficientlloic of grain, be advanced forward thatvery day totbe river named ^/^*j-. The mor- 
 row afteffbe took poflcfsionof tbeCityA^f//^, which tbe inhabitants willingly readredanto bim. 
 And to win the hearts of all other Macedoniani,Ccon(eoting himfelf only witbhodages) hepro- 
 mifed to leave their City deer without a gatiloOjand to permit them to live under their own laws 
 without paiment of anj tribute. Being marched onward one dales journey from tbcnce,he pitch- j^^ 
 cd down his tents fill upon the river -^/"r<i«j: but feeling and finding ftill (the farther he went 
 from The[salj^ more and more want of all things, he retired back to Dium ; aud then ali| menfaw 
 plainly Scmadc no do«bt,to what ftreights he (hould be drivcn,in cafe he bal been clean fliut out 
 from Thefialj. confidering that it was not I'afe for himto remove far from thence wherehe was 
 
 ^erf.ui having rallied all his forces, andafsembled his captains into one place, checked and 
 Titled up the captains of the garrilens and guards aforefaid over the patsages.-but above all be rcou- 
 k ;d i^jtlcpiodorus & Hipfiat moll,*aying,that thofe two bad betraied onto the Romans the port- 
 gate to Macednij.-wbexiiiadced no man was more jurtly to be blamei/or that than his ownfelf 
 
 ThsConfnl alter he bad difcovered a far off from fea a fleet of Roman fhips, conceived good 
 hope that vcfsels were coming charged with provifion of viduals('for bow in his camp the dearth N 
 was grear,and brought they were already to extreani want and icarcity J But be Was advertifed 
 by them who were entred within ihchabor, that the hulks and fhips of burden were left behind 
 at/W<>g»f/7«.Wh:reupon,beingin great doubt what to do ^fo hard went all things with him foe 
 the prefcnt, that he hid work enough to wrelile with that only difficulty, without being fartbet 
 eocumbred with any empfacbment from the enemy) behold, in hippy time, letters wero brought 
 unto him f.om S;*. Lwcr;r/»/, importing thus much i That he was mailer ofall the forts and holds 
 planted upon Tempe and round about Vh>la, where be bad found great plenty of corn and ctber ae- 
 celsaries. The Conful right joious tor thefe good t idiogs, ifct bis army on foot from Ditim to Phi- 
 la, as well to llrengihen the garrilon there, as alio to deal corn among bis fouldiers ■■, which would 
 have requited a long time ere it could have been brought over to them at Dium, Q 
 
 That departure & journey of his was nothing wel Ipoken of : for Ibmegave out that the General ) 
 retired fromthe enemy for very feir » becaulc that if he hid ftaied there ItiU, he fliould have been 
 forced to a battel : others faid, that he had no skill in war, neither in thofe occurrents, which for- 
 tunes whecle turning about ahercd every day, offering one new thing or other; who whcnoc- 
 cafionsand opportunities were prefcnted unto bim, let the fame flip out of his hands, which loon 
 after might nut pofsibly be recovered again. Aui verily b« bad notfofoon quit the policfsion 
 
 of
 
 The four and fortieth Bool^ of T.Livius. ^4? 
 
 Aof Diwiw.but be fttrted and wikcned the enemy,snd put iri bis head now at lengcb to regain thofe " 
 
 mitten, wbich had been loft before through his own default. For hearing that tbcConiuIwjsde ' 
 parted, he returned llnmcdiatcly to 2)/*w: where he repaired wbatfoevcr had been demoiinicd 
 ■ndruinat by the Romans.- the battlements of the wals which were caft down he fct up again in 
 the right place ; and in all parts brtifled the mure and bulwarks ot'tbe City. Which done he en- 
 camped fire miles off on this fide £*>;?*/, intending that the river it felf^' which is very bard to 
 bepaffedover, niouldfervcioftcidofa rampicc and trench of defence. This river runneth out 
 of the vale from under the mountain Olympus, andin fummcr leafonisfniaflandniailow but 
 in winter it tilcth high and fpre adet h broad by realon of rain .• running alfo with a forcible carrent 
 and ftream, it furmounteth great tocks, and among thofe ftony crags and/lidves makethmanv 
 
 B whirlpits : by occifion likewife, that from thence it carrieth away with it into the fea, ftore of" 
 earth, therearemany gulfs of exceeding depth J and by reafon that it hath eaten a hollow cha- 
 ncll in the mids, the banks of each fide arc ver y high and Iteep upright, Per/eus, fuppofing that bv 
 the means of this tiver, the enemies were debarred from allpaffage.purpofedin bismiod to hold 
 off, and drive out the rslt of the (ummer in that fort. 
 
 But tbcConfulinthe mean wbila lent Pcp/Y/w/ ftom Pi6r/4into HerAcUa with sooo armed 
 fighting men. This Htmclttt ftindeth about fire miles from FhiU, fituat in the mid* 
 Dhm tndTempe, uponarock that comma ndeth this river, Popi/inr, before that 
 
 way between 
 he caui'ed bis 
 
 ^,„^ ...^ .>-.,^,, „(.„.._._-„ , _ _ .,., .,,.... r.., L/w.uiciuii ne cauied fiis 
 
 men to approach the wal?, lent certain perlons of purpofe to ptrlwadcthc magiRratsand chief 
 of the City, to mike proof of the faithful proteflion and clemency of the people of Rame rather 
 
 Cfhen to trie their rigor snJ violence. But this motive and advice availed not, bccaule they might 
 difcern the fires out of the kings camp ncer to En f tut, whereupon both from the land aod lea- 
 fideffor the fleet alfo being arrived anchored neer the (horc)is wel by force of arms as by fabricks 
 and engios of battery,they began to affail the town.Morcovcr.certain yong and lufty Roman foul- 
 diers (makingufcnowin wat of exetcife whichthcy hidpra(3ifedin the games Circenres)z3t. 
 over the will where itwasloweft. The maner was in thofedaies (before this waft prodiKalityr 
 camo up of filling the whole cirque or {he w-place with beafts fct out of all countries) to deviic 
 snd feekfundty forti of public k lightsSc fpadlacleito boholdj& not running one courfc with the 
 chariot, and another on hotleback, and lo an end, to employ at both taccs the fpace of one full 
 hour. Among others feais of aftivity exhibited, the maftcrsand wardens of thofe exercifcs and 
 
 £) games btought into the lace commonly 60 ( and otherwhiles morcj lufty yong men in arms well 
 appointed. There training in part reptefcnted articw »nd spparanceof two armies encounirine 
 and entountring and chargingoneanother,in part alfo the ufc "RdpracSifcofa more gentle and 
 
 elcgsm exercifc then militsryprofcflioa.and coming necrerto the baodlingand managing of wea- 
 pons after the order of 1 word-fencers. Th«lc yonggaUanti, after they had performed other ordi- 
 nary running courfes, putthemfelvesintoa four-fquaro fquadron, with the bucklers or tareots 
 clofe couched and joined together over their heads, in this manner t thcythat werefotmoftin 
 the from Rood bolt upright ; the fccondrankftoopedlomewhatlowerundertheother; the third 
 coutfc more then they ; and (0 the fourth untill the hindmoft kneeled on their knees : and by this 
 ineans they relembled a pavoilade rifing up higher &lhighcr,likc the pent-houfe or roof of xdifices 
 
 iTbis done.two men well armed.fetcbing their run fifty foot or thereabout backward from thence* 
 and Teeming todefio and challenge oneinotbcr, mounted the forefaid pavoifade, ran from the 
 nefher end op to the top upon thofe f irgefs lo jointly united and fet clofc jnd thick'together.- and 
 onewhilethey (et their countcnince as though they would defend the fides and edges thereof 
 otherwhiles in the mids they (ccmcd to performed their devoir and maintain combat one with 
 another, as upon firm and fteady ground. Like for allthe world to this, was there a pavoifade 
 framed and brought clofe to that part of the wall).- and when armed men were mounted upon it 
 they rtiat (food upon the very ridg thereof.were as high full as the defendants which kept the walls 
 who being once beaten back and turned down, two enfigns of fouldiers gat over into the City 
 The only difference between this pavoifade and the other above defcribed was this, that theyon- 
 
 ply who rtood in the front before and in the flanks, bare not their targets alcfc above their owri 
 heads, becaufe their fides and bodies fbould not be naked and cxpofed to hurt, but caried them be- 
 fore after the ufuill manner of fighting men in a battell. By wbich means, neither thearrows 
 and darts difcharged from the wall hurt them affront, nor the (hot that light upon their target- 
 fence took any hold, but glanced and glid down-ward from the top without doing any bwrn 
 like to rainwater that fliooccth from the ridg of an houlc, and runneth down the evts The 
 Cooful likewife," now that Wn-dc/M was won, advanced forwards with his army thither, pre- 
 tending as though he marched toward Dium, and as if after be had chafed and driveo the King 
 from thence, he minded to palled forward alfo into P«r/,i, But preparing now againlt winter 
 he commanded to make the waies fit and handfome, for the carriage ofprovifion out of Tfef/T^j! 
 
 G (r, «nd to chnlc out commondious places for garners ; alfo to build certain houles, wherein they 
 that brought the ptovifion, might lie in covert andlodgcommodioBfly. Ptrfettt inthecndhav- 
 ing taken heart again and gathered his wits together, upon that late fright which had amazed his 
 fpirits, wifhed then withall bis heart, that hiscommandctoemsbad not beenobeicd at what 
 lime asinafeattuU fithegave fxpreffc charge to caft the treafure intothe fea at Peul^ and to 
 fet on fire, theatlenall at Thejfahn ica. jiKdromictn Icing fcnt for to thai'ame purpofe to Ti&r/- 
 f.iUnka made no haft to execute his will^tutt rified out the time for the nonce, leaving the King 
 
 fom c
 
 QA2 J he four andfortktb Book of 1. L ivms. 
 
 ~ fome rcfpite to repent, ss it fel out indecd.Nicias was not fo provident and wel advifcd at Pella, H 
 in tbrowiDg away (ome part of the mony which be there tound : bowbeic he thought btsfanlt 
 luch as night in fon-.c fott be remedied and amended, for that, all the bid treaforc in manner 
 was recovered by the liieans of certain dyvcrs that fifhcd for it under water, and fctcht it up from 
 the bottom of the fea. But the King himfelf was loafhamed of this foolifh fear, that in amelan- 
 cboliy he commanded thole poordyvers to be fecretly murdered, yes, and afterwards hndrcnicus 
 and Nicias alio ; the end that noperion fliould remain alive that was privy to that fottifli conj- 
 mandment of bis. 
 
 Amids thefcaffiirs,C.wl/<irt««j basing loofsd to (ea from HerAclea^ and with bis. fleet failed to 
 ThefitUnica, landed bis armed fouldicrs in divers places of tfce fhore, and made waft in the tetri- 
 lory all about ; and when they made f allies out of the City and charged upon him, after fomc for. I 
 tunat skirmifhes,he chafed them back and beat ihem witbinthe wals.So as at length he terrified ^ 
 the town it f elf •• but not only they who ranged up and down here and there, unadvifedly approa- 
 chcd tbc wa!s, were wounded with (Tiot discharged ouc of inftruoaents of alllorts, plan- 
 ted npontbe wals ; but tbofe alfo who were in thcfhips, were hutt-witbftones, weighed 
 and ic veiled from eogins a far off. Upon which occ^fion he commafided his louldiers to retires 
 (liipbocrd, and leaving the fiege of Thejfalonica, they pafled from thence to t/Enia, a City fifteca 
 miles cfF, htdste in a fertile foil juft ovtr-againft Vjdn^. When they bad fpoiled the territory lying 
 totha? City, they coafled along the (hore and arrived at hntigomA, Where, being fet aland,fitft 
 \ hey Ipoiled the ccuntrey in every quarter, and brought good ftore of prizes to their (hips .• but 
 afterwards, as:hey Ihagled out of order and difbanded, the Macedonians, as well footmen as jj; 
 borfe, ran Bponthtm.andchared them as they fled apace to the lea fide ; in which rout they flew 
 about 500 and took as many priloners. And nothing cUe provoked thecourageof tbeRomans 
 (in regard as well of utter delpair otherwife tofavethcmlelvcSj asof the indignity it fclf, ibto 
 hazard theirhonour)but only the extreamnecefsity wherein they ftood,having no means tore^ 
 cover tbeir fhips in lafcty. Whereupon they turnea bead, and lenewed the fight upon the very 
 lea (Irand.Tbey alio who were a Qiipboord, furccoured and helped them. In which confiidV, two 
 hundred Macedonians loft their lives, and as many were taken priloners. From A«r<£«»f<itho 
 fleet weighed anchor,&: made bead toward tbc territory of P<«Zf<fw,wbere the fouldiers werefeton ' 
 ftiorcto fpoilthecountrey. Tbeterritory appertained to the confines of the Caffandreans, the 
 nioft fruittull traft of ihole parts which they had coafted and failed by. There,King EfimeKts be- j^ 
 ingdcpirtedhom £/if<« with twenty war fljips mtt with them, Sc likewife five other covert fliips 
 v;eteicnt fr> m King PrHJias. ThcPretor feeing this good encreafe andaddition of bis forces, 
 Cnf»ndreit jooj^ j better heart unto him, even to bcliege " CafMdren. This City was built by King Ciifautier, 
 in the very ft: eight & gullet which jaineth the territory 6fPrf**«<f with the reft of the Macedo- 
 nian coonttey, cndofedoffhe one fide with theTorbnian lea, andon tbc other with theMace> 
 donian, For there lycthouta bank or fhclf like a tongue into the fca, upon which the City ftand- 
 , ctb, and beareth unto the deep, no lefle in compafle and quantity then isthe mountain A;/&0. It 
 buueth full againft Ai^gnejia, with two promontories of unequall bignefs ; of which thegreatec 
 iscaWcdPoJideum ; theleife Cah»ftriam. This town they began to aftail in two divers parts. The 
 Roman (P retor)drew his fortifications to a place called C///4, oppofing certain ftrong forked ^ 
 jiakestorto debar and fliut up the way from the Macedonian <eatoihe Toronian. Onthe other ^ 
 lide there is an Euripe or arm ofthe fea, from which quarter EumeiQes gave the alTaolt. The moft 
 trouble and '.oilthit tbeRomans found, was in damming and hlling up the trench, which PerfcMt 
 had ca!!: sgajutt them a little before , And as the Pretcr enquired where the earth was beftowcd 
 which v.'3s thtownout of the trench iforcfaid, becaufe be could fee no heaps thereof any where, 
 there were fhewed unto him certain vaults and arches within, which bewraisd anew wall, not 
 built to tbe tiiicknefleohheold, but withpcrpend work, laid with one coutfc of brick aadno 
 more. Whereupon he rclolvedfo pierce through thefaid wall, and lo to make way into the City. 
 The wUich he thought to execute and pctforra without being difcovered, incafcbe icaledthe 
 wall in another quarter, and by making a fliout and alarm there, withorew all the defendants of W'' 
 the City to the guard of chat one place. ! here Say in g«i riion at Cajfundrea (being a fuf fictcnt ima^V '• 
 i5€r of ler vice able yong men of the City) tight hundred Agrians, and two thoulana Pencltinrdf 
 Sicttvonj, Itnt from thence by F/fwj-'i'*^." and both thcle nation* are hardy warriors. Whiles 
 thcfe dele:ided the vvals manfully, snd tbeRomans cndcvoured witball their might to mount ovtjr, 
 theibiii vvals of the vaults and archesatorelaid were wrought and digged through in the earning 
 of an hand, and gave entrance into tht City. Now it they who brake in, had been armed (as they 
 were hut pionersj the town had been taken at that inliant. But when as tnefouldiers beard nevvs 
 thr,( ttie laid work wasfiniflied, they luddainly let upachccrfull Qiout for joy, being ready fom^ 
 snore place and ,oq3c in another to rufli into theCity.Th: enemies atthchrtt wondred what th^ 
 mtaniKg iliouldbc cttbit luddain cry: but the captains of the gai'rifon,P;fAo and P/&y/;)>f<«/'r«- ^ 
 re being once advertiled that the town iay open.fuppofing that herein confifteth the vantagc.wbo 
 could hift proent the other aiid give the charge, lallied forth with a ftrong band of Agtians and ; 
 IlUrians .- and Vv/hilej the Romans rallied thcmfelves fome from this place, and others from.that, 
 and were called together for to enter the City with banner difplaied, they (et upon them unready 
 asthey werc,anci not ranged in any good otdcr.putibemtoflight andchafcdthemastarasiotbe 
 t.cnchj^wherc they overthrew thetn one upon another by heaps :^co or very were there killed; 
 i and
 
 ' The four and fortiethBooli^ofT.hivms. 94:^ 
 
 ; A and in maner whom they could reach betwie'nthe wal&tfie trench were fore hiirt.ThePre.ihus 
 • overtaken in bis own enterprifejWJS not fo hilly to projed any ns-w defigns; neirherjped £,W*- 
 Hft any better, albeit at one time be afliulted the City both by land nd !ea. Whcrupon iht-y :ccor» 
 dedbothjl'ofct rtrong guards.forio impcsc'uf.epsffj^^e of aligimfonsout of /^-Cv'^<i«Tthither£' 
 ■- and (lioctf open fores took no better cfftf(fl)toalIiil the wilswitti f.^''.rick^& tngins./Vj ih-y vv-ere 
 ba'ic in preparation thereof.thire ariv>ed ten frigots of the Kin^., lent fro n Maesdarsy vviih zi^- 
 tain leleft auxiliary C3auU. f he<e when they pc*rceived their cnttnics (hips ridirg at inchor,<jli]cJ 
 in fingle range one after another, as clofe as pOJsjbly they could to the fhore in the dark nghr^ind 
 fo cntrcd the City. The bruit thst went of this lisw fuccour and fjarrifon, forced as well ihs }\i- 
 m nsas the King to give over the Hege ; (o fetching a comp?ik about the promontory, ijHcy 
 B arrived before Tero'xr. And, when they began^to lie againft it, after they perceivtd dnca'tb't 
 there was a valiant company there to dtfcnd if, they abandoned thdr enterprjre withoiit t^iii,, 
 & failed to Demetnas.^cxvig approached thither, at^d leemg the waU full of ar I'.ed ir, en, t bev'pj>> 
 fed by and anchored a', lotcoi: ititendmg alter they had fpoiled tf.e tcrritiiry, to fct tipon Utti^ti 
 f)-M/. Mean-while, they Cor.ful alfo,becsu;e he would notfuftill doing nothing in;t,e cnemj^-i 
 couitrcy, fent /I/. Pof//"" withhve tbooland louldiers topivethe aflaultrb Tbp'Citv\4/<r/,i.i::^, 
 Seated it is at the foot of the mountain O/^, on thst (ide which lookcih to Thfa/^^^nd very f?;i) 
 tor the parpole commandeth DemetriM. Ihe firit arrivall of the enemies put th; inlia')Uaats of 
 the plicc in great afi ight ; bat a'tet theyhaJ recovered their fpirits danteJ with fo uiexjeicd 
 fear, iheyranin arms to the Rates, an J up to the waU, where they doub cd andllif jcdcd aay 
 •- place like to give entrance, nd incontinently cot off all hope fro.n the enemi'^s, that it couU pM' 
 fitly be fotced at the firlVarsauit.Wbeieiipon they prepared to hy fi-ge unto it, & began to ir-ake 
 fabricks and engins to barter the wals. P<?//^«/hiving iniciligcice, t hit in one iaUlijtbotb^^"- 
 /;^ie4was beleaguered by the Conlul, and alio that the flcst anch. red before /*/£■«/, to the inun: 
 that frocii thence hi might go in hand to ihi'lD^meiriM : lent E»p/jr4«ar one of his captains, 
 with a chofen regiment of two fhourandfouldiers to ^t/.iJij; with thiS charge and diredibn*V 
 Toat if he could raile the liege from l>\etti>xi and force the Romsns to dcpar ,ft« fl.ou'd ni'rcJa 
 feccetly.to Denetrin',Si put himlelt wiihin the town,'itf jte the Rom:nt could remove frjm /.;/. 
 cot and advance before the City. TheavTiilans of Meltl:a-t difcovering h.m wi:htiii fr.rccs all at 
 once upon the higher places, q'jit their faancksai^dengmsinfcirfu! hsif.andi'et them allonfirt ; 
 TN and thuahcy departed f om -efore Melibai. EnphrAior having levied the li'.'ge from the one Ci- 
 ty,forthwithled tiisaimy toD^w.-rr/i/.And then the citizens alsur^fd tbemMves,tbat they llvjuld 
 be ablr not only to defend thi City againft ih:: fie^;e, but alio to lave thcu- territory; f.oai wiit 
 andfpoil; and lo they male laliKS upon the forrager^difpcr.ed lo'3fl/ here aid thJrc, not wi:h- 
 cut drawing bloul of their cneinies. Ho.vbi:t thj l^re'.or and the King roie soojt thi wjIs, and 
 vi:wedthe(ituationofthetoA^n,itperadvcnturethey cojld elpii any one place which they were, 
 like to force, either with battery of engins or fore ; of arm;. Xat voice wenr, thitby the means 
 oiCjias the Crctenlian, and hitiocb^tt govern )r o- DemTtrias there was a treats of peace and 
 amity between P6»//p and E«OTf/!?/, But hoAfiojvcr it was, this is certain, both ^umeutt sr.dtx^c 
 Prttor departed Uom Dim:tria4. Asfot E.'<w«'»f/, be lailed to theConful and lellified unto him 
 thcjoythvthe conceived tor his lafs and profp-ious entrance into y-l/^fifiijw^, an J from thence 
 ^ returned to ?ergamit! into his own realm. But M^trtntt Fignlus thePtc'or, when he hadlrnt 
 panofh'.s fleet into the harbor of 5f«d(6«i mere to winter, with the relt ufhjs fhips wentto 0- 
 rtumm Boeitta .M'uppoling it a commodious City, 'rom whence viduils and all provilionsmighc 
 bp lent to the armies that abode either in M««.'^<>«7 or T/rffi/r. As touching E«w.*«f/, funJry 
 authoisbave wrutendiverfly. It a manflioulJ go byf^^/fr/si /f»»;/4J3nJ belcevchr.n, hercpoit- 
 etb that neither the Prctorhadany help t'rom him b, bs navy, njtwitb.tandingihat oftentimes 
 be had lent for him by his letters ; (\o took his leave of the Conlul in good terms with favour,at 
 what time as he was to depart into A/7.i, as being highly dilplcaled, that he was not permitted to 
 oaarter with him in one ScJtCie iaaie canpjinfomach as he could not pofsibly be enrrcated b, himj 
 f to leave behind that Cavalry otGtiKwuch he hii &rou;h: tnither wiUi him. As for Ar; .i/«/ his 
 biothsr.heremained ftill with the Con.ulfas Falenui faith) md Continued (yncere an i taithtul un- 
 to hitn without aiy change ani aitcration ;vea aoj p .(formed right good lervicc inalithat war. 
 Daring the e wars in Ni,(Cfii«»7, therecame Embalfador& from beyond the f^lpiioRo.ne \<-nt' 
 from a pety K.of theGaulsf5 j/^sc/ hi had to name, but of what hnagc be was oclcendcd it is mt 
 ecorded) promifing aid to me Macedonian war. Tbankedthey were from the Senar, oiid 
 nrelents were (entU)tn them : to wit.a chain of gold weighing two pound j certain golden cups 
 ffour pound weight, a Dravecourlec barbed and trapped, and an horicmans armor. After theld 
 Gauls vtf^ere "one out of place, the Emialsidors oi ?amph)lia brooght with them into the Scnat 
 a^-'oldcncrovn, valcweJat aoooo P/j(/»/»-peeccs of gold : their requefi was, that they might 
 be'petmitted tofet upthcfaid prdcnt andoolarion i.uhechappellof //^;. 0/>.', /Kf^-v. aodlike- 
 ^ wife to lacrifice withintn.- C»pitol. Their p;titio:i was gafited.- and when ttiefe Embafisdors 
 were dcfious to renew the amity between them and the Romans, they received agrsciousan.^ 
 fwer and had of them a reward lent of two thouland Aises. Then the Hmbadadors of King Pru' 
 ras and anon alter, others from the Rhodians had audience ; who of one and the fame argument ' 
 difcourled divetfly ; for both tended to one thing, namely, a treaty for reconcilement of peace bi." 
 t ween ihc Rom. 6c K. ?er[eHu ?ri*fiM iccmed to irtr.-at rath .'r then to dema.id:ptatetli.'?j« ta.t he '
 
 Q ^4 J be four andforthtb Bool{ of T. Livius. 
 
 'had ever to that day flood with, the Remans in that war ;sEd wiljirglj would friend themflil pj 
 " to the very end thereot : but I nee that there came Embifladprs urto him notaPerfttis. and 
 " dealt with him to make an end otthe war between him and the Romans, and for that be pro- 
 <' miled themtobe a mediator and interceflor for. him to the Remans: therefore his requeft 
 "unto them was (if they could fo find in theirs hearts)to (lint their anger, &fo iheyfhcuidure 
 " him in any fervice, as one that would acknowledg himfelfbeholden unto them for a favor, in 
 " effeding this atonement and reconciliation.ln th)s maner( I jfay)rpake the K. his Embaffadors. 
 . " But the Rhodians contrariwife, in a proud humour of theirs, reckoned op a beadroll o their 
 '^ demerits to wards the people of Rome., attributing the greater part(beleeve me;of the victory of 
 ," K. yZ/if/oc/jw/ to ihemfelves: moreover they added and faid, that when the Macedonians and 
 ;"■ Romans were at peace,they began to enter into league and amity with K. Pcrjeja: which they j 
 " had interrupted and dikcntinued agamlf their wiSl ; not upon any deferc or occafionoiven of 
 " his pare, but only becaufe it pleafed the Romans todraw them into theaffociationofthe war. 
 " Three dales now a!ready(fay they)have we felt the fmart of this war and lived by the loffe ; by 
 '' reafon that the feasare fliut r.pfrom us^and ourliand is decaied anddilircfled for need and 
 '' wantjhavinglolf our collage and cuHoms ifluing from thefeas, which we are not able to en- 
 '^ dure any longer, have addrefledEmbafladors to /"*?-/«</ into A^^.fe^o«;,toJntimace unto him, 
 "that the Rhodians wiil and pleafure was, that he Ihoiild grow to a comp ohtion and be at 
 '• pea<.e with the Romans. Our felvesalfo are fent to Ron.e lo declare the fame: and like wife to 
 <' denounce, that whofoevtr fliailimpeai.h and hinder this courle tending topacihcation, the 
 ^'Rhodians wilconliderofthem accordingly ai bethink how they are to proceed againtt them, ^ 
 ] am verily perfwaded, thatthereisnoman atthisday, who can hear or read thisfbut hisHo- 
 mack will rife thereat with indignation 5 guefle then thereby how theLL. of the Senac oti?a»«c 
 were alfeded and touched as then, at the hearing thereoi CUudms mine author faith, that there 
 was no anlwer at all given unto themOnly an arelf or decree of theSenat was read before them, 
 Imponing thus much, that by order from the people oi Rorr.e^xUt Carians fi Lycians were made 
 free .• and prefently.were letters difpati-hed to both nations to fignifie fo much unto them.Which 
 when the principal perfons of the embaflage once heard,even he, whofe big and brave words a 
 little before, the whole Senat-boufe was hardly able to contain, fell down fiat before themina 
 iwoonand extatle. Other Hilforlans write, that this anfwer was returr^ed, "That the people of 
 '' Rome at the very beginning of this war, knew affurediy (by intelligence given from perfons of. 
 ' rightgood credit) how theRhodians'hadfecreily complotted witn Pe?-rf/<iagainfttheftateof 
 '■'■Ronie:zx\d if therehad been feme doubt thereofbefore, yet the words ot'the Embafsadors ere- 
 *- whi le delivered, made all deer and put it part peradveniure : and no marvell, hnce that for the 
 ^- moil part it falleth out,_that fuch cautelous praitifesihowfoever at the firll they are covertly & 
 -' cleanly caried,yet one time or other are bewraied and diicovered.Let the Rhodians fend their 
 " meisengers O'.er the world and fpare not ; let them m.ike themfelves judges to determine of 
 <' wsrar.d peace at their pleafure ; as for the Romans they will take arms in hand,and lay them 
 "down again atthe will and appointment of the gods in heaven.Weare wellhoipenupnow in 
 t' (ked, ir we muM have thegods no moreto be witnef';cs of our accords, but the Rhodians for- 
 t' footh. And mu(l the Romans (I would not elfe) be ruled by them, and withdraw their forces 
 4' out ot Ai-cedo>!y ? They will confider and adviie themfelves how to proceed a^ainft us ! How M 
 .' n-iall wcdothcn? VVhatthe Rhodians will fee to, well may they perhaps themfelves know: 
 "but the people of ^owiT fthat is certain) wellco«)hder indeed and refolve after that P^v/^w is 
 
 Hov 
 
 provi 
 
 ler :and behdcs.had taken lio of ihe Epirois twenty ihoufand Modii of wheat and ten thoufand 
 
 of barley, for which corn ihey fliould make mony ready at A-^wf to foment their Embafsadors.N[ 
 
 Alfo that they muB fend from Rom; fou'diers liveries and other apparel ; and need he had befides 
 
 ofioo horff or thereabout; efpeciaily ofyV»w/c;/M;for in thofe parts" he had no plenty of any thin<». 
 Hereupon ?n a^ was granted out of tKeSenat-That all thefe things fliouid be done according to 
 the tenor of the Conful hisletters. So C. Sulpitim the Pretor bflrgjined for the tranfportingover 
 \mo Alr.cidoino'! 600 fide cafsocks and gnoofliorc coats rr jackets together with horfe°;for 
 tobedifpofed anddiflributed at thedifrretion ofthe Conful :andbehdes paid the Embafsadors 
 cttheHpirotb goodmony for their gr»in. He brought aifo into iheSenat OnefimM thefonof 
 P^r'.'c a noble perlcnage o\ M,Kcdoyiy.1\\\% man was evermore ot cornfel with the K.perfwadint^ 
 liim to reate:andadmoniflied him as his father P/?///;; before h'm obferved an.ordcrevento the 1 
 time of death to read over twice a day from point to point the inflrument ot the accord & cove- O 
 nants between him and the Romans ; <o he alio would take up that rood cuftomeardpraiftile 
 Ihefame i'nr.t iV continually yet at leoflwife many a time and often. Eut when he could by no . 
 tneanes icare him r.orr vert hismind from war. he began at firfl ro withdraw and abfenthim- 
 le!t, alledgm;^ forhisexcufe one while this occafion. and oiherwhiles that, becaufe he would 
 not be prefem at the debating of thofe matters which he appro\ed not:and in the end perceiving 
 
 ♦ that
 
 The four dnd fortieth BooJi ^f^' Liviiis. p a k 
 
 A that be was had in fome jealonfie,& otbcrwbiles charged to be s traitor ,he changed his allegeancc 
 rerolted to the Rom. andlerved the Confol in right good ftcad This Onef.mus being brought inic 
 the Senat hoafe, related all thsfe premiffcs .• whereupon the Senit ordained, that he ihould be en- 
 rolled formally in the number of allies .* alio, tb»t hefhouldbeprovidedof alodgin-^, and hisor- 
 dinary expenccsfortbe time allowed at theCities charge. Mort;over,2co acres ot'iind in t be teri- 
 toryof Tarenium, which was confil'cat to the people oiRomt, flioald be let out iot him? and a 
 meffuage in Tarentnm bought for bis habitatioo.|Tofce all mis petforn.ed.C. Dccimus the P letcr 
 bad in charge. 
 
 TheCenfors upontbt* thirteenth of X>^«w^(rr, fookafurvey of the number of citiz^-ns and 'idtbHiUum-- 
 ■neltimatof their goods, more ftreightly then aforetime. Many were unknighted and had their '"*'• 
 B borles taken from tbemj and P.Ruti/ifts among the reft, who when he was Tribune of the Com. 
 bad been their acculer and called them fo violently to reckoning; degraded he wasbeddes and 
 displaced out of his own tribe, & made no better then a very labourer m the Cities works. Wher- 
 at the one moity of the Cities renews and profics for that yeer.was let by and aliowei unto tbet?! 
 by the trea(urcrs(aceording to an ordinance of the Senat) Til'. Scmprontus cat ot the aiony iisig' 
 nedunto him, purchafed thehouleofP, /f/>/f4»i« on the back (ide of the old C«>-/4j neer the -^'"Tt/fist. 
 image of FortttKUS t the (hops alto wherein they (old wool! and the other adjoining thsreto, all to 
 the ulc of the City. Hecauled like wile the (tately palace to be built, which after wa.ds was called 
 Sempi ania Bifiltca, . .i, 
 
 Nowwastheyeer come about and well neer at an end, whenbyreafonofthegreaecareprini 
 C cipally about the Macedonian war, men began to talk, whom cbcy were to create tor Confulsa= 
 gainlt the next yeer to atchieve and end the laid war ? Whereupon there palled i decree of theSe- 
 nat,thitC«.5tfrW/«j with all ipced polsible,fhould mikc hafl: to Rometor to hold a general aflcCi « 
 bly of eledion. This decree Sn/piiiHs the Prctor within few diies after read to the Co/.to the end 
 that he fhould repair home into the City before the day prefixed. Wherupon both the Cof.hailr.ed; 
 Sc the laid eledlion was alio furnifhed by the d jy appointed.Gufl. theic were cremd, L.JUmy/iits 
 Faitlus ihs (econdtime (even 14 yecrs after his former C.)nit/lfli!p^wicl3 C- icimus Crafut. 
 The day following were the Pretors jKo chofcn, to wit, C«.. Babms ramphilHs,L, Anicms GaU 
 Ins, Cn, O^AViuf, P.Fome:Ms Ball>HJ, M*r. EbmiHs Hclva, and C,?ap}ritts Carho. Toe careful! 
 regard of the Macedonian warcaufed every thing to be done with greter expedition Andthere- 
 £j fore it WJSthoughtmeet,tbatthefeneweleftmagiftratsrhou!d calt lotsootof hand for their pro- 
 vinces,thatit mghtbi known to whether Cof.>i/rfc*^o«;,and to wbichPretorfuecoi)du(Soh rbe 
 navy fhould fall $ that thereupon they might prelently coniider and provide for all --hings requifit 
 to the war, &iequirc th:;idyice of the Senat ssieed req lired.O daioed it wis wh;ri the Coniuls 
 were entred into their officcto folemnize the Latine feftivall hoiidaies as (oon as they migfi: cu.i» 
 veniently.witbout oflFence of the gods and breach of any religious order-tthat the Coniui whole ioe 
 fellfogo into Mtictdonj., were notdcteined behind upon any occaion. After tocic ordinances 
 Ir4/;andi^.»«</«»/,werenonunjied for the provinces of the t wo Cooluls; and for the Pretors.tbe: 
 two civill jurifdiaions withinthe City of /Joo»f, the navy, 5p«f«, ^icilj mi SdrdiutaAa^ae' 
 MacedenjitW to .£*»;// «x the Con ful, and Italy \.o Ltcmus.Qi Pcetors,C»,L<ce/'tus vas lord chief 
 P joft ice ot the pleas of citizens, and L. ^»»<r<»/ of aliens, Anditthe ien.it inougtitgood to find 
 *^ the navy any whither, Cjk. Off^f/*^ had the the charge thereof as L. admiral!. P. F;Mr<f«/ was ap- 
 pointed by lot L. Deputy of S;>4/». M.Lbmiusoi Sittlj^ and C.?4pfriat ot Saramta, 
 
 All men (oon (aw, that L.^Ew;/**/ intended not to go coldly about the maaatjing of that war^ 
 )oth for that be was not an ordinary man, but lingular above all other, and alto bcc^iul'e that nighE 
 tnd day bemufed and Itudied upon nothing el(e, out that which was lequifit and pcrtinep.t there- 
 into. The firftthing of all wherewith he went in hand was th's ; a rcquclt to the Seoat for tc 
 dlpatch ccrlaindelegatcommifsior.ersinto hUceJunj/ , to vilit the armies -here and the armado; 
 tc make true report upon their certain knowlcdg, what was needtuU tote done tortbedpjlf cf 
 lie forces as well by Imd as lea 5 alio to lie in efpiall & eftimat as much is poGibiv they coullf her 
 p Kings power ; moreover, what quarter of the province weietakeo by our men, and which tha 
 the enemies kept; whether the Romans lay encamped uilhvitnmifieforrcft, orit rhcv werepsl- 
 fed beyond the ftreights and come into the even ground ; whncMitiiiuctitrufty allies, who were 
 fufpefted, who hung in doubtfull terms;, as wuofc faith depcr-dcd upon fortune .- wholeemcdto 
 be profeflcd enemics.-how great the provilions were ot viduali;frjm wfiencethey were convcigb- * 
 cd by land;lrom what p aces tranlported by water;&l lily, what exploits bad cecn done the fuiU-* 
 iner pall both by land and fea .• foppohng, that for a ligtx given and certain inrcliigcnce dei.wercd 
 of thefc thing'., he might be (ore y direded in the calling and laying of future plots & delignmems,- 
 So the Senat granted out a comroifsion to Cw, SetviUns ihe Col", (orto lend thedelcgats into A-Ia" 
 «iitf«;, luch as L. t/£w;^/«i thought good ot. Whereupon within two daics after, C/». Dcmt^ 
 tiur MnebarbHs nm A. Licivius N^rva, too\i ihelt journey as legatsand couimilsionets. News 
 ^caine mtbe latter end of this yeer, that it rained Hones twice, namely in the teiritoiy of ^awr 
 and likcwiit about ren : and therefore a novendiall (acnficc was ccli. orated. This yeer there di- ; 
 ed certain priefts, na nely, F«^. Qjtmttlius raras, a ihinin of M^n;*A<i M.CUnd hi Mar stilus s 
 Deccmvitjin whole room was iubffitutedC«f«/ Oi?<ir;«j.And now noted it wasjthst thems'^- 
 nific:nce and pott of the people of ^^^wsencrealcd, fot that in the plaics called Cnr^w/ci ex- • 
 bibited by fubUns ^trntliHS Seipio Na/ica^itid Pftblim LcntHlitt >fcdilcs Curule, tbreeicoreand : 
 
 ^brs©
 
 Q/^6 The four andforti ztb Boo\ of T. L ivius. 
 
 3 wildbcafts outof v^/r/r^,with 40 be8rs=3£ elcph»nts,werc baited to make fport tothc people, h 
 
 When L. zy£»t)IiusTa-^ltt^^ndV. Licir,ius ertred their. Conlulfliip upon the 6f;eanbof 
 Aiarch. which was the beginning of the yter following, theLL.ohhe Senat wcrt »»great ex- 
 pedancy, and cfpecially what the Coiiful would ptopoieunto them as touching the Maccccnian 
 war.whicb was bis proper provirce.Bui fanlus laid 1 hist be had nothing to propound and put to 
 councel, feeing that the Delegais aforefiid were not returned. And at Brunduf>um(cmaih\it) 
 theynowarc, having twice in their voiage upon the Tea been driven back by tempcft at d caft 
 upon Dynhachium. But lo foon as I am once advcrtilcd and have peifefl knowledg of thofe 
 things that firlt arc to be known, I will then coniul; ; and that w ill \ t within very few daics.Novv 
 lotheend that nothing may (by and hinder his journey, he to' ..unj, that fheeven before the 
 Jdes of Jfr>l, was appointed tor the loiemnity of the L atine Jci-ilivil holydaies. And after isci- T 
 ficeduiy pettorroed Quponthe AlbanehilQ the Scnar (boui.i nolooncr orocin, but hcardC». 
 Oa^v.'Ht would let tonh and put themlelvcs on their way. As for C\ L.c.^mthii coHeaeue, his 
 ch:rge (hould be m his ab:ence 10 provide and (end all thingi rtquifit ai:d needfull tor this war ' 
 Mesn while (qooth he; the embalMCS otforrain nations insy haveaudiencc given. So when h^ 
 bid (scnficcd as themaner was. before they jook in bp,nd tbeg,c4t atfairsot itate,tbc En^oafla- 
 dors oi ^Icxaidria, tiomK.og \^tefomeut sr^d qaeer. CUopana, were called in. Clad they were 
 jr, poor array, tbebair of their head loo-, their beards fide and overgrown : «od carrN ing m their 
 hands branches of the Ohve- tree, tuey entred into the S^n t, and fell orovtliu.' and proU-,! up- 
 cnthefijor.Theirhib;tandapp3.£l uasnot lofimpleamH jr.QurrK.lj >hc.rlr^okand coumen»occ 
 no; to heavy and for^.owfull, but th.ir fpccch was more p,<e.u. an J hmentable. ^m^ochu, now J 
 K..g otS)r,a, and who had lomctime been holbge at Ro,;c und-, a colourable pret.r ce^ 
 of bonelty and equity to rejore Pr^/.«.«, the elder to hi. Kingdom, maae hot war upon his yon- 
 ger Dtother, who rheri held .lU.v.ndna : and .her a viftory obtained ,n (e a fight neer P./i« 
 be made a bridg ot hafty work upon the river 2V,/us, over which he tranfpoited bis army, & no w 
 laid lege to A/exa.dru :io as by all l-kelyhood he wo.ld ftoitly by way of conqueft b^ lord of 
 amoUnch and wealthy Kingdome. In wb.ch regard, tude Embafladors made pitifull moan and " 
 gnevcus cotT,pUir,t,- befeeching witha 1 the Senat,of their aid and fuccour to thalreaLTnd thofe 
 ; K,ngs, who were luchtr.ends to their feignory and dominion. Forperl waded thej^were ,S at 
 the peoplcof^.«,.haddonefo muchfor ^.noch». ..psnicu-.r^ wereofthat account & ru" 
 '*thority..;ta ail other Kmgs and nations, that if they would but end their Embaffadorsoint i- r*^ 
 ■• m.te thus much, taat ibc Scn.t was not well plealed with wag, g war upon o^^^^^^^^^ ^ 
 
 |;be would pre.cntiy,a:le bis flege=departfro,n before the waisofL.Jrj^L^^^^^^ 
 
 n r"/ "''^' '"^Arr- ^"'^^ -^'^ P^°"''^^'^ '^^ '""'^ '°"g *"^ -i*^!* ed thus todo,^hea 
 Qiould r,cionu^» zuAChopatra witbin a while be driven out of .heir realm, and forced to come 
 to^.«,. withfomelh.mefull fpotof d.iaonourto th.pcopleof ijL, in;thartbey ba^noT^^ 
 
 " their bdping bind itt that exrrcamdanger of all their fortunes The LL.ot the Senat moved S 
 
 compal.onatchepr,ier.oft,Ki. Al^.«ndriansJentinconr.net;:ly C.P^^^^ 
 
 tber for tnend nor confcderaie, whom it was long of that the war w s no^ Jvenoier loxhtlc ^ 
 three rcgeiher with the AlcxirdrisnEmb2(radorsrtockthp.rlp,„^w,-,i!-Kj- a ' 
 
 Then the torlaid Ddegats returned from ou oMW^^^^ ^t ^^"'''^' 
 
 M,.cr.a called On..,..,rus. and not before hT/cr^'Ww f 1 lor '.1^?^'''^ "" '° 
 had It tioc been eventide when 1 hey csme. the Co'niulsu-oui^Le^^^ 
 together. But tlic morrow after the Jicnat iat, and thoft- carr^r^Hc Jl \!l !• ^ " 
 
 port they made hrll, that wiih more dan ben p'ot ena^S" ' ."/a r^v'e^n/T ^'".J) ^r 
 «7Pver thole palies and ttreiahts. whe-e wasno way nor paG "far i^f ^l ^ T 'u T ^""^t 
 counrrey oJ Vur,a. into which the Roai.n armirjarnoSadf n et dT "mn^^^ '^''^5 
 one to the other, that no:hinq hut the river £«/;.ri« b.t J^et I n^f wercio neer encamped 3 
 
 K. made otf.r of Da.tel.nnr tbe Rom we e of iXT-nt Pn^l' -i^?^ "'l" """^'/' *^" "'^"^^ "^^^ ■ 
 
 moreovcr,hn,fcewii.erbad„vertakcn hmftim uoi;-lo^^^^ 
 
 iouldici s were n.zled and noanfl.ey in idi nd.i. .Xi iS^^^^^^^ '''' 
 
 bic the K a,.c put h,m to L trur ps n a batfd h^ ^^cLn,dtim, be mtght be adc to trou- 
 him. arc theafteUe'sirltxt^eaml!^; dy,u s'w rh^""^ ^."^ ''^^ ,^>«^ 
 
 tbe.,orcl(etheydraw(rornthei,cVabe.c beyar.rtoy^^^^^^ 
 
 bow irom the camp :hey went toward^ the fl er^Jher. ^f '^"''/.•^>"^ and befi.-ea they rdated, , 
 
 men and marineis Lrc'de.d of Snds o be^ fn/ ^ '"oL'^ff "/"s" '^^ f ''V^ ' d 
 gone home agam ,0 their ownhoufes inVomiTch a.?her!^.^' "^^ '^"'" '^^ ^"-^^ W"« Vv 
 
 thofe that rcr^ained , h.d neuhtrTbnr wap s n,,d^ ""' "^'" ''° ^ '" '"''"' '^'^ ^'PSJ^ - 
 
 parelto hangomhe r backs As for SIl/^K ^ '"°"i' '°P.".' '".'^^^'^ P-^rlc, nor liveries & ap- ' 
 
 bis
 
 The four and jfomb Bm{6ftJJivmL ^ 
 
 ^ bis brother. When thefeLegats had fpoke,then faid L.e/£w///««,Lecusdebateflovv in couccilL 
 what is to be done as concerning the laid war. SotheSenat'"8rdained, that for eight Jegions'khl 
 Confulsand the people (hoiild cleft an equall number of marciall Tribunes or Colohelsr the one 
 as many as the other 5 and thatnone fliould be created and advanced to that place tor that year, 
 butfuchashad bornfomchonourabledignity: then, out of all thole Tribunes thus eieded, that, 
 L.i>EmyliHs QnoxAd make choife forthofe two legions which were to go mioM^icsdony^Qi whom 
 he would himfeU" : alfo, that after the folemhity of the Latine teafis performed , L. ^yEmylius the 
 Confui.and r.Off<jw</ the Prxtorand Admirall of the fleet, fliould depatt intothdr Provinie„ 
 A third was joyned in commilfion with them.to wh,L.Anidi':s ihe Prartor and L.chief JiiHice for 
 ftrangers. And ordained it was,that he fliould pals into Illyrictim about Ltchnidum, for to fiiaeed 
 
 B j4fCUud u(. The charge of taking muflers was put upon C. Liciiusthe Conful. He had com- 
 nriandmentto enroUfeventhoufand [foot] Citizens o{ Rome, sr)d twohnndredhorfemen and to 
 charge the Latine allies with alevy offeventhoufand footmen, and four hundred hoi fe, Alfoto 
 fend letters unto C/j,5"f/w//«/, who governed thePrbvince of 6\i«/, ioenro;llu hundred men of 
 atms. This army he had commandment to fend Vvith all convenient ipeed to his Colle"ue into 
 Macedo»y^ fo as in that Province there flibuid hot be above two legions, ard the lame lull ahd 
 compleat,containing fix thoufand foot, and three hundred horfe apiece. As tor the UirLreafe.as 
 Wellof the Cavalry as Infantry, they iTiould be difpofed and betlovvcd in uindry gartifohj.And all 
 Inch as were unmeet for lervice,wereto be ca'ffed sndfent away. Moreover,the allies were puc 
 tofec out and find loooo foot,and 800 horfe.Andihofe were tolerveingar.ifonunder ^«;t-/- 
 
 C «;,over and above thetwolegionYwhichhe was commanded to lead into /J/;jrf,^o»;')ccnfinin'^ 
 of 5: 00 foot, and 300 hdrfemen either ofthem. Alfo lor the navy were enrolled 5000 marinerl 
 and rowers, L/«'M/«/theCof, was appointed to defend and kep in obedience his Proiinie witH 
 two legions, and to take befides of allies ten thoufand foot, and fix hundred hcj-fe. 
 
 Afterthefe ordinances of the Senat were accompliOiedX. o£/»;/;«i the Cof.vventforth of th 
 
 •• luted Cof.or that day wheredpori I firllentred into government : ?c for no other reafon inihfi ^iKutr.e, 
 D " worldjbut upon the opinion which you have conceived ^that the Macedonian war, which hath 
 '* fo long continued, may be brought by my mean? to fuch an end as be/eemeth the greatrt's ard 
 " ma jeliy of the people of /Jowf. And for mine own felfl havegoodh'ope,thatasthepcds infa- 
 •• vourhave directed this fortilege, lb they will be prefent and propitious unto me in performirc' 
 " the fervice.ln thefe matters,! i"ay,l am but carried partly with conceit and p.irtjy with hope. lint 
 "this one thing lam aflured of; yea and I dare affirm and promifeonmy own head, that 1 will 
 '' endeavour my I'elf and employ all that is in me, that this your good opinion of me may not be 
 *' in vain conceived. As forali things neceffary and requifite to this war-jboth theScnat hath or- 
 " dained ; & alfo,tOr that they have thought good I fliould depart immediatly (for which try fel£ 
 " am well pleafed and contented,neither in me there fhall be any delay ) my Collegiic f . Hciniu.', 
 j" ariOgularm'an,3ndof great valour,will provide with as great careand diligentcas ifhimfeif 
 " had the full conduft of this war.For the etfe£lingwhcreof,fee that whatfoever I Oiail write ei- 
 " thertotheSenat,orto you,yebeleeve for true: as for running rumours which have no certain 
 '•author-give no ear and belief thereto ; neither feed them with your toolifl) credulity. Fornovv 
 "adaies verilyj(a thing that 1 have obferved to fall out ordinuily inthis war)thereisno man fet- 
 *'teth fo littleby the common bruits that are hhzcd abroad, buthisfpirit and courage maybe 
 " thereby quailed and danted. In all meetings now yea and at every boord(I would not elfe)ye 
 <' fiiall have them,that in their table talk will lead your armies into Afarcdony. that know wherg 
 *' they are to lodge and encamp; what commodious places are to befeized and kept v/ithgarri- 
 *'fons ; at what time and through which pafs the entry mufl be made into M,-.ccdo.:y; where the 
 F «' garners and florehoufes for corn fhould be built and fet ; which way by land and Tea both, the 
 "provifions of viftuals ought to be brought; when the time fer vet h to encounter and fight with 
 <' theenemy,and whentofit (Vill andrefi. Neither are they content to fet down and pronourice,, 
 "what is to be done for the better: but if ought hap to bemanagedotherwife than they havi: 
 " judged expedient they are fo bold as to controll the Cof.^ ea.and ready to commcn e pro.efs s- 
 «' gainft him judicially .Thefe are flirowd hindrance;,! may tell you, to warriors &. men of aition/ 
 " For all men have not the gift of refolution and conlkncy to negleilthefpeech and talk o'" men, 
 <' as fometimes F<i?'/«jhad, who chofe rather to have his authority & command diminiilied and 
 ^•impairedby the tolly and vanity of lewd people, than with their favourable applaufeand good. 
 '^ opinion to manage his affairs but unto ward^ly. Yet takemenotfo,asifI werea man that would 
 q" have no captains to be admonifhedaiidadvifed by others ; nay contr.riwife, ofthis judgment 
 "Iam,Thathe who workethallbyhisfelf-wit&followeth only his own head is fe!f-wilied and 
 <^ proud,and nothing fageSc wife.What is then to be done? Firll in mine opimon,Generals and 
 " Commanders ofarmiesjare tobeinftrufledby difcreet and prudent men; hy fuch as are skilful 
 '*'by profelTioh in feats of arms and niilitaryfcience; bythofe alfo that by long pi'«fti!ear6. 
 "throughly experienced: nay rhorethanthat, they ate to be taught ard counfclled bv.ihem.thk" 
 '' areufually prefentandconverfant in (heexeciuion of affairs, who daily fee the advantage of 
 
 Mfrtmm' <*■ placet,/
 
 0^8 "fhe four and fortieth Boo\ o/T.Liviui5, 
 
 "places,mark the proceeding of the enemies^and obfervethe opportunities of times :thofe(iray)ft 
 
 *' who as paflengers in one (hip, are-partakers of the fame danger. If there be any -oian there.foie> 
 
 " who is verily perfwadcd ofhimfelt, that he is able to diredl me and give meany*couDfell(in the 
 
 **condu£tof this war which I havein charge)forihe good of the Common-weal, letbimcome 
 
 «forth,and not deny his helping hand to the weal publike,and go along with mc wto Macedony. 
 
 *'FurniflihimI fhalljwiih (hip with horre,with ient-room,withcondil6t-money,and all things 
 
 "neceffarytorhis voyage.Ifanybeloathfoto do, and had rather fit warm at home preferring the 
 
 "eafe andrepofeoftheCity beferethe traveland painofwarfare, lethimnot here on the land 
 
 " take upon him to play the pilot and fteerfman at lea.Matter he ftiall find enough within the CL- 
 
 *' ly to talk of,and feek no farther ; let him hold him there &; keep his babble and prattle to him- 
 
 "felf:know he(whoroeverheis)that we will content our fehes with our own counfell about us I 
 
 ♦ The iirtof "in the camp. And this oration ended, and the Latinefeftivalsfokmnized the day before the *ca- 
 
 Februa>y. « lends oiMnrch-, together with the facrifices duly celebrated upon the Alban moutit : the Cof. 
 
 and the Prxtot Cn.OU-vius departed incontinently into M.icelony.li is recorded in the Chroni- 
 
 des^that the Cof.was honoured with a greater frequency that accompanied him ihanufu. liy had 
 
 beenknown: and that men prefaged in manner aflurcdly, theendof the Macedonian war:hovv 
 
 tkeCof fliould have a fpeedy return, and obtain a brave and glorious triumph. 
 
 During thefe occurrents in Italy-, Perfem who (becaufe he vvas to be at the charges of disburfin^ 
 money;neier thought ofit) to go through with that whidi beforehehadbegun,namely, toad- 
 joynunto him Cwf/'«jKingofche Illyrians: To foonas he perceived that the Romans werecn- 
 tred thenraights,and the war come now to this extremity of hazard; thought good novv to make |j 
 th^tfure and put it off no longer. VVhereas therefore he had covenanted &piomifed by his Em-_ 
 ■ baffador Hipp Mihtte, hundred talents of hlver, with condition alfo, that for fecurity hoftages 
 fliouid be put in of both parties interchangcablydie fent PAntiwctu one of his mod truHy friends 
 lodifpat^h and make an end of this affair. This Pantaucus met the Illyrian King at Medcon in the 
 Country of L.iOcati^ : where he both took an oath of the King, and alfo received his hoftages. 
 Gn:tins likewife fent his embaffadorjnamed Olympio^to demand thefemblable oath o't Perfem,iiid 
 require hollages accordingly: with him were certain perfons fent of purpofe to receive the money, 
 who alfo by the advice of the faid Pantaacus were to goinemb.iffie with the Macedonians to 
 Rhoder.inA the men hereto appointed viextParmenio^ud Marcus. But they had in charge and 
 commiirion after the oath taken, after hoftages & money received, to go to /I/jc^m, & not before, L 
 Good hope they conceived that the Rhodians might be foHicited and induced to take arms a- 
 gainll the Romans,by ufing the name of thefe two KK. at once : and this account they made that 
 if this State which carried the renown and honour above all others for fea-fervice, would once 
 combine and band with them they fliould leave theRomans no hope at all, either on land orfea. 
 Whenthelelllyrians arrived, Perftus departed with all his Cavalry from before the rivet' E«//>(f»x 
 where he wasencamped,andencountred them near D/«w, There were all the complements per- 
 formed accordingto thecoven3nts,in thelightand midd of the Cavalry,whom the K.of purpofe 
 would needs have to be prefent at this accord of affociation made between him and K. Geutius^ 
 fuppofing that it would comfort & encourage them the more. So the hoftages were givtn and ta- 
 ken in the prefence of them all. They alfo who were to receive the money were fent to Pel/a j^ 
 wheretheK.histreafurelay: snd ihoi'c that (hoald go io Rhodes with the Illyrian embafladors 
 had comandment to embark at TheJfahijica.Now viisMetrcdorus there,!ately come from Rhodes: 
 whoaff^.ired them by the means of D;o«& Pe/y^r^ifK;, two principallperfonages of that City that 
 the Rhodians were preft and rea.dy to war. Whereupon the faid Metrodonis was appointed the 
 chief in this embafiage of Macedonians and Illyrians together. At the fame time likewife was ad- 
 drefled and imparted both unto Enmenes & alfo unto y^ntiochtis^WKh advi:e and counfel in com- 
 mon, .is the prefent condition wherin their affairs flood,might minifter& afford argument-name- 
 iy,"' That a free City and a K. were two; by n3ture,enemiesthat pofTibly conldnot fort together: 
 '■'•That thepeoplcot/?(?wf went in hand with them feverally one alter 3nother:&:Cthat which vvas 
 *' a greater indignity.'?; unfupportabIe)ufed the force of KK to overthrow then ate of KK.For fo, j,^ 
 ''■by the aid of ^rr^/.wthey had brought his father /"/;;//;) to ruin:hy the help likewife of £/'»»?»<■/, 
 " & partly alfo of his father /'/i///;),y4«//W;«,( was defeated; ?<: even now againft himfelfboth £«- 
 "wMf^and /'/'////^wwere put in arms.ff the kingdom of .^/wcc^ow)' were once fubverted-have at 
 <* ^/ta next; which the Romans have in Tome partfeizedalrcady for their own under a colour 
 "of cnfranehizingCities&ferting them free: Sc then they will not leave untill they have 5yr/'i« 
 " loo.Fornow is Prnfuts preferred in hortour before Etwrenes ; Si AitiochasiotzW his conqueft is 
 ^'chalcd&debarrcdoucof t^^j-pfiwhich ought to have been the recompence of the war by him 
 " enterpriled & atchieved. In thefe regards Ptrfins adverti!ed each ofthem to confider & provide 
 thcrelore either to for e theRomans to make peace with him, orelfeto hold them for the com- 
 mon enemies of all KK. in cafe they perfifted ftill in fo unjuft a war.The commifTion th»t the em- q 
 bafTado/shid to Jutiochttsvtas apert & open: but unto £«wf»a anembaffador was fent under a . 
 p ctence ot ranfoming certain cap!ives:but pra-^ iJed there were under hand more fecret complots; 
 whi> h caufed £«wfw«even then to be infpedfed & odious unto the Romans,yea;&:chirged after- 
 ward with moregrievous matters, although untruiy.For hewas reputed little better thin ttriitor 
 St a protefted enemy to their ftatevvhereas indeed both he & Perfens ftrove who could compifs» 
 fur prizejSi overtake one «nother better in fraud &: avarice. Now there was one CjdM i Cretenfi-
 
 ■-'*-.4p^ 
 
 71)6 four and fortieth Boo{^ of TXivius, b^i 
 
 A an inward & m^ft fecrec friend toEnmenes: this man had communed firft at Amphipolis \-niU 
 one Chimirus a coancriman ot his, who ferved under Per{eiu in the wars ; and afterwards at Dsr 
 metrias convened with another named Mey.ecratesMMo with a certain third perfoniCalled Afitio- 
 chuiiiW captains to K./'tf/-/<?«;,even under the very wals of the foreiaid City.Over and belides, £- 
 rofon who at this time was fent, had beforetime been employed in two feverall embaflies to the 
 fame Eitmenes, Thefefecret communication5 and embaffages were badly fpoken of ; but no man 
 knew what was concluded between the two KK.Howbeit, thus thecafeHocd;E/.'wc/;f;as h^ had 
 no mind norintention to waruponT^^rpiw, fo he was not defirous in hisheartthat hefhould 
 have the viitory of the Romans ; not fo much for the old enmity which had been between both 
 their fathers as for the hateful quarrels kindled among themfeh es. For this concurrence & emu- 
 
 B lation there was between thefe two Princes, that Ewwewf^could neve: abide to fee Perfeusiotic 
 purchife fo great wealth 6: fo much honour, as he mufl needs acquire by the conquell of the Ro- 
 mans: he f»wmoreover;that Per/; /if^ from the firrt beginning of this war fought by all means pofli- 
 ble for peaccSc the nearer he was to danger &: damage, aimed thereat every day more than others 
 employing his whole ftudy & care about noching elfe.He perceived alfo that among the Roman?:, 
 becaufe the war grew to be longer than they hoped and looked for, as well their captains as the 
 Senat were well enough content and very defirous to fee an end on.e of fo troublefome, huritull, 
 and difficult a war.Knowing thus as he did,the mind and will of both partieSjhcen.lir.cd -1: iVit- 
 med to that which ofitfelfashe thought might fall out, where the Wronger was v/eary andthe, 
 weaker in fear: and therein defired he to fliewhis double diligence,thereby to win a thank 5; pur^ 
 
 C chafe favour of both parts.For he entred into bargain with Perfens for a fum of money one while 
 not to aid the Romans either by land or Tea ; another whiles tobeamicansfor peace and to treat 
 with the Romans thereabout, and not to meddle at all in the war,bu: to fit Hili : he c apitularedCI 
 fay) for i 500 talents ; making femblance and lliew^that for the affurance both of the one and the 
 other ready he was not only to fwear,bur alfo toput ingood andfufficier.t liofiages, F^rfiaswis 
 the wiilingelt man ip the world tofetinhand with thi?,3s being driven tlicreto by theexif^ent of 
 fear : and prefently without delay dealt with him as touchingthe ho'Tages which were to be ret. 
 ceivcd: and in fine concluded it was,that they fliouldupon their delivery and receitbcfent ii3to' 
 ^>vff,But when they came on.eto talkofthemoney aforefa.id, hehaftedand ftu-.katthat : and 
 to fay a trutheitherof thelc two fums (between Princes of fo great name and liouour). was but* 
 
 D bafe and diflionell confideration ; athingmuch unRtting(I wis)theglver,and raoieclie receiver. 
 P erf lh s \-&-i\y for his part,in hope to purcliafe peace with theRom.ins, was willing cnf«ugh to.be , 
 at the e.vpence of fo much money :mary, he faid that he wouldmakepaiment thereof when the 
 thing wa> done and accompliflied : i'c in the mean time lay it up fafeior that piirpofe within the? 
 temple o\ S.imothr.icia.EHmer,es again,conrideriug that the faid Ifland was an appurtenance to the 
 dominion of Pf?-/c/a,could not fee but that it was alTonefor it to lie there and in Pells, and there- 
 fore was earnert to have part thereof in hand. Thus between them there was nothing but lying 
 in the wind for the vantage,who could overreat h the othej: : & what was gained in the end buc 
 infamy and difcredit? AsforTo-p^Jihe not only let fall this delign and lolt this opportunityjf'and 
 that by his nigardice only) when by the means o:E;tme>ics he might have had either his tr.orey. 
 
 £ fure enough, or peacefor it /which indeed he fliould havebought/ifit had cofl himithe one halfof 
 his kingdom,)ind being once received into grace §: favour [cfthe people of/?<?;;/f] he might have 
 defamed and brought into obloquy and danger his concurrent, by charging him to have received 
 a pieceofmoney forabribe,ardfo jultiy havefet the Romahsupon his toprbut alfo the aflocia- 
 tion with King (j;'«//;/f which now was at the point ofa to;iu:it,w.i3 ncglei^^diyea-.andamigh" 
 ty army ofGauls fpread at that time all over ///r/V.Ywahdprefcnted unto himjWjj even then re- 
 fufed and difcharged by this pin. hing and faving of his money. For there came and offered their 
 ferviceten thoufand horremen,and asmany foot, and thofefo well pradiifed and fogood ofloot- 
 ni.anfKip,thatthey were able to hold out& keep pace with horIcSiyea,and run by their fides :fui.h 
 (Ifay)3s when the riders were nnhorfed and faln,cou!d vault &: mount on theempryhorfe backs ^\ 
 
 F ready to fight in their turns. , Thefe had bargained to ha\e tor pay every horfeman ten * Phli^ *Fhi!ippeat ., 
 pieces [of gold] paid down aforehand, and a footman five. and their Captain a thoufand. Perfeni f"'»"w»,"-"'7» ■ 
 departed from his leaguer lying near the river Ew'ffar, and with the one half of his own forces ,hanourVoVe. 
 rhet thefe coming uponthe way, andcaufcdproilamation to be made in all towns and villages uigu cfic'^b, 
 near the high waies, To made ready and bring abroad their provifion of viftuals, andfeethat oijducrs. 
 there were plenty of corn, of wine, and cattel. Himfelf brought with him horl'es and trappings, 
 and finefouldierscaffockstobeftow asprefents uponthe chiefof themvwithfome li'^le fprink- 
 lingofgoldto deal among a few of them jfuppofing that all ihcreQbefides cftommonfouldiersv 
 niightbe drawnon and retained with bare hope. . Thus he came to the City or /Uam.t-u, and 
 encamped upon the bank of the river Axim. Butthe army of thefe Galatians were lodged about 
 
 ^ Drfnd'ihAr\ the country of ^<Ci{/(r.^, and refted there expeftingthepaimeniof the money afore- 
 faid,according to covenant. But Perfmsknt untothem ./^f/^ije/jw one ot his gallants and courti- 
 ers, to will and cpmmand the multitude of the army to diflodge and. remove xoByUzor.i, a place 
 fo ciUed in Paro>iia, and a good fort of their chief to repair unto Irim. Now were they three- 
 korc and fifteen miles from the river ^.v;»f and the Kings camp. And when ^.;r7>cw/f hadde- 
 liyered unto them this raandatas he had in chari^e, and added bef.des, withv/hat care anddili-. 
 gence the King had laid his provifions by the way of all tbinas in great plenty forthsarny, atrcl;^ 
 
 M m m n 3. mi^-
 
 o<o 'T'he four and fortieth Boo\ o/TXivius. 
 
 with what gifts of apparell,fiiv er.and horfesjhe purpofed to receiv e and ectertain their Captains H 
 at their firlt coming unto him : as for that C fay they ) we fhall take knowledge thtreol when we 
 areinprefeiiceperfonally: but now for this time, we demand. Whether, ye have brought with 
 you in ready coin according to bargain, that gold which is tobepaidtothefouldiers, as well 
 horfe as foot ? And when he could make no anlwer thereto, but was fet Konflw ', then the faid 
 C?9W<c>« their PrincCjCo your vv3iesthen(qd.he)and tell your King andMaHerjthat the Gauls 
 linlefsthey may receive the gold and holiagesbcfides for thtit fecurity, will not (lir one foot for- 
 ward .Relation being made hereof unto the K. he called his Council: and whenit wasfoon feen 
 what they all would advife him to do;himfelf,w ho could skill better to keep his money together, 
 than hold the royalleflate of his kingdom, began to enter into adifcourfeof adifloyaity andfa- 
 va£;e nature of thefe Gauls ; making remonfirance, how he had experience by the calamities and i 
 loflfesofmany before him,thac dangerous it was to receive fo great a multitude of them within 
 ^4cf^(7«y,fcrfebrthe Gauls would be found worfe neighbors than the Rotiians were enemies. 
 Five thou, and horfemenarefuffi.ient(qd,he)and fomany well wemay havegoodufeofin wars, 
 and need rot be afraid of them tor their mimber.Bute\ cry man faw wellenoughithat it was the 
 waging o- fiuh a number that he feared and nothing elfe: but whennomandurli gi\ebimcoun- 
 feil.aibeit he feemed toask their ad i ice, y^;rr/^a»w wasfent again witha meifage untothe Gauls, . 
 That the King flood in need of tivethoufan5horfemenandnomore,asfor all the refl,he weigh- 
 ed them not.When thefe Barbarians heard that, all the red began to mutter and grumble ,yea5and 
 to take gicat fcorn and indignation,that they were levied and departed out of their native coun- 
 try for nothing: but C/sW cf«redemanded, Whether he would make prefent pay to thofe five j; 
 ihoufand according to covenant, yea, or nay ?but feeing that he was tofeek,and made fliitts toa- 
 void adirefl anfwerjhelet this deceitful! meflenger go his waies.and did no harm unco hisper- 
 fon (a thing that Anti^ornu himfelf would fcarceiy have thought could poffibly have been: ) And 
 fo after they had «iven the wafieunto thofe parts of T/t^-;^ which lay near to their way ^ihey re- 
 turned ba.k again to theriver//?fr.VVhichpower ofmen itithad pafled the ftraighisof Perrl.A- 
 h:a into 'Thejfaly againfl the Romans (although Perfeus had not ftirred at all, but fitten ftill at £- 
 «/ww)mightnot only have fpoiled and laid bare the territory all about, and empeached the Ro- 
 mans for expelling any viflual? there, butalfodeflroyed the towns utterly, whiles Pifr/«« held 
 the Romans; play at Enipsm that they could not relieve and fuccour the Cities of their allies and 
 confederals N3y5the very Romans fliould have enoughtodo to look unto themfelves, confide- L 
 ring, that there was no tarrying for themjafter that T/jfyT..'/;- was loft,whichDourifhedand main- 
 tained their army : and p:.fs forward they could not poffibly, having the Macedonian camp to af- 
 front them. But Perf us by that decd^as he confirmed the hearts of theRomans.fo he quailed not 
 a little the courages oftheMacedonians, whodepended upon the hope and expe£lancyot their 
 aid By the fame miferable pinching of his .he eftranged alfo the heart oiY^.Gentim from him. For 
 when as at /'-'/.the had paid 500 talents unto thofe that werefent ofpurpofe from Gf«f.«ito re- 
 ceive the fimejwell content he was that they fhouldfealup that money. Afterwards he fern unto 
 P.<»f.?«c/?i ten talents,and commanded him to deliver the fame to the K.inperfon:as for the reft 
 ri<7ned up with the feal of the lllyrians,he commanded his own men who had the convoy thereof, 
 ingoing with it to takefmailjournies, and when they were come to theutmol^ frontiersof J/^- j^ 
 c. «/9«j,there to reft 2nd attend the meffengers from him. Gcntius, after he had received as earncft 
 that '.mill portion of the whole fum aforefaid, being called upon continually by Pantaucus and fee 
 on to provoke the Romans by fome holf ility or other made no more ado,but committed to pri- 
 fon M.Perpf-ifi^ !ir)d L.Petilms^who chanced n that time tocome unto him in embalTjge.Wbich 
 when F^r/f«/ once heard, he had enough,and thought verily that r7f«f///j had done ihat,whereby 
 cfne.efllty hemufl be forced to wage war with the Romans ; and thereupoufent out prefentlyto 
 call thofe back who had the carriage of the forefaid talents ; as if he had fiudied and fought for 
 nothing more,than to referve as great a booty as polTibly he could . for the Romans to enjoy ,after 
 that they had vanquiflied and fubdiied him, fro/iw returned likewife from Eamenes.^svd wifl not 
 what had been contrived fecretly between them. That cheir treaty w:s about certain captives, j^ 
 they themfelves had given forthabroad, and likewife £/f»;irw/?.dvertifed the Confulfo much, 
 for avoiding of all fuipition. 
 
 Perfeus after the return oiEropon from Eumencs was much difmaied andcafl down.Wheretip- 
 on.hefent Ante:o- & Crf/A/)p«. (admirals of his navy}to TVw*^-,?/ with forty pinnaces. nnto which 
 number five Gallions were adjoyned ; whofrom that coall difperfng themfelves all aboutthe 
 Ifland'; CyclM\<, might waft and guard the lighters and hoies charged with corn, as they failed to 
 Jl/.tc.-^fln;.Thefefhips werepuctofea at C<*/'<<»^>-(f.?,and firll they fell with the haveiis that lie un« 
 dcrthc foot of the mountain ^r/wjand from thence paffedro T^^^^w withpleafurcincalmfca: 
 where finding certain Rhodian open fhips riding in the harbour,they fpake courteoutly to Euda- 
 »;«/ their Admirahand let them alone without any hurt at alldoneuncothem.But alterwardsup-Q 
 on knowlcdge.th.it fifty hulks oftheirs on another fide were fhut up and pent in by the war-flbips > 
 of K. /:«»;<•«?;.( which rid in the mouth ofthehavenjand were commanded by D.i«»'«/)he turned 
 about in all hade & difperfed the enemies fhips with afudden terrour thathe put them in.& fent 
 the faid hulks &: veffels of burden into ^/rfrirtijuy, with a convoy often brigaritines to waft thctn 
 over, with this charge, That after theyhad conducted them pafl all danger into place of fafety, 
 they fliould return again to Tenedas, Afternine dales they retired toward the fleet anchoring then 
 
 in
 
 SriSFTT ■~'*r >-—>.t 
 
 The four aifidprtieth Boo{ of ToLiviuk .^^ i 
 
 A jntherodeof 5«f<e«»». From whence they croffed over to 5«'of^, an Iflahd ]y ing bet ween £<vi 
 and AthosM forcuned.that the morrow after the fleet was arrived ac Sitl?ot.tfi s. jnd thirty fhips 
 which they call HifpttgogA [ferving forihetranrporting of horles ] which came trom £/f»i, having 
 aboord certain horlemen ot Gaul iod their horfesjmade bead toward Ph^K^iii cape or promonto- 
 ry of the Chians,from whence they might cut over into Mar:cdo>3y. And thefe were lent from £»- 
 /rtenesto.ytttalMf.A»te/iarbeit)g,id\tmicd by a (Agnail given him from a watch-tower, that thofc 
 (hips were dil'covercd under fail in the open fea,lboled i'rom.Suboia; and between the cape off;- 
 rjfthriea andC/)«o/,whcre the fea is molt narrowjhe encountred them. The admirals oi'K.tft.f.c.fey 
 thought nothinglefs.than that any fleet of Macedonians were abroad in tiioic feas; but imaginefl 
 one while they were Romans, othervvhi'.es, that it was Attains oiiomz rciitbai.k from Att.ilnsy 
 
 B whofrom out of the Roman camp were failing toward Purjr.tww/. But as they. approached nearer^ 
 theytookknowledgebytheformar.dfaniionoftheirpinhai.es who th':y were, by their ha!ly 
 rowing aJfo and making head fuUagainft thenl they were out of all doubt that their enemies were 
 at hand.Then were they mightily afraid, as having no hope to refifl and withlland them.conhde- 
 ring the fliips were unweildy andunhandfome.and the Cjaulsbehdes could hardiy brook the ve^ 
 ty fea without any other trouble. Some of them therefore, who were nearer to the firm land fai- 
 ved themfelvesby fwimmingto£r;//)'4;j ; others fet up their fails,and being cart upon the Ifland 
 C^w.forfook their horfes, and ran as falf as they could for refuge to the City. But the barks dif- 
 charged their armed fouldiers nearer to theCity in a more commodious place forlandiagiwhere 
 the Macedonians overtook the Gauls and flew them; fomein the way as they fled others before 
 
 C the very gate of the City,being kept out and excluded from thence: for the Chians not knowing ' ' 
 
 . either who fled or who purfued,had flnit their gates upon them. Nine hundred ' Ga!!ogreeks,or • Nore this V 
 very near,lolf their lives and were hewn inpeeces,and :oo taken alive. As forthehorles, part G>uh, Gila- 
 periflied in the fea after the fhips were fplit and broken, and the Macedonians haught and cut th<2 tians,and 3ii= 
 flringsof their gambrels of as many oft hem as they found upon the fliore. Twenty of thebeU a"icn- inibia 
 and fairefl horfes,together with the piifoncrs, y/«fr»or commanded that thofeten bark^^.which book ;''»!-' 
 he had fent before,fliould trinfport to TlK-fafofiira.snd rett;rn ,'gain with all fpeed to the fleet for thoyfh Lk^'^' 
 that he would expeil their coming at P/;.r>;<c. The fleet (laid ab )ut three dales under the City 'cfmthciijTn- 
 fide,but afterwards went forward to Tb.nu ; and when the ten pinnaces aforel'aid werereturned '>•-•'"'' 
 fooner than they looked tor. they fet up fail in the iEgean Tea for Df/o/i ^ . ,,k-; ,.*,.:;!_ 
 
 D In this whiJe the Roman Hmbafladors, C.Popilms, CDecimms, and C FTofiilm', cJcpar-ed from 
 CWf«,3nd arrived with three Q^^iinqueremegaleaces at Delas^whttQ they found forty Macedo- 
 nian pinnaces,and five royall Q_tunqUw'remegal:eacesofK,E«wf>7ef. Theholinefs of the Temple 
 and Ifland wherein it flood afforded fecurity to them all, fb as there wis no hurt donenorvio-- 
 lence offered from one to another. And therefore, as wellRomans as Macedonians, and behdes, 
 the lailers aud mariners of K.EKmenu converfed together, intermingled one with another in .he 
 Temple;and the religious devotion of theplace yielded them truce and fur*.eafe of hoftility, ^ 
 
 , Atttentr the admirall of K.Pfr/>«/, when he was advertifedfrom the wac.h and fcntinell, thaf- c.-' 
 
 certain fhips of burden were feen a far off in the fea, fet iai; & made after them himielf with par" 
 of his pinnaces, and part of them hebeflowed in wait among the Cv<r/<3^i?.f, and faving thofe that 
 
 Edireiled their courfe toward il/«tc«^9;jy, he either drowned or fpoiled them all. Vof.ltHtd'xdxho 
 beft he could,and Eumenes \y\i\i hisfliips likewife,tofave fome ; but the Macedonians, who fai- 
 led by night with two or three pinnaces at the moft,deceived them and were not dilcovered. 
 
 Much about this time the Macedonian and Ulyrian Embaffadors came together to RMes^who 
 cirriedthegreater authority and credit with the Rhodians. by re^fon notonly ofthe coming of 
 their brigantins,which failed to and fro ranging over the .-Egear fea and among the Cyf /,-«^«,buc 
 alfo by the conjundicn and afibciation of the two KK.Per fens and 6\'w/»<f,toi'cihcr with a rumof 
 that ran oi the Gauls, who wcrecoming with agreatnumber,a$ well ofhotic asfoot. And novs 
 both D'c» and Polrayatris,v/ho took part with Verfeus.xbok more courage and heart unto them j 
 by whofe means there wasnot oniy a gracious anfwer returned to the Kings, but alfo pronoiin- 
 
 F ced openly it was, that by their authority they would make an end of the war : in regard whereof, 
 the Kings alio for their parts were to be difpofed and well willino to accept ot peace. ■ ■.' j. /;* 
 . Now was it the prime of the Ipring, whcnasthenew j'enerals werearrivedinto their Provin- 
 ces : t/£nijliftnbc Cof.into M.tndoy.y ; Oclavins to the navy at Orcum', and Amciusmo lUyri- 
 c«w, whofe commilfion was to levy war igainfl (Tf'jr.'wf.Thi^ Gen.ttn was the fon ol VlewdtusKi' 
 ofthelllyrians, andEwr/is/r.i was hi-- mother: two brethren he had, to wit, PA-rorofthe vvhok 
 bloud by father and mother boih,3nd Ca'ava'^tiiis only by the mothers fide. Thishalf brother he 
 lefs ful"pe«Sted,by reafon of his bafe parentage from the father ; but as for Vi.ttor he murdered, to-' 
 gether with two cfpecia 1 1 friends of his £frr/« rand £dc.i^«^ (brave men ofa(ftion J to the end 
 that he might raign inmorefafety andfecurity.The voice goeth that he carried an envious eye to 
 
 Qthat brother ofhis, forihathehad e/'poufed £f«frt the daughter of fTowwj the Prince of tb; 
 Dardanians ; as it" by this marriage he meant to make himfelHirong and combine with iheDarcia- 
 nian nation: and the more likelihood this carried with it after he married the damo'ell indeed. 
 When be had made away P/.(f or, and rid himfelf of t! e fear that he mi^ht have of his brother, 
 hebeganto molefland opprefs his bwnnaturallfubjed^s: and as he was by nature given to vi-o-'. 
 lepce,lo that indifpohtion ofhis he fet on fire with untempcrat diinking of wine. But as-wefaid- 
 b^forcjbeing moved and incited to war againfl the Romans, 1>* aflembfcd all his forces together ' 
 
 M m m m 3 "Hio
 
 otfi T*he four and fortieth Bool{^ a/T.LiviaSi. 
 
 unto LfJfM, to the number of 1 5000 armed men, and fcnt his brother from thence with loco H 
 footandjohorfeagainrttheCavians, for to fubdne that nation either by force or tear, whiles 
 himfelf led his army five miles againft the City Baffama from Li {[us. Now were the Baflaniatis 
 confederat allies of the Romans: and therefore when they werefirftfollicitedbymeflfengetstb 
 yicld,they refolved rather to endure a ficge than do fo. As for Car^vantius he was peaceabl/iaiid 
 friendly received at his firft coming into Dnrittm;i town of the Cavians : but Caravantis anoth^ 
 Cityjmade the gates faft againft him : and as he gave the wafte to the territory about itjCertaiflof 
 hisfouldicrs firagling here and there, were by thepeafintsand villagers killed, who came forth 
 and made head againft them. 
 
 And now by this time AffmsClaudius\\^\\r\°, taken with him, over and above his own army, 
 the auxiliaries of the BuUians J Apolloniats, andDyrrhachians, dillodged out ofthe place where I 
 he had wimcredj and encamped near the river Gf»»/;/w, Forbearing of the alliance made be- 
 tween Perfeus iT^dGentius, and incenfed befides with the outrage committed upon the Roman 
 embaffadorsjwhom GenttHs put in prifon,he refolved certainly to war upon h\m.AniciKsi\\t Pri- 
 tor being at that time at Apollonia^ind advertifed in what terms the affairs ftood iti Jllyricum^d'ti- 
 patched letters beforehand to JppiHs, willing him to attend at Gennfuus for his coming : and fo 
 within three dales after came himfelf to the campthere; and to ihofeaids which he had of his 
 own he took with him two thoufand foot, and two hundred hotfe, drawn out ofthe youtband 
 flower ofthe Partins. Ofthe Infantry Epicadus had the condn<^, and y^_f^jf/;«/ commanded the 
 Cavalry .With this power he prepared to go into Illjrictinh principally for to levy the fiege before 
 Bajf.inta : but this defign projefted by him , was empeached by a bruit that was blown of certain j 
 pinnaces which wafted and fpoiled the fea-coafts. A fleet they were together of eighty fail, 
 lent from GeKtms by the inftigation oiPanuncus^ to forrage the territories of ^/jo/Zow^e and 
 Dyrr/7.i!:/;/«»*. Then the fleet * , * , * Which being furrendred, they 
 
 lubmitted alfo nd yielded themfelves.And fo confequenily other Cities of that country one after 
 another aid thcfemblable; and the inclination & difpofition of mens minds that way, was mach 
 fee forward by the clemency and juflice of the Roman Praetor which he ufed towardall. Then 
 they marched to Scodra,ths capital place and feat-town ot the war : not only for that CenttHs had 
 feized upon it for his own felf,as the chief flrength and fortrefs of all his realm,but alfo becaufeit 
 wasthellrongeft peece of all the LabeatS;nation,and very difficult for accefs. Enclofed it is with 
 two rivers : to wit, Clanfala which runneth along the Eaft lide ofthe City, and BarbaKa on the L 
 Wert,arifing out ofthe marfli Laheatis. Thefe two rivers joyn in one, and are difcharged together 
 into the great river Or/«»(i«: which fpringing from the moMnumScodrhSt and encreafed ftiU 
 with the confluence of many other waters and rivulets, falleth at length into the Adriatick fea. 
 This Scodrm is the higheft hill by odds of all other in thofe quarters : on the eaft it hath Darda- 
 ttiii under it,on the South Macedony^md lUyricttm on the Weft.Albeit, this town was ftrongly fi- 
 tuat, by thenaturall fite ofthe place> and defended by the whole nation of the Illyrians and the 
 King himfelf in perfon : yet the Roman Pritor ^'encouraged with the good fuccefs he had at the 
 firft >and fuppofing the fortune ofthe total! war would be anfwerable to fo happy beginnings, ai>d 
 that a fodden terrour alfo would ferve him in much ftead and prevaile ) approached the wals of 
 the town with his army ready cmbattelled, and difplaied his banners againft it. Now if they had m 
 fhut their gates,and defended their wals and turrets over thegates, with armed guards beftowed 
 accordingly, furely they had repulfed the Romans from the walls, and defeated them of their en- 
 rerprife clean: but they iffued forth of the gate, and in the plain and even ground gave battell with 
 more animofity and couragethan they maintained it with perfiftance.For being difcomfited and 
 driven back, and in the chafe hudled by heaps together as they fled, after 200& abovewereflain 
 in the very ftraight entrance of the gate, they putihereft within in fuch a fright, that (?<■«»«/ in- 
 continently fent unto the Prartor asOrators, Tcttticus and BeJIus the principal] perfons of that 
 nation to treat and intrcat for a furceafe ofarms,that in the mean while he might debate incouo- 
 fell and be advifed as touching themain eftate of his affairs. And when for this purpofe he had 
 obtained a grant for three daies, and the Romans lay encamped from the City half a mile; Gen- j^ 
 «/«uook a bjrge,and failing alongthe river 5^rM«<?,pafl'ed into the lake or mear ofthe Labeats, 
 as if he had fought (omefecret by- place to-confultin.Butas it appeared afterwards,he was moved 
 upon a certain vain hope of his brother C<ir-<jz;rfW/«j his coming, who was faid tobenear at hand 
 accompanied with many thoufands of fighting men,whom he had levied and brought out of that 
 quarter into which he was fent But when this rumour was over- bio wn& vanifhed to nothing, 
 down the river he went again with the ftream the third day after in the fame vclTel to Scodra^zod 
 feiit courriers before him to the Prstor, requiring leave to parley & commune with him ; which 
 being granted, he entred into the camp. Firft, he began his fpeech with accufmg and condemning 
 his ov» n folly : in the end his laft refuge was to pour out prayers and flied tears : and fo humbling 
 himfelf at the Pntor his feec,he fubmitted to his devotion. The Prxtor at the firft bad him take Q 
 a good heart HPto him and be of good chear,and invited him to fupper: and fo he returned to his 
 own people into the City,where he was honorably feaftcd thatday by the Prxtor. But afterwards 
 he was delivered to theguard and keeping of C.Crtj^w^, amartiallColonell: and thus received 
 heofK. /'fr/'<r«/only ten talents^ a mean reward and hardly fufficient to content a fimplefword- 
 plaicr>o engage himfelf into a world of danger; and being a K.as he was, to fall into this extream . 
 calamity and mifery. Anicius having entred upon Scodra^ firft before all other thingSjtook ordet 
 
 (hat
 
 The four and fortieth Boo^ofTXAvh^i. 955 
 
 Ji that the tyro Embaffadors tforcfaid,P«///«; litd Perpema fliould be fought out and brought un- 
 to hitn : vrhotn after he hid rcftored to cheit priftinq eltate and reputation, he lent PerpennA pre- 
 fently to •pprehcnd the friends ihd kinsfolk of the King: who took his way diredly to Mcdsoi e 
 City of the Libeits, and brought with him into the c«mp at Scoira EUeva the Kings wife, with 
 her two foDS ScerdtUtHs and P/f«r*tf «j,together with Caravantius the K. his brother.Thus Anici- 
 Hi having ended the lUyrian war within the conjpxfs of thirty daies, lent Perpenn^ to Rotne with 
 cidiogsof this victory ; and within few daies G^«f/«j himfelf after him together with his mother, 
 hi» wife and children,his brother,and other LL.of the Illytians. This was the only war atchieved 
 and brought to an endjbefore they heard at ^owif that it was begun. 
 During the management of thefe affairs, PerfeHiz\\o was in great fear and affright, by reafon 
 
 B of the comming oi L.v^myti»s a new Conful (who as the volte went.marched againlt him with 
 great menaces) together with OElavitts the Pritor.Neither was he les terrified with the Romjn 
 navy and the danger of the Tea coafts. Eumeries in^ At hen.i^orM had the keeping and command 
 oiThefa/onicamih a fmallgarrilon of two thoufand targettiers.Thitherhe ftnt Captain Andro- 
 eUs alfo,with commandment to encamp dofe to the very harbor where the fliips lay in rode.Un* 
 to t/Eaia he fent one thoulandhorfemen under the leading of Antt^onm^ to guard the fea-coartj 
 to the end that in what part foever they heard theenemies fliips were arrived, they might incon- 
 tinently advance to the fuccour of the peafants and country people. Five thoufand Macedonian? 
 were like wife fent f;o lieingarrifonat Pythoum and Pffr^, under theconduftoff/{/?/<i/>«,T/;?4-- 
 ^en:s and Midon.hktt thefe were departed, he went in hand to fortifie the bank of the river Eni" 
 
 C feus : bccaufc it was paffable over the very channell on dry foot. And to the end that all the mul- 
 titude fhould be employed hcreabout.the very women were compelled out of the towns adjoyn- 
 ingjto bring vidualsinto the camp. Thefouldiers werecommanaed trom out of the woods near 
 by * , * , Finally,the water-bearers in leather bits or bottcls, were comman- 
 ded tofollow him to the leajwhich was a quarter of a mile off : and thereupon they Hood to dig 
 pJts,fomc in one place,and fome in anothcr,a pretty diftance ai'ander. The exceeding high hiJs all ^ 'i 
 
 about put * himingoodhope(&tberatherbecaufethcyfent out from them no tivejs to be Teen ^Kefpfak^ffa 
 in open view)that they contained within them Ibme hidden fprings, the veins whereof draining " ^ ^•P««-^- 
 into the fea,were intermingled with the fea-water.They had fcarcely funk through the uppermolt '^^ '*'' 
 courfe offandab'ove,when they might fee fmallfources to boil upjatthefirli troubled, but after-. 
 
 D ward they began to yield fliier and dear water in great abundance ; by afpe>:iallgilt(as it were) 
 of the gods above. And even ihis occurrent alfo encreafed the name and reputation of thcCaptain 
 with his fodldiers. Then after he had commanded his men to make ready their armour, himfelf 
 with the martiall Tribunes and the principallformoft ranks, marched to recoguiie and view the 
 pafTages 5 and to fee where the armed men might defcend with e.i('e, and where they might with 
 ieaft troublemountup thebankonthe farther fide.When he had taken a fufHcicntfurvey hereof, 
 he forccaft & gave direction aforchand/or all things to be done in the army in good order with- 
 out trouble andtumultuousnoife,evenatthe very beck and commandment of theirle.iders, roc 
 when a thing to be effected is pronounced to all at dnce,it falleth out that every man is not with" 
 in the hearing ; and fo receiving an uncertain fignall and commandment , fome put more oi their = 
 
 £ own head to that which was commanded, and oth-ersdolefsagainfor it : and to there srifefrom 
 all pans diffonant cries, and by this means the enemies know looner whereabout they go, thatii 
 manyofthemfelves.Thetcfore to avoid this confuiion, he ordained that every martisll Colonel! 
 fhould give a fecret watch-word to the principall Centurion of the legion, and round him in his 
 earwhat he would have done: then he and fo forth everyone fhould deliver unto each Centuri- 
 on as he is next in rank and place, what wis to be executed; whether it were that the command- 
 ment was to be carried from the front of the army to the tail, or from the rcreguard behind to 
 the vanguard btforc.He brought up a new order and cuHome, forbidding the watchmen to carry 
 with them any targets to their fentincls ; for that the watchman went not out to fight, whereby he 
 he needed any armour,but to keep watch ; that when he defcricd the enemies coming, he might 
 
 F retire himfelf,and raife others to take arms. Item,hc ordiined that the helmettiers or morionefs 
 fhould ftand upon their feet,having their fhields upright before them: and when they wefe wea- 
 ry ,to lean and bear upon their javelins,and re(f ing their head upon theedge of their ihields fo to 
 take a nap and flecp ; to the end that their ^littering armour might be difcovered afar ofFby the 
 enemy ,whercas himfelf could not fee farbemre him. The manner alfo of warding in the day time ; 
 and of the f(?rp;^i-^M4r^ he altered clean. For whereas they were wont to (f and all the day long 
 armed,and the horfemen holding their horfes bridled; it tell out fo,that in fummer daies when of-/ 
 dinarily the fun is extrcam and fcorching hot, both horfe and man became weary and languifhed 
 again with abiding fo many hours in the heat, and oftentimes the enemies beingfrefh , although 
 they were but few in number , fee upon them and put them to trouble and hazard enough. Here- ; 
 
 A upon he commanded that the morning guard fhould break up at noon, and others fucceed in 
 their places for to ward in the afternoon. By this means the enemy frefh and in heart could never 
 take them weary and fo charge opon them.Whcn he had pronoun, ed in a publike adembly gathe- 
 red together that his will was,thatthefe orders fhould be obferved accordingly he delivered unto 
 them a fpeech, much refembling the former Oration which he ufed before to the people within 
 thcCiiy of Rome. Namely,''ThattheGenerallof an army ought only to fo'refee and provide for 
 "allthatismccttbbcdonejfometimeby'himfelfjOtherwhiks with thofewhom hehaih joyned .■
 
 ^^4 ^^^ M^ and fortieth BooJi ofTlAvm. 
 
 " alTirtams unto him: as for I'uch as are not called to be of bis counlell,ihey ought neither in pub- H 
 " like nor in ptivat to fhoot their bolts arid give their adv ice. Three things indeed the fouldier 
 "was to care and provide for: namely to ha\eabodymoft Hrong and nimble withall ; his armor 
 
 * and weapons decent: and lit; and thirdly, a I'pirit prompt and ready at all affiles to execute any 
 *' commandment on a fuddcn. For all things elie he ought tokhow^that the gods immortall and 
 '• hisGenerall wiikakecare : i'orafmuch, as in that army wherein thefouldiers, the Conful,and 
 <■> chief commander, luffer thcmielvcs to be carried away with rumours and bruits of the common 
 
 * fortjitisnot pofliblefor any thing to go well forward Sc come to good effc6t. For his own pare 
 " Caccordingto the duty ard devoir of a captain General) he would cndeavourand provide to 
 "give them the occafion and opportunity ot brave exploits: as lor ihem;,thcy were not to enquire 
 
 ''■ after any future things but fo loon as the hgnall is given, then every man to perform the fervice I 
 '?ofa dovibty fouldier and valiant warrior. After thele good precepts and infiruclions,hedifmif- 
 fed theaffcmbly : and the old louldiers themfehesconteffed commonlyin plain terms, that they 
 bad tak-^n forth a !effon that day as young and raw novites^yea, and learned in military profeffion 
 that,vvhich they never knew before: neither fhcwed they only by thele and Uich like wordsAviih 
 what con'i'enf. and i^eneral liking they heard the Cof.his Ipeech, but alfo teltified the fame by pre- 
 fcntdecd and vifibleeffeil:. For immt;diatiy,you fhouldnot have Teen over all the camp-one man 
 idle and doing nothing: fomefellto whet and iTiarpen their fwords; others futbifhed their head- 
 pieces,bi:ffs,and beavers: fomefcoured their (Viields and bucklers; ethers their cuiraces andcorf- 
 Ists ; fome fitted and buckled their harnefs to their bodies, anc? tried how they could bellir their 
 limbs and rule their joynts urder it : (omcfhook their pikes and couched their javelins; others j^ 
 brjndiO'.ed their fwcrds and lookt that they were fbarp at point: So as amanmight eafily per- 
 ceive by ihem, that upon the firll occaf-on prefemed of encounter with the enemy, they would 
 enter into confli61:,either to atchievea brave vii1ory,or to die an honourable death. 
 
 Per fens alio on the other (idcpen eiving that upon the arrivall of the Conful and the begininng 
 
 r,f the Ipringtof-ether, theRomancamprefoundedand rung again with their (lirringandruttling 
 
 of armour, asif there had been lome new war towards: that they were diflodged from /"/j;//*? 
 
 and encamped upon the bank juR over againil him : and that now their leader and commander 
 
 rode up and down to view and behold his fortifications and works, to fpie (no doubt) fome way 
 
 • Namely, >li4 or other for p.-.ffjgc * , * , * ,i * This 'encouraged the Ro- 
 
 r,-wv that K. f^jns hearts,3nd danted not a httle the Macedonians and itieir King. At the (\t(\-,Perfeus endea- L 
 
 G:«!;mw2- voured to lupprefs fecretlyand Hop the bruit and fame thereof, by.endino out certain ofpurpofe 
 
 = iid &.U !ic ' to P.intiiiicus (as he came irom thence; to torhid him in any wile to approach the camp. But by 
 
 a •dhi^\<lr.iI- thi' time were Certain children feen brought bytheirown parentsamong the Illyrianhoflages : 
 
 d.mw.n5«thc and look how much more catefull order was taken to conceal all, fo much the fooner was every 
 
 .u votion ot I jj^^ , ,. ^iif oad and blurted out by the prattle and b-bble ot the Kings fervitors attending about 
 
 nisperlon. 
 
 A-iout tljefametimethe Rhodian Embaffadors came into theRhodian camp, with the very 
 hme charce'and commiffion as touching peace, which at ^owf hadfettheLL.oftheScnat inex- 
 (.cedi'^gher.t &choler;bi!tfar worfe audience had they in the councillot the camp,& with grea- 
 rtrdiicontentment.And therefore when fome adv ifed.that they fhould bethrufl out by head and w 
 Diouldcrs without any arfwtr at all ; the Cof. pronounced, That he would fhape them ananfwer 
 after fifteen diiesard not before. Mean whilef that it might appear what a gooly reckoning was 
 made of thefc Rhodian peace- makers who came about a pacirication) he began inflead thereof 
 to debate in Councill as conrernint; the means and manrer of making war.Some were of opinion 
 (and principally the elders and ancient?) to give the aflauk, and force the munitions and defences 
 planted uponrhebank of the river £»'pfw.< ; for that the Mac edoni.ns were never abletorefiftj 
 il they came upon ihemlufiily and charged them by thick troops : for why ? no longer ago ( fay 
 thev)than the year before, difleized fhey had been of fo many holds both higher and bette: forti- 
 fed andthe fame holden with (Irong g.irrifons.Others were of mind,thatOff<»w«/ the Admiral 
 flionid with the fleet fail loTheffalontca &by laying wade «hemaritimecoafls,to cut off &wea- jq 
 ken the kings forces; toihcendithatupon another warfhewed from behind at their backs the K. 
 might be withdrawn &: trained about tode''end the heart of his realmand thereby forced infome 
 fore to open cc 'a'/ nai.sd the p,i{l?oe over the river£«.p«/j-. And Oc7<^w<«^himfeifw3Soi this judg- 
 ment, that the bank as well hy the n:rurall fite thereof, as foe thefconces made upon it by mans 
 band, was iniuperah'eand not to be gained:&beridestheenginsplanrcd every when thereupon, 
 he heard fay, that the enemies had the flight and skill to difcharge all kind of fliot far better and 
 fliooi more dead fure :but the intention of the General c/£wrA«fwas wholly bent another way: 
 nnd jftcrhehaddiilolvcd theaffembly of his Councill, he c.illcd unto him the Merchants of the 
 Perrharbiins namely 5r .'■<«»?«/ and M(>ir,philnf{mzT\ of approved fidelity and wifdom)and of thetn 
 in great fccret enquired, What kind of paflages there were over into Perrhabia? whentheyan-Q 
 fwered, Thatthe waies were nothirgdifficultand dangerous, but only that they were kept and 
 befet by the Kings guards;he conceived fome hope that it he affailed them by night with a valiant 
 company, and took them (uddenly at unawares before they looked forhim, he might chafe thofe 
 girrifons from their holds: for darts, arrows, and all other fhot, ferved toKttleor noputpofe in 
 - the dark, when a man cannot fee bis mark atar off before him ; but dofe fword-fight, band to 
 h«nd pell meil,was it that mufl do the deed : wherein the Roman fouldier had no feUow. Minding 
 
 therefore
 
 The four and fortieth Boo\^ of T.Li viuso b 5 < 
 
 A therefore to ufethofc two as guides, hefenti'orOif^wiw thePrxtor: and when hehad declared 
 UDtohim theeffeclofhis deligotnent, hccomnaandedhioito fail with his fleet to //tr.«r.V<i, and 
 to have with him victuals baked and drefled to ferve a thoufand louldiers ten daies. HimlelC Icnc 
 out P. ScipfoNaJica and ^Fadius Maxtmus his own Ton, with hve thoufand fclcd louldiers to 
 //■ifr4£-/^4(as ifthey were to be embarked )tbr to walkthemaritime coatt ot MactdonyAy'inoht 
 within the country jaccording as it had been before debated inCouncill; &fecrecly under-har.^ 
 they weregiven to wit,that there were viands and viftualsin the fleet prepared tor them.tothe 
 end that nothing fhould ftay their expedition. Thenthe guides, who were to condiid them in 
 their vvay,had commandment,fo to caft their gifts and journeys that by three ot the clo^k in the 
 morningtheihirdday,they might affail Pythoum. HimfeU'inhisown perfon the next morrow* 
 
 B with intent to amule the K.and keep him from all regard of other enterprifes, early by the break 
 ofdty began to skirmifli with the enemies guards in the very mid(t of thcchanelland place of the' 
 current. The light armour and forlorn hopes a? well of t he one f:de as the other maintained the 
 fight: for it was not poffible for fouldiers heavily armed at allpeeies, coskirmifli in thccbanell, 
 fo uneven as it was. The dcfcenr from the banks on either hand to the forelaid thanelljcontaintd 
 fomewhatlefs than three hundred pacesor little better than a quarter of a mile: the middle ipace, 
 oftheflream between^ hollowed and eaten with the current. in fomeplaiemore,in others iefs) 
 took up little above a mile. In this middleplot was the skirmifli maintained within the view and " saW.hiui::. ^' 
 eyeofthcK.ofonefide> who looked upon them from the rampier of the camp; and ot theCon-- Hiwiocrc't Z!,^ 
 fuloftheother.who beheld them flanding with his legions. The Kings auxiliaries lightly armed, ftroriomeu 
 
 C fought better afar orfby the means of their darts and other fhot TheRomans weremore firm "^•^""5'"'.°'; j 
 • and Heady, yea,and better detended with their round bucklers or Ligurian (hields. About noon' sun-ft'cadiiin 
 tide the Confulcommanded to found the the retreat unto his men ; and fo for that day the fray ihe ycar.ihc 
 war parted,not without much bloudfhed on both hdes. The next morrow by fun-rihngthey fell one in fum.' 
 to it again,and fought more eagerly by reafonthai their bloud was up, and their llomatks iliarp- '"^''j'nd rhe 
 ned the day before: buttheRomansreceivedhurinotonlyby them with whom they etitred in- ^er-'^'" **""'",: 
 to fight, bnt much more alfo from a number of thofe who flood in turrets and petty Konces ere- tians't-terThe 
 &.ed here and there ; who difcharged at them all kind of darts and fhot, but hurled Itones efpeci- bcft and moil ' 
 ally. And when they approached once near to the bank where the enemies were, their bullets ie- "p; roved mW 
 veiled out of engins, commanded and retched even them that were outmofl and fartheft off. "/O'.ake 5W.- 
 
 D TheConfulhavinglofl that ray more mcnby many thanb:fore,caured them to retire lomewhat hcit'tft fcjf/n ' 
 later than the former day. The third day he forbare to fight, but turned al.de toward the nether ofibcfumnisr 
 quarter of the camp, asif he minded to aflay paflage by an arm of the river that bended to, the ""'y. Thm ,'- 
 fea./'^r/f«;havingbeforehis eyes *. , " » ■ ' i^)^:-.\*,-^yhr-i^^fMfi^'^^^^'>P!eK' 
 Now was it the feafon of the year paft * fun flead in fummer.Sf near unto the hour of noon-flead nitiaiuhJb'' 
 in the day ,fo as they journeyed in a way fuliolduft, when the fun was exceeding hot; and even tor an onc'^ 
 now they began to feel thirft and weaiinefsalready:but it I'eemed evidently, that when high nocn daits-hcri'.w!- 
 was come indeed,they would be more troubled with the one and the other, Whereupon iyEmr- •''5''"'? av7ay_ 
 lilts refolved,not to prefent his men thus tormented and affiided>unto theenemies all irefh and in ^j,'^ j jj'"/ °^ 
 heart: howbeit, fofharpfet they were on both fides, and fo eager uponfight,that thev^^onful had « rW3»/i«" 
 
 £ as much need by fomc cunning cafl or other to deceive and beguile his own men.as to d'elnde his So!flitia/i,m" 
 enemies. Beforethey wereallembattelledandfet inarray, he was earnefl with themartiall Tri- biujvt si':r. 
 bunes,and called upon them to make hafte and put them in order : himfelf rode about from rank f ''' ^'•''^■'" •"'^ 
 rorank, and by his comfortable words encouraged and inrenfed the hearts of his fouldier< to ,irto,M»!'-^f- 
 fight At thefirrt they were all very lufty and called for the tignal of battell ; but after tvards,as the a'd-nbuipl 
 heat of the weather cncreafed,fo their vifages feemedlefs vigorous, and their voices morehe^- lib sivo. as -' 
 vy and dull ; nay,fome of them flood leaning on their targets, and refled themfches bearing up- ^'""J ^'^^^> »a 
 on their javelins. Then he made openfliew of his meaning, and in plain terms commanded the |,|'^-^'l" °' , 
 formoft companies in the vanguard, to meafure out the forefront ot the camp, and to lay down hca- imhe" ' 
 their baggage: which when the fouldiers perceived, fome oithem there were who rejoy.cd o- dcg.daiej n- 
 
 f. penly,for that he had not forced them to fight, fo weary as they were with travelling, and dtiring p 'To in ihi 
 thatmoft torching and burijing heat. Aboutthe General flood his lieutenants with the captains JfV''- °^. < 
 offtrangersi and ^/ff4/«/ himfelf among the reft. Allofthem allowed and thought well ot the Vheg^'^;^^^^';'' 
 matter, all the while they thought no other but that the Con! ul would verily fght : for, hchad dorof K.'/ifn.r' 
 not fo much as made them acquainted with this dcl.iyand lingringofhis.But then feeing the ca:'e o^'^M^hy Sc,',:- 
 altcrcd and thepurpofe changed,ali the reft held iheii peace : only A''^/7f<?of them all wasfo hat- ^'f" '-^'"^ ' 
 dy and bold as to tell the Confull his mind and admonifli him to take heed, that he fuffered not t'/flVr'" 
 the enemy by avoiding fight, to flip and cfcape out of their hands, like as he had moiked and be-^fum,'. ,, 
 guilcd other Generals before him: for he feared much, left he wou'd diflodge,- and depart in n.Hmaip ,:■[$' 
 the niglit and I'o they fliould be driven to purfue him with exceeding great travell and danger in- ^"ewherc.<he 
 
 g totbe inland middle parts of i^/<a«^o»)^: fo as the army fhould be put to wander up anddowTi p;'n n"'p,'' " 
 all about through theblind lanes and over the narrow ftraights of the Macedonian mountains; tiYchexyrtL' 
 like as it hapned to other Captains before*him. And therefore he counfelfed him in good fad- fech thu place 
 ncfs, while he had thcenemy within the open plain field, to charge upon him and not ralofe '^•''^<: -' « {» 
 thcopportunityof a goodly victory now prefented. IheConful,- nothing at all offended with ^Hviyhia 
 tbJsfrankadvertifementoffonoblea young gentleman, faid no mote but thus iiiro him: "The (-^a- (^Uov-^ 
 ** day hath bcen(iV<i/«f«)when I carried thai fpirit with me which you do at this prefentr andche 7©-.
 
 Qt6 The foHY arid fortieth Boo\ (fTlimm. 
 
 *' time willccme when you will be ofthatmird cfwhich I atnncw. Taught I am by fexperiencc H 
 •( ot many Eciveniiies andal'ualtiesin war^to know,wheB it is good time to fight.and when it is 
 " better 10 forbear andfilull. For this prefentceedlel's it is and bc'Otler3(ftafidiDgas we do now 
 "arranged in order ofbattel) to tell you what motivesthey be, that induce me t6 think it better 
 '' to be quiet and not to Ilir this day : another time demand the reafons thereof : and reft contcn- 
 "tedl advifeyou,with the authority and credit of an old warrior and experienced Captain. The 
 young man was blank and faid not a word : perfwaded he wasdoubtlefs;thattheCof.ravvfome 
 impediments to Bay thebatteljWhich to himfeif appeared not.P4«/w,when he perceived that the 
 camp was let and quartered out; & the carriages beftowed accordingly ^drew firliout of therere- 
 ouardtheTr/^r/V; then afterwards the Pri>icipeJ-,v/h\ks the ILifi^tt or pikes kept their ftanding 
 Itillinthe vanguard (it haply the enemies fl-iould offer battel;) at the lalthe withdrew themal- I 
 fo,begirningfitft at the right point, taking by little and little the (Duldiers from every enlign one 
 after another. By this mean; were the footmen had away without any rronhie and tumuk,and the 
 horlemen together with the light armour oppofcd agand the enemy in the front ard head ofthS 
 mainbattell before the enemies : neither was the Cavalry called ba.k from thefedations where- 
 in they were placed. unti'iUheforetront of the rampierand trench was fully finiflied. TheK.like- 
 \vife,w ho without any reUifall ofbattel had flood ready thatday to fight,contentirg himfeli with 
 this.that he knew the ilay thereof was occalioned by the enemy, led his companies back into his 
 camp. After the Romans V'/ere encamped and well fortified, C.6'/./;?/f/«/ <7w//A/,a martiall Colonel 
 ofthcfecond iegion,who had been Praetonhe year befofe by permiiTidn of the Conful called the 
 fouldiers to a generall audience, and before them all declared and pionounced, that the next night ^ 
 following there woiild be feen an eclipfe ot the moon, from thefecond hour of the night nntill 
 thefourth : and this h«did,becaufenomanfhould wonder thereat,as if it were a prodigioujto- 
 l<en, AU'c he made demoni^ration unto them, that it might be well fore-known and fore-told, 
 becaufe it is a thin;', coming at certain times by the ordinary courfe of nature. For like as they 
 nothing marvelled attberiiing and going down both of fun and moon at let hours,nortofee the 
 moonfometimesfhiue bright out at the tull.otherwhile^ in the vvain,giving light only with the 
 fmalUipsoihei horns: e^enfo they ought not to make a vVonder and miraculous matter of it, 
 that flie lliould be dark;When as her body is hidden by the fliadow ofiheeartb. Thus themoon 
 ' S'pumb^- was cclipfed at the hour before prognolHcatediOvcrnight before the 'eaven cf the Nones of Sep- 
 teml'er -.by occahon whereof^the Roman fouldiefs held C-llnsfoi a deeply learned fage,and a di- L 
 vine Philofophcr: biwcontrariwife, the Macedonians were troubled with the fight thereor,as an 
 heavy prodigy, portending and prefacing the ruin of that realm and the utter deflrudion of the 
 wholenation. Andfurely the houling and yelling which they made in theircamp all the while, 
 untill the moon recovered her full light again; was a very prognoflication and predi£Hon of no 
 lefs.The morrow sfter both the armies were fo hotfetand greedy of fightjthat both K.andCof. 
 were blamed by fomeoftheir ownfouldiersjfor that they went out of the field the day before, 
 and llriuk not battell.Asfor-thc K.he had liis ex(/ufe and defence ready not only becaufe ihe.ene- 
 my retufed the fight fir(l',in open view ofall men, and fo retired his forces into hiscamp, btit alfo . 
 in that he had pitcht and ranged his enfignsin Uich a place, unto whi^h the Macedonian bittell, 
 called PhalanXjCou!dnotadvanceconfidering that with ihefmalleftdifadvantageofthegroiind, jl|' 
 there is nouleat all thereof. The Col'.lor his partsas the day before hefeemed to have pretermit- 
 ted and loft the opportunity of a combat ,yea.and to have civen the enemy advantage to depart in 
 ihenight-feaion^ifhehadfoliri) fonow alfo he trifled oiH-the time making femblanccot facri- 
 fice, whereas the frgnalKof battell at the point of day was'pik forth for the fouldiers to enrerinto 
 the field. Well at the la ll, 'when the facti.ficc was duly ppiformedjabout the third hour cf the d.iy, 
 hca-flembledhisCouncill abouthim ; wbere, fome there were that thought he prolonged the 
 time on fet pnrpofe.with his difcovirfes and unfea-fonable'c orflultationSjand fpent that opportuni- 
 tyfo, which fliouldbe-employed betterinfight and exe-aniofiot fome worthy exploit. Howbeit, 
 ^i^'fO^*"?** after fom.e fpeeches ^afled.t he Cof.made an Oration untG fils fouldiers in this wife. " Pub.N'afica 
 Cf I. £«>/««,;. (qf]_^^e^a right variant young gentleman, ofall thofethae advifed'£ogiveb3ttellyefterday,m^ »^ 
 7 • ,c j^g pjjjy j^jjj j}.|jj. u^fgje(j his mind, and acquainted me with his counfel! ; yet afterwards, even 
 " he held his peace and kept filence,in fuch fore, as hefaei©*^ to changehis opinion, and to be of 
 "mymind in cheend. Some others there be that have taktnafevcra'liCcurfeby theml'elves, and 
 ''thought ittierter to ciirp at theirGeneral behind his back ihantoadmoniffihim to i}isfa/re;As 
 "forme, 1 will not think much nor make it dainty, torenderareafon both to you, O F.lit^afieay 
 '';&:to them alfovvho have thought the fame that yon did ''.ilthough they carried it more fecret- 
 '^ly)why I made fuch (fay and deferred- battel. For,fo far off am I ofrepenting for our yeflerdaies 
 " rcpofe,tl;at I am of th'is belief rarher,how by that means and policy alone Ifared the vvholr'ar- 
 "my.Andiiecanfe ncnaofyou may think that I have taken fuih a pitch, and hold that opinion 
 '' ofmint withoutjult caiTie,letbim'confider& difcourfe'tpgether with me(if he think fo good) (^j 
 ,," what advantages the enemies had,& how many things made agiinff us.Firft and formbff.how 
 *' far they furpals us in number, allured I am that none of yon cnherwasigrpram before, or 
 " could chule but obferveand mark yefterday, feeing their army how it wasthruft and thronged 
 ''together. And oft hat fmall number which we are, the fourth part ofour fighting men was left 
 w(: ^ =»>«■ behind to guard the carriage; & welyewot,th3t we fet not themoft cowards to the keeping of 
 .-i «<T(yurbaggage.Butfuppole we had been all there together. How then? think we,I pray you,i1iat 
 
 •' wc 
 
 XJ ttv- 
 
 t ii vs
 
 The foHK and fortieth Boo{ofT.Lmiik ^ hk'^ 
 
 A " we hive noc enough of it,evcn out of this very camp wherein we have refted one whole night, 
 " to go either this day or to morrow at the fartheft, with the leave and power q( thegods into' 
 "thefieldjifyoufhallfo think good? Skilleth it not indeed, andisit all one, toblda loiildier 
 ^•take arou;, whom neither the travel ofthisdaies journey, nor toil of laborious work hath 
 *' tainted and wearied^but is at quiet,yea and trefli within his tent fc fo to bring him fortli Into 
 " the field for a battel lufty and flrong, full of bodily vigour of heart ? or to oft'er and expole unto 
 *' the enemy who is hearty and freflijwho bath taken hisrelf and eafejSc hath brought withbirji 
 " to a fight,his Hrength entire and whole. not foiled or fpent upon any occalion; to prefent.l fjy^ 
 *'unto fuch an enemy, a fouldiet tired oiu with long journey upon the way, wearied with larry- 
 " ing his burden,all molten to fweat and dropping iherewiib, his jhroat f(.Grt.hed lor thirlt . hi? 
 
 B " face and eyes full of duft, and all his body roalied againft the noon-fun ? now tell me, by the 
 "yeowto the gods, what is he that being in this fo good a plight, werehe thevericli bealrand 
 *' coward otherwife in a tountry)could not foil and beat out ottiie field ihchasdieli ScmolUai^ 
 «' ant man that is?Moreover,what Hiould I fay how materially important this alio was tha'ouK 
 " enemies hadmarflulled their battaillons with great leilure after long time ot reli that they had 
 '' repaired and refrefhed their own ftrength, & flood ranged every man orderly in his own ranki 
 " whereas we were at one infiant both haflily to embattel and let our men in array,yea,and alfb 
 "tofalltoskirmiflipell mell without all order? But may fomemen lay, True it isvour battel in-, 
 <' deed we fliould have had mui-h out of fquare and fluifled in great confuf.on: yet our camp was 
 " well fortified ; we had forecafl and provided for good watering, the pallage thereto waspood 
 
 C '' &lafeby reafon offlrong guards placed every way ; & allcoaUs were cleared about us by ohk 
 " efpials.Nay .1 wis,but contrariwile,nothing(to fay truly) was ours, but the bare & naked plain 
 " field where we were to fight.Your anceflors in times pafl,e(ieemed a camp fortified with ram- 
 <■'■ piers and trenches, asgood as a port and harbor of lure refuge, for anarmyagainlf all chances 
 •' and misfortunes whatfoever : from thence to iffue forth^Si thither to retire for l"3fety,a.'ter ihey 
 "had been tolled and beaten with the tern pert of a battel. And therefore when it was empaled 
 <' round about with good defences.,they had a care alfo tore- enLr^ef^lirengt hen it with fiions: 
 *' guards ;foralmuch as he that hath lolthii camp & is turned out ot itisevcrholden for vanqui.-: 
 " fhcd.riotwithHanding he won the day S: had the better in the field.The hold of a camp ferverfi 
 *>-for a place of retreat to the conqueror ; ?c ofrefuge to theconquered.How many armies could 
 
 D ••! reckon, whi^h having fped but badly in the battel,were driven to take their leaguer; yet after- 
 *' wards feeingtheir time, and I'pying their vantage otherwhiles lallied forth &in the turning of 
 *'• anhandrepulied and difcomfited the enemy for all Wn former vi(^ory? This feat andretreatot, 
 '•■fouldiersintimeof warrefembleth as a man would fay, anothernativecountry of theirs ; the 
 "rampier fervethin'.iead of walls. the tent and pavilion is to every fouldierhis houfeand home. 
 <' And fhould we have fought indeed like vagabonds without any place of manlion vvherunto we 
 " mightbetake our felves after viftory ? But againft thefe dilliculties and empeachmecfs of giving 
 " bittel.this one thing is obje(5fed:Ho w and if the enemy(lay fome)had gone his waies laif nighe 
 ''between; what a foul deal of trouble Siforrow fliould we have endured again in puriuing him; 
 " as far astotheheart,nay,tothefarthefl frontiers of Af.icrda»)}Bvt I for my part verily hold this 
 
 E " for certain,that if he had ever meant to have (farted trom hence, he would never ha\ e ftaid thus 
 *^ here as he hath done,nor brought his forces out into the field. For how much more eafie was it, 
 " for him to depart 2c be gone whenwe were farther off, than now when weareready to tread 
 "upon his heels,and go over his back? Surelyheconldnot polTibiy have given u> the Hip but we 
 '• fhould have been aware ofhisdiflodging either by day or night. But, fay he had gone his waies, 
 *' what could we have wiflied more at the god'; hardsthan to let upon the back part of the ene- 
 " mies in the open plain ground,d;parting in dli'array disbanded one from anoiher,?sthey abarr- 
 " doning their fort and firong hold, and whole camp fitiiat moft lure upon an exceedin;^ high and' 
 *'-fkep bankof a river fortified alio with arampier, and many a iVonce and turretbefide wegave 
 "the venture to affault? Lo, what the caufe; were, why the battel was put oft" from yefkrday to 
 F " this prefent. For I mufl tell you, I am as willing my felt to try the tortune of a field as any other: 
 *'and tothat end(becaurethe3dvennes tothe enemy over the ri\er E>jifc!4s were flopped up a- 
 "gainllusjl have found anew way through anotherpafsand flraight.bydiileizing theguards of 
 "the enemies there left ; and never will! give over untiil I have defeated him quite, and broughc 
 " this war to an end.Atter this oration all keptfilence partly,t'orthatmany of them were won 1:0 
 hisopinioniand partly>becaufe they feared to find fault to no purpofc & fo to give offence, when 
 athinghowfoever oncepafl^cannot be recalled and amended. But that day neither, was there 
 battel! fought,ror any great defire that the Conful or Kin<; had thereto.The King wiflied it not f 
 becaufehe was now to charge his enemies, not weary of their way as the day before, nortron-* 
 bled about their embattelling in fuch fort & hardly at thclafl brought intoorder, TheConfnla- 
 (3 gain had nocreatflomack thereto.for that his camp newly pitched, was provided neither offe* 
 well nor forrage brought in and laid up already : and for the purveyance thereof, out of the villa- 
 ges and fields near at hand , many of the fouldiers were gone abroad torth of the camp. And thus 
 when neither of the Generals were willing thereto, mere chance and tortune ^ which is more po- 
 werfull than all the counfeland policy of man) made means and gaveoccafionofa bsttell. There 
 wasarivernot very great, near to the enemies camp, whereat both Romansand Macedoni- 
 ans watered: and on either bank fide certain guards kept their rt lions for the r<it"ety and fec^irity
 
 neg 'The four and fortieth Boe\ (fTlivhik 
 
 as well of the one part as the other.Two Cohorts there were forthe Romans ofMaii-ucines ahd ft 
 Pelionians, footmen; two troops or cornets befides of Samnit horl'eineh; allcommahded by^^ 
 SerJtm Syltts a lieutenant. Over and befides, another ftandinj; corp! de guArd(\mntTkd before the 
 camp, containing three cohorts, namely,of Firmian, Vettine, and Cremonian footrn'en^toeeiher 
 with two troopsof Plicentine and Efletnian horfemeii,all conduced by lieutenant €h^'i^u.\^o^^ 
 when all was well and quiet about the river, and no Hde provoked orchallenged other ; ittortii- 
 ned that a fumpter horfe [of the Romans]about the fourth hour of the day brake from the h aiids 
 ofthofethat had the tending arid keeping offuch, took the river and made toward the bank of 
 the farther fide : & when three fouldiers followed after crols the water alrhoft knee-deep to catch 
 him^the Thracians began to train the jade from the midrt of the river to their bank fidei bur after 
 one of them was flain^the Romans recovered the heart again & retired to their owii guard. Now I 
 there was allrongcorj»f ^f^«!>-^of 800 Thracians upon the bank which the enemies kept, front 
 whence fotne tew athrft, taking it to the heart that a countriman of theitsfliould thus be killed 
 befc re their face.traverfed over the river in purfuit of thofethat hadflainhim; afiervyards more 
 and more,and in the end all followed after, and together with that guard; * ^j '*''i'''. *""*'* 
 leadeth to the battei. Men were tnovcd with a reverence of the majeflyof hispface,^asfie'was t. 
 General; alfo with refpedl of 1 he honour and glory of the man otherwife;and above all.with the 
 regard of hisage : for that beirgaboutthreefcore years old he did undergo the offices and parts of 
 young men in the adventures oigieated travell and danger. That void ipace which was between 
 the light targettiers,called Cttrati, and the thick battaillons nimed Phalargss.the legion took up 
 clean, and broke withinthe battel! of the enemies. Behindthe Ci-fr.it; was this legionand hadaf- ^ 
 front them the Pavoifers called .^^/.".[pides^ with refplendem or fhining ftiields. L.yhttliuh who 
 had been Conful beforetime, was commanded to lead againU the battaillon of other Pavoifers 
 called Laicdfidis with white fliiclds.And that was the mainbattell of the enemies. Againft the 
 right flank from whi^h quarter the skirmiflifirrt began about the river, the Elepharits werecon- 
 dii6ied together with a wingof confederat horfemen,and from thence began the Macedonians to 
 fly. For like as many new devices and inventions ofnlenjcarry forrte fhew in apparance of words 
 when they arefirrt fpokcnof; but cometopraAife and try them once, and not to argue and dif- 
 putehow they fliould be put in execution, they vaniOi away without effeftand prove Ju(t no- 
 thing!: even foat that time, theElephantsbare a name only in thebattell. without any ufeand 
 fervice at all .That violence of the Elephants(fuch as it was)the Latine allies feconded iihmediat- L 
 ly, and forced the left fl nk to retire.Then the fecond legion wasputforch^andinthemiddentred 
 upon the Phalanx and put it to flight ; neither was there any caufe of victory more evident than 
 this,namely,that many skirmiflies there were in divers places, which at the firH troubled the Pha- 
 lanx,and afterwards difcomfited it.True it is that to abide the force thereof it is unpoffible,fo long 
 asitkeepeth clofe united together Scputtethforth their fharp pointed pikes bent thick couched 
 together brert- high : but if a man by charging the fame here and there, force them once to turn 
 about ihofe pikes,whi^h tor their length and heavy weight are unwieldy and hard to guide-,they 
 foonare intangledand catch ore within another untowardly: but in cafe it fall out fo,that there 
 be any tumult made either aflank or behind^then there enfueth a gtnerall trouble and confnfion 
 ofalhasif they all at once came tumbling down: like as it hapnedthen,when as againft the Ro* {^ 
 mans, who affailcd them by troops in fundry parts.they were driven to break theirbattaillon into 
 many plece-',as it were. and fo to make head & affront the enemy. But the Romans elpied where 
 there was a breach made and lane left between, and there they would inhnuat and wind in with 
 theirranks and files: who, if they had run upon the front of the Phalanx clofe ranged altogether 
 with their whole battaillon, they had enwrapped and entangled themfelves withiii their pikes: 
 ( which in the beginning ottheconflid hapned to the /'fZ/^w/, as they un^dvifedly dealt with the 
 targettiers,called Cfoxf /)and had never been able to fuftain that battaillon united thick and cou- 
 ched together. But as there was a cruel! flaughtfrcommitted upon the companies of the infantry 
 in every placefue only thofethat flung away their weapons and fled; fo the fouldiers ofthe Ca- 
 valry departed in manner fafeand found out of iheconfliit. TheK.himfelfwas thefirfl man that j,^ 
 fled: and now by this time was efcaped beyond Pydaar\A with his cornets of horfemen which 
 they call Sacred made halle to Peild. ^non after followed Co/} urn/. and the Cavalry ot the Odry- 
 fians confequently.othertroopsand companies ofMacedonian horfemen departed and kept their 
 arraies ui broken: for that the Phalanx or battaillon ofthe foormen between which kept the con- 
 querours occupied in execution, put them quite out of remembrance to purfue the men ofarms. 
 Along time continuc-d the maffacre ofthis Phalanx afront,aflank & behind. In theendjthey who 
 efcapedthe hands of the enemies &fled without weapons to thcfea ; fome took the water-and 
 tlretchingtorth their hands to them that wereaboord in tliefliips, mofl humbly befought thetn 
 lortolave theirlives: and when they faw the Irnall pinnaces and cockboats making apace on all 
 hands toward them from the fhipsthey imagining that theircoming was tocatch them for their q' 
 priloner-; rather than to kill them outright,waded farther into the wafer, yea.andlbmefwimmed 
 torward: but when they faw they were by them of the boats thin in all hoHile manner like ene- 
 mies,as many as couId,fwam back again to land : where they met with a fouler mifchief, and were 
 worfe plagued than before: for the Elephants (driven bytheirgovernourstothe {horc)trode 
 them under toot and cruflied their guts out. All men generally agreed in this pointThar neverac 
 any one field, were fomany Macedonians dcteated and killed by theRomans: for 2cooomen 
 
 were
 
 .'J ■f'-<^ 
 
 1 be four drfd fortieth BooJ^^ofTlAvm. |^| 
 
 A were there flain,and to the number of 6000 (who fled to Pydnx out of the batrail)came alive in- 
 to the enemies hands ; 5000 beddes were taken priloners, as they fled llatcering and disbanded 
 hereandtherc. Ofthevii^ors, there died not abovean hundred, and themore pjrtbyfarotPe- 
 lignians ; but a greaternumber fomewhat,were hurt and wounded. And if the battailhad bcun 
 fooner, that the winners might have had day enough to follow the chafe upon r heir enemies^'ai! 
 cheit forces had been utterly defeated and deavoured by the fword : bntnowcheniohtconjin^ 
 upon them, as it covered and fliado wed the enemies that fled, fo it caufed the Romans net to be 
 fo hafly and forward in purfuit ; conhdering they were not acquainted with the coaHs of the 
 countrey. PerfeutRcd to the forrefl Purta by tbeport rode vvay with a great number of borfmen 
 and his royal train about him. So foon as he was entred the forslf where the way divided into 
 B fundry and divers parts, feeing that the night approached, he turned out of the high beaten wav 
 with very few of his moft loyal and faithful frieiids.The horfemen being thus abandoned andle.'c 
 deftitute of their leader, flipt fome ode way and fome another home into their own Cities: ccr* 
 tain of them (but very few) recovered PelLi before Perfem himfelfjbecaufe they rode a dircd and 
 ready way. The K.was much troubled and vexed until midnight a!mofl,what with fearand whac 
 withdifliculty tofind out the way. When he was come to /'ftf.i,£«ff//j- the G'ovtmour thereof, 
 and the Kings pages, were ready attendant at the court to wait upon him and do him fervice : bnc 
 . . contrary-wife, of all thofe friends whoefcaped fafe out ofthebattailand chanced by variab'ead* 
 ventures to come into PelLi,tht:e would not one come at him-not withlf anding they were often- 
 times fent for. Three only bare him company in that flight of his, to wit, Evaiidcr oi'Cracj Neon 
 C a Boeotian, antJ Archidamm the j^tolian. Fearing therefore leR they who refufed to come untd 
 him, would foon after enterprife fome greater matter againft him ; with thofe three hefled dill 
 forward, about the fourth watch of the night. After him there followed upon jooCretcnfians^ 
 Toward An^phtpolis he went; but he departed in the night from ?f//,i, making all the had h^ 
 could to pafs over the river ^.v/V« before day-light, fuppohng that the B.omans would give over 
 the chafe there, by reafon of the difficult and dangerous foord. 
 
 The Conful being returned into the camp with vi£tor> > (becaufe he fliould not have the fruiti- 
 on of lincere and perfed joy) wa; greatly difquieted and iroubiid about hisyongerfon, and tha: 
 was P.Scipio, furnamed alio afterwards JfricMus^ beoauforiie rafed the City of Canhaie : the na- 
 tural fon he was of the Conful Pan/u^, and the adopted nephew or grand- child of ^/r'/c^^^,: he 
 D was at that time,: 7 years of age, and(whi>.h augmented the lorrow of the father) whiles he fol- 
 lowed fn chafe the enemies upon the fpur, was carried by the prefs a contrary way, in fuch fort, z$ 
 it was lare ere he returned : and then the Conful having recovered hisi again fa!e and found, fek 
 the joy of fo great a vidory, and not before. - ? 
 
 When the bruit and news of this battail was arrived at ^mpl}i[ol(i, and that the dames ancJ 
 wives of the City ran flocking into the Temple oi Diana, whom cheycall Taarepolos, to befeech 
 and call for her aid, -D/Worw the chief Governor of the City, fearingtheThracianj (who were 
 2000 in garrifon j left in that tumult and garboil they would fpoil and rifle the Cityjcraftily fubor-r 
 ned a fellow on fet purpofe in gnife and fliew of a letter-carrier, and received from him letters in 
 the mids of the market place: wherein it was written, That the Roman fleet was arrived in Em;.'t- 
 E thia, and that the territories all about were pitifully waited by them; and therfore the rulers and 
 captains ofEmathia requefted him to fend a garifon to (uccour them againll thefe foragers.Wheti 
 he had read thefe counterfeit letters, he ejchorted the Thracians to undertake this expedition and 
 to go into EwJ'^/:'/^ for to guard thecoafts thereof .-giving them tounderlland, thatconlidering 
 the Romans were ioofly flragling and fcattered about the fields and vilhges, they might make a 
 foul havock and flaughter ofihem,and befides raife and bring away with them a great bootywith- 
 all,he forgat not to elevateafmuch as hecould, the fame of the forfaid unhappy field fought, fay- 
 ing. That if all had been true,there would have been meflengers coming thick one after another 
 upon their flight^to bring frefli tidings ftilltherof. Underthis pretence he fent away the Thraci- 
 --;ilns; and fo foon as he fa w they were pafled over the river .s'r^/wow, incontinently hefluit the 
 F gates. The third day after the battail fought,c3me Pcrfeas to Amplvpolis, and from ihence hefent* 
 Orators to Paulusw'wh an herald of peace. Mean-while HrppiuSjUid^n.^nd Paitaucm the Kings 
 principal friends, went themfelves to theConful,andfurrendred unto the Romans Berrl^Jia v/hi- 
 ther they had retired and fled immediatlyout of the field. OiherCities alfo flrucken with fear 
 oneafteranother, prepared to do the like. ' 
 
 " The Conful,after he had lent to Rome with tidings and letters of this vi^ory, Q^.Fabiw his own 
 fon,together with L.Loitutw and ^.Mfff//«;,gave the fpoil ofthe enemies army thus lying defea- 
 ted, unto his footmen: but the horfemen he allowed the booty of all the territory round abourj, 
 with condition,that they fliould not be abfent from the camp more than two nights. Then, he re- 
 moved neerer unto the fea and lodged about Pyd^.a, Firft^/vrr/.'-c ; (as is beforefaid) ycelded,then 
 QTheJf.ilonicamd PclU'iind confequently,all Macidory wel-neer within two dales was furrendrcd. 
 ButihePydneans who werenextuntohim, asyet were behind with fending their Embafladors : 
 the reafon was,for that theconfufed confluence thither of many nationsand the difordercd mul- 
 titutJe of thole that fled out of the field, and were all met there together,hindred the connfeland 
 confcnt of the whole City: fo as the gates were not only flmt but alfo mured up. Now wereM/-' 
 don and Tanta,'icus{tT\i\.o pari under the walls with Sff/o«,w ho lay there with a garrifon.-by whofe ' 
 nieansthe whole troop and multitndeof armed men was fent awayjtheCity rendredupand thC; 
 piJlagegiven tothc louldiers, N n n n Pfrf:fis,
 
 Q-g The five and fortieth Bool\^ o/T.Livius. 
 
 Perfeiis.whok only hope was in the aid of the Bifa!tes whom he had affaied and follicited, and H I 
 for which purpol'e he had fenc his Embafladors (although in vainj held a publick aflembly, and 
 bringing his fon Philip with him,came forth before the people ; to the end that he might by fome 
 exhortation confirm and llrengthen the hearts,as well of the Amphipolitans as the companies of 
 foot and horfc) who either at all times continually had followed him, or were retired thither by 
 flight for refuge. But ever as he was about to make a fpeech unto the audience (which he oft be- 
 oan to do) he could not proceed for tears. Now for that himfelf was not able to fpeak he came 
 down from the piiipitjand imparted unto Eiander the Cretenfian thofe points,whi: h his willwas 
 to be delivered and propolcd unto the congregation there allembled. Themukitude,as they la- 
 mented and wept again :o fee the King fo piteoufly fhed tears;fo they regarded net ibi fpeech of 
 £zvz«^./-; nay, fome of them were fo bold as to cry out aloud from the mid(f ofihe afllmbly. A- I 
 way, away jand get ye gone from hence that the fmal remnant of us here pcrifli not for your .^kes. 
 ^ Thehouc refolutionot chcfe menHoppedE-r^^i/j^/frhismouth, that he could not fay a word and 
 
 reply again. The King by this time was gotten to his lodging and having conveighed into certain 
 bottoms upon the river 5r>-;»;(7;« all his money, gold, and filver went allbinpetfondown to the 
 water fide. The Thraciansdurli not goaboord and commit to fea, but flunk every man away to 
 his own home; and fo did all the fort otfouldiersbefidcs. The Cretenhans only ftor greedy hope 
 ofgain) accompanied the King, who becaufe in fliaring & dealing money amongthem,he fliould 
 incur more offence than win thanks laid outfifty talents among them upon the river fide to fcath- 
 blefor. When they had made quit k riddance and a clean hand with it they wentaboordinagreac 
 hurry foas one barge overcharged with a multitude of paffengers was caft away and funk in the K 
 mouth ofche river. That very day they arrived at Galiffus, and the morrow after at ^amothrace^ 
 liie very place that they intended ; and thither (by report) were conveighed 2000 talents. P<?«- 
 //j after he h-id fenc prcfidents to go\ em every City furrcrdred,to the end that no injury fliould 
 be offered in this new peace to the conqutred,and detaining with him ftill the Kings heralds and 
 Orators, not knowing any thing ol the Kings flight and departure, fent P. Nafica to Amphifolis 
 with a mean regiment of foot and horfe, to ruinat and deflroy at once S»»;/c<«5and alfo to empeach 
 all thcdefignmentsandenterprifes of the Romans. 
 
 In this time MdiUa was forced an^ranfacked by Cn. OBavins : but at t^ginium (to the fiege 
 whereof G7./4;?/a«f the Lieutenant was fent) 200 men were lofl by a fally made out of thetown, 
 for that the iEginians heard not the news of the late defeat. L 
 
 The Conful departed komPjdna with his whole army,and the morrow afte^ came before Pelli. 
 Where having encamped within a mile of the City, he made abode there for certain daies to view 
 cnall fides the fituation oJ^theCity,whitb he perceived and marked full well,to have been chofen 
 not without good caufe/or the imperisl feat of the Macedonian Kings. Situat it is upon an hili 
 that lieth to the SouthvveH enclofed found with meats fo deep as they cannot poffibly be waded 
 and paffed though: and thefemariflies are bred and fed both winter and fummer by waters over- 
 flowing out of certain lakes. Within the very marifh next unto the City fide, therefiandeth a 
 ftrongTowerby it felf,bearingupabovethereft3as\t werean Ifland raifed upon a ierrace,made 
 with exceeding labor of mans hand, which terrace both fuflaineth a walI,andisnothurt with the 
 moiflure of the marifliround about it;and afarofffeemeth clpfe joined to the City wall. How- M 
 bcitjdivideditisby a river between it and the wall, and yet united to theCityby abtidgover it: 
 foas,whofoeveraflaileth the fame without, can havenoaccefs any way to it neither if theKing 
 be difpofed to fliut and enclofe any man within, can he polfibly make an efcipe and get forth but 
 over the f.iidbridgiwhich a few men may keep and guard witheafe. In this place the Kings trea- 
 fureufcd to lie,but at that timethere wasno more found but the 300 talents which were fent to 
 King 6'f ;;/,v« firlKand afterward ftaid and detained. During the time that the Conful remained a- 
 boutTf/Aiin his flandingcamp many embaffages had audience given them who repaired thither 
 outofT/'f^jfrf/fefpecially to congratulate with him,teftifying their own joy and wifhing his. But 
 the Conful after that he had intelligence that Per[eMs\\^A croffed over to Sawothracia-, departed 
 from PcHd^inA at the fourth gift and journey that he made,came to Jruphipolii The whole mul- N 
 titudewentforth oftheCity ingreatnumberstomeeihim, which gave teftimony to every maOj 
 
 thatneither agood nor juftKing * ♦ * ^. * j^ 
 
 ^ ■ i^__ . ^ 
 
 The five and fortieth Book 
 
 Of the HiftoriesofT. Livius of Padua, ^row? the Foundation 
 
 of the City of Kome, ^ 
 
 The Breviary of L. Flortu uport the five and fonleth Book, 
 
 PErfeus w<« taken prifonerby iEmylius Paulus in Samothracia.W''^M Antlochus Ktn^ of Sytiiie^ 
 /Tf/r^Ptolomxus/jW Cleopatra, King <»WQwe»o/iEgypt, Embajfadort were fent from the 
 Senat o/Romcj willing Antiochus togive over, and be fiege no more on afociat King untothem • tut 
 
 TfhfH
 
 The five and fortieth Bool^ofTlAVms. ^~J^ 
 
 A wbenhemAde anfiver to this thir mejfa^e delivered, that hewottldconfidrr det'te^rvhat he n.^dtode 
 Popilius one of the /aid EmbiijfadorS'>wtih hts rodthat he hadtn hts haid drew a circle abontthe Km/ 
 and charged him to givehiw Mother anfrver before he went o::t of that circle : by vhich r ude,roptq-h,and 
 hlu»t behavior, he forced Anciochus to Uy away arms andfurceafs WAr. Divers Embaffies ef Slates 
 and Kings cahe with congratnl.ition, andrfere Admitted into the SenM. As for that of the Rhodiai7s.be- 
 caufetn the late war the) flood out andtocl^part againft the Rot»ans,it was excluded. The morrow after ^ 
 when it wa6 debated in counfel^about making roar upon the Rhodiani.jhe Embajf.idors pleaded the canfe. 
 of their countrey in the Sen.n : So, they r.either had a friendly di (patch andfarcweLat p.tliedaJfoci.its,Mot: 
 yet werefent away as profeffcd ir.emies. Macedony wai now reduced into the form cfa Province, JEtnv- 
 lius Y'i\l\nstritimphcdynotwithJ}andtngthe contradiction of his oivnfo!ild:ers,difconcentcdfor that they 
 B werepinched & cutfhortiii the pillage,& although Ser.Sulpilius Gaiba mtcrppfed himfelf & g^infiid 
 It. He led before his chariot PerleUS with his three fons, Andthat the joy of this triumph of his (hould 
 not beentire and accompljhedj lemijhedfoulj it waswiththe death of his two fons: the one diedbtfore 
 the other after the trutoiph of the father. The Cenfors took^a review of the City, in which were alfejfed 
 andenrolledin their fubjidy books j i 2805 cttiz^ens. Prulias King o/Bithynia repaired to Rome, to 
 rejoyce with the Senat in their behalf for the victory a^id conqmfl e/ MacedonyjW'/jfnf her commended 
 unto the Sen.it his f on Nicomedes. This b^fe minded King, madeall of flattery ^nUmed himfelfthe en- 
 franchifedvaffal oft he people of Rome. 
 
 The five and fortieth Book^ ofT, Livius. 
 
 tiintius FabiHs,L,LentHlHs^ind Q^. Aletelliss^th&.mt^ingtti of che late vidofy, albeit che^ 
 I made a 11 the hart thatpofllbly they could, and came fpeedily to ^owc, yet found the joy 
 thetof to have prevented them: for the fourth day after the baitaii fought with the Kingg' 
 , ^^even as the playes and games were exhibited in the fhe w-place,there was heard fuddain- 
 y at firlt)aconfufed humming noife, which fpred oxerall.che companies of the fpe(ftator3, That a 
 field was fought in Atacadony ^nd P^'r/fwvanquifhed: afterwards arofe a more tleer and evidenc 
 voice, which grew at length to an open flioiit and ^-jpping of hands, as if certain news had been 
 brought of the faid vidory. The magiHratswondr-dtiereat, and madefearch after the author of 
 [)thisro fuddain gUdnefs, but none would be founf*:an3\hen verily it paffed away asthemomen- 
 rany joy of fome vain and uncertain occurrence i howbeit a joyful prefage of feme good luck fet- 
 Jed in mens hearts and remained behind. Buc after that this was confirmed hy the true report and 
 relation of F<;^;«/, Lentulus, zad Metellus, which they made at their oming. ill menreioyced as 
 v/ell at the fore-giving of their minds, as for the vi^lory it felf.This joyous comeit of thi^ aflem- 
 bly in the fhew-place, is reported othervvife, and carrieth with it no lefsprobabiity and ikeli- 
 hood of truth, in this manner: Upon the * 2 2ofS(pf<'w^fr(whii.h was tbel'econddayof 'hefo- * nd dicimttt^ ; , 
 lemnity of Romans games) as the Conful was going up to the lifts for to fet out the running of '^"fe^idis qUo- 
 thechariots,apoft,by repoit,( who faid hewascomeout ol/l/.rcf£/o»)')prefented letters unto him 
 decked with lawrel.The Conful then lb foon as he had fet on foot the race,prerently mounted up 
 E into his own chariot : and as he rode through thefliew-placetowardthecommonf-afFolds, he 
 fliewed unto the people the faid laureatlecters.-which being once ieen,the people prefently ^for- 
 getting all their fports and fights) ran out into the mids of the cirque & thither the Cof.affembled 
 theSenat;unto whom when he had read the letters^by the advice and allowance of the LL. even 
 before the publick ftages and fcaffolds, he publifhed the contents tberof to all the people in this 
 manner,That L.^myhus his colleague had fought a fet fielci with K.Pf r/?«/,That the army of the 
 Macedonians was difcomfited and put to flight. That the King himielf wis fltd with fome icyi of 
 his train, and that all the Cities of Macedony werefubdued and brought under the fubjedtion of 
 the people of Rome. Thele tidings were no fooner heard, but there arofe a fliout with exceeding 
 great applaufe jo fo much as many men there left the fight of thele difports, and cirried thefe joy° 
 pful news home to their wives and children. This was the thirteenth day .ifter the battail given in 
 M.tctdony. The morrow after the Senat alTemhled in Cu i. (H.f}-ili.i)ir\d ordained it wa-; that pu-. 
 blick procelTions fliould be folemnized;an Adl: alfo pafl(:d,that the Conl'ul En.ylinf fliq'uld difmifs 
 •all thofe that had taken the military oath,excepting onl y the I'ei-fouldier^ and mariner^^and as for 
 the difchart:ing of thofe fouldiers,agreed it vvas,ihat it fliould be moved in the Councel-chamber,' 
 when the Lieutenants were arrived and come from L.,i£wr/'«' the Confuljtor they had difpatched 
 a courrier with letters before them. Now thefe meflengcrs aforefaid entred the City the * i^th of >*i. .p^t^cj^ 
 September about thefecond hour of the day, and drew after them a mighty tnin of thofe wh« en-" lend-ohehiti 
 countring them upon the way wherefoever they went.accompanled them to Rome and fo direiSlly 
 went to the market-plice and tribunal feat. In fortuned that the Senators fat then in the ordinary 
 Q Curia or Councel-houfe,and thither the Conful brought the Embaffadors. Where they were re- 
 ceived and held fo long only as they might declare thefe points How great ihe.Kings forces were,' 
 as wellinfootas horfe ; how many rhoufand were flain, how many taken prifoners ; what fmall 
 lots of Roman fouldiers that great defeat of enemiescofiihow few they were in number that the 
 King fled witb;that it was fuppofed he would pafsinto S^imothracia-ihitiheflect was inreadincsj. 
 to make way after them in chafe ; and that it was not polTible for him to cfcape either by Land or,, 
 S$3. And then anon they were brought forth before the general aflembly of the people, where, 
 
 N nnn ^ 'he/
 
 y 
 
 62 J be five and fortieth BooliofTJJivms. 
 
 they made relation of the fame. And then the joy was renewed upbn proclamation made by the H 
 Conlul, That all the facred temples and churches fliould be fet opqn: and that evejry hian ftiould 
 depart out ofthe aflembly to render thanks unto the Godsiinfuch fortjthat all thetemples of the 
 Gods throughout the Whole City were repleniflied with mighty multitudes and congregations 
 hot otmenonly,but slfo of women. Then the Senatmet again in the ordinary Curia: and ordai- 
 ned that publickproceffionj and thanks fhould be made for five dales together in all Churches 
 and Chappels and at every Altar for the happy and fortunar fuccefs of L.&myliMS^ and that grea- 
 ter head of beaHs fliould be killed forfacrifice.Alfo that the fhips which rid ready rigged and well 
 appointed in the river Tjberu for to be fetit into Macedoi^y^Ciu cafe it had fo fain out.iTiat rhe King 
 had been able to have refifled^ fl-iould be retired and drawn to land, ?.ndf# laidupdriein their 
 docks and arfenals: alio that the mariners fhould be caffed, after the receit of a whole years pay, I 
 arid together with allthofe who had fworntoferve the Conful^lhould have their conge and pa- 
 fport to be gone. /t<:w,that all the foUldiers in Cor cyrn-,BruKdfifi urn, zhoxK the Adiiatick fea, or iri 
 the territory of the Larinats (for in all thefe there was an army fet in readinefs,wherwitb C.Li'ci- 
 nius if need required fliould have fnccoured his colleague) fliould have iheirdifiharge. Alfo pro^ 
 ' ittJ-quht. ceflions werepublifliedin the ful! aflembly ofthe people, to begin * from the tenth day of Off 0- 
 /./(fjOaob. ^er, and fb CO hold on five daicS after. _ , 
 
 Out ol Illyricttm alfo two Lieutenants ot meflengers, to vvic, /.. Licimus Ncrv/t and P,.Decm!.t 
 brought word that the army ol the Illytians was defeated ;thatKing Gentius Wis taken pf )loner3& 
 that zWlllyrictim was reduced under the obeifance ofthe people of ^owf.Forwhiih exploits at- 
 chieved by the leading aticJcorduil of L.^«/<r//</ the Pretor^the Senat decreed a folemnprocelTion K 
 to be holderi tor three daies,like as alfo the Latine fea(l & holy-daies were proclamed by the Con- 
 » 'iitqitaruur, ful/or to be holden the* ninth,tenth,and eleventh daies oihTovember. Some have recorded that 
 & frld.iditi fhcr.hodianEmbaffadors had not yet their difpatch, nor were fent away, but after the news of 
 iMorsmbr. this viclory, were called into the Senat in moikery and fcoin of that fotiifh infolence and pride of 
 their own. And then JgepoUf theprincipal perfon of them fpake in this manner, '■"• That iheRho- 
 " dians had fent them in deed as Embafladors to treat about an accord Ji to make peace between 
 "the Romans and King Pcrfeusjoi that this war as it was grievous and prejudicial to all Greeccy 
 '' fo it could not chufe but be chargeable and hurtful to the Romans themfclves. But fain cut it is 
 " paffing well through the goodncfs of formtn:. that lat war is ended ctherwife : and hath given 
 *' them fogoodan occafionand opportiuiity, to rejoyce and tcfiify their joy in the behalf ofthe L 
 '■•Romans, tor the atchievance6f fobrav-c and nWablea viftory. Thus much fpake theRhodian. 
 And then the Senat made anl'wer again, " That t'le Rhodians had fent that embafly not regarding 
 '' the good and profit of Grf^rejnor yet for any care they had ofthe expenfes defraied by the Ro- 
 '' mans. but only in lo\ e and favor of King Perfeut. For if they had been refpCfSive unto them (as 
 <' they would make femblance and have the world to ihink^they fhould have addreffed their Em- 
 ^'balVsdors when as Per fens iD\zded Thefsaly with an army, & for two years fpace perfecmed and 
 *' plagued the cities of Grf«'ce,befieging foihej& frighting others with menaces of waryet all that 
 " while,not a word with the Rhodians as touching peace. But after that they heard once that the 
 ''Romans were mounted over theftreightsandpalTed through into A^accdoyiyiihaiK'wg Perfeut 
 " vvasfln;t up and endofedfureenough for ftarting any way, then and not before, they could fend M 
 an embaflige for no other reafon in the world but to rid and deliver Perfensom of that iihminent 
 ''danger which threatnedhim fo ncerhand. With which anfwer the Embaff. were fent away. 
 About the very fame time M.M'irce/lnj being departed out ot his government in the province 
 of Spain-, alter he had forced and won Marcolica a renowned and famous City in tbofe parts, 
 • ^if"«in»«t' brought home with him and befiowed ioihe publick treafury ten pound weight o{ofi\diZnd*9i' 
 ('.f;'''"'*''*" bout a million of Seflerces in filver coin. _ . , 
 
 Patilus JEnt}liftnhc Conful lying eticamped fas is aforefaid) neer Syra in the Odomantidian ter- 
 ritory when hefaw the letters from King P^r/fw brought unto him by three Embafladors of bafe 
 condition, wept (by report) himfelf,toconfider the Iwilcy otthis world, and the fickle flate of 
 mans lite; to lee (I lay) that he whoerewhile could not red content with the rohhy o'ilAacedony', N 
 but would needs war upon the Dardanians and Illyrians and levythe aid ofthe Baftarnians, was 
 now after thelofs of his army, as one exiled out ofhis own Kingdom, driven into a frriall Hand, 
 where,like a poor fuppliant be remained in furety,not by means ofhis own forces,but through the 
 religious prote(^ion ofa fanduary & priviledged place.But when he read the fuperfcription ofthe 
 letterwith this flile. Kin^VevfcMS to the ConfuiVsnhsjfreetifigjhe could no more pity him,foc 
 thinking ofhis blockifli folly,in that he had no fence and feeling of the calamity ond mifery wher- 
 in he flood. And thettore albeit the contents ofthe letter otherwife vvere praiers fo demifs and 
 abjeft as little favoured of a princely mind,yec was that embaffage diimilted wiibout anlVer and 
 without letters, Perfcm foon perceived what title it was that he riuiO lay down and forget now 
 that he was vanquiflicd: wherupon headdreffed otherlettersinquality of a privat perfon with- 
 out any other addition at all: and by thofe as he craved, fo obtained be r)kewi''e,that certain agents 
 fliould be fent unto him, with whom he might parley and commutie as touching the ftate and 
 condition of his prefent fortune. So three delegat Emblifladcrs were lent unto him, namely, P. 
 Le»tulm,A. PoflhuT»itu Alhtntu and A.Antonius. But nothing was efFei>ed in this apency^ or Em- 
 baffa^e; whiles /'<^r/i't«fluck hard and laboured all he could to hold ftill and keep the roial name 
 of King,and Paalm endeavoured contrary-wife,that he fliould fubmit himfelf and all that he bad 
 
 CO 
 
 fitu
 
 i be five andjortiew mol^ of 1 .Livms. q5^ 
 
 A to theproieftion and clemency of the people oiRomeX>\ino° thefe debates andaffaires between 
 
 thetn,the fleet of C». OBaviui was arrived at Sumothrace, who alio prefenting before their eyes 
 
 feartuU objeils of terroY, went aboucto force hitn as well by threats and menates, as to win him 
 
 by hope of fair intreaty and good ufage to yeeld and fubmit ; and herein he fonnd fome help by 
 
 means of an occurrentjcither hapning by chance and meer ad venciire,or contrived by mans dev i.e 
 
 of fet purpofe. L.Attdius a noble yong Gentleman, perceiving that the people of the Samothra- 
 
 cians were met in a general aflembly, requeftedofthe Magirtratsthat he might be permitted to 
 
 make a fhortfpeech unto thepeople. Good leave he had, and then he began in this wife; '■'My 
 
 '' mafkrs and friends oiS.tmothr.icia^\ would gladly know, whether it be a falfe fable or n true tale 
 
 " which we have heard.That this is a facred llandjand the foil therof holy zvA altogether inviol- 
 
 B =' able?When they all accorded in one confentjthat the Hand was as holy and facred z% it was re- 
 
 " ported: How isicthen(qd. he^that amurthererhath violated and polluted it with the blood 
 
 " of King Enn!enes}hxid coniidering that in all preambles and prefaces of facred znd di\ ine fervice 
 
 *' premifedjthey are commanded precifely to avant from the minidery thereof. who have not pu: e 
 
 " and innocent hands;willyoufi]fterin deed your moR lecret fanituaricsand devout tabernacles 
 
 " tobettained with the bloody body of a thiefandfellon? Now was it a rife report and common 
 
 bruit in every City of Creecf,ThatK,£«»;<:wj had like to have been murdred at Delphcs by £z.»«- 
 
 </fr. TheSamothracians,befides that theyfaw their whole Jland and thefjid Temple to be in the 
 
 power and puiflanceof theRomans,tookthefereproofsand reproaches totouch themneer,acd 
 
 not without julfcaufe: whereupon they fent TheondM, the I'overaignmagiflratc (whom they call 
 
 Ctheir KJunto Kinc; P^^/^z/jgivinghim tounderfland,"'That £';:'it;j^.rtheCretennan was charged 
 "with murder: alfo that by cuftom and tradition from their ancellors, the/ had full power Trd 
 " authority to proceed by otderoflaw, againft all ihofc that wereprefented andenditedfor en- 
 *^ tring within the liberties and facred precindls of the Temple, with unclean and unpure hands. 
 *' Now if £z'i«/;^ifr Rand upon his innocency,and knoweth himfeif deer and unguilty of the i-aoital 
 <' ciime laid to his chargclet him come to his anfwer and plead his caufe for his own defence'and 
 *'hefliallbe heard: but if he dare not hazard the judicial tryal of theiflue, retire he and depart, 
 *-thathepolIutenotthe temple ; let hicnfliift forhimfclfand efcapeaway. /"fr/f// called forth 
 £z/^«^f>-untohim,willing him in no cafe to try the pro:efsofjuniLe;!br neither wou'd hiscau'c 
 jultify him.nor any favour bear him out. He much feared withal, left being caftandcondetnned, 
 
 J) he would bewray Perfeus himfeif and appeach him for the fetter and author of that fo horrible a 
 hEX ; and no way then but oncjcven with pacien:e and refolutlon to take his death, Ev.^;:Hcr "ain? 
 faid nought in outward appearance, but pretending in words, that he had rather dye by a cup ct" 
 poil'on than upon the fwords point, fought fecrec means to file and be gone. The King upon sd^ 
 vertifement hereof,fearing Ic/1 the Samothracians would dif^harge their anger upon him, as if be 
 had wrought his evaiion to avoid due punifliment, commanded £z'.?«i«- tobe madeaway ard 
 killed. After whichmurdercommitted thus raflily without al ad vifement,he be thought himfeif ?c 
 confidered, that he (hould be touched deeply with the fame fpot of guilt that EvMd.'r was noted 
 with: namely, that as Eumeyirswas by Evander vi o\ir\dz6. it Dclphos^ioEv.-indeyhyW\m W3smur° 
 dercd in 5.iwof/:ir.'«c/'4; andfothetwo moR holy and religious temples in the world were Rained 
 
 £and polluted with mans blood; and who but he the canfe and contriver thereot ? But the blame of 
 thisfoulfadt of his, was by the corruption of T'^fo^^^.M quite averted another way ; and he for a 
 fumofmoney barethepeopleinhand,that£'yiW^fr was his own hangman. But "P^v/^.tby this 
 lewd and deteRableadl, committed upon the perfon of the only friend whom he had alive- (fo 
 well approved and tried by him in lb many adventures, and now becraied for his labour by him, 
 unto whom he refufed to be a traitor^ eRranged clean the heart=: and affections of all men from 
 him :l"o as nowevery man ranged with the Romans, Thus abandoned as he was and left to him- 
 feif, they forced him tocaR about and devife how toefcapeand begone. Whereupon he called 
 unto him OroMdet the Cretenfian,a man that knew well the coaRs ot T/jr^c(r./becaufe he had ne- 
 gotiated and traded in tholeparcs;^and with him he dealt to embark him infomefma!lt'oi(r,and 
 
 p fo tocondufl him into Cotyi.i^ow there was a certain bay under a promontory of T/j>-.:c, where- 
 in a pinnace flood in readinefs : thither, after fun-letting were all things brought for necefl'ary ufe; 
 and money withal,afmuchasclofely coldbeconveighcd.ThcKinghimrdf at midnight accompa- 
 nied with threeperlbns(for no more were privy to this his Right) went out ata pof^ernorback 
 dore of the houl'e, into a garden neer his bed-chamber, and fo with much ado having dambred 
 over amud wall, paffed to the warer fide. Now was Oroides already looted from the forefaid 
 creek,forfofoonasthe money was once brought thither into the vefleLhelanched into the deep 
 and fet hiscourfe for GWy. Per feus, after that the bark was not to be found in the bay, walked 
 and wandred a good while along the Rrand: and fearing at laif the day-lighc 3pproaching(yet noc 
 fo hardy as to adventure back again to his lodging) lurked behind in'bnefide o? the temple dofe 
 
 Q nnto a blind corner and nook thereof. Among the Macedonians they called thofe the Kings pages 
 who were the Princes and noble mens fons,chofen to fcrveanJ wait upon the perfon of the King. 
 That company yet followed after the K.in his flightapd as hard as the world went, departed noc 
 fiom him until fuch time as by the commandment of C".0.'t.niii!, the publick cryer pronounced 
 with a loud voice. That the Kings pages and all other Macedonians befidesinSrtwf/;r,?r;Vt, if 
 they would turn to the Romans, fhould enjoy with fafety of life their eRate entire, their liberty 
 free and all that ever they either had about themjOr was left in M.^.cedony,hi which prodamatiori, 
 
 I^ n n n -; on:c
 
 064 I be five and jortteib mokjoj l.Livius. 
 
 once publiflied,ihey all immediaTly revolted totheRomaBS,2ideEtiediheirr£meswJth C.Pfy?-H 
 fjumi»s^3. martial colonel. Ljkevvile /«« of T/»<'/<«/o»/V/», delivered into the hands eiCciazius the 
 yorg infants o! the King, and not one of them all was kit with Pfr/^-'^s, but P/j/Z/phiseldeH fon: 
 and then he yeelded both himfelf and that Ion into the hands of OBavim, ^^W% out iipor !cr- 
 lune,andblamingtheGcds-in whole Temple they were, fonhaihe received no aid^nd lutccur 
 from themjnotwithftanding he humbly craved and befought the fsme. 1 hen commandment was 
 oiven, that hefhould be embarked intheadmirah ffiip: and thither alfo was brought ibcord all 
 the money that remained, and then forthwith the fleet retired to jinifhifdu : item whence CRa- 
 i^/wsfent the King to the camp unto thee otiful, hut frU he had diipati hed his letters to gi\e him 
 l(DOwledge,that he was fure enough under his hand, and that he was at the point tobebiougtc 
 unto him. P^w/ws, reputing this tor a lecord victory, (a^s it was no lefs indeed to be cflecmed)! 
 prefently upon the receit ot the meflage^ killed beaHsfor facrifice : and when he had called his 
 councel about him, and read the letters of the Pretorbeforethem, hefcnt Qj t/£/;*sT«^fj«ito 
 meet the K. upon the way, and commanded the reft in good frequency to remain in his capital pa- 
 villlon,and give attendance upon him. Ne\er was there feenbelore,fG great a multitude to lun 
 outior to feeanyfolemn fight or pageant. In their fathers dales King Sr/iZ-aA: was taken ptifoner 
 and brought into the Roman camp ; who befides that there was no ccmpsriicn between him and 
 Verfcf-s-, either inregardof his ownname or the renown of his nation, was then alfo fur an ac- 
 ' ccflary asit wereto the Punick war,likeas6tf»f/«snow to thelMacedonian.Pf'/tRs was the very 
 head of this war, neither was it the fame of his father and grandfire only (whom be neeily to uch- 
 ed in birth and b'.ood)that madehiu renowned, but the refplendentgxry ofP/.r/;/)and KUxaa- k 
 <ie>- the Greatjwho brought the foveraign empire and monarchy of the whole world to the Mae e- 
 donian nation. Well, P^r/^^j^sentred the camp arrayed in a blaclfcloak, without any one of his 
 own train to accompany him, who partaking hismifery, might caufemore ecmpnff-on tobehad 
 of him. TheafHuenceofthepeople was fo great who went out to fee him that for the very prcfe 
 be could not m.irch forward, untill fueh time as the confui fent his fergennts and hu ifhers to \ old 
 the thronging ofthe multitude- and make way for him to go to the confui his p.ivillion. Thecon- 
 ful arofe, and (giving commandment to the reft fortolit flill) advanced forward a little, and 
 ranght out his hand to the King as he entred into thepavillion ; and when he bowed and debafed 
 liimfelf to his very feet, he took him up again and would not fufter him once ro touch his knees, 
 but led him into the tent andcaufed him to fit down right over-againft thofewhom he called ihi-j^' 
 ther to counsel. The firft qiieftion that he demanded of him was this ; "What wronghehsd 
 " fuftainedatthe handsofthepeopieof ^cwf that hefiiouldbe conftraincd tocnrcrprile ard bc- 
 " gin the vvsragainft them with fomaliciousa mind as he did, and fotohazsrd himfelf his whole 
 *' ftate and Kirgdom. in futh extremity of danger ? And when every man attended what ani wee 
 he would inake, he ftaied a good while without utterance of ore word caftirg hiseyeswiftly 
 upon the ground, and fliedding tears withal. '■' Then fpake the confui again : It you had been buc 
 " yoDg(qd,he) whenyou catnetothecrown, I wonld veriiy for my part marvail thelefsjihat yoii 
 "fliould be fo ignorant as iiotto know how important it was, to have the people of /Jcw-e either 
 "•'fora triend oranenerhy :butnow,fince you both had youirhandinthat war which your father 
 *' waged againft us and alfo could not chufe but remember the peace afterwards made with him.w 
 "ard which we obferved moft faithfully. What policy was it for you to entertain war rather 
 " than peace, with themi wbofe force you had tried in \V2i and whofe fidelity you had found in 
 peace? Whenas he wouldyet makenoanfwerat alleither to queftion or actufation, the confui 
 went on and faid: '■'■ Well,howfoever thefe things are thus fain out and come to pafs,be it through 
 ^* the error and frailty of man by adventure of iortune and hard hap, or fatal neceflity of the defti- 
 "niesjbeofgoodthearyet, andtakea mans heart unto you : the gracious clemency and mercy of 
 *' the people of j^ow<r, well known and proved in the misfortunes of many Princes ard States, af- 
 "foord unto you not only hope-,but certain affuranceoffafety. Thus much fpakehetoPfr/f«sin 
 the Greek tongue: then, turning to his own sfliftants and company a hour him, bediredted his 
 fpeech to them in Latine as followeth. '' A notable example and rare inirrcur you fee (qd. he) of[»J 
 *•• the changeable variety ofthis world: to you I fpeak efpecial!y, my mafters here that arefrefln 
 *' and youthful gallants in the heat ofyouryorg blood. And therefore ler nomanin time of his 
 " profperity, carry himfelf proud and .violent againft another, noryet confidently to truft upon 
 " iheprefent ftate wherein he is,for who knoweth whatmay hap once yet before midnight ?Buc 
 "him alor.e will 1 hold fora man of valour indeed, whofe he:rt re'iher the gentlegale ofthis 
 *■ fawning and flattering world is able to lift aloft nor yet the bluftcring blafts of frowning fortune 
 " caft downordafh upon the rocks. After the confui wasrifen anddfrparted, he committed the 
 charge and cuftodyofkeeping the King to Qt^\>7tt<s JEHks. But for that day P;>/<«s wasnot only 
 invited courteoufly to fup with the confui, buc refpefted alfo in all kind of hone ras poflibly might 
 be done unto him in that ftate and condition oi his. q 
 
 Afterthisthearmy was divided here and there intogarrifcnsfor the wintertime. Thegreateft 
 part thereof was received into yimphifolis^ and the other cities neerad'oi.iing entertained rhe 
 reft. This was the end ofthe war between P^r/f^^s and the Romans, uh' b h.d endured tour 
 years one after another continually : and here an end withal of the moft flcnrifhirg Kingdom of 
 thegreateft partof£«r<'f(r andof all.^/;^. Verfeus wascounted the iweniieth KingalierC^r^wKS, 
 who wasthefii'ft that raigned there. This Pfr/f»s began his raign that year wheiein Q.F^'/'Z'''^s 
 
 and
 
 I be fivd and fortieth Boq\^ of T.Livius. ^ 5^ 
 
 A and L.M,tMius were Confuls. In the cime of M. 'Junius 2X\^ AManlms Confuls of Rome, the Sc- 
 nat eniituled and honoured him with the name of King, and eleven years his raign continued. 
 Thenameof thefe Macedonians was very obfcureand bafe, uncillthe daiesof /'/;;//;) the Ton of 
 Amjr.tAi. From that time and by his means it began to grow and wax great : howbeit, contained 
 it was within ihecompafs and precinds of iVro/f, comprehending ail 6V^fCf, and part oiThr.:ce 
 and Ill^ficum. After ward,s it fpread into hfi.z, and in thirteen years fpace, during the raign of ^i- 
 Icxr.nAtr-, it fubdued and brouoht under fubjcAion, firft all thole parts whereunro the empire of 
 the Periians extended, which was an inhnit dominion in circuit : afterwards it reached to Ar^ibih 
 a.nd Indiih^vcn to the endof the earth,boundiDg and confining all about upon the red Tea. At that 
 
 ■B time was the monarchy and name of the Macedoniansthe greatefi in the whole world,bui upon 
 the death of hlex.^.nder, diHrafted it was and divided into many and fundry Kingdoms. And 
 \vhiles each one endeavoured :^: Orove by force to draw unto Ifirn. more and more pniffante, tie/ 
 difmembred and rent the whole: & fofrom thehighefl cop S; pitch of prorperi[y,brought it down 
 to a moll bafe and lovv condition, afcerit had continued in good eftace a hundred and fifty yearsi 
 When the bruit of the Ron'ans vidory was blazed and blownasfaras to Afi,-.-, Antenor who 
 with a fleet of barks and pinnaces rid in the harbour of /'/'■.«*, failed from thence to C^/:r;7^!-f.t. 
 C.PopHirts^v/hovfis in D,/m to guard and waft thofefhips which were bound for M./ce^jw;-, after 
 heheatd fay that the war in M(«rf^o«>' was brought to an end, and the enemies velTels removed ouc 
 oftheit rodejdiimifled alfotor hi;, part the Athenian fhips. intending to go forward in his voiage 
 
 Cfor ty£^ypt, 10 accomplifli that embaflage which he had taken in hand ; to the end that he might 
 encounter A>?''oc-,6/<^,beforc he approached the walls oi A!exa>:dri.i, As thefe Embafladors coaft- 
 cd along the river of ^,'7.?, and were arrived at Lo-qnta (a port fomewhat more than twenty miles 
 dilUnt from Rhod:t, and fituat jul^ over againti the city) the prin ipalStates of iJ/Wf/,met him in 
 the way (for now by this time was the fame ofthis victory flown fofar) requefling him to fet fail 
 thither and there to land : for that it concerned their city much in fame and reputation, yea, and 
 was expedient for their f^ood and fafety,that they fliould be made acquainced v/ith all that eithcE 
 had been done or was now in hand at Rioodes, and lb to make report thereof at Rome upon cheic 
 own knowledge, and not as thing'; were voiced by thecommon bruit. They refufedalongtimCsi' 
 but in the end they were fo importuned, that content they were to fail a litt.ie farther, and fpenct 
 
 j^fcme fmiU time for to gratify and benefit a city aflbciat unco them;VVhen they were come to Rho- 
 des, the fame principal citizens aforefaid urged them inHantly with much prayer and entreaty to 
 come into their general aflembiy of the people. The arrival of thofe Embafladors rather augmen- 
 ted than empairi;d the fear of the city. For Popilifis mxde rehearfal there in open audience, of all 
 which had been done or fpoken ffounding any way to hoflility) either in particular or in general 
 by them, during the late war. And being as he wasja grim fir, tough and fierce by nature,he aggra- 
 vated ::\[ that he fpike.with his four vifage and Iharp language, like an accufer at the bar •• infomuch 
 as they might well conjecture and gueffe,hc w the whole body of the Senate flood affe^ed untof 
 them,by thebitternefs of one only Senator, w ho otherwife for himfelf had no occafion of particn- 
 lar ill will and malice aeiinfl the city. But the fpeech o( Dec:mi:fs was more temperat, who faid, 
 
 pihac the blame of thofe imputations for the mofl part which were objefled by Pcp:li s was not t» 
 be laid upon the peopIe,but upon a few perfons,who had tbllicited and flirred the multitude : for 
 thole havinc^their tongue at hire, and ulingto fpeakforgain, had made decrees full offlattery to 
 pleafe the King, and fent fuchembafl'ages, as theRhodiansatall times were no lefsafhamed than 
 repented of". All which praitifes of theirs no doubt would tall upon their heads who were faulty,' 
 in cafethe people had the government andruleintheirbwn hands. Audience he had with great 
 aflent and applaufe; not more for elevating the fault and trelpafs ot thecommon people, than tor 
 laying the weight upon thole that were the authors culpable. And therefore when the chief men 
 among them madeanfwerto the Romans, their words, who went about toexcufe andfalvein 
 fome fort as well as they could the articles objected by Popilr-^s^ were not fo well taken as their 
 
 , fpeech who accorded to Dccimitis, in delivering the guilty perfons and offenders tobepuniflied 
 according to their demerits. Wherupon there pafled prefently a decree, That all thofe who m'ghc 
 be con'. iAcd of any deed done or word fpoken in favour of Perfeus againll the Romans, fliould be- 
 condemned and have fentcnceto lofe their heads. Some of thefe perfons were departed out of the 
 city upon the coming of the Romans, others laid violent hands upon themle Ives. Thefe Embafla-- 
 dors or delegats having fojourncd no longer than five dales izRhode'-, departed and made fail tor 
 ^lex.i»drni. And notwithflandingtheirabfcnce, theexecution ofjudicialproceeding was nolefs 
 hotly followed at iJ,Wf;.according to the decree made in their prefence. For the moderation and 
 gentle cariage oi Decimi::s was the very caut'e that they perlifled refolute, and gave not over until! 
 they had gone through with it, and difpatchcd all. 
 
 Q Whiles thefe affairsvvere thus managed,. 4 /;fioj/;»/ after he had alTaiedinvain to force the walls 
 ofA/r.v-f '^^^/-/.j.vvis departed t'rom before the city-, Sc having poflcfled himfelf of all JEi^ypt belides, 
 .indleft the elder Pfc/jiwi.'/j at Mcmphu, (for whole behoof he ptetcnded by his own forces to 
 reconquer the Kingdom, to the end that foon at'ter the conquefl obtained , he might fet upon hiin-. 
 likewife) withdrew his army away intoS/r/>. Ptolomans for his part was nothing ignorant of hia 
 dclignment and intention, making full account, that vvhileshekept hisyongetbrother attrii^hted 
 with the feat of fiege by the helpof hisfifler he mi^ht be received into Alexandria: confidering 
 widul, that his brothers friends were not oppofed againfl him, firft he fent uuto hisfifler»- 
 
 aftc?'.
 
 M 
 
 Thefiye and fortieth Boo{of 1 Xivius, 
 
 is called cU 
 vit X-up It, as 
 Onelius no. 
 teth out of 
 Suidas; 
 
 Pbtrmxi, 
 
 > : tribes. 
 
 afterwards to his brother and his friends, and never gave over to write and fend, before he had H 
 concluded and ertablifhed a peace with them. The thing that made him to fufpeft Arttiochtu was 
 • ^!n^j'^f '"" this,for that when he had made over all the reft of* t/£^rpf unto him,he lelt yet a ftrong garifon 
 behind at Peinjium: and well he knew, thatheheldftiilthefrontierTownsas the verykeies of 
 M^yptito the end that he might with an army enter and invade again^whenfoever he would. And 
 thus heconceived of it;that this would be the iffue of theciviland domeftical war between bre- 
 thren, That the vidor wearied with war, fliould not be able to make head againlt ^»/w/;«r, 
 Thefe things wifely forecaft and feen by the elder brother,were received with aflent of the yonget 
 and thofe that were afliftant about him: and the fifter between flood in very good fleadsnot by her 
 good advice and counfel only,but alfo by her effeftual praiers. And therefore by a general accord 
 of all,a peace was concluded, and the ddttPtolomaus received 'ititoyl/exit»dria,vihhovi any gain- I 
 faying or rehftance at all fo much is of the very multitude ; not withftanding that during the war 
 they were much decaied and weakned f not only by the fiege, but alfo after it was raifcd and the 
 army gone from ^/f.v/fWrw) for wane of all things, by reafon that no provifions were brought 
 thither from out of^E^j/jf. Now, whereas ^wf/cc/jwj-fhoiild have taken great contentment and 
 rejoyced much for this, in cafe he had brought his forces into JEaypt for to reftore Pto/omeusimo 
 his own edate (which was the goodly pretence and colourable fhew that he made to all the 
 States of ^fia and Greece^svhen he received their embaffages ,or fent forth his letters into all parts) 
 fo ic fell outjtha t he was lo highly offended and difpleafed hereat,that he went in hand and prepa- 
 red to make war now againft them both much more eagerly and with greater malice than before 
 againft one alone. Prefently he rigged and fent out hisnavy at feaioC^/jr^/jhimfelfinperfonat K 
 the beginning of the fpring minding to invade JEgypt ^maTched forward with his army as far as into 
 Cce/o-Syri.i. The Embafladors of /'fo/ow^^/encountred him in his journey about *iv/jiro^o/«r^, 
 and gave him thanks in behalfof their K. and mafter, for that by his means he h:.d recovered the 
 inheritance of his fathers Kingdom : requefting withal to maintain that benefit and good deed of 
 his, to declare ratherby word of mouth what he would have done, than deal by fword in hand 
 and force of arms, and not of a friend and ally to become a mortal enemy. His anfwer was, tbac 
 he would neither callback his fleet nor withdraw his army upon any condition, unlefs he quit un- 
 to his ufe as well the wholelfleofQfrwjasthe City * Pelnjitim, together with the territory a- 
 boiu the mouth oiNilns, called * Pelufiacttm Oftinm, And therewith he fet him down a day, be- 
 fore which heexpefledto receive his anfwer as touching the accomplifbment ofthefaidcondi- l 
 tions. After the day prefixed for the truce was paff, asthey failed in the mouth of 7\Zi/«jneer Pe- 
 /«/;rt»;ithe (1 ates along the deferts of ^r<i^/,«yeelded. Then,being received of them that inhabite 
 about Memphu,ii-)d the re(f of the ^Egyptians partly with favor and good will. and partly for fear 
 andcondrainc; by fmalljournies he defcended toward Alexandria, When he was p^^ffed over the 
 river at Lcn[ti7s(ji place about 4 miies diftant from Alexa;:drie^)\.\\z Roman Embalfadors met him 
 upon the way. After greetings and fahuations at their fiift coming, he put forth his right hand to 
 fopdius ; but hedelivered unto him a fcroll written,and willed him before he did any thing elfeto 
 read that fcript. After he hadread the writing tbrough.heanfwered that he would devife with his 
 friends and conhder what was beft to be done. But Popilii:} according to his ordinary blunt man- 
 ner of fpeech which he had by nature made a circle about the King with the rod that be had in his 
 hand,and withal, ''Make me an anfwer (qd. hcjiadvifeyou fuch as I may report to the Senate, 
 before you pafs the compafs of this circle. The Kingartoniedst this fo rude and violent a com- 
 mandment after he had flaied and paufed a while : I will be contentfqd.he) to do whatfoever the 
 Senat fliall ordain. Then and not before, /"fip/tow gave the King his hand as to a friend and ally. 
 Afterwards when ^^^^T/Wsr^f was departed out of «^^Tpf by the day prefixed, the faid EmbalT. 
 ordelcgats having by their authority efhbliflied concord alfo between the two brethren (who 
 as yet were not throughly agreed) fome of them failed to Cyprus, and from thence they fent away 
 the fleet of y^w/«r/j.'^j', which already had given an overthrow in battail to the jEgyptianlhips. 
 This was a noble embafl'age and much renowned among thofe nations, for that thereby iE^/pti 
 was undoubtedly taken from Antiochns, who was as good as polTefled thereof already, and the N 
 inheritance of the Kingdom reft ored again to the race of Ptdomens, 
 
 Of the two Confuls that year,like as the one was famous in his place by this notable vi<ftory, fo 
 the other was little or nothing fpokenof, by reafon he had not matter ofany great exploit to be 
 emploied in. Andfirlf ofallwhenhewasaffigned a certain day forthe legions to meet, he entred 
 into the temple without thelucky approbation of theaufpices. And when the Augurs were moved 
 and their advice required therin,they declared, that there was an error committed in the appoint- 
 ment ofthefaid day. In his voiageforFr^»rf he kept his ft anding leaguer for the fummertimea- 
 bout the mountains ^:cirnina and P^p!n»sneeribe plains called * Macrr. And afterwards he win- 
 tred abour the fame places with the allies of the Latine nation. For the Roman legions,becaufe 
 the day was not rightly appointed for the a0embly of the forces at the Rerdes-vous^tVemshed be- q 
 hind Jt Rome. Alfo the Pretors,fave only C.P.ipyr. C<irl>o,\imo whoie lot Sardinia wasfaln,wenc 
 forth into their Provinces: and him the LL. oftheSenate had ordained to attend upon his civill 
 jorifdief ion at Rome betweencitizcns and forrainers. Popilius likewife,that embaflage which was 
 fent to Antioch::s returned to Rome : where he made relation that the controverfies between the 
 two Kings were decided. 5c the army oijintiochtts retired out of iE^;pt into Syria. KUqv this,came 
 
 Thofe of ^»f /Of /;a J made report that the King theic 
 
 maftet 
 
 Mon iron;. 
 
 M 
 
 the Embafl". alfo of the Kings themfelves.
 
 I be five and fortieth Booh^ of T.Livius. ^6j 
 
 fi mafter efleemcd more of the peace approved by theScnat, thancf any vi({:^6ry whatfoev&riand 
 obeied the orders fetdownby the Roman Embafladors, no lels than thevery meflengers comincr 
 with commandments diredtly from the Gods : and finally they teHified their own contencmentl 
 and wifhed them great joy of their vidory obtained paying that the King himfelf vvoul hav e beeiJ 
 with all his power at the atchieving thereof,iD cafe he had been enjoined to pertoriti any fervice. 
 The EmbalTadors oiPtolometis in the name jointly of their King and of C7fo;)^trr<«,rendred thanks 
 unto them.ackno wledging themfelves more bound & beholden to the Senat and peop le oi Rijme- 
 than to their own parents, yea & more than to the immortal Gods;for by theirgood means they 
 Werefirlt delivered from the mofl lamentable miferies of a fiege,and had recovered theirfathers 
 KingdomjWhich they were at the point to have loft forever. The Senat returned this anfwefa'- 
 B gain, That whereas AmiochHt had been ruled by the Embafladors.therin he did well aad as it be- 
 I'eemed himand in fo doing he highly contented and pleafed the Senat and people ol Rome. A- 
 gi\n.^\iTtclor>w.is and Cleop:itra the King and Qtieen oHEgyft, had found any goodnefsand corri^' 
 modicy by them, the Senat was very glad therfore and rejoyced thereat and would endevour andi 
 work it fojthat they might be perfwaded that the greateli afl'urance and fafeguard of their realm 
 refted at all times molt in the faithful protedtion of the people oi Rami. This faid, the Eretor C; 
 P'lpyriHshid in charge to fee that prefents and gifts were fent to thefe Embafladors according to 
 the ancient curtome. Then were letters brought out of Macedony to redouble the joy of the vi- 
 ^^ory, importing that /"fr/^/j was lure enough in the hands of the Conful, ■ . \ ,i :■' } N' ' 
 
 When thofe Embafladors were difmifled and gone, much debate and argument there vvss Be- 
 G tvyeen the Embafladors of the Pifansand Lunenfes. They of A/^ complained that they weredif- 
 feized & driven out of their territory by the Roman coloners : contrary wife.thofe of L.v;7<j plain-' 
 ly averred,that the Land in controverfy had been fee out and afligned for ihcm by the Triumvirsj 
 The Senat hereupon fent five menas commilTuners to make inquihtiob into the limits of the faid 
 territory and to determine accordingly,and thole were Q^.Fabins Bntco^P.C.orneli,fs BUjlo,T.Sc7n~ 
 froniHs MtifcAf L.Navius Balbns^ and C.Ap:il ms Satuminus, There camelikewile a fclemnem"' 
 balTagefent in common from £KWf»t/5/4/fj//.'i,and ^f/i^-iswall three brethren tonotify the joy 
 and contentment which they took for the Romans viilory. Moreover, L.. 'I /.?«//;/; the treafurer 
 was re.idy at PitteoU to receive and welcome M<«/^^^4 the fon oiK.Afaf.imJJ'a^iS he fliouid disbark 
 and fet on land : for lent he was ofpurpofe with money to meet him upon the way, tocondiJdl 
 £) him alio and bring him to Rome it the cities charges.He was no foonercome,but immediatly au- 
 dience WAS given him in the Senat. "This yong Prince Ipake in fuch fort, as the things whiuh of- 
 ''themfelves were acceptable enough indeed, he graced and made mofe v"7orthy of acceptance b'^ 
 '* his good words. He rehearfed what forces of foot and horfebotn. iiow many Elephants, what' 
 "^ quantity ofcorn for that four years fpace (during the war) his father had lent over into M.ics- 
 ^'^ dony .Y>\it two things there werefor whith he wasdifmaied andcould notchufebut blufli: the 
 "one,that the Senat by their Embaff. had made requeft unto him,and not commanded rather to' 
 " furnifh them with neceffaries forthe war : the other, that they had lent therrtmonv to p;iy for 
 "their corn. For yl/<ip«//.« was not forgetful, but bare well in mind, that he held hi^ Kinedomas 
 . " firfl conquered for him,afterwards augmented and amplified many waies onto him i^y ihepeo- 
 £'• pleofiRowf: and for his own part he could content himfelfwiththeufeand occupation therofj 
 " as a tenant in fec-farm;acknowledging thepropriety and poffeflion thereof to be in them who 
 ''as Lords of the fee feoffed him therein. Good reafon therefore and meet it was that theyalfo 
 '' fliould be bold with their own, to take and not to ask,to have and not to crave, much .eK then ' 
 '• to buy the commodities & fruits ifliiingout of the lands by them demifed given &gr,inred. As 
 *' for Mafaniffa fufficed he was,and evermore would reft contented with that overplus whi: h the 
 '■ people oi Rome might leave and fpare for him. Thus much ^qd.he)! had in charge and tomm'if- 
 "fioDfrom my fathers own mouth, when I departed and tookmy leave of him: but afterwards ' 
 '' certain horfmen riding poft overtook me,toletmeunderftand that M.^cedony wasfubduedjand' 
 '' cochargeme,that after I had fignified our joy in your behalf I fhoukl rtiew unco the Senat,thar 
 F "my father took fuch contentment thcrin, that he would gladly comtio Romero clTerfacriHce 
 " and render thanks to lup.opt.Max.'in the Capitol : v/hich to do he requeued leave of the Senat, 
 " To It might ftand with theirgood liking,and be no trouble unto them. The Prin. e received this 
 '^ ani wer from the Senat That his father M.iiJ.inifia did as befeemed a good man and thankfo! per- 
 *' fortfo to do,in giving fuch a grace and honor over & ibove, to benefit ofduty required. More-;' 
 '^ over,that the people diRome acknowledged how they had received great help at his h ards in the 
 ''Punickwarby his valiant and loialfervice, as wellas he obtained his Kingdom through thefa- 
 "vour of the people of/?!;w<",yea,and afterwards according to equity and juHice had bom himfelf' 
 " right worthily in all forts of devoirs and duties during the wars of three Kings one after ano= 
 " tlier. Neither was it any marvel at all that herejoicedat the vidoryof the people oiRome^t-' 
 O " ing» Kihg who had engaged ,ha7arded and entangled all his own foriunes and the whole eftate 
 "of his Kingdom with the Roman affairs. As for rendring thanks to tbe Gods forthe viflory of 
 *' the people o'iRome\cx him do that himfelf in his own hou!'cathorrie;forit fliould 'uffice.that: 
 "his [on for him performed that duty at i?ow.?. That he and his father both had fviffi-ientlyfor ' 
 *' their parts tcftified their joy. As for KLip»'//</ in proper perfon to leave his realm and depart ore 
 *'.of -^frick^ over and befides that it was in no wife profitable to himlelf, the Senate deemed it 
 " obt exptdien: for the weal-publick of the peoole of Rome. M^fjat'a fanher-more rectiened,'-
 
 cxcanc, 
 
 _^_ _ _._ , , ___^ — I ■ — - - — 
 
 ""068^ 'i be five andfortietb Boo\ o/T.Livius, 
 
 that Han^o ihe fon ot Amilcar fhould be lent hoftage in place ot' another Carthaginian (whofeH 
 name is no t known; j but the Senat anfwered,That they thought it not meet to demand hoflages 
 at the pleal'ore of Map.mfa. The treafurer was commanded by order from the Senat, to buy cer- 
 tain prefents for to beliow upon this yong Prince, namely ,as much plate as might aiife out of an 
 100 pound weight of lilver : alfo to accompany him as far as Puteoii ; to defray all his charges du- 
 ring his abode v\i[hin /frf/>;andto hiretwofliipsfor to tranfport andcondndl; him & his prince- 
 ly train into Jfrii\.loz\\ his retinue as well bond as free.there was allowaoie made ot apparel. 
 Not long after, were letters brought as concerning Ahfagenes the fecond fon ot AUfaKijfa\ who 
 alter that Fnidiis had vaiiquifhed Perfcus, was lent home by the laid Patdm into Afnck^vjiih his 
 Ca\a'ryj but as hefailed, was drii en (hck as he was^ upon ^r«W»/?«w with three lliips only, 
 for that thereR of the fleet was difperfed in the Adriatic k Sea.5'fi'm«/«Jthetreafurer was lent to I 
 him .u BrH-idnflun]', with the like gi fts as were beftowed upon his brother at Roms-, and a charge 
 toleeto his lodging. ' « * ^ " , * 
 
 By vemieof anadl granted out of the Senat, theLibertinsL/.the fons of freed men] were enrol- 
 led intotlietoiirtnbesoftheCity, all favethofe whohad a fon above five years old ; withex- 
 prefscommandmeiit/rhat when they were to be enrolled at the review next enfuing their goods 
 aifo Hiouidbe valued, and they aaordmglyentred into the fubfidy books ;namely,Thatas many 
 ofthem aspollcfled any manor or manors in the countrey, elkemed better worth than 30000 
 Seflerces, fliould be enrolled and afiefled. This ordinan^ e being thus obferved,C/<?//(^'ai denied 
 « T'/i'.!)jthrc- flatly, that the Cenfor had authority to * take from any particular perfon, and muchlefs ;rcm a 
 i,..-:t 10 tbmc ' whole date ai'id degree ol men, the right and liberty ot fuftrages, without the warrant and ordi- K 
 v\-\c; »ft> nance of the people :for fay, that he haie power to cais a m.anouc of his tribe, (which is nothing 
 whiehunot eli'e but tocommand him todianfcehis tribe^ it followeth not then, that hemay difpoffefs and 
 dirpla(.eliimc>ijcofailthc 35 tribts, which is as much as to (tiikehim cut of the numbbtf-ofiiti- 
 zcn?, and deprive him quite ot his freedom and burgeofVie : and is not (I fay) to limif*od fee 
 down in what rank he fliall be enrolled, but to exclude him full and wholly out of all enrolment. 
 This difpiite and debate paffed between them ; untill at lalUhey grewto tliispoint,that of the 
 four Ciiy tribes, they At ouldcaH lots openly in the HaLindCloitter of L;^fr?/Mfbronetribe, in 
 whhh all they fliould beregiflred andcomprifcd, who bad been viikins fometimesand wereen- 
 fr.in. hifec*-. Now this lot fell to the tribe Exc^udttnca. Then Tih.Gracehus pronounced, That or- 
 'd.-.ircfi it vvastocnrolinitall ti:e Llbeitins Great honour and reputation with the Senat gained I, 
 the Cenlors by tbis ail: Scwf-opiits likewife wan much thanks therefore. becaufe he had perfified 
 cpnliantly in that good oiterprife fo well commented : and C/»i«^;«j went not without his due 
 thank, for that he was no hindrance to this proceeding. In this review andfurvey taken by the 
 Ctnl'or:, moreScnatorswereremocedandput out of the councel, yea, and more Gentlemen 
 ccmmanccd to fell their horfes of fervice, than by other Cenlors in tormer time. Andallthofe 
 by both cfihemjoyntly were not only difplaced out of their tribes, and made nobetter than 
 E.r.'.rii {i. to lofe their voice) but alfo to pay all taxes whatfoever to the utmoft. And look who 
 was noted and difgraced by the one, had noreliefnor hope to recoverhis credit and placeby the 
 cthfr. Now vvhcnthefe Cenfors demanded, That according to a cull ome and order,ihey might 
 be allowed a ycar>lpace and two monihsjco look into the reparations ofthepublickedifices,that M 
 ihcy were tr.aintaired wind-tight and water-tight; as alfo to fee whether they who had under- 
 takento hnifh certain works ata price, had periormed their bargain accordingly: Cn. TremelliHs 
 a Triliuneinieipoied himfeif and denied this demand, for anger that he was not chofen and taken 
 into the Senat. The lame year C.C ccreins dedicated a chappel in the Albane mountjWhich he had 
 vowed five years before. Alfoth.it year was L. Poflhumtus >4/^;»«^ enffalleda Flamineof yW^rx. 
 The Confuls .f^. K^inn and M. "jriniv.i propounded in the Senate, as touching thegovernment of 
 ibeir Trovirccs: and the LL. ordained, 1 hat 6';>^/«fliould be divided again into two Provinces, 
 which had been united in one during the Macedonian war: alio that the fame L. P«7«//« and i, 
 A-'iicifS fliould dctetvd and keep in obedience as before, M.-ccdony and Illyricum^ until fuch time 
 fls thev by the advi; e of cert.iin deputed commiirioners, had both compofcd all matters and at- jq 
 f irs difordercd and troubled by the wars; and alfo reformed the ellate of that realm, by indu- 
 cing it into a new form. The Frovin.es alTigned unto the Confuls were P:f<i and Ga: /, and they 
 had the command of two legions of footmen, and four hundred liorfemen apeece. The Prerors 
 hnd their lots torgovern:i ent as followeth: ihe civil jurifdidlion over citizens fell to^.C^^«^> 
 and o I cr (irangcrs to &1, Jnveficms Tr.lv.i : 7 tb. Claudius Nero was L. deputy of Sicily. C». Pttl- 
 "Jius of the hither S;)-?/>, and C. Ltcinhn Nerva of the farther : lafl of ail, y/'. Manlius Toramtut 
 was appointed to the government o^Sardnm \ butJnto his province he could not go, by occafi- 
 on thut he was detained at home by venue of an ad of the Senat, to makeinquiliiion into cer- 
 tain fcllcnicns and capitalc rimes. After this, confultation there was in the Senat as touching the 
 prndis;ies which were reported. The chappel of the/* f^^rer (protestors oftheCityJ in ff/w was q 
 fmittenwith tl.undcr.ind lightning. Alfo in the Town vl//wrt^/;/»>,two gatesand a good part 
 ofthe wallfek the likeharm. At ^'«;^^«/V!it hadrained earth, and in L.;««w«w there appearedin 
 the skie a burning fljme. Moreover, Ad.V.derins a citizen of Eome^ixz knowledge, that in Ca- 
 l.itid wiibinthc publiik territory of that City, forthefpaceof three dayes and two nights toge- 
 ther, blood guflicd on^ in his chimney hearth where he kept fire: and for this flrange fight above 
 allt'erefi; the Dc.emvirs were commanded to have rccourfe unto the books of i';^y/<»-* who 
 
 pro-
 
 The five andf)rtietb BO0I1 of TXivius. 
 
 A proclaimed a publick fupplicatipn of the people for oneday, and facrificed fifty goats in the com- 
 mon market place of the City, Alfo in regard of the other prodigies, a fupplication vvas fioldec 
 another day, and men did theirdevotions atevery altar of the Gods; greater bealfs were killed 
 for facrlficcs,and the City was folemnly deanfed and purged. This done.as touchin" the honor ci' 
 the immortal Gods;the Senat ordained, that torafmach as the two Kings Pe-ftu! Si Gcfitifu their 
 enemies were overcome, and now at the devotion of the people of A'owe, together with Mace- 
 doftj and IllyricumtQjCuUlM and M.Jnve»ttus the Pretors (hould give order for as great oblati- 
 ons to be oftred unto the Gods at every flirine and altar,as had been heretofore (when ^pp.ciau' 
 dttu and At .Sempronim were Conl'uls^ for the defeat of King Antwchu^<^'i\tx\ they ordained cecr 
 tain delegats,bywhofe advice L.PahIm andI..//«/o»« the tvvo Generals, might fet all affairs i« 
 g order jnamely,ten into M action) -iVaA fiveinto Uljricum. For Macedony were nominated A.PoJly 
 humitu LufcHi and celandine, (who both had been Cenfors) C .Liar, lu Cr^|/w,lacecompanicr} 
 to Piiultu in the Ccnfulfhip, and who at that prefeut had the government ofC^/^r/continued 
 him. To thefe delegats above-named, men of Coolular dignity all by their calling, were adjoineci 
 in COmmilTion C«.Dtf«i;V/«< JE'iol'^irl^M^Ser.Cornelnn Sylla, L.Jhuius, C.A^tiftiw Labeo^T,Nu- 
 mifius Tar/juinienfis^snd Aulfu Terer.tiM Varro. For Itlyrkum were thefe x\\m.zA^P.E.I.,iu Li^m^ 
 one that had beenConfal, C.Cicereitu and Cn. Babifu T-imphii>a i this B<fJj:tu had been Pre:p£ 
 • ' but the former year, and Ckereita many years pall) P, Tercyitmi: Tufcivica-tut , and P. MukUims; 
 Then the Confuls being advertifed by the LL. ot the Senat, that (forafmuth asoneofthemmull- 
 fucceed C.LicintHi in G'rf«/, who was nominated one ol the delegats) they fliou'd pare their Pro- 
 evinces between them either by accord and agreement, or by lot make choice of the fortune oh 
 lottery. So /'//.e fell to MJjtmins (but before he. went into his province,he had in charge tobring-. 
 into the Senat, thofe embalTies which from all parts were come to Romeiox to declare their joy in 
 the behalf of the people of /^dwfj and (7W to i^.£/f«/. ,1 , , 
 
 Albeit fuch perfonages were fent, as by whofe fage cbunfel good hope there was, that the chief 
 commanders of the Roman armies would pafs no decree unbefeemingeither the clemency oc 
 Wajelly ofthe people of ^owr, yet debated it was in the Senat about the fum and principal points 
 of all their coun.els and deligns ; to the end that the faid Legats might cary unto the Generals all 
 things plotted already and begun to their hands at home in the City. In the firft place ordained it? 
 vvas^That the Macedonians and Illyrians. remain free and enjoy their liberties, that all nations 06 
 D the e.irth might lee, that the drift of theRoman armies and forces was not : o bring free ftates in* 
 to fervitude, but contrary wife t;o reduce thofe that weie in bondage to liberty, to the end thao 
 thofe nations which now enjoied freedom, might be fecured under their fafeguard and prote<5lioD' 
 both offurety and of perpetuity, and fuch as lived in fubjeftion under the Kings-, might both foe 
 the prefent time find their government more mild and righteous, for that refpeft which the Kings 
 have of the people of ^^owt-; and alfo,if it fortuned hereafter^that there fhould be war between the 
 people oiRome and their Kings, they might be affured that the iffue of thofe wars would bring' 
 victory to the Romins,and procure liberty to themfelves, Alfo agreed it was that there fhould b§ 
 no more farming out of the metal mines in Maccdony^ albeit they yeelded a greas revenue ; no£ 
 yet of publick lands and poffelfions inthecouhtrey : forpolTibleit was not that thefe matters 
 E fhould be praitifed and followed without publicans; and where thofe intermeddle Sc have ought 
 to do,thcn it muft needs follow, that either the publick right and prerogative of the State be an-, 
 nulled,or the liberty of allies come to noihing.Neither were the Macedonians themfelves able to; 
 exercifethc fame: for look where the minilters and managersof any thing fee a booty prelented 
 before their eyes, there, occafions of fedition and contention will never be wanting, Moreovery 
 concluded it was, that there fliould be no common and general counlel of the whole nation, foc 
 fear le(i at any time the lewd vulgar people having by the Senat liberty granted unto them tending. 
 Unto a good and wholfome moderation and equality of the State, fliould abufe the fame and draw 
 it to a mifchievous and peftilent licentioufnefs. But they thought it good policy to divide M.ice~> 
 <io«x into four quarters and counties- that each one might ha\e their feveralcounfel? likewiTeio 
 F was fuppofed to (land with good reafon and equity, that they fhould pay the one moity of tha& 
 tribute which they were wont to yeeld unto their KK. Semblable commilFionand like direfticns 
 ihey had for lUyncHm. As 'or all other matters,referred they were to ihedifcretion of the Gece- 
 rals and the Delegat commi{Tioners,who mightbe better able to determine more certainly of para 
 liculars, according to the occurrents prefented unto them in the m.inaging of their affairs. 
 
 Among many and fundry Embaffadors of Kings, nations, and (htcs, Axtdut the brother of K!, 
 Eumey.es molt of all others amufed mens minds, and drew thel r eyes upon him : for by them V-f ho 
 had born arms together with himin that war, welcomed he was much more heaE!ily,andrecei-' 
 ved with greater courtefy than \\Enmenes the K. himfelt had come.Two occafion!; there were out'?, 
 wardly pretended, and thofe carrying a good fliew of honelly and credit, whichbroughchimto 
 G Rome: the one,a gratulation or telfimony of joy (as meet it v/as) for that viftory,wherin himfelt 
 lent his helping hand ;the orher,acomplaintof French inmultuous wars and the bloody hoUility 
 of j4dvorta their King, by which means his brothers Kingdom was in great jeopardy. But there 
 lay anothetthing hidden underneath .namely.an inward and fecret hope that heconceived of ho- 
 nors and rewards from the Senat.which hardly he could feem to aim & reach ufltOjwithout lomc 
 unkindnefs and violence offered to brotherly duty and affection. For fome the:e were eaen at. 
 the Romans alfojwho did him no good,but gave him badcounfel,dievy on his appetite withfai: 
 
 hope?:,
 
 ^-Q J he five and fortieth Boof^ of T.Livius. 
 
 hopes, and fet him a longirg, feeding him with thefe and fuch like cooceics , that m Rome th i s H 
 was the opinion entertained oi Attains and Eumenes-, as if the one of them were a friiend faft and 
 fure to the Romans ; the other an ally, found and faithful neither to the Romans nor yet to Per- 
 (eHs: and therefore hard it were to fet down and fay , Whether of the twain would be more eafily 
 obtained at theScnats hands,n amelyja fuit made in his own name for his preferment,or a demand 
 of fome hard coutfe againlt his brother fobent were all men in geoeral to grant any thing to u4t- 
 r.i/«i,and to deny every thing to Eumenes. Attains fas the fequel and proof fhewed) was pliant 
 to thofe perfons whofe defires reach at all that hopepromifeth, had not the fage admonition of 
 otie friend come bet\?veeDto bridle his affeftions, ravifhedand tranfportedfoasthey were with 
 the amiable afpe(5t and fawning flattery of his own good fortune. He had about him at that time 
 oDsStratima. Phyfician,fentby £«wf»ei(whoreftcdnot fecureol his brothers loyalty jto^j?;?^, t 
 ofpurpo'efortolieinefpialandobferveallthat yf;f<«/;//did:and loadvifehim faithfully ,if be fa w 
 him tread awry and pra(^ife ought againft his duty and allegeance. When he came unto himle 
 found his ears already pofl'eficd.ancl his fpitittempted and folfKited betotehahd : howbelt takinc; 
 his times and waiting cpportiinities,he went roundly to work and (lUck to it clofe .until be had 
 fet all up again which was at the point to run on end and fall to the ground. He alledged and laid 
 thefe remonflrances before his eyes, faying, " That Kingdoms have grown mighty, tome by one 
 
 * means fome by others : but as for iheirs,being but newly ere(Sed,& grounded upon no I rength 
 *'ofancicrtloundations,itfiood upright only by ihemutualconcord ofhihiand his brethren in 
 ^ that one otthem beareth the name and title of King,weating the diadem and rown ?lonc upon 
 
 *■ his head,but in effeil all three brethren be KK. A«for you AtialM(qd.he)vjho aietHeeldeft K 
 "brother fa- eone,who is it that repiueth youforlefsthanaKing< not only for that he feeth you 
 ' fomishtyatthisprerentsbut alfo the next heir app?rant, and without all doubt like fh only to 
 «' reion indeed? conr.dering the feeble body audcrafy age of £«»«e«ift,who bath befides nolHueof 
 "children tofucceed him in the roial thronef'(for as yet betook nokriovvledgofbimthat reign- 
 " ed afterwards.) What need then is there to ufe violencejand to force that which oi its one ac- 
 *' cord will fliortly be devolved upon you & fall into your handsfMoreover a new temped and 
 "flormisrilen of French wars, threarning peril unto the realm, which it wi'l be hard for yon 
 '• Princes to withlf ard^agree as well as you cah in all brotherly love unity and concord . But if to 
 
 * forran war abroad, theicfhouldari eadomeflical and civil diflention between you at home, 
 
 *' what remedy thenhut utter ruin and deflru£lion?Neitherfhallyou(-^fM/«Opurchafe any good L 
 *' but thif,firrt to prevent that your brother be not King, and then to difable and difappoint your 
 *• felf ofthat neer and affnted hope you have to be K, But fay, that to preferve a Kingdom tor a 
 *■ brother, and to wreft a Kingdom fromabfother, were honorable and glorious deeds both the 
 " one and the other;yet furely.of the twain,to have faved a Kingdom deferveth greater commcn- 
 *' d -tion and praife,in that it forteth fowell with piety and kindnefs. And certainly. fecingthe o- 
 *'■ ther is a cuffed and dereftable part even next neighbot to parricide; what fauple and doubt re- 
 '' maineth now which needeth any farther deliberation?For tell me,I befeech you is it one parcel 
 *' of the Kin^^dom that you reach at,orfhoot you at the whole? If you aim at apart only,then 
 *'upon the difmembrirganddiflraftion ofyourpoiflance, you fliallbeboth twain much weak- 
 *'ned and expofed to the danger ofall injuries: if you would have all, what fball become of your M 
 "brotherrWould yon wifh him being yourelder)tolJvea privat perfonPorfo far flept in years as 
 « he is,a banifhcd man;and n3mely,with thofe infirmities of body which he cartieth about him? 
 "orwculd you command to take his life away and rid him out of this world at oncerNow truly 
 *Vtofay nothing of the unhappy and miferab'eiffueoffuchgracelefssnd wicked brethren delive- 
 ^reduntousinfainedfablesjyou fee what a goodly fair end Perfut is come unto, who being in 
 *^ the Temple of S<jwor/;rrfc/^ was conftrained lying proHrat upon the grounJ.to proftrate himielf 
 *' at the feetof the enemy his corqucror,thecrownanddiadem which he came unjufily by-even 
 *■ with 'he unnatural murder of his own brother: as if the Gods in heaven had been there prefenr, 
 *' to require due punifhmentfor his horrible fa (i>. To conclude, they alfo themfelves, who in no 
 <' friend y love and affcdlionto you, but inrancorand hatred to your brother £»wf«/,havept!tt4 
 ''thefe dellpns into your head, and prick you oti to execute the f<ime;even they, I fay,will praife 
 * your kindnefs,your piety mdconftajicy, in cafe you perfevertrueand trndy to your brother, to 
 *' the very end.Thefe and fuch like important perfwafions prevailed with .-Attains and fetled deep- 
 ly in his mind. Therefore being admitted into theSenat, after he had wiflied joy unto them. and 
 protededhis own for the late viftory, belaid abroad aud declared his own demerit sand ;^ood 
 ferviteinth.u war, the favors alfo (fuch as they werejdoueby his brother, and laH of all, the re- 
 voltoftheGauls lately broken out with great troubles and commotions. Hi petition tothe Se- 
 ratewas, for to fend their Embaffadors unto them- by whofe countenance and authority they 
 might be ieclaimcd,and fo lay arms afde. Having declared thi.'' mefl'age which < oncerned the pro- 
 fit in general of the realm; hemadea fpecial fuit for himfelf, and demanded to have ^w/ and q 
 M.'.roneA givenunto him. And thu<r,when be had put tb«m befides their hopcwho thought veri- 
 Ty ,that after he had accued his brother he would have required the kingdom to be divided peece- 
 meal & difmcmbred.he departed out of the Councel houfe. Seldom had been known at any time 
 before any man whatfoever,King orfubjeil to have had the like audience with fo great favour 
 endapplsnfe of all men, as he: received and entertained he was right honourably with gifts &pre- 
 fcnts of all forts whiles he was at Romefit^di with the like they accompanied hirtj at his departure. 
 
 Among
 
 J be five and fortieth BoQl\^ofTXAvm%^ q-ji 
 
 A Atnongmany Embaflies of Afia and Greece^tht Rhodian Embafladors were molt marked and 
 looked upon throughout all the City: for whereas at firU they were all trim and goodly to be (ccn 
 in their white and bright apparel, as decent it was tor them that would feemto^congratuljie tor 
 the viftory (for if they had wornblack or been poorly arraicd, i: might have been conflnicd ,thar 
 they mootnedtor the misfortune and calamity of Perfius) after that M, J„>„hs ih<: Conuil brake 
 with the LL. of the Senat (and all that while the laid EmbalVadcrs Hood without in the common 
 place C(»w;>;«w) to coni-der and advife,whethcr they would allow lodging,prefenrs and gi-.eaii- 
 dience in the Senat unto them: they refoUed and were of opinion to obicne no ri-^htsnot cn- 
 ftomes of hofpitality with them. Then went the Conful out of theSenat : unto whom when the 
 Rhodians faid that they were come to rejoyce in their behalf lor the late v iitory, and withsl i6 
 B anfwer in the name of their City to certain crimes wherewith they were charged reqoedino ihat 
 chey might fpeak before the Senat and be heard vMth indifference: the Conlnlpronount ed aloud 
 unto them. That the cuHome indeed of the Romans was,to entreat their allies and friends ^raci- 
 oufly, and among other matters of courtefy and hofpitality whidi they slforded untothem, to 
 grant them alfo a day of hearing in the Senat.but the Rhodians had not demeaned thcmieK cs du- 
 ring the waTjin fuch fort,as to be reckoned in the number ot lovers and afloiiats-. a: theiicann" 
 of thcfe words they caft themfelves all proHrat on the ground,befeeching the Conl'ul and all thole 
 ihat were prefentnot to fuffer that talfeimputations of late furmilcd Oiould againlf « i realon pre- 
 judice the Rhodians more, than theirgood defcrts of old (whereof thcmieUes were fufii liene 
 • wiineffes)ftand them in Head. And prefently after they had put on^lmp:e3pparehndmournin'.' 
 C weedsjthey went about from houfe to houfe vifning the principal perfons of the City,humbiy be^ 
 feechingthem with tears, to hear their caule before they were condemned. Ai, jitVi>:ciM 1 ahd 
 the Pretor or L.chiefjuftice for the pleas bet ween citizens and (irangers,was the only agent tha: 
 provoked and incited the people againft the Rhodians : nay, he had promulgedandpublii'hed a 
 bill to this effeft,! hat war might be denounced a,^ainit the Rhodians; ali'o/that out of theMa- 
 gilkats tor that year they would make choice of fome one to be lent as Admiral with a llect for 
 the managing of that war: hoping that himfelf lliouldbe the man. But this adicnand procee- 
 ding of his was croffed by M.AntoHtusirxi Ai, Pompnms^ twoTribuns of thecommons. Oier 
 and befides, thePretor, tofay atruth, had broached this matterafter a new and Hrangefafliion,^ 
 and to the evil example offuturetimes,in that he preferred a hi II unto the people of his own head 
 D alone,without asking the advice of the Senat, ormaking the Confuls acquainted therewith: and 
 that inthis manner and form, Pleafeth it you, and is it your will that war be proclaimed againlt 
 the Rhodians ? whereas alwaies before-time, in queHion of w3r,tbe Senats ad; ice was f.rlt taken; 
 and then the thing was propofed unto the people. Likewile the Tribuns o' the commons for their' 
 part-did more than they might,and athing not warrantable by any precedent. For it was a cuftom 
 and tradition obfervcd everof old, that no perfon (hould interpofe his i:egative to crofs'any bill, 
 before that privat men in particular had their tourfe and turn granted, both to perlwade ordif- 
 fwadethe fame .'by which means many a time it fell ouc,that even they who never proleded nor 
 meant to oppofe themfelves, being moved and iiiduced by the realons of thole that Hood up to 
 diffwade, and perceiving alfo by them the inconveniences of fuch a bill, would Hep between and 
 E dalhall: ye3,and contrary wife fuch as camcofpurpofe to crofs and nip the fame. being convinced 
 by the authority and born down by the important arguments allcdged by tbofe that enfored the 
 faidbill, would defift and furceafe. Thus thcPretorsand rribuns Hrovemuch v/ho lliouiddo 
 every thing more unfeafonably than others. The Tribuns impeached andHald thehaliines of the 
 Pretor, interpofing their negative before the time. and defeiring the matter until! the cominc of ' '' '>'■''" 
 the L.General. * ■ ^ * ,^ _ * , * "Whether wc have" the br.^;4^ , 
 
 " tranfgrefled and offended yea, or no, that yet remaineth doubttui: but lure we arc of this, that lingof this ' 
 "we fuffer all punifhmcnts and fhameful ignominies already that can be devifed. Heretofore, C)f»'';"J""he; 
 "when the Carthaginiani were vanquiflvcd, when Phdip, when Amiochns was overthrown, we ^^,''°t'j"!,'V* 
 " came to iJowf : from our publkk lodging provided for us at the charges of theCity,wepreren- Snutis'o.'^'^ 
 F " ted our felves(my LL.)into your Councel houfe,to teHity onr great contentment toryourcon- 
 "quelts: from the Councel-houfe we went direcf^lytothe capitol, carrying with us prcfents "nd 
 " oblations to the honor of your gods. But now we the fame Rhodians are come unto your Senac 
 " clothed inthis poor habit and array, as you fee, from out ofabafehoHelry and common inne,' 
 *' where hardly we could have lodging for our money ; beingcommanded in manner of enemies' 
 "tomakcourabode without the City walls: weRhodians(l fayj whom bin 1 ire v ye fe^ffed 
 " with t he grant oft woProvinces,LT«'« andC^ri-jand whom ye graced with a' 1 kind of honors, 
 *' and enriched with all manner of gifts and rewards. You ordain as we hear fay. that theMacedo-' 
 •^nians and Illyrians Piould live free, notwiihHanding they werein fcrvimdehe^V re they levied 
 " war againH you. Neither fpeak we this in envy Jc repine for any mans welfare and good eHatc; 
 G" nay.weacknowledg therein the rare clemency ofihe people of /c«wif: ) and will ye then make 
 "the Rhodians offriendsvenemies,w ho during this wardidnomnrebutlir and meddle with nei- 
 '* therpart? Now fnrely yeRomansareihe men that pretend and give out ordinarily, that your 
 " wars bavegood foccefs and fpeed well.becaufe they be juH and righteous; neitherdo yon glory 
 "fomuch in the event and iffue thereof,whereby ye' a re revengers and conquerors,3s for the be- 
 " ginning and firlt enterprifes.in that ye undertake them not without good caufe. Thebefieeing ' 
 ^^ oi Me^UKa'xn SiciLfh'j theCarthaginianSj w.isthecatiie that the people oi Rcrnc reputed thtrfri • 
 . ■■ ■ Oo ''enerujes.
 
 o ; 2 Thefiye and fortieth Boo{of T.hiv'ms, 
 
 "enemies.Theaffailirg of Jthem hyPhiltp):i\s intent and purpofe to bring Greece into fervitude, K 
 **• his rehev'woi y^»»il^^l with men andmoney, caufed himlikewife to be holden for their ene- 
 " my .Thus ^wf/o(r/;«/ brought upon his own head the Ac-w^j^ war, for that he being foUicited 
 <* by the ^,tolians your enemies came willingly out of ^y;<?,and with a fleet failed over to Greece^ 
 *' and when he had feized upon DsmetrinsyClmlcis-, and the lireighcs of T/;frwo/);/rf!jWent about 
 "todirpofl'ersyouoftheempire.Andlaftofall, Perjeushy levying arms againli your allies, by 
 "killin" fome of their petty kirgs and princes, by murdering other chief perlons offundry nati- 
 " ons and cities, gave you juli os-calion to make war upon him. But what colourable caufe can 
 " there l-e pretended of our calamity, if needs we mull mil'cirry and perifli ? All this while I 
 *' make no difference between out cities cafe and that of Polj/cmtus and Dio>i our citizens, even 
 *' thofe perfons whom we have brought to deliver into your hand. For fuppofc that the caufe i 
 <'• were all one, and that we Rhodians were all faulty and culpable alike,what might that crime be 
 "for which we are touched in this war ? VVefavourcd P^ryirw and that fide (you will fay ^ and 
 "•like as in the war of Antiochns and Phtlip^v/t flood with youagainR thofe kings, fonow we 
 <' trtok part with the K.agaitili you.VVas that all ? well, In what fort we are wont to aid our affo- 
 <<ciat;. and how lullily toenterprife war?, dobut ask o( C.LivipiS andZ/. Rmjlitis Re^iUus-, the 
 "^ AdmirjU of your fleets in y^/zi-Yourfliips revet fought at fea without usJyet we with our Ar- 
 '< mado alone fonoht a battail once before 5. ww.and a lecond time in Pamphylia againft General 
 " -^w;i./rt -whiLh vid^ory there atchieved was unto us by fo much more honorable and glorious> 
 "for that aSter we had in anunfortunatfght neer 5<«ww,loH mjny ot our fhips& the very choife 
 '•and floiir of our youth, we nothing terrified and difmaied with fo great an overthrow,dur(t turn j^ 
 <' a-^.iin to mal<ehead,ye3, and werefo hardy as to encounter the Kings roialnavy coming out of 
 <■'■ Syria, And sllthis have 1 related not by way ofboali &to glorify our felvesCfor we arenotnov* 
 " incafeto Hand upon thofe terms)bnt to gice youatalt by the way and put you inmindjnwhat 
 " maner the Rhodians have ufed evermoie tofuccourtheirconfederats.And for the better proof 
 " therof,afierihe defeat,of f/j;/;/? and Antiochtu we received at your hands right great rewards 
 * Zc ecompence for ourlervice.Incafe thefortuneof/'f/-/<r»«hadbeenfoh'appy asyoursis atthis 
 *• prcfent(praifed be the Gods for their grace and goodnes & thanked be your own valour withal) 
 '< and we h?d come into Macedony to the Kingupon his viiSlory to require Zi. demand rewards, 
 " what con'd we alledge therforePMight we fay that he had bin maintained by our monyjorrelie- 
 " red with our cornPwith land foices.orflrength at fea? Was there any place by us kept and heldx 
 «\vith a garrifonfor his ufePwere we able to tell where we fought,either under the conduft of his 
 ''Captains or upon nur own leading and direction ? If haply he fhonld demand in what quarters 
 t- our fooldierskeptPin whatcoart ourfhipslay in guard lor his defence,what could weanfwer? 
 " Pcradvcmnre we might plead our caufe & excufe our felves in the prefence of him,fuppofed con- 
 •' qi)eror,lil'c as we no w do before you here in place. For by fending our Embafladors to and fro 
 <■'■ iintn you as well as to him about a treaty ofpeace.thisis allthegood we havegot,that inftead 
 " ofwirningthe love & favor ofbothparts.we incurthe heavy dilpleafure of the one; being thus 
 "changed with crimes and wrapped in dangers. And yet my good LL.and honorable Senators of 
 " Rome. Per few might truly obiet\ that to us^wbich you in no wife can.namely- that we in thebe- 
 < ginninp otthe war fent Embaffadours to you making promife in our name of whatfoever was j^- 
 *f needb'l thereunto: alfo that we would be readyat allaffaies tofutnifliyou withfliipsflrongly ** 
 *• ri,;e<fci and with our youth well appointed, like as in the wars afortime.Thatweperformed not 
 t tliefepromifcs of ours,you only were the let and hindrance,whoCwhatfoever the caufe was) 
 *'• refnfed our oft red fervice & rejeftcd al our fuccours.Wcl then neither have we attempted ought 
 t.- as cremenies,nor failed in the duty ofgocd friends and allies: butimpeached have webeenby 
 I'yotifor effedin;: that which we intended. How now? may fome man fay;Hath there been no- 
 <' thing done or faid inyour City fO ye Rhodians j that you wifhunfaid or undone, & whereat 
 4<thepeoo!eof/?owf may juftly take exceptions and be oft^ended with youforit ? Undertaketa 
 c- jiifiify and make good whatfoever hath been donc,I will not,neither have I fo little wit Itroj 
 ^<- but fever I will ihepnbli.k caiife ofthe whole Hate from the privat offences committed by par- kj 
 p'tiiular perfons : for no City is there under the fun,butmayotherwhilps havclewd and naughty 
 ^.'citivens fome or other andevermorea rude and fottifli multitude. 1 have heard fay,ih'!teven 
 ^* amongft you here at RomeSomz have foiiglit to advance and fet tbemfelves aloft by currying fa- 
 vor and flittering the common people;.ird that the time was wheathe commons rofe and dc- 
 ■ pirted from among you fo as the rule of the common- weal and people of /Jowf was out of yout ., 
 ^ hands, as in a very Anarchy.lf fucha thingasthis might chance in this your City(fo well quali- 
 \, fiecijc ordered asif is) how can any man make a wonder.that among us there have been fome, 
 ^' vvhofaffc(5fing and feeking for the amity andfriendfl-iipof iheK.)might haplycorrupt andfe- 
 duce ourcommonswith their naughty counfel?Andyet whenallis faid,thev prevailed no more 
 'than thus that we fat fiill and failed in doing our devoir to you : for I will not over-pafsinthis ^ 
 " place the greateft and mofi grievous crime of all other wherewith ourCity is charged during 
 * this war. and that is this. At one and the fame time wefent Embafl.bothto you iv^Verfetuz- 
 *' bout a peace.This defignment fo untoward and unlucky as it vvas,a furious and brainfick orator 
 *'and aoent of ourffas afterwards we under(lood)handled as foolifhly.' who (as it is for certain 
 *' t<nnwn;framed hi'; langnage in that maner,as if he h?A been C.PcpUias the Roman Embaffador, 
 ^' whom yje fent to the two KK.Antioch/s and Ptolomans,x.o warn them both to laydown arms Sc 
 
 '' furceafc
 
 The five and fortieth Boq\ of T.Livius. 
 
 A *' furceafe war.But that behaviour of his,(cal it what you vviljcither ptide or fo]ly)was no v/orfe 
 
 " before you than it was to K.Perfeni. Every City hath their conditions and qualities by thcm- 
 
 j'* fclvcs,likc as particular and Icvcral perfons : and lemblably it is in whole njtionsjfome are tcHy 
 
 ; " and cholcrickjbold and audaciousJothers again be fearful and timerou^ : fome arc given to wine 
 
 *' and drunkcnnefSjOthers to women and wanconnefs.The people of Atiem (by report^ are loo 
 
 " haftyjhot^and forward to enterprife any thin^ even beyond their power. The Lacedemonians 
 
 " again.be as flow and backward, calling many doubts & dith^ulties to enier upon the \ cry things 
 
 *' which they are aflured ol, 1 cannot deny, but that all theconmrycf ^yr<» in general breedetlj 
 
 . *' many a mad brain and vain fpirit: and I will not fayjbut that our pcopleare jolly fellows o\ theif 
 
 " tongue and can fpeakbig, tor that we feem^among other cities and dates bordering upr.nu?^ 
 
 B " to excel and furpafsjand that no fo much in iheconnden^e we have of our own for(.cs,as tor the 
 " honorable regard ye have had of us. and thegreittellimonies and judgments yeha\e<.-i'.-enouc 
 ** ofus. But that foolifh embaflage of ours even then atthe very timehad puniflunent fufiiJenti 
 ** being fent away (as it was)withfo heavy an jnfwerofyours:and if we were not then diiTacfd 
 *• and fhamed enough,now lurely thisprefentembaflagc fo hnmble and puithl.were abletomake 
 •* full fatisfaif ion foe a moreinfolentembaffy than it was.All pride (and arrogany of wordsefpe- 
 '' cially^cholcrick perfons indeed hate,wiie nien deridejand namcly,ironi an inferior co his bet- 
 *' ter;but no man ever judged it a mortal lin and worthy of death: mary here ws alltl edani'^er^ 
 '' left haply the Rhodians might feem therby to defpifc the Romam.How then?be ilu-re not lomij 
 " alfo that cannot rule their tongue,but wiilbe rai.ingSc uttering blaiphemoiisvvoids3;:aint} tic 
 
 C " Gods; yet we never heard of any that have been therefore fmittendead with a ihurdabo't. 
 " What remaincth then for us wherein wc fliould purge and tleer our fehes, if we neither can be 
 *• charged in h6t withhoflility;and if our tmbalV.haih ufedfome proud and preiumpiuous word'? 
 *' mote than became him,which defervenot the totalrnin ofourCity but fomeniarpchecksard 
 " hard rebukes on both (ides ofour ears? But l.he-r (my good LL,) that in your ordinary talk a - 
 *' moDgyourfelves when ye areiogether,we3rei.enfured for our inward affection only Z<.i£^:t 
 ** thoughts,and condemned no lefs than for fome deedjn-inK-ly.Thu in heart v\e favoured the K. 
 ** and vvillicd him rather than you to obtain the vi6\ory;andthcrfore they deem us worthy to be 
 " perfecutcd with fire and fword. Some there be agaiti of you, who chink verily that thus indeed 
 
 . " weftoodafteftedho^vbeicthey would not have us for it to be warred uponasenemies;tor that 
 
 D " it ftandcthnotwiththec'.iliom orlawofanyCity in the world. That if a man wiOi amirchict 
 " to his enemy, he (hould be flraightwaies condemned therfore todie-folongashehath nocen- 
 ** trcd into any aftion tending thereto. And verily thefe men we have to thank, who free?; quit 
 •' usyetfrompunifhmenc, although they deer usnotof guilt .• howbcit thisfenten e we pafsa-. 
 *' gainft our ownfelves,Thac if it can be proved, chat we were all ofus fo minded and difpo'ed In 
 *' affcdion as wc are burdened,(forcomcnc we are that all,go under one, heart and hand, will and 
 ** dced,withoutdiHin£tioDjthenletusallbepunifncdforitand Jeelthefmaft.Bntif ofthc^reu 
 " men and chicfambngus/omeafFcfted you & others the King;we require not.thatfor the love, 
 *' of us who fided with you,the Kings ioppolfs fliould fare the better and ef ipe (.leer;but we re*. 
 " queft and befeech rather that for their fakes we perilh not and be quit uncone.And cert lin y, 
 E '* your own felvcsarc not worfe afteiSied and morefet again!! them than our very City is: whiih 
 *< they knowing well enough,mo[l of them either fled aw3y,orelfe killed thcmfehes: others of 
 " them(fuch aswchavecondemned and pafled judgement againll) fnall beatyourp'eafure (my 
 *' LL.)todo with them what you will. All thcrelf of us Rhodians, as thanks we have merited none 
 " inthiswat) fo wchavcdefcrvedas little punifhment. Lay the over- deal .-vnd furpluiageo- our 
 '' former good deeds and demerits to this want of duty now and let the heap oft he one make up 
 t' the fcant meafure of the other. With three Kings oflate years ye have maintained war;[et net 
 '' ourflacknefs and fitting liill in this oncendammage and hurt us more,th.in our devoir and em- 
 *' ploiment in the other twain may feem tofaiisfy and countervail. Set Phdp .wtocl^w ^ni Per- 
 '*y<riw,for three verdiiis and fentences as it were pifled upon us: two ofthcm acquit us cleer;t he 
 
 p *' third is doubtful whether it wilgo againrt us or no. Indeed if they ihemfelves were to lit upon 
 *' us,we fliould no doubt becail md condemned:buf you(my goodLL.)thac are ourcompetenc 
 '' judges dete. minnow at once Whether there (ball be a City of ^/Wr remaining upon the f.uc 
 *' ot the earth or be rafed utterly & dcfiroyed from the very foundation for ever for you are not 
 « to debate in conncel about making war upon us:which wel you may begin and go in hand with 
 " at yourple3fnte;but follow and manage you never fhal.becaufe there is not.iRhodi.in that wil 
 <• take arms and come into the field againft you. Will you not be pacified but perffl liili in \our- 
 «' choler and angerPthen will we crave at your hands fome refpit of time, whiles wc may go home. 
 "and report there how we havcfped in this lamentable cmbafiageofours. And then, all of us in 
 *« ^/jffj?/ frank-born and o*"freecondition,every one,I fay,man and woman with all our vvc3lth- 
 
 G " and fobftance will embark our felves.-forfake wc will our privst houfes and publivk edificesi^nd 
 '*to.Row*(<r<'ight wi!' w ail come: and when we have laid on heaps here in vourrommon hall,- 
 "andatthcponh sndenceir of yourconncel-houfe, whatfocver gold and fiUcr we have either 
 *'inprivat purfp or' ommonchift:commit we will to your devotion and men your own perfons, 
 *• together with 'he bodies ofour wives and children;and never wil we g<:^ further bnccienherc. 
 "inthispiare (vi!l weiufferand abide that,which we have to undergo and endure. Let onrCity 
 *' thcnbcfackedvtifled andburned;foitbefarcnoughout of oureye that we feeit not.TheRo-; 
 
 O 00 o 2 ''mans
 
 g yzj. Thefiye and fortieth Boo^of T.Livius, 
 
 « mans may (if it pleafe them) jwdge the Rhodians enemies ; yet you will give us leave to pafs in hi 
 " ibme fort a doom of our own,Thac we in our confciences never condemned our felves for fuch, 
 *' nor ever will enter in any hoiHle action againft you,come what will,even the utmoft extremity 
 'that can be fuftered. After their oration in this manner uttered they fell down again all proftrat, ' 
 and as humble fupphantefiloons put forth and {hook their branches of the olive, until at length 
 they were raifed up on their feet ,and fo departed out of the Scnat. Then began the LL.within, to 
 "ive their opinions and pals their fcntences of them. The heavieft enemies and moft malicioufly 
 bent againft theRhodians,wcretho're,who had condudted the warof^//zcf^(?«7JasConfuis,Pfe- 
 Io^s.or Lieutenants but M.PorcituCato was theironly patron that (lood to them and fupportcd 
 their caofe right earne!tly;a man Dtl)crwife by nature to wre and ievcre,buc as then he fhcwed him- 
 felf a mild and sracious Senator. I will not infert here the lively po rtraiture and refemblance of j 
 that copious and eloquent perfon,by relating the flowing ipecLh which hethendelivered:his very 
 oration isextant in writing, and contained in the titch book of his Origcnes. In fine,the Rhodians 
 received fuch an anfwer, asthey neither were concluded enemies, not yet remained in the nature 
 and quality of friends. The principal perfons of this their embaflage,were 'P/:)/7<?c?-^ffiand ^y?;-- 
 tncdes. Ordered it was & agreed between them,That Pl:iiocr^tes(\\\ih fomeof his fellows)fliould 
 report this anfwer st Rhodes • and that Aflymedes (with the re(f ) fliould Hay behind at Sewe, to 
 to know what was pr^f^ifed and done there, andgiveintelligenceihereof accordingly to their' 
 citizens at home. For that prefent the LL.of the Senat gave them in charge,to remove their Cap- 
 rains and Governours by aceitaindayoutcfL;c/4and Cjr/j.Ihefe news related at Rhodes^ im- 
 porting n'!.itter(inicfelfconfidercd)ofgrief&;heavinefs,turntdintojoy,inregardthat they were j^ 
 eafed from the fear of a oreater mifchieTfor they doubted lore that they fliould have had hot war. 
 And therfore pre'cndy \hey ordained for the Romans a crown amounting to the value of 20000 
 pieces of gold, and with this prefent they lent ThcoJj>tus the Admiral of their navy in embaflage. 
 A will and defirc they had to make fnit unto the Romans for afiociation: but fo,as noait and or- 
 dinance of the people fhonld be entred therof, nor any infUument engrcffed as touching ir. And 
 tliis they did, to avoid thegreater fliame and ignom.iny of repulfe, if haply they miffed of their 
 purpoie, and could not obtain. The Admiral alcne had this priviledg, and was permitted to treat 
 ofthatmattcr, without any bill at all either publiflied or enacfed by the people. Forinfomany 
 yearsbefore they had continued in amity with theRomans in fuch fort,as they never linked and 
 tied ihemfelves unto ihembyany formal deed andcovenantuponrecord, and that for no other ^ . 
 reafon in the world, but becau'e they would neither cut the Kings ofF from all hope of their aid, 
 if haply any of them might Hand in fuch need,nor difable them'elves of the poflibility they had to 
 reap feme fruit 6c receive good of their bounty and profperity.Bui furely atthis time(me thinks) 
 they ought to have fought fad'y and in good earneli for their louety, not to much for fafety and 
 lecuriiy againfi others (for nonet lie yfesred at all but only the Romans) as to be rid ofthefufpi- 
 tion and/ealoufy which the Romans had of them. About the fame time the Caunians alto revol- 
 ted from them, and they of /l/^A/l? lock certain Towns ofthe Euromeffians. Now were the 
 hearts of thcfe Rliodians within the City not fo much broken or abated, but they fawwelle- 
 rotighthn it theRomans took from them i/ «'■; and C^W^ all the reft would either by way of re- 
 volt put tliemfelves inliberty and fliake off the yoke of their fubjeftion, orelfebefurprifed and 
 feized by the neii;hbournations bordering upon them: and that then thcyfliould be pent up and ^^ 
 fhiit within thecf mpafs ofafmsll llle and the (frands of a bairen foil, not able to nourifliand 
 maintain the inhabitants offo great and populous a City.Tlierctore with ail Ipeed they difpatch- 
 ed and fent forth their yourh,and nrtohiy forced the Cauniansfnotwiihllanding they had joined 
 unto them the aid of the Cyblratsjto their obeit'an:e,bui aifo in battel neer 0/-r/'o/»4 overcome, 
 the Mylaficansand Alabandians ; who'havingdiflcized the Huroncniians of ihcrr province, ad- 
 vanced ioinrly with their united armies againlf them. 
 
 Whiles thcfe slTairs thuj pafled there.whiles fome occurrcrts fell out in Macedo»y, andcthers 
 likewife at Rome^L. /l^ucim having fubdued King Genims (as is beforcfaid)and brought him under 
 his own hand,placcd a garrifon in Scodra,\.\ie. Kirgs roial leac, and appointed Gal^itiius tbc Cap-xj 
 tain thereof :but in Rhiz^on and 0/a'«/^,tvvo commodious cities ofgcod importance,he ordained 
 CLidK-iftnhz Governor. Having thus madeo\er the rule 01' H'yncsm unto thefe twain, himfelf 
 with the reft of the army went into Epina, Where the Town Ph.nwta was thefirft that yeelded 
 unto him , and the whole multitv^de of the people came forth to meet him with their infules in 
 token of fnhmilTion. After he had put a gairifon in this place alfo,he pafled over into the countrey . 
 of Molojfis.wheTs he received the furrender of all the Towns thereof,excepting Pitfaron.Te^mon, 
 Plnf.icum.zud Horreum. And then he kd his army firft againft Papro-/!. The principalmen and 
 rulers ofthat City were y^ «//««« and 7/'(?c^5rw/,mcn ofmark and name,as well for the favor they 
 bare to Perfens^ as the hatred they caried to theRomans: the only perfons who had counfelled 
 ard pcriwaded the whole nation to revoltfrom the Romans.Thel'e two having guilty confciences ^ 
 witi)inthem forthcirprivat trefpafs.and being paft all hopeof finding .iny grace and p3rdon,(hut 
 theg.ucs oFthe City, to the end that they might perifli with the overthrow of all, and be over- 
 whelmed with the total ruin oftheirown country* and therewith they exhorted the multitude to 
 prefer prefent death before fervitude end flavery. No man duift once open his mouth to contra- 
 dict thefcfopreat and mighty perfons. At length a certain noble yong Gentleman, named aifo 
 'Thccdotns,\vn)\ whom the greater dread from the Romans abroad prevailed more;and overcame 
 
 the
 
 1 he five and fortieth Boo^ofTAJmus* 07- 
 
 A the Icfs fear ofthe rulers ac home. " What ail ye my maftersCqd.he)and fellow citizens what race ^ 
 
 " and madnefs haunteth you,to enwrap and interefs the whole City in the fault and folly ofthele 
 "twoperfons? Certainly, I have often heard of men that for their countrcy have willinoly loft 
 *' their lives, but to think it meet, that their countrey fliould perifli for them, thcfe are the £rft 
 " that ever were kno wn.Why rather open we not our gates and fubmit our felvcs to that empire 
 *-into which the wholewoildbefidesislubjcft. As he fpake thefe words,the multitude followed 
 him toward the gates: whiLh when Antinons & The-dotHs faw, they made no moreado but brake 
 upon thefirft corps degmrd of the enemies which they came unto.and expofin" their bodies to the 
 fwords pointjwere loon killed,and the Town was yeeldedinto the hands ofthe Romans.7V>»<7« 
 alfo, upon the like wilful! obltinacy of Prince CtpUlo, had fliut their gates, but after that he was 
 j> flninthe Town was taken by furrender.And neither PhyUce nor Horreum would abide the aflaulr 
 Having thus quieted Epirus.iod bcftowed his forces by garrifons in diverfe commodious Towns 
 for the wintertime, he returned into ///;r;r«w: where he held a general affembly at Jc^^m to 
 which he had fiimmoned the principal States ofthe whole nuion, and whither alfothere were ar- 
 rived hiedelegates from^owr.And there in this frequeit and folemn felTionjhc pronounced from 
 the Tribunal feat, by the advi.e of thecounfel aflTiibnt unto him, That the Senate and people of 
 i?*Wordained the Illyrians to live free and enjoy liberty, and that himfelf would withdraw the 
 jjarriions out of their Towns. Fortrcfles and Caftks. As for theIfleans,Taulantians,Ti:ufiiansin 
 the Dallaictians councrey,Rhi2onits and Okianats (for that whiles Gentius his fortune ftood up- 
 ' right, ihey had ranged with the Romans) he declared them not onlyfree.but alfo exempt and pri- 
 C viledgi^d from .1. tribnts. The Doarlians alfo, for leaving C-travamius^ and paffino with their ar- 
 mies to fide witli the Roman^he endowed with the like immunity. Ihz'^ oi Scodra-,D.ifftir^:.\TA 
 Selepit.i, with the relt ofthe Illyrians, were to pay theonemoity ofthe tribute which they h^d 
 yeelded to the King. After this he divided Wynciim into threecantons : the one of them he made 
 of thofe before n.imed : thefecond,allthe Labeats : and the third, ofthe Agravonits, Rheronits, 
 Olcinijts.andthofe that bound and border upon them. Hautig letdownthis otdcz'wi lllyricumy 
 he returned to Paff.voz City in Epinss-, there to lie for the winter time. 
 
 Whiles thele things haptied in llhncHm-, PmIhs before the coming of the ten Legats, fent Q, 
 jflaximus his fon (who was now lately returned from Rome) to the faccage oi&gtnium and A- 
 ^.'ff^. Theqiiarrel.)g3inrt^^<!/k wa?,for that they havingdelivered the Town oncetoyW4rr/«,f 
 J-) theConUil,and thcrwiih of their own accord craved the alliance ofthe people of ^^wr, revolted 
 notwithHanding afterwards to Pcrfc-m. As tot the .^giniansjthey had committed a lateand fredi 
 rre piU.for giving no credit to the fame that was voiced ofthe Romans vidtoryjthey cruelly band- 
 ed certain Roman rouldier>, who wereentred into their City. Moreover, he fent L. Pofihumiut 
 likewiie tor,;nfack in holule manner the City ofthcEnians, for that they had perfifted in arms 
 more Hifly than the other neighbour Cities. Now was it about that feifonof the year which men 
 call Aunmin : in the bes^inning whereof,fo foon as he had determined to ride a circuit and vifit all 
 Greece round, and to fee thofe places whereof there went fogreat a name,and which weremore 
 renowned by hear- fay than known by fight ofeyeihe left C.5K/p/f««jG<«//«» for the command and 
 guard of t he camp-Sc let forward in his progrefs^accompanied with no great train. And being ouar- 
 E ded of the one hand with his own fonS«p;<7,andontheothcr,with v4t^(r«<««;the brother of King 
 Eumenesht paflcd through Thefahyioviizd the famous Oracle at Delphos. Where, after he had 
 facrificedto v-Zpc/Z^jhedeltinedand appointed thofe Columns ScPillarsCwhich were begun in the 
 porch'ofihat Temple, and wheruponihertatutcs of King Pirr/./^jfhould have been ereiled^forto 
 fuftain and bear the (latues of himfelf with the tide Vi>ftoriou?.He viiited alfo the temples of 7^p. , 
 Trrphon in Leb.Jia ■ where,after he had feen the mouth of that pcakifh cave into which they ufe 
 todefcend that would have the benefit of theOracle,andknovv the will ofthe Gods;afterfacri- 
 fice alio done to Jupiter and //i?m«>r<i,whofe temple there is to be feenhc went down to Chalcisy 
 to behold the fiith of £«r;p.'«;, and that Ifland which in times paft was united& joined to thcfirm 
 continent by a bridg. From Chalets he eroded over to Aiflu three miles dirtant from thcnce,a port 
 p cnohlcd for the rode ("oine lime thereof y#!Xi?wf»i«o«,ffleer, conllrtingofa thoufandfail. Being 
 therehe went to the Temple of £>/.!».«, where that King of Kings (Agamemnon) offered his own 
 * daughter in lacrihf e upon her altar, to have a profpcrous voiage for his fleet intending to fail to ' ifbi^mUs 
 Tro). After this he came to Oropns,zTov/n\n Attica,\\bcts Amphilochusihc Prophet is worfhip- 
 ped asaCJod. There, was to be feen an ancient Temple, mofl plea fant to behold for the goodly 
 ' Fountains and Rivers round about it. Then went he forward to Athens., zCixy likewife for anti- 
 quity of fame much fpoken of, and highly renowned time out of mind : wherein were many mo- 
 iniments alfo worth the feeing: namely. thccitidel,the havens, the walls that reach from the City 
 to /';'r(<«>w thearfcnals made by great Captains and Commanders,ihe images ofthe Gods,and of 
 menlikcwife,ror3re8i excellent, as well for the artificial workmanfhip,asthe matter wherof they 
 QWeremade.When he had facrificed within the City to ,W<««Tw<«thegoddefs and patronefs ofthe 
 faid citadel, he kept on his journey and the next day following arrived at Corinth. h. fair & beauti- 
 ful! City this was in thofe dales, before it wasdeftroied, the foitrefs there and the /y?Aw«x were 
 things o( efpecial mark and worth the fight : for the faid fortrefs notwithftanding it be mounted 
 npto an exceeding height above all,yet is it full of fountains; and the IJihmushy iaiuow tidgt 
 of land dividethtwofcasneeriogether,theonelyingEafl,and the other Weft. From thence he 
 went ioSicj9n and Argoi,\.^o noble Ciiies.and fo forward io£/i/«i^»r«',noihiDgin wealth com- 
 
 O o 3 parabV*
 
 076 ^^ fi'^^ unaj^.ui b Bco{ of T.Livius, 
 
 parable to the reflyet ot great namefortht > ir.ous temple of ^/cw/^jpiwjwhich fiandcth 5miles H 
 from the City, where at this day are to l>t i.tu tie tr;:rks and tokens of the empty placesfrom 
 whence the oblations ha,ve beecpiukcd aw..y .- Lut then a rich place it was and full of thofeof- 
 frings and gifcs., which difeafed perfr n had <■ cniccraied to that God in recompence and reward 
 for thofe foveraign faives and whoielom remtdies which they there fourd.From thence became 
 to Lacedamon.z City membrsb.e not tor any magnificence of if areiy works and buildingSj but for , 
 good difciplineand orders there obferved. From whence pafllngih-rough Megt^hfelis^ he afcen- 
 ded up to Oiympia : where among other things there to be feen^he beheld Jupiter as it were repre- 
 fented even before his eiesA\hereat he was much moved in fpiric.Ard thertore asif he had been 
 tofacrifice in ■hecapitol, he commanded a facrifice to be prepared with more Pate and magnifi- 
 cence than ordinary. Thus having vifTtedall Grw« over without any learch and enquiry made, j 
 how men either in general or particular If oodaffefted in the war againh ffr/i^ii, (becaufehe ■ 
 wouldnottroubleanddifquictthemindsof the allies with any fearful occurrent) as he returned 
 toward DeMetrtM,be wasencountredbythe way with a number of^Etolians alidad in doleful & 
 tnourning array. And whenhe wondredand asked what the matter might be, he was given to 
 lindi rftand that 5 50 of their principal men of name,were by Lycifctu and Tijipptu maflacredjwho 
 ■with the help of certain Roman fouldiers fern from Bahittsthe Governor, had befet their Senat: 
 that the reft were driven into exile;3nd the goods as well of thofe who were murdered, as alfo of 
 the baniflied perfons were now polTefTcd by their accufers.He commanded ihem to attend upon 
 liimat ^mphipoUs^and when himfelf had communed & conferred at D em etn as y/'iih CnfiHavitHf 
 iifterheonce heard that the ten legnts had pa.Ted the feas,j;he laid afide all other affairs, and wecc ^ 
 direftly to ^pollonr^ihste to meet with them. To which place when Perfcm came to meet him, 
 for he having over-large liberty of poifon_,was come from J mphipd is Sc that was a daies journey 
 offumto the K.he fliewedgood countenance and gave him good and gracious words,but after he 
 was returned to thecamp at AmphipiluMt fnarpiy checked and rebuked, as ttittH)\y-,C.Sii/pitimy 
 firftfor fuffering Perfens tounge fo loofly andfo far off from him,all over theprovince:fecond- 
 ly,for giving his fouldiers fo much liberty as to pluck the titles from off the walls [and honfes] of 
 theC'ty to covertbe places oftheir winter harbour: and therewith he commanded that the tiles 
 tho'nTd be carried thither again where they had them, and the houfesto be repaired as fufficiently 
 as before. As for Perfeus and his elder fan /'W;p,hedelivered unto ^.Pe/?/;«w«/wj to be kept in 
 fafecuRody: Inn his daughter and yonger fon, hefcntforto Awphipoltskom S^mothrace, indvkd-^ 
 them vvith allcourtefy and kind intertainrrertaspoffibly he could. When the day wascome,on 
 which he appointed that ten principal bnrgeffes out of every Ci{y fhould repair to jlmphipoUs.^ 
 that all the Kings letters and writings in what pla.efoever to be foundjfhould be fought up &re- 
 prefented there together with all his mony;he fat him down upon the tribunal fear.togcther with 
 the ten legats from Rowe-, and the whole multitude of the Macedonians were gathered round a- 
 bouc him. Albeit they had beenufed tofubjeftion under the King, yet this new Tribunal carried 
 with it a form and {hew of a terrible government,namely,when they faw the tipftav es & huifhers 
 to keep the doors and places of entry, the publick crier and the fergeant : flrange matters all unto 
 their eiesand ears & whereto they had notbeenaccuftomed;abletoflrikeaterrorto allies much 
 more then,to conquered enemies.After filencemade by the crkT,Piifdus pronounced in the Latine w 
 tongi3e,wh:ttheSenatspleafure wasto bedone,and what himfelf with the advice of his Conncel 
 affiiiant about him had thought upon and fet down : all which points Cn.OElc.vlHs the Pretor(for 
 lie alfovvas in place) interpreted and related again in the Greek language. Iwpnmisthey ordai- 
 ned the La^edxmonians to be free to have and enjoy the fame Cities and territories, to ufe and 
 exerciletfieirbvVnLaws to create yearly Magil^ratSjandto pay half of that tribute to the people of 
 Home. which they iifed to pay unto their Kings./ffw.to divide Maccdory into 4quarters;The one, 
 and that the principal for to contain all the country between the 2 rivers Sirjmon and Ncffns ; to 
 which part there (liouldbelaid the trad on the fanher fide oftheriver A^f/«j Eaflward (where 
 Jer^emhtXd Town^jCaftles and Cities)extepting %/£nui-.Mir, onea.^tid Ahdtra: alio beyond Stry- 
 ?;?o^; Weftwardallthe Bifaltique territory together with //'irr^yc/f.!. which they call i'^'^r/cr.For the N 
 fecondj-all thofe parts which on the Eaft-fde the river Sfj-^wov endofeth^cxcept Syntke-Heraclea^ 
 & the Bifaltes .- alfo on the We(l,whatfoever is bounded with the river l^.v//.'.f,together with the 
 Paeonians lying to it, who inhabit upon the river v^.v/«jEjflvvard, The third quarter was that, 
 whichi:^.v/«jfromtheeaff and /'fw«^theriver fromthe weft docompafs;andtothe Dorth-f^de 
 is limited with the mountain iSor^, and to this portion was cdjoinedihe tradi of P<eo»M, which 
 coaf^eth along the river ^.v/«jtoward theweft: EdejfaaX^oznd Berrhta were annexed therto.The 
 fourth was beyond the mountain .Bcr^jConEning on the one fide vfOT\Il!yricnm.Sc on the other 
 upon £jp;rw. The head cities of every quarter where they fliould hold their fefllons and councels 
 he appointed thefe:For the {iia.Amphipoh'slTheff'a/o^ica for the fecordjln the third PelUlSi FeU- 
 ^ff'^'u^- '^^ '^^""^•To thefe places he ordained that by fummons they fliould repair,and hold the q 
 aflemblies of each quarter;thiiher the mony to be brorghtjard there the magifirats to be created. 
 Jtem,he declared and pronounced that it (liould not be lawful for any perfon to contrail mariage, 
 neitherto have commerces: traffick together in buying or fellirg of lands or tenements withcut 
 * iJ'T'" °^'^^'''' ^^'^° divifion. Item, that in their mines they fliculd no more dig tor lilver and 
 gold: but for Iron and brafs they had permiflion.Ard thofe that had the profit tberrf were topay 
 the one half of the old rcntjwhich they were wont to yceld ard grant unto the KiDg./rf»;,he tor- 
 bad
 
 The five andfi)rtietbBoofiofTlAv\\is. hyj 
 
 A bad them to ufe any more forrain fait brought from out of other psrts.When the Dard jnians puh 
 in their claim for Paonia^iot that it had fomecime been ihcir appurtenance and alfoconfined upon 
 their country; he pronounced freedom to all thoie who "^lad been '.ubjeds ta A, ^erfens.Bxii atcer- 
 wardsjwhen they could not obtain 'P<zont.u he granted uiito them the commodity of the trafiick 
 for fait ; and he charged the inhabitarts of the fiid country to nry i' to Stob: in P£o»i^,irid he fee 
 them down a certain price. /; . w,he debarred them from felling any fliip- timber themfelves,and 
 from fuffericgany others. Unto thofc countrie.; which bordered upon the Barbariansfand except 
 the third quarter all the re(t confined irpon th :m) he granted that they might k&p armed garri- 
 fons upon their frontiers and marches. Thefe Att'? and ordinances thus publifhed thefirrt day of 
 the feflion, wrought diverlly in theminds ofmen.Freedom granted beyond th:it expedation,and 
 
 g the eafment in the yearly tribute.comforced their fpirits and made them look np.But by the inter- 
 ruption of the commerce & tr.i flick one region with another,they feemed like creatures difmem- 
 bted and plucked afunder joint-meal,fo as having need one ot another, yet they had no mutual & 
 reciprocal ufe and intercoiirfe.In fo much as the ^)acedoni.'ns themfelves knew full liule how big 
 and large Macid'jfiyvi3.s-,znd how commodioufly it was divided, fo as each part was fufficiect in 
 it felf without the help ot others.The firft region contameth the Bifaltx who inhabit beyond the 
 river Nefm and about ^trymon the molt valiant men of all the re(t : befides> it hath many propec 
 commodities by it felf as well fruits ofthe earth as mines of mctals,togcther with the opportijnity 
 and commodious fituation o( jtm])hipolis,wh'Kh as a frontier-bar P.cppeth all aven-;ss on the ealt 
 fide into Afaccdofjy.The fecond qUarterhath in it two molt famous and frequented dues. TbefsA- 
 
 Qlonica and Cjfsafidri^n & Palle^e, ikriile Sc fruitful land.Befides, the maritime commodities which 
 the havens at Torone and the head oi^thos fand it they call the port or rode of £w,w)do yeeld; 
 to lay nothing of other bayes lying handfomely, fome tow. rd th'; Tand Enbcc.i, others toward 
 Hellelpofit.Thc third conntrey containeth tbefamous cities Edefsa^B:rr'aa and Pe!l.i; the warlike 
 nation ofthe Veteii, and many Gauls and Illyrians befides who there inhabit, notable men all of 
 a(5lion &,execution.The fourth region is peopled with the Eordians,Linceftians and Pelagonians: 
 unto whom, the provinces Atinta/iia^ Stywfhiilis-.ind Eltmiotu are adjoy nd. All this quarter is 
 cold^rough and hard to dwell in.The nature ofthe inhabitants is likewife futable to the foil & the 
 fiercer they areby reafon ofthe barbarous nations their neighbours, who one whole find them 
 occupied with wariand othetwhilesmingletheirritesandfafliions'with theirs in time oFpeace, 
 
 p When A/acedo.r/ Wis thus divided and each part dillinguiflied by their feveralufesSc commodi- 
 ties, he appointed a general revrc^w to be made and enrolment of all the Macedonians;having de- 
 clared unto them before,that he purpofed to give laws unto them . 
 
 This done.the .ttolians were cited and called next;and in the whole courfc ofthe commlflion 
 as touching them and their affairs, more inquifition there was. who favoured the Romans, and 
 who affe(5led the King than of any that either had done or fuffered wrong. The murderers were 
 found unguilty and abiolved and'chebaniOiment of the exiled was as much avowed,as their death 
 juftified who were maflacred: A.Bdbim only was convi^iled ardcondemned,for that he had fere 
 Roman fouldiers to execute the faid butchery.This iiTne of the ^Etolians caufejpufted up the fpi- 
 rits of all thofe who hadlided with the Roman5,throughout all the nations and cities oi Greece ^ 
 
 Einfuchfortas theygrewto apride intolerable: but concrarywil'e put down & abafed under their 
 feet, as many as were fufpefted any waies to have ca(t a favor and born good will to the King.The 
 principal ftates-men of their cities were of three forts;t wo of them were skillful in the art ot foo- 
 thing,& either by fubmitting and fubjefting under the RominEmpire,or winding within the fa- 
 vor and friend Ihipjof the KK.grew infinitly rich and mighty themfelves in privat,with the publick 
 oppreffion and undoing of their countrey: the third between, fungamcan,and wascrofsto the 
 otherjmen that flood for the defence of their liberties and maintenance of laws,who as they were 
 more dearly beloved of their neighbours at home, fothey vverelefs gracious and of credit with, 
 flrangers abroad. Thefavorics and fuppods only of the Roi^nn';,wcre advanced by their profperi- 
 ty;they alone fat in place of government,they were employed in allemba{lages,and none but they. 
 
 p Thefe being there prefent in great number coming out of Pc/opoi7i:ef!!uB£otia-,ir\d from other fre- 
 quent aflemblies oi Greece,({\kd the heads ofthe ten delegats and high commiffioners; buzzing 
 into their ears, that not they alone who openly were feen in their bravery and vanity of fpirit, 
 ranting themfelves for the hods and friends of King Pcrfeus, but many more befides under-hand 
 rook part with him and favoured his proceedings : as for the red (under a colour of maintaining 
 liberty) praf^ifed in all their connfels and cotnplottedagainft the Romans what they could : and 
 never wonld the Greek Nations abide longin their allegeance, unlefs the hearts of that fide were 
 takendown and broken ;and their authority only cheril"hed, confirmed, and flrengthned, who 
 regarded nothing elfe but the empire and foveraignty of the Romans, When thefe had informed 
 and prefented divers byname: fentfor they were by the letters miffive of the General, out of 
 
 G ty£to'ia, yic'-rnani:^, Epiras, and Bmin, to give their attendance and follow him to Rome- there 
 to anfwerthe caufe. But into y^c^rf.itwoof the high CommilTioners were fert nr,mely,C. CLw- 
 ^'tff and C>;. Dowitim, who perfonally Chould fummon them by vertue of their edift. And this 
 WJSdone fortwoconfiderations; the one, becaufetheythoughtverily that the Acharans were 
 more confident andcouragious, and therefore would not obey the fuinmons by letters, and p'r- 
 adventure alfo. CalHerMes ?nd other the informers and accufers who made prefentment of theu: 
 Mines, fliould be in fome daneer of their lives : the other caufe why they wOuld be prefent 
 
 If
 
 ^^^8 ^ The fiye and fortieth Boo{of T.Livius, 
 
 — -~" JO give ihetn fumtnons was this, that amongft the Kings records ard rols they had found the let- H 
 ters of the principal Statelmcn of other nations; but of the Achsans there appeared no writing at 
 all under their handSjand therefore the imputations charged upon them^werc noihin| evident. 
 
 After the jEtoUans were difmiffed, the nation 6f the Acarnanians was cited and calledinto 
 place : as for them, there was no change nor alteration ; only Lei^cai was exempt frotndoingfet- 
 vice to the high court and general aflembly of the Acarnanians. As they followed the inquihtioa 
 (HU farther andf<irther, makingenquiry who either in pubiick or private had taken part with the 
 Kinc', they extended their commiflion as far as into Jfi^und fent Lal^ee to demolifh and race ^a- 
 ttf°i City in the Iflc Leshs.sad to tranflate the inhabitants thereot to Methym»a : the pretence 
 was,for that they had given harbor in their haven to the pro\ ifions of Antemr the Kings Admi- 
 ral, at whattime as he hoveled and ranged aboutLw^oj with his pinnaces. Two there were that i 
 lort their heads,men ot quality and great worth,to mitAndromcm the :£tolian.fon of Androni' 
 <•«/, for that he followed his lather and bare arms againit the people of Rome ', and Neon a The- 
 ban,by whofeadviceaDd perfwafionthey had comt-itcdafociety with Pfr/^w/. ' - 
 
 After this enqiied of terrain caufes interpofcd and coming beiween,ihe aflembly of the Macedo- 
 nians was called again ; wherein as touching the Hate of yW;r<'^o«7.,pronouni.ed and publifhed it 
 was,, That there fhould Ijecertain Senators chofenjWhom they call Synedri^'j whofe counfel the 
 corrmon- weal fhould be managed and governed. After this,were the nimes read ol the principal 
 Macedonians, whom he appointed ftogether with theirchildren asmnny as were above fifteen 
 yea rs of a j;e) to go before into /f^/;. This at firft was thought to be ^n hard and cruel courfe, but 
 anon it appeared to the mnUitude of the Macedonians that it was ail done for their liberty. For K 
 nominated there vvere,the Kirgs friends and gallants of his court^the commanders of armies.ihc 
 Admirals of the flects.ard the Captains of the g irrifons, who were vyont to lei v the King bafely, 
 but to over-rule others proudly and imperioully : feme exceeding rich and weslihy .others fpen- 
 ding above the proportion of their revenues and living: all faring at their tabie, and arraiedin 
 apparel like KK. not one carying with him the civil mind of a good citizen, not one that could 
 abide to hear of laws, or of equal liberty. Althefetherfore,who had been employed in any miniftry 
 or fervice about the King even they alio who had been ultd intheleaft embaffages that were, had 
 commandment to departout of A/rfc(?<^o«7andtogointo/r<z/y : and look who obeyed not this 
 edi£t,\vere threatned with death. Unto Macedony he gave laws,with fuch dilioeni care and good 
 regard, as ifhc had reckoned them not for enemies vanquifhed,but for allies of good dcfert: fuch j^ 
 laws (I fay) as the very pradlife and tryal of long time (the only corred^or of all ftatutes^ was not 
 ablcuoon that experience, to check and control. 
 
 After thefe ferious affairs were finifhed, he exhibited with ^rcat furniture and preparation, a 
 folemnity ofgameand difport at Ar^pl^tpolu-, whiLh long before he had intended, and for the in- 
 timation v\hero''hehad both Tent out his meflengcrs to the States of ^y?^ and to the KK.and al- 
 fo himself in his circuit and vifitationofthe ore, ian Cities had given warning to the great men 
 and principal citizens. And thither repaired out of all parts of the world, a number of cunning, 
 dexcrous, and artificial aftois, that madeprofeflionoffuch plaics and paliimes ; behdes a fort of 
 wrc(tler?,chaiTipicns,and brave horles of the bcli kind & breed. Alfo divers embaffages with their 
 bealls for facri (ices -and whatfoeverelfc was ufually done of cultcme, at the great and folemnga- j^ 
 min!;s in Greece. Thus it came to pals, that men admired not only his magnificen:e,but his wile- 
 dome alio in exhibiting thefcfhews and T.ghts wherin the Romans at that time were altogether 
 rude and ignorant. Moreover,he feafled and banketted the EmbalT.in the lame fnmptuous manner 
 ^ andrefpe(51ivecon|ideration.And this(by report)wasanap< phthcgm and common faying of his, 
 That none could make feafls and fet forth plaies better than he who had. the skill to win a field. 
 Having rcprelenred thefe folemnities ofallforts,andbefto\ved allthebrafen fhieldsonfluphoord; 
 allother armor ard weapon!; of fundry kinds, he piled upon a mighty heap, and after his praiers 
 made to M/!rs,jWy/erti t dameZ.«.t,andotherGodsandGodde(les unto whom of right and duty 
 appertained to confo r^te and dedic =<te the I'poils of enemies ; himfelf the General with his own 
 hards ^iit under abuning torch-,andk nd ed the fire- and after him all the marfhal-colonels flan- J«J 
 * dirg round aboiu,c3ll every man his fire-brand and let alia burning. This was a thing noted in 
 that great aflembly of £«;v,p,-Si A:?a where there was fuch a confluence of people from all parts, 
 as well to tcflify their joy in his behalf as to fee the fhewsand difports: in that meeting,! fayjoffo 
 great Prmies of fca-fer- iters and land fouldiers, there was that plenty of all things and cheapnefs 
 ofviiluals, that t^wij^/zV/jthe General, of that exceeding ftoreand abundance, gave much away _ 
 freely to privat perfon? to cities and nations^not only foriheirprefent ufe^but alfo to cary home 
 wiih them into their countrie';. And this multitude there affcml led took not more pleafurc either 
 in beholding the ftage-plaies a6ted,or feeing men pradlife feats of bcdily llrength and a(Slivity,or 
 the running of horles in the race, as in viewing the Macedonian booty and pillage laid all abroad 
 tobefecn ; namely, of Statues, and painted tables, of rich cloth of tifrue,ofveffclsingold,infil-Q 
 i3 Culcs there ^^'' ^° copper and ivory moft curioufly wrought in that roial feat and City of Pella-, not only to 
 br nt ii.at fcrvefor a prefent fl ew and no more flikcthofe that the Kings Palace of * v^/fA^^»</'■"^wasreple- 
 ni(hed with)but aifoforcontinual andeverlaftingufe.Thefewere allembarked.and committed 
 to the charge o'tCn.cnavius to betranfported to Rome. PaKluszkti he had given the Embaffa- 
 dors a gra^ ious and courteous farewel, paffed over the River Strymcn^and Jodged within a mile 
 oiAmphipolu. From thence he diflodged and journeyed Hotill hecaoie on the fifth day as far as 
 
 * , Fella. 
 
 D.iV.C
 
 
 Jke five and fortieth Bocl\^dfTXJim\x^^ qy'$ 
 
 ^i \h.Pdla. And palTiDg by the City, he abode two daies at a place which they call SpeUum, and chea 
 hefent P.N^fiea, and ^.ALtximtts his own fon with par: of the forcei in an expedition, to gi*;e 
 the wait unto thofe Illyrians, who had luccoured Perf^^n in his wars, bnt hecommanded fhem 
 to meet him at Orient. Himlelf marching toward Eprtu, at the fifteenth remove arrived. ac 
 Pafttroyj, Not far from diencelay Am-tu encamped : cnto whom hedifpald)edhis^ctler^•,,to 
 the end that he flionld not be troubled at thoie deligns which were to be put in exetution;ligni^ 
 fying therein,that the Senat granted to the army the pillage of ail the Cities of £;>:>-«<, which had 
 revolted unto Per' cm : which done, he fubocned certain Centurions,and fent them into all the 
 Towns withinftructions, to give out that his coming was to withdraw ail thcgarrironsfrorri 
 ihence,with anintentchatthe Epirots fhould enjoy their freedom as well as the Macedoniatisj! 
 
 38c fo hefummoned out of every City ten of the chief to repair unto him. And when he had char- 
 ged & commanded them to bring abroad into the market place all the gold and filver whi^ h chcy 
 had, he fent out certain cohorts and companies offouldiers to every of the faid Cities: they who 
 wereaflignedforthe places tarther remote went before them which were appointed to the neet'* 
 cr;and this was ordered ro,that upon the fame day they fliould ectcr into ihem all n once.Nov^ 
 the Colonels and Centurions had their errand.delivered them what to do.,- Jn the morning bs^ 
 times all the gold and lih er was brought forth together accordingly,and that at the fourth hour 
 ofthediyafignal was given to the fouldiers to fall to ranfack and rifle the Cities, WheLcin they I^Ji^ 
 
 found fogreat (lore of pillage,ihat every horfman had for his part * 400 Denarii;and the fooitm«r * i»'»^.i2-pfo 
 200 apiece, and a hundred and fifty thoufandpols were led away into captivity. Then the wails ^"^' 
 
 C were rafed of thefaid Cuies thus fpoiled,.ind thofe wereto the number ot I'eventy.All the bocty 
 and prizes were fold ,and out of that mafsol money were the foiildiers paid. From thence /'a'/Z/w 
 went down to thcSeal-.de, umo OricHin. But the fouldiers minds werenothmg lb wellfatisfied^ 
 ashefuppofed theyhad been, for difcontented mightily they were and angry, that they had no ' 
 
 fliarcat all in the Kings pillage and treafure,asifihey had madenowarini^rtrfi:/^;. At Oriaim 
 he found thofe for.es which he had fent under the condu*:;^ of 5. /V./yl.-.i and Af-iximtu hisfonj 
 there he fhipped his wholearmy,and failed over into ItJy.ln like manner a few daies after,^^;:/- 
 «■/■«/, when the fcff.on and gener.il meeting ot the other Epirots and Acarnanians was ended, ha- 
 ving given commandment, thattbeirprincipal perfons Hiouid follow him into //^j/r (theknow-i 
 ledge and deciding of whole eaufes he referved and referred thither) himfelf attended the fhips 
 
 P which the army had ufcd in /l/^ff^?;,7, and pafled over likewife into 7/^/;'. 
 
 At what time as theic affairs were thus managed in .Macedony and EfirmA^z Embafladors who 
 had been fent with Ait Mm to end the war between the Gauls and King £«wfw/iarrived in Afia, 
 A furceafeo farms for the winter time, was agreed upon between both partiesjduring which cef-:' 
 fation the Gauls departed home, and Eumenes was retir. d to /\rf,;Jw«Jihe;e to winter, where 
 alfo helay grievoully fick.Thefpring wasno foonercomcjbut theGauls began to flir and look a- 
 broad : but by that time they were come as far as the Spi.idt, Eumenes had affemblcd his forces 
 from all parts to Sardis. TnertnSyMdr., thellomins parled with 5<?/(ji;/rf/«jcheGenerjlofthe 
 Gauls ; Attains alfo went with them : but thought good it was not, that he fliould enter within 
 the Gauls camp,for fear of (Urring coals in heat of argument,3nd raifing choler of the one fide or 
 
 E other. So /'.L/iriww/communedwiththeDnkeof theGauls aforfaid: and whenhehaddone^he 
 brought word back, that the more he was entreated, the worfe he was and lefs trainable ;info-( 
 much as it might feem a wonder, that the words of the Roman Embaffiidors were fo powerfot 
 and effectual with v4«f/flC/W and >Pffl/»w<««i (two mighty and puiiTant Kings) as tomake peace 
 fo prefently between them, fince they prevailed fo little or nothing at all among the Gauls. 
 
 To return again to Rome. Firff, the two captive Kings, 'Perfeus and Gentins were fent thither, 
 and committed there to ward they and theirchildren .• alter them.the multitude befides of prilo- 
 ners,then confequently thofeMacedonians.as alfo the other chief peers oiGreece^\^i\\o were war-- 
 ned to repair unto Rome. For not they only were fnmmoned to make apparence there, who had' 
 been feen prefect in place > but alfo all thofe were fent tor by letters milTne peremptorily, who' 
 
 p werebut reported tohavc been with the Kings. Then /^j../;;;himleifafew dales alter embarked 
 in a fliip ofthc Kings, aGaleaceofa mighty bignefs, makingway wiihfixtcenbanasandroweS' 
 of oars toa fide,and the fame fet out and adorned with the Macedonian fpoils, not only of brave 
 gorgeous armour,but alfo ofrich hangings ,ti(Tue.?i cloth of gold ont of the Kings watdrobccams' 
 up the Tyher againll the Hream;where great numbers of people went forth to meet him, and filled 
 the banks on both fides of the river. Some few daies alter Arncit4szv\AOci.iv:»s arrived aifo v^irlr 
 their fleet. And to all thtee^by an aft of the Senat was triumph granted. Q^.Caffius the Pretor had; 
 commandment to deal with the Tribunes otthe Commons by warr^ntfrom the Senat, that they' 
 {hould prefer a bill unto the common people, that thofe three fliould be in fu.lcommifiion oC' 
 command and government that day when they were to ride triumphant into theC'ty.See,how?; 
 
 {Tjmean things ekape the touch otenvy, but the higheft commonly are niet with No doubt vvas- 
 madeat all of the triumph of ^>?»c'«iinor yet of 0(;i-.it//».But P/j«/«f,wiih whomeventhey them-- 
 felves would have been abadied to compare.could not avoid the batkbiting of flanderous S: mav 
 licioustongues. His fouldiers according to the ancient difcipline of war, he had held hardtotheir*s 
 fervice. And to them had he given a donative indeed out of the bootY,but more niggardly ^ witlf, 
 a lighter hand than they hoped for,from outoffo great wealth and riches of the Kings : and yd irf 
 good fahh to fay a tiuib, full well he kne\v thai if he had facisfied '.heir greedy d<:::ie,3nd dealii 
 
 Oiil
 
 o8o Tbefiye and fortieth Boo{ofT.lAvms» 
 
 ftill amocft^tiem tilihey had cried Ho,hefhould have lefc himlelf juft nothing to have brought H 
 into the commonireafury. So that all this Macedonian army gave a fhcvv by this time,as if they 
 had but cold devotion to their General, either to appear, or to give their voices for tiie leriiDg 
 forward of thebill aforefaid, as touching his triumph and plenary powerofcommand, when the ■ 
 day of aflembly fhould come.Over and hchdcs^Ser.SHlpitiHi Calha^who had been a marti 1 Colo- 
 nel in the fecond lcgion,in MucedonyyZrtd in privat enmity with ihe General; both himieitin pcr- 
 fon was in hand with him,and by the ibuldiers alfo of his own legion follicited andfpurred on the 
 red to appear in fufficicnt number, there for to give their luffrages againft him.and check the bill: 
 faying, " That as he was an imperious and Lordly commander, lo he was as milerable a pin>.h- 
 '* peny withal, and a good deed it were to deny his grace and to crol's the law propofed for his 
 " triumphjSi fo to be revenged of him through:y : for no doubt thecommons o: the City w odd j 
 " -^o that way that they fhould fee thelouldiers to leadbetorc. He could not 'orfooth (fay ihey^ 
 " give money among his fouldiers liberally ; well,he fhall futcly know^ihat hisfouldiers yet can 
 " give him honour ; but never let him look for the fruit of fa\ or and grace, where he hath d^fer- 
 "vednone. Thefe words fet them agog ; and whenT/^. .Sf»ipro«/M5 a Tribnre of the Commons 
 read o«t and publiOied the forefaid bill in the Capitol, and that by permiffionof law any private 
 perfon might have fpoken thereto, and no man came forth, as being a matter whereofno dcub: 8c' 
 queftion wastobemade : then ^f rw«/ (j<?/^4 fuddainly (fepr forth, and required of theT.iijiTne,' 
 ' • That (forafmuch as it was fo farforthdayes, as beingthe eight hour thereof, fothathe h'.d not 
 
 lime enough to declare and flievv at large, what allegations he had why they fhculd rot grant L. 
 ty£myhui a triumph) they would adjourn the aflembly to the next day,and betimes in the morn- jr 
 -i in" fet the matteronfoot again; forthat he had need ofa wholeday and nolefs, topU-;dthat 
 caufetothe full as he flioulddo. But when the Tribune willed him .-gain to fpeak his mind thac ^ 
 day, ifhe had ought to fay J he made a fpeech,and with his long oration held the court until it 
 4^-: was within night : putiingthem in mind and alledging, " How precifely and rigorcufly he had 
 " exailed at their hands all military duties ; how he had impofed upon the fouldiers more painful 
 '' and dangerous labour than need was: but contrary-wife in dealing rewards and bellowing ho- 
 " nourablerecompences for good fervice, bewasover-flraight-lac td & too fl^ort in every point: 
 '■ and \erily fouldiery and warfare,it it continued Hill under fuch Captain^-.wili be more hardtra- 
 *■' velfome and rough to fouldiers and warriors : but when a. 1 is done and vi^lory obtaincd.rewar- 
 " ded it fliall be with bare poverty and negleft of honour. Cert,ainly, the Macedonians are in bet-.. 
 " tercafe yet than the Roman louldier";. But it they would be prefent in great frequency the next 
 "morrow for to deny and revoke this bilL then thefe ri.h and mighty men fhall know full well, 
 " That all lieth not in the hands of the Captain and Cotnmanderjbut that the fouldiers alfo can do 
 fom what.The fouldiers animated and induced with thefe j.erilc-us woidsjeforted the day follow- 
 ing in fo great multitudes. and peHered the whole Capitol fo iull,2s none bucthcy could comein 
 togive their voice. The fird tribes that Were called in t learly c.ifled the grace : which when the 
 ' ■^" principal and chief men of theCity faw they ran al intothe Cipitol with open mouth crying out 
 upon this indignity offered, That L.P.w/<« a conqueror info great and dangerous a war, fhould 
 be deprived of his due triumph ; and the grand Commanders and Generals of the field were now 
 fubjeded and enthralled to the loofelicentioufnefs and greedy avarice of their fouldiers. Inthis 
 one thing pay iliey^ have we too too much faulted, I'uch hath been our favour and paniality, and "* 
 folot!! have we been todifpleafeany : but what will become of us intheend-iffouldiersoncemay 
 come to be Lords and mailers, and thu.<!tt crow over ihtir Generals? And every man railed and 
 cried out upon G Iha. In the end after this garboil was appeaied,/1/.5^rW/x« who fomctimchad 
 been Conful and j?re3t mallerof the horfe under the Dictatcr, requctted the tribunes that they 
 wonH begin alia^ain amillirgthat whii.h wa*^ pjl',and give him leave withal to make a fpeechbe- 
 forethe people.The Tribuos' went alide to coniiit of this matter;and in fine, over-ruled with the 
 authority and conmenanceofthenobles and peers of thcCity, besanto treatafrefh andgoin 
 hand with all matters ane vv,making it known openly that they would recal back thofefirft tribes, 
 in cafe /I/. Scrvi/naaT)d otherprivat men who were willinr to utter their mind to thecaufe had jq 
 Thf Orition oncefpokcn.Thcn faid ServUitu as followeth, "Maflersardlriends.citizenshereof ^<»»;f-,ifand 
 «.i M ^"J"/"!' *'bynothingelreitmightbejndged,hQw hngiilar& how excellent a Commander L.iEw*;//*** was 
 L" '// ' ^ ' ''in the ficld.this only (if there were no more) may fuffice,that having in his camp fuch feditioos 
 *' and light headed perfons 'or his fouldiers, and an adverfary ot his own *mong them fo noble of 
 *' birth, forafh of action, and withalfo arrogant and felf-conceited, ready to incite and flirupa^ 
 *' multitude to commotion,yct troubled he never was with any mutiny at all in his whole army, 
 "Thefamefeverity it was in government & condu(5t,that held them in aw and good order,which 
 *'now at this prefent they hate & detefl.And fo long as they were managed by ancient difcipline, 
 •' they durll not quetch nor give offence. As for ^rr/fiw G/?/^d if(like a new barrifterwhoisto 
 *' (hew the firft proof,& to give the alfay and hanfel of his eloquence; he would have made choice 
 *'otL. /'.';.-/«f to begin withal and accufe him at the bar, hcfhould not yet have hindred his tri- ^ 
 "umph which (ifthere were nothing elfe to dilTwadeind draw him back)theSenat had judged 
 <• to be juR & due: hut the morrow after his triumph (when he had fcen him a privat man again) 
 *• he n ight have given prefentment of his name5& by order of la w miniflred interrogatories unto 
 h- *' f'im and foemrcd procefs: or rather he might have ftaid a little longer, namely, until bimfelf 
 
 ,*hadbcenaMagi(lrat in placcjand then have gone roundly to work^areflcdhim upon an action 
 t . *'to
 
 The five andfjrtiethBoo\ofTJJvjm^ oSi 
 
 h '' toaofwer at «day,and fo accufed him judicially before the peopIe.Thus Hioiild L.Emylius have 
 " had his triumph for reward and recompence of his well-doin" in that fonobly & vaiiantly he 
 " had coDduiftcdthis war: thus likewife Hiould he havefiifFered condign punidimenr, if he had 
 '< committed ought unworthy either of his ancient glory or this new honor.Diit will you have the 
 »< truth?when he(.ould find no matter of crime to reproach him vvith,he fought by-waies and in- 
 ■«. diredt means to deirait his well defervedpraifes.He demanded yeHerday,onefu!i day to accnfe , ■.. . .., 
 ,. L.P.uilns-.mdi* foiirhours.evenalltheday time that was left he fpem'in making an inveitive . By/hjtiJiij 
 „ againlf him. What prifoner was there ever brought to thebarfoculpabLeand linlui,but all the bccolicdcdj,"' 
 ,. faults of his whole life might be ripped up,deciphered,and painted forth in fo many hours fpace? ilut they 
 ^, But whjtobjedkd he all that while, that L./* <»«/«/ if he were to frame his defence would wiflt cumedilrr 
 
 b'. todeny?Othatfomeman would procure me here for the while two aflemblies and courts, the '''>'»'"'"^^ 
 
 • r^ - 1 1- 1 • ji 1 • «^ I . L I ' 1 ■ . ifom 6 to 6. or. 
 
 oreot Roman loiildicrsemploied lately in -^^(reao'^.the other more pure and uncorruptot the notfr<.niiun • 
 " tvvain,namely,of citizens founder in judgment, void ofall favor & deer from hatred. And the iciun.ajfomo 
 " people o( Ro^el would have to be the judg.Firfl,let/'<r«/«j be accufed in the grand a.!remb!y&: w«u!d uavc •% 
 " court ofthcfecitizens.Tellme OS, (7*'/'^, what would you fay againll him before thofeQiiirits 
 " of /?o>w<',For there you fliouldhave been cut off and lolf allthis difcourfe&fpecial part of your 
 " orationxarying thefe terms, You looked coo (ircightlyC-iprecifely tothe^o;;)/ ds^ii-n-dmihot 
 " Ilations;yoti held the louldiers too hard to their watch and wardahefentineis were neeriyand 
 " narrowly looked unto; & you were over t urious about going the rounds Jc rellevingth? watcb 
 " in the night feafoniabout the works and fabriv-ksyou put the louldiers lo more toiling 5c moil- 
 C'' ingthan heretoforeiwhilesyou,my L.Ckneral, their furveior, ovcr-feerjandtask-makerTode 
 '' allabout toexaif^ theutmoft with all extremity ; in one 5<: the fame day when you had the army 
 «' on foot, prefently from a joiirnyyou led them forth to battail; whenthe vitSory wasgot,yoa 
 '' would not fuffer the fouldier to breath and take repofe but caufed him to march immediailySi: 
 «' to follow the enemy inchafe;alfo,wheras the booty to be parted & fliared out might have en- 
 «' riihed your fe!:",yet will you carry the Kings treafure in fhew of triumph & then lay it up in the 
 «t chamber of the City. As thefe be flirewd matters;like fharp goads to prick thole louldiers Sc fee 
 <c them on, who think they have not fcope enough tolervetheirdiflolutloofnes.or toolVnall al- 
 «< lowance toconcent theircovetoiis nppetits : fo,with the people of ^ijwc' they would haveno- 
 'c thiugat all prevailed: who iftheyfliould not call to mind examples &flories of old, vvhichthey 
 J). I have heard their fa thers:alkof;namely, what overthrows have been received through the indul- 
 i: gen:e and popularity of Generalsjand contrary wife what viiflories h«s e been atchieved by theic 
 » fevere difcipline and government: yet at lead wife they cannot chufe but remember what ods & 
 ,c difference there was in the late Punick W3r;becvveen ^t/. A//>.w/«iGeneral of the horfe,and ^,- 
 ,< Fahitst /l/4A-.hisDidfator,And therfore fince theaccijfer might know all this,t he defence o( Pan- 
 ic ////in this behalf was altogether needlefsand unneceffary.Let us go now tothe other audience 
 « and affembly of theMacedonianfouldiers.But now me thinks! muftnotcalyou Q^iirites any 
 ,i more but fouldiers:if haply there be fo much grace in you,as that this name yei may caufe yoii 
 „ to bluQi,?c be abafhed for very fhame ofthe world,to offer abufe unto yourGeneral. And veri- 
 „ ly for mine own part, I find a great change jn my felf, fcamotherwifeaffedledinmy mind,novv 
 E„ that I leemtofpeakuntoanarmyoffouldierSjthanere-whiles I was,whenmyOraiion was ac» 
 ,, commodate and framed to the commons of a City.Now fouldiersvvhacfay you tothema'ter? 
 ,, Is there any one at ^oweCbut Pifr/fw-r again jthat would not have a triumph over the Macedoni- 
 ,^ ans?Sc are you not ready to pull fuch a one in pieces with thole very hands, wherwith you van-. 
 , quifbed theMaccdoniansPHe.whofoevcr heis.that impcacheth you for ent ring into the City in 
 ^^ triumph,rrurt me truly,would have debarred you of viiitory ifithadbin in his power. Lo,hov/ 
 fouly areyedeceived(fouldicr3Jandfarout ofthe way,ifye think that ihetriomph isthe honor 
 ] only oftheGeneral.and not ofthe louldiers likewifeiandconlequcntly of the wholepeople of, 
 /?.)Wf.This Is not P-i-Jm his cafe alone. Many others likewife there have been, who when they 
 " could not obtain triumph at the hinds ofthe Senate, triumphed neverthelefsuponthe Albane, 
 *" mountaTn.AsImpoirib'eitistorany man to bereave L.Prf«/«f ot the honor ducfor the finifhing 
 " ofthe Macedonian war.asit was to difappointC,£,«ff<7r/«xof his glory for ending the firft Pu- 
 " nick VI iz^V. Cornell US for the fecondior others belides who aftcf them triumphed. Itis notatri-. 
 umph that can make L.^.iulus better or worfe,either the greater captai n or the kf< Herein con-, 
 fidcth the credit jtenown ?c reputation ot the fouldiers and of.allthe people of j^ow^ more than/ 
 his: for fear left they be reputed & noted either for envious & malicious or elfe unthankful foe, 
 their befl members li noblefl (.itizensiSctherin feem to imitate thepeople of Af/ie^.-x who ever-?; 
 more perfecute and plague with envy theirbefl men that live amongd them.Youranceflors and 
 forefathers when time vvas'fauUed this waies enough Iwis)in the pcrlonofO'w/Y/wt, whom they, 
 offred abufe untOjbeforetheCityby his means was recovered out of theGauh hands. Much you, 
 ij" were to blame your felvcs here & overmuch too inP./f/Wrrtw* That in Liter»tinth\^ manfion^ 
 " houfe and place of habitation ('who was i he conqueror of ^f,-u-l;_^fbould be. flicwed : thatin, 
 *' Lnerr.nm{\ lay) the fepukhreof V./lfrica«us fliouIdbeleen.Let usblufli foe very fhamcthac- 
 *' r-.P.i«/«/,asheiseq\]ilto them in glory and honor fhould likewife go with. them and have hi:-. 
 " pare of your hard and wrongful dealing. The firlf thing that ye do the n,let be this:Out vyith this 
 " fpoi JiRain ofinfamy which ye have caughi;fo rcDroachful in regard ofotbcr nations lo hurt-^ ■ 
 ^? full to your lehes.For who wil ever hereafter wiQi to, be like /)'/r;aj««j?who will ende^vp.r i<>^ 
 
 ■ ■ ' '^ Teierable 
 
 CC 
 
 (c 
 « 
 
 CC 
 
 ce
 
 nS2 Ibefite and fortieth Boo{of T.Livius. 
 
 ■' refemble L.Paulns, in a City fo unthankful, nayio fpiteful and malicious to all good men ? Say ti 
 t' there were'noqueBion at all ot infamy and obloquy, but cl honor only ardreputationj tell me 
 t' (1 befeech you) is there any triumph that comprifeth not the glory alio of the Roman name?So 
 i< many triumphs over the Gauls,fo many again over the Spaniards,and fo many over theCanha- . 
 <t oiniansjare they reputed and called the triumphs of the Captains aloncjand not likewife of the 
 (t people oiRome ? And like as we fay,that we triumphed not over Pyrrhnt only, nor over ^««i- 
 ti i'al,bui over the Epirots likewife and the Carthaginians: even fo neither/^/. Cwim alone, nor 
 ti P. Cor;jf///«5but the Romans alfo have triumphed. Trueitis.and Imuft needsfayjthatthefoul- 
 tc diers have a proper intercfl and part by themleU es,in that they slone (dight with branches and 
 tcchaplets of laurel, and e\ery one bravely to be feen and adorned with the gifts that have been . 
 a given them)refound lo Triumphejo Ttitimphe,3Jad as they pafs along the City fing and chant the I' 
 ti prailes of themfelves and of their Captain- Generals. And if it fortune at any time that the foul- 
 « diers be not brought home out of the proving e to the triumph, they grumble & aredifconten- 
 tc ted:& yet notwith(ianding,abfent though they be,thcy think it is their duc:andr .cngas their 
 ti General and leadertriiimpbcih, they triumph alfo, becaufe the vi^ory wa!^ -.^tiieved by the 
 tj (Irenoth ofthcir arms.Good fouldietSjii a man fhould ask yoii,for what intent you were rc>.on- 
 ,^ dueled into /M/;?and wherfore fo loon as the fervice was performed and the war brought to an 
 ' end, ye had not prclently your congy ot difchargc? moreover to what purpofe ye came by com- 
 " panics and fquadrons under your enf.gns and colorsrior what coufeye ftay and remain here, and 
 \go not every man his vvaie'; to his own home? what anfwer would ye make elfe, but, Thatye . 
 'j would be feen in trlumph'And to fay a truth fince ye have won the vidory and are conquerors, g 
 
 I cannot blame you;nay,ye ought to dehrefor to be feen and feen again. It is not long fmce we 
 ''triumphed over P^///)Cthis mans father) and over yJwf/ooW likevyife: and reigned both they 
 \dida5KK. when the triumph was: and fliall there be no folemnity of triumph over Pfr/f«*, 
 ""'taken prifoner and brought captive with his children into the CityrIfI..PW«»,(landing beneath 
 " as a privat pcrfon( oneamongH thecompany of gowned citiiens)feeing L.Anicitu zndCu'OUa- 
 " v'.Hs arraied fumptuoufly in cloth ofgold, and in their rich purple robes and mantles of eflate, 
 " mounting up the Capitol in their triumphantchariots, fhould ask them ihequefiion and fay in 
 
 this manner : Te 1 mt^O Lucius Amcms and you Cf.Ocl.iviut, judg ye in your own conceit that 
 
 you are more worthy of a triumph than I? They would no doubt come down each one out of 
 *'[ his chariot and yeeld him their place,yea,and for very fliame deliver up all their enfigns and or-- • 
 
 nsments unto him. And you Qnirites,had you rather Ice Ceniiw than Perjeus led in triumph ? 
 *' would you willi indeed to triumph for an accidental appendant only of the war^rather than for 
 ' the mainfubflance of the warrShall the legions coming out ot5c/rfiio»/^,3nd the mariners at fea, 
 *' enrer the City crowned with laurel garlands ; and the legions out of Macedoyiy^ being denied 
 *' their own triumph ftand (li!l and behold others to triumph ? Moreover, what fhall become of 
 *' that rich booty ? what fliallbe done with the fpoils of that great and wealthy victory ? where 
 *' iTiall he bellowed and laid up fo many thoufand corflets and armors plucked from the bodies of 
 '' enemies flainrShall they be fcnt back again into Aiacedoyiy-'Jhofc coHly images cfgold,of mar- 
 "b!e,of ivory;thofe goodly fair pii^uresahofe pretious clothes and hangings of purple,fcarlet,and' 
 *' tiflue; that mighty quantity of gold and filver wrought into veffels chafed and engraven ; that ' 
 "huge mafs of t he Kirf,$ mony and coin, what fiiall we do with it?What?fhall it be carried all by ^ 
 " night as Holn goods into t he publicktreafury and Cit) Chamber? The goodlieft fight of all the 
 ** reri,vv!ut fay you to it?A moll noble & puiflartKing h taken prifonerjwhere fhall he be fliewcd ■ 
 "to the people of Rowe his conqueror? What running whst concourfe there was of people to fee 
 " K.5}pi.ivcaptivc(&ycthevvas bur anacceffjry to the lunickwar) mort of ns do wellremem- 
 " ber. Shall Y .Perftftt ibcn^a prifonerandcaptivc;fhall /"/.vZ/pand Alexay:der h\s fons, (perfons of 
 *' fo great name) be hidden and kept from the fight and eyes of the City? And there were no more 
 '" but L.t^mylnis him!elf,t vviceConful the conqueror ii lubduer of Gr^'fre allmen would defire 
 *' to fee him enter the City in fis triumphant chariot. We created him Cof. for this intent that he 
 '■'■ fhould finlfliand determin this W3r,which to your difhonor.-nd great fhame had hung for the U 
 "•' fpaceor4 years. To him then who ('at what time as the lot ofthat province fell unto him- and 
 *' when he departed on his voiage from Rnmc) had all our hearts to prefage viftory and triumph, 
 " fhall we now deny triumph when he hath the victory? And verily in fo doing,we fliall not only 
 " def'raud men-but rob the gods alfo of their honor ; for due it is to the very gods alfo and not to 
 *' menalone. Have not your ancellors ever ufedtC'enterprile all greacafJairs inthenameofthcv' 
 " pods firfl & therin alfo to end laflPThe Cof.or Pretor when he is to rake his journy into bis pro-. 
 *'vince or to levy war.wiih hisLitSlors before him clad in theircoats of arms.is ever wont to make.,, 
 "his folcmnvows in the Capitol: after he hath acquit himfe.f of his charge and obtained viftory,^ 
 '' when as he triumpheth,he transferreih in pomp the rich prefents of the people ofRowefo well 
 *' deferved and offereth them to the lame gods in thefaid Capitol,unto whom there firfl he pro- 5^'^ 
 ' nounced his vows. And the beafls for facrifice going before the pompofrriumph,areBoi theleaftp 
 '' part ot this fo!emnity:that it may appear. how the General in his return is mindful ofthegodSj&;j 
 '• rendreth thanks unto them for the happv managing of the affairs of Commonweal. As for thofef 
 
 * beaHs for facrifice which he hath appointed robe (hewed in the pompof triumph, flay tbennj' 
 
 * neither makf s it matter whole hand doth it:fome kil one & feme another,but thofefacred viands 
 " oftheSenar, which are not to be eaten in any privat houfe, nor inpublick place unhallowed,' 
 
 '<bor ./
 
 '/ be five an(lfi)rtietb Boo\ of TXivius. ^ 8 j 
 
 A ''but only in the Capitol; and therejnocfortheplealiireofmeDjbiit ofGodsand men together, 
 '* will ye trouble and impeach at the luggeliion oiServitu Galba} Shall the gates be flun asaitift 
 *' the triumph ot L.PaultiS^ihiW Pcrjew King ofthe Ma^edonians,with his children and the mul- 
 *'titudebe(ides of captives, with the fpoilsot the M.v.edonians, be left 'behind atiherivcrlide ? 
 " fliall L,Patilns°o dire»Aly from the City gare hometo his hou "e as a privat pei !on,like one tha: 
 '* hath been abroad in the countrcy to fee his tjrm,and is newly rcturncdPBut thonCenturion and 
 " thou I'ouldierjgive ear,I advil'e thee, to the ordinance which the Senat haih decreed as tonchintT 
 "the General P.w/wjather than to the vain i^tz^hoi Serv.Gjlba: hearken co this that J fjy the 
 "wo^i.ratherthanhe. Aslorhimjhe hath learned nought ell'e but to prate and talk-andihat to 
 " the depraving of others lull malicioufly. I tell theejought have I witli mine enemies even upon 
 B" defiance given twenty times and three; done 1 have my devoir, and from them all that were in 
 " combat with me, I never failed but carried away their fpoils;! bear the marks about me of many 
 "a wound, and the honorable fears thcrof are to befeen,allofthcm in thebreali and forepart ot 
 ''my body. At which wordjtheyfay,he bared his njkedskin,and related vvithalm what battel he 
 "had received this or that wound. Nowashefhewedthefe fear.?, and chanced to difcover fome 
 "parts that better I wis and more honeftly had been unfeen,and therewith, a * bunch orfwellirg Bs'^scytsifA* 
 '' of 1 rupture that he had in liis groin, wherat fome of them that (locd nejit unto him took up a Hc'miaziira- 
 "laughter.then fqd.he^even this that you have cfpicd herejard make fuch game ar,T caught with nicx ivmhu. 
 " a (irain, riding continually as I did, and never from my horfeback day nor night: and no more ^''''••^■"he gats' 
 "afhamed I am and difpleakd with my felf for that in!. rmity, than for thefe fears which you here ih^c'^p^r^"" '^ 
 C "fee ,- (incethat it never vyas any impediment unto me in performing my fervice toihs Common- diitcntiun or" 
 " weal eitherin civil affairs of City, or in warfare abroad. Weil.lanoldfervitor.bavebeencon- bjtfting cf 
 *' tent here to fl^evv unto y org men and raw fouldiers, mybody, many a time and often hacked, ''^c'T""* 
 " pierced and flaflied with the fword. Let CUlbanow lay b; re that whole skin othis own fo flick 
 ** and fair. Now my mailers, you that arc Tribuns-, call the tribe; again to the fcrntinvjind take 
 •• their voiccs.As forme [down I will,and go after the fonldiers hnrd at heels.Know I will which 
 '•be thofe lewd and unthankful companions that had rather be foothed up and flattered in the 
 '' warsbymutinousperfons, than fervcunderthemartialdifi^inlineoftheir General.] * ^ Aliwiihiii ' 
 
 » . _ ♦ _ » » , thflc marks 
 
 f^J.rim A>7ii'ts reporteth, That the fum of all the gold and lilver taken in pillage and c.irried in C ] '•' fTp'^d 
 D thepompofthis triumph, amountedtotheworth of i 20 millions of Seder e<. Which mafsjno " " '' °'"" 
 doubt, arifeth much greater by the proportion of thenumber of wains, and the poises both of whaiwanwi^h 
 gold and (liver by the fame author letdown in general films. And as fome have reco;ded,^e either 'x'ltie, imme- 
 fpent in the war nextbefore, or elfefcatteredand loll inhisflight whcnhcmadehali toS.rwo- 'iiatiyaf.er 
 tlracr, as much again as that came to. And the more wonder it was, that fo mighty a mal's of 'hisOranon, 
 money had beengathered and heaped up within thirty years after the war between Phi/pand i^d "fY,^ d'.faip- 
 Romans, raifedpart out ofthe iflue andin>:omb ofhis metal mines, and parcout of other profits tion'ot i>jHtH3 
 and tributs. Thus Philip very bare of money, and 'Tcrfm contrary-wife exceeding rich . began to '"s triu-uph. 
 make war with the Romans. Laft of illy P.huIw himlelfrodeinhis chnriot. carrying a great pore 
 and majeHy with him.both for his comely and perfonable body and alio for his revL^rent old aoco 
 li After hischariot, among ether honorable perfonages rode his two fons, Q, Mc-.x-.m to: ar\d P.Sci- 
 pio, Thenfollowed thehorfemenby troops, and the footmen by their cohorts and companies, 
 every one keeping their ranks full decently. The footmen had given them a hundred Seiicrces 
 apeece, the Centurions double,and the horfemen triple fo much. And itis t bought, that he rneani: 
 to have given the footmen afmuch as the moft, and totherelf in proportion, in cafe they either 
 had not denied his honour by their voices, orifin token ofihankfulnefs and joy, thcyhadbuc 
 willingly and cheerfully fhouted,when this fum which they received was pronounced and related 
 unto them. And not F^r/fw alone (led as he was through theenemies City in chains before the 
 triumphant chariot ofthe conqueror)but alto Paulw himfelfthc conqueror glirtering fo gloriou- 
 llyin his cloth of gold and coUly purple,wasamirrorto the word in thofe few daics,ofthetrnrn- 
 Ftory and mutabledateof mans life. For of thofe two fons, whom (after he had given theoihcs: 
 two by way of adoption from himfelf) he kept alone at home as heirs to beir his name, to main- 
 tain the facred rites and facrifices of his family, and to uphold rhehoufeit felf. theyorger aRtip- 
 ling under twelve years o( age, five dales before his triumph died, and tleelderful! fourteen years 
 old and more, departed within three dales after the triumph. Which two yomh indeed ought ^ 
 
 to have been arraicd in their embrodered robes of purple, and fo to have ridden in the charioi; 
 with their father, predeff ining and aiming to themfclves thelike triumphs another dnv. 
 
 Some few dales after, M.Axtonnu a Tribune ofthe Commons alfemhled a folemn audience of 
 the people for his fake, wherein when after the manner and cnHome ofother Generals he flionld 
 difcourfe of his ownexploits and worthy ai\s, he made unto ihem a memorable Oration and 
 G wellbefeeminga ooble Roman Prince, to his effect. "Albeit lfuppofe(onorh be) my n.=ighbors The OfarJcij 
 *' and fritnds, the citizens ofthis noble City, you be not ignorant, both how happily 1 ..avead- of L. /£»>;/;«« 
 "miniftred the weal publick and alio how uufortunuly within thefe few dales two thunderbolts "J '*'' P<^r's 
 "have fliaken my private houfe, as havingone while beheld ihegoodlyflievv and pompofmy ° """'' 
 " triumph telHffing the one, and feenanotherwhile the wohiU funerals and obfequies of my two 
 " fons declaring the other ; yet Ibeleech yon fuffer me with that fmglenefs of heart and affeition, , 
 
 '■'^ as 1 ought, 10 make a brief comparifon between mine own particular privatefonune, and the ^ 
 
 Pppp publick
 
 084 Jbe five and fortieth BoolldfTlAyms. 
 
 *' publick felicity of the City. At my dq)arture from Italy-, I loofed from Br«>?</«/j«w,and fee up failH 
 "atthcfun-rifiDg: by the ninth hour of rhe fame day I arrived fafewith all my ftiips at CcrpAw, 
 "The fifth day after I came to Df/p/);, where I facriftcedunto^/is//«5formy felf/otyout armies 
 " and your navy. From Delphi 1 depahed,and within five daies was in the leaguer. Where,aftcr 
 <' I had received the charge ofthe army, and altered feme things which might greatly have hin- 
 *' dered the victory, 1 marched forward, forthat the enemies camp was inexpugnable, and the 
 •* King could not be forced by any means to fight : and piercing through his guards that kept the 
 " paflage, I went as faras Ptrr.i: fo as by this means havingperforccdrawn the King to fight, I 
 *' vanquiflied him in plain field and ranged battel. AJ^wedonylinhdaed, andbrought it infubj^- 
 ^ftiontothepeopleof /?owf. Finally, that war which for four years together other Gonfulsbc- 
 *• fore me fo managed, as each one left it ever to his fucceffor worfe than he found it, latchieved I 
 *' andbrought to a final end in fifteen daies. 1 followed then in this train otberprofperousaffiirs, 
 *' as the fruits enfuing of that viflory. For all the Cities of A/,-rf^9«7y eelded unto mc.TbeKngs 
 <*ireafiire I feized upon : the King in perfon (as if the very Gods themlelves had delivered ard 
 *' put him into my hands) I took prifoner, with his fons in the Temple ofthe Samothratians. But 
 *' then my heart mifgave me, and even then I fufpe(5led the furpa (Ting favour of my good fortune: 
 "then cart 1 doubts, arid begin to fear the dangers at fea, having fo mighty a mafs of thelhings 
 *' treafure to tran'port,and my vidtorious army to reconduft back into Jialy.htti feeing all things 
 « fal; out to hearts de(ire,a profperous voiage,a fate arival ind whatfcevtr 1 coud pray forat the 
 *■<■ Gods hands ; this I wiflied in my heart, (as knowing full well the wonted manner of fortune, 
 '• when fiie is at the highelt pitch, to turn back again and come as faHdown) that mine own i^ 
 '^ houfe, rather than the Common-weal, might feel that change and alteration whenfoeverit 
 *^ came. And therefore I hope that this fo notable a calamity of mine own,fhall excufe the City 
 
 * for having any other misfortune, fini:e that my triumph ('asit were to check and mock the 
 '•changes of this worlds hath falnfo juft between the funer.5ls of my two fons. See how I and 
 «• Perseus are reprefentcd above all others for two notable examples ofthe frail and unftable con- 
 *'ditionofman. Lohovv he.whobeing a prifoner himfelf.faw his fons likewifeled captives before 
 " his face, hath them yet living found and fafe: and I, who have triumphed over him, came from 
 " the buria: of one ot my fons to ride in my v.harict up to the Capitol, and firom thence defcen- 
 *'ded again to find the other lying at point of death: neither is thereof all that fair iffue that I . 
 " had,onelefttobearthe rums ol LJ'aultts JEmylif^s. For two of them the houfe ofthe Cor>;r/// £ 
 
 * and the f.i^V have, unto whom I gave them in adoption, as out of a great race and breed of 
 *• chiWren : fo as now, in the family of fautus there is not one left but himfelf. Howbeit for this 
 «■ calamity 3rd ruin of my houfc, your felicity and the happy eH ate ofthe City is a great comfort 
 *^ and confnlation again. Thefe words de ivered with fuch a magnanimity,rroubled thefpiritsof 
 the nidiiots md aUonied them more, than if he had lamentably moned himlelf unto them with 
 piteous tears, lor hischildlefselfate and defolat condition, 
 
 C.Ociav us folemnized his naval triumph over King Perfeusihtfitd day 6{Deceml>er:m which 
 folemnity heneither had prifoners led in fhew, nor fpoils carried in pomp. He gave tohismari- ' 
 ners and failersfe\enty and five Denarii apeece ; to every pilot double, and to thefhip-maflers 
 four times as much. After this the Senat affembled, and the LL. ordained, That Q^C^i/fius (hovld M 
 lead King Pcrfeuswkh his fon y//c'.v.««^fr, together with his train that accompanied hit\i, asalfo 
 ' bring all his money and goods, filver, or what moveables and furniture foever he had to yiHra, 
 
 there to be kept in furecuHody. B it u ihcKin^s (on oi T hmce, with thehoHages was fentto 
 Carfcoli-, there to lie in fafe ward. Asfor the reft of the captives who had been led in triumph, 
 thought good it was theyfhouldbe dapt up fafl in prifon. 
 
 Some tew dayes after thele things, there arrivedEmbaffadors from Cotjrs King ofthe Thracians, 
 bringing with them money for the ranfome of his Ion and the other hoftages. Into the Senat they 
 werebrought ; where,by way ofpreamblc they laid thisfor the ground cftheir fpeech,That ^or;* 
 hidnotfidcd with King /'^r/^«nn the war, upon his own motive and accord, butwascompel- 
 ledtogive holfages: then ihcy befought the LL. o^" the Senate to foffer them to be redeemed at pj 
 what price foever they would let down, were it never fo high. Unto whom this anfwer was re- 
 turneci by authority of the Senat, " Thatthepeople of i^owf bare well inmind the amity which 
 *' they had with Cor; J, with his progenitors, and the whole nation of the Thracians. As for the 
 *' giving of the ho(l?ges, it was rather an evidence to prove, than an argument to excufe iheit 
 ** trcfpafs nnd fault : confidering that when /'f//f»,f was quiet, theThraciannationrtood inno 
 ♦• fear md aw of him, much leffe then,when as he was troubled and occupied in war with the Ro- 
 *'mans. flowbeit although Cor;^ preferred the favour of /"fr/fwj before the friendfhip ofthe peo- 
 " pie 01' R »»?, yet they would conlidcr ofthe matter, and refpetSl more his quality and what was 
 •■ meet forhisertate, than his defert and what he was worthy tohave-andtheretore they would - 
 " releafc his fon and the hofiages,and fend them home again. As for the people of i?d>w^,their man- O 
 *'• ner is to bcftow tiieir lavours and benefits freely without regard of recompence: rhe worth and 
 " eflimation whereof they had rather leavetothe confideration and mind:i ofthereceivers,than 
 "require and demand the lame prefently. Sothere were Embafladours nominated to reconduft 
 the hoRages 'ntf) Thrace to W\x.-,T.Quiutius Fhmimus.C.Liciyiius Nerva,3nA M.Ci>mn:us Rehilut, 
 And tothofeThracian Embaffadours were given by way of prefems 2000 aflesapeece. So Bitit 
 with the reft of thithollages was fentfor fromC<«r/e(7/»,and with the fore-named Embaffadors re- 
 lumed again to his lather. The
 
 J he five andfi)rtietb Bool^ of TXivius. 
 
 A The Kings fhips taken from theMacedonians,ot an extraordinary and monlJrous bignes befoi'-c 
 . titnc,were landed upon Mars^ddiud there laid up drie.VVhiiesthelareremembranw of the Ma- 
 - cedonian triumph remained ftill not in the minds only, but as it were in the \ cry evea of met), 
 L.AnidH' triumphed overKing Gentnuznd the Ulyrians upon the very djy of the teaft ' Oi!,ri„g!. ' J;^ ■/ ■• 
 //4.1t was generally thought that all things therein rather rcl'embled I'omc likenes in llicvv,cli?n * ff«*»5f^»5M 
 othervvife countervailed in fubltance the tormer triumph. 1 he General himieit yi>7icii!s w^s'infe- [J'/ '°^' j'^t'^ 
 jior to i£»,;//«* both in nobility and alio m quality of perfon: and letting together their placfis uplah; ,3 
 ol command, the one being but Pretor,and.the other Conlul; neither was Gr«r;/« equal to Per- ^il'fu^:\ 
 /(fo^rnor the Ulyrians to the Macedonians. Spoilforfpoil, money for money gifts for "itis. there 
 waj no proportion nor comparilbnbetween them. And therefore as that trefii late triumph wjs 
 ^ B more refplendent and glorious than chisjfo confidered in it lelf without other rcfpect.it was nc-t. 
 to be found fault withal and defpifed. Anicitts within tew daies had vanquiiLed and throuphr/ 
 tamed the nation of the Ulyrians; both by Sea and Land proud and mighty, bearing tliemfeUes 
 ftout and bold for their flrong and fenced forts. The King he took prifoncr and thofs''of the Klnsis 
 race and roial blood. He fhewed in triumph many field-enligns, belides other fpoils andmovea- 
 blelgoodsoftheKing. Likewifeofgold fevenand twenty pound weight, ard ot filver nineteert ; 
 belides 5000 Denarii, and a hundred and twenty thoufand peeces of Iliyrian fih cr m coin. BefcK 
 his chariot were led King CentiHS with his wife and children; Carava^ciHS aifu tiie Kin 'S brother. 
 and certain noblemen of //lyrjcum. Om ot the pillage he gave unto his footmen 45 Denarii apcece^ 
 to every Centurion a double proportion, and unto the horfemena triple. To t he allies of the La-- 
 C tine nation he allowed afmuch as to citizens ; the failers and mariners he made equal with tht 
 footmen. Herein he furmoumed the triumph o^v/Emybtn., forthat bis louldier, followed after 
 histriumphantchariot more jocund and merry and the General wa/prail'ed and extolled in r.ianv 
 a ditty and ballad. A nt i m vimti\\, Thatof his booty there was railed as much money as came 
 ro twenty millions of Seftertii, over and above the gold and filver that went into the common 
 ireafury. But becaufel could not fee how poilibly luUi afum fliould bemade, Ihavefetdown 
 mine author for the thing, now, chufe you whether you will believe him. King Gentttt: with his 
 wife, children, and brother, was by order from the Senat led to .^^(■^/ff/w^i, there to be kept iii 
 ward ; all the captives befides were at AW;? C3rt.intoprifon,and thereby. But when theSpoJe- 
 tinsrefuled to take the charge and cuflody of him and the red, thefc Princes were iranflated from 
 P thence to Iglturvium. There remained belides of the lilyrian prizes two hundred and twemy 
 barks, which being taken irom King GetituHi Q^ Cajftmh^ theordinan.e ol theSenat gave and 
 dilfributed among the citizens of Cor;)/3«, /fpa//.;»;.z, and £);Tr/x(o'j;»/>;, . . 
 
 The Confulsthat year after they had only waHed the ceriitories of the Ligurians, becaiifechey 
 could nevertrain theenemies forth to fight, having done no memorable fervi. e,returned to /?^»,e 
 ■ for the choice of new Magilf rats in theroom ofiheold. Andfo the firitcomiiialor court day 
 that came,they created Conluis M.CLtudias Marcelltts and C.Sulpitius Callus, The morrow aftec 
 were elefted ior Pretors L.LiviHs^L.Jpaleius SAtuminHs, A-Licinhts Nirv. P.RuriliusCdhus, 
 P. Quintilitis f^arus, and Afarcett Foweius. Thefe Pretors had their government in thi^ mantfef : 
 two forthe jurifdi«5lion within the City, two for Sfan. iheothertor Sicily and Sa>di>ii.i. This 
 E year leapt, and the leap day was the morrow after the feaft Tern?if..Tl:.;. That year died CClmi- / 
 
 ditts theAugur,andinhisplacethecolledgofthe AugurschofeT;^</,;f/«/ Fl.imu.tKn!. Alio M, / 
 
 F.?^/'«/Pretor theFlaminot j^«>r/««^ the fame year departed thisli'e. T'lis year alfo cameKiiv' 
 Pru/iiU 10 Rome with his ion Ntcomcdes. Heentred into the City with a great train aftendinoup'- 
 
 on him: from thegatehe went direftly to the common place and the tVihnnal ot\Q. c^/y^j^ci he 
 Pretor. And when there was a great conrourfe of people about him from all parts ; he laid chac 
 his coming was to worfhip the Gods which are the prendents of the City of Roffie, as alfo to fa- 
 lute the people of Ror>K, and withal to fliewhisown joy and to wiili theirs for their happy vi- 
 ilory over the two Kings Tfj-yf-'u and G;;.-;;«.f,and forthat by fubdninjitheMacedoniansand Illy- 
 rians,they had enlarged their licgnory and dominion. And when the Prccor mnde an offer to call 
 
 p aSenatfor him even that prefent day if he would fohimfelf;hedefired two d ties refpit to fee the 
 Temples of the Gods,to view :he City,and to vifit his good friends and acqiuinrance, [..Coyndf- 
 tis Sc/;)wthetreafurer was appointed logo about with him and fhew him all : who alio had been 
 fent as far as to C.ip'.t tortomeet him upon the way : alio for him and his train about '. im, there 
 was a fuffiuenthoufe taken up, where tie w-« kindly and liberally intertained. The third day af- 
 ter became into theSenat where after he had congratulated in iheirbehall for their late vidlory, 
 he recounted his own demerits and good deferts during the war: and then rcquefted, that he 
 might have leave to pay his vows and namely to facrificeat A'owfinthe C3pitol,tcn head of?,rea- 
 terbeafts,and one at Prenefl loFortum. Forthat he faidthofe vows were made for the vii^ory" 
 of the people of Rome. Alio thatthc league and alliane with him mightbe renucd. /rfw thatibe 
 
 Gland won by conqueft from King Antiochns^ which being not by the people of Ai7?Mi?"ivenunto 
 any, the Gauls notwithftandinu held inpofleirion,might becon^cicdunto him by adeedofoiff, 
 Laft of all,he recommended his fon Ntcomedesio the Senat. He found mn: h favor a mora ail thc^i - 
 who had been Generals of armies in A'taCcdony. And therefore be obtained direftiy ill other fui^s 
 that he made: only as touching the laid lands, thisanfwcrhe had. Thai they would fend certain 
 commilTtonersto fee and view the thing, " And ifit appeared and fell cut, thac the forefaidlaiid 
 " tppertained to the people oi Rcme, and was not pafied away by gift to any alr^ady.they vvnu.'d'i 
 
 P p p p 2 repufr
 
 iSd The five and fortieth Boof^ofTlAvms. 
 
 ••repute Kiug Pr»/iai the vvorthieft man of all other, to receive that denation at their hands.H 
 "But it it never belonged to King ^»f/oJj«/, and lb was plain and evident that the people of 
 " Rome had no right unto it, or if theGauls had a grant thereof aiready,Frwy;rf^ then muff be con- 
 *■ tent and pardon them, if they were unwilling to gratify him with any gifts prejudich! and in- 
 " jurious to another. Neither could a thing never to freely ^i\ en, be an acceptable gift, which he. 
 " knew the <^i?«o/- may take away from the ^o;«ce at his pleauire. As (oi Nicomeda his ioti) they x 
 *' vvould willingly receive him into their proteftion at his hands fo recommended. And how 
 " careful and tender the people oiRomc was over Kin^s children committed unto them to keep, 
 " may appear by PtobmaHs the King oi&gyft. With this anfvver was Prufios difmiffed, Order was 
 I'iveii that he lliould be prefenced with a certain fumme of felkrces, and with filver plate to the 
 quantity ot 50 pound weight. Alfo they ordained that his ionNicomed.'s {hould have gitts pro- I 
 portionable to that fum whi- h was given Mafgaba the fon of Mi'fMiffa ; alfo that bcaiis and all 
 other things appertaining to facrificesjfliould be allowed unto the King out of the City-chamber, 
 like as to the magillrats of ^owf,chufe whether he would flay and ofler them at Rome or Prencftt, 
 Alfothai out otthat fleet wbieh rid in the harbor of iiVw.^^w^ww, there fhould be twentygallies 
 alTi^ned him to ofe, until fuch time as the King were arrived at the fleet which was given him. 
 l-'inally, that L.Co-.yiLtn Scipto {\^ou\d accompany him and never depart from him, but bear the 
 charges both of him and his retmue about him until they were embarked and on fhipboord. It 
 is faid, that the King joied wonderoully at this courteiy and kindnes offered him by the people 
 .oi Rome and that he would needs pay for thofe prefents which were given him : only hecomman- 
 ded his fon to take a gift at the hands o! the people of Rom-.lhwi much ha-v e our Hiliorians writ-jj 
 ten as touching K.PrnfJi'j. But Pdybim reporteth-that this King was unworthy theMajefly offo 
 honorable a name, for that he was wont to meetthe Embafladors of Rome with his head (haven 
 and acapuponif.alfoto acknowledg and call himfelf the freed villain and vaffal of the people of 
 -S5».'e,and to telfiiylb much, he worethebadg and tokenof that degree and condition. At Rome 
 likewife whenheentred the Conncel-houre,he (looped downand kifled the very doct-fiUjCalling 
 the Senators Gods, hi; Saviors,yea,and to have ufed other fpeeches not fo honorable to the hea- 
 rers, as b'.fe and unfitting hisownperfon. When he had lojoutned in and about the City nota- 
 bove thirty dales, he took his leave and departed into bis own Realm. 
 
 To the Reader. 
 
 FRom the jhe md fortieth hook forypard, all the refl ofLiyy (to the great 
 tnaim and blemijJj of the Latine tongue ^ andnojmallgrief of learned 
 men) u loflj eyen 100 books '^anting fiye, like cu thofe ten bifkeenthe 
 .tenth and one andfii^entieth books ^ commonly calltdthefecond Decad, For (is it m 
 <ippearethby L.Florus the Epitomiji^there Ti'ere in aQ 140 : andthc arguments 
 cffo many remain at this day^ by him collected, '^ut if it be true that Francis 
 ^etrzTch faith, Levy "^roteinaU 143 : and as Charles Sigonius probably coih 
 jeBurethj the 56 and ]7 BreViaries o/L.florus be -^antingofthislatir number* 
 Ho"^ all theje complete books cf T- Lhius JJ^ould mifcarryt it ii not certainly 
 kno'^n. Somehope there u-.tbatthey are butmis-cafl and laid out of the tvay. For 
 like M 'Within thefe huniredyears fome fragments of thefiory yfere difcoyered\\ 
 in Mogunce • andthc bftfive books nosip extant^ found by Simon Grinaeus in 
 the Library of a monaflery o'ver-againfi the QtyofWorms^ and dedicated by 
 Erafmusc/ Rotterdam «»ro Charlesi^/;^; Jos 0/ William Lor^Moncjoy,i» 
 the reign r/Henry the eight of famous memory K. of Englandj«i7<?' fo ype are 
 notto dej pair of the refl. In the mean time-, -^e mufl make much of thefe brief 
 fummaries left unto m. Ey>en cu therefore Ihaipe inferted thojeten Breyiariesin 
 fiead of the books : (0 I thought it not amifs (in hope that one day the «very books O 
 themfehes TS-ifl come to light) to proceed in the reftfoUomng : andthe rather ^for 
 that neither he that tr an fated Li vy into the Tufcan language, nor they who haye 
 dmc him into drench {(Li far cu I could eyerjee) haye taken that pains. 
 
 The
 
 98; 
 
 The Breviaries of h.Ploms upon the reft of T.Livms bis 
 Bool^y which are not extant. 
 
 Of che XL V.I. Book. 
 
 EUtnenes came tmvards Rome. Now becanfe in the A'facedonia;: war be h^J carried hirnlelj in" 
 different between Perfeus and the Ronans-, there pitted a laiv tn q^eneral terms, Th.Jt no Kine 
 might rcp.tir to Rome ; te the end, that if he were excluded, he jhonid not ht rcpmedan ene- 
 my J nor if he were admitted, accjuit and cleercd of all fuu/t. CI. MiTcelius the Ccnftiifuh- 
 ditedthe G^hls inhatitmgthe A\\)Si and C.Sulpitius Gallus the Ligitriatis. The Embajf.j.orsof Kino- 
 Frufias comfLiined e/£umenes, for that he invaded andwi'jied their borders ," and they informed be- 
 Jides-tb^U l.e h.idconlpiredivith Ar)UOC\iUsk?^ainfi the people of Rome. At the ear>irfl fuit a^identrc^" 
 ty of the Rhodians, a /ea^tie was contracted with them, 'fhe Cenfors tookji review andfttrvsy of the City', 
 wherein were enrolled and feffed 327022 Citiz,cns 1/ Rome. M. .■£myliiis Lepidi/S ivoi eUEledp^efi- 
 difit of the Senat. Ptolomitis the Kin^ of the tyEjrjpiians-,wa4 Ij hn jo^g^er brother eApclhdout of hit 
 rcrlm, but by the means of EmbaffAdors [ftnl from Rome) he was rtjforedto his Ki-/iffdom, Upon the 
 death of h^niuhzs King of Czppidoc'ii, his Jon Ariarathes cameto the crown and by enter courfe axd 
 mediation of Emb.-ff^idors, renewedamity with the people of Rome, This book__co:itai;icth bcfid.s^ the 
 WArs againfi the Ligurians, Cor ft am-, and LufitaninnS, fought with vart :ble fortune : the troubles alfo 
 jwSyria after the de*th of Ani\0<i):\\^s^ who lefc behind him Aniiochus/^M/o/?,^ zery child. This yong 
 Prince {together with hit guardian I yC\i?J Demetrius thejon rf SeleuciH {who h.rd been f em in ho- 
 (fage to Rome) murdredprizily-ibecaufe he was r.ot fet at targe anddfmiffedbythe Ror>;a;ii: andfo him" 
 ftfcntredtipon the Kingdom. L.i£myliils Pauliis who hadconqisered Pcifeus, depart edt'r-s lif. ; whofe 
 incorrupt ion and abfiinen:e from the pnblickjreffAre wasfiich^ tha' notwithft abiding he had hronoht. 
 both out of Spain <t»^Macedooy fo qreat fiore 0^ wealth a drirles^ yet when his goods werepri^^ed and 
 fold, therewoiild be h^'.rdlj raifed thereof fuffctent to repay his wife her dowry. The Pomptiiie n:a/-i(hef 
 were drawn drie by Co:. Qzihz^ViS the Confiil (jintovfhom that charge was by lot fi:ln)aKd the ftt^se 
 turned into firm gre:i>:d. 
 
 Of the XXVII. Book. 
 
 CNeus Tremellius a Tribune of the Commons had a fine fet on his head-, for that he had contended 
 in a wrongful caufe with M. /Emylius Lepidus thejoveraign Pont 1 fie. The power and authority of 
 the clergie Mtiqtfi'ats, was greater and mightier thai before. A law was encEled as touchinq^ inordi- 
 nate fuit for offices. In thefurvey oft he Cityj there were taxed in the fubfjdy book^ 328314 Roman ci- 
 tiz,ens. L. Emylius Lepidus was chofen again pre /idem of the Senat. Between the two brethren Pco- 
 lomeeS, jv/o were at variance^ there jafftd this accord and agreement^ Thattheonefhoy.ldrcrfnin 
 iiEgypt a-rdthe other in Cyrenx. Ariarathus King n/Cappadocia, by the politick, plot and forcible 
 power fl^^Demetrius J^mg e/Syria dilpojfeffed of his Kingdom^ was by the Scnatfet into it again. Cer- 
 tain Embaffadort were fent as delcgats from the Sen.it to determine of the litigwut around beiwecit Ma- 
 lanifla and the Carthaginians. C. Manius the C on fal fought agatnft the Dalmaiiani. at the fir/} ttn- 
 fortunatly^ bnt nfrerwardt atchievedthe victory. 7 he occafion of the war with them was this i f<- ■ that 
 they had made wafl upon the Itlynans, who were allies of the people f/Rome, Thef.ime nation Corne- 
 lius "^Z^yCithe Conful i'rought m fnbje[iion. (!X:C>p\m\US the Co^ful fubdued the Lig'irians bevo^dthe 
 Alps, who had fpoilcd i\ni\po\h andNkxi, twoJowns belonging to the feignory of the '-/ajftl:.'^s. 
 Moreover^here are containedthe adventures of many Captains tn Spainjip/'r/; nogooj fuccrfi. In the 59S 
 year from the foundation of the City, the Confuls fo foon as the affemllyfor elcttion was p if}-,^>:d other 
 Confuls chofen for the year following^ began their effce. The caufeof this alterattonwas U'ecaufi the 
 Spaniards were entred into rebellion. The Embaffadort aforrfaid who had been fent to taks up and de- 
 cide the controverfy bctweenMiizmffi and the Carthaginians-, made report,That they had found "reat 
 fiore of [hip-timber and other matters for a navy at Carthage. Certain Pretors accufed by the provinces 
 for avarice y were condemned. 
 
 Of the XL VI II. Book, 
 
 T He Cenfors took^ a review and tax of the rity,whereinwere reeh^ncdthree hundrrdfour and twenty 
 thoiifand polls of cit:z,enf. 7 he c.ii:fes of a third Punick. war be here record d. Upn a report that 
 therewas aright puiffant .'rmy of Numidians upon the borders of the Carthaqians. conduced by kt- 
 chobarzanes the nephew of Syphax, M. PorciuS Cno perfvad^d in an nratio-^ to proclaim w.!r airainft 
 the Carthaginians., for that they interteined fuch a power within their frontiers under a colour aqainfi 
 Mafaniffa, but in truth raifed agat/ifi the Romans ' I ortbeit Publiu; Cofnel'us Nafica gainfaid him 
 andd'ffuadedthe matter, whereupon ordeinedit was, that Embajfadors (hoti/d be fe^.C to Carthage in 
 ef^ial.to obferve what they did J andwhereabout they wf»t. t'/ho after they h.id ?iven the C<*^th.igi»ia» 
 
 Pppp 5 ' "Sena:
 
 The Breviaries ofh. Floras. 
 
 Sefiat acheckandrebukstfor thiit a^.iinji the avetiautsefthe league Jthey tKAint ai>}edforces.;a>]dvpere 
 provided of timber and other fiujf for a navy , they ivere wtlltr.gto conclude a feace betweenlAii&tilGi. 
 and them 5 fo <w \<,ii{ia\^& {loould forgo and part ivith the land in quejiion. But GilgO the fonof hvciii- 
 car <» bufy andfedittom rnai-, who then niujeveraign Aliigijirate { not withflt^ndtng their ^ei. m fromi- 
 fed to be ruled by the mmard cfthe faid Ertfiaffadors) i:- cued them fo by his ferfwafivf rcmonjirances 
 to war upon the Romans, th^n i he Emb/iff^don made fh ft t o jie e ar.dfuve th cmfihes, or elf e they had 
 come to ci mifchicf.fJ'henthcyrel'-tcdthefe neivs at Rome, the Senat tiuady jet end bent agatnfl the 
 Carthaginians, were now by hu w^rds provoked much more, M. Fortius Cato performedthe funenili 
 of ha fin, deceafed in his Pretarfhip, with exceeding fmall charges-, acccrdmg tohts ability^ for he was 
 pit poor. One h^dnicvStwhoflouily made the world believe-, that hevM the fan of Perfeus the King of 
 Macedony, was put to Rome.M.j£mylius he^ldas^now fix times chofen Prtfident of the Senat by the 
 Cenfi>rSy oave hts fon in flreght charge Ltfore he died-^ to cany himfo-thto i urial tn ^ couchwithont 
 linden clothesandthepurple pall-, aid not to bejlovf in othir df <]uus above oKe denier '■> frying, that the 
 funerals of the preatef} a^-.d bejl perfonages are wont to be eny.obUd ard loonoured w:ih the [hews ofima- 
 <res m:dtitlcs, aydnot with fnn.pt::ota expcnfes. j4n inqrtifii-.onthere tt/M about the praUife ofpoifoning 
 a>'d ft retry. Pnblilia and Licinia . wi'<? were enditedfor w^k''"'.?, '^''^"7 their husrar.ds.put infureties be- 
 fore ths Prctor. to be boundin (rofdj,land.t,aKdbodyforthet)i;t:nd after judicial prorcfspajfed andtheir 
 caufe kra-'d-, byadLcreeofthe:rk^nsfolk,f'.:]fcreddc.:th. Gulufla r/;f/c.« of MaianidAgave intelligence, 
 that at Carthiipe there vtof rnt'Jlm>!g and levying of fonlditrs- riggi>g and providing of afieet^allpre- 
 paratia'is nodouit /or )iv.r:^i»fl' Publiciis Cornelius Nalica ■•cplitda^ain-.thac Kot hingwas to be done i»- 
 cofifidt rally-, Without advife. Thought go-'d it was to fend ten EmOaffcdors ^ for to fee the truth of all-, 
 iind upon t heir tinotvh-dn to certify. L.LiciniUj Luculius <?'^ A.PoHliumius Albinus theConftils^when 
 they lool^muflers with feveriiy aKdrifour^ andwouldnoi for f'tvcur ffare ar.y one^ but pre ft all ^ weri 
 con. mitted by the Trtbuns oft he commons, who for their friCKds could obtain at their ha-.di no releafe 
 a-idimmu:ntyoffouldiery. Bj cccafoncf the wars in Sp3\n,which many times had been untowa-'-dly and 
 Tinforiunatly managed.^when the Cttj o/Rome wasfo eitfmaicd and daunted that there couldnot I efound 
 tiny one who would fo much as accept of a martial Tribunjh/p-, or was willing to go in ejuality ofLieute- 
 nant ; P. Cornelius JEm)liir\Vsfiepped forth-, made offer and prof effed-, that he would undertake any 
 iijnd of military fervice ivhatfoeverfhotJd be laid upon him : a-id by his own example fiirred up all the 
 rrfltothe lore of warfare. L.Lucilllus the Conful-,whcn Claudius Marcellus {afterrehom he fucceeded) 
 was thought to have (jiiietcdall tl}e fla:ts and nations o/"Celtiberi3j fubdnedthe Vacceans, C.antabri- 
 iin:-) ayid other regions aid nations ai yet uf-kj^owri in Spain. P, Cornelius Scipio Africanus ^Emylia- 
 nus ; the fon of L.Paulus, and the nephew ofAfckums by adopt ion, bein^ there a martial Colonel, flew 
 a Barbarian challenger that dcfiedhim. But in the winnir.g ef the City ll'iterCZlii, he adventureeta 
 raore da;gerous enterprife : For he was thefirjl of all other that fraled andmounted over the wall. Ser- 
 vins Sulpitius Galba tl:e Preter ^cdl^utladly inabattailagatr.jlthe Portugals. VVloen a-sthe E?»' 
 hafadori were returned out of hit:kk^ together with the Cart hagmianOr at or s, <rWGuIufla the fon of 
 Mafanifla, bringing word^ That they fiW'^d at Canhsgeboth anarmy a^idalfo an arwado > thought 
 ffoodit was- to p.'it to ejueftion and debate the matter in the Scnat '• where Cato rKd other principal Sena- 
 tors were of opinion and gave adviCe, to transport an army pnfently into Afrii. k : but becJufe C. Nafica 
 cpincdardfiid-, That heftrvasyet nojujl aiidfi:fficieiit cat f f cfnar, agreed it was to forbear all hofii~ 
 lity and force of arms ^in rafethe Carthaginians would bum their navy anddfchargetheir army 'if not, 
 then a?re.-d -t was. that the Corfuls next foltov,un2^ in place of government fhouldpropofe as toiichinfrthe 
 Puiiic!{ wA-. ff^!:e>i the Theatre was b nit which by the Cetfurthad been put forth to 7) o kmen to frame, 
 and ft up at a price, tl.rouqh f/jf »;f<{«- o/Pub, Cornelius "i-iui-iH, who inferred^ that it was a peececf 
 workj,nprcfiia'^le .yea-,and hurtfulto the manners generally ef the citiz^ens; by vertue of ^nfi aB: of Se- 
 nat dcmol fhcd. it was avd polled down', foat the people for along time flood on their fa • ■ " b.-holdthepu- 
 blir.kjpl i:es. The Carthaoinians at that time took^arms contrary tithe league, andwarred upon Mafa*- 
 ti'ii^^.But va>ie]': ijhed t hey were in field by hnv (who notwithfla- di -g he now was finr-'fcore year eld and 
 twelve-, yet he nf dio ta[t his meat fimply withoi.t any dainty farice yea, and to cheiv his bare bretidfiill:) 
 ^■tdover a?idbefieics thef defcrved to draw npon their headtke Rom.in w:r. 
 
 Of ilie XL IX. Book. 
 
 THe bfginnng cf the third Pumck^rvar, in the fix hundreth and one year from the Cities foundati' 
 oi..v:hich w:thin 5 years after it began, came to a full andfinall end. Much diverfity there w*i "■• 
 opinion between M. Porcius Cato whom ' hey reputed for the wfe/l^ a-^dSapio KiC\ca,who by theSe^ 
 »at was ii'dgcdthe brfl aid honeflejl manintheCity. Cato was altnaet!urfarthew^irs,and advi-edto 
 deflroy Carthage ejuit <r .• Na fica contraryrvfe diffiwaded what he could. Kf. verthelcfs, in the endoreiai- 
 ned it was. That becauf atyainjl covenant and accord they kept a navy atfea, ard had led forth an ar- 
 my nut of their borders: r.ifo for that ther entrcd into arms and lev uinar t'i'i-" y\^hri\Si, a friend and 
 co/federat to the people cfKomc, andreceiVednot intotheir Tom/? (jUiufTa his for who was in the com- 
 . pany eft he Roman Embajfadours ; war (hould be proclaimedafainp them. But before that any forces 
 were en: barbed andh ad taken the fea, the EmlaffadorsofUnci rep ircdto Rome, yeelding themfelves 
 andallih'-t they h. d. That embafage, asafpecialprefage to the tfsue aid event of the war,wasac' 
 ceptall indpleafing to the Lord, ofthe Senat, hut heavy andgricvous to the Carthaginians. In Teren- 
 lum [a place it wai in Campus MaiciilS; rvhcrupon the p-ftimes Ttronins tookjheir mme] were plates 
 
 exhibited
 
 Tbe Breviaries of L. Florus. 9§^ 
 
 ex hibited to Father Dis the infernal Cody accordt^l to the dircEliotj of the bookj of Sibylla. Thefe had 
 htenfet out one hundredjeArs before in thefirjl Panickjvur, and inthe five htiKdrechycarandone^ after 
 the City was founded. Thirty EmbAfadors cameto'Komz. by whom the Carchii^iKt.insprefentedtheJr 
 fHbmijfiotj. Bat thefentence of CatO imported andprcv.iiled, to holdftill their former determinatrcK, 
 andthAt the Confuis rvith all (peed p?ouidJet formird in their journey to the war. Who having p.tjfedthe 
 feasandarrivid in Affrick, rcceivtd of them three hundred ho/}a?es, whom they hadrequtrcd aidde- 
 manded'i and alfo tookjnto their hands all their iirmor and tve.tpoy/s, and what furniture cf war foever 
 the) found at Carthage. They proceeded moreover after alttbis^to commaidthem by warrant and au- 
 thority from the LL^ of the Senat tobuildthem aneiv To.vnfor to inhabit in fame other pi. ^ce^fo th^t it 
 Tver e ten miles at leajl remote from the Sea: by which ind^^q^nity offered, they provol^d the Ca thafini- 
 An$ to rife and take arms ajrain, L. Mariius and M. Manilius the Coyifttls, be^a>i to befie^e and .^Jfa.-tlt 
 Carthage: during which fiege and ajfau/t, it fortuned that two Colonels unadvifcdly adventured lo bre^l^ 
 into the City with their cohorts^ at one part thereof where the walls were ne^hcied, and when by the 
 Townfmcn they were fore beaten andkjiled, {'y the means cfSdp'iO A^tiKAnvs they were rcfcu<d: by 
 whorri alfa a certain fcance and fort of the Romans^ wfich the enemies by tr^ht afailcd, with the help of 
 a f nv hurfemen was delivered. Moreover, hefivedthecamp, againfi which the Carthagtnianr f.Ulted 
 forth of their City to give the ajf.wlt at oice i*pon it with a/l their forces i by which fe/vice he above the 
 rtfi won great honor. Over and bejidts, when as the Conful [for the other was aonc to Romeru hold the 
 ehdion of Atagrjlrats) feeing the fiegea.'dajfault of Ciilhx^C took^no better eff'ecl, minded toleadthe 
 army agairfl Aldrtibal, who with another power of men l^pt the narrow (Ir eights of a certain paffage^ 
 he counfelltdthe fiidCef- fi'fi, not to give battel in a place of fitch df.idvant.i^e j but afierw.trdj over- 
 weighed and born down by I he opinions of the greater number (who envied as well his wifedom as verttte) 
 he a'fo cntred n.to the j-inie ftreights. And when the Roman army-, according at he foretold^ was dif" 
 comfitedandput to flight. and two Cohorts befet round and inve/led ly the enemies, he with certain fm all 
 cornets ofhorje returned intothofe (Ireights, refcued thetn-iand brought them away in fifty jyhich va- 
 lour of hit ^ even Cato,(.? manotherwife more ready of hit tongue to find faults) fo recommended in ths 
 Senate, that i» thefe terms he ^ave out and faid, * That all the re^ivho were emploicdin the wars of ,1, u j ti 
 Aftrick, ftrved'Uihaio}vsa>:d dead men, but Cno had true vigour and [pint indeed. Thepeopleof here to this 
 Rome bejid s ca'f fuch afivjur and goodliksng to h.m, th^itat the next eleBion-, Ktofi of the tribes y:rkoiHoirer, 
 pricksdhimfor to be Conful, notwithfianding he was by law underage. ^Vhen L.Scriboniusrf Tribune ot&- tW^u- 
 ofthe Commois had proniulgi d a l.iWfThat allih: Pore uga/s (who accordng to covenant and compofi- tai to« /4 
 tt7n,yeelddtothep<'ople of Rome, aidyt b) S. Galb.i werefldin France^ (houldbereflorcdtotheir on-^ieudlajnoti 
 freedom y M.dlO moll cirncjlly pleaded m the be'.udfofthat luv, a>:d maintained it. His Oration is 
 extant to be feent included withi-i his A>,nals. Q;.r'plvii]s Nobilior,<3//-«r he was by himfh.^ken up ar:d 
 W! II check^ed inthe Senatianfwered in the behalf ofGilhi. Tea, and G3\bi alfj,fe-in(T himfelf at the 
 point to becor.di}nr.cd,took^in his arms a,:dcm!>r.ccdhis oivntwo fans ] being * Prxtextati, andafon 
 of C.Sulpiliusjv/jo/f Guardian hewas^andmad- fnch ptteottt and rufi>i mono , all the w>i?ile he (pai^e in ' 1' "" " ^^ 
 his owncaufc that the foreftidlawwas rcvokj'dund cancelled.Three Orations of his there are to be feeni ' 
 
 twtagainfiL\bo a Tribune of the Commons and h^ propofed laws, as touching the Portugals ', andone 
 againj} L.CorDelius Cethegils,/« which he confff, th andavoweth thek^lU.io of the Port ufralse -.cam- 
 ped neer unto him tfor that he knew certainly that they after their manner hadfacrificed an horfe and a 
 man, andundsr a colour of peace., intended tofet upon and charge his army, Andrilcus one ofbafe birth 
 and the mojl abjecl loweft condition, who made the world believe that he was Kin^ Perfeus his f on, and 
 thereupon changed hit name and wat called Philip, having made an cfcapc and fled fecretly from Rome 
 (whitherDtmnnusKimr of Syria had font him m rega d of this his notorious lie) had ma>:y men come 
 flockjn^ unto him-, embracing a forged end counterf.-it fable of his, as if it had been a true f.ime and re- 
 port : by which means he g.ithered an army toirether-) and either with the goodwill of the inh.tbitants, or 
 by farce ofa>^ms, feiz.ed all MiCQdotty and held it in hit hands. A^..w had he dev:fed and framed the 
 'pafieant in this wife. That Vqi^cWS the Kmg had begotten him (forfooth) of a concubine : that he was 
 committed to* one CytlheU to be foflered and brought up: to the end that if ought (hould fill out but q 
 well unto the K. in that warwhich he waged with the Romans, tlerc mi^ht be \et f^me feed as it were (uj^am i to 
 andi(fue remaining of the Kings blood andrarnlrace, IVhen PerleilS was deceafed he had hii education one mcrtiii 
 <!f Adramyttium untHhewas 1 z ye.trs old,fupp7fi..ghim to b: his n.ttural fathirwho fojleredandkeft 
 him, andw-fi not at all from what flock, he was def ended. Now it fell out {faith he) th.it thefaidfofler 
 father of mine lay very fickj andbri -ir at the point ofdeah bewraied at length my binh andp.irentage. 
 Moreover,th 't therewat a little book^^ivento my fippofedmothir,fe. l-elwith the fiirn manual of Kinq- 
 Perfeus which ^e was to deliver nnto me when J came once to ripe age, and to be 1^ years old: charoin^ 
 her moflflreiqhily rf all loves, to concr.'l the whole m.'.tter until th.it time were come : and when I was 
 grown to that aire r.forrfaid,tlen the bookwasoiven me^wherin mention wasmade of two cheflsoftrca- 
 fiire left for me by my fther. Thenthe woman^who knew fail wellthat I was no child of hers,but only fo 
 rep'ited. bewraied my birtu unto me,vhowasifortimeignoraitofofmincowndefcent ■ alfo tkewoman 
 laid great wait upon me to depart ort ofthofc (quarters before that Lumenes, a prrfeffcd enemy to Per- 
 ICUS, came t» the knowled<l thereof for fear to be murdered. In which reffeU: I being affrighted andho- 
 ping withal to find fomeaid.it the hand< of Dcmcil'ms , went intoSyr'lM and there firf} I took_^heart unto 
 Tue, and dared openly to prof eft who I w. is, and never before. [Thus much if hadtikvsthis count erf et 
 Kinqs foni]
 
 ^o The Breviaries ofh» Florus, 
 
 of ihe L. Book. 
 
 Heffaly dt rvhat time at the fa- fMdcomterfet Vhiliprvould have tKvadt-d and kept it iy force of 
 nrms-, was by the means of the Roman Embajfadors, together with the aidof the Ach&Ans defen- 
 ded. Prufias King of '?i\\.\\'jX\\Z^a favourer of the bafeft perfons and leivdeji vtces-peOi by his otfnfon Ni- 
 comedes wardered with the he/p of Mtilus Kingof ^tl^zmns.Anotherfon he had^irhoinfteadofthc 
 upper roiv afid courfe of difiinH: teeth^is reported to have hadone entire bone for allf growing out at his 
 gums, when the Romans hadfent their Embajfadorsto conclude a peace between Nicomedes andPta- 
 fias ; of which Embajfadorsjhe oneljdd h:s head full of many fcars-,tbe other w.n t}otiblui\rith thegoHt 
 in the feet yard the third rep^ed btft blockjjh of fpirit by n.ittire-) and none of i he lyife/i; Cito fiid^That 
 therewasan emhajfiige he-.d-hfi-, fool-lcfs-, andheart-lefs. In Syni^ which at that t in. c had for their 
 King., one indfed of the line and race o/Perfeus A'. o/MaCcdony ■, btit another Prullas up and down, for 
 coward fc, idlenes, and lafe mind > it fo fell out ^ that whiles he haunted taverns, flews, and brothel- 
 houfes, and lay there altogether^hmmoviiUS fwat'dthe Scepter andraigncdas King : by whofe praElife 
 the Kings friends, alfo Laodice the Queen., a;id Antigonus the f on e/Demctrius came to their end and 
 iverek^lhd. MaUnifia King c/Numidia,rf man above fotlrfcore and ten years old, afam^tu Prince and 
 every way ciccelle-. r, yeeldedto n.nure and died. Among other youthful parts which he perfo mcd to his 
 dv:ngdar,this is one, 7 hat inthis oldage of his hewOi folujijith...t after thefaurfcore andfixthjear 
 pfhU If: he got a boy. Among his three fons, Mycipfa {the eldcft) Gulufla andy[m:^[\3}oz\,who alfa 
 had knowledge in the Greck^toyigue, Publius Stipio itmylianus dnidcdtheadminifirationofthe 
 Kingdom: for their father hail ft it in common for them all and hadgiven order topart it at thedij- 
 c-.-eiion oft he fame Scipio. Likjwtfe,he perfwaded Phamias the commander under Himilco cfthe Car- 
 thaTiiii.tr, C^'v.tlry^ (a valiant wj; rior, and who'm the Cart haginians emploied mrfl of all others in fer- 
 vice^to revolt rrith his -men cfarnis andto t/.rn Roman. Ofihofe three Emhajfadors above fa-d who were 
 fent foMafanilTa, Claudius Marcellusnvw <•►?/? ^w^^i^'i tcmpeflupon thefca,and fvallowedupofthe 
 ^vires in aguft.The Carthaginian! murderedin their CoHncel-ch.tmhtr Aldrubal nephew ff/Mafanifla, 
 and there Pretorfor the time being, uponfidQiitien oftreafon. This jeaionfy of theirs arofe hercuponfor 
 that he rrasneer in kjndred and blood to Guluffa, who friend daid fuccouredthe Romans. Publius 
 
 • The liw An ^'^'P'^ jCmylianus, when he fuedto be Mdile, was by the people propounded and nominatedfor Conful : 
 !i.i!it mace by and when as by law he might not for his yongyeers be creat edCoaful, hard hold there was a'joiit him : 
 '■Lhcw yiKiiii w! ilesthe common l.xlourcd with might and main for him^and the nobles andLords of the Senat gain' 
 
 ^W4/«,wheie- f'.idit a gcodwhile: but tn fine, he was dffenfedwith, notwitlfiandtng the* law in that behalf, and 
 
 .y no man ereatcdConful, Mitcus MluiWus (Pro-coyful) forced certain C'ties fitmteabout Cilthaoe. * Conn- 
 
 3 Corfu I ill i|>, terf't Philip, after he had [lain M.Iuventius the Pretor a> d Q^Cxms^and together withthemdefea- 
 
 under4} ;ear» ted the army, was in MacedoDy vanejuifhedhimfelfand taken prrfoner^andfo Macedony was recovered 
 
 of jgc.and this again which had been Ufi before. 
 Scipio was uow 
 
 '^"nmdo.phi. Of the L I. Book. 
 
 ChzihigQ.wh'ch took fp '» circuit the compafs of four ayidtwentj miles,was with exceeding pain and 
 travail be fteged ai:dwoii by pfece-meal: firfl, under the conduct of tAilxmus t he Lieiitena;:t\ af- 
 terwards rf Scipio //ji° Conful, unto whom without lot the province f/f Africk was extraordinarily gran^ 
 ted. The C-'irthaginians having made anewpeer, (fortha the old haven was choked and flopped up bf 
 S'.ipio) ardgithered fecretly in a f mall time agood fleet -fought a battail at Seaunfortunatly. Aiore- 
 over. the cemp '/Afdrubal r/?«V General , fit died in a place of mofi difficult acccfs neer the Town Nc- 
 pheri?, ;v/W fora d and lis army defer,ted by Scipio : who alfo in the endwan the very City of Cinbi^Cy 
 in thefven hundred year after it was firfi foanded.The great' fl p.irt ofthefpoilandpilla?e there foundy 
 wasreftorcdtothc Siciltans.fromwhomit hadbcentakjn. Jntbe titmojl extremity andfinal deftru^i- 
 on afthat Cny, when P\id:uh:i\ hadyeeldedandfubmittedtoS'C\pio ', his wife {who fome daies before 
 could net obtain at her hwb-inds hands to abandon the Town andftie to the conqueror) cafl her felfwith 
 her two children headlong fr-m the Cajlle into the m'ds of the flaming fire , wherewith the City burned. 
 Scipio, follow ngthe example of his fatljir .^mylius Viw\\is who had conque.rcd}AiCtdony , fet forth 
 ccrtai:i folemn plaies andp.nfiimes'y wherein therenegats ay.dfuoitives he prefentidandob]e^edto fa' 
 tjag:beafis. Thecanf soft he Achaan war be here reported. The Roman Embajfadors who had been 
 beaten and.ll intreatcdhy the Achtt^nsjwcrefeMt unto Cormth, to fever anddifiointhofe cities {which 
 hadbeen under thefefgnory o/Philip) from the general diet and parliament of the Achx.ins. 
 
 Of the L 1 1. Book, 
 
 Qllintus Cicilius Metellus/o«^/;f a battail at Thermopyli with the Ach<tans, that had to aid 
 them the Baotians and Chalcidians : who beingovercome, Crifolaus their chief Captain (hortned 
 
 • Uf richer hu own t fe by poifon : and tn his place* T>iic\\\M the fir fl author of the troubles in hchxiywas by the 
 Dixui. Vaufm Alch<s:a:ischofen General of the field,and by L.Mummius the Co>^fulTa>?qui(hedneerto Iftmus: who ha- 
 
 ' *' vin^ received all Achxa by furrender,rafed anddeflroied utterly Corinth, ly an /^[l andcommtjfion di- 
 rclledo -t of the Senat '■> becaufe the Roman Embaffadors were there a'oufed, Thebes alfo and Chalcis 
 »'/. ich had aided the Achmans, were cvertlrown and pulled down, Mummius/ur his own part, bare 
 
 hiwfelf
 
 The Breviaries ofL. Floras , c o i 
 
 himfelf mofi abfiixent anduncorrHft : for of all that wc.:IiIj, ^ndtbofe ^o-)ds aKdorii.tments wherewih 
 Coritich WM mtghdly e»riched,there cAme nat one fared into hn hoiife. Quiiuus Cscilins Metelliis 
 triumpbedfor the co>iquefl of hndliicm, a>-:d Publiiis Cornelius Stipio Attricanus ^mylhnus/ /v- 
 wife over Carthage and Afdrubal. Viriatus in Spamjirji of ai h-rdn-.a-. bcc.mic un h;:mcr^ ,in4 of a 
 hunter provedto he a very tbicf.wd robher : and witl:tn a ivhiU after-.nai chojcn General if a complete 
 *nd main army-, andfeiz,cdto bis own ufe allPomigil. HetOil^fnfor.er MyiuVm^tbe Pretor^when hj: 
 hadjirft difiomfiiedhis bofi tn tbefdd. ^ft:r whom C.Piaiuiils the Prctorjptd no better infght.Thii 
 enemy fo terrified the Romans-, that to make headagatnfl bint they fj^indit necejfary to enfptoy a full 
 confular army ^ and aConjul Commander. A/oreover,intbij bcol^be recordedthe iron/./e of Sytii and < ij 
 
 the wars between the Kings, ' A\C}Hndet an obfcurepcrfon and b^ije born, h-ivinfrfl.ijiif^as is b f re- *^ • ■' 
 faid) Demetrius the Kmg, reigned i» Syria. Him Demetrius {tlejon ofDtmcixvj<,)fle^.,h the b.lp i, r !^j!a"bc- '^ 
 of Pcolomxus Kin^ of JEgy^t^ivboJe daitffbter Cleopatra he had ejfoffeda-idm.'.i ru d. I'lm Dcinetri- *- c, 
 us in times pafl had been fent out of the way into Gnidos by his father-, fearing t be doubtful chances cf 
 the war'- a^d be entred iifon this aR:ion by eccafionofthecontcmp'itli: (loth ayidcow.;rd:feofihefiid 
 Alexander. VloXomZMSwas grievonflywoundidiK tbche^id- andin the cure-, whiles theClirnriTt:iKS ' 
 
 went about to* trypanize the bones of his sl{u!l.d:ed binder their I aid. And in his fie.:dVto\omxus hi* * To ptr'orace 
 jonger brother who reigned in Cy KDx.faCcccded andto!>k^ufOH him the crown.T>tme.irji\.\s for his cruel- ""^ '" ' = *^"i"- 
 ty which he excercijedufon bu people by rackjng^ and other torment f,wai v.intju.'jhed in b.ntaU /-aD io- ^" '"'^""^""c 
 dozas^one of his own fuLjeLtS ■ who made claim to the Kingdom in the ri^ht andti leoft\lex\ndi!:<fon, ^^^'^^ 'J^"^ 
 a yong child hardly two years old ■ wherupon be fed to Seleucia. Lucius Mummius tr:rin:phidover the '*f '''"' "'^ '^^'^' 
 uichaans, in which folemiity he carried in pompow jbew fundj images M well if brafs oi marble-^ be- '^'''"■" 
 fides pi^ tires and painted Tables. 
 
 Of the L 1 1 1. Book. 
 
 APpIus Chudlas theConfm' fttbduedthe Sal.'/fa>isan<!tion ink b.tingthe A\p'. yifcond*Mo<.k- 
 Philip »/)f?-e w<« /» Macedony, who by L.TrcmeWlus the tre.ifurer was ivitb his a'myd feat ed 
 andjlain. Q^.Cicilius Metellns the Pro- coy^fil gave the Ccliiberians an overthrow. The mn(i p.irt of ' '^ft::.io phh 
 Portugal was regamedby Q^.Fabius the Pro-corjuland many Cities thereof by afai^lt forccd.C.] uViaz '''■'"* 
 a Senator by calling, wrote the Roman Hiftory in the Greel^tongue. 
 
 Of the LIV. Book. 
 
 8UintUS Pompeius the Confulfulidned the Term'fiins in Spain : with whom verily as alfo with the 
 NitmantiDStbyoccaftonof his infirmity and fickj'nefijje conclhdedpeace, A review .indnumbrm^ <[ m' 
 
 s citia-eris was taken by the Cenfors : wherein were enrQlledfottr hiSKdredtwenty eight tho:-fwd, " Or faiher 
 three hundred forty two polls, j^twbattime asthe Alacedonian Embaff.idors cametocompl.iincfD, 3111341, 
 Junius Syllanus, the LordDeputy over them, for that he took^their money, and nevcrt helcfs made an ha- 
 "Vock^ of the Province-,and therupon theSenat was willing to have the hearing of their cor/tplamti'.T.Mili-' 
 lius TorquatUS the father e/SyllanUS, exhibited a requcfl^and oltaincd, that the inquiry ar.ddecifion 
 offuchamatter as this might be nf erred over and commit tedmno him. And r:fterhe hadjittcnupon 
 this commijfion at home inhis ownhofsf- and found his fan guilty ■, he both condemned him andp'-tt hint 
 away, nay, when afterwards be had hangedhimfelf, for tbat was bis end.^ bewotddnotbcfo much as 
 prefent at his funeral, but according to his ordinary manner and cuftome, fa in his houfe. Attending all 
 clients and commerstohimfor coitnfel. Q. Fabius the Pro-confd, after he had managed the )v.j>- tn 
 Spain right projpeto'ifly, marred all with this foul blot a-idf^ot rf difhonor, in tbat he contracted a p:\ice 
 with y\nil\iS, upon even and equal conditions. This VirijtUS by apraihfe complotted/y Scrvilins Cx- 
 l)lO,was trecheoufly murdired by traitors,and of ht^s own army war much bewailed. At his death he was 
 , run-out ofthisworld witha notable pealif*farewcl, and right bonor-ibly enterred-an excellent man^ Adutt.ed'itH, 
 ' at)drf:o/} brave Captain for the (pace of thirteen ycars-^ daring which time he warred with the Romans^ 
 A^d ever for the mofi part went away with the winning hand. 
 
 Of the L V. Book. 
 
 WHiles P.Cornelius Na(ica,w/)o by way cfmock_cry waifurn.imedSei:3p\o,^yfcof]i;.'g Curatins 
 a Tribun of t he Commons, ,i«^D,Iunius BrntU!: theConfdtoo'^the mttflers, there hap>iedin 
 the very fight of the new andrawfouldter an occu rent of great cu^fejuence,a--d for excnip'.e fa':e r.v- 
 ceedmg profit ab'.e. For C.Mitienoswas^udicially accufcd befrc theTribuns oftheCommonSyfortbat 
 he had abandoned and forfikcn his own army in Spain, whereupon be being convin:-,was co-'d'mned .:nd 
 feourg ed a long w^ile with rods, carrying a forkor crcfs upon his (hctulders, and in the endfldaiajlavj "'■ 
 
 for afmallfceccof fdvcr of * three half p: nee f,iyt hi ng cue. TheTri^uncsof tl.eCornmons, bccaufe "sHeriio^ut!}^^ 
 they might be AlloWfdio rxer/:ptfrom military fervice ten fouldicrs ap:ecc,whom it p'eafdthem to chufe-^ "i", 'l)i-* f<'Ur:Vi 
 commanded theCoif Is topnfjn. lan.^nUtiStheConful-whiles hew.tsm S^i\t\,end:'.edth^fefaiildiL'rs p»"ot £?, ■- 
 ■who had f rved undr Vii'Mtvii wit b landand livin^^and qave them a Town to inhabit c- ll:dVi\e.r)'.'i3. 
 M.PopiliuSj together with bit army was foiled and p:t to the rout by the Mumant in i;nr hwhom t he 
 ftjce that was cone Ihded^t he Senat badp-iffedan aB fhat itfhouldHot flandin force. Thecccaponrv •/ ■ 
 
 this' 
 
 7;a-
 
 Q Q 2 The Breviaries o/L. Floras. 
 
 thu : ^;01anciDUSf/)f Co>^[ulrrM devoutly facrificin^-f he (acred chichens dancedto fiie away Oftt 
 
 of their cageor coup, ^fterivards^ a^hewat abom to ttikeStaa^idgo ajhipiord for topijfs'overinta 
 
 S}pi\n-,there hapucd a voice to be heard- f'-ytug-, Stay, Stay Mancinus. Theje proved iu the efeEi to be 
 
 Hhfortunat And heavy prefaces unto Manci nus,/ar he received an overthrow at the Nurnantins hands., 
 
 avd was tnmcdclean out of bis cat/p. Jnd feeing no hope elfe to five hii army^deentredmoadifhonor- 
 
 able peace w}th them, but the Se>7ft Cxprcfly revoked and annnllcdthe fame. 50000 Romans tftri dt- 
 
 fiatedhji^OQO Nimantins & no ffiore.V .lanius made a general cg»ij[Hcfi of all?0ituga.\,eve» as far 
 
 at to the Ocean, by forcing atidfackjng their Ctties andflrong Torv»s '.and when his fouldicrs were loth 
 
 » A rlrer in topafs over the river * Oblivio, he caught up a banner from the port-enfign^ and carried it over with 
 
 .Spait, called jj.^^^ and by this means per fvadedthern to go through. Aky.3Tide:s f on ,Kt^g ofSyih, a childnot ai^ove 
 
 lomctime^N ^ tf ;? j£./:r/ old at the mcfi, wis trcchcroiifly murdt red by DiodorilS /. fef gu.v.dtan or proteEtor-,fiirMmed 
 
 Tifd'at'i his day Tryphori.Thcre were Phyftci.ins by corruption bribedandfubor^ed to give it out and bear the peopl' » 
 
 Limn, h.ifid mofi falfly, thr.t the yong Prince p.ned away with the pa:n of the jlor.e in the bladder-, and whiles 
 
 tbej would feem to cut him for tt^ they kjllcd him out ofhandtnthe very f tit ton. 
 
 Of the LVI. Book. 
 
 DEcius lunins Brutns hadgod fortune in the farther Province of Sfiit), fighting, with the Gallici- 
 ans. But M.ii'.mylius Lepidiis Pro-co>fidjpedf»ir otherwife mhis rvars agatyfi the Vaccti-^and 
 fiffcrcdthc liks overthrow to that other received from the Numantins. When Mancinus the Author 
 iind maker of the accord with the Numantins^wos deliveredup in per fan to the Numantins- for to ,:ffoil 
 the prople of Ko^Si a>id difcharge them in coufcience for cancelling the [aid covenant-, they received 
 him not and wo»ld none of him. The people was numbred and taxed by the Cenfars^in which furvey and 
 accpuist t>^ksn, there were entrcd into their bcol^s ii^ooo Roman citiz^ens. Fulvius VhciMStheCof. 
 brought theP^ardcans in lilyriciim under filjcclicn. M.Collonius the Fretor fought ;»Thracia with 
 the Srordifctans, and won the better, When by the def'ult and error of the C-iptams and Commanders, 
 the NuKantin war continued fi ill -.not without the publickjhdme and difhonor of the fiate', the Senatand 
 people ' f Rome conferred the Conful[kip upon ScipiO Africanus, without any fuit orfeekjng ofhispttrt. 
 " The rext is ^j„^ when he was unwilling to accept thereof-, by reafon of a l..w forbidding ex pre fly , ' that any man 
 l.cre corrupt, /^^^^^^ ^^ created C'f. thefecond time^ he had a diffenfation^ and was freed from the law in that l^ehalf, 
 \ I year's^ b'-' "^ hkf ^' ffom the ' other in his former Confii/jhip, 1 here was ai inftrrctUon ofbondflaves arofe in Sicily: 
 ■. i/cn this time and when it cculd not befupprejfed by the Prctors and Lord Coven ors, C.Fuh ius had the charge of that 
 riui his former fyjijince and fervice. This war began by occafionofoneJivitiVlS a bondjlave and a Syrian born Iwhoha- 
 CMiifuHnip, 5£ ^,-^f^ ^fr^^,j.i^^f„„fthtr a power of rufiicalpeafants and country (laves, brokj n prifons and houfes of cor- 
 '■ ••'me'jnt" tk rcBion, came to have a full and complete army. A'foreovertCieon a'fo another notable (lave, ratfedto 
 i'i'c DectnnJi, the number »/ 70000 villains like hin.felf: and they bothjoyning their forces together:,waiedwarmm/ 
 lv;r of sncthet times afarrff t he people of Rome and their army in thofe parts, 
 l-.v htcly s J r J 
 
 ;;S<^r Of the L VII. Book. 
 
 pe tt, a.)d r.c- 
 
 ii-rding to ,hc Q Cipio Africanns Ludfiege to Numaniia: andwhereas the army wasgrovn to be corruptedthrough 
 
 '■-l^h" V,'^'f' ^^d jj'oli-.te riot a>:d locfe life,he nrlaimcdthefame.^audreduced it unto a mofi fir eight and f ever e kind 
 
 1 have trat.fli- of military dfap/me. For he cut of all the means and occaftons of delight fame pleafures : he fe,it packing, 
 
 red i:. • iiiyaytwothoiifir.dwlores andtruls that fllcwcd the camp : le heldthe fouldiers hard to work^every 
 
 [» tmtnndi.'] ^,y . Jjgfa-^cid each en: to carry cnhisfh^ulders corn for thirty dayes ^and feven goodjlakes befidesfora 
 
 pallafado, Jfhefpiedonc of them to go heavily under his load'.he would fay thus under him-,Sirrha,wheK 
 
 you have the s^jli to empale your felf with your fwords point, then ceafe to carry pales, hut not before, 
 
 When he f-W another praBife to wield very nin. bly a little light buckler, he commanded htm to bear a 
 
 ia-'cuct of a b/ogerfiz,e and weightier than ordinary,as fir,ding fiult-thathe knew better how to holdhis 
 
 (hie Id for defence of his own body. than to handle hisfvordfor offence of the enenn . J^et he with afouldier 
 
 out of his rahh^i-ndflL ? If he were a Roman- up he went and nat wi II beat cndfwadledwnh vme-wandt 
 
 *K t In t> : by the centurion i ifaJlra:iger.,f)vin^edandjerkedhewaswiih[birchen^*rodsbythtLi£iors. And 
 
 I'll,, rr:,<fi li,ir Verily all the pat k^-horfes and other labouring- beafls he caujed 1 be fold j / ecaufr t l^ey (hould no' eafe the 
 
 turn V.I lit, V\\. fot.ld-ers cf their cartage, Will, ma-iy a tm.e he bare himfelf worthily in fi/ht,ai^dhad a for-unat hatid 
 
 afairfl 1 1 e enemies that fa'/:ed forth again ft him. The Vacceans were ftreightly befieged ■ and after 
 
 they hadhjUrdtleir Wives and children, they (lew their own felvet upon them. Scipio, ^twhat time aS 
 
 Antioch\;s King «/ Syria hadfent unto him mofi rich andftately prefents: whereas other Generals of 
 
 the field were wont to conceal the ^fts ofKK. he avowed the accepting of them in open (tght of all me», 
 
 ezciiat thevery Trb.inalfeat, Andwhen hebadfo done-,he commanded the treafurerto receive all,and 
 
 erter in his bcohjf rcceits for the jl.'te j promifing out of that (lock^to rewardthe hardicfl menand meji 
 
 valiant k.^ig hts, PVl en he had blocked and mvefled Numantia oaj every fide, and f aw the enemies driven 
 
 to ore- 1 dftrejs for hunger, l.e forbad expresly to kjU any of them that went forth of the Town to forage 
 
 a-idpiirveyviUttals, faying. That the more they were in number, the fooner they would confume^nd 
 
 fpend up t he corn which t hey had. 
 
 Of
 
 The Breviaries ofh. FIbi'us. 
 
 of the LVIII. ^ook, 
 
 Tiberius ScmpromuS Gracchus a Trihane of the Commbyis^ nhc'ube'proniuli^edau AgrArUn 
 iaw,that no mtt»(hould hold and occupy above * five hundred .irpens or teres if the'C't\- lands fee- « So Tay-P/ii 
 inj^the Sen4t and order of G emlemen to florm a^ainflity grew into ft<ch anhtat ofcholerandfunout i/t'chit/ffLr,. 
 rage-,thatjirefently by a»aB made, he deprived of rnb.imtian power M..O^i\\as hts C oil t ague ^ for 
 maintaining the caiife of the adverfepan : and withal, created hin>fclf,hij brother C.GratLhus, a'-id 
 h^^, Q\tadl\X% his own wives futheTy Triumvirs or corHmiffArns for dividing of the fad Lmds. Hi 
 propofed alfo and publfhed another Agrarian Uw^ by zert ue whcr eof if any man encroached f.'.rther), 
 and went above thatfimt and proportion, the fame Triumvirs and none but thcy^ottldfet dow/i and de- 
 terminei how far forth the common grounds tvidt he pnvai lands jhonldre.ich. /ifternKirdt-^whcn thire 
 felloHtto be lefs ground than could be divided-, he p vtefiedjhat without the hjfence of the common peo- 
 ple (becaufe eVewbile he hadflirred up their appetite to h-pe for great mdteYs) he would prefer a lave, 
 That amongft all them .^who bj vertue of the law Sempronia ought to receive Lu:ds.the many which be- 
 longedfcmetime to King \\.ti\us [hould be divided. Now this Actalus the KingofVcr^imas iv:d fon 
 c/ tumenes, had left behind him-, the people of Rome his full heir of all that he had. I h' Senat upo?t 
 thefcfo many indignities offered by GraCchus, w.ts highly d/jpleaftd, and Pub. MiK ius tl.ie Confvtl^above 
 the reft :who afterhe.hadinveighedinthe Senat again fi him.,\ras by him haUdforth bf fore the p ofle., 
 andaccufed unto the Commons-, hoiiibett be declaimcdairainfi him once again opsnlyfrom the KoHn; 
 When Gracchus would have been chnfen Tribune of the Commons ajecoid time, by the advice a<d pre 
 curement o/P.Cornelius Nafica, the chief peers and iwbles flcw him in the Capitol. He cauahi hi^ 
 firfl knockjwith the broken pceces of the Tribunes pues. And he among others (Inn in that fed t:oui ga<'^ 
 botl-i was never committed to the earth-, but thrown into the river. Aloreover., this bojk^co-:tai,ieththc 
 hattels in Sicily, fought agairfi the fugitive flaves with variable fori une a dc vent , 
 
 Of the LIX. Book. 
 
 THE ?Tiimanf ins forced by great extremities, a-idf famine efpeciallyr nturdecd iherrifclzeJ i>t 
 conrfe by turns. After the Cttywos won^'id^lO Affrkanus rafedanddefi oird it utterly: andov.Y 
 it triumphed-, in the fourteenth year after the ruin c/Carchage. P. AttililJ'? the Conful d'Jpitched ^:nd 
 ended the war in Sitily, with the forcfaid fugitives. Arillcnicos thefon of King Eumenes, invaded 
 K(u aid heldit to his own ufe J whereas bj the lafi will andtrjlattent ofKini^ Attalus. it was becjuea~ 
 thcdas a legacy urtto the penple of Kom^-, and ought ta have been freed, /igainfi him-,l*.L\cim\}S Craf- 
 (\1S the Conful and Archb>(hop be/ides (^athin? niver done or feen btfo'-e) took^a journey with an -.'.rmy 
 OHtofhilyfandinabattelwas overthrown and loji his if e. M.Vetfetimthe Conful overc ime AriHo-^ 
 QonrcUS) andreceivedhim by furrender.Q^om^omiis, and Q^Meiellus were eUUed Cenfors, the fir/t 
 Commoners that eiier both together attained to that dignity. A review was la'^en by the Cenfors 'iwherc- 
 inrvere numbred y6SSi^ citiz,e^s, beftdes orphans andwidows. Q.Metellus theCenfor gave his ad- 
 •Vife and opininuithat all menjbould be compelled to t.ike wives, for the breeding of children. His Ora- 
 tion to that purpofe is extanf-which Auguftus Cxiar, at what time us he ^}>ent in handtojoyn in marri- 
 age all the three Jtates ^nddeq^rees oft he City-,rehearfed in the Senat-^asifit hadheenpenned to fit ihefe 
 times whereinwe now live, C.At'lvAushiheo-, a Tribune rf Commons., commanded Q^Metellus t/:)^- 
 Cenfor(whointhe rcvietvandnew choifeof the Senators did him that difgraceas to leave him out) to 
 be pitched headlong from the toci^ Tarpeia:^«t the refl cfihe Tribnnes ajftfiedthe Cerfor'all that ever} 
 they could, that this commandment jhould not be executed.^'i hen C.ubo,ii Tribune of the Com .prcfofea- 
 a bill, that it mi^ht be lawful to creatie the fame man Trib. of the Commons fo tfienas one would ', P„ 
 Africanus diffwadedthis law in a m^fi grave and pithy Oratton'-whereinhe ufd thefe words efpeci. lly. 
 That he JHdged1'Ai.Gl3iii.\\\iS to have beenjujlly flam for his ^f/lz-f /.Gracchns on the other fide main- 
 tained the law, and pleaded that it might paffe : hut Sdpio imported and prevaUcdin the e>:d. tn thi'i 
 took, are yelatedthe wars between Antiochus kjn^ of Syria, aul X'hlMlZSkina of the Part':- ns: as alfo 
 the troubles of JE^y^t.whichflood as then in no better terms, ?io\on;C[.is furnamed Eversjetes for his 
 exceedingcruelty grew hateful and odtoMf to his own fubjeUii a^dwhen the people had fet on fir ' ana 
 imrnedhts royal palacejje fied by ficalth into Cyip:as '< itndwhcnthe kingdom was by the people made 
 msde over to hts fifier Cleopatra , whomi ( after he ha,i de floured by force her d m^hter), 'a 
 virgin-, andfotah^n her to wife) he had turned away in great dfpliafure and m-Hlce unto her ; he killed 
 that fon he had by her, in Cyprus, andfent unto the mother the btai, hands and feet. Cert am feditionS ' 
 mere raifedbj the Triumvirs^ Fulvius Flaccus C.GraCchus. and L. Cnrbo, who were created for the 
 decifton of land. Againfi whom P.Scipio Africsnus made rcfifi.ina '■ but being; in perfeB hciilth, flrong 
 and luffy., he went home to his houfeasit mi^ht hto day. andivas found dead in l)!s bed- chamber the 
 the next morrow. His wife Sempronia was deejly (ufpeEled to hfvc g^iven him a cup ofpnf<)n\& h reitpox, 
 efpecially^becaufe (he wasfifier to the GiiCchi> between whom and Africamis there wn gr dje and 
 enmity : Howbeit, there was no queflion andfiretgh en'juiry made how he came to his death. iVhen hii 
 head was once laid the Triumviralfeditions beforcftid brake firth into a Igl t and hot fire. C.Sempro- 
 imiS t he Conful fought ag^ainfi the lapidx, firftunfortunatly bit foon after he made amcr-ds for that 
 lofs received, with aviElory atchicved by the ffecial valor of C.Iiinius B X\\\ii.thcf.imc mr-n^hi ^ /"^ 
 had conquered^ oiw^iX. ^'
 
 ^g. The Breviaries o/L. Floras^ 
 
 a; 
 
 of ihe LX. Book. 
 
 nrelius the Consul [ubdtted the Sardtuns. Fulvius Flaccus rvat thefirfi man that 'vanqni^ed in 
 ~ . fig^^t the Ligmtunt (rejondthe Alp-, heingfent to aid the Maffilians agatnfi the French SafyeSy 
 who lay fore upon the borders of the Maffihans, ar.df^oiUdthem. Lucius Opimius the Fretor received 
 under his fulje^ion the Fregellans mho bad revolt ed^and dcftrotedthe Town Fregells. Here is reported 
 a tefiiler.ce in Africk) by an exceeding multitude of lecufh, kjHed and lying de,d afterwards ufon the 
 gro'M-d. A furtey wastak.enofthe City by the Confort^ wherein were numbred 390736 6itix,t«s, 
 C.Gracchus J brother of'Y\hf:x\ws-,aTrt[une of the Commons^ but of the twain more elot]uent, prefer- 
 red ccrtiiin dangeroU) laws : and among the refl-y one Oi touchinggrain.namtly-,that the Commons fhould 
 • Ob. be frrvcdpt the market,at therate ifonehaftandathirdpartof'' Ajfe, a Modttu \ another-^concern- 
 
 incr divif.on ef landsythefame which his brother before him hadpHblifhed-,anda third{wherby he meant 
 to corrupt th." order of Gentlemen, which tht'n accorded with tl e degree of Senators) namdy-, that from 
 out of the Geniltmcn-, Coofhould be tak^n into the Senat : and for afmuch as in thofe dayes, the re were 
 but 300 Senators, thofe 600 Gentlemen jhoaldbe enterminglcdwith the faidthree hundred i that isto 
 fay, that the order of Gentlemen fhould be double in number to the Senators^ andtwice as flrong. This 
 Gracduis having coittiKuedhis'FnbuKfhip another year ^bypropofing flill the Agrarian laws^p^'evailedy 
 that mafiy Colonies more (houldbe planted in \tz\y, andone be/ides, upon the very plot of groundwhere 
 Carthage lately dejlroied, hadjlood : andthere himfelf^chcfen Triumvir thercforeJereHed a Colony* 
 Moreover-, this hok. containeth the exploits o/Q.. Metellus agairfl thcfe Baleare I (lands, which the 
 Creek^scallCymnef'X,becaufe the people go naked all the fammer time. But Bileives t hey be named 
 * Bsx('3- a either of* {Imging darts, or of Baleus the companion of Hercules, whom he lift behind there-, atwhat 
 J j time, as he failed to Geiy on. Alfo^the troubles inSytiz be here reported-,whereinQ\tC^i\.ti flew both 
 
 -. ' jQ her htubandTitmnx'wiS and his fonSdzMCns'i takjnggreat indignation^ that when his father TfOfS by 
 tii'iK. ^■'^^ killed, he without hsr warrant had lakjn the diadem upon him. 
 
 Of the LXI. Book. 
 
 Ains Sextins the Pro-conful-, afer he hadconijueredthe nation of the Silycs^ built the Colony 
 
 AqnjE Sextix.. fo called of the plenteous abundance of waters, by reafon ofjprmgs both hot and coldy 
 
 - Sivoy.ycfwf. ^:.,^^ifg of his own name. C. Comitius the Pro-conful fought fort nnatly againfl the * Allobroges, neer 
 
 ".' .1 X'' '^'^ Town * Vind.illum. Thecauf why hclcvied war againfl them was,forthat tbey h'^d received and 
 
 j(jj, relievcdbyall meansthey couldyTtUtOmzWusthe Kingofthe* Salni when he Ji d unto them, and had 
 
 •^C'lni Sittgt, w.ifleda/fothe territories of the* Hcditaas-, whowere the allies of the people of Kome. C. Gracchus, 
 
 yaradifw, of ^,y}^j. ^^ j^^^j j^g^^ ^^ Tribunfhip with much fedttion,and kept tie Aventine hill with a multitude of the 
 
 '■' ■ ■' '■<> Commons in armsiwas byll.O^'mWisthe Confitl{rvho by verti.e of an aU of Senat had put the people in 
 
 ■> -■■ ^ jy'ei. arms) dijfciz,edof his holdand flainUndtogcther with himTv\\ius'F\acc\iSaConfular mr.n.,hii afociat 
 
 "i: u~;.,j;nj. and companion inthis furious outrage. Q_.Fabius y[.iy\mvtithe Conful, and nephew ofVaulos, won a 
 
 »'>'. field (ft!).- Allohroges, and, Bituitus King of the Arverni, 0/Bituicus his army wereflain a hundred 
 
 and twenty tljonfand. And when himfelf in pcrfon was gone foRome tofatiify the Senat, he was com' 
 
 m:t led toward in h\\3i,for that it feemed dangerous and hurtfulto the peace, for tofendhim back^,igain 
 
 iKto France. Alfo there pa feda decree, that Congentiatns his fon (hould be apprehended andfent to 
 
 Rome. T/i? AHoljr'oges fubmitted audwere received. "L.Opimlus being accufed before the body tf the 
 
 p.oplc by Q^Dscias a'Trib.ine of the Commons^ for imprifoning certain citiz,ens uncondemned) was 
 
 acc^ait. 
 
 Of the LXI I. Book. 
 
 CAinsMarciiiS the Coifitlvanquijhed the Stomi,a people dtvelling upon the AlpeS, Micipfa^-^/wf 
 oftheNiimidians died, and left the Kingdom unto his three font, Adbcrbal, Hyempfal) and Ju- 
 glirtha his brothers fon, whoxi he had adopted for his own child. 'L.Qxi.WwxiM.tlt^QS fubduedthe 
 Dalmatians, Jiigurtha Uvicdwar «po»Hyemplal/)M brother., overcame him tnfi^ht, and [lew him^ 
 Adhcrbal lis third brother, he dr.ive out cfthcrealm,hut by the Senat c/Romc refiored he was again, 
 L.Ca'cilius Metellus, rf»(iCn.Domitius Ahenobarbus the Cerfors ^deprived 3 2 Senators of their place 
 anddignity. Befida, this bookcontaineth the troubles of the Syrian Kings. 
 
 Of the LXIII. Book. 
 
 CAins Porcins theCof. fought with the * Scordifci in lhxidz,ti>}dlofl the field. TheCenfori took, 
 a fit vey of the City, mwhich ivere enrolled ^9^^^ ^6 pais of Roman citiz^ens. i£mylia5Licinia,W 
 Marcia, three vejlal virgins were conviBedand condemned for incefi. The manner how this their for- 
 * liiiUndtrj. nicationwascommittedydeteEled, judged, and punifhed,is herefet down. The* Cimbria»s,an huge and 
 mightf nation, invaded lllytkum andput it tothewa/l: bywhonfV3\nt'i\isCzihotheConfHlwasde' 
 fcatedAwthheandhis army, Livius DT\}(\istheConful,rvarredin Ihticeupon the Seordifci,( a people 
 d fcendad from the Gauls) and won much honour. 
 
 ■,.■: ..0£ 
 
 * B,'/B.i:W.
 
 The Breviaries of Li FioruSi qq;- 
 
 of the LXIV. Book. 
 pLphahaXmarredupon bj]\}^\^tl\iXjWttsw:thin the CttyCxtlt beftegeA^ anihj htm {lain, ftctmth' 
 jiandingthe commandment of the Sen At to the contrary, For which c 'ufe war was procLiimed againfl 
 Jugurtha himfelf. Calphomius Beftia h^td the conemijjion and charge to manage this w^v : who made 
 peace with }\i°Qtti\i,without warrant from the people iindSenat .ju^mihi heiK^atedand calLdfrrth 
 under f'ife cond-'t^, to appeach and bewray the authors of his plots u»d defigns, for that the TOtce wem^ 
 that /e had bribed andcorrfipted with fums of money many of the ^enat,c.ime to^omz : where he wai 
 tn trouble and jeopardy for a murder committeduponthe perfon of a cert am Vrince-iC'dled MafTua ()p/;o 
 feeing him to be hated of the Rornans^fought for his i^tngdom)n>hom he few at Rome. Being comman- 
 ded to anfwer for hit life in regard of this mur-der, hefecretly fledy and as he dcpa-tedfrom the Qiiy ut- 
 tered (by report) thefe words-, Ocorrupt city andfetto fale', hoivfoonwillit pcrijh-,f it may meet with 
 a chapman ? A.PoHhutniils a hieutenant GenerM-, efter he had lik^wi^e fought an unfortuy!At batcll 
 agaiy:ft Jugiiriha, amended the matter fidl well by making an ignomittious and djhonor.r able peace 
 withhtm which theSer)at judged no: meettobe observed andk^pt. 
 
 Of the L XV. Book. 
 
 OUintuS Caccilius Metellus the Cof m two battels diJco»>fitcd Jugurtha and over-ran ■«//Kiimi- 
 midia.M.Jun.SyllanuSf^tf Cof. fped unluckily in a batt til fought againfl the Cimbnans -.whofe 
 cintAlfadors demanding if the Senat a place of habitation andUndi to occupy-,werc denied. M. Mlnuti- 
 lis Vro- Cof.had ^ood fuccefs in fight a^ainfl the * ThraciansX.Ciff\GSthe Cof.togctl.er with hts hoji-, fOfzimcbt 
 was defeated and cut tn pieces in the borders of the AllobrogiAns by the French TtfunnSyt country of 
 the * HilvetiAnSiwho had divided themfelves and were depart(djromihrefl of the Stue. Thefifsldf * Switzersj 
 ers remaining alive after that overthrew iCapitulited with the enemies fr fafty of their iiveSito put iii 
 pledges for to part withthe one moity of all that ever they hadunto them. 
 
 Of the LX VI. Book. 
 
 IUgunha driven out o/Numidia by C.Mariius,/.'<?df/;(r help and aid ef Bocchus King of the Moorsi 
 but whenthepower of BoCchMS rlfo was dtfeatrdi» battell, and him f If unwilling to maintain the 
 ■war any longer{jo unfortunatly /;<'j««)Jugurtfil was ovcrcome^and delivered up to C .Marius./« which 
 exploit thefervice e/L.ComeliusSvlia treafurer u»i oMit'ms^was Jingular abov: therefl. 
 
 ■ Of the LXVll.Book. 
 A UreliusScaurus lieutenant to the Cof.waswtth hk arm j overthrown by the Cimbriayis,a>idhimfef 
 taken prifaner.fVhen by them he was c.ll. dforth to counall (a: what time as they inte>)dcd avojaire 
 into Iialy)'« which hefcened to fright them for pajftiig over the Mpi,fayingy Th,n the Romans might 
 notpojfibly be overcome; he was '7 Bollls their K. a proud and fierce prince,k:ll-d. At the f me enmiei 
 ha>ids Cn.Manlius C ofand QJiccv. cxpiOi^ro-ronfulyreceivcd ^m overt hrow i ' the field anl loft hth 
 their camps.Sla'H there wire \!iOO<~0 jauldicrs i of porters, fcuU'ons/aunders, andftch followers frhe 
 campbefideS/^OOOO.BytheverdiEiandcenfureofthe pc-ople cf Rome cxp\n(^through whpf r.idh 'fs 
 this [ofs and overthrow hapned) was condemned: and i:e was the fir fl af.er /<r.Tarquin who{- ^ood- we^e 
 confifca t ; andfinatly^deprived he was of his government. In the triumph of C .Msrius J uguriha with 
 his two font was led before his chariot '• and afterwards murdered in pnfor,, lA^HiXXientred lot^e Senittf 
 with his triumphant mamellcf cjiatey which never any man before him hadd-ine-, andforfea- 'f'th'e 
 Cimbrians war he continued in hts lAagiftracy many years together. To his fecond ind third < o.ijuljh -p 
 he was chofen* abfe^it .,aid he att ained to be Conful the fourth time'- which he gap-d for itJ'eh he df- *-^ai«\th^ 
 fembledthe contrary. CDomitins was by the fifrages of the people created the chief Pov fie. The Handing a 
 Cimbrians having laidwafle alltheparts about theriv r Rhodanus a-id the mountain Pyrenius,p.f/- Inrtothecofc' 
 fed over intoSpiiathroughthrfireightsi where afer they had (foiled raaay places, tleywcreby the '"'y- 
 Celttberians chafed dway i and being returnedinto France, they joynedw.th the * Teutons, a warlike » TheDutcli 
 ftation. orEiftcrlinjsJ 
 
 OfthcLXVIII. ;^:, 
 
 MArcns Antonius the Vra'or perfecuted the rovers aifa And chafed them as far at into CilicM . 
 C.UinWxis t he Confulma'fulh defend: d the camp, ff'a Idwith all mofl fo-n' le means ly the 
 Theutonsand' Ambrones,Afterwa d< tn two battels o^e ft '■ another a'' out ' A(]\yx'->e>iVxh:ur'er- * AmtrUmierh 
 ly defeat edthofe enemies'. where{bj r pa-t wcrefia:n 'OoOOO wd 90000 takfi p- foifrs. MiriiK/« "* ^'X-PolOi 
 his abfmce was created Conf'l now c. fift tir^e : avd wl-ie-ia tnurnp'^ w • ■ ojfcr<d uim him-ihi: dcf rr ed 
 andprit it off^HntiUhe had r^iad- ■ f-U and fin ill con.jufi Alfa oftheCmrians. Vn C'wbrians repel- 
 led And dravtfromthe Alps Q^ CatihUs the ?ro-co>ful who had hft the narrowgullct of the AtpSJ 
 ar.dk^pt aCaftleh-.^hh mou ud wfr //jtf r»'trr Alhehs, which he now al Andoned: /^yd when by their 
 valour they had deiredthe paffige.they p-4rf:ed the Vro-confulwith his ar^iy.andp.^jf.dover into It?- 
 \^.,where inbtVtMtheywtrt overthrown byrheja'ne CatilluSrf^J^C. Marius.wAo had ioynedthotr fait- 
 ces together: In wluch (theyf) 14COOC me^were (I tin^andSooootaksn prifonert, Mitlai was h«- 
 r.oHrabh received at Hi return wnl a generall accord of the whole City', andwhereas two triumphs 
 were ofered unto him. he was content wit h one. The princtpAl peers r.nd nobles of the City, who alont 
 time before had envedhimds a man newly ftart up nfn ad advanced to fogreae honours, confjfed 
 Korv thatthe common-weal by 'nm was prjerved. Publi.ius Metellus for murdering his own mo,therj 
 •was thefirfl mahforved up m a l-athr ha^ and jo thrown into thefea. Here is recorded how the jarred 
 fhieldihndVnfiirred of thery fives with a great rufl,ng noife before the Cimbrians war waifinijhed.F i"- 
 tiHlly^hisbookcomprehendeththe warsbetweenthctwoKiniTS ofS-^iU, - ' ;. '', 
 
 aqqq ^^'
 
 006 The Breviaries of h.Tlorns, 
 
 
 vv; 
 
 of the L XIX. Book. 
 
 sNeus ApuleiusSatu minus j^^t/jf help ofC. Marius.^fw^^;- occafion that A.Nonios^»;f comfeti- 
 4tor (lyid concurrent n-M by hps fouldiersJlairt^rfOi ■'_^ J ^rcille mcais created Tribure of the commoyjSy 
 a>idbarethe TribuMejhtf ai ■vtoienilyas he£otit. xndwhoj he had profo[cdan jigrary ItitP andfajfed 
 it bjforce^he <erre/?f ^ Metellus Numidicus to ^^ifvper at aday^ for that he had tm ^H'jcrtted and [worn 
 to the [aid law : rvho being maintained find defended by the Citizens of the better fort, bec't.nf; he would 
 &ive KG occaftonof ttnfeemly debates and evill contentions, went in zohntary extlete Riiodcs: tinti there 
 he employed hii time in reading of books a/id giving audicr.ce to great find famous rt:en.^'ifter he ntcs de- 
 far ted-,Q.}AaZ'm% the captain at.d author of that fed'tion, who now hadpurchefed afixth Confulfhif by a 
 largefs of money fcambltd amongji the tribes, proLlaimtdhim as exconimunicat ar.A iKterd'Eted front 
 
 .\»,.*-jfl» fire and water like an 0Mtlavf),Thefameh\i\i\t\\:f^Slt.Mimr\Ki5-,Trdtmc of the comnions^flenQ^^lAtvami- 
 as in his white gownfia-'i ding tobeCof. for that he f fared hint above all others to crofs his proceedings' 
 •whereupon the Senat was exceedingly movtd in the carfe and behafof C.Mccnwias'.andivhen C. Ma- 
 tins ^ »»<«w ^^i »<«t/^yf w«frt//e<i«ii /» /jtf cou felliiariable-, one who ever loved to I e on the better Jide of 
 the hedgs andto hand with the mightier^wO* not a le to bear him outandproteB him-.thefaidSiiWmi- 
 nus together with Glancia the Prator andoihe-'- his con.plicet in that eutragCy was [lain by one Rabiri- 
 US. C^. Cascilius Meteilus was n called out ofbantfhment vith exceeding great love .i:-d favour of the 
 whole C;f_)'.Manius Aqui:ius the Pro-cof.d:fpatched>inde,.d;dthe (laves-war raifd mSicily, 
 
 Ot the L XX. Book. 
 'HenMitnas h<:\o\\\\ys (hoiJd plead his own def nee, or anfwer in cafe of extortion^ he would 
 not himfclftntreat Ai-.d craveth favour of the Jury . B/ieM,Antonius /;« advocat^who plea- 
 ded for him at the bayfJt his ccat d^ wm along his brefl. to (heiv the honour aiL fc.rs received in the fore- 
 part of his body '■ which being by the Judges feen-they made no doubt. but acjwt h.m. Of this things Cii.e- 
 ro is the only author. Dldius the Pro-cof. managed his wars a^ainfl the Celtib-nans ht^ppily. Ptolo- 
 mxUS K,ofC)Isnxfurnamed Apion^when he died, left the people o/Rome his heir i and the Senat or- 
 dained that the cities of his realm fhould be free, Ariobarianes was reflored to his kjngdom e/Cappa- 
 '^ocli^by L.Cornelius S^Wi.The Parthian embaffadorsfent from their X. Arfaces came unto >ylla, to 
 treat and f lie for amity with the people of Rome. P .Rucilius a man of uncorrttpf and tnnecint life, who 
 {^heing lieutenant under L.Mucius the Pro-cof, ) had defended h(-.ifrom the wrongfull de.ilings of the 
 ■JPublicans or commonfarmers {being odious to the order cfknighthoodor gentlemen of Hkomt, who nor» 
 AS Jiidges hadthejurifdiBion in their hands') was condemnedfor extortion and banijhed. C, Gen.iPUS 
 the Pr At or fought untowardlj againji the Thracians, The Senat would no longer abide the unrulimfs 
 'a>!dwilfull abufes committed by the gentlemen in exercijing of their jiinfdiilion^andtherefore beganbj 
 all means pcffible to endeavour,for to reduce andtranflate their prerogative ^-igain to.themfelves'.in which 
 enterpr:fe M.Livius Drufus a Tribune of the commons fioed in their iehatf: who to gain more jlrength 
 to the caufe^rafedthe commons by propojing unto them a pernicious hope of a largefs ,Mo:reover',in thii 
 tockjtre comprifed theji'irs and troublesofthe Kin^sinSytis, 
 
 Ofthe LXXI. Book. 
 1 Arcus Livius Dt\i(as.aTribune of thec.mmons,forthe hetter maintenance of the Senats CAufe^ 
 I abicb he had underti:ken,follicited the allies and the nations of Italy, upon hope to be enfranchi- 
 fed citiz,ens of Kome '■ by whofe ajfiflance having gone through byjirong baud, with the -Agrarian and 
 frumentari.'.n laws, he obtained aljo the f ore f aid law Judicialis, in this manner. That all'iud^ments 
 
 -il'J-f (houldpafs ind'jferentlj and equally by Senat andCentlemen, u4fter this, when the freedome of Y<omz 
 
 promijedtotheallies could not be compjfedand performed ; the Italians ina chafe andheat of choler 
 began to complot how to revolt : whofe co/iventicles, confpiracies, and orations deliveredin the affemblies 
 ar.d diets oltharPrinces^areinthis boo^ reported'. Inrcgardwhereof, LiviqsDruluS became hateftill 
 
 ' even t (it he Senat. as the author of A ^ociall war, and m bis own houfe was murdered, But by whom Goti 
 
 knoweth, ' Of the L X X 1 1. Book. 
 
 THe Italian fiatcs revolt, namely, the Picents^Veflins.^ Adarfians, Pclignians^ Marrucins,LucanSy 
 and Sarr.mts Sl^he^icent s flrfl entredinto arms and be^an the war, Qilintus Servilius the Pro- 
 cof. was Jlain in Afc ulucn ^together with all the Roman citiz,ens which were in that town : whereupon the 
 7i'hole people cf Kome put on armsandfouldiers coats, SttMias dlhi being furpnfed by the Lucan/y 
 ffcapcd captivity by the means of one woman, in whofe houfe he took_up bis lodging. Efernia and Alba, 
 \xvoColonies,wcre by the Italians befieged. After this,here arc reported the aids of the Latines and other 
 forrain nations fent unto the people of Rome : moreover j the expeditions and alternative TfPWMiHg cf f«- 
 iies,tis well by the one fide as the other, 
 
 OftheLXXIII.Book. 
 Ucius Ca:far the cofin a battell agaii ft the Samnits went down and hadthe wor/f.Nola the colony 
 tf ill into the hands tf the Samnits together with L.Poflhumius the Prittor,who there iivw/Z'*»>».M<J- 
 Tiy more nations revolted to the enemies^ for that?, Rutilius the C cnful hadf ought with loft againji the 
 MtirfianSiandloft his life in the battell, C.Marius his lieutenant had a better confiiil with the e nemies 
 inthe end and upfl^ot, Sei\'ws Sulpilins vanqui^edthe P(lignians.Q,.C!Xp\0,anoi her lieutenant o/Ru- 
 tlliusj who havingbeen by the enemies hejieged, hadfallied forth upon the enemies and got the upper 
 hand :for this good fucccfs he wot made eejuallin government ar.d ccmmandwith CMaiivSt But kerf 
 upon he grew to be too rafhy and being over-taken by an amhifhcfthe inimits was (Jain, andthe army 
 Mefeated,l..Cx(it the Confulwon a peldofthe Samnits sfor wk'ch viUory thefouldiers coats werelaid 
 "ff^g^in^t'Komt. Tet becaufetheforiuse of the fiehwould fhew i.er felfvanable^the eelcnyBffet- 
 
 nia 
 
 M 
 
 l;
 
 The Breviaries o/L.Florus. 007 
 
 rixi. together jvith M.MarcelluSjWrf/ taken hytleSamtiits. On the other /ide^ Marius in a battel v^n-^ 
 cjKi^ei the Marfia>ts^andjlew Hermius Afinnius the Pr&ior of the -''/^rrww.CCsciJius overcame 
 the Salvii that rebelUdtnthat ProvtneeofGaui beyond the Alps. 
 
 OftheLX XIV. Book. 
 
 Cl^eusVompclMSdtfconffiud the Picemstnbattcliaridheid them befie^ed: for which viElorj the 
 embroidered purpie robei, with other ornaments and badges of the Magiftrats were taken up atrain 
 andfHt on.C.lAiiiasfoHiht againfi the Marftanswith doii(>tfulleve>it.The Libertins tl en a.dnever 
 before-jiegan to ferve tnthe ji?<*r/.Aurel.Plotiust/)(f lie:<tena>it^tn a batt ell overcame theUmbnans'-like' 
 wife L.Pcrcios the Prcior vanqui[hedthe MarfianS;when at both thef: nations had rebel/ed.NkomC' 
 des tras placed again in the ksngdom ff/Bithyma,<tW Ariobazanes r/ Cappadocia.Cn.Pompeius the 
 Cof overthrew the Mar fans in a pitcht fisldJ'Vhen the City was deeply engaged andplunq^ed tn debt.fi, 
 Seaiprcnius Alellus the Pr&tor-^ bee lufe hefavefentencerejpe^lnely in the favour of the debtors^ wac 
 Jlamin the market-place by their creditorsthetiJHrers.Moreovcr ,tl.ss Lookjelateththe inrodesAndin- 
 VAfions of the Thractans into Macedony,f ojf r^^r with their wafimg of thofe parts, 
 
 OttheLXXV.Book. 
 
 AUl-Poflhumius Albinus a lieutenant General-,being ^dmira! of the fleet ^was ffpon Aninfamous 
 imputation of betraying his jotildters majfacredby hts own army. L.CorD.Sylla,rf lieutenant yover- 
 thrcrv the Samniis tnfight^and won two camps of theirs. Cd. Pompeius received the Vejiinsufon their 
 fiibmiJfionX.^Otc'iUS the Cof after fortunate fuccefs in bat tell, ard that he hadfundry t trues difcomfitsd 
 the Samnits, at he affaiedto force their camp l<ft his life : which accident gaze a^ray the Viiiory of that 
 lattellto the enemy.CokoDiUS and Luceius overcame the S.rm»tts in battellyflew Marius Egnaiius, a 
 mofi noild andrenoivnedcommandsroftheenemies-andhadmany of their towns furrendred rtp intotheir 
 hands, L.Sylla tamed the Hirpins, and defeated the Samnits in many btutels ', and certain States fub- 
 mitted unto him '■ who having atchievedfo worthy and brave exploits before his Confuljhip ^ Mfeldome 
 any other man bejides^the like) repaired toKomtfor to fue to beConfitt, 
 
 Of the L XX VI. Book. 
 A Ulus Gabinius a lieutenant, havingfou^ht fortuuatly agamfi the Lttca»s,and wonfram them ma^ 
 ny towns', as he laidjiegt to the enemies leaguer twas cut off and (lain.'iinl'^iiiMS in quality of lieute-' 
 ti.int hadthe execution of the Marrucins, andthe furrer.dcr of that whole nation. Cn.Pompeius the 
 Tro-Confultookthefubmiffionof theVuflins and Pclignians. The JUarfians likewife having been in 
 pertain battels quelled hyhMMTZVA-.and Cscilius Pinna lieutenants^craved peace, Afculum was woH 
 by Cn.Pompeius : and the Italian people by Mamercus iimylius the lieutenant were put to the fpord^ 
 S'i\oPo[)cdias.,Generalofthe Atarftanstandthe author ef the v:llany-,was (lain in battclX. Ariobarza- 
 rese/Cappadocia, <a»<i Nicomedes of Bithynia w:re driven both out of their kingdoms ^yMithri- 
 dates Kingof Pontus, Laft of all^thts book^difcourfth of theinctsrjions andjpeilthat ths Thr.uians 
 made in Macedony. ' 
 
 Of the LXXVII.Book. 
 T IT J Hen P.Sulpilius a Tribune of the Commons^ by the advice and itjflifdtionof C. Marlus had 
 ! V V premufged certain pernicious laivs. That the banijhedjhould be re flared, andnew Cttiz,ens to- 
 gether with Libertins be fort ed into Tribes' alfo that Mit'ius jhou/d be chejen General againft Mithri- 
 aatCS King of Pontus : and when he offered violence agairfl Q_. Pompeius and\^. Sy Ua the Confuls^ 
 who contradiUed his proceedings ; andhadflain thefonofVom^cim the Conful, who had marriedSyl" 
 las d.iuqhter • f/jf» L.Sylla Conful entred Rome with an army, andwithin the very City fought agamfi 
 the adverfe fide ^/Sulpitius and}AilviS,and drave them forth- of which faElion twelve were by the Sc 
 tiat fudged enemies,and amongfi them C.Marius both fat her and fan. As for P . Sulphius, when he lur" 
 l^din a certain farm-houfe of the country, wai bewraied and betraicd by his own bend'fervant : and fa 
 p:f I led forth from thence and killed. The flave,becaufe he might feem to be rewarded for revealing hit 
 Maflcr according to promtfe,was manumifedandfet free : but for his wicked treachery in betraying hit 
 own Mafler,he was thrown down the roifi^Tarpeia. C. Marius the fon crowed the fas into A'rick.C, 
 Marius the father lay hidden amongfl the marches of the Minturnians.and nuu plucked out from thence 
 f>y the townfmen : and when a certain bondfl»ve.anda Frenchman born^wasfent to kjH him he was fo af^ 
 frighted at the M(j:fly andcountenance of fo brave a man, that he went backward would not do the feat" 
 whereupon Marius was embarkedatthe charges of the City,and carried into Affrick. l-.S^Wi. reformed 
 the State of the City, and drew out from thence inhabitants to people the Co/aw/Vx.Q^.Pompeius the Cof. 
 teokjjis journey to receive the army of Cn.Pompeius the Cof. and by his counf II was yZ,((«.Mithridates 
 King of ?ODiasfeiz,fd upon Bithynia and Cappadocia ; drave out Aquilus the lieutenant,and with A 
 tni?hty army invaded Phrygia the Province of the people ef Rome. 
 
 Of the LXX VI II. Book. 
 
 MIthridates heldACM with hii garrifons ', he cafi into prifon Q_Oppius the Pro-Cn>fnl, and like' 
 wife Ac[\i\\'ias the lieutenant. Alfo by his commandment-, al/the RomanCittz-ns to/efoundi» 
 Afia,were in one day mafacred.The City Rhodes,B'/j/'c/j only continued true and ksp' a'l geance, he af~ 
 failed , but being tn certain battels atfea over come, he gave ever And rf f/Vf ^. Archelau? a chtcf gover- 
 nor And commander under the King., entred GrtCCe with an army^ fetx.edupon Athens andhe/dit^ 
 'Moreover, this bookjontaineth thefearfull trotil'lesof certain Cities and Iflands'. whiles the Inhabi" 
 tants endeavoured to draw their flatesy feme to fide with the King • ethtrS) to take part with the Ra» 
 Vitinst
 
 qq8 The Breviaries ofL.Floms, 
 
 of the LXXIX. Book. 
 
 Lucius Cornelius Cinna,<5f wh.u ttme as by force and arms he iv.hhfocd dungerom Uwiy-wnuther - 
 u^on bj hu Col'egae Cn.Oftavius, driven out of the City wtth fix 'fribum s ^fthe commom beUc^- 
 and being thus deprived ofhii rule and authority^ he became commandsr of Ap. Claudius hu army '^b 
 corrHpton : nndioyning with C.Marius andother bani^edperfons, out <»/ Affrick he marchedin warlike 
 manner <igainfi the Ctty o/Rome. In whtch war, it fortmedtk.t two brethren^ the on- o/Pompeius 
 his army^md the other ef Cinnas, encomtred m fight and knerv not one another, Now when the colqne- 
 rour was in di farming a.JJfoiling him whom he hadjlam, kefaw what he had done, and took.knonledJ'e 
 tat it VPOi hu brother : whereupon he fell into an exceeding pitwusfit of waiUng and lamentation : made 
 afunerall fire for his brothers^ corps, pabbcd himft If through thereupon, and in the fame fire was burnt 
 
 Of the L X X X. Book. 
 
 THe Italian nations were by the Senat enfranchifed, and oi-tamcd the freedom o/Rome. The Sam^ 
 nttswho only continued in^ arms banded again with Cinna a:.d Marius. By thent »J/w Plancius 
 (lain and hie army defeated.Cinna. and Mixivs together with Carbo a?td Sertorius were pofJeff, d ofli- 
 mcnlv.myina being dfcomfitedayid repelled by Oftavius theLonfi,l,retireda>iddefarted. lAuuilboi- 
 led and Lid defo/ate Aniwrn^hikh^andLanmum three Co/owes. V^hen as now the nobUiey ay.d Lords 
 of the Sey.at had no hopes at all lift to wnl^fiand the contrary faHio:;, by re4on of the cowardice and 
 treachery as well of fouldiers as leaders, who upon corruption either would not fi^ht at all^ or.lfe went 
 over to the <^dvcrfe part ; Cinna and Marius were received into Rome : who as if it hadbLi an enemy- 
 City fo; red by ap.ult. made havoc\ of all wtthfaccage and majfac-es. In thu g^rboilCv. Odsvius 
 the Co,ifiU Irfi his hfe.aidM the mbility of the other fide were murdered: aid ame:ifther'fi M An- 
 ton ius ^wjo/ elr?r^ui.^,t Orator,andC.Czht: whofe heads were fet npon the Pulpit Rdtra ToungQi^ 
 fus the fon woi by the l.orfemen ef Fimbria kjUed: andCxz{i^i. the fat her y beca^ife he would not er. dure 
 any indignity unworthyhis vertue,fclli:po» his ownfword. mthout any affemb'y or eleViion at a' 11. 
 Cinna nndQ.\An\Xi^ declaredthemfdves Confuls for the next year : andthe fame day whereon they en 
 tredt,.to their Mag.ftracy^iAziWXSca^edSt^Xv^yriins a Senator to bf throwndown tl.erock Tarpeia- 
 aid ifter rr.anj wicked and heinous outrages committed upon the Ides 0/ January . he departed out ofthk 
 world : a man whofe vices ( if they were weghed together with his vertues ) hardly couCdit be determi- 
 tied,whether he were in war a better foulder, or in peace a more dangerous Otiz.en. For the Common- 
 weal which he in his armour faved^ the fame inhis lo«ggrwnhe overthrew^ firfly with all manner of 
 crfctjage avd deceit l andlafi,by flain hofiilty and force of arms ■' 
 
 Ot the L XX XI. Book.' 
 
 LUc jus ^)]\zfiraighth beleaguered Athens,n)/;ic/; Archelaus agovernour under King Mithridare 
 held with agarrifon : and after much toil andlabour won it. 7e the City he granttdtheir lb 
 gain,and rejlorcd unto the Citts^ens all that was their own, Magneiia the only City in Afia that ~ 
 
 r.edtri-.e andlojallv.-as mcfl valia-aly defended again ffUkhndstes. Over andbefides,hertye (hair^'d 
 the exploits perfornjedby theThracians mMicedony, '' 
 
 OfiheLXXXlI.Book. 
 gYlla vaneju,(hcdin battel thepower of King lAilhnd^i&s.whiehhavwgkept Micedony in obedience 
 wMnow come intolhlidi.Hefiew onehundrcdthoufandenemies^andwas AlafleroftheCa n mI 
 tcrw>rds,whcn the war was renewed,hc dif com fixed and defeated qnite the Kings whofe army ArThelaUS 
 togetherw.th the Kings pet yielded toSyWi. L. Valerius Flaccus iheCc-^uUndcompanionin aovern-^ 
 ment with OmA.beinjrfct tofucceed Sylla, w/« (.forhis covetoufncfsjfo odious unto his army that he 
 WAS flainbyC. Fimbria ijis own lieutenant, a mofl audacious a.id dejperate perfoni. and fo the condiB: 
 and command oft he army was tranfi.ned to Fimbria. Moreover, here is recorded w! at Cities in Afia 
 Mithridates won ; hew crudly hcjpoiledandvcxcdthe Province] andhowthe Thraciansmadir^A,. 
 aiydmvafions into MKcdony. " 
 
 OftheLXXX III. Book. 
 ^tiiaiVimhr^i^frer he haddifcomfitedcertam forces of MizhriditCS won the City Prr^amu? be- 
 
 i^^hofortwo years together were Confuls of their own making) prepared war aaainj} Sylh%he means 
 
 wh loved concora a„d fought for amity, effeSiedit was in the end. that Embaffadorslhouldbe fcnt nL 
 Sylla to treat about apeare.Cmm was murdered by his ownfo.ldier<. ,„/,„» tfJJj±lai.*'''l
 
 The BreVtaries (?/L.Florus, ^^^ 
 
 of the LX XXIV. Book. 
 
 SYila returned this anfwer unto the Emiaffdiort fent nnto him from the SeKat-, That he wanldl^e 
 ordered by them-^tM cafe thofe Citiz-em wht ( ufon the hardufa^e •/Cinna) fiednnto him^mtiht be 
 reftored. The Sendt thought this 4 reafonMe cendition And jufl demand : but by niems of Caiboa/sd 
 thtitfMii»iVfho made reckpningthat war would be more coT»modi«us unto t hem yt here eKluednt^ifric- 
 ntent end aecord. Ti'^f'^rne Carbo when he vof ntitided to exaEt hufia^es »f All the towns and colonies 
 of lu^'jithereby t» bind them up»n their allegeance againfi SylU, wm by Mgener/ill confent of the Setiat 
 erojfednndinbihited. The new efifra»chifedCitiz,e»s, hyvertueofanaEi by theSenatg^ranttdy were 
 Allowed the priviledges of their fu^'ragei andvoices. QJActeWus PlaSywho had /tdcdivnh the nobility, 
 whileshe leviedwarw Affrick,B'.M hyC. f abiusf/>f Prator difcemfited: andby the futlion ofCitho 
 And thofe that folhwcd the p^rt c/Marius, ah aU: ofSenat f^pd, That all armies and forces wherefo~ 
 everjhouldbecajfed anddifcharged. The Libert ias were dilirihuted indifferently thro:ighout the five 
 and thirty tribes.BeJtdes allthuyhere is (pecifiedthe prepAratwtt of war which was rafed afainjl Sylla 
 
 Ofthe LXXXV. Book. 4 > / • 
 
 CYlla crofed the feas with an army over int0 Italy : Andwhen thofe Emhaffadors which he fe»t to 
 treat forpeacewer eh the C£)«/»/C,Norbanus evill entreated, he overcime the faidNoihmas in a 
 hattell.And when he was about to f.jf''! the c.^.mpofL.Sii^ixo the other Co»ful,with whom he had tra- 
 velledandAJfaied all >^eais to conclude peace, and could not comp.ifs it : the whole a^'my of the Coh* 
 fulinfenerall, being folicttedby fouldien jv/;ow Sylla hadfent out under-hdndto th^t purpafe, turned 
 their enfigns Unto him-ta-d followed hit /fandard.SdpiOywhen he might have been killed was let f o.Cn. 
 Pompeius,f/)tf/o« ofr/'.'»tCneuSB'A<»»'«« Afculum, enrolled an army of vol'intaries, andcame unto 
 Sylla wnh three legions : U'lto whom alfo the nobility all and whole ranged themfehes 5 fo as abauion- 
 ingtheCtty they repairedtothe rtmp. Finalfy^nthis bookjeport ismade of the expeditions performed 
 by Captains of buth fides throughout all Italy. 
 
 Of the LXXXV I. Book. 
 
 T Hat year whereii CMil'iViS (thefon 0/ C.Marius ) was by forcible means andjfrong hand crea- 
 ted Conjul before he was twenty years of age \ C. Fabius in Affrick was burnt guicl^in his orvK pa - 
 vilionfor hu blo:-dy cruelty andgreedy avarice. L.Philippus,/«ffer?»ir/»«f unt» Syllaj/fiif^Sardiniajrt/- 
 ter he had difetmpcd j«(iyZi«/«Q^ Antonius the Pr-ef or.Sylla contraU:ed a league with the fiat es oflti- 
 ly, teput themoutoffear that he would not bereave then%of their freedom of Komta^id liberty of fsif" 
 frages lately granted unto them. In Ukfi manner^ upon4Jfured confidence ( that he had already) of un- 
 doubted vi^ory^he commanded all thofe that were tn fute and re forte d unto himforjurifdiElion, to ad- 
 journ their apparance in Court ^and to appear at Rome. Whiles the City yet was divided and dfiraEled 
 two waie/, L.DamafippUS the Prxtor, having according to the will aid pleafure of C.Maiias the Cof, 
 gathered the Senat together-) maff acred all the nobility ofthe City. Out of which number Q^ Mutius 
 Scivola the arch-Ponttfie^as he fled was in the very porch and entry of Veftans Temple murdered.Be- 
 fideSithts book^containefh the rear renewedby'L MviXDi a gain j} Mithridates/';? Aha, 
 
 Of the LXXXV II. Book. 
 CYWi after he had difcomftedandoverthrewn the army ofCl'iil\m^nearapl.icecalltdSiCx'\^ox\Xi5, 
 befieg-d him within the town Prf nefte. The City c/ Ro: le he recovered out oft'je ha-:us of his ene- 
 mies : and when Marius made an offer tofally forth yhe repelled him. Moreover y this book^cjntaiuah 
 the exploits atchieved by his lieutenantj-twith the lik^c fortune of t hut fide in all places. 
 
 Of the L X X X V 1 1 1. Book. 
 C Ylla after that he had defeated and put to thefword the army ^/Carbo at ClufiumjFaventia,WFi- 
 detilh'jchafed him forth o/Italy. JVith the Samnits^ mho nlone of all the Italian nations h-^d not ya 
 Lttddown arms^he fought one fina.'l battel f andv-intjuifhedtheat near the City of KomZ-^even btfon the 
 cateCo\\\ni: and thus having recoveredand ^ot into hishandthe a'folute vianagingof tbefiats^he 
 polluted andfiain'd this pfofl goodly a ndbeattt if: U victory with thefouUfi cruelty that ever man com- 
 mitted.He cut the throats of Scoo in the great hofilry called ViWi Publica, even thoffthat h^d yielded 
 thcmfelves.He fet up the talk of profcription and outLiwry.Tht City »/ Rome atrd dl Italy thrmtghoUt 
 fillcdwith maff acres. Amongtherefi he caufcd ^H the Print fiins-, dijarmdas they were-, to be p.ain, 
 MariuSi a Senator by calling-, he killed m this matner, by break^ing his arms and legs, ly cropping his 
 ears, and digging out his eyes. C.Mzuas befiegedrnthinVixodit by L\iClfil\\is A^tli and that Jide 
 with Sylla j when he fought means ofevafion by a mine under the ground-, feeing how he was environed 
 by the a>-my,Jlerp himfelf within thefaid mine' for perceiving that he could n:t efcape, he andVonXMS 
 TelefinuSjf fciff aecompamed him i:i thisfUght^ran one at the tiker with their drtiwn nakjdfvords ■ and 
 when he had killed him^and was himfelfhurt, he found fo much kjndnefs at hit [laves hands as to make 
 an end of him cjuite. 
 
 Ofthe LXXXIX. Book. 
 
 LUciusBiuus/f»t/'-tfw»Cn.PapyriusCarbO) who was amvid tt Corey ti in a flpfer boat to Lily- 
 hxttm,in efpicjll to fee whether ?omfcy were there: being co pajfed a>j J hemmed in round about 
 by thofe vefels which Potnpey hudfent outJMrnedhis fwords pa., 10 his body, and fet thep ^mmell a- 
 gainfl .-'f-at within the boat andfo bending forwardwith thepoije of: is bodr ^ ha ^•ercedtbrnH{ih anddi- 
 ^(^.Cn.HompeiiK j>«t bythe Senat with full commijfion of rule .ind eo--inia>idiooi.^Cn. C'rho n^-if oner, 
 rvhowas ayrivedi^the Iflar.ds Coffura, and flew him, whokept iipulmg andweepm?, like a .voman, 
 when he (hoiild ji/*,Sylla became Dilator, and that which never any mur had done he fides him,kept his 
 port abroad wt'h 2-^tt^ers or LiSiors going before him with their rods and axes. He altered the State, 
 
 Qqqq 3 M^
 
 jooo "I^be Breyiaries ofh. Florus. 
 
 s; 
 
 a ndinthat Innovation eflablijhedit.TheTribHues of the Commons he abridged of their aHthoritjt and 
 tvholly depnvcdthcm of their power to prefer and e(labli^ laws. The Colledg of the Pomifies and Ait- 
 fitrs l.e ampl'fied and angmented/o the number of 1 J. The body cftheSenat he fuppUcd out of the or- 
 der ef Gentlemen.The children ofthofe whom he hadprofcribedand outlawed he drjubled for being ele- 
 irible to any honourable o^ce-^and of their goods made port-fJe^ 'whereof at firji he feiz,ed much by vio- 
 * i7'7fo ''''• lenceiVnd hadit away. A mighty mafs of money he raifedthereof^ amounting to * a hundred and fifty 
 millions ofSeflerccs. He commanded Q..Lucretius Oiellas to be killed in the very Forum of Rome./or 
 that he trefamedwithoKt hti leave andlicencetofue for aConfulfbip: andwhen the people 0/ Rome 
 ■0ere hi^fhly offended at this indignity-)he affembledthem to^a pubhke audience-) and before them avowed 
 thefdil and took^it upon him. Co. Pompeius in Affrick van(]uifhedandflew in battell Cn.Domitius, 
 one of the profcrift outlaws : and\:^UthiS King of the NumidianSywho prepared to levy war. He being 
 but four and twenty years of age, and no better as yet than a gentleman of Rome ( a thing that never 
 any man attained unto ) triumphed over Aftrick. C.Norbanus, a man who ha d been ConftJy and noiv 
 profcript and outlaived, was apprehended in the City of Rhodes, andthereuponjlew him f elf. Mutilus 
 tihewife one of them that were outlawed andout of prote^ton, being come privily difguifed with hu head 
 covered to the b.tckdoar of Baftia hfs wives houfe, was not let in^ for that jhefaid he was an outlaw Z 
 whereupon he-took^ the flab at his own hands-, and with his own heart iloud befprmkled the door of his 
 ^ wives /:j(7<//> .Sylla recovered and won again Nola in Samnilim. He brought f even and forty legions into 
 the lands conquered from the enemies, planted them t herein^and divided the grounds amongfi them. He 
 befte^cdthe fon?« Volaterri) which yet flood out and bare arms, and at length upon furrender^ot it. 
 Mitylenx alfot the only City in h(\h (which after that Mithtiducs was fubdued maintained war)was 
 £rcd and r^4cd down to the ground. 
 
 Of the XC.Book. 
 
 Ylla depa--tedthis life^and this hcnt nr was done unto him by the Senat, that he was enterred in Mars 
 
 ^fiild. M. Lepidus ^oi>ig about to cancell and aholifh the a[ls of Sylla, raifed new war ' and by Q, 
 
 Catulus ( his compMion in gover,iment ) wa4 driven out of Italy : and when he prepared to wage war 
 
 tClfdpm Qutto no efel})inS3,rd\Tni^th-re he peri(hedandcame to his death. M.Qtniyxs ivho held* Lumbivdyy 
 
 CaSia, y^as by Cn.Pompe'iUS (l.iin. Q^znotWiS, another profcript out -law .levied a great war in the nether- 
 
 linds of Spain.Luciiis Manlins tie Pro-Conful^and M.Domlcius a lieutenant-,were in fight overcome 
 
 by Hercuieius the treifurer.Moreover-^this hook^containeth the a&s performed by P, Servilius ( he Pro' 
 
 Cofiful aiainfi the Cilictans, 
 
 Of the XCI. Book. 
 
 CNeus Pompeius, being as yet but a gentleman of Rome, was fent with full conf^ifflon of Confu- 
 lar commaKdagainflSznonas. C r tain Cities had SenotlVts won by aff'ault, and breught under 
 many States to be a'- his devotto/i. Ap. Claudius the Pro-Conful overcame the Thracians in divers and 
 fundry battels. Q_. Metellus the Pro-Confi-.l defeated and flew L. Hirculeius the treafurer of Seitorius, 
 with all hk army. 
 
 Of the XCI I. Book. 
 
 C'^tnsVom\)e.\\\%hithcrio fought with Senoiius in dot-tbtful e'^ent, fo as of both parts ^ one of 
 the wings andpotnts of the battell bad the better hand. Q.. Seriorius overthrew in fight MeteUus 
 and Perpenna with twoarmies, Pompeius defirous to carry away his partinthat victory, entred into the 
 fiild.biit made nefavinggameof it. AfierwardsStttonMS was bejiegedwithin Czhomium, bu by 
 daily and contimiall fillies forth. gave the enemies that lay in fiege within as good as they bra:sght. Over 
 andbefidcs, herein are containedthe deeds atchieved ^/Curio the Pro-Co»ful i» Thrace againft thofe 
 Dardanians-) together with fundry cruel and bloudy parts plaied by Q.Sertorius, even with thofe of his 
 own fide. For many of his own friends, andfuch as were with him sutlawed, upon imputations of treafon 
 tret ended agaiffi thcwy he put todeinh. 
 
 Of the XCI 1 1. Book. 
 
 PUb'.ius Servilius, the Pro-Co>iful in CWich, fubduedthe Jfaurians, andrvon certain towns of the 
 Pr.-ats. Nicomedes Kiyig of Bilhynia at his death made the people of Rome his full heir, and his 
 l^inn dom was reduced into thi form of a Province. M^xthndzt&s coyitraEled a league with SertoriUS,<»Ka 
 w.iffedwar a^ai>:fi the people of Rome. 'Herein ii fhswed the great preparation of war that the King 
 made as well by land as fea^and how hefciz^ed upon Bithynia.M. Auielius Cctta the Confulwas in bat- 
 tell v. tncjiufhed by the King at Chalcedon, Moreover ^ this book^containeth the exploits of Pompeius 
 <»Kti Metellus ^M/>y? Sertorius, who in all warlike feats and martiallprowefs was eejuall unto them^ 
 Plutarch other, whom alfi herafedfrom the fiege before the townCzh^yuivm, and compelled to go into divers coun- 
 wife in Strttr /r/^jPompeius into 'the farther Province o/Spain, and Pompeius into Gallia. 
 "««• Of the XCI II I. Book. 
 
 Lucius Lucullns the Conful fought againfi Mithridates andm horfe-fervice hadthe better handof 
 him. Certain r odes he made wit h good fuccefs ; and when his fnuld-ers called hard upon him for bat- 
 tttheftaidthemfrom mutiny.Dc'iOtiWSfateirarch of daWogrxciz, defeated the captains of K. Mi- 
 thridates whalevud war in Phrygia. Moreover, this book containeth the fortunate atchicvements of 
 Pompeius againfi Sertorius in Spain. , 
 
 Of the XCV. Book. . 
 AiusCurio the Pro-Conful van^uifhedandfubdued the Dardanians in Thrace. Threef core and 
 fourteen fvord-plaiers s/Capua fled out of the fofe-fchool of Leuwlus at Capua : who haviaggar 
 thered.together a number offiaves^and hired hinds./aifed war under the leading o/Chryfus <j;;^Spar- 
 
 tacus> 
 
 c;
 
 The Breviaries o/L.Florus. iqo i 
 
 ticaSiaf7dva»^ff'lhedinplai»fie/d,C\.?akbeta/teme»ant3 <iWP.Vacinius thePrator. L.Lucullus 
 the Pro-Confitlrvtth the famine andthe jrvordtogether tamed and fuhdited thehoflof Mithridates at 
 the Ctiy Cizitus : and when they had chafed hiTU out ofBichyniaj after m.iny overthrows in war-, And 
 misfortunes of fh'pwrack^at fea^wherewith his heart woi quattedyhe comfdUdhimtope into Pontus 
 
 Of the X C V I. Book. 
 
 OUintUS ArriU:? the Orator defeated and flew Chryl'us the captain of thefugitives^ andwith him 
 2O00O mey:, Caius Lentulus the CoKfttl received a foil and overthrow at the hands of Spartacus 
 He a' fa overcame lufljht Lu.Gellius the Conful and Qiiintus Arrius. Sercoriils was at a banket [lain 
 hy Manius Antonius^/z^M. Perpenna with other corijpirators tn the etght year of hts dukedgm. ui 
 captain and brave warrior he was. He fought with Pompeius <t>?(/Metcllus, two famous Generals and 
 Commanders. Many a time he faved his own^but more often he went away winner^ howbeit-, in the end 
 he was abandoned and betraied. Thefoveraign command of that fide was made over to Marcus I Per- 
 penna, ] whom Cn. Pompeius vanc/mjhedj toek^ pnfoner and /lew : fo about the tenth year after the 
 ivar ie^anjje recovered Spain. C.Caflius the Pro'Conful,and Cneus Manlius the Prater were foiled by 
 Sp3Hi(.u$tnthefiifdia»d that war fvas committed over to the managing and con dii^ «/M.Craffusf/?e 
 Prator. 
 
 Of the X C V 1 1. Book, 
 
 4 
 
 MArcUS Craflus the Pmtorfirfi fought with a power of the fugitives aforcfaid^confifiing- of French- 
 men and. Germans ^andivon the better- for he [lew 'i')000 enemieiy^ndthetr captain Gnnicxxs^ 
 ^fttr that ihe warred againliS^ixliCWSf kj/ledhim alfo and^occowith him. Manius Antonius f/)e 
 TrAtor mamtainid rv.-.r HrfortPtr.atdy againfl th^ Cretenfianstand by his death it took^an e;:d.\Ji LucUl- 
 lus tht Pro-C.o>f::l brought the Thraciansundf-r fubjcHion. L.Lucullus hadthe tipper handin a battell 
 of Mithridates mPonias^and [lew above 6oocof/;fw/>/.M.Craflus<iWCn, Pompeius were created 
 Coff.a>d as Craffus immediatly out vfhis Prarorfhip fieppedto that dignity. fo Pompey was ofagentle- 
 m^ nof Rome and no better advanced thereanto, even before he Wid born the office of freafurer. They 
 re[lored air tin the Tribunes power and .•uthonty. By the mea.s of Aurelius Cotli,t he prehemmence of 
 Judges a/fowas tran[lated f^nto the Gentlemen of Kome. Mithtidittsfeeing his own ejlate lying in df- 
 ffjatryfied unto TigraneS King of himsim for fuccoari 
 
 OftheX-CVIlLBook, 
 
 MAchareJ thefon of Mitbridates,76W^ of Bolphorus, was by L.Lucullus received into amity.Oal 
 LsDlulas andL.GtWiastheCenfoys admin'fircd their office with great feverity and rigour-) and 
 dipofed 60 from Senators dignity' they alfo held a revivw and purgedthe City, Enrolledt here were 
 45 0000 CitiMns of Rome.L.Metellus Lord Prdtor in Sicily/<7«^/jf fortunatly againjl thepyrats and 
 rovers. The Temple of Jupiter in the Capitoll-^rvhich by fire had been confumed,was re-edified by Q.Ca- 
 t\i.\is,and dedicated i/w^w.L.Lucullus in Armenia difcomfitedm many ^<?f(f/j Mithridates and Tigra- 
 neS-iV'V/j a mighty power of both Kings. Q^Metellusr/ie Pro-Conful having the charge of the wara- 
 gainji the CandiotSy bcjicged the City * Cydonia. C. rriarius,<t lieutenant under Lucullus received a , chanU or 
 /o/Zu/Mithridates m fight, Lucullus was impeached andftaidfor purfuinir Mithridates and TigraneS cnw*. 
 that he couldnot accompl (h his victory by occafion of a mutiny among his ownfouldiers, whowoulJ.not 
 follow ^bccaufet he Talerian legions forfookJLac\l\\\iS, ^.//edging that they had fervedtheir time fully out. 
 
 Of the XCIX. Book. 
 
 OllintUS Metellus the Pro-Conful forced ly a fault GnofosXyfluSjCydonia, and many other Ci~ 
 ticslin Crete J L.Rofcius a Trib. of the Com, pHtl'fhcd a law, that the gentlemen of Rome fhoald 
 Le allowedthc 14 next feats in the fcajfolds of the Thea:re,to behold the games andplaies. Cn.Vompzl- 
 US being commanded h a law promu/gedunto the people for to pttrftte the rovers abovefaidy who had de- 
 barred andcut ojf dl commerce for cornandvtHuals.within'j^ d.ztcs ridthe fea cfthem gfiite^and af- 
 ter the war with themfinifhedin Ciiicia, he receivedthcm upon jubmifflon, and gave therh Cities and 
 lands to pjjfefs. Moreover. this bcokjcontaineth the worthy e.vploits of (XJsicieWtiS againfl theCretenfi-^ 
 ans.The letters alfg 0/ MetelluSrfw^ Cn.Pompeius,/f«t/ro»;f/jf one to the other: /« nj/^/cA Metellus, 
 comp'uincth that Pooipeius by fending his own lieutenant into Crete, to receive the furrendcr and ho- 
 mage of the Cities there -a-inullid andpaffed by the glory of thofe aH^s which he had atchieved,PomfU.~ 
 US a^atn readsrcth a reafon thereof, ar.dalledgeth thatfo he ought to do. 
 
 Of the C.Book. 
 
 CAiUb Manilius,4 Trih. of theCom, preferred a bill.to the exceeding dijp/eafure and indignation of 
 the r.ovlss^That the war ag;ain[l Mithridates Ih'uld be affi^ned ta Pompey. Uis fpeech to the peo- 
 ple imported and it as ejfectuall.Q^.MtieWm havimrfubd cdthe Cretenfans gave laws unto that Ijland 
 which untiUtbat time eiayedfreedoyft of State.Qn .Pompeius )vf«f his journey for to levy tvar againfl 
 Mithridates,rfwiin'/f/j Phraates, 7w«^ of the Parthiansjje rencwedthe league. In a battell performed 
 bv hjrf:'-fiyv!cc he overcame M-khndiie"!. Jlfo herein is contained the tuar, firfi bttween?hliates 
 Ki'ig of the Parthians, and Tigrancs King of the Armenian: : afterwards between Tigrancs thefon 
 and his father. 
 
 Of
 
 lOOl 
 
 The Breviaries o/L.Florus. 
 
 of the C I. Book. 
 
 CNeus Pompeius t/<««^«//^*i/Mithridatei /«<i yattcUfeHght hy nightt and comf died him to^ie 
 •0 ' Borphorns.W* rectived ligranes nfon hu f»4i>mt£it»'A»dwhe» he had taken from htm Syria, 
 Phiricia><<"<^ C\i\<i\iihe gave htm agtun thckingdem «/ Armenia. Their e*»jpirt>cyiwhi> having hee» 
 coiidcnttiedfor the tnordtnat and ambttieus futt of the Ceufifljtf^ were cenfederedto kili the C onfuls-^tvas 
 fHrpnfedandditfht. CD.Vom\)eiliS following the chafe tifier MithtidaceS) entred into far remote cenn- 
 • Geore'ianJ « tries and unknown nations.The * Iberians and Albans who would not grant himpajfageyhe overcame in 
 this day. battell. Over and be fides, this book.(heweth how MilhridatCS j?ff«/^J' Colchii and Hcniochi, and what 
 
 hiS ails rvert »» Bolphorus. 
 
 Of the CI I. Book, 
 
 "Hehadfoor- 
 dinaiily ufed 
 a notable An' 
 tidote or pfc- 
 fervative,c»l- 
 ledncvf Mi 
 thndaief'itit 
 ibe ooylbn 
 woald DOC 
 work. 
 
 • oriUegod- 
 
 dtit ten*. 
 
 • ifirbone. 
 
 • Great. 
 
 CN.Pompeius reducedthe realm ef Pontus into the form of a Frovinee. PharnaCeS the f on o/Mi-* 
 thridates made rv^'-r upon his ov/nfathert by whom Mithlidtces vas bejteged within his own royall 
 Court and Pel ace. Where upon he dra»k foifon^andfeeing tt w4t net * effeiluJl andflrong enough todif- 
 f.iteh him-, he was Izilledbj a Frenehfouldier, namedhitccivs, vhofe helping hand he recjuefiedfer to 
 rid him out of the world. Cti.^om^tlWS fubduedt he "jews : their famtius Ttmple of Jeiuralem? which 
 untillthat day never hadfufferedahufe andvieleuee^he forced amiwoH.CiU\iDe,b]/ oecafitnthathehad 
 twice fuffered a repulje tnfumg to ieConful', eon(ptred together rftth'LfmxXiiyil the Prater ■, GcthegUS, 
 and many others -,10 mafatre the Confuls and the Senat, to fet the City on pre, andto fubvert and over- 
 threw the State of the Common-weal., andto this furpofe h»dlevted an army in Tuicaay. This treafon 
 Sndeonfpiracy was by theindufiry of M. Tollius Ckcto deteBed and foundtut. Catiline was banifhed 
 theCity.Thertfiof his fomf lues and adherents every one fuftred de/tth acctrdingly. 
 
 ^ OfiheCIII.Book. 
 
 ChvX\nt.,togethe'- with his army w/u f;' C. Antooius the PrO'Ctnful defeated a>id Jlain, P.Clodlos 
 was accufed for tntrtng (in the ha ^tt and apparel of a wotha»)that * Chapfel which it was net law 
 full for a man toga into, and nttwtth^^md'ng he had committed adultery with the archpentifices wifcy 
 jet hewas acquit aidwent clear amay.CTi.^om^e\}i%tht Prdtor vatit]iiip7edatSo\oDZthe yillobroges, 
 ■who had rebelled.?. Clodius left the nobslityyundrangedhimfelf with the Com. C.Cxiilfubdued the 
 *I'»rtugils. At what time as he was in eleElton t» be C of, and went about to invade and make kaveck^of 
 the C.f^'there arop a conspiracy among three of the moji principal perjon ages of the CiijijCB.Pofflpei- 
 us,V.CrAfi^us,<?wrf C.Caefar.T/;^ Agrarian laws were by Caefar the Cef. publijhed with great finfe and 
 eont'Ktien '.the Senat was uy.willtng thereunto i but by the ether C*f. M, Bibulus theypafed. C.Au- 
 lor\\viAPrc'C frtl I'iThtidi.lpedbut b-adly in his war-af^airs.M.Ciceio.was banifhedthe City byver- 
 tue of^n iiB p> omulged by P.Clodius Tribune of the Commons.^ for that he had put to death certain 
 Roman Citix,tns uncond. m>:ed, Cifar made a voyage into the Province ofGixAiwhere hefubduedthe 
 Helvetians-, a vagrant and natdring nation in thofe daiesy who feekjng a place to inhabit, intended 
 through the Province of Cxar to travel/ into* Nitho. Moreover^ it containeth the Jituation of 
 Fran e. Vownp^ias triumpi:'ed overti/e children o/Mithridates, alfo overV^gimtsandhis foa^and by 
 one voice andgenerall eonfint of the whole ajfembly wasfaluted by the name ef ' Magnos. 
 
 Of the C I V. Book. 
 
 T He forepart of this boek_comprifeth the /its anddtfeription, together with the manners of Gttmi- 
 ny , C. Cxfar at what time as he led his army agai>jfi the Germans-, at the requcfl of the Hed'-.aHt 
 and Se<j!:a :ia-JS-i whofe territory by them was pefft^ed^ andwho under the coudal} of Atiovirtus were 
 come dotvnjnto France, by an Ora'ion to his army /iaidthe timorous dijpefitioti of the fouldiers., which 
 arofe upon the fear they had of nerv and jiran^e enemiest vanejuifhedthe Germans in plain fight-, and 
 drave them clean out s/Francc.M.Cicero,^;/ means of Pompeius(>p/)<» among others made an Oratiom 
 in his hehalf ) ^Wof T.Annius Milo, a Tribune of the Commons^ who Itkewife pleaded his caufe, wot 
 with the exceeding joy ofthe Senat andall Italy called home from f*//f.Cn. Pompeius had commiffioK 
 for five year [J!ace,to look^imto theprevijien of corn and vifi u^ls. Cx(at overcame in fight the Ambiaufy 
 Sucffians-,Vironjanduans-f Atrebaies {nations all of the Bclgr ) of whom there WM an exce dtng multim 
 tudc,aKd received thini upon yteldtngto hisproteElion. Afterwards he fought with p-rjfmg great hax,ard 
 and jeopardy againfithe Nerviix?/!)? eftheforefaidStutes, andinfi»c utterly dff^royed and extiuguifhed 
 their whole ge^iert ion: far they hMwagedwar fo lang^unttll of tOCOO rwed >, e therertmaincdhut 
 ^co.andofc^^ oftheir Noblemen three o'ly efc ^ped andnomore I be-rep-.ff'dalaw fortoreduceQ<j' 
 prus into the form of a Province and to cofifcat the Km^stre.^fure' by vnu rvhereof. the managing 
 of thut affair was committedto C.CatO. Ptoloma'DS Kim(r ofJEzypyf^feredmanywrongsandtyiiurieg 
 athis own fubjeEls handle and' ehig by them expelled out of his kjvgeLim cme to'Rnmc. C.Cxfaviu/t 
 battell atjen vancjuifhed the Venet)aits.a State and City feated in the very Ocean. Lajl ofalU it reporteth 
 exploits bj his Lieutenants performed with Itkegoodfortune, 
 
 Of
 
 The Breviaries of h. Floras. lob^, 
 
 of the CV. Book.' 
 
 ATrvhat time M the afemtlyfor elcBion of Mag^tJI rates might be holden^lry reAfonefthe negatives 
 andinhihitioKS ofC. Cato a Trib.ofthe Com. the Se»at generally in token of farrow put on monr- 
 rtingweeds. M.CatO in hufutefor a Pr atorfhif fujfered a refulfe^ and Vatinius nat preferred before 
 him. The fame Vaiinius when he wo'^id have impeached the law,whercby were granted to the Coff', the 
 Provinces for five jears-, ««roPoinpey the government of bothS^lim, untodi^MiS^XlZAyjdthe Par' 
 thian war^and unto Clfar France and Germany, wm l>y C.Trebonius a, TibtineoftU Commons, aid 
 the firfl maker of the faidlarv^committedtoprtfan. M.Gabinius f^c Pro-Conful eJiabli[hedVlo\omx- 
 US ag-ain in the kingdom of M^'<j\)l-,anddifeiz.ed Archelaus whom they hadfet ftp for their King.Cxi'it 
 after he had var!qHt(hed andptft tofword the Germans in France, crofsed over ths Rhcne, andfubdued 
 that part of Germany which is next thereto : which done^ he fuled over into Brittain with mnch trouble 
 and damage^ by reafon of the crofs and contrary winds whiles hewoi atfea ; and he Jpediittle better 
 when he was there : but after he had f. am a mighty great number of men^ he brought intofubjeH'ion thi 
 refiof the JJland. 
 
 Of the CV I. Book, 
 
 IUlia da;4ghter to Cifar and wife to Pompeius dcp.trted thii lije-and had thii furp.i/fing honour done 
 unto her iy the people, di to be emerred in^iXsfiAd. A^any of the States of Ytznc&revoltedby the 
 leadji^g of Aaibiorix a Duke of the Eburom^ by whom Cotta and T. Aurunculeius the lieutenants of 
 CxUX^were by an ambufcado firprifed and environed-,and by means thereof they and the armies where- 
 of they had the condtiEl were p-'t to thefwerd. And at what time as the camp of the other legions dfo 
 was bepeged, afstild, andwith difficnlty defended^ and among them Q^Cicero, who was Lord Preji~ <■ 
 
 dentoftheTrevircs ; the enemies were by Qx\ilhimfelf in perfon overthrown in f^ght. M.Craffus «;i^ 
 tending to war upov the Parthians pufsed over the river Euphrates, and being van^utjhed in battel 1-, 
 wherein his fonwM flatly rfter he hadraUiedthe broken ends of his army ^ and retired them toalittle 
 hill,he mas trained forth by the enemies (whofc Captain was Sxiltnisyo a parley and treaty ofpe>tce-,and 
 thereupon attached' but b:rca-:fe he would not fuffer any indignity And villany alive-yhe maderefiflaaces 
 and in thatftrtigUng of his was (lainy andthere an end of him. 
 
 Of the C VII. Book, 
 
 CAius Cxfar having v^lni^;:r[hedthe Trevirs in Gaul, pa fed over the fecond time into Germanyv 
 but finding no enemy there to make head, returned into FnTiCC-, where the Eburons and other Ci-i 
 tieswhich hadeonlpired.he overcame,p»t their K.Ambionxtoflight,a>jd folUwedhiminchafe.The bo" 
 dy of P.Clod'MSfi. tin i» the high way Appia near Bovilla: by T, Anniiis Milo a competitor of the Con- 
 fuljhipjthe Commons o/Rome b'-rnt ir. a fc.ner all fire within ths Curia[Ho(Hlia.] By occafitn ofafe- 
 ditious variance between two Candidates for a Co-/:ful[hip^namcly, Hypfeus Scipio, and Milo, who with 
 force and arms tried the i(f:!e by the ears j Cn. Potnpeius wasfent out of the Senat to fupprefs fuch *'- 
 nermous debates. Created Conful he was the third time in his abfence, and(which prerogative no man 
 ever had^alone without CoUeguc.A commiffionwas granted forth to fit upon the death of Pah, Clodius, 
 by vertue whereof Milo wM judicially condemned, and hadhit judgment to be bantfhed. A bill was pro~ 
 pofed, that C.Cacfar notwithflanding he was ahfcnt-fhould be accepted of in the eleBion ofConfuls^albeit 
 M.CatO was unwilling thereio^and ^ainfaid it. Moreover, this bookjontaineth thewarlikea^lsatchit-, 
 ved by C.Cxfar agmnjl the Gauls(who generally in manner revolted Jundcr the leading of VercingetO" 
 I'l-athe Arvernian: alfo the painfull ficges of cCtainQities., andnamelyj »/f Avarinm<»*BiturigeSj * Bourgi^t, 
 and* Gergo\hinhvsvCT°ne, MiiBfrr;.. 
 
 plermoatc 
 
 Of the CVIII. Book, 
 
 "^AinsCxhtvan^iiifhed the Gauls at* Alexia, and received all the Cities in Vx^nct wfvch had * AlWj, 
 '^^beentn arms, into his prote^ion upon their fubmijjion. C. CafTiU? thetreafurerofM.Cviffas, put 
 the Parthians to the fword who had pajfcdover intoSytli, ^.Cito fnei to be ConfuL andhadthere- 
 fulfe^ <i«^Ser.Sulpitiiis with M.Marcellusjp^rf created Coufhh-C. Cs-dx fubduedthe * Bellovaci, i, uo umf-^l 
 with other States andCities in France. Aljo it containeth the Jlrife and debate between the Confulsa- 
 bout fending ofafuccefor to C.Cifar. For M.Marcellus the Confulvas earnefi in the Senate thttt Cx- 
 faffhottldcometojlaiidfor aCo»ful[hip, conftderi»gthat he byalaw made inthat behalf waste go'serit 
 his provinces unto that time of his Confuljhif. Laft of all, the martialt deeds of Mix, Bibulus in Syria 
 are here reported. 
 
 Of the ClX. Book. 
 
 T'ffe caufes of the civillwar and their beginnings be here fet. down, 7 he contentions likfW'f* ^"^ettt 4 
 fuccejfor to befent in lieu ofCxizt) who denied flatly to dfmifs the armies,unlefs Pompey alfo dif-. 
 
 fhargid
 
 I004 
 
 The Breviaries ofL, Floms. 
 
 t Leridi, 
 
 ddorfot 
 
 ' Stritry, 
 
 ? cordons. 
 
 "ThAtred his forces. Moreover, this hoktreateth of the aBio^s preferred hy C.Cuno, a Tribitfte oft he 
 Conmofts fir A a/ai'ft Cxiil,a>jd afterwards for him. ff^en there pajfedan a^ of the Senat ^that one or 
 other wit hofft fail jhoHld be emfloied tofucceed Csfar,M. Antonius and Qu.CafllaSjtjro other Tribune: 
 ( for that by their negative and inhibitions theyfeemed to crofs andfia y that aEl ) were exp-lled the Ci- 
 tr and a cammiffion was dtreBed by the Senat to the Co»f»is-,a»d to Cn.Pompeius, ;» this form {To fee 
 that the Common-weal ffiained no damage. CCscfar intending tofsrfecute his adverfury, came with 
 his army /«to Italy .Corfinias together w/f/^L.Domitius <i>3^L.Lentulus he tookpnfonerSiand let them 
 go Again : but Cn.Pompeius, Wf^f nfi of that fide he utterly chafed forth o/Iiaiy. 
 
 Of the ex. Book. 
 
 CAiuS Csfar hefiegei MalTileS, which hadfhnt the gates againfi him : who leaving C.Trebonius 
 and D Brutus at the fiege^took.iijoHrney into S'^iirifwhere he received upon fubmiffion Lu.Atrani- 
 US and C Petrems,rwo lieutenants of Pompeius, together withfeven legions at ' Iletda, afjd dijmtfftd 
 them dl with no harm done unto them. Varro aljo a lieutenant ef Pompeius, together with his amy 
 came under his obeifance. The Gaditans he enfranchifed and gave the City unto. The yiajfilians after 
 two overthrows infea-fightj and a long fiege which they had endured, ftibmittcd at lafi a.id were at the 
 devotion ofCx(zl. C.Antonius a lieutenant ofCxiivfoHght an unfortuy:ac battel aga-nfi the Pompei^ 
 tins andtn \^l\<xm.'va«takenprtfoner: duringwhieh war, the inhabitants of * OfkeTg\vm,beyondthe 
 riwyof Padus (who were the auxiliaries of Cxdl ) feeingtheir chaiyied bridge of boats andlighten 
 lockedtip andfafi(hut within the enemies Jhips^rat her than theywouldfallintsthe hands of their en mieSf 
 ranoneifp^n another.anddted everyone.C.Cmio,alieutenant of C£(at in hfftkk,after hehadfofight 
 azainflV itos a captain of the Pompsians.wos together With hn army defeatedf and cut in peeees ^7 j U« 
 ba King of Mauritania, cellar /«/<r«i thefeas ever into Greece. 
 
 Of the CXI. Book, 
 
 ^AiusCxcilius Rufus the Prttor going about to raife commotions andfeditionsallthafeverhe 
 ■^^ could within the City^and having follicited the commons upon the hope of canctlUng all del t-books^ 
 woffirfi defofedfrom his iAagtfiracy-,and after driven out of the City. Then he banded with Mile a ba-- 
 titled perfon, who had levied a power of fugitive outlaws : hut both of them in this preparation of war 
 camefhort of their purpofe andwere flain. c\eoY>ntA ^ueen of J£oy^t was by her brother Ptolovnzus 
 expelled out of her kinq^dom.By reafon of the avarice and cruelty ofQ^. catulus the Pr<etor,the* Cor- 
 dubians in S'^ix'aitogether withtwo Parian legious,revolted from Caefar andhis fide . cn.Vom\>ems woi 
 beftepedby csfar^it Brundulium: but havingwon his fconces with the guards thereto belonging, and 
 that with zreat lofs of the adverfe partyhe was delivered from theftege. But after the war was tranfla^ 
 ted into Theffalv 5 he was at Pharlalia in a battel overthrown.There remained flill within the camp c i- 
 cero,4 man by nature framedfor nothing more unfit than war. Cxizx pardoned all thofe of the adverfe 
 fart, who after his viElory fubmitted themfelves to his mercy. 
 
 Of the CXI J. Book. 
 
 H'Brein is relatedthe fearful condition ofthatfidewhich was vanqw^ed-,andhow they fled infundry 
 parts of the world. cn.Pompeius being arrived in ^gypt, by the commandment o/PtolomeuS 
 the King as yet an infant under age ; andperfwafion o/TheodorUS his teacher and fchoolmafier, wha 
 ■might of all other over-rule the K.mofi ; alfo of one Photinus, was killed by the hands of Achilla,o;;fi 
 who hadawarrant to execute that feat, even in the very barge before he was landed. But Cornelia hit 
 >>?«/f<««^SextUS Pompeius his fan fled backj^to Cyprus, cxhx three dates after the forefaidviBorj, 
 purfued Pompeius .• and when Theod orus prefented unto him his head and fignet of his finger ^he was 
 di[pleafedin his heart and wept withall. He entred Alexandria without any danger .^notw it h ft anding the 
 troubles andhurliburly therein. Cx^ai was createdDi^ator. He refiored ckofatli unto the kjngdom of 
 jEoypt : andwhen Ptclomius madewarby their advice and counfcll who movedhim to murder Pom- 
 peiuSjCxfar vancjuifhed him^with great penll and haz^ard ofhin.felf. As Ptolomxus pd,his vejfell 
 yvherein hewas embarkedran a groundin ]^i\m,and there ftuck.fafi. Befides,this bookjheweth the pain- 
 full and toilfome journey o/Marcus C ato with his legions^in Aflrick through the defart wildernefs : and. 
 the ttar which C n.Domitms f art ttnatly managed againft Phaartes the Parthian King, 
 
 Of the c XIII. Book, 
 
 WHen the fide of Pompeios had gathered heart andfl'-ength in h.^tmV^the foveraign commavd 
 t hereof rvas committedtoV .Scip\o:for\MitO who befire had equallpowcr andcommiffion with 
 himgave place and yielded his right. Now when itwos debated in council as touching the fdverfiion anJL 
 Mtter ruin of lltica,/or that the City was fo enclined andfavourable to csfar: whiles M. C no flood fiif" 
 ly in this point jhat it fheuld not be deftroyed 5 <«»</ Jub« [ the K.'\ was earnefl to have it rafed : the guard 
 ttndkeeping thereof was committed unto CAiO. The fan of Votupzy the great, having levied forcesin 
 Spain ( the conduB and leadingwhereof, neither Aftittiias nor Pctreius were willing to undertake ) 
 madfrefh war upon csfar. Pharnaces King ef Pontus andfon of Mithridates> tndnrednotime of war, 
 
 hi
 
 Tbe Breviaries o/L.Florus. i o o^ 
 
 hut wtufoon overcome. At what time as P.Dolabella a Tribnne of the com. ra<jid [editions in Rome 
 by me mi of a Uw h himp»l>'fhed tn the Irehaf of bankrupts; 7 hat theolddeUs jhouldhe Jlricken off 
 and n' v order taken wt n t he creditors : upon which occafion there eafiicd a commatton cfthe commons; 
 M.hntoa'ms^Gencrailofth C-'val'-y.,entred the City with aflrength of fouldters ; ixnd ei^ht hh»dr^ 
 of the commons lojl their lives. CxiiX difchargedallhis oldfoHldiers,who in a mutiny demaidedthe f.imci 
 and having failed into Afftkk^ht fo;tght agMnfi the power ofK, JijbaT?*;^ exceeding great jeop.irdr. 
 
 Of the CXI V, Book. 
 
 CiEcilius Baffu? a gentleman o/Rome, andone «/Pompeys f^dc levied war in Syria. Sextus df.ir 
 wot hothfoif k^ n by the legion which revolted and went tn HifftlSj ^ind Mjo /lai.-i, CxUr v.tnqia- 
 fhed Scipio the Prceror. Atraniusv'W Juoa, near i aplos , a laforadtheir cimp. Caco hcdrtnv thereof-, 
 wounded himfeif at Ucica : and when hts fon camehetw.S'iayidflmdhis b.-ind, ' is hw'-i -.rts dreffed l^ut 
 in the very cure-iOS the wound was newly lanced a^ain, he yielled up his vita!! hr- t. aid d-cd, in the 49 
 year of his age.VcntVii k^illedjnbi and himfelf, P. Sc'ip'lO in hisjhip was bept ; ound, and at his d'ath^ 
 which he tookjma/ifuUy^heut tired a brave (peech -for when the enemies madef arch and r-iquiry what 
 ■was become of 1 he General. The Gener.-.l{t^itoth he)is jv* //.Fauftus and Afranius werejl.tin, Czifsfon 
 had his pardon.^iVAVLS-^a liemenant o/Csfar vanqm^sd the Bellovactin France i hat rebelled, 
 
 OftheCXV. Book, 
 
 CjEur rode in four triumphs over Ffance,^gypt,Pcntus,rf»^ Africa. A foUmn feafl he madeand 
 exhibited unto the people (hews ofallfoHs, Unto M.Marccllus a man of Cosfdar dignity-, at the re- 
 ejuefl of the Senac he granted leave to returne:which MarcelIus,iro«/^ not enjoy the bentfi. of this gr. tee 
 Aidfavour^by re.ifon that he was murdered at Athens by Cn.Magius Chilo, his own client and vajfall, 
 Cllar alfo held a review of the City.,whereinwere enrolled i ')OOOoCiti:z,cns., whereas before the^e l.uid 
 been numbred <}000OO.5e<r the c.ilamity of civillw-ir. He took.a voyage into Spain <f^ .-//»/? Sex.Pona- 
 peiUS : and aft^ many rodes and expeditions on l-oth fides made-, .indfome cities forced, in the end h~ at- 
 tained onefin*tvt^ory for all before the City Munda, but with exceeding per tU and danger, SeXj^Jem" 
 peius efcapcd andfied, 
 
 OftheCXVI.Book. 
 
 CAius Ca:far triumphed afift time over Spain, fVhen many honours and thofe right excellent .^wers 
 by the Senat ordained for h/miandnamelyt among the reft.to be called Pater Patris > to be facro- 
 fanfl and.fnvio/able; andwithc-Utobe D chat or forever j he q^aveoccajionto be envied and m.licedl 
 firfl in that-,when the Senat b( flowed upon him thefe honourable titles-^ at what time as he fat before the 
 Jcmple of Venus Geneirixjif ro\e not up nor did revirence unto them : fecond for that when Mar. An- 
 -toillus the Cof.andhts Collegue ran among the Luperci^he laid upon his ivory ch.iir of eflatethe wreath 
 or diadem which was by him ft upon his head > thirdly^ becaufe he d.eprivedfrom their authority Epi- 
 dius Marullus <»w^CoEfetillS F.avus, two Tribunes of the Commons, who went about to brings him into 
 Jjairedfat if he affeBed and fought to be King.Upin fhefe caufes,a confpir.^cy was contrived a^airfl him., 
 '^hereof the principall heads,were M.Brutus, C.Trebonius, ^w^C.CafliUS, alfo one of his own fidi D, 
 3rutus ; by whom he wot majf acred in the court of Pompeius, and received 2 5 wound's '• and by thefs 
 murderer t was the Capitollfg$x,ed did held. But'^fier that the Senat hadpaff'ed a dscrec to forget thif 
 inurdersthe confpirators aforefatdy having received for their feciirity the children of Antoniil.i; a>id Le- 
 [iidns.as hofiageSycame down from the Capifol.By thelaj} willandteflament ofCxUt-, C.Oclavius(/:;/;f 
 f!Jlersfon)was made his haif heir, and adopted into his own name. The body ofCxiat: being brought into 
 Mils feld,was by the Com.burnt in afuncratfi/j; before the Roftra.7 he honour ar:d dignitj ofDi^ator- 
 (hip was for ever abolifhed. Chamaces aperfon of moft vie and b.ife cond/tion-, avowed himifdfto be the 
 fin of C. M^cius: and whiles heraifed a fedition amonn the credulous common people-, mof cut of and 
 
 k^lkd. 
 
 Of the.CXyil.Book, 
 
 ♦ Aius0itavius/r<>w out of E^'itasrcpairedto'Romc forCxdr hadfent him thither beforeywhen 
 ihc minded to mr.kewar ;«MaL"edony,ii;/;<?>-f he was receivedwtth ' good tokens andfortunat prefa- =*For aiha 
 £es,and wit hall took,upon him the name of Cx^it. In this confufion offiaieand tumultuous^ trouble of all |"™ eitde 
 r/);»^i;Lepidus attained by ftcalth to the highefl pontificall dignity. But when M. Antonius the Cor,fnl ^^ [^^ Cy„ g,, 
 demeaned himfelfmofi lordly end proudly i-.ihis place^ and by force publi(hed a larfi as touching the ex- thered abouc 
 .change ofthi Provinces', and mthal offered much wrong and abufe to CxiiT,whenhe made requeft that it •" jfj.'*/* 
 ke r^oiildaffifi and jiandwith htviinrevenge ofthofe that murderedhis uncle'- Casfat^to the endthat he []^^^^^l^ 
 might make both hinifelf andthe common-weal firong agatnfi him, raifed and excited the eld fouldters gj^ij^jj jyec 
 whom he had before placedin Co/anies.The fourth legion alfo,aMdthat calledMillia, fell from Antoni- over h'uheid^, 
 US and turned their enft^nstoCxhl./ifter this. more bcftdes {by occafion th.it many through the criitl- 
 tjcf A.AtHOniMs were murdered every wherein iheir tents) becaufethey were once fnff>eBed,revoited 
 ■from him androKgedto Csfar. D.Brutus purpofing to flop Antonius as he fhouldpijsmto Lumbarayv 
 feisied upon Mtlii'aiwith an army. Finally^ this book^declareth the running toaadfroofihofioa both 
 fansjo bepojfejfgdfirftofth? Provinces ^dnd the preparation for war, . v
 
 QQ^ The Breviaries o/L.Florus. 
 
 of the CXVIII. Book. 
 
 MArcuS Brutus in Greece(ufider a pretence ofmaiyitainw^thefiate, anient erf rifiKg war againft 
 Atil.onias)poJf(Jfed hitufelfofthe a.ri»j whereof Vtutms hadthe condu^^toguher wtth the Pro' 
 vince. Unto Cslcr, whofirfi tool^c-rms tn defence of the C J^' .the government and command of a Pro- 
 TrMor w.ts gray:ted-, wt h the Pr dtorian ornaments and enjlgni thereto belonging-^ And wtthall^he had 
 this tidditionto be reputed Tre-Pr<etor. M.hniomus beftegedD.BlMlfXStn Mutina. Certain Em- 
 haff-idoTSWcre fent tinto him from the Senat as concerning peace,l>nt little availed they in the treaty and 
 conchtfion thereof. The peofle of V^omt generally letook^them to arms ar.AfoHldicrs habit, BrUtUS in 
 i-Yi'iitts fibd/icd C.Anconios the Prator together with his army. 
 
 Of the CXIX. Book. 
 
 CNeus Trebonius was by theguilfftllpra^ice of P. Dolabella,7?<j;'« ;« Afia : for which f.iEl Dola- 
 b;:.i3 was by the Senai judged an enemy to the State.fVhenVin'-ithe Cofwai .-.tthepoint to Lf tht 
 fie/dagiiin/} Antonius, A.Hirtuis the other Cofcame wtth hts army tothe refcuf^ d>fcor/iJ>ttdti-efor- 
 Cis of M. Antonius,.''?^ fo made the fortune of both parts alikf and(<]U'''-ll. Afterwiirds-, Art"nius be- 
 ing vMCju fhcd hy Hirtius and Cxfar, fiedinto France, af-djoyncdunto him M.Lepidu: wuh the legi- 
 ons which were tt-.der him. Both he and c.llthey who were within his ho^dsingarnfon-, were by the Scnat 
 attainted. Aulus Hiitius, who after his viUorj was (lain within the camp of the enemies -and L.Panfa, 
 Tvho d-'cd of a wct:r:d rcce.vcdtn an unfortunat fight -were both buried in Mils field.To C.Cxiarthe on- 
 ly Captain ifthe three now remaining alive^ the Senat wo-s not fo ki'^d as they ought to have been .' for 
 having orda:>.edthat D.Brutus Cjp/io by Cxhth^dbeenddiveredfrom the fiege at Mm'wa) jhon Id tri- 
 f,'>»ph-ithey made no t handful remembrance ofCxhl andhts foiildiers, as was meet andreqtttfitc. For 
 which (djcoarteJies^C.Cxinr^being reconciled to M, "Mitonius by themeans andmediation c/M.Lepi- 
 cus) cimetoKovaz with an army : andwhenthey were for e dtfmaiedat his coming-^who had before in- 
 treated himfo irnkiijdly-.createdConfHl he was [with Q_. Pcrdius] being bm mneteen ^ears ofageor not 
 full twcr.ty.for he warn ed one day^as Velleius Patercuius jaith. ' ■ 
 
 Of- the C XX. Book. 
 
 CJEizt now Conful, propofedaLiw for.anin^Hifaiont^o be made of [■them by whofe means his father 
 Qxh^ was killed, and iy vertite of that LiWfM..Vti\3Ll\is,C.di^\nSiand£).'2)lXit\iS were endited^at- 
 tai'ited i.nd conden.nedin their alfencc, When together v^ith M.AntoniuSjAfinius ? oWio alfo-,andMn- 
 ratius Plancus hadjoynedthetr arms, .and thereby much flrengthned and augmentedtheirforces,D, 
 Brutus whom the Scnat had fent with commifjio^ to purfne Antonius, being now forlorn cf his own le- 
 gions andjlcd^wasat the commandment 0/ Antonius ( into whvfe hvnds he fell) lulled by one Capeous 4 
 JBurgoniaw.Ci.\\is Ca;far contraHedapeaee with Antonius and Lepidus,7v/;f r«» »r rvOi capitulated be- 
 tween themihar t hofe t hree jhould for five years hatte thefoveraignty over all^onlyto fet in order ande- 
 Jh.bljh the fiate of the common-weal: to wit-, htmfelf^ Lepidus, and AaiODias^andeach of them pro- 
 fcnbc and ontUw their own advcrjaries and enemies, [n \chich prefer iptien were contained the names of 
 very many Gentlemen of Rome, aKdonehtindiied and thirty SenaiorSiurd amon^fi the refiwere L.Pau- 
 \\X%the brother of yiX^z'^Mws., L.Cxfar the uncle o/AntoniUs by the Mother^ end M.Cicero, {lain by 
 Popiiius a Lgionar) fouldier, in the 6'^ year of his age, whofe head and hands wasfet upon the Rofixa« 
 Moreover -^t his bosk^jhiwtth the deeds by M.'BtutUS atchieved in Oreece. 
 
 OftheCXXI.Book. 
 
 CAfTiUS who hadin commiffion from the Senat y to pcrfue by force of arms Dolabella, fudged an ent' 
 ~ny to the Common-weal. being born out by the authority and warrant of the State ^ pojfejfedhint- 
 /i/fflf Syria , and bee iry.c Aiajler ofthrjec itrmies which were tA th.it Province. He befieged Dolabella 
 withtn theCityof\.3od\i:xa,iindpf(t him todeath.C.Aatoaltts was likewife taken prifQmr, and by cent- 
 tnandnientfromM.^lMiasflain. 
 
 Of theC XXII. Book. 
 
 ■\4 Arcus V>xm\ishadbut bad fiiccefs in fight againft the Thraci<tnt. After -that all the Prcvincei 
 
 ly Mbeyo:id-\e.:y!Kdthe armies, were under his hands and C.nmCiiXwis ; the) complottedbothtog^e- 
 ^'^^j^''^^^^^^^^ ^vf^at coiirfeto take for the fature-war. Vvi\i^Qo\3ithehother ofU..UtSa\zthey ' 
 <]h'jhed,andyet by common confent th::y pardoned him. ; ■ -.am-'A^^vv • '• v.usJ"'; 
 
 va»' 
 
 Of the CX XII I. Book, 
 
 li'^'"i^°'"^^""^^ '^« /o» 0/ Magnus, a/fembled together out of EpitViS a number of outlawsand 
 
 }b,ii:ifhedperfons, and having alon^ttmewiththis army robhd^nly by way cf vyracy, andfetled 
 
 as yet upon the pcfffion of no piece upon the land) firftfeiied Meflana, a town in i>ki\yyand afterwards 
 
 the
 
 rx '-"'.;.T--"v-> 
 
 '■*X-j*Har*»l 
 
 TleBretirdrierofL. Floras, _:.:,..,._,, 1^07 
 
 the whole Province. Andafcerthat h.V6mpe.m5 BlwyDicUS the Pr^tor there, ir.tt djVompzy flaw; 
 he the [aid Pompcy »'» a hattellat [eav^nqHtjhed Q^Salvidicnus, a Lautcmit of Cxdr. Cx\iT^74 
 AdtOOy rvith their tirmies faled over into GttCCe,with imoit to wage WJ.r ag.ii-Jl Brucus ad CalTius. 
 Quincius CordificiuS /» hSiic^i overcame in fUin fight T.Seftius/ /;f Caftatn of the Cajfun f.;ciio», 
 
 OfiheCXXIIII.Book. 
 
 C4IUS Cx^atto£ether with Antony fohfht at Philippi with variable fortfine Agair.fl BrutUS avjd 
 Cz(i\\iS,iM fi^chfortjos the'rioht faints of both battels l:aithe better-, audeachof them won t!.eo~ 
 thers camp. Bnt the death »/ Cafiius was it tha: turned the ballaiwe and madt the dijfere»:e : who he- 
 iug in that foint that retreated and went down.fupp^fed that the whole army ,^yid m.:i;i ba:tell was d f- 
 comfited andfo killed himfelf. In another conjlift afterwards., M.Brucus alf. was overcome .and there 
 ended hii life : for he intreaiedStnto ( that acrompawed him in Iw pght ) toft hn ffards point toi 
 wardhim^andfo he ran uponit. The jame did fame forty moreof the princip-iU Kom.i,:s : amor.g who>» 
 Twtu Q^Horunfius h^ewife (la'n. 
 
 Of the CX XV. Boot. 
 
 CAius Caefar If ft Antony (for to his [hare fell the Empire of fame Provinces lejond f a) and retHf- 
 nedi'ito Italy. He divided la-.ids anionjr hts old fould:ers,The mutinies of his own army by occafion 
 that thefouldiers were f educed by Fulvia the wife oflA. Antonlus *W rofe af.iinff the r Gerer.ll-, he 
 reprejfedwith exceeding danger and jeopardy : L, AntODlUS the Cof.and broth r t o M. AntoniuSj'r the 
 ungracious counfelland perfwafton ofthefiid Fulv ia, made war upon Cxfar : a-^d having procurtdthofe. 
 nationstofide andtr^ke pirtwitbhim-, whop Unas had been made over and^Jfignfd tothe cldfi:ldiers 
 fiforefaidi andwithall,difcomfitedMXcp^dm,irho with an army hadthe government a-idgUrtrd i.fihc 
 Citj^entred perforce by way of hojltlity into Rome, 
 
 Of theCXXyl.Book. 
 
 ' *v 
 
 CAiusClfaC whenhewasbut three and twenty years cjf age, bc/iegedL. hritonlas inthie town Pe- 
 ruha: and when he made fun dry offers tofdly o.it and b^eakfarth^he repelled and chajed htm b^ck,-,: 
 yea and for very hunger forccdh'm toyield andcomc under hi's ohcfmce. As for Antony himfelf a'd 
 all his fouldiers^he pardoned,b.'it Petufia he rafrdonddeJ?royed.Fin.<l!y,.ifer he had brought all the ar- 
 mies of the adverfeftde to fuHihit andtofiara to his mercy ^ hefinpjedthe 7var without ejfufion of any 
 hloud. 
 
 Of the CXXVII.'Book. 
 .■■ - '•• • ' ' >^ ■■■ ■..■ >' . '^ '• ■ 
 
 TTJe Parihians, undeythehndncl »/ Lat>lenus,'n /w hadtak^npart w th Pompey iudthat fide, in' 
 vadedSyt'iZ, i overcame OidiUS Szxz.the Lrenten-i>n of M. Antonius, and held all tl:.:t Prrvince 
 totheirownufe. I'i.AniODins being foUicited by'tie n.fiigationofhn rvife Fulvia ro makrwir ag.in'fi 
 CxdtipMt her away-^ becanfc jhe (houldbe no let nor hindrance to the accord and agree me ■it of the three 
 rulers in their Trittmvirat.Then made he a. peace with Cxiir, andtoohjo wife his fifierOS(.l\\i. Q^ 
 SiWldienas who complotted mifchiefaaainfi'Cxdiy he deteSied and bewrayed : who being (hen ttpoit 
 condemnedfWr ought his o^vn death.f ,'VttM\<i\\XS a Lietstenant and r Antonius, overcame the Parihi- 
 ans i?»'aitell^andchafedt hem foMrif, Syna.,havingt'tforefiaiM their Leader'L3.h\cna?J1''hen as Ssw 
 •tUsPompcius heldSicily, and being a near enerny and ill neighbour fo Italy, ft.'idthetra ifiortingof 
 corn and viElt-ialsby fea '. uponre^iiefi Cxf3r<t»i^ Antony made pa^ewnh him for this con /• deration) 
 that hefi>oulJgDVernSici\Yas his Province.^ ^ifo herein are ft forth the troubles andwars of A&i:]::, 
 
 OftbeCXXVIII. 
 
 • ■' '■ " . ,' • / 
 
 WHhen Sext.Pompeius iff flcdthe fea again with rove rvi.'.nd piracy, and would not make good 
 and maintain that pcace.,nhich he had accepted of Cxdv, t c was forced upoK nucjfiiyto tin- 
 ■ dertake war again/} him.andintwo n.ival battels fought with do ibtfi/l event. I-.Ventidiiis a Licute"- 
 iiant ofM.ATitoaiUS.vaKi^itjhidthe Tarthiansjn Syria andflew their K. The ^ews alfo were by hv.- 
 tonics Lieutenant fubdntd. Herein befidesit fct down the preparation for the Sicilian wur. 
 
 Of^tieCXXIX.Bqok. ,.,..,; 
 
 SUndry b att els tsi ere fought at fea againfi Scx„'Pom^eiVi5 with variable ijfue: fooi, o/Ca:lar3 twc. 
 fleets, the one which was condnSlcd by Agnippii got the better haid' but the othcrjled lyCxiit 
 himfelf hadthe overthrow : and thsjouldici being fet a ^)ore-}verein exceeding great d'n^er. But ^f- 
 tfVwWiPoTtfpeius wof d(feaied,afidther'eiJ^mf^dinto Skill). MarCDS Lepidus crofcdihc fas from 
 
 c}ownan honour to no man ever granted before him. 
 
 Rrr?
 
 ioo8 T'he Cbromlogie 
 
 of theCXXX.Book» 
 
 MArcnS AntoniuSj />; his rioting time with Cleopatra, entredintv the Trbvincevf Media vtith 
 eighteen Icgions^and ftxteen thoufayid horferneni levied war upon the P art hiafjs,4nd after h« had 
 lifttWQ of hid legions, feeing nothing p-'ofper well onhis fide^he retired hack^, BHtjlillthe Part hians fol- 
 lowed him in chnfe : whereupon in exceedtngfearfui'- hafle and great per ill of the whole army^ he retur- 
 ncdinio Armenia : fo as in 27 duties hefledthrce hn^dredmi/es^ ^boM 8coo men heloji by tempcfiit- 
 otts weinher. But he was himjelfthe occafton that hefufferedthefe dangerous tempefii^ over and befides 
 the Parthian war which ftrjortttnatly he enter prifed,bccat*fe he would not winter tn Armenia/or haflc 
 he mi'dc to his love Cleopaira, 
 
 OfiheCXXXI.Book. 
 
 SEx. Pompcius having once fubmittedtwhiles he was in theproteBion ofM.ADtomQS^went about to 
 I vyrv.-.r ugaiyfl him in Aha: but by his Lieutenants he was furpnfed and flain.Cxdt J}aid tile mu- 
 tiny ff the o'dfouldiers^which with great mifchiefwas begun : he fubdued the lapides^the Dalmatians 
 cty^d l'Anyionid»s, Antonius h.iviKgupon hts wordatid promifeoffafety and prot ell ton trained unto him 
 Artanaldes the King of himznx^^co'mm^ndedhim to be Ludnpfajtin Irons^ andgavethe kingdom of 
 Armenia to his own fony which he h^'d by Cleopatra:/or now by this time he began to avow her as hu 
 wifc-jUpon whom long btfore hewasenamouredanddoted in love. 
 
 Of the CXXXII.Book. 
 
 CAins C^^it fit! dued the D^ilmatlans in Illyricum. iFhen M. Antonius for the love 0/ Cleopatra 
 (who bare him fwo/owxjPhiladelphus andhXtynndcx) would neither return to theCity ofKotnCy 
 nor uffcr th :ime of the Triumvir -it expired^ reftgn up that dignity and government, hut prepared for 
 yvAr which he r,:ean: to levy agahifi Womz andltily: and thereto hadraifeda mighty power , as well of 
 f -it-forces as land ', A:dvithall,hadrenounre.dthe marriage with Odtavia, C^lars ftfler^ andfent her a 
 letter of divorcement, andfo put her away : Ca:far thereupon^wit h an army failed into Epirus. The bat' 
 tels (tfca ^-^fierwards^andthe horfe-fights, wherein Casfar hcdthe upper handi be here related^ 
 
 Of the C XXX III. Book. 
 
 MArcus Antor.ins wiis with his fleet overcome at h,dimm.andthereupon fled to Alexandria: where 
 being by Cxlar bejiegedji^ndm titter defpair of recovering his former fiat e,but moved efpeciallj 
 upo 1 a f. life rumour that was (pred, howrCl&Ofilia. was kllUdJoe (lew himfelf. fVhen Cxfar was now 
 Maflcr i9j^ Alexandria, Cleopatra lit^wife becaufefhe would notfalltnto the hands of the contjucrour^ 
 ■Willingly procured her own death.CxCsz upon his return to the City cfRomCthad the honour of threetri" 
 ' umphs: the one over lllyricunl,<f«flf/;f>- far the victory at ASiinm^andthe thirdin regard of Cleopatra. 
 :Tl:us when he h,idfi nfhedall civJlwars'tchich hadcontinued2lyears,'MXef'\das,thefo»ofLepi(iu5 
 'the Triumvir yconjpired aganfi Cifar: and whiles he went about to m^'ke war^ was prevented and (lain 
 
 Of theCXXXJ^y.Book. v^ . - 
 
 CAius Clfar havingfet the State i>i good^rdery and reduced all Provinces ir.toone certain for/ttj 
 was fnrnamidalfo Avp.'i{'\v$: and' the^hfonthScxlilis to honour, his name was likt'^ife fo called. 
 ^h:l-s he fat in vifitutionat Narbore, he too^a review of the three Provinces of Gaul, which hisfa- 
 ' if />£■!• (Csfarj h.id conquered. Thewar which M.Crai^US made a^aii'fithe B^fiarnianSfMafians^ando' 
 t her nationsyis here reported. 
 
 OftheCXXX V.Book. 
 
 1^ He war which M.Craflus levied againfl the Thraciais, as alfo which Caefar made upon the S fit' 
 ni.irds is hcrcfet down. Li^ewife how the Salaffians,a people inhabiting the A\ipSjtpere Htterlj jiti"; 
 
 OftheCXXXVLBook. ^,^,^^ v^i^lii ,-. 
 
 RHeiia was conquered by Tiberius Nero,<»WDrurus his wives fon. Agrippa CxdiS fon inlaw <fir 
 cd : and by Drufus was the generall review andtaxtaken. 
 
 OftheCXXXVII. Book, :•■/■'.' 
 
 T He Cities of Gtiminy fit uat on either fide the'^txsz^areby Drijfus hefiegedand affailed.ThetH- 
 mult andinfiirrcElion which arofe in France, by reafon of the forefaid review or taxyWAS appeafed. 
 ' <;-'^<i', y>n altar was ereHeduKto'D'wWiQx'iii at the cor,HueMtofthetwornerSy*Aliiand*'B\i^^i,xya%-A>i(i 
 
 - .\boJtie. a Priefi was created to iffer thereupon. one CjuliUS Vercondaridubius an Heduan. 
 
 Of
 
 llje Breviaries 0/ L. Floras, i c o^ 
 
 OftheCXXXVIII.Book, 
 
 HEreis fherved hovfthe Thraciatisroere by L.Pilb tamed.Lik^'^'fe fmv the Theiufci,Tcmachate- 
 x'hthe CaUcijrfW other »atio»s of Germany beyond the Rhene, rverefubduid and brought nnder 
 by Drufus. Oftavia thefifler 0/ Aiigullus departed this life, having buried before, her jo>i Marcellus : 
 whofe monuments flill remAinifiamelj.jhe Theatre MdgAlkry bcann^r hn name^as ifth^y h.;dbcerj de- 
 dicated by Matceilus. 
 
 OftheCXXXIX.Book, 
 
 which VKV 
 State, Nero 
 
 1'^Heyvarvi>hich'Dm{vi% mana^eda^ainfl the >uitionS beyondKhenc is here reported. In 
 the chiefperfois that fought wfreSeneftius and Aneftins^Tr/^w^fx of the Ntrvicin St^^,.^. inciu 
 thejmpther of Dmi'asfnbdned the Dalmatians and Pannonians. Tca-.e was contraEled with the Pari 
 thiats' and upon capitulation the 7Militarjre>i/tg>ii were delivered upafain to their Ki,ig^ which firfi 
 under the conduB ofCiiSas^and afterwards e/Antonius w;re lojiand by them takjn, 
 
 OftheCXL.Book, 
 
 IN this hook^is related the war whichDw^VS fouffht agairfi t he Cities and States of Scrminy I'e- 
 yondtheKhtns. Himfelf fell from his horfe and brake his iejr-,by rcafon that his horf- fcilthercon I 
 Upon whtchfraBure he d edthirty diics after. His corps was by hu brcthcr Ndo {who being fent for 
 upon the news of his Jicknefs-,rode in pofi)broftlht through toKomS,and be/lowed ta the tomb o/CJil- 
 Uus. Praifed he was by Caefar Augulius his father in law,andat his funerals for afiijc.llfarcwellihe was 
 emituled with many honourable names. 
 
 To the Reader. 
 
 THe.W\(\oiy o{ Titus Livius, as it was by him paffmg well penned otherwife, and none 
 thereto in Latine comparable: fo in the calculation and date ot times, which ihey call 
 Chronology (a lingular light togive direiVion in a (lory j be \i fomevvhac detective and 
 unlike himfelFjfo as he cannot be prailed withoiit exception. B'-ic itaminconnder the 
 -huge volumes which he wrote and namely, in his declining age; the variety and dilagreemcnc 
 of former authors,whom he tollowed,who betbre him faulted alio in this point and whereof he 
 much complaineth ; he is to be pitied and pardoned if his memory failed fomewhst in this behalf, 
 Forwherefhall wefind aman thac isii'7r*'/T<t<ro?o< omniijue ex parte b.-atus} Andindeed itwe 
 weigh the thing arightjas it was aprofelVion by it felK and required a whole man: lo many tra- 
 velled therein alone, and they that performed well but it only, deferved high thanks and com- 
 mendation. And to let many others pais, how worthily is T.Pomponim ylittcm pr^ifcd by C'cerc 
 his friend, fordigerting thehead Magiluatesof7coyearsinonebook? h^\oxFcrrttu 1 1 ecus-, 
 who lived in thetimeof ^.'/^///rt/C-fpr, he colleded a catalogue and legiUcr of the chief Rulers 
 of Rome,how they werechofen fuccelTi e y.and how they governed from time to time : whii^h as 
 hecaufedtobe cut and engraven in a m.nble wail within the Capitol for a perpetuall memory ta 
 poflerity: fo, thereby hedelerved alio to have his own llatue ereded near the Temple ot rfla,fot 
 .aneverlading memoriall of fo great a benefit. But what is there fo durable that time walkth not? 
 Whatfoconfpicuousand evident, buttroublefomedaiesmay overwhelm and hide in oblivion? 
 Thus amiddthathavock which the Goths and Vandals mide in /f/j/r, there remained n tone 
 fourth part extant of Lrwd-jllory : thus in that gcneralb. onUilicn of Romexbek records of rf>-*/«x 
 Flaccus were defaced broken, and buried deep under the ruins of the Capitol! and other (lately e- 
 difices. But the revolution of times. as it hath brought to li^^hc again lomereiiquesof L vy ; 10 ic 
 hathdifcovered alfothofe marbles o^Fernta-AoT in the timeof frfH/the third,Popc oi Rome, the 
 fragments of the faid ftones wcredii^ged out of the p.round between the Roman t'orum and the 
 broad Hrcet yia Sacra : brought forth alfo& laid abroad in the Capitol to the view of the v/orld. 
 To which,a': the true touch-llone certain learned men of late dales havelaid to their own labors 
 inthatkind,namcly,/?.-i'-f/jo/(7Wfn' Afarhanof A-fillai-uO'^nphrimPai.vDitu! oi rcra!:ai Ch-rlcsSi- ;.. f./, 
 
 goniHs of Ai'.dena and Fraicis Rj'^ rttllusof ' Udine: and comparing the fame as alio the annals ga» " ^)f «JNor Kf- 
 ihercd by Henry Glareanus beforetime with the forefaid antiquities of /^frnjitlate found, have ^tmj'i-i'f' 
 recovered mnih tight to the hilloryof L vy, and fnpp led his wants in that behalf. I thc)Ught it 
 not amifs therefore to gratifiemy countrimeniii fomemeafurethis way alio, and delivenh'i 
 fame in Englilli which I found annexed to the beft editions in Latine,as followeth. 
 
 A 
 
 Ilrrr 2' A'
 
 lOlO 
 
 RONGLOGIE 
 
 TO THE 
 
 HISTORY OF TITVS LWIVS, 
 
 Compiled according to the Tables and Records of Verrm 
 Fiacctfs in the Ca pitolUnd (et out with moft profitable 
 Notes, (hewing the variety and difagreement of % 
 Authors abcut the names of che Roman Confuls. 
 
 The caufcs of dijjent and repugnance InEtfloriographers^as touching thecom- 
 paation and relating cftbeyearsfrom the/oundation of che (Jty of Rome. 
 
 In.e we Intend to fet forth a K^Iender orRegifler of the Confals mentioned in the 
 Hitlory ofLivitis., which by reafon of uncertainty, obfcurity,and dilcordance of 
 the times/is fo dark and inrricace, that not only the learned and moft experien- 
 ced riiHorians of our age, hut the bcft writers of the Roman ftory in ancient time 
 \ cry often complained thereof; we think it not impertinent to our purpole^brief- 
 ly to fearch into the caiV.'es of this diflent : which being onceknown^we may foi- 
 lovv cha account of the times, which feemeth to accord heft with theHiftoricalUruth,andtobe 
 groi^n 'td upon the autboiity and tefiimony ofthemoil atuhencicalland approved writers. For 
 feeing tdat an Hirtory (as C(c«o hath moft truly faid ^ is the witnefs oftimes ; what ismoreun- 
 fiuing for it thantomifs and want that which is the chiefeft point therein, and without due and 
 diligent ret koning m<;de,to be ignorant what was firft and what was laft done ? It feemeth there- 
 fore, that of thisduerfty in the account and computation ouhe Roman Confuls, iherebe three 
 fefpcviaiUan:es. 
 
 Thcilrfiis for th« the year in which theiirft Confuls entred into that Magiflracy, is by the 
 Ro.TanHiiior'ographcrs,not after one fort but diverfly kt down. For Dio>ijft(ts (nmoR diligenC 
 writer of the Ads ot Romans) in his firft book, in the end of the fourth and beginning of the 
 filth, rcporteth that the KK. reigned 244 years: which alfo is colle6>ed out of the yearly compu- 
 t;tion guhtredby^^-arroand approved by the authority of others. Foriii(?/^/<ireporteth, how 
 upon thccxpulfionoftheKK.which hapned in the 244 year after the foundation ofthe City, the 
 Romans were ruled under the yearly government of Confuls. To which opinion JL/'y/ alfo fub- 
 f.ribeth in the end of his firft book, faying, that the regiment of KK. continued 244 years from 
 the foiind.nion ot the City, unto the freedom and liberty thereof. But Epitrofitis in his firft book 
 writeih that thefcven Kings reigned in Eoir^e 243 years : which account agreeth with^cA-. Euf- 
 f.s in his abridgment. In which variety this is to be obfervcd, that thefe twolaft namedjrcckoo 
 the years only of every Kings raign, and out of the whole and grofsfum leave out the year Of 
 theintcrreign, which t>ionyfti4s,LiviiiS;A^cff.iLt., and the reft infert between, and that right tru- 
 ly and rpon goodrenfon: for after the death of ^a»;/-/;<f, the interreign continued one year. 
 Confidcf then and examine the thing diligently, ardye flTall find, that in reckoning the years 
 of every Kings reign in feverall, Etitropms ^nd Scxtfis Riijfnshoi)^, attribute as many years to 
 the Kingsgovcrnment, asDew-L/x'/, andihercft :fothatihis difference isnotmuch. But o- 
 i,hers there be(as Enf bins hath delivered in his Chronicles ) who write.that theKK.reigned but 
 243 yeors, andtnketheinterregcncy withall: whofe judgment, Orofms^ lornandes, nadBede 
 fecm to folio/;. For Orojius in the fift chapter of his fecond book recordeth,that Brutus the CoD- 
 ful in that very year namely the 244,piu his own fons to death. TheKings reigned not precifcly 
 fo many years juft but,for that feme (and namely, Romulas) went over fome months anddaies, 
 Dio»jfhir and Ln'i::s reckoned them for a full} ear, and laid it to T^ri7«/'«/«; /**-//£•«/: but the 
 other above-named, together with £;i/f^;«.f, left out thofe odd months anddaies (becaufe 
 ihev madenot up a compleat year) and afilgned but only feven and thirty years to the reign 
 ol King Prt[c:ts.'\'o this may be added anotherreafonof the like nature :namely,that as divers au- 
 thors have doubtfully reported the year, fothey are nomore certain of the month and dayon 
 which the Frit Conful'. began their government. For P/ut.'nh in his Problems vvriteth,thatr.hey 
 entred upon the firft day o'ijam.iry : but ALwrobius in the firft book ot his Saturnalia and levepth 
 chapter, feemeth to imply that they took their Confuls place the firft of y«»f, faying, (according 
 to the (ipinion of others) That J«w took the name of 7«K/«/-Br«.-K.f: for that in this month, 
 and namely, upon the firft day thereof (accordingro a vow whereto he was obliged by the ba- 
 nifliment of i'arcimn) he folsmnized a facrifice to the goddefs C«!r»f/J upon mount Ca/Zwy. 
 
 Othres
 
 toT.h'mus. ion 
 
 Others again write,howthishapned the 24 oi February; grounding herein upon theold antiqiij'- 
 ties and records of ftoi3e, together with the teliimony of Ovid, who in the ietond book ot his 
 Kalender thus writeth: 
 
 Kin^ Tarquin with his fans t hen fled : The Corfuls yearly bear 
 Thefoverai^nruieatKome-fiuceth.it, »aKin(r ever r-ai^n 4 there. 
 Some there ire befides of opinion, that they entred the firlidjy of y«/)': and of their mind fee- 
 mtih Joachimus Perionius to be, in his third book ot the Greek MigiHrates. In this repu^nancjj 
 therefore ofopinionsjverydoubtfoll it is which to follow. As for that of Plutarch^ it hath long 
 fince been clearly and learnedly confuted by two great and excellent darks, Ofirphrhts P^viKiHii 
 and Siji^omm : fince it is plain that it was the fix hundred year from the foundation of the City, and 
 not before,that the Confuls began their government the firrt o\]a»u.rry, Biicinfetting downthf* 
 certain day, they themfelves are not well agreed. For 5;^o«///jaltcr .'!/^;7;.?««jindinLth ^his way 
 and faith, That the firfl: day of the Confuls government was the iixand twentieth day of Muy. 
 But f'^«w«;«uhinketh that the firfl Confuls weretreated the 26 day ot Febrtt.^ry.hnd this divcr- 
 lity is found not only in the day when the firll Confuls took their government, but alio in th*? 
 lime after enfuing. What was the ufuall day ofany month whereon thcConfnls were wont to 
 begin their Magirtracy, a man can hardly find any certainty before the fix hundred year from the 
 Cities foundation. In the fourand fortieth year verily alter the Kings were exiled the f'rU day of 
 July, as L/y)' writeth, was the ordinary day for yearly Magiilrates to take their rlue: but ho v/ 
 many years following, ihatordercontinued,orat what time it was changed, he iLewed not be- 
 fore he cometo the three hundred and two year, and then he faith in his third book, TliatihJ; 
 thirteenth ofA/^7 was the ordinary day for Magillrates to begin their governmtnt. Ihus much 
 atleaffwife wemaycolle£tbyhim( when he faith that this time wasfolemn) that he meant not 
 two or three years only ,butmany.For that is properly called folemn, which is bylaw ufually ob- 
 ferved.Again,we read alittle after thebeginningof the fift book, thatthistimeallb was altered : 
 for whereas the fift day of December Vinsthc ufuall limethatMagilhates began to exevUtetheic 
 oflicche faith, that it was changed jinthefe words, The principal! Nobles and Lo;ds of the Stnat, 
 were it upon the default or the infortunity of their Gc!:erab ("that foOiameull an overthrow was 
 re:eived}opined and advifed,not tOL'xpeftandliayforths ordinary time of the election, bi:t pre- 
 lently to create new military Tribunes inConfulsauthoriry, who fliould enter into their govern- 
 ment the tird day of Oc?o^fr Sec.Which opinion of theirs imported, and the v\ hoe hcufe accor- 
 ded to it: whereupon the other Tribunes giinfaid it.Bnt Serajus and Uf^v^ius withflood this Aft 
 of the Senat, and denied flatly to relign up their dignity before the eleventh oiDcc^mbtr-, the or- 
 dinary day of taking their oath and beginning their Magillracy. And a little after, within one pace, 
 he fheweth that the ufuall day of entrance into government v;as alieredfrC)m thecltcnth of Df- 
 cember to the firt^ of ^fpfew/ifr ,faying,When this fpee.h was received with a generail applauie of 
 all men, and that the Nobles and Lords of the Sena t Sec. But this day was keptbii a few years. 
 For about fix years after,hefaith,byoccafion that both Confuls lay fickit was ordained that the 
 firflofJ«//fliould be the ordinary day. And this alfoJ find was changed to another.whatfoever 
 it was, for named it is not ; and therefore uncertain. But this hapned in the four hundrcd^and 
 thirteenth year after the Cities foundation : as Lwy about the beginning of the eighth book 
 flieweth in thet'e words ; And whenthe Confuls were commanded to refignup their Magiliracy 
 before the time- to the end that new Confuls might thefooner be created, againH fo great trou- 
 bles of war,crf. For in thefe words [The foonerjCST.Jhedeclareth that the ufuall day or'entier in- 
 to government was then changed. But as it is not certainly letdown what day this was ;io the 
 o;her was as well known : for foon after, and namely the eighth year following it was appointed , 
 to witjthe firft day ot /•///. Immediatly therefore (quoth he)r.he new Conlbls, L.iy£mjlius Ma- 
 mercuS',tad C>},PUnttms were enjoyned that day<'even the firtt oiju/y) onwhich tliey began theic 
 office,to agreeandpart between themfelves their Province's. As for the month, wherein fV.r the 
 moft part the aflembly foreled^ion of Magiilrates was holden, were'd it was Febnt.iry ; like as 
 the thirteenth of At.irch was ordinary for them to be^in their governmt nr. For this day heH al- 
 waies during thcfecondPuniv.k warand the Macedonian,and longer than fo. Thus L;:7fehifi- 
 eth in many places^which to quote is needlefs)asinthe fixt hook ofthefecond Punik war.and' 
 in the beginning of chefirll book as touching the Macedonian, Bv which, who fecthnot that 
 there is great variety in the month and day both, whereupon the Magiilrates were wnnt to be- 
 gin their rule ? Bm whereas sll the certainty in computation and account of the time dcpendctli 
 uponaprccifeexad,firm,and fetled reckoning of year' months and dales ; and feeing that in L.- 
 viesRotyit is ncitlier exprelly fliewed, what year month or day, the Magiilrates began their go-' 
 vernment,norprccitely nrted when the reckoning altered ; confiderini: alfo that nothing therein 
 is more wavering and in.omiantly delivered. thaii the very nluallday ofentrini' into Magiliracy: 
 what marvel is there i'^authorsdiffemfomuch about thecomputationofthetimes? whiles onfe 
 beginncthat this m- nMi another at that: whiles fome, Il"ayjafaibcthefe Magiflraces created id 
 this year,othersattril>ii e the f'ameioanother? 
 
 Thirdly, there being great difference between VioKy^rts^ud Livy, as well about the reikctiing 
 ofthedmes andye3rs,asthea(SlsandafFairs that therein pifled ;allleemeth to havert:cnhtrcup- ^ 
 on, that the purpofeofZ:/i>)' was not to deliver exactly the aifts and occurrents of grcatell ami- • 
 quity which hapned in the State of the people of Rome, and which by many writers aforei irne had ' 
 
 Rrrr 3 ^-^»
 
 ion 
 
 l^he Chronologie 
 
 beenmort diligently fet down and penned to pofterity: but to record and write thofe things e- 
 fpecially, which from the time a little before the fecondPunick.vvar had been atchieved by thepeo- 
 'c\coi Rome mio the age vvhei;;in himfeU lived. But becaule (as Pohbius moft n ifely and pithily 
 writcih) a general! (lory cannot be underHood by particular regiBer.^ ; and for that an Hiliorio- 
 graphetiliiidy & endeavour on^ht to be employed rather in an i>niverrail trcotiie than itf parti- 
 cular diftourlcs: therefore, leli To great a piece of work as his, wanting abegirjning,fliou!d feera 
 maimed &;unperfc£f; in theformoll :o books he Iiigh!ly& briefly ran over the deeds of the peo- 
 ple ot" Ro>7ie from the foundation of the City, unto the beginning ot the fecond Piniick war. But 
 D:c>i"r;w profelTingpurpofely to defaibe the ancient monuments of the Romavis> thought it his 
 part to overpafs and omit nothing worthy of remembrance, but moil curiouily and exadlybatb 
 delivered a'l things peitinent, either to the calculation of the times or dilcoutfecf affairs, info- 
 mu^h as tho'.e things whereof L.•^)• hath fcantly made 5 books he hath declared at large in eleven. 
 Hereupon if a man read in Dio>!y/im^ the anicrt beginning and origi;;aliottlie Roman Empire, 
 and examine we. the times liow they are by him digeded & compare the lame wiihil.ebrecity in 
 Livy.m donbt he wi^l preferthe diligence of theformer before rhe overhaHinefs of thelater.But 
 i f the indilTercnt reader conhder the pv.rpoleand initnt of them botb,he will yield unto either of 
 them t'.icir due praifeio:; whereas L.-t;making halfe toother matters-hath either let pafsormore 
 flishdy handled fnme things, he will judge him v\'orthy rather to be excufed th n reproved tor it. 
 To thc'e three caufes abo\ c rehearfed. others alfo might be ad joyned ; namely , the ordering of 
 the yeT,-; by F.nmtdm^ and the variety as touching that year wherein /^ewf was founded : but it 
 mayfiifn eoniy lo touch thele gcpoint unto them with the finger. Howbeit. this we think good 
 ro advcitife and adm; nifli the rcaderby the way; that a.beit in the digefting and reckoning of the 
 Coil, we have let before our eyes to follow the marble tables and monuments oiVanus I'laccus, 
 and according thereunto lia\e framed and applied the computation^f the years: yet that year be- 
 fore the 250 a' alfo the oihcr,whi h Ffrr;«« rejefledwe haveinferted with the red.that our ac- 
 count might fall out julf with the fum of the years, as they are col;e61ed by V^mo, VVhich,before 
 in, 0.?/,'pV;>« i','i;'w»;«^ a moll learned man hath done in his Calender, thinkingthat the year 
 \v\:\\--\)J\r;im and they that followed him rafedout was the 42 3. and therefore he hath put iico 
 the rell without Confulsjaccoiding to tiieCapitoline records. 
 
 Of the con:p>tt.itio>i of times ufnal!-/ obfrv:d ' j the Romans, and of the jear 
 of theCmes fvfi^ni-Uion, 
 
 THecalculaiionofyears wa? taken and obferved by men in old time divers and fundry waiest 
 1 he Achxars ( as we read ) received it from the revolution of the (fars: the Argiies from 
 their v\omen Piicils ; as for example, if Chryfis fuch a year were chiet Prieft to offer facrifices, 
 they counted the number of years from the laid r/rj/i/. But many have derived and fetchedthe 
 tourfe andconfcquence oftheit ads and affairs, from the years before Tr y was builtjCreUe after 
 thewinr.ingthereof.Howbeic from the 408 year after the .aptivitv thereof, by occafion of the O- 
 lympiun gimes, which Hercules htii inlfitutedin the honour of his great grandhrc by the mo- 
 thers fide and which by his ionlphiclm (or /p/j///«,as fome will have it) were renewed that yean 
 from that time ( 1 lay ) they began to number the years by the OlyinpiadSje'pecially amongthe 
 Grecrans, whole llory (as f/.-fJ-zj^ affirmeth /is not of any credit hut from the time ofthefirft 
 Olympias.Thc Ht brew sl^hke as other nations in the EaH)reccived the denomination and recko- 
 ning of the years Irom their KK. The Athenians from cheir bponymi (as they called them)but 
 ihu inrheir ^-j>c/rfr</<c [that is.iheeleffionof their VagiHratesj which were wont to hold for 
 certain d ies rbout the beginning of the yearahcy counted in this wife, sTiTfaVnf TfuT^si*? tj 
 eTiXAT/Tii wJ*5aaT«,'.f.the tenth cr eleventh of the firft Pryia-icia. And hereof it leemcth, uiat the 
 name eomc(i'>-75 iTwyiu'f/.s ; as it from thence, their afts received both the time and aho the name. 
 After the example ot the Athenians and others, the Romans reckoned their dales, madetheic 
 Kalendcr .md rcgiihed theiradfs by fuchandfuch Confuls ; noting thereto otherwhiles the year 
 from I he Cities found lion.But about it there is m'lch m.oredi\er6ty in authors.than about that 
 wherein the firO Conl'iils took thcirgovernment. And feeing theclearing ana declarationofthat 
 point is not impcrtinert to this place, briefly we will rehearfe the opinions ot authors as tou- 
 chingthe time when the City of ^owt wasfoundcd. 
 
 To begin there: ore at them,who (according to the common received opinion of others) have 
 written longer ago and further offTtmaM Stculas (I know not upon what reafon induccd;hath 
 recorded, how t'.ieCity was built by Romulus mwh about \.hti\w.ti\\s.i Oirthaicln jiffrick\^'^ 
 theTy;ians,n;:inclyjnthe qSyear before thefirao/twp/^^. 
 
 L.05jc/>/ (a Senator of /JffWf by calling) faith it was in the fourth year of the twelfth Olympi.ts. 
 CX^F^ih'rs 'J'lclor fa mo(f anient writer of the Roman flory and of grestefb credit) attributeth it 
 to the f'.Tll year of the eight Olyf,.f:.ts. 
 
 Pohii-.'.s Mcfiipo'i(,i>^[i:.2nd Diodorns Siculus quote the fecond year of the 7 Olymftas. 
 JppnUodortis Q. f.iitmiHS ( atidus-H .Cornelius Nepes-,Eratoflhe»es,JI4 .Porcius Cato,DioKfftutHa- 
 licarn-Tlfaitf.ind I heophiUts yl>7tiocl)r/iusmvRZ the firft year of the 7 Olympic. 
 
 Mycr-i:is F/'iccus,(the avoucher oftheCapitoline flone-records) T.Li'vtaSfC.Jnlms Soli^nh 
 Clemcs ^IsxMd'-infisfiXid others, will haveitiobethet'ourth yearof ihe6 Olympias. 
 
 L, Tarmxins
 
 to T.I 
 
 i^ivms. 
 
 1015 
 
 L.TAruntius FirntanuSyM, TerenttHS VarrofT^Pomf cuius Atiicns^ M.Tulliu: Cicero, Aug:iflns ( .r- 
 fMrC,Plt>iiHS SecunduStPiutiirchus Cluro^dus, DomitiriiHS Ctf'.r AugnftiiS^P .Cory.el.Taatfis.CafJl' 
 us Dio^A.GelliuStL.SeftimiHS Severus Auguftus Ce<^f/ri>ttiS., Ai.JuliHt Phil/ppas Aptguflns^Enfeht- 
 fis Pan-phil,Cdfarie>ifis-,EHtropiHSi'T',tHliisOrofins^P.vtlns Diaconas LoHirob-ird^ts ■■ and atcer the time 
 of C.Ctfpr Didlatorjthe tommon opinion of the people ot A'ow-x'^ which we alio go by) will have 
 the City to be founded the third year of the fixt Oljmp:at. 
 
 Butby what motives and reafons each one of thefe anchors is induced ,S' whereby they vvou'd 
 feemto confirm their feveral opinions, needlefs it is in this place for to declare :both becanfe the 
 fpecnlation hereof pertaineth properly to another profellion, and alfo tor that fbei'idcs PLttnrch 
 in Romulus, Solmus in the i. chapter of his Polyhiliorand Qaniers in his annotation tlierctipon)the 
 
 Suefiion hath been fo throughly handled by Omtphritn PanviniHs in the firlt book of his Calen- 
 er,that the thing requireth no further examination. 
 Now for the day on whiih the foundation of the City of Rime was laid by /k3w/;/«/,itwasthe 
 *eleventh day before the Calends of /I Ai^.called l-'artliaot P aldittX^oti was this a kliivnl d.iy to » n of .^;>7. 
 TJes the goddefs of iliepherds, celebrated by the faid fiiepherds upon the eleventh Calends of 
 u^.iy,in the fields and country villages, for the chafing away of wol'.es, fortheprefcrvaiionof 
 their fliip andcattell from difeafes.or for the fafe ytaringand bringingfurth their ycung: where- 
 upon they were called /'<ir//w.Of this matter writetli Propcrt:!is in his fourth book, in ihis wi> : 
 y} fer'fi there VKis ^ iiiYiii our fai hers cLidit cdll^ 
 Anioyi thtv d.iy they fir fi kegan, for Romc to held a rvalL 
 Ovid alfo in the fourth book of his Fafli : 
 
 yi t/tncfiill meet they chofe, with pough the plot tomark^j 
 I).imeVi\t%rvasha'!d andfo beiranthewark^. 
 The fame is avouched by M. Tu/liiti-, T/Kf„rc7vS'o//»,<<.f and others. And that thefe P,iUia wefe (c"' 
 lemnized ordinarily the eleventh day before the Calends of Ma;, appcareth as well by the old 
 marble Calenders,as alfo by the fame authors before rehearfed. 
 
 Of thefirfl foveraign Magijirates of the City of Koms, 
 
 namely ^of the ICK^Mho ivcrein number ^ei; en. 
 
 ALL fortsof policies and governments in aCommon-weal vvhi'.harefet downand na- 
 med by ancient Writers,the City of A'ow<;,''wereit by ihefatnlUourfc ofdeltiny or upon 
 fome troubles in the State ) hath received and endured every one : fo a^ no Common- 
 weal in manner there can be found, wherein they fuccecded fo one a ter another, as they 
 did in the very City of Aowf.Forin the beginning, the KK. ruled it; but when they f' r ilieirex- 
 cetrivcoutraoe and inordinate lulf exercifedupon their Citizens and fubjcits, weredcpo:cd nnd 
 expelled, the Cofl.fand after them the Tribunes military in Cofl.authority ) held the lovcraigncy. 
 But inprocefs of time, when this frame and form of Common- weal (f.mply ttiebetf)wa3by rhe 
 outrage of the two Gracchi {SAturnr/im and Dr::fus Tribunes of the Commons) put out of joync 
 and troubled, untillfuch time as their power and auihovity was by .s')7/.?rent in twain, and the 
 Commons difleized of their lands and killed : then the adminiilration ot the Common- weal vJiS 
 reflored again to the Nobles and principal perfons of the City. But at length, when it wasop- 
 preffed again by the civil] wit oi Pompcy ar)d C ^.fir, the fo\ eraign rule ot the State v/as devolved 
 upon the Empire of (\tfar alone ; wherein, being f.rif fbakena lew years betore, through the 
 wicked infolency and lu(t ofthe three Triumvirs, it continued urtill the time that it tell to utter 
 ruin. We therelore will briefly go through all thcfe Ions of government; in that fucccllr, e order as 
 they followed one attet another^and firli begiii with the KK. 
 ^ ^ > \ '^- - 
 
 37 
 Komulus the fir (I King ofthe RomMs^rcigned -^-j years. 
 
 ROw«/>//, the founder of the City, reigned thors) 57 years; iii which limei he laid die; 
 
 ;7year5: forlbmany L,vy alligneth unto firlf groUnd-work of theRomanEmpire.with 
 
 him.Likewife D/o«y/;«/in the firlt book, which excellent laws and ordinances. ani.i cilablilhed 
 
 lierepeateth alfo inthefecord:and /V«^zrc/jin both civil! and alio military aircip!ine> depar- 
 
 iV«w« dilknteth not trom them, howfoever in ted this life upon tlie Nones of 7«/r,which day 
 
 Rom-lus^ he writech, tnat he departed this was called afterwards, AW^ C.7;>^o. •>.«:: by oc- 
 
 world in the :;7 year of his age. 5c/w.'.f in like caf.on that he in mulieiingand reXicvvinghis 
 
 manner reheaning his worthy a£ls attributeth army at the lake of C.;^>-4:,W3S conveyed out of 
 
 unto his raigng7 years. Only £«tropw(i.book mens fight : whereupon the people fled as .ima^ 
 
 4.chap.)alloweth unto him :;9 years: but C///"- zed at the fudden death of their King, as W;,- 
 
 finian tliiinketh very well that the Copy is cor- tcirch & D?o?n77H.f do witnefs. T his F.o^nnlus&l- ■■-?(, 
 
 rupt. This Prince having raigned(according to ter his "deification was named ^«'V/>/Ky, (f Afoihcfih 
 
 the more comtnon received opinion of au- which (iirnanje Ovid in his " Faknde-giv^h ^Vtfij,.,
 
 IOI4 
 
 T'be Chronologie 
 
 Some read 
 thus, 
 
 * Lmim. 
 » Aim*. 
 
 * RomMHS vU 
 teraty^M cor- 
 ruptly. 
 
 S \vt quod haflt qMirk,fnfcU e(l diCl» * Stbink : 
 
 Bet/ icus * telOyvenil in * tflfa Of «i ; 
 Sif £ (no ret} mmen pojfuere ^uiritcs, 
 
 SeutjHtA* RomMujuaxeraC lUe Cures, 
 
 A fpear,old Sabins ^uirii eall'd, whicb Komnlui u»'d in 
 fighc ; 
 This ir.aitial man a god became,and fb^««i»«j highr, 
 QuiritCb eke liis Tubjc^s l'ege> thsir Kiug this name 
 m^ghi give: 
 OrelicineCuutt, whom he brought wich Romans 
 lor [o live. 
 
 That he was bafe borOjand could not avouch 
 his own father, befide other writers, Plutarch 
 etpecially aftlrmeth in his 7"/.)r/«.f. Howbeit, 
 the old opinion went currant, that he was by 
 Mars begot in Oealthof a veHallvirgiOj Uia^ 
 Rbe.tor Sylv'!, torlo many names there go of 
 her:and ihstfirlt he was called Ramus ^oi Ru-Ma^ 
 which (ienifieth a teat orpap, and afterwards 
 by way of flutery,/iow«/«J-. 
 
 Interregcnts, 
 
 FOr ore year after the deaih o{ Romulus the 
 nobles fell to variance ?i drove who flioiild 
 be K.buiby realon,ihat no one perfon ex.elled 
 above tl e red in that ftate io newly founded, 
 there grew ievcrall f<>6lions & debates intheir 
 !ie;d-corporations.They who weredefcended 
 from theSabins (becaui'e after the death ot To,- 
 tins none o\ them raioned with Romnlus in e- 
 quallfociccy ) were delirous to have a K. crea- 
 ted out ot their body, becaufe they would iioc 
 forgo their hold and poflcffion in the tmpire. 
 13ut the old Romans could not away with a 
 iltanger-Eirg. Howbeit, as ditfcreni as they 
 were in ifftdions, all were willing to let up a K, 
 as hai in;j not tailed yet the fweetrds of liber- 
 ty.The Peersmoreover mightily teared(by rea- 
 Ibn that the neighbour States bordering round 
 abcui were provoked againlUhem ) lc(t fome 
 forraign force might afliil their City left thus 
 without fovernign government, and the army 
 without a le.'der.\Vhereupon thetwohundred 
 Nobles agreed among themfelves to enter into 
 an afio.iation of rule, and made ten Decuries : 
 and in every Decury created one to have the 
 foversignty o\erthere;l. Thel'e Senators were 
 then I GO in number, as L.-t-v faith- and a.ccor- 
 ding to Pliitdrck a hundred and fifiy.But r>:o>:y- 
 /;«;wtiteth, that the e were two hundred of 
 the Sibins & as many Romans, After this they 
 cail lots;and their Decury unto whom the lot- 
 tery firlifell ruled theCiry: howbeit rotallof 
 them at once, but one alone had the rcgall or- 
 nament^, and the IJdors going b.-forehim, 
 rive dAJes he governed and iio longer ; and fo 
 by this order in coune the nobles of every De- 
 (ury governed the City fifty dales. For after 
 fivcdaicsdcterminedjhewholelot wasfirft to 
 co\ern in that Dcairy, delivered up unto the 
 lecond the imperiall dignity together with the 
 enhgns ihereot: nndhcagain' when his five 
 dales wereexpired, unto a third and fo to the 
 tcr.rh. Thus when thel'e ten firftlnterregents 
 had paflcd one sodaics a fecond Decury of Se- 
 niors in like manner ruled the City other yo 
 daies j and thus they went round through all 
 
 until! they had fulfilled a years fpace in this re- 
 gency. This government was of the thing it felf 
 called /»ffrrff »«w,which rame it fliil retained 
 afterwards, and the men likewife were named 
 Interreges.ln this year therefore was the Magi- 
 ftracy of the Interregents fir(t devifed among 
 the Romans. And liot only after the death of 
 Romulus the State was ruled b^ Interregency, 
 but alfo after the deceafe of Nhma, Tftllmsiind 
 ^«r«j, Kings. In like mannerduringtheiimeof 
 the free State and Common-weal,alter the time 
 of yearly Magiflrates expired, the faid govern- 
 ment took place very olten,before the creation 
 of new: for they held the aflembly for eleftions, 
 wherein new governors were by the people 
 created. Now the office and charge of this In- • 
 terregent was, during the time of his regency 
 (which ordinarily pafled not five daies^ to ex- 
 ecute all thofe funditions in the City which be- 
 longed either to KK.or CofI", namely, to mini- 
 (ler jufiice, to rule the Common-weaU to hold 
 a Seoat, and there to propound the affairs of 
 State,and lalfly,to fummon thegcnerall aflem- 
 bly fofchulingi>ewMagiRrates. As touching 
 the beginning of Interregents, D tony fins in his 
 fecond \>ooV;Livy in his iit[\-,Pluta^ch in Nnnnh 
 Sext. ^lijfus, Eufchius and othet old writers, 
 have written at large. 
 
 45 
 Noma Pompilius thcfeco»d K.rAiiyied^ijears. 
 
 ONe year of Interregency being thus ac- 
 complillicd, the people of ^(7Wf thought 
 this a grievous and heavy manner of govern- 
 ment ; and the Commons grumbled that their 
 fervitude was manifold more than before, as 
 having two hundred Lords over them inftead 
 of one. VVhii-h when the Senators perceived, 
 they agreed at lad upon this point. That the 
 old Senators lliould ireate a King, whom they 
 would , to he were not one of their own body 
 and degree. Whereupon A^«w<» Vomfilms ( for 
 thatinjulticeS: wifdom he excelled all other) 
 was called out ofC«ra a City of theSabins, to 
 be their King, That heraigned three and forty 
 years, all accord, {ivcEutrofiusyEnfebiHs,zna. 
 Copodori/s(hte writersjwhofet down but one 
 andtorty, isOiJuphrius znd Sifonins h&vt oh" 
 lerved.<^)fthis K.i);o«;'y>«/inthefecondbook> 
 Livy in his firlt . Solnms in his fecond chapter, 
 P///f<Trf/;,P//»7,and Etiircptfts in his life ; in like 
 ion Valerius Maximns have delivered much in 
 record. He died not much above the age of 80 
 years, as P/^f^trc/j writer h ; for born hewas(as 
 heteliiferh ) the fame day whereon ^ow»/«i 
 laid the firlt foundation of the City,namely the 
 twelfth Calends oi May, Now forthenameof 
 Nnmai\.ov[\iz fay it was the forename oiVompi- 
 Inis, Bur out of 5<'.Yf«i Pow/)w/itappeareth, 
 that neither Tullms nor Numa were fore- 
 names, as alfo by this conjeiiure, for that the 
 fons oi Nnma arebyD««77;«/ called by other 
 fundry names divers from the family. Some 
 thought therefore that A'aw^i, AncnstArunfy 
 
 Kcl:ifu).DrufuS^FattfiiiS,J::lHStMamMHriHSiZtld 
 
 certain other furnames,wereat firft forenames, 
 uMarlianus in his Ann;(Is hath very well no- . 
 ted. 3 a
 
 to T.Livius. 
 
 ICI«? 
 
 3" 
 
 Tullus Hoftilius//;f f/);r^ King o/Rome, 
 rfigned 5 i years. 
 
 N ^w<j being dec ealed^thelntetregency took 
 place again: during which time ao A61 of 
 Senatpafledjwherein by theappiobationot the 
 Commons and advice of the Nobles, ThUhs 
 If6(iili(is was created the third K. of the Ro- 
 nians,ia the &i year after the toundation of the 
 City. Whohavingrafed yi/i'.t^commiDded the 
 Aibansto be tranllated to Rome. Their Com- 
 mons he made free denizens, and the ptincipill 
 Nobles he took into the order of Senators. Af- 
 ter Numa he raigned 32 years) as all writers 
 moft conftamly affirm. He perifliedas Dionyfms 
 jwitneffeth, by occafionthat his hou'e vvas on 
 fire,wherein his wife and children and all their 
 houfhold befides were confumed and burnt. 
 Some fay, that his palace took fire by lightning 
 through the ire of the gods/or that he had for- 
 letfomefacrifices and holy rites: others write, 
 that it was occafioned by the treacherous pra- 
 d^ife of AncHs Martins _who reigned next aficr 
 him. Of him Dionyfius writeth in his 3 book: 
 That hecarried before him the nameot HojIhs 
 it appeareth by this, that both Ms father and 
 grandhre bare the faid name. A Prince he was, 
 not only far unlike to Numa-, but alfo more 
 fierce and (lout than Romnlus. 
 
 Ancus Manius, the fourth King of Romans, 
 r signed 2^ years, 
 
 Klvi^TulliHs being departed this life, there 
 was an Interregent by the Nobles declared, 
 who held the aflembly for eleiftion in the 1 1 4 
 year from the foundation of the City: wherein 
 the people created ^»«« /l/^r-fj«/ the fourth 
 K.of the Romans, and the Senators approved 
 the fame. He built Hofita a town 16 miles di- 
 ftant from the City oiRome ; and fought feven 
 battels. Lit//«^,D/o»)'/;;</,and Solmas ljy,that he 
 jeigned 24 years; but £«p^w, Eutrnf.sts, and 
 Cairiodorus,^?. What death he died, neither 
 Livy inhis firft book, nor Dionyfius in his 3.do 
 fetcJown: notwithRanding that by them his 
 noble adts are let out at large. Now A»cus{is 
 Sex.PompeiHshuh reported) is he called, who 
 bath anarm bowing inward; fo as it cannot be 
 put flraight forth. 
 
 l.Tarquinius Vi\kus,the fifth K.ofRom/ins, 
 reigned '^2, je.irs. 
 
 THis TitrcjuiniHS being left by Ancus (when 
 he died) guardian to his children, was the 
 firll that ambitioufly intercepted the kingdom 
 to himfelf ; hefent the fons of Afjcus, during 
 the time of Interregency, out of the way as it 
 were to hunting,ancl made an oration unto the 
 people to win their hearts &: affedions to him: 
 and fo with the fuffrages of the people. and au- 
 thority of the Nobles, he wasby the Interre- 
 gent declared K.in the 1 70 year after the foun- 
 dationof ^owf, andin the4i OAwp-.s/. This 
 noble Prince as well for warlike prowefs as 
 peaceable policy and government at the length 
 (being above fourfcore year old) was forelaid 
 by the fecret trains of of the two fons of Ancus 
 
 MartiaSf in the eight and thirty' year of his 
 reign, according to L.-z-y and W(?/«;7ii'></,'ivbore 
 judgment we follow: or in the 37, as :o/)^'-.i, 
 AfcJf,i/a,-Rujf;!SiE;:tropius,CaJ/iodyrus,Er--ffl;t:h) 
 and Bedoj write ; like as we have befrrediewi 
 cd.P) ifcKs he,w.is lurnamed afterwards bet .:ii;e 
 he lived betore T^vrejuimus Suferbm^iznh S.- v, 
 TiiMfofufis, unto whom zuoid P:ont/:us vid 
 L.iuren'ir-'sl^.il'a' who writeth,that the .idditi- 
 onof Pr/m was given unto him, not by men 
 of that time wherein he lived, but by the a^e 
 fj'lowing.But L/'t.7 fheweth plainly, that he had 
 thefurname oi PnfcHs given him, eventhcn 
 when he came fiilf into the City, becaufehe 
 was born betore .i\'(/);r^«.f. He alfo was called 
 Litatmo, and was the fon of D^mtiratKuhz Co- 
 rinthian, defcended froin the family oftheBra- 
 chiades. 
 
 44 . ■' 
 
 Ser* lUS TuUius f/f_,'?.vf K.ofthe Rom.inJ,reij^Ked 
 
 four a-.id forty yars. * 
 
 AViQvTrifcus 7"<i^^.v;;;/«^ was (lain prcfenr- 
 ly Serz'ius TuHits was the hrllih.u^^witb- 
 out any elei\ion of the people, yet with thegr- 
 nerall confcnc of the 'Nob cs ) took upon him 
 the Roman kingdom, in the year t'lom the 
 foundation of the City i76.ConcerniHg who'e 
 conception,wemuft not let pafs that whii.h/'/;- 
 >7y writeth in the 56 book after this manner. 
 During the reign of T<rr^«/=j/«f Prfcith the.e 
 appeared fuddenly tbegenitallmernber cf the 
 mafculine fex upon the hearth where the f.iS 
 was kept, & thereupon prefently a ciptive v\o- 
 man andbond-fervant of T'^/^T.^^i'/thc Q,'iecn, 
 named Ocr/7/^,fittirg there by ihe fire hdcjCon- 
 ceived and was with child ; and fo wa? Ssrz'irs 
 TulUus born, whofucceeded in the kingdcrr. 
 Afterwards as the boy lay alleep within the 
 KK.palace,hishead wasfeetvon alight Hre, and 
 fuppoled he was the fon of the familiar L.xr of 
 that Iioufe. In which regard, he inHitntcd firlt 
 ths Compitalu and plaiesto the /..rw.Concern:-' 
 ing his b'nih.P/uti'.rch hath written more in hfe'' 
 book ofthe Romans fortune. Bythe cra'ty and 
 fnbtilldeviceof his wivesmothcr J,r,:a-j:4il, he 
 attained tothe Crown in the fourth yeirof ihe 
 filt 0/ympi.is, and reigned 44 years : but by the 
 viilanous cotnplot of 7'<:»-^;.'/';//«his fon in law, 
 and TuHt.i hi^owndaughter and r.i?-^«/w; wife, 
 he wasmoll impioufly flain in the very tlreet ; 
 which thereupon was called Scclcratiis.hs :ou- ' 
 ching the years of thi; Kirgs reign, fomecon- 
 troveriie there is amon^ writers : for Livy-.Di. 
 (7')y/;«r,and Solinus ^whom we have followed^ 
 wfite, that he reigned 44 years: hiM MefaU 
 Corvmus.Scx.Ruffus-jEMtropiiis^Eufcbifis C'ffio- 
 dorus.3X)d BediU 34 and rot above. Howbeit, 
 in adding thofe ten tothereii^nof 7i2'.7/r;>;af-' 
 terwnrds, they hinder notthisgrofs fumand^ 
 computation of the years : for they fet thcrh 
 down ;5, which Livy, Dioiyfms, and Sdi- 
 «v/, make but 2 5. This K.took the nameofi'^r- 
 vius-, by occahon of his own fortune, forthat 
 bis mother Ofr;/;.< a captive f but a moll beau-' 
 tifuU and wife woman o\Cor;:ic(ilum ) barehim 
 during her bond ige: but T/'.'/.whewas called,- 
 by the name of his fathers kinJred.ai Dmv.^fius \ 
 
 wticeih
 
 ioi6 
 
 T'he Chronologie 
 
 writeth in his fourth book, reckoning up many 
 afts by him atchieved. 
 
 25 
 
 L.Tarquinius Superbus, the [eveyjth King of Ro- 
 
 mayis^rtded 2 5 ycArs. 
 
 IN the two hundred and twentieth year af- 
 ter the foundation of theCity,L.7"rfr9««»/«^ 
 the younger, having killed ^fz-wM/TJ!////;//, en- 
 tered upon the Roman kingdom with force of 
 arms, nor by Interregent, nor yet any right of 
 law. i'wpfc^wj he was named for his cruell de- 
 meanour, in that he forbad to commit to earth 
 the dead corps ofhis father in hw by him mur- 
 dered ; giving cut that Ronn.lus likewife ditd 
 and lay unburied. He was the !on of L.Tarqui- 
 KiiisPrifcti! iheK\ng ; is Q^.P/Bir, j4n.Gelliuf, 
 iJct'iiits Alacer^ Verriuf FLiccm-, and Livius 
 have written. Howbeit,D;o;yj;;« ouioiL.PiJo 
 
 in his Annals, by moft firong reafons difpro- 
 veth their errour, and by the certain computa- 
 tion of the yer. rs flie weth how it cannot pofii- 
 bly be fo,but rather chat he was the fon of T<?r- 
 tjpiiivns TrifcHs his fon, who died in the life of 
 PrifcHs. Five and twenty years he reigned ac- 
 cording to Ltvy in his firli book. Dionyfnts in 
 his fourth, and5o/;;7«;inhis Polyhirtor. But 
 C\iJ/iodorM-)Eufel'i.'iS;Eiiii-opins.i\vdBedaf,3lcnbe 
 unto him five and thirty years,adding unto his 
 raign thofe ten years which they took trom 
 ServiusTulLus, and thereby giving ocrafion of 
 errour to the later writers. Of him Diomfiusy 
 Livyi both the P//«/«, GellitiSyMacrobius^znd. 
 Euirop:its,ha\e written much. Collet then^ in- 
 to one film the year of thefe Kings reign, and 
 thereof will arife the number of two hundred 
 forty four. 
 
 • Of the fir^ EleUiom of Qonjnls, 
 
 THis is the fecond change of the Common-weal, by occafionihat 5»pf rZ-w/ the King,as well 
 lor his mfoknt and proud government, asforthe villany offered by 5e.x7«/ the Kings fon to 
 Litcretia, was expelled, and liberty recovered : whereupon the foveraign government year 
 by yearwas committed to two men, who firft were named Praetors, for that they were fet 
 over the people :thenjudges> becaufe they decided their controverlies : and hftly, Confuls, in 
 that they advifedand provided for the good of the Common- weal: as C?cfro in the third book 
 of Laws declareth in thefe words : Let there be two inverted in royall government; and ofruling, 
 judginp,,and counfell-giving,be they called Prxtors, Judges,and Confuls : let them alfo have the 
 foveraignty of command in war.Now thefirft Ct.nluls or Praters were created by Sp.LHcretim 
 (father of L«frf(/^,and Interregent for the time) in agenerall aflembly by the voices of the Cen- 
 turies, according to the commentaries oi Servius Tullins\.\\zY^in^. The firft Conful had all the 
 tight,prerogacivei;,and regallenfigns of theKK.this only provided;that both of them fhould not 
 have the rods and axes carried before ihemjfor fear of prefenring any terrour to the people. Both 
 of them wcrecholen out of the /'jmr/i: which for this intent 1 advertife the Reader of;that the 
 progrcis ofthc Common-weal might be known ; feeing that inpiocefsof time they came tobe 
 be created out of the Commons alfo. Moreover,as concerning the year monthjand day,whenas 
 the firi\ Confuh entred their government,fomeihing were to be faid in this place : but becaufe we 
 have fpoken before of the variety and diflemion of Authors thereabout ; therefore letting pafs 
 thefe circumifanL-es, proceed we to the very Confulsj who by the teftimony of all writers were 
 firdchofen; namely, 
 
 24J 
 
 IT is recorded by all writers, that L. Jitnim 
 £,••/;.' >«,and L.Tarq.Coliarhws^wcTe the firrt 
 Cofl.orPrxtors ot the Roman people: who in 
 the end of the 244 ye?rlince the foimdarion of 
 the City and upon the firll day ot"yI/^rr/)(after 
 the Ti'.rcjHir'sYYi.. the father §c the fon were ex- 
 pelled the City ^in an afiemb.y of the Centuries 
 were folemnly pronounced and declared OdIT. 
 But after that ^.V^fw had compelled hi' Col- 
 \i°\\tlarcj!!iyiiHs 10 refign up hi^: Confnlfhip,ei- 
 ihet hccau'e he was fuipcded tor the affinity 
 and n.imc of the Tarcjium ( as L. Pifo in GcUnn 
 the 15 book and 29 cap. Livy^ Plmarch^ and 
 dC^.Oflir.do write ; ) or by occafion of a va- 
 riance between Brmns and ( dldttms about 
 ibeexcwUiionotV «//.^f/»;.': hi"; ('fiersfon ( as 
 DioKyfiti! reporteth ) beiubcle(9ed in his place 
 Pul>. f.-lcrnis Vohifi:ts the fon of foliffHS 
 whofe helping hand he had ufedefpeciallyin 
 banifliirgtheKK. Of whofe Confulfliip, Po- 
 
 /;^/«j in the third book, VionyJiHs, Livy-, Va- 
 UrtHs /,4.i.\-.^.hoo\!. 4.chapter. Plutarchin Pop, 
 licoln^ and Vl,ny 36 book, chap. 1 5. have made 
 mention. But Vdernts-, after that Brutus in his 
 MagiHracy was llain by Aruns the fon of 
 Superbus ( for the King his father had levJed 
 war againft theRomans ) in a genera 11 Court 
 of all the Centuries, took unto himforhis 
 companion in government, Sp. Lucretius Trici- 
 pli!>iHs ihs father oi Lucrctia ; and to him (be- 
 ins the elder ) fnbmiftcd thepreheminencecf 
 foveraignty. And foon after, within few daies 
 upon his dea t h , ( for he was very aged) he af- 
 lumed unto him Af. Horaius Pulvillus for his 
 CoLeguein the Confulfhip, The faid Valeriui 
 was called Foplicola, for that during hisMagi- 
 firacy, he enaded certain laws very popular, 
 and namely, concerning the appeal from the 
 Confuls to the people, and the receiving of 
 the flate-government from the faidpeople, as 
 
 LiVtHS
 
 . ■■■■ --5 
 
 to T.Livius. 
 
 ^ f. 
 
 017 
 
 LiviHs and Di$nyfiHsAo witnefs. In the vulgar 
 books, as alfo in the old written Copies ( whe- 
 ther by crrour orof purpofel wot not^weread 
 his name evermore PubltcoU-, but(H;linone 
 and the lame fignification. Only the letters are 
 a little altered, which otherwife have much af- 
 finity one with another, as Qutntdiayi writeth, 
 pamely with «>and /? with ^.For in antique li- 
 lies and inlcriptions,you fhall read often /*«»/;- 
 cut for PublicHi. To conclude tberefore,in tha 
 ^rft year after the Kings were exiled, Cofl". at 
 RomeVitit ihe(e,L,Jn»ifis Bri<tMs,ind Lh. Tar. 
 CollatifsuSj P. Valerius Pub/icola^ Sp. Lucretius 
 TricipitinuSfind Af.Honnius PuIvHIhS' 
 
 545 
 P.Valerius.l I. T.Lucretius'. 
 
 THe Confulfliip of thefe two is recorded 
 unto us by Dionyfius, Livitts and Caffiodo- 
 rus, OnttfhriMS Panvtnias, givech unto Lucreti- 
 us the lurname o^Tnci pit inns, both for that it 
 was a peculiar addition to that houfe ; and al- 
 fp, becaufe by an ancient Chronologer in the 
 records of C«/^/M/4«, he is tamed TncipitiKut. 
 Now for PkIt/ihs ih& Etymology thereof accor- 
 ding to Sexttts.. is twofold : For fome call him 
 fub. who hath been brought up at the publike 
 charges: others again name him fo,\vho was a 
 ward before he had his name given him, 
 
 247 .: 
 PJjHCrHius, P. FahritiS Poplicoi^t. 
 
 Llviiis calleth this Lucretius by the forename 
 of P, but other books of Titus. Dwnyfms 
 writeth, that P. Vderius PoplicoUx.\\z\\\\'id 
 lime, and M.Horatius the fecond time were 
 Co{r.P/»<Mrf^ fpeakcth of the third Conlulfhip 
 only of P. Valerius. Onuphnus and Si^onius fol- 
 low Dionyfius. As for Cajftodorus^hc leaveth out 
 altogether thefe Confuls. 
 
 t Sp.hartius. T. Hrrminius. 
 
 AFier PoplicoU the third time, and PulvH' 
 lus the fecond time Confuls, Dionyfius hath 
 placed Sp.Lnrttus and T. Herminius. The fame 
 QothCa/ftadarus. And the book noted by C«/- 
 finiAny undcf an Unknown author, hath in it 
 thus written, /'op/tfo/u / / 1.& PulvUlo ; Rufo & 
 yl(^uili»o ; Valeria & Tubcrto. Livy omitteth 
 tbefe Confuls,and in their place pnttech dovvn 
 Jt'f.ValeriuSy and P. Voflhumius : Exit as Sr^oni- 
 us thinketh, the fault is in the writers of the 
 book.;., •,..■■ ' . " • • 
 
 But that this year fho'uld neceffarily come 
 between)0««/)/jr/»/ tbinketh, according to the* 
 book of M.Tullius Cicero entituled Brutus: and 
 certain it \s-,x.\\itVerriusF laccus'ia his Capico-" 
 line tables hath notrejefled thefe Coniuls. 
 Now this name L.vtius is derived of Lars^ and 
 fo ought it to be written, and not Lmjiui, as 
 corruptly it is to be feen in fome Copies of Li'vyf 
 and Dionyfius. As for the furname to Hamini- 
 «f, Owwp/jnwifyppofethit to have been Ejqui~ 
 //««;, both for that the mention of that furnitne 
 appeareth in afragmeni; oftheCapitolinc mar- 
 bles,as alfo becaufe of what family elfe it fhould 
 
 bejno writer ever hath delivered. This Sp.Lxr- 
 tius wis the brother of Titus L.irtius the drO: 
 Di6lator,as writeth Dioayjiui, 
 
 ' ■ M.V^ueritts. P. Pofiumiw. 
 
 PLutiirch, as alfo Dionyfius and Livius wrii 
 teth, that this ALVd-rms was brotberio 
 Af. Valerius Vftb/icofA, and chcrefufc truly 'n he 
 faid to be the fob oi' Vohfus. , Pcfi.-imtus for his 
 furname had Tubcrtus. Witnefs Z(;>7.vr^;,toge- 
 Eher with Vlut,Trch in VopUcoU^ind Dionyfius in 
 thefift and hxt books.Him .D/c;;;/;/; calleth the 
 brother of Q^mtas, Vv^here hetreateth of the 
 Gonfular Embafladors fent nnto the Commons 
 in the year 260. This Vrjlun>ius,i%0>it<phrius 
 teacheth, was by old authors vvriicen without 
 the arpiration(/j)eithcr becaufe o^Vrfi.a,P,fiw 
 mus.znd VofiimtrHiZind \o Vo/lumiusls dct'iK cd , 
 or for that in old time they wrote «»•-■/>.>■ with- 
 out the faid (h.) Now is he called Voflamius^ 
 who was born laft, as CeflLus vvitneffeth in \ns 
 commentaries of ancient readings. Howbeic, 
 lawyers pronounce the word vvich thcafpirati-; 
 on, and c.nilby thatnamehimon'y, who was 
 born afferhis tatliers death : and with them ac- 
 coid Va'ro,md ^ItttArch in the life oiSylU, 
 
 . ?!(° 
 V.Valerius Lt 1 1. T. Lucxtiit!. 
 
 Dionyfius^ Livius, V hit arch, ind ' afflsdoruSf 
 report thefe for Coff.this year. But the re- 
 giH.ersotC«/^/a/.z«deliverunto us VopUcol.ithi 
 toUlrth time'.and Tncipiii.nis.ValerinsMaximits 
 in the fourth book and fourth chapter writetS 
 thus, Valerius VoplicoLt beg.in hisConUilHiip 
 withfir«o//,and the fame m^n bare three Con- 
 lulats afterwards, to the great contentment of 
 the people, 
 
 251 
 Aq^riip.tMt:^cniM!. P. Voflumius. 
 
 D/wy/;w; hath for Coff.this year, ^jrripps 
 Menenius Lanatus^ and L. Poftuwius ihi 
 fecodd time. Lizy^C'^Jfiodorus^Cuffitjianshook, 
 and the Greek records difigree not from him, 
 V.'.ler-.us 4/^.v.4.book,4.cap. corruptly callctU 
 h\m Ad, Mchciiids A^^riff a. Now yls^rippaue 
 they called, who are born into the world vvitH 
 extraordinary throws & birth-travels of theic 
 mothers, namely, not with their heads, h\z 
 their feet fbrward^againft; nature, 
 
 OpiterVirpniMS,. Sp,C^Jfiut. V/" ',^ 
 
 Livius, Zon.rras^md ^afiodorus, name jfief^' 
 Confuls barely thus. Dionyfrnsyzi is rr,ore^ 
 liberalljCalling Sp.Cafa.-s, UJccllrmis : ar.dOp ter' 
 Vng!>7iits,Tr!cofius. But whom Dwnyfius calleth 
 itKi}Civov, Cicero in his r,<ij//«.f tcrmeth Cdjfii:} 
 Becilliniis. kr\d Cufptnin-u Kalender, Vifcdinus;' 
 For firff ofVifus cometh fifcellta, anj fo froni' 
 thence cbey denveVfcellinuf^ Opitcr ( to note! • 
 that by the way, as Sex, Pom fans faith ) ishejr' 
 whofe fatheroifd before hisgrandfire. And ths, 
 Word fonndeth thus much,,' as it hevvere'born ' 
 ifterhisfatlicrs death; ot- bec^-ufc he taketh 
 his grandhre for his fathp.r. 
 
 i-y 
 
 ■■■> i
 
 ioi8 
 
 T*he Cbronologie 
 
 253 
 
 PojlhtimiusCominim. T.Lartnu. 
 
 LIvy-,Dtoy2yfitu,Zoxarai,inA Cajfiodorns name 
 thefefimply thus. ^\iiCnlfmia»s Kalender, 
 gueth to Pffrhamiui the lurname Aurtmcas-^ic 
 to Lartius Rnjfus. And thoie whom Ct^§""ians 
 book nameih Ruffi.the Greek regiHers by ano- 
 ther word) but to the fame iencejCall Fl^.z'i. 
 
 254 
 
 Ser. Sy.lpitius, Ai'.Tulliuf. 
 
 LIvy and CafftndorMs allow to thefe no fur- 
 names at all. The Sicilian Records give to 
 Sfi/pnuis the addition of C^.merint<s^ like as the 
 Kalender o\Cit(p!n! .n ; and xoltillw.j of Lon- 
 ffn! : as alfo doth DionfiHS, who writeth, that 
 ^Afanpis TkIUus died inthe timeof hisMagi- 
 ftra.y ,flnd that in his place there was none lub- 
 flicnted becaufe the yearwas welnear at an end. 
 Of this M'. Ttdltus: Ctcero fpeaketh in his Bru- 
 tm, fnyini;, Asiflfliould avouch my felftcbe 
 defended ofyii'.7'«///«xthePatriii3n, who in 
 the tenth year after the expulfion of theKK.was 
 Cof.wich Ser.SHlfitim. Thisforname/Wrf«/«/, 
 s%Sext. Pon!feius{3.\ih-,comtVn heteupon,that 
 feme one was born m.iMe-) i. e. in the morn, like 
 as Lucius^ who entred into the world by day- 
 lighr.And in another place,this //^w'w(qd.he) 
 confecrated thefield Nemorenfisy from whom 
 many noble and famous men fprung.andconti- 
 nned many years. Wheruponarofe the Proverb, 
 A-in/it Mu -111 Jricjie, i.e. there be many Ma/iii 
 at/^r/c.<«.Moreover,he was called^fr-t;/«j-,who 
 came olp.irencs ( either both or one at leaft^ 
 whiles they were in bondage, orelfe, who 
 when his mother was dead, lived ftill in her 
 womb,and fo was faved. 
 
 255 
 
 CJ''etufius. T.Ehntiits, 
 
 THe forename of this K tufius or Veturius in 
 fome Copies o^Livy-^zs Marlian fbeweth 
 in his annals of Coff.is Ca'tts • in other Cneus : in 
 H.'-ffiodnrus; Lticiui : in Diomfitis Pidlius: who 
 alfo fnrnameih F'eturins, Gemiyius: aiidT.El;pt- 
 tiitsHilum and in fome place '«A6w.^i2ai',but faul- 
 tily", for the Latine writers alfo affirm his fur- 
 name to be //f/.Y^.The Greek Records likewife 
 have He/tif3.nd Cemiyjus. Moreover they that 
 write WxmFetufvis^ imitatethe ancient manner 
 of putting j.forr. as when they call men f ///;/, 
 K./f///-,and /',?p(/?/.Butthey who call him^^rw- 
 riiis follow th6 latter ufage.Of this matter livy 
 ipeiketh in the year ipa. 
 
 Qjllalius. T. Lartius, 
 
 THu5 fay Livy and Cafiodorns : but Dtonyfi- 
 w^furnameth?:. Ld;7/«y, FLivus; and ^. 
 Clxlius, Sicultis: to whom accord the regifters 
 both of ( itfpiiiiM and ScUy, Th'isT.LartiHS is 
 the fame.as appcareih by D/o»;/7«.f> who before 
 was Cof. and therefore is his furname Flavtu 
 rightly added. The houfeof the Clceln.is alfo 
 of the Jufii Serv liiGeqaniiyCuriatti and Qjtn- 
 r;//; dell ended from the Albans firft, as Dwny 
 ////writeth. 
 
 2-57 
 Au.Sempronius. M.MinHtm*. 
 
 THus hrvy and Cafftodoras deliver unto us 
 thefe ColT.Bui Cuf/iyitafis legiRers and the 
 Sicilian furname them Atrminns and Auguri- 
 ««..And Z);owy/J«/cameth xhtm A.Semfrom'hs 
 Rht'.nns', and M.,Mimtin5 y?*(^«r»w»j^'albeic 
 hemaketh no mention of Augurtmsy but in 
 the leCond Confulfi-,ip of Minmhts .bi%\ot Ati' 
 iushe was to called, who being new borniWas 
 nouriflied and foilered by the gods. 
 
 Aft.fofihnmifi5. T.Virginius. 
 
 THqs are thefe ColT. fet down by Dio»yfiuSy 
 Livy.) and Cajfiodorns, And to them verily 
 the greek records put to the fumames of ^7^«x 
 and Cdimontaftus. But the book of Cufpinian 
 addesScgillcKfis^ TricofiushcMcS- fo that by 
 him they are thus written, yi«.Pp/?/j»w/«x Al- 
 ius RegitUnJisy and T.Virginius Trie oft mQidi' 
 moHtti'ius, 
 
 Aff. Claudius and P.Servilius. 
 
 Llviusaad Ccjftodorusitcoid thefe for Coff. 
 this year. The regifters as well oiCuJpi»iaa ' 
 is Sicily-, Sabiy?us znd Pr<jcus: Bui Dtonjfjiui 
 more (aWyy App. C ladms Sabinus, and P.Servili- 
 us Prif CHS. Jh\s AppjCLind'us was the copof (hc 
 Claudian kindred, tirft named, AEliusClatifMty 
 ard afterwards, ^;)^. Claudius; who from Ke- 
 gillus, iCky of the Sabins ( whereup6n he was 
 called,5^^/K«/ Regtllenfts) came to Rome in the 
 two hundred and fiftieth year after the foun- 
 dation of the City, and was ranged among the 
 PMritii-, as Livy^ DionyfiMS-, and Suetonius in 77- \ 
 herius make report. This man was grandfire to 
 that App£la!idiustht'Otcim\\t. As touching 
 his forename.there is fome difference", where- 
 of ye may fee 0»uphrius and Mdrliams intheit 
 Kalenders. . , 
 
 2^0 -.:' "■'.[ t ■ 
 
 ^. yirgim/ismd T, FetuJtitK'^y^' ''"' 
 
 THefe are thusfetdown by Li^jyttiS^CaJfto^ 
 doriis, as here they be named. Dtonyfius 
 writeth them, An.ftrq^tnius Moktattitit sod T, 
 Veturius Geminus. The regifier of CufpiniaUf 
 barely Montami-^ and Gemi«us.The SicJli in,C4- 
 iimontaniis zndGemiyus. Aioma-ius it\d C ali- 
 montanus are both ons.Pudiat: us Virion the Ora- 
 tion oiCtcero ioxComelius-, callerh thcfeCon- 
 ixAsiAu.f^irginius Tricoftiis., and L.f^fturifisCi- 
 curimis: whereby it may be uivierflood that 
 both of them had two furnamesj ro tvit, the 
 ont-jricojlus C^limontaius . and the other,(jf- 
 minus Cicuriaus: forfo elfcwhcre other writtfs 
 teftifie. Cujpi>i!a-iiis obferveth, that this Cicuri- 
 nm,-,h alfo called Coturniut by fome writers. 
 
 4^1
 
 to T- Livius. 
 
 
 26 X 
 
 Sf, Cdjfittf ind PeJlhumiMS Cominiitr, 
 
 SOLivius 2ni DionjJtKj. Of them ipeaketh 
 Cicer0 alfo in his Oration for C<?r»^//»/. But 
 CmffiniM hi£ books (ct forth unto us, Vifcelltntts 
 8c ^rtruMCHs. The Sicilian records, ^«r«»c«/,and 
 V$tellinMs. And that thcle (ame were Confulj 
 together in this veeC) «nd entred upon their go- 
 vernment the firft of Septemlxr, looner then 
 the cu[tom was, as DionjftHi writctb. 
 262 
 T. GtgAtiiHs and P. Mimtim, 
 
 DTenjfius in the beginning of the feventh 
 book nameth for Cod, this year T. Gega- 
 nitti }AaceriMH,*ri<i P- MitHtttts, The lame doth 
 LiviHt in the I'ccond book. Cafsiodorns like- 
 wise and Et*tropiHS. Otofim alfo in the Iccond 
 book and fife chapter, leaving out one of their 
 furnaroes.Butthe Greek records and Qufpinians 
 fco jk furname them both, the one \s\aTceriKUs, 
 the other jiugurinus. And thcfe arc ordinary 
 Cunaroes, thisco M»««f''j«ndtbe former to tha 
 
 ^ 26s 
 
 U. UiiHiiHJ^ind Mt.^cfpreaiHF, 
 
 SO L«r7 and Caftiodorus (et them down, o» 
 mitting their furnames, as alio the numerall 
 nctc II. But D/o»> /S»irecordeth them fully in 
 ibis maner, ^. Sempromus Jtr<»ti>:usthe lecond 
 lime, and M. Minutiuj ^ugHrmuthkew'uc the 
 fecond time. This yeer reckoneth D,o>,jSms tor 
 the nineteneth.after that ?oplicola the Cof.pub- 
 !i(bed the law of appealing. 
 
 2^4 
 St. NaMtiHs and Scxt. Furhis, 
 
 AFter A«. SemproKius and M. ^Itnttim Coff. 
 DionjfMS bringcthintoluccecdtheni, i^. 
 Sulfit'ttt CsmcrittMs, and Sp. Urtiut Flavus 
 the lecond time. C«/^.«M«regilters, Cormttis 
 tnd F/aVHs. the Sicilian, Camerinus and 
 FUvus. Moreover, Comutus js an ordinary 
 lurnamc to the S*/p«ii, as may oc gathered out 
 of the Capitoline tables of ftone. And that thelc 
 Coir, are not to be left out, either according 
 totheacconut of the Capitol, or to make up 
 and dicelt the Turn gathered by K4rro,appearetb 
 
 by the Triumph of P. VuUrms. which. would 
 not fall totbe yeer 279. «t wa fbould dedutt 
 thelc Cofl.out of theKalender. 
 
 265 
 t.Sicitiitis and C. hqtulms, 
 
 NExt after the former ConlnU, therefol- 
 lowed according to Dtonyfius, C. IhUus 
 lulut tr\<'^- ?i»<*rn*s Rufns Con\u\s. Cufptman 
 his records deliver unt'-us, IuIhs and M^mir- 
 ctnus : But the Greek, IhIhs and Ruffi. And 
 that Uamercus is a furname to the ?i»arit, ap- 
 peareth by another place. Theie Conluls Lit// 
 ovcr-paileth. like as the other the ycit before : 
 up n whom, they that undertook the explica- 
 
 tion of the Capitoline tables have noted, thzi 
 Cherewant Confulsfortwoyeers. So, fast oC 
 bim\elf the like n^ay befaidto that which be 
 writetbin she nirnh book of P./., in this maner 
 
 LlrO r?'''^ P'/^b-ingeth in immediately 
 after Q,.r,t„: and P. D.cu,, leaving oat two 
 yeers^ vvhereofwe h.ve reported thar CwS 
 and W..«,«,«, vvere Conit:!s m.h.one, and 
 Ccrrcl,„, with Marn^s in the ofber.l Whether 
 he forgatthcminthcdigefting of ^ Anna!? 
 or of purpose pailed by them rnoiwithhnTdS 
 be thought oFthofc two couple of Comuf)^? 
 u uncertein. Moreover, the Ibmame otT^/^ 
 ;«^, was transformed every where Into T^l 
 and Tm!,.us- but that it is to be red /V// Jb'rh 
 MW,.««. ,nd alfo after hi.n P.....^'^ 
 eth. For this furname /«/«, jj Jet from J/^ ^'^ 
 the fon of ^«r^. and f . om the V^^ f '"'"''' 
 isderived the denommatrn of .> '."^i"^, 
 therefore ;>'/>^,7[,ith, '^'-i-iy , and 
 
 V" /«/"»« ho,,fi at V.ome, fir fi can,c 
 
 AndlTl^^^""'''^-*-^/-- '' 
 
 And L-t/;- ipeakmg of the lame in thj, «!« 
 
 i^Z'^l ^«^->'he boufe of the ij.l^^l 
 for the author otthfir name. «'i^ccd 
 
 ■3.66 
 
 ^p.Caffius. Vreash: Fnginius. 
 
 gVttoIcave theie things ; S;,. /^«„«;,,^ 
 lJi>cx Fnrws, are by D.o„,/,us^ Lv>us tpA 
 Cafsrodcrus, ranged Qn'uUin -hisye^r In 
 ^''//''«7„t;''' An.als. there IS i?.,,//i7beiur^ 
 «n the Sicilian, /Vj«/;«<, and Fufut' 
 
 267 
 
 t^^ZfrV""- •^"'^'^^ ^°"'"'^ ^bis year- 
 
 7{ 1 / ^f "'.'^*^«^"»'"e ro be r. S,«,„. &' 
 
 C. A^«.A«y he lurnames of thefe.by theGret!' 
 record s.ndC«>W.K,lenier, were TuCcuf 
 
 rJt 7'- ?/'' "^^''•'^"'•^' ""^ «"^ f« "lied 
 (as Mar/u„,s obfervcrti) who wa. ^a^,/a cAo^ 
 
 re, >.oi a duikifh black, or Uo wnilL colour. 
 268 
 L. hLmjlius. L.Furius. 
 
 L/z'y avouchcth Confuls for this yeer,S/>.C4=3 
 ^lUsx^^VroCHlusV.rgtniHs: and Dx.-,,/?«x' 
 <,p. ^^^jfiHs the (econd time, with ^roaluj Vn-^ 
 gtn-us^ And Diodarks in hii eleventh book, un- 
 to ^/r^"»'tf^ addeththe rtiir.eTrico/ur, The 
 Greek records, as alio thole ofCufpiiiia»fnt\ie 
 mcmion oi Rutiiitts and Vi^ccUiuks, Nowa:' 
 concerning the amtoiVreculus, fome think ' 
 they be fo called, for that they were born whcfi 
 iheir parents wcr«: old, ^wj/, Vroa.-.l ^utcprc 
 grefsit ».far rtspt in yeer£.> 
 
 SIlT 
 
 •• pi, 
 26^
 
 3C020 
 
 I be Lbromiogte 
 
 D 
 
 269 Confuls this yeir .• butl-it^and Caffiadorni p\xt 
 
 M. tayius. L. ralerius. Jn fl ead of t hem, Q. Latins and C. Jtmiut. The 
 
 Jodorus in the fiid 1 1 book, dcdareth Q.. Sicilian regiftcrj, as alio Cit/ffmaM, luliut and 
 
 Fahius VibulanMS, itid Scryins Cornelius ^abiMs. 
 
 Cfps,{ot this yeers CoJT.Tberame ioDunyJitis 
 Lit7,aDd Cajfiodorus ,{is\Qg that thcy Icavc cot 
 theturoamts. Dut as touching the rnrname of 
 Cojfftsy (tbityemay be tefoUcd) men were 
 named Cofsi in the old time, who had nvel'd 
 and wrinkled bodies, like to tfce wood-worms 
 breeding in trees, called Cojji. Vltnius in his 
 17 book and 24 cha^. laith : Ryot and wan- 
 
 - ■a74 • .■■• ,M 
 
 L, t/£mjlitis, T. ServiUut, 
 
 BY the teftimony of D/#«7/«x,tbere follow- 
 ed Conruls next aittr^M.^nhi^i ne fccond 
 time, andC. Mw«//'«/. But Diodorus, livius^ 
 tnd Cefiodorus, deliver unto u»M, i: al'ins ind 
 
 ton^ic^s hath brought upthe ufe at the table of C». ^<»»//«j for Conlulj. The Greek lecords. 
 
 the daintier wood»wotms breeding in oaks. 
 Hcr^pon Saint fJieroms againft Jtvitiian : In 
 Ptf«f)»/i'quoth he)ind P^r;_g/.7,it is counted high 
 and dclicat fare to eat X)l fhagionxioi lo be cal- 
 led thofe plump and tat worms which came of 
 rotten wood, and amoDg them are reckoned to 
 yeeld a great revenue ar>d commodity to the 
 houickeeper. Of ihero the Romans took their 
 names of Ccj^jOj^K/jf, Q'fitBiiy and Cojfuti- 
 
 Mtl, 
 
 QiFaihs, C Julius. 
 
 oame F.j^/»Jthe fecond time, ana Cm >»i);itusf 
 CufpiKiMs book hatb^/^>ir/<j«»/the lex^nd ^ime. 
 The Capitolinc ftonc fliewcih,C«. Munlius the 
 fon aiVttbliits. 
 
 I7S 
 
 C. }lorats«s. 
 
 T. Ment:'.HS, 
 
 F'IviMS,C»jfudoTUS, Dtodorns Ami Dion- fins, 
 make report of Cttf? F-ihtus i.. . ^vc „ ;^a 
 
 Col. f his year withr.^/rf#»/«rj/ jut rhe Sicilian 
 regifters, ^nbtus with Rmiit^s.DioAyi^, . .lofeth 
 that C<«/fl the brother of the Coi. 'voo gave him 
 his place, was a third Contil ih's yeer. And 
 Ltv^fiith, that T. VirginiHs Kuitlus die., in 
 
 LVeivs R.mjli!ist\\z foD ofMi«w<rf*J, and 
 Crf/of4^i«j the fon of Ctf/o, arc by D#tf»;- 
 fius recorded t be Confuls of this y eer. \^vj and time of the pcftilcnce the : 90 y eer. 
 Qpjfiodore approved the fame. DiodorusX^t' 
 wiie, laving rba: be addeth to L. EiujUms the 176 
 
 I'urrameof M.<aHtrcm: but they leave out the ^.V^rginitss, Sp.Serviliut. 
 
 fore names uf their iathers. The Greek records 
 
 have yiamercus ir.d F^bius. As for ihe (urnamc A Ccording to Lti'j, DioMyfins, and C*Jfiodo- 
 of WnmetcHs , Dionjjius give h it umo&mjliMs rus, the Coniuls ti)is yeer were L. JEm//fns 
 
 hiiiifclf U'lhc third Ccnulihip. Moreover, Sex. ,nd C. Servtlins: box Diodortis nameth, Lm.JEj 
 
 r«»;/»f/»j-affirir,eth, that the kindred £.»Uia 
 took na;; c oilsiumereus ibc U-not Vjthagoras 
 tbePbilofopher, who for his lingular humani. 
 ty, was lurnamed ^mylius. but as he faith 
 JLmylius us namesna not a furname. Now 
 was ihi? iimjl hs the Ion of lAomtrcus, as wii? 
 nclsctaD/»»//fwT. 
 
 27 I 
 K. Vabius, Sp. Turius, 
 
 Dhnjftus hsfh for this yeers Cofj. Vl^^chs 
 tabius ribMlar.us. and L. Valerius Votitus. 
 liionjfit^s, LiviHS, and Caffitdorus, M, ^»biKs 
 
 mjliMS M»mercus with C. Cornelius Lentalus: 
 the Sicilian rcgiders, JEmjlius with Efyuilmus. 
 Another fragment of the Capitolineftooe, oti" 
 \yStrnSHS Akiala: w\th Efqttilitif/s (ubflirutcd 
 in hisroo.n. Moreover, Ma>3tercus(KScx.l>om'' 
 peiMS wii'-eth) is an Olcane fore- name j who 
 aUoreporteih, th t the Houle JSmjIm was fo 
 called of Mamercus the fon of Vytha^or^s the 
 Philofopher, who for his pafsing courtefie was 
 fotnamed JEntjlius. 
 
 C. NMtius. 
 
 »77 
 
 P. VAlerius. 
 
 and b V-il-rifts The Greek records, '^^nhms and T Ivius, Q^Jfudoyus, Dienjpui^ and Diode- 
 Viltifiiis : and finally C«7)}.?«m«j book ^«btHs ■*-'r«x, put down for Coff. 7",Mf»ff«;*i and C. 
 
 and \>otiius. 
 
 M. Tabiui, 
 
 27 2 
 
 Ch. AIukUus. 
 
 Dhnjfius mstcheth together in the Conful- 
 fliip this yeer, C. IuUms and Q.. F-j^;*r. 
 Ltvius ind Cnjfioderns, Q, Ytibins „nd Caius 
 Julius. The Sicilian regifters and Cufpinian Ju- 
 lusxaA fdbius. 
 
 D 
 
 K.rabius. T.Firginitis. 
 
 Ic lyfms \\i\tci)^i, that Ca/a Yabius the fc- 
 conu I mcjand S^. l^unus Jldedulimtus were 
 
 Hsratius. As for Diodorfis, he added unto Ho- 
 ratitts the (urnameof VmlvilliMs : and the Ca- 
 pitoline Rone lurnaniethMfw«/*.»,L<?«<jrw, And 
 even fo both in Cmfpini4»s Kaleoder an "^d 
 Sicilian regifters, are to be fecn LMKatui j.od 
 Vulvillus Oi thelc Cofl.G^ff/^jinaketh mt uioa 
 in the 17 book & la chip, but not without fault. 
 278 
 L.FuriMi. uiM*rli»s. 
 iJviuSfCaffiodorus, and r/5»i/7«.-j |> ; down 
 tor ColT. AYirginiusiui. Souriut Servs-ms, 
 Dioderus, A. Virgimus Tricofrus^ and C. >t/vi- 
 Jims Strm^tts,]n Cujpi'-tan his Kslendcr, Virgi' 
 fitus, for bis furnamc bith RusHms : and the 
 Capitol m rblcs, give StruPusto Servilitts: the 
 Siciliaa records have both. 
 
 *79
 
 to T. Li vus. 
 
 ^7P 
 
 L/v/ind C4j/y^i0nv/ Daminat foc (his yeers 
 
 iCofs. P.r4/fr/*/ind C. Namtims.Dionj fitly 
 P. Valtrins V0fico/tt and C. NamtiMs, D$0dcrMs m*rcHJ. 
 V.FdIeriMS P»plic»/a, tn^C, Ndmttits Rmfms, 
 The Sicilian refifiers ,thu> Ntuums atid Po^/i- 
 «/* Cufpini c;, Voplietl* and R«/*/. The Capi- 
 tol ftones, having torR*f«^, ^w»/w/;likcas 
 Diony/iits before m {jtrtms, for R*/« putietb 
 down Flav0s, 
 
 dtrmt, L. r4/rr»j./ PtplicoUi and 7". l^mjl,ns 
 }A4mtr€Ms. Dionjfins, t,\^leriHS fhc Jccpnd 
 time, and F. t/Emjlins. The Sicilian remitters 
 yeeldus nothing but the barcnimes, Em)ltmt 
 ind WoleriMs; but Cffpimnn^ Vn$tMs\ai Ma- 
 
 mtremi - ■ - 
 
 lO^E 
 
 185 
 
 i. ^insfiMS. P. PuriutA 
 
 DIoiorfts fhisycer niimfth Confals, L. F«. 
 
 knd i^iffi^dormt tecord i, ^»r#*/andC.A/4«- 
 ^«»^.2)/(7rr;ff*rcometh with yf.Miwiitts andL«. < 
 fMriMs.AtnTliAMms givctb Warning to read FmI. 
 foj not fo^. 
 
 a8 1 
 
 Ap^. CUt*ditii ion of Appims. T, Quititms, 
 
 DlaHjfiMs would have L. JEmjlius lAamer- 
 cmt tob?Con(ul the third time this ycer, 
 with Vopt(cns lultMS : hot L/v^, L. ji,mjlnts and 
 OpiterVirgi»iits. Howbcit bc (ititb that in ibme 
 Annals be found Fopifcns iMlims^ in (lead of 
 Virginimt. And them Dioiomt, the Greek re- 
 cords, and the avoucbers of the ConfuU tables 
 within the Ct^itol, ba? c followed. In the frag- 
 ments wbereot is rcid /«/»*/, which is a iur- 
 naire of the /»/»/. And therefore in the Sicilian 
 regifters it is thus wtitten,i£0»^//«<x and JmUus: 
 but in tbofcofC«f/^/»'<»«jM4iwrrf«xaDd V»pif- 
 iks, C.ajfivdertu htth followed Z-iff.Morcover, 
 ^ppttts is a peculiar name ot the C/4u<j</,wbich 
 no citizen eli'e of Rome nfed : becaufe it was a 
 ftrangerj name. 
 
 L. Valerius. 7". JEmjUns, 
 
 f Ivins, DitnjfiMS., and Ca£ltd»rns, name for 
 this yeer Confult, L. Vmanus and Lm. Furt- 
 $u.Diodonts, L.T'enarius'Miimercinfis. and P. 
 F*f«*/!f/fjwfSut fauleity,asS/^*»'«/ and 0»«- 
 fhnmf th\!^k. Of ibcfe Cofl. M. Faro mtVetb 
 mention, and MtcrehiMt in the iiril book of tbe 
 Saturnalia. 
 
 T. Nmmicius Vrifcut. A, Virginias, 
 
 D7o»;^*/(»ith,tbeConrul$ofthi$ ycer were 
 App. CUudiiii the ton of Appitts^ rurnamed 
 alio S<i*#»«r/, and r. ^w(»f I*/ Capno/i»nf. Livj 
 ieavetb out their (utnames. 
 
 384 
 T. QminttKs. P. Servidtts, 
 
 LIvy and Cijfadtrns fct down for Confuls 
 ibis yeer, 7 . A^mjUns and L^ FJerius. Di- 
 
 DUnjfius, bitb for Confuls this ycer, A; 
 \irg$Hiui AiontanHi{^<Mhom the Grctk re^ 
 cords call C^lime>,t4mus)mA T.Nh^i.Ch* Vrff- 
 CHI. D,dd*rMs^l,v,Hs, ,nd Q.^ffiodyrns, conceal 
 tbeirlurnamci .• and whom fhc Sicilian regi- 
 fters name Qdimmmus^ C*/>,««« calletft 
 NimtntMui, 
 
 ^,StrVil$HS, Sp.poftbumini, 
 
 ^Dionjfius wertad for ihji yccrs Confbts 
 
 ^*/«i*/ Ctpttolinus, and S?ri.,/,»j- t>/^,/c«> 
 
 _A^<*/ and CMfflodorus, ate (iient for thcfur- 
 
 namcs : but m Ditdorxs there bc T.Qjuntiu: gc 
 
 ^Srrz/i/,ir/Str«»«*/.InC*j^ieMwk«lender,C4. 
 p»7(»/,«*j and Pri/:»/.ii the Sicilian regiftcrs,t<« 
 ltmOHt4tms and Vrtfcttt. 
 
 Q. f .«^/«/. 7'. QuimfMs, 
 
 J^IviHt, and Cajjladoruj match together iri 
 Confuifhip for this yeer; T. ty^mjUui and 
 Q F4^i«/. lii«n]ffiits,T. AmjliMt the li. tiroei 
 and Q.f<»^»*i The Sicilijnrcgilters.i£w;/i»/ gc 
 \i[ultn»s,Cmlpim4n Mamercus and VtbHlanus, 
 Diodtrms^ Mmfltmi M*mercHf and Q )F-rt^/«j 
 WiiMUums. This is that F<i^;«y whoattera'ards 
 was four times Con(u! and was tbe only \ at/us 
 that IbrviTed, when the Fahi were flain at O*. 
 mera : not a child at tbe time of fourteen yects 
 ofage.buta Icrviccable and an aaivemanof 
 bis bands, (as 2)/*»;y;«r/reportctb>nd was the 
 fbh of Marcus i man who bid been Conlul, 
 
 288 
 h.F«flbi*mi»tKlbms, Sp. ^»ri»t Ftifus. 
 
 THis veer had for Confuli, Q..^rvil,Ms and 
 Sf. ?oflhumims.\i Vv} and Cajfiodcrut re- 
 pott: but Pr//r»i and A/b,»inM$ Cufp,r.ia» (aitb. 
 And by Dionjifmi bis teilimony .J^, Vo/H.MmiMs. 
 yillfinust and ServiliMt Prifcus tbe fecond time ' 
 Viodortts nameth Q. Servi/ius Pri/cms the Ic- 
 cond time :bu\ Diodorut nameth Q. ServiltMsic 
 Sp.Vo^hMm$us hlbtntts. Howfacitin the frag- 
 ment of the Capitol marble, Sp.VjIt/jumiMsi^ 
 lurnamed Mhut Regilitxfit.ind not /UbiMs^ivA 
 Id },UritM thinketh ft ought to bc read. 
 
 .. , 289 , 
 J^fvims ritoetb r. <!«/«/««/ and Q. Tabius 
 QnJfiodtrHS. r. QmntiMs the lecond time, 
 ■nd Q. ¥abiits the fecond time. DiodorMs,Tit. 
 Q^MtntiHs Capitclinm and Q^. Vahtus DienjCmi 
 Tu, QMindm Capttolmui the third tioM, jjncl 
 (Xfabitis VibMlanHs the tecond time. 
 SHY. ,'p-
 
 im 
 
 The Chronologie 
 
 > „ 290 
 
 t.imretiitt Tricifitiiim. t.JfejPirifs, Gfmimt^ 
 
 According to the dapitofioe table* A«/«i 
 Tofihumitts ; out of Ltvjf,DiovjJiMS, iod 
 Cafiedarttt, P»^. Ffirifis Fufnt^ are noted for 
 Conluls this yeer. D/fl«/or«if putteth to Furinus 
 the only gentile furnameMiri^«^/««J for Fufus. 
 This ^. VonhumiHi was the fooi of yif . Vonh»r 
 mius the Dilator. ^ , , .*, > , / Vol 
 
 291 
 
 v ^ ; 5-1 V.v-) 
 
 V.Felumpius. f Serv.SnJfitiHs, 
 
 -v 
 
 '- - 
 
 T /«// and Cajfiedo) uswntc that there bUqw- 
 ■*-'ed as Co(r. this yeer, P, Servilias.' t)ut Dio' 
 nfftus nameth L. t^hutius and P. Servilius 
 SrifcHS. Diedorus^Lu.eJE^titittJ Elva and P»^. 
 ServiliHsSttuUus . The Sicilian i;eg,ifters (hew 
 Vrifcus and FUvuiiCuffiftidn^^lva and ?rifcfts. 
 The Capitol ftones exhibit unto i>s V.Serviims 
 the fon ot Sp. P. N. «. the fpnsj(9,n o^/!«if/iw»^ 
 arid lutnaroed Prji/iwf. ,, c-.,? .'• 
 
 C.C/4//^/«/jifo'n tt^pfiui. ?.YaferiHs Voplicola, 
 
 T /f^ Cajfisdore, and Uirwfef, reprefent unto 
 lis as Confuls this yeer, L, Lucretius Tricipi- 
 ti»us, and T. 'Veturi»s[ot Vet»fius~\ Gtminut: 
 but Dtederus^ L.iLucretius irAT.'\eturtus Ci- 
 curinus. Cujpifiian his Kslender, Gemmus ztt^ 
 'Tricifttmus.HhQ Sicilian Regiftcrs,T?'«f//»»f»'»«i 
 and V««»-<«;.'tbe Capitol monuments ULa- 
 crttiHs Tricipitinus, 
 
 Hi 
 Q. FAbinsytitthnHtHl.L.CorntJ, Maluginejls 
 
 T Ivius and CaJJiodorusTprolcGz forConfuls this 
 ■^yeer, P .Volumnins and Serv. Sulpiuus. Dio- 
 TijfiHs-) P-FclumniHs, and Serv, Sulpitiins C/tme- 
 riKUf. The Capif ol marbles have P. Volumniut 
 Amintinu! Cjalhs. Of the fame Conful Vakrims 
 Ipcakcib, in bis ficft book and fixt chapter. 
 
 294 
 L.Minutitts.C Namitt!, 
 
 T Ivj and Dignypus name, P. Wa/eriw Pu^- 
 Ifcolii^ and C- Claudtut Sabmu: Confuls for 
 fbjSyeer: Dioderus, P. Waletius VopUca^ and 
 ^. Claudius R egii&fiHs.'Xht Sicilian regill:ers& 
 C«yp/«/<«„jcall themPo;>//<:tf/4 and Sahmus.The 
 Capitoiine macble hath this record, P." Valerius 
 P. F. Qfonof P.3 rolufi N. /. the Ions fon of 
 ^e/flr/a/jfurnjmed PopliceU]o\A Livj^DionjftHS^ 
 Orefmic they that have ranged the Cof.in the 
 capitol, have reported that P. Valerinstht Con- 
 ful was flain in the battel againft the bondflaves 
 who this yeer(under the leading of ^,9. Herdf- 
 »/»/ the Sabine) held the Capitol by force,and. 
 that in bis (lead L, Qumtm CincinnAtui was 
 iubnitnted. 
 
 39s 
 Q.. MiHHtitit. C. lieratm PMhfll0i. 
 
 T Ivius, together with Cafitd'rut, dcclare.fot 
 ■*-' Confulsjthis yeer, Q.. Fai>if«s the third tiin<t' 
 and h.Cfirnelitis ■^'il»i>>i'»Ji/iDt^ayfiifS;Q^Fi' 
 iists'yiS^lamsjhe i h^rd t ime, and L. Corns Itut ', 
 Diodortu^Q^ Fabfui (^ihlama y»rid L.Corntliut 
 xBlji/fof". t^C/Sicijisp regiftets,. and CtsJpiKiau 
 ytbulaKUs and M«/«^i^f»ji>.T^c capitol marble 
 
 C./<?^'»<^ V'^«/<i»«Jihc third tiri. 
 
 .■■'-■»•-■■.•"■■■ i' ' i1e»- V 
 
 M. Valerms, Sp.VirgiritH.;^..^ ;, 
 
 Both Livj snd Caj^iodprcy deliver unto us 
 for Confals,L,iW/»»//«j.and G. N^«rf««/.D«. 
 enyji^s, L, Mixutius and C. .A7'«««//«;thefecond 
 time, Diodetus Minuiiifs Kct.§^^iAvh{.tni C.Nm- 
 tim KutiJfus. The capitol Lljoncs C* JSTaHtiits 
 Ruiiiius tbe leccnd time. What this furnam? 
 .nA^nTicLvos (hoald fneat\,S/£onifis and Onup^ri- 
 Ms conliefle they knovy not, and think in Head 
 thereof s we (hould read dyt^ivoii Valcriui 
 lAaximHs (f book 2 cbap.Ot thankful perlonsj 
 wtitethtbele Confuls corruptly, Q;for Nahti^ 
 ufy and MiMutius. **. 
 
 '"" '^97"""" 
 1. Romulus. Sp, Yet Mr ins,, 
 
 XlvjvadiCaJfiodortis name for Coil, this yeer 
 Q^. MiufitJsss and 4/. Beratitif \Pu/villus ; 
 ^"t herein tbey do amiflc, as 5;_g*w/w and Om«. 
 P^rwfuppofc: for the fame Livj wtitcth, that 
 Caids Horatifis PulviUus died being Augur in 
 the yeer 502. Diodorustamtxh L. Ptfihumius 
 and M, Horatius. Dtonjfius Q, Horatius and 
 Q^. MiKiittHS. The Capitol records, C- Horatius 
 Vtilvillus. And the Sicilian regifters, PtdviUus 
 and tiugurinm. 
 
 Sft Tttrpeins. At uitterius. 
 
 IN L/f; and Cajfiodorus, and Dionjjinst we 
 find Ccfl. this yeer, S V<j/(fr/V.T with S/». Yitgi- 
 nit'.s.?>\H\n the twelfth book ofDWor«jM.V«- 
 leriuJ LaU^cca, and Sp, Yirginins Tricofius. In 
 CufpifiiansYi\\ttdcxMaxirKns and Ctilimomtwus 
 In tbe Sicilian, M(«a;ot/« jnd Yirgtrtim. In that 
 of the Capitol,^/. Yalerius yiax. As for L«iff«« 
 «•/««/, P//«/ff (liewcth, that it is a lorname of 
 the \aleri!. Of tbeie Confuls alio, CfKfori>;ns 
 maketb mention in bis difconrfe of the plaies 
 called Seci-lares' 
 
 2f9 
 P. Ctiriati^j, Sext. Q^intiliHi 
 
 A Ccordingto U-y/, CajfioderMs, and Vionj' 
 fius^ this ye^r Vpf«n«/and T. Romulus eri' 
 ^r^d upon the Confulfhip. Dhdorus deiiverctb 
 unco US CYetttripis Ctcttrimsiiad T. RomuUut 
 V^ttcMus, G«//»<»M»; Kalcndcr fl]ewethG«iw»« 
 »Wf and Faticanus. The Sicilian, Rocus and 
 V«*f/*/.TheCapftol record?, T.KemultMfion 
 of T. nephew or fons fon of T. VnttcMus, Of 
 the fame KetKuliut, Piit// alfofpeiketb aIfo7 
 book, chapter a8. 
 
 299
 
 to T. Livus. 
 
 300 
 
 T. Mjit?nius, P. StfliHS CapftaliHHs. 
 
 SVur'iHs TArftiHs fon of M, and nephew of 
 M. furnaned MoatMUs Cupttoltnut, theKi* 
 \tnicr oi VerrtHs Flticcus fhcweth unto us for 
 one Confuls this yeer. Of whom, Dtodtrns^ 
 DioMjfus, LiVf, VcdiiVt'-^s upon dcere his oxi- 
 tion tor CVcfZ/ftj-, and Caffiodorus mike men- 
 tion fave only the larnimes. Cn^pinians book, 
 and the Greek records, have CApitoltnus. As 
 for bis colleague, they diffent at7d ditagree. For 
 "Diodoras would have him to be jiuUs hfliri- 
 vs Vcntittalu ; but Dioniji.ts Aulas Tcrmemus. 
 Livjnadf/injf the fc»enth book, chapter fc- 
 Vcnand twtn'.y, A. JLcerBius. So/inms cbiftet 
 4. GeU. I book,chapter 1 1. -^. Thermus. Laft- 
 \y,Ctffi«dorM, An. AteriKS, Vihom Sigcnius 
 and Ofiuphrius follow, 
 
 '301 
 .^pf, Clitadiis. T. G:ntit/s, 
 
 LIvy and Cajfiodoras likewi{e,report for'this 
 yeer ConMsySext.Oiiimiliiis and P.C«r/. 
 Mius. Dienj/fius, Sex. Q.hinti!iHs and Vieraiiui. 
 'DiedorHS, S:x.Q.uiKttlius Tcrg^eminns.Jht Ca- 
 pitol flones name him Sex. Q,«>Kf /////j-, fon q£ 
 SffA-. nephew of P«^. For this lurname Terge. 
 »j/«r/.f is con.mon both to the Woratii and L«- 
 rMf o. But S'goniHs and Onufhyifss allow Hork- 
 tius rather, 
 
 302 
 ^ex. Qjtintilitu fon of SexlHf, n> 
 phewof Pa^. 
 
 TO this Conful the Greek records give the 
 lurn me of Farus^ and fo the Capitoline 
 ti'^ls of (tone do reprefcnt him. But Diodoras, 
 "DiOriyfius, Liv/, and Cajfiodorus deliver the 
 fam;T man unto us without the lurnamf. Who 
 ws<: h's colleague, it is doubtfull. ForbyD^'c- 
 ftj/ifif It is was P. Haratius : by Li-jj and C<iJ"- 
 fioavrmf, Pnl},Q.MrtAtius: by Diodorns, Jergemi- 
 fiHf j which is the rurnairc as well of the C«r». 
 <i'/;,as the Hor»tii,Oiiftphrtns rather appro vet b 
 
 Decemviri QonfuUr. 
 
 T /-y/ and Diodorus^ together with the Cs- 
 
 '-'(•itoline regillers (asfarforthasmay bega- 
 
 tuertd oy the broken fragmepts of the tables 
 
 ^"Iicw that uipp.QUudiftsiM l.Getiutiui were 
 
 ^ -ll. elcd for this yeer, bm tbey rcfigncd up 
 
 'ria place, in regard of creating Decemvirs. 
 
 Now t touching this Decemvirat.the lawT"!?- 
 
 .^•r.tia brought It into the commonweal : which 
 
 • !.•» A.'fcrentiM Arfa, a Tribune oftheCom- 
 
 n)ons promulged as touching five Quinqucvirs 
 
 tMDc created, who (hould let down laws to 
 
 gsRC the Coif, authority. For the Commons 
 
 „ .inplijDcd, that their government was too 
 
 >'■ and tolerable, and therefore reqaired that 
 
 ■nr be abated and mads more moderat. 
 
 'I w, after he had been for lix yeer toge- 
 
 jtt'yc-nvallci by the Trib. tonocflfe.1 
 
 in the end waxed cold again, by reaton that the 
 faid Trib.obtained a grant to doable their own 
 number. But afterwards upon the occafioo tb^t 
 Ikomulius iairctHTius chs Cofl.barc themielves 
 tooextrcam in rigor againftthe Com. refufing 
 warfarfjthe (aid law was fee on foot again, and 
 ipit followed more hotly then before. Where" 
 upon when the LL. of the Senit v/ere doubts 
 full what to do, at length they relblved upon 
 this point, whereof thepcinctpaladvjfer w«5 
 T.KomutiHs) to create certain lawgiver, who 
 fiiould fet down the rigtts and priviledges both 
 of nobles and commons. And look what ordi- 
 nances by them were decreed, the fame fhoiiii 
 bind both the one part and the otber.The com<, 
 agreed to thij determination : and lb three Em- 
 baffadors, S/>. ?oflkumius Albmi.,Au MmUus 
 Vfilfg, and 'ierv. ^ulpiuus CamertKus^ were lent: 
 into Greece, to learn the ftatuts,cuftoms,rights, 
 and laws of the Athenians and other Cities 
 oi Greecs, and the fame tobiing to them to 
 Rome. Theie went their embiflage when Ati- 
 uiusAui Tarpeitis were ConluljSnd three yeers 
 after returned with the faidLws,whiIes Sefiius 
 and MeneniHs were Confuls. Now when the 
 Tribuns were inftant ?c called hard upon them, 
 to begin once for to make thefe pontive lavvesj 
 and now already /Ip.QlaHdins andT.Genuei^ 
 MS wcrcelc^ed ccff.forthisyecr; tbey paired 
 an aft of theSenat (according to the advice of 
 Arp. Claudms) That other magiftiaciesftjouli 
 farceafe, and 10 Decemvirs be created incon-r 
 fuIar,nayroi3l authority ablolutly.without liber- 
 ty of appealing from them to the people : who 
 iTionld choole as well cut of their own cufloms 
 andordmances, as the forrainlaws abovelaid, 
 Che bcft Sc mofl; profitable to the common-vveal, 
 and fet down the rights of the people of Rotne; 
 And look what they prefcnbed and prcl'ented 
 (if the Seoat and people of Rome allowed tber- 
 of) that nioald ftand in force & bind the whole 
 body of the Rate fcrever. When this aft was 
 approved by the Commons, the Confuls refig- 
 ned and gave over. In whole (lead, werecho-. 
 fen Decemvirs confular, na(iKl/,A;.C/-j«Jw, 
 T. Gexf/tiffs, the fame that gave up their Con- 
 fulfhip ^ySptsr. Folihumius, herv. "^tilpittus.Ktt, 
 M4nlius,(ihoic that w.nt in cmjarjiefrom the 
 Cofs. to Aih»t :) T. Romulfus, C. 'Julius., P. 
 ^efiiusi Vtty. Horatius, all men of confular cal- 
 ling, and !bch as had been Confuls before. Ba- 
 Mt:s, Sp, Ft I urtas, according to Liv^^Diedorus, 
 and D/o«;y7a/ ; although D/o^^/wj called Poflm 
 htimius by the nair.c ol Vubltus and not Sparius 
 asLivj, ind Dfodortfs do, LikewifcI./t7fore« 
 nameJh Vaurius, Lucius j Xiionjfms Tittts 5 bat 
 Dtoderus and the Capitcline (iones, bpurius, 
 Thefe Decemvirs began their government it^ 
 the 301 yeer after the foimdation of the City, as 
 L'i'7 writeth, and after them Cijfiodorus goeth. 
 But the avouchers of the Capitol records, fay ilr 
 was the yeer 502;& with them agreech So/*««/» 
 But Fatro{\Nho Onuphrius folio wet h)account- 
 eth the yeer 303, Thefe fat in judgment and aA- 
 niflred jullice to the people by turns every one 
 his tenth day .-on which day th« faid cbiil jndico 
 
 1025 
 
 Sfff* 
 
 feitl
 
 I024 
 
 The Qbronologie 
 
 bsrc the foveraigo port,with his 1 2 Li6tors be- 
 fore him ; the other nine bad but one fcrgeant 
 apeece to give attendance: and theinguUi 
 concord among themfelves5which otherwhiles 
 was an agreement profitable when they were 
 private, proved exceeding great equity to o- 
 thers. 
 
 teth evidently, thitpart of this year wai taken 
 up by the Decern virs,ard part by the Confuls. 
 Tacittu and Rtiftu write; that the Df cemvjis 
 continued but two years. 
 
 504 
 13 Y this time the Commons, befides that 
 they detelkd the name of Coff. no lefs than 
 KK. found no mifs of the Tribuns afliftane, 
 nor fought once alter it, feeing the Decemvirs 
 yceld one onto another in reciprocal appealing. 
 With great affection therefore and endeavour, 
 as well of nobles as commons,there were crea- 
 ted for this year alfo Decemvirs in Confuls au- 
 thority abfoliitly without appeal, jit,Clandiui 
 thefecond time,^.F4^»«f who had been four 
 times Conful, M. Comclim Midagimnfts bro- 
 ther of Z-. Corueli'fs, who had been Conful in 
 the year 29 5 ; M.Ser^/'«/,£..Mj/;«f/V«, T, A»to- 
 fiim Merenda M.Rahfileim : and three likewife 
 of the Commons, Q,. VetiliH*^ K. Dhi/ius, and 
 Sp.Oppiw CorHiceKyZs witnefleth Diodorm Dio- 
 Tiyfutii and Livj ; although the gentile names 
 for the mort part are by Viodortu omitted. 
 
 305 
 
 WHen the more part of the former year 
 was paftj and that upon the adding of 
 two other tables to the former ten, there re- 
 mained no more to do, (in cafe the faid tables 
 were once in the high court and aflembly of 
 the Centuries pafled^ why the common-weal 
 (hould have any need of the Decemvirs, info- 
 much as the commons expected, that foon af- 
 ter, the folemn court and afTembly aforefaid 
 for creation of Confuls fhould be publifhed: 
 then the Decemvirs without any word at all 
 made of that eledion or aflembly,came abroad 
 f uarded vvith whole troops of yong gentlemen 
 Patritians, and demeaned themfelves more 
 proudly and infolenily to every man. But be- 
 tote the year was fully expired, by occafionof 
 the lecherous lull of ^p.CtaudiusyViho challen- 
 ged a maiden (one of the commons daughtets) 
 as a bond-fervanc, according as Lit^;- more at 
 large wrteth ; and alfo of the commons infur- 
 redion and departing into \.\\t Avcntine-, the 
 forefaid Decemvirs gave over their Magiiitacy: 
 and when QjPftriHi the high Pontifex called a 
 general affembly of the tribes, ten Tribuns ot 
 the Commons were again chofen: andfoat 
 length in another aflembly of Centuries for the 
 Confuls, holden by the Interregeni, created 
 there were Confuls, 
 
 L,VAlerim VotitHs, M.HtrAtius Bariatm, 
 
 THefe Confuls Omphrius cafteth upon a 
 third year of the Decemvirs (although 
 Livy feemeth to diffent) to the end that he 
 might jump with the account of the Capitol, 
 which he fuppofeth to be collefted by f^arro:loc 
 by their calculation the triumphs of thefc Con- 
 fuls declared in the Capitol records, are engra- 
 ven upon this very year,*. 304: foasitappca- 
 
 306 
 
 ¥ /w««putteth down for Confuls,^;;. Hermi- 
 
 nui and T.Vtrginim CAltmontaniM. C jftodo- 
 rm \z\i\\,L.Herntt»'u^ and TjTirpmtu.Dionyp' 
 «f Writeth Aetfoi* *ffxlou<oi/ Tinrav itfyinov' and 
 ^ tod: us thus- Kit,{ivov i^^lwioV) t/Jok ii^yivtov 
 ^^vKTov- the Greek lecordsj ^f?-»»/«;«j:, Trico- 
 fi:.s: whereby 0»«p/jr/«/ feareth that it be cor- 
 ruptly written in Diodorus, StruEius for Trieo' 
 (ii:s : for StruBns was a furname of the Servilit 
 and not of the Vtrginii. As for his colleague 
 HerminiM-, that he is to be fore-named Lartt 
 befides Diodorns and DioHyfius, VateriHs alfo 
 fheweth in his tenth book, where he wtiteth 
 thus •■ The fore-name ot LAn is derived from 
 the Lurei. 
 
 307 
 M/jtganlui Macerims. C, Juiifs, 
 
 THefe are recorded likewife to be the Con- 
 fuls this year. The furnime Macerinnt,\i 
 fuppreffed by Cafflodorus and Diodorusy whoaU 
 fo nameth the other L, Julius. In BionjfiHtctt- 
 tain pages be wanting in this place. Cu^iniAn 
 his Kalender hath for Macerixus, Macrinfs. 
 
 308 
 T. QHintius CapitolinM llll. AgrippA Fftrins, 
 
 Dloityfufs and Livy both, name the CofT. of 
 this y&it^T.Qttintifis Qafitolmns thefourth 
 lime, and Agrippa Fnrins, Ditdorns and C<»/*- 
 fiodorns conceal the furname and the numeral 
 note of four. The Greek records have F«r«w 
 and Ca-pitotinus. OnufhrittsMnio TariHt addetti 
 thefurnames of the grand fire, to mx.i MedHlli- 
 nHs Fftfus, 
 
 30P 
 M, Genntins, C, CHrtiHs, 
 
 T^vy delivereth unto us for Coff. this year. 
 M.Geny.tius, and P.Curiatius. CaJJiodorUt 
 likewife M.Gewnt s and P.Curi^cii's : but Dio~ 
 fiyftMS^M,GenutsusiadC.Qjfintius : and Diodo- 
 rus hath, M.Gemtittsznd AgnpfA CurtinsChi- 
 lo. But as Sigoniusy and after him O^ttphriHs 
 have noted, it is falfly read in Livy^, CuriAttus 
 for Curtifij ; and that is proved by the authori- 
 ty ofF'arro de lingua Utma ■ and therefore in the 
 Sicilian regifters written they are, Cemtins ind 
 Cnrduf, 
 
 310 
 
 A.Scmp.Atr,ni»^s.^f^'y7'''^''''''''^rr 
 T.uJhs. ^{>ilara>ither.tr.f^ponwhofc 
 
 L. At'UHs, yer,g»At,on Co.frls „.r« 
 
 ^chojen f» thttr reomt 
 
 L.Vapirhn MHgilanus,L.SemfroHius Atratinus, 
 
 V^Hcn C, CaKHleifi a Tribune of the Com- 
 mons, had (he fortqer ycaipubliHied a 
 
 fec«ad
 
 to Titus Livius. 
 
 I02 
 
 5 
 
 I'econd law, That one of the Confuls flionld be 
 created out of the Commons, (whereby the 
 dignity of the Patritii was empaired)the nobles 
 fearing left the faid law would pafs in deed 
 maugre their heads, drew to a point ; whereof 
 CClni<di«s made the firft motion and was the 
 advifer, That inliead of Confuls there fhould 
 be created military Tribuns,three of the Patri- 
 tii> and as many of the Commons ; who being 
 endued with Confular authority.fhould govern 
 the common-weal. Alfo , that when their 
 years government was expired, the advice both 
 of Senat and alfo of people fliould be once a- 
 gainrequircd,Whetherthey would have Con- 
 fuls rather than Tribunes confular? and look 
 which pieafed ihem they fl-iould be created. 
 Thefe points being refolved upon and decreed, 
 three military Tribunes were created only, all 
 Patritii: and well enough were the Commons 
 content therewith , becaufe themfelves were 
 eligible and cap.ible ot that dignity. Hovvbeir, 
 this regiment oT theirs newly fct up, flood not 
 firmly elfabiiHied, For within 3 months after, 
 by a decree of the Augurs, they rehgned up 
 iheir honourable place , as if there had been 
 fome error committed in their eleftion: and 
 then T'Q^i>U!i:s BarbatHs^nommncd Interre- 
 gen:) created Confuls, L. t^^pyri.ts Mu^iUanHs. 
 and L. Scmprontus Atratin'-s. The Confuls are 
 left out in the Sicilian retainers. Wfll 'aith Livy 
 theretore,that thefe Confuls are found neither 
 in ancient annals and yearly records, nor yet in 
 theKalender of the Magiflrats. But Ctce/omii- 
 J<c;h mention ot them in his Epilileto Pafyrias 
 
 VltttiS, 
 
 M.GegaHitis Macerintts II. T.QHimiut 
 
 Capitolin^s.y, 
 
 T^Ti^vv/?/^ and C.^ffiodonts avouch thefe for 
 Confuls this year. As for Dionyfms.he faith 
 that they entred in the month oi December. 
 Cajfnss concealeth both their furnames, and 
 Dtodorus the one, namely, Capitolinus. The 
 Gieek records have MAcrtma the fecond 
 time, and C.tpr>(j//«.v/ the fitth time. Zonarat 
 nameth them Macrinus and BarbMtts, 
 
 513 
 M.Fab. Vib'iUnus, Pofii'-mttsEbutiusCornicen, 
 
 Xjvy faith, that Confuls of this year, were fo 
 named. DitfiJor"^ and Caffwdorus are filent in 
 their furnames. The Greek records have Vibu- 
 Uhhs and Heliid. Diodoms attributeth to Ebu- 
 ttusthc furname of 8A«;t®-,but what manner of 
 addition that might be, Si^onius knoweth not) 
 and thinketh that it fhould be read, 'Mec;. 
 
 C,FurhtsPa:ilt{s. M. Papyri^sCrA^HS, 
 
 nPHcfe Conluls by Lhy and Cafodort^s are 
 in this wife reprefented unto us. But by 
 Diedorns after this fort, Q^.Furins Fw/«/, and 
 MMtm Vapirins Cra([. s. And by the Greek re- 
 cords thus, Paeilm and CvAfn.', 
 
 314 . 
 P. GeganiKs MacrintiS, L, MenentMS L anatus. 1 
 
 T /wv/and Cajftodord'fs, deliver thefe Confuls 
 thus fully named, ProcttliisGtg^arjiHs lAacert- 
 nHs^ and LiMenenii^s Lanatus, Diodor»s,7,Me- 
 nenitts ^ tT\6 Procn/ !S Gefanins Afacrifjut, fhe 
 Sicilian regifters, Mttcennus and Lunatas. 
 
 315 
 T.Q^int, Capitditttts VJ. hMeMemf{s Lanatus, 
 
 RY Livy and Cafflodorns, thefe were the Con- 
 fuls for this year :butarner Diodnru:,T,Quin- 
 tiHStind. T.Mf>;f«»«f. According to theSiciliac 
 lo\is, A<tet3ent/<siDdC\dp,tolinfts, 
 
 316 
 M^m. ty£mjliuf, 
 L. QtiinttHi [on ofCi>3cinn<iSfis. 
 L.IuliHs, 
 
 •*) (»-Mili 
 >^^in Conf .an- 
 
 Tribu„ 
 
 nf, 
 thorityi' 
 
 TTHe Tribuns of the Commonsimported and 
 prevailed, that there fhould be an eleftion 
 ho'den for Tribuns military, rather than Con- 
 fuls; making no doubt, but inthechufing of fix 
 (tor fo many now by law might be created) 
 fome of the commoners by making profefTion 
 that they would be revenged for the death of 
 lAiliiis, would fiep into the place : hovvbeic the 
 Commons created no more than three Tribuns 
 with Confular authority, and among them L.- 
 Quihtins the fon oi'Cincinnatus, In which ele- 
 6fion, Mttmerms t^mjlinsy a right honorable 
 man and ofgreat worth , w^s by their futfrages 
 preferred before ^/>;r/«r,and Julius they made 
 the third. In like manner-. D/Won« nameth 
 three Tribuns military for this year; but in this 
 fort, M, Em)i!ftsMamerc»s, I'. Mitis, iud L, 
 Quintifts, 
 
 3«7 
 M.GeganiHi lA^erinffs ill. Z>. Sereins Fiden4f, 
 
 TTJ/'Hen the Commons, together with their 
 Tribuns were quiet, and carefully regar- 
 ded the main ftate of the Common- weal, no 
 queftion there was nor controverl'y, but that 
 Cofl". were chofen, to vi'K,M,Ge^a»tus Maceri- 
 ii.'is the third timeand L.Ser^^ifs, fo faith Livi- 
 vii4s.C/iJfiod<>'tit doth the lame,but that he fet- 
 teth down the names of the Coff. only in this 
 \y\(c.M.Ge^iimi-'s the third time. and L.Ser^ms, 
 without furnames. Dhdortis likewife, M.Gt'^a- 
 niHs and L.'>eri^ins. r«/^/«/>;/Kalender,and the 
 Sicilian regi(fers,M.3ccr«»Y.f and Fide n/u. For 
 this Ser^itts was fnrnamed FideuM (3s Livy re- 
 porteth) by occafionofthewar which he made 
 againlt the Fidenats. 
 
 518 
 l^,Q.orndU^i }A<tlu£i>ie»fis. L. Vapirtus CraJf»So 
 
 ¥ Ivy and Cajfiodortts report thefe above-na- 
 med for this year Confuls. DjodornsmrnQth 
 ihemjI'.P'*^"'"/^ and yi.Corn.M/tccrin's: but 
 donbtlefs not without error, as S'?-o>»f«/iuppo- 
 feth : for both in C«/^/»/V!w/ Kalcndtrand the 
 soils of 5«f<//jWe{ind l/ialtt^inoifis and Qrafftt, 
 
 Z^9
 
 V026 
 
 The Qhronologk 
 
 319 
 
 . Clulinsll. L,\irgmns, 
 
 THefe Confuls are found for thisycer in Li. 
 -vj tnd CaJJlodorus ; but in DiodorutC Jilt' 
 w-' and PrtculMs Vtrginitis Triccfitts.ln Cnfptni- 
 "w/Kiltrder »nd tbe Sicilian records, jniit/j 
 ^^dyirgiHfffSt , 
 
 3 20 
 
 c. imUhs ///.o 
 
 L.V'irgtniHiII.S 
 
 or 
 
 y\r, ItUnliuS, 
 P. "^Aartts!. 
 
 I Find in Licinius Macer-^ thstthe fame Coff. 
 were chofcn again for the yecr following, to 
 wit, Imlt»s the third tiinc,and VirgimHt the fe- 
 cond. yalerius hntias ind Quin, Tuber alledg 
 for this yeers Confuls. M. Magnus, and Q^ S»/- 
 fitius.Bat in thefe fo different records of theirs, 
 Tuhero and Macir both profefTe to go by the 
 linnen books j and neither of them dilTembletb 
 but that the ancient writers report of military 
 Tribuns that yeer created. As for Liciuims, he 
 ■doubtethnot to follow thofe linen records, and 
 Tuhro cannot relolve of the truth. But among 
 other things, which by continuance of time are 
 unknown, this alio is left uncertain. Thus much 
 Livjf. But i)/oaor»J in (lead of Confuls, fetteth 
 down three military Tribi]nes,namely,M./iy4»»T 
 I'fts-iQ,. Snlpttitts ?retext/ttfjs, tad SerVitisCsr- 
 ntltus Cejfis, The Greek records ('following 
 AntioiiaA Tuhrp) have delivered to US Cong 
 luljj Capi:o/h:us and Qamtrir.ut, 
 
 321 
 M. FAbiHS Vihuknus. ■ 
 Sergms Yedenai. 
 
 ^ Tribunes milita- 
 •ryin Confuls au« 
 ^thority. 
 
 THe Tribuns of the Commons in their ora- 
 tions continually forbod the the eledionsof 
 Confuls •■ and when tbcy bfd brought it fo 
 about ; that the govermenc was at the point of 
 interregency, they wan the maftery in the "snd, 
 that the military Tribuns might be chnlcn with 
 Confular authority. But reward ofthis viftory 
 which they (hot at, namely, to have a commo- 
 ner created, they obtained none ; for out of the 
 Patritii,namely M. Yabltss Wihuianns.Oi.FrflitiSf 
 Ln.SergipisYidcnas, Thus much i.tvj,Dioderfts 
 likewiic nameih tbrcf, but corruptly, to wit,M. 
 Val>iMS. M <f-ji.\h'iBiy and L. Servi/hms, As for 
 FofliHs in tome 01 the Capitol monuments, he 
 is writenF/^irff/worcr and not F alius, as in the 
 common editions of h^vj, yihbm Difdorus cai- 
 letb (^AKivioi, 
 
 322 
 
 L. PanariHs V,4merc$it,- 
 L.Fnnus MeduBinus. ' 
 Sp.'^ofihumtiisAlBus. \ 
 
 i Tribunes mili^ 
 »tary in Confuls 
 ] iQtbority. 
 
 i&Livj writetb, Jn D«</<y»JVbeyarer?t7 c 1 
 thHS, L.Furwt^,Z, • . • VinmHfMtaerCfis. 
 
 T.%J«/»r/at j:.,£f^p R{Lfic / » j-, 3 C/w##«jfr|t w^^„p^ , 
 
 , •. Julius Vitnto, , ~. :j>-^ 'J 
 An aft of the Seriat psfled, tbat^n ^Ifdior 
 cf Cofllhould be holder, wteteJo T. Q^^«- 
 titts, \_ion o{Liic:us~^Qinc:n»atus, luri arocd 
 alio Pennps, ano C. JuliusKenso, wtrc ffacc 
 Confuls, iinhLivj. The fame Cofl. C>Jj.»at 
 r«jai:o avoucbcih. The Greek reccros a^jre 
 . Tettnus and lAente : But Diodorus rjjimeth tbctt) 
 barely T,iJui»ttiss and Cat us Julms. 
 
 324 ^ 
 L,?apjrius Crttjfus.- L.JuliMs.^ :/. 
 
 THe Ti;ibuns of the Commons made mucb 
 ado, and kept a canvafsitig in the City that 
 Tribuns military in Confuls authority fhouldbe 
 created, but could not prevail. So Confuls wtrc 
 chol'en, L. Papirius Cr^pit and L. Julius. So 
 liyLivj zad CtiJJiodore : but Diodorus nametb 
 them falfly, dius Papirius And L. Junius :th6 
 Greek records, Crajfus and JhIius. 
 
 325 
 L.SirSadexoi II. Hofius LncrettHsTricipitlnHi 
 
 '' I 'He Confds thisycer iaCaj[fied<»tis, areL; 
 •*- Sergifis znd Hojius Lucretius: \n Dioaorm 
 Opiter Lueretisii a nd L. Sergius FidtfiM ; in L«- 
 vj L. Stfr^iw f/i^«tf/ the (ccond time, and Ho' 
 JlHsL'.'.cretiusTricifitir.us. In the Sicilian fegi« 
 flers, Tric'pitiKUs ind ¥ tdenas. Otthtie f^'alert^/.t 
 maketb mention in his Epitome. 
 
 A.CorifliusCopfs. T.QtktinsVcKnusIt. ^ 
 
 T^Hefe Confuls are named by Livj and Cafsi- 
 edorns for tbis veer. ButP;<^^orK/avDucbttJi 
 L. Qtsintius and ^empronius -^hMX. corruptly, as 
 Sigcmus and Onnphrius foppofe. For in the Si- 
 cilian records are w riten, Cejfus and Pe«««/,thc 
 furnamesof Corncliusznd Q.tii>itius. Of tbcff 
 Confuls Uvj fpake before, in the yeer 3 16, 
 
 337 > 
 
 C. Servilius hhala, L. Vapirids UagillanHf 
 
 T Ivy and Cajiiedortis^ name Confuls for this 
 yeer, C. ServiUus AhaU-, and L, Pttpiri' 
 nsMugtUanus , 'Diodorus for a6<</<» pUtteth dowQ 
 StruElus : for well it may be, that StruSus W«/ 
 alfo called AMa. 
 
 328 
 
 NO motion was made of Confuls eleflion. 
 . So Tribunes military were created in Con- 
 fuls authority thefc,/'i»rfrr«rM«iww«J.L.F*- 
 rjHsUeduUinntfind SpuriMS Ve^hnm. hlhsi 
 
 r. Q,utntius Temus, 
 M, Vojlhumitts. 
 C. ^urius, 
 AtCorntlitts Cojfus. 
 
 Tribunes military IS 
 'Coff, authority, 
 
 im
 
 t^T^Livusi 
 
 THe Coo^qioas catied it cleer,tha£ 00 000*. 
 this yecr were created.-for'four there were 
 elected military Tribunes in Conluls authori- 
 ty,,namely,7. Qjtiatms Petiuai immediately up- 
 on bis ConfuKhip, M. Pojihumius, C. Furtnr^Sc 
 A« Cornelius, Cojfai, Tbus writcth Ltvj : and 
 the lame Diadorns oaineth. 
 
 3 ^9 
 
 A.Sfmprtnius Atr4t$niis.'y 
 
 L,, QHintiMs C*«(:/««4t*j,CTribuns Military in 
 L. iHttMs yiedullintts. ^Cofl". authorityt 
 L. Horatitti BiirlfAtus, J 
 
 nrHefe abovenamed (p.>i Livj reporietb)wcre 
 
 Tribuns aiiiitary iq Cjloniuls ai^thority this 
 
 yecr. D/or^tfrwjleavcth cut their lurnames, and 
 
 ■^. ^<»r<«"«j full and whole. .A i 
 
 ' ,. J 
 
 • ^ 33° • 
 
 A/). C/<««a.the Decemvits fon. ^Tribunes mi- 
 Sf, Nautili! Rmilttt, ylitaryin Con- 
 
 L, Sergiui Xidenas, ^^^ S'Jthori- 
 
 SAXf.^tkltftflftlHS, j)ty. 
 
 Thete Tribiwes njilitary in ColT. authority 
 hivj (ctetb down for this yeer. The lama 
 doth p«w'«U!«/ *1'0 nomaute, all but their lur-, 
 names, and Af/>. Clattdivs whom he called T<- 
 iat, hivj moreover faitti, that there were two 
 Spurit Ni:uttiR'*ti/i, Ttibuces in thofe diies: 
 but no doubt, as Or.tipliriHS thinketb, there is 
 lome error in the copies of the book) the one 
 who is now tbe firft time and alecondtimtf 
 fball bein the yeer 3 38 ; the other, who was 
 hift in tiic yser 33 s, apd once again in the yeec 
 j'iP. The Capitol monuments ot Itone }jave the 
 Ismc.- but they (hew that the one was but once, 
 and the other thrice Tribune. 
 
 C. Sempre»ius htrattnits. QTAbittsVibnl^inus 
 
 - '.} . ') 
 
 THe Confuls this yeer created were according 
 to L«vi«J and CoJJlodorusy C, Scmfronius A- 
 tratinttSinA Q..Fd^/«/ VibulaMUs [Diodorttso- 
 verpafleth them] whom I./i_;' reporteth to have 
 entred into government, upon the Ides of I>f- 
 cember, OtC. Semproniat htratlnns Conful.V*? 
 Urius writeth fix book, cap, 5. whom he fore- 
 name tbL«a»^-but in the third book and fecond 
 chspfer, he (peaketh of botb.although untiuely; 
 tor Q^ Cabins, he nameth GL, Catulus, 
 
 532 
 L. Manliut Capitol: HHS.-c^ 
 A. yiaomusUereiida. ^Tribunes military in 
 L Piipjrius Af«5/ff.i»«J^Confuls authority. 
 L. ServilliMS StruHus. O 
 
 THe Senat being offended with the very nanaa 
 of Confuls for the hatred they bare ;to Sew 
 yr«w;«x. commanded Tribuns military to be cre- 
 ated with Confuls authority. And thefe they 
 were, L.Maniiut CapiioUn»SyQ^,\nteniKS Me. 
 re»da, and ?apjri»s UngiUnns. Thus much Z.». 
 17, in whcfo Itory the name is roiisingoftbe 
 
 fourth, to wit, L. ServiliujStru£l»t, wboio 
 Jjsyeefi337, is. found engraveain the Capitoli 
 '«?."^vT':i9unes military the Xecond time. , oj ' 
 the(c, Dtodpr.usia,\t^ not a wor^Jn a ftagmentv 
 oftheCapitolinc marble.aiere istobeieen the 
 iu^ame^of,yl/*gi4f^yw^^j,gjonging,^p l, Vapi^- 
 '■'*"• ■' >' ' ■■- ■ 3 :;i(T.'.h ■ I 
 
 T. QuintiHS Qapitolinus. N. ^^bmnhUnM^'J^, 
 
 Not only Uvj, but Qaffigdorus alfo recorilith ' 
 th.t the Cofl. this yeer viasIV.labiusWi- 
 buUnns and T. QjtimtHs CapitoU^ns Dicderft^i. 
 ovcr-paned them ; but fo do not t be Sicilian rei'' 
 gifters.In a fragment of the Capitol marbles, we ' 
 find engraven T. QjtimiHs Capta/mr/s Barb^-. 
 ;*xand N. Fabtus. This F«iW was tbe-fdn' 
 of^.F^^/a^theDecepiyir, who after jhcjoor 
 ^ab/i (lain in Cremera, fu'rvived and was the titfl 
 of all that kindred and(amily (uroamed i\r««s»f- . 
 rius : as Walertus Maximifs in his 10 book, and 1 
 Sex.Tompeius do report. As for 1. Q^umius 
 fon he wasf as Z,«r/y writeth)to that QapuoliKHt 
 who was Conful fix times, 
 
 3 3 4 
 A« Intenegtncj, ^_ 
 
 >• /I .»■-.■-"/ 
 \ 7 \ /"*" ^^^ greaterpart oFtbe yeer was 
 V V ipcnt in troubles und contentions be- 
 tween thencw/Trib. ottheCo.r.mons and cer- 
 tain Interregenis, while ibe Tribuns onevVtil- 
 would not iuffer thePattitii to go together a" 
 boutthc declaring of an interregent, and ano- 
 ther while impeached the Interregent that he 
 could not paffe an ad of theSenat for the elcfti- 
 on of Confuls :at length L.Vaptrlus UHgilUms 
 the Interregenc, by rebuking as well the Sena- 
 tots as the Tribunes of the Commons,prevailed, 
 that anaflembly (hould be holden for chufine 
 of Tribunes con^jjlar. So there were created 
 Tribunes military withConrulsautbority,and all 
 Patritii, T.Q.«/«/«j- Qinci^nAtus the third tim" 
 L. \urmsUedMlUr,H!^U. UunliusX. Sempron/. 
 us Atraiinus, 'XhusihachLivj, 
 
 A. Meneuius Lanatr/s, "\ 
 VXucretiHsTricipnims ^Trib, military inCofl* 
 Sp.Natttius. Aaiithoritv. 
 
 C.Strviliu;, J ' 
 
 jyjllitaty Tribuns with Confuls authority 
 ior this yeer, are fet down by L»v^ Agnppa 
 UeneniHs Lanmus, P. Lucretius rricpniuus 
 and P. Namius: for the name of the fourth fs' 
 wanting • andthjtvvasC. Serviliui, fon of 
 QuintiHS and nephew of Caint, faroamed Axil- 
 la-, who the yeer following, in the Capitol ta- 
 bles IS numbered among the Tribunes confular 
 with the numcrall note of Il.Soas it muft needs 
 be.tbat he was the firft time in theyeer, for as 
 much as no other fit void pUce left for bim« 
 Diodorut nameth S;. yeiuriu^.
 
 lOiS 
 
 TheQhromlogie 
 
 33<5 
 L. StrginnsTidfi*!' 
 
 C.Serviittsfrifckt, 
 
 1 Tribunes milita- 
 ry in Cooinlsaa- 
 ^tbotity. 
 
 ftoned to death by bis own army tor tii c tiieliy 
 
 F'Oc Tribunes ConfuUr this yeer, Livy na- 
 methfbcfc.This C.Servi/ii$t, iiby Vem- 
 m FUceis nimciJ Axtdd. Dhdarus calleth 
 tbem L Stfgitit^Ui.Servilitis.tnA M, Vafinus, 
 Now this M. Paftrius was fon to L Va^irhs 
 UtigiHtinHsittCctibx. 
 
 337 
 ApripfMUtHtnim Lanntus.L Sefvilh<sSt)fnUui. 
 
 P. LmcrttimsTricifitmfii. Sp. Vetni'ins Cr^ipm 
 
 A 
 
 Lltbele are recorded by L»r, for Trib. mi- 
 litary th syeer.Of fbcle L.ServthntStTH^ut 
 
 was thefirfttime in ibc }jz yeer, but Ichout 
 in Lcwf f trough fault oi tOole that wrote t be 
 copies. Dioiorus hatbtbeUmc TriDunebeiides 
 the furnames,and L ServiHus., whoin he called 
 Caius . \n a Capitolioe table their names arc 
 thus cut V.LiiCrtUHsioa omoBits,hgrif^<t M*- 
 Mthins Ion of T. nephew of y^grippa, 
 
 3 '8 
 ji. SemfrontM htrMmitsJJl 
 Sp.NnHtimsKntilimt II. 
 Tspirms Mmgil*nHt, 
 
 QNly thcfe arc by Livj recorded : but tbit 
 the pen^mcn who wrote out the books, 
 jcti out the fourth Tribnnohbis yeer QumtiHs 
 eabiw \or)oi QiuKtH! nepbcw oi M^rcuttiox- 
 nmed iXio F^bulanmt) the Capifol.ftonesand 
 Diodorus do tcftifie. Livj bimlelt alio doth 
 fliew tnc lame, who wdtcth.ihat QHtntiHs F<f 
 b,Hs was Tribune military the lecond time, in 
 the yeer three hundred and forty .• but in what 
 yeer be vvasfirft.it tppearcthnot.Moreovcr,A«. 
 Sempren Ms\'i by S^rrint FUccHsnivanii the 
 fon of LxciHStni nephew ot AmIh'. Diodorus 
 tcckuneth all tour, tju; he conceiletb their iur- 
 naaiesi 
 
 3?P 
 
 P. . C«y«//. , / Cofm. Q^ CinewnAt us 
 C F»lert%s Petitus. ^.Fubi u ^Mtbui'MUt 
 
 THtfe dotb Livj deliver unto ul (or Triburls 
 military in Confuls luthority . Dtodorm 
 in this wife, P.CorMtltsf, Ctnus .' .: .Fab'Us. 
 The tabic cf the Capitol ibos, P. Cotntlius 
 • . • .F. nephew of P. C. VdUriusSon of L.ocp- 
 he w of r<i/0fMt,\hs forename of ^/«wiia/ is un- 
 known, 
 
 34c 
 Cn.CorneUtisQofMs. L. WaltriusVotitus 
 QjFahinsMibHUi.HsII.P^Iihf.miusRfgilltnfii 
 
 THefededareth Livius for this yeer.* bur "Di- 
 edtrus, Tit tit fefihumimi^ f^tut CerMtlimt, 
 C. \*ltTiHs, and Cxfe F<t^/«/.But \0rri»fF/ae. 
 '•inimcth V.VoFihumiut (on of ji. nephew »!• 
 toot Am/us; whomLivj wtiiethto bavcbfCD 
 
 34k 
 
 C«. Cer^eltHs Coffus. C. Fwiut UeduUinfisl 
 
 THen the Nobles andLL. of tbe iSenit im- 
 ported, tbittherefliouldbeConfoiscrtstcd 
 in theCenturiataflembly.wbicbQ..frt^/»« bdd. 
 And tbe Confuls were M.CorKcliHs i^effu/^tmi 
 L. Vftnus A^tdmtliHMs.The (itps tre Oiined by 
 Dtoderuff and C^Jfwdorus, but that tbey leave 
 out their furna^.ts. Tbe Greek records have 
 C<j/«; and hUduUin'uu 
 
 C^. FafriHs 4mi;ffiitt. C. Furins VaCilns, 
 
 T /v; and C jftodorns name tbefe for Confuls: 
 Z)i0<i0r«/,luppreflctb tbcir iuroimes. 
 
 343 ! 
 
 M. Papjritst. C. \A4miiks Rmfilutl 
 
 BOth Ltvj and CaJJlodorur report for this 
 yeer Conluls, M. Pspjrms and C. Nautiut 
 RuUUus. Diodorus hath not a word [of the lut- 
 names. Cujpinians book fctfeth them down by 
 tbe lurnaraes only yiugiHnnns and Rmtlui, 
 
 344 
 
 M. vSmjlius C. f^aleri»im 
 
 T /wf and C^JfudarHs call tbefe Confuls. M 
 iy£mjltMs and C. Valerius. Dioioru' in (led 
 of M. hath M, i, Manius^ 1 bis ty£ntylnn in the 
 table of theCapitoIjisnamed in his tirll and third 
 Trjbuniliip.M.iEwy/iir/ Ion of M«t«i«/,^DepbeWi( 
 of M. and furname Mamtrci»Ms. 
 
 34J 
 
 Cw. CnmliHsCefHs. L. Furius MedttUimm. 
 
 \Jvy pntteih tbefe down for the Confuls ot 
 this yeer. C.ajfiodortss ^t^Q<.h oifcr tbcir fur- 
 names and the rumerall note of two. Diodo' 
 tis* bith L. Furms and Cn. ?omptius s but be is 
 to be written C«. Cornt'/tut, out ottbe end of 
 a broken fragment in the Cipitol .■ and the o- 
 tberL. F»riut, by bis Tribunefliip teftified in 
 the Capitol records. 
 
 C.J.liviJultS 
 P. CcTKtliUs Qtffus 
 C , Sa viltus LhtdA 
 
 345 
 
 3T1 ibunes m ilitarte 
 in CoDlyls aatbori- 
 
 ijty. 
 
 THefeare fee down for Tribunes military this 
 ycetby r.L/«;»/. Diodorus laith notbifJgof 
 theirfutnames, which tbeCapftoljnc tables exhi* 
 bit unto Us. C. Servi/ius is writen in tbe Second 
 TribuneQi'p (after the Capitol rccorcfs^fbs fon 
 of ?Mi>, and nephew of j^. (nrnamcd AhAla. 
 
 347 
 L. Ftsrim MednUinm II.C \a/triHs Vititutll. 
 
 N. FjkiHt fibiilimus 11, C. Sn viltus hhtU*>ll
 
 ^aT. Livus 
 
 f /v/ report ct a, that ths four Trbunscorjfn- 
 ^Ur were all Patritii tbisyeet 3c Ctd born that 
 dignity once before, to wit, L. Vnrimt M^JmSU 
 ngt^C.W.iUriMf Votitus^N. fahsusWftitlMns 
 md C bcrviltus AhaU ; ind then this man lalt 
 named was cholcn again and continued in hii 
 place lliU this yecr with the brmer, as well in 
 regard ut other vertuesas tor theftelb favour 
 aod late grace gotten by his firigular moderati- 
 on and rare carriage in his government. Dtode- 
 rus hub C, f«r/*j C. bervtltits CVa/cntts^tv.^ 
 NA'-fbuts. in the Capitoline tables, two ate 
 written (hou^VontMsWo/itftts 1 1 and^W*//««»J' i 
 ths other two at bll ; whcrby it doth appear (as 
 OtiMfhr-.-.is rcporteth ihnLtvj was deceived.lor 
 'lAtShUinHs was not this year Tribune the lecond 
 lime, but the lirlt : wh'.> had bi;cn twice Conful 
 b6fore,«nda,tcrthisyeer, wiHbcnoleflc tbcq 
 I'even iioiciTiibiine QiiUtary. 
 
 548 
 
 P.'C«r».<i//«J Cojfus. N. IthiMS Kmiujius, 
 QnSZorntlitts C.»jfas. L, \aleritts Vatnffs, 
 
 OF thcfc four Tribuns military, L. WJerias 
 Viiiins and N.Vubiits Smhuflus (land up- 
 on ncord in the Capitol tables ; the othe two, 
 asipjic-aiethby a tiagmcntthereotiby L/w/ al- 
 io aid Ci-Jfio4,irKS^ were Vub, Comeltus, Ion of 
 Amti'S, nephew ot M. \\iiiiliKiCojsus,{o writ- 
 ten try hi'sdidacotflTip. Utodcrfts rcckonetb Tf 
 ?««./«»/ MrfA-.«;»r; for the tourth Iritun. 
 
 54P 
 
 T.CXftiMtifS Cjtf'te/tnui, ,-l.hUnlins, 
 
 C. ImLui ju/ui. II. M. ^/£m)ltHT isUmnCHS. 
 
 DloJortit faiih, that this yeer fix Tribunes 
 were created, but be naroeth bat three,?". 
 QHictims C'lfttoliKUt^C Jttliut, and A«. Man- 
 /iw^.l.i'i/irchearrethtbemallas here theybetct 
 down. The Capitcline ftonc bath 'juUt.II. Q*~ 
 pitihntis Barl>AtHi, CificminnHs, and ths other 
 ihrcc. And this was the hrltycet that had fix Tri- 
 bunes m litary, notwithltanding that the law 
 permitted itbtfore,at what time asfiiUii was 
 grained that Tribunes {hould bccreatcd; and :n 
 this yccr began the ficgc HtU Isioicrct*, 
 
 3 so 
 
 C. rnltriHi Potitfft. Ill- CnCornelius Cojfus. 
 M. Strains Fide>.iti. K. /•>!' «/ Ambtijius. 
 r.Cointlihi t<\aii'gincKfis .Sp. NautiHS Rutiiuj.II 
 
 THe (ameTri^unestbat Lif;naineih, Dio- 
 de) us alloreheatltth.but tbat be leaver h out 
 the lurnames.rd corruptly tallcihCw. Cornelius 
 by the nur.coi jKumti Lacubut. Inthc Ca;iito- 
 linc Uonci they aie writicn, M.tlugtne>fts, Oy", 
 (ut. II.hnibHiiui : irdthe other mree tully out. 
 'Nauiifis Rutilus L/: 7 namtih the 'econd tiir.e, 
 Lut FcniMsFlMCusttz tbiid time. 
 
 .. 35» 
 
 I02p 
 
 M. ^A-rnjliut M»mtrcttt.lI,M, QuitttiHs Varus 
 L. Kaltrius Votuus ///. L.ImUhs IhIus. 
 Aff. Claudtui CrAffns. M. Pofthumiuf. 
 
 M.FitrituCitmtUHS, M^PojlhHmiHs.^lbinHS, 
 
 LIvf writeththat the number of Tribunes 
 miluary were by the Romans augmented, 
 and eight ot them created, which were more 
 then ever anytime before, whofc names wc 
 
 have let down.InD/oJor*; they are thus named, 
 Mahius ClaudiMi, Mar, OuimiltHS, Lm. IhIius 
 H.FuriKi^L.Falcriht^ Aod albeit there be wan- 
 ting in him iomc Tribunes.ycc Omtphrius think- 
 ethjsnd 10 doth .9/^o«/«/,tbat hi.iilelf by bisowQ 
 writing delivered not eight, but fix : which f7r^ 
 rtus Flaccus alloobitffvcd in the Capitolioe ta- 
 ble*. 
 
 352 
 
 i 
 
 C.Stivdut AhaUJlI, Q^Sul^itiuf^ 
 Q.. i-ervilih>, A. Mttniiut, ° 
 
 L. ytrgmms, M. Strgius, If. 
 
 IN Ltvj the Tribunes military in Confulsau" 
 thority arc C, Setviliut Ahtl^ the third rime 
 Qutn.Serv.liu;, and Z./V, /=^/rf/»»#j.- the reft as 
 in the tables of the Capitol, bat only the fore- 
 names. Z-/v_f njmethQ,«. StrvHmt^Fidenat'wk 
 the other lix Tribanfhips folio wig, which he 
 (hall bear. To Lncttti Firgtmus, 0»Mphrnts a d- 
 deth 7n«7?«/, tiurname ulually intnathoafc. 
 DiWorw/lqaareth not ou; of thistao^e, out as 
 SfgouiHi notethjhe dotb tau't in ttie ■ atiic.xA<ti;'- 
 J'loi ixd^Kodyim. In thc'r^gmei-r t 1 be Capi- 
 tol, i bey arc thus named, Q^Snip .,Hs ihii ton 
 of Servims, I^. CatMirinui CorxHtus^ Ah, Man- 
 liHS, lo n of Amlus^ nephew if C, Velfg Capttoii- 
 urns the lecond time, M. Sergrus ■ a ot Luciut 
 nephew of LttciH$^ luroamcd Ftdtnas^ thg jg. 
 con4 time. 
 
 35? 
 
 L. f^alerius Poiitus.ir. Cn. CoiwlsUi Cojfus 
 M. Furius CunitHw. K.Fabiat Amimjtus, 
 
 M.xA.nj.M*m:TCtr>us.Ul. Unlms Ulm 
 
 L /f 7 reckon eth all ihcfi Trihunes this yeer. 
 DioduTHs putteth down Lm. 'jtiU^t, Aiju. 
 rtuj^ ty£m;/ifis A/afnerCKS, Cnms CorneUHslCtfa 
 F*hiHS ^iv'A:( (fi;Tio(, but amilTc. In the frag- 
 ments or tbe Lapicol, they are thus named, L«- 
 cius luliui (onofLHCiMs, i -[yhcw vt rtpi/cm 
 furnaincd /•/*/. Afarcui tyEtijiiuSt ton of Ma- 
 nut, nephew ol Mar. M»ntercMs. K.Fabiuc 
 (on of MatCHs, ne^jhew of Qj*. Ambufius the 
 lecond time. Tbeic were commanded to enter 
 into govern:i.ent upon thcfirft day of 0<3fl^f^ 
 (whereas the thirteenth of Dtftfw^^r w.s the 
 
 uiualdiy beforctimcJoyreafonofanoTcnhrow 
 received the foriiier yeer at r«» by M. Sergius 
 Qamillm made an txpcdition in the Faliiciant 
 
 counttey,C<;r««/rxMotheCapcaais f4//r*«;to 
 the Vollcians for the re CJ^oryof Ar,xHr^^/£„j„ 
 
 //«/ and f ^^/»' to bcHcge f«V,
 
 1030 
 
 The Qhromlogie 
 
 354 
 
 p. LiciHiut CalvMs. P. U<tmMs. 
 r. Tttiniui. P. Mxlims. 
 
 L. Vftrim UeduUinHs. L, PMblius Vulfcus, 
 
 THele by T. Livitu arc this ycer named the 
 Tribunes military.But Diodortts rehearleth 
 only three, namely, P. Meltus.Sp. AUmtts.ini 
 L. FariHs. But 0««/i/^n'«/thioktththat be is to 
 be read, not L. FnTiui but "if Farius. The (aoje 
 author haib put to P.Lict^ixs, the furnamc of 
 C^.lvMS, whom Livjwritetb to have been the 
 firft man of the commonalty chofcn Tribune 
 military, only to take poffclsion ot the (aid right 
 andintei-eft. 
 
 M. f'cttirius. 
 
 C. DurliUS. 
 Ctt. Gftsutiur, 
 
 355 
 
 M. P«mpe>tit$s. 
 
 Volero l-nblilins, 
 
 L, Atilius, 
 
 TWcit 'D\odcrHs fhewethfor Tribuns.But 
 l.ivy (ttfeth down MurcHi VeiunMS to 
 have been the only Pitritiar, and the reft com- 
 moners, naniely, M.Pomponifn, C.DuHiits, 
 feUro PuhliliHS, C«. Gemtitts, L. J^cilms, 
 C«/p<w/^«his book, who every.ycerdeiivereth 
 the names only of two Tribunes, hath .^uguri' 
 ui and I.<7»5«/jlui names ot Cenm>m U htiltHS. 
 
 I.Falerius Potitfit.F. L.Furiui MecialltHtis. 
 jM.VaUriusMax. Q^.ServtliusF tcienus.ll , 
 
 M. Fttrins Camtllus.II. Ql.SHlfittui Camerinus. 
 
 AU tfee'e Tribuns military for this yeer crea- 
 ted were Patricii,as£«w7 writech.- neither 
 diffirreth Diodorus although he recite two 
 nsmes corruptly, to wit, y.hM/ioi vym-, id, ^d^i- 
 tfi-jr-moi. Pii*tarch in the Jile ot Carmlhus 
 maUetn irentioDj ofthefaid C<»w/tf»r, thcle- 
 condtime Tribune military; and the Capicoline 
 ttoceoFyl/^<i<''^'»«^the third tiiric. ^ . 
 
 357 
 
 L . JhUus 1>,Ihs. a. Vojlhk. RegtH?r,s. 
 
 £,. FuriH! A'lec.KUinui.lV ^.Qor.Malhgine^s. 
 L. ScrgtKS Fidt»as. A. Manlttis, 
 
 N this wife L/^^reckoneth thcm>bui Dtodo- 
 r»s L. SergitfSj A. V^Jihum.-us, P. Cornelius 
 e'i^Tov ykvfioviQ^^ii^lit*' d.y{]Ttov KAyiiKlv But 
 in thofe t woGi cck-v/citttn nsmcs,as5/gt«»«J & 
 Omfhrius, oblervetb there is a tonl c-rrcur. 
 
 558 
 P. Uctnius. P. F. Calvus, Z-. Titinius- il> 
 P. Menitts 11. P. Melius. II. 
 
 Cu. Cjenuttus, II. L. yiitltits. //• 
 
 IN this maner are thefe Tribunes military de- 
 livered us unto by 'Livj, Biit Diedorns names 
 them rous, L. TitiKim^ P. Licinna, P. Milius, 
 O.M^rnusj Cn.Gtuutii-i.iud L. y^nitus.AW 
 thcie. but L. L/OM/H/ ibe lonof Po^/iWJfssL/'Z'/ 
 J2::it) bcire tbe dignity of Tribunfbip a little be- 
 fcrc; v*b ■ writcth uioreover, that Gcnutms 
 was Hain^in a batiei againli the Fahicins. j , 
 
 359 
 
 P. CerneliHS CoP*'. P. Corne/mt Scifio, 
 L . Fabitts AmbftfluJ. ir.L.FttriiisMedHlliHMiyii 
 M, Valerius Max, ILQ. Servititn. Ill, 
 
 AFter tbe winning orp^W»,this year had for 
 Tribunes military in Confuls authority ,tbo(e 
 above-named. Dtederus cilkth P. »ndSer.Cer>- 
 nelifti both, ^o/}» : in the rert,iaving that he con- 
 cealetb their lurnaracs, he agrectb. 
 
 3 (?o 
 
 L.Fftrius MeduUinus.FI.Sf, Veflhttmius^ 
 C, .^mjliHs. P. Cornelius II, 
 
 L.Valerius Poflicola. M.FHriMsCamiUitt,, 
 
 LIvy nametb thefe in this ycer- Diodorus, 
 M. Furitis iA.mylius^ kaThov ^fi^oy, but 
 CamiSiMs now is the third time. Stvo»ifis»ad 
 Onuphriui think, that by P, Car»elius we mull 
 underftand ScipioAod not C ojfus. Tfeii yeer Ca- 
 miSus Tribune military, fay bisjuft dealing re- 
 duced theFaliftisnsto the obeilance of the peo-, 
 pic of Ror^e ; in that he fent back unto thetD* 
 thaticboolmafter who betr; led tneir children: 
 as Livj and PiKtareh write. Valerius (notwitb* 
 out feme fufpition of error^ wriretb in his fixe 
 book,that C'-Kii&its did (his being Conful;wher- 
 as VlHtarch faitb, he was never ConfUl. 
 
 i6i 
 
 l^ Lucretius F/avus. Serv.Sulpitius Qtmerinutl 
 X Fttr fifteen yeers (faith Li«7)Coff. were 
 ^ crested again L. Lucretius Falvus, & Serv, 
 Su/pitius Camerinus, Diodorus and Cajsidorttf 
 pafle over tbe lurnames. The Sicilian regtfletS 
 do fhew, F/avtts^ and Camerinus, 
 
 £,. V<*lenus Potitui. M. Manlius Copitolinus, 
 
 LVciUi VJertus Votitus emd M.Mu-iit/i (ur- 
 namcti ifterW'rcsC(8p/ffl/'»*/, arc by Livy 
 reported Coniuls rhis yeer, Bionjfius in his firft 
 book makttb mention ottbereConlols naming 
 them \..Valeriu: Pa«r«j,and T. Manlius Capi- 
 tolnus. Cafjiodorus dclivcreth them by the 
 names of I . FMenus and Af Manltus. i)ioi»m 
 rusy ot L. Valerius and A. Manltui : but the Si- 
 cilian regiltcis, oiPotitusiiidCapitoliHHjt 
 
 Z,. Lucretiut, L. Furius MeduUiHfts rV/j 
 Serv. Sttlpititts. ylgrippa Furius. 
 M. ey£rf')lius. C. Mmjlius II, 
 
 BY cccsfionthat fheCofT. lay fick, though 
 good it was, totenewthegovernment by 
 means oF an inrerregercy •• therefore after 
 they had dcipoUd the Coil, by an aft of tbe Se- 
 nat^fixTnb. n ilitarv werecreafed with Con- 
 fular aathority, by the Intcrregent: who upon 
 thefirRday of Jw/y began their magiltracy, as 
 Ltvj ii'nb. Diodorus mentioneth but four,naine> 
 ly, L. Lucretius, Serv. ^ulpittus, C, t/£m)liMtt. 
 and Lu. Furius. As for Sulpittus.Zonaras calleth' . 
 him Rufus; which lutnatne Onupbrius aUo hatb 
 put unto him. 
 
 3(J4
 
 to T.LivJu^. 
 
 1031 
 
 364 
 
 Q^FabtHS Ambujlus. ^.Sulpitiui Lengus, 
 ine ij brethren of^, ^. Servilius II 1 1. 
 FahiMS Amhttjlfis. Servil.Cor.Malitginenf.s 
 
 I'Hefe are by T'.L'Vw/ recorded for Tribunes 
 military in Confuls authority: but D,o- 
 dorus reckoneih the three Fabu, Q^K>ii. C.and 
 the other three, befides PlutA^ch in Qamillnf^ 
 GelliHSomoiyerriHsF/accuSyiahis 5 book and 
 17 chapter ; Macrobms alio in his firli book of 
 Saturnals, make report otj^«/»f//j Sulfitius-,3. 
 Tribune military. 
 
 L.vaUriHS Pop/tcota 1 1, yl.MAuHtts', 
 L.Virginiuj, L,t/£myiins, 
 
 V,QormliHs, L, Pofiumius, 
 
 A^Ccordin^ to Livy^ tbcfe were created Tri- 
 bunes military after the winning of the Ci- 
 
 3«Jp 
 j4.M,inl,MS. P.Cornelius. 
 
 "L.Ouiatitis Cnpitolimis. L . Piiprius Q-irfjr 1 1. 
 1 .Qjiintius Ci'pitoliTius. C.SeriTius 1 1 
 
 "'pHefehath Ihy. but D;^^jr.«/ fjich, thac 
 1 four only were created namely, L.Papiri- 
 ;//,Q..T.andL.all OMm/7. Butofthole fix, a\ 
 Af.iitlias havint; been Tribune military in the 
 year 365, and whollullbe a third limeinihc 
 year 3 71, mull now verily be the lecond time. 
 
 37° 
 S.Cor.MaltigiKCn.IF.PVAlcrnis Palittfs II, 
 M. FfiiiiisCamrl/i'.s V.Ser.Sulp tins Rufus 1 1. 
 C.?apinHiCrajfHs. T,Q^u,ic. Qincmnatas 11, 
 
 THefe Tribunes military in Co(T.au:ho:i:y, 
 in this manner be delivered unto us by L-- 
 %•)'. but Diodor/is ( ashis manner is ) puittth 
 
 ty : but by Dwdorus, they were Pub. Cornelius, down four; Serv.Sn/pitiits,L, P.<prrins^M.ir,Cor- 
 L.Virginiusy.ileriHs, A.ManlitiStM^d L.Pofln- ne/if4s,ir)d T.QjtiKtihs. In this yCir^M.AIanlifii 
 miHi. Of thefe Tribunes,^4c-ro^/«/ fpeaketh in attainted and condemned for aipirin" to be K^ 
 
 his firft book oi SaturnaLa. 
 
 T.Quintius Cincinnatus, 
 Q^Servtlius Fidenas V, 
 
 L.JltllHs'jultiS. 
 
 366. 
 
 was thrown down 
 
 Tarpeia : l.iv.Pintarch.iDd Vder. 
 
 headlong from the rock 
 
 L. A^tiilius Corvits, 
 L, LHcrct.Tricipitinns 
 Ser.SulpitiMS Rtifus. 
 
 THefe Tribunes military in Confuls autho- 
 rity for this year, Ltvy thus dedareth unto 
 us. D.oi»r«j hath thefe Tribunes)T/f«j Qjdnti- 
 MSy L.ServiIiHSy L.Ju/ius A^niiins, L, Lucretius 
 iyyQ-yServtHS Sulpitius. 
 
 L.Papirius. C.Serfius., 
 \ L,t/£r»ylius II.C.CorneiiHi. 
 
 L,Menenius. L,Valerins Poplicola 1 1 f. 
 
 THefe. Li^/^reportcth for Tribunes military 
 in Confuls authority this year. But Dwdo- 
 rus hath L.PapiriusyC.CorneliHSth.MeMemus^C, 
 ServiliHs-, A.VaUriHs., and Q^Fabius. Howbeit, 
 there is wanting in \.ivy the name of the fixt 
 Tribune,whom (out oiDiod^rus ) Sigo»ius3t)d 
 Onuphrius have fct to the re(i,bythename of 
 CCornelins. THodorHS alfo for ^ergi»s hath Scy- 
 vili'fs^ and (ySmylius for Fabius, 
 
 368 
 Jn.FuriusCamiHus. 'L.HorAtins Pulvillus 
 S.Corn, MalHgtfienfiS. Li Quint .Cincinntit us, 
 Q^Servil. FidenOi VI, P .Valerius. 
 
 THe Commonweal came to be governed 
 again by Camillus, a Tribune military in 
 Coff. authority, and for Collegues were added 
 unto him thefe 5 here ramed.ButDfOfior.'^ faith 
 there were 4 crszied, M.Corneliut^Q^^ServHius-, 
 M. Furius, and L.Quintius.ln this year. when 
 theDiiiatorfhip was offered unto C<j»»;7/«/,he 
 laid there was no need thereof: and he, toge- 
 ther with the Triubunes his Collegues,vanqui- 
 flied the Volfcians, Antiots, Sc Tufcans rrhi^h 
 rebelled. 
 
 •37' 
 
 L .Valerius I V, L.Lucret ius, 
 
 A.Manlius I II. L.tykwylrns, 
 Sir.Sulpitms III, M. Tribonius, 
 
 LIvy rangeth thef^ in this year. Diodorui na- 
 mcth four ; L.J^^/f>-;«/, iZri(pm-, ^which is 
 the name of Tribamus) A^-Malius^ and Serv , 
 Stilp'-tiits.Cnlpusjiumt call FLiv^s, 
 
 ■ 372 
 Sp.Tapirius. Q^.ScrviliuS, 
 
 'L.Papiriiis. C.Su'pniiii. 
 
 Ser Cornelius IV, 'L.ty£mylius IV, 
 
 ^<Jcording toL/t^y, thefe were created Tri- 
 bunes military in Confuls authority. The 
 Inmame of C«»>-«f//W (as we faw before ) was 
 Altilugmenfis. Dwdorus wiiicib four ; Q^.Servi- 
 liMS,Sp,P.ipirius,Cor>iilius,(f<i0il^a\!SQ',bat not 
 truly. 
 
 37? 
 Af, Furius C-tmillus V I. L.Furius. 
 
 A.Poflhumius Regillrtps, V. .\.ucretit!f. 
 
 "L.Pojlhumius Regtlloifti. M.F.ibiuj Ambttfius, 
 
 L Ivy r\imz\b thefe as v^e have placed them: 
 but D.'odorus in this wife ; M. and L, both 
 Furiiy A.PofthHniius.'LXncrctiu>\ M.Fa'ius, 
 and L.Poflhurrtins, Plutarch alfo namcth C-nn i- 
 Ius Tribune military this year; wherein he. 
 vanquiOiedthe Prenefiins, theVoUlians, and 
 the Tufculans alfo,againfl whom war vyas pro-j 
 claimed, becaufe they had ierved in the field 
 underthe PrenelUns. 
 
 374 
 L.Valerius V. L.Mencius 1 1, 
 h.Valcrius III. y.V.tpiius. 
 C.Scrgius 1 1 1. Ser.Cor-if/l-iAh't^inenftS, ■ 
 
 THefe fix are fet down by L/^'v: but Diodirftt^ 
 reckoneih eight, namelv, L.andP,hoil) 
 Tttc ' VJ.rU^
 
 I03 
 
 "The Chronologie 
 
 t^iilerit^C. TerentiuSyL. Meyienius.,C,SHlfitiHS{r, 
 Papirins^L,JErfijl/usjAi.Fab>tts, 
 
 P. .ManltHS, 
 CMmUhs. 
 L. Julius, 
 
 57? 
 
 C.Sextiltuf, 
 
 M. Alb'tyiMS. 
 L.Anliflius. 
 
 AFter this, was thegencrallaflemblyhol- 
 den for the election of rr.ilitary Tribunes 
 inConhils authority, wherein were as many 
 treated oUhe Commoners as of the P.nntn ; 
 namely, P- and C. both Madu^ with lJuIihs^ 
 Patricians: and out oftheCommoiiS;C. •Jw'^'- 
 ln!SjAf./ilbims..zndL.Ay!t;flit'.s. But Diodorus 
 exhibiteth eight, and to thefe above rehearfcd, 
 he addeth C.Herenuc':tiSi acd 'P-Trebanius, Sex' 
 uli::s alio he calleth Sextins. 
 
 376 
 Sp.furius. P.Clcelias. 
 
 QJServliHsl 1, M.Horatius, 
 {.'.Licifiius. L.Gegiinius, 
 
 LIvy rcporteth thefe for Tribunes military 
 in Confiils authority this year: but in Livy, 
 i'orL.'.-.AIoiciuns the thirf! time^yoii mnfl. read 
 C.Lici!!!ns-,3S 5/>(?«/«ih.uh fliewed in his Scbo' 
 !ia nponirt'v : vVhich Omifhrias zMo in hisXa- 
 lendcr approveth\ ButDWorwxfpeaketh oino 
 more thsn tour > ^ScrviliUs-^CX'ciKmsX'Fu- 
 
 TIHS^T.O.all!4S. 
 
 \.,I£.nj)Hns 
 P.raleriiiS IK 
 Cyeiiirius, 
 
 V7 
 
 Scr.SulpttiH.f, 
 
 "L.QuimtHS CtKcififj^tfis. 
 
 ="J"*^Here Tribunes military , the Confuls(being 
 * fonedby them^htar.dllrorg bandofihe 
 rreatmen of rhcCity ) (.hofe all Patritians, as 
 Lt/c witneTeth. The fame alfo are nam^d by 
 0/fl</.;?»i excepting onlyC.^ /Vr ■«/ who is cal- 
 led by him CCornclttti,hi for Serv.Sulpitins he 
 was furnamed PratextatttJ. Zonanu namcill 
 bim Riff:is. 
 
 37S. 579. ?8o. :;8i. ;Bi. 
 CXicintiis Stolo. 5 Tribunes of the Com- 
 "L.Sixtris. ? mons five years. 
 
 1 N this year hapned the fourth change of the 
 J. Roman government : for the adminitirati- 
 onol'thewca! piiblike, tell from Tribunes mili- 
 tary in conlnls authcricy, to the Tribunes of 
 rhe commonj.The authors that procured this 
 mutation,wcre (as hiy reporteth) c X'cinim 
 Sfo/aand L.Sf.vf/w.Tribunes of the commons, 
 who in the former year having promulged 
 three laws in favour of the commons and a- 
 gain(i the power of the Pdtritii^ihc hrll forre- 
 dreliing of debts ; a fecondfor a (lint of lands 
 and poiVelVicns ; & the third, that there fhould 
 be no more eleflions of Tribunes military and 
 that one of ihe <|pnluls fbouldneccflarily be 
 chofena commoner: feeing theycouldnotgo 
 through wiih ihele laws, by reafon of their 
 
 own fellows oppofitions (whom of purpofe 
 the Nobles had made for themfelves) fell into 
 an anger, and would luffer no ctitule Magiflrats 
 of State to be created, nor any eledtiontobe 
 holdtn, but only of jEdilesandTribunes,both 
 of commons. Thisdefolateefiate and want of 
 Magiltrates ( whiles the eommonsmade the 
 fame Tribunes flill, who with unccflant and in- 
 vincible perfiflance never gave o\erto(rofs 
 the election of Tribunes military) continued in 
 the city for the fpace of five years, ns'Livj 
 faith. Ibis want ot Magifirates DiodorusczX- 
 leth rtcafx'") ^^^ calfeth it upon the former 
 year. But Sext.Rnfus-,EutropiHs^caJfiodortis^and 
 ZonarM write that they ruled the (iate not five 
 years. but four only, 'bigomus and Oyiaphrius in 
 hisKalender,toilowLw7,&his Annals it feem- 
 eth that the capitoline writers goby. P/;«;' al- 
 fointhelixteenthbook, and four and fortieth 
 chapter, maketh mention of the yearthreehun- 
 dred feventy nine frbm the foundation of the 
 city ;in which year he faith that at Rome 
 
 38? 
 "L.Furiuf, Ser, Cornelius, 
 
 yl.Mayilitis. V.Valerifss. 
 Ser.Salpititis. C, Valerius. 
 
 WHen c Xicinius and L. Sexthts the Tri- 
 bunes gave over their oppofition and 
 the liberty of their negative voice, whereby the 
 Interrcgent called and held an afiembly for the 
 eledion of Magifirates, the abovenamed Tri- 
 bunes military, were (zsLivj faith) created for 
 this year. Dwdorus nameth them thus, L. Vapi- 
 rius l-.Me»e/iius,Ser.Cor>ielius.snd Ser .S/i/ptti- 
 «i,who writeth alfo, that after them there was 
 another Anarchy, and when that was overpaft 
 and gone,then were created A.Ma»litts,'L.Fu- 
 riuSiSerT.^n/pit'in'iZndScrv. Cornelius, But in 
 hisftory, as well through his own default, as 
 the negligence of the writers that copied out 
 fame, there is a ccnfufion of yearly Magi- 
 firates. 
 
 Q^3erviliuS, 
 C J-^etnrins. 1 1. 
 A, 'Cornel::. S. 
 
 M .Cormlitts. 
 
 QJJuinthus, 
 
 M.Fabins. 
 
 T His year alfo, as L/'z-j-writeth^had thefe for 
 Tribunes military in Confuls authority. 
 But Dtodortis hath Q^ Serv:lius. ^Veturius^A, 
 Cornelius^ M. Corr.elins., and M .^e^hiui ■ asfoi 
 Q[iiKtius^Sigo»i as cz]leth him ratherO»c'>«4- 
 ttis than CiifitoliiJtis.Tht re(^ have their warrant 
 out of the Capitoline fragments, wherein it is 
 thus found Cojfus '.'.', Malugtmnfis *.*..* 
 Cinninnatus ' .' .' M.T^iu^ yirnhtiptAS. This 
 is that M.Tabius Jnibtifttis,vho had beftowed 
 his two daughters in m.^rriage. theonetoC. 
 LiciniHS Sto 0, the other to Serv. Sitlpitius PrS' 
 texxatnS;Z% Livy writeth. 
 
 38;
 
 to T. Livius. 
 
 1033 
 
 L.Quimius 
 
 Serv.SnlpitiHS, 
 
 L.Papiritu. 
 
 38) 
 
 Ser.Corneli$iSi 
 
 Sp.ServiltHs, 
 L. yeturiM, 
 
 LIvy dedareth ihefc C\)i. for Tribunes milita- 
 ry this year.0»c<i^*;rehearleth but three, 
 
 nimdy,T,Qjin[iHhServiJiMS Corneliiij,ind Ser- 
 viiu SulpinM.Whii furnames all ihefc carried, 
 and with what nucnerall notes (fignifying how 
 often they had born the office ) they are to be 
 marked, the Capitoline fragments do fliew ; 
 wherein they ftand thus, Cipitohmi! .' .' Ma- 
 luginenfis.l I. PrxtextatmJ 1 1 1. Sf.Servitms 
 StrnElni, L.Paptrius Cr.ijfus^ LyeturiusCraffHS 
 Cicurinm. 
 
 586 
 
 Trvo Di^atsrs without any cttrule Ma^ifirats 
 
 vf State' ke fides. 
 
 PRefently in the very beginning of the year, 
 they proceeded to put it loihetriallof a 
 finall iflue,wh3t fliould become of the forefaid 
 laws propoled by Licinius and Sextius. When 
 the tribes were called to give their voices, and 
 the publifliers o{ the laws were not hindred by 
 the negatives of their Colleagues coming be- 
 tween; the Nobles began then to quake tor 
 fear, and in all ha(k betook them to their two 
 laft helps and means otrefugCjtbe foveraign and 
 abfolucegovernmencand the principal Citizen 
 and greatcH man ofall others. Refolve they did 
 ro nominate a Did^ator, and Murcm Fnritis 
 Ciiitillus was the man ; who took unto him for 
 General of the horl'emen L.JEmy/iits.Bat when 
 the Captains and ring-leaders of the Commons 
 dealt very bitterly and roughly againR CamiHus, 
 he (as L/^'f'Writeth) refigneduphisDiilacor- 
 fhip.P/^Mrc/j alfo teftifieth the fame: who like- 
 wile avoucheth the caufe thereof, which Livy 
 gocth about to diiprove. But both Livjr znd 
 Plutarch do affirm, that in the room of C***'//- 
 /'/; thus giving over his place, there was a fe- 
 cond Dictator created. Lizy faith, it was T. 
 Aianlttis. PlM.trch fuppreffeth his name : but 
 they agree both, that C.Licimus was the Gene- 
 rail ot the horfe.Ho wbeit;they mean not both, 
 one and the felf-lame man. For Livy faith and 
 that truly,that it was he who had bcenTribune 
 military in Confuls authority before : But /"/«- 
 r4rc^ nameth him, who was the author of the 
 fedition and of the new laws : wherein he faul- 
 teth. For the Captain of the forefaid fedition, 
 was this year alfo made Tribune of the Com. 
 the ninth time : but Tribune of the Com, and 
 Generallofthehotfeatone time he could not 
 be. And therefore 0«.'.-p/jr/«i thinketh him to 
 hvizhtenthtioao^P.LtciniusCalvus military 
 Tribune, and who had to his grandfather that 
 P«^.L»f;>'y«j,who oftheCom.was the firlt Tri- 
 bune military. Of this, feemoreinhisKalen- 
 der. 
 
 A.Cornelius 1 1, 
 L.VetHriMs, 
 JfUfiS V.Manlius, 
 
 387 
 
 M.CorneliHS. 
 M.GeganiHs. 
 PjraltriHsVI, 
 
 LIvy exhibi teth thefe Trib. military before 
 named for this year, whom Dwdorusostr- 
 pafleth. Their furnames, together with che 
 notes fignifying how often they had born this 
 honourable dignity, are thus cxprefled in the 
 Capitoline fragments. Coffus II.-.'. Malugi- 
 noifisll. • . ' . ■ Macerinus. LJTeturtus.Crajfus 
 CtcHrintis II.' .' .' P.VJerim Pet it us Poplico- 
 lUtVI. 'P.Manlius Capitolimis II. 
 
 388 
 L.SexttHs. L,o£myUus. 
 
 WHen L.Sextil^s^v^d C.Lici>jiHS, Tab. o{ 
 the Com. now chofen the tenth time, 
 were more and more eager and inllantinthe 
 publifliing of their laws, in the end the autho- 
 rity both of Diftator and Senat.was conquered 
 by the (irong hand of the Tribunes. For they 
 prevailed.notwithftanding all the Nobility was 
 againR it,th3t there fhould be holdena folemn 
 aflembly for election of Confuls : and that, (by 
 vertue of their laws which they carried clear 
 before them)the one of the Confuls fhould be 
 a Commoner. By which meam^L.Sextius was 
 the firft Conful created from out of^the Com- 
 mons. But when the nobles denied flatly to ap- 
 prove the fame by their aflent, infomuchastlie 
 Commons were at the point of infurrectiori 
 and ready to leave the City : the difiord & dif- 
 fention was at length taken up and appeafed by 
 the mediationof theDirtator: andas the no- 
 bility was content to yield unto thecommo- 
 naky a Conful, fo the Commons granted unto 
 the nobles one Prjctor or Lord chief Juliice 
 within the City, and him to be created from 
 cut of the Nobility. Granted alfo unto them 
 now firB it was. that two ;Ediles Curule fhould 
 be chofen out oiihe P^tr it ii. TheCommons 
 conferred the Confulfhip upon L.Sextini{by 
 whofe law it was firfl obtained)and for compa- 
 nion in government he had L. JEmyliut Ala- 
 merctis. Thus much Livy znd Ptin,irch: vhoal- 
 together with Cajfiodorns put down For Coff.L, 
 Amylius a Patritian.and L.Sextiiis a Commo- 
 ner. The fame, Dwdortts nameth L«. JEmylitts 
 jM.tmercus^ind Ln.Latentnust Now this L.itc- 
 r.i»«;isthefurnameof 5f.vf/«Aas appeareth in 
 atableof record in theCapitoll, wherein the 
 confuls are thus to be ^e.tatM.m!crcinus Sc L. 
 Sextii4s ScxtiK'.ts Litter. inns : as alio in the Sici- 
 lian regiflers ihey are called Mamerci>ius and 
 LatcraiHs. In the book emitiiled Di vnit ///«- 
 y?r//'//i of famous men, we find written that it 
 was not L.SexttHs, but C. Licinius Stolo. who 
 was the firft conful chofen out of the commo- 
 nalty. 
 
 38p 
 L.GomtiHS. O. Servilhis, 
 
 DlodortisJ.ivy.^ and Cafiodor/t! (hew unto us 
 for confuls, L.G<fw»f/>«xandj^.Sfrz'/7/K;.* 
 Of whom Ornfins alio and Eutropius make men- 
 tion. According to the records of the capiioll, 
 the cof.inhisfirfl conful(liip,isthus written.' 
 Q^SerctliHsioB of ^.nephew o'iQ^ir.iiisAhaLi; 
 
 Tttt 2 togethcJ *
 
 I034 
 
 'The Chronokgie 
 
 together with L.Gemttifts, but in the fecond, 
 theionofil/.nephewofC^.furnamecl Amettti- 
 nenfis. In the Sicilian regilkrs they be written 
 Gemtius andC«rr««^jbut corruptly ,83 Si£omtts 
 cbinketb. 
 
 590 
 C.Sfdfitius Peticus. C.UcmHS Stolo, 
 
 • 
 
 THefe be the Conluls reported by Livy and 
 Cajfiodartts. Diodorns comiezkth their iuf- 
 names. F'aler ins Max. in his fecond book and 
 firll cha.maketh mention of themand fo doth 
 Plutarch in his problems. But he whom all o- 
 ther writers name Stolo^ihe Capitoline records 
 nominac C^^ivus •■ as alio the Sicilian .which de- 
 liver their furnames Pteticus and Cahus. 
 
 3Pt 
 L.i^wyl'HS MamercHs il, C». Qenutius. 
 
 LlTiy ar)d Cajfiodorus didite thefe for Con- 
 luls; whom Diodorns in his fixteecth book 
 nameth Cn. Gefimi. s -nd L. tyBmyl-us. Inthe 
 Cipitol tables in this manner they be fee 
 doNvn . * . * . Mamerc nm //. and Cn, Genutim 
 fonof ^/.snd nephew of M,yim.»ti>ienfts Bat 
 in the Sicilian icgi(\ej:s,M(:merci»us and cvKf^, 
 
 392 
 Q^.ServiliHs Ahclall, L.GertHtitiS II, 
 
 DTodorm nameth the Confuls of this year, 
 Q^.Servdms znd Q^.G emit his. The Sicilian 
 reg'l.*ers,^/.'<j/^ and Genmtus. Livy and Cajfio- 
 dcru! ,Q^S i'rviitus Hala and L,G<.nmiut, Thefe 
 are chey who three years before were matched 
 together in the fame government. 
 
 was the firft man of thePo;>//«)furDamed L<«»<«; 
 The reafonof which name Ckero rcndreth in 
 his book^j-wfw/jfaying, M.Pepilimht\n° Con- 
 fuljand at the fame time offering facrifice in his 
 robe called L<e»-s, for that he was Flamin to 
 Garment a^ Upon news brought unto him thac 
 the commons were up and rifen in a commo- 
 tion againrt theNobles,came in thac attire and 
 habit as he was into the aflembly ; and what 
 with his authority of countenance, and what 
 with his eloquence offpeech, appeafedthe fe- 
 dition. 
 
 C.Fdms. C. PlautiHs, 
 
 LIty and Cajfiodoms have thefe above-na- 
 med forthe Confuls this year: but inD/e- 
 dc-rm they are named M. Fabtus and C.Plotipis, 
 In the Capitoline records . * . * . Ambi^fius and 
 C.PlaHtim Proctilus. 
 
 CSfelpifiuf, 
 
 393 
 
 C.Licimus Calvus, 
 
 THefe are by Livy recorded Confuls this 
 year. Cffiodorns writeth them thus, C:S«/- 
 fitttis //.and C.Lictmus. Dwdorits in this wife, 
 C. SnlfitiHs and C, Licintus. S/^omus luppoleth 
 they be the fame, who three years betore were 
 Collegues. The :>icilian regiHersgive unto Li- 
 cin'.fis the furname,not oi Cahus as before, but 
 oiStolo: and Sulpitius ihey furname P<«;;<r»j, 
 
 C.PcEtiliusLibo. 
 
 394 
 
 ^. Fdvifis Ambujltts. 
 
 397 
 C. Martins. Cn. 
 
 Manli 
 
 tns. 
 
 DIodorus.) Livyt and CaJJiodorus mmt iht 
 Confuls of this year, C. Martins andCw, 
 Ma>ilius.lh\s Cw.ManliHs Was Conful the firft 
 time, two years before. Cttfpimans book and 
 the Greek records have Ratilms and Cafitolinns, 
 
 398 
 M. FabiHS Amhuflus II. M. Pofiliu^ lu*nas II, 
 
 THis years Confuls are with thefe names 
 entituled by "Livy and cajfiodorus. Diodorns 
 leaveth out their furn;!mes and thenumerall 
 notes. Cujpi^ians book and the Greek re- 
 cords, fet them thus down, AmbnJinsII. and 
 
 399 
 
 OSx/pitins Peticns 1 11. M.Valerius Foflicola, 
 
 IN the four hundred year from the foundati- 
 on of the City, and the thirty five after thac 
 it was by the Gauls won, the commons after 
 eleven years did forgo their hold of the Con- 
 fulfhip,and upon an Irterregency,both Coff.of 
 the /^fr;f« entred into government to wic,C. 
 Sf-Jp:tins Pattens III. M. Valerius Pnblicola, as 
 l^ivy faith. 1 he fame Confuls Diodoms^Cajfiodo- 
 rns.ZDd the Sicilian regiflers do report. But why 
 the account of time made by Livy^ difagreeth 
 from this reckoning, Sigonins and Omtfhrins io 
 his K alender do give a reafon. 
 
 Livy-, and Ct-Jfiodorus write the Confuls for 
 this year were, CPatclmsBalhus : and M. 
 Tabitts Ambnflm. Bm Diodorns,Af .Fabtns znd 4CO 
 
 C. rroT\;©-,corruptly for cro/TeA<©-. The Capi- M.Fab. Ambtftns IIl.T.Qtiint.or M.Pofilitts^ 
 toline writers give them furnames divers from 
 Livy ■■ for they C3\\L,bo,Fifulfis ; but he.BJbus. 
 And the Sicilian regiflers go with thofe of the 
 Capitoll. 
 
 39^ 
 M.Topilins L*/ias. Qn, Maxims, 
 
 "XJ/uy zpdCr.lftodorns name this year Cerfuls 
 
 in this fori :butD;W(!r«jcalleththcm,iW./'o- 
 
 filius 1Ar:^^tus^^tid Cn.Manlins Impcr/ofus.This 
 
 IN this year alfo, according to Livy, both 
 Coff.were Pi'tritH.vimdy, M.Fabins Am- 
 bnflns the third timejwith T.Qtuntins'.altbough 
 he writeth, that in fone Annals inflead of T«- 
 tns ^intinsjhc found Marcus Pcpiltns ConfuJ. 
 With "Livy accordeth Diodorns^md Cajftodorusy 
 Solinns alfo.who in his forty one chapter cut of 
 Cornelius Nepos ni'tttih, that Alexander was 
 born when M, Fabins Ambufins-iod T.Qttin*
 
 to l.Livius. 
 
 1035 
 
 tim C^itoltMM were Cwfuls. Culpimaus book 
 feccech forth AmbullHs and Capitolinus, Buc 
 cbefe Confuls and chofechac follow are in the 
 Sicilian regiiilers concealed. 
 
 401 
 
 40^ 
 JI^.VaUr>MS CorvHS.A'f.Vofilitts L&nasJm^ 
 
 MArcui Manlitis torcfuatm being Diditor, 
 declared for Conful with the exceeding 
 favour of the people, M. l^alertus corvhs(io£ 
 C.SulfitiHs Peticus.UlI. M.VAkr. ToflicoU III. that was his fnrname aftervvards)in his abfence, 
 
 and beins but three and tweenty years old. 
 
 B 
 
 Oth Confuls created this year were Patri- 
 tiif and namely, thofe who arc here fee 
 downjafterL/f y and C^Jfiodor us. Dwdorns omii- 
 tcth both their furnames, and alfo the numeral 
 notcs,and fctteth after the former Confuls, M, 
 ValtriMs and C.Sulpittus. 
 
 402 
 Jt.ValertHS TopliceU, C.^Martius Rutilus, 
 
 TO L.^alertH! Poflicola was given in fel- 
 lowfhip of government this year,C.^//ir- 
 t/«/^!<(;/«^ofthecommonSjasL;'y>'raith,Thefe 
 C a//lodor MS CiWcth P. ViiUritis cadC.Martius 
 Rtittlus the lecond lime.D/Wocwj nameth them 
 M.F^hius and P. Valerius, The Sicilian regifters 
 intermingle them confufedly with thofe of the 
 next year, matching ^«f//«; and Pcunusto^z- 
 Jher, 
 
 40? 
 C.Sulpit. Peticus. ' .T.or K.or C. Qj<i»t.Pefims. 
 
 THeCoff. for this year created were C. ShI- 
 fitius Peticus^ilid T,Qjiiat.Pe»nus. Some 
 put to Qitintius the name ( 4:/o,others Cains. L/- 
 vy ,and C<»/7?c^c?-«/ name them xhvis^C.Sulpitius 
 Peticus and T. QumtiHs Penmts' but Diodorus 
 C.Sulfitipis and C.Qtiinttus. 
 
 404 
 Jn, Popilius Lanas, L.Cornelius Scipia, 
 
 LIvy writeth, that for Confuls this year the 
 commons yielded Al. Popilius Liz»as, and 
 the nobles L.Cornclius Scipie.Cttlfiodorns fetreth 
 ihem forth under the name of M. Popilius 
 I.&>:M the third time, and L, Con-.elius Sapio, 
 Dicdarus nameth them) C'Comelius and Ai.Po- 
 p-lius: and the Sicilian regilkrs barely 5«;)/0 
 and LartM, 
 
 L,FMritts Camillus, P .CLtudtus Crajfus, 
 
 JUciusFurius C'^millus the Didiator reftored 
 the nobles again to their former poffefTion 
 of theConlulfhip.- and being himfelf for that 
 good demerit created Conful, with the great 
 love and hearty affection of the nobles, nomi- 
 nated for hisCollegue, Publius Claudius Craj- 
 fus. Thus faith \.tvy. The fame Confuls are fet 
 down by cajfiodorus. But Diodorus^ nameth 
 them t/£myti:'s ir>dT,Qui»tius. The Sicilian 
 regiflers, CamillusindCrajfus, Cicero'm Cato 
 maketh mention of ihefe Confuls, faying, that 
 PUto came to TarentHm^ when L.camill'u and 
 P. Claudius vitK Confuls: GeUiuslikzm^Cy^ 
 book II chapter,' ' 
 
 This coi^ra; had joyned with him in tbeCon- 
 fuldiip from out of the commons. A-f. Popilius 
 L<£>iM the third time, as faich Livy and Cafiodc- 
 rus. But Diodorus three years after nominateth 
 ■M.Vdsriusind M.Vopilins. In the fragment of 
 the Capitoll thus only it is found, M. FaUnusy 
 M.F.M.N.Corzus Conful, In the Sicilian re • 
 gitters Corvsnusiiad L&nat, 
 
 407 
 T.Manlius Torquatus, 
 
 C.Pltiatius, 
 
 LIt)j and CaJfiodorus nameth them for Con- 
 fuls this year. Cujpi»ia»s ¥ z\eadev and the 
 Sicilian recoids, Tor ^ujtus and Venr.o.ln a frag- 
 ment of the Capitoll there is to be read the 
 furname o^ MauHsss, Impcriofus TorquAtus, 
 
 408 
 Ai. Valerius c orvus II, 
 
 C ^attlius. 
 
 THefe are named Confuls by Livy,ind Caf- 
 ftodorus- but CufpiniMs Kalender and the 
 regiflers of 5/«/y fhew for Confuls.. corvmus 
 and Libo. As for the name c .Vatclius^ it is de- 
 f(.ribed by his Diffatorfliip, which (according 
 to the Capitolleviden.es J hebareintheyear 
 440 : for in a fragment ( teftifying his Conful- 
 fiiip ) there appeareth no more buc one of his 
 furnames ;f^//»/«/. 
 
 409. 
 M.FahiMsV>or[o. Ser.Sulpitius cant'ritius, 
 
 THefe were the Confuls created for this 
 ycar,as Livj and C-ffiodorus write. Diodo" 
 rus alfo ^although not in the right place) allea- 
 geth M.Fahius and Ser.Sulpitius Confuls. The 
 Sicilian regiders, Dorfoznd cameri>ius. Both 
 thefe Confuls were I'atritii, which Livy omit- 
 ted, 
 
 410 
 cMart. Rutilus III. T.ManliusTorquatHS 11^ 
 
 Livy and Cajjlodorus avow thefe for Coffl 
 this year. D;W!)>-«jlikevvlfedclivereth unto 
 us, C .Afartius and T. JM.\nlius Torquatus. The 
 Sicilian regiUer3,/J«f(7/« and Torquatus. FroKti- 
 ««/alfoin his fecond book of Stratagems fpea- 
 kcth of them. 
 
 411 
 
 M. Valerius corvus III, A. Cornelius Cojfus^ 
 T Ivy and Cufflodorc both together rcporr, 
 thacthei'e were chofenCoff, for this year. 
 Diedorus,Ciccro in his book of Divination, and 
 f>-(7«r;««/, name them, M.Vitlrius and J.Cor- 
 Meltus.'Xht Sicilian reginers,r<f/fr/«i and Coff'us: 
 both of them are PatritH. But he that haih 
 written of famous men, callet)i them, Valerius 
 M<JA-.and Corntl.us Coffus, 
 
 Tttt ? ^5-
 
 io3^ 
 
 The Chromiogie 
 
 41 z_ 
 
 CMmius Rmilus IK Q^.Servdms, 
 
 LIvy and Cajfiodoms declare Coff. for this 
 vtil.C.^'f'HrtmsZViA Q^.ServMtts. Disdoms, 
 QServdius and Mmtus Rattlus. TheSicilUn 
 reoiikrs,/4W.; and RmUHS.TWi?. is that Q^Ser- 
 vUius jMa who was Matter of the horfe in 
 the 40 3 year. 
 
 C. Pl.mtiMS II. L.u£n}jliiis Mamerantts, 
 
 THe Confds that folio wed, were C.Plami- 
 «jtlie fecond time, and L. ty£myliHs Ma- 
 mrcfiVS wirnefs Ltvy and Cajfiodorns : but L. 
 Bm\l'Uf^ C.Plniitsus teftifieth Dwdorus: and 
 as the Sicilian regifiers fay,F>^«<?and Mrwer- 
 cnnis. Cafptmans Kaknder fet forth for this 
 yearj^H»(? the fecond time,and JHamercmus. 
 
 414 
 ■ r.MAnliUsTorqMUts III, P.OecinsM^!. 
 
 1'*Itus Mar.litis Tonjuatus the third time, 
 and P. Deems Mus, bare the Conlulflup 
 this year,as L^vyind C^Jfiodor/axe^on. Dwdo' 
 r;//nameth them, T.Man/iusToriju.^tusind P. 
 TysciHs. The Sicilian regifters, Torquatns and 
 AIhs. Zoyjoras, 7er^.'<<if«^ the third time, and 
 Xyecius. Of the iameConfuls Fliny Ipeakeih in 
 his 2: hook and 5 chap. Valerius alio in his i 
 Ijook and 5 chap.befides others. 
 
 T,lEmyliiis M.imncims. Q^PMili»s Philo. 
 
 Thus ^.mtlitis Mamercinns^ and Q^PMilt- 
 HsP'ii) are by Ljz^/ reckoned Coff. for 
 this year. D/0!i9/-«/.fpnffeth over their furnames. 
 The Greek records fliew unto ns, MamercinHs 
 and ''-'hdo. As for rhilo, he is dekribed out ol' 
 theiabiesofiheCapitoli. 
 
 name Crajfus. In the Sicilian regiffters they are * 
 azmtdyCraJfas andD.» •«/. A^ touching thefe 
 Confuls, C'cerola his Epilile toP<erw,writctIl 
 thnstL.Papirhis Craff'iis.'iom years after he was 
 Diftator,was made Conful with K. Oitttius, 
 
 41(5 
 L. Frmtis CainillHs. 
 
 Q.MAmns. 
 
 THus fay L/Vr and C^ffiodorus. Viodorns hath 
 L. tunas and ^5i^,((^,but corruptly The Si- 
 cilian regiHers,f/jw/7///T and Memus. The Capi- 
 toll monuments of triumphs, L.F«r/«jr(«w/7/«j, 
 and r.,r/f«/«.f. '?/',;)' in his 34 book and 5 cha. 
 maketh mention diCatm ^e«/«/,Conful. \ 
 
 417 
 C.Su/pitiffs LongHS, P.JElius Patus. 
 
 Ihy and Ci'/ftodorus write, that thefe Coff. 
 .followed. D/Wor»j putteth dovinC.Sn/pi- 
 r/>x,r.nd l..P.''firlus, 1 he Sicilian regiflers,have 
 Lorgtis:^Tsd Pattis. 
 
 418 
 L.Papirifts Cmjfns. K.Ti'>itifis, 
 
 LUc'iHS PapiriHs CraJfMs.and K.Diuhus, Were 
 this years Coff.as witnef^ LivyC,iffipdor»s, 
 andD/Wtfr,7/alfo, but for leaving out thefur- 
 
 41P 
 
 MydertHs Corvus 1111, M Attllm Reguhsl 
 
 THis year, wheb the Aufones that inhabi- 
 ted the City C<?/f/, took arms and combi- 
 ned with the Sidicins, M. Valerius Corvui, it 
 right nuble General, was created Cohiulihe 
 fouaht'me, having to.his Collegue C as Livy 
 wmtlh) A'f.AtttliHS Ktg: J iS. Ca/fiodorus \ike- 
 wife detlarcth the fame tor Confuls ; and fo 
 doth Dwdorus, but that, he leaieth out their 
 fornames: whi:h ?ppear extant in the Sicilian 
 rtgiller?, 
 
 420- 
 T. Vet firms. Sp,Pi>fihf{mius. 
 
 THeDidstor held an nffembly for tbeele- 
 ftion 01 Confuls, wherein were created 
 (according to L(t7)tiiefe above-named. So fay 
 Caffiodorus alfo and Diedorus. ZonAras nameth 
 \.\\zmTiher ,Cdvirms^ and Sp.PoflhmniuS' and 
 right well, as "S.'^ <?«/«/ thinkech: ioi Ttberitu • 
 was the lore-name of the Vecurii. The Greek 
 records,and Culpinims book,have Albinus and 
 CalvitiHS, 
 
 421 
 Interregenis^all one year, 
 
 SJgonim and Onuphrius infert this one year 
 without C©nfuls,bef,des the account of the 
 years, according to the Capitoll monuments, 
 albeit they fee neither in Livy ,Tioz in any otber» 
 mention thereof; and all to make up the totalt 
 fumcoileiti^dby '""•j"v<'. And that the faid year 
 fliould u thi? time efpetially be interpoftdthe 
 tables of the Capitoline records do fliew. For 
 whereas in them thus engravenit is, Myderi- 
 . tis CorvKs Conful the fourth time in the year of 
 the City 41 9. and again L..Ew/w and C.PliU' 
 tiiiSy in the year 414: to the end that thefe re- 
 cords might agree one with another- of necefli- 
 ty there mufi be put a year between. For leave 
 out that, then both L, Mmyhus the Conful 
 fhould fall upon the year 41 4. and the totall 
 fum of the year in Varro and the Capitoline ta- 
 bles be overthrown. That this odd year was 
 now abo^e all other times to be cafl b^=tween, 
 Gregory Hd:;aijder(viho left in writing a Chip*" 
 nology of the Confuls j faw long before thtm''? 
 for he o' er-pafled this year wholly, noied- 
 without ConiuJs. But Stgontus and Onsiphrius 
 are of opinion, tharthis year there was an An- 
 archy, and rheCommon-weal without Con- 
 fuls.or other Magiffrar? orHd'.e„ by occasion of 
 the pefli!ence,whereof L'v/ yvxiuyi^;j 
 
 412 
 A .Cornelius li. c <. Dojtutii:, 
 
 p.Wus Cornelius \\it fecord ■I^I7^:; Cofi with 
 Cn,^on}ttitis) is h'j Lny^U'4<^i:giyfi(.^ us,k^
 
 W X . JU1V1US» 
 
 iown. Diodorus nameth them A.Cormlita and 
 C.DomittHs, The Sicilian regifterSjC^fz^/^Mj and 
 
 CojffUc 
 
 425 
 
 MiClaudiMS Marcellm, CV^aleritts. 
 
 A FcerthiSjWere created Con(u\$tM.Clafiditis 
 MarceHttsiind C.^aUnnsjis Livy and Qajfi.- 
 odorfts reporc.In Digdorus alio they be kt down 
 by the name ofC.K«/<?r/«;,and M.Clo dim. Livy 
 faith, that hefindethin the Annals, the fur- 
 names of ^/cr;«jdiverfly put down, namely, 
 FUcctis and Potitus. Orofms calleth thefe Coh- 
 fuls, cLwdiHs Aiarcellhs, and Vdenns Flacctts : 
 The Sicilian regifters, Potitus and M.^rcelks. 
 StgO'iliis and OfiufhriMs retain their furnamcsi 
 that it may feem, how to the old furname Voti- 
 r,'«ol theHoufe F'^lena, this new furname of 
 FUccHJ is a later addition. 
 
 424 
 L.Tapyrias Crajfus II, L.Tlautitts Venno, 
 
 THefe Confuls are by Livy and Caffwdonii 
 recited this year. D/W(3>-«/concealeth their 
 furnames. The Sicilian regillers, make them 
 known by the namfts of Craffui and Venue 
 
 4^-5 
 L.&m)l:HS MAmercinm. C, Plant ius, 
 
 NExt to themCaccording to Lizijand C^ffia- 
 dvruj) were L, JEm]lius Mamercus-, and C. 
 TlaHtittscvciKd Confuls. Diodmts nominateth 
 L.P.ipyrius with L. Plotius. The Sicilian regi- 
 Ikrs, MAniercin'.ts and DcciAnHs. How both 
 thefeare tobedefcribed, their triumphs upon 
 record in the Capitol do evidently fhew.Thefe 
 Confuls entred upon their government thefirf^ 
 day of J'///, 'vi 
 
 426 
 T.PltttiHi Procttlm. P. CormliHS Scapula- , 
 
 T ^Ivy and Cafiodorui put do wn [for Confuls^ 
 P.Pl.uuifis Procttlas, and P. Cornelius Sea- 
 jinLt. Diodorus^ .Cornelius and A^ofllmmi:*s, 
 The Sicilian regifters.,f^<?«woand Sapw.Omphri- 
 tis thinketh this Vlautius ought to be torenamed 
 not P«^/;K^but ca:us: who in his Confulfiiip 
 whiwhhebare afterwards vilth Appms cacus^ 
 was furnamed ye»ox( as Fromnms fuppofeth) 
 for finding certain fprings and veins of watier 
 ,\vithin the earth. 
 
 .' .1 '.V . . 427 , 
 
 c .VUtititis VrocHlas. ^PdlJtus fhilo li, 
 
 Livy and cajfiodortts match together in the 
 Confulfliip for this year, L. corneltus Ltw 
 ttilusyitid Q'Publi/ias Vhtlo. Diodsrus L, Corne- 
 lius and O.Putlilius, The Sicilian regifterSjLw- 
 tuluj and P/;//<7, 
 
 L. Papyrihs MugillAms Curfor. C .'PmtUttf. 
 
 CAiusVceteltus and L.Papyrius are by Livy. 
 nominated c onfuls this iyeaj, c , Vtthlijtf 
 
 the third time, zad L. Papyrms Mugi]LiKusy\tf 
 Cajfiodortts. Solinuj makcth ipention of thefe" 
 Confuls in his five and thirtieth chapter. As fbt 
 -P4/);r/«j,L,t/;r indeed furnameth him here^l/;^.. 
 ^illamiSi but hefaith (hat he findeth him mo- 
 ther Annals by the name oiCtirfor. la the 
 Greek lecords they be £//;<? and curfor. Novf 
 as touching c .VctiUns^ht is to be written with 
 the numerall note //. and not ///. as Sigonim. 
 and Onuphrins do admonifh. For it is not th? 
 fame man who was Conful in the 393 years 
 but his fon, 
 
 425? 
 L.Fttriiss Qamillns II. J unifts Brutus Se^iva, \ 
 
 Tivy zadCaJftodorus put down for confuls, 
 Lu.FmiMs QAmillus the fecond time,and 7«-. 
 nitis Brutus Scitvti, Diodorus-, L.Fur ius-, andDj, 
 y««w.The Sicilian regifters, CamiHus ind Bru- 
 ms. 
 
 439 
 
 T Ucius Furius, unto whom the charge ©{ 
 Samnium fell by lot,fortuned by occafion o^ 
 ficknefs to forgo the war there, and was com- 
 manded to nominate for the managing of mar- 
 tiall affairs a Diftacorwhereupon he pronoun- 
 ced L.Vapirius Curfor, the braveft warrior id 
 thofe daies ; by whom O^. Fabius Rulliamis was 
 named greatMafter of thehorfe. Afterwards 
 Curfor turned him out of that Mafterfhip of 
 horfe, becaufe without his warrant he had 
 fought ( although it were fortunately ) againft 
 the Samnits when himfelf was out of the way. 
 and gone to Rome for to take the Aufpices a.^ 
 new : and in his room he fubftituted L. Papyri^- 
 us Crajfus, Thus write Livy-,EMtropins-,zndFA-= 
 lerius^in the fecond book. 
 
 431 . 
 c Sulpitius Lofigffs II, ^.t/£myliuslL.AulusJ 
 
 Cerretanus^ 
 
 T Ucius Vapyrius the Diiftator, before he left 
 his Magillracy,crcated Confuls, c.Suloitiui 
 J,ongui II. ind Q^t/£m)lius cerreta»us. Some 
 Annals have A«//«^ Thus much L<i^/. In like 
 manner the Sicilian regillers have Lo»^us, anc^ 
 Cerretanus. '^VilDtodorus Corrupcly (oihulitd 
 hath i/Blius, 
 
 45*. 
 Q^.Fabius, l.,F»lvihSc 
 
 T Ivy and Caffiodorus deliver unto us ior Coa- 
 
 fuls this year, Q. Fabius and L. Fulvips. 
 
 whom the Capitol! records of the triumph^ 
 
 name Q^.Fabim Maximus RulliaHus^ andlta 
 
 Fulvius corvus. Mar veil it isthereforejthitia 
 
 the Sicilian regiliersjthey are put down, C«r/ir 
 
 and 5;///i^,,.v4^g.VK "'.•.. 
 
 435 
 
 TjVetuf^HfGiilvinus, Sp^ojihrniins, 
 
 tX^HW^zi Livy and CaJfioJ.,us fet foi;tp 
 
 J ■^ for Confuls., T, Teturius calvmnszad Sp^ 
 
 Vefihuruius. c icero, in his third .book of O^t 
 
 ces writeth.that they were twice CofT.ZaWj-rff 
 
 'calletD.
 
 1038 
 
 Ibe ibromUfgte 
 
 callcththc one of thetn T.Calvintuy by a fami- 
 liar forcoamc unio that houfe and kindred of 
 the Veturii. The Greek records exhibit unto ua 
 CalvinMi and Albinus. Of thefe confuls as alfo 
 of the Caudinc peacc,C<«ro in his book of old 
 a«»e ; PUny al^o io bis book of famous men, 
 Gelliui in his 17 book and 21 chap. Flems in 
 his I book and 16 chap, and Orefius in his 3 
 book and 1 5 chap, do make mention. 
 
 434 
 L.*Papyrifis Cnrfor II. C.?»hliliui Thila, 
 
 T Ivy and CaffiodorHs fliew for this years 
 Confuls, Q^.PHhlilitis IPhilo and L. Papynfn 
 C«r/t»-,the fecond time. The Sicilian regifiers, 
 Curfor and Philo. But that this Phih fhould 
 now be third time Conful, his Confulfliips do 
 plainly fhew. 
 
 4?5 
 
 Z/, Papyrius Cuffor^or MugilUnus, 
 
 Q^Aultus Cerretams II. 
 
 LIvy faith, there is fome doubr, whether L, 
 P.ipyrins Ctirfor were this year created 
 Conful the third timCjWith Q^t/£mylmsCerre- 
 taKUs thefecond time: and for his good fervicc 
 in war itLuceria-, continued ftill in govern- 
 ment .• or rather L.Papyrms MugilUms, and fo 
 thefurname was miftaken. C^jjiodorm delive- 
 reih unto us L.P^.pyrius and Q^.AfiliMs Cerreta- 
 rMi. The Sicilian regiiiers, P.ipyrius sad Cerre- 
 tanus. The monument of his triumph in the 
 CapitoU, alloweth of cur[oT and not MugiHa- 
 Mis. Thealuhor of that book which Cujpimau 
 hath fet forth, following other Annals, fetteth 
 down MugiUtinHs. 
 
 43^ 
 M.FojliiiS FlAccinator. L.PUmiusVenno. 
 
 CEeing that for twelve years next cnfuing, we 
 have the Capitoline tables whole and found, 
 the lefs trouble we need to be at in reforming 
 and redreffing the names of the Magtdrats.Both 
 they, and alfo Livy with C^Jpodoras reprefent 
 unto us for this years cor)in\i,M.FoJliusFlac- 
 ■csijator and L, Vhintius Vemo. Dtodortts calleth 
 them, L.P/of/«T and (uai//®- 9«^i3;©-, The Sicili- 
 an regifiers, rf««o and Fhccus. 
 
 437 
 C.JuMtHs BuhuhHS. Q^ J£m)lJut Barhnla, 
 
 Cylfflodorns putteth down c. Junius and 
 Quint us Rmylius for Confuls. Livj-, c ./«- 
 r.iMflBnyHtcKS^ir\6. Quintus JEmylius Barbtita.H. 
 fioiiein the Czf\to\\iQ^u£myUHfB(trhiilit-, and 
 C,'3timnsBub}ilcusBrM:!s. 
 
 438 
 $p,NiiHtiHS, MXoptlim. 
 
 NExt follow in order 5)?. ttmim and Ad, 
 V»pil%us Confuls, according to Livy and 
 Cajfiodorus. Euti/us and La»ai their furnames, 
 are by Sigomus rcftored unto them : and the 
 lame alfo are co be fecn in the Sicilian boQks of 
 record. ^ 
 
 43P 
 L.VapyriHS cnrfor till. Q^Vuhiim VhiloIUl^ 
 
 THe Confuls names of this year,through the 
 default of the writers that copied forth 
 Livies books,are there left out : namely, L.P<i- 
 pirius curfor the fourth time, and Q^VHhltliHi 
 P/!/7<7 likewife the fourth time: as it is written 
 in caffiodoriis^ in the CapitoU tables, and in 
 CHJpifians book,wherein they are named c«r- 
 for and VhJa. Howbeit, in the Sicilian regifiers 
 they are called Curfor and Littitu. 
 
 440 
 M.Vatelius, c. Sulpitias, 
 
 X I-vy and c/«^o^!7r«^ report for Confuls this 
 yen ,C.Sulpit>us and M.Postelttis.^ut Diodo- 
 rus hath C, Sulpitius and (/.a^k©- <totx«©- cor- 
 ruptly for 'S'o/Tn/i/©-. The Capitoline writers, 
 have M. Vcstelius Liho and C. Sulpitius Longus 
 the third time.The Sicilian regifiers,Lo»^«j and 
 (Tst/xi'MT©-, but there is a fault, as Sigonins truly 
 thinketh . 
 
 441 
 L.VApirius Ctirfor. V. C.jmiiis Bttbttlcut, 
 
 DIodorus putteth down for Confuls this 
 year L.Prfp;V;«/fifttime,and C.Jmius.lhc 
 Sicilian regifierSjCar/cr and Buhlcus.But Livy 
 and caJJiodorusiL.Vupirius Curfor V. andCJ»- 
 tiius Bui ulcus II. Feflm maketh mention alfo of 
 thefe Co{f>in his 1 8 book. 
 
 44Z 
 Myder'ms. C.Decius, 
 
 Xjvy writeth that there followed confuls 
 MValerins Max. and P. Decius: bmCaJfio- 
 darusj faith MJ^a/erius and V. Decius. Frontinus 
 in his book of water-conduits, fpeaketh of 
 thefe Confuls ; whom he writeth to have been 
 thirty years after the beginning of the Samnits 
 war. A5 for P. Decius^ Livy afterwards calleth 
 M»/. The Sicilianregifiers have M^JA-.and M«j. 
 
 443 
 CJmius Eah/cm III. Q^JEmyltus Barhula.II, 
 
 WE find in Livy {qt Confuls this year, 
 C.]uniusBui;u/cus thethird time, and 
 ^. t/£myltus BarhttU the fecond time: like- 
 wife in C^j!/?o^o?-»/. But D;(7(^r«jnameth thetn 
 C,J«»/wand Q^t/Emyliui. In the Sicilian r^i- 
 l\eis>Bubfilcus avd Barhula.lhe. fame names are 
 alfQin the CapitoU monuments, whifh be in 
 Livy. ■ ■^''''■n^r ' 
 
 '444 
 C.Martius Ruttlius. 
 
 Q/FdiM. 
 
 CAiHs lAartius Ffit^sscd ^. F^nbitis be this 
 years Confuls in !,»*>■. But in Caffiodorus^C. 
 lAnrtim Euti/us and J^. f ^^/»/the fecord lifue.' 
 Vioderus hath C. Martins and Q^Fabitis the 
 fccood tiwc. The Sicilian regifiers fliew ^tittts 
 ^ Aid
 
 to T. Livius, 
 
 36^"^ 
 
 and Rfttilfts.The. Capitol monuments, ^Fahi- 
 Hti A^a.v. Rati/anus the fecond time, andC. 
 MartiM,viho afterwards in his fecond Cenfor- 
 (hip in the 49"8 year, is fiirnamed Cerftrtntu. 
 
 445 
 A year withottt Co^fuls.P.Ti^pirius DiElator.II. 
 
 VErriui Flaccus intcrpofeth this year alfo 
 without ConfuIs,wherein he reporteth L. 
 Papiritts Ditbbtor the 2 time, with C. Junius 
 Budulcus Briitas theMafler ofthe horfe. This 
 year Diodorus, Livy, the Greek records, Ciilp.- 
 mans book And Cajfi odor us do overleap, For Li- 
 ^'7writeth that L.PapirtusCmfor was nomina- 
 ted by the confiil Diftator,and by himC,y«- 
 nius Bubttlcus nymzd. Matter of the horfe: upon 
 occafion that C./l/>'rf(«/ the Cof. had no good 
 fortune ill his conduct of the wars in Sam>:i:<n}. 
 This inferting of one year Onuphrius hath ap- 
 proved, that the computation of the years ga- 
 thered by rarrc might ftand in force, which to 
 the Capitol! tables piitteth one year, whofe 
 judgment we alfo are willing to follow. 
 
 445 
 0,Fa'-^ius. P.Veciuf, 
 
 XIvy writeth, that Fabius continued Conful 
 ^this year alfo, for his fingular good lervice 
 in fubduing and taming Hecruria ; and that he 
 had for his companion in government Deems. 
 C^jlT/o^o^'x^acknowledgethfor Cofl". Q, fabius 
 the third time, and P. Dfc/;« the fecond time. 
 Diodarm, P .Deciiis and Q^.Fabins. The Sicilian 
 regiUers Mas and Ritl/us. The Capitoline ta- 
 bles , P. DeciHs M:;s I J, and Q^ Fahim Max, 
 RuUuxnus the third time. 
 
 447 
 A^p.ClAudius, L.Voliimnius, 
 
 LIvy faith, that immediatly there followed 
 confulsi App.Cl'^tidm^ zad L.VolumniHs. 
 Cajjiodorus and Diodories, jippius and f'^io/eus. 
 The Sicilian regiliers, A pp. CLiudiHs CiCf«^,and 
 Lyolumnias.'Xhc. Capitoline monuments have 
 flammaiadf^tciens.Now whether one of thefe 
 Confulsfurnamesbef'/«/f«j or Violenfts-, Onu- 
 /)/;r/«;advertifeth us to confider.Forthe capi- 
 loll ftone hath it alwaies wniitnTio/ens. But 
 the Greek words have Appms ind l^iohiyTQ-^iS 
 it the name were VwUnfis, 
 
 448 
 Q^MartiHsTremuUs. P.CorneliHS ArviM. 
 
 y Jvy and Cajfiodornt regiller for the Confuls 
 of this year, 0,M^rtitiiTrentulus, with a 
 Collegue adjoynedunto Wwn.BiedorHs faith Q^ 
 Mart tus and P.Cor/ielius. The Sicilian records, 
 Tremuliis and Arviua, 
 
 449 
 LfPofihumius. T.MiwittMS 
 lUcius Poflkumtus and T. AtniutiHs are repor- 
 ted c onfuls by DW'^r«i> Livj and Cajfiod, 
 
 Cu(pi»ians book flieweih, A-Iegellns and Aufn^ 
 r/»«/.Thefe Ccff, doth L.i';/cput down for to 
 fucceed Q_.F ahius ind P. Deems, leaving one 
 ihofe tvvo years wherein we havefei down(5s 
 Z,/Z7 write th ) that claudms \y\\.\\i^Lt;irn>7ius^ 
 and Cornelius with Martins were confurs. 
 Whether his memory iailed him in digedin'^ 
 ot the annals, or of purpofe he fuppofed that 
 thofetwo couple of Confuls were not truly re- 
 corded, and therefore overleapt them, I know 
 not.AfragmentthereisoftheCapicolineHone, 
 which fliewcth for this year, Mefel!;'.sto\>z 
 the furname of Vofthumius, Tnerius the fore- 
 name of M/««f.«/,ard M.ofFuhius. Now the 
 furnames of F«fe«f were c.trv.-is and ^etiKtts^ 
 as it appeareth written in his triumph, 
 
 • 450 , _ 
 
 V .Semproniiis Sophns. P. SafpitiusSavcrrto',' 
 
 'T* He Confuls next following were P. Sulpi'^ 
 I ttHS Saverrioznd V.Scn:proi::MS So'phiis, ac- 
 cording to L-zjf and caffiolLrcf. In Diodortts 
 they are written P.Sttlpitms and V.Sexiproniyji 
 Iq the Greek regilkrs, they Ihnd Scmpronim 
 and Save,- rio.Vl:>iy writeth ofthele Confuls iii 
 his ^ 5 book .• but Scmpronms he calleth Lomus^ 
 Both of them are defctibedthus bytheirtri- 
 umph^, appearing upon record in the Capito'Ij 
 for in their Conlulfhip there isnomore to be 
 leen but Sopkus and Vublnts, 
 
 L.Gentitius. 
 
 4'i 
 Ser. CornditiHS, 
 
 D^ 
 
 yodoriisyLivy and cafiodortts report for Cofl^ 
 this year, L.Gentttius^ and Scrv.us C'yrndi- 
 us. The Sicilian regifiers have Avcminenfis and. 
 Zy^«t;>/,-/.f.The Capitoline writers put unto Cor- 
 n.ltus the iiirname of Lstnulus, 
 
 451 
 M , ISviits D:ii: cr. M . '^nijUits, 
 
 T Ivy n.vneth for C :)nfuls this year M. Llvim 
 and c tyE-.n)l!us. cajfiodorus^ M./L/w,'«and 
 L.ty£,!t\lms.Di'jdtrus}A.Livitis and i^iJEm/li- 
 IP . As tor the forename to JEm. lius, Si^oniits 
 and Onuphrius do think that more credit is td 
 i^iven unto D;(j(/^r///, than other.;: elpecially, 
 leeing that in L/j7 therein mention made the 
 ^eariollowing ot M. ;£/«;■/.«/ V.iu/us General! 
 of the horfemen, whom they all think to be 
 the lame man that this Conib'. M, Livius \s 
 written Demerin the Capitoll records, whiclj 
 furname L:vy in another place addethtothd 
 Livii. cnjpinians book in like manner ferteth 
 down Denter and Pantus as the furnames ot 
 thefe Confuls.The Sicilian regifters,Di?»fffr and 
 
 Amy I: US. 
 
 453 
 Two Dillators.andno C onf;;/, 
 
 *"r*His year alfo of twoDidators without 
 1 Confu!s,0;/n/?/r/.'« inlerteth in his Kalen- 
 der, howbeitdircited thereto by evidence of 
 the Capitoll fra^'ments: to theendthac theJ 
 calculation o^rano might agree in all refpeftsj 
 
 which;'
 
 1040 
 
 Yhe Chronologie 
 
 whichjifthis year were over-flipped fliould be 
 wholly overthrown: although D/Wore, Livj^ 
 and C/'ftodore diflent therefrom} and leave out 
 this year altogether. Whereof keOmphrius 
 more at large in his Kaknder upon this year 
 
 453. 
 
 454 
 M. Valerius. Q^Apaleius Tanfa. 
 
 IMmediatlyafter M. Livius and M.tyEmyli' 
 Its, Livy^ and C^JJiodoruslziieth pals the year 
 of two Diftitors without Confuls. bring in Ai. 
 V.HeriHS and Q^ Jpuleius P.wfa lot Confuls.Thc 
 Greek records fhew Corvinm and Panfa. It 
 feemech that Lmy by Marcus VJeritis meaneth 
 ^/<T.v/wK//or thathe faich that prefently upon 
 hisDiftatorfliiphe wasmadeCol. Now that 
 Mjr.Vahrifts Max. was Dictator the year be- 
 fore,lie writeth plainly. 
 
 455 
 
 M.Fulvius VdtHS, T. MiiniiHS Torqusitus, 
 
 L/z';',and Cflffioiorm declare for Confuls this 
 )Q.i.r.,M.Fnlv'HS rat us znd T.Ma-JiHsTor- 
 tjua-us. TheSidlian regiflers havePirf/z.-^/and 
 T'orcjft.itus.Lizy faith that ^. Fi,:hins refufed the 
 ConluIOiip offered unto him without any fuit 
 oi hij. But T.ManliiisxhQ Conful, was by lot 
 appointed to levy waragainR //<•/>-«?-/>, whi^h 
 took arms and [)rcpared for war againft the 
 truce a:cordcd upon. Now was be fcarce well 
 entred into the enemies confines,but as he ex- 
 crcifed amonc; menof arms, and chanced to 
 turnabout his horfe upon afu!lcarricr,hewas 
 c ill trom his back: whereupon ('for the prefent) 
 he hy for dead, and within three dales after the 
 [aid tall ended his life. Then all the Centuries 
 in general by their fuffrageschofe M. Valerius 
 Col. vvhom ihcSenat purpoicd to havemade 
 Diftator. Thus much L^'z;?. Tj^ M, Valerius ht 
 mejncth Cottus-, whom Cicero writeih in his 
 book of old age, and/'Ci/fW^i Max, in his 7 
 bookand 48i.liap. to have been Cof. now the 
 iixt time, and that between this and the firft 
 there were 46 years, although Vlut.irch in the 
 life of C./;V;;.'/laifb.they were but 45. How- 
 beit nl: oithcm call him Corvir.us and not Cor- 
 pus, 
 
 456 
 h.Conulras Scpw, C».Ftiliius, 
 
 CNci!sF,'ih:!n and L.Corr.dins Scipiontz re- 
 corded Confuls by L.w; snd CaJJlcdarus : 
 but Scip:o and Ccntumdns^ by Cu^inians book: 
 Scip.o and J/.;.v;>«,7j by the Greek records, 
 
 457 
 Q^Fabnts Max. IV. P.Deciiis Mus III. 
 
 Lhy arid C.^ffiodirus alledgefor Cofl". this 
 ys^r,Q.FabiusM,2x.ibsfovuh time, and 
 P. Deems M»s thrice.Thefame Coff.Cu[pimans 
 book and the Greek recordsdelivered unto us. 
 The author that writeth of famous men, and 
 Fro;:ti>iHi in iiis book ofStratagems,fpeak of P. 
 Vccius thrice Conful, 
 
 458 
 L.Volumfiius. ^ppius CUudius, 
 
 LUctKus Volumttius a Commoner, and u4ppius 
 Claudius of noble bloud,were created Cofl". 
 this year : even the fame men who in their for- 
 mer Confulfhip were matched rogether;as Livy 
 and Cajjiodorus write : but in the Sicilian reoi- 
 Ikrs they are found written, Claudius and Vio- 
 le»>. Howbeit,Cyr^ro in his book entituled Ca- 
 ;oreporteth,that between the two Confulfhips 
 of ^ifp.C^cHs were ten years. 
 
 45^ 
 0,Fal;ius V. P, Decius IV. 
 
 T Ivy ir\d Cajjiodorus bothwitnefs, that the 
 Coff.next following, were Q^.Fabiusiht fife 
 time, and P.Ditius the 4 time, who had been 
 companions together already in 2 Confulats 
 and in one Cenforfliip. The Sicilian regiHers 
 have RullHs3.x)d Mus : of which Confuls Cicero 
 fpeaketh very often ; rk/<'r.//..\v.likewife, P<i- 
 tsrcidus i.\io^Pl;itarch^Fro»tii}us in hisi book of 
 Stratagems, the author of the book of famous 
 men, Eutrcpius^Orofius^ and others : who all re- 
 port,ihat ihcCoi^.PMecius, following the ex- 
 ample of his father, offered himfelf todie for 
 the Roman legiGns,and by his death purchafed 
 a notable vicitory to the people oiRome. 
 
 460 
 
 L.Poftumius Mtgeilus. M. Attlius Regulus. 
 
 THe CnfT.next following, were L.Pofiumius 
 Me^ellus^ and M.Atiltus Regulus^ zsLivy 
 and Caffiudorus write. In the Sicilian records, 
 their furnames are McgtUus and Regulus. 
 
 45i 
 
 i : Papirius Cur [or. 
 
 Sp.Carvilius. 
 
 AFter Livj and Cajfiodorus, the Cofl. this 
 year were L. Papinus Curfor undSp.Carvi- 
 Inis.Akei: the Sicilian regiHers,C«r/or & Max. A. 
 (lone in the Capitolmaketh mention oiPapiri- 
 wthefon of L. nephew off. furnamed Curfor^ 
 whom 'Lnjy writeth to be the fon oiPaptrius 5 
 times Cof.of thefeCoff.P/;;?)' oi Verona maketh 
 mention in his 7 book and 60 chap, Val. yiax. 
 likewife in his 7 book and i (.hz'p.VeHcius in his 
 2 book ; and the fame L;V7 in the year 456. 
 
 462 
 il-Fabius G urges Ma v. Decius Junius Brutus^ 
 
 fon of Scavalim, 
 
 THe year following had Confuls, Q^.Fahus 
 Gurges,^r\d D.Ju^i ius Brutus Scava^aS wit- 
 nels Lizj and Cafflodorus.Zoyiaras nameth them, 
 Junius Brutus and ^. Fahius Max, Cufpinians 
 Kalender;M-^!A72w»jand Scava. The Sicilian re- 
 gifkrs, Brutus and Maximus. hivyiPUny in his 7 
 book,the Capitol! tables.and ZonAros, havedc- 
 liveredjthat this f^^/wwasthefon o'iQMax. 
 Rultianus, who had been 5 times Cof. before. 
 And here an end of the Confuls for the firft 1 
 books. ,^_ 
 
 4^3
 
 to T.Livius. 
 
 I '04 1 
 
 463 
 
 L.ToJlhuntiMS, C.Jftnius, 
 
 OIncc that after this Codfulfhip, ten books of 
 Livjoeaz enfuing be loft, whom hitherto we 
 have had for the moll fuffi>.ient witnefs of this 
 ftory,lb as now we are in manner deftitute and 
 deprived ofthebeft helps of Annals, namely, 
 Diodorfts, Dia>iy/iit!, and Li'vy : from hence for- 
 ward we will ufc principally in digelHng and 
 reckoning the years by the Confuls,theautho- 
 rity and teftimony of C4///(7^or«j;theSicilian re- 
 cords, and C.ij[p I it i.vis book : yet will we hoc 
 in the mean while rejeil what helpioeverfliall 
 be miniftred unto us by others. For this year 
 therefore C>r//io^«r«;wriceth, that L.Prfiumiia 
 and C.7««;«j, were created Coff. whofe fur- 
 nifai5,Mf^c~lliis, and Brutus Bubftkus-^iaxz not 
 been left out fo much as in CHJpinians K alender, 
 nor in the Sicilian records. Livy alfo maketh 
 mention of them in his 28 book, faying thus, 
 Lh. Poflumiiis A'lc^^ellhs the Interregcnt, was 
 createdCol.with C.Bni>:ilc}is,hy that very court 
 and affembly vvhich himfelf called and held. 
 
 P.CorncliHs Sfifiitts. M'.CutiusDentatHS 
 
 THe CofT.tbis ye.u are recorded by C.ijfiodo' 
 rns-,Pitb.Corneltus Rnfi>uis^ and M'.Curitis 
 Df«f/?r/<j: for whom in the Sicilian regifters,ap- 
 pcar ^4v/w«j- the third time.and yl/wihefixt 
 lime. But of ihofe forenamcd Co^.Ckers ma- 
 keth mention in his book, entituled CiUo ; P.i- 
 rfnr«/;/iinhisfirft book, f^iileriiis Max, in his 
 fixt book, and 5 chap. Pliny alfo in his 7 book 
 and 50 chap. Now this //'. Cwhk was called 
 Dentatus.is Pliny writeth in his 6 book and 1 6 
 chap, for that he came into the world with 
 teeth. 
 
 4^5 
 Myderim. Q^.C<tditii4s. 
 
 MArcHS Fulerias and Cl.Cadit'Usvie:e after- 
 wards Coff. as faith Cafiodoms. The old 
 book oiCufpiman putteth to them the fornames 
 oiCorviHtis and NoHua: which in the Sicilian 
 regifters are overpafled. The Greek records 
 fliew unto us, M.iximus and Mus : for Maxi- 
 m»s was a furname alfo of the Vderii Corvini. 
 
 Q^M.irtiHS. T. Cornelius. 
 
 CAJfiodortfS this year delivereth for Confuls , 
 O. M.irtiHS and P. Cornelius. Ctilpjni.t:is 
 boolT^and the Greek records add their fur- 
 names.TVfJww///^ //. and ArvinusI I. who had 
 beeti Coniuls together once before. 
 
 467 . 
 M.MarceHns. Sp.Natititts. 
 
 CAfflodorus avoucheth Confuls this year, 
 M Marcellas and Cn.MMt,pis. The Greek 
 records and Ch(pmM book, have Marcellus 
 and RhUIhs, 
 
 468 
 
 Myderius, 'C.t/£!ius» 
 
 MArctisVJeriusitidC. (y£liris are ranged 
 in this year for Cofl.hy C.jfiodorus.CpflJUr 
 nurnshooV pUtteth forth, M.iximttsiVid Pxtus: 
 
 but the Greek records,/'of;7«)- and /^<cr«/.No\v 
 you mufl think, that both MAximHs and Pott- 
 ttts are the furnames of the V.thru. 
 
 4f^9 
 CjCUndiiis. M ,ty£myliit!, 
 
 FOr this years Cofl". C-.77?''^5r//T hath C.CUfc 
 diitsiud M.tyErtiyhiis. The Greek record? 
 and Ci^jpinians boo^.,Catt/jaS<- Lcpiditr- where- 
 of the former is the furname of C/.<W(/.'^j the 
 latter of z/B)n)lins. 
 
 47°. 
 •CScrvilitiS. L.Cxciims, 
 
 ByC^iJfiodorus, CServilms and L.Cacilius 
 Mfr<r//H.f are placed Coff. in this year : for 
 whereas in fome copies oiQ^^JfiodorMs-, inllead 
 of Ln.Q'ii'Ctl:usi\'i written Cxlms that is a faulo 
 as SifroniKs 3nd 0>::!j)hri'is have noted. To Scr- 
 •y;//M^ this Conful, the Greek records add the 
 furname oiTrtrca, whom they put down Cof. 
 with De^no^ihsy would fay D.wr <■•,-, as both 5.- 
 ^onius indO'.iiphrius fuppofe. Vot Defter is a 
 Vurtiarne alfo given to the O-o/;/, as appe.ireth 
 by Lizj. 
 
 471 
 P.CoyndiHsDulubcllt, C^t.Bomnius. 
 
 CAJfipdorns inferreih P,Cor». VoblielU, ^3r,d 
 Cyi.Dowitiits for Cofl". Ctt(pinia»s Kalender 
 hath DolAbelUzr\dCJviis. The Sicilian regi- 
 fters, Do/.i^c//.iM./.v/w;<r. And fome think that 
 M.^v/;w!?/x wasthe furname ot Do/i/'^fc, wliich 
 he fcemeth to have acquired bythehonout 
 that he had won in the war againlt the Gauls, 
 
 47'-. 
 CSdbricipis. Q^. EmyLiiS 
 
 CA lfiodorushi\r)^tl\\ in for Cofl".C.F.;ii;ir^- 
 uszndOi £>n)l:tis- but theSitilianregj- 
 fter.';, Lufcimssnd r>;p:;s.O\ then! Cicero in his 
 book Lclitis, makeih mention in this manner.: 
 Wc lee that P,ip:is E»:y'i::s was familiarly ac • 
 quainted with C.L«/c<««i ; for fo we have 
 heard ourfathers fay.th.u they were two Crfl. 
 toc;ether, and companion^; in the ccnforftup. 
 Moreover, (^.ilermsm his chsp. where hetrea- 
 teth of Poverty, maketh mention o; c.Fabri-^ 
 r;;//,and 0.£myhm P.iptn. This J£my!ius,PlH- 
 tarch inliis Parallels calleth corruptly by the 
 name of PhhIhs, 
 
 47^ 
 L.Emylins. Q^Wantus. 
 
 T Here followed coff, as c»t//I«?^a^■«;fl^ew- 
 eth,L.JEw^/'»J& O^UniHs ; unto whom 
 C/.'/Z'/^'.^wbookand the Greek jccords give al-. 
 fo their furnames, 7;,i>-/'«/.j a nd Phdfppns- and, 
 the fame alfo is evident by the records in the 
 CafitoU of their triumphs, -^
 
 1042. 
 
 I ve loronoiogte 
 
 474 
 
 p. VaUritu. T. CorMncaniHt. 
 
 PUbynderius and Tit.CorHncaniHS-)itt\i'j C4' 
 fiodortu placed in this year for Coff. The 
 Cieekrtcotds^CuJpini.'wbookiFlorfufirofiM, 
 and Emrofins, giveto VJcriM the furnatneof 
 LavihPU. And Plutarch hath ak^Ivov iozMi^'i- 
 
 475 
 P. Snlpitim. P . DecitU . 
 
 NExt after tho\e, Cajfiodonu putteth down 
 P.Sulpititis Conful with P.DeciHi.T\\s. Si- 
 cilian regifters, have 5<jw«»«» and Mm. Cicero 
 in his 2 bookentituled I>(? F/w,and in his Tuf- 
 cnl3ndirputation<;,faith, That this Pub.Decitu 
 was chelon otthat P. Decius who vowed hitn- 
 felf to death in theSamnics and Gads war. 
 
 476 
 C.Pabricitis. Q^.Aemjltus. 
 
 CJfflodorus delivereth unto us for Confuls 
 C.FahrictHszndQ^ AemiliHS'. whomC«/- 
 pi«/.i;»;book ^nd the Greek records,call Lufii- 
 fifinht fecond time.and PcipHs.lhm thefe were 
 fellows together once before in the Confulat, 
 Cicero writcth in his book Ldius-, Plutarch in 
 Pyrrhns Gclltis 3 book,chap.8. Eutrppius, and 
 Zo»aras^tniks. report of the fame. 
 
 477 
 T.CorneliHS, C,Jn»ius, 
 
 PUh.CorneliuhindC.JmiHSiZiQ reheSrfed fot 
 ConluU this year by Cajfiodorus, Cu^inUns 
 b jok hath RMfinus the fecond time, and Brntus. 
 ■'"he Greek recorc's /v.vjfj?^; and Bu' ulcus, 2«- 
 iiaras hath Rt'fi>rus Si Junius.Oi P.Rufirius twice 
 Cof.f/V.in his 2.book Of a perfeiUjraTor,r:j- 
 Ir.M.ix.in his t., book,and 4.':hap. Ce!lius\n 
 his 4 book, and 8i.hap,iohis 17 booklikewife 
 and 21 chap.and laft ofaU,Fro;?f/>;«;inhisbook 
 of S'ratagems.make mention. 
 
 QFal!. 
 
 ins. 
 
 478 
 
 C, Gemttus^ 
 
 CAJfiod ---w^reportcth Q^Fabiat and C.Gc- 
 riutiii! ronfvils. The Sicilians reoiliers have 
 G urges :xr\d Clrpfi/:a. 0\ thefe Coff.O^-oy/wjma- 
 keth mention in this wife: When FahhisGurges 
 was the fecond time (2o{.v^\xhC.GentitiHsClep- 
 fina-, a grievous pefiilence reigned both in the 
 City,and alfo in the territory about it. 
 
 479 
 M\Curms. L.tcntnltis, 
 
 480 
 Serv . Cortieluts, M' , Curitts. 
 
 CAJfiodorus fheweth for this years Coft 
 Servius Cornelius and M'.Curius.Cu^imant 
 book and the Greek records, Merendafic Dea- 
 tatHs the third time. This M',CMrius is now 
 Cof. the fourth time, forjthrice he Was before. 
 Concerning this Serv.Cornelius Aderenda^Pliuy 
 relateth and writeth, that he received a prince- 
 ly coronet of gold at the hands of L. LentalHt 
 the Col'.of the former ycar,for winning a tovtri 
 oftheSamnits. 
 
 481 
 C.Fa hrictHS. C, Claudius, 
 
 CAffiodorHs fetteih down, C. Fabricius and 
 C.ClaudiHs Confuls: the Sicilian records, 
 Licinius md Camna' Ctijpirtians¥.3\tndtt, JJ" 
 ctnins and Cinna.EHtropius^Fahius Lici»iits znd 
 CClaudttisCanina. Velleius-, F^bius Dorjo sad 
 Claudius Canina. Whereby it may be under- 
 ftoodjthat thefe Confuls werecalled, C.Fabiut 
 Dorfo Licinius, and Caius Claudius Canina : fof 
 Dqt^o was an old name of the Fabti, 
 
 482 
 L. Papirius Cur for. Sp. CarviltHS. 
 
 NExt after ihtm-f^Jfiodors^s nominateih for 
 Co^.Sp.Carqjiliusznd Lh. FapirtusCarfn; 
 The records both of Sicily and Cujpinian, have 
 Curfor and Maxtmus. Both thefe were now 
 ColV.the fecond time as appeareth by their tri- 
 umphs upon record in the CapitoU. Frontims 
 fpeaketh of them in his book Of water-con- 
 duits.and Livy in his 24 book. 
 
 485 
 C,Q^unt:Ks. h. Genuiius, 
 
 IT is reported by C<7/7/tf,^or?, r}tMX.C, Quintim 
 and L.Gemititis were Confuls. Cujptnians 
 book and the Greek records, fet to their fur- 
 hames,C/^«^.«/ and Clepfina.Livy in his 7 book 
 fpeaketh of one T/V. Quintius lameofoneleg, 
 from whom haply this futname is drawn. 
 
 484 
 C.Genutius. Cn. Cornelius, 
 
 REported there are for Confuls this year by 
 Cajjiodorns-) C.CjeMutius and QnfZornelim \ 
 whofe fnrnames were Qlcpfma and Blafto-, is it 
 appeareth in Cufpinia^s book.This C^.-wj Geuw 
 tius'is the fame, who before-time was Conful, 
 As for C. Bl.tfio, he is def^ribed by his Cenfor- 
 fhip ftanding upon record in the Capitoll.Thc 
 Greek records over-pafs them both. 
 
 P.Senfpronius. 
 jipp.QLmdius. 
 
 485 . , , 
 
 7 orafter S ^Of"//'*'*^ 
 ^ fome, c Fabius PiSlor, 
 
 GAffiodorus and Eutropius deliver unto us 
 for ColT. M'.Curius and L.Lent ulus. The 
 Sicilian reglHers,D^»f<»/«/andLi?«f«/«j. This is 
 
 thcthirdConfulat of ^'.C//r;«A which toge- \ 
 
 ther with lMf.'.'/«jConfuin:ip, is drawn out of fi^Yitx Cornelius &r\d GenHtius Confuls, Qaf- 
 iheCapitoll records of triumph this year. fiodorus bringeth \nfub, Sempronins^ and
 
 toTitusLiViils. 
 
 I04J 
 
 jipp. CUudiiu, and of porpofe ovcr-skippech 
 Q^ulund Fabitu Pitlor.. Zon*rM,Q^ Cttllm 
 and C.Fabitu, Of ihcm fpcaketh EntropifuSiy' 
 ing;When Q^.Gulo and FabiM PiSior wereCon- 
 lals, the Picdtiats raifed war j and by the Con- 
 I'uls next tolldwing, to wit, P. Semfro»iw and 
 ^pp. C/.wditu^hey were vanquifhcd. Pliny al- 
 fo in his 3 3 book and 5 chap. When Q^Fubim 
 (quoth he) wasConfuljfilver was coined and 
 liamped for money, five years before the [fc- 
 cond 1 Punick war. Thefe Consuls, VtUeiUi al- 
 foreckoneth in his firH book.But Sigonim and 
 Onaphriw advertife us, that the book of £«rro- 
 p.m is very faulty in one of thefc Confuls, and 
 that in lieu ofQuift. Gtdo^ it fhould be read 4^. 
 OgHiphim ; for of this Citlo, there is in no piaie 
 belides, any mention: fo as they would have, 
 that it fhould be Opgulvtrnt fon of L.nephevr 
 of A. furnamcd dillns-, who a little before was 
 lent in embaflage to PtdomeHs. And it falleth 
 out pafiing well, that they llaould match Ogul- 
 VI w a commoner, with FAbiut a Patrician. Al- 
 fo Oyiuphrim telHfieth that in the moft ancient 
 hand-wiitten books olEmropiw-, the name is 
 found of Ogulvifu. And, as both the Greek 
 records, and alfo Zc/«.it-.«, together with the 
 more anient arid perfedl copies of £«frc;)/»«, 
 agree to this his judgment : fo HHbertas Goli- 
 z.tns likewife in his Catalogue of Confuls, em- ' 
 braceththefime ; and that which maketh molt 
 for the pUrpofe,theold a.ntiquities of coin wit- 
 nefs as n^uch. But in the mean while ihis is 
 worth the obfervaiion, that oftentimes in the 
 nio(f ancient pieces of money, the letterCis 
 writfen foi G: as for example here, Ocul. CaL 
 for OgM. Galba. 
 
 186 
 
 P. SeihfrdHiiis. 
 
 ■App. Cl.iadius, 
 
 D.IUHttiS, 
 
 488 
 
 AT. Fabius. 
 
 CJfiodoTHs rcporteth for CofT.tbis ye2r,D, 
 Jpinitts it\d N.Fttbtus : theSicilian regirteri 
 /•rr.i and Piclor: the capitol records of tri- 
 umphs, D. Jufjiiis fon of D. nephew of D. fur- 
 named Pera, and N. FrbtHs fon of C.nepheW of 
 yW.furnamed PutorMpon what occafion thefd 
 Fabit took the furname of ?iElor.X'lir:y fheweth 
 in his 35 book chap. 4. VJer.Max. in his 4 
 book and 3 chap, feemeth to note and fignifyj 
 that Fabius G urges and N. Fab. Victor, lived ac 
 one and the lame time. 
 
 489 
 ^. F.tbitis A'n :imns. L. Mamiiiui Vttulus, 
 
 THis year alfo Cj^o^orw/pafTeth over. The 
 Greek records lliew, ^^.v;>M«^and POf«- 
 lus. Zo»,iri%i^Q^,Fabtfts^znd &mjUHs{t\0 doubt^ 
 for Mamii,us,hy fome error and fault of the co- 
 pies. Cn^inian out ot fome old books delivereth 
 unto us for Confuls, Q^Fab.Maximm3.'Dd\Lu, 
 Mamdius. Ontifhrixii thinketh, that Q^. Fab, 
 Mitximr.i Garget Was now thrice Conlul, 
 
 ^p. CI audit: s. M . Fulvihi. 
 
 BEfidcs the capitol monuments, Volybius in 
 his firrt bock maketh mention of thcfe 
 Confuls. C?f//.«j alfoj who callech them thus, 
 ■^pp, CLtudms brother ofC<«««ifurnamed (,au- 
 dex, and hUr. Fuhifts Ftaccus. In hke manner 
 Livy, VatercftlHs-, and W//?;' in his book of fa- 
 mous men.* as alio AppiannSyFlorsts^Frontinus 
 in his 1 book of Stratagems, £«fr(?;7»af,Ore//«;» 
 and Ciifflodorus. 
 
 SEeihg that we fettle the Confulfliipofihe 
 lormer year, in Pguhius and Fabius Pi[iort 
 and that upon the authority of EMfro/j/wx, ftie 
 Greek records, Cu^iman-, Zo>tarM, Onuphriits, 
 and others ; we will fet down for this years 
 
 Coafuls , P. Sempronius and ^pp. CUudiaSf 
 whom Vellcttts\n hisfirlt bookcalleth, Serf/pre- 
 nitis Sophus'iind AppiHiiheioxi oiCacusi The 
 Grefek tccotds^Sfmprouim RufusSophus : ahd 
 CuS^inians book Rufm. Moreover, this alfo 
 GofrisirWigiveth us tounderlfand, that the fur- 
 name of this ScThpronius is in old peeces of coin 
 found Written without zh afpiration [Sopus; ] 
 which is no rate thing to be feen in fuch anti- 
 quities : for wc read in others of them, PhUp- 
 pus, Tantpilus-, GmccuSf Pulcer, TriH/npus, for 
 PhilippfisJTamphilHSi Gracchus) Pulcher^Trifim- 
 plms, and fuch like. 
 
 487 
 Qv* V A^-Aitilias. L. JuliHJ tibo. 
 
 pft/wpwputteth down for Confuls, If. v^fti'^ 
 liMs and L.JhUms Libo. The Sicilian regiftcrs, 
 Re^nlusiad Libo. CaJftod»>-us, Af.Attilius dXid 
 hhdiHt. And borh of them are taken forth of 
 the records of capitol triumphs. 
 
 Vi'.KileriKS. 
 
 491 
 
 y\.\OtAciliits, 
 
 CAjfifdorusind Eutropius fliew unto US, that 
 M'.ri«/mx' and M'.OcacJius wereConf, 
 Zon4rai nameth (Valerius Max, and Otacilms 
 Crajfus. Cuffi:iuns Kalenderand the Siciiiad 
 records, lAAx.MefUa zndCrafHs. Of thefc 
 Qon{\\\%',l^er.FUccns^olybiHt-,C,^jfiodorus Eutro- 
 p:»Sy and hi.icrobius out ot f'Wro make report. 
 As fot hUcrobitii, he rendretha reafon, why 
 'hV.y^lerifts was in this government ot his na- 
 med lAef.'U : and P/'*?)- likewile > in his list 
 book and five and thirtieth chapter. 
 
 L, Voflbtmitts, Q^ Uumilifis. 
 
 C^AJfitdorus and Polybms put down for nexc 
 ., Confuls, L. Vojlttmins and Q^ Afamiluis, 
 ZoniirM nameth ihcm, Voflh'tmttis Albiniiszx\d 
 Q^untus }Anmtlti:s. The Sicilian regitiers, v^/i-- 
 nMs and l^it:>lMs- but the capitol monuments, 
 t. ^oftunitus Ion ofLticittSi nephew of Lu-ciusy 
 furnamed Men^eiJiis, and Q, M<jw;//,'-'j fon ot Q^ 
 ncpbew ot M, furnamed Vitvlns, 
 
 V V V V 
 
 493
 
 I044 
 
 The Qhronolo^e 
 
 hyderms. 
 
 493 
 
 T.Otaalms, 
 
 Ch. Cornelius, 
 
 497 
 
 C. Jttilitit, 
 
 POlybitu and CAJfiodorusmiuh togetVei in 
 the Confulat for this year L.Fah* tui.)d 
 T.Otacilins : the furname of VaUrim h f lace /, 
 and of Otaciiius, Crajfw, as it appearetb upon 
 the capitol and Sicilan records. 
 
 494 
 J C». QorneliHs, C. Duilifu, 
 
 CAjfiodorus and ZomrAi bring in for Cofl". 
 Cn.CorntiiUi and Q.Builtus. In like man- 
 ner alfo ?olyhtm , but only that in lieu of S'ul- 
 ?./©- he hath kHi©-. The Sicilian Regilters 
 fiiew Sf/).'oand DmLns. C«. HoryieUpu Sapio is 
 furnamitd d(o Ajtua. bythecapital writers O- 
 ro/im, E.'-.tropiMi, and Faleritu in his fixt book 
 chap.io.of whiwh imvi^mt Manrohim writeth 
 thus in his firlt hook of Sarnrnalia: Thefur- 
 mmeoiAfn-.a (qd.he^ was given to iheOr- 
 ml.'i, for that the firfl of the Houfe Ca,;-ie/.a ha- 
 ving ei her bought land, or given his daughter 
 in marriage, when (afterthe lolemn manner) 
 he was required to put in good Uireties for fe- 
 curity, brought into the open market place a 
 (be afs laden with money, and pawned down 
 that ptefently in flead of pledges. 
 
 495 
 1 C.At^nilitu^on ofM. L.CorKelfUs(oa ofL. 
 
 THere arc nominated by C^jfiodorm for 
 Confuls,C.y?«7;<//<wand L.Qornebus. The 
 Sicilian regifters, florus and Sdpio, Zonartu^ 
 C.Tlortu and L. Scipio. Eutropitu and Oroptu^ 
 L.Cor»elim ^cipio, iodC. Aq ilr^s flortu, Po- 
 lyhim leaveth ihem out. The Capitoline mo- 
 numents agree with the Annals ot £w>-e/)//« 
 and Oytpiv. 
 
 496 , 
 
 k,AtiliusCalatifiSis, Q^Sttlpitttu.^. .'Iw.' 
 
 pOZ/tej avoucheth for this years Confuls, 
 A, Atil'Hs and C, S'ilpitiKS, CaJJiodorus^ A, 
 'jitili sCjlnlnui-,andC.Sulpitius. The Sicilian 
 Regifters and Qufpinia»s Kalender, CaUtinHs 
 and Vat(rcul:s. The capitol monuments, A, 
 jitilins Ca/a!i»''S and C, Si^dpttiHs ^atercnhis. 
 Zonaroi-, htili''S Calatinus.^ and Cai:{S Su.lpitius. 
 Of thefe Confuls, Pclyhim Cicero, f^alerins, 
 Tlorns, Frontinfis in his Stratagems, P/wythe 
 yoagtt.Gellii-s, Eutropius^indC^jfiodorMi make 
 mention. But concerning the forename of 
 Sulpitius Patereuiis-i the Capitoline tables dif- 
 agree one from another ; to wit, thofe that 
 cirry the records of the triumphs, from thofe 
 that fliew the Confulfhips and other magi- 
 firacies ; for in thefe latter monuments he is 
 called Qtfiyitus, in the former C<j/»/. Whereby 
 Go'tzjifis doth conjedlure , that one man was 
 not the author of both thofe records; namely, 
 nhe Triumphal and the Conl'ukr. 
 
 CAjftodorMs fheweih unto us, C«. Cerneliusy 
 and (,'. Atilitis Serranns, for Confulj : but 
 Polfhius, C.AtiliHs. The capitol tables, C. Ati- 
 ImsRegtiltis. C^/^^/w/i^w^ Kalender and the Sici- 
 lian regiHers,have RegstlaszxiA ^/^y/othelecond 
 time. But how AuUni fliould come by his fur- 
 name Se-rranaS:, VLny ftieweth in his 1 8 book, 
 faying ; In thefe dales the fields were tilled by 
 the very hands of L. Generals themfelves, and 
 a man verily would believe thereby, that the 
 ground ;oyed inalaureat plough-fhare and a 
 triumphant plowman. Him they found a fow- 
 ing, unto him they prefented thofe honorable 
 dignities, and fo took he his furname Serrams. 
 A» concerning Blafio, all authors well neerbe- 
 fides, approve the judgment ofCufpinian: buc 
 Colt:^ius fuppofeth, that he was not the fame 
 man that was Conful before ; and therefore he 
 writeth him ihefon of C. nephew ofL. with- 
 out putting to the numeral note II. 
 
 498 
 Q^CitditiHS. L.Manlius, 
 
 'J'He next Confuls that fucceeded, were (by 
 
 Cajfiodorus h\s iz'j'mo) Q^X 'edit ins zndL,, 
 iA(inli::s. The Sicilian regillers name themjf^«/- 
 fo and Q&ditius, Zonaroi , M, Regulds Slid L. 
 Manltas, Emropius^ M. Atilitts Rcgulns and £. 
 ManltHs Fftlfo : and Volybins, Ad. Atilius and 
 L,Maf7lius.lKfe^us in his 41 bookmaketh men- 
 tion of thefe Confuls. But ye muft underitand,; 
 that Q^.Caditius died whiles he was in office, 
 and M.Atilnts was fubilituted in his room^and 
 made Conful the fecond time; as appeareth 
 evidently by the capitol tables, wherein it ftan- 
 deth thus upon record, I«».M^»//«j^«//o Lff«- 
 guj : and in (lead of i^. Csditius., M. Atilms Re- 
 £tdis the fecond time: as alfo h'j CajpininKs 
 book, w herein is written, Loytgns and RcgnlHs, 
 
 M. %y£m}liHs Vaalns. Ser, Fnlvifis Nobilior, \ 
 
 T^Olybiiis fheweth for the Coff. this year, Ser, 
 
 FflviiiS-And M.Aemyli''^:. Cufpinia»sYi%\ta- 
 der, Nolit or and Paulus. The Sicilian rcgifters, 
 Vdtinus and Paulus, CiJJiodorus and EtttropiM^ 
 together with the Capitoline records;have Seva^ 
 FtUvias NobJior-, and M.&mylws Vanlus, 
 
 500 
 Qn,Cornelius, A. Atilius^ 
 
 CAffiodoriiS and Velybitts report for this 
 yearsConfuls, C«. Cor«^//»/and h.-^tili- 
 «/.The capitol autjiors write, A.htiliHsQalA- 
 tims the fecond time, and C». Qomelits Scifio 
 ^/<«i«likevvife a fecond time. As touching C«,. 
 Cornelitts Kfina twice Conful,thus writeth Va* 
 /m«jinhis fixt book : C«. Cornelius S. -^Jinti, 
 who being Conful, was taken prifoncr by the 
 Carthaginians at Lipar* when hehadbythc- 
 
 law-
 
 to T'itus Livius. 
 
 law of arms loft whatfoever he had , recovtted 
 all again, and was made Conful the lecond 
 time: foas, of a Conful he became a captive, 
 and ofa captive twice Conful. 
 
 ' • yoi 
 C», Serv.litts. C. Sempronius, 
 
 r^ Jjfiodoriu ir\d.Polyl7t!is put down for Con- 
 fuls, C». Servilius and C. Semproniw. The 
 Sitiiian regilkrs, Ca-pii} and BUftu. Zonoros-, 
 Serv'litu Cafto and C. Senfpro lirtf. Etttroptus 
 and OropM ■,Cn,Serviliut CcepiOfZnd Semprontm 
 BUfw, Ofthe fameConfuls,S(«/i/^w in his 50 
 book maketh mention, as alfo a Uone of the 
 Capitol, 
 
 502 
 Q.Aitreliia Cotta, P. Serrtlius, 
 
 Chfflodonfs bringeth in as Cofl". C' ■^'■'rel>m 
 Coit^, and V.Gcmimi. The Sicilian regi- 
 flers, Cotta nt\diGemi>nis: but thoieof the Ca- 
 pitol, C, Aureliw Cotta, and P. ServJms Cemt- 
 ntu. ZotiAras-) Pah, Servilita and C. Aurelnu, 
 CiceYo\T\\\\i book entituled L«<r.'>7/«,< vvritech, 
 that C. Qotta., together with P. Scrvilitu Gdnu- 
 f7Uf, was twice Conlul. Frontintu alfo in his 
 fourth bor k ot >tratagems, and likewile Oroft- 
 «*, make mention ot C. Lotta Confnl in Sicilj, 
 
 L . C-xcilhii MeteOus. V. fwws. 
 
 Vyo/ri't/fs fetieth'down forCoofuls, L.Cizcilt- 
 !:s Mctcllus, and Cn, Furins, The Sicihan 
 regilkrs, A-Ietcli and Vaaltu, Zoyianit^ Caci^ 
 lins Metdltts-i and C. Furins. C^fflodorks^'Lu: 
 Cacilins and C .Fcrtnt. Eutroptns , 0/»n«/, and 
 "a Capitol ftone, L.CtcaJlins AfeteUm, and<?». 
 F:iritis PAcihii. This is that l'f.Meti./l>s,iwkc 
 Conful and high prieH,ofwhom fZ/wy writeth 
 in his feventh book and three and fortieth 
 thapcer. 
 
 504 
 C,Atili!is Regains. L,MmUhs. 
 
 T^OhbiKs placeth for thk years Confuls,CMf<- 
 
 l:tis and t. Manlitts. C.^fiadortts, C. Atiltu-f ' 
 Rc^rlus, and L.iW.w/w; Oro/j«Tandacapitol 
 Hone, have C.Atrlius Regul-n, and L. At.ml.us'- 
 Ki'lffyhoth Coff. the fecond time. ZsKArtUi C. 
 yltibtts the brother of /Jf^«/«;,3nd L. Manlitts, 
 The Sidiian records, Kcgtdus and Vul^o, 
 
 1045 
 
 F.Cl-vii*'!!. 
 
 505 
 
 h. Jttrtids, 
 
 C 
 
 Jjfiodortu 3T\d Po/;^;«/mferforConfulsthe 
 next year, Vuh.CLtudins and Jj.Jrifiinf. Zo- 
 n.xras L.Ji-firis and C. Pulcher, Flams and Sue- 
 ta>rHt\nTil>eri''s, put to Cl.nid:}tf the fumamc' 
 of Vuleher ; and Ceyifori>ijis to Jutthis of Pi.ll.tt.->^: 
 which aKo are upon record in the Sicilian and- 
 capitoline tables. This V.Chridins,Ciccro(iD his" 
 booksofOivinaiiGn,andoftliemtureofgod^)' 
 (;slleth the fon oiApp: Cactts '.hut Pli»y(\a b'k'' 
 
 feventh bdok and chfee arid fdftietfi cKapfe'rl^ 
 nartiCth him his nephew or Ions fon. The Capi- 
 tol mitei'3 take pare with Ccero. Vat. M.zA/- 
 mits in his firtl book snd fourth chapter, Ipea- 
 keth of the fame Confuls. 
 
 506 
 P . Serwhf.s, C, AHreliHs 
 
 pOr Confnls this year , Cafftodorns putteth 
 ^ ,down \\ Scrvtlnis and C.h-.irdius. Curo in 
 his book Lnri:H:fs, fjith that thcl'e were twice 
 Conluls. Which alfo is apparant by the Capi- 
 tol! and Sidiian tables: in which their furnames 
 are to be feen, Gimimts II. and Co: i a II, 
 
 L, CacHitts. 
 
 507 
 
 Kf.Faiuta, 
 
 tT is recorded by C.ffiodarns, that the CoiiJ? 
 ■'■fills ot this year, were E, Cac;i:Hs znd N,Fabt- 
 us : but ZonaxM namcth them, CacUms Mete/- 
 l-:s^zndNiimeri'-'s Fabins. C.v/?'>W'«»t Kalender 
 and the Sidiian RcgiRers, ha^e them in this 
 manner ; MfrW/pi //. a:id Btitro Jl, But the ca- 
 pitoline tables fliew themthns,Z</rf;r/«yM«- 
 tcllns II, N. Fiibi'.is But CO 11, Vltav alforcpor'?. 
 reth in his feventh book, that lAetdhis \93$' 
 twice Conful. 
 
 50S 
 . M'. Ff.bius. M'.Cttciliiis. 
 
 ^JjfiodorHs fetteth down as Confuls, M'.f .!■- 
 biHsix\dM\ Ot^ciltus. The Sicilian Regi- 
 (lers, Craftis and LiciKitis, GelUus in his tench 
 book ^nd lixt chapter, hath F.Licimus ai?d Ota- 
 cdi'.is Craffiis. The Capitol marble Oones, M. 
 F.-.biiis Lictiitus^ and M". Ot.K.l:^:sCr.i(]''»s. Be- 
 fides, GclliHs'mi\\t place before alledged, Flo- 
 r«dikewife in his 19 Breviary upon L/w-.i ma- 
 keth mention of thei'e Confuls ; as alfo Suetoni- 
 us in Ttlcniis. 
 
 509 
 M.Fitlius. C.Atiliiis. 
 
 f '^ Apodoruf rcckoneth Ad^Fabins-, and C.Ati-- 
 /i/fj-, Coniuls for this year. The Sicilian ta-v 
 bles, Bfiteo and r>!ilb:is. But thole of the capi-j 
 toK M.F.ibiKt Bttteo, and C.AttliusBuLbhs.Oi 
 Fdbt: s the Confuls fliipwrack, FlorHs fpeaketh 
 cut of thenineteenthbookof Lt^y, 
 
 .I-.., v:'. ,510 
 
 A. Manlitts. C.Setnpronins, 
 
 ■pOr this years Conluls, C.ijfi^iAorus fettdE^ 
 forth unto us, A}Aa>jln'.s&Tid Q.Sempronius. 
 The Sicilian records, Tor^/6??''j and Blaf^s, Ck-.- 
 (pimans book hath httihi-s and B'Ufas, The capi'f ' 
 toline tables fliew'>-?. A^.-yJinsTor^jmitHs ^tti^ 
 CHS, and Q.SewproiijiS Bl^ftu II, 
 
 511 
 C.FundAKhs, C.S/'lpitist', ■ 
 
 r^ yJftodarfts^\itftihd6vit\y C.F-ndAninf, and! 
 C.S;//p/«/Ai6r-Confuls. The Sicilian wri- 
 
 V V V V 7. tefSj
 
 1046 
 
 TheCromlogie 
 
 tets, fundulus zvdGallHS. The Capitol monu- 
 ments, C, Ft*»danius Vundttlus^ and CMIp*ti»s 
 Gallm, Node beHdesmake mention of them, 
 
 51a 
 
 C.Lmatius Catttlftf, A. Foflumitts. 
 
 r\Jfiodortu delivereth unto us for Cocfuls 
 this year,^.Lw<jr»«/ and yi.Foftnmins. The 
 Sicilian records, Catulus and Albtntts. Eufo- 
 fiuSf and the capitol marbles, C.LutatthsCei' 
 thlus, and A,Peji»milts Aiyinui. 
 
 Q^utatiut Cereo. 
 
 h.J^MliUS. 
 
 C\Jjfiodorus^ Eutropias^ and OroftMs, fliew for 
 conl'uls thiy year, ^ Lutatius, and A.Man' 
 lins. The Sicilian rei.oids,Cfrfo and Tor<^M.itfts, 
 They of the capitol, Q^Lutatitts Cereo.^ 3rd A*t, 
 Jl^anlitts Ttrquattis htticus II. Indeed C. Lu- 
 tatiiis Cereoy is named for an EmbafTador by 
 JL/i7inhis42 book. 
 
 CtClMidiia Centho. M'Sempro»ius* 
 
 TTOf this year there were Confuls, C. ClAudius 
 ■^ Centho^ iadM.Sempronifts 7 W»t^»«/, accor- 
 ding to CflfiodorHS and the capitol writers. The 
 Sicilian records teflify alfo the fame furnames. 
 of thefe confuls likewife, behdes the capitol 
 Writers,C(cffro fpeaketh inhisC<«foand Brutt^s, 
 where he calleth this year f according to the 
 judgment of AtticustVihthoVarro alto agreeth) 
 the 514 year from the foundation ot the city; 
 as alfoinhis firft Tufculan qiieliion. So doth 
 Gf//»K^ lybook 21 chap. and C 0odori'S. - 
 
 Ci Mamilhs, Qj^deriHt. 
 
 ^Ext there fallowed in confuls place, as wit- 
 
 ^ neflethC-i/T'"^'"^'*''?^'''*^'""'^'"''' ^"d Q\Va- 
 Urtu5:\>'cx according to the Sicilian regiliers, 
 Ttirrintu and Fdco' and atter the capitol re- 
 cords, C. M.I »»'//;<.• TurrinHtj itid Qj. F'ahrii-is 
 Faico. "btC-idi-SiVcrriH! Flaccus ivdCffiodorttSy 
 GelliHs alfo rhaketh mention of thefe Coff. in 
 his iybook.ind 21 chapter. SodothC/Vfroin 
 Brutus and the Ti;f uLnqueftions, in which 
 year they fay, that £»/.». Jthe Poet was born. 
 
 516 
 
 T.Sempronius, P. VaUriut, 
 
 pOr the year following,C^_^tf^cr»j-hath con- 
 fuls, T'Sempromns and PValtrins, Gracchus 
 and Faleof in Culp$ma-.t Kalender and the Sici- 
 lian records. Zo;»4>-<aavoucheth,Sf»;;j. Grac- 
 th<s,Md P.Kilerius, The capitol writers, have 
 T. Sempromus Gracchus., and P.Valeritit Faifo* 
 OrofiHs fpeaketh of thefe confuls. 
 
 517 
 
 L. Cornelims. Q^.Fttlviftt. 
 
 j^Ext to them, Cafflodorus reporieth for 
 confuls, I.Cornclmt iod Q. Fulviff/, Zq- 
 
 nai«s^ L.LeKtfJusmdQ^F/accus. EutropsMS., 
 Z,. C rxelw Lentp lus., and Ci.. Fnlvius Flacots, 
 Jhi. :apitolregilkrs givetoZ.f«r?//«/, the fur- 
 name C^andenHS : and therefore in Qufpiniant 
 Kalender, they Hand by the names ofCa^dims 
 and FlaccMs. As for the Sicilian regiftets, they 
 leave them out clean. 
 
 CLicinitfs, 
 
 518 
 
 ?.Cor>!elitif. 
 
 f^Affiodorus putteth down for confuls, C. Li- 
 CKiUS and V.QomeiitiS. Zoytaras^ P. Lentw 
 1ms and LicimHs Varus, The capitoline wri- 
 ters CLicitii'^sVartis, indP.CerneliUjhenta- 
 hs C^ di us. In 'ike manner Ceyiforintts ; who 
 reckor.cth this for the 5 1 8 year after the cities 
 foundciion; following herein the computation 
 C^^''arro^" tcero^ZTid Plmy* Cujpiyiians Kikadet 
 
 ard the Si ilian regifters, name them QUndiui 
 and Fartis, - 
 
 T, M d'us Torcjiiams. C. htilms, 
 
 THis year had for confuls, as Cagkdorm 
 faith, TM-'inlitts Toreji.atus^ and C. A^i/ir 
 u$. The Sicilian ret ords, fliew Tor^«rff«s and 
 Bulh:'!S' but Eutrcp «s, Orojius, and the capi- 
 toll Taoles fhew . T.M^^tes Ttrq-iatus., and C. 
 P^iilius Bulhu%: unto Bffiims The capitol re- 
 cords put to the numeral note II. When T. 
 lAau/iUS Tor^uatuS and C Attlius Bulixsths 
 fecond lime were cofl. according to FerrtMS 
 Placets, Eutroptfis, OroJiuSftnd CJficdoi-us^-ind 
 tliat there was peace throughout allthe em- 
 pire- of ^o»«f, the Temple of Ji«««s was fhuc 
 the fecond time, asP/^rrfrc/jfheweth inATiw- 
 ma', 3,5 L/'j'/^libjF#'//«»Sj£»frtfp'»Sj andO/ff/j- 
 »s, do^eltify. >; ^ 
 
 ■A 
 
 J20 
 
 L. Vrflumif'-S. Sp. CiirviliuS, 
 
 Q^Affiodorus namerh for confuls this year, I J 
 Pi.fi 17,1 »5 and Sp.C^rvilfus. The Sii.ilian 
 Regitiers have hlltnus and Ruga. Zonarasy 
 Pofiurt'iu^ Alhiyi/ts, and S.p, Qarvtlim. The ca- 
 pitol writers have L. PofihuMi>isA/l)ifttis,iad 
 Sp. Carvtlius Maxi»)us.;Thit R»/rf was afiir- 
 name to the CarzuiH, appeareib out oiGcUiuSi 
 who m^keih mention oi Sp.C^arvdiKsRu^a, 
 who at this time was the firft that divorced his 
 wife. ■. .. ' 
 
 521 
 
 Q, FahiuS. M'. Pomponiui, 
 
 Q\SJftodorus putteth down for confuls, Q..F^' 
 hiu$ and yi'.Vompontus, The Sicilian re- 
 cords Maximus and iAntho, The capitoline 
 writers have Qi^Fahiui Maximus Ferrucojus, 
 ZDdM.Vomponius Matho, Zoftaros hzth Q^.Frf- 
 iius Max. and M.Vomfonins. The furnameo£ 
 lAaximus, this Fal/ius took of his grand-tather, 
 and was not himfelf the firft of that name, 
 whatfoever Volyhhn wiiteih in his third book.
 
 .I^tai 
 
 fo Titus Livius. 
 
 Verruco^H! he was called befides of a wert upon Capkol records reprcffcht P.P^alerius Fl ^ccus^ 
 his lip^at Vlutarch witneffethjand he that wrote and _M. AtUhis Re^ulu). GciUus wriceth of theiri 
 
 1047 
 
 — rj - 
 
 che treatifc of Famous men. 
 
 in his 4 book and 3 chapter. 
 
 M, Lepidfis, 
 
 522 
 
 M. VoplieiHt'^ 
 
 i^tiluJ 
 
 L, jipuflius. 
 
 52S 
 
 M.FltUrfHt^ 
 
 MArctis Lepidas and M. VopUeius are repu- 
 ted to be Confuls this year by Caffiodo- 
 rtu. The Sicilian regifters have Leptdus and 
 lAaUtol::s, Zonaras haih M.HaHeelns 3ndM. 
 RmyitHs. The capitol cables fliew M. S^mjlim 
 hepiitis and M.Poplicius, ^ 
 
 N 
 
 Ext after, Cajfiodorus putteth L. Apifiiu} 
 and }A,Valerf:ts Con.uls.The Sicilian tables 
 yiavimus and Ap'tfitus, The Capitol monu- 
 ments L.ApuftiHs Fi'Uoy and hhyaUr. Mef.ila^ 
 
 C.AtiliMS, 
 
 52? 
 
 L. Aemilihs, 
 
 CVapiriftsl 
 
 523 
 
 A^. VomponiuS, 
 
 isi 
 
 Ext after this were created Confuls, C. Pa- 
 pirius and M' Pomponins according to C<a/- 
 fiodorust ZoyiArost and DwKyfms in his fecond 
 book. The Sicilian regifters (hewM^/oand 
 Matho. But the Capitol records have C. Vapi- 
 rius Mafo and M.,Pompo;ims Matho. Of CP<«f J- 
 rtus, fon of C.furnamed Mafo, a Pontify or Bi- 
 (hop,Z,<z>/ fpeaketh in the year 540, 
 
 524 
 
 M.&mjlius, M.Jmius, 
 
 ZOnArtu and dtffiodorus exhibit unto Us for 
 Confuls, M. j£r»yli!is and M.Ji*mus. The 
 Sicilian regifters,5<jr^«/<i and Vera. The Capi- 
 tol recordsj lA,&myU:is BarlfMla and lA.jHnius 
 Vera. 
 
 L. Pofiumins, Ck, FulvtMS, 
 
 <r^ Affiodorus fetteth down L.Voflumius and 
 C». FhIvius as Confuls. The Sicilian re- 
 cords AlhinHi and Centuntahis. But thofe of 
 the Capitol, and Eutropius, prefent unto us L. 
 PoftnmiHS tdbtnut and C», Fulvius Centuma- 
 lnt, ^oljbitts nameth ^M.Fnhius and A.Voflii- 
 mitts, 
 
 526 
 
 ^ Ft^iHS II. Sp.Carvilifti, 
 
 THere are by C^Jfiodorus nominated forCon- 
 fuls this year ; Qu. Fabius Maximr^s the fe- 
 cond time, and Sp.CarvUtus. The Sicilian regi- 
 fters Maximxs and R-^^a. The Cipitol writers 
 let alfo unto Carvihu) Maxim^s the mark and 
 numeral note of a double Confulfliip.^ Ctcero in 
 his book entituled Cato likewifc in his fecond 
 book of Rhetorical invention, maketh mention 
 of thefe Confuls, and fo doth y.ileri»s]Dhis 
 chaptcr,difcourfing of the kindnes and affedio- 
 jiate duty of children to their parents. 
 
 TMmcdiatly followed Confuls, C.AtUtusiTA 
 L. R,m)ltns^ is Cajfiodoms znd Polybiasda 
 witnefs: whom the Capitol writers call, C„ 
 jitiliMS Regulus-f and L.&mylius Vupas, The Si- 
 cilian regiliers. Regains and P^pus. Zonsrasy 
 Re^Hly.i and R,mjlms. Ot ihefe Confuls alfo 
 Ore,/7«/ maketh mention: anu P/ >;> in his third 
 book and twentieth chapter » where unirul'f 
 men read VaulHsioi Vapas, 
 
 T. yiti»li'.:s. 
 
 530 
 
 Cl,FuhiusII. 
 
 "THe year following had Confuls T. Mrf;;/;/,'i 
 and Q^, Fnhiiis the fecond time, according 
 to Q^ffiodorHS and Volybim-. and as Orofias faith, 
 T. Ma»ltiis TorcjHAtus and Q. Fnlvi»s flaccus, 
 C«/^/»/<j«/tabIes,togetherwith the Capitoiins, 
 have TcrijHatus che fecond time, and Fltccm 
 likewife the fecond timejfl^iewing the furname^ 
 onlyofihefeGofl^, 
 
 531 , 
 C, FUminiHs. V. Far ins VhilfiS, 
 
 ^A[fi3dorHs fetteth down for Cofl". C. Flami- 
 niHszndLP.Fur MS. So doih Po/ybii^s. Zoka- 
 r4(f nameth tbtai Flami^iusAnd Furtns. Pltt-^ 
 tarcb likewife in Marc-elltis. The Sicilian tables 
 name them Flaminiuf and Philns. But thecapi- 
 lol records, C.Flamifjms^ and P.Fffri:<s Phili:sj 
 
 MMarcellt's, C». Cornelias, 
 
 f^AJJiodornj njmeth for the next Confuls, 
 Jsi.Marcell.-ts 2.nd C>j,Cor»eliu.;. P / /•/«/, &1. 
 Cla-'dtas and Ck. Cornelias. Tlic Sici.ian regi- 
 fiers Scipio and l»\arcel/tis. Zonaras-, Qlas<dn*j 
 hiarcfllus and C". Scipio, Eutropias^M.Chr.ditss 
 MarcellHs-,tiudCn.Co-"i€li s Scipio. TheCapi- 
 toll tables M.Cl n^diusMarccllus and Cn. Corner 
 bus Scipiodhy.s, This is chat \A.irc'lli'.s^ who 
 was five times Conful : and this is that Sapioy 
 who afterwards with his brother Scipt-o war. 
 flain in Spain by AfdrnbalihQ Carthaginian, 
 
 Pyderius'* 
 
 ?*7 
 
 W.Atilifti\ 
 
 -TP, 533 
 
 P. Cor He lifts. MMiKUtths. 
 
 *ir*Hefeartfet dowobyC<ij^04i;»-«j forCoff. '. 
 
 f JL this year, P. Valerius iod M^Atilcs. The ^-Affiodorf-s flieweth for this years Confiikj 
 
 Sicilian regifters, have Flftcc-'s and Re?»ltis, The C emctiy-s and M.M/3«f»«/. So doth Zonit- 
 
 Vvvv 3 
 
 X^
 
 TbeCronologie 
 
 rOi.Thc Sicilian rcgifters have Sdpio and Rttft^, 
 Eutrofiut hath f,Cornilius and MMtnutms 
 Hftfta . Ctig) intam book h/i»a a nd Fufm . Sigo- 
 ntm and OnHfhrius\>oi\i-, do think that this P. 
 CorneliMi Scipio hfina was his fon, who in the 
 firft Punickwar was twice conful. And verily 
 Lit//, in the year 543 maketh mention of F, 
 Cornelius ^y7>2^jan honorable Scnatorjand who 
 bad been conful. 
 
 t.VetHrtUS. 
 
 534 
 
 C. Ltitmiuit 
 
 Terentitti farro^ and £.myli*is Vaulus, Liv/i 
 Ca£iodornS, and others, C TereMins yarroyHad 
 h.JE,m)iifis Vaulits. Gf/r^'w/ noteth, that the 
 father of C. TerentiusV^rra-, WaS OI\Q Aulas, a 
 
 thing by others paffed over. 
 
 539 
 
 L. P'jthumifii Jilbims. Ill, 
 M'CIaudiHslAarcellns. II. 
 Q^abtHS MaximHs, III, 
 1 .Semfromns Grdcchut, 1 
 
 CJjfiedorHs and ZoKtirat exhibit unto us for 
 confuls, L. r>f ;/?-/«/ and C. LtttattKs. The 
 Sicilian regiflers Vhih and CatttlKs. Cn^imant 
 book Vhilo and SctvoU. 
 
 535 
 
 M. Ltvius. L, JEmytiHs. - 
 
 'T'He confuls next following were M. Livius 
 ■^ and L.AmjlifiS-, as C/?/}«^«)-«jwitnefleib. 
 Cufpinians book and the Greek records fliew 
 SdiKntor^ndi Paidut, Zo.iartUt M.Livius zad 
 JEmrlins Vau!j4s. fliny maketh mention of thefe 
 confuls in the 29 book andfirflchapr. 
 
 536 
 
 V.CorneliHS Scipio. T.Umfrontus hongus. 
 
 C^ Affiodorut and Tolyhins put do w» for con- 
 fuls V.Qornclifis ahd "t.StmpYOytius. ZonarM.^ 
 SempromHs LoKgus it)d P .Scipio. The Sicilian 
 records, i-o»^«/ and Scipio. Liv/yEtttropufs^Pro- 
 Imj^ Oro/tus, and Padianus-, name them P. Cor- 
 neliMi Scipio, and T.SemprontHs Li?»fK^. ■Whiles 
 thefe were confu.s, the fecond Punick war 
 arofe, as writers have delivered unto us in their 
 chronicles. 
 
 557 ^ .. 
 
 C>/. ServiliHS GcmtnrJ. CFlaMiniMS, 
 
 THen followed c<i«fuls, as PotybiMS, C^fflodo' 
 rus. and Livy write, C«. Sirvdms^ together 
 with C.FLirni>iiiss. But the two laft named, as 
 alfo the Sicilian reglRers, have given to Servi- 
 lius the furnamc 0} Gcminus. C.FUminius now 
 fecond timcconiul, with like pride as hereto- 
 fore, entered into his magiflracy in the Ides of 
 iAarch not at Rome but at Ariminum, The fame 
 man, in negleft and contempt of the Aufpicia 
 or (igns of birds, at what time as he made head 
 and went againft hnnihd coming into halyt 
 fought a battel at the lake Thrafymenust where 
 his army was wholly defeated and himfelf loft 
 his life: into whofe place -^. Atilius Regulus^ 
 who had been conful before, was fubf^ituted. 
 Jbus much out of Livy and ?olybi»s, 
 
 ' 538 
 
 C.TtrtHtiHs Farro. L.x/£myliUs Vanlns, 
 
 F^Ext to thctnP^//^/»xbringeth in L.&myli- 
 ^ us and CTerentiMS for confuls. The Sicilian 
 rejiflers,P«"/w and y^wre, Vint arch mVatttutj 
 
 .«■ I 
 
 f '•»; reporteth that the confuls eleft for this 
 "ear, whefi M. Junius the Dictator held the 
 foicmn affembly fortheeleflion, wsTcLuciut 
 Pofllittmias Albinns the third time,who as then 
 ruled the province of Gaf<l> and T. Sempronius 
 GracchMs-) who had been maflerof thehorfe- 
 men: and that Vofihumius before that he entred 
 into governmentjWas by Annibd in France en- 
 tironcd and flain, in whole flead M. Marcellus 
 was fubrogated conful now the fecond time : 
 whd upon information given by the Augurs, 
 that his creation was not good, refigncd : and 
 commonly the NoWes^ave out and faid, That 
 the Gods were not well pleafcd,that two com- 
 moners were then firft chofen confuls : where- 
 upon in the room oi^nneUuty Qjtintui Fabius 
 Maximus was chofen conful the third time. 
 Thus write hivy and Plfft/./ch. And for this 
 Caufe it is that Cdfsiedoras, Oroftuiy and Etttro" 
 fius do put down for this years confuls, T.Sem- 
 pronhssand Q^.Fabim, 
 
 540 
 Q. Fabifts. IV. M.QlaftdiHi Marcillus. II I. 
 
 T Ivy^ Plutarch^ and Cafsiodorus, fet out for 
 confuls this year, Q^ fabius Maximus thz 
 fourth lime, and M.CLmdtus MarceUus the 
 third time. Moreover , Cicero oftentimes and 
 FrontirtHs in his fecond book of ftratagems, 
 ^ake mention of thefe confuls. 
 
 Qj Fi^him M<j.v./e« ofWerrucofus, 
 T.Sempronitts Gfftfchus, II, 
 
 A Gainft this year were both the confuls crea- 
 ted in their abfence, namely, Q^. Fsb. Max. 
 the fon of Vemiclm-, and T .Sempronius Grac- 
 chus the fecond time : as Livy teftifieth and C<?/- 
 Jiodoruj, together with the Sicilian regifters. 
 This F^bifs hid beenPretor the former year : 
 and Gracchus conful two years before. Thefe 
 confuls Gellius nominateih out of Q,uadrig/iri' 
 Hs, the fecond book and fecond chapter. Like- 
 wife Cicera and ^altrins, 
 
 54a 
 App, Claudius Pulelur. 
 
 Q^. fulvius Flaccus. Ill, 
 
 T^He confak created for tbi« year by the Di- 
 
 ftator , were Qmintus Tulvus FUccus th« 
 
 third time, who then was mafkr of the horfc- 
 
 men, and Appitts ClAudrnt^f nlchtr % who i»
 
 /(? Titus Li vius. 
 
 hisprctotfhip was L. deputy inStdlj^isLivyy 
 Plutarch in Ftbifs, Caffiadorus.jiad Fejiuj in his 
 17 book do witnefs. " 
 
 543 
 C, Shlpitiiis GAiii. tn. Fuh/ikis CcntMimiliis, 
 
 VPon the rcceit of certain letters, theCorv- 
 fuls agreed together, that Claudtm fl^ould 
 hold the eledion for magiftrats and fee it fi- 
 nifhed, whiles Fmlvius remained (UU before 
 Capua. CUiidiMt crested for confuls, C». f «/- 
 vUti Qenttfn).'t[nJ-> andi*, Su/pttim ['oaof Servi- 
 «/, and furoamed Qalbat who before time had 
 born no flate- office of the chair. Thus wriieth 
 Livita. The {ameconfulsalfoCoj/T'oierw/dodi 
 deliver. Oroftui likewife and Fc^w/inhisi? 
 book. The Sicilian records declare G4/A<» and 
 XLintum !/v/. As forS. Su/picifit, he is named in 
 bis fccond confuifhip, as it appeareth upon re- 
 cord in the capitolj the fon of S^r. nephew of 
 Ttiblins furnanied Uclb^ MrfAww. 
 
 544 ^' 
 
 ^fyAl.1*viHus. ir, lA.QlAHdiHsyiarctllHsjr, 
 
 T Ivy^Sextfn PompciMi^l^aUrius Mttximtfs^Plft- 
 t.trchf Fl»rf*s, Eutrop.msi and Oroftus^do pre- 
 fent for confuls this year, M.C./..«(^;«/ tAarcetlns 
 .and M.f^alcr.us L<£vtntti. Now this is MarcellAt 
 his fourth confulfliip, as Plutarch and Ltvy 
 write : but Qajftodorus frth, that he was but the 
 third time with ^.ralertu s Lnvinus ^sivin^ out 
 thnt confulfhipwhichhebarenot through,be- 
 Caufe of the ertour in his creation : and yet is 
 it one of the five that he is reported to have 
 born. £-/•?/; if) the nine and twentieth and thir- 
 tieth books, writeth that yi.VJerius was twice 
 conful. In like mapner, the book oiCmfptnian 
 hath for this year, Marcellus the fourth time, 
 and L.ci;»««; the fecond time. And therefore 
 Otiuphritts fuppofcth that his firflconfulat vras 
 in the year five hundred four-and-thirty: and 
 his fccond, now. Of him P»/;^»«/and C/Vf-'e 
 ijnake mention. 
 
 545 
 
 Q^FMus \Aaxim»s, V. 
 Q.Fnhius FUcius. IV, 
 
 T He confuls for this year created, wereQ^ 
 Fahius the fifttime, and (XiFukiuiFUc- 
 /•//J the fourth lime, the fame man who being 
 Didlator, held the aflembly for that eIe>5lion; 
 Qs Livy and Q.ijfiodorus do witnefs. The Sici- 
 lian records fet forth fabius and Fhtccus. 
 Whiles thefc were confuls, C'Cirro in his Ora- 
 tion agaioft RnUus-, faith that Capua was won : 
 and yet Livy hath reported it two years be- 
 fore. Of thefe confuls Kilerins iMo-, together 
 with Vhtarchy Emrepins ^ atid OrofiHS have 
 madt mention. 
 
 1049 
 
 54<5 
 }A.Clandius Marcellus, V, 
 T, Q^int lUt Crifpinus, 
 
 I 
 
 N the eleventh year ofthePtjjuckwarj there 
 cntred into their confuiniip.Nt.M.z^-cf//*/ jhc 
 ptt time (io ye reckon that con itiifliip which 
 Upon an error in the creation he i.c^ t not) and 
 7 .QuinttHsCrtfpinnt . So faith L/iy. Vlfitarch 
 alibnameth Majcdlut rhefift time and C^r.j;/;*- 
 nus. But C:iJJlodor:ts reckoncth Marccllusbxxt 
 the tourth time with Cilpinus, pafTio" over 
 that faulty confulat of his. Moreovc'r thefe 
 confuls are mentioned by Cicero rtilcr''(s, PLr 
 «««/the yonger, Vrchus.^ Ef:tropipfs-, and Orojius: 
 who alfo report that they both were forelaid 
 and iotrapped in ambuQ; by AKnib.U: in fo 
 much as M.ircdlut was prefcntly flaiu ia the 
 place,3«idiJ«w//</fled fore wounded, - ■' 
 
 -a 
 
 547 
 
 C,Clandius Nero. . 
 M, \JviHi Sirlinator, 
 
 WHen the LL.. of the Senat caft about 
 to fee whom they fliould create con- 
 fuls, behold, the moft eminent and (jngulat 
 man above all others, was C.O^tidius Nero: 
 unto whom was joined ^s companion in go- 
 vernment. M.Lwi?/, whomany years befoft,-, 
 upon a confulat that he had boin, was by the 
 judgment of the people condemned ; and al- 
 moft eight ye»rs after his condemnation was 
 by Marcus tAarccllus, and }Aarc^t<'L^v,H;t'nz^ 
 confuls, reduced into thecity. In like manner, 
 the Sicilian Regifters name for confuls, Nera 
 and Sattnator. The capitol records fhewO/V.s 
 QhudtHs Nero, with M.LhmsSaliKneor. 
 
 548 
 
 Q..Cdici!i>ff'Mete(lfts, 
 l^yeturius Vhilo, 
 
 LIyy,Cafiodorui-, and the records of the Ca- 
 pitol, exhibit unto us for confuls this year, 
 Lycturiut ?hilo, and Q^.C<scili.'fs Wtellits. ThlC 
 Sicilian regifters, Metel/.ts and ?hilo. Over and 
 befides, of thefe confuls Ocero many a time and 
 often, V^ileriHi-, VI 'tarc,h in y^fricanns, -^ppt.i- 
 MW^io /beric::s, Vliny inhis 7 book .j^3 chap.do 
 make mention. 
 
 549 
 
 P. Cornelittt Seipio. , 
 P. Lic/fiifn Cr//ttf. 
 
 TUcius VeiHriHs Vhilo held the afreml)ly for 
 creation of Magiflrats , wherein all the 
 centuries in general, with exceediog great fa- 
 vour nominated Pub/, MS Scipio for coni'vU and 
 to him was joined in governmentj^ P. Lic*f, 
 niui Cri'lfas^ the fuprcam pontify. Thus faith 
 Lit//. The Sicilian table-: have Seipio with Cr^f- 
 f's. The capitol records fliew '?. Cameltut 
 
 SapiOy
 
 1050 
 
 TbeCrowlogie 
 
 ^cr/pwjfurnamed afterwards Africanust with P. 
 Lieiniiu Cra f us the tich, ofvihom Cfiffiedorffn 
 likewife and Cicero in Brfitia do fpcak. 
 
 550 
 
 M,CorneliMCethegM. ?,Sempr. Tuditafius] 
 
 Ji'vyt Cajfiodortii, and the capitol records do 
 ■"^name for Confuls this year, V.Semfroniut 
 TnditAnMs^ and MjCoryielitu Cethegtu . The Si- 
 cilian regiflers, Cnhegtu and Tuditantu-i of 
 whom Cicero in Bruttu-,PlHtareh,EHtropitu and 
 Caffiodorus do often limes make mention. In 
 this year V.^cipio Najica, jadgsd by the Senate 
 the beft man in the city^receivcd dame ld<ga, 
 
 551 
 
 Cu. ServiliHS Capio, C, ServHitui 
 
 "f/vy and Caffiodorttt together, with the'Sid- 
 lianrecords and capitol monumcncs,put un » 
 to usfor ConfulSiC^jSecw/za* Capio and C.Ser- 
 viliui. Of which twain C*;>«9 had been Pretor 
 in the year 548, and Servtliw in 547. This 
 year died Q^Fabius Max : and Anmbal with a 
 fad cheer and heavy heart departed out oi Italy 
 into Jfrick. by commandment of certain dele- 
 gate Embaffadors, in the feventeenth year of 
 the lecond Punick war, 
 
 Tih,QlitMditu Nero. M.ServilmGeminuit 
 
 jyj Arcw Servilitu Geminas, and Tib.Clmdita 
 Nero wcreCoff.this year according toLivy^ 
 Cajfiodorut, andthecapitol records, in which 
 ServtUm Qandeth furriamed Pttlex, Geminut, 
 The Sicilian tables have Nero with Servilitu. 
 In thefe Confuls year, Annibdw^i'm Afr.ek, 
 by Scipio overthrown, and a fecond peace made 
 with the Carthaginians, as Volybim.,Ltvy^Pln' 
 tarch, Appianj and Emropius do report. 
 
 55 
 
 -ra 
 
 555 
 
 h.CoryieUmhentttlm. V ,VtaiusTappulus\ ■ 
 
 THis year had for Confuls, L.Cer»f//«and 
 P. Vtllius^ as Cnjfiodortu writeth : but ac- 
 cording to Livy and the capitol monuments, 
 LentulHs and TappulHs: after the Sicilian re- 
 cords, L,Cor»eli»s Lenthlus and P. P'tllms Tap- 
 ftilHs. Of P. VtUius Conful, Plutarch maketh 
 mention in Quinmr^ 
 
 ^_ 556 
 
 T.^tHtiMs Flamimiis. Sex.v^linsVatfis^ 
 
 Llvj^Cdfftodorus-) the capitol records, toge-- 
 iher with Vfutarch in Qwntius^ report un- 
 to us for confuls this year, T.Qumtins FLmim-' 
 us and Sext, Elms V<zms. The Sicilian tables, 
 Flaminins and Patus. P//«7 in his book ot fa- 
 mous men, faith (but not without feme error) 
 that this FlmtntHS w3s the fon of that C. Fla" 
 mintHS who was flain at Thrajjmenhi. Where- 
 as in deed this man was defcended of the noble 
 Patritian houfe of the Qttmii^ the other of the 
 family of_F/(«»w/»i«, bo better than commoners. 
 Now this Sex^ ty£lius Patf/s is the man of 
 whom Cicero giveth this report out of the poei; 
 £»»ius : 
 
 Tbu Scxtus JElius in nmds, C&tusfurnm'dyefee, 
 A tporthy wight for wifedome rmeji di/creet man was hei 
 
 And therefore in the capitol tables he is called 
 'PdtHs Qat0s. 
 
 CCorMeliHsCethea::s, Q^.MimttHS Rufnt^ ' 
 
 |N this year Q.Cornelius Cethegui^znd Q^, M<- 
 *-Mttus were confisls, after Livy^ CaJJi^dorust 
 andthecapitol marbles. Their furnames only 
 appear in the Sicilian regifters. And CicerOi 
 fpeaketh of them in ^r/^?«f. 
 
 55S 
 
 Cn. Qornelius hentnlHs, ^,^tms P&ml ^'F»rm Purpureo. M.Claudisis Uarce!ltts% 
 
 THisyearhad for Confuls, L.Turius Purpa- 
 reo, and M. Clmdtm Marcellus, acrordino 
 to LZ-y;-, Caffiodorns-, andthecapitol reordst 
 The Sicilian annals deliver unto us Porphyrea 
 and HarccllHs, ' 
 
 M,^ or tint Cato, L,Vdcriut VlaccHs] 
 
 "^J^krcHs fortius Cato and L.VJerimiieiiD' 
 ged Confuls this year, hyFerrius Fiaccus, 
 Cferoin many places, Livy, Vlmarch, ?liny, 
 Valerius, ProltsS; ^utropitis, OroftHh and C*?^fl- 
 dortis, 
 
 $6n 
 P.CornelittsScipio Kfrieantis. II, 
 T.Sempronim Lo»gt>iHs, 
 
 Vlvy^Capodorut^ihe monuments both of the 
 
 capitol and Sicily, match Confuls together 
 
 this year , P, CormliHs Scipio ^fricanus the 
 
 Ifecoqjf 
 
 ■ A Gainft this year were created Confuls, as 
 
 Livy [writeth, C«. Cernelitts Lentulus, and 
 P. &l,Hs ?atr:t. So faith Caftedoms alfo and 
 Vliny in his eighteenth book and eighteenth 
 chapter. In a broken peece of marble in the 
 Capitol, we find Le/^f///,// and P.AeltttsuD the 
 Sicilian regifters, LentulHs and P*t«s, Thefe 
 two were Pretors both in the year 550. 
 
 554 
 
 P.^ulpnius Gall>a, C,AureliHS fotta. 
 
 \J'vy and Coffiodorus put down for Confuls, 
 J' Sulpitius Galba, and C. Aitreliut Cotta. 
 This P.S«/;,iri»iintheyear 542wasfirftCon- 
 wU and C. Corr^i two years before , Pretor. 
 Thefe fame Confuls aretobe feeninthecapi- 
 tpll tables, but C/slU and Cotta in the Sici- 
 iian.
 
 ^^ Titus Livius. 
 
 T 
 
 fecond umz^iad T.Sempromtu Longut, O^thcra Livy and CtJuJorfts tcftify, together with the 
 Ctcero makcth mention in the oratioti of Cor^ Sicilian and capitol tables* 
 ttelitu accul'cd of felony, appearech in Padianm. . 
 
 S6i Ji^.&mylintLcptdHt. C.Ftamimfts, • 
 
 L.Cortteliiit Merula. CXiMiniitiusThermm. 
 
 LT^^^^^^tCoD(a\s,yNtttU.ty£myliusLepi» 
 Ivy-, C^fiadortu, and the capitol authors, »''^iodC.F/amrmi!s,3Swiinss Livy^Caffia-' 
 
 write that the Confuls cholcn to fucteed in dorus^Zo>iarM-,Strabo in his fift book, the Sidli- 
 
 this yeit,v/e:eL,Cor»eliHs Merft/a,aad Q^.Mi- an and capitol tables. Ofihem V<tlerinsmi\it\.h. 
 
 nutitu Thermtu, The faid fumatnes are found mention in his hich book. This is that /1</.Z,m;~ 
 
 in the Sicilian rccords.P>-fl^w fpeaketh of them «^ - ^ who was the Arch-bifliop, twice ConUil 
 
 in Anntbalf and Frontitu in his book of ttra- Cenfor, and Prefidcnt of the Senac fix times 
 
 Ugems. chofen by the Cenfors. And this is that Q.FU- 
 
 }Mi>tiffs,who afterward by Ofo the Cenfor was 
 
 562 difplaced outof cheSenatanddifubed. 
 L.Qtiintitu FUmniMs. C .Don}iti«s £,Hobarbti:. 
 
 568 
 
 Y Uciut Qtjntius F£aminit44, and Cm. VomitiM Sp. VoflhumiHS Albjnus. Q^.Mart'tM Philippus^ 
 
 t^nobArbtu were this years Confuls,asI.iz//, 
 
 CaJJiodorus znd the capitol records teftify. The 'tIvy.tCaJfiodorHs,Eutrop:HS.zv\d the capitol ta- 
 Sicilian regifters alfo fhew their furnames. bles report Confuls for this year, Sp.[>oflhu- 
 
 mitts PdbinHf. and Q^ Martins Ph,/,pp'S. The 
 
 563 Sicilian Regifters ndme them barely. Albinus 
 M.kciliHtGLhrio. ?.Cor»elitaScipioNa/!ca. and Vhtiippus, VJer-us maketh mention of 
 
 them in his iixt book and third chapter. Like" 
 
 He Confuls created for this year, v/eitP. wife P//»7 in his 33 book and tenth chapter, 
 Cor»elitu Scipio Najica-, and M. ACiltm 
 Clabrto, Coaoi C».iStei\\{y Livy, CaJffdorHJy 5<5p 
 
 the capitol records, Plutarch inQ^i^/fw, and hp.ClattJ^niVHlcher.iA..SerKprorJusTtiditams^ 
 yippidn in his Syriack hiftory. In the Sicilian rc- 
 
 giliets , named they are CUbrio and Nafica. In XTOr this years Confuls were Appitts QlwAiui 
 chefeConfuls year the fame authors report that P- Icher, & M.Semprom/is Ti<d tanusyzs Livy-, 
 
 the waragainfl A-'j//ff(r/>»«KingofSyr.'<»>anda- Caffiodorus and the capitol records do teltify, 
 
 gainft the jEtolians, was proclaimed : which in They Hand in the Sicilian records by the names 
 
 the capitol monnments. in Paterculu*. ind Ma- oiPulcher and TmiitAnf.t, 
 crohim., is called the Antiochian, but by Florus 
 
 and P/'w; the yonger in C If the Syrian war. 570 
 
 This was the 561 year from the cities founda- P.CLiudiuiVHlcher. L.PorciHsGkiKitui, 
 
 tion, as Hacrebius writeth inhis firftbook of 
 
 Saturnals. 'J'He Confuls that followed for this year^ 
 
 564 VfeTtL.Partiiis Lici»r!sScP,aaudi/^s P/h" 
 
 L, Comelim Sctpta, Q.Ldins. t^^^r ■' witnefs Livy-tQaJfiodorm-i and the capitol 
 
 tables. Palcher and LiciniHS they be called in 
 Ajfiodorus^ hivlii., and the capitol tables the Sicilian records, 
 putdawn for Confuls this year, L Cor;?f/<- 
 M Scipio ind C. LtUifu. TheSi-ilianregifters J71 
 hiMC Scipio iT\d LdiMt, The fame men f7f///«« QjFabius LAbeo. M.ClM:di:is MarccBHs} 
 in his fixteenth book and fourth chapter na- * ^ • „ , . .^ /•. .. 
 meih Q.Ul'*» ton of C. and Z,.5./;«.,fon of P . A?f '"? '^'' ^^'l ^^^''^/rf atcd Confuls, M„ 
 To Ld,tis C^fficdore only addcth the furname U.u-.d.us Uarc:lhiS and Q^.F^bw Ube» ac- 
 Afr.car^us, This L. Scpw furnamed Af,atic;*h ^?^?'"p '° hl?^i C#.^.r«x 5c the capuol. mar- 
 was brother to Afr,cams, J.'^. ?•""'':, ^K'^r ■?'"'!"? ^^ '°""^ f ' ° ^" 'he 
 
 SKiliantables.Wtiiics thefe wereconluls,^ff;- 
 
 . r;(/ wrote that Jnmbal dkd, as Pro^wmaketh 
 
 C. Manliut Vulfo. M. f^hi^^S Nobilior. '^P°^^ '" ^'""^'''- 
 
 CNeusManliitsf^ulCo.iVidU.FuhiHsNobin- _ , .v.»i.., r v^L ..t-.^^.L r.,.- 
 
 ar, are nominated Confuls for this year by ^' ^'"^''"^ ^'^''"- ^"' ^^^"'' rAmphlut. 
 L/..^,C.i^.^..,£and the tables both oft^^^^ ^^^^,^^^ ,„d ^ ^ ;,.^, 
 
 p.tolandS,.,/;,^.«/,ii;wasPrctonnthcyear Up^^^,^, vvere created Confds for thk year, 
 
 5 J7 and F«/^,«; anno 560. ^^ ^ .^^^ CSodorns, the capitol, yea, and the 
 
 -g(5 Sicilian tables do teftify, although thefe laft 
 
 C Livius Sali.4tor. Ur^lcriut MefaU. have regard only of their furnames. Tbis^^H 
 
 mylius IS the fon of that L. Jtmi'Xh who was 
 
 He Confuls next following, were M.Vale- flain at C/t««<c, as Plutmh and ydUitis d© vJt- 
 
 r;«* MeffaUj and C, LiviHt SAl'^ator, as rwfs, ^ 
 
 105 1 
 
 c
 
 1052 
 
 TheCronologie 
 
 573 
 
 p. Cornelitu Cetkegus. yi.Baebius TawfhilHS'. 
 
 P 
 
 \Ut'Uiu Cornelius Cethegut and M. Bosbim 
 TAf^pM'^^^ fucceeded Conl'ulsihi- yeaij af- 
 ter Ltvy, Cajftodore and the capitoi tables. Cf- 
 thegHS and Tamphilusihey be ca'led in theSI i- 
 lian records. Of P.Cor^if/*'- J indiA.£al>ifu conl, 
 Tint arch made mention in Miima. Ot P.Corne- 
 litii and M.Bwhitts TamphtlifSfV.ilerr.jfpeikith 
 in his firft book and firlt chapter. Of V. Corne- 
 lius Lentalus^ and M.Bwbitisl arufh'/us in 1 1 
 book and fir(lch.ipcer.BiuP('/«y'n his i 3 book 
 and 13 chapter calleih the one T.ComeliHsCe- 
 thf^f's. fon of LMcinf ■ and the other M.ficebms 
 fon of .^^urnamed Tunifhii.-s, 
 
 574 
 A. VofihumiHS Albtn'/.i. C. QalfhrniuS Vijo. 
 
 F Ivy^ Cajfiodorui, and the capiiol monuments 
 exhibit unto us for this years Confuls. A. 
 VofihuTMiuS Albinnii and C. Qalp:ryiius ?if9. 
 The Sicilian tables, Albmus and V-fo. Pz/^was 
 Pfetor inthe year J67. And klbimts anno 568. 
 But when as a peftilence had reigned now three 
 years, fo as it difpeopled the City of Rerne and 
 aU/f-/^, it hapned thatC.C^7/)«;->;/»jdied, not 
 without fufpition that he was murdered by Q^ 
 Hoflilia ■■ in whofe room O. yulvt- s Flaym his 
 father in law or mothers husband, was decla- 
 red Conful. 
 
 575 
 L.ManliHS Acidinus, CXjfmviHsFlAccHS. 
 
 T hu C^ijfio.dorc, and thecapitol records fliew 
 for Confuls this year, L.Mwlna Kcidwus 
 and Q^.F:'lvrtis FUccus. The Sicilia n tables, Aci- 
 diKtiS vyith F/^'ccus. Cicero m«keth mention of 
 Jcidhiiis a Confulj in his fecond book of a per- 
 fect orator. Alfo obferved it is in the capitoi 
 monomcni?, that^thefe Confuls were german 
 brethren : and the fame hath Vellaus in his fe- 
 cond book reported. And thereby it Cometh 
 to pafs, that in the capitoi tables I*. M^-j^/zwi 
 ActdinitSi Is furnamed alfo F/^/w<i»w after the 
 manner of thofe that are adopted. 
 
 57^ 
 Ai. lunifti Brwus, KyAAnlim Vulfo, 
 
 ^ Ext Confuls created, were M.lttnins Brufui 
 and A. y^.wlius Vhlfo : as Livy, Caffl-^dore^ 
 and the capitoi records do tefti'y. B ut- s and ' 
 f^n/foihty be named in the Sicilian monuments. 
 This Brutut wasPretor in the year jdz, atid 
 Vuljo'mj-ji, 
 
 577 ■-.'■- 
 
 QS^''dius Pnlcher. Ttb,Sempro»iut Graceh^s. 
 
 Q^Aius CJauSus Vulcher and Tib, Semf^oHtM 
 ^ Cracchw^ are matched Confuls this year by 
 Fer.Fl^ccus, Livyi and Cajftodorfts. Of this 7ib. 
 CrMjcfvtsCcero fpeaketh in his firrt book of di- 
 vinationjand Fronti^-sinhh firft of ftratagems. 
 
 578 ^ OTijL-;-' r- 
 
 C.CorneliHsScipio Hifpmins, 
 Q^.Vetdiiis Sptiri»fis. 
 C. Valerius L^vinHSt 
 
 T /z^y, d'Jfiodore. actUhecapitol records ex- 
 hibit unto us for Conluls, Ci.Qorr.elitts Scj- 
 fto H/JpalntyiTid Q^etiliMt Spuri>:us. The Sici- 
 lian Regi!ters,St;p;o and PtiJ/hs. But when as 
 St/jj'c returning outoithemounty3/^4^«,f, fell 
 into a fit Oi Apoplexy ?nd fo into a dead palfey, 
 whereupon he went to the huh ■-,■■ Qftnies, 
 where, by reafon that his diie'ue grew upon 
 him he departed this life ; Q, Vet Hi j i h(; ■)iher 
 Conful,createdfot his companion to enterpre- 
 fently upon the govetnment, C. Vakrins Lnvi- 
 nut. Thus faith L/t^, 
 
 579 
 P. Mtnt'.-.s Scitvola, M. AcmiltHt Leprdtti II. 
 
 ORoftus putteth down for Confuls L?;)/ii«*, 
 and Ai»ti s^ Caffiodorus and Obfcquenst 
 M. Ltpidhs and P. Mutius. The Sicilian tables, 
 Lep dfis and SctevoLi, The capicol monuments, 
 V.jMntius ScAvoL-izad TA.tABmylms L.pid::s 11% 
 The elcftion of the Confuls this year is loftin 
 htvj. Cicero likewife writeth in his difcourfe 
 of Pro\ inces ; Valerius alio in his fixt book- and 
 fixt chapter, that this^W^, R^mylim Lepidut was 
 twice ^Conful. 
 
 ..:,.-';" 580 
 
 S^. Vofihumins Albmns. Q^M'-tif^s Sc*voU, 
 
 ^ hffiodorus fetteth down for Confuls, Sp^Pofi- > 
 h^-iff,iiis ZT\A Q^Murifis. The capitoi records, ■ 
 Sf. Vofthufhitis hlbinus Vay.hs, and Q^ M'ttt»t 
 Sc*ve/a. ' C.-ff>i:;ia»r book hath Faiil^ir and Sat" 
 v"[iu ?li»y maketh mention of therein hisie- 
 cond book and ;i chapter. The ele6lion of the 
 Confuls this year is iod in JL/z';', 
 
 581 
 
 L.Voflhfsmim KlliuftSi- M.'Popiliftstanaf, 
 ^ ^ \ * '" 
 
 THe CofT.for this year created >were L.Vofl- 
 t:'f^mi»s ^ll-inuszwd M. fopiii/rs Lanas^iS 
 Livy-, Ctip^djruSy and the capitoi monuments 
 doteftity. All>i»t!s -^nd-Lanas sxq putdownin 
 theSicilian records.VVhilesthefe were cooi'uls, ' 
 the fealt F lor Alia was inrtitutedfirfl, t&Ovid 
 (keweih in his fife book of his Kalender, 
 
 ntJi'-, ,■■■ -> i-stjV--',' 
 
 Q.Vopilius La»tu . P. tyElias Ligur. 
 
 THis year had for confuls;C.Pop/7/»« LtnOi., 
 and P. j£//.vj "Lignx-, .a&Liz//, Caffiodorus, 
 and the capitoi records do teftify. The Sicilian 
 regiliers n^nie them LmnM and ^Atus, To this 
 day had no Coli. in one >ear beehmatcbedto- 
 gt'ther bolt) .r rnmoneis iand this was thefirft 
 time, that I'oth Consols were created out of the 
 commons, as is obfer\*d.ifl''-i'he'f«pitolmorf\)- 
 ment f . Afrer this, you jTiall never find rhe con- 
 fuls both Patririi: copjraoners ye fliall have 
 them both twain, many a time arrd often ■■ but 
 moft of all, acommopcj;fP«I^P?«icwPj'OP? 
 with aaothert 
 
 58J
 
 to Titus JLivius. 
 
 J055 
 
 58s 
 
 VXicinitu Crajfrn, C.QaJfiusLonginHS. 
 'T'He Confulsnextenfuing for this yeafjWcre 
 
 P. Lieimus CraJfuSy and C.Ca/fmJ Lon^innty 
 
 as ic appeareth in LivyyCfJfiadortts, OroJiHs^zad 
 the capitol tables. For in the Sicilian records., 
 they are named no otherwife than Crafus and 
 LongMs.Oii\\^ very fame Confuls ?//«)- maketh 
 mencion in his feventh book. Gf/fo/^alfoinhis 
 ninth book and fourth chapter. Whiles thefe 
 were Confuls the people o^ Rome began war a- 
 gainrt Perfeus King of the Macedonians, Ion of 
 PhiLif- which r lords sad Entropixs, together 
 viith Orofius y call the feconcl Macedonian 
 war : whereof Livy and Phttarch write more at 
 
 lar-e. 
 
 584 
 
 A. Ha^ili»slAa»cinns, j4, Atlins Serra»;is, 
 
 r^ Affiodortis fetteth next after for Confuls, 
 C. Hcfilifts lAancinHs-, and C. httltus. The 
 Sicilian rcgi(lexs,M<Jw;n«j and Serrar.us. The 
 capitol monuments, A.h.uUus Mancinus^aod 
 An.A^ilinsScrrnntis,. As wellihe eIe6tion of 
 thefe ConUils as their a6is, arcmiflingbthe 
 Achals oiUvy. , 
 
 585 
 Q^MArti(isVhilifp.<s, \\, C»,ServtUf-s Capio^ 
 
 J IvvyC.jfiodorusyiDd the capitol lablesmatch 
 together in the ConfulQiip of this ye»r Q^ 
 Martins Philippis the fecond time, andCw. 
 ServtliMs Cdpio. The Sicilian catalogue hath 
 barely P^'/'p and C*pio. Cicero in his books 
 entit'uled Brutes and C-ro} wtiieth that Enmttt 
 the Poet died in their Confulat, 
 
 586 - 
 L. t/Emylius VjuIus.U. C.Licinius Crajfus, 
 
 T^He Conful; that next fucceeded wereLw. 
 JEm-\l:us PamIus the fecond time (feven- 
 teen years after his firft Confulfliip) and Caiut 
 Liciyiius Crafus •■ witnefs Livy. Cafiodorus-, and 
 the capitol monuments. In like manner they 
 •tc named in the Sicilian rcgiflers Paulns itid 
 Cr.ijfn.'. As touching this fecond Confulat of 
 L.?aiflns, Pliaarcht VeUeius^ OrofKts.E.'ftrofias, 
 Vlorus^ and Jn/iinas in his s^ book do write. 
 Plutarch addeth thus much and faith,That P<i«- 
 lus was threefcore years of.age, when he was 
 chofen Conful the fecond time. 
 
 587 
 
 Q.&I1US Pdtus. 
 
 "^A.^uniHS, 
 
 ¥ tvy bringcth in for Confuls next after, Qu. 
 ^^/£myl,u°s iod lA.'JHniHs. The Sicilian re- 
 cords Pitiit and ^eimiis. Ob{e<jHsns ind Ca^o- 
 dorusQ^.&'.iusVetiis, and U.Ju»ifn Pennus. Ci- 
 cero like wife in Br«f«;fpeaketh oiMar. Junius 
 Ptf«>»«f .Conful with Q^.JE.l'ui. Now from this 
 year forward jWe Want the compleat flory pcn- 
 nad by Livj, 
 
 588 
 M,M4rcellfis. C,Sftlpitiutl 
 
 '[^fvy and the capitol ojonuments (hew (ot. 
 this years Confuls, M. Claudius Marcelhsl, 
 and C.Hftipitins Callus. Ohfe^uens, and the title 
 prefixed. before the comedy A^^/rid in Terence, 
 exhibit hUr. Marcellus and C.Sulpititts, This is 
 that MArcellusj who after he had been thrice 
 Conful, perifhed in the fea. Nephew he was of 
 that Vi.MArcellus.^ who had been five times 
 Conful, as Padiantts reporteth. Of thefe Con- 
 {\ik,Jnfiinf,?lftiy in his fecond book,and many 
 other have made mentionr. 
 
 C». OElAViUS, 
 
 589 
 
 T. Manlius, 
 
 ^Ajjiodortfs and Obfrauens infer Confuls this 
 year, C«7.0i?^wy;«j and T.Madius. The Sici- 
 lian tables, 0;7.:w,'^ and Tor^uatus. The cipx- 
 rol ftones. C~^ Oclat/iui and T, ManlJ»s Torcjua- 
 rns. Mention chere is made of thefe confuls in 
 the titlelet before Hecyra in Terence. Cicero'm 
 his firft book of Final ends, and likewife ia 
 many other piaces; ipeakethofT. TVr^w^irwrj 
 Conful with C».0i?<?2/w, 
 
 A." Manlitis. 
 
 590 
 
 S,.Ca/ftut. 
 
 Chjftodorus matcheth together confols io 
 this year, A. Amanitas znd Q^.CafiHr. The 
 Sicilian catalogue hzthTon} uatus and Longinus^ 
 The capitol cecoids A.ManliusTorefuatHs and 
 Qu.C^Jfifts LonpnHt^ who died in his conful- 
 (bip. Thefe alfo had been companions together 
 in their Pretorfhip, anno j86jas L/z^beareth 
 witnefs. 
 
 7*. Sempronius. 
 
 591 
 
 JH. Inveniiut, 
 
 f^hjficdorus faith, that the confuls this yes: 
 were T.SeiyprowHs and M.luventifts, Obfc- 
 ^r-fwjDaineth them, T.Gr^JcOjw, and M.lHVtH' 
 tius. The capitol monuments fhew T,Sempro- 
 ni.ts Gracchus the fecond iime,and lA.IuventiHs 
 Thaha. In the Sicilian regifters, Xlo/^j^W/^i and 
 Thaha but not well as it is to be doubted. 
 Cicero, rrJeiHs-, and Plutarch have made men- 
 tion of Tib. Gracchus imccconivil. And that 
 M.hiventius died whiles he was conful, Vliny 
 in his feventh book, and Vderiht alfo do re- 
 port. 
 
 V.Cor>tflif*sSeipfo Nafica. C, M4rr/«»/„ 
 
 C^Icero in his firft and fecond book of the Da= 
 ture of Gods>F>>:n/« PlaccusfibfeijtHTts and 
 Capodirus, report for confuls P. Qorn-.l. Scipio 
 Nafrca iod C.Martius Fit^utm., But for that 
 there was an error committed in their creation^ 
 and thereupon they rehgned up their place, as 
 theforefaid authors witnefs,togetb«t with f^a- ' 
 leric.l VltitArch-.md'iUny-.VS^orjj-.Lcritultti-iZlA. , 
 C« tumiUHS ^nc'bArbih, toiTzd in sh?ijf^e3d,r* 
 
 593
 
 1054 
 
 The Qhronol^ie 
 
 lA.UtJfaU. 
 
 593 
 
 C, Fanuius, 
 
 C.AJfioiorus ^Kiitex^ndo'Nn for ConfulsjM, 
 MefaU and C.Fa»»ius. The Sicilian Catai 
 logue iAejfala and Strabo. The capitol records, 
 and the title before Vhormh in Tereha repre- 
 feni unto us, lA.VAlentts lAejfaU^znd Cains Fan- 
 ni.'ij Strabo. OfthefcConfulsSj/f:o<H«x maketh 
 mention In his book of excellent Rhetoricians. 
 Likevyife in Cicero in Brums.) Vliny in his ninth 
 book and fiftieth chaptet, and GcUihs in his fe- 
 cond book. 
 
 L. Anielus, 
 
 594 
 M. CorneliHs Cethegas, 
 
 C^ Afiodorus and the title fet before the Co- 
 medy Adelphi'm Terence avouch for Cofl". 
 L. Anicr^s and M. Comelitts. The Sicilian and 
 capitol records put furriames untothemjG^//; j 
 and CfthegHs. Of hnkius the Conful, Cicero 
 fpcaketh in ^rww: and of Cethe%'is^ the fix and 
 fortieth Epitome or Breviary of F/ora^. In their 
 year, it is for certain held, that L, ^atlus who 
 conquered ?erfe.is, died. 
 
 Cyi. Cornelius Dolabella, M, Fi.hius, 
 
 T'Heyear next following had ConfuIs,as wit- 
 nefleth Caffiodorfs, C», Corwf/Zw BolahlU 
 apd M.FulvtMs. The Sicilian regifl'ers fliew 
 DJoielU sad Fi^hiusJTht capitol monuments, 
 Cn,CorndikfDolol>ella and Mar. Fulvius Nobi- 
 iior. The lame is to be feen in the life of Te- 
 reiice the poet, forthere it is written, that in 
 their year he died. 
 
 5P<5 
 N. tyEniylins. C. Vofilms, 
 
 THe Confuis next fncceeding, were y^arcus 
 i/£tnyliffs and C. Poptius, as d-'ftodorus 
 faith. The Sicilian catalogue fheweth Lepidus 
 and L-£-iaf. The capitol records have M.R^my- 
 liTts 'Lefidris "ind C. Vopilitis Lanas the fecond 
 lime. Oi the rame.Cf«yor/3J/imaketh mention 
 ih his chapter ofdidindion of ages. 
 
 3f M ' -^gy^ Jt:l.its. L. Aureiins. 
 
 Q^AJJtodorus reporteih, that the next Confuis 
 were Sex. JnUns and L. Aurebus. The Sici- 
 lian and capital tables yeeld furnames unto 
 them, C<e[itr to /////w, and Orefles to hHrelitts, 
 Vltny wriieth ofthem in his 3 3 book. 
 
 L, Le'ntP^lfts. 
 
 ypS 
 
 ■jr.' 
 
 C, Af.irtius, 
 
 OBfiqHeyis arid CaJJiodorus record fot this 
 years Confuis L. Lentvlns and C.Martitts, 
 The Sicilian catalogue Lentrlus ttidFtgulus. 
 The capitol monuments, L.Qorneliis LentHlKs 
 Lupui, and CtMartifuFigilus the fecond time. 
 
 Cicero in Brutus fpeaketh of thcmboth.And as 
 touching jF/g-»/w twicfe Conful, FaUriusmi- 
 leth in his chapter of Wrath. 
 
 i99 , , , 
 
 V.Scipio NAjica, M. Claudius, 
 
 Ptthllhs Scipio and M.Claudius are by Cp0o^ 
 ^/ff/-//; fet down for ColT. TheSiciliaciregi- 
 fters have A^.i/?£-<i3nd i'f/<Jrff//Mr. The capitol 
 records^ P, Comeltns Sctpio Na/ica the fecond 
 time, and M. Claudius MarcellusVAswiic the 
 fecond time, V^di^mta writeth, that thisM<ir- 
 ct/luswis thrice Cotiful. And that Pui>. Scipio 
 N.ific.^ furnamed alfo CorculH.m., was twi^e 
 Conful and Cenforberides,C/«ro writeth in his 
 Bruttu. 
 
 L. Vo^hupjiHf. 
 
 600 
 
 Q^Opimitu, 
 
 THis year had Confuis, Lu. Vojiujitu and 
 QufipimiusiS Cffflodorus and Obfe^uensdo 
 witnefs. The Sicilian tables fhew Opimiw and 
 Alhinta. But the capitol records Q^. OpimiWy 
 and Lu.Vofltimius Alhinust Mention there is 
 made of this Q.. Opimius, Conful, by Cicero in 
 bis Brutus; alio in the Epitome of the feven 
 and fortieth book. Moreover, that Pi5/?»»»»'w 
 died in his magiftracy,befidesf'^m«xf/(«ff«.f, 
 Obfecjue»s alfo fheweth : in whofe ftead A/<«». 
 Melius Glabrio waschofcn. 
 
 Qj Fulviut. 
 
 6oi 
 
 T. hnnius. 
 
 THe Confuis next following, as Ccffiodorus 
 writeth, were Qu.Fi^lviitf.tad'X.Anytifis, 
 In the capitol fragments they are named Nobi- 
 //fT and T. Annms. In the Sicilian regifters, 
 Nobilior and Lufc::s, Cicero in his Brt^tus faith , 
 that Q. Nobilior fon ofM^>-f«/, and T.Annius 
 Lujcus were Confnls. The Greek records and 
 CuQ>iniansho6\s. fhew Nobilior and Lufcus, 
 
 602 
 
 M. Marcellus. 
 
 L, Valerius, 
 
 'T'His year had for Confuis, M.Marcellus and 
 L.Faleriuszs Ctijftndoruswhne&sth. The 
 Sicilian catalogue teprefenteth Mrfrrc/Z/cj and 
 FUcCus.OI f-qu:ens^\\\h\tzi\\ unio us M.Clau- 
 dius Marcellus zed L.Valcrius Flaccus. This 
 Maretllus was thrice Conful, as Vidian faith 
 upon the Oration for Sc^r r- r, and Cicero in his 
 book of divination and deitioy. 
 
 ^03 
 L. Licinius Lucullus. h^ojltimius Hfhinus, 
 
 C^'hffi'ado'^us^xwxtih doiwn for C(jnftils,L.Z^- 
 cuUhs and h.^ofiJmius. The Sicilian tables, 
 Lucullus and Mbiiius. The broken marbles of 
 the capitol, LucuWaitid A». Voflumius fon of 
 hfilus.Orofiui and the Epitome 48.(hew L.L«- 
 cinius tucullus and K^o]l.hlbinus, Ciceroxxx his 
 Brutits^ and LucuUutboih-, makcth mention of 
 the fame, po^
 
 to T. Livus. 
 
 ^04 
 
 T. QHintius, M'. Acilius, 
 
 THis year had for Confuls, L.Qpintim and 
 yi\Aetltut^ as C/ij^(7«/'?r«^ teftificth jwhotn 
 P/»«7 in his 7 book & 36 chap.calleth C.Q«/«- 
 tim and M'. Acilim> Cicero in his book C<<fo, 
 and the 1- book of his Epiftles to Attkm na- 
 Encth 7". FLimimta and J^'. Kcilias., and faith 
 that they were created Confuls in the 1 9 vear 
 after the death of £«»/«;. TheSiciiiantab.es 
 have FUnttnitu and Balbm. The Capitol frag- 
 ments) Fiamnius and M-Aeilitu Bitlbfu. 
 
 by /". Cornelius the fon of Sir//>/o AfricMnms, 
 Whereupon he was called Pub.Corftdius, fon 
 oiPuhliHs, nephew of P. Sf,)wo^/r»crt««ithc 
 yonger, and JEmylianHs^ as Tf &;«j and others 
 do witnefs. his two laft furnames are in the 
 Capitol records, oui of which, the complete 
 name of M. Ltvint D,ufus^ with his addition, 
 was framed. Of thele Gonfuls Cicero fpeakcth 
 alter: likevvife VaLriits, PmercitlHs^ Appiany 
 Vlntarchj FloTi'Sy both ?linics^ Eutrofixs and 
 Oro/iHS. 
 
 C. Cornelius, 
 
 ^08 
 
 L.MMmmitts. 
 
 LM*rtiuf. 
 
 605 
 
 M'M/wiliHS. 
 
 QAffio 
 
 ^Ext confuls following, were C». Cernetics 
 and L.MummiHi-) as witnefleth Cjjfiodorus: 
 and according to Orefins, Vellcius, CerfortnMSy 
 »ff<ior/^xavoucheth for the Confuls of this and Cicero in the thirteenth book ofepidics to 
 'year, L. Martiu* and M'.M<j«/7««j : likewile Atticus^ Cn. Come/ins Lentui:! and L. AiHm- 
 the 49 Epitome. Ctccro in LhchIIiu maketh mi»s ihey are named. In the Sicilian re iftcrs 
 mention of Cenftrintti and M'. M^«//'«;: of Lentul.s zr\d Mt/Kmiftt, In the fragments of 
 CenforiKiu and \Aantlius in his twelfth book of the capitol, LentuU'-s and LM'-mmtHs^ nephew 
 epiHlcs to Attietu.lhc fame QoTi'xAs^Afpiantu of L: c us. Lh, Mummu's in this magifiracy ac- 
 in Libjca nameth L. Martins ^.tifonfitu and quired the furname of ^c/)<«»f«^,upoD a vifto- 
 M'.M(««»//«f. In like fort Cenfonnw in his trea- ry atchieved by him in Ach^.i^ as Flmsarch ia 
 
 tifc of Nativity or B'rth-day. The Sicilian ta- 
 bles have CenfortKtu and lAaniUw The rapitol 
 fragments fhcw Cenjorinus and M'. Manilinst 
 fon of P«^//*/, nephew of P«^. Whiles thefc 
 were Confuls, there arofc a third war between 
 the State of Kon^e and the Carthaginians, as 
 Florw in the 49 Epitome,berides Vivriiu FlaccM 
 do tcftify: likewife Solinus, but that he faith 
 with VerrtHt Fl*ccus, that it was the year 64. 
 C/«ro alfo in his eleventh Philippick, and laHly 
 EfitrofitUy with Orejtut. 
 
 606 
 Sp, PcflumiMs. L. Vifo. 
 
 THcn were Confuls created, Sp, Poflumitu 
 and L. Pifo-, according to Cajfiedorus and 
 ObfecjHens. In the capitol fragments they are 
 
 Martus^ and f^eUeiHs do tc.Hfy. 
 
 60^ 
 Q^Fahins Maximut. 
 
 L.Ho^iliH$i 
 
 C^JJpoiorns this year delivereth uutousfot 
 Coniuh.Q^abifts M'J.v/w^/Xjtogether with 
 L,HofiiUus4 Cicero in Ldlij, and P/nj in his 
 five and thirtieth book and fourth chapter,na- 
 meth them Q;<. Maximtts^ brother of Scipia^ 
 and L.Mancinf:s, Of this Q^ Faiins Alaximus 
 A»iyi'antis,f,i/erius\\mcih in his lecondboolc 
 and firft chapter. This Q^.Fahias was the fon of 
 P.K.mjliMS^ adopted by i>. Fab. Max. the fon 
 of Fermcofus, as Appianus writeih in Hi^anew 
 fif- and therefore in the fragment of a capitol 
 table there is to be feen thefecondfurname 
 &mjliMuS. P//»/ wasdeceivedjwho inhis 31 
 named A. Ma^nKs, and Lu. Ca/purmm, fon of book 1 1 chapter calleih him Qu.Allobrt^icus^ 
 Csius, nephew oiCaius, furnamed Pifo (af"'' brother of 5«;/tf, who was the fon of this F4- 
 »/. In Cufpiniant Kalender, Ma^hm and Cafo- ^"<*, 
 
 niusi in the Sicilian catalogue hlbinut and P*[a. 
 As for Magnus ztid AlbinHS; they be the fur- 
 names of Pc/?«w»«x ; like as Ctfoniw and P;/<7, 
 of CalpHrnius. In this year the people of Romit 
 entrcd into arms againft hndrifcus, otherwife 
 termed Pfendo-?hilippiM, which they call the 
 third Macedonian warjafter FUrm arid Entro- 
 pius. 
 
 60J 
 V.hfricAntu. C. Livins. . 
 
 OBfequerjs and Crffioierus fet forth for con- 
 fuls this year P.Africanus zod C.LivtMt. 
 3n the Sicilian catalogue they are regif^red Sei- 
 pie and Drfifus: in the capitol fragments Afn- 
 cant's t/£myliAntts, and C. Liviui ; the one Ion 
 of M. t/Emylia»us^ nephew of Marcf4s,the o- 
 ther furnamed Drufus. This Pub. Cj>rnelitn was 
 
 the natural fon of that Vanlus that vanquiflied , 
 
 Pfr/f«j King of the Macedonians J and adopted them both, in his firft book of water- conduits, 
 
 Xxxx 6\\. 
 
 6io 
 Ser. Gttlba, L. Aurelius. 
 
 THijyear bad for Confuls, Ser, Gdba and 
 Lfi. Aurclitis, according to Caffiodorusi 
 thofe, Valerius in his (ixt book nsmeth S.Sulpi- 
 tiusGalba, and Ln. AareliusCottA, whoff! the 
 Sicilian catalogue flieweth under the bare 
 names of Galba and- Cotta. But t he capitol frag- 
 ments have G.-r/^4 and L.ValeritisCotta. Thisis 
 thn Sulp.Galba.who being Pretor,as5«ffo«/>i 
 writethjrtirred up the war before againft Viria- 
 tm,(ox he was a vehement Orator, of whom O- 
 cero fpeaketh many times. And as for L.Cotta, 
 he it was whom afterwards being accnfed by 
 AfricAnus, Qu.lA.it cllus Macedonion defended,; 
 Cicert'in Bruiust(ot Murenaind againft P^erres-,' 
 maketh mention of him.Likewifc Frontinus of 
 
 1055
 
 1056 
 
 The Qbronologie 
 
 611 
 
 yipXlastdius. Q^Uetellits. 
 
 C^ Jffiedortts aamcih for this years Confuls 
 jiffius ClaudiHs and Q.. MeteUns, Or fins-, 
 jiff. i^laudiHt 3Tid Qu.CaciliHs Meteltus. The 
 Sicilian regiflers have Claudius and Metellus. 
 Jhe Capitol fragments fiiew Vukher andQ.C*- 
 eilius MacedoMcus. Of the fame, Frontinm fpea- 
 keth in his book of water-conduits, and Fale- 
 »-/«/inhis feventhbook. Now this M.etttlu'\s 
 he who being Pretor, fubdued the Macedoni- 
 ans and Achsans, wereupon hewasfurnamed 
 yiiaeedomcus: whom PUnies'j book fheweth to# 
 be the fon of Lf/.and nephew of Qhw. 
 
 6ii 
 
 L.lAaellus. Q^.MaximMs. 
 
 f^Affiodoms putteth down for Confuls, Lt\ 
 A'lttellus iad CXiMaxitr.us. The Sicilian re- 
 cords MeeU':Siix(ji tAaximas, OreJius^L.Cict- 
 lius A^ett /ins and Q^.FahtHS Maximus Servilia- 
 Mus. In like maner the capitol fragments Calvus 
 and Se-rvtlia'-us. This ^ervdiAnus is the brother 
 german of Q^. ScrviltHs C(Cpio, the Conful two 
 years a!'ter(as witneffeth yipp'anjivd the adop- 
 ted fon of QiTabtus A.myltanus ; for they were 
 both adopted by Q. Fabius lAax. the fon of 
 Verrucofrts^ the one out ofthehoufee^w;//*?, 
 the other of Sf>-W/.7. IMetell. s is the brother 
 oi !^Metel/usM.acedo»icu!, as writeth Valerius 
 in his treatife of Witneffes. 
 
 C«, C<tp, 
 
 6n 
 
 w. 
 
 Q..Vompeiut. 
 
 ^^Meus Capio and Q. Vompems are recounted 
 Confuls by Cnjfiodortts, VelUius in bis fe- 
 cond book faith thus: Whether there were two 
 or three houfes oftheP#>wpif#<^/3thefirftofthat 
 name was Conful with C». Servilius. Of this 
 Q^PotKpeius^ Cicero maketh mention often- 
 time?, wilting that hs was of bafe and cblcure 
 parentaoe. Him r<»/m«j in his chapterof wit- 
 neffes nameth Anfidus^ but corruptly through 
 the fault of the copiers, in (fead of ,<fw.F.». the 
 fon of j4 files An the fame foK ylppianus in Hi' 
 fpatenfis nameth him Q«. Pompeini A»/«jfor 
 ^.Filins. Cicero in his Orations againll Verres, 
 and in that for Fmteiits^ Vafer$i:s alfo in his 
 chapter of Witnefles, fheweth that-there were 
 two brethren named ^neut and Qtti>]tns^ both 
 Servilii CspioKes. 
 
 ^.C-cpio, C-'i-i^lius, 
 
 ^Fter this were Confuls made.Q«.C<cp/(?and 
 C.L<elius, my authors are C ^Jfiodorus ind 
 Obfequens ^toozthe.: with the Sicilian tables,and 
 Frontinus in his treatife of water-conduits.This 
 Laliusis Cieve in his eleventh Phil f pick,, and 
 \elUiMS do report, was the fonofL<«//>jthe 
 the Conful, anno 564, whom as dcero'ia his 
 fecond book of Duties and in L<clius, was the 
 firrt that wasfiirnamed Wife, whereof P/«<irc/E' 
 ioGr^jfcA/yeeldeih a reafon. 
 
 61$ ^ 
 
 C».Pifo, U.Peftlius: 
 
 ^jljjicdorus (heweth for this years Confuls, 
 C «. Ptfo with M.Popiltus, jippiatiHs and the 
 EpitomiH have M.Tofdtus I-a/.m : but they be 
 named M. Poftlius La-^of and L. Calpurmus by 
 \alerius in hisfirft book, writing thus, That 
 Cormlius Hifpalfis, Lord chief jufiice for flran- 
 gers, when M.fopiltsis Lukos and L,CalpMr»iuf 
 were Confuls, by an edid commanded all the 
 Chaldacan [Aflrologets] to depart out of ^(7wc 
 and Jtal^ within ten dales next enfuing. 
 
 616 
 Pi Scipio. D.Brutus, 
 
 PUblius Scipio and D. Brutus are named for 
 this years Coff.by C^Jftodorus. Florus in his 
 55 Epitome; P.ComeliHs Nafic* (ir.rnamed 
 ^erupion in mockery by CCunatius a Trib. of 
 the Com. ) and A Junius Brutus Cofi, lev ied 
 and mulfered fouldiers.&c.This icipw was fon 
 of ihnNafisa who was furnamed Corculitm^ 
 and twice was he Conful and Cenfor alfo, ne- 
 phew to that Najica, who by the Senat was 
 deemed the befl man in the City, and father to 
 him that warred upon lugnrtha-, as 'Sellaus 
 faith. This Decius Brutus, Cicero in his Brutus 
 calleth the fon of Marcus, who bare the Con- 
 fulfh'p in the year five hundred ninety leven, 
 and in the capitol tables is called Pennus. More- 
 over, of thefe Confuls Cicero fpeaketh very oft, 
 Vrlerius alfo in his 3 book, chap. 7. 5 book, 
 chap,3. 9 book,chap.i 5: Likewifc/Z/z^/inhis 
 21 bock, and laftly, Frontinus. 
 
 M.&mjliiis, Q.Hoflilius lAaftcinns, 
 
 Q\Affiodor:is ir\d Obfeijuexs miich. together in 
 the confulfliip this year, MMrnylifs, andC. 
 Hofitlius Mancinus, The Sicilian regiflers Le^. 
 pidus and M<«;;c;>;«/, Oroftus and ylppian^ M.jE- 
 mylius Lepidus and C. Hofitlius Mmci»us. Of 
 this Conful Mafjci?ius there remain yet fomc 
 tokens to befeen in broken marbles of the ca- 
 pitol. Cicero maketh mention often-timesof 
 Lepidus, as well in other places as in Br-tus. 
 Like wife, Valerius,F/orfiSyl>atercnlus,iad Plmy 
 in his treatife of Famous men. 
 
 P.Furius, Sex. ^ttilius SerranWtt 
 
 r^Jffiodorut putteth down for ConfulsjP.F*- 
 Ifrius and Sex. Atilius Serranus, Cictro in his 
 third book ofDuties,L,F«w«j and Sex.htilifs, 
 Obfee/uens-, L.Furius and Atilius Serranus. The 
 Sicilian regiflers PhitusundSerrams. Of this 
 Furiust Cicero writeth thus in his Brutns ; Lm. 
 Fmrifts Vhilus, was reputed for a man of very 
 good language, and to h^ ve fpoken more learn- 
 edly than others. In the capitol fragments there 
 appeareth yet fome ftiew of Serranns the 
 Conful. 
 
 619
 
 to Titus Livius. 
 
 J057 
 
 <5i9 
 
 Set-' Ffihitis, C, CaipMrniru. 
 
 THe next confuls are fet down by Cajjiodo- 
 rits and Ohfe<]:ie»i, Ser, Fiilvtus and i^.C al- 
 ■py.rnins. The Sicilian catalogue hath Fl.iccas 
 and Pifo, OrofiHs nameth S.Fuhias Flaccus and 
 Q^Calpunias P/fa. The capicol fragments (liew 
 Ptfo: as ioi F/ihifts Flaccus iHe Gonial, menti- 
 on there is made of him in the Epitome 35. 
 yipfinn alfo in his Illyrica fpeaks of him, and in 
 Hi[p-i»e'ifis of C.;/p. ?ijo. 
 
 610 
 V.AffieanHS, L,.Fuhi»sFlaccfis. 
 
 THe year following had P .Kfricanus and C. 
 Fulvins FLiccHS for Cofl. as it is written in 
 Q^Jfiodor t and Ohfecjueyis; But Scfio and Fl.ic- 
 c»i in the Sicilian catilogue. The fame Flaccsts 
 the Capitol fragments do fhevv, Ofthis C.Fttl- 
 w>/, mention there ii made alfo in the 56 Epi- 
 tome; and of -^/>;<:<<»«x twice confuLby Afpian 
 in Hifptne>ijis, by Oro^tts, Floras, and VaUnits 
 in his eight book. 
 
 V.Cr/ifns. 
 
 ^23 
 
 L. K/eriMs. 
 
 6zi 
 
 P. Mucin f. 
 
 L.CaipurntHS. 
 
 THis year had confuls, P. Muems^ and Lu. 
 Calpiirnins, as witnefleth CajfiodorMs. The 
 Sicilian regiflers (\nt\s ScavoU indCalp'^ryiius. 
 Velletus nameth P, Mucins Scavolaiod L.Cai- 
 jurnius. Of thefc Confuls V<tdt ami sw^ontht 
 Orations againfi Verresy maketh mention, in 
 thcfe words : Scavola a right learned man in the 
 Laws, was conful with L.P//a,that yeat where- 
 in Ttb'Oracchus was killed. In the broken mar- 
 bles of the capitol he flandeth by the name of 
 L.CafpurntiiS P./o,furnamed alfo f r;/^? jand that 
 truly. ¥or Cicero in one Oration againft \errcs 
 and in another for Fo«fc;.'^/\vriteih,that he was 
 the firll of the Pifones, called Fr«^/. This man, 
 when he was Tribune or Provoft of the Com- 
 mons, madea law againfi the extortion of ma- 
 giflr3ts,when Martins and MaMius were con- 
 luU; he wrote alfo the annals of Rome^zs Cicero 
 teftifieth in his book Brutus. 
 
 A 
 
 612 
 T. Poptlius. P. Rufilius. 
 
 Gainft this year were confuls created, as 
 Cjfiodorfts writeth, P.Vopili.u and P. R' pi- 
 liHs: .'>fier the Sicilian records Laim and Rupdi- 
 us. Cicero maketh mention of them in bis-i 3 
 bookofEpirtles to Arf/V«/i and againit Verres^ 
 Alfo in the capitol fragments we read of P. Po- 
 pilius, fon o'i Cutis, and V.RHpilius fon of P. and 
 nephew o^'^ ulliu' .Vellcius\n\\\% fecondbook, 
 nameth the corluls Ruplius and ^opUms, Cicero 
 in \.£liMi fpeakech o\ RupHinsinA'Ld'iM, And 
 of P Rnpilms there is mention made in the Epi- 
 tome or Breviary jji 
 
 Q^Afftodonis putteth down for confuls this 
 year, P.^ b. Cr.yfus and Lul'^lcruis. Crajftis 
 and /■/.(«»/ the Sicilian caralogue. L.^^leriMt 
 Flaccus and Vnb. LiciniHs Crajfns-, according to 
 Cicero\n his eleventh PW/j^.-c/^^againrt A->:t9>:j, 
 Ofthis confnl VuXiciKty.s Cra(J'i'.s,i\[ they have 
 fpoken, who wrote of thewar orA>-//?o»/f*/. 
 This P. Cr.i/r«/ furnamed D:vcs, hyCiceroin 
 his books of a pcrfcdt Orator, and in BiUtus'xs 
 called the brother oiScavjLt: whereupon r<r/- 
 /f.'«rin his fecond book nameth him Mutianui, 
 betokening thereby tu;.t he was idopred out of 
 the houfe of M«t;/ into the family of theCr:j/>/. 
 This man Gellius writeth in his firit book and 
 23 chapt. to have been of all ochcr^ tlie ri heft 
 man, the noblef^ perfonage, and the mod elo- 
 quent Orator, the deepelt lawyerj and the fn- 
 pream Billiop withal. 
 
 624 
 C. Claudius, M. Verpenna. 
 
 A Ppius CLiudiiis and M.Perpenyia src match- 
 ed in the Confulat together this year by O^- 
 fei}:ie»s and Q:'Jfiodorus. Cuj])i>}iay.s book and 
 the Greek records, fliew Lerauha and Verpm- 
 n.j. This Claudius haply was adopted into the 
 family of the CoryiclH. Moreover, Cicero in his 
 third book of Laws, and in the Oration for 
 P/r';<«;^/,calleth this manCCliiudins. This alfo 
 is confirmed by an old table of(f one common- 
 ly known, whcrin is to be feen this infcription, 
 C.CLiudius and M.Perpefif7ACo\T. Which evi- 
 dence S'^oains and Onuphriat following,named 
 him C.C/(?W;«.f andnoc A ppius. Oi'ih\s M.P^r- 
 penna as many as wrote the war oi AriflotiicHSy 
 have made mention, and namely, F'<;/.'->-/'.'« in 
 his 3 book and 4 chapt. VeUetus ^traho Profins^ 
 and Eutropius. 
 
 62$ 
 C.Sepjprouius. ^.Aquilius. 
 
 THis year had confuls, M. A^r.-z/Z/^j and C. 
 
 SemproniuSy as witnefleth CiJftodorMs. But 
 jiquiliHs and T^i/zf/!/*/// according to the Sicili- 
 an regiflers. CSeniproniusJudnaius^indM, 
 K^uiltffs ihzt Oro !tus. Cicero fpeaketh of them 
 in his book of the nature of gods, and to his 
 brother Q,:iintus. Vaterculus alfo in his fecond 
 book. S^'vi^o in his 14 book. ^;?p/;«» in his firfl 
 book. And both of them are taken out of the 
 iiiumph records in the capitol. 
 
 C». O^Avins. T, Anyiirs. 
 
 ^Ext followed as confuls Ca.Octavius and T. 
 AnKins., ar df.iodorus teff ifieth and none 
 but he. For Cw/^w.w^ book and the Sicilian 
 catalogue have Ocia-Jtis and Rufus. V'^ t.nchzi- 
 fo writeth, that one T. Avw// contended with 
 Tib.Grticchns in a fediilon. As for this C.Oiia- 
 
 X X X X Z ViHS->
 
 fcC? 
 
 The Qhronologte 
 
 I'ius.) fonbewas to that C»f»j who was Con- 
 lul in the year five hundred eighty nine. 
 
 627 
 L. Cdffius, L. Cima, 
 
 r^Kjftodorus nameih for this years Confuls, 
 ^-^L.Cafsiui and L.Ciana. The Sicilian records 
 lon^in^'S and Ci>tna. CHfpiniaynbooks let OUC 
 Kitlla, corruptly for R^ivlla, and Qinna. This 
 L.Capti^s was his fon who bare the confulftiip 
 in the year 550, and he was afterwards Cenfor 
 in the year 629 furnamed RavHU by Frontinits, 
 
 JA.^mjliHs. h. Karelins. 
 
 r** Aifiodorus and Ohfequens reckon for Coff. 
 this year, Viar. ftmyltns and L«. Awelitts. 
 The Sicilian catalogue fheweth Lspidus and 
 Orsfle!' Cenformti\iz\.\i M. &myliujLeptdtts, 
 and L.AardlKS Orefles. Ctcert in Brnttti} May. 
 Lepid'^s, and L.Orefles, 
 
 M.PUitt'ms. lA-'Fuhius, 
 
 r^ Affiodorfts and Ohfecjuens avouch Confuls 
 thij year, M. Plautins and M.FuhiHs. The 
 Sicili.inregirters, Hypfetts zad Flaccus. Oro^ms 
 and Front inus in his treatife of watericonduits, 
 M. Pla'i'tHs Hypffus and Mar.Fulvifs FUcchs. 
 Valerius alio in his difcourfe ofPri</«makcth 
 meciticnofthem. 
 
 C. Cafshs \.onginns> C.Sextiui. 
 
 r^ Afsicdoms and Ohfei^uefis report, that the 
 confuls following were C. C/fsiusLongiKus-^ 
 and C.Scxtivs. The Siciian catalogue fheweth 
 l^onq^in^s and CdvinMs. VelUms writeth,that the 
 colony f<?^r^rf>-/4 was planted byCrf/};«/and 
 CdvinUs. Cicero in Brntus fpeaketh ofC.Sexttus 
 Calv:n:is. Eutrop'tiS declareth for confuls,C.C«»/- 
 fias Lonfirt'^s, and S, Vomitius Calvinns, not 
 without fufpition of a fault or errour. 
 
 631 
 
 FanKias, O«ro wrift-th of fheoi in his ^r/ r«/, 
 and ?li,:y in bis fecoridbook and 32 chapter. 
 Three OTOi.; (rd.h?) sppearec wbenC?;. Do- 
 TKitws acd C.l.mii.s wetc Ct IT. which nicii 
 men called the night-ftars. 
 
 L.Opimitis. 
 
 633 
 
 Q> Maximus, 
 
 QS^acilius, T, Quintius. 
 
 C^IPo 
 
 ^lodoTHs nominateth for confuls this year, 
 ^QjCteciliHs and T.QHtntias. The Sicilian re- 
 cords Metcllns and FUminius. Eutropiusznd 
 OrofiKS^ Q. Citcilius Mste/ius and T. (X^wtiuS 
 FUniiKtHs.dcera in his Oration pleading for his 
 houfe, cal'eth them T. flaminitts and Q. "b/ietel- 
 l s. This Q^Metellus was the eldeft of the four 
 fons ot Afiicedonicas, whom Plutarch in his 
 treatife of the Romans fortune, calleth Q^Me- 
 tclbsBdiearicHSj of the Baleares whom in this 
 magiflracy he conquered. 
 
 TTHis year had for con; ils L/. O/; .%7/5'jand 
 Q,N'.<i. ■/»?;//, as witin'iieth i. .JpiA- as. The 
 Sicilian i..'t<iioguefhevv(;th Opimtin ivdM^iA-*- 
 mus. But Ohj;^nenit L.Opuf^tfS and Q». Fahut 
 lA.^xinfs's. Pliny fpeaketh c f chem i;^ his fecond 
 book, faying Aboir; the fun ift-n. .pneared an 
 arch or bow, when L. Ov^n):usnidQ^. Vabiut , 
 were ccnfuls. This i^u. t abuts M ax. nnsxih^] 
 Cicero in Brmus^ Floras in his Epitome, VeHei- 
 tis in his 2 book, and PadiMt/s upon the Orati- 
 ons againft Verres, rightly named the nephew 
 oi PaHlfis,iDd fon oi F.JEfr^yiiams, And \o may 
 Stralpot Appuin-, and Pliny be well reproved, for 
 making him and his father Amjliamst all ore. 
 The fame man, as Cicero and P/orjteflify, was 
 furnamed Allolrogicus, upon a vid^ory over the 
 Allobroges. Of this L. Cip/>K/«x ccmol., after 
 whcfe nsme there w;s a wine ca'ltd Opi?nia- 
 num-,\ liny mdktih mention in his i4bookard 
 4 chap, rhtarel alfo in C>CracchHSfZnQ yelleii 
 MS in his fcond book. 
 
 T>M»nltUs, C; Vapyritis* 
 
 ^AffiodorHj inferrcth for this years confuk, 
 P.tv^« liMs and C. Vafynus. The Sicilian re- 
 cord? M..'*iliHS and C^.rbo. This is that 0;«x 
 Vapjrifts Carbo-, who being a Tribune of the 
 commons when ClandtHS and Verpenna were 
 Coff. was afterwards by CGracchus appointed 
 for one of the Triumvirs to divide lands : who 
 firll took part with the commons, but after- 
 wards raiiged with the nobility .• of whom C$- 
 cfro in many other places, and namely,in bis fe- 
 cond book of a perf"e£l Orator, maketh men- 
 tion. 
 
 L.Cacilius. L, A pyelitis. 
 
 f^ Ajsiadortis and 0^/f<5r«f«xputdown for con- 
 fuls, 'Lu.Ctzciltus and Lu.Avrelius. The Si :i- 
 lian catalogue, tAetelhts and Cotta. Vli-unci in 
 Marins(\itikfi\x oiC.Metellfts and Cvtta <.sn- 
 fuls. Which Wiarius he wrireth 10 have bci n ihe 
 Tribunfhip of the commons when thefe were 
 confuls, and to havecai-t Mete/UiSih^coaM in- 
 to prifon- TbisistbatCorr<a in whci'econiiil<'r 
 room F^/Zf/wJ report eih, that C. C<cfar Flamin 
 oi Jupiter, was created. 
 
 M ^/ito. 
 
 616 
 
 Q. lAarttHs. 
 
 C». DomittHt, 
 
 C.F« 
 
 nntHS. 
 
 Q^Afsiodortis and Obfequens ']o\a\n fellowfliip 
 
 ofthcconfulate this year, C», DotnimssnA 
 
 C.Fanmus,\\\z Sicilian Kcotds^&nebarbfts and 
 
 THis year liar' for confuls Af^^r. Ca'n and 
 '.'. H.-irtir r: witnefs d^ffiorkrus and Ol je- 
 
 fordingtotheSici- 
 
 q'trvs C '."and Mrf»''^''»^>>i- c-- 
 
 Han regifters, T i^t Eutropius nameth them M. 
 Vorctfis Cato and Q^Martins. 'Valerius fpeaketh 
 
 of
 
 ^<>T^itasLivius. 
 
 of them in his fife book, and Pliyiy in his lecond 
 bo ok 31 cbap. Ctlinn alfo in his 1 3 book aod 
 t$ chipc. 
 
 L. iMciliuJ. Q.MtttiHs. 
 
 ^Onfuls next enluing by C^jfiodorus his fay- 
 intj, were L. Caciiius and i^. lAntms. After 
 the Sicilian reglHers Meiellus and Sc<tvela.\i yz 
 gohy Eutropihs L.C tctli-s McteUus and Q. 
 Mtttt'-s ScavoU. Now is this that L.C acihfts 
 Met lluSi who fteiwjrd upon hbdninij the 
 Dalmatians, wai lurnamedD^A <?<»«, whom 
 Plutarch in CortoUnns and in his bnoii of the 
 Koman fortune, rameth Dicdem ,«j,for ch^t 
 a long time he bound np his forehead with a 
 frontlet or wreath which iht-y ctl a diaHem to 
 hide an uUer that he had there. Hereupon 
 whenTaw^f/w^bourd up his leg with a white 
 band oroirter, Itmakesno mjtter,qd.F,/z/o«;- 
 Hs, in what part of the body a man wenerh the 
 diadem : upbraiding andreprochin;', him tor his 
 Kinglike power, in terming a fmall dontor 
 peece ot cloth by that name.This is tliat Q^.Wu- 
 iiusScdvol.iX.'az Augur, ol- whom Ctcer" in his 
 book LaIihs-, and in the firli book of an Orator 
 maketh mentionf 
 
 Q.LtetniHsCeta, QjiAnximus. 
 
 r^ JJJiodorus conpleth together infociety of 
 Confulfhip this year, C. Licmifmid iZ: . 
 Ma.xim'is.Tbc Sici.ian regiHers name them 6 eta 
 inA Eburiy.i*'. i fthis '^j.M^Aiwr/iCfcerflfpea- 
 kethinhis Oration for Mwi-rfiw^^-ThEr this man 
 wasofihehoufeotthe F<ii/» his furnamcd£<!!«- 
 rinus fheweth, of whom wrueih ! '.fl j in this 
 manne-:jQ«'.Frf^«>< J WIS called P«//«i JowAf, fur- 
 named £^«r/;f; *,of whitenefs.for that his but- 
 tock was blafted with li-^htnin^, Q^ ihtJian in 
 his third Declamation reporteth.ihat tt;i- F.?^. 
 £^-i»>-/»»Mi had a fon unchaft ofhisbody, whom 
 he examined at home in his houfe nnd there- 
 upon put him to death. The fame m^n V^/aius 
 caleth Qiu.F^htus Serviliamis. As for the name 
 of thi;; Lici^ins his fathtr, obfcuiC and un- 
 known heretofore, ( oltz^iMs oucofsn old anti- 
 quity or coin hath rcliioredit, wherein, as he 
 faithi was written plainly, C.Ltcimtts Geta^ioR 
 of ^nblius, 
 
 M. Metcl'.tis. M. ScAnrtts. 
 
 •THe conluls next following by C^'Jftodarushis 
 icport, were l^,Metel/tls and M.Sf.!«r«/. As 
 for Ae'dltis. the :hiri^ fon he was of Macedoni- 
 cis. liurasf.ucl-ii'v' M.Scanttt<-, whom the 
 vvr.te'' ;ft',ebocl. entituled offamoiKperfons, 
 cailerhM.t/£wvA«x, 5'-.;«r»«,thus wrireth P-c- 
 r::.tHur, '>i,S'- -rw^Cqd.he) wasa Patrininin- 
 de' u ind of ' >ble blood but fo, ns the gentry 
 of h's '"OBfe \o: ihofe dilcems before him lay 
 oblture. fcr neither lather, nor grandfire, by 
 rcaior- ..the'irpoor eftate.and lor want ofput- 
 tin^ lorth themfelves in the world, attained to 
 
 1059 
 
 dignity in wcajpublick. Moreover, of him Ci- 
 cero maketh mention otten imes in his Oration 
 for MttrenA and in Brutis. rJerius alio in his 
 5 book and Schapt. and P//«; likewifc in his 
 3 book and 3 6 chape. 
 
 640 
 lA't'^ci/iut Balbus. C. Cato, 
 
 ^^'^Jpodortis fetteth down for confuis this 
 year, U.Atilns 5.j/^';;,andC.C<7f;. The Si- 
 cilian catalogue B.-Mus and Cito. Ohfecjuens 
 M. Actings and C. Vomm. Of the fame i onfuls 
 P//;«7fpeakethinthe 2 book, chap.ip. and 58. 
 ^Intarch in M>.n«i-giveth to ^c(/;^^the lore- 
 name yianii:s. This C Qato is the brother of 
 that M. Cato, who four ye.irs before wis Con- 
 iul,nephew toM.CtfoCi;>/y<jr;n«/,and Afr'aatius 
 filters fon, as faith rj/f/w/, C/rero againft rir- 
 reJ, and in Bn-ttts. 
 
 C Q^ciliHs. C», pApyriut. 
 
 Q^Afftodorus and O^piyr/f);/ fet down fornexc 
 Conluls, C. C<«r/// /and C«.P<ip;r/«/. The 
 Sicilian regiftcrs M«f//«/and Ca-(>o. Emropiuft 
 L.CiiciliHS iAetclUis-, iT\d Cn.Carbo. The fame 
 men Tacittts in his book of the manners ofGer- 
 mans reported to have born the Confulfhip, 
 anno 640 after the foundation of ifa;;;*: in 
 which year, both he and Ol'fecjucnsdo report, 
 that the people of /Jo we began firftto war with 
 \.\\c Cimbrians and the Teutones. This C. M^- 
 tclmi was thefourthfonofC.Mi-rc'//,/;thefon 
 oiyiacedon'cttf- whom,whenhe died, he left 
 a man of Pretors calling, and in fuit and elefti- 
 on fot to be Conl'u!. This man gat a furname 
 by way o; reproa .h, as Cicno teftiHeth in hisfe- 
 copd buoko.aperfcdOi'ator. Nowfurnamcd 
 wai he Capri.trm, as P/«r<»rJ;faith in the Life of 
 the Romans. 
 
 642 
 h^Vvius Drufus. t. Vifa, 
 
 f~^y^fiod9-'';:J exhibireth unto us for this years 
 Confuis, M.Li: Hi Drafus and L.^ifo. The 
 St'''ian catalogue £>»«]",.-/ jnd ^tfo. L. V/fo fur- 
 r mcd Lmf^yii- s a man of Confular degree was 
 llain afier by the figurins when Lm. Cajfius 
 was Conful, as Orofius teliiijeth. 
 
 <?4^ 
 P. Scipio, L.Calpfirnius Beflia, 
 
 C^^JJlodorsis nameth this year for Confuis, P. 
 •Sc/f/oand L.C-!p •r»i:.s Bcfti.i, The Sicilian 
 records N'afici and Btftia. Oi[cquens^P:L\Sc:pio 
 and L.^aip-rrius. S d- jl^Eutropim^iTiA OrofiMS, 
 P, Scip:o jY.tficr. and L. Calp-;rnius Brflia. Of 
 thefc Confuis, P. N^/Jf.' ^cpo and \..Eefiia^V.i- 
 liri s likcwife m.'ikcth report, lib. 1. chap. (?. 
 Moreover C/Vrroinhis ^rw-f writeththat P, 
 Scpio the fon ofVul;, Scipm liirnamed Sc-ap 01 
 and fellow Consul to L.Ecfli.i, died in his Con- 
 fuliliip. Of this Bt(l a there is fome mention to 
 be feen in a capitol fragment. 
 
 Xxx X 3 
 
 ^44
 
 fXJ 
 
 ^O 
 
 The Qhronologie 
 
 644 
 
 S;>. PofthHTttius. U[<M$»utini. 
 
 r^Jpodorus fetteth down for Confuls,^;. 
 Pofihumitis and MMi»fititii. The Sicilian 
 regil^ers Klbims and Ruftts. Salufl-, Sf, Albims 
 and ^ Mimtim R''fi*f. Of M. Wmtius, Vel- 
 leiits and the threefcore and fevenih Epitome 
 make mention. 
 
 Q, Metelliis. M. Silanus. 
 
 f^ Jfiiodorus faith that the Confuls next fol- 
 lowing \N etc Q^ete lilts and }^.Silun*s. The 
 Sicilian catalogue niewethMf«//«^ and Silams. 
 V^diMUs and Eutropiusj Q». QAciUm bAetelltts 
 NftmidicHs, and M.Jmiut SiUnus. Of them al- 
 fo Cicero fpeakeih in Brutus. This Uetelhs was 
 fumamcd Numidicus for theconqueftof ^«* 
 mtdiA, as witneffeth VclUius. 
 
 646 
 
 Ser, Gali"*, 
 
 Jl<f. Scaurus, 
 
 r^Jfiodorns and Obfe^uens deliver for the 
 Confuls of this year, Servin' Calba andM. 
 Scai*rus. The Sicilian evidences, Sglpitius and 
 ScaarHs. Cicero in the Oration for RabiriaSf 
 faith that S.G^/^4 wasa man of Confular de- 
 gree, when Marius was the fixt time Conful. 
 of M. Sca'^rus the Conful, Velhius and Tacitns 
 make mention. This is that lA.A^irelius Sc(ih~ 
 yits-y who being afterwards in embaflage was by 
 the Cimbtians murdered, as appeareth in the 
 threefcore andfeventh Epitome. 
 
 647 
 
 L. Cajfius. 
 
 C. Mar int. 
 
 c^^ 
 
 "sicdarut joineth in the confulfhip this 
 "year, L. Caffius and C. M^irms. C;:^ima»s 
 book and the Sicilian records, Lo^gtnus and 
 and Marias.Pliny alfo miketh mention of them 
 in his I o book and 1 3 chap. Qicero in his ora- 
 tion for FUncitir- Plutarch in "Darius \ and 
 Cicero again in his third book oiDtttiesy wri- 
 teth, that C.M<ir«/« having taken thcrepulfe 
 twice for the office of vEdileftiip, was created 
 conful. 
 
 Q.Scrvilius Qapio, C, Atiliut. 
 
 OBfe^dens and C.t/7;o^(j>-«^ match confuls to- 
 gether this year, Q^Servilius Capig and C. 
 AtiliHs 9erran»s» The Sicilian monuments C<«- 
 p»« and Sermnns. In this year upon the third 
 <iayo(Ja>t:tary-, M.Tn/liut Cicero Wis bom, as 
 Cellins in his fifteenth book and eight and 
 twentieth chapt. hath left written. Much men- 
 tion there is made of thefe confuls in Cicero 
 and other ancient writers. 
 
 549 
 V.RtttiliHS Rhjus. 
 
 C.y^aKiliut, 
 
 PUhlius Rutilius Rufns and CMamlius^ are 
 put down by Ohfequens and Cajflodortis for 
 this years confuls. This P. Ruttlms, Cicero in 
 Brtitust calleth \.\\e.iono{ Marcus. About the 
 other conful the Ancals do vary ard dilagree ; 
 fome forename him C. others Cnetit. Some 
 name him M.Hanltus^oi):ieis Mallitis or Mani- 
 lias. But all this coniroverfy isdecicjedbyan 
 old antiquity in none nVuteolt: theinfcripti- 
 on whereof teftifieth that P.Ruttltus^jaACn, 
 Malliut were Confuls; as alfo the evidence of 
 the Sicilian rcgiflers, wherein written it is Rh~ 
 fus and Mallius. Of this M^/Z/w^jmention there 
 is made in 0'«>-oV Orations for ?lafjcius and 
 Murana : likewife in Valerius, Salnji, Tacitus., 
 Florus, Epttropius and Orofitts. That he was not 
 only a bafe man and of low biith,but alfo with- 
 out all vcrtuc and wit, in the courfe of his life 
 alfo vile and contemptible, Cicero writethin 
 his Oration for Plancins. Whereby it eafily ap- 
 peareth, that the \J\allii were a kinred different 
 from the ManlH.Vot oiCn.Mmnlitts a Patritian, 
 and that of a moft noble houfe, Cicero would 
 never have fpoken in fuch terms. 
 
 5jo 
 
 C.MariHS II, C.tUviusTimbria, 
 
 THe next Confuls are fee down by C^jftodo- 
 r»/,C.M<i>-f<«/the fecond time,and CFla- 
 vi:<s Fimbria: by Obfe^uem, C.Maritis andC. 
 Flavins. By the Sicilian rcgiflers Marias and 
 Fimbria: by ?adianhs upon the Oration for 
 CorneliMS, C. lAarius the fecond time, and C. 
 Fimbria: Item, C. Marius and CamsFLtviut, 
 Befidcs, pcere, Velleites, Valerius, Plutarehiiud 
 Others fpeak often of thefe ColT. 
 
 CMariMs III. 
 
 6^1 
 
 L.A'^relitts Orefies. 
 
 r^Aftodortts reporieth for this years Confuls, 
 C. Marius the third time> and L. Aurelius 
 Orefles. The Sicilian catalogue Mantts and 
 Orefies. Moreover, M<r<w eveninhisabfcno: 
 was elefted Conful thethirdtime? for fear of 
 the Cimbrian war which wasdefeated, asFel- 
 leiHs, Eutropins, the Breviary, and Cicero in bis 
 Oration concerning Provinces, do teftify. 
 
 C.Mariusir. jQ^.tutatius. 
 
 ]^Ext after them are put down for Confuls by 
 Cajjiodorns and ObfetjttenS^ C. Martins ihz 
 fourth time, and O. Lutatius. The Sicilian 
 regiflcrs exhibit unto us Marius and Catulut. 
 Vltitarch and EutrepiuSiCaius Marias the fourth 
 time, aDfUQ^.tfitatifisCatulus. Of thefe Con- 
 fuls, Cicero and Pliny oftentimes make men- 
 tion. 
 
 <f5i
 
 toT.Liv'ms, 
 
 106] 
 
 H 
 
 <J53 
 
 C.MariM.y. M'.Aijuilitu^ 
 
 THen fucceeded in theConfulfhip by the 
 tefiimony oi CaJfiodorWyCManiti the fit't 
 time, and M'.Atjutlius. Of this CM^rtMs five 
 times now Conl'ul, Plutarch and Fiorut give 
 report. And Cicero in his lecond book ota per- 
 fedi Orator, nameth M\Aqntl:Usiot thecom- 
 pioion of C. /^<ir/iMinhisfiftconfulfliip- Oi 
 ■whom Plutarch in y1//rr/«/fpeaketh,and callcth 
 him fxet*'/©- a.KJf.KiO-, as alio -^ppian in Mhhri- 
 datica. Now this Mumta AqMili::t a Confular 
 mantis the fame, who afterwards being an Em- 
 baflador, was by King Mnhridnes taken prifo- 
 ner, and moft villanoufly tormented and man- 
 gled. 
 
 654 
 C. M/ir/ Ht VI. LyJerius Fl.iccus. 
 
 C\j1ifiodortts and Ob^ecjuens fheW unto US for 
 this years confuls, C. Marms the (ixt titne, 
 and Lw.V^/^r/w* Flaccw. The Sicilian recordSj 
 MartHS znA Ttaccus, This L.Flxrtu (after- 
 wards Cenfor) was PrefidentoftheSenat, and 
 maHer of the horfemen under 5;//.i Dictator. 
 Of thefe confuls Cicero fpeakcth very often;and 
 namely, in his Brutus^ in his oration for Rabiri- 
 m, againH CatUin; and Antonie i and alfo in the 
 defence of PlimHs. Vli;ry likewifein his fe- 
 cond book, VtUeiiu-, zadV/tdiamu upon the 
 oration againft P//^. Moreover, Plutarch^ sad 
 many authors belides. In this year ('upon the 
 tweltthday of y.'/Zy, then called OftintiUs, as 
 M.icrobitu witncfleth) was C.C^/^rbornjWho 
 afterwards was iaitamtdDclator. 
 
 M. Antoni»s. A.Pcfl:<miiis, 
 
 REported it is by Cajftodortu and Obfequeutt 
 that yl/. AntoniUi and A. Pofiumtw were 
 Confuls this ye.ir. The Sicilian regifters, fhew 
 uilboim and Antonitu, In a fragment alio of 
 the Capitol marbles, mention there is of ^.'.'. 
 Fofliimiits. C^IP'""*"^ book and the Greek re- 
 cords, have Kitonim and Albtnus, Qf thefe 
 Confuls, (- icero fpeaketh in his oration to the 
 citi2ens oi Rome, after his return out of exile. 
 LikewifejP/(«y in bis 8 book and 7 chap, where 
 henoteth this the 65 j year. Alfo Gellins in his 
 4 book and<5 chapr. 
 
 O. Alete!l»s. T.Didius. 
 
 Q'l ntus MetcUus and T. Didiui fucceeded 
 Confuls next in this year, as Cajfiodorut 
 and Oh[c(]He>:s do write. And P<idiayiM upon 
 the oration for Co>-»f//«/, nameththem: Cuno 
 (faith he) accufed Q^MeteU^s JVcpesy\on o^Ba- 
 learictUfitid nephew oilAaccdo>iicus^ who was 
 Conful with T.Did:f:s. Cicero fpeaketh of the 
 fame man in his oraiion after his remrn. 
 
 6)7 
 C», Lentulhs, P. Crajfits, 
 
 jOt only C.ifiiodorus, but the Sicilian regi- 
 Iters alio, doteHify, thatC>.Lm*^/.//»nd 
 ?.€rapfs were Confuls this year: and Obfe- 
 
 ejteetjs mmcth them, Cfi.Corr:ehiis 3T)d P. Ltci- 
 mtis, IV/«;writeth of them in his- tenth book 
 and firit chapt. alio in his 3 3 book and fecond 
 chapter. 
 
 658 
 C». DortHtiuj. C. CJfiHs. 
 
 T His year had for Confuls, C«. Domititts and 
 C. CajfiMs-y as CiJfiodorM4 and Obfecjuens do 
 witnefs. Cnlptmurs aniuls and the Greek rci- 
 fiers,fliew ty£r.ebarbusind Lffw^;;,/. A fragment 
 oiVer.Fhccus his mi:b\eS;ey£nobarb/^s zad C. 
 Caffius fon ot Lucius. Paat.mMf fpeaketh of 
 them upon the oration iozComelins. ^ 
 
 L. Crajfiis. , Q.Sc£vff!a, ' 
 
 Jtlcius Craf.'is and Q^.ScdvoLt were confuls 
 next following,according to CdfuodorM and 
 Obfequens. In a fragment of the capitol records 
 as touching Confuls, is to be feen Cr.tjf^is and 
 Ai.'ttitis, In Qctiforinns^ we find Lu. Licmius 
 fon oiLftcifs.Cicero in his Brutus writeth,thac 
 Cr («/■«/ the oracorbare all dignities ofmagifira- 
 cy, together with Sc*vola the high-prielf, ex- 
 cept the Tribunat of commons and the Ccn- 
 lorfhip: alfo that whiles they two were Con- 
 fuls, Qj Hortetifius pleaded the firfi caufe that 
 ever he undertook, at the bar. Vadiaiius upon 
 the oration of Cicero for QorneliuSj maketh 
 mention ot L.Ltcinius Crajf'fs the Orator, and 
 Q^.A-dniusSciivoU thearch-biniop, an orator 
 befides and a profefied lawyer, both Confuls 
 together. 
 
 660 
 C,C<s:li!{s. L.TJomitius. 
 
 -ijsiedorus and Obfijaois declare for this 
 years Confuls;r.C<£///;^j and L.Pow/fw.The 
 Sicilian regifiers, Ci/i«/and t^nob^rb^s. In a 
 capirol fragment.theyare Caldasind {jt.Domi- 
 tins fon of C»i As for Caldus. i t is the furnamc 
 oi'Citiifis. For Vf//f<Mj maketh mention of one 
 C.d/(^;r^,under hu?/'[};is. In like manner Cicero 
 in his book cncituled, Thefuingt'or aConfuI- 
 fliipand in his orationfor Miimn.x. Alfo Pitdi- 
 <i««/ upon the Oration for Cor»f/w. Again, 
 Cicero inhis^r«f«j, nameththem next before 
 Herenm:s. 
 
 661 
 Q.WitleriMt F Siccus. M.HerenntHS. 
 
 THere are marched by Caftlodjr»s andObfe- 
 cjuensfr.i confuls this yziZ-Cy-'leri-.is FLiC' 
 CMS and M. Hertnmus. The Sicilian records, 
 FUccMs and Herennms. A broken (tone of the 
 capitol, hath Flaccui undM.HerenKHis. PUnim 
 in his 29 book and 3 chapt. O^-^ro alfo in his 
 Oration for lA>ir£ f/i,znd in £r;<i»-fj fpeaketh of 
 them. 661 
 
 c^/^
 
 io5t 
 
 TheChromlogie 
 
 66z 
 C.CUfdtfii Pttlcher, M.Ver^enna. 
 
 /~*On fills this year, vitxeC.Cl'>f*dttisPHlcher, 
 ^"'and M.Ve-ps>3»a,zs witnels CafsitdorusiDd 
 0^p:7-'f'?^< Like wife in a :apicol broken monu- 
 menc, and in rhe Si ilian rcgilier it is Pulcher 
 and M, Pcrp^yia. r.icero makethmeniioD of 
 thi5C/'»<^«*asPietorof ^/c/// in the fourth 
 Oration 'gainll l^err s'. and as £dile Curulein 
 hi.s fci ond book oi Offices. So doih fli»y in his 
 Shook. 
 
 L^Martm. Sext. Julius. 
 
 CAffmiorm and Oh^eqmfis name for confuls 
 this year, f>. M^rt: s and Sext.J ■Im.'Wsz 
 Si< ilian records PlilpM^dCdJar. Entrofitu 
 avdOrof!itf Srx.Jul nsCaJart ard L. Mnrttta 
 Pi.i/-ppi^. A capitol fragment, P: ilpandSe^f. 
 Jul M ianniC'itn. P/ «v Ipeaketh ofthem in 
 his 2 book 8 hapt. ^Ifo.in ihe jt .' book and 3 
 chapt. in like manner C'ffo many times, and 
 Yalei IMS, 
 
 664 
 
 LJ HusCdfr. P.Ri/tii !tf Lfipus. 
 
 A Ccordins to Qajfiodorm zxs6 O' ffquenslh^ 
 ■'^Conruls this \e r were L Jul v Csf'^r- and 
 P.Rui I us Lfiprti. And fo it is in i^ttdionw Vel- 
 /i/«^ and the75 tpirome: a'; aifo inorher au- 
 thor< who ha\ e writtL-n o' the M^srhan war. In 
 a fngmenf of thecaoitol,they are feen written, 
 f^/(r,and P.Rutdi ton of ^«/</.r. In the Sicili- 
 an ecords TtfOir und 1 'ipt>s Cicero in his book 
 of Divination, fpejketh of rbemboth : and in 
 hi< oration tor /'//?•'-.•«/ he wr^tethjthat L.Ctt- 
 /<;jr miflingofan £dilefiiipbccameaConful. 
 
 L. Portiuf. Cti. Pempeiuf. 
 
 r^ fftodo-us (ettetb down for Confuls this 
 year L.Voni s indi Cn.V omp m . P <s.dur,'us 
 upon the Oration (or Cor-'il'tts furnamed Ctf. 
 P uprius '-trji o\ and L.Pin cttit, Cato, The O- 
 piioi fragment fl^ew no more butS/r ^aand 
 Cito. Appius hit h made mention ot thefe con- 
 fuls: fo have 0--o/f«f and others that have pen- 
 ned the M .man wir, This Cw. Pompeiu' was fa- 
 ilur to that (.» Pcn.pe «.' the Great :as -Appia- 
 »«t witn-fleth, and ?<«<ii,..« upon the Oration 
 againlt P/p. 
 
 66$ 
 L, Sylit. Q.. Vompdus. 
 
 (2 'fft'>d9''fis fheweth for this years Confuls, 
 L.Srlht and Q.. Porr.petus- and the fame is 
 written in O/fc-^mm, P^ell.'itti "Emropius Oroftus-, 
 yipp-at VI mtA, and others. The Sicilian re- 
 cords. have 5i//,r and Rutilua.Sylla after his vi- 
 fi^ory inihecivil war,wonld needs hive himfelf 
 furnamed Fa-'/ v and therefore VadiM and the 
 avouchers of the capitol monuments, in repor- 
 
 ting this corrfulat, Write thus ; L.S«//,i,who af- 
 terwards was tailed Foelix.l]^ fame man in his 
 fecond Confuifliip, (which appeareth upon re- 
 cord in the capitol)is named the fon of L««/<x, 
 and nephew oiPtt'/itts. Moreover.of j^P<?w- 
 peiMs RufusjCicero maketh mention in his Brff 
 
 IMS. 
 
 66j 
 
 l^.CeryicliMsCinna. C^.OB^viut. 
 
 REported there arc by C ■j^«<^ar«/andthe 
 Sicilian regiiieis for Conlnisrhis year.L. 
 CitinaindQnOEinviu', Appun felleiKs.iodlhi 
 relijwho have recorded thehiltory of this time, 
 name them L.CornLLi-.t dnnat and Cn.Oclavius, 
 Plutarch writeth,ch u L.C <«««» being of the ad- 
 vcrfefadlion to Z...<^.-.7/.i,wasby him made con- 
 ful, upon condition that he {houid not crofs 
 nor ftand agiinlt the prO' eeding ot the laid L«. 
 SylL : and lo foonas ne wa'^enrred into place 
 of "Overnmcnr, he began tocroublcand dif- 
 quiet the prefenc ftatc ot the common-weal, 
 yea, and intended anailionagainrt Su/la^ by 
 the means of Firgimiz Iribuneof the otn- 
 mons. Howbeii Sw//<i contemning Vrginius^ 
 made an expedition aga'nft Mtthrtdattt, 
 
 668 
 L.Cim.'' II. C. Maru < r/f. 
 AFterthis. wereConi'uls, C, Manns the ^t' 
 
 venih time, and L.O»»' the I'econd time, 
 according to the records ofS-c//, C Jfijdorus^ 
 and thofe that wrote of the ci» il war. Plutarch 
 faith, that Muribs was the firif man that was 
 feven tiines conful oi Rome Moreover iS ir is to 
 bereadin^^/>,vi'?,andin theBrevi iries L.C'-ny* 
 andC. Mart:is without any law nlaflembiy tor 
 Elcdlion, declared tbcmfelves Conlulsagainft 
 this year and the very fame day that 'hey entred 
 into their magirtracy M<« «.f commanded St.rf. 
 Liciums a Senator, to'be thrown down from 
 thero k Tarpeia- who after he had committed 
 man) hainoos rimes ardouc/ajies. ended his 
 daies upon the Ides ofjanuarji : in whole room 
 was fubotdained, L.F'. I, F/iccus, even he (as 
 men think) who before-time was colleague to 
 C.hUrtuj'mhis fixt Confiilftiipiof whom C*' 
 cero maleth mention in his Oration for his fon 
 FlaccMs, 
 
 669 
 h.Q.i*tna III. Cn.Papirius. 
 r^AJpgdorus witnefleth that rhe Confuls fuc- 
 
 ceedingin this year were L.Civ.^a the third 
 time, and Cu. P piriut. The Sirilip.n records, 
 haveC<«w«i md Cartt. In the 8j Breviary it is 
 written ihat L/<.C/>»«<! and C*,P ptrius Cfrbo, 
 for two years together ulurped the Confulate, 
 Alfo in the book entituied Of famous perfons, 
 we read that Ciw^^mide him'ijl'^^Con uia fe- 
 cond and third time. Otthe'e Confuls Vlutarch 
 fpeaketh in %ulU. Appt^n in Mithrtdatica^zvA in 
 the firft book of civ il wa^s. 
 
 670 
 
 L.dnuM IF. C». Vapirius II, 
 
 Ext were Confuls, after C^fnidorus and 
 (he£pitomi(l, Lu. CfM»^ the tourib time, 
 
 snd 
 
 N
 
 to T. Livius. 
 
 1 06^ 
 
 and C». Papir'fts the fc :ond time- Cieere in his 
 Tofculan queliions meocioneth Cm-a four 
 times Con III: fodoth Smciohiw id C.tejar, And 
 ofCn.Paptrttti C^r^oiwi^e Conluli tr.e .ap.tol 
 tables doyeeid teltimony. A-'orihe Sitilian 
 records, they put down tor conl'ul ('not with- 
 out rulpition ot error) Carcjo and Scribonins. 
 
 L, Scip'o. 
 
 6-jt 
 
 C. Nor y anus. 
 
 BEfides the Sicilian tables, Caffiodorw^ Obft- 
 !j^CMSy j^ppius, EH!ropittf-,F/ortn-,itid I ACt- 
 /wjinhis ninteenth book do witnel's, thatL;/. 
 Sr«/)/», and C. Norhantu were Confuls. In the 
 Capitol tr^gments it is written, L«. Comclms 
 fon oiLmcuts, nephew oiL.Scipw Kfi.ttictti. 
 
 M- Caritu. Cn, Carbt lUt 
 
 T Find in Cajftodorus, ^ppianus, r'elleins, and 
 others, the next confuls to ha* e been, C. Ma- 
 rim and Cn.Carbo the third titne. This C, Ma- 
 rim was the brothers fon otC. M.j/-/j« feven 
 times conful, according to Appi-^n ■ bin VelUi- 
 MiP^terailfts, Pint arch ^ Etttropius and Others, 
 fay, that he was the Ion of that CMantu : and 
 haply indeed he was adopted by C. Ma-'iui. 
 Certainly, in the Lapitol tables, he i<: called C. 
 Marttu^ fon of C. and nephew niCaiw. Cicero 
 fpeaketh ot thefeCoff.agtiinlt RuHhs •■ Vli^y alfo 
 inhis 17 book and they who have fet down io 
 writing the civil wars oiSjlla, 
 
 6-11 
 M'.Tullitu. Cn.Dolabella. 
 
 ^Ext toxho^z, Caffiodortu bringeth in for con- 
 ■'' fuls, Ai'.Tulliw and Q«. Dol.tbeUa. The 
 Sicilian records, have DecuLt and Dal'tbelLi. 
 ^;)p/<»'j alfo reportcth, that Sj-ZJ^Diftator,!© the 
 end that the flate and common-weal might 
 feem to retain fome fliew yet other ancient 
 dionity,permitted M'.TulUiis and Cornelius Dc- 
 labelLi to be created confulsiwhileshimfelf af- 
 ter the manner of K.fate aloft in a throne above 
 them. Ctccroin his oration againR Rullts, ir\d 
 Cellius in his 15 book and 33 chap, maketh 
 mention of M',Tu/l»sind Cn.Comelttucoa- 
 fuls. In a capitol fragment- this M' .Tt^ihusfyn 
 of iW. nephew of Ji. is furnamed Decnla. 
 
 L. Sylla II. Q; Metclhs. 
 
 ^^//sfl^orw and the Sicilian regiflers,fet down 
 for Confuls, Lu, Syll* the fecond time, and 
 jQ, Met I ll::s. Appns faith moreover, that S)l- 
 U-, Didator though he was, yet (iood content 
 and willing to be declared conful with ^Ms- 
 tell.'s P/us, to the end that the common-weal 
 might feem to have feme likenefs yet of a tree 
 fhte. Of thele confuls, Cicero maketh mention 
 in his Orations againft Werres, and elfewhere. 
 Gf///«/iikewife in his 1 5 book and 18 chapter, 
 together with C/iJfiodor»s. This Metellt'.sviiS 
 fornamed Pins. He it is, who was by lot ap- 
 
 pointed to manage the wars in Sp^in and a» 
 gaiatt Sertoritts i and fon he was to N:'.midicns> 
 
 <575 
 V.Sirvi liui . App. Cl.wHus, 
 
 THe next confulsiwere P.Scrvilint and Apl 
 ClamiiHSyZi wiinefleth t^/poaarw.In the 
 Sicilian t ibles it appeareth that ttieir lurnames 
 were. ^^r'<« and P.lcber: ot vihcm Appianm 
 writeth thus i I he people of j\; weinobfequi- 
 ousmannerto court S///. rhrDIiftator, reque- 
 fied of him that he would nrtinuecoDfiiiHill 
 another year: But Sj.'/.i woiiid iione of th^t: 
 and took order that Ser. /f^Kyic^sznd CU d^Us 
 Pule her -id-ioald be declared Cofl. (aafra;^mcnc 
 of the capitol he is thus written ; P 'b.Sfrvilns 
 Vatia^ called ^fteI wards .'faunctis: which fur- 
 name he took ofthe Ilaurians, a nation in^^A- 
 c:a whom he fubdued. My authors are fadia- 
 ntu upon the Orations oidcero againlf V mii 
 Strr.bo^nhh 14 book ; /i^.jrcf///««J like wile in 
 his 14 book, with others. 
 
 M. Lepidut. 
 
 6j6 
 
 Q^ C^tuliis. 
 
 MAr. Lep'dus and O.Catulns, are by Cafsi- 
 odorfu named Confuls for this year. PIu- 
 t.irch reporteth.that when L.SylLt had given up 
 hisDi^uorrtitp andreftored again to the peo- 
 ple of RowifthefrCc: liberty to difpofe ofconfu- 
 lar dignities in their folemn affemblies foe 
 elections ; M Lrp dus an enemy to Sylla, and 
 an audacious perfon, was declared Conful be- 
 fore Cmi'Ihs^ and had the prehcminence above 
 him, by theearneil endeavour of rw.Pjwpf/w. 
 Ofthefe Conful?, P//»; maketh mention inhis 
 56 bookj wherein he laith that they governed 
 in the year 676. Likewile, C'cero in his Orati- 
 on for Cornelius •■ FlorHS out of Livy : faleri/tt 
 1 book 3 chap, and Eutropfw, 
 
 M.tyEmylius. D.Brmiu, 
 
 THis year had for Confuls,by the teflimony 
 of Cafsiodorfis and Obfecjuent^ M. t/£myltut 
 ind D.BrHtut. Macer a Tribune of the com- 
 mons, fpeiketh oftheminSir/vy?, complaining 
 that the commons were by the nobles oppref- 
 fed. In like fort, C'cere in -^r«^',f^and in his fe- 
 cond book of Duties, as alfo Vdemts in the 7 
 book and 7 chap. This M.ty£myltus was furna- 
 med LepidysiTid LiviaiM '• for out of the fami- 
 ly of Livies he was adopted by M.Leptdui. and 
 therefore right well he is called, ioxxoi Ma-^ 
 mercy.s, 
 
 Cn. Ocl4vii*s% C. QurtB. 
 
 VErrifu Pldccus fetteth drwn for Conful?, 
 Cn.Oilavius fon of t/.nephpvv ot C. and 
 C.^crihonms Cf -/o.The famedo' h C ce^o report 
 in BrtftHs. So do S.:/ y?, Obf.ejfir s Lacla > -its 
 in his firft book, and Plmy in his fecond book 
 
 and
 
 ic6i 
 
 The Cromlogie 
 
 and 35 chajfiter. Ctc. in his B>-wa/,and Vliny in 
 bis 7 book and 41 thapt. make report of three 
 Cah c,iir>o!!i,z\\ Orators to wit, the father, the 
 fon^ and the fens Ion or nephew. 
 
 6^9 
 
 L.Oclavtas. C.Cotta. 
 (~^JjJiodonis putteth down for confuls this 
 year, L. Oct^viu4 3ndC. Cotta. Ob[eqnenst 
 C.hureiftis and L.0c}av'MS4 Pliny in his fecond 
 book and 3 5chapt. C/cfralikewife in his third 
 and fifth Orations againtf f'errcs, maketh men- 
 tion ot L.OElaviun, and C. uiurelim codMs. 
 Upon the broken marbles of the capitol, they 
 flandto be fecn, L.O^aviusioa ofC«.nephew 
 of C«. and C. yiMrdhts. This year the Sicilian 
 regifters over- skip. P^c^^y^^/** writeth,that there 
 were at this time three Co«"'ibrethren,and all 
 of confijjar degree, namely, O/a;, Marcu^inA 
 
 680 
 L.LicirsiMs Lacullus, M. Cotta. 
 
 I70r this years confuls, C afsiedorti s icgiRmh 
 L.LmcuU S-, zrtd A/,Cot/-i7. The Sicilian re- 
 cords, 'LucttlL-iS and Cotta, Eutropius, y^fftantu 
 in Mitbrid-^tica^ and P/inarchiaL>tcullfts,Di' 
 meth them, L.L'cmins LhchUus, and M\ Ah- 
 rdiHs Cotta. Mention there is made of them by 
 Cicero 3gainft-Fc>->-f^ ; and by f/o>'«^ inthc'93 
 and 94 Epitomes, This L,Z.a<r«//«ihad forhis 
 grand-father that LucMhs^ who was caniul 
 with A. AlbtMfiSj as Cicero and Vldarch do te- 
 ftify. 
 
 681 
 Jl^. Laculliis. C Caffius. 
 
 'T'His year (by the tefiimony of C^fsiodoras,) 
 had forconl'uls, M.Utcidltity and Q.Caffim: 
 but the Sicilian records, nominate Marcellns 
 AndCaffiHs: whomC/Vfrcin an oration againft 
 Verra^ nameih Ai.Tcrentim and C.Ca/fins: 
 faying that the laws Terentia and Caffia-, were 
 by them promulgcd. For, fo tar forth as we 
 may conjecture by the capitol fragmentp,M.£<«- 
 cin.m LticullKs, was adopted by M'Tirentius 
 Viirro. and therefore called M. TerentinsYdrro 
 Lucullns. CtccYo in L-.cid'.us. and Pltttarch-jiT!^^ 
 Y.X.ucuIIks and ^^.Lucullus brethren, whom£«- 
 tropms nameth cofin germans by two fibers, 
 Thatthei'nrnameof C^j/7/«/was V'arpis-, appea- 
 reth both by a conduit pipe or waterfpouc of 
 lead found in Royug, and alio for that -Jlppalnm 
 hisfouith book, writeth that C.CaffimYarm^z 
 man who had been Conful, was condemned 
 and outlawed by the Triumvirs. 
 
 6%i 
 Cn. AufidiUSt P. Lenttilus. 
 
 C^AjfiodorHs fettetb down for confuls this 
 ./year,C». At'fidins, and P.Lemultts. The Si- 
 cihan regillers havcLf««/«/and Ojv/?^^. Eh- 
 tropifis-, C. Lentalus aad Cn. AstfidttisOreftes, 
 This Cn. Aiifiditis Orefles^ when he went befide 
 a Tribunfhip of the commons, was chofen con- 
 ful, as C/Vsro writeth in his oration for P/^wfi- 
 «/. This is that P.LenttHus furnamed -S/<r<j,who 
 afterwards, being a man of confular calling, and 
 who had been twice Prctor, was hanged and 
 {Irangled todesth when ^/c^co was conlul, for 
 that he had confpired with Catilm: whofe 
 grand-father was P.Lentuh't Prei.dert ofthe 
 Senat, as Cicero faith, pleading for his houfe, 
 and inveighing againft CatHin : as alfo P<^/<j- 
 
 ntis. 
 
 N 
 
 684 
 M, Crafftts, Cn. Pompem. 
 
 . LCellu: 
 
 6S: 
 
 Cn.heKtttlfS. 
 
 ^He confuls nexc following, by the report of 
 CjffiydrrtfSy were L. Gellins and Cx.Lent/i- 
 lus. In like fort C.-cfr^ maketh mention of them 
 in his oration for Bull^its, and ell'ewhere. Pln- 
 tarrh&Mo inCra//;//,w"ith EutropiHs and OrnfiH!, 
 Ct:[p!nii;ns book flicwcth Popli cola 3nd Lent n- 
 Itis. Now the furname of L.G>///«x was Poplico- 
 fty as TOtnefleth OnnphriHs. 
 
 Ext to them were Qo^.M.CrAJfui and Cn". 
 
 PompciuS, iccoid'wg to CaJfiodore^Piutarchy 
 Appianyind theSicilian records.Their fumamcs 
 for certain,werer)/wjand MAgnHi.hWi^itold. 
 writers fpeak much of this their firft Coaful- 
 fi^ip. ?l::tarcb reporteth that L.Crafas attain- 
 ed to the Confolar dignity, by the means of 
 Ptmpeiusthe conful. Befides,Gi<:<?>-o,S<f/*»/?)/'<<- 
 diati writing upon the oration for Cornelius ^ind 
 all other authors fpeak of thefe confuls. 
 
 685 
 
 QMete/lufl ^. Hartenfius. 
 
 'J^Hen followed confuls, Q, Metellut and Q^ 
 Hertenjiiis, as Caffiodareaad the Sicilian ca- 
 talogue do teftify. /'<f^r^««j matcheth ^MeteU 
 lus Creticus mih. i^. HortettJtMs that: great Ora- 
 tor ! Likewife, Jofephns in his fourteenth book 
 of Je Willi antiquities. Cicero in BrutHs calleth 
 this ^.^(7rfi?«/;/^j5 the fon oiLucitis. QMetel- 
 Im afterwards upon the conqueft made oiCrete 
 lurnamed Creticus^ was the fon of Z-. Ddmati- 
 cm-, as maybe gathered out oiVsdtanMsM^ton 
 the Oration of Tw/Zy [called D/i//»^fw] againft 
 Verres, 
 
 IL.Metd/us. QMarciHS. 
 
 PiL/£diiinm writing upon TuUi's Oration a- 
 gainftf//«; Dio likewife iod C^podorMst 
 join together in the confulfhip this year,L.^<«- 
 cili»sMete//»i, and ^.Marcins. The Greek re- 
 cords,M<2rc/«j- Rex^ind Metdlf(s.Th\s Metel/usj 
 Dio writeth to have died in the very beginning 
 of his magi(kacy : that he alfo who wasfubfti- 
 luted in hisroom,Ieft this life before he entred 
 into the government : and theruponit was not 
 thought good to fubeledl: any more: and by thac 
 means Q^.Marcins bare that dignity alone: and 
 himSii/-/entituleth with theTurnameofiJ^'A-. . 
 This L. Hetellus was brother to Q. Creticus, as 
 Padian witnefletb. 
 
 6S7
 
 toT.hivhs, 
 
 687 
 
 C. fifa. M'.GUhrio. 
 
 THcre fuccecded Confuls, C. Vif* and M'. 
 GUbrio.) witnefs Cajfiodore and the Sicilian 
 records. And in Dio they follow immediacly by 
 the mmtoi Mamtts Keilius and C'^'f"- Cicero 
 in his twelfth book of Epiflles to AtticiUyijpez- 
 keth of C. Pifo and M". Acili:<s GUbrio, men of 
 Confalar place and calling. Ptcdian in his co- 
 mentaries upon the oration focCor»e/itami- 
 keth mention of C.P/pand the hwCaipurna by 
 him made, as ton :hing inordinate and indireft 
 fuite after dignities of ftate. Moreover,of them 
 VAltrifu id his fourth book writeth. 
 
 688 
 M". Ltpidns. tyolcatius. 
 
 C^jilp.odore putteth down for ConfulS;W4«/w 
 Lepidw, and with him L,Tor^uatiis^\ix. un- 
 truly, The Greek records have Volcatius Tullw. 
 Dio Lu. Tulltu , and ty£ryij[iui Lepidns. Sds^fi 
 In Catiline^ L.ThUm and M'.L^pdus. ?£du>t 
 Wpon the oration for Comelitu-, M\ Lepidw 
 znd'L.VolcAtiM*. Cicero\n\\\% oration for Sulla 
 hath L.VolcAttiu Tullw. foasit appfeareth it 
 fhould be, \A'.^mjlitu LepidMs, and LyhleA' 
 tins Tulltu, 
 
 689 
 L, Qotta, L,Tori!jHatta, 
 
 THe Confuls eleft> were L.Amremus Vatta 
 (as it appearech upon a monument of a tri- 
 umph in the capitol, and not AntroniM^ as 
 commonly it is read) and P.Corneliut Sulla: 
 who being condemned for ambitious feeking 
 after that office, and having therefore fuffercd 
 condign puniniment, their accufers ftept into 
 theirplace of government, namely, L.A'*relitu 
 fon of Marcui, fumamed Cotta > and L. Man- 
 liHs fon of Lwc/Mjjfurnamed alfo Torc^untus : as 
 teftify Sulmfi^tDio, Padian upon the oration for 
 CornkiMiyZod that which he made in his white 
 tobe : and laflly, Tram^niBus in C<e/xr. 
 
 L. Cafdr, C.Figulttt. 
 
 THe year next enfuing had for Confuls, by 
 iheteftimonyofCrf^9<ior(fj ?<cdia»wt and 
 the Sicilian records, L.Cafanod C.Ft^Hltu., 
 whom Dio calleth Ludfu Cajar, md Lucius 
 Ad.irtius fon of C^)*/,furnamed Figulus, Cicero 
 in his oration for S.'<//4, nameth them L. JhUhs 
 and C.Figttl^i '■ fodoth Salu[i laC^tiiina. This 
 L. J.vliM C&far is his fon who was Conful in 
 the Marhan war. ' 
 
 Jewifli antiquities 14 book 8 chapter. />//„. io 
 his eight book and three and fiftieth chapter, 
 Trancjuilliis in the life of /f IKfiuSf^ppian^Ew 
 frop:Ms, Vadiany and others. 
 
 D. SiUnus, L.Murtina. 
 
 yHere followed confuls next, D. SiUnm, and 
 _ L.Muranay as Caffiodorus, Saiii^, and the 
 Sicilian records do witnefs. C/o calleth them 
 'D.Junius fon of M.furnamed S;/<e«;/x:and L.Li- 
 einiut fon of L. furnamed Mur£»a. Eutropius 
 nameth them D.Jamus Sila»$is, and L.Liemi- 
 tn, fon of that L. Mur£>ta who in quality of 
 Pro-pretor triumphed over Mithrid'.tes fas 
 Cicero faith^ pleading for /l/«rrf:;;^himfe)f, be- 
 ing accufed and in trouble for unlawful feeking 
 to be Cof. In th is aflembly for eledion of Cof. 
 L.Sergius Catilina fufV'ered cliefecond repulfe: 
 for anger whereof, in a melancholy he brake 
 out into iconfpiracy, and praaifed againft the 
 ftate; andlikewile Sewius Pulpit iui Rufus tht 
 lawyer, who afterwards accufed MurAna for 
 the crime aforefaid. 
 
 M> Pupiui, M. VderiHt. 
 
 i^Aftodorus letteth down for Confuls this 
 ycit^M.Pupius and U.^alerius. The Sicili- 
 an regifiers, Pijo and Mef,i/a. Dio, M. Pupius^ 
 ion of M. furnamed Pifo: asidM, VaUrint'ion 
 of i^/.furnamed MefaLi N// fr. Of this M-faU 
 Niger, there is alfo mention made by Pad/an 
 upon the oration for Scaitrus. A'.fo of M.Mef- 
 faU and M. Vifo, in Plinies feventh book, ,and 
 fix and twentieth chapter, feven and thirtieth 
 book, cap. fecond, and the eight book, chap.fix 
 and twenty. And in C<efars firft bookotjthc. 
 Gauls war. Of Af.P,/o P^iian likewife fpeakeih 
 writing upon the oration againft Vifo, 
 
 1065 
 
 69^ 
 
 Q.Mttellus, 
 
 Q, Afntfiiut, 
 
 C^f'o 
 
 M. Cicero. 
 
 691 
 
 C. ArttontHS. 
 
 THe Confuls this year, were M. Tullimion 
 of yl /.furnamed Cicero,ix\d {.Automas fon 
 of M. as teftify Dh in his feven and thirtieth 
 book, Caffiodore, S^/*/? in his Catilinary orati- 
 on, WelleiHs in his fecond bookj Jofeph in his 
 
 ftodarns and the Sicilian regiflers nomi-' 
 'nate for this years Confuls, Q. Metellns and 
 L. AfricAnus. The like doth Obfecjuent and C«-'. 
 t.'ruin hisf^ri^ bookof Epiftles to Atticus. Dia 
 nameth them L. Afr^wins fon ofL. and Q^ C<c- 
 eiliut^'on of Q^ furnamed Maellus Cf/f r.Both 
 of them were advanced to the Confulate (as 
 Dio wiinefletb) by the means of Pompeius, for 
 they had been both twain his Lieutenants fer- 
 ving under him in -^Jla^ 
 
 C.Cafar, U.Bibului, 
 
 r^Afflodorus.Sitttonius, together with the Sici- 
 lian tables and the Breviaries, do m ttch to- 
 gether for confuls this year, C.Cafir and M.Si~ 
 hulus. Dio., Cjiiliusion of C.C<t/i»-.and Vi.Cal- 
 purnius. Plutarch and Appian,C,J^:/ins Crtfary 
 and C.BtbulKi, Albeit Appia» as aii'o Emropius 
 and OrofiHs give Bibalm the forename ot Luci- 
 Hj. OiCtf'^r and Bibulus, Cicero fpeaketh in his 
 firft book of EpiftleSj writing to Limuhf, , , 
 
 S^4
 
 ic66 
 
 The Qhronologie 
 
 -*-- 
 
 696 
 
 L.PiJo. h.Gabinius. 
 
 f^JlfiodorHS and the Sicilian records (hew for 
 ^Confuls this year, L. P-fo and v#. GabtntHs. 
 J)io. L.Calpurmt{s(oO of L.P'/o: and A.Gaiini- 
 us ^OT^oi yiultis. C4ar, Cicert, Plutarch, and 
 C.'Jfiodorus, L.Pi/o,and A.Gdimtts.C4'^rw\- 
 reth of them in his firft book of the Gauls war, 
 and Vlutarch in the life oiCate the yonger. C<- 
 deroalfoin his oration againft Pifo awiforSfAr- 
 tius. This ?//« the Conful C«V*ro and Prf^«V» 
 furnamed C<t[oniiiS, for fo his grand- father be- 
 fore him was called,as appeareih in the capitol 
 »ecordsfct the year 606. 
 
 * Sicundtmm. 
 
 ' A Yuffixn. 
 * Tenimum. 
 
 t>. Lentnlm. 
 
 6pj 
 
 ^. yietellHS. 
 
 THe Confuls following for this year, were 
 by Caffiodorttt and the Sicilian records, P. 
 lentfilfts and Q,.UetcllMS. By Dio, Vuh.Coryieb- 
 ffs fon oiPmhliHtXeritnlffs Spimher ' and Q,C«- 
 cilius fon oiQuMeteUus Nepos. Of them fpea- 
 keth FaleriHsWi his ninth book. Lentttlus (qd. 
 he) and lAttellMs companions in the confulfhip 
 were beheld and feen both upon the ftage like 
 plaiers: but the one of them took the furname 
 of Sptnther * one of the fecondfort of adors : 
 the other, but that he had gotten the name of 
 * iVifpo/ already for his lewd behaviour, fliould 
 have been called Pamfhilns^ after the name of * 
 oneofathird forr, whom for all the world he 
 refembled. Of the fame men, C«:<ro in his firft 
 book of Epililes^ and in very many of his ora- 
 tions.P/»'7 alfo in his feventh book and fecond 
 chapter, P tut arch in the life ot Ciceroy and all 
 other writers make much mention. 
 
 Cm. Lentttlus. L. ?hiUppHt. 
 
 (^AJJt(idorns\>mKih down for Confuls, Ck. 
 ^= ;«,.-/«/ and L. Ph,lpp:<s. The Sicilian re- 
 cords, M.rrcdlns and Phl'fpnt. Die, C«. Cor- 
 itel":s fon of Pal'lius, Le»tulns Marcellus : and 
 L.M.'!>-f/' J fon oi'L^eifts'Philipp'^s. O^l^etty-hs 
 and M. U-rcellm Confuls, Ctcero fpeaketh in 
 bis Epiftles toL<r»r«/« ■. Pht^rch alfo in thelife 
 o'iCato. maketh mention of M<«rt««* Philifp'-is 
 now Conlul. This C». LttituifisviiS the fon of 
 that PXentPilusy as Cicero faith in Wii Brutus. 
 And furnamed he was Hsrcellus, and not CUh- 
 diui, that it might beknown, of what family of 
 the ClA.idii he was defcended. 
 
 696 
 CnJ^ompcitn. lA.Crajfus. 
 
 ■yLTHen as by the obRinateperfiftance ofC. 
 CrtfoTribun of the commons, (who ever 
 inierpofed his negative) there could be no or- 
 dinary affembly holaen for the creation of ma- 
 gi(+ratsthe whole degree of the Senators chan- 
 ged their weed in token ofgrief: fo as upon 
 an Intcrregency between Cr.Vompeius was 
 chofcn CoDl'ulj and with him M. Crafttt the 
 
 fecond time, zsPlutarch, Dio^md ^ppitmdo 
 witnefs. hticiHs DemitiHS JS^uobarbut, whom 
 Cmo and all good men accompanied and pre- 
 fented, was in the common place by violeiice 
 throughly beaten, and C<«obimfelf wounicd. 
 Thefe Coff. D/ecalleih Cn.Pempeius, fon of 
 C». Mn^nui the fecond time •• and M. Lici>tius 
 fon of ^ubliMt Crafmt, the fecond time. Of 
 them Pddiaafis, Eutropim, the Sicilian regifters 
 and others make mention. 
 
 700 
 
 jip.ClOHditts. L'Doiuitifts* 
 
 DU in his nine and thirtieth book, for the 
 year after the cities foundation 700. fol- 
 lowing the computation of Varrot avoucheth 
 Confuls, hppius CUudiHt, fon of Jppins Vul- 
 cher- andL.Dtf»*/«*jfon otCw«/j K/£nohtir~ 
 hns. Caffiodore and Obfe^tdeni, name tbemj^^, 
 ClauitMs and L.Demiti- s, whom the Sicilian re- 
 cords call Vfi/cher and £,nobarbus .• and Ptidiatt 
 upon the Oration for Scaurus, L. Domitim 
 Anabarbus, and Afpius CUudius Vuleher, Of 
 thi<; L. DomttitiJ-, fon of Cueus Mntbarbttt, 
 (ohus fpeakech in che eight book of CiVcr«£ 
 EpilHes. 
 
 701 
 
 C«. Damhius. M.Mefufa, 
 
 A Gainft this year there Hood In eleSIon and 
 laboured with much earneftoes and ambi- 
 tious delire to be Conials., Caiuj JIftmmius, 
 CfttDomitiKs. lA.}AtfsIa and lA.Scattrur, as O- 
 cfro writeth to his brother Quint hs. But at the 
 laft, even in the feventh month of this year 
 there were created by means of an Interregcn- 
 cy> M. Mfj(7'«7'! and Cw. D«w/f »w. Neither bad 
 they been chofen then ; bet that Q^.Pompiiia 
 Rxfrta. Tribun of the commons, wholHliop- 
 pofcd himfelf to hinder and debar all e^e^tions 
 was by order from the Senate committed: and 
 the Senate made countenance to do the like hf 
 the reft,as many as went about to crofs the faid 
 eleftion. Thus much Dio. But Appian faith,thac 
 the common-weal continued for eight months 
 fpace in Anarchy without any foveraign magi- 
 firats of ftate. Plutarth writah, that in this fo 
 great extremity of danger, Lp<ctlins a Tribun of 
 thecommons preferred a bill for the creatiw; 
 oiCneut V*mpetus Di£fator,who fliould rcdreU 
 all enormities and fet upright the ftate again : 
 but Cato gainfaid it, and fo nothing was cftieft- 
 ed. Dto faith moreover ,that the TribuBS ofthc 
 commons moved for the chufingnotofaDi- 
 <a;ator only, but alfo of military Tribunsin 
 confuls authority : but through the earncft la- 
 bour oiVotMpeiut, Confuls were created, Mef- 
 fja and Calvi*tus^ which fumames ftand to be 
 feen upon the Sicilian records. Alfo in the ca- 
 pitolmonumentS5writtcnitisthas. Cn.Domr 
 mttius CalviuHsioD of M, ncphew oiMarcfth 
 anno 708^^.717. 
 
 70a
 
 to T.Livius. 
 
 1067 
 
 70* 
 
 Cn.Femfeius. Q^Mettllus. 
 
 WHen by reafon of the contentions a- 
 mongfo mighty competitorSjthe Con- 
 fulscould not be created by the Calends of Jd- 
 ■,r.ittry. therepafled an Aitofthe Senat, accor- 
 ding to the mind and advice of Btbult-ts^'j ver- 
 tue whereof O;. Ponipcins was by the Interre- 
 gent Serv. Snlpitms created Conful the third 
 lime, upon the five and twentieth ot ¥cbrii.iry-, 
 without a Coilegue hrl^, and prefently cntred 
 upon the government. Dut afterwards to avoid 
 theenvy that might arife thereupon, betook 
 unto him as companion in the Confulfliip for 
 the five laft momhs of the year behind, Q^ C&^ 
 ctlir.i Pitu Metellus Sciptoj his wives father. 
 Thus writeth P<tdiaa upon the Oration ofO- 
 cero in defence of Mtlo: Plutarch likewife, Ap- 
 pAttiis and Dio. This AfetellM Puts Sapio was 
 alfo called P. Cornelius Scipio NAfica, Ton cF.Na- 
 ftcn Scipio, who being adopted by Q^. Mctellus 
 Pitu-, is called by Caliw in the familiar Epillles 
 oiC'cerj., Q^. Cs.rilnu fon ot Q^ nephevv of Q, 
 Metdltu Puts Scipio, 
 
 703 
 M.M.ircelln4. Ser.Sulpititut 
 
 AGainft this year were Confuls created, Af. 
 Marcelluj^ and Serv.Sidpitiusy as Caffiodo- 
 rus^ Plutarch^zad yippt.n: witnefs. The Sicilian 
 records call them Rufw and Marccll-'ts.Diom- 
 meth them Serviys Sulpitiut fon of ^. furna- 
 med Rtif-!s -znd H.CLiudics ion of M.furnamed 
 dMoM-urcellus, Of thcfeContuls Swfo^/.vx alfo 
 makech mention in C.&[^r : llkewile Cicero in 
 his Epiflles,and the Epitome 1 1 S.This M.arcel- 
 I'.is was the cofin german of that Marceltus who 
 the year next following was Conful : and bro- 
 ther german to him who two years after bare 
 the ConfulQiip.as may be colle6led out of f^er- 
 rius FLiccitSfD.o,ind Suetonius, 
 
 704 
 L.Vaulus. CM^trcellnt. 
 
 1~Herefucceeded Confuls, L. ?./;</.//, and C. 
 M^irceli.'>t : w'nneisCaJfiodore, Dio S'fetom- 
 uuHirttus in hi^ 8 book, together with the Si- 
 cilian records.The one of thefe is by Dm named 
 L.iy£mylius-, fon of M.!rc«/,fui named P ulus; 
 the other by C/ccro in his Epillles, C. ( I xdi'^s 
 fon ofC.-<«x, l^Lircelhis. D-o writeth that this 
 man by fome was tepo-'ted to be dviiiQ- i.e. 
 the brothers fon others ccJ^j^jar- -.thebr ther 
 of M4r. YA.wcellus. but Swt^o ./«J faith pLiin.y, 
 ( he was the brothers fon. 
 
 705 
 L.LeMulus, C.Mircelluf. 
 
 CAffiodorus fetteth down for Confuls this 
 year VXextnlusU C.y\.A'rcllu<, as alio -/p- 
 pJAi^lHtArch^HtrttHS, Florus, and C'ffroinhis 
 1 Epiftlcs do tefiifie. Dio calleth thefe Confuls 
 
 'Lu.Cor>7(lius, ion of Vuhlitis "Lctulns : znd C. 
 Clandiut fon ot Marcus M^rcf ///.'/.In t he broken 
 marbles of the Capitoll it is to be leen thus.C. 
 C/;j«^'>«fonof MiircK/jnephew oilAnrcUi Mf- 
 tellus. This is that 'Lucius LerjiuluiCrus. who as 
 Co-Z/M/ teftifieth in the tbrmcreiefliontook a 
 repulfe, and by Cicero is called in the Oration 
 againtl VMimus.Flamen ^AarticJii. 
 
 705 
 C.Citfir, P.Serviliuj. 
 
 WHenC^///^r<fprtheDi£latorheId the 
 lolemn afiembly tor the election iri 
 the latter end of the former year, Confuls there 
 were created CaIus JuUus, fon of Ca.-usCtcfur, 
 and Puh.'^erviliusSonofPiih/iusJfmrtcus. For 
 now was the year come, whenasC^pr by the 
 laws might be chofen Conlii.: for lo in the 
 third book of his own Commentaries he I'aith 
 himfeif, and lb Dio in his one and fortieth 
 hoo\^t^ lut arch-^Trancjtiilln^ ^ App:iT,it;s.znd Caf- 
 ftodorus do teliifie of him. Bnt tic meancth thac 
 law which evprefly tbrbad and debarred, thac 
 no man might be within ten years fpacecho- 
 fen Cof. twi^e. As for VMuts Servi/ius.hs was 
 the fon of that I' ullius Servilius thai. firH took 
 the fnrnime //^'//r/«-«;, who this year bare his 
 Conlulfhipat Rome.whikCafir warred inNLj- 
 
 cedo;2j. 
 
 707 
 Qlufius Qdcfjus. V.f^atiKiast 
 
 Dio faith. That the people of /?o;?;f having 
 intelligence that Pompeiuswis murdered, 
 endeavoured eaineBly , that there might pais as 
 honourable decrees tor C<tf.*r tlic Conqueror 
 aspoffible might be. And therefore they ordai- 
 ned, that he might be Conful five years toge- 
 therjand Dictator not for fix months as before- 
 time, but a whole year; and endued with the 
 Tribunes authority for ever. Now deprjalbe- 
 it he was without ftJy., immediatly entred 
 upon his Di6latorfliip, having fnb-ord.'ined 
 under him for hisGenerall ofthe horfc, M^r. 
 yin:oiiusa mm who yet had not been Prxtor. 
 This appeareth by the Capitoll records, X) <?, 
 P/.'/f..'rc/j, and Cuero m his fecond Phi/tpptcai 
 But under what pretence and co our Ctcftr 
 tookupon him this DidaiorlLip and the reft 
 following, hiircus Aitonint fliewcih in his 
 Oration ofC^prt praife in D:o- wlie ein he 
 faith. thatC.*/'?'- was created Diihtnr to make 
 head againfi the enemies and thcrctore the 
 troubles and diffentions of war was the canfe 
 of this creation, lint certain it is that Ctpr 
 beame Dii!:^ator for another ^anli?, namely^ 
 that by the means of that fovcrai|^ power, 
 he mi"ht draw unto himfeif alore the whole 
 manadng and government o"' the State, 
 whih befnretime had been adminifired by 
 many perbrs. But D.o .iddcfh morcovci 
 and iaiih, that in the beginning of this year 
 there were neither Prxtors nor Confuke'e- 
 £ied. For M-Jrcw .-/;; o;;wGcncra;l of the 
 horfe, arriied in his piuple robes, with fix Li- 
 fters, making way before him, refcmbled i 
 Yyyy cettaifl
 
 :o68 
 
 'The Chromlogte 
 
 certain fii ew of the ancient liberty. But with- 
 in a while after he departed forth of the City, 
 and that which never was before done by any 
 Mafter of the hoife, he left L«. C&^ar an aged 
 man,Provoft and governor of Rome. Howbeit, 
 in the end of the "year, after the recovery and 
 conquelt oi<^£yft, when King Ftolomem was 
 (lain, and Phamaces K. of Pontus vanquifbed ; 
 Confuls were created, Q^Fufiw^ {oaof Qnm- 
 tus Citleyipu ; and Pub. VattnitUiion oiPub/nu. 
 And thefe the Capitol! tables do (hew, and 
 Cajfiodorm alfo. Ot Pdlnu Vatimtu Conful, 
 MjcrobiHs in his fecond book maketh men- 
 tion. 
 
 708 
 
 C.C<tf^r. M. Lepidnt. 
 
 VErrius in his capitoU tables fctteth forth 
 Confuls of this year, only without ever a 
 Di<ft3tor.The Hone record of CuUti.^-, whereof 
 OfmpbriM fpeaketh here , nameth C. J^'lms Ca- 
 p^the third time,and Ad.&myhta Lefidm.Bui 
 i);<7 in his three and fortieth book, I he next 
 vear following ( quoth he ) hebare thcDii^a- 
 torfliipand the Ccnfulat both, the third time, 
 and took unto him for his Collegue in both 
 Magiftr-icics, M.JEmylms Lepidus. O^ the fame 
 mind feemeth Tranquillw to be in C^/'T, chap, 
 feventy fix. Likewile Htrtitis in the hit book. 
 But OKffpl.riHi fuppofeih that both TrMejuillns 
 and Dio^yci: and Hntius alfo was in an errour. 
 For, with thecapitoU records,?//.-? <i.r/; and £«- 
 trepiHs agree ; who write that Coif-w this year 
 was Conful the third time \y\ih M.Lepidusi 
 and Didaior the fecond time. 
 
 709 
 C.C'iftr. Q^Maximus, 
 
 1 "Hey who cutthecapitolmarbleSjdofliew 
 unto us thatCrf/ij?- this ye?.r was third time 
 Di£l3tor with .•'!/.Lf;);ii;/j General of the horfe. 
 From whom Dio dirfereth ; who doth report 
 that this year CutfaryNis Di£latcrihe4time, 
 and Lepd:s fecond time Mailer of the horfe- 
 rren : alio that Lfp;W«/tellow-Confui with Ca- 
 frr, declareth himfelfagainfl alllavv, Generall 
 ofihe horfe.Thus much of iheDidbtor. But 
 as touching the Conluls this year, thereisto 
 bef«en written in the Index or table of Dio, 
 that the fame year f^/.r bare his foui;th Diffa- 
 torfbip, and iikewi:ehis fourth Confulat with- 
 out Collegue. In that hiflory alfo itappeareth, 
 that C<cf(ir preijently entred npon his fourth 
 Confulat. but bare it not throughout the whole 
 year : and that lo foon as he was returned to 
 Rome out^ 5p^«, be refigned and fubfiitu- 
 ted in his place for the reft of the year, jQ^. Fa- 
 hius Maximal^ and Cn. Trehoniiis. With D/o, 
 the evidences agree that are written in theca- 
 pito'l fragments : wherein it appeareth that C<«- 
 /rfr wasthe fourth time Conful and that with- 
 out a Collegue ; as S-gonius maketh interpre- 
 tation. For Ciijj>iyiiar7s Kalender,together with 
 the Sicilian regiflers, do fliew that C4^r was 
 Conful now alone the fourth time. In like 
 
 manner^^;>j;'^» and P/wMrr^ make mention of 
 Cafar, who being Conful eleft from the fourth 
 time led an army into Spain, h%iotQ^Fahi- 
 us^SttetomiisczWtOix him a three months Con- 
 ful. D/o faith moreover, that C^/«r upon "the 
 death of Q^ Fabms the Conful, declared the 
 very lart day ot the year, C.Ccntius to be the 
 Conful tor thole few hours that were behind. 
 Whereof C/c<fro in nisfeventh book of EpiRles, 
 writing to Curias, Macrobius in his fecond 
 book of Satm»aUa, Tacitus in his eighteenth 
 book,P//»y in his feventh,ard.S««o»winC<c~ 
 pr do make report. 
 
 710 
 C.C<^f-ir. M.Antonins. 
 
 Dlo fetteth down for this year C<t/^r Di(J>a- 
 torthe hft time, together with M.E.my, 
 liHs Lepidus Mafler of the horfemen.But the ca- 
 pitoU tables avouch him Didator now the 
 fourth time. Dio and Appat» write that he 
 created himfelf Conful together with M.A»- 
 toniMs. Likewife C'j^oislorwand the Sicilian re- 
 gillers give record, that Cti^ar was this yeat 
 Conful the fift time, together with M. Anto" 
 yiiHs. And Macrobtas in his firft book (peaketb 
 of them. Moreover, written it is in the capi- 
 toU and Colotian tables^that C.defir was Cof. 
 the fife time, with M. Antoyiiusion of M. and 
 that in the room oi( dfar there waschofen P 
 Corndmsion of Puhlms. And this was P. Cor- 
 neiifts Do/abella, v\hom Caf^ir himl'elf(if hchad 
 lived ) meant to have fubllituted in his own 
 room. Plutarch writeth ,thac difar Conful now 
 the hft time took unto him for his tompanion 
 in government M. A/itomus. And when as he 
 would have fubordained Pe/<j^e//4in his cwn 
 flead, ^»/o«r gainlaid it in an oration: and af- 
 terwards, when Ca^ot a fecond time would have 
 had DoUbellato be declared Conful, and flill 
 Antony crofled and withfiood it, C<£/Ii?- gave 
 over his enterprife.But after C^ar was murde- 
 red, ^-v/o;-;; (as Dio writeth)fearing fome infur- 
 re£tion and commotion if he fhould have re- 
 jefted Dilabella, took him into the fellowfhip 
 ■ of governmenr. Appiapi faith, that immediatly 
 after Cdfar \m3.s killed, Ddabel/a eatted'mto 
 the Magirtracy. So faith F'cderus a\{o. And this 
 verily was the year, in which the confpitacy 
 was contrived againft Cafar, whereof the cap- 
 tains were M and Decimfishoih Ertni, c . Tre- 
 loyiitistc c.cajjius: and upon the fifteenth day 
 of M.ij-c/;, when he fat inCouncill together 
 with the Senat in the court of Pompeyj he was 
 was ftabbed. and received in his body three and 
 twenty wounds : which done, themurdaers 
 who had wrought the feat feized thecapitoU. 
 And c. OBaviiis his nephew or fiflers fon, 
 whom c<«/.-?rhad made in his will his half- heir, 
 and adopted to bear his own name, came out 
 o'i Epirus, whither ccprhad fent him bet'ore, 
 minding to make war upon the Parthians, and 
 after all lucky and happy proceedings took Op- 
 en him the name of c<c/4r;according to hislafl: 
 will and teflamerit. 
 
 711
 
 to T.Livius. 
 
 ic6^ 
 
 ; U.I • ■' 
 t 
 
 711 
 CPi^nfii, u4,Hirti(u, 
 
 D/o,Ciffiodorus,iDd the reft, nominate Con- 
 I'uis for this year,C f^/l^ms Panf<iCapronia- 
 fius. and A.Hirtius, fon of Aldus, Cu^inians 
 book fheweth CretaiiAnnm^A Hirtins.'WhciQ- 
 by it may be underRood, that Cretonia-ius was 
 the I'urnameof ^./«/(, but peradventure writ- 
 ten for C,ifro»i.'^>:Hs. In theColotian table they 
 are named Cyil^tusSon ofCaiusy^nd An.Hiiti- 
 r/»;fonofi//>f/;>/.This////V/«/wasoneof[heir 
 fons who were out-la wed by Stilla-, and whcm 
 Ci{.[^r (^Dio reporteth)adiaBced tohonoura- 
 bledionities. Both thefe,and the Confuls of the 
 ycarfollowing, were by C<«pr ele61:ed and de- 
 fined thereto, before he was flain.D/o, . ippuin, 
 and ethers report, thatof thefe two Confuls, 
 /y/rf/«/inthetimeofthecivill war,in a. battell 
 before ^f>de»a againft Antonius was flain ; 
 and P./wpibmedaies afrer, upon a hurtrecei- 
 ved in the fame fight, died at BoKo^ia. In the 
 room of P.wfa, C. OElavius was fub-ele^led 
 Conful the nineteenth oi Augujl inthefame 
 year,andhein(teado;//«m«j, tookunco him 
 for his Collegue Q^. Pad.-us, 
 
 712 
 M.Lepidus, L. PUncHS. 
 
 GAfiodorits and the Sicilian records put 
 down for Con'^Mh^M .Lefidus and L.PLw- 
 ciis. Dio, 1 1. K,myli:is Lepidas the feCond time, 
 and Lti-Mi*nat/us Jon oiL»c!iisSmn.\mcd Plan- 
 cits. Of ibefe Confuis Suetonius fpeaketh in Ti- 
 heriiis, (aying,Thac Ttbcrinsy^as born after the 
 bittell of Phthppi.^hta AUr. JEmylms Lepidus 
 was the fecond time Conful with Muiiatius 
 Plavcrir. Now had there been before appointed 
 Coniiils againft this year by Cafar, D. Brutus 
 and L-:. PltKcffs. But by reafon that Brutus the 
 year before was by thclaw Pedia condemned 
 and after killed, and lb the three Triumvirs u- 
 furped che rule oFthe common-weal ; agreed it 
 was,that /l/.Lcp/^,'// one of the Triumvirs who 
 beforetime alfo had been Conful with ^^c/^i- in 
 his third Coufulfhip, fliou'.d together with 
 PUncus^ ( who alfo taking part and fiding with 
 ^«fo«y, had revolted from the Common- weal) 
 adminirtcr the Confulat. Moreover this Brti- 
 tut was by PlHturch, Appian, Dto, and Zornifau 
 called alfo Albtnus \ I fuppofe, for that out of 
 the race of the Brutl he was adopted and in- 
 corporat into the houfe oftheA/^/W. In this 
 year, duringthecivill war, BrntusiVid C^fnm 
 were flain in battell before Pht/ippi, as Vio^Vltt- 
 TarchyAppirin^zad others write. 
 
 V.ServiliusII, L,Kiitoniui, 
 
 •T'-He Colotlan tables, -D/o, 2ad Cfljfiodsrtu 
 X match Confuls together for thisyear, Lu. 
 Jinton^us (on of M.irciis, fumamedP/f/^x, and 
 V.Se-vilinsSon a(Pul>liiisJfiuricHs^t\\C fecond 
 time. Of thefe ConfulSj Suetonius miKih'm 
 
 Ttberihs. This P.5^r^■;//w/ was firtt Corfu] with 
 C<8/«^iH his fecond Conlulat; v\ho:e Uthcr /- 
 fturicus died a little before, as Dio and Eufd-ius 
 report. AsforL,A»/o///«/} n^medheis by D/e 
 P/fM/jfor that being Coniu!, he together witb 
 Fulvui the wife of bis l>rotljcr A<a r;/;,mjnagei 
 the affairs of (Ltc with thai mind, as if his 
 whole care had been tor bis brother the Trium- 
 vir, in regard of which brotherly and affedio- 
 natkindnefs,he challenged ihelurname oiVte-^ 
 tas, 
 
 714 
 CuMomitiMS, Chfi'iiut, 
 
 AColotian table? Dioy And Cafsicdoras joya 
 in the Confulat of this year, C»cus Domi- 
 tiHs Ion ot Aiaymsy C dvinus^ the le>ond time > 
 and C.h.fi»i»s Jon ofO^w/jPoZ/w.Of thefe Jo/>- 
 pi}Ks fpeaketh in his fourteenth book ct the 
 Jews antiquities and three and twenty chapter^ 
 Toward the end of this year, Dio writeth, thac 
 thefe Confuls gave up their place, and that o- 
 ther Confuls were fubuitutpfor tbote few dales 
 that were to come ; and one o* them was L. 
 Cornelius Balbiis GadiriUjit-s, And tl'crefore in 
 theColotian table thefe fubcrdained « onfulg 
 f^and under thefe names,L.Cor«£//«/,fon of L«- 
 c/«.''jand P.Cti»id:MsJon oihucitts, Ot P:.b,Cor' 
 net. Balbits ConfvA^ Plmy writeth in hisfeventfi 
 book and three and fortieth chapter, and Vcl- 
 /f/Minhis fecond book. 
 
 715 
 
 \..Cc;i^orinKs. . 'L.CalviJlris, 
 
 CAfsiodorm inferred for the next Confuls, 
 \^ucins ( cftfon/ms and Cams Calvifitts. The 
 Sicilian records have Cerforinas and Sabmus. 
 D/'o, L.Martim and C.S ibmns. C. Calvifitfs ion 
 of Giw, is named by D/V in the catalogue or 
 table, Sabinusy although it be read chere com-* 
 monly.but amifs, Aftmns, 
 
 1\6 . \ 
 
 Af.Clmdius. C.NorbanHS, 
 
 \ 
 
 COnfuls that follow, were b^pp. datdtus and 
 C.Norba>iMS,z% diffiodorHs iaith. But as the 
 Sicilian regiflers. purport, Ce'.forintfs and 5<3- 
 bintiS-.isDio writeth, App.Cl'tudius i'on oiCai- 
 (is,?i!lcher'> and C.N'orba>i:ts Jon of Cams^Fltic- 
 cHs. As touching T^dias hf.r the Conful eleft, 
 and fubflitute in the room of another, who be- 
 fore hecntrcd into government being terrified 
 with the minatory t h rears of r. f-i/.r, threw 
 himfelfdown headlong, and fo brake hisneckp 
 fee TranqHillns '\DAugnfius, 
 
 717 . 
 
 Af.h^ripp.7. 'L.Cttnin^iS. 
 
 Chffiodorns puiteth down for Confuls, M^ 
 A^r;/>p.!and L.'/.C.^w(;;/';<j.The Sicilian regi- 
 fiers hirrippn'i.nd Gtillas.Dio My:pftnifss,{onoi 
 "Lucius^ h^'''pp'' '■ ^nd L. Cariimns fon of 
 \.Mcins-,Gi>ilf.s, Jnfcphus in his fifteenth book oi 
 Antiquities, avoucheth Confuls. hUr.hfrippA 
 and C. Canidius Gallus. Nepos alfo in the life of 
 Attic:!s^Ci\kihr,pf,tnins A^ripp.tjn the capitol 
 Yy yy a maibles
 
 io7< 
 
 The Chronologic 
 
 marbles and in other old monuments of Rome 
 his gentile name is paffed over, and namely, in 
 the forefront of the Temple, called PantheoM, 
 wherein is engraven M. yigrippa fon ot Luciw-, 
 Conful the third time. T^«t«j alio in his firll 
 book mentioneth this J^rippa, 
 
 718 
 L.GelltHS. M.Cotceifis. 
 
 CAfflodorus nameth for Confuls this year, 
 L.Gellius md M .Coccei'ts. The Sicilian re- 
 cords fhevv PuhliccLi and Ncrva: Dio bath Ltt, 
 Gellnts fon of Lucius PopUcola-, and M. Cocceim 
 Nerva. Out ofthe capitoll fragments it appea- 
 reih, that L.Cellitu was the fon of Lucius, and 
 nephew oi Lucitis.B)' the report ot D;o,this Lu. 
 CelliusWiS brother to M.PJerins Meff.-U.^ox. 
 it is thefime man who was pardoned before 
 by M. Brntiis: whereby it may be underllood, 
 that Poflicolaviii hisfurnameby way of adop- 
 tion : for they were not the Gelln but i\\e.Fale- 
 r«,that carried the furname oi Publicola. The 
 famelraementsdo fhew, that thefaid Gellius 
 kft his place, and that another was put in his 
 room. And haply it was L,MMnAtiHs-,iQr\oi La- 
 cms, nephew of Lucius PLwcm : whom Pliny 
 in his thirteenth book and third chapter, faith 
 to have been twice Conful.' but in what year 
 he was the fecond time,a man cannot find^un- 
 lefs it vvereinihis. 
 
 Se.vt.Pompeius, 'L.Cornificius, 
 
 CAffioAorm and the Sicilian records teflifie, 
 that this years Confu's were Sex. Pom fet- 
 us and h.Cormficius.Dioh.Corfitficius ion ot L«- 
 cius. and Sc.xtms Vempeitis fon ot Sextus, This 
 year Sex.rompeiuj^ion oiCneus wasflain, 
 
 720 
 M. Ai:to»ius, L. Scriboyiius Lih, 
 
 CJffiodorfis}pmteth down for Confuls, L«. 
 Scribiif!iusiT)&'LH, Atrattnus. The Sicilian 
 catalogue A>.to>^itfs zndhtbo, DiOfA^l.AntoniHS 
 fon of Marcus the fecond time.andL.^cn^oK*- 
 US-ion o^LncitiSjLibo.'Yhc fame Die faiih more- 
 over,thac M. A ntomtis the Triumvir, prefcntly 
 Upon the very Ca lends o^ Jai>}ary gave over 
 iheMagil»racy,andfubHituted in his ownflead 
 'Ln.SemproKius Atratiims : and therefore many 
 there be that affirm h6w it viisnot Antoniut 
 but Atratinrs that was Conful this year with 
 "Liio. That Confuls alfo were fnb-ele<Sed to 
 bear out ore part ofthe year, it is to be found 
 in fome authors that have fet forth the Muni- 
 cipal Annals. And verily Dw maketh mention of 
 Pa'ilHs s^wyZ/w/ Conful, for one parf of the 
 year,and thatbe built a (lately porch or gallery 
 at his own charges, and dedicated it in his 
 Confulfhip. 
 
 721 
 C.C<ifar. L.rolcAttus, 
 
 c 
 
 uijfiodorus exhibireth unto us for Confuls, 
 C.C*[ar3Xid'L.F9lc/itius, Die, C</«r the 
 
 fecond time,and L. FJcan/^s fon of Lucitis Tul-^ 
 liis. They who compofed and digeRed the Sici- 
 lian regilkrs, very unfitly letdowDC<epr and 
 C'cero tor this years Conluis.Of this Conlulfhip 
 oiCdfar, Suetonius and Dio fpeak, faying, that 
 he held it very few hours, as hntonms alfo be- 
 fbretime. Inilead of C<tfir was L«. h.ntonms 
 fubrog.ued, and many other for one part oro- 
 iheroftheyear,whointbe bookcntituledjOld 
 infcriptions,are reckoned in this manner: 
 
 Emperor C-epr //. 'LyqlcAttm, 
 
 Kal.januarii. 'L.kmonms, 
 
 Kil.Maii. 'Ljl^vins. 
 
 Kal.Julii. M.Ktiius 
 
 C, Pont ems, • 
 
 Kal.Sepf. L. Vmutius. * 
 
 Kal.Odob. LXmohius. 
 Of L. f/<^^'w made Conful by M.hntoniHs, 
 and depofed_,Ao likewife maketh mention. 
 
 ^ 7" 
 Cn, Domitsus, C.SoJius, 
 
 CAfsicdorus noininateth for Confuls this 
 year C».D<!»;;V;«i and C.i'o/;«-. The Sit ili- 
 an records ^«o^^r^//j and SoJins.D.o Cnem Do- 
 witius, (on ofCfieus, nephew of Cw«J A^obar-' 
 has ; and C.Sofmsion of C.nephew oiCaius.N'e- 
 pes writeth.that htttcusd'icd., when Cn.Domi-^ 
 tins and C.Sofius were Confuls, 
 
 723- 
 C.C4irIh MMeJfala. 
 
 GAJJisdor»s^\ov(iheth Confuls this year, C, 
 Cafar the fecond time, and M. AfeJJala, 
 The Sicilian regilkrs Oticvius and Corvinns. 
 ■Dio C<ifar the thitd time, and .M.Valerius^ fon 
 of MarchSt^oxmmed 'M.ejftilaCorvinus ^ind that 
 right truly. For C..j(7?c)^or«^ rnaketh no recko- 
 ning of that Confulfliip of C4ar which he bare 
 with Pf<//«/,becaufehe was fubordained in the 
 place with another.ButD/oand A^/^/Wdowit- 
 nefs,that C^ar and kntony were marched toge- 
 ther this year, both of them in their fecond 
 Confulfliip, at what time as upon peace made 
 with Sextus Ponifetus^ they were appointed 
 Confuls beforehand for eight years nextenfa- 
 ing : howbeit iti the firff year the people turned 
 Antony out Ot his Confulfliip, and proclaimed 
 war cio.,ina him and Cleopatra.^ and fo in his 
 place was M.z»-. Ueff'aU declared Conful. As 
 touching the Coniuls this year fubordained, 
 thus we find written in the ancient infcriptioQSc 
 
 Emperourr^/^r////. U.ydcrm^ 
 
 Kal.Maii. Vi.Titms. 
 
 Kal.Oaobris. Cn.PoTupeius, 
 
 7H 
 C.C^irlll. U.Crafus: 
 
 CAfflodorus mmtih for this years Conruls,C, 
 Crfprthe third time, andM.Craffus. The 
 Sicilian xtcoidsOn^vmns and Cr.ijfus, T>io!C*- 
 far the fourth time,andM.L/a'»««/.fon otM*- 
 fwjCr-a/w.He added moreover,and faith,Crf/<J»' 
 inthemidflof tbac water croiTed thcfeasouc
 
 to T. Livius. 
 
 efMaeedony imo /^<</;, wherein he was the 
 foufth time Cpnful with M, Crafm. Orgfiw 
 likewife noieih, that C<<pr called Emperdr, 
 was Conful the fonrth time with M. Livius 
 Craffus. of other Confuls fubftituted after j*^. 
 ^/c;»/«»,this we find in the old infcriptiom. 
 
 ijjf , tmpC ror C<e/kr /F". M.Licinim. 
 
 'yj^ X.i\.}ii\.C. Afttffiius. 
 Ibid.Sepcembr. M.Tttlliiis. 
 Kal. Novembr. L.i'-e^jrW. 
 Of M, Tw/AwConful Wxih An^ttftus, D/a 
 
 A9kcth tnemiob in his dory of chis years a6ls, 
 
 .f^^liny alfo in his 3 2 book and d chap, and Plu- 
 tarch in Cicero. By VeUeius and Tacit ut it appea- 
 rcih that Antiftms had for addition the fur- 
 name of ^rt/«)and S*niKs olSsvtnPfs, 
 
 a.: 
 
 31 
 
 7^5 
 C.C<ifiitr IIII. Sex.ApKlsius, 
 
 IN CafiodoTMs the Confuls be C. Caf^r the 
 fourth time,and Sext.Afttleitti, In Di,C<efar 
 the fife time.and 5if.vf. Apuleius Ton of 5rA-f. In 
 the Sicilian records, 0(f?4w««««i and A-puldun 
 in the Antique infcriptions, tmperoar C<tfar 
 the fift time, and Sexc. Apulein!. Dio faith, this 
 was the year 725 from the foundation of the 
 City. Of C-e/ir fi^e times ConCuKthere is to be 
 feen an old Epigram or infcription in this man- 
 ner. 
 
 SenMus Pefuluf^ Romanits^ 
 liftp/'af.Divt J III Fil.Cof.Quinc, 
 Cof.DfJif.SrxcJmp.Sefr. - 
 Relp.confervnttt. 
 
 That is. 
 The Senat and people of Rome. By Empe- 
 lour Cafar, Ion ot JhIjus of famous memory, 
 Conful five times, ele6l Gondii thefixt time, 
 and Emperor the leventh, the Commonwealth 
 faved. 
 
 726 
 C.C4^rK M.A^r.pp^II. 
 
 CAjftodortis deckreth for Confuls this year, 
 Jrf/icthe fiittime, and M,A^rippa ths fe- 
 cond time. Oroftujiod the Sicilian records,C<f- 
 far the fixt time, and A^rippa thefecond time. 
 Dia^C^ff the fixt time:and MVipftiHius A^rip- 
 ^/* the third time: but it is to be read the fe- 
 cond time, as 5/^i»w«jadvertifcth, fo as the 
 next year it fhould be written the third time. 
 And this plainly appcareth by the fuperfcripti- 
 on of that Temple ( which he erefted and na- 
 med PA-theott ) in this form, [ M. Agrippifon 
 ef L. tbirdt ime Conful built it. \ For Dio faith, 
 that this Temple was finifiiedtwo years after 
 that he was Confjl withf £[ar the feventh time 
 Conful, in which year himfelf bare his thirt} 
 Conful(Kip,and not the fourth. For otherwife 
 ID the front of the faid Temple, he would have 
 WtittCD,[Co«/«/ the fourth time.'\ 
 
 7?7 
 CJOitfAr ri. M. Agripp* III, 
 
 *.<</7j«<fcr«xfaith,that the next C»nfuls were 
 'c<t/4r the fixt time, znd Mar. Agrtppath^. 
 
 third lime.But Dio,c-f/>r the feventh timcjiijd 
 AgrippA the fourth time. But what is to be 
 thought ofthembothjisevidcncby that which 
 hath been laid before. In the Sicilian regiflers 
 verily it is written, 0£?4w<«««j the feventh tioxej 
 and Agrifpa the third time, 
 
 728 
 C . Augufius c £far VII, T. Stat Hi us. 
 
 ^ AJJtodorHspmttth down for Confuls, Ca" 
 ^^f-tr ^«^«y?«/ the feventh time, and T.Sta- 
 ttltus. The Sicilian monuments, 0ff4fi<^««/ the 
 eighth time, iod Ta.trus. Dio, c^far Kuguflns 
 the eighth time,and Sta'iltus Taurus the fecond 
 time.For he had been Conful firrt, for a part of 
 the year,4«««> 7 :7,and now is the fecond time.- 
 of whom SuetoHtus writeth thus in Nerg; Nero 
 took to mfcStatilia MeffJ.n.!, daughter ( in 
 the fourth defcent) oi'Taurrts, one who had 
 been twice Conful, and alfo triumphant : he 
 writeth alfo, th.it Auat/Jfus entred upon his 
 eight and ninth Confulat at TArrMon. 
 
 '■'-■ " 719 
 
 c. t afar Augufius VlII, M.Slams. 
 
 CAJfiodortts flae weth for Confuls next, Cafar 
 Auguflusthc eighth time, and Al.Silanas^ 
 D/oand the Sicilian recordSjAw^H/f^x the nintl^ 
 time, and A'i.SiUnus. A fragment of the capitolj 
 Emperour c<«pr A«f«/?«xthe ninth-time, and 
 M. Junius Stliinus. This ym Au(ruf}us cafar 
 was Emperour the eight time, and fhut up the 
 Temple of J.«>/«/ the fourth time now thate- 
 verit was rtiut : which he had let open before 
 in regard of certain wars^as Dio reporteth. 
 
 C . C itfar Augufius IX, 
 
 CNorb^nus, 
 
 CAffiodoras pucteth down for this years 
 Confuls, c<epr Augufius the ninth time, 
 and Q.Norb.wis. The Sicilian regilkrs, A«^«- 
 flus be tenth time,and FUccut. D/o.and a frag- 
 ment of the capitoll marble, A«^«y?«.f thetenth 
 time and C. Norbanus FLiccus. This Norbunus 
 feemeth to be the fon of C. Nor bams the Con- 
 ful, Ami 7 1 6. for he had not the numerail note 
 teftifying a fecond ConfuIOiip, 
 
 73> 
 C.CafAr Augufius X, C^.Pifo, 
 
 C'Afiodorus fettethdown for Confuls, C<- 
 far Augufius the tenth time, and Cncus Pi' 
 fo.The Sicilian records, A*r{r,/y?«/che eleventh 
 time,and Pifo. And Dio, Augufius the eleventh 
 time,with C>i.CalpurHius^ionoi Cneus Pifo.^y 
 a fragment of the capitol Hone it appeareth thac 
 Augufius entered the Confulfliip the eleventh- 
 time,togetherwith Anlus Terenttus Varro Mu- 
 rAr..x: alio that Mur<tia died in his Magiftracy, 
 in whofe ftead was elevfted C». Calpnrmus Pi' . 
 fi} ; and Augufius went out of his govemmenf^ 
 0{ which matter 0/0 thus writeth; Augufius 
 went to the Alban hill, and there refignedup 
 Yyyy 5 ^^
 
 1072 
 
 '^he (hronologie 
 
 the Confolftip. For \yhereas both he himfelf 
 and many others, ever imcc the time that the 
 C.W-was fct in frame and eftablifliedjhadborn 
 the yearly Magilirats, be thought tKat from 
 thence forwards he was to forbear the umcio 
 the end, that the honourable dignity ot f.on- 
 luls flbould be open to as many as might be. 
 And this did he without the City, becauic he 
 would notbchindred and letted iniheafticn; 
 and therewith fubhiiuted in his plate Luc m 
 Stfiitw, a man that of all others moft afiv6 td 
 and loved BYuttu ; who alfo wrote of his prat- 
 ies and commendable parts. 
 
 M. Mtircellus. L. Armitius. 
 
 SaturnirHs', znd Qniftfis Lncrifttm (on of^/fe- 
 tMiVifftUo. OHhiS/'ears confulsthus wriieth 
 D/tf, Cains 5fMr«>r.' was declared Gonfuh buc 
 for that there was to be given him a compani- 
 on, and A«f«/?«J rctuied the fecondipiacc^of 
 Confulfhip reiervcd for him, tticre aro^ea Se- 
 dition, untill huguflHs pronounced Gonful 
 Q^intHs LncTctiHs onc of the Embsfladors, 
 v\pcm the Senat had fent unto him about the 
 j[^ieai.pgoitheforefaidiedrtion;notwJthflan- 
 tl'ng he was a man in times part prokribed and 
 ouJiawed, Thckc^ writeth ^eA'r/Winthefe- 
 ccnd hot k. In the btcktnColotian Hone it isto 
 be read jio'i the Conful ele<fted inftead of Ser- 
 tms SMur^iruj, was Afai'.f^i»uciMs{oO ofMar- 
 cui, l''cll:iMSt unto Fi»«r.«fadjoyneth as'Col- 
 Icgne, \^ripp.i. In this J ear, afterthefirftten 
 
 •"I^His year had for Confuls, as faith Cafftodo- years were exp'rd, for which ipace Kuguftut 
 X rMs^M.MAcelltuind L.ArtinttHs--dii'Dio^ 
 
 Jl^.Cl ltd lision of M-treuf Mcrcillus^ir^At/t- 
 fcrninns \oY\ oi Lucius, In the Capiioll ttone 
 thefe Confuls are thus fet down, L. yirtnciHs 
 fon of L. nephew of L, snd M. CL'udiHsiou of 
 vT/^r f«/. nephew of iW. Whereby it is c>iveiito 
 iinderHand, that in the Sicilian iccords the 
 Conluls are not well put down to be OBavi/i- 
 r«.f the twelfth time,and v^r«;?f wj.In this year, 
 tbeconfpiracy oi Faxmus C^pio wd f^arro Mw 
 r'tiw. agamft Au^uftm was difcovered : and the 
 Temple of thundering y<rj>if*r was dedicated, 
 witnefs Tiio. \ 
 
 M.LoUius. Q^Lepidus. 
 
 1"He fcolotian flone and Caftodoyus fhew 
 for this year Coniuls-:^.t/l»»y;«i Lepidui 
 and M .Lolliu! .D to writech,A hen hu^Hftus was 
 in S/ff///- andthepeopleor/J wirat thcaffem- 
 bly for Confuls election, theti. aroiea fediiion 
 andcommotion.For /-/.Lo/Z/w/orlyentrtdup- 
 on'the government, by reafnn tb^t the other 
 place was referved and kept for A«^ JIhs- but 
 when he made refufall, ^Xf/^ywjwascreattd. 
 Of thefeConfu.s HorAct in his firfl bookot E- 
 pilUes writech thus: 
 
 Me t]umer ui^denos fciat im}levijfe Vecembres, 
 CoUegam Lepidum ejiio dixit Lollius aime; 
 
 Know hCjthit 40 winters old and four, I was ihit ye»r. 
 At Romt whca Conful LoUiiu,(.Mc Upidm hi^fcer. 
 
 734 
 M.Apuleitit. P.StliHj. . 
 
 AFter C^JfiodorHs-, the Confuls that follo- 
 wed for this year, were M. KynltiMs and 
 P.sJ'Ms. ButinD/o. M.ApuUiut ion of Sejf 
 tus^ard PutliMs Silius fon of'PuHius Nems, In 
 the Sicilian tccoids,Apule/Ms and Ntrvtt. 
 
 73 J 
 C.Senttttt, (^.Lucretius. 
 
 THe Color i an ft ore, E^ftbins In bis treaiife 
 of Times, Dio and c/j[fedo7us fet forth as 
 Confuls this year, Cains Semitut (oc of CtiiMs^ 
 
 together with A^r/));><iatthe firfireceived the 
 Cenforisn authority and dignity, he was crea- 
 ted a fecond time by the people over-feer of 
 mens behaviour for the term of five years i and 
 refumed the Cenfcrs power for the fame time, 
 and t^heConfular authority forever. So as, at 
 all times, and in all places,he might have twelve 
 Liftors go baiore him with their bundles of 
 rods, and be-allovved to cake his place a^d Hi: 
 with the Cunfuls. ^i ^ , •■ -^ 
 
 ; • 'flsjg'qi biv- a^'^vi' 
 
 Cv.Lcntuhs. P. Leutulus, 
 
 PU'litts CorneltMi fon bf Pul>liHS, LentHlttS 
 Marcelli>ms: and Cw. Cor»e/i/4S ion of Luci- 
 US-, are fct down for Confuls by the Colotian 
 ftone table; byiJ/ualfo and C/i/7?o^(jr«f.Inthis 
 year M^rfwj hgrifpa by the motion and autho- 
 rity of the Empctour ( tcfar Auguftmy obtained 
 of the Senat and pecp;e of Rome theTlibuai- 
 tian power for fiv e years. 
 
 it 
 
 737 
 C. Far Mint, C.SilanMS, 
 
 THere fuccecded Confuls rext,according to 
 CtijfioderHSyC .Furniusind C.Stlanus, After 
 D/», C.f«r»/»^fon ofC. itid C.Jfoiius fon of 
 Caius Silanns. But in the Colotian fragment.C. 
 Fftrniuifoa ofC<iw,and c. Junius. Whiles c, 
 Furnifis and c .Junius SiLnus were Confuls,the 
 folemn plaics, called Secnlares were now the 
 iitt time fet out by Kug^fius, as Cenforinus and 
 Dw affirm. 
 
 738 
 
 L.DomitiMS. P.Scipiff, 
 
 CAjJtodore nameth for Confuls •£»£•/«; Demi' 
 tint iod P.Scipio. The Sicilian recoxdSjiE- 
 7t»l>arl>Hs and c ornclms. Dio, L.Dcmitius fon of 
 I*f;#/jnephevr of Lucius^ ^r:obartMs : and ^. 
 Qtrntiius fon of f .nephew of PuhlinsScifio ■ la 
 like tnanoer the Colotian table, wherein ic 
 ftandethjthai fotf, «erw//*i there was lubfii- 
 tutcdZ..T«i. i.e.T tortus: of whom Pliny in his 
 eighteenth book ardfcvcmh chapter vvriteih 
 thaS) L.Tfirins PuftHi « man raofi bafe for his 
 
 parentage^
 
 to T.hivm. 
 
 1075 
 
 M. ValeriMS, M.F, 
 CVolgius.C.F^.-'r 
 Smff.CCanimHt, 
 
 ,.«?- 
 
 parentage, deferv ed a Coofulac under Aitgufltu 
 
 Cdfar of happy metnory , only for hjs miliary 
 
 fervicc.Inthis Confuls year was the (iuiuqucn- 
 
 nal folemnity performed, as wmcthD/Ojinaie- .' .. , ., i.-.; ; 
 
 i'moriall of the Empire oi Juguflr*s:&Ti<i yigrtf tikewhe in Cufpimdn his CaleDderjthele Cbr.^ 
 
 •)j>4one of the Qiiindecetnvirs,had the ordering fHisaxfi.witien with their lurnames: 
 
 -Stidfetting out thereof. .. ...^ 
 
 . ' :. MeffAlaQ^HirivHt, 
 
 ''^39' ReLil sSaturninttsl, 
 
 UL.TirHJui. L.Pifo. MaximHsThlfero, 
 
 THe Confuls next folio wing, were M. Dru- 
 fm and L.Pifo^i% Cafiodoru4 faith. The Si- 
 cilian re,;ifiers name them Liho and Ptlo. D/i?, 
 At. LivitU fon of Lucius^ Dr^fm Ltbo ; and L. 
 CMphHrmufion o'i Lucius Pifn. .^.Diufusfon of 
 MArus. I, •.*.• according to the Colocian 
 fragment. 
 
 Cf7.Lcfftn/us. Ifi.Crit^Mt. 
 
 THts year next following had for Confuls, 
 tketCaiJioderrts, and the Sicilian monu- 
 ments,C/;.Lf«f«/vj and tii.cr/tfns: whom Dia 
 CiWeih^M ,L:ciniM fon oi Marcus Cntjlu*; and 
 Cti.CorneUusSo'no{C»:f<s Lentuluj. The Colo - 
 tian fragment ftieweth Marcus Ltcimus Con of 
 MurcHS, 
 
 741 
 T.Nero. Q^S^inttlius 
 
 TIl>rnt4s Mcro, and p. Qjiintilif^s wcfe Con- 
 fuls this year, as t.'ffloSrus reporteth. 
 They ate named Nero and T^a<-u. in the Sicilian 
 Catalouue. And Dio calleth them Tit us CI audi- 
 Mionoiltiicrint Nero: zr\d P. QttiHt Hi us, fon 
 oiSextas f^^rw, TheColotianfragmenr.T'/^e- 
 rifis Clar.dif'.siva or T. SuetOfiius writeth, that 
 TibertHs bare his hrii Confuldiip but a few 
 diies. For this is that Itbenu, Nera,Au^ufius 
 C<tf,rs wives fon, who after the death of Ju- 
 ^«/?(»/,jttaintfd 10 the Emprrejhavirgbeenfirft 
 oy himadoptedo 
 
 74i 
 M.AfcJfttta. P.Sulfitius. 
 
 eAfJioAnus putteth down for Confu Is, >!/<■/- 
 filaZDdP.Sulpittus. The Sicilian records, 
 Miff'il'* and Q^ irinus. Dio^Ai.y.Uerius-, Ion of 
 MarcusyMeffuU Bar baths liod P, Sulfitius fon 
 Q^ Pul'lius Q^iirittut: of whom Snetonius la 
 Cf.tfsjius, and TacitusxD his fecond book write. 
 Moreover, this is that Salfititts Q^uirinus, who 
 by Jofephus in the feventeenth book, of atui- 
 quiticsand firlt chapter^is faid to have born the 
 Confular dignity, and was Lieutenant in Serial 
 At which time, our Lord Jefus Cknji the Re- 
 deemer and Saviour of mankind, was born: of 
 whom Saint Luks maketh mention. faying,This 
 was the firfi enrolment or taxation which was 
 made by .Q«/r/vMi Prcfidenc and governourof 
 SjriA. After thefe Confuls, others were fubfti- 
 nued in their pUce,asthe Colotian i\oi>t HicW- 
 Ct hjwhercin it is thus read : 
 
 By which it appcareth that Rehulus and Satw^ 
 »;««/ were the furnames oiCa>itntusSc yulgtus^ 
 By a tragment of the capito.l marble? iris ev}- 
 dent,that the furnames of K/eri.jv>iis %y£mj- 
 lianfts ; of VolgiHS-, Ri,fus ; arid dehidusOXCani- 
 nius : and that as Rufus was put in the place of 
 Palenus^io Rebr.lus inflead o{ Ri'.fuj. There re- 
 mainerh alfoche memofiall of ReLulus and ia- 
 iurnin^s in the Sicilian re'.ords.In this year Z)/(f 
 reporteth, that Juay.fiut was a fecond time 
 made over-feer for mem. manners and demea- 
 nours five years more : and that he refumed tHjl 
 the fame authority by times,as alfothe Empire, 
 and iherein >^/r//>/»/i died. 
 
 P.PahiHs. 3..iȣlins. 
 
 CyfjfioJi'us cxhibiceth f'-'r this- years Gon". 
 lu s, PmIus F^-bms ind Q^.JElius. Dion^ 
 PauIiis FabiHS, fon of Quintus Muximus ixA 
 Tubero.O\0^.£hus Tube,o,ar)d P. F alius Max- 
 ttttus Con u[SiFroMti»us fpeaketh of in his book 
 of watct-conduits: SicdPl:ny inhis eight book 
 and feventh chapter, where he writeth, tha^ 
 the Theater of yt/^jre^/Zw/ was dedicated vvhc'n 
 i^intus Tuber znd Fabius Ma\. wcre Con- 
 fuls. 
 
 744^ 
 JuIhs Antentus, 
 
 QSabiHS. 
 
 CAJfiodorus nameth for Confuls this year., 
 Junius A»totiius Afrtcaius ir)d O, Fabius, 
 Dio J«/. Ar.tenius Africanus^ znd Q^Fubius fon 
 o^Quintus Maxtmt'.s. The Sicilian Catalogue 
 and Calender of 0»/y'iw/<«>»,fliew Afncanus and 
 Msxitnus. D/9nameth J«/«/,thefon of Anttni'^ 
 us. Unto him Herace writeth in this manner ; 
 
 Pindarum cjuifquis (iudtt ^mulari 
 lulcyceratts cpe Dxd^ilea, 
 Nitttur pertnis ,&c. 
 
 With wings devis' by D<i<i7/«/ 
 ■ And glew'd with wax. they flie: 
 Whoftrive(O-/*/0^>th PifidArms 
 - To match his Poetry, ( 
 
 And after, ?; 
 
 Tendit ( Antoai) queticsirtahei 
 Nubium tratius. 
 
 - ^ "O AnteniSo foft 
 
 As hcdotb mount the clouds aloft/
 
 I074 -^^ Chrmlogie 
 
 ^^ ~ " an rfgiftcrs. This Pr«'/«J brother of 7*^m*/ 
 
 745" " '^^ NervYiiS Atigifim C4ja s wi\ es fon : who bc- 
 
 Vrufus N'erff, Titut Quintim, 'ingC6nful, died.inGfrw^/^', and both he and 
 
 his' cliiidren had the furnamp of C?*rw<wv«, as 
 
 "Here fucceedcdCoff.according to Caffiodo' D'io wiiteth: which ad.d|iion the Senatgav* him 
 
 urKJ^DrhftfsNer'el^tidT.QuiMiHs-.bxiiAket firft of that Provincejas'£»rref/«/faitb. With 
 
 ViotNero Claudi«s,(on of Ttbtrius DruJHs', and the death of this 'Drufus endcih Liviet hiflo- 
 
 T Quint ins > {owoiTttiisCrifpinus. Drnfus ind ries: for thus it is written in the la(l Epi- 
 
 c'rijpims^hy Cu^ihians Calender and the bicili- tomejd-r.Look in the fajd Breviary. 
 
 .^^-^. : To the Reidf.^ryp^^?^ '*"'•' "^ ; 
 
 ' - ■ *" ■ rr "* ' 
 
 I doubt not but many of them rvWo Jhafl'tal^e '-delight and pleAfure in reeding the Roman fim Above- 
 written, will prcfentlf grew into a likjug'cfthe very fla'cet whichath afforded fo tverthy jierfons and 
 rare examples. The love whereof hath moved many a man to undertake a voyage to KotnCitnly to 
 fee the river Tvberis, thofe jeven hits-, A»d the tr.onuments remaining of that famous City. Thf 
 Journey they have found, for wity long and tedious i for expence of money heavy and churgeahle'j for 
 haz,ard of religion f conscience an d good manner St exceedtngdangerous' fofar degenerate are the tU' 
 habitants now from that ancient people fo devout, fo vertuous anduncorrupt, tn oldtime.Tofatisfie the 
 t^tadersin this behalf, and to avoid theperilUfthat travell, I thought it nor amfs to bring Rome (<W 
 it were) home to them,evento repnfentunto their eye the Topography thereof that is tofay^the defer ip' 
 tion of the paces, with the memorable edifices^or rather the ruins of thofe antique bmldtngSy mentioned 
 in tkeflory aforefaid. Andforafmuch as Bartholtnew Marlian7><»r/; herein t^kenpaws, and made a 
 Tretttife thereof-, worthy in hi* conceit to be dedicated Unto that noble Prince of famous memory, Fran- 
 cis the French Ki»g,the firji (/ takj it )ofthat name : and for that thofe learned men, who Ifififet Livy 
 forth in print, have thought good to adoynthereto, as a neceffary dependant, theforefaid Treatifei Jfor 
 my p^rt, having Jtru^ledwith the difficulties of the A\p?, and in fame fort overcome them ; crojfed 
 Rhoine and the Po; pajfed over the hils Olympus and £,caas,andfcrawled through the rough fireighti 
 «/ Therm opylx <?«(slTempc, \eem now I would not at mj return tofiick, ■^t the plea f ant mount Sy Pala- 
 tinCiCapicoH, Aventin,e^c. with theplams andvtilleys between, or the river Tyber and MzTS field ttn- 
 dsrneath them, beautifiedefpecially with fuel fiately Temples, triurnphant Arches, glorious PalaccSy 
 Th'atreSyCircjUes,Columns,and Coloffes, wonders of the world. And albeit I found Marlian/<Jr Hnhk^ 
 him f elf, and the hookjhat goeth in his name much corrupt in the print, yet by conference with other A"- 
 thorsj J haVereformedthefault, and endeavour ed that our Engli^ edition might in fomemeafure bc 
 anfwerabletetheLatine. • r!j;!k 
 
 A Summary colledled by John Bartholmeiv ^5\farUanus^ a 
 
 Gentleman of 9S\filIain, touching the Topography 
 
 of Rome in ancient time. 
 
 b; 
 
 The Fkft Book. 
 
 C H A p. I. 
 
 The Jituatien of the City. 
 Efore we enterprife to fhcw the edifices and buildings of the City of Romcy fomewhat 
 would be premifedofthefite thereof. Begin therefore we will at the very habitation of 
 Itheimmortallgods; with the invocaiionofwhom.ihe Poets are wont in every hard and 
 difficu t workjio lay their firft ground and make theirentrance. 
 The Capitol hill.where it is broadelt^exceedeth not 8co foot: in length it lyeth out toward the 
 Northweft 15CO. It hath a point or wingoneithcr fideinfafhion ofafcmicirc]e;and incompafs 
 containech well-near feven * furlongs. 
 " Sttdit. From this mount as it runneth out in length , the Palatine hill is divided by a valley of thefame 
 
 breadthjor tcmewhat more ; making a fquare with four arg!es of urcquall fideSjContainir<» 1 '00 
 paces. For, the one of dec foot bourdeth upon the C^fp/ffA^f hill: afecondof fe\enhurdicd 
 foot, bendeth to the Nortbeaft: the thi»<), being almort twice as long., Icokeih tcws'dihe 
 Southeaft and the mount Cfl?A»/: the fourthjwhich of all others isbigptft, and ccmprehendeth 
 the lifts or (hew-place, called Circus Maximus, direcStly regardcth xV^Aver.tine. On the feccrd 
 fide thcreofihereis one plain, reaching (rem the head and lop of the /c^^w^fw. tothe uimoft 
 skirt of the hill P«/W»^/ftf, which bendeih toward vht Sr.btrra, ardtakeih up ir breadth jco 
 foot: but it licth outinltngih almcft a mile frcmboth frcnts, between the Capitoll, thePc- 
 rumNervA, arid the Biouat CoAf^/: in like m?nner frcm the faidn-.ountCff/ward i><r/*<»»rj 
 Submra and the £J^0ili4t, as far as to the Cbvrch of Saint Mf.rcetUxf. A feccrd plain there is, 
 
 undex
 
 The 7 opography of RomQ, lonh 
 
 under che ot\\zt point and top of the CapitoljOear the Theatre o'ilA.ncellttSy^Wich firetLheth our 
 506 foot tron the mount it lelt,as tar as to the Tyher ', and anon ovcr-againU: the valley from the 
 crooked reach and courfe of the river, and the nook whereby the Af(.w/«i' is diVid;dt'ro:nche 
 P<i.'<if;«f jic fpreadeth broader : but afcervvards between the Kiid hils itgroweth narrovv,untill ye 
 come to Ccsliolns and the very gate Cafcy.ti ;vi\^txi the hventme is parted from Coslsohis only by the 
 breadthof the (treet or highway. The length of this plain islikewife a mile, having on the right 
 handtVyber and the hventms ; on the Mt^Caphoiine mount, the ^a'athje^zad CxUns. 
 
 Then followeth the mount Cfl://««(reparatefrom the Valatiie\i^ a plain)refembling a pyrami- 
 dal form ofa rpire,foas theBaiethereotcontaineth 5cofoot near tothc Amphitheatre.Divided 
 alfo fromthefimeicisby theHreet Sfpia, faft by the grand Cirque, which reachingto the gate 
 C4p<.v;.«jleaveth on the left hand a valley 600 foot broad,between Car/m and Ca:/'/o///J,lying out in 
 length 4 Stad a^znd within a while to the wals which joyn dofe to the mount Ca:lins,z% tar as to 
 the gate Kfmaria. This hill then from thence lyeth along the City wall for 4 StMi.t, toward the 
 Northealt.From hence the wals meet afront for the fpace of two Stadi.^.-,t\tnio the gate Navia : 
 from whence as they turn to the Northeaft,it is parted from the £/^«//;ie by the ftrcetL«^?f.t«^: 
 arid anon fliewing it felf affeont nearS.M.?rc(r///>7f/, itbeareth forward as far as to the Amphithe^ 
 atre.Thus keeping no certain form, it taketh in circuit about 2 5copaces. Moreover the Ccr/ze/wr 
 is enclofed wthin the faid valley, the ftrect A/>p/.t, and all along Northcaft and Southeatt, tvitli 
 the City wals : and hath in compafs well- near a mile. 
 
 The A'Vi-wr/wijfcemeth to contain two hils; the broader part whereof toward the T;'^rr,and 
 in like manner in length from T^^fr along the wals, and anon near the gite Hoflienf.'^U divided 
 and cut with a crooked ftreet-way which leadeth to the angle of the grand Cirque and the mount 
 Ccsltiis: leaving the other part thereof, divided on the right handfrom the mount C(r//.vx by the 
 Hreet Ap;;.j,untill you c©me tothegatef^jjfw^.It hadincompals i8.5r*W/4 as D/<?»;JJ«/airo te- 
 ftiiieth ; and on the Southeaft, a moll fpacious and larpe plain of 4 unequall fides : toward the 
 South containing almoli 6 5/*?^ <jjWeftward five>fomewhat lefs Eaftward, but toward the Tyiei- 
 not above lour. 
 
 The Ef'/mlia on the South part is divided with the flreet lal^ican.-t ; on the Northweft, with, 
 the valley lying between Calais^ ?.ii.ninHs, and it felf ; onthe North:the Su'urra ; and from the 
 V.mmd hill,the ftreet called P.t/rrf/V.'^parteth it, untill a man come to the bach oS.'Dwdef.a.T. In 
 circuit it containeth about 4 miles, and hath no certain tbrm ; infomuch as Varro (not without 
 good reafon jchinketh it two hills, and aitteth it into many parts. 
 
 The Vimir.d'^xW on the Weli: fide rega rdeth the 0/«r»«/?/.ha ving about a furlong fpace the plain 
 Snbwra lying between : on the North it hath the valley Qnirinalls. Between the fame hils therei 
 lyeth as it werc4 ift«;era in breadth. but about a quarter of a mile in length. And anon it joyneih to 
 the Q_;i:rin.U and Efcjinlia along the wall of the City , by a coniinuall row of many arches, where- 
 by the'e mountains are made even. The compafs thereof taketh up two miles and an half; the 
 form thereof is longwife, and the breadth not in every part alike,but variable. 
 
 The QHirind mount on the let't hand^direftly from the tower called [yiditiartmi] for the fpace 
 of 4 5frt^r;i)Over-iooketh the levell plot of che City which lieih Weft ward : but on the right hand 
 ("as clearly appeareth by that which we have faid)it is oppofite to the yiwinalis'. on the third fide 
 North ward ,tor the fpa:e of 6 Stadia ii lieth to the bill Ci\\cd[yionnhr.':m.'] It hath a valley lymo^ 
 between, in breadth 4 iugemt teaching near to the gate SaUria : and in the whole compafs ic ta- 
 keth almoft three miles. 
 
 Next to it is the little hill H'i5>-^«/flr«w,although itflandcth without the old pomiry ofthe ci- 
 ty: for the fpace of ^ Staditt\x. beareth overthe valley M^rf/<i lying between ic and Ty^fr.Itcarri- 
 €th in length along the wall ofthe City,from the gate Flamentaitsi to CelUfia^i full mile more than 
 any other lides.The circumference thereof is much about 1 8 Staii.t. 
 
 There remainech now the mount Janicidas^onihz other fide oiTyhcr •■ the one halfthereof and 
 not above.is contained within the walls: from the f^tf/c.i»plain,for the Ipaccot ; 5/.?t/f.;,whereas 
 it ftretcheth toward the South , it ad joy neth to the river : the other part thereof is enclofed with- 
 in the walls, for the compafs of five 5fit^'<i. 
 
 Moreover,above the ^rff/V.!»plain,thereis alicde hill of the fame niture,whichputteth forth.' 
 two points like horns ; the one toward Jmiculum^ht other Northward, much like a bow full 
 bent : theconvexity or outward compafs whereof containeth a mile. 
 
 Now will we run over the plain and b.ife plot ofthe City: which beginning at the Capitol hilt 
 nearthegate F/<tw/«/<*,at this day ontheNortheaft fide (orr«:her the North) comprehendeth a, 
 Diameter or race almofl of 8 'iitadt.h environed with the hils Qjiriyrlis and HorttdlorHnr. but on 
 ihe Weft fide, the Tyler runneth by it, where along the b.inks thereof it beareth a greater fpace. 
 Moreover, by a ftreightand direct line being drawn ior two Sf«(^;.i from thz\\\\\ Hortulorttm-, and 
 namely, where it over-looketh thePiereof Di5»;;r/.?« called 7V.».'/w.i<r/;;/j: along thebankof T\he'_ 
 rifjOver-againft iheP/7e Hi^driam^i maketh a quadrangle of four uneven fides, containing withiiv 
 it more than three miles : without which fquare is left the valley M/«>t/<i, namely.as much as lieth" 
 between the hill Hortulontm, the wall of theCity, add Tyl>(ris ■ fo as the bredth draweth nar- 
 rower ftill unto the gate F/.«»;;«»v». 
 
 There refteth yet the Tranftyberin region, which together with the y4»»r'i'//w, taketh in f oth-' 
 pafs about three miles. This willbu moreeafily obierved and marked bv tka verychannelloE-
 
 jQ^^ The Topography o/Rome. 
 
 'Tybtrtsi which entring into the ciiy, keepeth his courfe dirett'y on the right hand of the gate 
 flaminia through the valeM^rf/^, and foon after by little and little turneth from the Noith, 
 Weftward,and reprcfenteth the form of a feniicircle,in the convexity whereof is the Vatican-, and 
 within the concavity,thc lAars field.Moreover,beneath the Moles or pilej \^,'driAnt] returning lo 
 his former courfe,as tar as to the utmoft foot of the Aventine, winding lomewhat crooked into 
 the South,not far from the gate PorfKf/;/^ ic runneth forth of the city. 
 
 Thus much concerning thefituation and form of /^owd'jand the plot wherein it ftandeth,which 
 at thisday is lb far changed, that hardly a man may find any token or memoriall of it, as it was in 
 old time. 
 
 CHAP. II. 
 Of (he founders oft he City of Kome^the KK.and Inhabit Mts thereof, 
 
 THc region (on which Kome was after built ) Wed of Tj-^^f, a hundred and forty furlongs di- 
 (lant from the fea^the Sicilians (by conftant report) firft inhabited. Afterwards,the Aberigi- 
 fieslcivino Arcadia^ by the conduct of Of»o(n«; the ion of Ljc^zaw, came into the faid quarters: 
 and being grown into a liking of the place for the fercility thereof they expelled the Sicilians, and 
 held it forlheir own ufe. In procefs of time the Pelafgians,a people o{ Greece, together with the 
 Thefialiansjwhocame to aid the Aborigines againft the nations their neighbor borderers, remai- 
 ned alfo inihefe parts(with the good will and contentment of the faid y4^or;;^;w^juntilI the Tro- 
 jan war : but they all retained the name of the Aborigines^ which prerogative they held becaufc 
 ihey were the fir[l,that by arms conquered that feignory and kiiygdom.Long time ziittySaturnhz- 
 in" chafed out oiQrcte by Jupiter his fon;fled mxoltnly : where he taught }mus the King of the 
 ^4^oy/^;«« the skill of planting vineyards,with the ufe thereof, and likewile the handling of the 
 fickle : in regard of whith good turn,hc was freely feoffed by Jahhsid part of his realm, yea, and 
 after the dcceafe oi Janus enjoyed the kingdom alone. After this,the ArcadianSjWho foriook the 
 city P. <la>it!(tm( as weary oi their own nacive country)and by the leading o? Evander^ktkmo forac 
 other place of habitation, arrived at the place where now Some ftandeth l received of Faunui 
 the K. of the Aborigines, a portion of ground ; built a fort upon a little hill not far from T}l>ery 
 and named liVrJaKtium, in remembrance of their native city which they had abandoned. After 
 all this,the Peloponnefians, Phanetians, and Epians, by reafon that Elis their native country was; 
 wafted before by Hercules.vftit by him brought away into Itaiy^znd they planted themfelves up-. 
 on the mount S(if«>«/;/f, Thefe men lived along time according to their own lav^sand cuftoras, 
 uutill they being vanquifhed and fubdued by the Aborigines,v/eve incorporated by them into one 
 < ommonalty.TheB raigned Latmus the ion of f rf«»«j,unti!l fuch time as Rneas the ion oiAnchi- 
 Jest after the overthrow and finall ruin oi Ilium-, after many adventures and much variety of for- 
 t me, which he had endured together with the Trojans his companions, came by the inllinft of 
 the dellinies to K. Li!t;««j.Whofe daughter L^w;/^ he took to wife-and fo was by L<ifz>j«^ admit- 
 ted into thefociety and fellowfliip with him of the kingdom. \N\\&r\\.\\e. Aborigines and the Tro- 
 jans were thuslinked and joyned together, he called both nations by the name of Latines. Then 
 was &.neM Wtsrred upon by TurnHs ; for that he had married Lavinia, who was efpoufed and affi- 
 anced to him before. But JEneas v^on the viftory,and in fingle combat flew Turms. At that time 
 alio LatiNus died, and leit his fon in law JEne^s heir to the crown, c ertain years after was JEnem 
 killed hy'Mez.eKtinS K.of theTufcans ; and Afcanias his fon fucceeded in the kingdom. He built 
 the towns Laviuiu/n and Alba: and when he departed this life, made over the crown to his bro- 
 ther SylviusMi^t him followed Kings, ;E«f<?s SylvittsX^tinus Syhiu5,Alla,yltjs,capyS;C(ipetuSy 
 Tybert;:»s,Agrifp.i,RomuhtSyAve>]ttnfiS:,Prccas^ai](i AmuHiis, This Aw;///«s ufurped the kingdoin 
 by fraud, which in right of elderfhip was due to his brother Numitor. And tor fearleaft there 
 might arifefrom his brothers off-lpring, ibmeone to make claim and recover the royallfeat, and 
 thereby himfelt be thruit out of his place, he confecrated Rhea the daughter of Nnmitor to Vefia^ 
 for to be a proteffed Nun.She being thus made a votaryjand devoted to perpeiuall virginity ,hap- 
 ned to be with child by M^rs, and was delivered of two boies, twins, namely, EomuIhs and Re- 
 rntti, ArnHlms advertifed hereof ,commanded both the babes to be cad forth to pcrifh.Found they 
 were by T^uftpiltu a ilicpheard upon the bank of the river Tyber^ and by his wife FaHJlnla foflerco 
 and brought up among other fhepheards, Remta being grown to mans cttate,was taken by cer- 
 tain thieves and robbers,and broughtto K.AmnliM his great-uncle. Accufed he was,forthaibe 
 tifed to raife booties and drive away whole droves oi Numitor his cattell. Whereupon delivered 
 he was to Ntmitor for to bepunifhed according to his difcretion. ^wxRemus after much dif- 
 courfe of fpeeches to and fro, was by certain tokens found ard known to be Numitor his daugh- 
 ters fon. And at the very time came Romulus alfo with Faujlulm in place, purpoficg to refcue Re- 
 Ttitu bis brother. Soon they entred into aconfpiracy,and at unawares furpiized and murdered A- 
 viuliM : andfo'cllored their grandfireA7»w«tor.Tn the i'ecord year oi Ntmitor his iekn^Rown/tu 
 and Rcmtu built the City oiRor,.e, in thevery place where they had been laid forth to perifti, 
 which was the432ye3r after the winning of Tjo^, and the twelfth day before the calends of 
 ■May. Afterward"; in a fray that arole between Roninltu and ReKut ftrivinp for the foveraignty, 
 Kcmm came by his deaihjand then Romulnt gave came both lo the City and Citizens alfo tA^tmc, 
 
 CHAP,
 
 The Topography of Kome. 1077 
 
 CHAP. III. 
 
 Theftrm andhignefs office Ctty o/Romulus, 
 
 ROmulns fee out the Cityfourfquar, as P/«f<?>-f/' witneffeth: whereupon offome if is called 
 Qnadrat-KOi^^ti affirnijthat the form and compafs thereot'is luuertaiu .^nd hv it >ioa ol' An- 
 tiquity unknown at this day. The hill PaUtmus was by Romultu firft fortified, beci uk. therein he 
 was brought up : at the foot thereof began the P#wa'r/»»;. Afterwards the Capitol and the Roman 
 Forum were laid to it. 
 
 The City began to be marked and bounded out from thebeatt-market ; from when e in certain 
 places were ftories pitched and fet between, alongthe bottom of the mount VaLtine^as far as to the 
 altar ofC(?^/«i: and I'o within a while to the old Curia: then, to the Chappell of the L.rfj and the 
 Roman ForMm the bounds were e.\tended_, untill a place was alTigned for the wals, and a fpacious 
 plot to build the City upon. 
 
 Titus T^titu began the wall from the rock Carmentalis, and brought it to the way,which is not 
 far from 7 yl^er, Icrom thence South ward unto tlie fartheR pirt of the grand Cirque: and faNorih- 
 eaft-ward he ranged it into the F<;r.'/«;oiiV(,>•^vI, andin theend joyncd it to one of the points ot 
 the Capitol hill, and within it compa fled both the Capitol it felfjand alfo the Palatine, hViA finallyj 
 to enlarge the City,he fee to it the h'lh Quirinalis and Calius^ 
 
 CHAP. nil. 
 
 ThegMes 0/ Romulus his City, 
 
 ROnwhis ^Nhca he died, left the City of Romewiihthiez^ites^mmf^y^CarniefitaliSiRomana^ 
 and P.Wd^^.Others add a fourth thereto,to wit Janualis. 
 
 Carmentalis took the name of C^y-w^wf// the mother of ft^-aWfr, whofeChappelC4»-?»ff;jf^/f 
 ftood before the gate.This gate Rood underthe Capitol ontheright hand b.-twecntne cliff T^r- 
 peiusiT)d the Ty/'^r-over-againft the Church now of Si<ri.r/;fn>;e,tovvard ihcfhew-pia-e I'l irJni- 
 ftius. This was afterwards named Scelerata^ioi thjt without this gatejinthe Temple oiJa»u:, the 
 aftofSenat palTed,for the fending ofthe three hundred Fal/iitoCreme. a ^viho wentionh at this 
 gate,and were Qain every one at Cfwfrrf. 
 
 Roma».i was fo called of Romu/us:hm\i it was where now the gardens are belonging to the new 
 Church of S.M.!r)',not far from the angle ofthe mount P.rto/^fjin the bottom ofthe ciitf of ^/VTo- 
 r/rf.Someartirm,tbat this gate was afterwards called M«^«».vJj of the lowing ofkine and oxen: o- 
 thers name it Tr/^^w;;;?, of three corners that it had. 
 
 PaiiJ^>7a was fo named ,becanfe it (lood open for things to be brought through ic into the City,' 
 The fame alfo was called Libera or Romulida. The place forit they affigned where the gate Satur' 
 »/4ftood,bearin^ the name of the old City -focal. ed and afcerdeliroycd. 
 
 Jasiij.lis carried the name of theTempley.w^;,which is not far otf.It Uood fometime at the ve- 
 ry foot of the \\i\\l^imtnaUs, 
 
 CHAP. V. 
 
 vv 
 
 «J H A P. V. 
 
 The "Oariety of the compafs and tvaHs ofthe City, 
 
 Hen theRomans one while made warupon their neighbor nations of /M(y, and other-; 
 
 whiles defended themfelvesagainrt their violence, it hapned forthemofi part thac thej? 
 got the upper hand andever as they vanquiflied any and fubdncd them under their lubjedion, ici 
 theend made them Citizens of ^o»;<?: by which occalion the City built by Romulus, was not iui- 
 ficient to receive fo great a multitude. Tw/Zw-f therefore after his conqueft ofthe Sabins and Al- 
 bans laid to the City the mountain Coslius and the Ef^:iiu-,3r\d fo enlarged it.Afterwards,when 
 Pi7//ror;'«»; was won,and a number of the inhabitants tranflated to Aiowi? J y^»c«xmade a feconti 
 enlargement of the City, and granted thcfenewcommers themount vfw»r/»f toinhabit.Theold 
 Romans therefore dwelt in ?.:/atine ; theSabins in C^ipitolium ; the Albans in fcZ/w ; and this, 
 rewcome moltitnde in Aventine. But after the Latines alfo were received into the City, they, 
 joyned J.inictt!ns alfo to the city by a wooddenbridgmade over the Tjber ; andcaft a trench cal- 
 led Folf.t Quint lum-nhovii the low and levell places of the city. So the Tranf- tyberine quarter waa 
 united to tlie city , and made it more fpacious and ftately : lafl of all, Scrvius Tulltm by adjoyning 
 the hils r/w/«.7A/ and Omrimlis to thefiveabovenamed, amplified thecity, AndasbeforeiS 
 was mounded about with rubbifh,and the famerudely laid, Tarq:-in the proud v/as thefirrt thac 
 enclofed it with a wall of good aflilerftone.And the very fame wals which fknd at thisday,werc 
 by the polkrity that followed, repaired and reedified upon the old foundations. But the city in 
 old time,when as it flourifhed in greateft glory,extended far more in bounds and compafs. Foric 
 Vliiiies time the circuit thereof within the wall contained about ;o miles.But in thefe dales hard" 
 ly 1 2.And the whole compafs of thecity, withthcfuburbsand buildings about and without thq 
 walls(which although they fpred far^wcre comprehended yet under the name of city)in the laid 
 P//WW timcjwas 50 miles, 
 
 (CHAPp
 
 jQ^g The Tofograf hy of B.ome. 
 
 CHAP. VI. 
 The ?om(Xty of the City, 
 
 T Hat void fpace of ground within acd without the walls, which might rot lawfully be either 
 ploughed or iDhabited,is called Pomcery. And lometime it is put for the circuit ot the whole 
 City.This Pomcery was oftentimes fet out farther,and altered by the Roman Emperors.Biit none 
 had power granted fo to do,fave only they that either conquered lomewbat to the Roman do- 
 minion, or endowed the City with fome fin°ular and efpeciall benefit ; as the imperor f //^f^/w^ 
 and many more. And like as the Romans hadnocertainlimitsof their Empire, fo no fet bounds 
 confined either the City or the Pommry. 
 
 CHAP. VII. 
 
 The gates ofoldKotnz^whtch At this d^ty are not to befcen J thofe a/fothat are norv extent. 
 
 EVenasthe bounds of the City and Tomcerium were many times altered, foihegates alfo; 
 tome were left within the City, by occafioB that the walls were farther fet out i:nd loft their 
 names: othersin time were fo old, that they fell down; and albeit their name remain, yet the 
 place where they (iood is not known. Some again were made new, and took either new names, 
 or elfe kept their old : others changed the placcjand held their oJd name : and finally ,ihere were 
 fome that had two names ; and others, more. And thefe in manrxer were all the names of the 
 gates : 
 
 FlHmentanayOtFhmtina, Q^!ri>talis-,yi£9>}efrJtuor Collina. 
 
 Nume-Ntaf^aoi Viminal^s. Jamtdis^cx Sabiufa, leading into the Sabins country, 
 
 E[i]K:liyia-,ox. Taurina. NaviaflV Labicana. 
 
 Ciipeaa^ot ^pp-a. Cccln»oy!ti!fnr..r>t Af.naria, ^ 
 
 Tirgemina.oi Hojiienjls, Portuenfls^ot Navalis. 
 
 Ratumena^OX Fientana. Triumphalii-fiTVaticana, 
 
 Carmeritalu^Magoma-,Pa>7d^'.>ia,QuerejiietHlayiatRadu[ciila^SagirialisyS(iMcUalis^ColUti)}a^Inter' 
 aq^geres^ Tibpirt ma^ Ciabiiifa-)Latina^yinreliafLatuL'.ria^mreKtia-)Vominalis , LavernalisyFereKtma} 
 /.'lr-?i4thhiyS'a/.'-!ia-is-,Aftitia,PiacitlariS) 'PreneJlt>j,iy'Lii!iti>!enfis,l'^a/eriayand Tarpeia. 
 
 Flutneyita^^tooV name of the river Tyheru ; for it Rood at the fir(t upon the bank of that river, 
 not far from thebridgof Az/wjintheendoftheBroad llreet,andac the head ofthewayoiftreec 
 FhminU: but afterwards-tranflated it was to the place where now it ftandeth.In time foIlowing> 
 it was called f /.»^;«M,of the caufey olFLtminias : at this day it is named. The peoples gatCj and 
 is (itU2te in the hill i/6rf«/(7r«w. 
 
 CrUcttinjt h,-,ri- the name ofColliitia,a town not far from Rome : now it is Vfr.cia>!a,oionc ViHci- 
 w-iSenator. vvhoft- nameitkeepeth, Thisalfoftandeth in thehillHer(»/o>"»«»: beiweenitand 
 l!::irey!'.a-^a is ,• mile fpace. 
 
 QHirmaltsxooV. name of the Chappel oi Q^iirinm : or becaufe in old time the way lay through 
 it.for them thjt went to the hill Qnirmdis. Itfeemethto \3^Q^\^tAAgonenfts^qHafttyuv©■, i.e. 
 without a cornsr ; .TfterwardsjCo///;?^: and at the h^^Sal.tria ; lor that by it fait was carried into 
 theCity. i hismme it holdetbftill.and Handeth 6 StadtuixomQollatina. 
 
 Vmnndts IS from Q^urtndis c\[\zx\\. 5 Stadia} lo named, as they fay>of a wood of 0(iers,which 
 (as it is li;ppofed;fomctime grew thereby: or elfe.of a Chappelj o'iJttp.Fimineus. This alfo men 
 called FignUnfts^ ot the potters works made without it : but now they name it the gate of S.v^^- 
 &f/,3nd Nnme>:t:ma, 
 
 • /w^er^j^^jTffwBandeth in the Plain ?^w/W;j, between the gate f/w/w^//^ and £y^«//i»^: ithad 
 the denomination of 7^rf»-si'w>j/«i his mures and banks, among which it was built. 
 
 Ttburtifiafi ood between Efjailwa and NumcntanaSo as it was 1 2 Sri»^/(S diltant from F.fqmli* 
 »,«,npon the plain of £/f «'//<« in the very place where the conduit is oftheyTc/^rv water. 
 
 £/(7;./7/«,nookthat n.ime of thehiil £/^«///<« , theiamein ancient time waj railed Tattrina^ of 
 abnils head iherefound : for manyaday afterw.isthe fa id bulls head feen painted in the innCE 
 front of the faid gate. At this day.S. L^«r>«ce gate, 
 'NemibM Ts^o^'^ia drew the name of certain 'groves or woods near adjoyning.In time'? p:ft "LabicanaiixA 
 
 now /T-/.«/t/r.An arch there was fo called and erected in the fame place by ihe old Romans. 
 
 Cflf/;7wo»/-<:?j7^,(tanding from Nttvia 8 Siadia feemeth by affinity of name t.' he lb caliecj of the 
 hill C«////r in the edi;e whereof it ftandeth : and yifiyami it was called, of the Afles which were 
 wont to be fcnt out to AT'^jp/f/by that gate.At this time they call itS. ?o/iw/g.ne. 
 
 6''«/i'//'/I(, built dofe to the mount Ca//w.f, Southeafl : which icemeth by a;l likelihood to take 
 ihe name of the City O'.-^vi, which it dire<fl:lyregardeth. It carried ihtmmf: z\{o Mctrodinmidi 
 mealuring and is (itnartrom Qoelimo>ita>7ii^i%\l were 5 Stadia, 
 
 'L.iti>iah 5 ^ . .' a iikewife from Gahittfdy leated not far Irom the Church of S- J»h» Baptift : fo 
 called for that men go forth r>fit jntoL.T//«w. 
 
 " G<';.(f>;Sis fo nameiH of the r,jpenats,a Latinenation, againft which it lyeth. This alfo is called 
 (lili CrtWffiM.", ofa grove and Ch.ippei of the Mufes, built jull before the );me gate, ^ppia like- 
 wife, of the high- way Jppia j which .■^ppius the Center paved, and fo it bare his name.They call ic 
 
 alfo
 
 T he Topograf hie of P^omc, 1079 
 
 alfo Trifrnpha/u, for thac in criumph the pomp is that waycarried wich ftate. Of fome it is named 
 FttrtiKaltsiioi the plenty of fprings there. At this day S.Sehaftians gjte. 
 
 Tfr^ir»j/«4 took that name of an old gatefocalledi at which the 5 twins //<j/-.«»7 went forth a- 
 gainrt their enemies, and gave the firft name to it. Some fhew remaineth yet of this gate to bri 
 leen, neer the Salma^ 
 
 HoJiicMfis, was in ancient daies fo called, for that it led to the City Hojlia : now S.Pa-.ls gate .' 
 fituate it is from Capcna wel-neer 8 Stadu. 
 
 i>ort vf«/7/ is a gate beyond the 7)^fr, within half a Stirdium ohbe faid river ;fo callcd/orthac 
 itleadethto thehaven o( Hoflia. Nowa-daiesmencallit, Porta r'pa,i. The bank gate. 
 
 .^//j-f//<i,looketh toward J<j;j;f«/«OT ; dilhnt from the former almoft 7 S;<ii/>. In this age they 
 call it S,Pancrflce^ZX.e4 
 
 yl*li.i, was built by ty£iiHs Httdriar.tis-, of whom it took that name, 
 
 5ifpr/wM»(i, bare the name oi ScptimiHsihe Emperor : and becaufe it ftandeth under Janiculum, 
 is at this day called, S«^fw "jayinn:. Some affirm, that this is Fontir.alts-, becaufe cut otthe mount 
 called j^Hreus-, there iflbe fountains : for to the faid hill this gate flandeth clofe. From it to A-"re- 
 lia are 5 Stadia I and to the river Tyl>cr 7 j*tgera or acres. 
 
 Thus much for thegates of the City oi Rome, and their names. 
 
 The wall in old time had upon it 560 turrets. Some ot thefe are decaisd and gone ; others re- 
 paired, andmany this long time are ready to fall. 
 
 ^JO w is it time, and the courfe of the Story doth require, that leaving the towrs and walls, we 
 enter into the City, and fhew ihebeginning and the place ofthofe edifices, which within the 
 walls,either upon the hills or the plain plot ofthe City, were built by men in old time.Firft there- 
 fore, begin we will at the worthier earthly habitation of all their God?, to wit, theCafito/. 
 
 'TbefecondBool^, 
 
 CHAP. I. 
 The fuftdry n4met of the Ctipitol, 
 
 THe Capitol was by the old Romans called Mount Santrmas^ either of a City named Satur- 
 nia, which under the very hill was built in that place where now Rome (hndeth : or becaufe 
 SatHrn'in times part dwelt inthat hill: orelfe(as fomethinkjfor that the mount it I'elf had 
 Saturn '(or the tutelar God Jiid Proted^or therof. But afterwards it was named the mount 
 T,,rpei,fSy ofthe Virgin Ja-peia, of whom Uvy writeth. Laft of all, Tartj^^tnus Prtfcus "oin" in 
 bsnd to buildupon that hill a templeto y.^/r^r, when he digged forto lay the foundation,cb°an- 
 ced to find inihcbottom of the trench a mans head ; whereupon they called it Crfo/reZ/^^w,' And 
 the Augurs being fought unto and demanded, What the finding of that head mi<'htfionify'> an- 
 fwered, That this Caftle fhould be the See ofthe empire and the head ofthe whole world This 
 hill they divide into the Caftlt and the Capitol. TheCaftle they built Northward, as a flronocc 
 and more fortified place : but the Capitol, toward Tyberis-, a place naturally defended. ^ 
 
 CHAP. II. 
 ivhofirji Uidthe fofiiidAtion ofthe Capitol: who fin ifh edit : how often 
 it wM burnt ^ And by whom reedipsd. 
 
 IN the Sabine war, Tar^ui»ius Pnjcfts vowed to build the Capitol temple: but after the wa^ 
 was ended, fo foon as he had laid the ground-work, he died. After him, Tarqutmns Saperb/ts 
 finifiied the building, of 4 fquare (tone: anddefraiedthechargesthereof out ofthe pillaoe of 
 PomxttA, a Town that he won. When heforhis tyranny was baniOied Rome, Uoratius Pithillui 
 the Conful dedicated the faid Capitol to Jupiter. It flood upright and found for the fpace of4i c 
 years, until the Marian wars, and then (intheConfulfhipof St/p/oand AJ^r^oJit wasconfumed 
 «vith fire. S;.//.i re-edified it, and ^.C<j////^i confecratcd it: and fo it continued untiltheVitelli- 
 an war. During which troubles, it was a fecond time burnt, at what time it flood with the dores 
 fluK,undefended and not rifled. Veffiapan built ic againjand inhis life a third time it wasdeftroicd 
 by fire: and together wich the C3^\io\/e[pafia>i alfo himfelfdicd. Afterwards,Do»»/rM» rebuildcd 
 it in more magnificent and flatcly manner than it had been ever before, and disburfed therein a- 
 bove r 2000 talents. Of the Capitol turrets and pinacles, the flatues and images fmitten with 
 ihunder-boks and blaflcd oftentimes with lightning, divers writers have made tnention. 
 
 CHAP. Ill, 
 The Temple e/Jup. Fcrctrius, o/Jup. Opt. Max.o/Juno^WMinerva's. 
 
 ' He Capitol, Ckero calleth The houfc and habitation of thegods, becaufe it contained the 
 chappclsjftatucs, and images in manner ofall thegods: but the firft of all otbcrin j^ome was 
 
 Z-2Z2 jhar
 
 1080 T beTopograf hie of Kome. 
 
 that oijftfiter F*retrm^ vowed by Rmulns in the war againft the Cenenians. After which wai 
 ended, and he returned to RomeYi\i\\ viftory, he reared a temple in the very pitch and top of 
 the capitol hill. But Jupiter was by Eo».ulfis mmcd FeretriHs,as lome would have it; for that /«- 
 ;)/ffrafl)ftedhim in Itriking the enemy, in ihar very place where he vowed the temple. Orelfe, 
 becaufe the Romans ufed in making of peace, to fwear by his fcepter and the flint. The roof of 
 this Church fain down for very age and throcgh negieft of theRomans,^0^»/«j repaired.This 
 temple firft built by BomnltiSi was afterward, enlarged by Anc^s Marttus. 
 
 But the temple of Inp. Opr. M^-x. of all other was the greateft and moll renowned. This alfo 
 was called Capnoiimm j and T/irq. Pr//c«j vowed it. After him, Tanj, Sffper!^. sexpcT\dtA in the 
 foundation thereof 40000 pound weightof filver ; but before that he Hnifhed it, he was depri- 
 ved ofhis Kingdom for his tyranny, andleft the work unperfcd to be accompiifced by the Ro- 
 mans. Built it was upon the hanging of the Capitoline hill toward Tjbens-, as hath been fhewed 
 before. For the form, thegreatnel's and beauty of this temple,read D.onyfitis&nd fundry other au- 
 thors, who have written of the Roman afts and oi Ro»;e it felf. Upon the top or lantern thereof, 
 flood Summanus the God, made ot potters earth, whofe head was fmitten with lightning and fell 
 into Tyberii. It had within it belides, a iancluary orfecretchappel, which no Layperfon might 
 enter into. Within the faidccU orchappel, were two coronets of gold: iheone ofthem,the 
 Gauls confecrated to I.-'p.Opt.Maxiwxs : the other,rhe Carthaginians fent to Rome'm the honor 
 of ///p'ftfj-, in token of joy for their victory over the Samnits. Morever, in the faid temple were 
 other three chappels, to wit, one of/ p. Opt Max. in themids;a fecond o'i'isVmervaon the right 
 hand: and a third ollttno on the left. And becaufe men in old time attributed unto M:nervti\!az 
 inveniion of numbers, a law was fee down in writing. That the chief and higheft Pretor for the 
 time being, fhould drive a fpike or great nail necr unro her image, whereby the computation of 
 the years might be known. This fo rich and co(f ly edifice, was burnt all at once in the Viiellian 
 war. Now at thisday the place wheras it flood, is prophane: howbeit there remain yet tobe 
 feeuj feme tokens thereof, and the foundations J but alldeformed and broken peecemeal. 
 
 CHAP. IV. 
 ( The Tt^w/Z^/o/ Saturn, Jupiter Tonans, Jupiter Cuftos, o/Fortune, 0/ Vcjovis Mercyjunq 
 Moneta, «»^»/janus. The[epHlchreofOzdiie.s-)tbecomn}onTrcafi*r}y 
 thehofffeofMialias^afidchappelefCatmtmz. 
 
 Since th^t we have defcribed the temple oiUpiter K. of the Gods, in what place it wasfituat, 
 and by whom built; meet it is to make report alfo of othergods in order, who had their 
 houfes in the capitol : and firfl of Saturn, lupitersinbtt. 
 
 Saturn in old time had an altar ereited unto him in the very way as ye go out of the Fornm Up 
 to the capitol, as fome think. There bcjthat would have this temple or altar oi Saturn, built by 
 the companions of Hercules : Others again fay,that Tatins reared it. But of this variety in opinion 
 of Writers,this may be the teafonjbecaufe fome affirm, that there were two temples confecrated, 
 to Satur», but reared in divers places and at feveral times : one at the rock oiCarmenta, even be- 
 fore the capitoline cliff (wherein the bones alfo of 0>-f/?«brought from hricia were btrflowed:) 
 the other in that very place,where now (1 andeth the chappelof S, Saviour : where yet at this day 
 there i s a turret to be feen^which they call,the Tower in £rar;um: for there lirft was the common 
 'treafnre houfe of Rome, In the temple of S^rwr^, dedicated by Catnips LuB^atius^ih&tc ftoocl 
 //f»v/ with four faces;fignifying thefourtimes of the year : of whom thetirlf montk Imuarj toolfl 
 name. _ f 
 
 Thetemp'e of/ piter Tonans Au^t/ftasC afar RvRhmk.on thecapitolinecliffor fideofthehilK' 
 South-ead ; upon this occafion : It hapned, that in the Cantabrian expedition, as he was carried 
 by night in a litter, the lightning flightlyglinced thereupon, and killed the fervamthat was t^ne 
 fuide ;and (hcreforeheboth vowed this temple, andalibfinifhedit iothehonotoiThK»drifi£- 
 L'piter. A f emp e alfo to Fortune was built not far from ir. 
 
 The temp'e oi Tejovls, flood between the cattle and the capitol, in that part where noW the 
 chappels are to be feen of confer laiors. In o'd time they called this Idol- devil, f^f/oz/^f, becaufe he 
 wa? deprived of all power to help and'dogood. To him they facrificed alhegoat: becaufe he 
 held A rows in his hand, moftmen thought he was Apollo. 
 
 hfjium-, th.u is to fay, the temp'e of Mfr^ flood likewife upon the capitol hill,neer afliadowy 
 
 frove, in the very v.^lley amid the capitol, andthecaflle. Called it is the temple /«tffriW(7«f«««», 
 etween two oke rows. This, Romuhs ereff ed ; that what offender foever thither fled,he fliould 
 bepriviledged asin a fanftuary, '^ut 7)'^<'r/«;afterwards,lijppofingtbat this place miniftred oc- 
 ca!lon ofmillhief, deprived it of that liberty. ThlsAfjlum', byreport,thepofterityof //ifrc«/fj 
 firfl ereded. 
 
 The temple(as alfo themint-houfe) of luno Mo»eta,viis built upon that plot ofground,where 
 fomtimc flood the houfe of M.M«»;j/»«j. This chappel,fome report that ^..Furiusvovied > others, 
 that £,, C;ccm«^ the Pretor ; and OW, that f <«»;«//»/. Now was /««o called M<»»fr<», of giving 
 warning ; for that from the very place where afterwards the temple was fet, there was a voice 
 heard of luno-, admoni Ih i ng them ot the future overthrow by the Scnones. In this place now ftan- 
 dcch a Senators houfe of Rome, 
 
 The
 
 The Topogfapke (?/Rome. loSi 
 
 ^Tbe templa ot Ja>iUt kec, er of the Capirolioe ciftle, ibod in thit place, whereat thu djynr^'-^"^^ 
 the goal and prifon for tnalcfidlors and fellons, toward the Somhweft,ovcr. giirkths FoTuht Rgi 
 manfim. This Janut upon tbcC»p\to\,K9mulfis sadTatiut drvilcd to have two faces prcfefat- 
 ing tbcrby [the two nations. Others would have him to be pourtraied 2 t"aced,for h,s cunning and 
 providence; for he was the fir-t that invented the roiall crown ; aUo ooats; tbeskill ot navigaTion; 
 brafcn cain and many other things. Jmhs took that name ah en»di, of going, for that be turoeth 
 about the heaven and all things elfe. l-or which caufe he aKo named Mertumnm \ )n old time they 
 beleeved there was but one y<s««/ ; but polterity in later agi^ have imagined more. 
 
 The temple oijufitet [uflot, Domttian ('ahcrhe wis mvefted in the empire^bLilt.- and phcei 
 his own image in the lap and Oofome of that god. It (tood where at this day the Salarji ot UltpitjS 
 arc, nccr to the temple of y^««/. 
 
 CHAP. V. 
 
 The temple »f godtvhtcb have w» certain pUce ntxv it the Capita/, 
 
 AMongthole gods, 'vhofe cletcrminat place afsigned to them in the Capitol, isnot knowti 
 ■^where it was, the firft vtts T'rmittui^ as to whom in all the world throughoot, there is n* 
 proper place appointed. Now this 7Vr>»/»w wtsatudeandformlels Itone. Unto him Ti«««/fitft 
 vowed a temple.' and (cme fay,that A^*»wj dc dicated it. How ever it be; no donb: verily ancient it 
 Was, ascafily may be collcdled by that which followetb. But why, that in the Capitol was of 
 men in old time tcputsr* f"r a god, this was the caul'e .* when TarqniHiMi SHper(>Hs determined to 
 buiiJ a r«mp!c to J-'^'^^'^ie conlbltcd with the Augurs about the place, becaufe be would Degia 
 nothing without tti28"^s Jbation of the birds. They (hewed unto him the mount Tapeiiis, but tKis 
 place was already taken up with other gods, whofechappels there, were conlccrated and hal- 
 lowed. Thf *« tnercfore were by certain (crifices to be conjured out from thence, fortogive 
 way to Jupt^fT. and to be trair'^Ucd into lome other quarter. All the gods willingly yeeldcd theic 
 places up to Juptterii their K.'only Ttrminut '•<j'uled to be dilphced ; a id fo remiin:d there llil. 
 VVhen he had rtniihcd the temple an! fore-pirf of the roof which regardctb the faidltori;, was 
 left naked and open for that god,as who neither ought not* could beendoled.theaugurcstheftore 
 being foflght unto and demanded. For wh«treafonTirr«r»i»»« alone abode ftillwiih J»^/tfr, whca 
 alltheofher gods were gone ? madeanlwer^ that thereby llgnificd, that together with religion, 
 their empire t\io was eternall.To this god they lacrificed not but in open air tod o jblickly abroad, 
 as being the god and keeper ut Dounds. Saint Kugulline vvitneiseth,thit Mars al oand JuveniMs 
 together with Terminm wou'd not agree to give place to Jupiter : for that uic dominion of Rome 
 (faould not be bounded out, nor yet decay with age and coritinuance ot time. 
 
 To Mars and \eKwsEnci»a, Attilus and^. Fal>, Max. being Dnumvirs, dedicated chappelS 
 upon the Capitol, ferared afundet by one vaultor ciftern. 
 
 To queen J««#, C. Flamintut in the Ligurian war, vowed a temple. 
 
 To OpSy lattut the K. coaiccrated a temple ; for that (he is called f hp partb, and is the mothftc 
 of all things , as bringing forth all, and tcccivmg all aga^n.Tae fame Opt is called Maia, ^aaKa,iv\i 
 Bona Dea, This temple was blaft cd with fire from heaven, as Livj teludetb. 
 
 Mart revenger, Augnfiut CtfarcteAed a temple upon the C:pitol, wudin (be hill SatHrnitft, 
 
 To Fattb, on the fame hill, httiliMs QolUtinui dedicated another. 
 
 To Health, Concord, Ltberty^tadi Vt^orj^ they built temples ; and many there were vyithia tho 
 tity erefled toConcord. 
 
 To FortutiaVr,migenia%ndOh[tqiiencey Twffw/ dedicated atemple. 
 
 Tor;-w/»/-bald they alio let up • temple in the Capitol, in memonall and everl fling praife Of 
 the Roman dames, for willingly pitting with the bait from their heads, toward the mating oi 
 CDgins.that during the Gauls war, were deviled and made againlf the enemies. 
 ■ TarijHiniut SKperbus hp\\t i tefDp\e to Jupiter Sponfor, and S;>. Po,/?fcw»»/«; dedicated it. LikC- 
 ytMito Jitpiter* P//?tfrtbe old Romani coniccratcd a temple io the Lapuol, ' , Thebakitj 
 
 CHAP.Vr. 
 Ofthtjlatites which either in old time were or now remain in the Qspitot, 
 
 GF ftatuesinoldtime were fun-'ry Torts.and the fame made of divers matter: fomc of mStbici 
 fome otbraire.fome otfilver.and others oFgold. Many ot thele were fet up in tnecapitol to 
 the inamortal gods for divers caulef,ind namely ,for their benefits bcftowed upon mankind; whicU 
 a long time were honoured and worlhipped. To noble men likewileandfuchas haddcferved well 
 of the common-weal, theuluallmaner wasin old time to tct op Uatues and images in the tcm« 
 plesjto provoke others by their example to do the like. 
 
 To Jftpiterio the Capitol, S^. Carviliut evened a flatne in his temiilc,affer be had vinquillieti 
 the Samnits , taking the proportion or form thereof by the pattern oi Jupiter Latianus his image. 
 T/tfr*Jmaketh mention, that thisftatuc was fmittcn wito lightn.ng. He alio fct up another tti 
 Aundring ^«^/f»r. 
 
 The old Romans fet up in the temple of Jftp.Opt. Max. ftatasswf^ffor) at^d Faith.to clthifr of 
 ihemoM. •. v.'.a.."A ;;
 
 io8i The Topogra^hie of Kome. 
 
 * ^^ ' fa) a»'y . 
 
 For nemefistXto was to imige erefted in the Capitol, for thtt tbis goudt/Ie puniflicd proud 
 andfaitbicflc pcrfons. Shcisnimcd ^Wo RhtrntiufiaoiKhamKusimi^t: m Attica, where (he 
 was Worfliipped.-& Adrajie^oi Adraftus^-^ho wis the fitft that boilt s temple in the honor of her. 
 
 Unto Htrculei, for bij notable and famous aft', they erefted many ftataes in the Capitol: and 
 tiime\y,Vn^.SulpitiHS and Pu^.Semponmt one 5 and Q.J'^'ff -^^x. another, whichhc brought 
 from the Tarentins by him fubducd. 
 
 The images of good Evcnt,and good fortuneCthe workmanfhip both of PraxiteUsJww with- 
 in the Capitol. . 5!cmj)-.nj 
 
 The image of y^;#tf«» with a diadem, and his C*/*/*/ thirty cubits high^in the Bsaktng whereof 
 were beftowed 14c talents,L«c«//«Jttanflated out of ApeUoaia in Vemuj, into the Capitol. 
 
 An image there wasof 7<i«»i likewife in the Capitol, holding Jn his right hand the number of 
 300 and in his left of fixty five, to fignifie the daics of the yeer. 
 
 Two golden ftatucs of Ca/lar and VellitXy were by the Emperor Claudius o^ fsmous memory, 
 dedicated in ihc temple of Jupiter. 
 
 The counterfeits rctemblingthe rivers, iV»/w and T/^n'J, halfnaked, were: iJ.jp in the fore- 
 front of the tempie of Convcrlators; the one cary upon the {houlders,Spby rx- *■€ other a Tygte; 
 two wild beafts ; both ul them bold in their right hand Cstnucopta^ which fi^ -ih plenty. 
 
 Thepetlonagc ok Hercules pourtraicd naked,ctbia{lc and double gailt,wi.-' v^.ird.holding 
 in bis right band a club, and in the left the golden Apples of Hciptridcs, wasiound oeer the 
 Grcekfchoolandthcbcaamarket, in tberaicsofAr4M<i*'W<i. .. , .. 
 
 Thsre be certain portraitures alio of the Parthian tndDaciaa ""flPuteu*R§l|.i| . -din wals 
 which were taken out of the church now called 5. ^<i«a»<i. ?'^h'g^' 
 
 CHAP. VII. ,. 
 Statues of famiHi mhA noble men jet up ia^^Cdi- 
 
 U 
 
 • Cum chU„j. i-piQ Scipio thcy ercfted in the Capitol,a ftsnie * we ring $ louijK- - ■■[• and flippers or p«n^ 
 
 htniZiUr' A iofle$inregard6fhis»iaoryoverA«<o««/>fot mturlaC !, oruig worthy deeds. 
 
 "undiii^rtld To 5;tf(i there was aUo t ftaine crefted in the Capitol ji^ b>. ;t an. 
 
 taepkJij] out Fort/£»»;//«i L«;»V<(W, whcnhc was but tboy, thepeopis n - ,-- s:up a Ratue, iecaufche 
 
 oicktropo ^ had in a battel vaD<jiji(hedtheenemie,and favedaCu zc-. 
 
 K«fc/n« :figni^ jThe like honour to the teH they did to MettUusiox that fee bad pttferved out of the icmpleof 
 
 Gr«k\(h and^*/''>beingonfire,iheimageofP4fl«/. -• 
 
 Afiinhabif. They crcfted an image to Corw^/w the mother of the (?>/*fr«;v.n lecompcDceof abenefitofbers 
 
 fortheRom»afor that inagreat deartbof corn, (he fcrvcdihepiop'cai'^ rutiiiiog. aModius, Theiimatbcy 
 
 tt«ue»wcie did ,0 Trcbtus the iEdile. 
 
 2 "£«'"«? Fabius Mtxmui made for himfclf a caft or molten iowge, an i erefled it )aft by that of Het'^ 
 
 cules, . •. r , . 
 
 Unto Brutus, for delivering Kome from the tyranny of TV^* «/>/ the Romans ereAed bis i^ 
 msge in the midft of the KK. ftarues. 
 
 P»»;({(4» would not (ufl^er any image ofhistobe ereded, imiedeit wcreof molten niveto^ 
 gold, and ofa certain weight. 
 
 Tbeemperor Cc»ww»(i«/tjokofftbebeadfromthecolofsofiV«r<», Scfetupon ithisownfla- 
 tue which be bad in the Capitol. Tbis ColoiTus is to be feen btoktn as it was, in the boufes p£ 
 Coijfctvatores. 
 
 InthelaidboufesofCon(erva(ores, is extant yet the brafen portraiture ofa (he-woif, atwbo/s 
 teats, Komulus and Rewus, the firft founders of Romtt are to be feen how they hang fucking. 
 
 The imige of Romu/us aod Remus remained in the Capitol, refenabling two youths ; the onffi 
 (landing upon the teet in {ervil habit and attire: tbeother (ittinglikeaihepbeard orheardmanj 
 bending forwards with the body, plucking a thorn out of the iole of bis foot, which raockled and 
 feftered withill. 
 
 An infinic number of (latues were in the Capitol, of gods efpecially, brought from other puts 
 to Rome. For the Romans robbed the churches of forrein nations, for to enrich and adorn tbeis 
 own. 
 
 CHAP. VIII. 
 
 Of the Capitol cliffy Tarpcia rock^y thefione of Carmema, aud the gate Stcrcorarii,' ' 
 
 IN old time, they called that place and way whereby men go up to the Capitol, CUvusCapito- 
 tol$Kus '. but where that place was in times pad, fundry opjnions there be. Someafh'm that 
 it .'lay toward that part of the hill which lookethto the AveHtine, where Dow (tandcth S, Cre- 
 ^orics Church in FeUbrum : others bet ween the temples of Saiumus and Concordia^ o«er to tbe 
 arch ofStverusy and at the ftals and Handings, called Stnatoris StaiuU, Nv w the arch of Sev$rn* 
 was raifedat the foot of tbcCipitol hill, in the lery bead and top oi Forum Romavum : \iaiet 
 Which they palled, that in triumph afcended up into tbe Capitol. The Capitol cliff then, was 
 neet unto the Roman Forum .• which by tbe C«nfors was paveo with flint : who al- 
 . fp *ct up a gaUetia from the CbippcU of S»ir^r* onto the Capitol Temple dofe to the 
 
 /S4it0culg»^ 
 
 ■ \^
 
 The Tofographie o/Romc. 1083 
 
 SenMmlnm ind the C*r/4 over it. C*rM, Tteitus wrjtetb, that in former times there wtre m>ny 
 avenues tnd waies upon the Capitol «nd thereupon arofe fo many anddivers opinions concet" 
 ning the CUvut CdfitaliHUt. la the place ot the feaft Flar»liu was in old time celebrated, wherof 
 fome tokens remain at this day to be fccn. In it flood Mtlos houle, which was full of fhiclds and 
 oth'r armorj Cieera maketb report. 
 
 That place was called TArfej rock which ftandcth over the Formm RemanMm ; from whence ia 
 times paft fellonious mtlefsflors found guilty, were pitched down head-long, and wherein at 
 this day offenders are punifhed. 
 
 Carmeata (tone, rcgardeth tjbcris-, Juft over-againft the Senators bridg. 
 
 The Dung-gate called Surc»rt,rta,^ooA upon the Capitol cliff aforefaid; thither was throwti. 
 out til the fifth rid out of the temple of VtfiA, for to be caticd away and foon after to be call inte 
 the Tjhtrii, 
 
 CHAP. IX. 
 Oftdles^ fifthe hraftn ctUmns or piIlMrs,4md of the filvtr Cat ft, 
 
 IN the Capital there were t wo foi ts of tables ; the one of Piduresc wtaining the noble afls or 
 battcU, with the fiege and aiTault of Cities, exploited by valisnt martial men. For fome ot tbeni 
 were fodefirousof piaiieand.enown, that they could not be content to behold their own fla* 
 tucs ereftcd in the Capitol, unleiic their aSs were described alio and depaintcd in tables let up ia 
 publick place ; and by that means left their glory behind them, commended likewife to poUcrity. 
 Another kind there was of £ab!cs<wherein were written in the moft ancient laws, to wit, ot Ro- 
 w*.«*, Nitm-i, and the other KK.Likowifc the ftatues of the later lawgivers : the publick adts and 
 ordinances { the leagues and covenants with other nations; the facred rites and divine feivico.and 
 the ancient records and monuments, which were engraven and cut in br^fen tables : of which, 
 fome at this day .ire extant ; others by continuance ot time, by war, fire, and careleffe negligenco 
 are loft and peridied. For the keeping of thefe, there were certain perfon* appointed,that in fo fe- r 
 
 rious and important matters, there iliould be no forgery and corruption. 
 
 Pillars like wife of brlfle, were by Domiuan fet up in the Capitol ; the which, Kugnjiut the \ 
 
 conqueror of *^grph caufrd (oi many brilen beak heads of flupi molten togetber) to be made f 
 
 into touc huge columns, and btoughr them to Kcmc. SjHa likewife took out oHitpKert temple in '■':■. 
 
 Atbcpt:, certain brafai piliirs, brought them to Kemt,Sc thzte confecrated them to Ittpner m the 
 Capitol. U- 
 
 The Portraiture of a goofcitifilver, was fet up withir? the Caftle by the Remans for perpeiu- 
 all n-.cmory, becsulea gcole by gigging gave warning of the cntmies coming,to itid warders of 
 the cirtle ndthetbyfavcd the Capitol, For which Ciufegeefc a long timeafie., wercfed&kcpt ;■' 
 
 in Rome at the Cities charges. There are befides,many other antiquities within tb L ipicol,cut in ; . 
 
 tables ot btiUe and marble both, and oamely^Epitaphs, which here for brevities lake arc left out. V 
 
 CHAP.X 
 OfcertAiH tdificei aui bniUingi upoM the Capitol hill.aKd ofaiher thingiin "tntxid, 
 
 NOwtbat we have madededsration of the ftatue$,tables,and columns, worth the noting.-foma^ 
 thing by the way would be faid in the placr.as touching rhe atiU'-ri hotu'c? vh^'re. 
 The court called Cdahm Curia, B^omHlfii built the Capitol, a.id covered it Wi. h reed. Into this 
 place the Kmg- lacrificer was wont to affcmbletho Senat and people ot Rtfw#, tha: fiom him 
 they might leain and know the dales of folemngame, plaies.snd facrifices. 
 Not far from the laid Citria, was the cottage of KoimhIkj. 
 
 And almoli the lime place Rood the (lately porch or gaiisry of MiteEi$t and CtHfiautiMut.The 
 Library alio called AUjorum, built stificially upon marbles pillar ; and bdidcs the publick court- 
 yard. 
 
 There was an hallowed place lixcwifeupon the Capitol from whence they gatheredr"^r^.f«j,or 
 ficrcd herbs, to make garlands for the ixcials heralds and the ?ateri>airatKs : wherewith tbcy 
 were crowned when they purpoled either to make any accord and peace, or to proclaim war. 
 
 The flint ftone alio was here found, which they held in their band when they fvvare by Jupiiiry 
 ptonouncing thele ^Mutds. ff / madu d*fMlt with mj ^noniejg^theuiet DicipiteTcafttfjeeutofai 
 that f have \f»vi>ig tht Cttj and he c.*jHe)as I hurl from me thit Hone. 
 
 The Capitol h»d certain vaiilis likeciitcrns, into which were thrown all things over, worn 
 or fo old that they were good for nothing. The fix fteeds drawing in one team, were theretobe 
 fcen, which Cnem Cameliui (et op, the twelve gilded fl^ields like wife,made of that mony wher* 
 in the JjEdils condemned and fined the corn-mongers that hoordrd and kept in their corn. The 
 fhieldalfo*Mrfr/»«j-,(et out with the image oi Sfdruhal ^ and the column garnilhed with fhip *Tow»rd tha 
 beak-heads ofbrafTe, whereof Liz// fpeaketh, were here to be fecn. Witiiinthetempleof 7*e«»*r cndofthc »y. 
 CapitoUnut there was a ihort cloak or roamleandpurpolewollcn.ro which, of other purple gar- '^°^k. 
 ments were laid, they (hcwedtbc colour of afbes in regard otthe excellent bright v'o's and loftrc 
 that it catiedi A prelcnt this was(by repott)givjn to ^lurcUanus by i Pcrliau K. who t;.^ it from 
 the fjrtheft Indians. The lintell, cheeks and (ill otthe Capitol dorc.were i.adeailoi or ,!$. The 
 brafen tiles likewils upon the roof,^C<i;»/i»; gilded ovet uhe place whcreA^ww/s iook bis auguries 
 
 Z z z z 3 yj2i
 
 1 084"*"^ ^^^ Topogravhie o/Rome. 
 
 .« u,. the rmitol ; bat Tatius ufed rither the caflle cliff; vvbere alfo flood lomctime the houfc 
 ufcyW^'=/i«/.but liter ward.therupon was built Jhe chapptl of J««o Mo»,t^. The books alio of Si. 
 ^,/;4 were kept in the temple of y«;i/^r CapiteiP^Hs, by ten Wardens ina.toncccfier under the 
 
 was on 
 
 o 
 
 derswhiJfpcvt.A^i ^"v. V.-,.-, , - 
 
 mounted it all the device and reach ot mans Wit.But as exceLeri^aitheicthirgslatncJiUies wetCj 
 
 no^^aftbis-djy they areto6e f;cn, all naksdj forlorn, and dclohic, 
 
 C A H P. XI , , . ., .. .. . 
 Tlfeteaiph oj^Csncord, ltd ] jpi^er Viator .• mtrtfyer what the Curfs •>, 
 
 . . ■ . • .,;/!-■.'-..• •j -V 
 
 BEt wen the Op'^tol' hilt and mount p./^tAMUef elycth ^ valley^whcreof we have fpoken be- 
 ^•oie The Ttir-^'les and bmld^r-s wfcerof, is alfo' the phces behind the Capitol, by order and 
 coiaffe vvc 3;'-cnoy/todelcribe. lathis valley ttevCtoretDP.tc.npi'roJ Co«w^deferved tcbe vifi- 
 V ' firli : WHich \vbrd,'being derived (as it were)rroin the unity andagrceoient of heart, aiain- 
 tsin-th au'-m-ntetb, anc!p:cierveth alone, all things in Che world whatfocver. 
 
 A te''nple,-o thfs Cfl»c-ori,Cif«;//«/ vowcd/ia cafe he cpuld reconcile the Commons to the No- 
 bies When is theiforc the people '.verc brought into grace and favour again with the Nobility.he 
 built the church of Co«c5?i-, beginning above the CcmUinm and fo forwat J unto the Forum. The 
 porches belonging to this temple, srs yet to be Icen at the foot of the Capitol. From it there was 
 anafccntof an 100 {teps uptotbe chappelof >»<> Mff«r<j.Tbattempieof Ci>«cor^,fjln inlong 
 tim-ro decay, was afterwards by the Senat reedifisd. Therein many a time the Senatmetand 
 izi in counfelUnd orations tvire made unto the people.ln this alfo there wast vault or fhroudun- 
 C''er the "round, wherein oftentimes theeves» armed men, cutters andhackfters were kept as: la 
 
 Alio oj J ussier Ceres, and hhntrva: like wile of the Dames weeping and adoring the laid images 
 all made uf StoKcs. Moreover, the images of M^r/ and Mercurte ; the workmanfhipof Vificratei. 
 \\h cf M.4r/>.*f-bound5made by Zeuxii the painter.Likewifefatber Liber and Cafoftdra, painted 
 l^ylleodurits. As for the image of \tQorj in the potch and entrance of the laid teroplcjit is to be 
 leeri how it was (mitten vjith a thunderbolt. .,-,.. r 
 
 lo3t^v,ter'Stator Romulus ir, the Sabice War vowed a temple, that be might Ray the flight of 
 the [lowians • whereupon be was called, the upholder o^ the Reman Itate. Therefore after vitftory 
 obt lined h- built a temple at the foot of the Palaiinc hill, jultover-agamft the church of Cswcor- 
 d>a where at this day bemofthighbittlementsof wals. inthis houle alio, like as in that other of 
 Cor.cord, the Stnai alfembled ofc.Like xik in other tempies.The courts, wherein the Senat gather- 
 ed ro^cthcr ir.Coucccl, were temples all,and therein were there tc^s made .• but in the facred 
 churc'hts of the gods, neither met tne Senat, nor any orations were made to the people . This 
 temple ot.jM{9r was burnt to the ground in that fire of ATfrw miking,8nd never after reedified. 
 
 CHAP. xir. 
 
 Thetcmfle andgrov' ofWciiiithe temp.'e <y^Failh and of Romulus, 
 
 THe temple of Vfy?4 wasbui'tby ^5w«/«/,between the Capitol and the P 4/^1/ »wtf bils, not fat 
 from the Forury^ RomaKum; wbtreatthis day is to beieeR> the church of 5. M^r; of gracej. 
 Neeruntoit the palace o'tNuma was built. The Roman Pontifics, when they would conlult of 
 surest matters concerning rcligion,m£t in the court-yard of Yefta ; like as the Senat and people of 
 'Ronit, debated in councel of their weightieft affairs within the temple of Fa-.th. Now this Wis a 
 raoft ancient temple built in faUtiunth^. K«w«/a/,or,asfome will have it,byAr«w^. 
 
 There was a grove alio eonfscrsted t:;r>y?d,whicb reached from the root of the Paiatiee,is f«c 
 as toth.'largeltreet Called NovavLi. Out cf that grove ('befjre Rome was taken by the Gauls) 
 a voice was heardjgiving warning.tbit the City (bould be loU,un!efle the walsjnd gates were re- 
 
 paired. 
 
 The temple of Rcmulus was (cated st the foot of mountPalatine, in the midft of that fide which 
 re^ardeththeCapitoljin that vciy pace were now the chiirch is of S.TheodoreM this laid tempU 
 there is 2 mol^ ancient monum .m, the portraiture of the (lie wolf, ycelding her teats unto the 
 founders of the City^ to be lucked. 
 
 C H A ". Xlll, 
 Luptrcal, andthefigtree Ruminalis. 
 
 THe Lupercal was a cave at the bottom of the Palatine hill.overlpread and covered with trees 
 having fprings deep beneath under the rock. In the moft inward and fecret place of this cava 
 
 there
 
 The Topographs of Romt, 1085 
 
 there yvas »n aitafconfccrstcd to /'^«. But as touching thlctyi^^do^fii^dderi^ation otTbelnaroei ~ 
 
 as alio of the iltojtion thereof, there go divers opinions; ^or as in times pa^t the place was dole' 
 bidden and unfrequented, lo now it is inhabited on every fide ; inlbfr.uchas there remained n > 
 markand tokcnatallwhereZ,«prrc<i/ was. Hovvbeitthegrcaterpartof writers iffiroj thatit was 
 in that quarter olthe City, where at this day S. Iheodors cburch is leen. For to this place upon s 
 ».me the Tyhc overflowing, made a cree&e thither : and hsrd by it wis, wh;:rc th; c wo inbnt ; 
 were caft forth. In the Z.«/>ifrc^/ therefore, certain authors confidently sl-ouch, thit ijwh/»;and 
 RcntMs were laid to periQi, and fo carried by water to the place called afterwards Rn?»:»Mis wo e 
 under a fig-tree there, nourilhcd by a (he wolF.This wolf haunted & kept in the de.i called Lupcr- 
 cai^Uom thence ran tojthe bank fide under the fig-iree^«w/«4/« tor to the luckl- ifae uid babes 
 and (0 gave the name unto tbecave to be calltd Ltifcrcat, as it were the lutkii.g hole arid den of 
 the wolf .There be again that would have Ev4»der to give the name to the l.ime hollow cave • for 
 he, as is before declared, was delcended from hrcadia, where the people after moft ancient r.r es 
 and ceremonies, do right devoutly worlhip If an, the god of herdmen. Vnto whom alio a moun- 
 tain in Jrcadi4 to him dedicated, was called Lyc^ur, for thai he kecpcth,Au;tif .* wolves from the 
 Cbeep, and prelerveih the flocks and berds.This 'Evander therefore coming upon a time into Italy 
 and rellpg in thele parts, conlccrated both this grove and cave to P<j«, lod accor Jinp to the mtn- 
 aerofbis countrey. there honoured him. Inthefaid cave therefore reared was an" altar," and a 
 ft'oat thereupon facrificed unto him, as to the god and pteferverofthe (Ijcks .• and lecma that 
 be chafed wolves from them.thertoro the place wherein he was worlTiipped took the namt*Z.»' i 
 
 fenal. * J^'i'fi litph 
 
 Now the feall Lupercalia was by Romfdu) and Kcmtts inftimt ed. For they hivin? obtained of *'"'"■ 
 Numiior a plot of ground to build them aCity on,in that very place where they had bcenc a forth 
 called all theiiLCompanions to a feaft and merry meeting : where, after they had killed tscr'ticer* 
 and rcfrefliedthemlelves with meat, and withall taken their wine liberally to the full theJ 
 grew to difport, and in tbs merry fit clad themfelves in the skins of the goais which f fe^-y had iL 
 crificcd, and then fell to hopping and dancing full jocundiy.Hereupon their polterity cdebratm" 
 the memoriall thereof, h,eld a feltivall folemnuy called Lw/xt-^.j/m, which retained the name ot 
 the place where titft they began.Hereof fee more inf^Min^, "^UxtmnsServius u PlHt^rcb\r\ the 
 lifeof A*»««'»^. Asforthetig-tree Humtnalis, it was lonamed of the river Tv^^-^-, called at the 
 ^*/wo/i.Some would have it take the name of ^(7«9«/«/.Othcrs of the milk given to the laid infan's 
 for that part oftbe throat which draweth milkircalled /Jww.iin Latincs.Ihisp.ace was ovtra- 
 ^aina the houle of the two lordsO/««; and Damianm, on the fide of to^ nionnt Palatme.opnofit 
 againft the fhew-place,called CircusMaximnsJiomH/astnd Remus thus hid forth about Lwofrc^/ 
 andcaried by the water to this place.werefoftered/or a while uadtr the ngtree RumtKatts \nthl 
 place where the Comitinm after was. The tokens of this tree remainethunto the time of A»'r»/?«c 
 O/jr, as Of /<i teftifietb. i j'"^ 
 
 CHAP. XIIII. 
 0/ the zer» wa;, thefireets Jngarius and Tufctms, 
 
 THe flteet called the new way over agiinft the temple oijupiter Stater. ^ocih slong the valW 
 between the Capitol hill and the Palatine,and reachctb to the F^rHmRomanum. This howfo 
 ever it be called new, was vyell known to be moft ancient, and is diflercnt tiom tb'it which C«- 
 r4ir<»//«» repaired under bis bains. ' 
 
 Theareety«f<jr/«^, otherwife called rW^ria;. leadeth from the gate C4rww<i/« along the 
 foot of ibe Capitol hil, tothc Forum Rom.mum, In it w. sthe altar of Jam y«^«,wbo was thousht 
 to make marriages, and to couple folk in matrimonies, and (he it was that gave the name to K*! 
 CHS Jugarius' 
 
 Vtcns ThufcHs bcginneth at the Forttm, and along the foot of the Palatine fliewcth the wsv fo 
 \eUbtum.'\ht realon of the name was this.TheTufcins upon a time fighting agiinll theAriclans 
 were by them overcome ; and after many thoufinds of them Hain in battel, k he reft being few iti 
 number fled to Kome : who talking delight in the pleafant feat of the City, &; the commodioulnefs 
 of the place, determined there to remain. Whereupon having a plot of foury?.;^^ granted thetn 
 by the Scnat, between the Capitol and Palatine,they inhabited the fame. Hcrupon the (freer was 
 called by them Thujcns Yicus, & many a i oo yeer after retained that nimc.In it afterwards there 
 kept bawds and fuch kindofpeoplc, whereupon it grew out of credir, and loft aUo the firll name 
 
 CHAP. XV, 
 The /irc£*/ff/'Romulus,t/;tfScnaculum, W the drvtUinghcufeofQsM^ 
 
 THc old arches Cwhich fomc think 71 <>»»«/*/ eretSed jcontinued a long time built of brick nei= 
 ther would the Romans luflFer that any man (hould make them of marble : to the end tha't the 
 memorial of their City founder, Hionld remain more firmly in the minds of men. But in continu- 
 ince of time long after, tbcy decaied and fell down, in that very place where now is thcchurclB 
 ofSaiot \Aarj oiGrdce, and were never afterwards rcedified.Thc Romans named that place Sc 
 macHlttnji between tbe Capitol and the Forum^ wherein the Scnat kept a confiilory for couoftW 
 tod confaition. 
 
 tfi^C
 
 io86 *^be Topogra^hie o/Rome. 
 
 Tbtt OviJr mMfion houfe ftood under the Capiiol, himfeU witoeffctb, evea whete as now tbe 
 
 CbarchiS of S.MitrrjolConfolatiem. . v. 
 
 Thus much of the buildings ot the Cipitol md tbe viUey to it. Now foltoweth tbe noqne Pa^ 
 Utine. 
 
 A3 
 i 
 
 The third Boo}\, 
 
 GAAP. I. ;] 
 
 Tbt divert etymologies ofTtdatinf. 
 
 Lbeit the bill Palatine were along time inhibited before the City waibuilr,and namely* 
 firft fay VAkntia the daughter of Italttj; then by Ev/vider, who iKo therein fct up a caftle: 
 whom there fucceeded after the City was founded, KK. and Emperors ; in(oinuchas 
 icarcely any one place of Rome is more renowned by writiog, then this hil; yet the ccr- 
 tein reafon of the name why it (hould be fo called, and which a man may be bold to follow, caa 
 hardly be fet down. Some would have it (o called, becaufe the Arcadians wandring v/ithEva/ider 
 diforderly, and the Palatines oat oftheRhettiKe territory (called likcwife Paiititimjctmc to that 
 mount and :t inhabited [•• others of P^j/ftthe gre-it grandfather of £v(j»<^fr. Z-iw/ thought, that of 
 talanUHm a City of >4rc<«iM, it was (itlt called P*/<j«»«w, and afterward Palatine.Therc arc bc- 
 Cdes, whoofPj/zi^Mthc wifcofL<ir/*«», fetch tbe original of the denomination ; or oi PaUtho, 
 the daughter of Hjperl>orem, who bare Latinns unto Nercnlef, and inhabited this mountain t or 
 of PaUntit the daughter oiEvxnder^ whochcre was buried: ot of PoIm, who wai himlclt in- 
 terred in it. Some there was alfo, of the bleating of {h;ep>which pafturcd there in limes paft, be- 
 fore the hill was by menfreqaer.tcd and peopled ,imagine it was lb named.-or elfa becaufe flocki 
 were wont there palare, that is, to wander and gcafe up and down. And hereupon it is, that N'a- 
 viHs called it Bdantitim, of liJatHs ; or ^oUntimm of * paUrt.TremeOiut calkjlb it the mount Rm- 
 **"*!■'• ''• wHleBs, ot Romulus bis image, found at tbc very fboi of the laid bill. This may lufrice of tbe deri- 
 **" vationofthc Dime. * 
 
 CHAP. ir. 
 
 The temph tf/Viftcry, Ceres, Juno Sofpita, snd the mother of the god* : tht ttmfle of 
 Liberty and theporeh thetetf,4t alf* the houfe «/Cafsius. 
 
 NO w that we have declared the reafon of the name of Palatium ; we will go forwird to (htvt 
 the temples and hoafes of tbe moantain, like as we have done io the defcripiioa of the Ca- 
 p.tclbill. 
 
 When the Romans had performed fortunatly many martiall exploits, and oftentimes retutnci 
 with vidorie over their enctnieS) becauie they would not be found untbankfiili to the gods,unto 
 whom they werebeholden for their happy atchievements, and thereby afterwards miffeoftho 
 like fortanat fucceffe ; they confecrated unto tbe goddefle VtHory a temple in that pan of t ha Pa- 
 latine, which looketh toward the hortyards and gardens of ManaNo^a in the very bottom of tbt 
 defcent, hard at the gate Romam, L. Poflhumiutva ^Gdile Curule took order (or tbe building 
 thereof, out of certain mony railed by fines and penahies ; and when it is fini(bed,be dedicatol 
 it to the goddellc FtSloria. 
 
 Neet thereto there Wis a chappcl, confecrated to Villerij, which Ctd.Poreius Cato vowed, 
 
 Bciides in the iaaii place was the temple of Juno Sofpita. 
 
 Tbc Atca-iiafls, which with Evandtr came to the Palatine hill, built a temple alfo in Palatium 
 to fiElory, hm as different from this above-aamed, as far more ancient and to tbo bonot of that 
 goddeflc, loimnizcd yecrly facrifices. 
 
 They built a temple alfo to Cfr« in the Palatine. 
 
 Ill the fatall book of 5>^/Zf;< there was- a propoelie found, That the forrein enemy andftrangi 
 born (hduld be cbtfed oat of {/m//, in cafe the mother of the gods might be brought to 
 Rtmt from Veffinitt, Now a Rone it was, which the inhabitants of that countrey fo called. Sene 
 therefore were Embjfl. into-^y?-* as far as to ?ejfinus i town af Pbrjii* .• who brought with them 
 that Great mother of the gods in Iialj. Then P. Cormliut caried it from the lea into the Palatine, 
 and bellowed it into tbe tcmp!(» of ^«3»r^.antil fuch time as one was built of purpofe for hcr.Af- 
 tetwards.^.I.<t''«;and C.Claudmt the Cen(ors,took order for a temple to be made to this greaj 
 mother of the god£,Sc the lame fet out with ftatues.pillars and pavement of divers ftooes of great 
 price. And Juniut Brutus dedicated it. The piaies alfo and games called MegA/ejTsyV/betofOeer^ 
 fpcaketbjwete firft inlfituted at the dedication thereof. 
 
 Unto Libert;, P. clodius built a tcmplo andftatcly gaUcryjin pat of {ajfus bii houfe, neectba 
 templfot Jupiter Stater, 
 
 chap,i/i.
 
 ^TheTopogrjpbie ofKome. j^gy 
 
 CHAP. III. 
 
 ■ Of the Chaff ^''li 4tid altar * Fcbrii^^e temple ofLtres: the chaf feUfthe *" The fever; 
 
 ^»'</^r/f Virjplici,</F«ith, 4*^ Jupiter Viflor. 
 
 Not to thofe gods only ihtt did good to miokind the Rominis confccritcd temples.but dedi. 
 cited chappels to tbofc tUo ttiit did thetn Hurt; to the end.thit they (bould do leii barm «nd 
 puDithtbcmmoregently.Forcertcin it is.tbatoQ the bill Palatine there wisatctapla &iitarboth 
 confectitedtothc Fever: likevviieto A1rw<yi:fthegoddc(l"e of vcjagcancejwheiof before inthe 
 Iccond book. 
 
 Befides^they crcfteda chippelof theZ.<i/-r/intliePalitine. 
 
 In like miner, there was a chippel in the Palatine, conlecrated to the godd'Sffc * FiripUva • « xj / 
 . into which, if man and wife came together, although ch:y dilagrced and were Villn oat before/ uni.k'c'^but 
 ' ' ihcy returned home agam good friends from thence, and all was well. itmewhat. 
 
 Aher thate/4;«if<»i with his fon Afcanrnt and daughter ^o«»<«came into /^<f/f,i!fiey reared a tern- '""^' '»'"', ■>• 
 pic to FMib, in Palatine: they which was dedicated notwithllanding in the naitieohbedau^hter '*''" ^■'^"'"k-; 
 and the fame wis written in the forefront of the temple •• and therefore many yccrs after, wheti '"' °* ^*''^'' 
 Romulus and RemHs[Uo\t who fhould give name to the City,the Senat and pe Oplc of Rome read- 
 ding the name ofit«*4J his daughter in the frontifpiccotthelaid teDiple5re(olvedtonimt the Ci- 
 ty after her, Ronti*. 
 
 i^.f4^««jintheSabin war, vowed a temple to J«;»r<rr cocqUf;ror: and afierwards built it cij 
 be Palatme hill, m \ there dedicated it. 
 t 
 
 CHAP. iiir. 
 
 The temples o^Heliogabilus, Apollo and the Penates : the hauft «/Orcu$; the]pl4ce l 
 
 cffhe P ailadiutn cr ima^c ^/Minetvaj And the temple »/AuguIt uj, ' 
 
 or- 
 
 ANionms Uelfo^ol>alHS confecrated a god in the mount Palatine, which he called Heli(iga(>4^ 
 /w/.and built a icroplt in t he placejWherc before Rood that of Orcntoi Pluto But to win cre- 
 dit and name to this new and counterfeit god with great reverence ai.d wotfliipj he endeavou- 
 red lo tranflate into this jemple of his, *thcficrcd cup oft hat s;rcat mother onhc gods, the fire ^^ nqfhum'ut 
 oirafJA, the image of Mt>ierv;t, called FalUdmrn^^ the heave 1/ Icutcheons, and all things ellg fither lyflu^ 
 which the Rom. honoured aoove thj reft. Toe Curi;tian and Jcw.lli religijn al:< he mere eoun- '• thefigwrs,- . 
 ■tcrfeited, to theend, that no man in the religiouiS woifhip of that temple and god might allcdg 
 any pretence why he fliould not with good conlcience lo do. 
 
 Moreover, inthc Palatine, there was built a mofl ancient temple of Apollo This chuiced to be 
 overthrown by thunder and lightning ; and when ttis ?oothfaier.g»vc ouf,.ti-ttn. ^odmifled 
 it Sc required another, ^«<g«fl*/C</rfr adjoined a porch to the ruin:, thereof and re^vinrd he tem- 
 ple anew that there ftood: wherein bimtcif,wh.n he grew aged.many aMmeiat incouPcri with 
 .iheScnat,and empanelled the decurics of judges. In it like wile were pendant caDa)clticks,bran- 
 'Ched witharms like trees, whetconthc approved poets uefto wed their writing-.. Cerrain marks 
 and tokens of this temple are to be ft;en(although oblcurely )neer to toe vinev a'o o. Feura^MRaxQ 
 the houfc of Ti*fr««i ftood. Unto him wereinltituted the Apollina'cgameswhtrofi cad (f/wro. 
 
 The temple of the City-proteftors, called Pf»4rf/, floodiotbat part of tbt Palatine ^bicli 
 looketh into the North, even to VcUm not far from the Forum. Id it were the images of the Tro- 
 jan gods, in the fame are portraicd twoyong men tting togctber.and holding a bal. m their hand. 
 In like maner,thc crooked auguts ftavc$ca!!ed LnHi,.f too and brafle.Behdcs, an earthen Trojan 
 veflcl of potters work. y^poUo alio and Nepmoe were tdcreto belecn. 
 
 Wbcnthetempleof r<r/?4 wasonaligDt ourning fit e,i he image of P.i//<j.» being faved out there- 
 of, was tranfl .ted into ^ir/Mj and gave the name unto temple o: P/«/<ic4,now S. Andrews churcbj 
 landing in the lame place. 
 
 Some report, that there W>s • temple built in Palatmm to hugujius Cafar of famous memory 
 ^ bv bis daughter Uvia. 
 ••^ CHAP. V. 
 
 The faUtint houfes^ And the court »fthe S alii. 
 
 "''TPHat Rtmnlut and Kemui bcinc; fhepherds abode fome time in thefe parts,tbe (heds and coC- 
 *" A tages.which long time afier were touad bercmide of flight wood &reed,doteIhHe.- whicb 
 "asany of them in continuance of time decaicd and fell dow i, the fhepherds repaired withtbc 
 likemattcr to their ancient toim. mat tbe pet pctuall memorial of Rsm.*/*/ and R(r>w»/ the City 
 touBders, what kind ot palons c"-ey werc.and what miner of houfcs tticy lived in, might be de- 
 livered to pofterity. In that cornet of the P latme hill, which leadet!i unto the gr«nd cirque or 
 (hew-place.there IKoi (many at,cijthc cottage which they called CajA Romuh^ 
 
 IhUus HglliliMs ofitoi '. he buiu nis court d welt upon WM,in that very place were aftctvvards 
 <he chappeluf the PfW'V^r tl.;i d- 
 Not far from thence, even iit ih« part of the Palatine which regirdeth cbe Fertips^ Catiline{by 
 ■^fport)had his boufe built. More-
 
 io88 '/ loe J opograj^hie of Rome. 
 
 f Moreover, between M. Scaur us his houfe and Canlinst there was but a fmall fiep over. 
 Cicero's houle puKhaled oUragus.viss m the moft trequent and confpicuoos place of themount 
 Valatiite, above the Church of Jwp. Stator, neer the PjMium. 
 
 Vliyiy teftifieth, how the houfes of Crajfus the Orator, and ViterhitiS^ in the ?a/atwm^ were in 
 old time overturned. _ .... ,_ 
 
 One Captain Fi?/(«likevviie bad an houfe in the P<j/4f/»w."" 
 
 Alfo 7^//'er;?//, whereof we have written in the former chapter. 
 
 yifijrnjias (born in the region about PalAttt'.m^\n a place called Ca-pitA huhtildj i. theoxt heads; 
 and vvhere after his death, they crefted a chappel unto him) dwelt hrfi neer the Roman Foruni 
 above the round (hirs called Scula aK»ularia,\n the houfe fometirne of Cuivus the Orator. After- 
 ward^ hebuilttheftately Palatineathisowncharges and gave it to the City, and himfelVdweJc 
 on the Paiine hill in the fmali houfe ot//o)-fe«/;«j-. _ '! ^ 
 
 The Guild, or religious court of the 5^///, built in the mount Palatine, chanced to be burnt' 
 and in the allies thereof, the Haftof /Joww/^/ called Z-/>«;//was found, without any hurt. 
 
 PM-'Z/rc/.^ dwelt in an houfeftanding over the f9r«»*, which was ca lied 5«i5z-,A^. 
 
 That the dwelling houfe oiTarqumms Pn/rw was neer unto the TempleofJ^rp,^^^,^^ ^ 
 foon be proved o\xx.o{ Livy. 
 
 CHAP. VT. 
 
 Of the top #/ Velia j tljejlatues in Palatine^ and other things in general 
 
 T He pitch of the hill called SurKmaVeliaiYiis in that higher partofP^y/^/ww, which looketh 
 into theSonth-ead; whereas now is the Temple of >Air; the new. Called ^^//^ it was be- 
 caufe in old time before the device oi fhearing (beep the fbepherds were there wont to pluck the 
 wool! from the fhcepsback. 
 
 Aiigf.flusktv'f aLibrary of Latineand Greek books in Palatine,and adorned it with the mo- 
 ney railed o'"the mod excelitJnt brafs ofthat hngecoloflus of Tuican KpolU. Htadjoyned thereto 
 a porch or gallery, which they nllcd FJuti m. 
 
 In it was ercdled by the Senat, a ftatne unto 7V«wfrw««'jtheEmperor,and a finoular oratoxv' 
 In thefjme porch, the Romans alfo fet up a (htueunco -,^.r/:/rro,whiJes he lived. 
 
 The K'fg-ratorifim, which was a place where t hey ufed to rake auguries, was upon mount Pa 
 htine. ^pi!l:> PaUtinasYiV.c.mk) the workmanfliip of bco;?<j^, was'in Prt/^/;»«;. i^tonaimh^ 
 iivni was placed. 
 
 TitHi the Emperor fet up a golden flatue in Palatine to Brit amicus. 
 
 M reovtr, the tree which grew onr of ^o»^?'/«^J his fpear was in the P<«/i//>w. Forhe afterhe 
 baa taken his auguries in the mount Kvfntine, lanced his tpear fronl him into the PalatinejWhich 
 kicking in the earth, budded forth leaves and grew to be a tree. 
 
 Likewif'.- the bay tree, which the fame day that Kugf^as was born, fprung with him and fud* 
 c'a niy nppeired wasinP/!/<if.«w. Of this laureltree, they that afterwards triumphed,were wont 
 to >vear their wreathed garland"?. 
 
 The Palatine bains, whereof Cicero maketh mention in his Oration for Rofci'fSf were in the 
 Cime P / tv'm ; and of them there remain yet fome tokens, above the Circus max. not far from 
 c'le \ inevard f^( Fcdra. 
 
 Jn the fame mountain alfo there was a place called Srd/ia, and lup'nerspiilor. 
 
 The mnlUieamifnldreets called A 5fo«/^;?<e, paved with Lacedemonian and Porphyretftones 
 were in falit h^,. The (Ireets alfo of P^'das,and Fort^na re(picieyts,vitxt to be feenin Palatine And 
 there were the games and paflimes celebrated^ which they call Valmud, 
 
 CHAP. VII. 
 The Palatium notv called the Gre iter : the cotirfyard rfthe Palatium / and the old ' 
 
 £:ite of the very Palatium it fclf. 
 
 HO w great a c6mpafs the Palathm took Up in old time how gorgeoufly it was bujlt hov\^ 
 rich, how frequent and full of hon4es-, the huge ruins the piftures, ltatues,and moft precious 
 pillars there toiind,do eafily declare. For no man ever hath left in writing, who firft built lo •'teat 
 and (lately edifices; who afterwards enlarged the fame. and infocnnfpicuousa pjaceerefted tliofe 
 houfes. By little & little it grew to fo great an height, asiuli writers niouldbejonorint of thofe 
 antiquities: neither was any thing at one time done at once, whirh feemed worth the memorial 
 For-Hillonographers are wont to deliver unto poflerity thofe things only which are rare and wor- 
 thy of admiration. Themount Talatine at this day is called PJattun, ma;tu, and fettin" afide the 
 Church of Saint K,drevf>,hiih fcarce two homes inhabited. The reft being either replenished with 
 vines or fit tor pafture, yeeldcth grafs and food,for flieep caples,ind goats. So as it feemeth it mav 
 beciiled L.i/.tmt.m ofthe bleating that flieep make, rather than i'4^i;?r/«w. ' 
 
 _ T-.is Pr./ati'<m had alfo a place therein called Afr/«;«,built in njd time aud hallowed by Au^urv 
 in It the Senat fate in councel, becaufe they night nocaffemble in any place unauourate or unhil- 
 lowed. Therein alfo rams werefacrificed. ° ■ 
 
 The old -ate of the P.U,h„,w,s neer the Roflr., over-gainft S.Laure„„ church in Mir4»da ' 
 some would have this to be called the gate of Romtf/^s^in old time, CHAP 
 
 i 
 
 1
 
 The Topografbie o/Rome. 
 
 CHAP. VIII. 
 The Temfhs »/ Janus, Auguftus) <i«</Faufiina. 
 
 AFter the defcription of the Temples and edifices of P.iLuihk the third part of the city, now 
 foliovveth a fourth : namely,the Roman For»m, Therein is the moll ftately Temple oil.msy 
 (for me thinks wedo well to begin at /<«/»/, who is counted the dore and entrance as it were of 
 all thirgs) having four gates. For lanns himfelf, who was therein vvorfliippedjhad four facesjand 
 from Falijci icii^ in Tufcany ioiced by the Romans;, he wastranflatedto^owr into thefer^w, 
 named after Tr an/it or iptm. His Temple was built in that part of the faid For.-m which looked to- 
 ward theRomanForz/OT. Procepius diiby that inhisdaies it was built in themidstf the/o'«w» 
 cver-againll the Capitol, a little above the place whi^h the Romans called. The three DeRinies. 
 Other Temples there were belides ot/^«. .(,andnamely,in the Capitol neertbe theatre of M rcd- 
 lus^wkh two fronts all otbrafs,and had two brafendurv:;,whi.hin time of peace werefhut;and 
 againrt war, were fet open. 
 
 The temple oi A.-igj.fius was builded in the Roman Fomm, This was bec^up in the time of T*/- 
 birtfts the Emperor, but lett unperfc6>. Cul!g::Li finifhed it. Above it, he made a bridge which 
 joyned the Capitol and Palatine together. 
 
 There remain yet to be feen certain monuments and marks of the temple of FaHflina,. Hadria- 
 n-.is the Emperor her husband founded it at tiiefoot ofthe Pdiatme hiil( where thebrafenima^e 
 of a bul. Ihndeth) for her fake that fhe might be honoured as a goddefs. 7 he fame his fon Anto- 
 tttKs FT /iQ^a') -i !s zherwiid; would have tobe a temple for himfelf, or lupiter SyriHs.ox elfe the 
 Sun. At this day it is the church oiS. Laurence in Mira>'d.i. 
 
 CHAP. IX. 
 The Temple of Cillol andPollMii andtheKoRti, 
 
 jVTO man doubteth but that the temp'e o^Caflor and PoUxx was fomtims in the Roman Forttnt 
 before the RoflrAy neer to that abovtfaid of F^flma. This facred houfe yl. Pofihttmitu tht 
 Dictator dedicated : and L. Metellns afterwards repaired and beautified ir, with the Dalmatian 
 fpoil'. In it, as in many othcr.theSenat ufed to fitincouncel, and therein were publi.k Orations 
 made to the people. C. Maelt s adorned the fame with ftatue-, pillars, and excellent painting : 
 wherein alfo he fet up the portaiture and refemblance of Flora, a piflure of angular beauty. A 
 table befide';, which contains the records and monuments touching the free burgeoflie granted to 
 the horfemenofC/?;i.'.'4. Thefleps and greeces going up to this lempie.C/o^^wj afterwards plucked 
 up; as witneffeth C/cfro. 
 
 There was a temple or confecrate place called Roflra^ at the foot of the hill PMatH/^m, over- 
 againft that before-named of Cafior and Poll:iX: whereas now is the little chappel of S. Maryde 
 Inf. mo. From thefe Roflra.^ were the fentences and afts ofthe Senatjbroughc and propoundccl to 
 the people. 
 
 CHAP. X, 
 The Temple of Cifar, Venus Genitrix, <tWMars revenger ■ and the court e/Venus, 
 
 r^ty^far of famous memory had a temple neer his own Forum^ at the brosd-ftreet called Sacra, 
 behind the temple ofFan/lina. In it were fet up as Saints, F}i7or; and Cajlor, 
 In the fame C<</«r/ For«»>, there ftood a chappel off^<r>;«;Gf».fr;.v, behind the faid temple of 
 FA'ftina. This, C^ef^r vowed in the Pharfalian war, and dedicated it. After vi^ory inthe wara- 
 oainft Powff/jCe/^renclofed the temple of the faid ;^«'»«i,within a court-yard and a cloifler, which 
 H.idrian afterwards repaired and built new. 
 
 ^.•.-j7//y?«jrd;pr in the battel of ?/)(/«;)/;;, vowed a temple to M^rs the avenger, which after- 
 wards he edified in his own Far«/», wherein were certain iron pots dedicated to \\art : and|two 
 ihtues, bearing up the tabernacle of ^/fAM«^trihe Great. This is thought to be at this day the 
 church of Saint Mdrr/«(«. 
 
 CHAP. xr. 
 
 The Templet of Vtikin^Concoid J Peace, Romulus, <jr<i Venus Cloacina. 
 
 THe temple o^Vrlca»^RnT>it!las founded , above the Comitium and Fomm Romnifm,it the bot^ 
 tom of the Palatine hill : but /<?f/«/dedicated the temple of ^ /r.iw, as alfo ofthe Sun and 
 Moon, n^S.mrrn, Rhea^Vcjla-, Diana, and Quj-hnn. In the temple o\V lean there was dedi'"ated 
 untoT/r/tw rbe brafen chariot of /Jo»;«/k;. wherein he rode in triumph a fecond time. Therein 
 rtm lined alfo the ftaiue of Cor/^i there crefted. Many a time were Orations made to the people 
 in this time. 
 
 In the yard belonging to Fnlcam icmfle-Fulvins, the fou of a Libertine or cnfranchifed citizen, 
 50:? ye^r<: after the building of thecapitoljvowed the temple of Cowar^'ji! he could reconcile the 
 States of Senators and Gentlemen to the people. A'terwards he built it of the amercements and 
 pen allies that he took of UUirers condemned, at the foot ofthe mount Palatine. Opjw/w/thc 
 
 Confal
 
 loQ o The Tofograpbie o/Rome. 
 
 Conful afterwards repaired it anew. In ic, Piiny teftifieth that an altar ran blood for two daies. 
 
 Livia Dr'JiHa in her open gallery , erefted a chappcl oi Concord, in regard of the mutual and lo- 
 vin" aTeement between her husband and her: which afterwards Tiberius dedicated. 
 
 fn That place where DrufiUafw'^ founded the faid thappel oiCoMcordJC^efpmfiMt afterwards with 
 wonderful celerity and fpeed , (after the civil wars ended) finifhedtheTempIe-of Puf^rir, begun 
 before by CUudtan. A large building this was and four fquare, fet out with moft ftately and fait 
 columns, and of all other Temples the richeft. In ic FejpafiA>7 beftowed the holy veflels and pre- 
 lious ornaments of the Temple in HierufaUm^yi^xda T.had (hewed in triumph. It had alfo the 
 ftatue ofGanyn-edeSy and an infinite number of other ornaments wherewith it was decked and 
 beautified. This Temple caught a fire, and at once fuddainly was confumcd whole ; and never was 
 it known to this day how this fire came ; unlefs it were (as fome imagine) by rcafon of an earth- 
 quake which hapned the fame hour, the ftones rubbed together and ftruck fire. 
 
 An altar of Peace was by Au^uflus firft reared ; but in what place, the pofterity knowcth not. 
 The fame,^fr/;)/)^ afterwards enlarged and adorned. Between the Temple of ??»?« and F<?«/?/»<», 
 there is at this day a moft ancient Temple, and two pillars of the porch to it, which now is de- 
 dicated to the two brethren Saint dfmes and Damians. Some think it was the Temple of Romu- 
 t s and Remus, the fame that C^j-Wm; the Conful, after he had fubdued the Samnits, dedicated, 
 and of the infinit mafs of fpoils adorned it. 
 
 That »he Temple ofrM//j-0<';rc/>4(loodneer the broad fireet ^.icWjOwiti teftifieth. Now the 
 image ofthisC/o^c/W was found in a privy or draught, called Maximn^znd 7V'».v/confecratedic. 
 And becaiife it was not known whoferefemblance it wa?, it took thenameof the place wherein it 
 was found. 
 
 CHAF. XII. 
 
 The Temples of TeMvsi SaIUs,Viftoria, ihi Suyia dMooa^thi 
 hodfe c/CafiTiUS, and the hrwerj. 
 
 \^ Here the Temple of Tri?*// flood, fome fay itis uncertain ; others think it was not far from 
 the £/g«./<«,neer the riling of the hill that leadeth to S.VetersCantc\i inf^/»c«/*f,whereas 
 BOW ftandcth the Temple o'tVantaU^n. Scrnpronius vowed it : for whiles he fought a battail with 
 his encmy','ac Afc:dum the head Town of the Picencins, the earth quaked : and becaufe he would 
 pacify th1:goddefsTe'///.';(i. the earth) which he thought was angry, he vowed this Temple unto 
 her. pflllt it was in the fame plot of void ground,vvhere the houfe oiSpttrins ^ajfius (who fought 
 to I^lTcing) was overthrown, Neer unto this Temple of 7>//«/jthere was an Armory ; where of 
 C0,ro^\['o maketh mention in a certain place. Within the faid compifs, C. Jufiius Bil>acuhs the 
 iConfnl, vowedachappeltothegoddefs S<i/ij-, in the timeof the Samnits war. The fame was by 
 liim put forth to building when he was Cenfor, and dedicated by himDiftator. 
 
 L. l^Jrimmus an ^dile, caufed the Temple of ^/i^or/rfneer theRoman Fornm to be made, of 
 the petialties and fines taken. 
 
 In this place alfo was the altar of ^/^a^^. 
 
 Some would have, that theTemples o( Concord iod JEfcuLipiuS) were neer the Amphitheaire,in 
 the place where the gardens be oi S.Mary the new. 
 
 The Temple of Mercury alfo was in the Fortim. 
 
 The Temples likewife of Ij]s and ^erapis were in the BurflTe called Emforittm. And fome thinjc, 
 that ihefe were the Chappels of the Sun and Moon, dedicated by Tatms. 
 
 CHAP. XII [. 
 
 The Forum c/Trajanus : the things now therein.^ or that have bein htretofore, 
 
 1'HnsmuchofTempleS) of holy and religious places, which feemed worth the noting, hath 
 been briefly written. Now from henceforward we will fpeak of thofe things, whicb{hall 
 concern the honoiir and memorial of mortal men, and firft begin we will with that excellent 
 Prince Tr^/^Kw/. 
 
 Forurtt T'r.?/^^/ was built (with wonderful Art andinduRry of man)by^;)»//£)</iPr«/, between 
 the ftf wwof )Vi'r'zvi.theCapitolhiII,andthe mount Qiiirina!. Thefame workman built alfo(ac 
 thccommandii ent oiTraja>]Us)Metode;imsndG)rm>t4^»rn. The roof of that f o?-;<w or Hall was of 
 brafs, within round about in every place the forms and images of horfes, and military enfigns all 
 guilt. Now were ihefe forefaid images ere£led there at the cities charges in memorial of them 
 that had deferved well of thecommon-weal, or otherwife of fome notable aft. 
 ' The triumphant arch in like manner with many other monuments reared to the praife of 7r4- 
 ja»uS', adorned this Forum or hall of his. 
 
 ■/he porch of this Forum, built upon moft mighty and.high pillars,and refting upon large cha- 
 piters, ycelded fo great admiration to the beholders, that they feemed rather the works of gyants 
 thanmen. Into this, J lexander Scverm in the honor of 7r<i/4«W;tranflated moft bcautifnl ftatUCS 
 offingularmen. 
 
 Trajans horfe in like manner flood in the mids, bearing upon high columns. 
 
 In a coin alfo there is found the image of rr>»;4«, with this infcription ; S, P. QiR, Opi0» 
 
 Vrin'
 
 The TofGgrafhy of R omco 5 c'n i 
 
 frittcipif The Senat andthepetpleof Rome tc the iffi Prince. Buc heteoi Lampr/d:us wtkcih 
 much. 
 
 Hellkewife is reported to have adorned the palace, made of fnndry marbleSjWith pidures and 
 fUiaes within. 
 Jn the midd ofrfhe F(?r«w,therc flood the column of rr.j/<i«, built with winding (lairs.This had 
 roundabout it the fummary of the ads of Trttj.tn engraven and chafed mod ciinnin;.;ly;!)iit above 
 alliheDakes war: within there be 185 Heps up to the top ; and it hath 40 Httle tvindows toltc 
 in light iiDto them that Hialigo up : 120 foot high it was, or('as£«rro;);«^ writethj 140. Inthe 
 louver Of lantern thereot were the bones of rr/!/<j« kept within a golden b:ll. fliis pillar, 7rrf;.i>, 
 himfclfnever fa w: for whiles he warred againrt the Parthians-the Senat dedicated it nnto him in 
 his abfencc. But he inlfisreturnfromthePerhanSjdied in the way at 5f/t','<r/.(,a City in5vr,v? of 
 aflixofbiood.Hisdeadcorpswas brought to ^owe: and of all the tmperorj,heaione^as Entro- 
 pitu wtiteth) was interred within the City. The reafon why his bones are left in that Colnmn is • 
 this : The manner in old time was, for Princes and Noblemen to be buried under liills: but there 
 being not mountains enough whereupon toraifefepulchresinevery plaiC) it hapncd thacluch , 
 fteeples and high pillars were let over tlieir dead bodies inllead thereof. 
 
 CHAP. XIV. 
 TJ)e Forum? the PAlace-^aidpnch of Nerva. 
 
 NExt to our fight cometh the Forum of Nerva^iVid it is behind the Church oiS.Uadri.uijnihc 
 midll of it there Hood aColumnofbrafsofan huge bignei's ; covered with plate oflatten or 
 copper,andhath within ic,lighte very way.This Forum wasgarniflied with divers Hatues and Cc- 
 lumnj.containingthe whole order of the acts of MTi/.r.This was a tter ward » called Fontm Tmn- 
 [itortHm^ot. th»t from it there was the way to the Forum of Augttftus and the Roman, 
 
 There appeareth as yet fome part o( the Porch or gallery belonging to the Forum : for being 
 confumed by fire,yet it left certain obfcure tokens, witneffing, rhat in the fame plate was the Fo-. 
 rum of Nerva. 
 
 Part alfo of the Palace of iV.ri'.t, built of 4 fquareftones and pillars, topcthcr with the ChuriK 
 of S, Bl.'f.'jiic yet feen enclofed between the Cemitium and the tower o( Mi/ma. 
 
 CHAP. XV. 
 The Raman IrOtum the Com'iuamj he pnfon J aWhnvtm, and the /mars e/Mirforius. 
 
 '"T^He Roman f or«w,which alfo is called Latinum-, began at the foot of the Capitoll. and rca- 
 X chedin length to the Church now ofS. Maryiht nevv,v\hichisin l^elia. But at the firlf the 
 circuit and bounds thereof were much narrower.Forlrom the head thereof abovenamed,it went 
 no farther than the neareft foot of the mount Pal.itine, Many a ytar aiicr^Au^uJius Cafir enlar- 
 ged it. 
 
 The Comitium joyned to the F(?r«w,or rather it was a part thereof : for itbeginneth at the gate 
 of /'«i/.«f/«w,andendethat the Church of S. Mir; the new. 
 
 At the foot of the Capitoll hill,South-eall- ward, >^«f«j-//4>vwbuiltaprifonforma]efaf^ors 
 to be laid up in. After him K.Tullrus ad joyned to it that part which is under the ground and called 
 that dungeon,T«//;4>>«»;. Made it was of huge and mighty big (lores-, with narrow lon^' holes for 
 to receive the fliadow,asit were, and refemblance of a light. The dungeon within was vaulted 
 with ftone,ugly for darknefs,and loathfomc by reafon ofa Hrongand Hinkingfent, This whole 
 prifon was divided into twoparts,ihcupperroomandthe nether. Career a was called in Latine 
 a coercefido^hsaak it kept them there enclofed from comingtorth, 
 
 Jufl before this prifon there licth a hugem,irb'e-idoll whidi they call Af.irforms'Some think it 
 was the Image of the bakers god, othersiOfTwp/frrjfurnamed P.ixa-i<it-,o\ the tumours that bear 
 outjlike to loaves of bread. For the Romans in times pafl whetKhey were bclleged by the Gauls 
 in theCapitoU, had warning by J«/)/ffr in a dream, tomakebread ofallthecorn that they had 
 left, and to throw it into the enemies camp. Whereby ilie Gauls delpairingthat the Romans 
 could pofliblybetamed with hunger, brake up the fiege. Whereupon theRomansinperpetuall 
 memoriall ofthisbenefit^reftedanaltarand alhtue 10 Jufter I'tjlor, 
 
 This image is thought to be iherefemblance of the river Rheum in Germaify^htawk'v. is uporj 
 a rock. But why it fhould be called ALxrfarium,\ know not.unlefs it be becaufe it (f andcth in :h^ 
 Forum oi AugHjitu. 
 
 CHAP. XVI. 
 
 The Secretary of thepeop/e o/Rome ; the arch efSeptimius ; the Temple 0/ Saturn. 0/ the 
 
 Treafury^itnd the mint-houfe where t hey coined mony, 
 
 BEhlnd the image of /l/<arf<7r»««,overagainft the arch o(Srptimiuth the Church of S.Mjtrtwdi 
 where, as it appeareth by in evidence engraven in marble, was fometime thepla:e called the 
 Secretary ofthe people of /Jffwr, , . 
 
 Right againft the laid Church c^S. Martimai the bottom oi the rock Trf'p«'rf> n.indeththe, 
 - Aaaaa Sich"
 
 1 092 ^^ Tofografhy of Rome. 
 
 itch oi SeptimiHJ^vihlcb in both the fronts thereof containeth the deeds of that Emperor both by^ 
 land and lea. 
 
 Direftly there followeth the Temple,f«metimesof 54f«r»,now,S.//',:<^r/<Jw Church. Thefaid 
 Temple was of great antiquity. Some report L.Larj^.us for the builder thereof J others L.Tarijui- 
 titus : albeit more likely it is that Larfius dedicated it.Lcz^;writeth.thac when y^fSenipreKhisind 
 M.M.'wwf/w were Co^.NnmantiHs PlaucM reedified it. The trealury of the people of ^ow«^ .no wri- 
 ter denieth, but that it was tratillated out otthe Capitol into this Temple. But wbiv mai in old 
 time would have the treafure to be withinS^ifwwj Temple there be divers opinic)rs.'86m^iav,be- 
 caufe in S^nttms dales there was no theft committed : for under him all thirgj were coinrr on ; 
 no covetous mifer nor lewd pcribn laid wait for bis neighbour, but ail things wcc ftdtnisiifired 
 with rigbteoufnefs/aith^and \o\eXjfyiM alledgeth this caure,becanfe Satur.-. was- ' "^t: '-^ri h-it in 
 /f«?/)' ordained money to be coined. Moreover, in this creafure-houfev.cre I'ept &' pi 'ordi- 
 
 nances. Alfo the books called EhphaHtini, containing the five and thirty tnb^ r-fiht • ■■' >) eof 
 i?owf.Moreover,all the books of the Cities accounts :all'o the ancient writing> am ' - is otthe 
 old j€r.jr?/.'w and the City debts.FurthermorCjthedandards and enfignsof war.O 1 .■ :i - belidcs, 
 whatfoever was by the Generals and Captains after the conquctt of Provinces carritu in triuflnph, 
 was thither brought. Laflly. whatfoever was expedient and prohcable for the Common-weal to 
 be rererved,2s laws,letters,ard other common regifters of a City. The Cenlors likewife were put 
 retake their oath in the Temple of S.-:fwrw. 
 
 BetwecntheChurch now of S. Hadrian, and that which fometime was the Temple of C''y?(;r 
 and Poll.ix, Ilocd in old time the work-houfe wherein they coined money. 
 
 • CHAP. VII. 
 
 7Xf ?-oWc;;Miliarium ?/;f ^r/Wff p/Caligula,f/)f Roflra <«W/^f Curia. 
 
 MIl:.:ritimay.)^:im(\ood\x\ times paft at thehead of theRoman Fo^ww^under theTemoleof 
 Sif/ir«.,near to the arch ofSeptimias. A pillar it wasfo called. wherein all the high-^aics 
 oUtdj were cut and engtaven.and there ended,and from which themeafurcs began and 'venton 
 to every gate of all quarters. 
 
 C<^?/'^«A^ brought a bridg of mirble through the Roman Tornm-litom the mount Palatine to the 
 Capitoll.Amorefiately and curious piece of work there never was throughout all the City :fof 
 thebridg was fullained with fourfcore mighty pillars ofmoH white marble: v\hereof at this day 
 three are tobe feenat the foot of theonehiil, and as many atthe other, in fuch manner as they 
 were in times palf by Calif nl.'. built for the bridg. In the midrt of the Forum, ovcr-again(t S.Ha- 
 d-iMs Church there Handeth a pillar, which is verily thought to be one of them that fcpported 
 the brazen liorfe of Domttiun gilded all over. At thefoct of this hor.'e was the refemblance of 
 Rhene^ arivcr mGcvmAny; ioi ihi^ Domitiau theEmpcrorhad triumphed over that Province. 
 And tfAs is the Image which afterwards they called lAnrforius. 
 
 Ofthebeakheads of the Aii^ut fliips, a pulpit was built in theRoman f (?>•»/»; by the Romans? 
 at the foot ofthe mount Palatine, which Temple they called Roflra-,ihsi therein the r^ds of ihc 
 SenM fliould be mjde.Now of this Kp/?r«jthere were twain,the new at tlje bottom of thePalatine 
 as is befoiefaidjand the old.ne r the Ci:ri.t in the Comitmm. In this ilofira. were laws prblifhed, 
 caufesplended^andOrations made to the people. On the fame the manner was ahotoereftihe^ 
 Staaies lor moll famous and noble men. _ _ ^'''" ,,,'•''!?! 
 
 Inthe moll confpiaious place of the Forum Romantim^ belore Rojlrriy upon a lion of ftone Was 
 the portraiture let for Fanfiulus the foRetfather oiRomtthis and /Ji??»«/.For he, whiles he was defi- 
 rcus to part the fray between RokjuIhi&c ^£»?m/ the founders of the City, was there flain, where, 
 a''terwardstheyerei>ed nnto him his (latuc. Behind the ^ci/?r/»wasthefepulchrealfoof/?5»(»/w. 
 Moreo\ er ,before the Ro/lra Rood the ftatue of Hercules ..cUd in a coat after the Eleans habitjwith 
 ;u;Tim and (Icrn countenance. Three llatues alfo of i'/^^fo in the fame place. The manner of the 
 Romansbefidcswas tofct up the heads of thofe that were puttodeathjtberetobefeen. 
 
 T\vo('«>7.corCouiuill-houres at Rome there were: one near the f^rr/w, faft by the Temple of 
 Peace^nam.cd Hoflilm ; the otherin the mount C(r//»J,whereof we will ipeak hereafter. 
 
 CHAP. XVIII. 
 The LxkeCamas^the gre.n Ji>il(j>r toiv» dtch'jaMdthe DoWoh. 
 
 THelake Curtitisvjis in the midfl ot the llom.For«»;,near Domitian his horfe. This laketodk 
 tho-r nameof M.C//rr2//.f5 who to fave the Common-weal, willingly ofhisownaccordcaft 
 himself headlong armed as hewas. together with his horfeinto a chink of thegroundinthe 
 midft of t he Roman f orww.Sorac would have it fo called olMetius a Sabine.who through this lake 
 efcapcd fafcto his own company. 
 
 Tiie vault or finkcalled Cloaca M^.Y»w<r, was made by the commandment ofTarijni» : for by 
 reifon that the hils were digged under,and the ^ity fiood hollow upon arches,it received Sicarri- 
 ed away all the filth thereof^ At the Temple of Jup.Statordivided it was into three conveyances 
 or chrnnels. whereoftwoofthem arenow flopped up, the third runneth with moft dear water 
 by the Like C«)-f'«.t,undcr the Romanf or«w;along the foot of the mount Palatioeinto VelahrMnT^ 
 anti from thence in a fink made oifour-fquarc fione, it difchargcth it fclfinto Jjher. In old time 
 
 there
 
 The Topography of Rome. loo^ 
 
 there were many fuch vauksjand thofe for publikc ufe. But after the City was won by the Gauls 
 8: burnt, whiles every man made halie to rcbuiid his houfe,whcre he could meet fidi with a con- 
 venient place ; they took no heed to the Hrects as they were betore : fo as neither the City was di- 
 vided as aforetime into quarters,nor yet the finks which in times pall went under the flrects,were 
 marked where tlfcy lay: but afterwards were conveyed under priv at mens houles, whereby it came 
 topals,thateachhoufealmo(tatthis day hath a fink or privy belonging to it. Hereupon alfo it is, 
 that ..his author ,whole epitome or abridgment we write, hath not div idcd the regions of the Ci- 
 ty, agreeable to theold wiiters.But to theend that thofe things whii. b he fetteth down, might be 
 fooner underftood,and better remcmbrcd,he hath parted it into thofe quarters asnow it (hndeth 
 and when hefhewethin what pan of the city any place in times paliwas, he dedareththemin.- 
 thofecoans which atthisday are known lo the Inhabitants, But as at firli thele finks werecom- 
 inon(as I have faid)lb there were appointed publike overiecrs tolookuntothem. 
 
 Near the forefaid great fink there was a place, which of certain barrels under the ground was 
 called DolioLt.TWis place was reputed fo holy,that a man might not fpit thereupon.In it were fup- 
 pofed to have been certain lecret myfteries of JVuma.fiod yetjihere be that think verily the alKes 
 of the French Senoncs were there bertowed. 
 
 CHAP. XIX. 
 The Comitium, the Temple o/Venus Genitrix. The Statues and Imn^es that rvtre in the Comiciunl 
 
 a/.d Roman ¥oiata,Cx(itsfiatMe rndfUUr, 
 
 WHere thcComitium waSjfrom what place it began, and in what part of the City it endedj' 
 we have fhcwed before,iB the fi*'teenth chapter of this book. Called it was Comitium.,zs 
 FlfttMrch fiith/ot th?t RomnlHs and Tattm were wont to meet together in this place,to make co- 
 venants between thcRl. In which place afterwardsjtheSenat and people of Aowiraflembkdjwheni 
 they would decree any thingforthe good o\ thcC.W.andnamely,wheu Confuls.Tribunes Con- 
 fular,and fuch Ma^ilkats were created ;and otheraffairscontiudedjwhereof authors make men- 
 tion in all their wniings.That place was near the Senaculnm-, at the very foot of themount faln- 
 t/wf.This Co»j<f/«/» was open above-head for many years: whereupon oftentimes, albeit aflem- 
 blies were fuirmoHed,yet they were empeached holding for them,fearing fome tempeflnous wea- 
 ther toward, Lon?, time after, when Annibal came into Italy-, they fet a roof over it : and after- 
 wards Cafar repaired it again.In this c jmiiium the plalcs were many times exhibited, In the fame 
 (as Livy reporteth ) the books ot SthylLt were burnt. In like manner many lewd and oucragious 
 a£ls were committed in the afl^mblies there,w hereof elfew here we will fpeak. 
 
 In the Comitium Rood the ftatue of c odes ', which being afterwards Hrucken with fire froira 
 hcaven,wastranflatedinto the court-yard of ?^«/«'4«. In the cantons and angles ofthe comitium^ 
 were the ftatucslikewife oi Pythaao-M tad ^Icibiades: Alfo in the afcent and flairs thereof, on 
 the left hand of the cuna ftood the Image of ^(;«>«,togethet with his whetftone and razor. 
 
 The image refembling the Mother goddefs,was fet up in the Forum. They that worfhipped this 
 goddefs were of this opinion^that the ftone whercotfhe was made, could not poffibly beconfu- 
 med with fire : which they guefl";d hereby , for that albeit many fires were madein the night efpe- 
 cially at her Image yet it took no hurt thereby ; and therefore gave they out,t hat there was fuch 
 vertue herein,as I have faid, And from thence it camejthat in all (treets almoft they began to wor- 
 (hipher and to ereft altars and little chappels unto her. 
 
 The Temple of f^eniu Geftitrtx, as i-; (hewed before, was in the F<»r«»«: Juft before this Tem- 
 ple flood the'ftatue of c <«/4r,carrying a blazing ftar upon the hcid,In like maner a Column of c*- 
 prmade of Numidian marble :o foot high there remained. BeforetheTempleof Crfy?ffrthere 
 was the flatue of j^.A/^m'w in horfemans habit ; oiTremellttu clad inafidegown ; ofM. Atth 
 ffn covered with a vail^ 
 
 CHAP. XX. 
 
 The column cttlledHotnii: the pilhrUontu: thehonfesofCzCit, Conftantlne; WDomitJan, 
 The Temfle and court-yard of the [aid Ca:far, 
 
 IN that part of the Fornm was the Column M(r«M, where ftood the palace of Fortius. Called! 
 Mce>jtait was,'ofM««/iwtheCenfor: for he (when as he fold unto ca ohishoufe- and when 
 j/^frw* the other Cenfor gave order, that the palace aforefaid fhould there be built, refervcdin 
 »he fale fo much fpace for himfelfjas pillar or column would take up: upon the which he might put 
 out aloft to jut forth, made of joifts and boards upon them: from which place both he and his 
 pofterity might behold thefport offword-fencers. And this priviledge he obtained : whereup- 
 on,othcrs aUo,as many as might beallowed, were as induftrious, and built them columns in the 
 Torum, 
 
 There ftood a rock offtoncinthef^mw, vvhereupon the fpoils pf the three twins C«rM<V 
 yvere hanged. 
 
 In like manner.the pillar callar Horatia. 
 
 The houfes of C<tf.ir Con(lantiHe-,ix\d Domitian beautified the Forum. 
 |,ikewife the court and cloifter of Wnervtt i and the (hops [of Bankers] as well old ASDtvfl. 
 
 A a a a a ^ Th<&
 
 logA The TofGgrafhy of Rome, 
 
 The dead corps of Cuf^r was brought out of the Curia into the ForHm^znA interred in that place, 
 vvherc afterward> they built unto him an altar and TempiC. 
 
 Likcwife in the Fornm the manner of the Romans was, to lay down their Magiftracy, 
 
 CHAP. XXT. 
 
 Clfars Forum : the P^Let of^i\x\n%^Mi hit Lihrdrj. 
 
 BEfidesthc TcnnpleofS.»f«r»,orthcrommointreafury(whereofwchave writrenbeforc inthe 
 t6 chap.of this book) in the Roman /jr^w toward the Northeaft n3%f dj^rs torf.mf cen 
 in that very place which leemeth lower than the relt,bchind the Temple ot Faujintt. i here, was 
 the Temple oif^entu Gemrix, about which Cmfar made a doilkr and a Fornm-, not of wares and 
 metchandife to be fold ,bm for them that repaired thither forjuHicc in law matters,! n this Forurnt 
 amon« other tUtues ( whereof there were many and thoie moftfair icd beautiiuU heliiffered his 
 own to be made, all armed. The Ftrum it felf contained but a Imallcnmpals.but it wa>. molf ex- 
 cellently let out.The very level otthe plotl^ood him in an hundred miUions of Aflesand ahowc. 
 
 (TrfrTpurchafed with ijootalentSjTW** ;Ew»r/i«i theCollegucofC.MdvcW/wjinhisConful- 
 fliipito be his friend and to itand wiih him. /*««/«.? having received this fnm of money built in the 
 m\M\ of the Forum near to the Temple of CaJIot and Polhx. a moft excellent and wonderluU Pa- 
 lace, of Phrygian columns which afterwards they named, B fjici Panlt, 
 
 A Library alfo the fame P<i«/«j cre^ted^ncar unto his own Bafilifi. 
 
 CHAP. XXII. 
 
 jbe Forum of Auguflus : thtgnlUries o/Antonius,Fauriina,4rflf Livia : Czfars houfe', 
 
 THe Roman Farwwjthofealfo oi[JuliHsY*['r and huguft^s.Vift. fas it is well known)near 
 one to another. That of A«^A-y?«j they affirm to have been at the imape of Mdr/onw/, in the 
 molt frequented place of the City : it was but in little compafs, as the otherof C<tprx but excel- 
 lently wel adorned with brave Oatues and other things.Forit had the flames otr^//«r and Po'.Ihx, 
 with the vidory ot KUx4>'dey the Great: the image alfo of Ccrw^wj and of the raven that upon 
 his helmet fought. Alio Apollna Ivory ; and befides thefCjOthet eni'gns and ornaments of vertuc 
 and valour. 
 
 In this Hill or Forum pub'.ike jullice was adminiftred : and the judges from thence were empa- ' 
 nelled: herein they debated in councill, ofwars, o'triumphs,3rd other weighty affair^. From 
 hence they ufed to go whenihey took journey into their Provinces withfo-eraigncommand. 
 Hither,they that returned vigors, brought the enf^gns andtokcns of their vidiory. This Feruin 
 being by time decaied .?/.«iir»^« reedified. 
 
 This Forunj had two porches, wherein were the ftatues fct out & decked in triumphant manner. 
 
 A«^»</?«f dwelt in the nreet5^fr<i,in a houfe not fo large and (lately, hnt marvellonfly fnrnifhcd 
 by his neecc L/t/i.?. And t>.t<g»fius not able to abide thi? waiifnl uiptriluity of ri..hes,puiled it down 
 and laid it e>^en with the ground : in the void plot and ( ourt-yard wbereof,wasattcrwards built 
 the oallery of Livia ; which aho w as called Clandia. Nero calt it down; but DomttiAn built it up 
 aoain under the old name. 
 
 °The ooodly "alleties othntonint Sc Faufti^ia, adorned with divers and furdry marbles wel built 
 inoldtime)Were whereas at this day (hndeih the Church o{ S.LtiurenceiaMirarM. 
 
 CHAP. XXIII. 
 The rafter er h-im^calledSotouam Tigillum uheflrcet Cyprins,Sceleratns5<7«<^Patritius: 
 
 thsho^feof M.Antonius. 
 
 SOrorium Ti^iHunt was a place hallowed for the expiation ar,d afToillng oiHoratius for killing 
 his (ifler ,fei up nearthelireet r<»n><«, to the honour of J^'/pz/^'r. 
 
 TheftreetCr;)»-/«/is nenrtothecliftorrifingof theCapiroil, which leadetb to theChOixhof 
 ^.Teter in Vtr.culU '^o called of Crprw^.In it dwelt the Sibins firft,when they were atranchifcd and 
 made freedeni/ons.Surnamed afterwards it was Scelcratns upon the wicked >^ nude' illilb aft of 
 lull 4,whereof L/z/;^ fpeakcth.Some think this was ore with t he former : otheii lay/it was divers 
 from it. 
 
 The flreet TMrkius was fo called, becaufe ofPatritii.y/ho were by K.Tul/us commanded then 
 to d wel. For this was a place railed fomewhar higher than others ; from whence as from the up- 
 per groundjihey might eafily defend themfelves againrt the hidden violence of others,if it fliould 
 be offered. 
 
 M'.A«f»»/o; dwelt in ihathoufc.where fometimes flood the Temple of Te'Jus.hkithnttmnSj 
 the Church of ^.P,%ma'ien was in the fame place builr. 
 
 CHAP. XXIV. ^* 
 
 Bufla Gallica, and ^quimelium. 
 
 BVfl.t (7.?//»i?'«,wasa placein the heart oftheCity,wbere the dead bodies eftheFrenchmcnrhai 
 held R«me;\NC:& burnt and buried, h was in thar part of the City where at this day thndetb 
 
 «he
 
 The Topography (^/Rorne. ion<5 
 
 the Church of S. Andrerviin Bhflit Ga!lica,)No\N they call it by an a v\ k name,?crf?/f<i& : and it is 
 not far ;fom the Amphitheatre.f^^icr* fettech the Buji-iGallic^ near the */£~,'umel!Hm.K% for ex£- 
 ^uimeitumtit was fo called^ becaufe the houfe ot AUbtu who fought to be K.was there laid level 
 with the gtoand. 
 
 CHAP. XXV, 
 Thefirett calUdVn Sacra : the 4rc/) Fabian <»»</ Vefpafian. 
 
 THisftreet beginneth at the old C(tria->\n the angle of Pa'atmrn near the arch of [Great] C*«- 
 flantine. Kfrro fuppofeth that it began at the (l<»r/; a; and the chappeiot Surnld. Wherebya 
 man may gather that the ViAfacra fometimes went through the gardens now ol S.Afa'j the new, 
 to the Temple of Pcace,thc Fontm o( Cafar-, ^nd fodircdtly up to the Call le ot the Capitol. The 
 name of^^fMittook for that the Augurs when they came from the Capitol hill, went throurhic 
 as they took their Auguryior be.aufe monthly,they went in proielTion with faired re iques atong 
 that way : or lalt of all in regard that in ic there was a league ard covenant made bet ween Romu' 
 Ins and Tatiw, At the head and top oi'it^ Ancus MArtim in times paU d welt^ near the chappcl of 
 the Lares. •'; i|j ■•.. 
 
 Jn this ftceet was the famous ftatue fet upof C/^/^a, 
 
 The arch FabiAn likewife, near the Kings Palace, fart by the B,t[tlicao[ Pawui^vm reared by 
 Fahi$u the Ccnror,wbo fubdaed the Alloho^es. In which arch was the fcutcheon with his arms, 
 and other tokens ofthevidory engraven. Fall hy It, Scril^omtu Lihocveiiedaku and Tribunal 
 for the Praetor ,n3med PHteal. 
 
 In the fame (treet- way was the marble arch oiCeJpafiAn, (the ancienteft of all others that arc 
 now to be fe^a ) ereited by ytfp.i/ian after he had won Hier^^flcm. In it were his victories cut 
 and engraven, witp. iheark ofthecovenant of onehde, and on the the other, his trinmphsand 
 fpoils ; and namely^thegolden^andlcHick; the feven other light? the two tables of y't/c/f/,thevef- 
 lels jf the Temple oiW/frwp/irw ; the golden table, weighing one great talent ; and manythin'^s 
 clfc,whetcof jejefhfis writeth. 
 
 CHAP. XXVI. 
 Crscoftafis ; Senaculum ; r/j* Curia; the'Pal.ices of O'^'miu^ a-fid^oxcms. 
 
 GRdcoflafis is a place on the right hand of the Rojlr/i^i% men go forth oU\\tComitium I where> 
 the tmbaffadors of forrain nations being lent unto theSenat, ufed to Hand and give atten- 
 dance untill they were admitted to audience. 
 
 The PilicotOprmitu and the C«r//».Oood near unto the G'ri«f;7?;i/7/. Above the GrAcofl.tJlsvtzs 
 the 5.>.M(r»//«»»at the Templeof Co«r(?r^.Ca.ledit wisSeaaculumy becaufe theSenat or the elders 
 were wont there to meet.In Greek it i^ named Vi^^/ia.. 
 
 C'ria was in the ComttiM?»,ZTnd fome think it is all one with Se»acnlum ; fo called, becaufe the 
 affairs that required publike care were there debated. There was a Citri,: alfo of PrieRs where 
 Church-matters were handled and treated ot.Now this C.*ri.i where the Senat met,was a Temple 
 or hallowed place : fomeithermighttlie Senat meet, nor aft of .>cnit paf";, but in the place fee 
 outand appointed by augury. Hereupon Cftrit Hofl:l!.i-,Pompei.'t.ind Ji:li.i, being profane places 
 before,were by inauguration confecrated Temples. In this Cmfa was the altar oiFiclorj: and upon 
 the (tairs of the faid C«r/'<J flood the image of ViEioryxd^Ac of fine pure g(5ld. 
 
 Cato the elder in the time of his Ceniorfhip, built (with the City money j a palace near to the 
 forMWiUndf the r«r;,j, which after his own name he called Portia B^fiUca. 
 
 The palace alio o( Rtminltts (zs men think) itood wliere the Church is now ofS,y?/.fr/the new. 
 Thefe places therefore which have been thus deicribed in the fouith region of the City, joyned 
 together in' one place in a manner, and were all contained within this circuit^as you go from the 
 Co»»t»«w toward the Templeof /'t^c-f^and the Church and gardens of S.iJ/.ir/ the new almoft as 
 far as the Ef^uilia. 
 
 The fourth Bojl^. 
 
 CHAP, I. 
 The Temple of Janus a7:d Piety : of the fablike gout of Row. Commons. 
 
 SEeing that four parts of the City are defcribed, the fifth enUieth ; which in l-ideth thofe 
 places that comprehend Ty're, part of the Aventine on the right hand and tnero.k Tir- 
 peta'ou the left : the valley alfo which lyeth between thofe very hiils. Wherefore begin we 
 will . I the memorable places, which ar»next after the The Jtre of Marceitu anH lo run 
 throL.-'". the plain and kvell plot of the City. And withjw w firlt.whom meninoid time Hefieved 
 to be the very door, and as it were the entrance of all things. XXDioJ.mus iV'/w.^hnit a Temple 
 tt the "aie Crfr'wf«f/j/«,(afterwaids thechappellofS.A'.«/;rfr/«f } at the bottom of the ArgiUim^ 
 ;,ii^ Aaaaa 3 dole
 
 .Q^5 ^^^ Tofografhy of Rome. 
 
 clofc unio the theatre o{ Marcclliti.l[iis Temple had two doors: in time of peace they were flaut» 
 but in wai openedby thatCoDlul,who,asthe wonhicrperfoDjwasfitftcreatcd.lt is found in rc- 
 cords,that this Temple was Ihut but only thrice. Firft^by Numa himfelf : fecondly,by T.ManUHs 
 theCof.and a third time by y*;<2^.-</?«i, after the battelof -^S;««>.But whyintimc o( war it flood 
 open many reafons are giver :and this is thought the cbiefeft,Damely,an accident that befell when 
 i?ow /iM warred again: t theSabins : for when the Sabins were now poffcffed of the gate C^rwfx- 
 t.-i/,j,and about to rn(h violently into the City,all on a fudden unlooked for there iffued f .rth up- 
 on the enemies aplemeous ri\er and Hream of hot fcalding water out of the Temple of J,i»«ir, 
 which flood near to the gate: whereuponthey were driven to flee, and fo the City was faved. 
 From hence it is that poiktity coming atter,open the doors foj //»««* that he might be at liberty, 
 when he is called torth^asit were,to belpintimeofwar. 
 
 Others report that Tan m And /><?»»«/«/ both were the founders ofthat Temple: as who, whcQ 
 the covenant was made betwixt them, agreed together of that two-faced god as an indififcrent 
 and common witnefs to them both of the accord contr.-£led between two Kings and two nati- 
 ons ; and fo ereiled unto him this Temple in that very place where now the ruins ofS» Katharina 
 Chnrh aretobefeen. 
 
 Moreover there be who affirm> that C«. DHilim vowed it,and Ttberim built it: but the variety 
 of ihefe opinicns fcemeth hereupon to arife ; tor that it is received and heldfor ccrtain,that there 
 were many y,i>7> worfliipped as godsby the porterity;whereas they in old time believed but one: 
 ibasthatwhlchisfpokenofdi>ers,isfalflyfuppofedjasfaid of one. Which may be feen bcfore> 
 whereas we wrote of J.i««* with four fronts or faces> whofc Temple was erc(^ed in the Ferum. 
 Forit is laid, that Jantu was the firrt whoercifted Temples and ordaiocd divine fcrvice and cere- 
 monies tor the gods ; and theretore in facrificcs deferved the firft place. 
 
 Pourtraiedheiswithakey and a wand ; as who is the porter to keep the gatcs»and the guide 
 todireil the waies, 
 
 ^ug:!ftiu bei.des,brought his image out oi &gyft to Rome^%n6. in the herb-mitkct built a Tem-, 
 p'.ein the honour of him. 
 
 To Pifr^inthefaidherb-mnrket, M. AtilinsCldrio dedicated a Temple in that very place 
 where at this day ftandcth the Church oiS.NichelM in theprifon: for even there /lf.CUudiust\\c 
 De em.i by adecreeofiheScnitbui.t a priion, ior that the common goal (whereof we have 
 written before) was not fiiffi ient ; and called it,Theprifon forthe Commons of ^ow*: wherein 
 bim. elf afterwards being found jiuilty wrought his owndeaih. In which alfo many years after, a 
 ccr- ain hUy poor woman of bafe and objure parentagCLbeing newly brought a bed] being appre- 
 hended for an heinous offenve,was condemned to bellarved to death. Her danghter, being a 
 mil', h woman and delivered lately of a child, made humble requeft to the goaler, that flie mighc 
 hive leave to "o to her mother: and when he had madeflreight fearch before, whether (he 
 brought with her any food ; andfawher have nothing about her, let her in: and foflie went and 
 came many times. At the lart .known it was that the priloner within was nourifhed by the breaft- 
 milk of her daughter: whereupopihemctherwasdelivered and let free; and both mother and 
 daughter were allowed their food everafter by vertue of a decree, at the Cities charges/ andin 
 rcga d of that kindnels and affeiSfion o'^the child to the mother,they confccrated this place to the 
 goddefs PietM. Livy 1 "uppofeth ,that it was not the mother but the father that in this manner was 
 by the daughter nouiiflied. 
 
 CHAP. II. 
 
 The hcrh-m(irk:f '• '^^^ Tem^U e/ Juno MitutiyindofHcpe : the Oratory or ChMppel of l^iimn the 
 Column ca'kdiuiititit: the Altar and Chapfell of Ciimeati, 
 
 THls place huh the name o^ For Mm Holitor/um^^oi that therein is great ftoreof wortJ and pot- 
 herbs without the gate ^<;rw(r«M//;f5whcre,wfaere)in times paft was the old market kept: and 
 aitnis day called it is the Hreec Montanarta. 
 
 Within thecompafs or the faid market-place. C.Ctfr«(r//«;theCoDful,in the time oftheGaulf 
 war. vowed a Temp'.cto ]Hno Matnta: which afterward being Cenfor, he put out to building> in 
 that very place where afterwards flood the Church of S. /f »^rf B»,furnamed \r\ Mentuz^a. 
 
 The fm; CCorW/w^buik in the F<»r«w Wo//f<»r/«w the Temple of //0^;,and the fame adorned 
 w't divert and fundry marble?^: which afterwards r#//4r<»«iconfecrated.Many a day afcer,it was 
 Im'iitn with hghtning ; rndinthe end fet on fire and burnt. 
 
 A Column alio there was in the fame market-place, named LaUaria'. nnto which the fucking 
 babes that were to he nourifhed with milk, were prefented. 
 
 The Oratory of Nnma Rood in the bottom oi ArgiUtum^ near the theater oi MArcellus, 
 
 The A'tar C/jrwfwi^/^jConfecrated by Evader to his mother Garment a, flood before the gate 
 
 Carment l:s, 
 
 In the fame place alfo was the Chappell tJtCdrmexta built by the matrons o5 Rome.Kt tbefirft, 
 file was called Nico/tr/ita : but for that (he delivered Oracles in vcrfe^ftjc took the name oiCar- 
 
 CHAPt
 
 The Topo^afhy (?/Romc. 1097 
 
 CHAP. III. 
 Thefi^-mArkshand Temple p/Fortuna Virilij. 
 
 THc fifli-matkct ftandcth along ihc 7>^rf,ncarto thc[_Forum]]uniuni,hctwecD the Churches 
 oiS.Mtiryin'PorticuzndvSiyptiaca, mtb'iOihegzK Csrmentalih doc far Iroin the forw^i 
 ^«<«r»ww,'..".ihc ox-markct. 
 
 The Church ot S. Warji %/£gyftiaeti is at this day near the Tjbre', and a bridg ot the laid name. 
 Some go about to affirm and prove that this was lometime the Temple of yt/trc; ; otfifrs oFo - 
 »«r/ ztidChal}:ty \ but all in vain : for thole Temples werenot in thispiaie, but in ne ox-Ti^rkct: 
 asforthisTempleofforf«»<«'^'r///^ whereof we now tpcak, it was near lyb . In it ' coj t'-c ita- 
 tueofyfrv. />//;»; made of wood and guilt ail over, which in • great fcaie-nrc vvticn4.tibiDgs 
 dfe were burnt, remained only lafc and foundi 
 
 CHAP. mi. 
 
 The Temph of Vcdithe Saiins, a>sdthe ArehtfCdcltS, 
 
 I'XlEarthe Church diM^ry furoamcd EgjptiAca-, there rcmaincthat thisdayamoft ancient 
 X^ icfiiple, nowdcditated toS.5«p, c , theframc whereof is circular, and the pillars are fct 
 round alit>jt and bearup theroofiwhich being one entire piece of work,tarrieih the wbolt Tem- 
 ple. Cocf-ciatcd it wa' in old time to f^r/?iT: and M«««/Jtaking that cirtuUt platform, fromthe 
 iTcmpic vvhuh was at -i'hr. made it with a lover in ihecop;hiving a hole togive light. 
 
 howheit.of this goddefs her telf there is no image nor refemWancc ; for that firc,whercof flie 
 isthcgodde.s.cinhave no certain and permanent form. KilotFefla^ the Laiines call her fo, be- 
 tnnfefhcisarriied with divers andfundry things. Ot thcGreeks Hieis named in'*, for that her 
 forv.c and pcwcr spperrsineth to altars and ncrths where fire is kept. This is not the Temple 
 Tfhereip t. e farted rtre is preft rved : but that whereof we fpake before, whii.h Romnlm built be- 
 tween the v.ipitoi! and Palnu-m. 
 
 Si<l >ia rfvcre rhc Hore-houfes of the fait which ferved the City ; and they flood Upon that 
 fcankiide of TV^^f .whii-ti 'Itom theforv:f id Temple o^J^ejia rcacheth into the Avemine. 
 
 The ar'^h o' H'l-^-u-.u.Cocieilijod .c the very loot of the AvcHtine hiUjWhcrc the rifiog thereof 
 beglnncm between itie mount and the Tyhre^ 
 
 CHAP. V. 
 
 The Forum Boarium. 
 
 HIthcno from thebeginning of this fourth book, are defcribed thofe things which on the 
 right hand of the r^^rf Were worth the noting. Now forward we will after our manner, 
 funthrough ail the memorable things which arc on ihc left fide of that river: and firlt, ascoti- 
 cerning the bealt-market. 
 
 The beali-market was ntttioVeUhrum and Jrf>»«;,between the mount Tdatme and the Greek 
 fchool,clofc to the Temple,now called S.Gre£ories Church. In it there was a moft ancient image 
 inbrafsefabull, whereupon fome think it took the name ^o<«r/«»«. Others, for that oxen were 
 there fold : or becaufethey ufed in old time tofacrifice thofe kind of hearts there: or elfe^for that 
 ^vMder in that place killed an oxein facrificcto Hercuhs^ for killing C^«-«/ and re. overiflg again 
 his kine and oxen. In the fame place were kept the inflrumcnts wherewith the Miniiiers belong- 
 in* to facrificcs,the facrificers alio themfelves, were furnidied when they went about their facri- 
 ticc.In this market-place was the firii fight exhibited of Iword-fcncers* 
 
 CHAP, VI. I 
 
 The Temple o/Hcrculcs Viftor, And the Altur calledWtumi, 
 
 T He round Temple ti]upiter P^tclorvus built inthebeaft-market, near the Greek fchool.- 
 where iomeiime Ev.i>id*r reared unto Hercules the altar called Af>ixima. This Temple ( a; 
 they fay)wasrorciig!ous and venerable,that neither flie nor dog would enter into it.For Hercti- 
 let at what time as he diPributed a doleof flcfh to his followers and minifters in his facrifice.prai- 
 tiamo A^ri.'.^tyns [thegod that gathereth flies.] He it is therefore that driveth away allflies 
 from this Temple : and n the door thereof he left his club behind, which asfoonasthe do^sfcc 
 they run away tar off: and thi:s unto thedaies wherein Pliny lived it was free from flies and dogs. 
 At thefacriri-e and divine fervice of this fffr<r«/ej,reithcr women nor bondflaves, nor yet freed 
 men that had been in villenage might be prefencAt the laR,this Temple was confumed in that fire 
 which Nerc the Emperour made. 
 
 Over and beldcs, Evayidcrcre&cdviOiO Hercules a flatue, which was called, Hercidcs Tri- 
 umphantbecaufe fo ofren as there was any triumph in the City it wasdad with amaDtle,ando- 
 thct habiliments of triumph. 
 
 All the time that Eva»der- raigncd Herenles had no more but an altar which they called Maxi- 
 ntA : and this EvAuder reared unco him for killing of Cachs^ and reftoring his kinc ind oxen again. 
 
 Upon
 
 10 v^^ 
 
 The Tofografhy oj Rome. 
 
 upon thi^ altar he facrifti.ed the temhpart of the fruit of his kine : for Hercules had given out and 
 promiicd, Th.it they (hould live an happy lite who dedicated unto him the tenth part ot their 
 ^oods.Hereupon Cometh the name of I>f«»;<s HercuIan^.i.e.HereHUf Tithes. i 
 
 CHAP. VII. 
 
 S'h.e TTr^P-'w/Chaftity, Profperous Fortune, Matuta, and Fors fortuna : of the place calUdVkas 
 Publicus, Velabrum: *»<if^f/f;)»/c/;re.?//9 o/AccaLaurentia, '^ 
 
 NEar to the Temple of Hercules, well known it is that achappell was built by tJEmjlius to P«- 
 d citta Pa.ritia j.f.Getitlewomenschaftity.Now the image that repreiented this Saint, flood 
 in thebe.i(l-matket. To the ferviee and facrifices celebrated unto this goddefs, virgins that were 
 Commoner> dauohters might not come. Andthetfore a certain maiden of commoners degree. rea- 
 reda chappeil siio to Pudicina PlebeU. Frem the ferviceand facrifices thereotthe Patrician vir'- 
 "in: were i'ikcwife debarred, Many other places & Temples beddes wereconfecratedto Pudicitia. 
 ^ The Temple? oKProfperom Fortune Aad oi M;itata, Servius ThIUus confecraied in thebealis- 
 market : And that Foti4>ie he called Pro{per4v/bkh was not blind. In chat place(fay they)an Olive 
 tree lometims? (lood",and upon a time when honey dropped iind flowed trom it, the Soothfayers 
 gave Older, tiisr a little coffer or box ftiould be padeof the wood thereof; wherin ihofe lots were 
 pot and laid up. which by the direilion oi Fortune were either bandied or fiiuffled togetherby the 
 iwnds of young.boys : as if lu^ h fhould prove happy, fort HDat,& fx.f:t.\\tm.Servius Tullius i\'cx\\>&A 
 ali his aifs whatfoc'.erto forf«»^,whobeingbornofabondwoman.hcid many times fornd good 
 by her, and was in the end advanced to princely dignity. And hereupon he dedicated Temples to 
 fo'tum Primiq^ema MafcuU ( onvertensfiene (perMS^ iodl^'dens.ss who would lay,(he ruled and 
 didail,Likewife,a Temple heconiecrated to little forf«»tf, fignitying thereby, that nothing c«a 
 iiappen unto us, be it never fo fmall but we muft attribute it,as coming trom the gods. 
 
 A Temple to A'Lnur.i Camillus vowed in the Veientian war and dedicated it ; which long be*- 
 fore that time Servius Full ui had erected. To Matuta and Fortuna Primtgcnia. the Romans dffi 
 facrihce upon one and theielf fame day : and likewifsin one and the fame day both their chappefe 
 vvere burned and con Umed with tire together. Carvilius the Coninl caufed a Temple to be madp 
 umo FonFortunx^ oK\y^F ortu For unii\rmx^wnx.o\}azx.oi Matuta-^ ofthe money raifedoutoftht 
 fpoil gotten from the Tufcans. 
 
 The lireet called Vic^s /'•//r«.( began at the Forum Boarium-, and went from thence unto tbe 
 y4've»tirte,is tar as to the Temple of Jui^o. In this fireet near the faid Forum was the Chappeil of 
 Velabrum-, in that very place where now rtandeth the Church of Saint G'rf?<''7^°^'^'*/'''«'«'^ fo 
 called. 
 
 Aventine hill was fometimc feparated from the other mountains by the Tyter between : forbe- 
 fore that T,irqmniut Pr/fcus tinned the chanell of T;^^r, it brake out many times, and having 
 found a frith of.rcek,it beat upon the toot of the ^z'e»f<»f. And therefore of necelTiry,whofofi- 
 ver would go to f e y)ventt»e w as ro make a farc.that is 10 fay , by paying his quadrant, terry ov«r 
 thither in a Whcrry.Hcreupon rh.i' plate is at this day called Felahum-a vehe>fdo,i.e.ie:iy'wg^ 
 ver,where fometimcs the Tyiiey had wrought out a frich. 
 
 A>ittai hath left in writing,that the kfukhte oi Acca LaureKtiaWisiarelairum. 
 
 CHAP. VIII. 1 
 
 Vertumnus W/'^- Tem]>le> J^rmiwith four faces ; thehoufeof Africaous UheCourttr ' v 
 
 Palace bempronia, andthe wooll-ljhopi. [ 
 
 M En in old time called rerfMWJ^x not only the god of buying,felling,and of fruits;butalfo him 
 that ruled .mens minds,fo named a Vert endo ,{oi that oftentimes he turned & t bcnged at his 
 will and pleafure the purpofes and thoughisofmen another way fa; divers. His Tcmpk &imsge 
 they ereiVed in the Tu; an (Irect near to t!,e altars oiOps and Ceres.lht feftivall dales of this god, 
 celebrated inihemnpthof OElohir.iXCC&WcAFertumKalia. Some there be that would have r'^r- 
 tumms and "janut with four faces to be all one ; upon this reafon,for that they affirm the Temple 
 of J.<r>;w.f aforefaid to be in Velabrum^whctas they built that of Fertum^us. But now that Temple 
 whereof we have before ipoken, upon four pillars beareth up one roof, and hath four oates hi- 
 fides,andin each forefront twelve little windows, which fignifie the four quarters of the year, 
 
 and the twelve months. In old time they put J:;>»«'.f before,in all facrifices,andgavebim that name 
 ab cwWo /.e.i'oinj.' anc^ hereupon the entries and doors of houfes becalled Janu£. 
 
 Nesrtheimige of Tfrt^ww,..? Tw^. yif>caniis^iAd.rt houfe, which 5e>wpr9»/«/ afterwards 
 bought together with the wool!- fhops, andbuilt the palace which they call .y(?w;)ro«M, near tlxe 
 "Jem^XtoiS.Gregory in Vclabrum 
 
 T 
 
 CHAP. IX. 
 
 ArglletUS ; the houfe of Cornelius ; j£quimelium ; the Chappeil ofSur^uedry or [loath. 
 
 He Ar^iktut beginneth at the bottom of theTufcan flreet, andendetb at the Theatre of 
 MarceHus^xx Fabius Ptihr faith jii began at the head ofthe faid Tufcan If reet5under Coslhlus^ 
 
 between
 
 The Topogt^aphy ofKdmc, to^g 
 
 l»ctw;enicindcl»ei;re.it Lifts, and fo reachech to the AvetidDe. Theniracic caketh or a kind of 
 clay or lome, whereof there is plenty in that place: orelfeot one ^r^««,who being enrertained 
 as a gueU by Ev4ndir, hid await for his life, intending after he had murdered him, to be K.and 
 raicn him(elf.Biit the triends and company about Ev.fder diuovered bis trains, snd irvfac was by 
 them llain.Unto him therefore £7<i«i^(fr reared a tomb even there, and i-cnfecrarcd thepla.e. 
 
 Now ImM Ara t tMis i^iiihy ihtlU^ms. oi M ATccflu^ . In this Hreet were di.crs (liopsof 
 artifansorartihcers,andel'pecially of Itationersor bookfellerSjand chofethcy commoD'y called 
 the Argi!et:n fhops. 
 
 Cornelius D}mttiAn'ASK{3\dlo\\v;i6\-^t\l\nf^tUbrum, 
 
 ty£c]»tmelinm is between ycUor$4m and the Capitol rear to the Rapiers and wooll-fliops.Tfjfc 
 name 3rofehereupon,for that ^f. yl/i"/;«/, a Roman Citizen w! o aipiredtobeK. fometime there 
 dwelt; whobciog deteded ofthat crime, was killed hisgoods conhicat and hishou "e laidleve!| 
 with the^round.and thep'otwhereit flood by the Romans wasmadea voidyard'.J.;:'-' ;"! ' 
 
 The Temple of /V/«rf;<i,goddefs of Idlenefs, was under the Aventine uprnthe afi-enrofthiebill 
 called Cltv.is Pu'l-.atu inthat part whereas folk go np to the Chur^:h otS. P::Jsa. Hereupon the 
 mount Aventine was fometimes called Munius. 
 
 Moreover,fome there be that in this place would have the Afdum to nand:bur wc have fhewed 
 before that v^/y/««»wasfirlt built by /Jow.iipon the Capitol. But in procefsof time, afrer that fo 
 great riches and wealth was gathered and laid up there in the Capitoll, and that ochcrwhiles the 
 Seuatufcd there to meet and l-.t in council; the Rom. thought it not with the fa feh ior themthac 
 chieves.fcllons.and other lewd infamoU'j per''ons of all forts, fliould come tor refuge thither, and 
 there abide: and therefore they fuppofed it better for their feturity to tranflaie tiii^privilcdged 
 Unftuary tofomeothreplaie. Whereupon not there alone, but in many other pars afmrwardj 
 there began fani^luaries to be fet up,not at Rome onlyjbut alio in other quarters of the world, 
 
 CHAP. X 
 
 Circus vrhat it it -why it wMfo catlediandfor what cat<J- ordained, 
 
 T He place where glme^ & exercii'es ofdifpom were performed, was called the Cirqne;ro na- 
 med, for that the fcaffo'idb were built in circuit round about to behold thepilUmes; and 
 within that compifs thefaid folemnities were exhibited: alfofor that the pomp w^s carried iti 
 Oie w,and the horfes ran about the goals there. Built it was round, but longwife like an arch oc 
 bow,having in the circuit about it Heps one above ano' her, with apt feats for the beholders, that 
 one flioulcj not hinder the prolpeil of another: inthemidlt were two marks or goals diftant alike 
 one from the other. Alfo the barriers or career es^io called,becaufe the horfes flood there pent and 
 kept in untill the MapHrate gave the fignall to begin thf courfe, '. '' ' ', 
 
 Now thcfe folemnities ofgamcs and pUies are teliivalsin thehonour ofcheirgo'ds^for ordained 
 they were firft,and (Hll are obferved and kcpt,either for their birth daies Sc nativities, or dedicati-* 
 on^ of Temples. And at the very firlt verily were hunting and baiting ot beafls.which they called 
 (Muntr.iY'^ ^^^ honour of J^r.-o-^.But theiUge-plaies wfrcdue to r«'^ifr:theCircchfiangam^s: 
 to Nr^y.neZT^A Crr^'/.Thus tliefepalVimes were alTigned, fometo thefegods, and others to thole ; 
 and in honour and memoriall of them yearly folemnizcd, AsforthegamesCirc-cn!es,they were 
 fo called becaufc when they werctobeperformed,thcy had thebankofthcri.crofcnefide.aDd 
 fwcrds fct to flank the other. J5ut of thefe games, plaieSiandfolemnfightS;5/yj.,«Hj hath written 
 St large. 
 
 CHAP. XI. 
 The great (h:w-pUcecalLd Circus MaximdJ, 
 
 TArejiiimts Frijats iiil^tuted firR this large circuit forrunning ofraccs, andlaidtlie roundati- 
 on thereof between the two mounts Ave-^'ti»e ind Palatine. But Trfprwaslie that enlat'- 
 oed it, and made it moremagnififent and flately. For being ( as it wis ; three furlongs and an 
 half inleng'h, and four acres broad ; itisthou^ht that it was C-t/" rand not Ta (]u:>], whofetic 
 out to that hrgcnsfs ; and this foundeth like to a truth, conddering that in X'^r^f^sdiksi\\f 
 City was not fo populous, neither given fo much to thefe fliews and lights, as in thetirheafC^s- 
 /j»-,and thctefore the pla:e req'iired not fo great a compafs ofground. Now this Cirque for three 
 parts thereof to wit the two l-.des and one of the end';, had a dit;.h digged ten foot deep; afadas 
 many broad : behind that dicch were galleries built three 11 ories high ; and thclehad fdatSmadc 
 beneath withllone and above of timber: all which galeries had one and the fame bafes for thcj' 
 doled together round like a globe. Able they were to receive a hundred and fifty thoufadd mcti. 
 Seemore hereof in P/o;;; ,';«/, /'2/My,Lrf7, and others who have written of the Roman Edifices. 
 IhisCiique Aufuflns adorned and beautified afterwards: for he made thebarriers of marble, 
 and guilded the goals, and many othet ornaments he fet it out withall. La(Uy, when it was de- 
 caied and fain down, Tr-va^ reedifiedit, made it more ample, and trimmed it up. Yea, aud 
 after him, Helwq;ah.ilni fet thereftdbefides moft fair and goodly Columns, and gam: l1ied them 
 with gold, and paved the very floor with Chryforo^'a. But as tojjiing the beamy of this 
 Cirque, N.iz. trins writcth much. For, by report, fp elegant it was, that men rcfcrted to it, not 
 fo much to behold the cxcrcifes and mafleries there, a?thc'pleafanc anddeledlableheali^y of 
 the place. Mxrlmut therefore it was called, either becauf^i confecrircd it wasToT'<»>-f;.wW/,'. 
 
 s
 
 jioo The Tofograpby of Rome. 
 
 tVieg,tcateft of the gods,or for the excellency and fumptuoufnefs of the games : or elfe becaufe in 
 companion of other Ciiquesiio mt.FlamtKtuSf and the other called Inttmus, i.e. the inmof ,this 
 was the biggeft.For Pliny hath left in writing, that it lay out in length three furlongs, and one m 
 bieadthjfo as it would well feive for two hundred and iixty thoufand men to fit within it. 
 
 CHAP. XII. 
 
 The'temflts And Alt art tvhichwtrcadto have hetn in the Circus MaximUSj or about it, 
 
 COnfuj is reported to be the god of Coun!'cll,either for that he concealeth mens connfelSjOi 
 openeth them unto men.This God had an altar in the great fliew-place covered overwhich 
 betokenech,that counfeil ought to be dole and covert. For which caufejthis altar as we read,was 
 by the old Romans to him confecrated. For they>at what time as they confuked about the tavi- 
 (hiag of the Sabinemaidens,fearing lefl they flionld have been detected before the time-,dedica- 
 tcd this altarto this god^and created the portraiture and image of him thereon.Which altar veri- 
 ly ,either by feme injury of the times, or through mens neg e&. of thcgods, continued fo fotjetjas 
 It thcend it was altogether unknown where it Hood. At length found it was again, and at all o- 
 ther times remained covered, but in the time of horfe-runnings, and then it was uncov tied ancj, 
 ict open. To this god was the feafi alfo inflitutcd, called Confualia. And thoftdilports and pa-< 
 ftimes which they devifed for the ravifhment ot the Sabin Virgios, were celebrated at this altas 
 by certain Prielis belonging to that god. 
 
 In like manner Neptune, iotDimcd the Chevalier,had a Temple in thisCtrcl^s}Aax.^Nhkh in the 
 year of our Lord 1526 was found behind theTemple of S.jin>^fl.ifia,it the foot of the mount Pa' 
 latine, in the very foundations of the Ctreus : for fuch marks and tokens were there to be feen, 
 that by good evidences it appeared that this was the very Temple oi Nfftune.Vot the honour of 
 this Ncpt ufje,thc games Ctrcenfef were by men in old time folemnized. 
 
 Alfe to Gemusiht guide and diredor of fecret piots,ihey directed an altar in the great Cirque^ 
 Over and befides thefe,this Cirque contained three other altars: one to the Great gods; a fecond 
 f o the Penats; and a third to thole gods of heaven and earth jfrom whom all things irife and havQ 
 iheir beginning. Thefe gods aboveiaid, the Romans called Grw/jPf^^rfjjPrefidentSjand keeper^ 
 of the City. 
 
 Liber ^ Lihera^Ceres, and Pr»ferpi»a, had their Temples about this place called OrcmMax, 
 which P ofihumius whcD he warred againft the Latines,vowed.'and the fame man upon his returnj 
 with happy viflory built and dedicated them accordingly. 
 
 To conclude,in the fame compafs were the Temples of the fun,and o^Flera. 
 
 Moreover, a Temple there flood ocitihisC'rci*j,\ititoFems:wh\ch^.Fabi»sG«rgesthcCo(. 
 caufed to be made of the money raifed upon the fines of certain wives that were condemned fo| 
 playing falfe with their husbands. 
 
 Luctnus dedicated a Temple to ]uve»tus without the great cirque, not far from that pl'f C, 
 k In like forr, Merchry had a Temple near this Orctts lAax. 
 l In 'Pliuies dales ihetc was feen in the Cir^ttt M<«Ar.the image of Fort una Seia^ 
 
 CHAP. XIII. 
 TheNxaaiichy ffthe£;reatCir eine. 
 
 NhuMAchy is a place fo called tn duroQi T*7f yctvffi (Myiomo^t.e, for that in it they ufed to skir- 
 mifli with fliips.For there were places digged deep like ponds,where were reprefented fomc 
 fbe w$ of navall fight.for the exercifc of the Roman youth,that they might know how to charge 
 and aproy the enemy at fea alfo. And ihefe kind of Iports were exhibited and pratStifed not in the 
 cirques only , but alfo in the Amphitheatre?, 
 
 CHAP. XIV. 
 ThttwoObeltskjoftheCilc^zyiSiH, 
 
 THe Obelisk ( as MArcelUms teftificth ) was a very huge and rough fione rifing like a fpire ot 
 ^ broch,by little and litcletoamighty.height: and that it might refemble a ray or fun-beam,ic 
 ^grpwcthfmallerandfmallerinfafhionofalleeple, with four fides or edges, and in the top it is 
 vety narrowband there made pkin and fmooth right aitificially.In moftof them are engraven and 
 c*t certain Hieroglyphicknotes, and namely, inch as teftifie either the founder thereof, orellc 
 other memorable matters. Of thefe figures andcharafters, the fame M<!rc(f///>«jfpeaketh in this 
 wire.-Moreovcr the infinite variety ot forms and chara6fers,cailed Hicroglyphicks which all abouc 
 we fee enj,raven,the ancientauthority of the firtt learning did fet forth and mark fo. Thus much 
 faith he.Now they drew and portraied therein fundry forms and fhapes of living beads and birds, 
 «nd oftentime? dtvifed new and flran^crefemblances, whereby they referved and kept for theic 
 pofterity whacfoever was memorable and worth remembrance. This manntr continued not in 
 JE^jft onlyj but alfo in other parts of the world, untill fuch time as letters were tourd : and then 
 chis was given over. At the firrt one letter implied a whole word, and one word went for a whole 
 fcnt ence,But hereof ye fhal find much in authors that have written of thefe charaifers.Mcreover, 
 is /% witneflcih, thefe Obelisks were made of the RoKSimithtf, Them they erefted and 
 
 coafecratec?
 
 Tbe TopGgrdfhy of Rome* i loi 
 
 confecrated to thcgods,and principally co the Sun : and therefore in hev\ing and cutting them, 
 they refcmbled the Tun-beanis,as we faid before.The firft that ever deviled thel'e Obelisks,was K, 
 Methr-;. At Rme were none of the(e Obelisks wrought and cut out, but broughr thither from 
 other parts, and fo for beautifull iliew and to wonder at were erefted. Therefore in the Cirque a- 
 torefaid, called ,!/.i*,«i//j,two Obelisks werefeen, one Oandingupright aloft Sofoot high : the 
 otherlying along inthe A''<j«/«^r/;;; it carried in length a hundred and thirty foot and 8 inches, 
 behdesthebaieorfootftall, whiih >4Af.^«/if«/tranflated to RomeoMioi Hicrspo/tj^a Cky oityE- 
 fffpt •■ but when he would have fet it up on end, it fell down and brake in twain. This was hewn 
 out of the country ,hy King S^mrtefieieHSy in whoferaign Pythagoras was in t/Eppr. 
 
 CHAP. XV. 
 The arch o/Sertinius <« the Ci>qft. Ihe pl.<ce of the Tttberoes in ths Orqne.The [tcws^tbe houfe 
 
 ofPompey.^Md the fountain of ]inataa . 
 
 SEriinius hav ino made conpueft of Sp.iin , brought great ilore of money into the City chamber : 
 .ir.d ofthefpoils tjkenfromenemies he reared two arches ; the one in the heart -marker, called 
 toiiiM (oa.!nm ; ilie other in che great fliew-placC; named Circus Maximns. M^on chefe arthfej he 
 fct golden ima^e^ .and other ornaments to beautifie them. 
 
 Tilt- houfe and f.imi y of the Hclii was none of the wealthieft, but yet ofgreatcrcdit and efti- 
 fili;natton Aith the Romans. Among whom there was fo great concord & unity ,that \6 ofthent 
 at ore lime d -veit ,ind .igreed well together in one and the fame houfe.For their (ngular prowefs 
 i^A worchy aitj they were allowed by the Senat and people oi tiome a fcafteid by ttiemfelves in 
 ali il.ellieA-placesand Theatres,to behold all lights and malleriesofadivity. 
 
 Aboiu the ( ircus M.ixi»;i(s flood theflews and brothel-houfes, where lometimes harlots and 
 naughty-packs kept.ln.h as made profell'ionofwhordom, But this place was atierwsrds laid eun 
 vyir'ti the ground, and is now avoid pUce. 
 
 The hoofe of Pomp.ius was near the Circus M.t x. & therein was the ftatue of HercuUs ere£led< 
 
 The fonnuin or well of the nympfi J.-itur,;.!^ is yet(as fome think^to be feeuj boiling up in ihe 
 Vd.-.brnin near the common linck or vault called M<i.v/w.r. 
 
 CHAP. XVIj 
 7'/j<rSeptizoniumof Severus^ 
 
 1 Here flioulj follow by cocrfe after the great Cirque, ihefixt part of the City, namely, the 
 mountC flr/;«f.Butbecaufe we meet with the Septiz.ont»m oi Scv^rm & the arch oiCcnftan- 
 r;«c- (before "wecome to c (£//wj)between it and themouni i'.;/rf(»/,f,lomethmg would lirft be fpo- 
 ken of them,efpecially beingfo excellent building asthey a te.TheSf/)//.t5w/;/«w therefore is a migh- 
 ty moi nc or terrace raifed from the plain ground 4 Iquare, compalfed about with fev en articles ,■ 
 that is to lay.coviries of rows o; pillars one above another, yielding as it were as- many porches or 
 gjl erics : and in this order they arc difpofcd.that the higher the pillars liand,the lefl'er and (hor- 
 ter they be. In the midrt hereof four wals arife,containlng within them certain holiow places like 
 cabinets. In the top thereof were bellowed and laid the aflies of King and Emperors deceafed. 
 ^,il,Capitoli»::s nimeih this mount 5f;voi^.',Y7w,torthe Greeks call places much trcqoentedwhere- 
 uuto many waies lead, //f/)fo^/«e ofiTT«t,».(r.feven,and icT©- i.e.i vizy.Phny calleth 'uSiptifutiHm^oi 
 ievcn lotts or foLirs.For in every coutfe thereof the columns meet together in the head with mar- 
 bles tran.'omes. Other beams there be are berides,reaching inward trom them to the mount itfelf, 
 fo as every fiuh courfe yielded a Hage like a gallery or walking place. Two of thefe Stpt:sioyiia wa 
 read there were ac Ro»;e, to wit,iheone of T,r«;intheflrect called r'v; »ot/(j, of right great anti-» 
 c'jity, not far from ihisoi Sever us: of which at this^day there is to beleen no ("hew or token at 
 all. The other of >s>w>-;/^,\v hereof there remain (i ill ouer againllS.GriCc:-''',* Church 3 Zones ot 
 i;irdles(as it were) of curious work; for the beauty a»d Ifatclines of the pillars worth the feeing, 
 rndplcafanu to behold. Reared it was in the broad lireet called ^/jp'^ard built by 5w«rwhimfclf.- 
 That whivh now is left t hereof .leaneth out fo,as it feemeih ever and anon ready to fall. 
 
 CHAP. XVII. 
 Thetrihmphtir.tarchofCon[\:KV\iinztheEmperor. 
 
 THc.e triumphant arches were eiefted for them only, who having fubdued whole Provinces 
 or conquered forrainnations & obtained braueS: fortunate victories jeemed worthy ottri" 
 umph,and thereupon they are called Triumphant art hes. Upon thefe an-hes for the perpetuall and 
 everlafiingmemori:llofai"Vs3tchievcd, were cut andengtaven the ponr.iitures otthe very places 
 where the war was performed ; the rcfemblances of hibrii-ks and ranged battels, if the fervice 
 was on land; andol tliips ii it wc»e at fea.Howbeit,unti!l the time of the Emperors no man railed 
 any arches,andin P//;.-/f.fdaies they began firiUobebuiit: fo as that of 7"/fw is of all others moll 
 3 nc lent .For before their 2ge,rnly (lamesard trophies were fet np.Dut inprocefs oftimetollow- 
 ioj.many of thefe atvhcs were raifed: amongwhich, that of Cowy?/:;;r.;;f isto befeenabove thi 
 iell,j t the corner of the mount Palatine^nsar the Theatre,beauiilied with triumphall ornaments, 
 
 and
 
 JIQ2 The Tofografhy of B.ome. 
 
 and retnaineth at this day in a manner found and whole without any hurt. This arch Con(iaKtiKe 
 erefted for himfelf,upon the viflory which he obtained over Maxenitm at the bridg M,Ivihs. 
 
 CHAP. XVIII. 
 Coelius f/jf wowwfj <?«^ Ccrliolus. 
 
 THemount Calius io old time was named QuenjHctHlaHtUtiot the number of oaks there grow- 
 ing : but afterwards it was To called of one Calnu Ftkenyius^i. Duke of the Tufcan nation,-,un> 
 to whom the Romans granted a place in that mountain to inhabit. For when as the Tufcan peo- 
 ple-,by reafon of their multitude, and the firong fenced places whith they held, werefufpe6led, 
 commanded they were to remove into a Hreet which ofthemlelves vvasnimed T^»/iri«.Butfuch 
 as were without fufpition, kept the WxWCalio'.M or CccUcolm^ t.e, the little rofZ/ia ; a place where 
 fometime the goddefs Diana was worfhippad : and ?.t this day there itsndeth the Church cotife- 
 crated to S.Ei'.j;>^f///?^ the virgin. This mountain afterwards by 7»^fn«<wasnamed u^i^i^fitis, 
 
 CHAP. XIX. 
 TtheTttfjples ef¥3Vm5, Venus, a>7dCvi[>\d: the Court HolW'ln: the forrain camf' the honfeofthe 
 Larera>js: the Tdace e/Conllantine>/«;7<i Cjeforianus : the horjerKAn ftatiit e/L.Vefrius. 
 
 VPon the ridg or fide of the mount Coflms there flandeth a round Church , now patronized by 
 S.StcpkcK^ but hallowed and confccrated in times pafi to Tphkus. Faufius be was called,^ ^ 
 ctovTii, for that he foretold things to co^ne by voice and not by figns. The Albans in old time inha- • 
 Lited that pare o\ the hill,vvhere at this day the Church (lands ofS. Mary Domiwck, 
 
 In the hill Calius fiood fometimes the Temples oif^'enns and Cufid-, not far from thegateiV<«- 
 w<j .where now is the Church of the holy Crofs in HiemfaUm. 
 
 The Court //'y?(//<« was in two places of ivowf, the one in the common Forum., hard by the 
 Temple of Peace^ where King HoftiUus firft dwelt, the other in that place, where afterwards the 
 Church ofS.John and S.Paul was builr. 
 
 A place there was in the mountfarZ/wj called Caflra Vere^rivia^ toward the Norcbeaft and the 
 Ff:iH!L£, where at this time the Church of the four crowned Saints is frequented. 
 
 The honfe of the Laterans alfo was built upon the fame mounr.at the Palace or ftately Hall of 
 tbeLaterans. ' p' 
 
 The Palace ofFl.ivitfs Co^ifiantitiusTiZZT the houfe of the LateranSjflQod between the gates C<t- 
 limonta'Jtis and Cjatiuf.!, 
 
 The Palace oiCdfananus was built at the gate N£vu!yS^x\d the Church o{ S.Jhlf- crofs id Hieru- 
 f-.lem. ' ' 
 
 In the i\ reet called LaterMenJSs fiood the fiatue on horfeback of L.r.m»;.Some fay it was njade 
 for Af.Aurelins ^-intoniustOlhtrs^j^ot Seftitwus Stverus, 
 
 CHAP. XX. 
 
 Of f/j<? Amphitheatres, <jK^j?r/? of that o/StatiliusTauras. 
 
 Now it followeth to fpeak of the Amphitheatre oiStatilitts Tuy.rus^t. before we write there- 
 of, it would be briefly fliewed what an Amphitheatre is. Now th\s woid Aniphitheatrum 
 Cometh jiii Ta.iJL^i,)^5ic'^tici,t, /.f.of looking round about: for two profpeifts joy ned in one» make 
 the form of ^n hemifphere or half cirde.Some think,that Titus devifed the Amphitheatre firft,but 
 ibme avow and proveihat C. Cxfir built the fird that ever was in Mars field : but by the authority 
 of Suetoniush is proved.that Siatilius rened one Amphitheatre before Titui. 
 
 In thefe Amphitheatres were prizes and rewards propounded to them that would fight with 
 bealls. Condemned perlons like wile yielded there to the eyes of men a horrible and fcarfull fight 
 to bchold,for thither were thofeprifoners brought by the LiitorSj within that endofurc to wre- 
 flle and maintain conflift with wild bealls. 
 
 Moreover, the Emperors before they took their journey to any war or expedition, exhibited 
 unto the people in thefe Amphitheatre? l"hews o'' fword-fencers at the fliarp for Hfe and death, to 
 the end, that the fouldiers Hiould be acquainted with fight, and learn not to be affraid of wea- 
 pons ,ofwounds,no,nor of bloudfhed, nortodraw back and avoid the perils ofwartocome,fof 
 the novelty and (I rangenefs thereof. A great pjrt oi Stati/mshis An7fhnhe4itrun7ii% yet tobefecn 
 rear the walsat S,Crojfes Church in Hierufalent. And atthefametimehe built it,when yiufuflus 
 Cafar encouraged and exhprted the Citizens oiRome^ every man according to his ability to beau- 
 lifie and adorn the City, 
 
 CHAP. XXI. 
 
 The rvater co/iduits why they rvere devif.dj hy what meam Tvaters. were conveyed into the Ct'tyy 
 to Tvhnt purfofe-) by whomfirfi^atd h»rv many, 
 
 ■WiiCtty o^Rome inthc beginningjas hath been faidin the firft book,was but narrow of com- 
 pafsjand contained wuhinfmall bounds: and the people for commodity and fiorc of water, 
 
 fetlcd 
 
 ,1
 
 . The Topography of Rome. 1 1 o 5 
 
 fetlcd upon the river Tyl>er. But as the city daily more and mere cncreafed, Eeccflary it was thar 
 fome fliould build them houfes and habitation in one place, fome in another, farther Jrom the ri- 
 ver: whereupon diUreiledit was for want of water, which was to be fetched fo far off and that 
 with great pain and labour : belides,tho!e pistes wbi^h had no current ot running waters to wafl^ 
 away the filthjand carry it into Tyler, became (by the noifome air which was inteded with their 
 loathfome and ftinking rmels)unwholfome and lubjeit many limes to the pclliien..e. Prince Ncr- 
 f<«thcretore(theEmperor)uBdertooktoredrefs anci remedy thi«,mifchie;(and othersafterhim by 
 his example)and devile by the wic and fubtile invention ot mcn,conduit-pipe';,to brine water in- 
 to thole parts of the city whii.h otherwile had none.Ard this verily they d!d iwowai'eSjtheone 
 byarthed workjwhen by digging certain riils or rivulets the water was carried lev el above ground J 
 forced by certain weights,b.Ul8fes,8nd counterpoiles:the other by vaults under the ground :,briD§- 
 iDg water into the city by fecret under- waies through pipes,fpouts,and rocks. By which means it 
 came topars,th»t in the city every where fuch (lore there was of water, that each houfe almoR had 
 a well in it.Buc eipecially ac the bottom and foot of the hill Qjinra'aArvi all the fide thereofjin 
 the ftrcet /'<«nm/>5«i«rr^,iheLatine way.the Avemine the Jews iheet andin many other pla- 
 ces: foas in this outage fullit is offuch water-works under the ground Now were thefe waters 
 coiivcighed from divers places, and fome conduits efpeciajly, luch as weredevifed by arches were 
 higher or low:er than other. Ip the beginning and all the former times,therc wcref by report)five 
 heights or depths : Thchigheflofall was new ^mo; next, the waters C//»«^,i«; in the third place 
 the water J«//4j 7V^«/>t in the forrth ; then /l'/<ir/«.T, and afterit old v^wo, the levell or current 
 whereof, f^<r_;f o followeth and ^ppia^ and the io welt of a 11 others, ^/fietintt, which ferves that 
 quarter of the city beyond Ty^rr,and othcrlow places built upon the plain. Thee waters were firlt 
 brought into certain great conduit-beads, and from thence they were by a certain meafure diHii- 
 buted by the conduit officcr.andfo ran into places appomted. Now that great conduit-head was 
 clllcd Cajhlihot, which receiveth firft thecommon water, and afterwards fendeth it out intodi- 
 vers and fundry partsrand the keeper or officer that overfeeth it is named C>ijieM.irins.i:hcxs. neiz 
 befideslevell or above ground certainciffern^or receptacles of water, which kept watertoferve 
 curricrs,fullers,and other fuch artificers for their neceflary ufe.Ovcrthefc waters were appointed 
 certain wardens and keepers,and a fet number of labourers and workmen to fee thereto. Finally, a 
 grievous puoifhment was to be inflifted upon them that either marred and hurt theconduii- 
 heads,or derived and conveyed water to other places than the laws or publike ordinances, orthe 
 Ccnfors or ifidiles permitted ; or took more water than at the firlf was allowed them. Jppins 
 ClaH(iittj(by Kpoitjwistiit firft man that brought water into the city by arched work.But ofthe 
 Roman waiers,of thcconduits,and othermatters ordained thereabout,of the manner of convey- 
 ancejthe inflxuments,meafures,and weights thereto belonging ,read Fr»«fi««^,whoofthefe things 
 hath written truly and at large. Alfo have recourfe to Sex.R(tfns,who of the fame argument hath' 
 njade a good treatile. In the time o( Frentinffs there were but nine waters and no more brought 
 into the City, namely, y4yp'a,o\d A»w^Martia^Tt!puU.]uliail'''trgo,Alftet<tna.,i:i\.\ed alfo Aagtifta., 
 CUiidiatZad new ^«io.^»/«/reckoneth teninote,whercby it appearechjthathe wrote long after 
 TrtntinuJ, 
 
 CHAP. XXII, 
 The conduit or eonveyance of hc\X\li Ciaddij. 
 
 C^/<^»/4 began two conduits,but left them unfinifhcd when he A\tA,CUudtnsihe Emperor of 
 famous n3emory,took them in hand again, and in moft magnificent manner made an end. To 
 the one of them,namely,which beginning at thefources or fprings called r<«r>/ /«,f and C«rf;W,was 
 drawn to the City,he guc the name A<jn* Claudia: the other,for differencefake ofthe twocon- 
 duits of y4«<V he called his own.or the new >^/r/<;; anddirtinii it was from thu which is named 
 ojd >*«»». The water C/4»ii^/4 therefore was brought from the ^ate .Yxz-ia^ along the fide ofthe 
 mouM CaltHS into the Avcmtne.K part alfo thereof CfiracA'U derived into the CapitoU hill. 
 
 CHAP, XXIII. 
 
 Ofthofe things which now in mount Coelius are n$t k>iown where thejjiood. 
 
 B i?«/M/ the Conful hiving expelled T'/<rf«fM^, built a Temple to the goddefs C.itrnA in mount 
 Coelttts^\.o which goddefs alfo.upon theaccomplifhment of his prayer and vow, he offered fa- 
 aificc.They in old time fuppofed that Qie had power over the vitall members ofthe body. and to 
 her tuition they committed thofc parts, and that flie (liould preferve them fafe, they did facrifice 
 vpon her altars,and prcfented oblations. 
 
 A qrifpina likewile began to build a Temple to CU-jdms Crf/.ir, which after her d eath T^ejpajiaa 
 £nifhed and Nero utterly deftroyed to the very foundation.ihis alfo was ere(5fedinthe fame hill. 
 Mamurra F<>r*»M«»/,Mafler»fC<»/4r/ Carpenters in F)%f;7«>was the firft Roman that adorned 
 atid fet out his houfc which he had in Calins hill with marble rough-cafi. Moreover, the houfe of 
 C/i««<i/HfCtf»f/w.i/// flood upon the faid hill. Alfo the houie oi thiTttrttui, who were two ofthe 
 thirty tyrants. Likewile the houfe of J«»/«f Senator,wherein.whcn as all other edifices and buil* 
 dings upon that mountain were confumcd with fire ,the image of T/^fW«/ remained unhurt.Therc 
 alio it is faid of Titus Claudius Chftus-, the maker of hymns. In this hill was the great M^ccllifUy 
 ihecave or den of Cyf/#p/)thc SpoliariHrnytDd the armory. 
 
 Bbbbb CHAP.
 
 ^jo4 ^^^ Tofografhy o/Romc. 
 
 CHAP. XXIV. 
 The weties Appiaj«<«/JN»va.r/)* Ttmfles ofIfis,Vercue,Honour, Quirinus #r 
 
 M.zlS,andthe river h^isio. 
 
 . en: 3; , 
 
 K low follow tbofe places which are worth the remembrance upbb the hill Calius toward th« 
 ^^u4ze»tiite. And therefore the way or ftreet called jippiawe meet with firfl,which taking the 
 beoinnino from the arch of Co«^4»t/»f, reacheth as far as Brrndtijium: and becaufe afterwards it 
 was paved and repaired by Caracalla,k took the name of Novaji.esht new caufey. But that which 
 properly is called Nom beginneth at the gate oiPaUttne-, and along the f«ot of the Palatine hill, 
 over thegreat Cirque eallcd yW<?.v/>?««j-,ftretcI»eth out as far as to the loweft fi{h-pool,where now 
 ftandeth the Church of S.5«A:r«/.Many other ftreeis there were,called Novs. Take heed therefore 
 that in their names you be not deceived, and left ye think that to be fpoken of one, which often- 
 times was meant ol many. . r I • L • ■ 
 
 Betweenthc Church of 5ii.vf«MheFiln-pools,and the ruins of the Antoman baiDS,iherc was 
 the Chcrch of Ifis AKtemdoricHy built by Amonius Bajfianus. " -.^' ^•; 
 
 TbeTempleof Homur and Tf rt«^, not far from the ftreet j4fpi<t^ was vowed by the father o£ 
 Marcus Marselins at Claftidium in G/r«/; and fcventeen years after dedicated by his fun Aittr- 
 cellus. 
 
 Two Temples there were of M*rs.ont called the Temple o^QuirinHs within the City,near to 
 the gate of th at name, the other upon the way AfftA without the City. 
 
 The river Atmo runneth along the way Affin^ under the foot of the Ave»tiue into the Tyter, 
 It beoinneth ten miles from the City in the territory Martmrn ; which commonly afterwards 
 they called the river of ^ppw.In this river thegoddcfs named the mother ofthc gods, was every 
 year wont to be wafiied by her Priefts, called Ga'//. 
 
 CHAP. XXV. /'"""'S- 
 
 Of baths and bains in gentr all, , . 
 
 TJJermt properly hath the fignification from a Greek word,6«f|ix3i» .which bctokeneth hot.Buc 
 we ufe to call thofe places which either having hot waters,or without them arc heat with a 
 flouph jappointed either to wafh and bath,or to fweat.by the Greek name ThermA.Th».t the Ro- 
 mans ufed in old to bath and wafh thcmfelves oftncr than we now adaics; istcftificdby many 
 and divers authorities of writers : and for fundry caufes they were wont fo to do [as yet the man- 
 ner is amongftus] namely ,to fcour away fweat,or to wafli duft ofF,in like fort for health and plct- 
 fure: whereby itcame to pafsjthat every man, if he were but of mean wealth, had inamanncr a 
 privatbathorhot-houle by himfelf: but the fame were devifed and contrived after divers and 
 fundry forts. For many publike baths there vsrere ordained for the common people to ufe at their 
 pleafure.5irrt'.0r/sf<j invented 6rft and made the pendanc or hanging baths. But after that riot and 
 fnperfluity abounded in cxcefs, the bathing boufes were built with wonderfull cofl and magnifi- 
 cence, fo as they feemed to keep no mean nor meafure:as appeareih by the very rcliques and ruins 
 thereof at this day. And thofe places where they built thefe bains and hot-houfes they called Ther- 
 m& • which contained within them divers places,and an infinit number of roomes,bearing fundry 
 narnes, and ferving to as many ufcs. For fome were appointed to heat water ( and thofe were 
 round built ) from whence hot water was let into the bains, not to them bnly that were on the 
 oround beneath,but al'.o to thofe which were pendant and hanging aloft: vvhich water after they 
 liad done wafhing being foul and good for nothing was conveyed by certain pipes and fpouts in- 
 to finks.They had other rooms alfo called Apoditeria, wherein they that were to go into the bath 
 put off their deaths and laid them by. In the fame places were court-yards, having about them ■ 
 mofl fpacious porches or doifters, built with arched and embowed roofs moft ftately ; wherein 
 were marble pillars.garnifhed with divers and fundry colours. In like manner pavements of ftone, 
 and walls feeled and hung with marble tables. Alfo dofe walking galleries.groves,and fwimming 
 places, all for the pleafure and contentment of the people, where they might refrcfti and folace 
 themfelves. Thefe delights fo drew and allured mens minds^as that they would wafh oftentimes 
 inoneday, yea, and in thefe bains the Princes were wont to fup and bath with other pcrfoD» 
 whofoever,as it fell out.They had befides private baths to thcmfelves moft fumptuoufly built,aDd 
 gorgcoufly fet out. And namely, AntonitiHsCarAcalUy at his own charges edified certain baths, 
 which by his name were called Therms Anto»i/:a.Jbt huge ruins thereof are yet to be feen :fome 
 ofthepillarsftill ftand, others are thrown down. Some fay,they were begun only by Antenirtust 
 but finifhed and adorned by Severus. They flood about the foot of the Aventine^neir the ftreet* 
 way leading to Ar^e.',where now is the Church of S.BalbiMa.Undet thefe baths there flood a moft 
 goodly Palace, boilt by the fame hntemnus, but at this day there is fcarce any example or fhew 
 thereof. 
 
 Thi 
 
 I
 
 The Topography o/Rome. 1105 
 
 The fifth BooJ^ 
 
 CHAP. I. 
 The Etymology of the mount Aventine. 
 
 THe Aventine Is of the Roman, hiis the fourth in order. The compafs and form whereof, 
 becaule we have already deUribed m the firft book5needlels here it is to repeat.But it re- 
 mainech to declarejhow it came fo called, what Temples of the gods.and what other e- 
 difices be therein. The Aventine therefore, fome think, took the name of birds which 
 were wont to flie nnto this hill,there tonertle: otbers,ofa ' King of the Albans, flain and buried » Avemmml 
 there. There be again who fuppofc, that the Sabins, who being by the Romans cnfranchifed Citi- 
 zenSjthere letled and made abode. gave the name to this hill oijivantes^z river in their Province. 
 T^^rro affirmeth that it was fo called of a ferriage:For as it hath been faid a litile before,this mount 
 was divided from the rcfi,and from the City by certain lakes and the T>^fr,whereuponjthey that 
 would go to it ufedtoferry over in fmall punts or wherries.Somc guels,ihat it came to have that 
 xv»me of rcfort umoit.for that theLatines ufed in great frequency to repair unco the holy Tem- 
 ple oi Diana there. RemHnus alfo it was named of Remns who chofe a place in the top thereof to 
 fitjfor to take the flight of birds for Augury,aDd in the end was there enterred : Romulus therefore 
 commanded that it fhould not be inhabited, becaufe he would have had it wholly confecrated to 
 his brother.This hill Anc:<} Mamas afterward compafled with a walUnd granted leave to as ma- 
 ny a s would there to dwell : howfoever,there be fome that think it Hood void untill the time of 
 CUi4(iiHs\!aQ. Emperor of happy memory, as being an ominous place and iinfortunat, by reafon of 
 foul birds that hanted it, and therefore not to be received withinchewals.But the truth iSjWhea 
 the Romans grew populous,they joyned this mountain alfo to the left of the City. 
 
 CHAP. II. 
 The Temples of DianajDeabona, Hercules Victor ,.^«ff« Juno, Moneta, Luna,Vi6lory, Minerva, 
 
 and Liberty. Th uiltar 0/ Jupiter Elicius. 
 
 IN the top of mount Ayentine toward the Tjber^ there fiandeth the Church of S. Sttbina-, that 
 very place where aforetime was the holy chappel of D;rf»/»,The feall and holiday of bondflaves 
 was wont to be kept at /Jowfthe thirteenth day of A«/«y?, for upon that day ServiusTulliust 
 whofe mother was a bond- woman, confecrated a Temple to Diana in hventine^ and ordained it 
 to be a feaftival day for bond-fervants,who as yet vvere patronized by I>74».j.Some think that this 
 chappel was built by Yi..K»cut of that money which the Citizens conferred and contributed,who 
 lately had been tranflated thither from Po/iior/ww, ThisTemple was common unto all theLa- 
 tines,whereupon oftentimes they retorted thereunto. 
 
 Very neat unto that place (food the Church of S.Mary^ called Aventina, But intimes pafl the 
 place was confecrated to the goddefs i>cw<i, /,(f .good. For C/t2«^^waveftall virgin or Nun, buiita 
 chappel unto her in the honour of f4f«rt, * fifter of Fannus, a molt chalfe maid, »Oc rather 
 
 Upon the fame bank and brow of the hil,where at this day S.A/<'.v/«iChurch tf andeth,wa3 fome- dau&htcr. 
 time the Temple oi Hercules Conqueror. And near unto it another ofjn>:o Re£i»a,hmk by Camtllut 
 with the pillage got mP^eit. In the ruinat place oiDecins the Emperors bains there was a Temple 
 alio of H^rf«/f/, where theChrilfians afterwards confecrated a Church loS.Pnfca. 
 On the fide of the hventine hill (food the chappel like wile of the M oon,as Ou/Wdoth witnefs. 
 Thus much of thofe buildings in the hventtneyi\\\c\\ had a certain place thereupon in our know- 
 ledge: the relf following weredoubtlefs in the Aw»//»f, but in what part thereof they (l6od,it is 
 unknownalter fo long time,3ndnamely,thc Temple of r.ilory built by the Arcadians,and in ho- 
 nour of whom they offer facrifice yearly. Minerva and J:ino had their Temples there in the fame 
 bill, by the teftimony of approved authors. To Liberty a Temple was built and dedicated by the 
 father of T. Gracchus, with the money taken for fines and forfeitures. The cloilter belonging to 
 that Temple was by i/£lius P<ttus and Cornelius Cethcgus Cenfors repaired and enlarged.and lalt of 
 all by Polite alfo re- cdified.Now \.W\iS.Liberty the Romans honoured above all others,and in de- 
 fence and maintenance theteof,they ever fhewcd themfclves moll refolute and conif ant. 
 
 Upon the fame \\\\\iNuTna reared the altar ot Jupiter Elicius^ fo called abelicitndo^t.e.oiittch.- 
 in" out fecrets and hidden myfteries. 
 
 In like manner there flood an old altar of ^«>-rf4 in that hill.Now they Dzmcdrcnui Murcea,oi 
 the Myrtle tree confecrated unto her ; or as fome interpret,becjulc F^ >?.v/, immoderate and excef- 
 five, maketh amanto be A/urais or Murcid:-s,t.c.{\a^'^i{\i^i\oi\.hiaW\dk.znd good for nothing. 
 The Temple of Juno Moneta was likewife built and dedicated upon that hill. 
 r^wiZ/wtinthe fame mount confecrated a chappel to dame i'^/'ifw.'.?. 
 
 The wood or grove, alfo called Laurentum or L^i«r^«i;>;^xonfecrated unto Jupiter ^ was there: 
 in which Emperor ValentiniAn [ the fecond ] fon ofConfiantine, and Calla P/^jaW/zJ was flain, as 
 Tliny witneffeih, 
 
 Bbbbb 2 CHAP.
 
 11 
 
 o5 The Topography of Rome. 
 
 CHAP. III. 
 Cacus, and hit hole or Cave, 
 
 CAcffi. by report of the Poets, wasth9fonofr«/c^», whom they believed in old time to 
 breath outot his mouth fire and fmoak. This Caeu4 infeftcd the places near unto him with 
 robbinc Mi fpoiling. Bat more probable it is,that he was a moft lewd and theevifh fer vant of £- 
 •yW-r-^and theretorethe Arcadians called him xAA5v,«.f.naught.A cave hehanted,as by very good 
 conjsftiires is certainly githered.in Aventine toward Tyler, over-againtt the Church oiS.MAry 
 ^■Bi?»n«f,whereas the fiver runneth neareft to the hill,and whereas there hangech over a vaft and 
 hnoe craggy rock, as fitaplaceasmight betomakeaftartingholeandcavetorfuchan one, and 
 near it is to the gate Tngemina. Him when //>r<:«/« had killed and facfificed, he reared analtac 
 unto Jupiter Jnventorjazit to the faid cave or den. 
 
 CHAP. nil. 
 
 The hxvnWn^UMm^andfome ether things in general!, 
 
 AKmilnjlrium was a place where fouldiers ftiewcd themfelves and their armor,and where they 
 ufed to mufier ; where aifo in theirarms they facrificed and did fervicc to theirgods, with 
 refounding loud ttumpets.Some would have it to be in the Aventine, oi)\tts in the Cirque Maxf 
 mta: but that matters not much. Hither the fouldiers ufed to repair when they were returned 
 from war, and here they laid up tneirharneft and weapons^ For armor of their own and in their 
 privatcullody theRomans had not, to ufe in the wars: but delivered all up to be kept fafe either 
 in the Arf>nlufinHm,ox the tower or caftle upon the rock Tarpeia. 
 
 In Avsnti»e,r\csi: the Temple of J««9 Repy.a were the Scala Gf»<o«/*,ihat is to fay,a fteep place 
 with a downfall ; where wicked malefaftors ^drawn with acrook^were moft miferably executed 
 and killed. 
 
 There ftood fomctime this hill,near the Temple of Diana, the houfe oiThjUis. 
 
 A part of this mountain was called /Cfwwr?^ ; which i?f»»(« chofe to dwellin: and being there 
 by his brother Romtdm committed to the earth, he gave it his name. 
 
 The Senat and people o^Kome\>nA\. in this mountain, t» the honour ofDeeiuS the fimpfelor, 
 the bjths called Dici.vra and others alionear them, named Va^iana. Moreover, the bains of 7V<i- 
 ;\f;j were in this place, where now the vineyard of Vrancis Alheninus is. 
 
 The av es oiFMmm and Vicm altb were in the Aventine-iii fables tt'^ott.I talus likewife dwelt 
 \Zi\.\\t Aventfne.,3sM,C'Uoitcotdtt\\. 
 
 The Temples and edifices of this hill all in general! were (by report) burnt in the dales of Tihe- 
 r;«//omctime Emperor, 
 
 CHAP. V. 
 The fheard hill-, and other things tfithin that compafs.' 
 
 1'He plain and levell ground between hventine, Tyhr, and theCity wall,hath four fides, but 
 uneven ; in which there rifeth a little hill, commonly called Tefiaeeus. The whole compafs 
 hereof will hardly be meajured with 2coopaces ; the height is about 1 60 foot. It rcfembleth in 
 fhew the form of a gourd; and the ore fide of it which regardeth the 7)'^f>-isbroad«rthan the 
 other.Near to this hill was the glais-makers ftreet(and the potters^alfo the carpenters habitation. 
 And nomandoubteth,but hereupon arofe and grew the mount called 7*f/?*r««j.For in old time, 
 at Ro:'vezv.d elfe where, a<:alio infome places now adaies, much ufeihere was commonly of ear- 
 then vcffe's made by potters: whicbeven by this maybe certainly collected, for thatin A'«>w<»'i 
 diies there were four ' ollcdges or focieties of potters : and thel'e madeof clay not only vcffelsjbut 
 alio the images of the gods,3nd ornaments to beautifie and fet out their Temples : pillars and wals 
 were by potters work iecled in theoutfide, nay, the very dead bodies werebeftowedincophins 
 of baked clay. Since then in fooreatflore of earthen vefiels and potters work, mach of necclTity 
 mulf needs be broken, winih if they had been caft abroad in the corn-field and paRuregroundj," 
 wou'd have made all barren and unfruitful ; again,if they had been thrown into the water ,woHld 
 in time have choakcd up thechancll of the current, and forced the river to fwell and overflow 
 the banks : Ntima therefore commanded this kind of workmen to dwell in one place, and gave 
 order tolling all that wa'^ good for nothing, as filth- riff- raff, and broken^heards into one place : 
 whereupon, inproce!s ottimearofea mount which they called 7>/?<»««j. Among ihefc potters 
 there was a place hallowed to /'^^'/^ Mjrtea,2s we find in fome records. 
 
 CHAP. VI. 
 The Pyramides ; thefcpulchre of C.Cellius, and the garners of the people o/Romc, 
 
 THe Pyrmides weic huge towers four- fquare,rifing up in height; (harp like to 3 flame,whercof 
 they have the name &b' tiTV -yvf «,/.«■. of fire. But Stcfhatms fuppofcth they were fo called, im 
 laf a-vjwVj i.e. of wheat, becaufe into that place where they were ereftcd,wheat was brought out 
 
 of
 
 The Topography of Kome, 1107 
 
 of all v/£'nft ' which made a great dearth otVorn. Thefe at the beginning were reared by the 
 Kings of cy£fxpf thereby to fpend and confumetbtir (upernnous wealth ard iubilane, wi'creof 
 they hadnoulc; 'ortcarle(i if they had gathered good?, andhc pedupadeal ofgoid,(ilver,and 
 other richeSj they Oiould thereby have given o^'.ahonnnto lome tor to lie in wait to take their 
 lives away talfojthat the rommon people (hould not live in idlcnels. Afcervvards,at Rome iike- 
 wife they bertowed tlicir money thereupon, for to make the world wonder, and lo ihcvv their 
 vain-glory. Thtros yet oneot them to be feen, (landing upright at the gate Hofiienfs, endo- 
 fed witiiin awall. Andcommonly iiisfaid that it was tlie monument o, fepulchre of C. Cf/?/w, 
 oneot" the (even Scptemvirsj caWtd Epulones. But £/W*« wouid Teem to prove, that ic was 
 the pl.ice for buriall of the whole Coliedg and Society of thofeScptemvirs£p«/o«f^. Now were 
 they called Epuioaes-,viho had the power to ordain and make fealls and folemn bankets to the 
 god?. 
 
 U 13 written, that there were i40garDersofthe people of ^jw^, bet ween the mount 7*f/?rf<re«( 
 
 and Tyhre, 
 
 In thefime compiCs of ground near Tyher was the lake of pool Hyleymt. 
 
 Somealfo a tfirm^that there flood fometime in that quarter a little town called C^fena, 
 
 CHAP. VII. 
 Thefwctttifn^fieefle^ aad the tmage of Jupiter. 
 
 B Ycoutfe the E/^«.7/<e}bonld next tollow; butbecaufeit lieth between the way Lahicar.aon 
 ir.eSouthealtiide, and tlie valley (which for the breidthoi 400 toot en^;oieth that way) on 
 the Weft; we w-.U rchearle what memorable things foever there be in the Labican way and the val- 
 ley 3*oreUid before we come to the mount Efqt'Jia. In our return therefore to the triumpball 
 arch o' C9«/?4»f/>^^5whereor we ipake before, we will as we go difcourfecf the refi .Nejr then onto 
 this arch there appeareth thehalfriindleor circumference ot an old (leeple made ot brick, which 
 F/^arcalleth the fweating fteeple : for that the report goeth, how /omctime there guflied water 
 out of it ; whereby the.ommon people, ftanding to behold the games and plaies in the nextfcaf- 
 fokis of the Theatre untill they were ithirft quenched their drought. 
 
 In the top hereof flood the brazen image oi Jupiter-, becanfe their anceftbrs in old time were 
 wont when they made folemn leagues to u "e the image of Jupiter. But for that it was a trouble 
 either to carry with them or to fend the laid image, elpecially if they were to contraft and erta- 
 blifh any accords in far remote countries, therefore inflead of the compleat image they took the 
 fcepreronly; which might betoken yz/yj/f^r the King of ihegods, as well as if he had been there 
 prefent full and whole. 
 
 CHAP. VIII. 
 The Amphitheatre of Titus Vefpafianus. The Temples of Fortune <?W Quies. 
 
 BEtween ihc two hils CocIim and Ef^uii.^vias there an Amphithc3tre.Thisrfj(^4/r^« built firft, 
 ind *i t et kvard TUm his Ion dedicated and beautified it with the bains, built near unto It w ith 
 , right gteat celerity and fpeed.This Amphitheatre was commonly c died Colojf euWiOi' Nero' fCallof- 
 ftu., which was fet up in the porch of /Wr^'j lioufc. In the fame place of the Theatre were the 
 poolesbeforetime of A''«o,whereofwc willfpeakhereai'tcr inihis very bosk. This Jmphjthe.t- 
 trum they called aUo Aroia^i.e. the ^^w^^/Z^^r; becanfe the ground wjss fprcad over anJ hid with 
 fand that the wrefilers might fail fofter and take lefs l.urt .affo ti, .t the bloud (hould be drunk up, 
 10 the end that the fwoid-fencers in combat might not be affr id upon the fight f hereof, and fo 
 with lefs cheariulnefsand courage fet upon their concnrrert- and laH of all, chat the hampioos, ^ 
 whofe bodies were anointed with oyl,being beflre wed with the fand, might with more eafe take 
 hold oneofanother.The whole Theatre and place it felt within Cwhich during rhofe dales of the 
 games was covered over with tcnt-cloath) would receive 8ocoo men. But hereof fee more in 
 FUny.,Porripo.Hi Latia, and ottict writers of the Roman iSiS. 
 
 t'ulvtHs f/rffiff« built unto Forr«»f Cfaft by this Amphiiheatrejfo goodly a Temp!e,as forftate 
 and mci.gnih.-en.ie there was hardly another in all iJswt comparable unto it. Behdes itjthere were 
 many othtTchappels at Rome conl'ecrated to Fortune. 
 
 Likcwife a Chappcll of Ottianefs and refl was built in the broad flreet Lahkan^t. 
 
 CHAP. IX. 
 Of Efquilis. 
 
 T He mount Ef^mlu^t well by rkrroasoihers is divided into many patts^and each psrt there- 
 of took name <->( thofecaptains who in time.-ipaft, before theCityof Ro;«rwasbniit, there 
 in'-ibited. Forocc wis called C»^«»«, another, Opp,/«^,ard a third ,5f;if»>«. But hereof /^'.irvtfwri- 
 tet^ -ilar^^i.ThepoflerityfoliuwiDg changed thoK. names, as wc fhsll hereafter he?i. Somethink 
 that '.fqutlit, f^ok the name ol'_£.\r«^ <,/.!?. watch and »vard.For when RnmuhKhiA no verycreat 
 irjia inTatt i^hc o'ed tc have aftanding watch b,- night/or fear he fhould be .cCtetlyforlaied srd 
 ki .djOr '^Ifernrncc out of hiskingdom.Othcrsfuppofc it was fo named of {oulcrs,who there ufed 
 tocaft forth chaff, andfuch refufc oflighccorn, to beguile and catch the poor birds. 
 
 Bbbbb 3 The
 
 ^,o8 The Topografhy of Rome. 
 
 The fide ot the hiil toward the broad way hA'ica^a^wbkb lieth becweec the Churche? of the 
 AC mui\tso( S.Clement, S.Peter'wif^incHlu-, »nd S.yl/<ir//K. wascaiied'i' _v thenaineofc.:?-;** as 
 L'vy leemeth to tertifie.From that part theretore,becauie it was firli iDhibusd,we ftiall do well to 
 beein our treatife. 
 
 "•D" 
 
 CHAP. X. 
 
 TheCn'iax, heoidCvidi andthenew. 
 
 THefe Ct?>;Vif,accordiDg to their model and form werehoufes like to keels offhips, nar.ding 
 within the 1 emplc ot Tellus. Their ruins are yet to be feen near the Church o; S, Teur in 
 "r;Kf«/«,;.£. in bonds. 
 
 Near to that place was the old Curia built by Rentulus : bnt the new was creeled near to Com- 
 ptnm f>zhtct({m,(.e.tnc Quarrefour or trofs way ot Fahtctuj. .7 si5;:- 
 
 CHAP. XI. 
 T'he bains if TilMS WPhilip ; theflaue c/Laor oon ; the Palace «/Vefpafian ; the hmfss 
 
 of Balbinus a>td Pompey. 
 
 '°T~ Here remain yet to be feen the tokens and prints (as it were) of Titus the Emperors bains, 
 X not far From the Chun. h ot S./W<irr*« in the hiis: for there be great cifterns to recei\e water> 
 whichat this day be called Stpem S.iU, accotdingto thenumiber ofthofccilterns: andfofar 
 rea hed the home ot iVtri?,^al ed J^nrfa.-.e.g'Aden, 
 N ot far from thence in the yeai ot our Lord i 506, one Fcelix a Citiztn of ^o»3^5chanced to find 
 intiis vineyard thelistiieof L.-ocm-.- m^de by thole excellent workmeiij/^j-./W^r Po/y^ )«x,and 
 yithenodoras^'Rtiod'iiTM who with wonderful cunning portraied and cut mod sr'ificiajiy inoneinr 
 tire i\oat,Lao:oo/i himlelt.his children and the admirable windings and toidings 01 the icrpe-rts a- 
 bouc them. And now at this day is to be feen at the Vatican, in the psla^e oif^efpafi^ ■/), near the 
 faidbainsof 7rf«j. Seemoreoftliisyou may in Piny. Asfortheftory icfelf, moR leirniedly and 
 lively it is fet out by ^'^n^tl; and there to be read. Behind theie bains of Thus between Ealt and 
 North the ruins of others behdes are thought vejily to be tho!e of /'^/AptheEmptrnr. 
 
 Above the bains ot Tttus, fomefet HAdr:an>h3\a$ ; for that this place is yet called H-idnanelutJ 
 By the teltimony of Lampridius itappeareth rhat Balhinu^ his hoofe was 'iaCari»». There alio 
 was Powp^ihouiejin which Lenttusb'is freed- iervant taught ^rammer. 
 
 CHAP. XIT, 
 
 Ti:ff/'jfVirbius,f^f/M«/f,;/ServiusTullius>/.ff^»/^.«o^<?/'Nero,rf»flfrW of Virgil. Mecasnas^'i 
 totper and hortjards j the Temples o/Foriune a>3d Felicity. 
 
 T Hat part of the EftjuHia wbkh overlooketh the Chun h of S.Lauyenre'iaFontaKa, is nami^d 
 ClivH) Virhi s i there alio is the grove F^gutalis^ wh>.reiD rtood the manhon houfe 01 :>etviut 
 
 Tullius, 
 
 N:roi honre,called Golden took up all that fpar e,whith from that quarter whe.ein now Saint 
 Grf (To>-(f/ Church llardeth, lay between ro«y?<zw/«fxar h, thxColofe »»,thc( &ri*<i tf^itd'a und 
 Me'ctciai honyards. His houfe before Was in his own fire wherewith he burnt the City lonumcd 
 alfo: and when he re edified it anew he called it v^«re.^.The fpacious la r^enefs whereof wa^ .u h, 
 ihat it had about it three porches of a mile compafs apiece. It contained aifo apooliikeanottier 
 ♦ fe*: willed it was about and re'embled a very City. There were to it belonging holts ^rd hdm- 
 iets country -like,vineyards paflures,woods-,andbealis both tame and wild o^aiiiorts.T choufc 
 and the porches were double guilded all over,and fet out with precious liones. And in one word 
 there was nothing wantirgthat might ferve for pleafure or prodigall riot. 
 
 In the entry otthis houle there Hood an hugeima^e giant-like,called iColojfus.i 20 foot high. 
 Alter ATfro'i death, dedicated it was to the fun, and then changed the name. Now men think it 
 was called Co/o/«/ after his name who was thcfirft devifer of all fuch ftatues. 
 
 Within the fame houieATfr-oinJudedalfo thechappellof F(7rt«;;».This goddefsbeinatnndeof 
 ibti\ox\<iPhe>7gites., when all the doors were fhut, gavelight to the whole houfe within: fuch 
 raies of radiant brightnefs cafteth this kind of ftone from it. This goddefs Strvms TuHus fiid cow 
 ' fecrated,and of Seqetcs /.f.ftandirgcorn,called her Seia. 
 
 At the bain"; of D ■aclefuw. there is a ftreet-way leading up to S.Antonies Church in Efqf-iUtty 
 wherettood fometimea moll nobletowerofyJifr<cvM within his ownhortyard'-: for '•hole moft 
 pieafant hortyard^wereiniheplain o\ E[qti':l x, Hcre-within was /^r/^/^wj wcrlbipped: upon 
 which ill-t'avored Idol F".r_^;/h3thpbied muv.h in ver'e. 
 
 Near the hortyards of Ahce-M (^ood the faid Virr.L houfe. 
 
 Tne Temple of Fdicity^ which took up a pare of that plot where Nero's Gold-houfe fbould 
 ftand was by him burnt. 
 
 Above thofe girricn'; or borrvrdsof ■^'r<e'\w was ralfed a wonderful piece of work, called 
 jAggires Tarqumti Sufci l>/, i.e. i iircjmmm buiW Uiks. 
 
 CHAP.
 
 The Topography of RomQ. nop 
 
 CHAP. XIII. 
 
 The Paiace of S'lfiminas i the plain aid market pUce of EfqaiWx ', f/»<rfrotv Qiierquetulanus; alfa 
 thntof^aao Lacinia,<i»^ 0/ Marsi the ch.tppeil and altar of Ill-hortune. 
 
 THe palace of Stfiminus ia tf^uili&J\ooii (as they fay) where the Church of StMary the grea- 
 ter DOW is. . . 
 
 The plain or field Ef^fitlins,nc3t the tower of y^^cf»4f (called /»:er mDntes)i. .zmong the hils,is 
 between the forefaid buiwarks and the City wall. This plot otgiound was n times p.iu cailed Fo- 
 cului ; becaufe dead bodies were therein burnt. But when the (fioi^ingUcjin thereof was noiloin 
 to the City, the Citizens and A..^i:{ltt5(. dfir by agenerall confent gave the field unto '^icaKot^ 
 where he made his goodly hortyards and molf dainty gardens.Of which Dff/o,with»,:het,,pea- 
 keih much. 
 
 In like manner, the market place Efquiluium was in the fame hill. 
 
 That lide of the tf.jHilu which lookcth toward thegrove QuerqHethUHtis had in ic the grove 
 
 of Juno Lf.ci^ta. 
 
 In the famt Efqtulr<z wiS the chappcl and altar o'i IH-Fortuiie. 
 
 In the way which goeth to the g te J>neraggcrisje.\ta in the very bulwarks or rampier.s of T^r- 
 quiiilus Wood the arch of Gordun made of marble,- girtjilTied alfo and ;et out with ornaments of 
 triumph. Of the ruins thereof was S. Gregoriei Church in DAmafm built, 
 
 CHAP. XIV. 
 
 The c/.;j^Suburranus ; the arch of Calienus •" thejhdmUc's arflifh-mtirket of Liviajsri Oifomt rvould 
 
 l.Ave /f jLivianum i the ?ri,ufline vaj^ aadthe Trophees of Marius. 
 
 ,: . b'>- 
 
 AT the top or upper end of Subnrra was the Clii)us SHburranHsSo called of Jw^^rr^jyielding 
 an calie aftent from thence up into the Ef/jhili*. 
 Anon you meet with the triumphal arch of (7tf/r<f« the Emperor( where now ftandeth theChurch 
 cf SJ'^''»0 making a goodly fnew of the Tiburtineflone, whereof ic was made. Near unco it was 
 thefhamblesormarket-placeicalied ^acelfum LivaozLiviamm. This, as fomethink,tookthe 
 name of one Mactllus; who being a notorious thief, and praftifing much to Iteal into the City, 
 was in the end apprehended^and by the Cenfors condemned; and hishoufe being feized asconfif- 
 cat to the City was converted to a place wherein they fo'd meat and all other victuals ; and fo ic 
 kept liili the name (as is faid) oi Aiacellttm. Some are of opinionjihat the faid houfe was pulled 
 down,and anotherbuilt in the ruins thereof,which retained the name fiill of the former. 
 
 From hence beginneth the pert-way Pr<c«f/?;>rd,and leadeth to the s,ne Ef^mlina. 
 
 In this way you Qiall meet on the right hand with a huge bank of brickhah ruinatjupon which 
 vvereerci"ted two Trophies pf marble ; ibatis to fay,certain poHs[ like^-.i;<fm]ftanding upright 
 with fpoils ofenemies hanging thereupon 5 and they reijembled men that were taken prifoners.Ic 
 is faid, ihit thefe Trophees were fee up by Manuj in his triumph for the Cimbrian war : which 
 when Syl/a had cafl down and overthrown, C. C<ef.ir ( afterwards Dictator ; created again. The 
 place of the inhabitants thereabout,is at this day called Cml;rHm. As touching TropheeSjlook to 
 read more in Plutarchjl^4eriHS AUx.iU^ others, 
 
 CHAP. XV, 
 
 The houfe of the EXn '■ the ch^ppell MarianUm ; theregion or ejuarter c4//<'^Tabernola ; thehainsand 
 
 d'.vellm^ hoafj o/Gordian ; the Palace (7/Caiu3/jWLucius; alfo the P.:/4(ri?Licinianum. 
 
 THe houfe of the t/£/// (food in that place where now be the monuments Mariam and the 
 chappel of that name. 
 
 The pbin pait of the £/^«//;<e,becween it and the mount C4//«/,and the B.ifilica LMtera>ie»Jlsfis 
 at this day called yI/.>«/.)«<j, for /l/.ir;.?;;^ ; and in old time;theregionof T<J^fr»o/<*. 
 
 Near the Churrh of S.Eufebius-, in the wiyof Pr£»efi»ta, was built the bains and habitation of 
 GoidiaMut.Thc ruins of ;hofe hot- houfes are yet to be feen,whereby a man may foon give an elli- 
 mat-how fair;l;ow (lately, and large they wereatfirff. 
 
 Eetween the gates Ef^uUina and Ndvia, not far from the walls, there be to be feen certain no- 
 table ruins : this they commonly call,fhe bains of G^lutius. But in that place {lood, in old time, 
 that beaiititul and f>;mous palace which Cafar ereffed under the name of CMius and LttciutWis ne- 
 phews.Hatd by the Church of S.5^/^a<i,whereas now is the Bear called J6/<rrtf«;, flood fomeiime 
 the Palace i-/t;/;/<i'?«w. 
 
 _ CHAP. XVI, 
 
 The water Martia orTrajana > undthe Temple of Ifis. 
 
 THe current of the water /1/.?r-f/';«, paflmgby thegate T- m;..;;/' thro'ip'i the plain of f/grw/Z/^* 
 went as far as to the bains of D.Wc/?4«, unto the hils next adjoynir". t^'s 'n old time was 
 called Atifera. It arifeth out of the fpring Ptconia in the mountains of the Pchgni^ and pafleth by 
 
 the
 
 mo The Tocography of Rome* 
 
 the Martians coantry and the lake F«ri«wjand fo runneth to Ronte ; the coldeft and moR whol- 
 fome of all other waters that ran into ^o/Mf. This water Anctu M^mtu began firft to brirg into 
 the City: aftevvard^C^. vf^.tiw I'urnamed /?e.v,tookit in band ; and a long time after Jgnffaiz- 
 paired the conduit thereof. Of it read more in flmj and Frontinus, 
 The Temple of//?; is by P. f^/flar placed in the quarter £/^«///««j. 
 
 CHAP. XVII. 
 
 OfSahmiiithehoufe of Cxdr andLzliii and the fireetVztiklvts. 
 
 SUburra is a ftrcet of all other moft frequented: it beginneth at the Forum Romantmti and goeth 
 on forward directly by the Foi'Mw ATierz^uptothc hanging or rifi.ng of the hill called CUvm 
 SfftfirraiWiViheKox we have written before in this book ; and it endeth where the way Prtttefti- 
 »<ibeginneth. Called n wis Suturra-, either for that it fuftaincd and bare up the C^r/»<« and the 
 wall under it : or becaule it lay under the old City ; or as J^^rro thinketh,of the burrough or (irecc 
 SHccufayiiu. In this Ureet SuhrraYHS the hoHfcof C^/iir, fo long as he contented himfelf with a 
 meaneftate. 
 
 In it were fometimes certain ftews and brothel-h©ufes,as Marttal writetb. 
 
 The Hreet 'Patntius windeth crooked from the hill P^imiMaltSiiad endeth at the bainS oiDioelt- 
 ftan.OS It more hath been laid in the former book. 
 
 The houfe 9iL*lia like wile was in the fame Iheetjas Martial witneffeth, 
 
 CHAP. XVIII. 
 Svibhaittinthe Ply i aid the Temple cfSyhitiQs. ' 
 
 THe mount VtminJts on the Wefl-fidc of it hath part of the Quirimtlis oppofite againft it : 
 and the vale ying between was named ^w^wrr.* the plain. 
 In thet'ame valley in times paft were the ten 74^tfr««; fo called of the number. 
 The pit alfo ot ^.Froba was in the lame hilli which frtha her iclf made near to the Church of 
 S.iW4r;« in the field. 
 
 At the foot inmannerof thehilir/w«>-«/^, over-againftS,^^«A<i'j Church there flood the 
 Temple of Sylvantu^zs appeareth by many good tokeof, 
 
 CHAP. XIX. ^^ 
 
 Of the hill Viminalis ; the Tdjce of Decius; the Lnverof Agrippina > the haini of Oiymphs And 
 Novatus ; the dwelling honfes of QjCnn\as, Craflus,<««(!iC.Aquilius. 
 
 Vjirro rcckoneth the hill VtminalU among the Eft^uUis. VimmalU it was named of Jupiter Ft- 
 »»/». wjwhote altars weri: in that hill : <^ elfe of plenty of o/iers there growing. 
 In the higheH rihng and alcent of that hill,thcrc flood in old time, (where now is the Church 
 ofS. Laurenceia Pamf-perr.a) the Palacc of Dm«fthe Emperor, as may be (hewed by the ruins 
 thereof. 
 
 Not far from the fame place, toward the Church of S.P^M/^,wercthelavets or wafhirg places 
 of y4fr ?/•»•'<* mother lO Nero. 
 
 The bains of OlympiM were fituat toward SuhttrrM > the tokens whereof are now found in the 
 brow ofthehill. 
 
 Likewife the bains of Novatw were built upon the hillf^WW/V, where the Church of S.Pr«- 
 «i^«rf ftandeth. 
 
 The \i\\\V>minalisViA alfo th^ee goodly houfes of moft nob'e pcrfon?ges,to wit. oi MjCr^ffus, 
 Q^irtius CmhIusj and Caiut Aqwlius : the marks whereof arc evident to be feen in the fide ol ilie 
 faidhill. 
 
 Upon the fame hill in times paft a certain feaflivallfacrifice was folemnizedjWhich the dwellers 
 and inhabitants there,callF<t^»M/. 
 
 CHAP. XX. 
 The ^<i»«io/Dioclerianusj the Z./^r.<r;Ulpia ; the plain ViminiHsJ f^rf <«»<Interaggcres; 
 
 and the vale Quirinalis. 
 
 THe bains ofZ)!oc/f/i<i« are to befcenallruinatonthe fide of the hill f^/w/nrfft/: and by their 
 ruins a man may eafily gather how ftately andmagnifitent they werefometime. Thefewere 
 beounby DwcUfiai iodiMaximtnian Hercularus'intUt building whereof 40000 Chritliaos were 
 held to workmanyyearstogetherinmnlT flavifh manner. 
 
 Thefe were afterwards finiflied and dcditaicd by Co-.flantine and Maximiniayi.ncfi Emperors, 
 of the vain and fnperfiuous expences which the Romans laid out upon Bains, read Scnecu, who 
 depainteih out their waftfulnefs mott excellei tly. 
 
 In the fame bains was the Library Ulpitt> whithby Hadrian, or (as fometbink , '-v Tr'janwiS 
 thither tranfl ited; wherein were the linen records, and thofe huge volumes- called 'i eEitphan- 
 tine books;in which the afts of the Empcrors,and all the fan^ons and ordinances ot Scnat were, 
 as PoUio witneffeth. 
 
 Behind
 
 The Tocography o/Rome. im 
 
 Behind thefe bains, from above the rampier orbiilwark oUTarquimus Shferbus-, was ihe plain 
 fidd rirntnalif, whith ipreadcth out as far as to the City wall. There is leen as yet the gate /«- 
 terag^erts fliut ; albeit it fecmeth more probable and like to a truth that it fiocd in the piain t.r- 
 
 CjMllfriUS. 
 
 In that very place there was a pit or well of Tpring running water,which the reI<^hbours dwel- 
 ling thereby called the pit ot the l^izanum-, or the p.;rk pit within whith park they kept eULloied 
 divers and lundry kinds of wiidbeaHs. The harbors and den^ ot thefe wild beadsare yet to be 
 leen .- whereupon ic tometh that thole places or parks which are itt out and appointed lor feedin" 
 o; Deer.weuic toca.i ^/I'.ir/^. 
 
 The fpace between Dioch-Jiunt baths and Conjlantines arch is named the vale Quirimlis: in which 
 they fay, that Romuhs met with Proci.lus. 
 
 In the fame was the facred chappell oiFortuna PuhUca. 
 
 CHAP. XXI. 
 
 Themoutit Caballus -.the Etymology of Q^\nT\ii\s: the tewer yWWiiitam'. the hainj ofY'ixAm: the 
 chippel/of Neptune : the ha ks bJ Conllantine : the houje andftreetoftht- Comelii. 
 
 THe hill which atthi"; d'y they name C.t^4i^«j was in old time called j^'/mW/j, asbymany 
 iigns and reaions may be proved ; lo as no man skiifull in the Roman uory, need to doubt 
 thereof. 
 
 This Qjiirinall hill, the fixt in order of the mountains oiRome- fas f^irro teflifieth ) taketb that 
 nameof theTemp.eof ^»jr/w/.,:(fter other>,ofthe ^',«r/fti,who coming with 7iitiHskom(.nreSf 
 there pitched theirtenr< and lod;;ed.This monntain U fhaptd ;org,tor it comprehendeihthat lit- 
 tle hili which is between the gate Lollm.- and <'oilatina.U^or\\t (iandcth the Obelisk of the Moon, 
 engraven with yEgjptiin hierog,yphick>.har.idfers. In breadth, from the North Southward, it 
 reachcth to a tower now cal cd Cwttium, 
 
 Intliepitchandtop vfthehill abo^e the Foc»w of Tr^'^iwwiyou fhall fee the tower called v^/- 
 littArum '■> where in old time the fouldiers of TraJM kept their Itanding guard, and gave the tower 
 that name. 
 
 On the fame ridg were the bains oiPaulns built : which place at thisday by a corrupt name, is 
 called Bjgna>-'a-Pcl. 
 
 In the defcent and hanging of the Qnirinall hill toward Suburra flood fometime the chappell 
 ofiVfpf«w(f,which appearth by the p i^tures and other rel'ques there found. 
 
 From hence toward the North were the hot-houles of Co»/?<J«r/»e, as the ruins of the place do 
 teflifie. 
 
 Thehoufe of the C r» ///was built in the ftreetfo called, and at this day the name iikeepeih 
 fiill.But more hereof eliewhere. 
 
 CHAP. XXII.' 
 The Teinfles of Sitarn the "^ua. 4>?^ Bacchus ; C^^iirimis his Temjle tindforch ; theo/dCapitoll ; the 
 Chafpelsof Jupiter Juno,«iw<iMiner\a ; the honfc of Pomponius Atticns. 
 
 5N the Cornelian flrcet('whcreof a little before we made meniion)were twogyant-like images, 
 ca'led Co/«>^ reiembling two o d men naked and hoidingC.oj>f«(rcp/<e in their hand. It is com- 
 monly received, that thele were the Hatuesof 5rtf«r»and Mars', for that certain it is how their 
 Temples f^oodhard by : and many evidences there arejbehdes the very ruins thereofjwhich telii- 
 fk fo much. 
 
 Over-againfl the hot-houies of Coyiflantiney upon the very brow of the hill, there ftandeth to 
 be leen one half of a marble tovver,whii.h the people dwelling thereby call//fy:;.This,men think, 
 was the tower of the Sunby the ornaments there reared andfctupby AureluM: for this Empe- 
 ror worlhipped the Sun above all other gods; and therefore youfliallfeeftamped in his coin this 
 infcription ; Sob tnviclo^ To the invincible 5«».His mother allo,a Prieft of the Sun, thereupon rea- 
 red a Temple unto the Sun. 
 
 In the fide ot the hill near the forefaidbaths are twohorfesfeenftanding; the handy-work of 
 Pr.ixite/es and Phidas.Thde were (by report) Trida'es the Kings,aDd tranflated to RoMe. 
 That part of the Ojtrih-alis which boundeth upon f^ailit Murtia was called the mount and Tem- 
 ple ofC/.7fMand Apollo, 
 
 Not far from then.e behind this hill,there Is another rifingand afcent ; whereby antique letters 
 it is evident. that the old Capitoll flood. together with the chappel o^Jufitcr^Juno.ind Minerva. 
 Over-agjinif thefeplaces, enclining toward the right hand where now ftandeth the Church of 
 S.yefi.-<lts\Por?p->niiis .ItttcHS dwe\z in an houfe which came to him by inheritance from hi^ grand- 
 Tre^and was called pAmphitiana. They write, that this was a moft fweet and p'safant feat,by rea- 
 lon of a wood near unto it. 
 
 In the fame place was built afterwards the Temple of ^«.-r; «.'/;, kept alwaies fhut tofignifiethat 
 it was an unknown fc; ret: whether /?9w«/r« were enterred and lay in the carth,or were tranflated 
 into the number ot I he god"! in he ven. 
 
 There was a porch or walking place there of that name I where folk nfcd commonly to meet,to 
 
 difpatch bufinefles and contract c'.poufals. 
 
 C rl A ^ •
 
 III2. 
 
 The Topografby of Rome. 
 
 * 
 
 CHAP. XXIII. 
 
 The path-way or emfey called AXti I the houfe of Sabinus ; theflreet andfiatue tf MamurtUS 5 the 
 Court and gar dens of Saluft, and the field or plain Sceleratus, 
 
 *T*He high caulev reaching from the baths of Conjiantineto the ^ntViminaiU along the fide of 
 \ X Q^tirinalis was paved with fourfquarc ftone. 
 
 ■ Upon that caufey , at a place called the Fomgramt, Flavius Sahinm had an houfe, wherein, by 
 report, Dow^ifMw was born. 
 
 It is avouched in old time there was a flreet of Mamurrtu : and that his ftatue there flood 
 where now is S.Swp»j Church. - i'.J .>rv 
 
 Not far from that Church was the Court oiSaluft, and his moft neat and fine hortyards,'wherc ■ 
 the field called Scelerattu lay, and reached neat the gate Collina. Of thofehortyards,as alfo of the j 
 hamlet Tibrnti-^a^ there yet continue fome marks and remnants inthe bottom of the valley, be- 
 tween the very hill and the way which bringeth to the gate Sataria. On that little hill is fcen the 
 very houfe of Salnft^Yfbkh the people there inhabiting call Salufirium.Oi this matter lee more in 
 Cicero and others. 
 
 Beyond the hoi tyards ofSalnft^nciT the gate Collina,thcK is an high place like a mount:where 
 in times pall the veftall votary Nuns, fuchas were condemned for incontinency and inceft, were 
 • buried quick ; and thereupon all the plain about it was called Sceleratuty together with the way 
 thatleadeih thereto. 
 
 CHAP. XXIV. 
 
 The Tctnflescf Salus,c/DiaSjFidius,of Fortuna Primigenia, o/Honor^HerculeSj^iw^i Quirinus ; 
 
 alfo the Senat'houje of rvomen, 
 
 ^|~"He mount Quirinalls had very many Temples & Chappels, although thecertain place where 
 J, they flood is not fo well known at this day,namely-,one oi Afis. That of .?<?/<» was painted 
 by Vahitti T/fforjand burnt in the time of CAzx^iw. By y««i«ij^«^«/ci«Di£titor when he trium- 
 phed over the ^.quiaas it was vowed : by him (Cenfor) put tomakingj and in his lecond Di^ta- 
 torfhip dedicated. 
 Dm TfJsfl- * Sa^atMyDim^und Fidtus, were the Sabins gods, which, when they left their native country 
 
 minitSubino- and home, with all their other houfhold gods, they carried with them into mount ^«/r/»4/«'. 
 
 K«w« This god (forfooth j was in words and name three,in deed and truth but one,as they faid. Thefe 
 
 three therefore had one temple built them upon this hill, and were called by one name, S4hB:hs. 
 The opinion received of which godhead wasfuch, that an oath was thought to carry a great 
 power ofl'anility and holinefsjwhereby a man in that threefold name and one Deity,avowed and 
 
 Domitiams.a. Pritor or Lord Chief Juflice within the City of Rome^built a Temple upon thac 
 hill to FoftcKa Frimi^eni.'.. 
 
 Befides.in that mount were the Temples of Honor and Hercules. 
 
 LikewifetheCouncil-Houfeof women was in the mount ^/V<W/fef,at which in former times 
 the wives and damesoftheCity met yearly upon certain folemn fet dales. 
 
 Moreover,it is recorded,that the fcaft JgonnUaviiS celebrated in Qutrinalit. 
 
 CHAP. XXV. 
 
 The Court or Forum Archimonium ; the pilar Tiburtina ; the houfe o/Martial ; the Cirque of 
 
 Floralia J the TempleofFlorz ithefhops of Mmium, and the common 
 
 ^fcent called Glivus Publicus. 
 
 BEtween the hill Hortulorum ( whereof ye may read before in the firft book and the chapter 
 next followingj and Qjiirinalis thcic is a valley fourfquare, but lying fomewhat in length. In 
 that part thereof which liech underthemount ofClatraitid Apollo, was the Court called Archt- 
 moninr». For the very Church of S.AT/cW/WjWhich atthis day ftandeth upon that place is named 
 De Archimonii'. 
 
 Not far from it there is another place^to }NitfPi/a-Tiburtim : There flood the houfe oiAfartialy 
 as he himfelf witnefleih . 
 
 Next to it followeth the round Cirque {Floralium) where yearly to the honour of thegoddefs 
 J/fl>-(i,thc feaftivall ,F/f'r<j/«4 is celebrated. Now this F/«)r(« was a famous curtezanorftrumpetat 
 EoMf iViho having by her whorifh trade gathered a mighty deal of goods together,in her lafl will 
 made the people of Rome her heir, with this condition, That every year they Ihould celebrate the 
 memorial of her birth day. But the Senat thinking this a ridiculous mockery ,to honour and dig- 
 rifie fo fi'thy a thing with fuch a remembrance,theydevifed a goddefs of flowers,forfoc: b,called 
 Flora.and heruponthofe holidaies they fecmed to pleafe and content,that flie would be good to 
 the growth oi trce> and corn, and that they might do well in their flowring and blooming time. 
 To this goddefs we read that a Temple likewife was confecrated : Anon you meet with the work- 
 houfes where they make Mimum-,i.e,Vermilion.'^tii unto which was the Clivus Pahlicut. 
 
 CHAP.
 
 The Topography (?/Rome. mo 
 
 CHAP. XXVI. 
 
 The htll Hoctulorntn, the Ten. fie efthe Sun, ar.dthefefulchre of Ncro. 
 
 THis little hill(Worf«/o>-«»f )containeth but a few things worth the writipg. Among which i$ 
 the houfe of Pincim a Senator, who gave ihename both to a gate and a mountain, which in 
 chefe daies arc called, Mount PiaciMtiod gate Ptnciana. 
 
 The rcliques and marks ot his houfc are fecn in that very place, near the old wall. Aad abouc 
 the fame wals wemeec with an huge building in form of an hemifphere or half circle, which men 
 imagincwas the Temple ot the Sun. 
 
 Upon the fame hill over-againlt the tomb oiMarcellw in the very port way F/^ww^/aft bythe 
 monument ol Damitian ftood Nero's (epulchre alfo. 
 
 Now this hill Hortalorum took the name of certain hortyards and gardens under itj which id 
 old time.byrcifonthey were continually fo well watered wercmoftfruirfull. Downthis Igillail 
 they were wont (in times part)to defcend inro Cawpw MAruiuy who meant to [uc and Hand foe 
 anyMagilkacy. 
 
 Thefixth BooJ\, 
 
 CHAP. I. 
 
 Of the flat plot of the City, and the TheAtre in getter aU, , 
 
 Hat'it may be underrtood more certainly in what place of the plain and levell part of the 
 -City every thing i^ood let there be a (Ireight and right line drawn f-om theCapitoll, 
 through Pttmheen to 7y/«-e,ncar the Church of S. Roch. Solhall the City be in manner 
 divided into two equal! parts. The one fliall lie from the front and fide ofthe7)/-fr,thc 
 ether from the Ftrum of Trajanue to the gate Flument^ay along the foot of the two bils Qniri- 
 tiMii: ard J^or ljrnm, 
 
 BcsiD we will therefore at the Theatre o( M4rcellmyind recount the placesb ordcr,as hitherto 
 \vv have done./, tor ^/'•^aa *.',(, a Greek worditisand inLatinemay be aptly traonatsdA^z/oriaw. 
 Tne firit Theatres were appouit-d among the Athem.'n.s,and thofein regard of husbandmen^ who 
 onfeftivall daie> .ilited the Temples of the gods:*fterwards,at^<7w« they began to be taken up. 
 The firftiand that the greateft of all others was built of timber by M.Scaurus : for, the concavity 
 yvithin would teceive Scooo men. After it,were Theatres made to turn about and and fliew their 
 frontone while ibis way, ansther whiie that. But as touching Theatres, fee more in C^j(7?<?<:/9rf« 
 and Vitruv!tu^vi\\o have written plenteeufly thereof,and namely)by whom they were firif ordai- 
 ned,and in what manner built. 
 
 CHAP. II. 
 
 The Theatre of Marcellus andthe Library : the gallery andeourt of 0£^avia. 
 
 A%»f/?«« built manythingsunderthe name of others, aswe find written by authors in fundry 
 works. And among the reft was theTheatre of Marcellus his nephew or coufnby his C-ifizt 
 Oclavia. A part hereof is yet to be feen between the Capitoll and Tyber, where now ftandeth the 
 palace of the SabiHiM was able to contain Soooc men. See more thereof in Afcorius. 
 
 Hard by the very fame Theatre was thegallery of OJ/wr-/^, reared by rhe faid Aagnflus for hisfi- 
 fler Off <?vmV fake. Tnerein were certain curious pieces of work wrought by i-<».vr(r/f/,and namely, 
 the ravifhing of ?-#/>rp»«<j.Thc portraiture oiBttcthus^ Satyrhs.hKo ApolUyD,ata.„3n>i theninc 
 mures theworkmmfliipof7'<»*<?r(r/;?^f;. Within this gallery or walking place, /'//w; faith, there 
 ftood icharpel ory«"o.and the image of thefaid goddefs. Faft by the faid gUlery Rood the court 
 or palace ol Oftrfr/<«,and in it f «p/i:/portraied with lightning in his lund. It took up in times pjft 
 as greitaff.a^e,asat this day the Churches of S,7V/(f/W<« in Cirf^rf, and S.Af.try'iaPgrticu. 
 
 Aft rthf-dcKt fA MArreHtu.Oclaviahis mother let up a library ne;!"- his Theatre.Now thefirft 
 that ever ordainC'j. That books of all learning fliould be in fome publike places bellowed for to 
 be read of all that would come ; was at Athens Pififlratus the tyrant;and at Rome Afinius Pgllie, 
 
 CHAP. III. 
 
 The Cirnjne ori^Jtw-place FIaminiuS5<>»^f/;f Temple c/ Apollo. 
 
 THat this Cirque FlimmiMS (lood in that place where at this day the dark (lore-honfes and 
 te i!sbe,hudby S.A.'<jf^jr/«/churchjthcmarks yetremainin2reftifie./^/4wj/;/;<jic was called, 
 cither he \uleit was built about the plain called C'xwpwF/^wrw///- orelfc h^ Flaminius theCof. 
 who was (lain :t the bat'el! of the lake T/ir-d/vwcfwwj. Inic were the plaies and games exhibited, 
 whi. h they call yip»lli>i.ire.r •■ ^nd therein the horfe•r^nnil1g^ were performed. To it the Senat utcd 
 oftentimes to come down trom the Capitoll to fit in council), NeptHne alfo had a chappell there, 
 
 ApoUt's
 
 J jj^ The Tofcgrafhy af Rome. 
 
 J^pollos Temple was in that very pl3cc,as it evidently appearethjwhere now S.Maries Churck 
 is under the Capitolljbetween the herb-market and the Cirque PUminitifiSj ueac to the gate CaT'^ 
 
 mcn^alis- 
 
 CHAP. IIII. 
 
 T/:^eT(fw»/fjfl/Vulc3n,Mars,Bcllona,Hercules,WJupicerStator:f/»*«/'/<w»crp«7/<ir Bellica: the 
 
 alter ofi^c^^Viac:the galUryCoiitif.hii:andtheColoJft of Hiis, 
 
 Within the Cirque Flaminiw Rood moft fam»us Temples of the gods, to wit, o^f^alcanf 
 Mars, and Belltna, to wit, that which was toward the gate Carmentalif, Before the laid 
 oate there Hood a marble pillar,which the Romans called Bellica,(ot it ftiewed when war was to 
 be made. The Romans in old time ufed and retained this manner in proclaiming war : The pub- 
 like beadle,or one of the heralds called Ficials.lanccd a fpear with fomc other enfigns of war ^in- 
 to that land upon which they meant to levy arms. But when after many conquefts they had en- 
 hr'»ed their empire and dominion, and chat they were oftentimes to give defiance to nations far 
 remote and diftant because they flionld not need to fling a fpear or javelin, as I faid before, iocQ 
 that land, they did but ftick one in the pillar abovenamcd, on that fide which regardeih that part 
 wtither they were to make their expedition. 
 
 To Hercules the Great, protestor and keeper of the cirque Flaminiiu, they built a Temple in 
 the fame place : for his ftatue was there ercfted in the very entrance thereof, en that fide where 
 nowftandeth the Church of S.L«c)' in thedark Jpsiheca. 
 
 M.FhlviHs built another Temple of the allowance that he had of the Cenfors (tock,to Hircu- 
 les Mufarum '• for he had heard in Greece how Hercules was Mufa£etesyt.e. the leader and com- 
 panion of the Mufes. The fame Fulvitu tranflated the images of all the Mu^es out of the town 
 Ambracia. to- i?9Wf,and confecrated them under the ptote<Stion and fafeguard of that moft potenc 
 and mighty deity, to the end that they might have mutuall help one of the other : namely, the 
 quiemd's of Mufes by the defence of Hercules', zvA the valour oi Hercules^ by the fwcet voice of 
 the Mufes.This Church much decaied and disfigured by time,MartfM fhilffpiUj^H£H/iut his fa- 
 ther in l3vv,«'.<!.his mothers husband repaired. 
 In the fame Cirque they would have the Te mplc oijupiter Stator to ftand. 
 There alfo^as they gather by certain prefumpiions)was the altar «( NeftuMtiVihich m old time 
 ran bloud, 
 
 ' OBavim reared a porch or gallery .built and born up with brazen pillars, and thereupon name j 
 toriuthia. This flood between the Cirque and S.N>chelai Church, and was alfo called Chalcariai 
 ».#.brazen or copper. 
 • ^ " The Colofs or ftately of Mars^zt the Cirque Flamimus, was in the Tempk of Brmns CMllnicHt, 
 
 CHAP. V. 
 
 The torch or gallery of Mercury : ihe Tht^re of OiSaviuf : hU honfe^ cloifter^ snd gallery: 
 
 andthe Temple «/ Venus ViftreiTe. 
 
 BEtween the Cirque TUmi»ius and the Tjber, in the very entry of the Church of S. ^fgeU m 
 Pifciyia theic is a porch or gallery,confecrated fometime to Mercury, or,as fome would have 
 it.to 'juno. This being confumed with fire, L.Sepumius 5fz/fr«/reedified, But theparch which 
 ftandeth in the Jews ttreet called CfMr4,they fay was builded by the Emperour Severus, 
 
 Between the gallery of Marcellus and the mount reared by Hadrian, Fompey was the firft that 
 built a Theatre to continue. For all others before were taken down when the games and (hews 
 were once doRC and part : and when need required,new were fet up. A great part of this Theatre 
 when fompy had finifhcd,comes Caligula and made an end of the r«ft. AftcrwardjTAffl</#r/V^K. 
 of the OHragoths reedified it. This alfo received eighty thoufand men. 
 
 Near unto this Theatrum there was a court or ftately Hall called Atrium^xht fame which at this 
 day they name Satrium ; alfo the houfe of Pampey & a porch before it.Thefc edifices oiPempeytiC 
 what time as T/jiV/p exhibited the ftage-plaiesjwere confumed with fire.Neartothefame theatre 
 the emperor CUud-.us of famous memory^reared an arch of marble for memorial of Til>(rin(C*f*r. 
 
 In the forefaid Theatre(men fay) was the Temple of f^enus the ViAtefs. 
 
 CHAP. VI. 
 
 The bains Agrippinx : ViTiihtOD,aKd the perch thereof '■ alfotht Temple of geodfpeid, 
 
 FRom the arch of Pcmpey, as you go northward, you (hall meet with the baths j4arippi»A^ht 
 marks whereot are feenm that place which now of the inhabitants there, is called Cr<«w^ri'<*. 
 Now, ^grippiyja they were named of Agrtpp* who built them : See fliny hereof iohis difcourfes 
 ofNature. 
 
 Near unto the forefaid bainssthere is aTemple of f reateft antiquity,and among other old Tem- 
 ples of the city ;the nobleft of all the reft,which at this day remaineth in manner whole and found. 
 Becaufe it was dedicated almoft to all the gods, they thought good to name it Pantheon. In form 
 it was liketbeworldjreprefentinga fphere or globe.At this day they callitS,^<»r/« the round.Of 
 
 this
 
 'The Topograpby of Koms, 
 
 the tevap\<?.?/f»f and others ha»c mad^mention, unto whom I refer the resdc":.!-) th-vxy porcfe 
 and enrry of this temple, were the ftataes ofAugufinj tadAgrippa.Tia imiges ot'Mu>s sod Ve~ 
 nus. At the lappet of Schms ear, there hur:[^ as a pendant that molt coltiy peadcf C/^".*?^**. 
 Likcwiie there Itood the image oi MtnervM, the handy work of Phidias, MortoveryHsrcuIes at 
 whole lUtue the Carthaginians in old time uled yecrly to facrifice mankind. They afcended op 
 to this temple as in the reil.by many itcps •• for men in times pall uled to rear the ?emples on high 
 and made bu: one way to go into them. A porch to this temple hgrippd joined :a pccceof work 
 wof'.h all adniirttion, which of (bms was cal!(fdPrtf//»rr»'». For this word /'•r</Vi»/,betokencfbno# 
 thing flic but an ornament cr porch, -r^a tm 9t-'f« /. before the dore.Herof alio iiavcauthors Writ- 
 tenmucb. This templeliiril H^ifirAWtDc empctorof happymemoiy, and after vvardj AntoHtut 
 Piwjecdified. 
 
 Certain rcliqucs and remnants fourangkd and (omewhatlong, of Good-fpecds templpj arc 
 evidently (een mtheltrcefsof <Wi»»«rz/4acdS.fc«y?4(r^*«/. This god w*s long ago wofihipped t.iat 
 all things might fail out happily in the ecid, Portraied dc was'in haoit ot iTpoor man , holding iij 
 bis right band a charger, and io the left an ear of corn. 
 
 CHAP.VII. 
 The bttines of N^ro -^nd A.f % i;der ; the Cirqae riAmed Agon. 
 
 Ebind S. £«iy?<irA'»Jc!wirnh, between P<«»:6eo« and Low^-jr^^/.ftteet, the rcmoints are fcen 
 
 "^ of the baines aati vaults oi^ iWro. 
 
 Necr onto thefe AUxa»der bant others ns.v.ov conveighancc of water into them, wt>ich they 
 they c»ll hlexa»driKa)i':i rfcofe very fair an ; : -iccfcsbie ; Wberof LumfridiushKh written aiucb. 
 
 ATeerunio themflometQiuKjtrt'ercjibe bviiiof /i(air/4».'«nd taey would bavo tbemtoftaad 
 in that very pUce wberti row is S; ^hifsm chcrcb. 
 
 In the plain part of th; City tb-jre aopesr molt evident tokens of a long and fpatious Cirque.* 
 which they cal". stthisd^y A^ow. It look that name cither of the games ^/c«<»/<< inftitutcd by K. 
 Num.* in the Donjur n(J^Krtj, «?'r^:cb mclaat lliew plsce ate rcprclented the 9 day oilaHHary ; 
 or i>ec»u e all r.-.ann r of (uch fhe wes aird dilporcs^ called by the Greeks A^oi*/,were \voat there 
 tobeexnio-.fed, Some would hsvc it to be built by Nero or A/fAruKj^fr , upon tnis rea(on,that othec 
 orn«mrr5ts of theirs Were to be lliewtd there. For the insner of the Pdtices and Emperors WW» 
 ordinarily to beltow tbeit monunitncs and memociats in one place. 
 
 CHAP. IX. 
 The temple c/Ncptune, Tcrcntus; : the Altdr o/Dis «r Fluto : t^« marifl} Caprei. 
 
 ON the ftra id of Ijbre., where now S. BUfc Church ftandeth, fometimes Neptmes temple 
 i\oodl.The lame was rebuilt by fJairtan. Tnereia were the painted tables huog,wcre repre- 
 fentedthelTiipwracks, 
 
 TereniHt is a place in Mars field,iocai!ed,forthat iiiit thealtarof D;r Wis bidden; or becaufe 
 the water of the Ijbrt running thereby, cat away and wore tbf; banks of that fide •• or laftly byr 
 occafion of Evander, who arrived with a fleet in that placc,«nd taere abode. There alfo in time of 
 the AlbiD war, thsy hid the a'tar of Pr»ferptna under the gcourjd,tbaf they only might have koow- 
 ledg thereof, where it was. 
 
 la the lame M«i>-/ field Ciome think^wasthe fen or marifli Caprea, viheteRemulus in a tempcft 
 whichiuddainly arofe, wistakenaway. Of which roattet Liwj wriieib. 
 
 CHAP. X. 
 The hoiife Cotvina : the hsairfay or gate .-and the temple ifl[\t, 
 
 THe fecond part of the flit City, reached along the foot of J^«/r»»a//«,[from the Forum of Tr4- 
 y^wa^to thegate F/^iw/wm, In which part neer the Capitol, wasthcboufeC«r«/«4, builtbjf 
 tbttnsme and family, andtothisday keepetbltiil the old name; for commonly called it ii M«i- 
 eellttntCorVoritm. 
 
 Fromtha' houfe unto the bars orrsilcsin /l/4rx field ,c«tendetb the way La»j,retaining yet the 
 am iqae name;l "id there fl-andctb the church ofS,M«ir»w in the broad way. 
 
 Inthelnmt; way lioodtomenmebyrepJtt,thete nple of //T/neer the rails above-laid, whera 
 now is the cburcb of 5. Mareeilits. Nowthis l/it was a goddefle of the iGgyptiauv.She was ho- 
 noured and wctfliipped alb at Rowf .together with Ojfr»' -lurnamed S*r4;>« :ot wham the publick 
 plaiesinthe qaartcrF/4w;«M,//e«»*-5fMpr«w bare the nimc.Ic hapoed in the temple o:/75>tbal 
 inceft was committed ; whereupon the Emperor T$l>eri»s cvAed the Prieftsof that temple to be 
 crucified.& the placs it "elf to be demoliiKed. Other temples of this ^oddeffe tbsre were at Home, 
 for Caracai^a tranflaied all h:tfacted rites and ceremonies to Rome^ «nd daily with exceeding 
 great reverence obferved the fame. 
 ^ Ccccc CHAP.
 
 iii6 The Topography of Kome. 
 
 CHAP. XI. 
 The arch e/CimiUul •' the ttmple ofMiaerva ; W thejrvint markft. 
 
 AS a mm goeth down from tbe broad»gatc tforcftid toward the Vamtheon^ be (ball fea a moft 
 aricicDt arch. Some think (but untruely) that erefled it was for CamUliit : for many a fait day 
 attet bis time, thele arches were in no requeft and ufe : and therefore it belonged to fome other L. 
 General!, jBetwcen this arch and Pantheon, ^*. Pemftiut built a temple to M<»#r»<t, wherein bo 
 comptifedin a compendious fum, tbe memoriall of his afts and exploits. Other cnfignes alfoin 
 t he honour of the City ot Romcy he there fet up, and thofe be garniihed and adorned. Whereof 
 
 read fHnj. 
 
 At the toot of the mount Q«/>/»»a/«,in the hort-yards and theCelMm»ei$fes^aect to tbe afcent & 
 rlliEig of the bil which leadetb now into the mount C<(^«i//«/)there was fomtimethe market-placa 
 Suarn*»*i fo called of felling of Iwine there. For \arro witneffeth, that in old time they bad cer- 
 tain fet and appointed places for tbe felling of certain things, and thereof the markets tooke tha 
 name, Ttius of oxen, the market S»<«r»«wj of fiftj,P#/f 4ri«w, of fwine, S«4r^*w ; gt wottior 
 lxi\>i,Hohtori0m, wis called, Sec. 
 
 CHAP. XII. 
 Of tbt field cal/ed Martius, tr Tyberinus. 
 
 FOralmuch as in the former book it bath been fufficiently declared as touching il/4r^ field, 
 where it lay,it fKall be needlelTe to make any repetition thereof in this place .* but why it was 
 called Martiux, would be here in briefe confidcred. Named fo it was,becaufe it was coolecrated 
 to Uirs : for when tbe Tar^uittj were expelled ont of their Kingdom, ■ what ground or Qanding 
 corn tbey were poffeffed of, they divided amongft thofe Citizens who were not landed at all, k-^ 
 lerving only this field Martins: which becaufe it was confecrated to M^r/jtbat in it the games and 
 plaies Qjould be folemnized and the youth exerci(ed,they thought that the fruit alfo there growing 
 (hould likewife becounted facred and accurfed, and fo deemed it unlawful that any diftribution 
 thereof ihould be made, but threw itallintothcT)'^r<?,wherofarofe the Hand called Tjl><rinM',o£ 
 which we will fpeak in the !a(l book. In this field therefore f befides tbe native beauty of tbe 
 place and the delegable fight of the medo ws) were ereftcd the ornaments and ftatues of brave & 
 renowned perfons : yea, and out of the very Capitoll ('when ths place began to be peffered and o. 
 ver-ftriaght by reafon of fomany ornaments whichtbithet were daily broDgbt,many of them were 
 from thence trsnflated mo Campus Uartiut . This field wiscalledofmeninold time,Tji>/riti»is y 
 like as Tjhe alfo was named Martins, 
 
 CHAP. XIII. 
 Theforehj the teufle, Column, and Valace »/Antonjui PiUI •' tht rails 
 or tnc\ofur»,eaU*d Ovilit. 
 
 BEt ween the Sciarra & Pantheon (lteets,neet to Saint Stefheai Church in TrmlUo, thtxt (hew- 
 eth a (lately porch, which moft men fuppole was that of ,4 «w»«*-f Fi«J, for that his temple 
 (tandeth fo neer. The Column alio of Antomtts is not far cff.Tbii be railed of an exceeding height 
 with winding and turning flairs, like that of Trgjannsi whereof we have fpoken before. Between 
 this Column and the porch, the faid Emperor had (by report j a goodly palace. Between tbe faid 
 Column and the water^/r^^, tbey fay, the rails or enclofure within Mars field ftood, called Septa. 
 Now this place was encloled within wooden raiis,and (Irongly fenced with pods on overy fide* 
 wherein the people of Rome when at tbe creation and eleSion of magiftrats tbey were topaQe 
 thei r voices v/ere kept clofe : and for tbe refemblance of (heep pent, Ovilia of fome they were 
 called. By Livj tbey are fet do wn, neer the waics Fornicata and Flamiuia, 
 
 CHAP. XIV. 
 The hill Citatorum : the Villa Publica, temple o/NcptunCjW 
 the bridg in Mus field. 
 
 BEt ween jlntonines Column and S. "Lanrencet church in I«(:/«i4jthere Is raifed i mount, called 
 now C'><"''««^/ tor Citatorum; nor it was a mount indeed, but becaufe the people of Rff«»»> 
 when in thc^bufing of magiftratstbey were to give their voices, as tbey were cited,went tbitber 
 as it were unto fomc hill. Some fay it was called ^cceptortm, of taking the peoples fuffrages.- o- 
 thers5r;)/(?r*a»,for the vicinity oUhokStfta beforefaid. This little mount, there bethatwonld 
 havr to rife and iccreafe by the ruins of fome porch or ftstely gallery ; orclfe of the common Ho- 
 (telry, called ITitla ^ublica. For there was in times paft a place called Villa P»blicA, a large buil- 
 ding in manner of a court or hall ; wherein were received and entertained all embadadors of ene- 
 mies, who might not be allowed either to enter into tbe City, orgoiotothe publick lodging oc 
 Hopit.l called Graecoftalis. 
 
 Neertothe5<r;)r<j, /I^.A^r/;;/jCasI><rwftf writcth) built a goodly temple with a moft beaatifuU 
 porch to it,in the ftonouroF AV^r««<r. 
 
 At this fbrcfaidbiUuck called Citaterttm, and tbe Column of A»r«»>>»/, there was a bridg fad 
 
 by 

 
 The Topbigrapby of Kome. 
 
 bythtSepu, whereupon tncy tbtt w«c cited, when they had given their voices, paiTedfavsnd 
 went their ws'.es .• ani lb were Isv:red frocn tb; rc!l tbat were to give their luffaaes 
 bec»a(e t.'iey fliould not be cnteraaingled aoiDngft them, nor be able to itew unto thcm.on wht>f^ 
 fide they bid parted their voices. ""«»= 
 
 In the fame hAsrs field, it is recorded that in times paft ftood the jenple oiP,etj, even whereas 
 no w the church of S. Savior i$. r / ^ 
 
 CHAP. XV. 
 r/jc water Virgo : the lAke and chappe/^/Matm, as alfo that of Viety. 
 
 THe watrrT/.^., which reteinethftill the plealaot Iwcetncfs to the tafl in drinkin-, and 
 keepeth yet th:; ol J name, heginnethto githcr to an head neer the bridgS^/4>',«// and bein- 
 carried in a moft deep gutter entretb into th^ City ac the g,:e CcU.„a, and (o is raifed totbe bill 
 HortHhrum: where, by arched work it is convcigbed through M^r, field, and yeelds all the way 
 10 the inhabitants, water tor their nie ; and cndcth at the length in the hortyards of LhcuIUs 
 
 Moreover in Mars field, there was (as men fayja fountain and weilur ciUern of /^/wr^'fiftec 
 otK. r«r««/, yceldmg moft holelome water. This waccr- Nymph, they avouch (and that n>ht 
 well; to have been called /«r«rPrt,«;«T/<i.?^<7,,. of helping ; bociuf;; fhe was thought to help the 
 fick. The vtry place is at this day by* corrupt word, named L«r^e//«» 
 
 CHAP. XVI. 
 The arch */Domitian .• the oheltik^ofUixsfiM: /faj Kmshithea- 
 tre o/Ciaudius the Emperor. 
 
 •T^He tiiarophant arch, fc difmembrcd (as it were} and bereft of all his ornaments, ftanding te- 
 . -■• tween churches ot S. Syiveflrezni Laurtnceia Lftcium, andraketbupapeecd of the way 
 orltreet F/amtnia, is attributed to Domitian the Emperor. And hereupon be'iJes others 
 prefumptions; they appropriate it to him, for this emperor reared many luch arches in every 
 place. 
 
 Tho Obelisk alfo there is in this Uars field, which AugK/}ns tranfported from Wcretdis a Ci- 
 ty in &gjpt to K«me. Befidesjfhc native enfigns and wonderful! hieroglyphick infcriptions which 
 it brought with it of the own, therein to be feen, Kuguftus adjoined other ornaments no leffc or- 
 miraole. But hereof it is better to read Pl'ifij. 
 
 CtandtHs the Emperor built neer the Septa in yUrs field an Amphitheatre, which he decked Sc 
 adorned with fair flatucs and moft beautiful columns. 
 
 CHAP. XVII. 
 The vale Mirtia ; the f'^lice: the porch of AugaHas.-thtAraHmachie o/Domi:ian 
 and the temple ofthef^milj Flavia. 
 
 THe \i\e Martia taketb the nameofC^w/iw/ M-icf/w* t it lyttb between Tjbre and the hil 
 BortuhrMm .- within the wbjchjin aplace lower then all the reft about if.appear the Nauma- 
 chies of Domitian ; where in old time he exhibited fliews of naval fights. In which place betore- 
 time likely it is,that huguflus had his Niumachie; which being cleamed and Icojred by Liottiitt' 
 <a«, tetcined afterwards his name. Read Suetonmi. ^^ 
 
 Neet to the Naumachie, was the temple (as it is thought) of the kinred \lavia. 
 
 In this place, "JhUhs Capitolmttt provcth that the porch and palace of \itguftus was builr. 
 
 CHAP. XVIII. 
 Ihe Maufoleum o/Aagu(lus .• and the two obelttk^s neer it i alfo the tomb 
 orfe^tilcbre o/Marcellus. 
 
 IN the vale M<arf/4,betwe(n tbe way F/amiuia ind the bank of 7)^r;,hard by S. Roches church, 
 Augufi a s midtz Maufoleum ■, tolerve for afepucbre as Wclho himfelf and all theEmperois, 
 as alio for his whole houle and name.This building is like unto s. tarret ftanding at the gate called 
 Populi, which fheweth itltlf fpoilednow of all the ornaments that fet it out. Men would have 
 it to be the lepulchrc oi Marcellus. And AMgufims, named this iepulcbrc of his,i'/<»''/'"^'«'»,tor t he 
 relemblinceit had of tbatof /l/j«/fl/«(xK. otC^irM, which Ar/ffxw//>4 his wile built for Dim. Read 
 Cafftadore Strabo, and other* thereof. 
 
 Cloi'e unto the Maufe/eum oi AugnflHs, were two obelisks, as the ruina: remnants thereof do 
 teftific. 
 
 CHAP, XIX. 
 The waj Flaminia: thelrophees o/Marius > orher goodly ornameats 
 ofthefieWSiirtiui tn general, 
 
 CNeus Flaminiusihe co\\eg,ncoi M,Lepid»s, hauing vanquidied the Ligurians paved the cao- 
 I'ey or ftrcet Flamini a. This was led from Vlacence, through Narnia, Fuligneum, JVmcera.Cal' 
 littm to Fortunes temple, to Pifaurum^iad lb forward to Anmintim. Sec Liv) and Suetoniu;. 
 
 Ccccc 7. Between
 
 i 
 
 be Index to T.Livius* 
 
 sum of Attguflus, jind the hill called Hortulorum-, were the Tropbses of 
 
 (. fiophees ^iWarro v/itncffetb,f werefo c?lled of rfo^tia Greek word.which 
 
 - 1 ihat the manner was to hang up the fpoils and dilrobings of enemies put to 
 
 ■?...: .--oiurunks and pofts. r)&i-j-^ 
 
 ..^, .-■-' •, weretheiepulcbresof Sylla^ mrties,taiVaKfa,oi Jfilia, Britamkus,DrafHs 
 
 -> i.ujpeto' tlmud-ut-, and other right hardy and valiant knights, befide inBnit ornaizients more, 
 
 wiitreof wc have written before in this book. 
 
 T'befeventbBooJ^, 
 
 CHAP. I. 
 
 Of the river Tyhte. 
 
 1 T (hould follow by due courfe and order ,to treat oUanicHlum and all that quarter of the City on 
 ■*the other fidcof T^^n? ; but bccaule thefe parts ate icparatc trcca the red of the City by the ri- 
 ver T)^r<r bet ween; ibereofalloitis meet to iaylomewhat briefly. And firft verily tbereafon of 
 that name (bould be fhewcd. Some think therefore,that tbe river wjs calle':! Tjheris.'kii th; v0§ia(t 
 For the Sicilians when as in old time they had overcome the a Cartnsginians in battel, and taxen 
 a number of them prisoners, enjoined them* for the better fortificasion ot their own City, to caft 
 a trench aboutit, and to let water thereinto ; and this ditch in reproach of their enemies, they 
 called v^^tv. And the lame men upon a ti me after wards^when as they encamped neer Rome^give 
 this very name untojtbis river {alio, whereas before it was c Ued AlMa. Some think it was 
 named (o ofTjberis a King of the Tufcans, flain upon the banks thereof, f^arro is cf opinion, that 
 it took thenatroof Tiheriin, a neighbour Prince of the Veientians. In holy writings we re^d it 
 Tj^ert/ius. In vulgar Ipeech they call it Tyberis : in poetry, Tjbris. In old time it was termed 
 Rnmon, as it wcre,gnawing and eating the banks thereof. Alfo at one fide of the City it was na- 
 med Ttrentm^ as a man would (ay, wearing the banks. It Ipringeth from tbe Apeonine, above 
 Krums. At the firft it is but (mall and (hallow, but before it entreth into Reme^i^{hi\u^g rctetved 
 40 other tivers)is encreafed to fuch bignefs, that (hips of burden aoa tne greate(t hulks ,may tome 
 up in it as far as Rome. This river divideth Tnfcan from Fmbria, the Sabins countrey and 'he La- 
 tins, entreth at the North part of the City, and fo paffetb through Southwards, bet w-.-xa the gates 
 Hefitenju an^Vortuenfu^ Iciviog lamcttium on the tight band and the City 00 the left, and (0 
 oeer unto //«/?/<! is dilcharged into one mcsn broad llrcam, and fallcth itJto the Tyrrtierj.' (cs. 
 Upon the banks thereof, asif they were confcctate to fomc divine powcr^ it was not lawful! to 
 fet up any building. Certain warders and keepers there were appointed, for the chancU and tbe 
 banks. But of this river, f//«7 and others have left much in writing. 
 
 CHAP. II. 
 
 Of tbe bridges bttilt ttpen Tybrc. 
 
 THe tjibre, as is abovefaid, being fo deep as that it is navigable^and bearetb the greated (hips, 
 hath no foord in any place that can be waded through ; and therefore necelsary it was to 
 make bridges over it, and fo to join that part on the farther fide of Tybre, to the reft of the City. 
 Jic.cnlett after he had killed ^erjon, built a bridg, where afterwards (food that wb;cb they called 
 SMbiicitts. Alio before the foundation of the City, there was a bridg over 7)^r(f, called .S<««r. up- 
 on which they lacrificed men to 5«r»r« by throwing them down into the river.But wnen //<frc»- 
 /»afterwards had putdown that maneroffacti^cing, he gave order, that mens images made of 
 reeds and bulrufbes ^whicb they called H.4rf««/) (hould be calf down in ftead of them. Bucsftec 
 the City was built,there were other bridges made to the number of eight ; to wit,M//'j'/«/,i£//B/, 
 VaticaMHSf lAKtculenfit, Cefiius^ Fabricim^ P*latinMs^ and Subltcius. And allthele, fave the (ubli- 
 cian only, IttiUs ovetthrewt 
 
 CHAP. III. 
 The iridge Milviui. 
 
 »jrHe bridg Uilvins^ which men now call Melvins, ftandeth upon the way FUminia, a mile and 
 ■■■more fromtheCity. Built it was in tbe troufalefome times of S;i!4, by .SMwr*/ when he was 
 Ccnfor.Many a timethey fay it wascaft down, and as often fet up again. 
 
 CHAP, nil.' 
 
 iT 
 
 Ihe bridg jElius, kqw S. Angel, the Fatican or Triumphal the laniculcnfis or Aurdiauus. 
 
 He bri<^g at this day called S. Angel, in times paft ^//*/, took ihttmrac o^ t/Fjias Hadri- 
 4»«j,for be built that brdg.and neer noto it a fepHlcbre,wbicb tbey call LMeles Httdr'»»ii. 
 
 Beneath
 
 The Topograpbie ofKome, 
 
 gcoeit'hlhis^is^sriotbcr which girctn ptfljgeioto the momTp^tic^^ and the p lam~7hereor 
 and therejpou taty named \il^aticMHs;i[toTriumpha!uytot tint o/er it they went up in (tiu.-nDhto 
 h^ v^apitoUto ei/c thioKi to lupitenni rejoice. The piles are yet to bi iccn in Tyl^sr, overaPainft 
 the ipitleot theCapitollot S. Spirit. The third bare tha name UnatUnfis of laKtculum r\t^t 
 unto It, and hwdUnHi of the port-way Aurelia.ox the gate fo called, Antomw Pm, paved it over 
 with marble, and being demoliflied in the civil wars,) was called the broken bride. A(tcru/trH« 
 Vo^iXjftiiS fhefoQrthfecdifiedir,and gave unto K his own name. ivv««. 
 
 CHAP. V 
 The higdcs Fabticius and CeQms. 
 
 BEocaih ibe bridg kurdius one lfarlong,ov£r-»gainft the Theatre of .^J/^rr^//^/ in tbe verw m'^r 
 of the channell ol Tjix^r, there appeareth a n^elf or IQand, this was united to tbe Citu bv^ h^' 
 hMg'.a<-p'itt: 10 called flrit oNhj rjck r<ir;<r/-«nceruntoit, afcerwards FabnciMS of L ¥ I ■ 
 ctHs, who by that btidg conjoined the City and Uland together. The i^roe ac fhis day is called Thi 
 bridg ot four heads, taking the n jme ot four marble images with four f .ces speece. ftandirp at f h 
 entry oftljpbridg, butthrbridj^ 'vhlcii clolcta the laid Ifland withjhepatt within Tybfr w»« 
 called E/^u!i';:i»s oc Ccjiiui -.u times paft, but now S.BArtholmews bride. ^ 
 
 CHAP. VI. 
 
 Of the /Jla»U Tiberin?,- 
 
 III9 
 
 id Pin*7- , 
 
 A temple alfo of Jupiter ftandeth in it,dedicated by C.Serviiins the Daumvjr.vvhich had beeti 
 
 wed by L. furius lixyeers betorcthe uawls war. 
 
 In the fame ifland were lick folk prefented unto iA-fcuUftttj (in the field.) And neer unto 
 th? temple of the faid god, was a lazn-houfcforthat this god was the inventer and miintainer 
 ot Pnylicit. 
 
 CHAP. VII. 
 The Senators biiig called alfo Fatatine, and that which is named Su blicius. 
 
 pEneatb theabovenamed Iflind, as it were adirtscailoff, was thcfeventh bridg, Seratorttm 
 ports, ot the Senators , alfo PaUttrtu, of the mount Palatine neer adjoining : and at this daw 
 named it is the bridg of S. Mary in ty£gjft, by reafon of S. Okanes churchneer by. 
 
 Now followeth the laft bridg S«^/'f/«i, and which alio is counted the inoft ancient of all o- 
 thers. This wasfirftmadeoftimberby A«c»^M<4rr/«/ at tbe very foot of the Aventine mount' 
 hamedonly with a floor ot planks without any iron Ipikes and nails or props to fhoaragainft it fo 
 as in times of war and trouble it might betaken in peeccs one from mother, NowSub/zciiKtit- 
 W!S called a SithHcis^ i. great (Irong pods. But aftttwards tA-mjlins LepiAftt made it of ftone and 
 thircupon name i the marble bridg Upon it in old time lat beggere craving or alms of the paflen- 
 gets. From It alfo leud and wicked malcfaftors, were thrown down headlong into Tr^^r This 
 brigd as well as other, was often demoliflied and built up again by one or other 
 
 CHAP.Viri. 
 of /that fide of the City which is beyond Ty ber. The Qitj and temple of the Ravenats find Fors For- 
 luaa .• the hths o/Scverus ; the hort -yards ofQxiiuthe water Alhetina, & the medowsof Mutius 
 
 THe region beyond Tjbcr in old time hid the name oflanieulum^ the bill which overlook-' 
 cth and commandeth the greatefl part thereof. We find it alio called of men io thofe daies 
 the City of the R^venates, who with a fleet having aided the Romans, were permitted to dwell 
 inthe lamculHm, for fear led at any timeihat mountain ard hold fliould be I'cized and kept by 
 the enciEies. Now ior as much as this quarter was enhabited by bale peopleluch asfolbwed vile 
 occupations, there were in it but few things worthy of any remembrance. .Sify**-*/ th£>-c;.. huilf 
 ice: tain bait;s.* C^/.r made bort-y ards and prepared allb a fair pool called tbe Naumacbie fo; ibipw 
 fightthcre.Alib the temple ot Fers fortuna,)f]is (in T;^C«/"<»r/daie$^ dedicated in that quartet 
 Tha water called hl(tettna, was derived out of the poolc Aifietintis^by the high way or ctaitsy^
 
 1 1 2 o The Topogra ihie o/R ome. 
 
 ' cZt*t^4 into the toretaidNaumachicind lervedall thole parts.Tbis water was alio called by (ome- 
 
 ^HtHfta. betfremifiusi who hath written much of the Roman waters. 
 
 MHtiMs, who willingly bad expofed and offered himlelf to die for thclove of hiscountry,wa8 
 for that good fervicc endowed by the people oiRomt witb land on the other fide of Ijher. The 
 place at this day 16 yet called Pratu Mutia, Neer unto the Arfenal and ftiip-docks on the fide of 
 Tjlfer, were the plaies and games of Fifhermeo in timespjft celebrated. 
 
 CHAP. IX. 
 
 Thefepuldreofi^Mmt-, a»d Cscilius the ?oet. "the Trihunalef hwxt\\\x%,the 
 
 \iniCM\\im, and the htrt-jiard of UtiCtWa^. 
 
 THit the fepulchrc ofKingiV«w-i was under the bill /4»/c«/*.f a chift ofhis, with his books 
 long time after diggea there, do lufriciently prove. See Livy, Solinus, and others. 
 The rribunall A*rff/M,and the Arlenil *vas on that fide of the T)^*--, as appcareth by thofe 
 
 authors. 
 
 The hill Uniculiii took the name of lanus who there dwelt: & therein .i-as afterwards buried. 
 Heallo built a town or City there, as tney lay^fo called. This /n»/c«/»; was alio alkd Antiptlie 
 IS Ro/w* Saiurnia, 
 
 Commonly alio it is recdved, that Cadlius the Foet wasundet the fame hWlUmcitlMs buried. 
 M«r//<a/ihePoet,sshimfclfwttoe(Tethinhis firftbook.had moftpUafanianddcleiUbleboit-yards 
 inthefsaie/4«/f«/»j-. 
 
 CHAP. X. 
 The hiU ani field FMkant/he temple c/ Apollo and Mars, the NaumachiCj thccirqttc 
 
 hort-jards and OhelishjfCxiu, 
 
 THe mount Vaticane and the plain thereto, were without the City, 'in the partsbeyond the 
 Tyber, and in that very place, where at this pay m the church of S. Peter, and the Popes pa- 
 Ucc.Called it vuisf^aticattuffiitbegodraticannsby whofe inltinft& infpiration it was belec?ed in 
 , c!d time that prophcfics were delivered. And tbis god i bey callcdFiwcrwWjforthat m power was 
 ihc beginning of mans voice, for as much as infants, io loon as ever they come into the world* 
 preiently pronounce and utter the fitft ly liable of this gods name*.* ra. 
 l^a froni jtie temple of yi/)fl*?o was in Vaticane, io that very place, as men think, whereon at this day is 
 
 bene: cometh ^ pftrov- Is jt Parnels ch\ircb,3\io inoihct ofMors, wherein ftaflrtc-h S. c%rtr/#/inf*^r<^«/.Dp- 
 nagire m a- ^^^^^ portway called fometime Triumfhalit, CeUtMs writetb, that /»//*; PahIhi the Poet had 
 bortyards in the Vaticane. 
 
 The vale Vaticane is there alfo to be feen, wherein Nero enclofed a compaffe of ground like a 
 ring for tor'deandbicak hcrfesin. Ihc conventicles alfo and wine-taverns there he adorned. 
 Moreover, Nerohzii hort-yards in that place, which he (et forth for divers and fundry punifti- 
 ments and tortu; es of Chiiftians. aH this place thus endofed, be called the Cirque. Alfo tbc pools 
 madd for niip-ngb-, called jVaumachia. were there, and tnc Obelisk of Cafarm the way Trittm* 
 pbalis is yet to be lecn Handing upright. 
 ^ ' CHAP. XT. 
 
 The way er (Irtet Triumphalis, the water Sabbatins, thefefulchre o/Scipio. 
 
 OF the Triumphall way, there hath been fome mention made before.Called fo it was, for that 
 thcfolcmn pompof tnun-.phuled to go that uay up into the Capitol. Tfa!S as well as others 
 was paved with flint Itone. It went on ftill to the back porch of S, Celfus, towards the plain field 
 oi Flora: and fo forward to the temple fometime oi'J»»a, now S. hfigelo, and from thence to S. 
 Georges church in Velaham.ln the pontifical hort-yards there be many . ntiqaitics found brought 
 thither frons other places; and nsmcly, the proiraiture and cour.terfet of Ni/us, alfo ofal 
 fotis of creaiurcs living and encrcahng tbere. Lil<ewife of Tjl^er, with the yeclding het 
 teats to be (uckedofthe founder s of ^ow?. A^oZfo with his bow and arrows ; the ftatue of L*- 
 ccsen, whereof hath been fpoken before, C^P'^ bard by FenHs. Many other things before appear 
 in the gallery,and thofe hort-yards. 
 
 The wa'er Sabbatina^ was derived to^oiwfffromtbeSabbatinepool,called A»^««/frtr*nand 
 afterwards when the ccnduft and conveighance thereof was by Hadrian reftorcd, it was brought 
 into the pa acec-fS. /'fr^rj to fervc the priefts there. 
 
 In Vaticane plain, not far from the mount reared by Hadrian, there flood a Fyrarois or tleeplo 
 ID times palt, under which they fay P. Scipit hfricanns lay cnterred. 
 
 CHAP. XII- 
 The mtunt •/'Hadrianus, and the mepdowt called C^uiniia. 
 
 AEliut Hadrianus reared a huge and mighty mount for his own fcpulchrc neer thebridgjE/««/, 
 
 overagainft the Maufoleum oi httguflMs. In which were beftowed fitft bis own afhes, and af- 
 
 '^-wards the relicks. fall the Aw««<f/. Thisisattbis day the fort of the Po/f/. Thefamc alfo 
 
 is called the tower ot Crr/ww/iWjfaccinfc one Crr/««»»',a factious captaiD,beId it a long time. 
 
 lee more in Pr««^w. ^ The
 
 The Topographie of Komc. 1 1 12 
 
 Toemeddows Cl$ti»tiaiatbe pliinfacicanns^ took the name oiQutntitis CincimniiKi, Read " — 
 
 Phinj bereot. No vv they be called hfrata. 
 
 CHAP. XIII. 
 Ofthoje thin£S which either have been, or remain mw mthoxt the gate F.'umt«ti»a. 
 
 THe firfl thin;^ prefenfcd to our fight when we are out of the gate F/ameutanA is the port-wa? 
 or cauley FUminii : whicb.ss wehavebcforenicwed, w.s by C«. f/iW/*/»/broi;"bt a- 
 long as far as Arimtnum, Within the City he paved it with flint or peblc. 'Without belaid it with 
 gtavdl. And in that ordcrb; all the port-waics laid about A'^w-. Upon this way hnguflHt made 
 tonr bridges, whereof at this day there remiin fcarccly any tokens. Nicr unto the cajlcy C^/^;- 
 had atarm or manor houle, which he called ai (jdUnas, The realonof that name L'.vj fhe wcih. 
 To the way f/4w.«^4, another named C/<» »^;(i joined upon which were the Han-yards o! Ovi^. 
 
 Toe way ^/Emjlui, made and paved by Lep-dtu the colleague ofF/aminiuj, ieadethfro;n An- 
 minffrms taias5s«»«/.j.Njvv two caufeies there wereotthat name, the one which met withi-V-*. 
 mintu: the other which Scauths laid and made,which went through P//« and Luna to the Sabatii. 
 In Iikemaner there was a way called TjbcTin,tiu6 O^j, without the gate now called r<W4rM> 
 which paflcd along time by Sntrittm, TetrelU and ViterlliUT) nto the way '^ttljin: nfis. 
 
 Certain places there be in the way FUminia Icmc vvbai hollow and fl»t like (addles^callcd tber- 
 fore Qlitelia. 
 
 Without the gate CoUatinn there is a caufey of the fame name. 
 
 CHAP. XIIII. 
 Ofthofe things that are reported to have bein without theg^ite Collonf, 
 
 'T'He port- way from the gate Coilma is called Salaria, becaufe the Sabines at it brought fait into 
 ■*• the City. There upon Rood the bridgSd/rfr/w/. And it reached toAr«>Mf»f4.M. In u was the tem- 
 ple of F««/ E'-rf">»i. vowed by F4^/«/ the Diftator, and dedicated ty L.Pertms. There ftood 
 the image ot F'ef>usrerttcordt4,{oca.\\edfoT thitihe averted mens minds from wanton lult.Like- 
 wile the temple of Hanor,ind an altar in it. Finally, the monument or tombof Lio'/»;«/ the barber 
 
 of hHgfiftHS. 
 
 CHAP. XV. 
 
 ''he things that either were, or at this dij are without thegtites Nuajentsna and Intraggeres. 
 
 VV 
 
 TIthout th:^iXt:N«wtntM.i, there beginneth a caufey of the fame name, by wb'chmeni 
 gotc- N««>.-«f*»».The lame is called f/^»/,f»^/,of the potters furnaces there ftandiHg.Tbe 
 goddcflc N-o/tf^whicb w..s wont to wait & attend upon funerals with dolefull plaintsand lainen- 
 table monss, is reported to have had a temple without this gate. In like maner, other gods and 
 goddefies. which are luppofedtohurt mankiod.thcy ereiftcdtemples^but without the pate,becau(e 
 ihey fhould do the Icflc harm •• and namely, to the Fever^ to M^ry the revenger, to Nemefts and > .\ 
 
 lacb other. Upon this way A7;:»»«t.^»«» there appciretb a molt ancient temple o^ Bacchus about "„'rTuBeand 
 S, hgy.es church, and over the (ame ftandeththe bridgA'»wf»r/«w<;, built by ontNarfetesio Eu- floth. 
 nuch. Betweenthis way and J-^/;iri<», was a withdrawing houle in thecountrey of QPhanotusT 
 ^eras frecdm.an, in which N*r<» killed himlclf. Without the gate Interaggeres^ was a tower or ca- 
 llle called Cn/lad'^, wb^re the fouldiers ot Dioclefi.in kept a carps de guard. There alfo is a park 
 called VtvarriHm{no^ ytvartolumjiobc leen,whecc divers wild beilts were kcpt,more for plea • 
 Jure and delight, then profit and ule. 
 
 CHAP.XVr. 
 
 Ofthife things that withoMt the gates Efquilina, Nxvia, Cslimontsna, and 
 Gy\iin\%.^either have been or now are, 
 
 FRom the gsf e Ttbstrtina, there gocth a way of the fame name leading to the City T^bnr. Up- 
 on it there is a bridg M«i»>rf»/, commonly called Mamu/o tnd bcaringthenameof M<««w«^,A- 
 /f.V(«w</fr the Emperours mother, who repaired it. A place there i* by it called ?*;/«/<«, of a 
 multitude of pits there. Alio the bridg L»c<J«»,'..f, without the f aid gate itandcth over the river A- 
 Mw, And without the fame gatCjthe two tivcrets called A"** the old and new do gather a current 
 andrunto Rowf. 
 
 Witboutthe gsteE/^«/7;»(*8rewaiesL<^/r4«.faniPr<£w//»<«. In this way the water Appia 
 hath his head and begionttb, which by Appins C/andias was brought into the City. 
 
 The y^ntxVtrgo Ukewiie, which m time pall was llie wed by a maid to the fouldiers, is th« 
 way, and from thence is conveigbed to the City. 
 
 But the Roman waters (cefro«f<»*^, who defcribeth right excellently, the fource and begin- 
 ning thcconveighanccand carriage.tbfi end alio and u(c of every oneofthem. 
 
 At the end ot the way C-e/'W""""-?, beginneth another called C4ot/)<j«<i, which dofetb witb 
 Latina, the Between the oatcC<e//>w««M»(i«nd Latina, ftandcth the gate gabinft. From wbicb 
 
 there
 
 U2t The Topografhie (?/Romc. 
 
 there went a ivay lome time c41ed gabina, leading to Gtibii (but it runneth (oon into VrenefiiH^ 
 for that the Gabians dwell upon it. 
 
 CHAP.XVII. 
 
 Ofthoft things which were or are without the gates Lalina WCapena. 
 
 TTHc gate Latha^tyt both name and beginning to the caufey Z,-«f/«4, which through ifz-.v^. 
 «»OT,nowcalle(t'Vrf/->Ko»^oi8^and Ldt«»wreschethtoC«j?»pfl/«e.In whichtbcrelioodiDold 
 time, thetemple ot^o«ir»/-/isrf«><?,and thein»age of the lame goddefle. Qi which wriiethf'^- 
 Itriks Max. In the (aid way the water T*p»/<s gatberetb to an he^d and cutrent. From the gate 
 ^;»;>f.?,faeginnethacai4'eyotthatramtjpavcdby.Ap. Claadifts istivis to Capna^ Whereof look 
 ihStrabo. 
 
 At the gate Capena, was the temple of Mars the warrior,or Grandivus ; and therein the fcut- 
 cheon of M<i?-/.Hard by the fame temple was the ftoce Manalis brought into the City oiRome in 
 time ofadtonght, and prefently there aroleaftiowrofrain; whereupon he was] called ^,«. 
 7)alis. In the way CaptKa, ftood the oratory or chippcl! of Dea hona : and neer to it, they fay,that 
 Clocliuizud VnpiriHs were flam. Ncer to the gate C<2;if»4, wasthe altar of ^;)o&,the lacred grove 
 of Honour, snd the temples ci' Hope 3.ad Minervci.LWewilc ofTempefi,baik by MarcellusMoit- 
 bver, another of A/V/fc«/aw : becauie; /J«M/^4/hsving there encamped, was enforced to depart 
 from thence mocked and Icorned. Upon the way -4/);»/4wastbe bridgFd^»/«»»/, iuiu j-y the 
 Emperor Vulms^ and thereupon, neer the hill Maffica, ftandethlhe town Sinnejfa. 
 This way had certain notable lepulcbrcs, namely of Collat-.tius, the iicipiot, the ServiiU^ Mctelli 
 Tftllti, of EHt!iHs,VotMpcius, ihe Horatii^ind other. And in that partis to be (een the plain, wher- 
 upon the Heraii, fought that famous combat to the uticrance. In it alfo there is a water and wel- 
 fpringjconlccrsf ed to A<fercurtc, To it upon a time when the people oi' Rome ran, every man dipped 
 therein his branch of lautell, and therewith befpriokled them that were next, wif h an invocation 
 to ^Sercmie ; that as many ashadlhisafperfionandfprinkling, mightbe affoiled of their finnejf, 
 snd of perjurie efpecially . The grove alio of ^geria was this gate. The way Ltimentma fell into 
 iyipp i.i : wherein S Sebafitan (by report) luffered even in the very place where they ulcd (o fo- 
 iemnifc the feaft T«r«»i»d/«^, JO the god of Meets and Bounds T'f^wi»«j 
 
 CHAP. XVill. 
 
 -Ofthofe things that be without the gate Hoftienfis, and others in gen erti 
 
 |;]Rom the gate Hoflienfu beginnetb the way Hoflienfii which leadetb to HoJ/Ja,built byAneus; 
 
 It* 1 his was cailed'in old time,tbe gate of the three twinns brethren,or Trigeminorum: and with- 
 out it, Livj fetteth the purfe or marchants hall, Empormm, 
 
 . lu that pirtoitheCity on the other fide of the Wa!er, were tbi-ee gafes, VortuenfU^hurelU 
 FontimUs.ht Panwirw/tf, beginnetb away of that oamcard leadeth lo the port town Ofiia: whete 
 there was a temple ot Ponuutu^ the god of havens .• and wherein the f call Per/ww/M was cele- 
 brated to the honour of that god. . 
 
 From the gate hureliay the way alio Kurelia takcth beginning; which along ihe fea-coaft of 
 7-/[ia/(r/<«, kadeth to P//i. The fame was called 7>«;(iwfl of 7r<j/<a»«j who repaired it : wherein 
 were the hott' yards of Gdba the Emperor ; and there alfo was bis fepulchre. 
 [_hx {'az^MtFontinalis^yNi^iiit fea't FtfW»w<i/irt celebrated at ^awf, namely ,[£0 the goddelle of 
 tounl ains, as laith S^.vf . ?ompeius. 
 
 To the Reader. 
 
 FOr as much as Titus Livius *'/ prolix andffttt of variety : and howfeeverotherwife willing e- 
 nough tofpialiotir language, yet moft loth to forbear and forget certam Roman werdt wherwith 
 Jo ioKg time he hadbeen accjuainted:aljo for that now & then hefaith one inhis Engltf^ tongite 
 and ifjhts French and Italian another ', whereby he may be thought either to trip ^or to have 
 forgotten himfelfy and the fault smpHtedto his teacher : .nthefe regards^Txe thought) lowedthut 
 much for their fa!^ and cinverfe with "Engl:^ Livy ,rfj tojatisfe them in that behalf, A twofold lu* 
 dex therfare I have digefied : the one direUing and leading readily to the moH material and princi- 
 pal matters conteined in the whole body of the Hiftorj : the other expounding thvfe things that may 
 feem at firfi flranq^e tothemofi: andwithall,jhewing here and there the reafoH cftheforefaiddifa* 
 greement, hvping that at ufe willma\ethem more familiar in thofeftrange fhrafe s '.fo deeper and f^* 
 ther conference with him lu the primitive Latine (the Oftlj touchjlone <f his truejpeech) JhaB excufe 
 and acquit me ofpifl blame ^ who have endeavoured that he might deliver h'Smindiu Efglijhyifutt 
 Jo eloquently bj many degrees ^yet as truly 1 as in Latine,
 
 ■- j jLiT j gjwy i 'I 'tfi ii t -H i t! ' ^t"'? »I U>'aJJ. *'*itt C*^ «> ^ "' 
 
 An Index, 
 Pointing to the principall matters contained in the 
 
 Hiftory of Tiius 
 
 Lntus. 
 rnnthe marchs ofTht^i\on\ct,6^/^.n.thef fV' 
 fefe e-mitj K>ithKoa\Q-yi-] d.jhej futltcitHi* 
 bis,Pailip and Antiocbus,<<f'»i«/? the RofOArn 
 ih.e, they defend Hcraclea, 747.<f. they m^ 
 mettnt for peace vpith Rome by the Rhodiats 
 
 ABdctites cowfLnnt e/Htleofis. *o7?.=» 
 
 Acedux htsfithtil fraHife with Bollar. 358.^ 
 
 ./icarnaMidns invaded bf hcopK the Mtolian.qZj.c 
 
 their memortthU refolution to fight and die for their andhthenians 7 Zg.c.refnfe no condition ofpeact 
 
 eoHntrj.ibid.d. they an fttt to death bj the Athe- w,th the Remans 792. /. they accept peace with 
 
 • niaos for entring the templt of CcreS 6 JO, k.. they hard coniitiont So i.e. articles of peace h:tvce» 
 
 irarwttbthe Athenians. ibid> k, themaHdtbeRsmins.^ozh.thenfendembsjfa- 
 
 j^ccenfi. 234.W ^«r/ rs Antiochus, ^zg. d. alf^tothc Romm 
 
 .Acerrans made dentins o/RomC. 240.W C.ofik.f.thcj obtain truce of the IXoKans. 8 14,» 
 
 AcciusTolliuj. 57-<^ the j crave pard'^n of the Romans. 823. c 
 
 Acilios invejieth Lamia y^^^cforceth it.ib.d.ajfuu/- Agit^tiMi a receptacle of rogues cs" theevcs, 3,91. e 
 
 teth Atnpbifla . ib>d.m Agsma. 755-^: 
 
 ti.C\\\\MC\iixinotriHmfbetb-yj9.Jlr4tagemiHf»iCiHg Agtlr(so\is the right inheritor of Laced' 66$.a 
 
 Hericlei. 749" Agiifpides. P3P> 
 
 Ul. Acihus G\i.ht\&ca//ed in ejuejlion for embez^eUtng Agraria lawfirji publifhedt 59.^ 
 
 JC. Antiochas treafnre, y^6.h. he taketh bisjourny Agraria law. jp.c 
 
 («f <it»^Antiochu$738.<.^// oration to his fouldiers. hgtig^mwrn furprifed by Lxvinus, andbetraied 
 
 74^.» hyfAmnts. 4*3-/ 
 
 fithxxfollicited to fide with the Romans 6^i.c,:hey Ahrix cohortes. t9l,c 
 
 revoitfromVii\hp. "2-91. d Alx Ucrx equituoj, ^Z2,o 
 
 Achaans Ivy hard impcfitiotis upon the Lacedemonians Alba longj bntlt. 4. i 
 
 %\2.b. and thty rule overthem, 843. <i A\birafed. l^-k. 
 
 Adultery fined f>9Ak. Jlbanefoo/,ovtrfiorvethfirangely,l$6.nOraele 
 
 ty£dtletcuruUfirflchofen. 19S.e of Dt\phi aS touching the Atbane lake. ib, 
 
 ^Qiylia /iDP. i2g>d Alcon and A\orcns me dtarors for peace between 
 
 j^myhz law for abridging the Cenfor/hif. ti^.g Aanibil and the Sagftniens ^i-^.g. Alorcus*6<.p 
 
 JEa>)liasMimetc\iS difgf aeed by the Qtnfors 128.1. orationtotheSagumttts. ibid, 
 
 his valour, 1^6.1 Ann\hi\ his capisulations for peace with the Sa' 
 
 jEniy\iusQ;C;Eret«nusyZd<». iSg.c guntins ib, hisfpetch to the Spaiif/f foxtdiert 
 "L- JE:r>y\aiVivA<^i his Jifioularforecafl g^S.e bis ora- 
 tion to the people when he took^his viia£eagaiufiPei- 
 
 lfUS947.<". hawhe findetb water g'H.e.bts good 
 
 frder in the army ibid, d. bts fpeech t» his army 
 
 954. b, his fpeech to yongH»C^C% g^'y.f. his oralt- 
 
 to his fjutd'ers9'i9 . ». he weepedforPexi'eas pSi.m 
 
 his enterteinment «/PerfcUS prifoner.964. k.. hispro- 
 
 grefe throngb Gteccc. 9i^.b.his magnificent port 
 
 at A(nphipolis.977''' bt raifed andra*ifackedthe 
 
 Cities ef\\\y{\ZQai-919- e.htsretur*ito Komc.ib.f. Altxjndri»j« jEgypt/f7.'.'«ijf. 154,9 
 
 beis denied trtuntph. 980. b, bis triumph 9%l, d. A\t-x\r\iilthe great comparedwitb the Remans. 
 
 his oration to the people after bis triumph ib.g.hts 0- -59-'* 
 
 ration to hisfeuldiers 9S8 l.he van^»,(hetb theLigt' Alex. Yiing of Epiros his unfortunat death.Zi^^.t 
 
 rians%9^.d.be triumpheth over the Ingaunt Ltgu- Alexander iv. e/Epirus<jrr/vr(;i«» Italy. 33i.» 
 
 rians. 898./. A\exinAiit the great. ibid. 
 
 L.^myliuS Pro'pretor vanqnifhtd by the Vortngalsin Alexander the tA.tiliansfpeech in tbepArley be 
 
 Spain. 119-^' twe!n?\\\'ap & Q:\\m\i%6^i.f. his words in 
 
 L. jEiiyl'us Regillus rode in a nam all triumph 7 "iS.a t^e DietofCouath. <S97./ 
 
 be leadiih againfi Vtiixt. 765 a A^cxiadef a politinan entertained by Antiochas, 
 
 jEneas his coming iu Italy. 3 c.be cfptnfed Lavinia tb. 699. bts oration. ibid.d 
 
 died i- h. en:eriered 
 
 iij.b.his vifioM ib.g.paffeth Iberus ib. tranf- 
 ports his army ov:r rljg Rholinc ib. his oratian 
 to his fouldiers 1%-j.d. he compofeth the difcord 
 o/AliObrogcs at -variancs ■i.g^.d.a^procheththe 
 Alps 3 3 z.kjntreth into Italy 3 3^'. ». bts arati- 
 on to his fouldiers bsfore he encountred P.Scipio 
 ^IJ.d.prcmifeih them rewards jSi bound it with 
 an oath 338. i.ht difeomfiteth the Romans at 
 Ticinu5. 339^ 
 
 tbid. h. Alexander 4'/?«<& l>i3bKy2(f.d.a»d feifth Lace- 
 
 431.* demcn.ib. murdered tb.f 
 
 I'io^.a Ales t^der the Acarnanian Sed of bis bnrt at 
 
 2^<i.d Tbermopylz 74^-^ 
 
 123.^ Alli*^*"'' 1^8.6 
 
 183/ Allenfisdics 178W 
 
 iE'.culapias bit image brought to Rome. 324.W A\\\xx'vi% honourable reward by Sc'\p\o 503-/ 
 
 his temple, ** ib, Altinius offeteth to betray Arpi c^\^f. his cafe de- 
 
 ^'.olixns entarcirun one upon another. M^.a bated in councel.'b. committed to prifonfindmijf- 
 
 EtoliAn ^rfifollieited to fide with the Romans. 2^6.1^ ed in Arplib.g.bis wife & children cruelly burnt 
 
 the capitHlations between them, ib. m. they ever- ^»/c^^/ Annibal 3*4-^ 
 
 jimbttton 
 
 jEooa m danger to be betraied to Himilco. 
 
 iEpulo a Ktng of the Islrians killed himfelf. 
 
 fy£<jHians diftrojtd. 
 
 ^4'lquimelium. 
 
 Ararii.
 
 J he index to T.Livius. 
 
 _AmbiUon orjuhgfer dignities rc^rttined dj a law P7. oratien in the Sen, c/Rome z^ij he contemn- 
 De Ambitu Itjt 905 ./ Keth the dtvineprwer And fals down the flairs 
 
 Ambiacii^tfiefltHatioMthereoficifivaliavt/jdefin' ly2.« 
 
 dedagai»f1M. faWius the Keman Conful ^xi.e Antepiltni 1^5/ 
 
 their ftratagem agamfl thefionerJth*l undermined Antiates live Hnder Rom.gevernptent ij^J 
 /iiy.d theireomflifitsef M.faUias 854.» Anticyra »»« ^; Valerius /-evinus 83(5,/^ 
 
 JiwbtiCiijieeldfd i>) ccmfoftticn 79 2./ Antigonus hit tejfon te his Jons ^a faithful friend 
 
 Amilcir \nnii)i.\'S father died ^x-j . b Amilcac the fan to Y.wg Philip 848.^ 
 
 e/Gilgo reediedMtlMt tothcRomans 321. c Antiochjs fleet overthrown at Myonefus724./ 
 
 Amilcar /if/if f/;c« Plscentia aedbcfiegeth Cremona Knt\oc)i\Xifend:th i\S2ipio his fen unto hint ly 
 6'iitnflAin before Q.xcmQ'a^ 6'i-9-f ingflck.'Ji^ he encamped flrong/y neer Sypahm 
 
 Aminandcr reeovereth the crown again e/Athatninia, _ ib. biS maner oftmbattelling againfi the Rom, 
 'J99.b excafsth himfelfe to the Romans ib, invaded 74*. Jw van^mfhed and put to flight j^-y.fhis 
 Tbcffalonics ib. embaffage ur^te the Senat tf Rome "j^o n he fu- 
 
 AmiMiiSufxrpelh theKingdome ofh\bTi,^Jkilled%.c eth &m'j\\\i% fir peace S'yZ.l findetb embajfa, 
 Ancilia. 1 2.» to ?tufjis ji^.h he reedifieth Lyfimachis 6\^.f 
 
 Adcus Martins K/'»^ o/'Rome i9-c Anriochus i«»o/Anuochus </»«<& 652.4 
 
 At\ix.oViod\:)\mjeiz.eci(\n\a\i)piirtofSytic\^Utehis Antiochus receivedat l-zm'iibjthe t/£tolians 
 ownufe J^6p. a his oration to the people ib, he is che- 74I. n hit jpecch te the ty£telians ib, o his em- 
 fen Vretvr of Sy racufa 495 . c plotted to be K. ibjlam baffaders gloriottsjptcch to the Ach&ans in the 
 w/7/&Tbemiftbeus/orf;tf^/o« ib. f councelof &,^\\xva-, "Jl^. f he gathereth togcm 
 
 L. Anicius hath triumph granted 1 ip,_f ther the Macedo, bones flain at Cynocephalx 
 
 L. Anicius irittmpheth ib. 748. i(^ he winnth Phatx; and Scotpla: 74?.c 
 
 Annibal difappomted of Lis cunning plots at Salapia falieth in love with a maiden of C balcis 7 j i i 
 5 oi.a he delivered his fpeech to King Antiochus in gtveth him/elf to pleafare ib.ffHrprifethMedio 
 cuuncel 7 1 1 .<« his words le Antiochus 739.e hisfaf bj treafonj^C.i van^Htfhsd bj Acilius Glabrio 
 ingforthe lojsofTircnwn 505. e h:s cunningpra- at Thttmbpytx y6o.h gapeth after the King' 
 iiifebj the Matapsntmesib.f he viUuallethCz- domofty£g^pi lOo^, e his embafaders ceurtt- 
 fai,va>:(jMilhed before Cilp\ii i\i^x he marcheth to- ouflj entertained at Rome. P^S-J^ 
 
 »<jr(^/ Rome 426, b removethfrom Rome4!p.^ Antium»o» 56o.a 
 
 fiveareth to be on enemji to Rome zop. d.fentint9 KWtxabeJieged ^66.g 
 
 Spiia.hisvertaesandvices 241 . bforceth Ciitcii^ Colony at hawxc I9».» 
 
 Hermandica,Arb2Cula,<i«i^/.'^i»«/; the Capet anes. Apocleti 725.^ 
 
 ^16.1 hebeflegeth Saguntum 257.^ wounded.zzj .4 hnaWmvc games and plaits /^o^.gto bt exhibited 
 hispellicy and c>afty devtfes at Trebia 347./ another yeerlffer ever. 45 5./ 
 
 cfhisftratngems ^^/{.l his impojt.'ieni ijpnthe Rom. Apollatina hejiegedbj Phii'p 43*-' 
 
 prifcnersatCinox^<fg.c he is enterteired at Capuii Appia via Si aqua Claudia i^, 
 
 362 /;. difccr>ifi:ed by MtxCcV.us befcre '!<ioh:^6^, d -^^ of appejing to the people 14.6 
 
 wounded necr Placentia :; 1 9 .g.he forcei hVxcam vie Appius Caccus hts Cenforfhip 22a. i^ 
 
 and his cruclij there tb.diflrefed for cold in Apenni • Appius Claudius hts jouldiers mutiny 6^f 
 
 aasib.welleKtetteinedbyihe Ligurians ^lO.n.his AppiusCLudius dedm^iteih hisfotildienjo.l 
 apothegm of ^iW'U^ ^21 oforLidby the GaHls^2^.e he is arraigned ib. died 71.4 
 
 maicheth inia Hetruria u/ith great danger ^74. g Ap.CliadiasDecemvir becometb popular 95.a 
 lo[} er.eefhiseies .i^.fhis treajurj aadfaljhoed ib. Ap.ClaudlUS^u /<?« tmmietothe commens\9,b 
 he hangeth a artidefor mifah^ng one word 3 ib.m his hi s ambition ib,his luj^ ts Virginia 9j. a accu- 
 firctagem ai CsUiculla 5 ? "j.dhe bringeth Fatjus /»- fed b/ Virginius 1^4.'^ 
 
 to fujpicun oftreafon 328. (^wtmtth Acerra ? 29. J' Ap. Claudius kilieth himfelf i o6>b 
 
 te'feged Cafi ioum ^io.ohets repu/fedfrom thence ^^. Appiusy2,!i/» by the Gauls 774-' 
 
 ib,aff'ailethCvisnes^^9fh!.<fiMpwards tohisfoul- Ap.Clauldius his oration againfi Licinjus aud 
 dietsbefore\<\o\i^O%.e dfcomfitedthere ^/Marcel* Sextius I49'« 
 
 lus lb. f his rare gifts of {eepmg hit armies without L. ApuftiusyZd/« bji the Ligurians 2 J 2./ 
 
 mmmj 49 5 c nounded b farehacu 5 84.i& his furious Aquilonia burnt 239.^ 
 
 words whin he was fen t for out of Italy S^9.g he maf Aquilae or j£o[es in the Roman army 448./ 
 facreth the Italians in fan^uaiyib,f he departeth out Ara Maximireared ^.b 
 
 of Italy ib.e he and ScipioeE emred view together ^his ■Arches triumphant fet «^^/C.Lentlllus <<;Roine 
 'OrationtoSdp\o6i.o they embattle their fiuldiers 6^6,h 
 
 6l6.h va?:qf!ilhed by Scipio 617. alntblunt ufage Archimedes lulled 4P2.<t 
 
 ofGiigointLe Senat houfe 6fCAuh3ge§j2,icem' Arch\caedc5 honoured by Memcellus af/nrhis 
 flaif.ed ofbyiheCuriha^mians.t'f^bhefeekjngtobe death ib. At Co bit oration in the ciuncelofA' 
 pepuhtrat Carthage, incu> ret h the maliceofthe no. cbxaftr Pcrleus P30.W 
 
 bles 666.k.he flieih jecretlyfrcm Carthage '"f A- hrdectes and AricineSrft controverfe f.b tut land 
 ilicU 6 J ^. i emeneined ^.t lyras lb Cometh to EphC' '^3/ 
 
 fus'^./ir»>»frfe/«f^^; Antiochus 6j^,chiscounjfelte Ardea made a colony lij.c 
 
 Amiochus ii/uJptUedofhim:becleeretb himfelf te Areus <i»j<i Alcibiades ccndeaned to die in the 
 Aw 682, k^he drinketh poifon and died ^99.c Acbian counfel 825.^ 
 
 Annarialex Sgi.h AgdvesexpeUthegarrifons 6^2.1 
 
 . Annius hisfpeech in the counfel e/Latium 2 3 1 .dhis Argos befiegtd by T.Gl,uintius Flatninius 6 j 6./ 
 \L Argos
 
 The Index to T.Livius. 
 
 Atgos rohbei as will ^; l^abis Ml his wift <Jj8.« one hour ^j 
 
 Argos betrMedinto the hwds (»/Philocles.639,j- Am(«ni»nt war agAinfl: the Romani 75?/ 
 
 Argytalpides j/\6.h Axylos j^^j 
 
 Ariitites ffudith his j8H£f*tt to defireM^ht up at B 
 
 Rome 924.0 Ty Acchtntles horv thej h^M at Rome 10^ f.c 
 
 Ar'iiibe Jj/rfpfech inthe ceunceltt Ctnnth.b'^i h MJB^iCChtniks overthrown and thcefcMderr ex- 
 
 Arifthcnus the Preter hii /peech,>» the Diet of the rented loAt-i 
 
 ^ehaans 6^S.k^ Bidias a C^fttan challefigeth Cafpinos his hofl at 
 
 Atiltomichus tetraieth Cxoton to Ann'ibal^ioJ Rome to acorMht 4jo.« 
 
 Audo revej/ed the f lot e/Andtonodows 242. « BattiMgef wild he afs at Komi 9$S * 
 
 Ax\\\o ameffer.ger of credence jent from Ann\ht\ to Balifis 405^ 
 
 Carthip.e 6-ji.rH BiCillK the Baotarche mmrdered 6jif 
 
 Atcuamfaved from the revolt <\56.h Barriers called Cerccres made i» the Cirque. i^^k 
 
 jlrtieles of peace exhibited to Zcuxis/er Antio- Bafiarniansfurprifedwithatemptft ^^o.h 
 
 cbus . 7J®f ■^'*"»' ^«w«» L. Scipio Afitticus, W Antio- 
 
 Arufpiccj 382.* cbus 7S5.c 
 
 Afcanius ^cr^J ^.d Battell betweenPetCeas and the Romans 9%2.n 
 
 Afdrub»l Aaiilcar hisminiovandfon iulaw /l4tn Battelbetwien Ann\bt\aBdVex{c\i% 9^i'.l 
 
 ^iS.n Battel at jea between Romans and Carthaginians 
 
 AidrabiX brother toKx\n\\>*\paJf*dover^\iXfi^7,l ^([/ir^Libybxjin i°9f 
 
 Afdrubil ov r thrown b J C(\. clpioat/ea 260./ Battels doubtful between Samnits and Romans. 
 
 Afdtubal/c« o/Amilcir overccme in fight bj the '^S?./ 
 
 Scipios. 280. # Battel between Adiahil and Remans 444.« 
 
 A\drubi[Ci'ivas t'ic.h. taken prifoner with Hin- Battel bettveen Aan\bl\andScipio ^S^.d 
 
 Cioa<dMi^o 328.^ Battel at Tvtbii 335'</ 
 
 AdrahA brother to hr\mh»], deceiveth CltVidias Battel at Thtifymems 350.0 
 
 t^eroinSpi\n.andeftapeih his hands 3^4^ BcUona 248.? 
 
 Ai^iabt\ put to flight by Scipio 450.i(l Beneventins enterteinCnccbaa &his army ^S^ c 
 
 Aid(ix:it\ brother to Aur,\ot\Jlain 4»2.6 Temple of Bendis.i. Diina. 813./ 
 
 Aidrubal/9«e/Gifgop*f to flight bj P. Scipio A - Bigat. 321 . c 
 
 f ricanus ^19 c Biliftages his embtfsie roM.Porcious Cato O'^o.g 
 
 Annib j1 Haedui bis oration in the Senat of Rome Bi^ps chofen out of the commons aao./ 
 
 forpeace 621.C BoccufettethMtntniSi to flight S5»'t 
 
 Afdruojl HxJus laughed when other jighed in the hcsotxtt.iunthankfHll to Quintius 6i9.a 
 
 Sevat */ Cartbige 5$o.h Boeotians and Thel^ans faOto t ebbing the Romans 
 
 Afia an effeminate nation B26>l,corrupteth the Ro. 633.^ 
 
 man maners 1026m BcEb'iQSflainbj tbeLigurians 752.OT 
 
 AlCfipti 1004-^ Basotarches ,b,e 
 
 AdapibefiegedbftheRomani ^J^.w Bo\ot\xaJaileth the Reman camp 6^9.% 
 
 Aftapians their cruilrtfolution ib, Baleare Hand, • joj.tf 
 
 A{y\Qmereiled Cg Boiats dffeatedb) the Romans 934 J 
 
 Athenian Embajfadmrs thtnl^ed bjthe Senatof B\i(\a% and Y>\(\a% betray Si\t^\t 4l5-f 
 
 Rome 53^'.? Hennas difcomfiteth he Romans ido./e 
 
 Aiheniats imbajfadors fpeech inthe general conn- Brutulus PtplasaSamnit kil/ethhintfelf. ajp.^ 
 
 a 
 
 eel of the JEtoltant againfl Philip 6^jfprofeJfed 
 
 enemies to VhxVw^ 6o2.h j, Hzatiii putt eth to death his own children, 39 ,g 
 
 Athenians draw upon them war with Philip 5i<5./ 
 
 . Brutus counterfeiteth afoot 5 2.0 
 
 3rutaskjlled in fight tg.e 
 
 Aihoniansfpecch lathe Panatolian diet 725.^ ]i\idites General of the Spaniards tal^n frifener 
 
 Atrius Vmocr and Alaius C.-ilcnaSyCaptainsofthe 6'i$.e 
 
 mutinous fouldters at Sacrd 5^4/ Belligenesrevardedbj the Romans 4c8,/^ 
 
 Attalus brother of Eamtnts^is good parts 7 Jj.c Bula a noble Litd) relieved the Romans at Canufi- 
 
 Alulas b) other of Eamcatshiuourably entertained um ^59.f 
 
 at Rome 719/ Bulla Gsllca »73.<^ 
 
 Attshs bountiful to ^icyone <542> C 
 
 Atii\\iS fendeth a erown of goldtoRome 6^l,b /^V\rHaiCxci\iailAett\\a5 perfwadeth to leave 
 
 AttJlus his embajfadors [fpeech in the Senat of V^L Italy 40?.? 
 
 Rome (>'^9.b i^,<x(.\\\\is Me{e\\\iihis oration to reconcile the 
 
 Attalub roiallj received <if Athens 593. c two 0«/ir/,/tmylius Lepidus and Fulvius No- 
 
 Ani\asdieth6jl.bhisfraife ib. bilius ' $$.d 
 
 AUiUs a trtfje at Atteos 930./ Cxio Q.a',m\iS an adverjar^ of thecemmons accu- 
 
 AuiliusRegulus/«<L'"»P»''/''W »4o.i& feda>idbanifl>ed Sl.a 
 
 AttiiiusRegulus/j// opinion of theCa^uans ^H.g CtiXtsrvonbj the Romans li^.e 
 
 his fattbfulnejfe and death ^60. i Callicrstes the Schaan his oration againji Philip 
 
 AvenMneffc*/&«// 3.^ in the maintenance of the Roman league. 924./ 
 
 Av"i:i'^y regarded ^6.g M.V. CtmlWai his vow and praier ^59g 
 
 uiugursnumiredod 283.C C mi\\vi'& hi striurrsph 74.* 
 
 Augurs chofen out of the commons Ijj/" Camiliusrrfafffr^h Rome ib» 
 
 Auronii, Minturnx, and Vcltina lofl bj rtafon of Camillus
 
 he Index to T.Liviubv 
 
 Camillus cLijwadeth the tranfmigration f eVeii.i64'0 CaftoE his temfle 5 9.^ 
 
 Camillus his oration in the Senat i^- CiRalo l^etraiedto the Romans "iS^'S 
 
 l.\J',Cim\\\yishisde.ith a;:dpr^iifes ^Q'^.d CaRvIo aCityinSpziQ re iioiteth to theRomans ib. 
 
 c'an'v.a:ifoKUiers cofffi>}cd in Sicily /owf to Marcel- Cataphrafti equites 77S>.f ' 
 
 \};^%toheem}loied^Q\,foneofthemmakcthanora.- ^atapults _ '^■Ti.d 
 
 ' tio:i to h:r.-; »^. Marcus Porcius dto his oration tehis foiddiers 
 
 dmshmel Vlf^.g ^dgallants jig.d 
 
 CatfjpMc ent'c^ffdorsto the Senat o/Rome 152./ M.^or. Cato dif comfit eth the Spaniard/ -jl^.ehis 
 CaiKptifiean^aJfddorsfolliciteCumstorevolt S37'^ praifes for martial feats 7^^'£ 
 
 Ca:.7:p.'i>iectKbajfadors their fukilproBife tb, lA.P.C^tofi^hdueththeLacetanei 716./ 
 
 Cai^pane embajfadors overtaken in their osfn guile M.P. Cato forceth Vergium _ 7 17.4 
 
 320.1^ M.P. Cito triampheth over Spiin 7 1 8.0 
 
 Cawpa^e hrfemen er.fr anchi fed RomMS ^62,1 M.P. CatO his pratfe 711.^ 
 
 C2ir\\i.s\ilawpropofed 78. /» M.V.Czio his commendation 809,^ 
 
 Canukia law impugned by the nobles li6.h M. P.Cato createdCenjor Dgainji the wiUofthe no- 
 
 Cin\i\tn\avi>mat>:tainedbyCzTm\6viS ib. bibity 808.^ 
 
 Capitol favsdbygeefe to5-c Cauftes made about Rome 284.^ 
 
 Capitol tewple founded S'^'l Celeres ^ ^ lo.^ 
 
 Capitolbuihtffqaarefione ib, Celteberians leave Sdp'iO in the plain fiJd ^oz.l 
 
 Capitolioiludi ilp^ CenfefirfiinflitMed I20,h 
 
 Capua whereof it isfo called io$.f Cenfor chofen out of the Commons 2i6.» 
 
 Cii^madiffolineCitjandvi'anton SS^.h Cenforsjirfi createdat Rome 1 20.6 j 
 
 Capuans revolt to Aonibal and capitulate psace Cenfors call to accttnt all that had trefpajfed it%\ 
 
 351.^ maners 2o7.cf 
 
 CapHiinsermltytothe Romans amongfi them S^i'C Cttiteti\QsVtTi\x\z for his overbol<^efs (lain 454.I 
 Cn'^^^zmiirreth hr\Ti\\ii\ifotildiers ib. Centuries firj} apprinted 9.e 
 
 CzpUibefiegedbjtheRoman armies 454-'W Ceiealesludi 5'^^^ 
 
 Ca^VUdeliveredtotheRomans -^io.h Ceres 87./ 
 
 CapHitu nobles committed to ward ;«Calcs and The- Ceres ficrijices overlet at Rome upon the overthrow '■ 
 
 anum ^55/ at doDx 357'g 
 
 Capuan nobles exempted 340.i6 Ceflrofphcndon^ 993-'* 
 
 Capuan commonwealth abelijhed ^02.1 Cetrati _ 939'^ 
 
 Capnans compLiin e/Fulvins 452.*^ Chmh'asyeeldedP i\x^oX\$ unto the Rom. 201 .b 
 
 Cap/ians and otherCampans have orders fet down for Chalcis bejieged 484.^ 
 
 the/n 421.^ Chikisforcedandfacked by the Romans 59^*' 
 
 Capstans conrteoits hofpitdity tn theRom. 2og,g ChiXa'xsyeeldedto AviiiocYwiS 7°9-f 
 
 Capuans receive l.:ws a^d pnvojrs from the Romans Chalcocicos 7®3«* 
 
 253./ ChSLTOfUS t he Efirot friend to theRomanf 6^2.h 
 CapvSifarrendrcdtotheRomans 480 A ClaiYmsCencraloftheVolfciantakenpriJoner 99.e 
 
 Cap'ja/r.o/";/:>fMafleryii //rf»»^rMezetulus 580.3 Circus Maximus 22./!^ 
 
 A c^iptain of the Rom.caxtetoufly avoideth hisf. i h' Ciftop hori nummi 7<57.f 
 
 fwl pTo;ntfeoro^.th _ 3^'^'K Clcclii her rare adverture 43./ 
 
 Carpatians defeated by yi^danbilfonne of yjmikat CUdidiam betraied to ADmbs,] for wony ^ci.e 
 
 377.C Claudia //SJT 3°3.d 
 
 CirthaB^iniansandC\l\ii{^& contending one againji Ciondicuscaptainof the Gauls 9S4.<f 
 
 another in the SenAt of Rome 925,^ they arrive Claudius Cenfor would not at the time give over his 
 
 »Kf«>/'Spain 47^'" f^ace 219./ 
 
 Citibi^e andMi^i^T\\<ii. at fir ife for lands 922.^ Claudius Nero f^^cjt''«'^7 Marcellus 392./ 
 
 Carthaginians aidtheRom.againfi Jai\ochasy 52./ Claudius hurt before .Capua 398.* 
 
 Carthaginians congratula:ionwith theRom, l^2.i Clzud'msfuborned toJay claim r« Virginia 104.;^ 
 Ciirtha(rinians treat for pe^ce with Scifio 522,/ Chadivs condemned and confined lOJ.cr 
 
 Carthaginians accept of war densunced againji them Claudius MarcelloS winneth the third Opima fpo« 
 
 ;o2./ lia ^ . 203.(r 
 
 Cartha. better horfcmen then theRomans lOfi.i ClaudiuSy?fellus;>?'owib'rfr<'y;^//f/^/;r^/Iubelli- 
 New Carthrge how it is feated ^99.d usTaurea P'P.'^ 
 
 New Carthage iefiegedand affaultcd by Scipio ib, Claudius Pulcher his irreligion 392.;^ hegoethinto 
 New Cayfhage forced by 5cipio ^01,d his province diforderly 90 3 ,d he triumpheth ^oj.c 
 
 Carthalo/wf fo RomcwithRoman capti<!/es.^^2.l^ Ch^id'n his 0er fined for her intemperatetonguejbi 
 CitviWm his triumph. 257,^ Cleomenesj5r/? ryr^wf o/Lacedemon 673-f 
 
 C iiy{\m yeelded to t he Romans ^5^'^ Cleonymusvaneiui^ed by JEmylius 2']$, dhefor» 
 
 Cafilinum bileafuered by Anahi\..^and driven to ex- rageth the coajis of Italy >^. 
 
 tremity of famine ^92^ C\n\h deliveredtotheSamnits "iS^.e 
 
 CaCiYwamrelivedfecretly by Ciicchus 392.(7 Horaiiu? Codes /:?//Woar 41.? 
 
 CifiYinumyeeldeilto y^nnibal ib. C'^horts of four hundred men 163./ 
 
 CaffandfM the fit ether.- of 922.;^ Co\c%s and Lficinus rebel in S^iiD 6^0.i 
 
 Caflandria valiantly d:fend:d againji theRomans Colonels for legions chofen by the people %oo,h 
 
 -«««iEumenes ib. Coio^bonafsaultedby AnHocbws 7s>.». 
 
 CafTitnatus /?rtf«/«<? sl^irtftifhwtthf&tkus 925/ Colony planted at CzXti ''Sj* 
 
 i^\i.Ci\i\\\s feekethtobeK.^9 e.hedieth ib* Colonies
 
 The Index to T.Livins. 
 
 211./ 
 
 Cclanies places a: Alba and Sora. 
 
 Collina^«.v. 
 
 Combat hetrveen Conhi^i ar:dOl^\M, 49 «.^ 
 
 ComL'at between a Gaul a/ii Vaietius Corvuius. 
 
 Cominliitn won.'^J^^jKbtirnt. ibni.c 
 
 Pontius Com'imus his v.i!oi^r. ij^.m 
 
 Cotnitium covered over-'jeud. ^19-'^ 
 
 Commons lofl thetr hold in the Confulfhip, 1 9 5 .ff 
 Commons of Rome take the mount Sai er. S'i-S 
 Commotion .v^Ardca'/ occ.i/ion of a miirr:afe,9'^.>* 
 Temple of Coi-arddedic-.ted. 2 1 y.e 
 
 Conference between A'.Perleus,Marcius, end Phi- 
 lip. _ _ 92:j.f 
 Corferencehetween'^i\i\%And'\,Q^\'a.\\W%.6\%.o 
 
 665.r 
 Conference betwien hmi\\ii\ and%<i\^\o at tphe- 
 
 Conference between AlUiochus W r/j^ Roman 
 drle^cUes. 6^i.d 
 
 Congiaries. 751./ 
 
 Com a delivered unto Annibal. 3 3 1 .c^ 
 
 Confeniia rendredto Annibal. 7, 2j,b 
 
 Confpir^ic]/ of hcatas theCorf'ls fans and others. 
 
 37/ 
 Confpiracy ofl-ondjlaves detected. I O , .? 
 
 ConjpiracydeteEledat Syracufa:, and the con (pn a- 
 
 torspHt tode^th. 405.<i 
 
 Coiijptracy ofjl.ives deleted 4f S«ia. 6 2 5 .e 
 
 Conjpiracy at Cipxii. -^ 227./ 
 
 Confpiracy ofnolles dete&ed at Rome. 38./ 
 
 Cflff^' beiin to te in recjuefi at Rome. 841 .c 
 
 Confultations in Pcrfeus CouncillfWhether to war^ 
 
 or accept peace. 849/ 
 
 CoDioiWifirfl tnfiituted, q ,C 
 
 Conftilsfrfi created, 35.^ 
 
 Corbior^/f^. i5p,c 
 
 C.Mar.Coriolanus 55. d. <*ccufcd before thepeo- 
 
 ple.i''J>,!n-jhcd. 56.1 
 
 C.M.Coriolanus leadcth an army againfl Rome, 
 
 57. ^reclaimed by his mother andvfife. 58. /. 
 
 /.'*' end. ibid. 
 
 Cn.Cornel ins allowed to triumph. ^53./ 
 
 Cn.CornelinsLemulusfr/wwp/jff/;.' 637.^ 
 
 PuU.Cor.Ruffinns di(phcedfrom theSenat.i69.f 
 L.Corn.Metiila ivafieth the Boians country. SZ^^.l 
 
 he fought with them near Modstii.ibid.m.he ts 
 
 fecretly accufed by his lieutenant M, Claudius. 
 
 6gg.e 
 
 Pub, Cornelius Scipio Nafica dfcomfiteth the 
 
 Iwtans. ^^o.n. fleadeth for iriump'\ 341 .<< 
 
 tri:<r,!pheth. ibid. 
 
 L.Corncl. Sc\^\ofetteth forward againfl Antio- 
 
 chus. 759/ 
 
 Aulus Cornelius Coffbs /^' //?//; Lars Tolumnius 
 
 K.ofthcl^eientians. 2y-c. offereththefecondo- 
 
 pi.Tia Ipolia, ibid.d 
 
 M.Cornemis executeth tujlice in Tufcany. 59 5. f 
 Cornelius nd th ov^iit irty Rome, 597.^ 
 
 C.Cofnclius/f,'/ ir.to apu'fey and died. 920.W 
 CorolamiK dcfcateth the Roman:, ^^ 3 •/ 
 
 Corona Ci'.ica, 237.^ 
 
 Corinth beriegedbyl,QmT\\.\m. A'.Attalu-, W 
 the Ach&Htis, 61 ^.e, the fiege raifed by Ph'lo- 
 <-les. " 6ij.t 
 
 Cnrmudffions fined «t Rome. 809. c 
 
 Cojf lines receive new colonies. 6/^o.m 
 
 K.Cr)lis hti emiitjfa^e toRomc, lOZJ^c- 
 
 Criipinus^fr/(?;-wfr/j hit dsvoir upon Bidivs the 
 
 c iulienger. 40 ; ./ 
 
 Croton won by the Carthaginians, 3 ^i.e.ajfi^-l i 
 
 by ' hehrmn.i\oo.li.W9n a'l but the calfle.^^S.c 
 
 Crotoniaces tran/l.ttedtoLocii, ibid.d 
 
 Cufia. 84.« 
 
 Curiatii andHotun enter combat. I 5.6 
 
 Cuiix Kom:iaxfirfi ordained, 8.6 
 
 Curio Max, 47i.c" 
 
 CvTtins his like. ^oj.e 
 
 C.uniHS L u us n'hyfo called. '°7f 
 
 Cilitius hu valorous nfclntio-i. ibtd. 
 
 Cy bele brought f.-om Pclunus ro Rome, 5 82.^ 
 
 Cydiades {Pracor to the Ach^ans) a politique 
 
 man. 594.^ 
 
 Cynolarges /-wr;??^/^/ Philip. 57i.(r 
 
 D 
 
 DAmei of Romepartwith their ^oldandyw- 
 els for a I holy uf.\ 1 '^ ^ j^ 
 
 Damocles a>:d other confpirators kjlled in Ar^OS 
 bythegr^rnfn. 6()6.h 
 
 Damocritus Prator of the JE:olian[.^7^.c.uKpri' 
 faned atRoms, Jy^.o 
 
 Damocritus delivered to Acilius Glibrio, 7 29. e 
 his proud anfwcr to Qijintius.y i o.^. he k^.'leih 
 himfef. 784./J 
 
 Df^<«ff^fni'ff«Decius^»^FabiuSj Co;.fuls., for 
 their province, 2p8.»? 
 
 'Delate between the JEgians and Lacedemonians. 
 
 8ii.<i 
 Debts at Rome the occafion of f edition, 122.^ 
 Debtor privilcdged again/} hu creditor, 2 3 z,i 
 Debts cleared >it Rome. 178.0 
 
 Debts or privj feals duly patdby the finite of Rome, 
 
 5 82.« 
 Debts for Ijnc-moncf how dfcJ.arged, J 79.^ 
 
 Decemvirs agris dividundis, 5 6 2,0 
 
 Decemvirs created for mt>ks»g of laws, go.m.fove- 
 raign andonly A<(a^,flrats. ibid, thetr form of 
 good government, ib.o, they ajfeti tyranny. g^.h 
 Decemvirs for the lookj o/Sybilla. 3 5i.f 
 
 Decia law for wardens of the parts chcfen. 3 3 5 .c 
 P.Decius his valour .■:nd policy. 22 ■^.g. his fpetch 
 to thefut'.ldiers.zz 5 .b, he is praifed and rewar- 
 ded, ibid. 
 P. Decius devoweth himfelf for the fifitj of the 
 army. ^75./ 
 P.Decius the fan diethfor his army, 2 lo.l.folemn- 
 ly buried. -6^,c 
 Oration of P .Decius Mus. 2 54.W 
 Decrees for Jllyricum, 1219.*?. fjr Macedony. 
 
 1021,^ 
 Dscamam gate in camp. 281./ 
 
 Dcle^ats appointed for Maccdon <t»<^ Illyricum. 
 
 ICOJ.if 
 
 Delium. _ 705.(i 
 
 Extraordinary Deluge at Tiberls, 80 1 .<■ 
 
 Demarata wife of Andronodorus her unL.ippy 
 
 counfel'.^Ol e. (he is murdered, 409.4 
 
 Demetrius rendred t, Philip. 724." 
 
 Demetrius f/jf/;;; fl/A'.Phil,rf/; hoflags at Rome, 
 
 deliVi rc^ andferit home, 7 5 3 •* 
 
 'Demeix^^'iifcntinemljaJfagefromhisfatherVhX' 
 
 lip /£) Rome. 838.» 
 
 Demcc ri as ^7 4 w/if/«»-pr;/t-<i ^^^ Di odes f ^f e/C- 
 
 tJi.w. 728./ 
 
 Ddddd Demetrius
 
 The Index to T^Liv'm, 
 
 26J} 
 HI./ 
 
 Defnerrins letter hhved ef the Macedonians 
 that: his broi her Perfeu^,i«f fnffe^ed ofhisf.i- 
 , ii,,j.^ 804.W 
 
 Demetrius p9fo:ied a>idflrangled. 808.^ 
 
 Deniinrgi chit fAlagi ft/at s of the Ach£MS.66o.k^ 
 D'xagoridas .: traitor k,ilied in Sylheum . 698./? 
 DinaTauropolos. 
 Diana's Ten^pk O^ult at Rome. 
 DianaAmarynthis. 
 D'cia'.orfirji created, 
 Dicidtor r.ominiited in the night. 
 Dictator at Rome mounteth on horfeback, hj (pe- 
 ctalgraceand g^m: from the perp/e. 3^9-f 
 
 D,Il.itorfirj} /^a/«wo»/.!V4.RutiliUS. 214.6 
 Didas achnf co'i/pirator a^ai^ftDtvntlt. 8i4.fw 
 Diophanes hts brave fervtce before Pergamus. 
 
 Diodorus <t governor «/ Ampbipolis hts policy. 
 
 Difctpltne. ^73.^ 
 
 Dfrnalldiies. 182.W 
 
 D'mm a fatrtorvn. 957-' 
 
 Dromedaries. 76z.>t 
 
 Drought at Rome. 1 3 1 .f 
 
 Draeaui the river. 3^S-'* 
 
 C. Duillius trtumpheth firfl for anavdvi^ory. 
 
 280,* 
 
 Duumvirs fud^e Horatv. ij-^ 
 
 Duumvirs for Church-matters^ buildings^ dedica- 
 tion of the Temple ofConCOldiandothers.^p.g 
 Duumvirs (icxis Faciundis. $6.0. chofen ten, 
 
 173.4. ijo.i 
 D.tumvirs wardens of the ports chofen. 2 5 1 .c 
 
 E 
 
 Pub. Ebiuius reve.-'.leth the Baccha/iali to the 
 Coif::/ Pofthlimius.8l7.f. rewardcdfor his. 
 labour. 829.^ 
 
 Eclipfc of the moon and the reafon thereof, 9 7 2./ 
 Egerius/)« of larquinius Vuic\i%.i^.rn.EcLpfe of 
 the fun. l-^k 
 
 Egnatius CzX\\\ii taken prifoner. 2io.g 
 
 EgnatiusGellius/2.i/>. 284./; 
 
 Elatia befteiredby the Ro»;ans,6ij.fforced.S2$tb 
 Elephants eflndii pafs them o/Attrick. 778./ 
 Elephants how theypajfed ovrr the river Rholne. 
 
 353/ 
 
 Elephants t<fed in fight n>!th the Romans. 585. £• 
 
 Elephants hoivfoonJlkj/Ld.^^ 2,m. how they paf- 
 
 fid the cr-:g^yfireights, 9 84./ 
 
 Elkius Jupiter. 12.^ 
 
 Emkif^J^irS fentfrom'RomC to Carthage and 10 
 
 lAiiimSi with pre fents. 582.^ 
 
 Embaffadors Roman fent to Anijibal to Carthage. 
 
 293.4 
 
 Emhaffadors Roman put on arms againjl the laws 
 
 of arms, 183.? 
 
 Etnbajfadors from iiT.Philip to kmi\iiVight upon 
 
 the Roma-is. 3 5 J.** 
 
 The rude and uncivil Emhaffadors of certain Cel- 
 
 ttberiaiis. ^97-f 
 
 Embafaiors of JEtolians fooii(h/y demean them- 
 
 f Ives ii: the Sen It of Koms. 785.<? 
 
 Ery;ba(fjdorsf'om Ptolomy a>7dC\eop3iri, their 
 
 ptif i words in the Sena! o/Rome. 971*^ 
 Emporia rtWf ei^ defcr:piton. ^47-^ 
 
 l;"ni ecu- r /v r vcr, 9$^.b 
 
 £a:t:ll :t E:i|V"F the riveribetween Romans and 
 
 iiC-Perfeus. 96 ^.d 
 
 Epiddes .his f»htill praSiice againfi the pei^ceof . 
 the Sjracufians with the Romans. 389.i^ 
 
 E'^llOlS fiibmit to Qv\m\m.6o'^.a.thej play with 
 both hands between Romans and Antiochus. 
 
 728.» 
 
 Eplrots make fute to renew amity with the Ro- 
 mans. 789.^ 
 
 Eretria befieged by Atialus, and forced by Lucius 
 Qnintius. 6^o.m 
 
 Eartljquiksg^to.at Rome. 7°S-f 
 
 Efquilina^rfff . ^S.m 
 
 £ V andt r inventor cfLntim letters, 6.i 
 
 Evander mur de-red by the procurement o/Perfeus. 
 
 8151^ 
 
 Eomenss a good Prince, 406. kj he cometh to 
 Rotne.782./. hts Oration in the Senat. ibid* 
 
 Eumeni^s wounded by the praElice of Perfeus. 
 1054./. difcontented with the Roman Confuly 
 anu jo departed, P58«* 
 
 Eumenes^;*^ Perfeus feek one to overthrow ano- 
 ther. 987./ 
 
 King Eumeces his mod^fiy.'] 5 8./:». his Oration in 
 the Sei at of Kovnc. ibid,k^ 
 
 'Enmiae-Emb.ijfadrrs (peech. 841.^ 
 
 Enmenes kjndiith war between Romans and An- 
 tiochus, 6^2.^ 
 
 Eumenes d^fUketh thecounfell of Vivius for choa-. 
 kjngthe haven.'] ^O.n. Le dijfiradeth p. ace with 
 Antiothus. 74-'<» 
 
 Eurylpchus his inccnfiderat Jheech in the Diet of 
 Demetnas/./jf kJUthhimfelf. 7'^^'£ 
 
 Eurypus »f 4>- Chalcis. 5827W 
 
 F 
 
 FAhiU' DiBator his prudent war »>/>/? Annibal, 
 3J5.<j. hisfagecounflltoM\r:i\i.ti\is. ^62,h 
 fujpfi'.ed cfrhe Rom-'^s. 548.^-. i ekeepeth his 
 credit vpith AnDibal.i7;/(^7 he refcueth Minu- 
 tiuj. dfi':?(fed 56^. f. his grave Oration to 
 PaU.iEmylius/or h:S laflflrervdl. 368.* 
 Fabius the fin tiiketh ujion Itm as Conful and chal- 
 l n^ethduty of his father. 484.A 
 
 y[.¥xii\i% his apophthegm ftheflaturs /« Tarcn- 
 tum. 551 .f.endted for fighting with the Gault 
 when he was Embaffador, Q_ Fabius his df^th. 
 
 ^7^k 
 
 M.Fabius Ambu(lus;)/9«fr/)fo brii'g the Coi.fi^l- 
 jhip to Conimoyi ri. j 6^,c 
 
 Q; Fabius his Oration agaiaji Soi^io going into 
 Affrii-k. 564.W 
 
 Q_Fabius inveighethagaiyrjl Scipio in the cafe of 
 Pleminius.724 h.htspraife anddenth. 6ii,b 
 CXi Vib'xxiS hts Oration i^theSenat for chufing a 
 Generall to match Annibal. 5 14.»» 
 
 Q,FabiusyZd;». 53./ 
 
 Q_-Fabius his Apophthegm of M.Livius. 4 J 8./ 
 Qi.Fabius triumpheth over the Ge^uls. 282.^ 
 TheY^\\underti\e the war with the Veitntians* 
 6i:^.kjthev are all (lain. 6^,f 
 
 Yxh\us'Dox\XiO his devotion. l6/^.i 
 
 Fabius Rutilianus /;// worr^v exploit agairfi the 
 Sam»its,2oi.a,his Or nio:>to hi' fouldicrs.tl>td, 
 convent ed and examined before the DiEl.ttor* 
 
 201 e 
 M, Fabius his exploit in the forrefi Cimiria. 
 
 259.^ 
 Q.Fabius Maximus refufeth to be Conful. 2 5 5 ? 
 
 Fabius
 
 The Index to T.Livius. 
 
 Fibiusmleth his affeBio»s. -19'C 
 
 Fabricius feiideth back^ a traitor to Pyrrhus. 
 
 284.OT 
 
 Fscialis. ^9~'£ 
 
 Temple of [Mb. i J.ff 
 
 Foiarica what we.^.pn. 2-i-f 
 
 U.V\3WmstheCoKfi!l triwKfheth over Cephale- 
 
 Q^Fulvius trtumfbet hover the Li^urianS, 266,1 
 he tintileth the Temple 0/ Juno Lacinia* in the 
 Brntian country. 920, (. he h,vy th hirnfelf. 
 
 9^1.e 
 
 Falcaci Currus. 28<5.« 'P^ridinx Orators fubntit to the Romcjts. x2-i\e 
 
 'the F^fciant treacherous [ckoolrriaflerpmifljed. FurciijxCaudinx. ' 403/ 
 
 \6i.c L.Fm'ms trirtmpheth. 6 07 J 
 
 pS.h L.Fiirius his rajh eutcrprife controlled hy M. Furi- 
 
 f amine at^omz. 
 Fanum v>hat it is. 
 Faiicia the Tribe orrp.udHnltickjc. 
 Faunas Temple. 
 Ferentina g row • 
 
 Ferentinum wonaad ranJacksd'SO'}, a.ahandoncd 
 by the mhabitantt. 
 
 294./ 
 
 289.^ 
 6p6,o 
 
 US Camillus. 
 
 143.^ 
 
 Y^cvonh goddcfs 
 
 GAbinns Cbaus. 205/ 
 
 Servius Galba crcfcth the triumph efL. 
 itmylius Paulus. 1015./^ 
 
 294.^ CilWs Priejis of Cybde. 75o!<7 
 
 3.;6.»; Callogrecitws.'j'^i.kj.thcirb^^iytfjitig, 'J^l.b 
 
 Feronia g^rove or chtppsl {poiled by Annibal. Gallogrecians difcowfitcd and vnc to p:irht, 
 
 Ficknae won by aftratngem of Ebutius Dilator, Games called Rotnani or Magni . 1 7,^ 
 
 I 27.C Oauls compLiin to the Senat t/Rome. 878.0 
 
 /^oi,d.')96,o Gauls tnjp->tieyit of long l.thour. S56.r,i- 
 
 9^'k. Gauls greedy of ^dd.ioits, they deny to aid the 
 
 10. i Ror>tariS,ayjd Come armed intothe council.yO-j .f 
 
 384.»» 
 
 Scare-fire at Rome. 
 ^n iiEt for fines arrd penalties' 
 Flamen Diaiis. 
 Flaminia caajey p.ived. 
 Flaminia high-way. 
 
 Flaminius c.^ji from his horfe back^ and k'Hed. 
 
 ' 328.^ 
 
 f\im\X!t\\xs)Corf»l)odi»us to the Senat^y belovedof 
 
 ■ the Commons. 556.;;. htsprid:^ rt^fhyiefs and 
 
 want of religion. ^62,0 
 
 Flaminius Circus. 224,/j 
 
 M.FIavius bnbcth the people. 214,/ 
 
 C.Flavius4 «(7r4r/.349.«i his contumacy againti 
 
 the nobles. 260,/ 
 
 Flavius.^ Lucanpr-iBifeth to betray his gurfi and 
 
 friend Gracchus the Roman General, 451.^ 
 
 formi.ins r.nd t'undans enfranchif<:dfull^ttiz.ens 
 
 
 o/Rome. 
 VomXcnsflrect, 
 Fors Ff rtuna her chappeU. 
 Fortunaprimigenia. 
 forttirc ofworicn. 
 Fortuna primigenia her Temple, 
 Fortuna hc\\M:\.'n%hcr Temple 
 Fonim Olitorii)m.729.<».Boanum 
 Forum of Rome openeth, 
 Frcgellx a cdony of Rome. 
 FtegeUx f:rprifcd by the Sammts. 
 
 they kill the warders in the Rom'^-n camp, And 
 revolt to hx)ia'^7\l\%.g.neuters between Car- 
 thaginians and Rom. ins » jio.* 
 Gauls coz^en the theTitjcanS of their mo>iey. 216. e 
 M. Geganius the Conful rcHeveth Ardea. 1 07. f 
 he defeat eth the Volfcians. 1 o8.« 
 Gelas King of the Maflefyli bandeth with the Ro- 
 mans. 414'^ 
 Gelo/oa tf King Hiero turneth to the Carthagi^ 
 
 nianS, 
 Genius. 
 
 Genutius a Tribune of the Com. murdered. 67. e 
 Genutius a Confular Tribune honourably flam, 
 
 208.^ 
 Geniulus/r/? Commoner Conful.zo6. he is /lain. 
 
 ibidt 
 
 293,^ Gtrix\\xi er.ireth into an affociation irif/jPerfeus 
 
 541.* for apiece of money. P7'.^ 
 
 49,/ Gemius l^iHeth his brother Plator. 99o.m. fnb- 
 
 1*1 -S. mr.teth to Anicius. 994. n. his rvife^ children^ 
 
 a>jd brother taken prifjnersm ib:d.9 
 
 King Gentius complained of at Rome. 878. ^ 
 
 The Goal or common prifon in Rome built. 
 
 Gordium 4 great town of traffickj 7 89. c 
 
 808.;^ 
 347.^ 
 
 826,^ 
 ibid.e, 
 183.^ 
 19^.0 
 283.« 
 
 Frrnchtncn fi^ft enter into Italy. 1 Si.f. they be- GovernourS RomaninS^zm called to their a>7fwer 
 
 ■ Jiege C\uhlim. 15 3«^' fhey befiege Ardea. for rvronf^mg the Province. 960.^ 
 
 I ')6.m Gracchus hisfpcech to the (l.ives, voluntary foul- 
 
 VrviC-innesf'irdaidpfiniihcd. 268.a diers expecting liberty. 404.A 
 
 C.Fulvius cJled in quejlionfor ill-managing the Gracchus Cluilius abufcth the Roman Embajfa- 
 
 '•Tv.rf.^l ^yc.he defendith himfclf,.^\-^.g. dcpar- dors. ^°^'£ 
 
 ■ tethtnto e.\ilet^oi,h,hee.vecuteththe Cap^ans Gracchus difcomfiteth Hanno efpccially by the 
 withallrigour..^2').c.acc"f:d by theCapuans. proxvcfs andvabur of the vcl:intary jlavcs.-^li.e 
 
 ^99-f 
 
 Cn.Fiilviu^yZj/w^f Kerdonea. _ 506. A 
 
 M.Fnlvitis the Corfxlb f,egeih Ambracia. 775.^ 
 W.?vi\.'^oh\\\ov er.treth ovant into Rome.77d.o 
 M^\-iViVi% defended by C. Flaminius the Conful. 
 
 806./ 
 lii.Fvilv. the Pro-Conf 'I fueth fir triumph. S'^^O.h 
 
 his dfciplnie. 388.^ 
 
 Gracchus betraied by his friend and ho/lkjUed. 
 
 452./ 
 
 Unkjnd Greeting betvfeen Appius Claudius rt»^ 
 
 Voliimnius Co;)/}///. 257,^ 
 
 Gulufla commeth in Embaffage to Rome. 
 
 948.»» 
 
 I'm 0\itia;'. atrairfi Aburius a Tribune, ibid\ Gytheum affaulted by the Romans. S70, J^. fur- 
 Q^Vnls'msThccxis vanqi!i(peth the Celtibei-ianf, rendrcd to Quintius./T'/J. w. won bvNzh'is. 
 
 Ui.g ' lo-i.b 
 
 Dd ddd 2 Haliartus
 
 The Index to T^Ltvius, 
 
 H 
 
 HAliartUS hefteged by the "Romans., and vali- 
 antly clcfer,ded.9/^-^.a.forcedjfilkdjitndra- 
 fed to the ground, ibid.b 
 
 Hanno his c.nfwe-- 1« Himilco. 59^.^ 
 
 Hanno again]} hvmhzlandthe BArchinefaEiton. 
 
 2^6.m 
 Hanno his oration in the Senat o/Carthage. ^16.^ 
 Hanno /Z4/». 5'54.^ 
 
 Hafta. • 938.» 
 
 Haftati. IP^A 
 
 Hafta Publicanorum. 404-' 
 
 Hegeasy?4/« by Annibal. 367.^ 
 
 Hegefianax Emlmff'ador from Antiochus, his 
 (pecch tK the Senat ofKome. 666.m 
 
 M.Helvius eijtreth ovant into Rome. 67 i.f 
 Hemerodromi, 583/ 
 
 Hcradea thefite thereof. J2i.d. affaultedhy Aci- 
 lius Glabrio. ibid, wonji^.d. beftegedhy the 
 Romans aid won. p6^.o 
 
 Heradea daughter of Hiero with her daughters 
 crfte/lr murdered. 4^5./ 
 
 Heradides a Btz,i»tine treateth for ape^eebc 
 tween L.Scipio and Antiochus.7 5 S.g.his ora- 
 tion to that effeil. 7 5 7 •<* 
 Heraclides committed by Philip tofleafe the Ma- 
 Cidonia>7s. 6x2.h 
 Hercules kjlleth Geryon. 5 g.kjlleth Cicxts. tbtd. 
 Ap. \ittAoT\\\i'^ a C aft ain of outlaws pojfejfedof 
 the Cj'toli.Si.h.kjIle'f. 8 3 ./. 
 
 , The Oration ^/ Bibius Herennius <« Tribure of 
 
 the Commons. '}66.h 
 
 Hernichsrebell. "^59'^ 
 
 Herodottjs friend to Demetrius fut totherack^. 
 
 ^54.h 
 Herficoras l^lleth himfeif. 3 * 3 .<^ 
 
 Hiero leav.-th theCroivn raHieroDymUS a child. 
 
 39i.w 
 Hiero lit Emba[f.:dori Oration in the Senat, 
 
 3^i.b 
 
 Hiero welcometh the Romans, -^-io '. his Embaf- 
 
 pdor.' wt h frefents and fuccours. 3 5 8. w 
 
 Witzo dieth. 360.0 
 
 Hicronymusrf;)rfl«^ro»;'jf Prince. '^61 .a.confpt- 
 
 rary .'^ .?••>/? him.ibtd.c.deteSbed bi Cdlo. tbid, 
 
 contraclith a league w-th Annibal. 332. »» 
 
 mi4rdered by the means of Indigemenes owf 0/ 
 
 his ow -fejuires, 334.-^ 
 
 Hieronymus his body left above groundunbaried. 
 
 457/ 
 
 HioRtth/lain, 3?o. » 
 
 High-Priefl. 11-C 
 
 A hiidaid a wnlfprefented before 2 armies,i6%.l 
 
 Hippocates <»;;(;/ Epicides m^.he peace with Anni- 
 
 bit /'» Hieronymus ^fki//. 240.^ 
 
 Hippocrates and Epicides chofcn Tr&t»rs of Sy- 
 
 racuta. 3 58.^.344.«' 
 
 Hippocrates r9K^fi?r/if/f«^ letters. ^^5-/ 
 
 Hirpinc ayid Simtnt EmbafftiAors Q>eech to An- 
 
 nibal. 3 3^.'^ 
 
 HiipaU Veccmi a curtefan of Rome. 81 p.*. eim- 
 
 mourcdofEhwms a youths tbid.f. fberevea- 
 
 I'tht! e fecret enormities of the Bacchanals to 
 
 him, 807. f. (he utter eth all to the Ccnful Poft- 
 
 humins Sip.e. rewardcdfor her information. 
 
 82J./ 
 
 Hifirlones. ipz.w 
 
 Honour and Vertues Temple, 4')9*c 
 
 Horatias r<?w^. 1^/^ 
 
 Horatius killeth hi/ fifler. 16, h. his judgment. 
 
 tbid,K 
 M. Horatius Barbatus againfi the Decemvirs 
 
 9^.1' 
 Horatius Codes hk valour. 41 .« 
 
 Hoftilia Curia built, 1 8., 
 
 I * 
 
 I Anus Temple. ip.e 
 
 Janus. 157./ 
 
 Jani. 913.^ 
 
 Dame Id ea mother of the o-ods. 5 6 8. <» 
 
 Icilius^fef oration againjl AppiUS Claudius in the 
 
 behalfof his Ipoufe IciWa. 98.6 
 
 Jlians entertain L. bcipio and the Romans curte- 
 
 offfly. 778.W 
 
 llliturgum valiantly defended Again fi Scipio. 
 
 ^g^.o.won, 503.C 
 
 llliturgum inhabitants pitioujly maf acred. ibid,d 
 Indigetesdii. 'i99.f 
 
 )ndas the river whyfo called. 787. c 
 
 InfnrreEtioi of the Commons,^ 87. ff 
 
 Interregnum. 6.a 
 
 Ju venti godd'fs. 3 30.J" 
 
 Iff hmiav games. ^41./ 
 
 Ifirtans foil the Romans.io^j.e. they win the Ro- 
 man cA'np.il'id.vant^utfhid tn the end, 878.» 
 Jubellius Taurea a brave Capuan horfeman. 
 
 331.* 
 Jubellius Taurea \(i}leth himfeif, 381./ 
 
 Indibilis and Mandonius range withV.^ci^xo. 
 
 561,4 
 
 Indibilis his fpeech to him. ibid.h 
 
 \nd\h\\\i killed. "Jii.d 
 
 Jugariui vicus a ftreet /'»Rome. 257.^ 
 
 M.J unius his oration in the Scnat o/Romc tnthe 
 
 behalf of himfeif and Other Roman captives to 
 
 heranfomed. 319'* 
 
 Juno Lacinias Ttmple. 388./ 
 
 JunoSofpita. 207./ 
 
 JunoRegina. 340.A 
 
 Juno her Temple, 1 61 .c 
 
 Juno tran fated from Veii to Rome. ibid,e 
 
 Juno Regina hadfolemn oblations offered her with 
 
 divers ceremonies, 487.*^ 
 
 Jupiter. ipp.e 
 
 Jupiter Viaors Temple. 2S6,n 
 
 Jupiter Imperator. 142.0 
 
 Jupiter Stater /jiirTlfw/i/f. 294.« 
 
 Jupiter Tryphon. ioip.e 
 
 K 
 
 AKingfacrificer. 94.'ff 
 
 Kings of forrain countries how they banded 
 with ?zt\z\is andthe Romans, 93^-i 
 Kings might not rule at Rome. s6o.l 
 
 Ljicedemonian: fpoiled by Patavines conduSled 
 ^;Cleomenes. 265.^ 
 
 "LzQzdtmonranfacked by Alexamenus and the 
 t/£tolians. 7<>9.' 
 
 Lacedemonians kjll the £tolians that furprtfed 
 the City, ib,f 
 
 Laconicus fet up for King at Lacedemon. ibid. 
 LacvinUS Im fpeech in the Senat for the benevo- 
 
 lente
 
 The Inde 
 
 of the City, 
 Lamia hefiegedbj Philip, 
 Lares, 
 
 470.W 
 742.« 
 
 198.0 
 
 Latifie hifh- rvajf, 
 Latins ferix, 
 
 340.6 
 538.^ 
 
 T.Latinius, 
 
 47'" 
 
 Lacinx, 
 
 9z-j.b 
 
 L,iti'ies andather allies difcontentedand do mat- 
 ter and mutiny') 444'* 
 King Latimis flamy 3.e 
 "Lxiinm fiibdited, 2 1 6.1? 
 I.atiimix, 40(5.i 
 Z,.t)pltilia, 8i./ 
 i^tiwDuilliar, 84./.85./ 
 La.TS cff^lkCDSfentfortQ Rome, 8 3.<r 
 LavfS of the ten tables^ 85.^ 
 J?(i.'ff//<if Lautulx, 21(5.0 
 L^ew Licinia . C.Licinius ftolo condemned in his 
 orvnl-nvt IJO.n 
 Lavici peopledrvith Coloners., 140.W 
 Lavinium built f^.d.£everaed by LiXiaii, 4'/» 
 League concluded between Antiochus a«d Ro- 
 mans upon conditions, 800. w 
 Legatsfentfrom Rome into \ ffrick, 5 86./ 
 \x°il\iLief4te>iai:t Sy and MeJfengerSy 47°." 
 Legio quadrata, 348. w 
 Legio linieata, 284./ 
 Letbftern firji irfiisatedy 9 8. 1^. 3 2 1 .^ 
 Le^'fiernat Rome,i9^.d,thefolemnttj thereof, 
 
 339.fi 
 Lentulus /;// Oration to the Confulsat Caudium, 
 
 216. ?j 
 Leon the Athenian entreAteth tn the behalf of the 
 
 ty£tolianSy . 794.*^ 
 
 Leucafpides, 78o.« 
 
 Leucas the (cituAtion thereof, 64^.h 
 
 Seppius Lcfius thefatall and i'fl goserKor ofd- 
 
 pua, 393. <« 
 
 Libera, * 742-' 
 
 Libertines enrobed in the tribesat Rome, 1003.? 
 Liber 4»^ Libera, 81/ 
 
 Libertines placed in four tribes^ 298./ 
 
 Forch of Liberty, 665 .b 
 
 Locrian Emb.ijf.tdors complain'' of Pleminius, 
 
 5304 
 Liberty of Greece fdemnly proclaimed by 
 
 found of trumpet at Ifimian games by Corinth , 
 
 647.? 
 Libertatis Atrium, 97--,?' 
 
 Lilnuna, 9°5-f 
 
 P.Licinius his expedition <i^4.'»/?Perfeus, 944.'-' 
 V. Licinius Craflus chofen Archbifhop before he 
 
 had been JEdile Curule, i^j.c 
 
 P. Licinius CalvUS t he firfi Commoner created 
 
 ConfuLir Tribune, I ?9 .^ 
 
 Licinius <?«^Scxiius l.tws, 198.^ 
 
 L:l}orsfirfl ord.iined, 4"^' 
 
 Liguria a hard and warlike nation. 
 
 %i6J 
 
 Ligurians rebel,6%6.f,dtfcomfited^']l^,i'thejin' 
 
 vade the territories about Pifar, 698./ 
 
 Spu. Ligurtinus his Oration in contention about 
 
 chufingCenturionS) 919 -^ 
 
 Linge the mount iiinS' 
 Livius arid Nero return to Rome, 485.?. their 
 
 triumphs ibid.f 
 
 C. Livius the Admiral arriveth at Pyrxum, 
 
 75'^-he quitteth thefiege «/ Abydus, 76a.« 
 
 C.Livius the eld Admiral hit counfellto L.jEmy- 
 
 liusRegillus, y^Jj.e 
 
 M. Livius livedin difcontentment, 462. n. he * 
 
 chofen Cor.fuli^')'} .b. he and Claudius Nero 
 
 reconciled. 458.9 
 
 Z,ocr/'/j«j rfWr fo Cirihage, 199 e, they make 
 
 p. ace with Annib.:*], ^01 ./ 
 
 Locri C'iflle t<ikjK by the Romans. 5 09. a 
 
 Locufis fwarm in Apulia, 9 3 o.^ 
 
 Aius Locutius. * 164.6 
 
 L\ia,thsgoddtfs, ^S'^-k. 
 
 Lucans pridiice to revolt from the Romans, 
 
 2i9.b 
 
 Lucumo, alias L.Tarquinius Prifcus, £-(jwfr/j fo 
 
 Rome, i6.h 
 
 Lutcres. ij.f 
 
 Lucius Bancius his than\efi'.ll heart to Annibal, 
 
 S97.c,rvoKto Marcellus by his gracious Jpeech. 
 
 ibid.d 
 Lucnth her /lory. 33. d 
 
 LudiPlebeii, 399.^ 
 
 Lupercals infiituted, J .a 
 
 Laiiiam what it is y 19. f 
 
 Lyctans campfan cf the Rhodians, 90^. e 
 
 M 
 
 MAcedonianfirfl war beginneth, 624. ». their 
 monarchy y 9'iO.h 
 
 Macedonians af righted at the fight of the wounds 
 whereof their men died-, 5^~.n 
 
 Macedonians manner of reviewing the armjy 
 
 882,^ 
 Macedonian Embaffadors fpeechagainfithe Ro- 
 man^ in the Pic>ieiolta>j Diet. ^37.* 
 Macedonian fecondwar with Perfeus, whereupon 
 it began, 8 3 6.i 
 Macedonia garrifons difpofefedof Athamania 
 allinad.ty, 794-^ 
 C.Mxnius the DiElator to the people of Rome, 
 
 272./^ 
 Mxnium Atrium. 83i.e 
 
 Manila mater. 54^.k. 
 
 Macnetarches, 
 
 708./^ 
 
 Decius Magius a Capuan fifi friend to the Ro» 
 mans i^-j -J, e, delivered to Annibal, 3^3. (J 
 
 Mago brother to Annibal brmgeth news to Car- 
 ibageof Cannx v:[iory^%%^.b. he defended 
 new Carthage againfi Scipio, 42 5./ 
 
 Mago fore wounded and his hofi dif comfit ed by the 
 Romans, 543.^ 
 
 Mago dieth. ibid.d 
 
 Maharbal his words to Annibal after the Cannx 
 bMtell, 372.^ 
 
 Malevemum the fon of that Bencventum, 
 
 3 34./-' 
 Mancinus Hoftilius flain by Cartalo, 441 .e 
 Manes. 287.C 
 
 Mandonius 7/V/ii^'^ to the Romans, 573 .g.defeated 
 by Sc\p\o, ibid. 
 
 Mandonius 4«<i ! ndibilis fuefor pardon ro Sci- 
 pio, _ 574.^ 
 C, Manilius Atilius the firfi Commoner chofen 
 Curio Maximus. 5-^-S 
 Manilius his(l>itHem Prxnefte, 392.^ 
 T.Manlius the fon hi piety to hisftther, 207.6 
 T.Manlius the fon executed by his father. 
 T. Manlius the father hated of the youths of 
 Rom. 199./ 
 Ddddd 3 T.Manlius
 
 The Index to T,Livm, 
 
 T. Manlius Torquatus aiati^fi the Roman cap' 
 tives atCznox. ^59-^ 
 
 T.Manlins kiUcth Geminus Melius a hi'rdy 
 kKightof theh.nins. ^33'^ 
 
 T Manlius Torquatus refufeth Confal^if. 
 
 485.C 
 
 T.Manlius his cowbat with a Gaul. sop./ 
 
 M.Manliuspwf/; the d'.pitoll.iij.g. 171.W. /:» 
 
 di^corte/irmetJt and, Ambition. 183. ^. [oteeth 
 
 feeds cf'feditio!?. 1 84./;. Committed to prifon. 
 
 187. b. pro;edeth to be King. I'Bp.b. Jfidi- 
 
 cially accnfed.ibid.f. condemyied and exectited. 
 
 ibid. 
 
 CaMin\imtheCo»f:!lJlai/t ^i.d 
 
 T.Manlins killed with afdlfrom his horfe.'i6^.i 
 
 L.Manliuslmperiofus. 2o6.». his hard dedi»i 
 
 with hisfo». ^^f^- 
 
 Cn, Manlius maks^h an expedition a^^ai-^fi the 
 
 Gallog^recta>is,']9T,.a. he handUth Moageces 
 
 a tyrant in his kind. '].99-f- hisOratioftto his 
 
 fotddiers in his expedition againfi the Gallo- 
 
 grecia^is.-jgS-g' he adv.inceth np to the hillO- 
 
 Jympus agaiift the Gallogreekj. 79 >f . hefet- 
 
 teth down orders andgiveth laws to theftates in 
 
 Afia^w^ Greece. 898(7 
 
 Cd. Manlius VoUo crojfedm his fait for atri- 
 
 ftmph by Furius Purpureo, and Paulus iEmy- 
 
 lius. 805. e. his anfwertethem'%l^*c, he ob- 
 
 tainethtriUTHph. %\^.e.he trinrnpheth. 826.^ 
 
 hisfoiildiers corrupted with the ddights of Ada 
 
 ibidj^ 
 Mannus a (lave deteBeth a conspiracy of the Ca- 
 ]avii/« Rome. 402.« 
 
 Manliana Imperia. 151.^ 
 
 Manila Imperia. ibid, 
 
 Marcellus grown into an oblocjuj at Rome. 
 
 452.»^ 
 Marcellus his defence againfi the Syracuftans. 
 
 490.0 
 
 M.Marcellus willing to have hisinnocency tried. 
 
 4510. ». acciifed by the Syracuftans.^^O.k; his 
 
 fouldters fled before ADnibal.442.w. htS bitter 
 
 Oration to thcfc fotddurs. 5 1 5 .»;• he recove- 
 
 reth that lofs the next d.iy- ibid.f 
 
 Marcellus execmeth traitors within Nola. 
 
 393.^ 
 CI. Marcellus his Jpcech to his fouldiers at Nola. 
 
 407/ 
 
 Marcellus entreth ovattt into Rome. 484.W, his 
 
 pompous chear> ibid. 
 
 Marriage ef Commoners with Nobles granted. 
 
 Murgantia )w«. 209 .e 
 
 Mariners maintained at the charge ef private 
 
 men, 4^4-' 
 
 Maritimus Circus. 251.^ 
 
 Mas field. 1/^.d 
 
 Mars Pater, 198.W 
 
 iC.Maitius Kavlmfirl} commoner Dilator, tri-- 
 
 umphcth with the confent of the Senat. 21/^.h 
 
 Martius RatW'ms his propheftes. 460./ 
 
 Martius triumpheth. 2^6, m. hisfiattte on horfe- 
 
 back^ ibid' 
 
 Q^Martius dtfeatedby the Ligurtans. 822. » 
 
 Martius Philip ^^iforrfnowfo King Perfeus in a 
 
 pArly.c)/\o.o. he <?»d Atti.ius deal fraudulently 
 
 with Pcrleus. 944* ^. his oration to hit fou/di' 
 
 ers. 968.1^ 
 
 Martius Saltus. . 860./ 
 
 Marfyas the river. 799-e 
 
 M^^itiiGn a forward warrior. ')6\,a 
 
 Maflanifla wcltneth tothe Romans, ibid. 
 
 Malanifl'a p^r/f f /j w/Y/:) Scipio. 561. <i 
 
 Mafaniffa coy^ferreth with Lxlius. i)io.n.huflory 
 by way ofdigrejfion.'y^o.o. pnt to flight by Sy- 
 phax.59l.<i. hadlyefcapeth drowning, ')92,i, 
 recovereth his father,! kingdom thefeco^dtime. 
 6oz.i. d'fcomfited by Syphax and Vermina. 
 ib.l.feiz,eth upon C\tl\\x.ibid, /. enamoured on 
 Sophonisba wife o/Syphax, andweddethher. 
 "i^og. prefenteth his wifeSo^hotiishi with. a 
 Clip ofpoifon. 5 3 2. Z). honoured by Scipio with 
 titles and gifts. ibidd 
 
 Maffaniffa tnvadeth Emporia and laieth claims 
 thereto. 690,7» 
 
 Mafgaba/o« e/MafanifTa his {peech in tihe Senat 
 of Rome. 1 014./ 
 
 Maffyva a captive hit fpeech to Scipioi467.^. he 
 is honofirably difmiffed by Scipio. ibid.f 
 
 Matuta. 184./J 
 
 Mziaia her Temple. i6i.c 
 
 Fabius ivhy firfifamamed Maximus. 261 .<* 
 
 Meander f/)er;z'ifr. 799-^ 
 
 Megaleha_^4»«i?/ or plaies, 5 8o.» 
 
 Megalefia p/4if J ^ry? mjiitutcd, ibid. 
 
 Megarar^/f^ by Marcellus. 3 5 2./ 
 
 Sp.Melius ajfecleth tobe King at Rome. 1 22.^ 
 Sp.Mellusy?^;« by C.Servilius Hala. 123.^ 
 
 Menippus£w^<aj!/'4^(7r/r(7?wAntiochusA/,f j^fec^ 
 in the Senat of Kovnt. 6pS.i 
 
 Menippus the embajfador cf Antiochus hisjpeech 
 »«f/?ePanastoliaCamp2a, 711.6 
 
 Menenius Agrippa reclaimeth the commons. ^^,0 
 buried at the City charges 5 ^.a.goddefs Mens. 
 
 S^9.e 
 MenfatiifiveQuinqueviri in/lituted. 2i6.i 
 Mericus the Spamardrewarded. 498./ 
 
 M.Metellus hisjpeech againfi Fabius. 361.,? 
 L.Metellus for a private grudge arrefleth the 
 Cenfors. 449. c 
 
 Metius Suffetius hisfaljhood.i^. h.hix execution. 
 
 Mezetulus and Lacumax the young Prince dif- 
 
 comfit ed by MihniSa. 583.^ 
 
 Miceio the Chalcidian's fpeech in the Senat cfK. 
 
 971.^ 
 Miceio the Chalcidian to the Italians. '7^3.f 
 
 Military Tribunes in Confular authority chofert ' 
 
 fir/i threet^J.e. 88./, rejigned. i. chofenfour. 
 
 9'^.h 
 
 Milionius the Fr^tor of Lavinium his jpeech. 
 
 ^97.c 
 Minerva Alcida. 8jo./ 
 
 Minutia a veflallvotary buried cjuick^ ipp. ■* 
 Minflrclsgo all out of Rome. 244.^ 
 
 Minutius being denied triumph ytriumpheth in the 
 mount Albane. ^S-j.e 
 
 Minutius Rufus his rafhnefs. 3 3 Jif. his mutinous 
 oration, ibid. 
 
 L. Minutius purveior for corn in time of dearth. 
 
 9\.h 
 Made eejuall in authority with the DiElator Fa- 
 bius. 5 62. h, honeuredfor dete^ing thetreafon 
 
 «/Meliuy. 93." 
 
 Minutius
 
 The Index to T.Livws. 
 
 N 
 
 Minutius hisfpeechtohisfoHUurs,i6i.£. his 
 
 worditoVih\xiSthe Diciator,^6^.i,heyeeldeth 
 
 up his commijfion unto him-, f^-^f 
 
 L.Minutius Coiifuldefofedby CLCincinnatus,cir 
 
 7»ade it Lie»te»ii»t, <59'« 
 
 Mimo /'« oratio:-! to the Roman dele^ats as touch- 
 
 ««^ Antiochus ^jrEphefuS) 7^9-^ 
 
 Mci^etes a tyrant handledin his kindby C.Man- 
 
 liifs, 795-/ 
 
 Juno Monetasruwf/tr, i8i.a 
 
 MortMty at Rome, i po. w 
 
 T-ffo mothers dye \orpv. _ 54-'' 
 
 MoH«t.un Sictr-.and Mountain Avcntine, 79.<? 
 
 K;nndus Mnlicbris, ^7^/ 
 
 Muraiis Corona, 292./ 
 
 Ml ftersftraightly taken., 91°.^>^ 
 
 Mutiny of theganfon in Cajjua,, 1 '&J[.o.thetr con- 
 
 jbir.tcr. *^'^ 
 
 Miuines .j (roodw.irrior.'\^l.d.enviedanddijgra- 
 
 ccd by HannO;/^.f , he is m-'-dcfree demz.cn of 
 Rome 4^4-^ 
 
 Mttti>iy nf the Roman giirifon at Sacto, ^9i-h. 
 they fofrom their cohttrs. «■ idm 
 
 Mutiny of the fouldierJ in MiCedony, 61 ').a 
 My onitns the form thtrtofj 771 .e 
 
 Muti lis Scivola his valour andrefoiution, ^2<n 
 N 
 Abis entreth upon Argos, 6^o.m 
 
 Nabis tyrant ofLacecUmo/i frovideth to wtth- 
 (iandthe forces ofT.Cimr\UUS,6j^./. hts ty- 
 ranny :,ib,y!.!:is oraticniol .Q^\im\m\:iS-i6^'i I 
 Nabis affaulteth Gytheum,7ii). e. hefref.ireth 
 a fleet, '^'^-f 
 
 ANa,lor(pikedrive»y 2©6.^ 
 
 Narnia^ffl^cw)', 264.W 
 
 ISl arnia Jiored w:th nerv coloners, ^ 621.C 
 
 Naupaduim befiegedbj Acilius Glabrio, 441./ 
 ji Nav>i/fi?ht with Romans & Tarenlins,^lJ.e 
 yl N.-.valfvht before Utica, 5^°'^ 
 
 Navd battel leiween Polyxenus andthe Remans^ 
 
 750./J 
 Naval fight between the Rhodian fleet and King 
 Antiothiis, 1^^"^ 
 
 Accius Navius a famous Augur, 14*'' 
 
 Qj<lx^:'JS a valiant (!>7diki^futlrv.trrior^ 49i.e 
 Neapolitan Embafidorsprefentan oration tothe 
 Senas pf \\omc, 5'5l./ 
 
 Nemxan^<«wi;J.irArgos, *9--" 
 
 Nepet wo>i by Catnillus, 183.? 
 
 Neptiinix aqnx, _ ^5'5.' 
 
 Ncquininm t.-.ken by aftratageme* _ 29 1./ 
 C.Ncro/;^ fiudacioM attempty^^^fhts words to 
 'htsfoi'.ldiers,^:^^J. hejoineth »« canspwithhis 
 colle.i'rae Livius r.g^infi Afdrubal, 55 5 .c 
 Nefatiiim .^f-ulted 905 J, the bloody mindofthe 
 h.hab,ta>iis> 90^^ 
 
 News of the victory in Micedony at Ronne 9i7.c- 
 Nicander/f // into the hands of King Philip, ayJ 
 WMletgo, 740." 
 
 Nicatores, 9'i9.a 
 
 Nico and Philomenes pramfe to betray Taren- 
 tum to Anmbal,4»5'<". ''j'"" capitulation mth 
 Annibal, '^'^•/ 
 
 Nortia .; r„fcane geddefsy j6z,k_ 
 
 Nova Via, 73-^ 
 
 Nova, 413.C 
 
 Novxtabulx, O^^.m 
 
 Novendialj ^'•* 
 
 Novenfiles dii, ^99./ 
 
 Nucena forced by Anmhi\ through faminey^96J 
 
 N.PompiliuSj 1 ^.h. /» a::gy-rate Ksngy I S 
 
 Nu, Pompilius bockj fonud bunedin the earthy 
 
 88i.f. they were bftrncdSSz.b (^97.e 
 
 Nnmidian horfmens folic) to pajs by their enemies 
 
 NumidianvaiilterSy ^9^.m 
 
 Nttmidians & Spaniard! revolt to Marcel. 4O3.C 
 
 ^Mmiiw^St'gainratfethwarHponthe Rom- 195.^ 
 
 Numitor rccovereththe Kmgdome «/ Alba, ^,d 
 
 Ny(X)\>hi\isbetranththeSa)n?iittin Palcpolis by 
 
 a wile, 227. (; 
 
 O 
 
 O Bfidionalis Corona^ 225.?, (ioi9.e 
 
 Octavius folemn:z.eth hts naval triumph^ 
 OtTitwmforced by^Zlims. 9-jz.h 
 
 Oftiiius Calavius his faying of the Romans dif~ 
 
 grace at dndmrn. 219.1? 
 
 Ogulnia law for facerdotal dignities to be confer' 
 
 rediipoa cammonSy lol.e 
 
 Onefimus a Counfellor to K. VtiitWS for peace, 
 
 984./. revolteth to the Romans^ ibid.l 
 
 Oppia lanu 689. a. M^nntained /^yM.Porcius 
 
 Cato. 684A tmpiignedby L.Valerius, 686 /. 
 
 repealed, 6^9.^ 
 
 Oppia and Cluvia rewarded for their ki»d nes ta 
 
 Rontans,6l0.g. {\o6.i 
 
 Sp.Oppius an ufurping Decemvir dieth in prifon, 
 (3puDtians troubled nithfeditio'.-j 6l9.e 
 
 Orrandes beguileth Perfeus, looj.f 
 
 Oreum befieged by the Romans and AttaluS;<546.^ 
 
 gained by treajon^ibid, befieged again by them, 
 
 6i6.g. forced, '^>d.i 
 
 Ortiagon his wife her memorable deed) 779"^ 
 Oracle o/DelphoS delivered to the Romans, 3 8 z.h 
 Orphanes andividdows J}oc\s put into the City of 
 
 Romes hands tohelp the City chamber, 413.6 
 O-rdmance of battail common to Latins A'ld Ko' 
 
 mans, ^93'i 
 
 Orynx ajfailed by L. Scipioj476./). takcn^ ibid.l, 
 Ofcane ftlver, 666.i 
 
 YO vales] 913.C 
 
 Ovile, the railes in Mars ^eld, 404 I 
 
 Ovius ^-rt^NoviuSjCalavii killthemfelveSji'jc.m 
 Ovius Pacuvius.j pnefiofthe SamnitSy 226,i 
 
 P 
 PAcuvius Calavius his polHcy^^^z.n.his Orati» 
 onto the ccmmons of Ci^Mi, ^%i.tt 
 
 Pa'lepolis or Naples mfefleth the Roman alliesy 
 199. y. Pallor and Pavor their templet, 9.e 
 Panxcolia Comcely 6:^6.0 
 
 PauhHracus AdmiraUfthe Rhodians^T)\'C.heu 
 (lain, 75^.^ 
 
 L.Pap^ tins a filthy iifitrery 207.6- 
 
 Sp.Pap^rius<«rc%/>«/7o«f&t 290./ 
 
 Variance between Pap. Curfor Di(3:ator,a»^ Fa- 
 bius Rutilij.nus General of his horfe, 209,6 
 Papyrius uncle to SpU. Papyrius an excellent war' 
 nor defeat cth the Sammts at Aquilonia,293.^ 
 hts trii*n:ph, ^ 29^.b 
 
 Papyr. p.trdonetb Fabius^icp.e. his fingnlargood 
 parts.ib.fhetrmnipheth ovcrtheSamfiits,2iO. h 
 Papyrius Curfor his praifet, z%x.e 
 
 Paires and Patritii, ^-^ 
 
 P. jEmylius hi<: fober (peech to his colleagueTci' 
 ViTtO.^-Jl'f.he&his colleague are at ajar be- 
 fore Cannx,372.^./)*r words at Its death being 
 Jlain before Car3nx>«/'>. ^^'""^^
 
 The Index to T.Livm, 
 
 Peace made vith Philip ^7 the ten Roman dele- 
 gat es, 650.h 
 peace confirmed between Rom. ^ Antioch. 781.*? 
 PeDDinum, jao./ 
 Perolla/9'» of Calavius his fingtJ-^r love to his 
 country ■,& faithfttlnefs to the Romans y^6^.e. he 
 is reclaimed h his father ^icmiosy 35S.d 
 fetkas fo life it eth Eumenes ayid Antiochns a- 
 gaitifi the Romans, 9%-j.e, (985./ 
 Perfeus in gre.it fear loofeth his effort unities-, 
 PerfeUS hts nigard'fercas h/s overthrorvt990,h. 
 he coufeneth Ki"g Gentius, 99 1 id 
 Perfeus plotteth the overthrow of his brother De* 
 metrius,8 1 1 ,e. he complaineth to his father of 
 him, 81 3. f. hts accttfiitory or At ion againfi De- 
 metrius, _ 814/ 
 Perfeus his demeanor defcril>ed,9^3.c.his anfwer 
 to Martius Philips challenges at afarleyy 960. 
 g.flotteth to murder Eumenes, 9?o.» 
 Perf./^w murders,9z6.l^.belovedoftheGreeksiibJ^ 
 Perfeus his forces iP'^S.m.his oration to his army, 
 ibid. n. hi* J^f^'ng forth and progrefs to the 
 Ti>ari9^9 .e.he embatta/ii'th,p^'j.f'difcomfiteth 
 the Romant,9')^.c.hebraggerh of his viEiory^ 
 p^^.g.invefted i'lto the Kingdom c/Maccdony, 
 he fiitteth to death his fathers friend hxulgO' 
 nus, SSy.^e 
 Perfeus /»«t to pght audvamj-fifhedby JEmylias, 
 991. b. he yeeldeth to Cn.Oftavius, and is 
 brought before ^tnylius, 901. d 
 Perfeus (rr«f/, fo cloak^l.isownfolfyf 91^.n 
 Pejlilence andmortality^ 9o^,i 
 Pejiilence atSytiCMii, 457-^ 
 Pefiilence at Rome, 80.^.289. e.yS./.ioy^ 
 Painted table in the temple o/Matuca, 77,^ 
 Petelines true to the Romans, ^%'&.g. their Oty 
 forcedbyW\m\\cOy ySi/j 
 Pecelinus grove-, 1 8tf .^ 
 Law Petilia and Mania for chafing Colon. 24o.» 
 Q_.Petilius flam, 9°i.e 
 Phalangitx, 781./ 
 Phanias fubmitteth to Acilius Glabrio in the 
 name of the R,tolians,']l9.e. he obtaineth a 
 cefation of arms, ibid.f 
 K. Philip ojfereth aidtothe Romans againf} An- 
 tiochus,7i7.<7 C/^/WJ 
 Philomenes ojfereth aidtothem agai'^fiknuoch. 
 Philip the MegapolitaKc fcoffeda: /7K««g- Philip, 
 
 i<r.Philip/f;f^f/^ aprefent toRome,j^O./.he en- 
 
 tertai;:eth the Roman army,y^l.a, (389.^ 
 
 Vhi\.co>3tra[leth a league with thcCarthagi>iians, 
 
 K Philip d'jcontentedrvith the Romans and prcje- 
 
 Eieth war-, %26.m. he is acd^fed by the flat es of 
 
 Greece in the diet holden at ThermopilxjS J9. 
 
 c, he anfwereth his accufers with com.flaintSy 
 840.«. his defence again /t the Complaints^S^ i . 
 
 d. wherin he contefieth with the Romans, tb.e 
 Philip caufeth the Maronites to he maffacred, 
 
 843. f, cbargedtherewith by the Roman Em- 
 
 bafadors^fbid. his excufe,ibidf. 
 Philip complained of at Rome, and excufedby his 
 
 fan Demetrius, there ledger, 849,/ 
 
 Philip tyra?iniz,cth, 858.0. his fpeech before hu 
 
 twofons, ^6o.g 
 
 Philip Aif communication with his fonDsmetri- 
 
 11* S6j.c.hemotinteth upthehill£.mVS,ii6S. 
 
 I. ^odeth his ow n corf (derates. %69.d 
 
 King Vh'llip fur pr ifedin his camp byNx\ius Cli- 
 i^fm a Ron. an Captain, 3^*.h 
 
 Philip put to fight /-/T.Qilint. the Roman. 6\-j,e 
 hemakethhi:vcck,a>}d[j.'oili>tTh^i^^'iyj ibid.f. 
 Philip affaihth Athens, 593. <^.i;.f ovi/wr, ibid.e. 
 unhorfed and in danger :o be killed-, 6oo.jf, i 
 Cunningly would catch the Acl:<tans.')9y,e, he 
 rafeththetemple cfthegodsy ib.f 
 
 Philip^rtira tofccffng, 642. ;'. his oration in the 
 parley between htm and T. Quintius.//'./. he (j- 
 T.QinntlUS impnrly infecrct together, 641.C. 
 hefendeth Embajfadors toKome,6^2.k^. he 
 maketh over Argos upon tri-ftto NabiSj642,i» 
 Philippe! aurei, ' 6j^,n 
 
 Philip cafleth off Perfeus, and purpofeth to make 
 ever the crewnto Antigonus his friend, 887.1?. 
 be repenteth the murdering «/ Demetrius, ib, 
 dieth. ibidf. (trius, 878.9 
 
 Philocles & Apellos/orjrtf letters againftDeme- 
 Philomenes/f;7^a/j Embafadors to Rome, 5 81./ 
 Philopxmen taken p>-ifoner by the Meffeniansy 
 ^^%,m,heis forcedly them to drinkprifon,2^9,* 
 Philopxmen Pretor of the Achttans his fpeech, 
 7* 3.f . a goodland- fotildier but nofea-man^ib.d 
 d fcomfitcth the forces of Nabis, 7 1 1 3 . f . his \ 
 finguliir dexterity ill leadifig an army, yi^.g. j 
 he dfcomfiteth Nabis, ibid,k,'l 
 
 Phocjeans at diffention, 742.« 1 
 
 Phocjea theflietheref-js^.h.renderedtotheRom* ] 
 by compofition;ibJ,fackednotwithJlanding,ib.n, ^ 
 Pinarii and^oiiiu firft ere^ed, ^.b ' 
 
 Pifcina publica, 389.4 
 
 Pififlrstus dcteUedfor mfirdertngEi:ci\\iS,66i.^ 
 put to death, ibid.e 
 
 Plates grew to he chargeable at Rome> 879. c 
 Pleminius killed mpn fan, 6)i6.l 
 
 Pleminius captain of the ^^ayrif on athoCl\,his oUt- 
 rrgei committed upon the t ownfmenjje robbeth 
 Proferpinastreafiire,'^! y.a.mangled hy thefol- 
 dlers, ib. his cruelty again fl the Tribuns mar- 
 fhall, fb.b, he with ethers fent bound to Rome, 
 /'xtelia/^K'ambitU;id4,/?. ("ii^-g 
 
 Pcrtilius the trmn:pheth, \ 6^ .e 
 
 Pofoyiii-ig de.-eHed, ' i O 2 1 .f 
 
 Poifmingp'-aB'fedin Komc, and deteUed, 190.0 
 PoJineus/ju oration to theSyracu/ians, 34^./ 
 Politorium deflroted and rafed, I2.« 
 
 Polyxenidas counfllsth Antiochus to a naval 
 fight wtth the Romans,'j^6.l.ke is put to flight 
 atfeabyLinusandBnwcnes, 747'^ 
 
 Polyxenidas Admiral cf Antiochus his plot a- 
 gain ft Paufiiiratus, 35<5.w. helieth in wait for 
 the Roman fleet, 399'<^ 
 
 Pomerie what it is, 26.i 
 
 M. Pop.Lxms dealeth cruelty with the Ligurians, 
 821. a. he is checked of the Senatfor it, ib.b 
 L. /"omponius a Veientane defeated by Hannc. 
 S^i.ir.falfe baily or farmer, ibid.h, 
 
 Pomplina dW Publica m^fx, i74.« 
 
 PontifexMaximus, 45 5«^ 
 
 PontificesMinores, 371.* 
 
 Herennius Pontius his wifedome. 4i?.<« 
 
 C.Pontius his oration to the Sa-nnits in his expe- 
 dition aga > ft the Rom. "- 5 <^.b.htsftr.^tagem.tb.l 
 M. Popilius La:nas a commoner Conful trium- 
 pheth. ^^I'g' 
 
 M. Portius Cato agamftthe bravery of women, 
 66o,g. his pollicyfiio.h. M.Fo. 

 
 The Index to T.Livitis, 
 
 M. Po. Cato hisfraife. 8 1 i.i^ 
 
 Porfena befiegcth Rome, 4 1 s 
 
 Lam. Portia. 2 58.« 
 
 Portia Bafilica built^ 848.0 
 
 M.Pofthumius^w^, po.w 
 
 Polihnmius Consul triumfhcth agaittfi the willof 
 theScndt, 282.W 
 
 L.PoOhumius his army {lain by the Ganh.'igS.h 
 .S.Porthumius ^W oranon in the Senate of Rome 
 fifter the uyifortunate journy /ef Caudium, 
 ^S9'f. he i} dtlivcred bound tothe Samnits 
 by the Facial herA^dh 220.h 
 
 Pofthumius declareth the abufesofthe Baccha^ 
 HalstotheSsnat-) Sz^.d, his oration to the peo- 
 ple of Rome, 83 3. (f 
 Pfeneliines cruelty ^191. b. they invade theterrito- 
 ries t/Rome, I ^^.n.dife.itcd by the Romans. ih,o 
 Praeneflines tre>Kherou(ly furpnf: ar.dmaffaCre 
 the Cafditis, i90.£ 
 Pretors at RomQ chof^njlxy 66'i.a 
 Pretorfirji of commons. ^99' 
 Pretors twofirjl created .Jt Rome. ^98./ 
 Pretor firfi chafe n .it Rome, 1 48. j^ 
 Chef Pretor who he is, I5?.<^ 
 PrdttoriHm, 218.^ 
 PretortHm what it is, 1 8 r .* 
 Prxtextaii, ^jij 
 A Prefe.n for Apollo/ «f to Delphi. 9j.f 
 T/;*^,(ff Principalis dcxtra, 86.4 
 Martius a brave fouldur his §>eech to hii fouldiers 
 381.4. he vanejuifheth the Carthaginians and 
 forceth two camps-, 584-^' 
 PiincipalisViainCaflris, "278./ 
 
 Pn net pes, 191. b 
 
 Prindpia, 492. w 
 
 Privenutes enfranchifed Romans, Thtir free 
 
 Ipeech to the Senate. ^99.^ 
 
 Proclaiming war in what form, 1 1 f 
 
 A Pro-dElMor cbojen at Rome, 54^." 
 
 Prodigies, 320.^. 322.A. 33i.e. 339./. 382./. 
 
 4i3.ff.4i7./.405.^.409,^.439.<?.45o.<'.458. 
 
 o^. 450.W. 452.jr. 513.C. 'i6o.n.6o%.e,6\o.l. 
 
 6\ l,e.6ti.f. 62,0 g.69i.a.yoi,d. 
 Prodi^ieSy-j^Q,h.j^^.i. Ss7.a. 1058.6. 859.?. 
 
 Sdo.j^. 
 Prodigies are to be regarded , 9yo,h 
 
 Prodigies, 907.4.903./. 905.C, 9l^.e.9Zl.b. 
 
 9^-3-c- 
 Propbefy o/SybilLi, 5 1 ' •/ 
 
 Prophefy BfihedefiruElionofVe.Vi, 9i.g 
 
 Prolerpinas tre^fcre robbed at Locri> SyS.t 
 
 Vtoxcnus pot fomd by his ownwife. 909.4 
 
 Provinces charged with Pretors cxpenfes, 915./ 
 VcytiDiiyihe fo'!;eraign magifirat cfthe Rhodi.tns, 
 
 943. tf 
 Prufias a medi.itor between Rome and Perleus, 
 
 hif oruf.ofi, 959 b 
 
 Prufias folUcited at one time by the Romans '^nd 
 
 King Am'iochus, l^o.g 
 
 Kiig^ianas cor>!CthtoKome,io2^,h. Lis un- 
 pfincelik^ beh,%viour, Io:p,f 
 
 Publicancs ftfply the need of the City, 40 9 .c 
 Publiccla tl:efur»,ime o/Valerius, 31.^ 
 
 Pubiirus Clivusj 548./? 
 
 Lej^.e- Publics, i98.« 
 
 Pudicitia patritta.d' Pcdicitia Plebcia, 298.0 
 Pull'.rius, 291.^ 
 
 PuHfcl^ w.-.r beginnethj ^97><^ 
 
 Firfi Punick,war ended by L.ha&ilias, 298.4 
 Py", 761.^ 
 
 PylaicumConfilinm, (5jo.o 
 
 Pythagoras htspolUcy fo/iz/nrLacedemonj^^o.A 
 PyrrhuS efcapeth poifonsng, 290 i 
 
 Q 
 
 QUadrigate pieces, 3 7 1 .« 
 
 Q,. Hoflilia fuffetled to have poifanedher 
 oiva husband C.CalpurniusCow/;//, 88(5.c 
 Quirtoria porta, 679.* 
 
 QiuHorium, 280.;^ 
 
 Qiiies ffwf/f, 1 gyi^ 
 
 Qiiintiaprata, -77.^ 
 
 Qiiinquacriis, 4='3.^.975.*ff 
 
 Quinqueviri Mcnfarii, 171. e 
 
 Q.uinquevirs for divifion of lands, io,g 
 
 Qiiinquevirsfrf.«f<i, ipo.w 
 
 D.Quintiu?7Z^»;; in f, a fight by Perro a Taren- 
 tine, 4oy.f 
 
 L Qiiintius Cincinnatus norfJnated Dictator ef 
 Rome, 88./;. his praifes,i^j.a. found bufy in 
 huibandry,and honorably receivedtnto the city^ 
 88. ». his valour, vi^ory,andtriumph,?>9.d.his 
 concjuefts, I4I.<* 
 
 T. Quintius his or. it ion in the counfel cfConnth, 
 
 690,(7 
 T.Qnintius Cincinnatus made captain of the re- 
 bels ag/fin/i his will, 1 3 o^ 
 T. Quiutius Flaminius his oration in the CoMnceL 
 cfCot]mh.6^9.e.invadethPhoc\s,Si9.f,hit 
 preparative againfl ATgos,S6S.k^l.{ieth (lege to 
 £latiaj6i9./". his or at ion to the tyrant Nabis, 
 699. c. his policy^ 681,^. he tendreth co:id:tioni 
 of peace to Nabis, ibid. J^ 
 T .Qn'mwiihis fage counfelto the fiate of CtceCC 
 OS^f,hijfpeecbtoDioyhmesa>:d the Ach^- 
 ans,2gi ,e. his coHrtcfy to theAch^t.ins befieged 
 inNiup3£i\}m,y49.a.hereformeth theftate of 
 Theflaly .6j9.b,he rid th iij triumph.il H.c.his 
 anfwer to Menippus or^con 691 .d. his anfwer 
 to Hegefianax,;iJ.f./je befiegeth Rhage?,<5i9.«'. 
 the qarrifonrcpiilfeth him, <^-o.jf 
 T. Qiiintius Flaminius calledin ^uefiion by the 
 Ceijorsfor his Icoj: If. andcruelty. 854.6 
 T.Q^iintius Crifpinus dieth of his hftrt, ^61. e 
 Qiiirinus his temple, 29 if 
 Q.»tritest J^.h.-Js'.b 
 R 
 
 R-Aincf earth, 278.W 
 
 Rzmoius informeth agaiKfi jr.Perf. 920.0 
 Regilia b.utail, ^6.m 
 
 Religion regarded before matters of fiat e, ;? 41 .4 
 Rdtgion much corrupted at Rome, 447«^ 
 
 Rfp9rt out of Macedon, 97^.g 
 
 Rhamnenfes, ij.t 
 
 R.Sylvia aVefial virgin^ 2.i. mother raRomuIus 
 <?;7<iRhemus3 ibid.l 
 
 Rhegins true to the Romans, 3 87.6 
 
 Rhemus 4wd Romulus borny^,m.Fondlings,$.m 
 Rhemus flam. 5./ 
 
 Romefounded, <j.d 
 
 Romahs defateth the Ceninia>tt.,-j.g.er.Sleth the 
 temple of J .FeretriUS, 8./;. offereth roio/ /poils^ 
 tb.d^fomfiret! the Antemnates^ 8, k.. winneth 
 Fiderx- 10, i. difcomfitcth th^ !^eicntians,l6. 
 ca-ioiiiz,edaCod, 16, b 
 
 Rhifiolus threatntth to kjlhisfonT^Umnon in the 
 
 Jchdan
 
 The Index to T.Livm, 
 
 Ach&^n coi:ncel. 6z^.e 
 
 Rhod,aMS in f oitd terms deal for ftici^cat ion be- X 
 
 , 'p(teenVe.litVi$^.nd Romans, 92.0.^ 
 
 Shodt'^» Embajfadort Oration tK the Senate of 
 
 Rome. 783,^. they are folliched by King Per- 
 
 {qms to revolt from the Romans. 94*^-'* 
 
 Rhodian Embtiffadors oration in the Senate of 
 
 Rome. V^S'*^ 
 
 "Rkoaians put the Macedonians to pght. ^Tlf 
 
 Riot at Locri bi'f(feenV\z.va\x\\\X% fouldiers . nd 
 
 other Captains, JJi.* 
 
 Romans lay ft ege to Syracufa. ^^7''' 
 
 Roman Emb^jf-eratton inthe PaKatolium. 630.^ 
 
 Romans makr preparation for war agai/^/l- And- 
 
 ochviS.j2o, h.they embattail ag^.i>iftADtioi.hus. 
 
 ib.i.they mak^- preparation againJiPeTitas.9 -9 f 
 Rome made a goddefs by the Alabandiayis .^Z'i.e 
 Rome taken by Brennus and the French. 1 30. / 
 .' re-ed:fied. 180.1 
 
 Komsitj great fear of Ar^mbals coming, 398.£ 
 KomuWi won, 258* 
 
 KomaWm^onft'it fined by the people. 98.^ , 
 
 Rorarii. 196 k. 
 
 Rolka I he pulpit (retiedfirftt& vfhyfo calld. 198./ 
 Ruffuli who they be. I 6S.m 
 
 lA.Km'lViUs the Conf.l his policy. 226.I 
 
 Rniilius a tribune of the comwens beareth a fide 
 agawFl the Cfw/ir/.Q^Fulvius ^«^ A.Pofthu- 
 mius. 958;« 
 
 SAbin maidens ravifhed by the Roi}tans,j.d, 
 thcyfiay the battAHbet^een Romans and Sa- 
 hins .^iw, p_^ 
 
 Sacredjpring. ^^2,h,6i9.e 
 
 Sacrifices of men andtvomen> " 35^'^ 
 
 Sionatam ajfaultcdit he file thereof ^^'f.c.rvon by 
 Annibal, 324. w, they burn ^their goods and 
 
 themfclves, 
 
 il>id,k^ 
 
 Saguntum recmered from the Carth.tgi>-. ^Szi 
 Saoumhn Emb^'Jf- to the S.nat ofKooie. s6:^,d 
 Salaria via, 173.^ 
 
 Salii, ii.«- 
 
 Salins in Rome, 6%o.b 
 
 Salins, a place in T.-fcaae where fait ^ made, 
 
 OueWvs the aftthor, 192.* 
 
 Salinas 'Rovnzt)x, fait pits, about 0(\\iy 173.^ 
 Salinatoc the fumame of Livias^ whereupon it 
 
 came, 544.^ 
 
 SaUis temple at Rome, 376./? 
 
 S^Jxtihgof lods, 538.(5:, 
 
 Samsans befiegedlj the Roma:it.,Sc^.b,they man- 
 ' fatly dtfendt heir Cityyibid.c. forced^ ibid.d. 
 Samnits preparation far war, 2^6. 1, their Jirange 
 
 ceremonies therein,tbid,m,VAni^iiiJhed at Aqui- 
 
 lonia, ~7°-k 
 
 Sam;nts defeated ly the Romans, 23 3. c. 244,^ 
 Semnits defatedbf Fabitu, ^73"? 
 
 Santniis warbegi»ncth^ l8i,/ 
 
 Saninitsfhicldi-, 2 5 S.g.their glorious armotir^ibh 
 Satunite fcicers what they be, ibid.n 
 
 Sam!;its defeated ly the RomanS^ib>d.f{. theyfolli- 
 
 citthe T»fc.nu to war, 2y6.h 
 
 SiDoir'ms the river, 788.0 
 
 Sanqnslis, 9°7rf 
 
 Satiiciim ard the Samnits dtflroied. 1 82. w» 
 
 Satticiim dfiroied and burnt, 1 6. 
 
 Satricnm w>(7«,i36t«, burnt by the Latins, Ijl.e 
 
 .P. Scipio Africanus fiaieth the yong nobility at 
 Komtfiom ('bandon/ng Itily. ^Jl, b.hef^ea* 
 reth them to dfsr.d the cci/'mon-rveahhjihid.c 
 
 P.Cor.Scipio /"t oration to his fostld:cr.'-,vfhen he 
 approached Annibal firfi-, "iiS.d. he is hurt, 
 $i9.a. hercfcueth his yong fonSd^'lo^fiirna" 
 7/7ed after AhiCiTiVS, ibid, 
 
 Cn.Scipio dcfeateth Hanno wSpain, 34^.^ 
 
 L.Scipin j:ajf'th over Heilefporjc, 761.^ 
 
 P.Supio Afui-sniis h^s fon pnfoneririth Autio- 
 chw&,j']6.h^.h':mttriii:y I'fed by hsm-,tbtd.o.his , 
 good coiinfcl toHer^icWdcs} 757'^ 
 
 LtSuYiio far name: h Aliaticus, 767,11. he tr'mm' 
 pheth, _ 775-/ 
 
 P. Scipio Africanus called in ejuejlion by the two 
 Petilii. 8o5jff 
 
 P.Sc.Africanus his jpeech to the people .j/Rome, 
 806.^. he retireth out of the way to Lltemum, 
 & avoideth his trials 809. a. he is friended by 
 hii adverfarj T.Semp.tjracchus, 810.A 
 
 "L.ScipiOcondemnedjvith others for purloining the 
 city treafure. ^O^.e.his yongefl daughter tfpon- 
 fedto T.Gracchus,8o7./'./jc is awarded to pri- 
 fo-i^ibf .releafed,?>0\ .e.his goods coifijcate^ib.f, 
 
 P.Scipio Nafica fleadcth in the behalf oft he honfe 
 and family of the CornelJi. 8 n .e 
 
 Qn,Sc\'(i\owo::^ded before Munda, Z^O.g 
 
 P.Scipio (Africanus) f/jp/t^fe^jd/Zf?, 383 e. hu 
 fair language and demeanour ^^90. It he be- 
 fi/-gcth-\\\\x.mg\im-, 496, b 
 
 P.Cornelius Scipio yZ^w, 463.^. his b 'other 
 
 " Cneus [lain, 465.^ 
 
 P.Sci.AfricannscAo/e» L^ Depi^ty of Spiin-^$ 36. f 
 ficJl^, 5 \^ e.his oration to his mutmou* tmdre- 
 belltoHs fouUieri,^ ^6,h. he executeththe Cap- 
 tains of that rebellion, 558. /. his oration to his 
 fotildicrs 1,1 hts expedition againfi the llcr^ets, 
 5 5i>.c. he retftrneth to Rome,5<5i.o. hi^ di[po' 
 'futon aadtjii^iitieSi^OJtf his aufwerto F^biilS 
 his oraiion 56-].d.he was furmfhed into^fricl^ 
 by h is frkr-ds n>Td allies, 5 7 1 
 
 P.S.Atrieanus/?/> oration to the old fonldiert wko^/t 
 bsfoundin Spain, 497. f. he pajfsth over Ibe- 
 rus with his army,ibid.g.his oratiofi to lots f on l- 
 dicrs beforenew Carthage, ^99- f. his fing-i^lar 
 dtfcretion in giving a n-.urnl coronet ^ih. his rare 
 providence for the prifoners- tc\en at new Car- 
 izhgQ^and ejpecially the Gentlewomen., yo:;./', 
 fiandercd behind hi^s back.-, 5^4.'. his p--ijfing 
 continencv and courtefy., ibid, hereffth the 
 n,me ofKi»g,^<)0. m. hegiveth battailio Ai- 
 drabal/fl^o/Gilgo, 457/ 
 
 P.Sci. NiGcafonofCaQVSJ'.-dgedthebrflinan of 
 the city-, 5 2 oJ.he tra^^orteth cybele f oRoine,/^. 
 
 Scipio defeated by the Gauls at Clnfirm, iSj/. 
 
 S. Africanus hisvoiageinto Africkjt'',6^.,l, his 
 prater when he took, Sea for yjfrick^ J S 8.» 
 
 Scipio's anfrverto Annibak sr.it'on 5 Sc.m.he re- 
 tUrneth with glory toKomZ-^^ 91 .r.his trinwph 
 ib.d.JiirnamedAhicar\us, 505, t. hir fir.;ta-' 
 geme in firtnq^ thewinteri-ig harbors of Sypbax 
 and Aidmhil, $97. f. his private Ofifrtfics 
 with MafanilTi IjpS.;?. heimpofcthcondnions 
 of peace to the Carthaginians, e^^.b,hu anfiver 
 to Zcnfi!!, . . 757*^' 
 
 P Scipio ^*'r)Cf■na^s diet hat Liternum,8i ^.d.he 
 woitld iwt be enterredat KomCjtbid.e, his com' 
 meridation^ibid.f, Scodra ,
 
 The Index to T,Livm, 
 
 I Scotiii) the fite thereof, 95^A 
 
 Scorpions. ^^-i-.s 
 
 Sella Curuli?. 6.m 
 
 ! P.Sempronius /;»/Or<Jt<o«^^<e;«/?Ap, Claudius. 
 
 Semproniui B!efus<»cc»/ff/;Cn. Fiilvius. 471X 
 I.ejfaieth the triurnph of Pub.Cor. 75*.^ 
 ScmproniaBaiilica. 974.^ 
 
 P.Sempronius hit cornmendAhle parts. 59^.a 
 C Semp.Tuditanus /lai» t,j Spain. 6yS.h 
 
 C. Sempronius Atracinus thcConful accufed hy 
 Julius //)f Trtl>::n, 103. m. beloved, ofhufonl- 
 diers.\o^.b. condemnedand fir.td. 'hid. c. 
 
 Sempronius the Coy;[ul overbold and pro'id of hit 
 ^ood fortune, 3 '5.'" 
 
 Sempronius Tuditanus his vaIout* 3 17.? 
 
 Some creeled. 6.0 
 
 S:ippli:dby Patres Minorum gentium. 6.0 
 
 Supplied by FabiusButeo. 394.« 
 
 Se»Mors ofRoms behc/d the games a>idpLiies a- 
 part fi-om oth-rs. <? 7 2 .« 
 
 C.ServiJiusHala;^;7/ffASpii.Meliin?. i z^.b 
 
 Q.. Servilius Ahala D.c^.itor defe-ucth iIk G.-iuls 
 andJiburtins. ^^Sf 
 
 ServiusTnllius hi^ h -.id o>i alight fire. 25. e. A? 
 t.iketh upon him the crorf>K,2^,a< he is killed bj 
 Tarquinius Superbug. 28./ 
 
 Sextilii a Nan bunedquick,. ^92.h 
 
 L.SextiuSf/jf firfl commoner chofen conful. 20^. g 
 SVo^h -ook!' 3 3oi 
 
 Lu. Siccius murdered bj tre.'.chery of the Decem- 
 virs. 96.m 
 Silver coine<d in J^Omz. ^96.g 
 Sinueffar/jir/owo/Arunca. ipj-/ 
 Staves ferve in war. 5 57.^ 
 SlingCrS Achxans of rare cunning. Z06.I 
 Soli fttrprifed I J treafn, iJO.m 
 Sopater hu fptech totheSymcufiay.s 4H''* 
 Sophonisba drinksth pofjnfe: t herfom her htu- 
 bdnd. 57 5. w. her (peech to Malanifla the con- 
 queror. 57^-''' 
 Sofis the Syracu/!'!» rtwardedby the Rom. 420./ 
 jimoSo'^'piti her Temple, 69'^.h 
 So-.ldiersfirsl fivorn fiimnly toferve, iJJ.' 
 Soitldiers df'jbedient to their captaintv.lfiUji lofe 
 thefiiU. _ \94-g 
 Spain generally revolt to Scipio. 457. f 
 Sparca.3 5 I /. the fite andbHildi''7jhereof,66^.c. 
 invejlidby T Qiiintius and the Romans. 6%g,e 
 The wofHllSpc^^iCle of the RomMS overthrow at 
 Cannx, 37 8.^ 
 Temple of Spes. 340./ 
 Sf ''<.<■' or nad drive t in regard of witchcraft. 1 Sp.e 
 Sta'ie-pU'tes fijl devifedat Rome. 4o5.e 
 Senates made bffou/durs in car^;p. l6S.nf 
 Strat.igcme cfL Tarquinius Prrillu?, 1 %.g 
 StrataaemeofQmnWf' 49 f 
 Strat/i^en.e -/CSuipitius Dictator. 2 1 idhii vl- 
 ^orji tri'^mph^ ^;nd^cld confecrated. i f,d 
 Stratagem of theF ah jcians&Tarq-'iniansAO^.e 
 jiftrect way from Bononia fo Arctium »>-^«/r^/ 
 C Flaminiiis cl/ed Flaminia.Sip f. another 
 ^awPlacentia to Axiiam^made by M. itmy- 
 lius. 8^0/ 
 StrenfirfipwediHRomc. io^ d 
 Sr.'rl.'i •» irid<rr m^de over Tiber. I 6.h 
 Pub. Si.lpiiius the Conftls Oration to thepeople of 
 Rome. 580.' 
 
 Sumanus. 6^l,e 
 
 S;<perfittion .7f Rom e. 31/ 
 
 Suir'mm bejieged by theTfffcans.zjp.c.trvice won 
 
 ii> one day. i6^.t. recovered again by Camillus. 
 
 183.^ 
 Sfigrender of a City, the form thereof. 3 .c 
 
 Srrord- fencers exhibit ed by ^ .Sc.hidcixm^.^gz.i 
 iyyli^nus puttethMzgoto flight a/;dtakjthHaDDO 
 
 prifomr. 49<5.'^ 
 
 Synedri. 1034./ 
 
 Syphax takfth pa-t with the Romais.^pz.m. he is 
 mediator for peace leiween Romans andC^rr- 
 th.gintAKs. 498.0 
 
 Syphax King cf the Ntimidians^ foHicitcdto fid; 
 rviththe Romans. ^^^.c. his reqsieflto the Ro~ 
 man Embajf.ibidf.df^atedby yong MaQpifla. 
 420.^. heejpoufith the d:''ghter of hfd^ttbil 
 fon ofGli'^0.§46.l,taks» prijo::er,$ '', 3 ,a prcfen- 
 ted(.aptiveto S:ipio.554.w. hedieth. s^9. h. 
 his ■.v:irdstoSc\p\o Africjnus. 748. »/ 
 
 Syracuia (.t^r '; hy Marcel. 5 66.i.rMfacked.:\6j .f . 
 
 Sjrdcfifian Orators treat with Marcellus/or p^ace. 
 
 40l.<r 
 
 Syracufi.'.ns complain of Marcellus. 404./? 
 
 Syracisfians in an uprcre k^ll the Pretors. 381./ 
 T 
 
 TAnaqnil wife c/Tarquinius Prilcus. 23./ 
 T.Lent Attick^of eighty pound' 7^5-f 
 
 Tarentini frj.'Aw. " 7°h^ 
 
 Tarentines deluded by Papyrius. 231.^ 
 
 Taicntum t.il^rn in the ni<rht by Annibal. S93'^* 
 the Caftle won by treajon. 443-/ 
 
 TarquiniusSuperbuso-ff.-rffi/C/^g-tf/Rome.ai.t 
 
 his tyranny And cruelty' ibid.t 
 
 Sextos Tarquinius his fJjhoodto the Cabins, 3 1 .j- 
 Tarq.Colaiinns Coyrful giveth over hif place.^J.d 
 Tarquinius Prifcus « murdered, 24,r» 
 
 Tarq'iinius Gentleman beheaded inKomS' 203.^ 
 L. Tarquinius Gener.d of the Cavalry^his poverty, 
 
 yi'.h 
 
 T.Tatius raigneth with Romulus. 7/ 
 
 J imiiii plate t. 840.6 
 
 Taxation or review taken cf IZ colonies. 590.1 
 Te t.'figes GaUogr/cians their treachery. 784.;^ 
 
 rewarded for their villmy. 800./ 
 
 Tempcft extraordinary at Rome. 890.0 
 
 Dame Tullus or mother- earth. 1 96.rt 
 
 S.Tempanius a valiant knight. \ 3 5. f . his mode' 
 
 fli towards his General. 1 J 6.>t 
 
 Terentius Varro his p.irentage, behaviour, and 
 
 riftng. 3 87 .f . chofen Conful. ^QS,l,his bragging 
 
 inthe^eiiat. 389.<r 
 
 Tcrntius Varro received with thanksgiving after 
 
 tLe battel at CiUDX, 35°.^ 
 
 C. Terentius Varro his bafemindjhetvedto the 
 
 Ewbafadors e/Capua in his oration. 5 $9.6 
 Straige Tern pe;} at Rome , 854.W 
 
 Tempfj^ he defcription thereof, 957./ 
 
 Terentilla//Jii'/»-o/)fl/"^,;i. 78.^ 
 
 Q; Terentius Culleo lononreth the triumph of 
 
 Scipio in his cap ofliie ty. 59'.o 
 
 ThalalTio. J.e 
 
 Thaumaci ^f/Jef <rii^; Philip.6i 5./. t/ji-Tif f f ''fr- 
 
 of. ~ ^'^-K 
 
 Thec.tint enter into league with the Remans. 2^4.6 
 Theodorus a corfpirater <»^/7»«/? Hieronytnus 
 
 executed, 3 ^J.c.he appeacheth Thralo liftmly. 
 
 ibid.d. Theo-
 
 The Index to T.Livim, 
 
 Theodorus a»d Sofis enter Syracufa and incite 
 
 the citiz,cKStoliherty, 339.* 
 
 Theoxena mat tech her fibers hnJl>a»d.S^^.e. her 
 
 refolHtiof! <» id manlike faB. ibid-e 
 
 Thcjfaloni.;ns cumfUtntsof Ktng Philip, 841.C 
 7 hr^cians fet upon the army ff Cn. Manlius and 
 
 vohthem. 834.i' 
 
 Ihxx'iO i:inocent pHt to de4th with others. 362./ 
 Thoas 1 M report of Antiochus/erCf/. 711. a 
 Thoas difippotnted of his plot for Chalcis.741 ,h. 
 
 he h,7d:rh Amiochus with his Uafings. 18. 
 
 [>'^?;ifitih aoa:n/i Annibal. il>id. 
 
 Tha:\}sjideth ro the Romans. 83. c 
 
 Thurins yeetd:be Ctty to the Carthaginians, ^6 o.i 
 Tetm'iDnsCodofl;ound(, 33.^ 
 
 Terminaiia. 980. /> 
 
 Timalitheus his religion jfiflice^& courtefj.iii'f 
 Titi.ufes. i5-p 
 
 TogaViriiis. 351/ 
 
 Toga prxtexta. 4./; 
 
 Treaty of peace betwien T. Quintius & Philip 4r 
 the river Aous.Sl 4.i^.ff turneth to a fray. 6 z z.g 
 Treaty ofprace between Philip and the &jtoltAns. 
 
 ^ ,. 463.^ 
 
 Trebius betraieth Ccnfa to Annibal. 37 J.* 
 
 Triies four adjoined to Rome. iCz.h 
 
 Two tribes added to the rffi. 187.^ 
 
 Tribes added, Anienjis and Tarentine. 2 29, y 
 Tribes 3 5 in all. l^o.m 
 
 Tributes frfi devijed. 31. b 
 
 Tributa Comitia. ^8./ 
 
 Tribnns ef commons created firji. 54"' 
 
 Tnbuns of commons createdt en. 90.h 
 
 Trihuns military twenty chofen in an infurreHion 
 by foaldiers, 91 >e 
 
 Trtbuns military chojen eight. 90 .g 
 
 Tribuns ofcommo'ts create d again, 9 z.h 
 
 7 ribuns chofen out of Paint tj' ^9.f 
 
 Trib:r/is cf commons continue five years, 178.* 
 L^w Trebonia. 9^.h 
 
 L.Trcbonius/wr^itwf^ Afper.po.^ (diers.iS^.c 
 Trtbftns military fix in a leg ton chofen by thefoul- 
 Trinundinum, 86.f 
 
 Tripudiuoi Soliftimum.2<Jo.^ (94«» 
 
 Triumph gr ait edwithout the confent oftheSenat, 
 Triumvirs for planting colonies. 1 io.m 
 
 Triumviri Cap tales firji ordained. ^90g 
 
 Triumvirs far the night. 2 Zl.e 
 
 Triutuviri menfarit. 379 -f 
 
 Triumviri Epn/ones inflitute'dat Rome. 637. f 
 Trientius<aWTributus4^tfr. 595."^ 
 
 Triumvirs Capital, 826./^ 
 
 Triumviri facris faciuudis. 8 ij.a 
 
 Lari Tolumniuj K:ng of the l^ifcntlins l^tUttb the Roman 
 Emhaff.ii^k /2r»^ A.Coroclius Culfuj. ny.e 
 
 Tfuccbnrv^t'i Romec>Cjnh>|e fcra^JW^ AIdrubal,)r6o./ 
 Truce bcttptcnH ih'is mdT,Qv\m\us. iio.m 
 
 ■/"i'ACciftn'CfS T.Qu'ntius «»</ Philip, «jo.» 
 
 Tuccia « vefial Nun ix'cuted. 360 t 
 
 Tullia ihe-wfeol T.S^pabuf.^j b. (he compafeth the 
 Kj^gdom far bcrhMbitid, ib,c> ridtih vilb her coach over 
 her fathers dudcorpi. 3^4 
 
 Tulljinum. rxy,* 
 
 Tanci fur priCfdbj Seipio Africanus. coi.x 
 
 Tullus H )ftiliu5 created King o/'Roaie. ij.e 
 
 Ti;inultu«g3llicus. iSj.e 
 
 Turiiu%Herdonius/)a/ta(/f4ffc. 30/ 
 
 Tiifcuhncs poUirylo avoid thtTfumanwiir. 150. w 
 
 Tufcani d.feitidhy iheRnm.at Sutuix-r.igi,n.n6_g.z/^fi,h 
 Their U>i^uiig<' '.trned hy the Remans cbtldnn. 244 b 
 
 T^birinui diawncd in Tybris. ^."^ 
 
 Two tabid oflawi added to the former ten. ag.b 
 
 Two fntermtui ofTriamvirs chofen. lao [ 
 
 TWD Termons 0/ Triiimvin chofin to levy fouldiers, 344 "a 
 
 V 
 
 VAcciprjca. ^ 
 
 Vatlimon ««m84 rf, the battail there. ibid.n 
 
 Vilcria law far af pealing. ^^g l 
 
 P.Wi\ct\uientcr/edal ihttuiei charges. ^j^J 
 
 V.Pulvillus and H.ii»ibitus,mediators between noblei and 
 
 commons, ,,^ 
 
 M. Val.Coivicus (Cotful) at t^ years rfaf/.t j*.;. hu ora- 
 lion to the fouldiers it^.f.bu good pMts dtjhibed. 184.? 
 Fanqiiifbeth the Sttmmts ibj.hii fpidhto the rebels, isfi'.e- 
 L. Valer,b« orat'ian in maintenance cf womais btavtry,66i ,b 
 M.VjIcHus Coivinus triur^pheth. j^^'g 
 
 M.Vilcrius Maximus hu fuUtcy. 148.1. 
 
 C. Val.Fhccus inflatted FlamenDijlis again^ hie wlli,»n'd 
 
 why.^S i.e.upon hu priefthood he became a nt-w matt.'bid f 
 M, Vil. Livinus hu Speech to ioUicit the JEtoliam to take 
 
 part with the Romans -□ *j 
 
 ValeriusFlaccus hu hardy txploit,^9t g. beand Vibius L 
 
 their good feivice nwardsd. ibid b 
 
 Variance amongll the Cupuins in Camp. „' f 
 
 Vamnce about lands between M-Aimt andCaubaz •78/ 
 yatilis in R-ome made by Tiiqu\nlu%P[iicus. ,/, 
 
 Vedius Mctius his valour, , *'^ 
 
 Veii fi,libejiegtd.i^6.m.wiin by M.Fniius Catuillu*. 160 I 
 
 ^'''"- Ai'r 
 
 yenetiam their beginning. ^ » 1 
 
 Venus £ryciiia.8j7.f,fo<>-«w^/f. g * ' 
 Vcnas Cloacina. ' '^ 
 
 Vcnufines comitfy to the reliques at Cann«, jsf 'I 
 
 Vermin, ftndeth Embafadors to Rome, two. <lob 
 
 Vtftalvtrgtmfcoutgedf,, ,hefi,egoing out. 4,,", 
 
 Ve?m^oiUdbytheRo,nam, ^ ^'r 
 
 Via Nomencana or Ficulcnta. i-\ 
 
 Vioius the Peligniatt bis valourOM fervict. zxW, 
 
 V'ctfltmaria gold. 1°*^ 
 
 A Viccffmie I ribut of manumifed ptrfots Vit e 
 
 Goddefsy iQoiiz her temple. 2«,.c. her image fent to Rome 
 
 /^«OT i^.'»^ Hieronymus. .jg.;, 
 
 Thepiiii„l}to^y of Virginia.,7.tf. I^iaedby her father, •o.e 
 Vitidomirus flain. a 87 c 
 
 Virius fiMicittih the Campans to revolt. 47 « /» 
 
 V.Viiius author of the Capuans revolt from the Ram.iZ b.'bis 
 
 oration ib.n. he with other nobles poij on tbemf elves. 47*0 »• 
 yiUiratioxordotetfjl.Jh, •^'5'"S 
 
 Vilions appear to the coa/uls, ]'J''f. 
 
 Vitruvm^ Vaccusrf,A.«^«^.ipy.^. t,ii(„ pri finer, iSji 
 Vmbiuns dtjcomfiiediy Fabius conful. ^ „^* 
 "^mbii»ni.deftroyed by Komtnt. ^I'f, 
 
 Votones abandon their colonies. , * 
 
 V^lmttmyjlavesfor goodfervce made free by Qrucb lll't 
 Vvljcians finaUyfitbdued by Ca.Lillus. ' %;"" 
 
 Volfctans m Sfitn deny aid to K.oaic. jlil 
 
 Volfumnas temple »"»•& 
 
 v;ba;'^SS^^^^ 
 
 Vl.ro rributa, '*°-*^ 
 
 ^iVuJ"'^'"' '^"^ '"f"^"^''" i«Ronic.44.b. repnpd 
 
 Vfcana valiant/y defended againjl Pcrfeus. '/y w 
 
 rfuren fined at Rome. ,„. 
 
 K/i7 reprelfed, but cunmntty praffifed, 7 1< 'c 
 
 Vt.ca befieged by S.meLVsJlZ'fiegeralfed. lYdll 
 
 \/ X/'^'' d"Titd at Rome ag.ni.fi Mjcedony. 584./ 
 V V n'tmerexiraordi,ia,ycold iyo.m. gz.e 
 
 XX 
 Enophanc! < lying Embafadors: 3 Sy.e 
 
 X/ Ol^e offcrvitude what it is. 807./ 
 
 ZAcynthus given to Aminander by Philip. 7i8.j('. ie- 
 iraud b) Hierodcs to the Achteans. ibid, n. rejimd 
 to the Ramans. tbid.o 
 
 Z;iio his fpeech in the Couictl o/Demctrias. yc?./ 
 
 Ztufippui murdereth Baicillaj. ti^.h. appeacbed there- 
 fore, be fled. ,hid.i 
 ZeuSftreairthwith L, Scipio for a peace ketwein Amio- 
 chus and Romans, jfj.f 
 
 FINIS,
 
 A Second Index y 
 IContainingtheexpofition of thofe terms mLivy which are 
 
 not yet familiar in Englifli» and offome places 
 
 omitted in the Marginal notes. 
 
 Whereunto the Reader mayha've recourfe^ when he mecteth mth any 
 fuch difficulty in the Hiflory. 
 
 A 
 
 «/»/, the furoame to divers fttniliesin 
 
 Rome, 
 
 ^ ty£dili, certiin inferior migiftrits in 
 Itomt : who were oi two forts ; /•/«• 
 teii and Ctirmles^tebni,o\ theCommoDl on- 
 ly, two in number mote tocien.. then theo- 
 th'ci, cbotcn by the people alone to fecond 
 aodto ii sift the Tiionnesoi the Commons 
 •6 their right hinds. This ntme they took of 
 the cbirge tbev btd ot temples, cbippels, 
 md oratories ; albeit they rcgiltercd the San- 
 flions and i(5t8 of the people c«lled/>/f*i/f/r4 
 «na kept tot lanoc in their own cuftody ; and 
 were cUfksofthemarkei: alio f hey exbioit- 
 edthe games tod plates called Plrieii. Cm- 
 rulety were like wile twain eleded out of 
 the or jcr and d-gree oi the PAtritti.(o called 
 of the j*orv cha.r wberin they were allow- 
 ed to fit. as ofhcers o^ greater ft«te. They fat 
 forth tbcr great rolemnuies called L^dt m*- 
 gni, QxRomtmi ; were overfeeis of the buil- 
 dings tbrc -'.iiouttbeCity as wellpubhckas 
 privat, tii tnaanerot the rtVoftocoi in ^thent ; 
 tbey had regard totbePablick vaults, links, 
 conveiances, and conduits of the CUy wa- 
 ters ; looked to the Arfenal-^c. Moreover, 
 they had power to attach the bodies of great 
 perfons ; and were charged to fee unto the 
 provifion of corn and viftaals. At the firft, 
 none but Patritii might be advanced to this 
 place: but in proceis of time, Commoners 
 alfo attained thereunto. Thcfe as well as the 
 PUbeii were Sacro[a«Uh /.utiviolablc. 
 
 Mrani, they were,wbo being citizens of ^<»»»<', 
 were by the Cenfors deprived of giving 
 their voices in their Century or f ribe ; paid 
 all tribute with citizens according to the va- 
 luation ot their goods.andfervcd in the wars 
 of their own charges : and either bccaufe dr4 
 ftudebant^ or, £ra nottmerebanty it leemeth 
 ihey took that name. 
 
 jiamen q-'.^dratum : A^n-.iMe e}f4adrat»ducere^\S 
 taken in a three-fold fence. Firlt, The fame 
 
 that / ff(^o exercittt-,t->f'(io avnune.Ot. ir<f fti* 
 
 ftz»is '• wh'ch iignifieththe ordinary manner 
 c'fenemies marching wirN banners dilplaied, 
 either to a battail, or to the fiege and iffaulc 
 of afort: ind thismanner ofphrafcaddeth 
 a grace only lo the lentence. Secondly, To 
 marrb or f^ht in a fourrquarebattaillon, 
 thoush not alwaies with equal fides & right 
 a»^lcs : and the fame not charged with tbe 
 carriages at all. Thiid^y, When an army is 
 
 fpread and difplaied at large, cnclofingtbe 
 impediments Or baggjgc in the midsjfoi fafe- 
 ty and fccurity. 
 
 jtgrArit, were laws preferred by the Tribuns 
 of the Commons,as well for divifion of lands 
 (conquered from the enemies) among the 
 Commons; as to reftrainthepoffeflionsof 
 the Nobles within a certain limit and com- 
 pafs. 
 
 Amhtusy The inordinat and exceflive defire to 
 be in office of ftate, appearing by indireft 
 and unlawfuU means ; either to their friends 
 and kinsfolks, or to the people : againll 
 which, many laws in ^««»f were provided; 
 namely, Ae»//<«, Btibtaf t/E,m)li^l>iciniti-fi.jA 
 others. 
 
 Ancilttc. J»cilewis a buckler orfcutcheon,that 
 (a they fay) fell from heaven into the hands 
 of K. Nnmaxn time of a plague; and he be- 
 ing adveftifed by £f<rr/Vj,Thatit was for the 
 health of the City,and ought to be kept fafe; 
 caufed 1 1 more to be made unto it , fo like, 
 as they could not be known from the pat- 
 tern ; which hereby was preferved. The kee- 
 ping hereof was committed to the twelve 
 
 Anmiles, were brief memorials, Chronicles, or 
 commentariesjcontaining the names of con- 
 fuls every year, the date of times, and all 
 memorable occurrents hapningtherein.The 
 high PrieflSjCalled Ponttfices maxhtfi hzd the 
 charge by their place to gather the fame into 
 tables,and to fet them up in their houfes for 
 to be feen: and hereupon they were called 
 hnH^les mdximia }A.iximu Po>itificihfs', and 
 not of their preatnefs,as thofe huge volumes, 
 named Libii Elcphantini. 
 
 Jpp, Afpiasf a forename appropriate to the 
 Houfe of the Claudti in Ramc' 
 
 JpfiA via,h notable ftreet or high-wayibegun 
 by Jp.daudriJ, reaching from Rome, as far 
 isCapja: and afterwards by Julius Ctfar 
 and Trajan', it was extended to Briyidis in 
 CaLbria. Of all Other it feemeth to be the 
 principal, by the teftimony of P*pinins\.\iZ 
 Poet, who writeth thus of it : 
 
 hpp'A conElinumfcrtur R:fr^i»Avi»rHm. 
 Called it was Tr/wwpWtf (as alfo the gate 
 CupfnA' ) bccaufe through it the triumphs 
 ordinarily pafled at the faid gate. 
 
 y^ra maxima. The great altar reared by Htrcu' 
 Its, and took the name ol a great heap of 
 ftones about it. 
 
 E c e e c Arbvr
 
 The fecond Index. 
 
 Arbor txfttlix, Is commonly taken for a tree 
 
 that naturally beareth no fruit. 
 jirgiletus ininj, Is ihe bafe or low part of a 
 fireec in Some ; in regard of the upper end 
 thereof, called Summut : in like fort as Jauhj 
 fumnsHs Cr imut, 
 Area, is taken for fotne void pliccwhereupon 
 nothing growechj^w/Vi aref-isForum hoannm 
 in Rome-, Area <^K£fofito de hove nomen hAbett 
 and differeth from Campus Joi that it is lefs. 
 Alfo a plot of ground made levell and clean 
 fot to build upon : as in Snetoniui 26, Forum 
 CitfAr-de mannbtis inehoavit^lhe Are* wher- 
 o(,(ideJi, the trimming and levelling of the 
 plot^ coft H-S. milltes^ id efi, 1 00 millions 
 ofSeftertii.Laft of alKihe broad yards before 
 temples, not covered buc compafled about 
 with columns, like a doifter with an altar in 
 the mids, be called Aretc. 
 Arufpices, were wifards orfouth-fayers.direft- 
 ed by the bowels and inwards of beafts kil- 
 led for facrifice, called alfo Ext/fices, and in 
 Greek Jeg^a-xcTo/jW ho prying into them>had 
 efpecial regard of che liver; whereupon their 
 whole Arc and learning was termed «tato- 
 itkotU, albeit they obferved alto the heart, 
 lungs, fpleen, andkidnies. 
 ^/ or A/SIS', ufually in Livy is taken for a Ro- 
 man poife, or coin in brafs, the tenth part in 
 value of their filver Denarms. At fir(t ic was a 
 pound weight of twelve ounces ; but after- 
 wards, the SextanSjf^ efl^ the fixt part therof, 
 was valued worth the whole: and hovvfoc- 
 ver othcrwife it altered in poife, it went al- 
 waics for 5 farthings or thereabout of our 
 englifli money. 
 Att^iirittm. See Aafpicia, 
 Aurei Romans, Peeces of go Id coin currant in 
 Rome : in round reckoning equivalent to our 
 fpur-roial of 15 fh For 100 Seftertii made 
 fiftrcum, \\h\ch amount to i 5 Hi. 7 d. ob. the 
 4 part ofmh:Att. zUb. in filver, and of an 
 ounce of angel gold. 
 AHfj)icia:Anjptces were properly the obfervati- 
 on of the birds^eit her by their finging and fly- 
 ing iritheair;or by theirgel ure and manner 
 of feeding in xhzn caves or coup : whereby 
 their Augurs 8c Pullarii knew in their learn- 
 ing, thepleafureand will of the gods, whe- 
 ther they favoured their emerprifes or no. 
 The birds that gave fign by their voice and 
 finging, they called Ofsiites ejuafiore canentetf 
 as the crow,raven,and owl;and therof came 
 ■^ugurium, cjuafi avium ^arritus, Thofe that 
 fliewed ought by their flight & wings, were 
 named ^///fj or Pr<ep°rtf/,as the buzzard, ea- 
 gle, crane, grype, fwan, and broad-winged 
 fouls. T(t(iv7T-74ff5.E«. The good figns were cal- 
 led SimflrA.'.u^icia quafi ftniflima^ajHodftnunt 
 fieri, whether they came from the left hand 
 or the right. In pullets or chickens kept in 
 cages , they obierved whether they came 
 forth willingly to their meat (for to abftain 
 from it was thought unlucky) wherea s their 
 feeding heartily, was a good fign and called 
 Joi'fiimttm tripudiumq^ai tcrrrpavrat» & ter- 
 rap:-diitm,vihen fome of the meat falleth out 
 of the mouth,(i-' serram pMvit-,i.hcii&iii upon 
 
 the groun4 > as it muft omh dc-, when they 
 pecked either corn, or gob. a; called of 4. 
 
 B 
 
 BAlifis^ were certain wars -like engins for to 
 fend out and level mighty fiones, to barter 
 and (hake City wals, made with ropes of fi- 
 rews and womens hair efpecially twined to- 
 gether: as appearethby VenasCaivazt Romey 
 unto whom, by occafion that the women of 
 the City parted with their hair for that pur- 
 pofe, a Temple was dedicated. According to 
 the weight offlones or bullets that this en- 
 gin would carryjthey were called Centenariay 
 or Talentaritz balifia. 
 ^'*ftlie*^ were ftately edifices or halls at Rome: 
 at firft ferving to plead in under covert, wher- 
 in they differed from For a : and alfo to mini- 
 fterjufticc, of /Sctcr/Mu<, which fignifieth a 
 Judge,as well as a King : but afterwards they 
 ufed to meet there in confultation ; alfo to 
 negotiate andtraffique: and thefehadnoc 
 only benches and bars like law-courts, but 
 fliops alfo for the better fort of wares and 
 merchandife. 
 Bellona, The goddefs of war; whofe temple 
 flood before the gate Carmentalu, and neet 
 adjoining thereunto was a column named 
 Bellica : from which the Romans were wont 
 to lance a dart or javelin towards thofe parts 
 where they intended to make war : whereas 
 in former times they fern their heralds to the 
 very confines of their enemies, to perform 
 that ceremony. 
 Bi£4ti, were the Roman P*»<«r«, having the 
 ftamp ofachariot drawn with two horfcs, 
 
 called Biga. 
 
 Baotarcbte, The chief magiftrats of the Bceo- 
 tians. 
 
 Q^. Caius. ^ The forenames of fundry fa- 
 
 Cn.Cneus. S milics in Rome, 
 Caleftds, was among the Romans, the day of 
 the new Moon,which fell out with them or- 
 dinarily the firft of every month : fo named 
 
 iiro ray lutMlv, idefl-, aalando, becaufcthe 
 
 petty Pontify ufed then to call the people to 
 the court C<j/<;^r<», and there to pronounce 
 unto them how many dales were to the 
 Nones of each month, &c. 
 
 Candidal iyVfCK thcy that flood in election and 
 fued for dignities of magiflracy : during 
 which time, they wore whiter and brighter 
 gowns than ordinary ,that they might be the 
 more eafily feen and difcerned a far off among 
 others. 
 
 CataphroEli., as well horfe as foot, were they 
 that were armed at al peeces with complcac 
 harnefs : and fuch horfmen were named Dt- 
 
 fef-forts. 
 
 Catapults, Viae, engins of warco (hoot arrows 
 
 or fuch like offenfive we.ipons,faroff : and 
 
 by that name was called not only the inftru- 
 
 mcnt it fclf, but the arrow or whatfoevet 
 
 was
 
 The ftcottd Index. 
 
 was ftior out •fit : as Turneb. writeth in his 
 
 15 ^dverjar.cap.j. 
 
 Ccnforsy Magiflrats of State \nRome: whofe 
 charge was 10 value and elHmate mens 
 goods, and enrol them accordingly in their 
 fevcral ranges. Alio to demife unto certain 
 Farmers, called Publicans^ thcpubluk pro- 
 fits of the City for a root, and to put forth 
 the City works unto thcm;to be undertaken 
 at a price. Likewifc to overfeemeii!" man- 
 ners, whereby oftentimes they would de- 
 prive Senators of their dignity, take iiom 
 gentlemen their horfes of lervice and their 
 rings; difplace Commoners out of their own 
 tribe, difable them for giving voices, and 
 make them t/£r^rit. 
 
 CtKtHries^ Yitit ranges and degrees of men ac- 
 cording to their worth,as they were afleffed 
 and enrolled by theCenfors. 
 
 Ct:»t:trittacomitii-, were thofe iflemblies and 
 elections, vvhereip the people of Rome gsve 
 tbeir voices and foffrages according t-- their 
 behaviour & wealth by Centorici.Aud !uch 
 were at all times molt favourable to the no- 
 bles. 
 
 Circe ffef Indi ('as pne wonld fay) C/' CH-etjfes, 
 For in rhc beginningbeforeihegr'^itliftsflnd- 
 fliew-plac ;s (called Cirques) were built- the 
 plot of ground wherein were performed the 
 norfe-runnings and other mafteries, was 
 flanked of the one fide with the rivcr,and en- 
 vironed on the other with i>fioids,Vid» Tur- 
 neb. ^dverfar. lib.';. Mp.J. 
 
 ZijiophoTHSj A peece of (ilver coin in Greece loii 
 thofe parts neeradjoyning, lefs than Drach- 
 ma or DcnartMi : fo called of the ftamp, re- 
 prefenting a man carrying a panier or casket 
 with holyreliques, mCjbeUsmyjieriis^ in 
 Bacehi orgiis-, or Qereris imtiis. If it be true> 
 that 7 500 of them go to the Eoboick talent, 
 which containeth 4oooDf«»??«'i,it is juft our 
 groat (lerling: hai \i Denarif!s\iz\^profor' 
 tt(i»smf:fq!iicj!itirt*'*t to it,and that 4 Denarii 
 are 5 ciilophors, (as6'/<«ir/5«i.olleckth out 
 of Bud^iu) it Cometh to our tc(foa of 6 
 pence. 
 
 Zlo.uina-) fuppofcd to be the imagcof f^e««j, 
 found by K. T.itiw in the great vault or fink 
 conveighed under the city, called CtcAca 
 maxima. And for that it was not known 
 what goddefs ic refembled, he gave it the 
 name of that plai e. Others fay, it is written 
 ClH(ici>i.t.oh\\t old word Clt'o^io fight:/or 
 that the Romans and >abin^ (ready to ftrikc 
 a battail) were by means of myrtle branches 
 confecrated unto ^''i.v.tt. pacified and recon- 
 ciled, in that very place where afterwards 
 the faid goddcl's was by that name worfhip- 
 ped. 
 
 Coemf.'ioyidii ^emx P.vtlm Manutim yy^onthc 
 familiar Epilfles of Cicero givethihis attri- 
 bute toSc^ipf.'.'.'^inthecnd ofthe third book 
 o'i Ltvy whereas in all editions it is, Co^rio- 
 italis. Now the fe- Coemptioi^ltS fenes (faith 
 he) vvcr= thofe old men, in whofe tuition 
 andauthorityj men by iheic lalt will and tc- 
 
 ftament left their widows or daughters ; and 
 without whom they might not paf$/«D<;- 
 miniHrn viromm per coet>jptioncm-, i. be mar- 
 ried according to theceremony called Co- 
 emption, whereby the husband and wife 
 feemed to buy one another. 
 CoWf, was ordinarily a bandof 5oorou!diers; 
 although once or twite in Lz-y; we read of 
 
 QjiAdragenArnt coLortes. 
 
 Comitiitm, was a pubiick place or Hall within 
 the Fornm RomAnHtn, where the people ufed 
 toaflcmble for audience of julHcc, pleading 
 oUaufes, and other occafions: whereupon 
 Comiiitt!es dies, were fuch dales upon the 
 which they might fo aflemble and meet to- 
 gether. 
 
 ^omttia^ or Comices^\sQvti\\z folemn sflemblies 
 ofthe people at ^owf,fummoned by the ma- 
 giitrats lawfully; to choofe officers, to enaft 
 ncwlawsorcanceloldjby their voiccs:wher- 
 ®f were three forts. 
 
 C«/-/-?f rt,in(litutcd by Rornnlus. Cetituriatahy S, 
 Tullius. Trilutft, brought in by the Tribuns 
 of the people: and the fird author thereof 
 
 WtuP.rdirtf. 
 
 Curiata and Qeyitf.ri.tta., were ^u[f>icata,i. per- 
 formed with the folemnity of obfervingthe 
 approbation ofthe birds, and the Senators. 
 
 Trihuta^vitte. held by the Commons oa\^,pgnet 
 qHoi HBI1 er-iNtaufficia^aad required neither 
 A. /fffM nor <i»f/;er/f«*ff»;j». the allowance of 
 the Ptures.had as in ContlttisCctturiati^-^'nc 
 richer and grearer men had the vantage;foi hi 
 Curt at a and Tributa, the poorer fort (for 
 their number^ went a way with the better. 
 
 In the Curiata comiti^u at the firlt (until S.T«/» 
 //«/ his reign) paffed the eleftion of KK.and 
 other magiftrats, judgements in capital mat- 
 ters,and laws. But in later times, they fervcd 
 
 only for two laws : i.de impiria, Ot^de re mi- 
 Utari'^m I in which the c6nful or others 
 ^chofen to thejr msgiftracy inCe.'itumtu- co- 
 Tuitiis') had authority of command in the ar- 
 my : the other, dc adoptions ; and thefe laws 
 were called CnriatA. 
 
 In the Cent>rif.tAcat»it':A from the timeof5ifr. 
 TulHtts^ puffed the elcdlions of confuls, De- 
 cemvirs, Tribuns conrular,Ccnfors,Prv;tor»> 
 and fuch greater magi.kats j and confirmed 
 they were by C-'r'aiA. Alfo, judgment of ca- 
 pital matters, &the laws named Centuriatd, 
 In this there was one centurie dnwn forth 
 by lot ont of all the reft to give their voices 
 firll and that was called Pra o^.niva. After 
 which werecallcd to thcitfuffr;iges,the Cen- 
 turies ofthe firrt and fecond Claffis.and they 
 were named Vrin,o-voc>itt,: the refl which 
 followed, were called Ifire-v»cat*. 
 
 Tributakrvtd for the creation of Tribuns, ^- 
 dijes of the Commftns and other interior 
 magiftrats. Alfo the laws ss toi.iching peace, 
 orenfranchiiiogsll'es. jud?;ments penal and 
 fines, arJ thof. ordinances conierning the 
 nnod o*rhe CoTircons. called VL'bifcit». 
 
 Some hi'vc 'bought amifs, and Cttri.ita avdTri- 
 btta c:>»^iti.i, were both one -• but Curiata 
 were more ancient., andofgreater ftateas 
 Eeece 1 being
 
 The fecond Index, 
 
 being An(picatat and ex authorttate P4trum, 
 Herein only they agreed together and diffe- 
 red trom the Centurtata, that in delivering 
 their v oices, the Tribes and Cutis were in- 
 termingled : wheras the Centuries were for- 
 ted and gave their voice according to their 
 degree, age, and ability in the t-enlorsbook. 
 Congius^Q}: Chui,fi meafurc among the Romans 
 containing 6 Sextarit, and e\aySextarttis 
 about 30 ounces : fo that Congtus receiveth 
 X.librales menfirof ; as appeareth by the old 
 pourtraift thereof in brafs, with thefe two 
 cf)ara£^ers, X.P,/'. ten pound. Whereby in 
 round reckoning it may go for our wine gal- 
 lon or fomewhat better. And tor that great 
 perfons were wont at firft to give dole unto 
 the common people, of wine or oil by the 
 Con^ii ; all other donatives and largefles of 
 that kind, were afterwards called Congiaria. 
 Confil^ont of the iG veraign yeerly magilirats in 
 komti fucceeding in the place ot KK. fo ta,- 
 tntA^aConftilendo either of asking counfel of 
 the people and Senate in State matters, and 
 withal giving his own advice and providing 
 for the good of the weal-pnblick : ore-lfe of 
 judging, for [oConfulere fignifieth ; as when 
 we fay, boni confuhre. Kt\d.Livy faith, that 
 Pretores, Qo»fttles^ and Judices^miy be taken 
 one for another. Two of them wereufually 
 chofen every year, as appeareth by the law of 
 then Tables : Regio tmper<o dm [unto • iique 
 preinndo, Jtidicafid* Coijt4endo^Pr*tores^JU' 
 dices, CoHJ^leS appeHat^tor, &C. 
 CercwiJ, hath divers lignifications 'va'Livy, Corona 
 Mrhem ctngerei. to invert a City round about 
 with armed meD-»nd to give the affault from 
 all parts at once. S--^ corona vender c fervos^i. 
 to fell flavesinopen market, either having 
 garlands on their heads as the manner was; 
 or environed abouc with a guard of foul- 
 diers, which alfo is called Corona milnnm. 
 Sundry garlands orchaplet"^ thtrc were more- 
 over ,called rorow<e,wherwith fouldiers were 
 rewarded by their captainsjor they honored 
 by their fouldiers ; f behdes thofe that were 
 prefented to Generals by their friends and 
 well- willers or offered to the honour of the 
 gods:) 3iS Oh I. d:oniilis otGritminea which 
 was a wreath of a cuich grafs called Cramen, 
 given to him that delivered an army from 
 ftreight ficges, and was by the whole army 
 bcftowed upon that favior. Civica^ made of 
 oke branchcs,for bim that in battel faved the 
 lifeof his fellow citizen. M«r^/« refembled 
 the battlements of walls; which he received 
 of his captain, that firft fiaiedthe walls and 
 mounted over in the affiult ofcitiej.C<!/?>-<r»- 
 y?/, in form of a pallaiiade or rampier made 
 with pales or firongftakesithe honor of him 
 whofird entred the enemies camp. Navalit 
 or RoflrAta pourtraied with the ftems or 
 beak heads of fhips, called ^'7y?>-(«;his reward 
 that firft boorded the enemies fhip,and gave 
 the firft means of a naval viftory:Thefc were 
 the principal. For, others there were not fo 
 ordinary, as namely, ExploratoriA garniflied 
 and fee out with the fuD; mooo; and other 
 
 flars; beflowed upon them that did fpecial 
 fervice in efpial and difcovery of the enemies 
 quartets. 
 
 C»r#<e, wereparifhesin Rome lo in number in- 
 ftituted by Romulus, Certain halls belides.ap- 
 pointed for affemblies and convocations a- 
 bout Church matters and Religion: whereof 
 fome were old, called fimply Feteres ; others 
 new, named Nova. As for C^/ria Hofiiha, ic 
 was the ordinary ancient place o[ pubiick 
 counfel within Rome. 
 
 Cwr'oithe Prieft belonging to each Curta otjpi- 
 rifh aforefaid : and Cuno Max. the chief fu- 
 perintendent over them all. 
 
 Tr\. Decius^i forename : for I>m«j,although ic 
 
 were the gentile nameof ahoule, grew: 
 
 afterwards to be a forename,as Paulus: and 
 
 like wile forenames at the firli, came to name 
 
 families, as foflhumius. 
 
 D.Dectmusyi forename likewife,as o* that Brw 
 tHS furnamed Alhms^viho killed C <e/iir. 
 
 Decemviri-, were magiRrats, officers, or fellow- 
 fbips, ten in number. 
 
 Deeemziirs legtbus fcrihendis yWtlt ten men cho- 
 fen to make laws is Rome : who afterwards 
 ufurped the foveraign authority, and tyran- 
 nized. 
 
 Decemvtrifacror»m-,v)ztt certain Priefts,who 
 had the keeping and perufing of Si by Is books 
 ofdettinies> and thereout gave order for fa- 
 crifices and expiation of prodigies. 
 
 Decemvirs; ten Judges or miniHers of Jufiice, 
 felcifted out of the great court or couniel of 
 the loo Centumvirs, and they were called) 
 Decemviri de titih:s judicindts : aflilf ant they 
 were to the Pretor or L.chief juHice. 
 
 DtBator.,z foveraign magiftrat above all others 
 in Romet from whom no appeal was granted, 
 mere abfolute and King- like: but that his 
 time of rule was limited within fix months 
 ordinarily : fo named, either becaufe be only 
 faid the word and ic was done, or becaufe he 
 was DiBhs. ». nominated only by one of the 
 Confuls- and not otherwife chofen, ufually 
 in fome time of great danger of the ftate. He 
 was called alfo ?retor Maximus : and namely, 
 when he was made for the ceremony of 
 flriking up or driving a nail : alfo Udgifter 
 Vopali, as Crcero 3 defin. Moreover, he was 
 fometimes appointed to ordain and hold 
 folemn feafts, in regard that it had rained 
 ftoncs. 
 
 Dftumvirty magiftrats two in number, of divers 
 forts. 
 
 Duumviri c4pitales, judges to fit upon life and 
 death : from whom it was lawfull to appeal 
 to the people- 
 
 Dh :mviri fwrerMm, out of the Patritians, or- 
 dained for dedication o^ temple, preparing 
 the facred beds for the gods, called LeS-i- 
 fiirni^; and for the books of 5/^///4: thefc 
 afterwards were increafcd to five^ and fo to 
 ten. $CC Decemviri.
 
 f\ 
 
 Theftmid Index, 
 
 Duumviri Navvies, two wardens of the navy, 
 ports, and fea-coafts. 
 
 "CPsilanes, were certain PrieRs whofe office 
 
 was to prepare and let out the folemnfeaft 
 
 iotjiipitercdiikd Epyt/um^ind tor other gods. 
 
 Ot them were three, called Tnufnvirt Epf*- 
 
 lones^iud after feven, Siptemviri Epulones, 
 
 pc^c/Vf/ were the Heralds : of whom there 
 was a colledge of 2o,the principal oUhem 
 I was/'^ffr^.?fr^;#«,asit wereiheirDcan.And 
 according to /'i.r<i)-c/;.heoughttobeaman 
 that had children of his own, and his father 
 living: tor having the charge of making peace 
 and alliances, it behoved that he flioiild be a 
 perlon accomplifhed,and as well to look be- 
 tore as behind rt^y.jt ^foora xj hiriasa, to regard 
 what is pall and what is to come : the one 
 was (igoified by his father, the other by his 
 children. 
 '■ ^''fii (ignifieth fometimes fefiosdiesJ. holidaies: 
 ', and in that fence OWentitiileth his books 
 Fa^'i wherein he fetteth down the ordinary 
 fealfs of every month. Otherwhiles they are 
 put for la w-daies,wherin the L. chief juftice 
 or Pretor might ufe thefe three words, Do, 
 Dtco,.Addico, which betoken to give leave to 
 the party for to plead, to minilter law and 
 juftice between piantif and defeadant,and to 
 pronounce the fentence and award. 
 flarmnes^ certain Prielts among the Romans : 
 they took that name of ¥iLtme>}, a filet of 
 wollen yarn, that they ufed to wear upon 
 their heads. Three of them there were PatrU 
 tii, and thofe were called /l/<«;«»rff^, namely, 
 B.ttlisi^otxhtkt^KC oi Jup'ter. 2 Martidu, 
 of A^ars. i QHirin.'.lii-^oX Romttlns deified. Of 
 Commoners were 12 morejCalled Minores-, 
 dcpiued to inferiorcharges,and the meanefl 
 of them all attended the fervice of /'owow.t 
 the goddefs of apples and fuch fruits. 
 ForiHne a great goddefs in /Jowf ,entituled with 
 
 many and fundry.l'umamcs. 
 forsFortttt^a^i goddefs oi Rome, whofe temple 
 was in Tr.iwj?/^^/-/;^.! region, where fhe was 
 honored 5i worfhipped ot idle perlon?, luch 
 as profefl'ed nothing, but lived of their rents 
 only and namelyjfor that (lie came unlooked 
 forandundeferved. 
 for/^ FonnnaM^^on^ fortune,lo called for her 
 power, efpecially Inbattaii. Pidl.chVihcn 
 fhe tavouied the common-wealth. yl'/rf/ir.'7<<, 
 good to the male kind, and Multtbris ^10 the 
 female. F'<>'//t^,kind to folk of ripe years. Pn- 
 mi^«nta2,uc\o\M to the firfl begotten or the 
 eldeG. £^"f/?>*f, either tor running to help 
 with great Ipeed or aiTiftaDt in horfe-fervice. 
 0/'/'c.7-'<rw,pliable and eafilv Intreated to ac- 
 complifh alUheir vows and defires. Parva, 
 for advancing mean and oblcute perfons to 
 wealth and worfliip. 5«<i, for the kind and 
 kafoaabie ripening of corn and fruit. Pr«- 
 
 ^era^whkb was alwaiesprefentand vouch- 
 fafedher helping hand. /i-V/^, when contra- 
 ry-wife flie was backward and evermore 
 crofled their deligns. r,/ra'a,(oi that many a 
 one hatn been by her enticements fnared & 
 entangled. Redf<x, WiKim, Bene Sfer,%}is.Re- 
 Jp'cte;is,PrcpriatVirgo^Cai"j.i,Co>iverteMs-,?ra- 
 cfi rv'^» 'ivti-T&^ijUiifi efiitaKS ^c£ca yitrea.iiZ 
 See Aiexatider ab Alexandr. M,:rl eit. 
 ForumRomanHm-tOi Lati::7n-^\M. great common 
 place at ^owf, wherein caufcs were pleaded, 
 and audience given to publick Orations. 
 Under the name of For«w were other places 
 alfo and courts,as alfo markets,diftingniflied 
 by their proper adjunds, as Forum Boarinmt 
 Obtorium-, &C. 
 Furca^ Whereof flaves were called f«!o/t>-», 
 was a kind of fork or gibbet which fUves 
 carried upon their flioulders whenthey were 
 Icourged by their mafters, either about the 
 Forum or Cirque: whereupon afterwards 
 they were crucified and executed : howbeir, 
 fome think they bsre it only for a publick . 
 fhame. 
 
 ^^Ab':rfisci>iU.tts was a kind of habit and wea- 
 ring of a gown after the Gabinesfafhion, 
 when it was ca(} over the fhoulderfo back- 
 ward, that it feemed to compafs and gird 
 round the whole body. In that manner the 
 Conful clad, ufed folemn'y to fet open the 
 dores of Imhs Temple, before he went to 
 the wars. 
 
 Genittif] Genii\vz:z fuppofed to bcf/tiaj/Toi and 
 p.ir.irit, brokers (as it were) between men & 
 the gods,or rather interpreters and SMutife- 
 r«// meffengers between, of a middle nattire 
 betwixt the one and the other, Ca/iw Rho- 
 di^i!7,Uli.T..ch^.p,l, But according to Empe- 
 t/ac/fi.each one was thought tohave his angel 
 from the very day of nativity, unto whom 
 they ufed tolacrificeupontheirbirthday,as 
 to their proteilor. Alfo every place had their 
 peculiar Cemi, and then were they called 
 Lares, as Rirr/es, and psrmirifiiln Livj, 
 
 Ga/li, Priefts oiCybele that guelded themfelves 
 in a frantike fnry,and ufed in their ferviceto 
 her, for toftrikeand beat upon tabers and 
 drums. 
 
 H 
 
 H 
 
 AJIa, Befides the ordinary fignification, 
 fignifieth the Centumviral or Decemvir- 
 ralljurifdi(5fion inlupply or affiftance of the 
 Praetorian, for that they fet upaipear to be 
 feen at the place of judgement. A'fo it be- 
 tokeneth port-lale, whenthey fold either 
 goods or fiaves to him that would bid moll 
 at fuch a fpear. Moreover, the putting forth 
 of the Cities works, called *U/trotril>»tJ, to 
 certain Publicans or undertakers by the 
 great, at a price, and it was called Stiblw 
 ftatio. 
 
 .Eeeee 3 ' 1 
 
 «fyeA<t;£/i»i,
 
 The fecond Index, 
 
 TAHUi is a God in Rometfometime reprefemed 
 
 ■■• Btfrous with two faces, figoifying the time 
 pafled, and that to come: otherwhiles QJ^t^- 
 <fr»/»'o«;,& betokeneih the four times of the 
 year;having in his right hand a charadler re- 
 fembling 300, in the left another, fliewing 
 threefcore and five, according to the daies 
 of the year. But in the plural number lani^ 
 betoken certain bals or great fourfquare buil- 
 dingSjwith four profpe6\s and crofs thorow- 
 fares; whereof were divers in Rome. 
 
 Ides,E\o\\\, daies in every month;of an old word 
 Idno^ to divide: for that they commonly fall 
 about the midR of the month, namely, upon 
 the thirteenth or fifteenth daies, according 
 to Horace-, Idm ttl>i frnt a^end*, qui diet 
 menfem Vemrisma,nn&-, ^ndit Afrtlem. 
 
 InierdiSied of water and fire, were they who for 
 ibme crime were banifhed. Which judge- 
 ment, although it was not by exprefs fen- 
 tence pronounced, yet by giving order, thac 
 no man fhould receive fuch an one into his 
 houie. but deny him fire and water f the two 
 neceffary elements of life) hewascondem- 
 nedCas it were)co a civil death: and this was 
 called Leiitirnfim exiliHm. But voluntary 
 exile wasjwhen a man to avoid the payment 
 of a grievous fine, or imprifonment, went 
 out of the way of his own accord^and left his 
 native countrey. 
 
 Jugerum-tViWxch commonly-Itranriate Acre,ree- 
 meth among theRomans.tobeinmeafuring 
 of land the Bafls, ground, and foundation of 
 all other meafures in that kind ; like as, the 
 Afs or Affis, of weights: of which itbor- 
 roweth the terms in fub-divifion and multi- 
 pliLOtion, whereof the \tzR.\5 SemiJcrnjH- 
 iHm. Now is the ^crttplum in land mealure 
 fifteen foot fquare, according to which, it 
 may foon be gathered, how much /»^fr«/» 
 containeth, confidering it hath that name, a, 
 d'lobm aUtLtupinBu • by which reckoning 
 it beareth 28800 foot of ground within the 
 fquare. But for that, others think that luge- 
 rum is afmuc h as unojugo houm uno die exa- 
 rari poiefl,i,oT\z daies work of a yoke or teem 
 ofoxen: for want of another fitter word (ex- 
 cept I would call it a journel) I have expref- 
 ied it by our familiar term of an acre, which 
 is not much under or over a daies work in 
 plowing ofoxen herein England. 
 
 Jntcrregy-iHm'j or liiterregcncy^ is properly the 
 time bet ween the former King deceafed, and 
 the creation of a new : and he that ruled in 
 the mean fpace, was called Interrex. Which 
 terms continued afterwards in the free ftate 
 when there were no Kings, in the cafe of va- 
 cancy of hcad-magiHrats. 
 
 H-S. This Charailer compounded of two capi- 
 tal II, and the letter S, thus coupled toge- 
 ther, is 5f/i'«rf/«^, thatistofay, afilvercoin 
 among the Romans, con.-.(iin'^of two Affes 
 and an half, and thereupon it bath the name 
 ^cjicrtita ,z% a man would fay,S(rw« tertitu,!. 
 
 two, and half the third: and therefore you 
 fee the numeral note of two^and ii.for/f wa^, 
 which is half. It i" the fourth part of the 
 Roman Denarius j and in value among us is 
 three halfpence farthingcue. 'BvtScfiertiHm 
 in the neuter gender, betokeneth aimuch as 
 mille Seficrtsi/s^ i. a thoufand Sefierceijfo thac 
 dectm ^eftertia fgnififth ten ihoufardSf- 
 ftertiif acd decern Sefrertn'm is as miub :for 
 you mnft in this mauer of fpcech underfiand 
 niillia for the ?-f^/we» ot the Genitive cafe. 
 But if you add unto Sefiertii n^ the numeral 
 adverb,it IKevveth the fame S.y?v> ti: m in the 
 neuter abovefaid,multJplied .1 hundred times 
 fo much as the ("aid numeral beareth. For 
 example, decies Sefierttum. is dicem iieFherti- 
 iim^ a hundred times toid and as much to fay 
 i% decies cey.tenamtlUd Se (rer I luni ^ which is Z. 
 million of SeHerces in the primitive iignifica- 
 tion: whereby a man may foon reckon how 
 mutb is milUes Seflettium and the reft,either 
 under or over decus. The fame is to be faid 
 of Numpu and Nnmum , for it is the fame 
 that Scjiertitit and Sejlertium. Moreover, 
 decies^ millies^atid fuch like adverbsjwhether 
 you put Numtttn or Sefiertium thereto, or 
 no, is all one: fo that by this form of fpea- 
 king, ejiu bonafi-irttnt vicies-> is meant thus, 
 his goodi amounted unto two millions of 
 SeRerce pceces. Thus much for Livy and o» 
 ther Hiftorians and writers in profe.* fori 
 am not ignorant that Poets for the vcrfefake 
 confound thefetwo words many times,and 
 put Seftertii for Sefiertia^ as Georgius Agri' 
 cola hath well obferved. 
 Jupiter IndigeSy Indigetes were thefe called,**** 
 ijuia ntillitis reiindigea»t, becaufeihey need 
 nothing, or ^n^ ft in deis agentes^i .con\Ct(\Dg 
 among the Gods, having been fometimes 
 men; or by reafon that they might not indigi- 
 tari^i. be named ; or rather for that they 
 were eafy to be entreated;and laft of all,^»<z- 
 Jt in loco degentes cr idea pypfitit\i. the tutelar 
 
 gods and proteiSfors of this or that place: 
 which I rather encHne unto. 
 luflitium-y was thertay of civil jurifdi(Sionand 
 pleas for the time, upon fome fuddain trou- 
 ble*, as T//w?.'/f»« GallicHiStc. Which vaca- 
 tion, ifwe will be fomewhat bold, maybe 
 called not unfitly a Lawfteed, as Seljiitiptm 
 the Sun-fteed. 
 
 K 
 
 KaiM. 
 
 K 
 
 The forename of many Rof, 
 mans. 
 
 L. LMcim. -y The forename of many Ro-] 
 S mans. 
 L.itin£,fc.fer:£, Certain ho\ydiiesCo»ceptiv£,f, 
 appointed by the Prieft or Migiftrate, as oc- 
 cafion required,and notfet feafts.Thefolem- 
 rity was publifhed and held by the Roman 
 Confuls newly created, upon the monnt ^l- 
 l>a»M to It^pfter Latialis : and a lacrifice was 
 
 there
 
 Tbeficond Index, 
 
 there offered which they all Latar, for the 
 healch of the Latine people: at which, the 
 manner was to give a dole of fleili called 
 Vifceratio to the Latine States. 
 
 Lecltjlcrn.h in fomc fort declared in the fife and 
 two and twenty books ot T. Livitv, and is 
 as much to fay, asthefolemnceremory of 
 trimming and letting out a bedj not lor re ' 
 pole but repart,according to the ancient ma- 
 ner : wherein they laid the images of their 
 gods, reared upon bolfters and pillows : the 
 principal whereof was that in the honour of 
 J'ipiter at the Epulum Jovis, whet\)pon 'Jupi- 
 ter was laid, ]u>io and Almerv.-t fitting of ei- 
 ther fide by him, 
 
 LeUus is ufually to be underftood in L/i^for 
 the bed whereupon they laid themlelves at 
 eafe when they took their refedion and Trt- 
 cliruum is taken for Cond.ive^ i. the parlor 
 where they were wont to iup, becaule the 
 ulnal manner was to fet three fuch beds or 
 pallets together: (whereof the room had 
 thename)2nd a tablcraifed fomwhat higher 
 from the floor, and placed I'o, as itferved all 
 three pallets, and was open at one iide for 
 the fervitors to come unto it. and either let 
 meat thereupon,or to miDiherwhat was cal- 
 led for. Upon each of theie beds there fate 
 or leaned ordinarily three perfons: fo as 
 nine ,was the full number of guells at the 
 boord, according totherule. No fewer than 
 the graces, nor more than the tnu\es, For Ho- 
 race in this verfe, S^pe tribtu leclis vid'os 
 
 canare qHc.ternor, feemeth to glance at the 
 oiggardife of that would rather want meat 
 than gueds, and fo fet twelve at the table 
 which was but for nine, whereby alfo they 
 were pent up together too ftrdght. 
 
 legati, are ufually taken for Embaffadors fenc 
 from one Pi ince or State to another. Alfo 
 for Lieutenants in an army, having the charg 
 of a legion under the General, and in bis 
 abfcnce, the charge and command of all. 
 Who like wife were fen: as Nuntioes or mef- 
 fengers ol credence from the Generals in the 
 field, to make true report unto the Scnat, of 
 the fuccefs of their affairs. Moreover, they 
 are oftentimes put for deputed-delegats, or 
 commiffioners alTiftant to the Cof. or L. Ge- 
 neral, in matters of Hate ; having their prin- 
 cipal directions from the Scnat butcommif- 
 fion to deal in the particulars after their own 
 difcretion : much like to thole that be called 
 Lf|T.;f» a latere. 
 
 Itibitht.ty the goddefs of funerals ; and after a 
 fort, the fopeiintendent over fepultures ; 
 fuppofed to be f^^yiw Epnyrnbia. Inwbofe 
 Temple were all things to be fold necefl'ary 
 for the interring and burial of the dead. 
 Whereupon they alfo who were employed 
 to carry forth and bury corpfes, were called 
 Libitinarii as well as Vefpillonst ; in Greek 
 yeAejTO£j/ and viy.t'iit'/\au. It is put for death 
 in Horace-, when he faith, A/(7>» omyiu mortar^ 
 m^i^'iAqHC p.trs met-, Vita'^it Ltbitinams and 
 in Livy. as well for the minilicrs as furniture 
 to fepuhuies belonging. The Chappel to this 
 
 goddefs flood without the City, andagate 
 there was ^«.?rw»/;/, at which they carried 
 forth their dead. For at Rome they might not 
 commonly bury or burn a dead corps'within 
 the City,UDlers it were upon a fpecial privi- 
 ledge .- and the hw of 12 tables provided 
 therfore in tncfe exprefs words, In >:rhe mn 
 Jepflito y.eve unto : but in fome barren part of 
 their land, each manbsho'.vcrd theafl\es or 
 bodies of theirdead. The praaife whereof 
 is evident by many examples inhirtories; 
 and at this day arc monun^ents Handing of 
 their tombs reared ncer the great caufey^p- 
 pia, and elfewhere aboMt £ome. Theconfide- 
 rationhereof,with fome other circumdances 
 of a place in the 3 bod. of I-;^7,/ave me o:- 
 cafion haply to tranflate amifs.There hapned 
 to be a great mortality in Ko^ie and the ter- 
 ritory about it not only ofmenbut ofcattel 
 alio ; at wh-r timeas the VolfaansandyE- 
 quians were encamped within three miles of 
 Rome, with a piirpofetogive theaflault to 
 the City J but they were' fuddainly Hriken 
 with a fear that they duilf not approach 
 tizeT.teEl.i^neproculvtfa>Jte]ptei/»minenteS tu- 
 muli avertere mentem eornm,^C. wh.rel 
 have tTi'■^\R^zd in:>ni»entcs tumuli, tombs&: 
 graves neer at h^nd,in oppofnion oUscla ur- 
 his [RrimaKa] proalvifa : and the rather, be- 
 came it prefently followeth, Indeferto a^roy 
 inter tabem perorum atqfie botKin-<m : where 
 
 ttmul, may wel be put for tombs and monu- 
 ments ; and [imrKiyi.'-ntfs'] neer at hand : an 
 Lfvy and others do takethofe word?. But if 
 any mail would have it meant rather of the 7 
 hills o^Rome commardin:^ and ovedooking 
 thofe hoiifes aforefaid, I Will not.be again!? 
 it, bnt rather my S'ivt^m (p^vtIa^ fluU go 
 vviihhim : and pardon me I hope he will, if 
 either there or elfewhere I havefe-msdto 
 nod and take a little nap, N.n.^ui ,,pere,» 
 loHgo j.ii cfi obreperefom>i::m : feeing that I 
 ha\e taken my lelf in the manner, rndnot 
 flept untill my neighbour awaked me. 
 
 LiLlors-iia Livy. arc minifters or fergeants atten- 
 ding upon the magiQratsof ^jwr; namely, 
 Didtators, Confuls, Pretors : tot thofe only 
 were called fomtime magiftrats y.-/]' i^e^Lj, 
 as fuperior to the reli : fo called (as Fefita 
 thmketh) <]:/oJ fafces vir/arum Itg.itosferant, 
 for that they carried rods tied up in bun- 
 dles ; which rods were ofbirch, willow, ha- 
 zell, or the Carpine-tree, [a kind of Plane or 
 Maple J and within them ftuck an axe, all to 
 fignify whipping and death. Thefeof?icers 
 made way before thofe magiflrats, and were 
 minirters alfo of the execution. 
 
 L;/««f was the Augurs flaff,much like a bifliops 
 croifier, crooked at the end. 
 
 M 
 
 M/l^{ifler E-7«/r«w,Maftcr or general of the 
 horfcmen. This was an olfice or dignicy 
 among the Romans, incorporate as it were 
 in the Dilator alone, who ever had the ab- 
 folute naming and chufing of him : and ordi- 
 
 ranly
 
 The fecond Index, 
 
 narily he was fubjcft to him , howfoever 
 Minfituu was by Itrong hand and a violenc 
 courfe of the people,made equal to Q^Fchm 
 his Diilator.Commander he was under him 
 of the Cavalry: alfohis Lieutenant-general 
 and coadjutor with him in all executions. 
 The fame that TrthnnHS celemm in the time 
 of the KK. 
 M.MarcHS. "Ot-i <- r 
 
 ^'.wicbthenoteofAH^^^^ forenames ot 
 
 poftrophus, McinimJ^ certain Romans. 
 Manipultts, in an army, wasatthefirfta petty 
 company of ten fonldiers following one 
 javelinhaving a wifp of herbs or hay faftned 
 to the upper end, asamanv;ould fay, an 
 handful ot men : ufed after, for a fmall band 
 or fquadron offouldiers.- and Manipulares 
 were they termed, who fervedinonefuch 
 
 Jl^atuta, otherwife called "Lencothea or /»o,ihe 
 daughter of Cadmm. Into her temple, at the 
 time of her folemn teaft, might no maid fer- 
 vant enter: and if any did,they werefure to 
 be beaten forth by the dames or wives there 
 aflembicd; in remembrance oioTiSJ^ntigera, 
 the chamber-maid of/no, with whom her 
 husband yithamM,3s flie thought,w3S more 
 familiar than fhe liked well of. 
 
 Jl^e^ale/tH, Were plaies or games at Rome, not 
 (as the letter feemeth to import) Ma£»i, 
 which were Roma^i, but in the honour of 
 Cyhle the goddel's, named alfo fdaa, Magna 
 w^f^r 7. the great mother of the gods. 
 
 JidulEia. decern mtll'mm aris gravity &c. was no 
 doubt, a fine of brafen mcny fet upon a mans 
 head,afterthe weight offomuch; every As 
 weighing a /«^.of 1 2 ounces. For before that 
 filver was cart and damped for co\t^;&s grave 
 jlatiflrii ad, Ararium co-^vehebayit (is Lii/y 
 faith) when they paid tribute or fubfidy to 
 the City chamber, as they wereaffeflcd. 
 
 Mit>^dus Muliebruy the tlegancy of women. 
 Nam quern Kofixor Gr&ci yiomine or»ame»ti 
 appe/lavcruKtj cum nonper^iEla alfolutaql eh- 
 ^antia 7ni:nd!.m.i. the world. Plin. firtt book 
 fourth chapter. 
 
 Murcca or Murtia^ont of the names attributed 
 to V^eiiHiyCjuia frater TKodum, no>t moveret fed 
 faceret honiinem nmrcidiiin ,i .niwii defidiefum 
 & inaEluoftim : contrary to that other god- 
 dels yige-/joria.iju£ ad agendum excitaret.hxid 
 hereupon it is that Mnnea is put for the 
 goddefs of floth and liLhernefs. 
 
 N 
 
 NOv<t tabula, was an eafment propofed in 
 favour of debtersat^owf, whereby the 
 
 old debt-books and obligations were can- 
 
 celledjor the A/',9;M?;7,jdafhed out. Among the 
 
 Athenians this prad^ife wascalledS'/.if«A/^.'. 
 
 an eafing of burden, or Chreocofia,z(.mi\oo 
 
 offor (hiking out of debts. 
 N, NumeritUy a forename to fome houfes of 
 
 Rome, 
 Nundiyia^viCTc the market dales appointed eve* 
 
 ry ninth day at Romsj for the pealants of the 
 
 country to repair unto the City, to fell com- 
 modities or to buy their neceffities. And 
 hereupon JrinundiKUm, is thefpace of 27. 
 daiesj comprehending three marketdaies. 
 Nof3es,vieie daies in the month lbcalled,becaufe 
 they began the gth day ever before the Ides : 
 honored by the Romans both for the birth- 
 day oiK.Srrvitu.arA alfo for the chafing out 
 ot the KK. for otherwife it was not fedival 
 (as Ovid.iikh) Nonarum tnttla De» caret. 
 
 O 
 
 OVaiesoi Ova^vitit eggs fet upon the goles 
 inthefolemnity of the horf-running,ac 
 the piaies Circe:-[eS;Zo reckon ot fcore np(as 
 it feemeth by Ltvy) the races, which were 
 performed with 24 courfes to reprefent four 
 and twenty hours of the day. Neither was it 
 for noughtjthat choife was made of egs, ra- 
 ther than other things: for as egs are laid by 
 birds (the fwifteft of all other living crea- 
 tures)fo they alfo were to contend and ftrive 
 to be moft afiive,&c. or elfe becaufe C^ftor & 
 Po/lux (thok renowned horfemen) came ot 
 . an egg, as Poets fable. 
 
 P. Puhlius, a forename to fome Roman fa- 
 milies. 
 
 Tan&toliPim or TanMoUik^ was a folemn diet or 
 counfel, wherein all the Rates oio^toUa af- 
 fembled to ccnfukofpublick affairs. 
 
 Patres-t were at Rome 100 Senators or Noble- 
 men,counfeil^rs offtate; chofen in this man- 
 ner : 3 out of every one ofihe 30 Curio, and 
 thofe make 90 j 3 more out of each tribe, 
 (which then were but three) and one by Ro. 
 malm himfelf : and as this number made the 
 body of the Nobility or Senat at the firfti fo, 
 out of every Curia, hechofetenofthemoft 
 perfonable and active yong men,to the num- 
 ber of 5oo5(wbich hecalled Ccleres)iooyiZid 
 his perfon. From whence came the order of 
 the knigh ts or gentlemen oiRjme;a. mean de- 
 gree between the two ellates of Nobles and 
 Commonsjas it were the feminary, to reple- 
 nifh the Senat, when the places were void, 
 and to augment the number of them. Thefe 
 were called Patret Confcripti, ^[cripti, & Se- 
 leEli. And like as the former were named Pa- 
 tres MajorHmgentium^io the latter fort, M«- 
 Morumge»tium',a\lading to the feveral ranges 
 of the gods, who were fome of them, Majo- 
 rum gentium, fuch as ever were counted in 
 heavenjtermedalfo SeleEir. othtrs,Mi>7oriim 
 gentium, who had been men, and were after 
 canonized gods. {The off fpring and progeny 
 of the Vatres^ were Patntii, in oppofition 
 evermore of P/f^«V. Commoners. 
 
 Porfjcw were either the porches &: orher late- 
 ly buildings before temples, as bc)ri;girg un- 
 to them: or elfe goodiygalleriesand walking 
 placesgpart by ihemieivesJUDder which men 
 retired in the rain, and where they ufcd to 
 walk to cool cbemfelves in fummer. 
 
 Vr*da,
 
 Theficond Index, 
 
 Fy'M-, booty, pillage, or faccage in the own 
 kiild, as it was gotten from the enemy, to 
 wic,flavcs,prirtoers,bea(ts goods,armor,&c. 
 lAanabiity the mony raifed of fuch pillage or 
 prey, fold, 
 
 frtto,-, one of thefuperior magiflrats oiRome. 
 JntheCicy he ruled asL.chiefjuiiice: in the 
 provin:e he commanded as L. governor and 
 deputyiand was General in the field as well 
 as the CoDiul. At firR, the name of Conful, 
 Pretor, and Judges, was all one. 
 
 Vrarogattvit ceyitunii, were thole centuries in 
 ComHiiiCeiiTftriatis ^sih\L\\ by lot had the firll 
 
 [)lace in giving their voices : the reft that fol- 
 owed, were ci\\t:d Pnmo-voc^t a indlure- 
 voc^tsjiod delivered their fuffragesin their 
 courfe, 
 
 PrtetextM tofa , a robe embrodcred of purple, 
 commorTto menand women- Inq^eitHttatis 
 infignc; C/~ ornamentum. . Cicero in Verrem.'i. 
 Whereby itappeareth, that it was allowed 
 but to certain perfons : and, as P. Manmtus 
 writeth,to 6 forts. 
 
 iThe children of the f«r/f//jUnul 17 year^agc. 
 2 All Senators upon feftival daies. 3 War- 
 dens <t the games or pliies i.i\zdC«mfitaliiii. 
 4 Allmagii.rits,as well intheCity,as in che 
 colonies or borrough Towns inco porate, 
 called Mnn4(ifia^i.xsd Mafters oiConfi-aerni- 
 ties, 5 Ail Priefts,and among them, the Au- 
 gurs. 6 They that triumph. And this differed 
 from the re(f, being wrought wich gold and 
 damask work. 
 
 It feemech that thefedifferedlikewife one from 
 the other,in the manner of the guardingilaid 
 broader or narrower: asalfoinjcherich or 
 deep colour- wherupon they were'called Di- 
 haptrn : orthatfome ofthefe robes were all 
 one purple,ocher but parcel. And wheras the 
 gentlemen oi Rome are mdPftrp-tr^im i>7d:<ere, 
 it is to be underwood either of 4»^.'-'y?'-c/4- 
 'z^«/,orelfe of ibme lighter colour, as the vio- 
 let, and not of chat rich red purple, which is 
 Icarlet. lor that robe which was done upon 
 our Saviour Chrift, * oneof theEvangelifts 
 called KdAfi/huu, and other two, Tof^u'^a*'. 
 
 T:!lLir,its, theChickmaflerorpullicier;one that 
 hid the charge aud overfceing of the facred 
 chickens, kept in a pen or coup for aufpicia: 
 who by obferving their gefture or feeding 
 betimes every morning, related what was 
 foretokened thereby good or bad. See more 
 in ^■':fpiciJ. 
 
 Vro-conful. >3Some have thought, Cp/o c(w/«/c. 
 
 Pro-pretor. ) that they fliould be ^Pyopume. 
 
 Vro-q cjlorSmmC othcrwifethus.j^^''"?"''''"''- 
 but they are in mme opinion out of the way: 
 for in deed Pro-conful is he,who having bin 
 Conful, went out of his magifiracy at the 
 years end, and neverthelefs was fent forth 
 into his Province again with full Confular 
 authority-whereas Pr»-fo»fMU([.o fpeak prc- 
 cifely) is the Viz-conful, namely, onethat ha- 
 ving never been Conful created, butfome 
 privat perfoD, yet upon ar. urgent occafion, 
 might tor the while mpply the plic« of the 
 Conful.The fame is to be laid of the reft.And 
 
 hereof you may read in the otaiioo oiCiceroy 
 fro Ufe ManiUa. Ho wbeit in my tranflation 
 of Uvy^l have fomtime ufed Viz- pretof and 
 Viz-conful, for Pro-pretor and Pro-conful : 
 becaufe that manner of compoiitionframeth 
 well with our terms inEnglifli.Moreover,we 
 read once in Livy cf a Pro-diaator, in the 
 proportionablelignification to the other. 
 
 QtUirigati.^ViZlty\ii DeKarii RomMih^xlng 
 the ftamp of a chariot drawn with fouc 
 horfes, called Q^uadrifa, 
 
 . Qjadrans^ a pcece of bale brafs coin or poife at 
 Rome., the fourth part of As, which is a cue 
 and a c, 
 
 Qjtitftors were inferior officers in Rome,is trea- 
 furers to receive and lay out the City- mony, 
 whereof there were Uriraai, ^rovinci^lss^ind 
 Caflrertjii. 
 
 QHAJiortHnt-, a plot or quarter in the Roman 
 camp, where the treafurer lodged and other 
 officers of the camp. 
 
 Q. QjintHS, the forename of fundry Romany. 
 
 Qjfindecemvirij the fame that D.= »wMr/ firf}, 
 and Decemviri fwris faciiifidis. Their num- 
 ber was 15, and albeit they were encreafed 
 by Sylla Di(5lator to 60^ yet they retained (iil 
 the nama oi.Q.ni?ideccmviri, 
 
 Qjii»tan,i was a gate in the Roman camp, ac 
 whichjprovifion was brought in to ferve the 
 marker. Read the annotation in the end of 
 Englifii Tacttus. 
 
 Qiifn^tteviri ^enfarii^wcie CQmla men,five in 
 number, appointed upon occahon to dif- 
 chajge the debts of the commons, fo called 
 of Me>:fi, a table fet out in publick place; 
 upon which they either counted or weighed 
 their mony. 
 
 Q^UKjtscviri ni irit rcfichndisyVittt five o fficers 
 at Rome chofen extraordinarily for repairing 
 of the walls and turrets of the City. 
 
 Quiftqiiat'Hs or 0^iKcjhatria,viztz certain feafis 
 
 and ^imesii KoBfclntlichonoi: of Minerva. * Mtih. 17, 
 They continued five daies,and began the fife * ^^'"^e.i j, 
 day after che Ides of Mire/.-./, the 20 of ^»''«i>' 
 March : and thefe were called QftiKCjuntrut 
 Viajorcs.^oi others named Mir:ores^ft\ about 
 the Ides of J:ine, and that was the minftrels 
 holiday, as appeareth in the ninth of Livy. 
 
 Qtfi^tiliiy the month of /«//, before Ii^liHt C<«- 
 y^r/ time. 
 
 Q.«/V/». lia, was afcflival day to Qjurimsy apr 
 pointed for them to facrifice-, who had neg- 
 ieiffed or miffed to do divine fervice in their 
 parifli at the feaft FomAcalia: and it was cal- 
 led the fools holiday ; forthat they were ig- 
 norant of the time of the former feaft, or 
 knew not their own Curia. 
 
 Qtiirites, the name appropriate to the citizens 
 oiRome: and fo they loved to be called with- 
 in the City: bnr in the camp, ifthe Gene- 
 ral gave them that term, it was taken tor 
 a greit difgrace unco fouldicrs and men of 
 arms.
 
 The fecond Index, 
 
 R 
 
 ROm?-«, were light armed footmen, rcfem- 
 bling our forlorn hope : fo called <i rore. t. 
 Dew. For like as there fallcih commonly a 
 drifling dew before a good fhour of rain : fo 
 thefe Rorarii skirmifhed loofly,before the le- 
 gionary fouldiers came to the battail. 
 
 jRefirayV/ere three-tined pikes of brafs,let in the 
 nofe or beak-head of war.fhips to offendjihe 
 enemy, as appeareth by Vir^H, Roflrifij) tri- 
 denttbm • and thereupon by Synecdoche^ the 
 flems of fhips were fo called. And for that 
 the pubiick pulpit for orations at Rame^vns 
 reared and adorned with fuch, italfowas 
 called Rofira. 
 
 JRudera, [Cum militeS religione taEli ruderajace- 
 rent.'] To mAt fenfe of this place, I have 
 tranflated Rudira^ peeces of brafs mony : for 
 that I cannot fee what ftiould be meant by 
 rubbifh ftone in that place, which was not 
 demolifhed by Annibals for any thing that I 
 can find;but only robbed of the filv er & gold 
 within the chappelofF^r(?««Vi:inftead wher- 
 of wet e found atu ccervi: by reafon that the 
 fonldiers, who had fome fence of religion Sc 
 touch of confrience (whereof their leader 
 
 • ^««/^4/had never any) caft from them [/?«- 
 </rfrrf.]Now,probableicis that Rudera^iscot- 
 ruptly put for <c?--t,the later end of the word: 
 or if we admit Rudera ■ it is well known that 
 Rttdm a"! well as <e/ fignifieth brafs and brafen 
 mony, as appeareth by ^i«^»/<r«/«»; the di- 
 minutive: for as of <£r came EfcHlum, foof 
 R'^du! (no doubt) Rfidufc'/»m:iDd like as of 
 ny£fc(tlum,JEfc-lMiis, a god of the Painims, 
 father of -^r^re ;-,}7/«^becaufe copper & brafs 
 mony was before fi^vev coiti:)(o , of Rud^fcf*- 
 /. »., the oate Ry>":^ct'Una in Rome^ fet OHC 
 with bnfs. Now that R-idc^culnm is put for 
 a Imall peece of brafs coin,it is proved by the 
 form of words in b'lying ar.d Cellipg, and in 
 tnanumiflion^^a^wycw/o Ithramfertto) which 
 isallonewith areV-bram pfrcuteoiferi. By 
 which I coWtdihii R-''d m in this place may 
 ftand for <cr4,<.peeces of coin. For there went 
 afore, (em^ic^rt/, which ffsr^Jc^ piuteih for 
 heaps of brafs mony,and not for brafen ima- 
 ges. And well it may be, that the fouldiers 
 opon fome devotion, threw into the Church 
 their ob'ations of fuch mony as they had in 
 their belts ot bandoliers. This conjedure & 
 confiruftion of mine mayferve, untillfi.me- 
 what here may be made of rubbifh flone, or 
 better cxpofiiion come in place. The word 
 (I am fure will bear it,'and the context in all 
 fence and congruity, doth require it. 
 
 'tAlntnre Deoi] after a devont and reverent 
 
 manner they bowed unto the Idols or gods 
 
 of the heathen as they paffed bjr,and withal, 
 
 touched their hands : which Lueretiu* 
 
 flieweth io thefe verfes, 
 
 Turn portal propter, aliena 
 
 StgnamartHS dextrat eftendant attenuari 
 Sdpe^uhtantunty taElti pr^tef^pte meantftm, 
 Sceieratus fici/s, a Hreet in Rome named before- 
 time Qpr/w^, which in the Sabine language 
 fignifieth [good:] but upon occafionofa 
 wicked aft committed thereinjit was by the 
 contrary, called SceUratus. 
 Secejfion, was a general infurreclion and revolt 
 ofthe commons in Rome, wherein they left 
 the City, until fuch time as they had the au- 
 thority of their Tribuns Hrengthned and con- 
 firmed : yea, and certain laws enacted and 
 eliabli(hedby afolemn oath, with a curfe 
 denounced to all them that went about to 
 abrogate or abolifh the fame.- which there- 
 upon vitxzciWtA S acr at d leges. 
 Sex. Sextus, -p 
 
 Serg. SergiHs. hAH, forenames to Ro- 
 Serv. Servius. •%) mans 
 Sextiluy the month of Augnfl^ fo called by the 
 Romans before A'^gu^-s C<^far his daies,for 
 that it was the fixt in number: as Quimilii 
 the fift, beginning at March. 
 SnbHrra.9f a. In luventHtem grajfantem in Stt- 
 b'-rra. It might well be that yonkers there 
 made a fray or committed fomeriot and felo- 
 ny : for it. was a (Ireet moft of all others (re- 
 qtientediand befide5,in it kept ftrumpets and 
 curtifans, like enough to give occafion of 
 much quarrel & mifru'e among youth, as ap- 
 peareth by Juvenal md Martial id this Di- 
 liichon. 
 
 Fanft noK n'tmiHm boiix^ pne'lay 
 Qj_aies in media [edent Subttrra, 
 Sujfrr.gfs yirtz the voices ofthe people given 
 by Certiiiies,'C'uriae.or tr:bes,which in Rome 
 went affirmatively under thi.-form, Utiro- 
 _f<M,/.be it according to your bill : and nega- 
 tively tbus,A»f/g';^0;/. I deny or re jecft it. 
 Sordidatiywere they that changed their weed in 
 reatu.i. (whiles either themfelves or their 
 friend<: were in trouble and dange" of judg- 
 ment)that istofay putotTwhite whiih was 
 the ordinary coloutjand did on biack : but if 
 they changed their app:rel upon forrow and 
 mourn'np for the lols of friends or any pu- 
 biick calamity, they were called rather Pul- 
 Uttind Atra'.i. 
 S^//^C«r///Af,a feat or chair ofeftate.One of the 
 regal ornaments at Rome^ belonging to the 
 Kings firft : afterwards-, during thefreeflate, 
 ufed by DidatorSiConfuls^Pro-confulsjPre- 
 tors,and Proprctors,Cenfors and ^dilesjua- 
 mely,thofe called curules,fordiftin6lion from 
 thpfe that were Plebeii: and laft of all,by the 
 emperors iq the time ofthe monarchy. This 
 chair was made of Ivory": on which the a- 
 bovefaid magiflrats ufually fat^'nctonly in the 
 Senat'honfe when they confulted orgave au- 
 dience ,or when theybeheld the publik games 
 & plaies, & rode either in triumph, or other- 
 wife in thefireets mounted upon their Cha- 
 riots ; but alfo at home within tbeirprivarc 
 houfes,& whcrfoever elfe it pleafed them .• & 
 this badge or enfign of honor they had both 
 in time of their magiftracy^Sc afterwards :& 
 
 as
 
 Theficond Index, 
 
 as fuch Senators were called Curules f for 
 the reft, who hadnoc attained tothofedig- 
 Dities.,they nacned PeiU>iet.tZ% fome think,for 
 that they went on foot to the Senat or places 
 before mentioned) lo thole magiltrats like- 
 wife abovelaid, wereentituledby thename 
 of Corule. And Cwrw/w was that chair called 
 eii hereof 0.'rr«i acharioc, for that they fate 
 thereupon within their chariots ; or, qtiafi 
 <J«r':/.<,bccau(eit was made crooked or curb- 
 wifejike unto our foldingchairs.* 
 
 Sen.itor,A Counfcllor ofliaie.A nameit was of 
 honor, and not of age^as the word impiieth : 
 for to that place men attained often times 
 very yong.Ssnit was the body oi'that degree 
 andcomaionCouncel, oppohteunto Ple/^s 
 
 • at Kime^ namely, when it was hcept and the 
 whole people comprehended under S€».t- 
 torius ordoiTid Vlebeitis, 
 
 Sextanff a fmallbrafen pecceof mony atRsw, 
 which bding the lixt part of A', cometh to a 
 cue orhalf a farthing. 
 
 Scxtariut was the Bafis ofmeafuresin Rome, as 
 As of wcights:andlook how As was divided 
 into twelve ouncesfo Sextarius into twelve 
 cyathi, «nd iu meafures Sextans was the futb 
 part of Scxt.iriiis, which weighed twenty 
 ounces,much about a winepint and a half a- 
 
 mong us. 
 
 Of Stbyis books fo often mentioned in Livjt 
 which being three in number, were bought 
 o( Sibylla by King Tar^uin the proud, at the 
 price of nineiaftcr fte had burned lix of them 
 
 ' before his face/ whichbooks were kept dili- 
 gently in the Capitol: and wherout the De- 
 cemvirs by their learniBg made report of the 
 will and plcaiure of the gods. See ^.Gellinsj 
 1 book 19 chapter. 
 
 $i^nstm, Wis the general name of all the enfigns 
 in the field. But yi^nila more particularly was 
 ihemainrtandardtoa whole legion: fo'cal- 
 Icd, forthat upon thetopofa fpeir was rea- 
 
 i red ind fa(^ned an Eagle in filver at full re- 
 licf,and the fame fometime was gilded Ban- 
 ding upon a bafe or footlkl of the fame met- 
 tal. The other enfigns, as well of cohorts, 
 which were bands of five hundred men ufii- 
 ally,as of centuries./.companies of hundred ", 
 named more efpecially F'exilla^iud were ge^ 
 rerally called Si£>:a, had theportaiture of 
 Minotaures, wolves, bores, horfes, dragons, 
 with fundry other devices according to the 
 fancy of the Colonels or captains, containing 
 alio the name of thecohort orCentury,and 
 
 , the legion to which they belonged. 
 
 TAlentum AtticMm^Ki wcl panderAle which 
 was weighed, as numeraU or nHmnmrium-y 
 which was counted in mony, was oftwo 
 forts: The lefs.offixty pound Attick.and eve- 
 ry one of them conhlkd of a hundred Drach- 
 »;<eor Denarii ^ow4;j/.IfM/«4then,be three 
 pound two fhillingshx pence, fterling, the 
 • lefs ialent Attick amoiinteth to 187 pound 
 ten fliillings of our Englifh mony. The grea- 
 
 ter, or fimply the great, talent, inL.-^^, is 
 fourfcofe »;;»7<c, and huh prpportioncm In- 
 Tftvoy or S(f(j:iitertt.ini^ ad minf-Sy which Co- 
 meth to two hundred and fifty pound ficr- 
 ling. Now was the Euboick talent (whereof 
 Livy aifo fpeaketh) hzM oi 1 alentHm majus 
 htticHm. 
 T.Titiis.?\ forename to many houfes ofthe 
 
 ^Romans. 
 Ttjludo^ A target- fence, which the 1 epionary 
 Romans fouldiers, made either in the open 
 field whenthcy wercoverchargcd with their 
 enemies, or in approaching the walls of 
 Towns to give affault. In the former, after 
 they had en.lofed wiihio them their bag- 
 gage and light armed ra^n, they reiledthem- 
 lelves upon their knees, with their targets 
 clofe couched together over their heads, to 
 avoid the enemies fliot: «nd after they had 
 well breathed they would rife up all at once 
 again, irelTi and lufty toanaw skirmifTi. In 
 the later, they had the like target'toof, but 
 pent-houfe wife, one overlapped the other 
 after the manner of tiles, and lo they fcalcd 
 walls without offence from above, 
 "TempUim hath in Livy three fignifications, i . a 
 facred houfe or chappel dedicated to fome 
 god crgoddefs for divine feivice^as the tem- 
 ple oij-'piter in the Capitol. ?cc. 3. An open 
 place,from whence a man might fee all about 
 him, as having nothing to hinder his pro- 
 fpev^.and which likewife might be feen from 
 all parts, whereof cometh the verb Co»tem- 
 plari-, i. to behold. And fuch did the Augurs 
 chufe for to take their figns ofbird-flighr. 
 5. Any place hallowed, although not for di- 
 vine fcrvire, yet for debating of fcrious hu- 
 man affairs, as their Curix and Counfel- 
 Cfiambers,yet, and the Roflra at 'Rame. 
 Th-fla/Jloy An Aufpicate or lucky word ufed at 
 Bridils or weddings in Romf, like to this 
 among the Greeks. uf/.(jM S vyhtuii d Cy.hjj 
 Hymen, O Hymenaif hymeKid^c.Catul. 
 Thenff \yhzvo{Ltvy writeth in the fifth & ninth 
 books, were certain petty chariots or drcyes 
 of hlver or ivory, carrying the images and 
 ornaments of their gods in great pomp upon 
 certain high daies : and they who led the 
 horfes drawing the fame, wore their richeft 
 apparel, holding in their hands and training 
 the falfc reins flretched out at length in fo- 
 lemn wife, whereupon F*jlns thinketh they 
 took the name Thenfe qmafi Toift. 
 Trabejt was a roial robe or mantle of eflate, all 
 of deep purple or fcarIetonIy,at thefitll: but 
 afterwards, embrodered richly with gold. 
 Livy feemeth to confound it with VeflU pur- 
 ■pmreM^PiclaiValniiita.inA Trinmphitlu. And 
 in truth, all one they were in the principal 
 I'ublfancc and matter thereof, namely purple 
 orfcarlet;but different in the fetting out, be- 
 ing embrodered with gold, more or 'cfs. di- 
 fiinguifhed alfo with white among (for that 
 wasaroialcolour)asmay appear by the dia- 
 dem, which was a white wreath, orband 
 done about the head of Kings, or in the man- 
 ner of the work: foreitherit ytisvahr.A .»,fo 
 
 called
 
 A fecond Index, 
 
 called «» latitucU»e cUvorum-, '*, of the broad 
 buttons of go!dj<i<iM»/?<»r)) ImarKntti.tO the 
 bfcdih of ones hand, as Fefttu ihinkcth : or 
 branched and damasked with flour-work, 
 like to r'.:e date-trte : or ^icfiEia^i. of tiffew 
 
 - or embrodery. 
 
 Triinns ot the Commons were certain Magi- 
 fir its,as ProvoHs or Proteftors of the Com- 
 mons, to reftrain and keep down the excef- 
 fivc power of the nobility ', chofen and con- 
 firmed by the general oath of the people, 
 whereby they were 5<jc:rtf/'^»ffr,». facred or 
 inviolable.andno violencemightbedoneto 
 their perlon. They had a negative voice and 
 power of inhibition, called /KterceJJio-,v/het- 
 by they might crofs and flop the proceedings 
 o' the Senat, or any magiftrat, fave only the 
 DidUtor : even the very Confuls, whom in 
 fome c«fe they might command. 
 
 7r«^*w military in Confuls authority, or Con- 
 /i»/<i»7jgoverned the flate oiRome many years 
 in ftead ot Confuls. 
 
 Triiuns military in the army, were Colonels 
 over a thoufard. 
 
 Trthnni erarii, were the keepers of the City 
 chamber or common Treafure.as it werejthe 
 mafters oftheexi^^hequer. 
 
 Trthes ID Romet firft three, containing each of 
 them ten Curi* : but afcerwards they were 
 five and thirty, containing ail thenatural ci- 
 tizens of Rome. 
 
 Trihtt movert, was a kind of ignominy and dif- 
 grace when a man was difpislted by thecen- 
 fors out of his own tribe into another more 
 bafe thanitjsnd namely e^tfltca innrhanAmi 
 of which url>a>!4iiheie were four; S: burr an a, 
 EfijHilina PaLni»A sodColli*!*'- into which 
 King Serviut diftributed thofe that were ma- 
 oumifed.and R llus afterwards forenfem tur- 
 bam. 
 
 Triumviri capita/es. Three Judges delicgat to fie 
 upon life and death , touching fellonious 
 crimes. They were called alio Qfja^ores fitr* 
 
 Triumviri Monet fllef-, Three officers for the 
 mintofmony, either brafs. filver or gold. 
 They'are reprefented in old coins byihefe 
 five letters ftamptd therenpon, yE.A.A.F F. 
 
 iov *re^<tt'.ro ATffento^jlandoiferiundo'. that IS 
 
 to fay, for the melting. coining.and damping 
 of brafs filver, .itid gold. They were after- 
 wards four in number, and named Q«<«ffc#r- 
 
 viri. 
 
 Triumviri or Trefviri noBurni^Thxec ovetfccrs 
 ofthe night- watch, for fire &c. 
 
 Triumviri -Menfarit, Three Commiffaries de- 
 puted for thetime, and as occafion required, 
 m ftead of bankers or trcafurers to receive a 
 ftock of monyi and to lay the fame out upon 
 extraordinary charges, as in the time ofthe 
 fecond Punick war,when the Ciry chamber 
 was without mony. Which Bock was put 
 into their hands out of private mens purfes, 
 by way of 1 voluntary benevolence and con- 
 tribution, as appearcth in the fix and twen- 
 tieth book of L»^. 
 
 Triumviri. [Extrserdinarii'] Three likcwifc to 
 
 levy fouldiers and able men for to bear arms 
 (without the ufual order of mulkrs) 
 throughout Italy, upon lomc fpecial occa- 
 fion. 
 
 Triumviri coloniis deduceudiijihTCC commilTiOw 
 ncrs who had authority to enrol new inha- 
 bitants into my colony: alfotofet out and 
 divide the City lands gotten by conqueft, at 
 
 r" their difcretion among them. 
 
 Triumvirs alfo there were three. Wardens to 
 overfee the facrificcs > the oblations and 
 offrings to the Gods, 
 
 Taurtlia., certain feaftival games inflituted (as 
 Ftfiud faith) by Kia^Targuin the proud, for 
 to pacify the infernal gods; upon occafion of 
 a contagious malady that hapned to women 
 great with child, endangering both them 
 and thofe they went with : whii.h arofe upon 
 the corrupt flefli fold abroad in the market of - 
 oxen and bulls, killed for lacrifices : where- 
 upon the mony emploied about thofe foletn- 
 nities, was called Tauricum *.s. 
 
 Solttaurilta or Suovaatirtltaytis a folemn facri- 
 ficeattheluftration, review, or purging of 
 the City every fifth year ; and this was t ailed 
 hufirmm eondnum. It was performed by kil- 
 ling a bull, a ram, and a bore. At which fo- 
 lemnity all that were able to bear arms, af- 
 fembled in order ot battail. 
 
 Triumph, a foiemnity in honor of them who 
 have vanquiflied their enemies : focalied« 
 for that their fouldiers refounded, Jo trium' 
 phei (as f^arro thinketh) or of &f aft/S©-for 
 «f/^i<'f*/xjS©- one of .Srfff/)^/ names, the firft 
 , inverter thereof: or of Tfs7f o^ipoi three voi- 
 ces : bccaufe it was granted by the foftrages 
 of fouldiers, Senators, and common people : 
 as it may appear in L«z;y, by the triumph of 
 L. P/i«/«j t^mytins. who had like to have 
 been difappointed thereof, by his own foul(< 
 diers. 
 
 VEnusErycinA. Ovii.^F Afi,af,culo ntmina 
 colle tenet', flie was fo called of a pro- 
 montory in S/c//y, ca!led-£ry;f , where there 
 was a goodly temple built in the honour of 
 Venus'-, and afterwards at ^owr alfo in me- 
 morial thereof. 
 
 Versus ff/>*«w»/,certain licentious and uncbafl 
 fongs ufed among the Painims at weddings; 
 the manner whcreof,came firft from the citjr 
 Fefcenninum (is lome think : ) or as others. 
 Quia frifcinum p>:tabantur arcere , becaufc 
 they were thought to have vertue to with- 
 ftand witchcraft and Ibrcery. 
 
 yeftales virj^ines^ were Certain profefled Nuns 
 vowing virginity, who had the keeping of 
 the facred fire o^Vefta. Nee tu fiUud ve/famt 
 e/uam pur am intei/i/e fiammam. Ovid. This 
 Vtfia was brought from Troy with the 
 image of Mmerva, called P.iil.idtnm, and 
 other holy reiqnes. 
 
 Vitro trthuta , i^ytKit^ieu-^ were Certain City 
 works, forwhi.h the cenfors did bargain 
 withthcPublicaos orundertakerSjat a price. 
 
 FtrbenAt
 
 p^erl'ixa, ikhovf^h it fignlfieth a fpeciall herb, 
 called rerl/e»iica^i.e,\ct\tn in EDglini,and 
 
 - in Greek -3v»/ref<uV, becaufe doves delight 
 much to be above it : yet the word is at- 
 tributed to divers other herbs put to ho- 
 ly ufe amongihe Painims,which are called 
 SAgmina in Latine, and in Greek U^a^'oTa- 
 tit. But Diofcortdes defcribeth one fort 
 thereof which runneth by the ground, 
 and groweth not I'o hii;h as our vervin 
 doth, and it feemeth to be that which the 
 Phy(icians,Herbarifts, and Apothecaries 
 call Gramen.eiy^ii^l'; in dttV.^dent de chi- 
 en in French : and the coich grals in Eng- 
 glifh : according to which laith Livy.^ Fa- 
 
 cialis ex arce pura^ p-aminis kerla attulh, 
 yi[loriir~tftS)i.e,ej.'iif)ariw numnittt^ A piece ot 
 Roman liiver coin, hi\i De».iriM, andi 
 double Sefierttici,hi\\t)g the image of n- 
 fforv (lamped upon it, either Handing on 
 foot crowned with a chapietof bay, or 
 elfecarriedina triumphall chariot drawn 
 with four fteeds, holding forth in her 
 right hand theforefaidgarland.asistobe 
 fecn in divers antiquities of coin, 
 ^^ifrir/fignifieth a place in ^owf called rf/<r- 
 res:Cttri£ in refpeft of jVat'<e, or certain 
 (hops called Argemar^oi bankers, in re- 
 gard of others alio, named Noz<c. 
 
 A Table of all the Orations in Tim Livitts^ by way of 
 
 divifion of the genei al into particular members^ fitted for all forts 
 
 of fpeaking or wnnrig, and digcftedaaorJingrotl;Q;feverall places 
 of the three principall heads of all Caufes in Oratory, to wit, 
 
 the DeUbtrniivt, ihc Dtnionftranve,inti the jfudiciali, 
 
 fTo reconciliation and peace-making, between Romans and Albans, by Metius Sr-tfetius 
 Prince of the Albans. to Tuthts Hoft-.lius King of the Roman«. " j^ ^ 
 
 Of yJppiw CUudius a Tribune military to the people of Rome-, for the continuance of war 
 and keeping fouldiers in wintering camp at the fiege of r«/,againft the Tribunes of the 
 Commons. ' 105. A 
 
 OiL.Lerttul ;s the chief of the Roman Embafladors to the army and the Confuls. that they 
 would of their own accord yield themfeKesumo the Samnitsat the place called Candin£ 
 ffirc<t,whtTe there was no hope of efcaping. 257.0 
 
 Of Decius Mtis the Conful to the people,that there might be Augurs and Pontlfies chofen 
 out of the Commons. . - ' 29o.t-f 
 
 ©f jlcedux the Spaniard to the captain of the Saguntinsjor the fending back of the hoHa- 
 ges into their own Cities, whom Anmbal had demanded of all the States, and bettowed 
 in fafe cultody at s^gu«tum, -^ ^ 9 F 
 
 QiMmuum the Maimer ofihehorfc unto hU foiildiers for joynlng camp with F^fe//,when 
 lie perceived that both he and his were laved byihcprowefs of the iziAFabius, after 
 himlelfhad unluckily fought againft AnHtbal. ^^ q 
 
 Of the Roman captives in theoverchrow at Cann^to the Nobles of j?mf, that they mia'ht 
 
 iberanfomed. ' "vs'h 
 
 Of Varro the Conful.to the Campan Embaflidors.that after fo great lofs and foil of the R*o- 
 .„ mans they would fo undertake war with the Carthaginiansjthac neither ^««,^^/mioht 
 
 inepcr-^ think himfelfconqueror,nor the Romans conquered. ^Sj'g 
 
 Iwahon. q^ fahim Afaximuao the people,Th3t the command in war being taken from OUaJuus 
 they fhould confider what Generall fliould make head againft Anmb.il. 414 G 
 
 Of P. 5«/p«f/«; the Conful to the people about removing the war into Macedony, and to 
 aid the Athenians againft Philip. 616 I 
 
 Of Arifthenus,i Prince of Jch^n to the Achxans, for the demands of the Roman EmbafTa- 
 dors,that they would ftand for them againft Philip, 65 8 H 
 
 OiM.TorciKs CMo^Wi maintenance of the law Oppia., which C.Oppius a Trib. of the Com- 
 mons inthePunickwarhadmadeforreftraint ofwomens apparel! againft ihe Nobles 
 and Tribunes ofiheCommons,who went about to abrogate the lame. 684 H 
 
 Of Annibd in the councill of King y^>.r;ocA«/ concerning the contraftin? of peace with 
 KingPA/7/p, and the whole courfe of war, which ^;?f/W;«/ prepared a-^ainft the Ro- 
 mans. _ ° 739.C 
 Of reconciliation by Qj^^dlius MeteUtis to M. Lepidus and M. Vulviui Confors who for 
 many years together had born a deadly malice and enmity one againft another.' 1 088.K 
 Oi M.ServiliMs for L.t/£mylins Ptiulttf^ that he might have triumph c-ranted over the Ma- 
 cedonians by him conquered,whcn his own fouldiers withftood the fimc, for that they 
 were fcantcd in the pillage: and S ervim SulpitimGiilba o^^okd himfelf againft ir. 
 
 A'- 
 
 Fffff 
 
 01
 
 Exhorta- 
 tion 
 
 Dlffwa- 
 fioQ 
 
 ° inStaSr.£td7oS?nTS' '^"" *=°"'™-'" "■< "- Tribune 
 The fr.ndiilent diflWafion of ^„„. T, &, King of ihe Volfciaos.io the ecd [ba the Vn? 
 asSuhfl5„°„°;^ ^"'"" " '^- ^°'»° "-«. '«"° "= ^hutSelu'; 
 
 Of Ms C/audms againtt the Tribanes of the commons, that'ihe laws cotacernini dlbt 
 < rnnSr^ii"'?? S' ftmt of lands, cheeleaions of Tributes mi itar7and?hat'on^^^^^^^^^^ 
 ^ Confuls Ihould beofthecommons.mightnocpafs 4iy, auuinat oneotttie 
 
 ''n^ibeSm'ed'""'''""' '^^'^e Roman' captiv'es attheCannian overthrow mlghc 
 ^^cSc^toX'^r'"'''^"'"'"''^ C««^?.r..,that th^ Province of ^/rHmight not bedf- 
 Oiirfrius a tribune of the commons, in the behalf ofwomen ( againftihefentenct^ 
 
 o;;;t;t\t:'rom^^^ 
 
 686.L 
 
 A 
 
 'I 
 
 rofp^^^«/7 the wife of Tar^m.J'r.fcHs.to Servins her fon in law, that be mi^ht fucceed in 
 I the place of his father m law deceared,who was murdered by two ftiepheS ax M 
 Of Tullia the daughter of Tarcmnius Prifcui ro L T^^.u " Y ' ^ incpneras. 24.M 
 thekinodom,a|ainftherfatrer ^ • ''^'''"'*'^''^"'''''"'^>'°''^^^^^ 
 
 "^^oa^Sl'th^'p'om.^nf? °^ i^' y°'^""°' '° ^'^ countrimen, wherein he ftirred ihem up 
 
 r?h'/Su"^Q^;°:rc;^^^^^^^^ 
 
 ^'^o^tlTl^^ffr- ""' ^"'^'■^"f ^^i^'^ 'h«y would valiantly figbc agdnfl the a'ScI 
 ot the iE^«, and r<«joyned together in AW«w. ,o8H 
 
 ^KV^ would let up fuch a fliouc,asatthe charge of a battell. 107 G 
 
 .1 J„ff'^^°"' complaint, Of C^^.C^WW^.a Trib. of theCom. unto the commonalty, 
 
 rf mmnn "^ h"^'u ^°' ^^^ P"biirhipg of kws Concerning marriage of nobles with 
 
 commons,and that there m>ght be one Conful a commoner. ^ 1 1 y D 
 
 Ot r.ff,«/ ^.^.«^ King of the Volicians to his people againfl the Romans,that they would 
 
 with Iword make way, where they law him go before. 1 ?o L 
 
 Of M^;«.r.«.^^;//«.thepiaator to his fouldiers. being frighted, with the ftrangefiahc 
 
 of the burning fire-brands which the Fidenats and Veientiansdid carry 1 ,2 M 
 
 Of 5m«. T^l^^y,ius a Decurion of horfemen to his fouldiers, in a defperat battell, by oc- 
 
 cafion of the raOincfs of Caius Semprotiius the Confol 1 3 c E 
 
 Of CamHus beino baniflied^to the Ardeats, That they would take arms for the Romans a- 
 
 ^gainft the Gauis.who had won the City of ^.;«.,all but the Capitol) 171 G 
 
 Omar.FHrmsCamillHsiht Diaator to his fouldiers,terrified at the great number of th^S 
 
 enemies.to wit,the Antemnats,Vaircians,Latines,and Hernicks. ^ ° g, S 
 
 Of A«/«/ Cor^d.Hs Ccffus the Diaator to his fouldiers,and to QHi>,tm CapitoUnus the Ma- 
 
 r.t^t "^f ^°"^''"'" '"8^'"^ '^^ ^^"g^ multitude of the VolfciTns. ' ,84 N 
 
 Of M.M^«/,«,C4?/W/««i (after his imprifonment) to the Commons, whombyoiftslnd 
 
 largefs he had allured againft the Nobility for fuppreffing and depolg S W^^^^^^^ 
 
 Of M. P.p//^^. a commoner confuland collegueof Sdpio, to hisfouldicrs ; againB th^ 
 Qauls who had encamped in the Latine territory »"u'uicrs, againtttne 
 
 O M r^r.;«/ Corvinus theConlul to his men againft the Samnits. 222 L 
 
 ^^o^h;ror;'/;s^^hTS^^^ 
 
 Of T. 2.««. a military Tribune,.to break in upon the enemy from the hill which he had 
 0\Uar,V-derm Corvinustht Diftator to the mutinous and wicked Jouldiers ( wholanE 
 
 &itv tttt'r/iffc'fr^^^^^^^^ 
 
 their Oty^that they would not fight againft their own country 
 •mr «. ^Mfs the Roman,chofcn captain againft his will by th( 
 
 dSr tZTL ^^"'^"•^hofen captain againft his will by the mutinous Roman foul- 
 
 Qi L.knn<us Sctims a Pra:tor of the Laiincs unto his fouldiers, to demand of the Romfnt 
 
 that
 
 Exhorta- 
 tion 
 
 I that it'chey would have them to be in league and fociety.they flion'd cle<ft from amon'^ 
 I them one ot their Coniul? .nd part otthe Sen:t. 231.D 
 
 of QuiKtttsFa itti iheDiftaror.tobrcjk upon the enemy, to revenge the death of the Ro- 
 man Citizen-;, and to recover the Colony from the Sr'.mnics. -<5p,F 
 Of ^^/rf/;».iahedaui^hterof ^«/«a.a Picritian, and wife of a Commoner Conful,toa lau- 
 dable contention m vertue, ac the deditacion of the altar called Ay a PndicnU pUbei*, 
 
 -79.^ 
 Of AlorcM the Spaniard to theSaguntins in exceeding oreatdefpair of their ftate abouc 
 the articles of peace which .>/««/ ^<i/ ac the point ot viftory did impol'e upon them as 
 conquered pcrfon?. 327 G 
 
 Ofi'.^a/j.'otheConfjitohismenagainft yi«;j;^.:/and theCarthaginianj. 3^5.D 
 
 Of y^f ««//>. /to his louldiers againlt P.^c.p.o. 6\6\i 
 
 Of Cnem LsKtHLuiZ military Tribune to Lucim t/£/»)i:Hs Pi<;:Ut. Conful.to fave himfclf oy 
 flight at the overthrow of C.j;.«^. 375. C 
 
 Of Lit.&mylnu the Contulunto Cn.L.fitiJfn, for fortifying of the City of Ro^ie. ib.D 
 Oif.Sernpro-4li{s ItiditMns a military Tribune to his fouldierSj who had ef. sped out of the 
 Cannian overthrow, That they would make way by I'word and valour through the 
 thickeH troops of the enemies. 574.1 
 
 Of L. Pmariiu captain of the Roman garrifon at S^nna 16 his fouldiers : for to prevent 
 treafon and treachery intended. 45 2. 1 
 
 of L.MartiMs SeptimiHs the General to his fouldiers, That they would charge upon the ar- 
 my oi Afdrub ./to revenue the death of the Sapio's 466. L 
 of P.Sapio to the old fouldiers, to make war beyond Ibertis. 5 1 g.L 
 of Scipio to his t'ouldicr» at the fiege of new Carth.jfe. 497. F 
 of Porciits C.tto to his fouldiers That they would recover by arms and prow efs the rule and 
 government which the Romans had lolt beyond lb(.rus. (Jpi.A 
 (Acoldexhortation)Ot 7.^«/>//«jto his fouldiers at thehegeof L.:«6/a;wa-;. 699.Q. 
 of hcilim the Conful to his fouldiers againU hntiochus. 744. 
 Of the Rhodians in the Senat,wich a petition for reward,after hntiochns was Overcome by 
 /..5r/p;o with the help of the Rhodians. 977.C 
 OiCn.ManliHs the Coolul to his fouldiers againft the gallogreeks, for that they had aideci 
 hntiochus againlt the Romans. 996. H 
 Of Perfeus the Macedonian King) in regard of the hope of viilory againft the Roman?. 
 
 997.E 
 
 Ofyl/.F«r/«;C/<»«<//'/« to the people o^ Rome againf! the Tribunes of the Commons, that 
 ( leavini^ the ruins of Romex\M^ would not go to rm another City. 1 74.N 
 
 oof M .VahriitsCorvinnsX>\Sk^\.oT, to the mutinous ard rebellious fouldiers from fighting 
 C'l againft their native country. . 227. F 
 
 clof PacuviusCaLivius the Campan to his fon,' not to kill hnr.ihi!. 5S6.K 
 
 ^ Oil'ibiHs Vtrtm to the Campans, Ti.at they flaould not yield thcmfelvesto the Romans. 
 
 473.N 
 
 f Ot Melius Sujfetiui caplain of the Albans, to Tullus Hoftdius King of the Romans, abouc 
 peace making between Romans and Albans. i j,k 
 
 Of ThHhs Hoflilius King of the Romans to his ownfouldierSjConcerning the treachery of 
 Mcttus Suffetitn. 1 7.D 
 
 Ofthe two Oele^ats, r.f/fr/wand Horattus^ about the demands of the Commons, who 
 through the Decemvirs fault were departed into mount S.-.cer^ for that they having fini- 
 flicdtlietime of their governmenc refufed nocwithQanding to leave their Magiihacy. 
 
 IC2.M 
 
 Of Afp/«/ the Decemvir at the refigning of the Dccemvirfiiip. 105. A 
 
 Of Af.Diiilliffs a Commoner jor hope of liberty after punilliment taken of the Decemvirs. 
 
 106.L 
 
 OiCamiUus to iheTullulan Senators, about fending Embafladors to Rome for treaty of 
 
 •^ peace. i9?.D 
 
 Of Ottintfis Cincinr.a-us theDi5:ator to hiilns Sc»!pra,:iui the Generallof the horfemen, 
 
 concerningthc mannerof waragainlHhcPicnefHns-. i9).B 
 
 Camillus theDiftator to the Qnirites ^concerning the oppofition of theTribunes of the 
 
 Commons. 200.I. 
 
 I Of the Roman Conful to the Campans th,-t they fliould not take arms agairll the Samnits, 
 with the anfwcr of the Campan Embafladors. 22 1. 1- 
 
 O^ Fur!KsCamil/::s to theLL.oftheScnat, as taniching theLatines fubducd, .^.nd by what 
 •J means thcv might keep them quiet in continoall peace. 258. K 
 
 I Of 5p«r/«f Voflhuniitis the Conful ( who was put under the yoke ai C-indinaFnrc* ) in the 
 ( Senat,ofthe peace made at CWo,-;?/. ^jp.E 
 
 ilOf AulusCorn.'lius h.^vi>:a the Fsciafi herald to the Samnits at the delivery of the furetici? 
 I that undertook the peace. 261.D 
 
 Fffffi Of 

 
 I of ^"'^'^'^/co the Spaniflifouldiers, about removing the war. ../.•...).. J27.B 
 
 I o\Fal>tns MaxbMKs the Cundacor to ty£mylius the Coniul, concerning Varro-> and the or- 
 der of vv.ir-lervice with the enemy. D<53.F 
 I of /1/..i.:i/!'^'the captain of the fouldiers to ^«»/^^/the FiElor^ that he would make ufe of 
 his wClory : with the anfwer of Annibal. 374.L 
 |Of /'':?'o/.'.itheCampaneto /'<?c«w«iC<j/<«f'«^ his father about the killing of Anmhal, with 
 the anfwer and dchortation of the father from that wicked deed. 386X 
 'of yl ft>i!l>a! iohis(oM\d\tts 3§!i\a[\C/'J!idiusMarcellns. 51 4.1 
 Of P. Scipiow Af.;fz-r:ilfal<i'ni2,ohhc'Mafef)ii, who fell in love mt\i Sofhonisba wife of 
 5')p/^i,;zv,King of the Numidians and daughters of Jfdrubiil. ^pj\^ 
 O^T.Oai/itittiFlaniinms in the generall councill of Greece Joi making war upon the tyranc 
 Na'j'ii ^hy reafon of ^rjros the noble City of Creece,vihi(.h hy him was held. iJp4.M 
 Of P.Sti!fttiHn\\z Roman Embaflador to yl/wo the chief of the friends of Antioclms who 
 wasfledior thatherefufed conference with thedelegates. 719.F 
 Admoni.4 of 7'.Q»if:tifis to the Achceans concerning the Illand ZAcjnthust which they pleaded to be 
 tion under their fubjeftion. 749 .B 
 Of T,Q'''-!:nius 10 M.^tiliusthc Conful in defence of the ^tolians. 7?^-^ 
 of T. QnintiHsto the Rates of the ;£tolians about reconciliation with the Romans. lh.L 
 Of King Etimeyiesto L, /Ens jlias the Pr£tor,that he would not conclude peace with A>}t:o- 
 r/j/ij bucbyihe authority of the Senatand grant of the people of i?<;w?f. 7^5. C 
 Of Scipio to thepetition of Heraclides the Embaffador of Astiochas forpeace. 774.1^ 
 Of Scipio to the petition ofZf«7?j the Embaflador of King y^«?;'ocA«^ about conditions of 
 peace. 778.M 
 Ot P.Sciplo Afric.intts accufed for robbing the common treafure to the commons J as tou- 
 ching his exploits. 98(5.L 
 OfKingE'.'wi'wnnthe Senat,concerningTfr/«/;Kingof the Macedonians. 1187.B 
 OiP.Lchnrjs Calvvs tothe people, thatthey would befiowthe honor oftheTribunefliip 
 X freely offered unto him, upon his fon that fued for it. 999^ 
 
 TOfEmbaffadors yielding F.i/fr;7 to the Senar. ^ 163.E 
 
 Of peace by the Tufculan legats in the Senat. 203.C 
 
 Of Sextus Tftllifis to the Didlator, that he would give the fouldiers leave to fight. 2 1 1 .D 
 
 O f the Campan legats in the Senat for aid againif the Samnits. 22o,M 
 
 Of Annius SetinHs the Pra'tor of theLatincs to the LL.of the Senat, thlt oneof the Con- 
 
 fulsmightbechofenout oftheLatines. . 253.I 
 
 Of Oftimiis f<?^/«^-<?/<?.v/>w«/ the Confulelefl to the people, that he might appoint P^^-^ 
 
 //«< DfoV^artaid and difcreet man tobe his collegue, 297.C 
 
 Petition «^'of /5^/w/rw theMafler of the horfemen, 10 Fahim the Dilator, when hejoyned camp 
 
 with him. * 5'54.I 
 
 of Soforonisbit the wife of Syph^x, to Mafamjfa^ that he Would not fufFer her to come in 
 
 the proud and cruell hands of any Roman. _ 603.A 
 
 OiAnnibiilw ,-iy!t'.ochns,t\\2.i he would account him amongft his chiefeft friendsjinoppo- 
 
 fitionto the Romans, againft whom he had fought fix and thirty year?. 721. A 
 
 Of peace by ZeafisthQ legac of King AyitiocbHs to the Romans. 778.L 
 
 of King £«w;fWjinthe"Senat, for reward and recompence of labour emploied, andchar- 
 
 gesfpentin the Roman wars againft Antiochtis, 781.E 
 
 8.N 
 
 'Of Romuliis\ojiip!ter Stator that he would alTift the Romans againft the Sabins, 
 
 ■ ofQ^.hitins Fabiiis the chief of the City , to the Tribunes of the Commons, that Quinque- 
 
 virs might not be created, forletting down laws and conditions concerning the Con- 
 
 fols power, _ . _ 8§,H 
 
 OiT'^irrniinsto the foulJiers,whofe offer of honourable dignity herefufed. 100 .L 
 
 Praver *=!ofC^w////^i theDii^atorto^p(?//aand J/<»oat the fiege andaffault ofFeii. IJP-G 
 
 IOiP.DeclusihsConM^ when hedevowed himfelfforthe Roman legions in the Laiine 
 war, who afterward by hi^ death recovered viftory to the Romans. 2 3 5.D 
 
 of Ar:flhenm the Pr.rtorofthe Achxans,to T,^/»r;«.f,sbat he would deliver and fet free 
 I. from the tyrant Nabis^xhe moft ancient City of the Greeks^^n^w. ^PJ.C 
 
 , ,r ^O^Eomuiis to Jiip.Feretrim.ix. the offering up of fpoils.and dedication of the Templc.8,H 
 Than - SQf the Saguntins to the LL.of the Senat, withagraculation for their vi(ftory. 's6^X> 
 
 oivirrg 
 
 Reconci- ggtyyeen Romans and Albans by Meti'^s SHffetitts. 
 liation 
 
 An Tnti- Of C.Mutins Scavola^ to Porfcna King of the Cluhnes. 
 
 mation 
 
 14.H 
 43.B 
 
 Of
 
 Congra- 
 tulation 
 
 Commc- 
 da'tion 
 
 ■Qi'P^ipyrius the Dictator to the people.abouc the abrolntion and pardon of iQ^FatiJ^iMi- 
 > fterofthe horfemeDjVvho againlt hi: Edidhad toD'^ht. 251.B 
 
 , Otthe Syraruhans to i1'//jrfi?//«j,for killing of yff>.';ij(4/jfavour;ts, who held andopprefl'ed 
 S)raci'ja,ztid for reconciliation with the Romans. 460.M 
 
 .Of King Eumcnes fon of K. Attitlus^oi the Romans victory againft AntwchsiSyVi\th 1 peti- 
 tion of rewards for coft and labour empioied In th,.t war, 78\I 
 'O: P.Scipiozo L«r«.'.'^ Prince oftheCeltiberians.^orrendrirgto him his fponfe. «o\F 
 'Oi SpKrius Liguflinitsthz Ccnturion to the Commons, vviih a requjp. that they w vj!d af- 
 fign him a place of I'ervice worthy his deferts in the Macedonian war. 1057.F 
 
 Praife 
 
 ^0{ Scipioh^ jdi!nib,:l,\v'n\\ a petition of peace 
 
 <'of 
 
 Ci^.k 
 
 i AmigoriHuh^ Pkilp King ol the Macedonians, whom he thong!. t worthy to wear ihe 
 ciownoi M(tccdo»/, dirinhciicinghisfon Pafais a parri iJc. 9S3.C 
 
 ^Of the arrogancy ofC<c/tf,by A^ihj Vtr^initis to the Commons. F.o.H 
 
 yOf the fchool-Mader of the Falifcans Treachery by C.!w///«j. 165.B 
 
 Dilpraife ^ of the filthy ceremonies of the Bacchanals,with a folemn invocation of the gods^by Pofl- 
 
 \.. /)«/»/«< Conful, to the people. 959.C 
 
 'Of L.QHintiHsCiytcinnatus the ConfuKto thepeople againft AptlhiFirgimHs* G4.H i 
 
 Of Aulus VirginiMs againrt Jppms the defendant. 10 J-.K '■ 
 
 of L.Sc.tf/.7J a Commoner Tribune, i'^Mr\i\ M .V ofihumifts Sl military Tribune to the peo-' 
 
 r''<^. . ■ 14J.H 
 
 Of T.MxKltHs The Conful agaioft 7.M.iyili»t\\\s fon, whom hehad beheaded, for that in 
 
 the Latine war he fought againll the enemy without his commandment. 2 ~4.H 
 
 Or a recrimination of C'./1</ar>;/«x the Dictator a?ainfl certain noblemen, whoaccufcd him 
 
 of ambition or uola-wful fuint'/or dignities, becanfethey might not come to their an- 
 
 fwer when they were accul'ed. 272.H 
 
 of l\>yi?wp''<»»'«x a Tribune of the Commons againft .'ipp. Claudius-, who within thelawfull 
 
 time that is to fay.eighteen months,vvon!d not rengn uphis office of Cen!orfliJp. 276.K 
 0f//<t««5againft the Carthaginians, about the league broken with the Romans by A;«;<- 
 Accufa- <l ^^/,whom the Roman Embaffadors required to have punifhed, as the author guiky of 
 ^ioa. that crime. ^12.1 
 
 Oi?,Scipio againft the mutinous fouldiers, who in his abfence had thruft the Colonelsouc 
 
 of the camp, and beltowedthe loveraign ccmmand upon the chiefeft heads of that fedi- 
 
 tion. -)L?r.\v\'A"\ \v;-<vir-55(5_H 
 
 of the Legats of King Vhiiip in the Counciil of the .£t©lians againft the Romans, with a 
 
 d; iTwalion that the iEtorunsfhouid not fide with ihem. '^"-7 A 
 
 Of L.Furius VurpHiio and P.vEw;/;«.fjagainrt Cyi.A'Ianliiis^ that he might not have airlumph 
 
 granted. 95 5.C 
 
 (5f Pfr/f«/the fon of P/;///p the Macedonian againfl his brother Dfwffr/ar, vvhcmhea'c- 
 
 , cufed of Parricide. 957. F 
 
 "1 Of Q^ Afurtius the Roman Embafl'ador againft Virfeus King of the Macedonian;, forthe 
 
 L covenants of league broken. J045.G 
 
 'oi M.M'^yilim C-rpitolinushtioizCorn.Cofusthz Dictacor,and theLL.ofthe Senu.i 86.M 
 of Sp.Vofihumius againft the Tribunes of the Commons, who hindered thefubmifti'on 
 
 made unto the Samnits zx.C.iud'.r.x. l'tirc£. 297. C 
 
 With aperfwafion, Of H.wno 10 the Carthaginians, that they would think that joy vain 
 
 which was riten upon A»«//W; victory over the Romans at C-i^ytc, 388.L 
 
 Of the EmbalVadors of thole fouldiers who remained af'ter theCannlin overthrow to 
 
 Al.yr. MArccl'.fiSf concerning the difgrace offered to them by the Senat, with a petition 
 
 of a better ftate and condition. 44-.0 
 
 Or a recrimination, 0\ M.Ma/cellitf againft the Syracufian EmbaffadorS; who complained 
 
 of injuries done unto them by him. 490. 
 
 Defence <| OfCoynciins Scipio Conful-againit Qjr^ abiutW^ximus-fWho diflwadcd that the province of 
 
 y;jfr/V.i flionldbegnntedco /'.5(r/pr(7, 56-. D 
 
 [With a recrimination Of v^««;^rt/ to the Carchaginians-who blamed himwhen he laughed 
 
 in tfie generail mourning of the City. ^oy.F 
 
 Ofthc Roman Legats inthe Counciil of the ^tolians againft Philip., with a pcrtwaticn, 
 
 that the itolians fliould abide in league and amity with the Romany 9-7.G 
 
 Of P/)//'/) the King, to thole imputations which the Romans and others did Lhallen£ehim 
 
 tor. '666H 
 
 Of N.'Jis tyrant of the Argues to T.Qji>ititu in the generail Counciil of Grterc. 698.L 
 
 0\C». Ma-iiut the Col", againft L.Vuntu and T..^«;)'//«<.\7ho interpofcd their negative, 
 
 that he fliould not triumph for the war which he managed againft the gallogrceks.97 5 D 
 
 Of 
 
 1 
 
 ::>
 
 [O: criiDesobjeftcdiothe Acbzansby theLacedemonianSj by Lycortas thcizPtxior , bt- 
 
 fore v./f.KiC/^/ia'/^icbiet otiheRoitianLegats, _ _ 9^9,E 
 
 Oi Dewerriffj K. Ph-.lip his fon.accufed of parricide.againft his brother Perfeus. S> 5 3.B 
 
 Ot -Ar-co brother o^Xenarchus the Prsetor of the Achsans, for Terfeus K.of the Macedo-)' 
 
 nians ioi\n[iCa!li crates, who hadperfwadedthacno fociety was with him to i:)econ- 
 
 trafted. 1087.A 
 
 Defen'e <;Of fr^/tf^j the Macedonian K.to^//»f«/ Afiarm/nheRoman Embaffador. lo^i.F 
 
 O: L.v^mlnis PahIhs for making delay in his going into Macedony^ with an admonition 
 
 to the people that they would not feed the rumours of war, but keeping in their prac- 
 
 lino,for thu ic was a great hinder«nce to them that were tobeempioiedin war-aftairs. 
 
 1015.C 
 Ol L.&mylius P,v.l::s to his fouldiersj wherein he flieweth the reafon why he delayed bat- 
 tell. . 1019.G 
 
 Excufe Of Scipo to the petition of ^««;^^/ concerning the conditions of peace. 
 
 to the people of Rome for his fon accufed of felony, 
 .. ^ vyi *^"'.".c/»i.ianof theBarchinefa6lion,againft Hrf»^o, wl" 
 braiding ^ for the breach of the league with the Romans by Annibul. 
 
 (5i4.L 
 id.L 
 
 The up- ^Qf j7,-;«../^(,amanoftheBarchinefa6lion,againftHrf»^o, who accufed the Carthaginians 
 
 ■ ■ ■ ~ ■ ' " 388.L 
 
 rof Lu.QjiKUHsCinciai^atsis, againfl the licentioufnefs of the Nobles in creating of Magi- 
 Ikaies. 84.H.85.D 
 
 1 0'C.Fontrus General! of the Samnits againfl the intolerable pride and inhumane cruelty of 
 the Romans, with a perlwafion to a juR and lawtull war. 2553 
 
 - . n.- .J Of the fame C. 1>oKtius to the Roman Fseciall herald at the delivery of Confuls, Captains, 
 invet ue«^ TreafurersjandColorelsa'uietiesfortheCaudine peace. 697.G 
 
 I OiM.Ruffus Minittius, Generall of the horfemen againft QuintHS FAius the Di(5iator, for 
 his delaies and cowardile againft Afimbd, befieging Simefa a Colony of the Romans, 
 even before their eyes, 5 5 S.E 
 
 Oi T,OuirjtiMs ioiin{{ KabU the Argive tyrant, for that he accounted ofthe Roman allies 
 . asenemieSjandhadjoyned himfelf with theirenemies againft the Romans. 699.C 
 
 Expoftu- 
 ladon 
 
 Purgati- 
 on 
 
 Com- 
 olainc 
 
 Co^l''etur'iato Coridums her fon,m3king war upon the Romans for the Volfcians. 58.L 
 <Of ^//«;(7the principall friend of Amiochus jio the Roman Embafladors. 719, E) 
 
 cOfRhodian Embafladors in the Senat with a clearing of crimes objeiSed. 1014.O 
 
 COiPya'erius PuUice/aConlul toihepeople,in the cafe offcckingto be King. 82.H 
 
 ^With a challenge,Of one of the Carthaginians to the Roman Legats, ftiewing upon what 
 / plot and adv i:e AnyiiUlhad beheged Sagnntitr,;, 5 2 5.E 
 
 fAnd lamentation of Z-arrf//^ to her husband, her father and friends, for the violence offe- 
 red her, _ 34.1 
 O'.Pyalerhts PttblicoLi Conful-.to the Tribunes and the whole Communalty againft ylppius 
 Herdo/jius,}Nho with baniftied men and flaves had in the night feized the Roman Caftle. 
 
 82.M 
 
 Or a grievous lamenting with an exhortation of T, Qttiyitius Cepltoli/ius the fourth time 
 
 Confiilto the Commons. touching the difcords ofthe Citizens, 108.M 
 
 OtF^^o//.!theCimpan.to /^»tc«r.hi sfather,that he had thrice betraicd hiscoumry. 386.B 
 
 Oi A'liiUHs Decius 10 the multiuide ot the Campans gathered about him, untillbythe 
 
 J commandment of .y4»w<^.:/ he was bound and led to execution. 387. C 
 
 Ofthe Samnit Embafladors to Annibalthzibz would aid them againft the Romans.40 5. F 
 
 Of the Locrenfian Embafladors in the Senat, againft Q. Plsminius Captain of theRoman 
 
 fouldiersjfor the great injuries offered to them by him and his Ibuldiers. 581 .G 
 
 Of P/;//./! the Macedonian to the Roman Legats. 892.L 
 
 O: Philip the Macedonian touching the unfortunate eftate of him and his children. 899.G 
 
 0\C-i^'crMei\\\z Achian againft Perfeus King of Macedony. 9S3.B 
 
 \Oi Lu.&.'»\i'ns P<«»/«ras concerning his wonderfull calamity and of his triumph, which 
 
 ^_ was (as it were) a fpeftade and mocking ftockofthis worlds mutability. 1113.F 
 
 Of 
 
 I
 
 Rebuke .i ^l^;itT/^'^i'°a^'u''°"''^'"'''^^^ 
 
 < whereby they loft theopportunuyofHght,which//.W./retu^d. Tj) 
 
 .(. 
 
 Humble 
 intrcaty. 
 
 -Of the Volicians to the Roman Legats,who after the iofs and :o\n^oiJ:^:,:^^Z~^^Z^ 
 of them to ftand firm in league and lociety with the Romans againft the Canh.gS' 
 
 40-f.N 
 ;is, 
 
 n/f T P«tor of the Achxansaga.nft them : for that in their Councill they were 
 lilent,and anfwered not to the Roman Legats v^uumm mey were 
 
 0(L.^r»yl,Hs 'Paulnsto K. Perfc^s, becaule heVubmitted to the Roman Legats wi.h^.n 
 admonition to his men okhe change and alteration ot this world. " Tioj ? 
 
 .Of Lr,rg,„,u, 10 his (ouldiers,whereby herefufed themajefly ofa Decemvirfliip offered 
 . unto him without his Iceking. I'tv.cuiviniupotrerea 
 
 Of Tnui Manltu* the Conful to the Latine Emba(radors,requiring of the Senat Thar'on^ 
 
 t^L^:'""' -ghcbechofenoutoftheLacines, and ?hat thVmigt ^al^^p" ° in 
 
 283. E 
 
 ■OUa.HS againft the Decree of ^f;,«. the Decemvir, to iheend that V,rginL,Ki, Spoufe 
 
 (liould not remain without her fathers houfe ^ 7 o „ 
 
 Of L«r/r^/>w the father againft A^^m CUui^m^oi his daughter r,r^.„/^. , J '^ 
 
 OfCW,«.^./«.D,aatoragainft M,ncH, Ma.l.us Cap.ioU.H^, for that by hisexceffn^ 
 
 gifts he had Hirred up the people againft the nobility ^ 2 , Tl 
 
 ^hoIfemen""^*'^^"^^"°^' ^^"''''"S ^^^ "^"^'^ of ^;./«, M,mtmJ Generall ot the 
 
 Of P.C.r^./;//. Sapio againft C^o7/«. ^«.//«, and ot-her young men of /?.;«.,who plotted 
 
 to abandon /r<j/; for fear ot//4««,7W. H'"uca 
 
 Of T/^. GMrrA«/to hisfoDldiers, of penalty to bcinfliaed upon thofe ili^xs who rlfuled 
 
 • '°^ • ' 519.C 
 
 fOf C-/«T >«/«Aa Tribune of the Commons, To r<.«;^„/«xan horfeman.ibont ^.«rpr,w« 
 the Conlui, who had (hamefull abandoned his Camp in the war againft the Volicians. 
 
 gative. " <2Jf^-i^'*«'''*^C^f'X''/^«^tothegods,whenhewiisled toprilon forafcdition. '221.^ 
 
 I Of. f "if '*/'r'-'«/ the Diaator, to Fal,,,,; Max,n:»s General of the horfemen/or that againft 
 
 ■ his Decree he had fought with the Samnits. ,04 H 
 
 .Of King Ph,lfp,iDdoi T-,/«/ <^«/>f/«; the Conful,touching conditions of peace Szp D 
 
 Commi 
 Dation,or^ 
 threat* 
 ning. 
 
 X 
 
 Interro- ' 
 
 i 
 
 FINIS.
 
 :..iJojroiiijij 
 
 Va^u-^H-A • ;• 'O)*
 
 A 
 
 SUPPLEMENT 
 
 OF THE 
 
 SECOND DECAD 
 
 O F 
 
 tlVIES ROMAN 
 
 HISTORY. 
 
 Written in 
 
 t A T I N £ 
 
 AND 
 
 PEDIC ATED 
 
 CHRISTINA, 
 
 - QUEEN ofSwEDEs, Goths, 
 Vandals, die. 
 
 I J FREINSHEMIUS. 
 
 NewIyTranflated into English. 
 
 L Js(^V J\( , 
 
 hinted for fo/hua IQrton, <iJhel "R^per , Qah-icl "Bedell, 
 and (jeorge Sayphridge , i6^p.
 
 
 o 
 
 UL ■ \1 1- -iA-^ 
 
 l^> 
 
 c 
 
 iliY 
 
 -y tj!^ 
 
 
 /> 
 
 '.'/■
 
 
 r 
 
 par 
 
 To the High and Mighty Priiicefs, and his moft 
 
 Gracious Lady, 
 
 CHRISTINA, 
 
 "By the Qrace of Qcd Queen of theSwED e s, Goth s. 
 Vandals and the adjoyning l?rovinces. 
 
 T hath happily fain eut, that your t^onderful Humanity and Learn- 
 ing J rarely to be found in fo great a Majejly^ haye given me ad- 
 vantage of omitting one of thaje tmfibjeBs which ujually are the 
 Contents of Dedicatory Epijlles. For IhaVeJomanyreifons to 
 declare why Lpre/ent this Supplement to your Majejly^ that if J. 
 Tt>ere forced likewije to declare the Argument of the Work, to what 
 End J and in what Manner it is contrived^ I could not accompli jh it without a long and 
 tediom Epiftle. 'But now thofe Your twoFirtues I mentioned^ haVe freed me of this Ne- 
 '^^ffity, f^^f "gout of your Humanity you condefcended to read the Work while it was in 
 (ompoftng^andby your Learning more fully tmder/iood^ then lor any other could expound 
 what wa^fuperfludfcij and -fthat wanting m it. I ivillnot therefore accujethe meaneffe 
 of my Wit or Learning^or any other th'ing^: that this my Deftgn hath no more happily Juc- 
 ceeded^ (Let thofe men pretend jhortnefje of time^ multitude ofbujinefj'e or incommodhies 
 offuknijje^who aim at other Glory bejides that of Obedience) itlufjiceth me^ I am con- 
 fcioips^ that in writing this^ 1 haVe obJerVedthe benefit of your Studies ^ and tn ffiaking it 
 (Publick been Obedient to Tour Will. For ivhen in compiling the Q{elicks of 1.1 v y's 
 HiSTo RY ^which at that time you diligently read^ I had ^inijhed this Work as a 'Bridne 
 over a broken ^W/^^f , 2e« ivtre pleajed ( according to lour excellent and ivell 
 known OoodneJJe) to exprejfe Tour liking of my Endeavors ; and ^ as Tour Self thereby 
 had reaped Benefit ^ fo tojudg them fit of Tublick View^that others might likewijc be pro- 
 fited by them. Wherein Tou mamfefied both your Wifdome and your Bounty : Tour 
 Bounty^ in that what wasjolely intended for jour own/errvice^ you were willing jhould 
 he ufeful unto all : Tour Wifdom in that^ in this new beginning and encreaje of Learn- 
 ings which by your example and Help the ISforth doth greedily receive and happily im- 
 prove J you have encouraged other men to exercife their Wit and huiufiry in publifhing 
 more Accurate and Learned Writings s ')Vhen thy jh all have under ^hod with how much 
 Candor and Clemency Tou accept this rude and unpolijhed Tiece of mine. When there- 
 fore Ijee not only thole loho are born unto your frVice^ but many aljo of jl range Na- 
 tions mofi willingly entertain and execute your Commands : Should I at all be back- 
 ward in my Duty^ lv/;o, if not alone ^ yet amongji a few of your mojl Faithful andnea" 
 refi fubjeCis , am m a peculiar manner obliged by your Majefiy ? I am indeedHis
 
 The Epiftle Dedicatory. 
 
 who created all things ^ neither from any other do I exj^eEl a True and Lajlmg Felicity i 
 neither do I bear a mind inferior to fo great a Hope : !But as to the Ofjicesofthis 
 Life I am by him heJlott>ed uponyour Mayjly^ as by infallible Argumeyits^to your felf 
 }iot unknown^ may be demonjlrated. Wherefore my conjlant and rejohed %ule of li^ 
 Vim {which ^tf I attain not unto ^ as lam willing a?id ought to do^ yet I aim at an^ en- 
 deavour) ii to attends God's ')Ull only in thoje things iphich are exprejly commanded 
 or forbidden • in ^^Btons indifferent and arbitrary to be guided by your Majejiie alone j 
 which I the rather ^nve to perform^ becauft I know it is your Pleafure. And truly 
 thii were a fufficient tie of my Obedience and Reverence j if you had not otheryptfe 
 both by your Virtues and T)eferts obliged jne^ both iphich are fo ample and of fo ejfeElu- 
 al an Influence^ that it is hard to fay whether in (Contemplation of them lam more wH- 
 lingto/cr'Veyou^ or for other %eafons more flriHly bound to it. Ifindmyfelfnowin- 
 WW in a very doubtful C'^fe, and on both fides tfiuch perplexed : For if I/ay what 
 I have intended J as my defire is^ and as isjufl and %ighty I 77iay happty not be relifhed 
 by your Maje/lie^ who do more freely exercife your Virtues ^ andfafien your Favours , 
 then ipdlingly hear them repeated, ^nd if in the Mention thereof I fl^, all omit any 
 things I fJyallfail in my Dutj^and Detract from Tow Trdifes^ whtch(mth as fervent a 
 defire and good tvtll as Iprojecute them) had I liberty to expatiate ^l could in no wife ac- 
 cording to tktr Dignity jet forth ^much lejs being flreightned within the narrow limits of 
 au Epijlle. NeVcrthelefs I am confident ^that the Temper of the bufinefs (whichyour felf 
 cajmot di fallow) is agreeable ^as to the pr e fait pur pofe^ fo to both our Vifpofttions. For I 
 abhor Flattery as doth your Majefiie ■ neither am I more willing to/peak any thing in 
 fuch afiraiUy then lour felf to hear it. jlnd^ according to your dijcerning Spirit^ you 
 are not ignorant that I am of this mind ^ that if it were in my choice whether to offend 
 You in doing You Good^orpleaje You by Flattery, I fhould without fcruple chufe the for- 
 mer^ which few Stibjecls can do and few Princes endure. Hinder not therefore my 
 dejires which cannot offend on that part : Give us leaVe to acknowledge what we have 
 received j and if miferable- men are freely allowed to complain^ why fi?Quld your Ma- 
 jffiie forbid us rnodcflly to boa(l of our Happineffe under juch a Prince as Your felf ? 
 Isleither ought this, the only '^ward of your good Veeds^ or the Fruit ofourThank- 
 fidnefs to peri fh; we then again a frep? receive bens^ts when "^e repeat them. But I 
 fee what is happened^ whilejl I beg leave to Write I loofe both Time and Space. What 
 therefore I am about to fay^ jhall be into a few Teriods digefied^ and I jhallof eVery 
 kind fpeakjomewhat only in Summe. As to thofeyour Virtues wherewith you have mag- 
 nificently Adorned this Empire j that I may briefly declare what I think, I jhall borrow a 
 Sentence from our beloved Tacitus j in which Author, You know, Tiberius reproach- 
 eth C. Cicfar^TW he had all the Vices of L.Sylla, but not fo much A6 one of his Vir- 
 ttics ■ which may jti/lly be inverted as to Your Majefiie, that You have accjuired all the Virtues 
 tf Your ^redeceffors, omitting what Vices were in them,infomuch as You have augmented 
 their J[ncient Hmours by Virtues new and heretofore unknown to this IQngdom. I believe 
 that fjrmcr Ages wanted nn excellent i\itigs, yet, however it came topa/s, thtSwetick 
 affairs never afcended to any illufiriom or durable greatnefs in their dayes • the 'Prafe 
 of that w^rk properly belongs to th Guftavides, of whom not any one ever (J{eigned 
 yinthomfome Memorable profit to the Qoimtrie : for eVen the Error offoine have proved 
 of good ufe ; the Cafe of Exiciis and Sigiimund infiruBethTojleritj wherein ^ngs 
 may ojfei.d : and others are admonifi^ed by thefeVerity of Charles, how unfafe it is. 
 to-proi'oke Princes to Anger. 'But what Ttn or what Oration canfufficiently declare-
 
 The ^piftle Dedicatory. 
 
 the Immortal benefits reaped from the twa Guftavi ? They were both fo ^re^it ^ that if 
 you compare them with others^ you will eaftly prefer them before others-^ but if you 
 compare them between them/elves ^ you will rather conclude that this was Create jl 
 and the other Create fl , then difcerne whuh of the two excelled For it is a great 
 Error and blmdnejfe of judgment to meafure the Creatfiejfe of t\ings by the outward 
 Splendor of their AElions , and refpeH that only. 
 
 It happens often to thefe Stars on Earth as to thofe in Heaven^ that fome indeed arc 
 the greater though others feem to be fo. (But this is niAnifefl^ that Cod had Ordained 
 by two Tri?ices efpectally to advance the glorie of this I^ngdom^ eVen by Gusta- 
 V u s the Grea: , and his Daughter Christina. He indeed was the more 
 endowed with Warlike Virtues , yet fo as when he had leifure from the Field ^ he did mojl 
 Accurately and Skd fully manage affairs at Home : God having reJerVed Tour ftlfe , 
 Madam, to a greater work , the %ecoverie^ Eflablifjment and Ornaynent of Teace , 
 hath every way accomplif]7edTouforfogreata Task-, y^^h-, ^^f^^^de there ti^asane- 
 ce/sitie of War, You could not complain of any thing wanting in Your felf to the higheft 
 ^raije injuch an Employtnent. For whereas little is to be attributed to bodily exer- 
 cife. You were found eminent in all thofe Virtues of the Mind ffhich are required in the 
 hfi Emperors ,06 Counfel inTerlexities ^Confiancy in Jdverfity, Moderation infrofpe- 
 rity, Diligence, IVifdom, Faith fulnefs in all things ; whereby after many and famous Vi- 
 Tories, You concluded Te^ce with Denmark </j the firfl year of your Q^eigne , and in 
 the fourth jear a mofl glorious and advantageous one with the German Emperor. 
 Which p;ace how and by iphat means yon have adorned, I cannot in this Fiaft declare -, I 
 Jhallonly name the encreafe of the City, many Towns built and well conjiituted^ Juftice 
 eflablifJ)ed, the People eafed in their Taxes, Manners amended, the Ho?ior and Reward 
 of Learning encreafed^the Univerfities enriched. Schools ere^ed^ Merchandi:^ fiotirijh-f 
 ing,many ManufaSlures newly invented ^the Ground manured beyond the p.mplicity ofithe 
 ^indents j your care and diligence adhibited toward the Commodity of Travel, meafuring 
 of Hioh-w ayes, building.of Inns, and indeed toatard all things which we fee, Tohich we are 
 fenfible of, and the benefit whereof we enjoy-^fo that Imayjuflly account thofe yny Country- 
 men c/Germany happy whojhal hereafetr refl under yourTroteHioni whom lipould have 
 with my (elf and all other Your Subje Els, think no fignfurer of Cod's Anger or Favour to^, 
 ward them, then 04 he p?all long preferVe^or fuddenly take a'i»ay fuch a Trincefroma- 
 mongjl them. If there be any who dare not hft up their Eys by reafon of the mtfery of 
 times pajl, or are fo hmdred by the Interpofition of clouds that tkey could not hitherto be- 
 hold this 'Bright Star, be comforted ipith as Ajpccl, and refrejhed with its Heat : They 
 may ju^ly hi encouraged to expecl all things happy and profperous mar at hand^ yiot only 
 by thegreatneffe of fo 'Benigne and Favourable a Light, but alfo by the Conflancy there- 
 of. For the Splendor of it is not thrived, as that of a Candle or Torch, which failing, the 
 remaining fubflance appears fouler -, but like that of the Sun, True, and Ture, and Innate , 
 neither to be conjumed by Time, or extinguipjed by Violence : which now jhineth openly 
 to thafe -^ho dwell afar off, and willfo difpell all Clouds from before their Eyes , that 
 you /hall find ?ionefo blind 04 cannot fee it, or impudently injurioM to their cwn judg- 
 ments OS to denie they fee it, But though it be troublejome to me to draw my 
 mini from this fweet and pleafng Conte77iplation , I Jhall yiot endeavour to compre- 
 hend the mention of thefe Virtues within the narrow Limits of this ^apcr, thti Time ^ 
 or this my little Wit , which ought in whole Volumes to be declared to all T^ati- 
 ons and Ages. I p)all maki hold to be more Trolixe in the Commemoratton of your benefits 
 
 hejlow-
 
 The Epiftle Dedicatory. 
 
 befioivzd on me ^ as being not fo well hiown to th World ^ and more properly belonging to 
 the Caufcs of this Dedication ^ as likfiivife not unworthy Monuments of your Vir' 
 tues. ^ui I mujl firjl acknowledge the TroVidence of God xvhich I ba^fc alwaies found 
 mofl mamfejlly prejcnt in this bufmeffe. When for jnany years in Germany I continued 
 infuch a condition of life {for many reafons thereunto perj^ading jne) as not refolutely ' 
 addiHed to any particular Trofefsion^yet ready to accept of any which P?ouldla"ii> fully of- 
 fer it fclfi in all that while m man determined my liberty with obligdtion to any cal- 
 ling. In the tnean time \ fpcntnotthat myleijureinidknjfe ^ but bejlowed it inthofe 
 Studies to the whic,h (bywhat afterward hapned^ I evidently underflood) \ wm from 
 mj infancie ordained, The time now grew on^ Madam, wherein I was to be dedicated 
 to lour Majefties Service^ ^wciBenedidl Skytte c<jw^ wArgentoracus, whomTonf- 
 Majejlie bath deferVedly honoured with many Fa'Vors^ and lajlly wtth the Dignitie of a 
 Senator, ^y him invited I came to Your Univerjitie^ where injlruHing the Youth with 
 care and diligence ^ though I had an earne fide fire to fee Your Majeflie^ yet I preferred 
 then:ceffitie of my pre/cm OJ^ce^ before the fweetneffe of an happineffe not yet due totnt. 
 When I had now three years been debarred of any Confereyice with your Majejlie^ haVmv 
 lately taken upon Your Self the Admlniflration of Your %ealm^upon occafton of a Fumrat 
 You came to Ubfal. And from that time I fhall begin the Commemoration of Your Fa^ 
 Vours towards me. The lajl Office of Love was then performed to my Matron John 
 Skytte Senator^ iphofepraifes accordingtotheVutieof my '?lace^\ endeavoured to fet 
 forth in a Funeral Oration ; and this was thefirjl Speech I jnade in Your hearing : !But 
 wlyen by the cheerfuinefs of your mojl Serene Countenance ^You dilcovcred both Your under- 
 flanding of what wasfpoken^ and Your Favour to the Speaker^ I was jo infinitely pojfefjed 
 with ^leafure and Admiration^ that thenceforward I r efolved to efleem You not only 04 a 
 Queen of Me and Your IQngdomeSj but Trincejfe of all Virtues and Wi/dom. The fame 
 Favour I received two years after J when as often as you came to }Xh{3.\y you heard my 
 'Difcourfes upon anj SubjeByou propounded. Intending afterward to accumulate more 
 Favours upon me. You invite ^mc to Court ^ not only beyond my Hope ^ but befidesmy 
 TImights of anyfuch thing : what You there bejlowed upon me^ can/carce by a long Ora- 
 tion be declared : You made me Keeper of Your Librarie^ then which I know none fofoon 
 after its firfl beginning , more plentiful in 'Books ^ which hath been a main help to 
 me in Compiling this Supplement. You gave me theTitle cf your Hifloriographer 
 that whenyou Jhould think fit I might deliver to Toflerity the Memory of things done 
 or to be tranfaHcd. You afforded me Lodging inyour Qourt^ not only Very convenient 
 but (ivhich is rarely found in jo frequented a Tlace) 'Very private and quiet alfo , and 
 a Stipend^ which by experience 1 haVefouiui^ very fubjeEi to EnVy, And whereas thefe 
 may be ejleemcd Favours of the highefl rank, youhaVe, by what after followed ^ caufed 
 them to be efleemedfmallones ; For whenyou de fired the I^nowledge of the Greek Tongue^ 
 that you might from their own Mouths underfiandthe fenfe of the mofl excellent writ-"'' 
 ers in Civil and Moral VVifdorn, you didfoby degrees induce me to the Office of your 
 InfhuBer therein Jbeing ignorant of your Turpofe,that at length I underflood I had taught 
 much indeed^ ivhenonthefudden \ found you had Learnt fo much. ^By this your Art 
 in thatfmall time you could allow out of two years to fuch a Study {being a Queen aBu^ 
 ally feigning, imaging War^ often holding Parliaments ^ everyday Qo'uncels, andcon- 
 flantly diflraSled with other bultnefs)you made fuch an improvement that after Trial in 
 Polybius and Pluturch jyou read Phto alfo J and that with fuch tinder flanding^ that 
 Uttle wanting my help y you could hafiily Tranflate him into Elegant Latine tn mofl
 
 The ^'piftlc Dedicatory. 
 
 Ji^mficant Ex^refsiom^ ami of Jour felf ubjcm and for true reafons CerreB: the Error 
 of Tranflations made laith the great [htins of Learned men. Whereby I reaped Jo oreat 
 and various fruits of puref^pleajure^ as I could not but often ui^enHOuJly co?ifeJ]e to iny 
 mofl intimate acquaintance^ That whatfoeVer Tim?^ or Labour ^ or Study ^ or Care I 
 heflowed in thu employment (for Trouble ^ hall my Confcience to witncjjc, I never fdt 
 any) I thought all abundafitly recompenced with that reward I could eVcry hour receive 
 from you. For to omit other bencfits^what an advantage was eVcn in this^ to be every day 
 in the prefence of fo great a Trlnce^ to befeen and countenanced by Tou^to obtain the Title 
 Tlace and Honour of a Favourite ? Truly my HappincJJeJeemcdfo great to me that I 
 began to be afraid of it. For though ^ by the Grace of God^ I eVer put off thefe my 
 worldly Accoutrements ^ as knowing I mufl one day leave them or they yne^ yet out ofini" 
 potency of mind \ might by too great happinefs have grown infolent ^ but that by certain 
 Arguments I learnt in time to know that Jo great a fortune was not ccjyijerred as Due to 
 qny man's Merits J but as the free gift of your Grace a?id good will. J^nd in thisfo 
 high a}id great an Happineffe there are many excellent Circumjiances particularly confi- 
 derablc , 1 am tied only to my own Vocation^ employed only in mine own Stndies that is 1 
 amfo free that I am not employed and wearied in anyferUce not proper to }ny own Office 
 and calling. N-either haVe you a care of my Time and Health only^ butalfo of my Mo- 
 dejly and ^ajhfulneffe : I appear not but at the time of your Studies ^ neither then do 
 I break in without command ^ tofland as an idle and dumb SpeHator^ Vainly loofing time^ 
 or boldly vaunting of my Liberty and Familiarity Neither is my ivorkbafe orVile^wedo 
 nothing which requires either Secrecy or Excufe j whofoeVer will not betray his own igno- 
 rance mufl needs confefje the employment on my part worthy of a man^ onyours becoming 
 a prince. Hitherto I have related part of the Favours you have befloTt^ed on my Ter- 
 fon J it remains like'^ife Ifliould acknowledge thofe Favours (as much more heflowed 
 on me) which you Jmve conferred on others by 7ny Inter ceffioni In which confefflonl 
 have caufe tofear^ that Ifl^all not only contrail Envy to myfelfe , hut give Occafion to 
 others to accufeyour Majeftie, as bdn^ two Facih in granting tvhat is requefled. To 
 thefe Ifhallanjwer^ Tl^at I do indeed acknowledg and admire your Goodmffe which hath 
 far exceeded my Veferts^andthat others alfo maf obtain equal or greater Favours if they 
 ask them with the fame ^efpeH^ that 1 have dotie : as firff I never dejtred any thing hut 
 ■what was Jufl and Equal j iiar fecondly^ any thing misbecoming the Office and Majeflie 
 of myTrince-^ thirdly ^ by all thofe Boons Ihave obtained for others I know yiot that I 
 am a penny the rickr. 'But in thisflrait , wherein it it eafier to think of more things 
 then to IVrite them, many things come into my mind "ivhich I am forced to ptcterynit. This 
 I fhallfay^Iam in doubt whether I am more beholding to your Majeflie for fmall favors 
 heflowed at my ^quefl^ or for the great ones -^ for as theje carried the greater Trice 
 the others did more manifefljour Humanitie. That your mind capable of highefl things 
 would condefcend to fo little ones . ]Ve %ead of a i\ing^ who when <2 Phylofopher 
 asked of him a Groat, faid^ \t was too little for a J\}ng to give • when he prefently asked 
 a Talent, faid^ \t was too much for a Phylolophcr to receive. Ycur Majeflie bath more 
 magnificently ujed the fame Method^ in Yourjmaller favours, regardinn what was fit for 
 me to receive -^m the greater J what became lour jelf to give. With the like Clemency 
 You have had compaffton on fome mijerahle men (whom I therefore comnnnded to Your 
 Majeflie becaufe none had pity on them) and done that tvhich I dare yet fcarce /peak, 
 both for the Greatneffe of the Thing,and for the Greatneffe of the Thanks due^which 
 
 cmmot
 
 The Epiftle Dedicatory. 
 
 Taiim at brejent he ex^rejfed. ^ut I may happly be accufcd of Folly ^tbat I /7;o«W think 
 your favours may be more Elegantly declared or praifed by any man's Oratlon^thm by your 
 own Deeds and Worh 5 or that Ijhouid think, you ft and in need of my (Commendation 
 for haVtng bountifully remitted to the City of the Vangioncs the greater part of their 
 Tases by ivhich bene ft I bdie'Ve the City wai preferycd^ andJJ?aU do well andjujily if 
 they hotiouryour Majeftie us a feco)id^ oundveCs -^ Ion have hereby for eVer obliged 
 the Commonwealth of the Y3.ngioncs J and me in particular J making us your eyerlifling 
 "Debtors. For I hiow liJt ivho of%ight oTfeth mofl to you ^ they who received the benefit 
 orhe who procured It at your Fiands. Is there any thitig can be ecinalled to ^ or pre- 
 ferred before what 1 harve already faid ? Yesfurely^eVen thiSy In thatyoii havepromijed 
 to make me a better man^not^as all men are improved^ by Laws and Manners^ nor ^04 
 many by Example, but, m yet none, by tour care and Dillgetice in ConVerfing with 
 me : For you havepromifed to make Enquiry with me {that is id direB and [hel? me) 
 how Wile and Prudent men du^ht to be qualified, and by Ti^hat fignes they may be dtfco*^ 
 rvered • ivhich when I have learned, I make no queftiori of being much better then now I 
 am. y(nd \fo much value this your fromife, that I would not free your Maje^ie from 
 your Obligation for half your Kingdom : And I fhall riot fefufe, whenfoever Ton Com- 
 mand to declare the ^afons of this my %efolution. ^nd to perform this, will, I fup~ 
 pofe be neither unpleafant to lou, nor yet Difficult, feeing lou tend forward to the height 
 of that Wifdom,tphich eVenamo}ig the Learned you ^jall find more who pretend to teach 
 then do indeed truly know ((srunderfiand it. In this thing I may wel boajl whereby 1 am more 
 happy not only then ordinary men, but thefervants of Solomon, himfelf, who are juflly 
 efteemed happy in having opportunity of hearing his Wifdom, but would baVe been much 
 more happy if he had taken peculiar Care to have infiruEled them in his own ^erfon ,' 
 %phich we read not he eVer did. !But I perceive that contrary to 7ny will and the nature of 
 my Argument the ivery Paper admonifheth me to make an end, I fhall therefore noio 
 he filcnt, humbly adori)ig your Majefiie, and giving You to wider/?and,That not only this 
 ^ook is Dedicated to Your Ua]efiie^ but my whole felf with all my Soul and the AjfeBi- 
 ons thereof with Ivhat I am, or haVe, or can do, being for Your fake ftmply willing to do 
 any thing'ii'hatfoever wnhpnt exception, unlefswhat isagainjl Confcience^ or beyond my 
 Jbihties toperform. 
 
 MADAM, 
 
 The Lord Preferve and Keep youv 
 
 At Holmii thi J5«'of th: Calends 
 oi Vtumbcr. AnnoDom.ii5-4?, 
 
 THE
 
 $f f f if f if f if f f f f f f f f f f f if f f f 
 
 THE SUPPLEMENT 
 
 O F 
 
 LI VIES HISTORY 
 
 i> 
 
 THE FIRST BOOK> 
 
 In place of L i v i e' s X V^ Book. 
 
 QUeSled out of Authors whofe Thames are in the Margin annexed. 
 
 H E Power of the Samnites was now by many Battels much broken, nei- 
 ther was any doubt made of happily finiftiing the War, in cafe the Ene- 
 tiiy in this low and weak condition were prevented of time fufficient to 
 recollcft and ftrengibcn his fpirits. Therefore ^Fahint the Conful, In the ytai^ 
 now in the heat of his Youth, and affuring himfeif the glory of putting '^°" '*'' *°""" 
 an end to thjs War, having made a fudden levy, marcheth inconti- c[t'°66i '''' 
 ncntly with his Army into Camptnia. For the Samnites being an bar- zi)niri$.Tm.x 
 dy people, and by all their overthrows brought rather into Defpiir then 
 Fear, while the former Confuls carried back the Legions to Rome at' 
 tending on their Triumph, laid hold on that opportunity, and what with the Relicks of their 
 former Armies, and fome new Levies, had gathered together a confiderablc force, and becaufe 
 they knew the Plague was at Rome^ and had heard that the prcfent Confuls were men not much 
 to be feared, either for any experience in Marftial affair , or for anygreat Authority they had, 
 they grew confident, invaded, depopulated, and wafted the Territories of the Campanians whom Livic Boek 7 
 they had alwayes hated, but now more vehemently, looking on them as the Authors of the dan- ^^-i ' 
 gers and calamities they now fuftained. The Roman General had a heart no way misbecoming 
 thedignityof his F^^/^wFamily, but the fmall account he made of a Nation fo often beaten 7 
 by his Country-men, and his earneftnefs of being in aftion, did at this time quite bereave him of " " 
 all Counfcl and Deliberation. He marcheth Iwifdy towards the enemy, and having difcovc- 
 red the Samnite fcouts, who upon fight of the Roman troops retired back to their own main Bo- 
 dy, and judging this to be a flight of the whole Hoft, without any confideration had either of 
 the place or the condition of his men, he commands in all haft that may be the Battel to be be- 
 gun, as if the hope of Viftoryconfifted only in Expedition : But the Samnites having notice 
 of their approach, were very circumfpeft, had feized on advantageous places, marfliallcd their 
 Army, and incenfed the minds of their Souldiery with their commanders Orations ; and confe- 
 quently the Event of the Battel was accordingly ; for the Samnites being in good Rank, and 
 well prepared, made no great bufinefs to rout the Romans, being very weary with their journey 
 and furious march, out of all order, as if they came rather to plunder then to fight. Three ff«ircp/(«Bi 
 ihQMhnioi Fabiitf his men were loft, a greater number wounded, and only by the benefit of ■^•"■''**"' ^*^' 
 the Night was the total deftrudion of his Army prevented. Then retiring to a more commodi- •'*""'^' 
 ous place, as well as in fuch a Confternation may be expeAed, they fortified their Camp, where 
 thercwas little better comfort or confidence then in the tield, the Weary had noconveniencieofZi"''»ri»^. 
 reft, thcHungry wanted food, and the Wounded had no application of Medicines, for ifluing 
 out with their weapons only, they had left all their carriage and baggage in the former Camp : 
 
 A So
 
 The Supplement of Livie, Book I. 
 
 tivic't Epi- 
 tom. II 
 Z)/oapud Ftf/c- 
 
 ftUM, 
 
 folj4tuui S:ri- 
 tsgem 8.15 
 Vtltrius 
 Mtximuj 4. 1 ,j 
 
 ydzriut 
 Mixim.S.^.j .1 
 
 So that the whole night was parted away with the Groans of the dying, and the Complaiatsof 
 thehving, every one with horror and defpair waiting for the next day as their laft. For being 
 tired with labour, diftcmpercd with long watchings, weakned with wounds, terrified with an un- 
 lucky overthrow, and their number muchdiminifhed , they thought it impoflibletorefift the 
 enemy, whom when they were found and entire both in body and mind, and filled with hopes 
 of Viftory, they were not able to encounter upon even terms. Things being at this ill paflc.the 
 Remedy { as it often happens ) proceeded from the enemies miftake, who daunted with the Ru- 
 mour of the other Conful's approach, and fearing left while be affaulted Fahim his Camp, the 
 new forces would furround him, contented himfelf with what luccefle he had above his hope 
 obtained, and diverted his courfe another way. The Enemy being removed, the Romans like- 
 wife betook themfelves to a fafer Refuge : when thefc tidings were brought to Rome, the City 
 was exceedingly moved, not fo much with the lofle, as the difgrace of the bufinefs , and took 
 it deeply to heart. That the longeft war they were ever troubled with, when it was now fuftat 
 a period, ftiould by the rafbnefs of one Conful be revived again, and that more formidably 
 khen before, byrcafonof the great hopes and confidence which the Samnitcs would affumein 
 contemplation of this their fuccefs. Neither was this the fenfe of the Tribunes of people alone, 
 whofe proper art it was by their frequent Orations to fill the Citizens minds with envy and ha- 
 tred, but even the Fathers, upon difcufs of the bufinefs, pronounced very heavy and fcvere fen- 
 tcnces, and a Decree was made by the Senate, That¥&bi\is the ("onful fljouU be comm»n(ieA at 4 
 cert Am day af fainted tt came and plead his cauft at Rome. He was no fooner at Rome , but a 
 fwarm of accufers flew about him ^ and indeed the fault could not be cxcufed, and what was 
 only left of moment on his behalf, even the efteem of old Fabii**, was madeufe of as an argu- 
 ment againft him ; for they thought him leaft of all men to be pardoned, who being cxtraded 
 from fo Uluftrious a Parent, and brought up in the midft ef his Fathers triumphs, had, by hij 
 Imprudence with fo foul an overthrow, call aftainnotonly on the Roman Gl9ry , but on 
 the renown of his own Family, and the many vidories of his Anceftors obtained. Their minds 
 being thus exafperated (that it was not likly the Defendant ftiould have a fair hearing) were 
 firft by the confideration of his Fathers eminent Piety, and afterward with his Oration totally 
 appeafed. For he fearing leaft for this mifcarriage his pcrfon would be removed from his Com- 
 mand, infiftednot atallinexcufingthcCrime, but raodeftly recounting his own and his forefa- 
 thers merits, defiredtheremight notbcinhis oldagefo ignominious a Charadcr imprinted 
 
 * on the Fabian Family : Neither did he require that for the fake of fo many other Fabii, who 
 'almoft from the foundation of the City, had by their virtue and counfel augmented the Roman 
 
 * Empire ; nor that for the fake of thofe three hundred Faiii, who by their own deaths, and 
 
 * alraoft the total lofs of the Faiian Name, had protefted the Commonwealth, the error of one 
 'fingleperfon ftiould be forgiven, if it were found remcdilefs, and that a greater commodity 
 
 * would accrue from the puniftiment then the pref^vacion of his fon. But whatfoever was in 
 
 * this young man to be feared, is already come to pafs, whereas unlefs we cut off our own hopes, 
 ' I cannot lay by an unjult, but by an untimely feverity, Thofe many good deeds which his fpirit 
 
 * and lively Genius, which likewife his virtue ( byme, in your efteem, none of theworft Tu- 
 
 * tt rs, being difciplin'd and direded) doth fairly promife, arc yet juftly to be expeded. It hath 
 ' turned to the improvement of many mens wifdom and circumfpedion, that they mifcarried in 
 
 * the beginning of Affairs, who being admoniflied of their error , have often recompencedfmall 
 
 * lofles with larger fuccefs ; and I doubt whether it ought not rather to be imputed to the Envy 
 'of Fortune then to any man's fault, that the conftant felicity both of the Commonwealth, 
 ' and our Family, is by a fmalldetriment thus interrupted; though indeed it is rather to beac- 
 
 * counted the good will then the envy of the Gods, by whofe providence it is come to pals, thac 
 ' with this overthrow, not fo fatal to the City as effcftual to our inftruftion, we are put in mind 
 'of our humane condition, to abate that deadly pride which is ufually the effeft of exceflive 
 ' Profperity. Whatfoever the matter is,Countrymcn,I did certainly forefee feme ill luck,when upon 
 
 * the Convention of the Sesatc, I did earneftly folicit you would not create my fon Conful. Foe 
 
 * when I confidered that my Father, Grandfather, Great-Grandfather, and other my Anceftors 
 
 * had frequently, and my felf five times born that Office, I began to miftruft whether the Gods 
 ' or Men would willingly, and with an equal mind, fuffer the fupreme Honour to continue in the 
 'fame Family. Andlwifhmy prayers had then prevailed, or that you would be pleafed ftill 
 ' to continue the benefit beftow'd , left what againft my will, you confer'd on my fon as a To- 
 •kenof Honour, proveanoccafionof unheard of Infamy to us both; nay, left your felves be 
 ' fufpedcd of Rafhnefs, forpofterity will judge, that either you conferred the command on 
 ' ^f/»^<«/ without caufe, or that without caufe ye deprive him of it, if by a contrary Judg- 
 ' ment ye ftiall deftroy your former Sentence. But if you will plcafe to decree things more fa- 
 'vourably, bothyourown Authority, and the reputation of the Fabian Family fliall yet ftand 
 ' found, and his youthftil folly, as it was committed with fome lofs to the Commonwealth, ftialt 
 ' be amended to its greater emolument and profit. But who dares promife thcfe things ? Truly, 
 'Countrymen,! will, even I will engage my felf to the Commonwealth for my fon, and happy 
 ' may it prove to the Senate and People of Rome, and our own private Family; Iwiilalfo go 
 ' Legate to the Conful, and partake of whatfoever fortune he (hall happen either to find or 
 ' £0 make. My fpirica are ycc Yigorous,ncicher,confidering mine age, is the ftrength of my body
 
 In Jflace of Livie's Eleventh ^ooL 
 
 I 
 
 * much decayed, I can performe a fouldiers duty , I can (land in Battel, and if to all things elfe I 
 'were impotent, yet with the Memory of my Former viftories lean both terrific the Enemy 
 ' and Encourage our own Souldiers ; and, which is of greateft concernment, I can with Coun- 
 ' fell and Caution temper and direft the impetuous Heat of the Confull's youth which is the on- 
 ' ly Caufe of the laft Misfortune ^ If I knew not the Difpolition of my fonne , and were not 
 
 * affured he would embrace any good direftion , I would not certainly now neer the end of my 
 'life hitherto led without Blemifh, after the bearing fo many Confulfhips both tomyownd 
 ' likeing and yours, after fignal viftories and illuftrious Triumphs,! would not hazard allmyGlo- 
 ' ry pur chafed with fo many ycares travel and danger, at home and abroad, by trufting it to the 
 
 * Rafltnefs of one in confideratc young man. 
 
 This Oration did both move the mindes of all who were prefent , and alfo ingenerate a Con- 
 fidence of better fuccefs for the future. Old f^j^/a/ was by an Unanimous conlenc created Le- -. 
 gate, all preparations were made with what diligence care and Expedition might be; and the r„'^'^ ''''^ 
 Conful took the field with no lefs favour and Hope of the People , then he had lately returned 
 with their indignation and reproaches. Henceforward both in their march and in their Camps 
 nothing was omittedeitherof good Difcipline, or what the art and experience of an old General 
 could ordaine, and thofc Companions whom ^ Fal/ius the Father had by good turne«, orby 
 the admirationof his virtue obliged tohimfelfe, were very ready to perform whatfoevcr was 
 enjoyned them; the Souldiers alfo greedy to blot out their former difgrace, and confiding in 
 the Counfel of a Leader, under whofe coiiduft they remembred the Samnites to have been of- 
 ten beaten by themfelves : and their Fathers did earnefHy defire opportunity of encountring the 
 Enemy. On the other fide the Samnites were no lefs elevated with contemplation of their late 
 viftoryj fo that one Party driving to retainc their purchaf'd Glory , the other to repair what 
 was loft , they joyned iffue moft vehemently with all the force and might on both fides ^ And 
 now behold the /?«»<««/ in a worfe condition then before , C.Pontius HerenntHs the Enemies Onpus j, »i. 
 General having hemm'd in the Conful with afeleftband; when .(l/<jAr»w«jobferving the dan- 
 ger his fon was in,fettingfpurrc to horfe flings himfcif intothethickeftof the Enemies Troopes : 
 He was followed immediately by a Party of Horfe , who befide the motion of their own Cou- 
 rage were afliamed to fee one Old man affault with a refolution to overcome fo many fpiright- 
 ful young Lads in the flower of their ftrength. This fuddcnftorme governed the Fortune of the 
 whole Battel; Thel^^oman Legioos animated with the boldnefs of their Cavalrie, atfirftwell 
 received the Enemy, and ftraightway repell'd them : Herennius in vaine refitting, who, that day 
 performing all the Offices both of a good General and a good Souldier, endeavouring to rally 
 his files to retaine the Cowardly , and withftand the aflailants, could neither hinder the Flight of 
 his men , nor afterward find opportunity of efcapc for himfelf. Four thoufand Samnites were 
 taken with their General The Battel and the flight fwallowedup 24000. The Enemies Camp Z*Hari$ 
 was likewifc feized on with vaiv pv.mdcr in it , which was quickly much encreafcd by Forrage of 
 their Grounds , and taking in of Towns botn by aorme and upon Mercy -, This great change Eutrophiiu 
 of Affaires was wrought by the accefsof one onely Perfon , inlomutli thaf the hteiy Vidori- li'>-i«. 
 ousarmyis now routed by the Corquer'd party, and the Confull carries away captive that Ge- 
 neral by whom he was^ formerly himfelfe (hameflilly beaten , which was a pleafing fpeftacle to. 
 the Romans, and a great Ornament to his Triumph , which by the ready good-will of the Peo- 
 ple he made into the City the next yeare. VVhile the falrii thus order'd things in Samninm^ 
 the other Confull D. BrHtus{vihoie Province was among the Fali(ci)hz^ the like happy fuccefs : Zcmrss 
 For being affifted hy Sp. CarviltHs h\s Legate (for 'twas thought fit to joyne a Legate alfo with 
 him, a man as skilful in war, fo one that had experience of the Enemy, againftvvhom lart year 
 he did fourtunately mannage affaires) he did waft no fmall of the Rcfidue of Etruria , and o- 
 vercame in a fet battel the Falifci daring to encounter with him. Thefe newes being brought to 
 if ';OTf, when the time of Conveneing the Senate was come ^ and it feemed not fit for the Com- 
 mon-wealth to withdraw the Confulls from their charges , an Interres^num was agreed upon j . 
 The Regent L. Pojihumius Mfgclhif, in a Court of his own holdmg, was himfelf declared Con- *'^'" * 
 full i a precedent till that day unhcar'dof, unlefs in the Perfon oi Afpins Clauiius, which never- lj^ 
 theleffe no good man approved. But Tofiumiw behaved himfelf in his Magiftracy with as much From the 
 arropance as he afTum'd it ^ Being vainly puff't up with the Nobility of his Extraftion, and this Foundstion of 
 his third Confulftiip, he did utterly defpil'e his Colleague for this year, C. Junius B>ut»sns '*'' ^''Y ^61. 
 one much below him, being but a Plebeian. When the Provinces came to be difputed on, he ^S^' *'"*'' 
 would not fuffer'Sr«/«/ to be compared with him. norlots tobecaft- out of all Order claim- 
 ing the Adminiftrarion of the Sammtick warreas his Due, infomuch as according to his own fay- L>v- 944. «nd 
 ing, he h^tti in his /\Va former Confuljhips done great things againji that Efiemj. The bufinefs ^°-ii- 
 being canvaf'd with much contention in the Senate, whenC. y«»i«/ perceived he was not able to suida in Poft' 
 maintaine his Right againft the Grace and Power of hisColleague.didat kngih declare he would bum. 
 de/i(l, left hy the dtfcord of the Confulls the Publick^ good might be hindred. The Peftilence 
 did ftill continually rage both in City and Countrey, for which having tried all remedies now for ^^^ ^^^ 
 three yeares, they could not either with their divine or humane applications allay it. VVhercfore , ^ ^ ' 
 confulting either with the books of the Sjhills or the Oracle of Delphos ( for this alfo is repor- ovii Mctmcf. 
 ted) they fent Ten Ambaftadours to fetch z^fculapius to Rome from Epidaurus where it is faid if. 
 
 he was borne i For though the Anfwer were doubtful, neither could the Fathers forefeethe PiuU^ia.B.u 
 
 A 2 event
 
 The Supplement of Livie, Book L 
 
 event of things, they thought fit to obey the Gods who would themfelves open a way for their 
 fortunes to proceed by. A very ftrange thing then fell out, but of moft undoubted truth, by rea- 
 fon of the fincerity of fo many Authors affirming it, as likewife appeares by the ftrudure of the 
 VaI Mtxlmus. Chappel in Tibn^ then erefted and confecrated; When the Roman Embafladours had de- 
 livered their Meflage, the Epidaurians entertain'd them kindly, but becaufe it did not appear 
 what was convenient to be granted them, they were conduded to the Temple with liberty to 
 Fluunh. convey away What fhould- feera convenient for their ufe. The Altars of this God among the 
 ^^^ • Crucians was mcft commonly in open and high Places;the Efidmrians alfo five miles from theic 
 
 ^ * City had a Temple of greateft Fame in thofe dayes, and very rich by the gifts of men who belie? 
 
 Lrw,4^l8. ved their health to proceed from thence •, Being brought hither , while they ftand in admiration 
 Pi'.i{M Auth.de of the Largenefs of the Statue which was cut by the excellent skill of Thrafjmedes the Parian ; 
 xiris iUiiit.c.zz^ Behold an huge Serpent creeping out of a fecret place fills all their mindes with horrour and De- 
 votion: For the Prieftswith great veneration cryed out , TheGod himfelfe is in this Snak.e, 
 u^il'^iTu ^"^ ^eing fcmetimes feen in this jhafe, it alwayes imports a good and halthfHl Omen. Two daye* 
 i.'/i. ' was he feen in the Temple and then again withdrew himfelf; the third day through the midft of 
 
 the throng of Speftatours and Adorers he went direSly to the Port where the Roman vefle| 
 tivEpit.w. attended them •, and entring into the Ship,he rolls himfelf up according to his fpiral manner,in 
 the Cabbin of J^ Ogulnius Prefident of the Embafly. There is an antient ftory that th 
 VM\in. 1^^^ zy£[culeifius having affumsd the forme of a Serpent rvas carried from Efidaurus to Sicj/ott 
 
 by a loake of Mules .^ one Nicagera, the vife of Echetimns driving the rvaine. 
 
 The Romans rejoyceing at the good Omen, as having the God himfelf prefent among them I 
 hoifed fail , and in a few dayes with a profperous Voyage , crofled the Seas and arrived at «^«- 
 tium ; where the Sea being troublefome , and their navigations hindred -, the ferpent which had 
 »AuUM virh kept it felf ftill and quiet all the voyage, creeping out the Ship , glided to the Porch of the moft 
 Jiiulf. eminent Church in that City , and there abode three whole dayes together : The Romans 
 
 yaiMaximus. '^^^^^ fearing they ftiould never draw him from thence , feeing he had not in fo long time return- 
 ed to hiswonted fuftenance -, but at length Mving regained,him with much cheerfulnefs they con- 
 veyed him to Rime: The whole City ran out to the light of fo incredible a wonder; on the 
 Ovid. banks of the river as he paffed by many altars were erefted,incenfe and fweet odours prepared, and 
 
 fa'crih'ces flain. They were now juft come to that place , where Tibura. little dividing it felf, 
 fuffercth an /^<j»^ to appear in the midft of it-, when the Serpent forfaking the Ship betakes 
 Suetonin Qiu- himfelf into that Ifland by fwiming, and was not afterwards any more fcen by man ; hence was 
 die.c.15. the place caird the //Z4«^ of a^/c«/,«pj;«. The Fathers all agreeing that the Gods bad chofen 
 that place, decreed a Temple to be there ereSed to ^sy^fcuiap-ins. The ficknefs whether by 
 TnhmirmoHi jhis remedy ,or that it had otherwife run its fall courfe did faddenly ceafe ^ the Temple was quick- 
 '^ImUmTim- 'i' '"'"'^'i^'' with many extraordinary offerings , and its renown wonderfully fpread abroad by 
 *7/i/V«/i " thofe who profefttohave received help in their difeafes from th;= God. L.Tofthumitts the 
 Conful carried the fame pride with him into hi» rrovmce which he had exerciPd againft faisCoI- 
 Dlony. ipiti Vn- league at home : For whereas ^ Fabius G urges , the laft years Conful, did by order from the 
 Us. Senate mannage affairs in Samnium as ProcoDful:Pc/?/!«w/«/ arrogantly writes to him command- 
 
 ing him to depart the Province , in as much as himfelf was fuificient to wage that War. Fa- 
 'hins anfwering wich the Dercee of the Fathers, and that it was not fafe for him to defert a bufi- 
 nefs impofed on him by the Senate ^ the Romans upon this news feared left by the difcord of the 
 Commanders, the Common-wealth would be damnified: Wherefore 'twas thought fit to fend 
 Legate; to the Conful , to defire in the Senates name that Fahius might be fuffer'd to continue 
 TJicn tfuiVti- with the Army in Sam>iium. Pc/waww having returned an abfurd and broken Anfwer; ad- 
 lefium. (Jed wichall a fpeech of fingular impudence : That during his Confuljhip , he was not obliged to 
 
 cbcy the Senate, hut they him ^ and that his adiions might correfpond with his words, forthwith 
 difmiffing the Legates, he marchethwith his Army to Cominium^ which City frf^/W/ did then 
 befiege ; refolving (if by no other means he could) by fight to remove his Rival : The Roman 
 I Armes had afforded the enemy a foul fpeSacle, \( Fabius had refilled with the fame he was af- 
 faulted ; but he being be: ter tempered both by nature and his Fathers documents departed the 
 Province, having profeft fi^? he yeildednot to the Confttls fury , but to the good of theCommon- 
 ivtalth. Pojfhumiui in a few dayes reduced Ccw»W«w, whence leading his Army to ^f »«//<« , 
 and taking that alfo, he carried about the War to other Towns ^ many whereof partly by force, 
 pardy by treaty were brought under bis power. In this Expedition ten thoufand of the ene- 
 mies were flain , fix thoufand two hundred cafting down their arms, yeilding themfelves to the 
 mercy of the conquerours. The Confuls atchieveraents were no way contemptible, but the 
 grace of them were fpoiled by his pride and Infolence : Wherefore when he did by Letters ad- 
 ,vife the Fathers that the City aud Territory of Fi?«»/«4 was very convenient for a Colony therein 
 I to be planted , the counfel indeed was accepted, but without mention madeof the Author of 
 ^the Viftory and the counfels, other men had the conduft of the Colony of twenty thoufand 
 men • for fo I find itin Authors of no fmall credit : A great nutnber indeed dnd sinioft exceed- 
 fJomius {ntyr, ing belief, but that it feems reafonable, that in the midft of Nations, yet unfubdued they fhould 
 >•»• think of placeing a confiderable force , as a double guard both againft the /tpt^Hitns and the Lu- 
 
 caniai.s. Now the flubbornefs of Pofthumins, as belides other grudges and offeiices , it contra- 
 (Jted him much envy, lo it tended much to cncreafe /"rf^/*/ his Favour and good opinion 
 
 — - - ' ,Yith
 
 Inflace o/Livie's Eleventh "Bool^, 
 
 with all men , fo that when he came to the City , and had m^dTreb^ of his perfo^ 
 
 inanccs,h.s tnumph was read.Iy aflented unto. Being now Proconfnl he did on he Cnleni IVZ- 
 
 gufl make h.s tnumph over thofe Sam.ites who'are called Pentri : Old f"^;« followed his Col.rr.nz cpU 
 
 Chanot on horf-back.whom the people beheld, and by their acclamations cknoS' ^0' on/"'"" 
 
 ly an All.ihnt but the author of the V.ftory. He accumulated all the p orSof he entemnze Piuunf, ir ^■ 
 
 upon the peoples Conful ufinghimfelf asthename, fo themodefty of a Ke beho^rhi ^^"'^-"^'^ 
 
 d.ers%hereft.a:dupmtheTreafury,anda^^^^^ 
 
 afterward beheaded : A ftout man he ivas and of worthy memory who irthoilTaves dfd a 
 long t.me fu( am the Roman volencc. gave them many conHderabL Wrth Lf but of -.11 the 
 molt niamctul one at tlie Caudine Spinnies : He was reported to fav rZtTjT'i, r j 
 
 fered,he..i,e.rfr..y. It feems then the fortune of^he Sy^a; noZLtSiZni!^ 
 induftry m Arms, then their mnocencc oFmann^rc . T.,tui ■ "'^'^'•'^\"^'^""^" ") '■'•e'C 
 
 lefsatJhehonour'hadbeengrantedlisRrv'alTeXtthll^I^TaTber^^^^^^^ 
 
 of mmd oppofmg h.s own contumaq- . to the authority of the Fathers d'd b^th L^fpeSl 
 
 the wound of h.s own fp.nt, and imitate thofe imaginations againfthim which ounhtbv mo 
 
 deftyof fpeechand carnage to have been affwaged. *^ Heabftained not Tr^m c^hift aLTnll 
 
 h.. enem.es, nor from reproaches aga.nft the Senate, and to fpitc the Fathers rdftnbuted he 
 
 whole prey among the fould.ers, and disbanded hisarmy before a fucceScoi^d be S h m 
 
 He tnumphed likew.le contrary to the pleafure of the Sen/rp n,h,Vh ""*-""^^'^^""' °^ "5"^ "™- . . . 
 
 feco„dCo„rulfl.,p, I M,evalrefici; ^i^^^mSZi^att'^^^^^^^^ ';^"T'"' 
 
 thors of no mean credit .n Hiftores- Bv thefpHninoc hp -4k. ' j* '"^"J^^^^y^" Pwh/^w. 
 
 hewasno|ooneroutofo^ce.butthetwo^S^^^^^^^^^^ 
 
 lil A^u ^ I """ t'''^""'^ ''"'" '"'« '"' "f^" L'l^om to dhi up a piece ofironnd 
 
 ^r,d detained ther.n,any days ,« this r.orK,m remcmbrin^ they r^le his foJLs This a^vZtd 
 r^ere leav^ed to cnl.r^e the Tuhlicks Land, not to rrsanure his. Being e 'XCff w th tt f. 
 Oimes, and in va.n Ik.v.ng to clear himfelf, he was by the fuffraj'e of all tl JrHhic a 1 
 ksuit was valued to ftandh.min tvvo hundred thouffp,^3^^^^^^^ 
 
 fdtSlvwaft^- ^""' ?^«'^'7^."^"\d ffa^i-^ Confulihips. Eachof'^hefS hiSc^oS Fromchefocn^ 
 try^rrK u"*""' depopulating their grounds, and ruining their Cities and in m.m d.«ionofRomc 
 
 Jet battels having the upper hand ^nmnK.II<./^ rh»r„ -. i l "**""& '•"*^"^ y^\m%., ana .n many r. 
 
 many batrels loft the pri^of thdr yS and^ p 'r ^'V° 1"' ?' ^^f' ^^' ^^^'"S i" fo ^^.^ 2 ,. 
 
 did bytbeir B^^Uffadours fen^Sft to theSnfySr '.''^'f^'^""'^^^ ^''^V ^^"i^^-l^--- 
 
 now th.s fourth time a Leaj;u"L; "kJ^ J ' e^ed ^>h . '^ their leave to Rome , obtain that 
 
 weary with beating, were willing to conclude a dimtuu nud"^"f '\'f '''^^'^ ^^^ ^^^ Romans even ^'"^'fi E?/*. i >: 
 
 ©f a certain peace. I find the war with the Samnit.s to hare begun Xn'c^V'V)^ tranquility 
 
 third time Conful, ^. Cormlius ColTiu being his Colleen.,! iS k u Vr""' "'^^ '^^^ 
 
 ConfuUhips. with various fuccefs con/Led flnly b,Sft;>S.vJ';?, 7f ^T'.f ^ ^^^^ 
 
 both partiesin play with much trouble and veiation ,\vh2l^S/lf tr rm^'^;r'''''V'' ''^''^ '""^••^• 
 
 is uncertain ; as for Ma^ius there is no doubt for his fo tunfh.Jnol tnumphed for this War 
 
 dued other enemies, he Triumphed twi^e mX JlrS S "ST? V^^ ''"^^^"^ 
 
 Nation, now grown wealthy with a long peace whether thev werT m.v./ vh .. ^ ^^''''^' 
 
 compaHio n , and Entreaties of the slLitef-ovThethZ !fl LT r"' "^ ''""" ""''? ^''^P" '-/v/VEffui: 
 
 ferieCwhich (having fwailowed up the." n:^tbourr)t^^'^^^^^^^^^ 
 
 ing put thcr young men into Arms, invaded fome placesLde tLCn T^^^^^^^^^ 
 
 the(e.udC.nV. leadforchh.s Army and thathe^.ghcbo?h"tr^^^^^^^^^^ 
 
 tinet fome taftes of the mifcnes of War he fent narr of hie fnrr.c ^^""'^^"''.S've^iie^rf. 
 
 the,rterr.tor.sw.thmftrud,on.thatrp.adi;gthem"l?:L^mu;;^^^^^^^ 
 
 and vaitationon every place : This ftraight d.d roond.frolvetheformid?be Wof heT 
 
 i^Kes, fcvcral troupes running feveral wayes to the defence of their own fi.Kft.n.i ^ r w 
 
 Conful had an ealie V.ftory over the difperfed forces Tnrh^ p, nL> '"^ "'^ ' '^ ''^^^ ^^^ 
 
 .stheAdriatic,ueSea,gailgthepon-e'i?froffrmuc'^y^^^^^^^^ 
 
 'ing of C«r/«. began to be famous, who (according to tL ge'nius ofTofr^l \ 'y* 
 
 xecejjity haveperiJkJ^ithhHr,.er but that heZdtl/.fJrJ'' '«,f-^'«^^ '%«'«/''/ ^'WJ'-.cjj. 
 -Whi. the ^.Lffued for peacf not o'lft^at ta aff rd theTClIv^ir^/f "'^'''r ^'- -«'- 
 the City, (though without the Vuffrage of the Tribes^ Z ffvL w iZfn nrv .T.f '"' ^ 
 
 xLl:'(^R ''''"'' '^'^''^''^^^^'^^"^"'^) and to S... in (7.//.-.: Neve the eft c^^^^^ 
 
 ^«g thofe Regions were not es yet to fuch a p«rp«fe fuif^cicntly fetlcd,'; think fit rather to enchnc 
 
 Vlorv.!. 
 
 to
 
 The Supplement of Livie, Book I. 
 
 Cicero de Le- 
 gions ?.j. l.t 
 §,?ofF.tlcO.I. 
 Uv.Epit.ii. 
 
 P/««.Nat.Hift. 
 7.41. 
 
 Zomras. 
 
 Vbrus I 
 From the 
 Foundatiaa 
 
 of 
 
 to Other Authors who refer the beginning of thofe Colonies to after-times: But in the City 
 for retraining many villanies and outrages daily committed,there was a new Magiftracy conftitut- 
 ed under the name of Capital Triumvirs, who were appointed Judges and Moderators to take 
 cognizance of offences,to imprifon the guilty.and, when occafion was.to inflid: punifliments. 
 
 The words of the Law in that cafe made by L. 'Papinuf, Tribune of the people, I find to be 
 thefe, Wkofoever JhMl hereafter be Pr^tor to f^ivt Judgment among the Citizens, let him require 
 of the people three Capital men, and thefe three men, whoever fiafl be chofen, let them extiEl facra- 
 ntents, let them ■judge, let them be of equal authoritj, ashy the Laws and decrees of the people 
 they ought to ExaEi, to fudge, and to Be. In which claufe commiflion is likewife given of re- 
 quiring Mulds or Fmes, for in thofe daycs that piece of mony which was disburfed by way of 
 punifhment, was called a Sacrament, becaufe (the publick facrifices being maay , and the Treafu* 
 ry but low) it was deftin'd to be expended in facrifices. 
 
 Of the Taxes that year, there is no other memory left, but that two hundred feventy three 
 thoufand Citizens were rated. That this years Cenfors did likewife choofe ^. Fabius Maxi- 
 mus Prince of the Senate , there is a likely conjefture , which is otherwife confirmed, for that 
 honour did conftantly remain in three of that Family (ucceflivcly -, as for example, Maximns 
 received it from Ambujius his father, and tranfmitted it to his fon purges. While affairs were 
 in a good Hate abroad.they were troubled with difcord and fedition at home. The Comminalty 
 being far in debt required a general difcharge by publick authority for all debts and bonds paffed 
 aforetime, without any fatisfaftion ; this was an old divice, and for two hundred years and up- 
 wards varioufly agitated, even as any turbulent Tribune fhould exafperate them, or the Extor- 
 tion of Ufurers move their i.ndignation. Under the former Confuls, the fear either of the Pefti- 
 lence or the Enemy did fmother thefe contentions in fome meafurc ; but ^ Marcius Tnmulut 
 and P. Cornelius ^Arvinahe'ingConMs, and the year enfuing M.Claudius MarceHus, and 
 RmtliK^^s ^. ^'«»^'«i ^*'»V«x bearing office, they broke out moft violently, for the a ppcafing whereof, 
 more then for any other occafion, a Diftator was created, whom I take to be Apfius Claudiw, 
 who was afterwards firnamcd C<«f«/ , in as much as ampng ancient monuments I find him ta 
 have been DiSator. 
 Txb. Mtmorei ^efides the harflineft of unconfcionable u'fury, the villanous luft of C. Plotius added fire to 
 Bfadoni'pbrium the peoples minds now already hotly difpofed, caufing them the fooner and more vehemently to 
 infaftos. break out into flame. T.Veturius ( the fon of that r«f«r»«/ who being Conful was dclive^ 
 Vd.Mtximus redupto the Samnites for an unworthy League made with them) by reafon of his domeflicJs 
 calamities, overcharged with debt and not able to pay, was forced to yield himfelf flave to Plo- 
 tius, patiently performing all fervile duties. P/«f»«j not content to have reduced to this bafe 
 condition a young man of excellent Beauty, of a Confular Family, and likewife of great hopes,' 
 did moreover attempt to corrupt his Chaftity, having before deprived fiim Hoth of Eftate and 
 Liberty. 
 
 But Veturius difdaining and r^foivcing to luffer any thing rather then commit fo horrid a 
 wickcdiicr»,was with mol^ grievous flripes tormented, whereupon he tbruft himfelf forth into 
 the publick, and being by the multitude conduced to the Conful's Tribunal, he complains of the 
 cruelty and luft of his Creditor,fhewing withal the bunches and frefli marks of the lafhes. The 
 Confuh therefore judging it a bufinefs not to be negleded, informed the Senate thereof, where 
 upon fentence paft,P/of«»/ was condemned to prifon , and by a Law in that cafeeftablifhed , All 
 men whofoever through the whole City had bound themfelves flaves for debt, were fet at liber- 
 ty. I am not ignorant that inftead of 7". feturius fome Authors make mention of Publius 
 the fon of a Colonel, who was one cf the contrivers of the Caudine peace. Forty years be- 
 fore this , for the like caufc, was a Law made for the annulling fuch Indentures -, neverthelefs the 
 Ufurers growing fo hard-hearted, and the former Law, by the patience of Debtors (refufing 
 nothing in the midft of their penurie) being by degrees neglefted, 'twas though fit they fhould 
 be admonifhed by fo frefh an example to provide more full and diligent caution for the future. 
 But the people defiring to be freed not only from their Indentures, but from the Extortion of 
 Ufe mony,were not fatisfied with that Law though favourable to their revengeful minds. And(as 
 in fome more accute difeafes,the pain is rather intended by a gentle application of medecines then 
 remitted) not long after the matter was fo Exulceratcd, that when the Tribunes of the people 
 with their greateft endeavours contended for a Law concerning Letters of Proteftion from Cre- 
 ditors, and that the Creditors did with equal force and animofity rcfift : The Commonalty after 
 the example of their Anceftors, quitting the City, retired crofs the water to Mount faniculu^ , 
 refolving never, without obtaining their requeft, torcturn to their own houfhold-Cods. The 
 FounJaion of Confuls finding little remedy againft this combuftion ( M. Valerius Petitus, and C. ty£li»t P<e- 
 Rsme^sr f^f are thought then to be Confuls) they were fain to flie to the laft refuge in diftreifed times , 
 and create a Diftator, who was ^ Hortenfius •, he applying what the Time and the Caufe feem- 
 ed to require, and underftanding the main breach of peace toconfifl: in this. That the people 
 were fenfible of the violation of their Decrees, and the Publilian Law, thought fit to yield to 
 the times, (though many ftrove againfl this opinion) and by a new Law madein theEfculete, 
 P iiLi^.'o ^^ diligently provided. That whatfoever the Commonslty fhould ordain, all the Romans fhould 
 jigcUiM 1 J.17 be obliged unto. With thefe Lenitives the people being reduc'd to concord , and ret*rned to 
 their own houfes, the Diftator, either by the fuddcn force of his difcafe, or overwearied with 
 ^ ' ~ ' ' care 
 
 T>hn. jpud Vi' 
 itfam. 
 
 Diorypui. 
 LivS. 18 
 
 Zonjri/. 
 
 L'u/cEpIt.ii 
 From the
 
 In place of LWits Eleventh^^, 
 
 1_ 
 
 tAuguJiin d« 
 
 nl^ctwSrtwlte^^^ wh.ch had hapncd to none before, ^-..y^i. 
 
 gan.nfenfiblytodecrcafe TnTsStZ?^^^^^ the Dignity of the Empire be- Cir.DcL 
 
 proceedings of Ambitious men^nd vet ear^eftTn'"' " v a""^ ^""'"^r^ ^^ainft the fraudulent 
 motions, and decreed many thbestendmrtorhe^fe'"'^'". T' l^^^^^'^' ^^^^P^*^^ «f ^"V 
 the very Foundation. TSfr SSo'ho^^ ".^ ^^= J"''"^''. ^"<1 at laft ilruck a? 
 
 feemg the vulgar, ,f their ow'npnSuf^nefJ^^^^^^^^^ the guidance of affair,, 
 
 an higher nsture not to DrovolTe rh^m , '"^" P'^o"^'' "'ri>\ Seldom meddle with things of 
 
 cerningfufferages, which the Fitherc rnrh.Z ]^ Tu "^^''^^^ was the Law made con- 
 
 rize. For hither oThadSed^^^^ ^""^ •^"''^^^ ^^^^ f^'" ^o autho- Lii.V ...7 
 
 unlcft the Senate afl-LtedCunl"''"'''^""y'"'S'ftracy by the peoples rotes , C«^« P-k 
 
 JtSo^ntsrct'tr'^^^^ 
 
 having power to do fo BntTh^n ^ • rU^'l' ^*'"""^«. y« they were al wayes feared a 
 
 ritywi^n^uchaugmLd bu^^^^^^ 
 
 weaknM « \P , r ' u Lr. wnollomc, and honourab e feveritv of the Srnire mnrh f'^*"Min 
 
 weaKned J^, HortenftHs the Didator being dead fomc reoort anorhJ; „?« k c ■ T A^al.Rom. 
 
 fou^d of wag hg war w h thi Luca^n thn^"'"'" ^'S'^^^' ^^"^ "'^^ ^^'^'^^^ «^"fio" 
 
 JnJuriescomptlle^dthe^hurinesC^^^^^^^^^^^^ neighbours , had by many 
 
 fclves to the Roman Proteftion-And r i/ ^i t ( "^ "^ ^7"' ^^""^ '^ ^"a^^^ them- 
 
 nians, the people dec eeSicAefr;^^^^^^^ propounding a Waragainft the Luca, ..„. ,, g 
 
 place things performed the memoLtXr?'''! Tl '^"^" '"'« ^^^ ^'=''1. and in each ^^""^''^ 
 
 penfted. iVnSestfbwedon r T^^ with the Annals of thofe who wrote them, is 
 
 the Confulfhipof CCi^^u7ciZa\^M 'i'v' "^ ^T"" ""^u^'^^- ^"t follow. 
 
 thing is delivered to poHerX Ltrh' vf ^- ^'^'{'"^ -^'/"^«^ . whereof no memorable ... 
 
 beini There »aTfo3oJdan^ ^'^ ''"""'.^" 7"^ ^"" ^<> ''^-^ »>«" ft'ii '" ''' 
 
 referred to one of his fou/TrTumpb?S ^"""•'"^' *'''^^'* '^^' ^"^^^ 
 
 able flaugh'ir , 'fo" Twar^w sToTaTiZ"//"!;^"^^^^ ""^ ^""''^'^ "''^^ ^ ^^^V -nfi<l«- 
 often wa^rrc and often peace i^rh T r ^"? '^* ^^"""'^ =» P^^P^e o^ ^-^/^m- They had 
 
 of^«r/«.., where!"SXYitA?;,fJ J"^T' ^^^'-^f^^'^ ^^ft overthrow in the fields P./,K * 
 men were flainc. had lien ftill for almoftte?yeares"lo.S ^T^l ^^'J' ^^^^ «f ^hcir Uvic 10 i, 
 to be hired by the Etrufcans againft the R^rmTn/. t nC^'ar't S ?"^ ^'^"'^ T" 
 greater power then they had ufually done thev BefiePed ^J m^ . '^"■*"'''* ♦ ^"h a l'./,W«/. 
 
 fore this requefted a leaW with th? Romanswffi^^^^ 
 a Truce, whole Terme was not vet exnired Rnr herpin a^ r\ u X , "^^^^helefle obtamc 
 
 becaufetheRomansalwayesthrughtrmiefy'ot^^^^^^^^ 
 
 fore fending EmbafTadour, to rL they craved a/nihnce a^a mil th. nm ' ''"^"•Where- 
 mean time the yearc was gone about wherein C W.L^^^^^^ ^^" '^^ , , 
 «.wereConfuU mftead of C..7,«, fome annals mentioncI^^'^B^tr^^ ' 
 the Catlianfamily is thought not to haveatrameH rh-r-«„fMi 1 ^""^ ^"^ '^"^'^ Nobility of 
 foundation of the City fix hundred and fixtic ^° '" "^'^"'^y '*" ^''^ J"^*^ ^^'>^' he 
 
 BOOf4
 
 ^ 
 
 The Supplement of Livie, Book I. 
 
 
 
 ^• 
 
 !^r^ 
 
 B O O Ki II 
 
 470. 
 
 FMjut 
 
 MiTltmsScotus 
 
 CormltHs DoUhelU , and C». Demitius Calvinus being Confuls , when 
 the Terrour of the Gallique warre began again to move it felfe, and news 
 was brought that many of the Tufcans had joyned forces with the Se- 
 nones, the Fathers thought the Danger of the Aretines a thing not 
 to be negleftcd by them : And becaule they could neither recall DoU- 
 hella from the Volfinians , nor Domititts out of Lucania without great 
 hindrance to their affaires, Thel'a.thers ordain L. Coecilius Metellus r /t« 
 i'a/i jeares Confull, and now Prator^ with all hafie t» Leavj an army, and 
 jittUttus d ^"'^^ *^' fi"^'' f Arctium ^ Ncverthelefs left the warre Ihould feem to 
 
 F«/w«OT »r^- be raflily undertaken , they thought fit to fend Embaffadours before, to Declare that Arctium, - 
 num. Vf as under the Roman ProteHion, and that the Gaules heing in League Vf it h thernVfoulddemore^ 
 
 i*ifilj,if they rvculd not lead their Army againfi their Friends and Companions. The meflagc 
 being proclaim'd among theSenones, Britomaris a fierce young man of the Royall Blood, 
 whofe Father had been (lain by the Romans amongft the Etrurian auxiliaries , burning with de- 
 fire of Revenge, caufed not only the men, but the Enfignes of their facred Office to be hewne and 
 torne in Pieces. The Rumour of fo horrid a fad being related in Rome and in the Camp of 
 Ddabtlla, their mindes were vehemently incenfed, and warre proclaim'd againft theSenones ; 
 and Z)o/<«^<//(i forthwith leaving the Etrurians, marcheth with his Army through theSabines, 
 and Picenians territorys with very long journeys into the Countrey of the Senones , who terrifi- 
 ed with this fudden Invafion, now in the abfcnce of their main ftrength ,' taking the field with a 
 fmall and inconfiderable body were eafily routed and overcome. The Confull giving the Ene- 
 my no Breath, BurnesuphisTownes,demoli(heth his Buildings, wafteth the whole land, and 
 having flain the youth and carried away the weaker n=.«icitudc of Women and Children,left very 
 little figne that ever rhat Councrcy had been inhabited by Mankind. "Britomaris himftlfe being 
 taken and puniflied with various and cxquifite Torments waS referved for the Triumph. At the 
 fame time things fucceeded not fo profperoufly at Arctium ; For L. Cacilius Meteltus had ill 
 fortune in his fight before the Town with the Senones and Etrurians, fevenColonells with many 
 other men of Note, together with the Frrff or himfelf were flain, and of their Legions and Aux- 
 illiaries about Thirteen Thoufand were wanting. 
 
 But the Joy for this viftory prevailed not fo much with the Gaules , as forrow and Confter- 
 nation for the Lamentable Defolation of their Country ; Wherefore gathering together alt 
 their Country men then inArraesin Etruria , full of Grief and Anger, void of counfell and 
 hope-, having no habitation whereto to be received at home, ("I know not what Fate drawing 
 them to their deftrudion) in a heat of Refolution they drive toward i?o>w« , thus Computing, 
 That there is no other way to recommence the defolation of their own Countrey , hut iy forcing the 
 Romans to fee the Uke'Rj'ine of their City ; That their Spirits and Farces were ne^ no whit in- 
 feriour to ^ nor the caufeef their March from ^retium of lefs importance^ then that of their 
 jinccjionrs n>ho matched from Clufiumof the fame Etruria and took^ Rome'. With the like 
 fpeeches ihcenfing themfelves theyRuflion, by nature impatient of Delay, andnowhafty in 
 their Counfels,that they might overwhelme their Enemies unawares ^ But travelling through 
 Aff'i^. an Enemies Councrcy, they met with many obftades, fo that the Romans had Leifure to provide 
 
 againft this Fury. At length wandring through unknown and unfriendly places, guided by no 
 certaineLine, they light upon Oo>»«f»«.f the Confull, and immediately joyne Battell with him ; 
 But their unhappy ralhnefs confounded both their Reafon andDifcipline: many being flaine in 
 Battel, the Refidue growing mad with Rage and defpaire flieathed in their own Bowells, thofe 
 weapons they had in vain drawn againft the Enemy. Infomuch as fo fudden and vehement a 
 Judgement overtook a late moft flourifliing People for their villanyin murthering Embaffa- 
 dours, that in the fpace of few months they were totally cutoff, and ceafed anymore to be 
 numbred am«ng Nations, whofe laws they had violated and Tranfgreffed : For even the fmall 
 Remnant of the Senones who had betaken themfelves to their Neighbours,andKinrmcn the 'Boii^ 
 were the next year by Dotahella the Confull with an univerfal flaughter clean fwept away. 
 I J. For whereas the Boians and Etrurians were involv'd in thefc late difafters,and poflelTed with fear 
 of the fame Calamicics,they were at the Lake called Vadimonis in a fet Battell overcome,many of 
 the Etrurians flain, few of the Boians efcapcd, the very name of the Senones fo utterly extinA, 
 
 - - that 
 
 Liv'teEpit.ti, 
 jlpfitn 
 
 Vionit ipu-l 
 Fdvitum Ut§i- 
 vum. 
 Aff'un. 
 
 Hi ft. 
 
 Afj/ctH. I.TJ. 
 
 'Ftlybius. 
 Aug.de civ. 
 T>ei. 5.17. 
 Orofms J. ti. 
 
 VUrm. I. 
 Poljl'mt.
 
 In jjlace of Livie's Txpelfth ^ooJ^ p 
 
 that there is not thought to be left alive one Man of that Nation which had fet ^cwf on fire, 
 About this time I think it more probable that the Colony was planted in Se»a, the Romans p'*"f^" 
 having now an entire pofTefllon of their Countrey , and quite' taken away their Name out of ".''/"' 
 that part of Italj. Neverthelefs the Etrurians and the Boians next year recruiting their army '''""'• 
 with young men now grown up, ventred once more totry the Fortune of a Batteil. Then it ^"hbiur. 
 was I believe by S^ !^milins Pjpus that they were beaten, for his and C. Fubricius hisfirft 471. 
 Confulfliip hapned that year, and 'tis certain the Province of Etrtiri:tk\\ 10 PapHs by Lot. 
 But in mod Annalls yet extant, the Memory of thcfe Tranfaftions is fwajlowed up by the Inter- ^'""'f- 'P"<1 • 
 veningof greater matters. For whereas the Romans had by fo many continuall fights and ^aw"""" 
 riftones very mightily encreafed their Virtue and Power, all the free Cities and Nations in 
 Jia/j being brought into feare, confpired in a great and moft dangerous warre • ioynmg together 
 all their Counfells and forces as againft a Common Enemy, and Plunderer. Neither thought , • - ^ • m, 
 they fit^y longer todeferre their Defigne , while now the Remnant of the Boians and Etruri- '^"^f"' '*' 
 ans fufficed to diftraft the Roman Powers. And firft of all the Samnites, again breaking their 
 league and openly joyning force with the Lucanians and Brutians.commenced the Warre. But 
 thefe were overcome hy C. Fabricius in many pitch'd fields • efpecially in one mofl remarkable p.- ■ 
 when they joyn'd batteil neer the Cky of the Thurines, which Statins Statilius had again raLMtxi's 
 ftreightly befieged •, where the Enemy was with a very great flaughter beaten, and their Camp 
 likewife forced and taken. It is reported that while the camp was ftrenuoufly defended , A 
 young man of large proportion of Body was feen to bring Ladders to the works, whereby the 
 Romans being animated obtained a complete vidory. Twenty Thoufand are faid to be flain in ^^ •„ 
 the fight and in the Camp , Five thoufand together with the General taken Prifoners, and twen- M^neUiu! 14. 
 ty Colours, The next day the Confull refolving to reward thofe whofe valour had been emi- m. fj/Afjx/J 
 nent,and promifing a Corona V a ti. a kis to him who firft entred the Enemies C'^mp.Akcrdt- ""*'• 
 ligent Enquiry made after the man, the fouldier was not to befound(iffobehewereafouldier) •^'"""'"'•^'"'- 
 who would claime this Honour -, *Twai therefore believed and voiced abroad that Mars vas '^J'^ix 
 the tyiuthir of this feat , and the Caufeof Viilorj -^ And by the Confull's order fupplication was 
 made unio him, which the fouldicrs with Laurells on their heads performed with great Joy and 
 Gladnels. The Tarentincs had not as yet aflifted the Accomplices with any open aid j foe 
 though they were the principal Authors of the Confederacy , yet they thought it wifer to let 
 the Roman forces be provoked and the Fortune of warre tried with other men's danger then 
 their own. But this Diffimulation ferved not their purpofe , for a meer accident provoking the 
 Rarfhncfs of the Gitidy rabble betrayed all their Counfels. Even at this Time , that part of 
 ^e Italian fhore , after the Manner of the Graccians ( by whom Tarentut and mofl: of the 
 other Cities were builded)did exceffively delight themfelves with fights, and ftage playes: 
 The Tarentines above others were moft Luxurious in this kind , infomuch as it is faid they had ^"^^o-^- 
 moreFeafts and SoUmn Playes then Dayes in the Yeare. It hapned they were then fet at their 
 fports in the greater Theatre by the Haven fide , whenZ. Valerius (-fome hyCorneUus) one JlT,!' 4 
 oftheAdmirallsof the feas was defcryed entnng the H,ven with ten Roman VelTels - AFatall F^LwTrJ- 
 Errour to both Parties •, For the Romans ignorant of all things betook themfelves thither as "«»». 
 tea friendly and amicable fliore • the Tarentines on the other fideConfcious of their own Pri- ^'""f-"- 
 vy praAifes interpreted this Navy to be fent with an hoftile Intention. There was then prefent ^ • 
 one Philocharii whom for his loofe Converfation the Citizens call'd Thaii ^ He mentioning the ^^"^''' 
 articles of fome former Leagues , faid it was not lawful for the Romans to faile paft the Pro- 
 montory of Lacinium , that therefore thej fhtnld ^t out and meet the foole-hardj Harharians 
 and fttpprefs their Pride with a Mifchiefe. The giddy Rout befotted with continual drinkings 
 manifeft their affent by Acclamation, fo that one Icandalous perfons opinion in a matter of fo 
 great importance was generally received , and without further Confideration they take up 
 armes, and afTault the Ships : The Romans as not dreamingof any fuch Encounter, being ut- tlorus 
 terly unprepar'd to fight, betook themfelves to flight. The Tarentines fwiftly purfuing , Five z)/oji. apuj 
 (hipsonelymide their Efcape • as many being hemm'd about were brought into the haven, Fuhium. 
 whereof Foure with the /?iiw/r.«/if were drown'd and one taken-, TheMen, as manyas wereof ■^fP''*"'- 
 age and ftrength fit for Warre, were (laine, the reft made flavei. Prefently with the fame va- ^"'^"" <•*• 
 nity -they wage warre againrt the Thurines, accufing them , That the Romans came into thefe Zcnarus 
 farts by their meanes , who though thejwereCracians ^ had jet in the time of their Jiftrefs cho- ■^f^'^^' 
 fen a Barbarous Nation to be their T^roteSier , rather then the Tarentines their Neighbors and 
 Kinfmen. The City is taken and plundred, the Chief men cart out and banifh'd , and the Ro- 
 man Garrifon compounding for their own fafety are difmifled. The Romans hearing the ^w- 
 Newes, were according to the Greatnefs of the Injury mofl exceedingly incenf'd, yet thought it 
 not convenient at that feafon p undertake a new warre: An EmbafTy was decreed to com- 
 plain of the Outrage , and inflruftion was given the Legates to Require, That the Captives j.^'^'' 
 fi> uU he fet at Liberty, the Thurines goods or the juji value of them Jhouid be reftcr'd, the Ex- Jllii^jl" 
 ties CAli'd back^, and the /Authors of the(e Mifdemeanours deliver' d into the han is of rhe Romans. 
 The Tarentines according to the Greeke Cuftome were wont to alTemble their People together 
 in the Theatre ; whether the Embaffadours being with much Difficulty admitted , they rind a l>'0»pud. ;:. 
 Rabble-rout totally dcbauch't with Drunkenncfs and Idlenefs , for this likewife was a great Ho- '"'• "r/f""*- 
 iy-day w.ch the Tarentines, There when L. Pofthumiht the prince Legate beg'.n to dc«lare his 
 
 B Mcffage
 
 10 
 
 The Supplement of Livie, Book 1 1. 
 
 T>my\. npui 
 Fulviam 
 Vrfmum. 
 Vioryfttis. 
 
 apud Fluvium 
 Vrfmum, 
 Futcriiu 
 Maximus i,i.^ 
 
 Dion. 
 
 Dion. 
 Zoniris. 
 
 472 
 
 Afpian 
 
 Dim. 
 
 j4ppim 
 Zonins, 
 
 Edot;. fx 
 
 Vidorih.ii 
 
 Flirusi.ti 
 
 mefTage, be was entertained with fuch mocks and feoffs of the wanton multitude, that he carried 
 home greater caufes of hatred then he came to complain of For they had him in fuch con- 
 tempt, that not regarding any thing eife he fpoke; when, as being a Roman, he chanced to pro- 
 nounce any word not fo exaftly according to the Greek manner, the whole company would burft 
 out into laughter, crying out upon him and reviling him as a Barbarian, they jear'd and flout- 
 ed at the Habit of the EmbafTadorSjfor they came in their gowns, and at laft fairly thriill them 
 out of doors, invainclaimingthepriviledgeof the Laws of Nations. Now, what isfcarcefic 
 tobefpoken, but may prove of good example to curb the infclencs of popular licenfe, it is re- 
 ported. That a* the Embafladorsprefled through the croud of the Tarentines out of the Theatre, 
 a certain Buffoon, one Philoy.ides (for in this the Tarentines were beholding to the r good man- 
 ners, the Names of their Jefters were recorded in their Annals, though their Princes were for- 
 gotten) likean impudent Dog, pifTd upon the facred Vcftments of the Embafladors. This 
 might feem the crime of one only mad furious fellow, but that forthwith the whole dtunkcn 
 fociety did own it, and the whole Theatre refoundcd with laughter, and clappings of tifc hands, 
 as approving the fad. Poflhumiiu lifting up his voice, fVe accept this, O men, Ojefter (faith 
 he) fentigye heflo'dotloofe things upon us i»e required not at jour hands- And when he turned 
 himfelf to the multitude (hewing his defiled garment, they renew'd their laughter,^ and began to 
 dance, finging fcurnlous and reproachful Verfes againft the people of iJowe, wherefore Pojiumim 
 again crying out. Laugh o«, laithhe, laugh en, Tarentines, Vi>hile ye may, for hereafter ye fhaU 
 "ieeeffufficientlj : Whereat the Tarentines being nettled. Nay, faith he, to vex jou the more , 1 
 tell you before hand, this garment P}aUccfi you much bloeh the wafhing. After this, receiving no 
 Other anfwer, they failed home. Now at Rome, L.tALmiUtu Barhula, and ^Marcim 
 Philippus, had begun their Confulftiip, by whom the Senate being convened, and the Robe de- 
 filed, as it was, being ftiewM by the Embaltadors, who declared to the Fathers the whole ferics 
 of affronts and indignities heaped on them by the Tarentines : Their fpirits were in an high man- 
 ner incenfed, and not fo much as any fcruple made of vindicating their reproach by Arms. But 
 becaufe they had already to deal with fo many mighty Nations, they could not refolve whether 
 now immediately, or hereafter to fend an Army againft the Tarentines, and the debate continu- 
 ed many dayes even from morning till night : Some were of opinion , That nothing 4houU ht 
 enterpriz.ed before the ether Cities, at leajf thofe neitr Taretitus viere reduced; others contended, 
 That the war fhould incontinently be commenced ; at laft, numbring their votes, it was decreed , 
 That the bufinefs of the Tarentine war fhould be referr'd to the people. 
 
 The people with an unanimous confent agreed upon the War, and accordingly letters were 
 fentto t/£w»/««j the Conful, who was then gone to the Army into Samnium, That omitting 
 all things at prefent, he fhould pitch his Camp in the Tarentine Fields, and, unlefs he could pr^ 
 cure fatisfaBion for the injuries received, that he fhould profecute them with ajufiandhotj jVar. 
 The Tarentines perceiving they had now no longer to deal with a few unarmed men, but a 
 juftand well order'd Army, rouzing themfelves out of their accufton^'dfottiflinefs, began feri- 
 ouflyto enter into counfel, what was tobedon^j co accept ot the war was dangerous, to do 
 what the Romans requi««i in facisfaCtion was bafe, and to avoide both impoflible ; While rheic 
 opinions were thus doubtful, one among the reft flood up and faid, ' Why do we thus, O Taren- 
 ^ tines, waft the time in vain altercations ? the times are come which recjuire Deeds rather then 
 'Words, which that they may be order'd to the publick benefit, there is need of free Speech 
 ' and fincere Counfel. Neither am I much rjioved that heretofore , by a ftrange difeafe incident 
 •to Free Cities, ye have been delighted with flattering and fugar'd Orations, thoughof ill con- 
 
 • fequence, becaufe then, asin timeof Profperity, ye regarded not much what mainly tended 
 ' to the good of the Commonwealth : But now the Roman Army is upon our Borders, and the 
 ■* fear of the enemy before our Gates, and this is fuflicient to mftruft us to prefer what is Pro- 
 'fitable before what is Pleafing. Neither would I have you fo interpret me, as if I flood up to 
 ' hit you in the teeth with paftmifdcmeanorsj for unfeafonably to objeft old crimes is the pare 
 ' of an enemy, and one who wantonly infultsover others infirmities : And an honefl man that is 
 ' careful of the common fafety, will hide and excufe the faults of his City, unlefle the remcm- 
 ' brancc of them be of concernment to the avoiding fome publick Calamity. For feeing we 
 
 • are buff men, to pretend freedom from all error , would argue too much Pride : But often to 
 ' fall at the fame ftone, and not to grow wifer when the very event plainly chaftifeth our rafli- 
 ' nefs,is not confiftcnt with right rcafon. We have at one man's warning aflaulted and drown'd 
 ' the Roman (hips, and prcfcntly with open war vexed ourKinfmen the Thurines,beCaufe they 
 
 • had rather be proteded by the Romans, then fwallowed up by the Lucanians and Brutians ; 
 ' moreover, we have fuffered (hameful indignities to be Caft on the Roman Embaffadors ; fo 
 ' thata warwemighthaveavoided, a heavy dangerous war we arc not provided for, hath in a 
 •* nioft unlucky time overtaken us. Finally, the Roman Camps are now pitch't in our fields, and 
 ' and we as yet wavering in our coutifel, deliberate flill whether it be fafer to accept a formi- 
 
 • dable war, or make a diflionourable peace. And I would to God at length, that laying afide 
 
 • all felfflatery, and forgetting felf-interefl, and aiming at the publick honour and profit, we 
 ' might freely and truly confult together , there might certainly a way be found of making an 
 'honeftleague, orafafewar. But now I fee you clearly divided into two parts, I may fay fa- 
 *ftions, not taking counfel out of judgment or as the ftate of things require, hue every man 
 
 . ! by-
 
 In place of Livie's Twelfth ^oo\. n 
 
 ' byafTcd by his own inclination. For how comes it to pafs that fo few of the young men. snd 
 
 « poorer fort ftand for peace ? and why do none of the rich and ancient men delirc war ? whit Zotuns 
 
 ' other reafon can be given of fo equal a divifion in the City,but thefe that would fain in quiet reap 
 
 * the commodity of their Lands and Ulury, the other in time of war, hope forcommand and 
 
 * liberty of plunder ? This is an old difeafe amongft us, neither of a long time hath our Com- 
 
 * monwealth wanted fuch men, whocven with the danger and detriment of the City have flu- Diodcm 
 •diedtoincreafe their own private wealth. All which may happily be prevented ( for I muft 
 
 * fpcak what I think at prefent molt conducible) if ye will neither buy peace on fuch bafe condi- 
 
 * cions as fliall infringe the priviledges of a Free City, nor yet truft fingly to your own Forces in 
 
 * fo difficult a war. Our Ancertors have often committed the conduft and command of their yipphn 
 
 * Armies to forreign Leaders : Either ont of Peloponnefm or out oi Sicilii we have fent for stTib.ho(k6 
 f tArcbU<*mntiht^onoi Agtfilansy afterward for C/eonymus^ then presently (or /4gathtic/es. 
 
 ' Even.in our own memory when wc were infefled by our Neighbours, our Fathers made ufe of 
 
 * Jlexander thcEp'\rot: By which means they did not only themfclvcs fucceed profpcroufly , Liv.S.n ' 
 
 * but left tilings in a flouriftiing condition to us. There is at this day the fame friendfliip between 
 ' us and cheEpirots, neither arc they nowleflepotentinan Army and a Commander: And the 
 
 * benefit is frefli in memory, which Pjrrbus received from us, in that with our whole Navy wc 
 
 * afiifled him in his attempt againfl the Corcyrsans. Therefore efteem this not as my counfel , F^«f«i«. book i 
 
 * but as tho counfel of the wifeft men who have heretofore happily governed this Commonwealth, 
 ' which ye ought therefore at leaft to follow, becaufe in the former example you may difccrn 
 'both the reafon and ground, asalfo the iffue and fucceffe of it. And yet otherwife, there may 
 
 * be arguments moft evident and fufficient to the fame purpofe : There is no man amongft us fo 
 
 * fingularly eminent, to whom all the reft will willingly fubmit thcmfelves, and what danger there 
 
 * is in emulation, when we have to do with a fierce and potent Enemy, ye are not ignorant. And 
 ' whofoevet ye fhall make Genera I, either by his too great affedion to peace, or by hisam- 
 
 * bition of carrying on the war, may wrong your affairs; not to fay, that 'tis not fafe to 
 •commit a war into the hands of any ordinary perfonagainil the Romans , an hardy ftoutNa- 
 *tionand inur'd to Arms. Bu: the truth is, which none can doubt of, that Pjrrhus is not by 
 
 * any man exceeded in virtue and experience of Mafliai affairs. But perhaps he will not come ? „, ^■ 
 
 * Certainly, being a man dclirous of aftion, and having no other war at prefent, he will not only p^rrbti xy 
 ' comehimfelf, bus bring a formidable ftrength, and that of no frefh-watcr fouldicrs. And if 
 
 *ye fear his encroachment upon your Liberties, ye may treat with him on fuch conditions as 
 
 * the Commonwealth may be fecur'd. By this means ye may either obtain an honourable peace 
 ' or beftow a glorious one. Though indeed it be not the leaft of my hopes , that the Romans 
 'will rather beforehand deal with us on equal terms then admit of Tyrrkus into Jttily, having 
 
 * heretofore feared a King of much lefTe glory and renown out of the fame Efirus. This counfel 
 prevailed not only fo far. as to make them fee a probable way opened to the publick fafety , but 
 
 likewife the affembly being divided into two contrary opinions , neither part being able to pre- * 
 
 vail over the other, they did all unanimouny concur in this, as Teeming indifferent to both 
 
 fides. 
 
 'Tis reported, when the Rumour was fpread srbout the Citie, that a decree was made for p;„,^ t 
 the invitation of Pyrrhut that one Aletort a coveteous fellow,taking a dry wither'd chapplet upon hrrb9.t'i6, 
 his hcad,after the manner of Drunkards, together with his minftrel, entred the Theatre; the peo- 
 ple according to their idle cuftome, commanded him to fing and his woman to pipe, after a 
 while filence being made , Meto» crys out , Te doe veO , O Tarc»tt»et , i» that ye grant 
 Liberty to them that pleafe , to fing aitd Dance ; for when Pyrrhus once comes into the Citte yft 
 pjall fcarce bt allovr'd n live aft er ot*r owne mind j. The People being fomcwhat moved at this 
 faying, and murmurings and whifperings arifeing ; Thofe who were authors of the injuries 
 againft the Romans (fearing Icflif peacefull Counfels prevailed they fhould be delivered up to 
 punifhment) having chid the people , That they mould jufftr themfelves to be unworthily derided 
 by a ra/hfeUotv, forcibly thruft Meton out of the Theatre ; fo that afterward without contradifti- 
 on the Decree was ratified. But the Roman Conful, hearing nothing from the Tarentincs 
 tending to peace , and underftanding that Embaffadours were fent with prcfents to Pyrrhm , o*"!?*"" 
 fetshimfelf to the War, waftcth their grounds , taketh their Cities fome by force, fome by "^""^'^ 
 compolition , and fills all places with lolTe, andterrour. The Tarentines fend forth forces 20^,4/ 
 to hinder the fpoile, but, after a fharpe conflift , the Romans having the better, the Grac- 
 cians are droven backe into the Citie with great loffe. Then tyEmilius vvithout refiltaBce wafl:- / 
 
 eth and burneth the whole Country round about. The Tarentincs terrified with thefe calamities 
 (like a people, the more infolent in profperity,the more dejected and fearefull in adverfity) fut- 
 mit thcmfclvc? tothe Govermcntof y^gi^ ^ who was a conftant authour of maintaining the 
 Roman friendfliip. Their dcfire and hopes of peace were much augmented by the difcourfe of 
 fome prime men who were difmiffed by the ConfuU , and dedarad hisHumanity , fvith what In- 
 dulgence and candour he entertain'dthafe who were takfn in feveraS places of the Cuuntrie ^ or in 
 thelafi fight. But the confidence of C««^4;f who was now come with Auxiliaries from £^«V«» 
 changed their minds , and erected their fpirits. For Pyrrhns b?ing a man of vaft conceits , and 
 in emulation of Alexander the Great, comprehending large Empires in his fancy , believed now 
 a way to be laid open co accomplilh all his dcfignes, as if the Fac« themfclvcs had invited Iiim. 
 
 B 3 Tis
 
 II 
 
 The Supplement of Livie, Book 1 1. 
 
 jiug.ii..Civ. 
 "Dei. 
 
 Enviai spudCi- 
 ctron.dtDma. 
 ».i6 
 
 •fujiiniu!. 
 Vioiori Eclog 
 bool( iz 
 Zomru 
 
 Zomru. 
 Tlutmb 
 
 Zontras 
 
 ' ris laid he was much confirm'd by the Oracle o(De/phos , whofe words were indeed of an am- 
 biguous (enfe , which yet the Kings ambition did favourably interpret.- For confuting about 
 the War he was now to undertake, Anfwer was made, Pcjfe earn Romanos vincere, that he (houid 
 overcome the Romans, or the Romans him. But I think his chiefe encouragment was from the 
 Tarentine Embfladour who affirm'd , That out ef their own Cities , with the help of the Lkca- 
 r,ia»s, the Miff>tfittni, Sam»ites nrtdotker the confiederats, thej cohU eafdy raife trventy thoufani 
 hor/e and three hnKdredand fifty thostf and foot. With this ftrength, when he ftiould oncehave 
 fuflin.iS.i brought the Romans under fubjedion , he hoped with little painestoattaine theLordfhipof all 
 Itaiy -, then a fliot t cut into Sici/ie would prefent him with an jfland much at difcord and void of 
 a Ruler ftlie families of.^^-jf^cc/f/ being deftr.".yed)and this he thought he might claime by right 
 of Inheritance , as having begotten Children on Lanajfa the daughter oi Agathocla -^ thefe 
 things happily fucceedinghewasrefolv'd tomake War with the Carthaginians. Tisreported 
 that C/«f^.;, a man ofexceilent wifdome, willing to have the King by his own confeflion ac- 
 knowledg chat his immoderate delires. whereby the enjoyment of his prefent felicity was defturb- 
 ed , were inreafon to be reftrained, asked him, fvhat he wottlddoe when he had overcome the Ro- 
 mans ? Pjrrhia then declaring how one v:ftorie would beget another , And -what Jhdl ft'e dee, 
 faies he , whe» all thefe things are accomplifl^'d ? pyhj then , faith Tyrrhns , rve v ill enjoy the 
 fruits of Peace, thebevefi'.of eafe ar.d Idleneffe. To which o'»f<« replied , Andwhj ^ O King^ 
 can we not at frefnt enjoy the fame things , rvhiU they are in our hands ? whereas the undertake- 
 ing of neVi' fVttrs may uti er/y dcp-ive us of them. Butafecond embafly comeing from the Taren- 
 tines, Pyrrhus overcome by his own ambition, anfwer'd,7^«f 'twMthecuftomeoftheEpirott 
 toVeage Vcar^ not only for themfe/ves^ but for thetr companions and friends alfo. But Co difTem* 
 ble his more fecret counfelis , he articles very prefifcly with the EmbafTadours, That ajjooueat 
 he hadreliev'd them, he fhottldbe fi<jfer'd to returne home -^ and not be detain' din \t3\y any longer 
 then neceffitj [htuld require. Then with all might and maine intending himfelfe upon piepara- 
 tion for the War . he ciufeth a great number of long ftiips to be made re^idy , and likewifc 
 trims up others for trnniporration of men and horfe. Now having Employed moft of the Itali- 
 an Embafladors (whom under a pretext of honour he detain'd as hoftages and pledges) in levy- 
 ing and condufting of forces-, he lent the reft beforehand to Tarentum , with three thoufand 
 armed men, and (;V»m/ forCommaader. By their arrival ail hopes of peace were broken off^ 
 Agis his povernment abrogated, and by decree of the people the guidance of affairs committed 
 to one of them who were now returned from Epirus. Not long zSiet MHo being fent by the 
 King, fccures the Tower of 7'4)-f»f«j' withaGarrifon^ and claims the cuftody and defence of 
 the walls, with the very good will of the multitude, who were glad to lee ftrangers undertake aJf 
 the trouble and labour, while they fafely enjoy'd their refti they therefore cbearfulJy decree 
 Corn for the fouldiers and Mony for Pjrrhus. 
 
 In the mean time L. ,i^miliu^ underftanding of the Arrival! of thefe beyond-fea fouldiers,^ 
 that he might have the fafer winter quarters, refolv'd to drawhisarwy into Lucaiia His 
 journey was by certain narrow paflages flmr in on tr.e one hand with the Sea, on the other with 
 ragged and impaffiWe RocKs. The Tarentines having intelligence of his purpofe, fail'd by that 
 Ihore with their (hips furnifhed with Crofs-bows and Slings, affaulting the fouldiers as theypaf. 
 fed through ftraic and open paths with ftones and darts. But tyfmilius. not being able to help 
 himfelf by virtue, fecur'd his paflage by cunning ; the Captives which before he had placed in 
 the Rear, henowdraws tothat fide of the ranks which was obnoxiou* to danger, in pity of 
 whom the Tarentines fearing to hurt their own men, fpared alfo the enemy. Thefe things 
 were done at Tare»t»i this year. h.t Rome C .Fabrisius Lttfcinus, who in his Confulfliip had 
 egregioufly overcame the Samnites, and Lucaniansentred the Capital in Triumph. ^Marcitw 
 not many daies after obtained the fame honour, being returned out of Etrmia with profperous 
 fuccefs. The reafon why, the Etrurian war not as yet being tin'fhed, he was called out of his 
 Province at fucha time of year (forf.i^Wa«/ triumph'd the third of the Nones of March ) 
 is not recorded. I conceive he was recall'd by the Senate, who being troubled with expedati- 
 onof Pyr'hus, did from every quarter gather together what ftrength they could. The Pro' 
 letarii, the fixth and laft rank of Citizens, who of old were priviledg'd from going to war, were 
 now lifted, and being not able by reafon of their poverty to provide themfelves with arms,they . 
 were furnifhed by the publick^ for at this time war being on every fide commenced, it was ne- 
 cefTarythe Commonwealth fhould be defended by many Armies. Thefe mens office was,while 
 the Legions were otherwifeimploy'd, to guard the City with watch and ward, being difpofed 
 in (everalftations upon the walls, and in the Market-place. Neither by all thefe contrivances 
 c6uld the Imminent calamities have been averted,but that the fortune of a City ordained to Rule 
 did in thefe moft dangerous times produce men of fo great Excellency, as I know not whether 
 Aer fhe could boafl of better : Men, not fo eminent fjr their Riches or Extraftion, as truly 
 ennobled by their Virtue and contempt of wealth. This Age had its CutH, Fabridi, Coranciani, 
 men of no great Anceftors or PofTeffions, but of moft ample fame, which they obtained by 
 their upright example, exad skill in Marfhal affairs, and an anfwerableinnocence of Manners j 
 who were every where helpful to their Country ,whith had now need of Champions, which were 
 ablenotonly to rcfift thefword of the enemy, but to fcorn his gold, having to deal with a 
 King who was potent in both. In the mean time Pyrrhns^ not waiting for the fpring, coming 
 
 with'' 
 
 fromhisi,^ 
 
 Zottini. 
 
 Ctpiteliiti 
 frjgmenti 
 
 Aug de Ciy. 
 Dci.j.17 
 
 OrofiKH:i 
 
 Enniia ipui 
 Agoiium 16.10
 
 In place of Livie^s T'w elfth "Booh^ i-> 
 
 biq band llmgers and archery was in the midtt of his Vovage fo tolled with a TempeS th t 
 he narrowly efcaped being caft away. For the Navy being d.lperfed , and moft of the fh'p di 
 ftr (Ted when the Adm.raM was .n danger, T>jrrk., leap: into the fea and with very Preat pa n s 
 at length hardly fwam to fhoare : But the ftrength and fpirit of h.s minde did much S the 
 weaknefsofh.s Body, together with the dilgcnce of the Meflapians, on whofe (hoa e he was 
 cart, who w.th all offices of humanity did foment and cherifh him : ^ith their S nee like 
 wfe, fome few (h,ps, which had cflaped the violence of the ftorme, be.ng brough nto the Ha'- 
 ven, there were gathered together fome few horfe, with two Elephants, and undfr t wo thoufand 
 foo men w,th th,s force hemarched to T.r.ntus, being met by O.^./who carr e for^h Sis 
 fould>ers conduft h,m th.ther , and being entertained with much joy he took h,s rert I'r fome 
 dayes; In which fpacchavmgobferred the Manners of the City to be fo ordered that unldi 
 they were amended, there was no pofllbil.ty of protcft.ng it, but that rather the Pa'trons them 
 felves would hkewife beundone by it , he took no open notice at the prefent. £1^'^^™' ' 
 hjsdifperfedfhtps meeting together, when he had ftrength fufficient , he (hut up their wreftlins 
 places and Porches, where the idle youth ufe tofpend whole dayes in walking and foolms • hi 
 forbad their Banquets and Drinking-matches, and reduced their folemn Games from Intera'pe- 
 rancy to a jult Mediocrity. ^ 
 
 ^!lV^!' hemadeaveryftriftLeavyof their youpg men, commanding his Preffers todoofe f,,«;„„, 
 
 1 '^^ iu' ^'^^'' ^r' ^l '^'''^^ '"^^^ '^^'" ^"^'■'^"^ ' ^^'^''"8 ^h^^e among his own Com- s.ZTu 
 pan.es, lelt being apart they (hould prove feditious , hetraines them up with the fame hardnefs z««^r*^ 
 and Icverity of D.faphne, threading pain of Death on thofe who fhould fly from their Colours. 
 Thole who were not in armes he compeird to be moft part of the day in the Market-place • bv pw.ft 
 which ftrangeufage the Citizens borne and bred upinftameful Luxury were grievoufly perplex. 20S 
 cd callmgicaflaveryco be thus ferved againft their wills, choofing rather to perift, with idle- 
 nels and Lult. The offence was aggravated by the Infolence of fome of the King's Guard who fiutmh 
 choohng Ousters at the.rown pleafure, pofTcfTed them againft the will of their Landlords A^^n. apud 
 ufing much licenfe towards their Wives and Children. Wherefore many being wearied out. ^'^^^^^rn. 
 forfook the City and fettled themfelves in the Country, till at length that likewife was forbid- 
 den the Ports being (hut, and guards appointed. Then indeed the Tarentine; perceiVd that in z,„,,^ 
 ftcad of a Companion they had got a Mafter, and what onely Comfort was left them, when they -- 
 
 had anyhandfomoccafion of meeting, they bewailed their Condition with indignation and 
 Complamts.and that more freely, when befidcs their other Paffion, they were heated with Wine • 
 There wanted not thofe who informed l>jrrhHsoi this, and fome of them being fentfor, were VdMixm^tl 
 accuf . for having fpoken d.Oionourably of their King at their Banquets- But one Man's ^•'•^- ^"*- 
 
 t^ 'iKT "^"^f^'^^-^rf '"^r ^" '^""^ P"n'ft'ment,for faies he, We f.U Me w! Zona., 
 'u V / H T ^e'i^Z^' ^"' '^'"''' ^""ted m»e-v,heriit Pvrrhm fmiling difmift 
 them, being willing the fault fhouu !>,= imputed fnrh^«,;n-\..„i, .u^, Tu """"6 »"'""'" 
 conhd.ng ekher in the Mindcsor mannersTtheC ty TvhJ± fcU^^^^^ 
 
 Note fo^ Authority or Counfell amongft them, he e!;;her fou^d or mt/ribmrcalrl fSS ^"-^ 
 fend them to his Son PtoUmy ( who being then fifteen yeares of Age he had left Viceroy in his s /?• . , j " 
 Real me) others by lecret Ambufli he cut off, and fome to make them fufpefted to the People he zTJl '' 
 did with much feeraing humanity embrace, as if beheld them among hisdeareft Friends Of 
 this number was Ariftanhuj a principal Man much beloved of the Citizens, and of "reat repute 
 for his Eloquence , PjirrW perceiving him to be very Popular, upon a certain emergent Og- 
 cafion crtmmands him tofaile into£p»r«/. t^ri flarchus {knoviing it was urefent Death to 
 d'.fobey the King ; and thattoobey him was, though not of fofudden,yet of as certain ill Con- 
 fcqaence) taking (hip . after he had failed a little way,fteer'd his courfe to %orm^ wrierc being 
 received into credit, he inform'd the Senare of many Affaires of great Concemmenc : While 
 Pyrrh-: thus bulled himfelfe ztTarentus . the Romans were no lefs careful in makin," Leavys 
 for the warre they had raifed Money, and fent Fxbricius to their Confederate Cities, either by 
 his Authority or Grace to reftrain them from Innovation in State •, Thofe who were moil fuf- 
 peded were kept in awe by Garrifons conveniently placed amongft them. For the ftrength of mt. 
 fo many Nations combining themfelves againft one Commonwealth , and their expeftation of • 
 fo Warlike a King, had very much moved the humours of the Italians who were cither defirous lomns- 
 of Change, or provoked with the perfwafion of Injuries receiv'd -, which made the Romans Zvuth 
 the more diligent to provide for their own fafery by a timely fupprcfting all Occafionsof fedi- 
 tion. About this Time an Accident befell the Pranefiine Nobles very remarkable, for they be- 
 ing brought to Rome late in the Evening were forCuftody's fakelock't upin thePublickTrea- 
 fary, whereby at length they underftood the Deceit of an Oracle, which they did make ufe of to 
 ftirre up their Countrymen to Rebellion, often averring , it was Decrec'd by the FateSiT/E-rff r/i« 
 Roman Treaft:ry fhou/d he polfefjed ty the Trine fttKes- The Fathers being already much per- 
 plexed, had further Intelligence that Fabriciu! was detained by their Confederate and Compa- 
 nions as a Pledge to fecure the fafe return of their hoftages from Rome, and that Embaffadours ^'"''- apuJ / 
 j were fent to incite the Etrurians, the Umbres and the Gaules againft the People of Rome ■ where- ^"'""'^ '^'^ 
 , at they were infinitely troubled as at ihain it fclfe horrid, fo of ill Example, left in fuch a Dan- """' 
 j gerous time the Roman faith and honefty fhonld be call'd inqiieftion, and'hcld fufpcaed by,
 
 1^ The Supplement of Livie, Book II. 
 
 all the Italians. In the utmoft part of the Italian flioare over againft Sicilte is fcated 
 the City of Rhenium , (by a Grsecian name fo called j very wealthy and flouriftiing in 
 
 Poijbms. ^j^^j-^ ^^ygj . jj^g Citizens thereof judging by the Arrival of Pjrrhas that a great and 
 
 terrible warre would enfue , and frighted likewife with the Carthaginia*) Navy floating up 
 anddownin thofefeas, nottruftingin their own ftrength, thought fit to fend for a Guard from 
 
 LivieEpit.iL Rome. The Romans fcnt them Four thoufand fouldiers (which being leavied out of thcCo- 
 . . g „ loniesof Campa>iia,v!eteca.\\'dtheCampa>iian Legion)uRdcrtheCoi\dudiof Decifif fuki/iiis 
 ivte 1 .i .J. ^j^^.^ Colonel •, Thefe at their firft coming were very faithfu'l , and very di-ligcnt in defending 
 the City. At length feeing no warre approach neer them, and being by degrees debauch'd 
 with idlenefs and imitation of the Greek Cuftomes, they began to compare the Advantage they 
 had now in their hands with the hard and laborious life they had hitherto led ; and with much 
 Covetoufnefs and Envy did frequently difcourfe in all their meetings and quarters of the con- 
 
 'Ftlybm. venient fcituation of the City, and the happinefs of the Inhabitants. Decitts was well pleafed 
 pirn. with this, who being himfelf grown as Licentious, had long ago conceived an inward defire of 
 
 feizing upon the City. Thedefignwas favour'd by occafion of the prefent warre , which fo 
 wholly took up tbeRomans,thattheyhadnoLeifureto mind the affaires of i{/;f^»«»j ; Befideson 
 thcoppofite fhorcwere the Mamertitiei , an Example of the like fuccefsfull viUany, and ready 
 no doubt to defend the like Treachery in others , efpecially being tyed with the Relation of the 
 
 Pclybius. fame Common Country •, For they likewife were of C<i7»/);j»»<«, andof late yeares going to 
 
 7)tocloriex((rptii warre amonglt the Auxiliaries of Agathoclet , and being entertained by the Meflenians as 
 
 tx. lib. 11. Friends, having flain and caft out the Citizens , pofTefT'd the place themfelves : fharing likewife 
 among themfelves their houfes, wives and Ettates. They called to mind alfo the Campanians of 
 old, who by the like wicked art got Capita from the Tufcans. When they had now agreed upon 
 theBufinefs, there was nothing left to be confulted on, but only the Manner, howfafely to exe- 
 cute their Defign, left in fo populus a Citie, the leffer number ftiould be furrounded and flain by 
 the greater. Dcciuj counterfeiteth Letters as wrote from the Rhegians to P^rrhus , to betray 
 the iiowrt« Garrifon to him; thefe Letters as if they were intercepted, arc read tothcfouldierj 
 in private, Dma; bitterly complaining of the Perfidioufnefs of the Rhegians ^ and fomc foul- 
 diers being fabborned to it, cry out , 'T'^as time to provide for their own fafetj hj the fword^ 
 and turn that DeHrtiUiori Vchicb was dejiin'd to them,ftpon the heads of the Authors ^and as the bu- 
 finefs was fet, a Meilenger comes in with newes. That Pjrrhus his Navy Vfas feen by the fhore, and 
 fecret difcourfes rvere had ht^een him and the Rhegians, The fouldiers now belide their formeE 
 Covetoufnefs, were much incenfcd with the Treachery of the Enemy, and fear of Danger -, It is 
 therefore by Common Confent refolv'd upon, Th at the Townefmen Jhall he eppreffed marvaret 
 a«d mprepsr'd^ that having (lain the Men , all the Puhlick and Private tvealth of the City fhalt 
 he difiributed to the Legion. Behold now an unworthy and horrid fad ; Deci/ts having invited 
 fome of the Prime men to Supper, againft the holy Rites of Hofpitalicy. takes away their Lives; 
 others were every where flain in their own houfes : the gr«tcr part of the Rhegians being thuj 
 murthered, the reft were baniflied their Country, even by thofe whom of late they had enter, 
 taiu'd under the Name of Friends and Companions , for prefervation of themfelves and theic 
 Countrey. Execution being done, there is now a new face of Pablick affaires • the houfes-and 
 Eflatcs of the poore wretches like the Plunder of an Enemy, is divided amongft the Thieves j 
 and while the Blood is yet frefh and warmc , the Matrons and Virgins are forced to Marry the 
 murtherers of their husbands and Parents -, and the Cruel Perfidious Legion arrogates to it felfe 
 the Title and Rights of the Cky of Rhegittmi But it hath pleafed God well to provide foe 
 Mankinde , that fuch rare examples of high Mifchiefe fhould prove likewife as manifefl; Exam- 
 ples of Vengeance and Divine Juftice; Left we fliould onely by confi deration of the fuccefs 
 be animated to the like Villany, and not by the IfTuc and event be deterr'd from evil doing , fo 
 that no true Felicity attends the Wicked , neither can there be a greater Madnefs then for any 
 man toperfwade himfelf that he can grow happy by doing Mifchief : Forfuppofe there were 
 no Punifhraent after Death, which all wife men acknowledg to be thegreatefl, (for the folly of 
 ordinary men is fo great they will fcarce believe what is before their eyes, muchlefs be moved 
 with the tcrrour of things unfeen and afarre off, ) yet let all things as to outward (hew fucceed 
 profperoufly, neverthelefs theConfcicnceof offences committed doth by fecret wounds conti- 
 nually lacerate and torment the minde : the Name of the Living, and the memory of the Dead 
 is had in perpetual hatred and Deteftation among men : and what is by ill mcanes gotten, and 
 with care and labour preferved is moft commonly to their great grief fnach't away again , neither 
 God nor men fuffering Wickednefs to go longunpunifhed.lt will not be amifs briefly to relate the 
 
 Livic r8, x8. punifhment of Decitts JubelUti.'^znd his mad Accomplices.as in thefe dayes it befell; for their Final 
 deftruAion after great variety of troublefome Chances, was deferred to the Tenth year, as (hall 
 in fi.t time be declared. Thefe Rafcalls did not long enjoy Comfort or Tranquility araongft 
 
 Viodorus themfelves -, The feare of the Romans and Pyrrhm they did indeed avoid, as by reafon of the 
 
 prefent Conjundiure of Affaires, fo by holding ftrift fociety with the ./^.jw^rrw/, and refol- 
 ving to Offend neither Party : For 'twas thought fafeft in their firfl beginnings to abflain from 
 warre Dt the prefent, while their New City which had fo violent and fudden an Original, fhould 
 have time to ikengthen, compaft and knit it felfe well together : they faw that without Danger 
 they could noc moleft the King , and were in hopes the more readily to obtain Pardon from 
 
 the
 
 Inplace oflA vlt's Twelfth "BooJ^, 
 
 the Romans, if th 
 
 Thieves, 
 
 betook hi 
 
 Commander, and Deciiu carrying with him a grelit bank of mony, was honour'cf with The fame 
 
 dignity by the M4mertir.es ^ though his fortune was neither profperous nor of continuance 
 
 Font hapncd, that being troubled with fore eyes, he caufed fome Eminent Phyfician to be 
 
 fought out for him ■ the Divine Vengeance hereby overtaking the wicked man with moft fharp 
 
 and bitter punifhments : A Phyfkian was therefore brought unto him, who prov'd to be by 
 
 birtha /;^<-^<-^>». but becaufc he had lived fo long at MeffuK^J[\\sox\g\ni\ was not only unknown 
 
 lo'DeciH^, (who would never have trufted himlelf to the mercy oia.Rhe?ian) butlikewifc to 
 
 moft of the inhabitants of the City. 
 
 He being mindful! of bis Country and refolving now to be revenged for its Calamites per- 
 fwaded Decins that the remedie he brought , was indeed ftrong in Operation , but of quick and 
 mort certaine efficacy : So applying the medicine which he had temper'd with the Juice of Can- -Ditiom 
 thandes, and giveing order it fhould not be removed till he returned to the Patient,without delay 
 hetakethfhip, and flycth from Mefana. Deciiu being along time fufficicntly tormented A^fhn 
 with incredible paines , feeing his Phyfician came not at him commanded the Medicament to be 
 removed , which being wafhcd off. he perceived himfelf to be flarke blind. So that being now 
 a blind Exul, infamous and difpikd,he isreferved to judgement , as if he were bound in Chaincs, 
 by a wonderful! Method of Divine Vengeance, in that he received this Plague from one to 
 whom he had trufted his health, even as he himfelfe had by Cruelty and treachery' circumvented 
 thofe whom he ought to have protcfted. Tis fit fuch Examples as thefc (hould be recorded in 
 Hiftory and tranfmitted to pofterity, for the Benefit of mankind which is never fufficiently con- 
 vinced how farre thefe Cunning praftifes are different from wifdome and right reafon ; fo that 
 neglefting the Rules of Virtue, Honefly, and Fidelity, they doe for love of falfe and onely 
 fccming good things by foul and villanous lufts involve themfel ves in. true Evills. 
 
 $f if if f f f f f f f f f f f f f Iff li 
 
 BOOK III. 
 
 O W 2XRome^ part ef their forces being kept at homefor guard of the 
 City, and for a refcrve againft the uncertain chances of war, the Armies 
 and Provinces were committed to the charge of the new Confuls. P. 
 Laviriw L^vintts was defigned againft the Tarentines and Pjrrhus, and 
 Ts. CoruncUnus fent to finifh the Etrurian War. Ldvinuj, thinking 
 it would much avail as to his own reputation, fo to the Terror of the 
 enemies to provoke them firft ; and that it was profitable to the Com- 
 monwealth, to avert the fear and inconveniences of War, as far as might 
 be, from the Roman Territories ; leading his Army into Z,«cd««;», did 
 there fortifie a Caftle in a convenient place, furnifhing it with afVrong Garrifon. both to re- 
 tard the proceedings of Pjrrhus^ and to keeptheLucaniansin awe, whofe treachery was feared, 
 left they (hould dare to revolt to the enemy. Pyrrhus having intelligence of the Roman Con- 
 ful'sappraach, though his forces were not yet afTembled together, Judging it both diflionou- 
 rable and hurtful now in the beginning of the War to manifeft any token of Fear , with what 
 ftrength he had at prefcnt, did forthwith march out to meet him. But that he might find fomc 
 colourable pretence to draw out the bufinefs and gain time, he fent aMeflenger with Letters of 
 thefc Contents : Pyrrhus *A« Kivgmpjeth Htaith to Lxnnus., Jnfielerftand that thou art c*me, 
 
 ftrtk 
 
 47i 
 Zonira
 
 i6 
 
 The Supplement of Livie, Book III. 
 
 Zomns 
 
 trontiius 
 
 Zontns 
 
 Gatcfridiis. 
 
 Fiterbicnfus. 
 
 Ono. 
 
 Frifing(iifis 
 
 Zamrai 
 
 'Ilutirch 
 
 Elmtnb 
 
 tigftni 4 
 'iUttub 
 
 Zonifit 
 
 farth with ihine army againfl the Tarefttines, t>Ht leaving it for awhile^ come thottttntomc \\>itb 
 a fma/l Retinue, and 7, taking cognizance of the quarrel, rvill compel even thofe yifho are ur.'^il- 
 Unff^to jieU one to the other inrvhat is equal and right. To this £(ex/t«»xanfwer'd , We neither 
 accepofthteasaniArbitratorofonrContreverfies^ nor fear thee as an Enemy. But thou fee- 
 weft to do very abfurdly in affuming to thyfelf the fitt^gment of other mens Catfes, who art thy 
 felf gf^'il'J of a Crime, and baft r,ot as yet received due punijhment for entring Italy without our 
 fonfent' Know then, that I come no leffr againfl thee then the Taren!ines,to try our Right and Title 
 with a Itifi armj , bj the Jud^mim oj Mars the Author and Founder of cur Nation. And 
 without delay moving his Enfignes , he fits down between the Cities of Pandofta and He. 
 raclca , in a Champian ground , being divided from the Enemies Camp by the River 
 Sirius, 
 
 'Tis reported that Pyrrhtu , walking downe to the River fide to view the Roman campe^ 
 when he had well and diligently confider'd it , faid to one of his freinds, Megacleshy nzmc^ 
 Thefe Barbarians have mjirtia/l'd their Army afttrnoharharotu manner , butwte fhatlfoonetrj 
 what met all they are of. Then having placed ftrong guards upon the bankes , to hinder their 
 PafTage through the Fordes, he refolved to expcft the comeing of his Companions ^ not one- 
 lyfor the Reafon of War, hopcing the Romans in an enemies Country would quickly be in 
 want of neceflary accommodations , but as much regarding the fpirit and confidence of Lav:- 
 nm ; whofe admiration was by a new Teftimonie cncrcaf'd with him, in that he had freely with- 
 out punifliment dif miffed thofe fpies , which were fent to view his Campe, telling them more- 
 over. That he had another Army btgger then thii. In the meane time the Campe being fo ncer, 
 there were many Pickeereings and light skirmifties which tended nothing to the main chaoce. 
 Almoft fifty dayes being now fpent in thefe light skirmifhes , the Conful being moved with the 
 fame reafons to haften the fight, as Pyry^wj wastodeferit, aflembling his Souldiers together, 
 gave them to underftand his lntentions,andencourag*dthem againft the fear of a new enemy , 
 extehuating, as much as might be, thefameof P;»-r/)«j, and the Terror of the Elephants; ac 
 length preparing himfelf for all affayes, he refolves either to fight the enemy by Confcnt , or 
 compel him to Battel. Therefore feeing Pjrrhns fiill continue in his refolution, he fcndeth out 
 beforehand all his horfe, as if to forrage the Country, himfelf with his Legions in Battel Array, 
 expefting till the tumult and noifeon the other fide of the River fhouldgive them warning. 
 The horfe fetching a compafsfar from the Camps, crofs the River where no Guard was, and 
 immediately advance to the enemies {Rations on that fide the River: The Spirots terrified with 
 their fudden approach, betook them felves to their Camp. Pjrrhus undcrftanding the cnemie 
 was fo near,marcheth in all haft to theRiver with his whole body of horfe,confifling of three thou- 
 fand, hoping the Romans in their pafTage through'a blind Ford, flriving with the flrcam and un- 
 evennefs of the ground. and breaking their orders, might there be vanquiflied. But the Roman 
 horfe interpofingthemfelves, /"jirr^wi riding at the head of his Troops, conspicuous in his(hi- 
 ning armor, of fingular ftrength of Body and Refolution of iT>;nd, He managed the fight every 
 way correfpondent to his Fame and Reputation. He fo exadly order'd the whole Battel with 
 his Counfel and Dircdions, as if he were free from all other labour •, yet, as occafion ferv'd.he 
 would charge and fight in perfon, as if to him belong'd only the Office of a Private Souldier.and 
 that the caie of the General iffue were another man's bufincfs. In the mean time one Leonatus 
 iCUacedonian, havingobferved a certain enemy, who ncglcfting all others , intended himfelf 
 only againft the King, as he flew up and down the field, direding his horfe to whatfoever quar- 
 ter he fpicd him in, gave Pyrrhusnoikc of it, who anfwer'd, No man can avoide the Fate of 
 (jMortals, but neither this Itnlian, nor a»j other, fhall grapple '^ith me without kis reward, and 
 duepHmJhment. Hc had fcarce fpoken the words,when Oplacus ( fo was the man named, a Cap- 
 tain of one of the /"/-ewf^iw Troop? j wounded the Kings horfe with his Spear, Leonatus \ik^ 
 wife wounding his, whereupon the Kings friends round befetting him killed 0/>/^c«/, floutly 
 fighting for himfelf, and delivered the King. But this accident did much daunt the Kings party , 
 36 believing him to be flain : Wherefore to confirm his Souldiers, as likewife to decline dangers 
 intended againft him, he changed his Armour and weapons WwhMegacles, and leaving him in 
 the Fight, went himfelf to order and lead up the Regiments. The Roman Legions were now 
 come up, and the Battel a long time fiercely continued with fo doubtful fuccefs, that 'tis 
 reported Fortune feven times changed, fometimes the Romans fometimes the Epirots turn- 
 ing their backs. 
 
 But the death of Megacles had like to have reduc'd 'pyrrkus his afTairs even to a mofl det 
 perate condition , who being in the Kings armour was affaulted by every valiant Enemy who af- 
 feded the Glory offlaying the King: And at length an Horfeman , Dexter h'^mmt, having 
 kiii'dhim, and taking off his Helmet and Gorget, with loud crys carried them to the Confull , 
 thereby ingenerateing a beliefein both the Armies of the Kings Death. Hereupon the Grecians 
 were full of Terrour and Conftcrnation , and no doubt had immediately quitted the Feild , but 
 that Tyrrhui affoone as might be, uncovering his head rode up and down, with a loud voyce 
 witncffeing , That he was a live , and pre fent amongfi them , hereby taking away as much 
 Confidence from the Romans , as fcare and Dcfpaire from his ownc fouldiers. Litvintu percei- 
 ving the Time come, wherein to trie the utmoft Rcmedie, gavetheSifnctohisHorfetnen 
 whom he had placed inAmbufh, lo fall upon the backe of the cnemie. But P/rr^uw againft 
 
 this'
 
 In place of Livie's Thirteenth 'Bool{, ij 
 
 this Troupe commanded his Elephants to be led, which he had Hkewife referved for the laft Ter- 
 rour to the enemie. This one Contrivance dafli'c all the Romans hopes, and gavctlielflucof frwrjuaii z ♦ 
 the Battaiie cleerly on Pjrrlous his fide. For the men themfclves being aft onifhed at the vaft 
 bulk of their bodies, and the terrible fliew of armed Warriers on their backs thought they had 
 rather izcn fome flrange and formidable Monfter , then the ftiape of any Creature by Nature p"[^'"' * g 
 produced; andasforthehorfe. they being frightned with the fight, fmelland noife of beafts pti„i,6 
 they had never before feen, did forthwith, confounding their ranks, flie every one what way 
 was moft open; and either fliakmg off their riders, or againft their wills forcing them to flight, 
 they ran upon their own battel, and filled all things with fear and tumult. The RcSors of the 
 Elephants following the perfuit, many of thofe that fled were wounded from thofe who flood zwiras 
 in the Towers upon the Elephants, and more were kill'd and trodden under foot by the beafts 
 themfclves. The Conful making ufeof his beft skill, did as yet keep his main battel together , Plutinlf 
 till, by the command of Pj/rrhm^ the ThefTalian wing being fentamongrt them, did rout and 
 fcatter them, not being able to refift. Andnoqueftion but in the place they were hemm'd in, 
 they had every man been flain or taken prifoners, but that, befides the Cuftom of P/rr/f-w/, who frmt'ttMs i € 
 thought it not General like too feverely to prefs upon thofe who fled, left by defpair of fafety 
 they (hould be provoked to make more (harp refiftance, the evening likewife being far fpcnt com- 
 pelled them to rclinquifli the perfuit. Fortune likewife favour'd the remnant of the unfortunate Ea;fef>«» b. a 
 Army, in that an Elephant being wounded turned back and with its braying confounded the ^ .. 
 refl:. This putting a Remora to the enemy, gave liberty to thofe that fled to croJs the River in- y*lllh",j,Z', 
 to Apulia^ where they flieltered the mfelves in a fenced City againft the prefent danger. I find 
 that in this fight there were fourteen thoufand eight hundred and feventy foot of the Romans 
 and their friends flain, with two hundred and fouricore horfmen ; there were taken in all eigh- 
 teen hundred and twelve, in which number were eight hundred and two horfmen-, there was 
 loft likewife two and twenty Colours. Whereby I wonder the more why fome Authors , who 
 undertake exaftly to relate this encounter, deny that any notice was taken how many were want- orofiu 4. k 
 ing on the Kings fidc^ whereas DionjftMt writeth, that Lxvinns loft little leffe then fifteen P/xunfr 
 thoufand, and that on the Viftor's fide thirteen thoufand fell. But Hitronimus Cardianus ^ 
 an impartial writer of thofe times, affirms, That of the Roman army there fell but feven thou- 
 fand, and of the Kings army under four thoufand. But this is by all agreed on. That theVi- 
 dorycoft Prrr/b«/ the very Flower both of hit Captains and Souldiers, and that he was heard Otq^iu 
 to fay, Ht wAt no Itjs Comjuer'd then C»n<jyeror in that Battel. And when he offer'd the fpoiles 
 and gifts to fupiter of TarintHt, he confcfTcd as much, infcribing that fentence in the Title, and 
 when his friend complain'd, he repli'd , 0/4 truth, if 1 obtain fnch anothtr ViBorj^ I Jhall re 
 turn into Epirus wi:htttt t're a Souldier. I have likewife an Author that the King himfelf re- fufitn.it.t i 
 ceivcd a grievous wound in this fight, but bccaufe others report no fuch thing, and that I often 
 fee the circumftanccs of fcvcral battels confounded, I dare not in the general filence of fo many 
 and thofe more accurate Authors, give credit to one finglc one. 
 
 That it was fought with great antmonty and valour, this one argument is fufficient. That thX.fH.1i 
 when Pjrrhut next day view'd the flain corps (which for the reputation of his Humanity and Eutropitu 
 Clemency he caufed to be buried) he finding that all the Romans died with honourable wounds , rhrusi.it,i7 
 having their faces turn'dto the enemy, hccry'dout, Hctv eafe vert it for mc to gain thi Em' ^'^^^ 
 ^ire of the ifhole world, if J had hut Roman fouldiert 1 Neither did he defer with any comple* 
 ment and large promifes to court thofe who were in his power , to receive pay under him, and 
 not being able tu perfwade them, he did, neverthelefs treat them with great humanity and cle- 
 mency, treeing them from chains and whatever other reproach ufually attends the fortune of 
 prifoners. But the Romans thus battet'd by the late fight were terrified with another misfor- q^^c^ 
 tune, though not of fo great lofs, yet which caufed more fear and Religious horror. For it 
 was imputed to the manifeft anger of the gods, that their men who were fent forth for forragc 
 and relief, were overtaken by a fudden and moft violent Tempeft, wherein four and thirty were 
 amidft the flupendious noife of the Heavens, ftruck dead by Thunderbolts, and two and twenty 
 fmittcn and left half dead, their Cattel alfo l^ the fame ftorm were moft of them flain or made 
 of no ufe, 
 
 Pyrrhus in the mean time having taken the empty and forfaken Camp of the Romans , mtde 
 quick ufe of his viftory , wafting all the Neighbour Countries , and turning many people 
 from the Roman friendftiip. The Lucanians andSamnites then come in to him, whom light- 
 ly chiding , That they had not ajfifled him in the battel , he neverthelefs gave them part of 
 the fpoils; therein much rejoycing and exulting. That by his own flrtngth , with no other 
 ^id but thjt of the TareMtines , he had flain ft many of the Rtmans. 'Pyrrhui being thus 
 intent in reaping the fruit of his Viftory, Lavinut on the other fide curing his wounded, 
 and recollefting his difpcrfcd men , had gathered together a force no way contemptible , 
 and the Senate (though many imputed theloffe only to the Conful's default, and Fabric*- 
 us faid. It feem'd to him, that the Romans were not beaten by the Efiroti , bttt Lsvinut 
 tj Pyrrhui) decreed arccruit and fupply to be fent him. When the Cryer proclaimed. 
 That they who yvould ferve their Country in the place of them wht XCere (lain, fhould fiv* 
 
 in their natues„ they lifted themfclves fo faft, that prcfcntly they compleated the number of two 
 Legions. 
 
 C Th«
 
 iS 
 
 The SupplemetU of Livie, Booklll. 
 
 Jfphn. 
 Slorus. i.iS. 
 
 Plutunb. 
 
 Zomns 
 
 App'un. 
 
 Eutrepius 
 
 ZofUfis. 
 Fhriui.iS' 
 
 19- 
 
 Zoiurtt 
 
 TabuU 
 Cxpitoiiine 
 Frontimis 4, 1 : 
 
 Pionyf. ipuJ 
 fulvium 
 
 Cicero Lri'.U c. 
 X4. 
 
 Polyxfw 
 Stratngemtt. 
 6.6. 
 
 Zenirts 
 
 Tiion sDui 
 
 Tiil-Jum 
 Urfir.wn. 
 
 Dun. 
 
 TheConfuI recruited with thefe forces, follow'd the fteps of Pjrr/?«T, vexing his Army with 
 what ir-.conveniencies he could. And underrtanding the Kings Refolution to feize upon Capua , 
 leading his Army thither in haft, he prevented him, and preparing all things for Defence, he de- 
 ten'd him from affaulting the City. Pyrrhus turning his Courfe to Naples, and there liker.-ifc 
 being fmftrated of his Expedation, forthwith by long journeys marcbeth toward /ftwf in the 
 Latme high way, and now having paiTed through /^»«^K(d , and the Kernician Territories, ta- 
 king in FregflLt by the way, hexvascome to P'axelfe wiihin Twenty miles of the City; But ' 
 the Magiftrates there afl'oon as they underflood cf the Overthrow,had by Order of the Senate 
 armed their choice young men; and the Fortune of the Roman People had in this the time of 
 their NecefTity , provided them another very ftrong help and fuccour ; For the other Confult 
 Tib. Cornnciy'-ifts encountring the Etrurians with tetter iuccefs, had tied the whole Nation to 
 new Covenants , and being called back by the ' enate to the Defence of his Countrey, having no 
 other Enemy to diftraft him, came home with his Viftorious Army. . Pjrrhus hzVing in vain' 
 attempted to draw the Etrurians again intoArmes, and confidering that, befides aCity feciire 
 with Its own guard?, he htid two Confulls with their Armies, oneontheF'font, the other on fils 
 Reare. returned back mio C ampanh ; where meering Z-ft'W'iw/ with greater forces then before 
 hisOverthroW; lefaid, He had to deale rriih a Lcrnxan Hydra^wh/e heads bang Utelj (Irucl^ 
 tf,fp4fijr tfp'Bgainina gre.ner Numhr; yet confiding in his former Victory, he drew Dut his 
 Army and martiali'd it as rcfolving to fight, and that he might difcover the Cheer'fulnefsof 
 his fouldiers, and likewife terrific the Enemy , he cauf'd his men to (hout and the Elephants to 
 be provoked to bray. But the Romans returned a farre grcaterand more terrible niour,where- 
 by conjefturing the Spirits of each, he judged it fit toabftatn from fight at the Pref^nt, and 
 complaining of ill omen in the Entrailes of facrifices, he drew back his Armjrfirft into his 
 Camp, and afterward with much plunder and a great Troop of Captives, to T<?r««<- . 
 
 tns. . V • . 
 
 The Romans Cwho in their hardeft times had remitted nothing of their Conftaf-dy , Kutal"lp" 
 the main Iflueof thewarrc alwayes fpake high , as conceiving ample hopes) thinking this a moft 
 fit time to give rewards and Encouragement to Virtue, decreed a Triumph to L.tJEnalius^ 
 Batbttla for thofe exploits performed in his Confulftiip. He triumphed A.D. the fourth 6f 
 the Idesof ^«/r, over the Tarentines, Samnites, and Salentlnes who were Aiixiliariesof the 
 Tarentines. But P. Vakrins was order'd ra dra"^' the %^emK*ntof his Ccnqtter'd t.4rmj into 
 the Setine fields, there to fortifie his Camp, and caufe them to winter in their huts ; About the 
 famelime the Senatedtfpating whether it were fit to redeem the Captives , revived affirma- 
 tively ; that which chiefly perfwadcd them , was I believe the Horfemen's Cafe,, for they had 
 ftoutly maintained the fight during the abfence of the Elephants, at whofe approach the horfe 
 without any fault of the Riders yielded them up to Death, and to Bonds •, upon this Errand were' 
 fent Embaffadonrs of Principall Dignity , P. Ccrnelitis Ddabella famous for Kis Defoiation of 
 Sena in G.iUia , C. Fabriciits Lttfcinus^ and ,2L '^■"'^''"^ T^pus, Whotwoyeares fincewefe 
 Colleagues in the Confujfhip : PyrrUs by Nature was Endow'd with humanity, the infeparable 
 Companion of greac Spirits , and that he did encreafe by his Ambition, according to the Vul- 
 gar Errour, efteeming all Virtues thefervants to Domination, to which onely beitig intemperate- 
 ]y givcn,he did dired all his Counfells for the attaining it ; And though he were rot inferiour to. 
 any Commander of that Age in Boldnefs of mind and the Arts of Warre, yet was he wont to 
 try all meanes before became to Blows •, he would folicite the mind of his Enemy as he faw 
 moft opportune with Feare, orDcfire, or Pleafure, or Mercy, or with equality and benefit of 
 Condition!. Therefore undcrftandingEmbaffadours were coming from Rome, ■ani judging fo ma- 
 ny Confular men wer-e not fent but upon fomeGrand Affaircs,hc wasin good hopes they would 
 treitof Compourtding a Peace. Therefore that their accefs might be the fafer and the more 
 honourable, he fent Lyco (by nation a MololTian) even to the borders of the Tarentine Territo- 
 ries, to meet them with a Guard. Himfelfe on Horfeback with rich Caparifons met them with- 
 out tlie Gates , and having magnificently brought them in, he entertain'd them with all Refpeft, 
 liberality and plenty that might be. 
 
 They premifing fomewhat tending to Moderation of the mind , as how great the Inco»J}affCj 
 of Fortum is , hj\\^ [ud If » the Charges of ^arre , and that future Ccntir.gents cannot te fcre- 
 feen ^ deliver their Meffage, That thfj came to receive their ^apiives , whether he would Jtiffir 
 them at a C(rtA'-ti price to be redeem'd, or to be exchanged for Tarentines and others. Tjrrhfss 
 v/hofeCuftom it was, not to tranfaft any thing of moment without adviceof his friends , con' 
 vened them now together ;, and Milu's Opinion was. That hs^ Jljould detain the Captives, wa^e 
 t.'fe of his forttine , and not ceafe the IVnrre till he had throughly fubdued the Romans ; Cir.eas 
 hisCounfell was very different, (ot, f peaking firfl o( the C^njiancy of the Senate and People of 
 Rom; , which they hr.dofto: Jhewn even in ths harde/l times to be invincible ; he added moreover , 
 ^s for ether Enemies '/is lil(cly^''e may hate their manners or contemne their Armes , but Trjffe 
 thif N.vion^O King, 'tis better mai-^ng FricndfAp then Warre , and';is em.venient KOt only to 
 reiurii the Captives , but freely te difmifs them withotst Ranfome; Neither is any delay to be 
 mud:, but that you fendbcrlc^ tire EmbaJfad'u/'S v/ith Prefentt ,- to conclude 'Peace tspon eq-tall 
 Termrs : For this I tal^e to be the rin-.e, wherein with honour and Credit you may acccm'n'iji a 
 SfifiKcfj Qn my judremcnt) very nectffary. For now your a^ aires having Jucceededprofperonfly, 
 
 yon
 
 In pLce of Livle's Thirteenth ^ook^ ip 
 
 jou Jh'iii oo:h more eaftlj by Trextj cbtain \Mhat yon dejire ^ and Uktvptfe (tern for no other Ca»fe 
 but the i/in.ite Greatnefs andGoodnefs of jour mind, to offer Peace unto tho/e whom jou might by 
 force have reduced into fl^very. And ftirre be it from Thee, bat that Tky Defignes fhould proffer as 
 thej huve begitt j Tet IVe are but Men, and if Fortune change her fide, neither ^ill it be fo eafie 
 a mutter to Obtaine Peace , neither can it with fo much honour be treated on. When the reft a- 
 greed in the fame Opinion, the King himfdfe likewife aflenting , commanded the/fow<jnEm« D/o «pud . 
 bifTadours to be called , to whom he (pake in this Manner ; Tour Errand, Romans, feemeth to ^"^ Urfinum, 
 me very unn orthy, for having no Confideration of tntring into Friend/hip With me , you require 
 hack^ the Pri oners of fVa-re, whom being refior'd , you are ready prefentlj to mal^e ufe of againft 
 me. If the'ifore you Will intend your tJAtinds on bitter Counfell , beneficiall to both Parties, 
 r.nd make a Lfufueand Society with me, I will refiore all your Citizens and Companions in Armes 
 •without price or Ranfom ; otherwife if you continue hojiility, I fhall think, it no wife part, to 
 firengih. n y(ur Hatred againfi me with the hands of fo manj Valiant men. N either u Aianey fo ^tpi^^us spud 
 fcarceVcithm? as to reed any from the Romans whom it -would better become, if we were Friends, ''!'''"""''• 
 to be enriched by mj bounty ; Withall he commanded gifts of good value to be given theEm- 
 bafladours , with promife he would bejhw more and of greater Trice. Thefe things were fpo- 2oiitrtts 
 ken and aftcd openly in the Prefence of all the Embaffadours. But with c. Fabricius he had af- 
 terward a longer and more ferious difcourfe. Neither (hall I think it unfit to relate what I find 
 in g">od Authors -, When therefore they had fpeech together in fecret without witnefs , among 
 ' other things 'cis reported the King faid thus : My defire is ta have all the Romans my Ff lends, 
 
 * but efpccially your felfe, whom 1 efteem above all others, as moft eminent in Civil! and Military 
 ' virtues, onely one Thing I am troubled to find wanting in you, that having but flender fubftance 
 
 * you are not able to maintaine that Port and Splendour which juftly attends Great men, as their 
 
 * Due ■ But I will not fuffer you any longer to be fenfible of this Injury, and difpite of Fortune, 
 
 * I will freely beftow fo large a fumme of Gold and Silver, as you (hall eafily exceed the Rcve- 
 ' neues of the Richeft. For I am perfwaded it belongs to my Place and Fortune, to relieve the 
 *hard Wants of Worthy men, who have endeavour'd more to obtaine Glory then Wealth : 
 'Truelyl think it to be a faire and honourable Work , and that there cannot be, either a more 
 ' illuftrious monument of Kingly Magnificence, or a more precious and Acceptable Offering unto 
 
 * the Gods : fo that I (hall raihej think you do mc a Courtefie, then receive one at my hands, if 
 ' you will fuffer your Iclfe to be relieved by my Plenty. Neither truely would I urge this to you 
 *if on my fide onely the Bounty fhould feem Glorious, oh your fide the Acceptance difhonon- 
 
 •rable But now feeing I tempt you not toTreafonorthecommiflionof anyFaftmisbecom- Plutmbin 
 ' ing your Grave Manners -, what Reafon is there why you (hould with a refolute and obftinate '?>"*'<'• <^'4J' 
 
 * mtnd refufc a fmall Gift , with a free and Friendly intent offered ? For I defire nothing of 
 *you, but, what may, nay of duty ought to be done by the bcftof Men, andmoft tender of 
 
 * their Countrys Good, that you would perfwade the Senate to forfake their wilful ftubborn- 
 'nefs, and recall their mVndes to Equity and milder Counfells, giving them tounderftand the 
 ♦Truth- chat neither i-an the Warre be tummued without your great Lofs and Danger, neither 
 
 * can I (having pron.iled help to the Tarentincs , and proved Vi«or in the (^rft Battell) without 
 ' manifert breach of faith , and dimunition of mine Honour relinqui(h it ^ Neither indeed do 
 ' I delight in fighting with you whom I judge farrc more worthy my Friendfhip then my Hatred, 
 
 * and had much rather return home into mine own Kingdom, where many bufine(res in the inte- 
 ' rim arife, which require my prefence. And for this I will give you what affurance you (hall de- 
 
 * fire , whereby you maybe fatisfied concerning my Intentions, and refolve the Doubts of o- 
 
 ' thers ; if any (hall think it not fafe to truft to Kmgs , by reafon of the fault of fomc, who, .'. 
 
 ' (landing to their Agreements and Covenants fo long onely as it feemeth for their Profit, when 
 
 * they perceive any benefit to be gain'd by Change, have chofen rather to break their Faith then 
 ' lofe sn Advantage. And when the Peace (hall be concluded, there is nothing will picafe me 
 ' better, or be nore commodious to us Both,then that you would bear me company into Epirus, 
 ' where you (hall have the Principal place among my Subjcds , be my Lieutenant in Warre, and 
 
 * Partner of all my Fortunes. For I efteem no PoITeflion more precious then that of a Valiant 
 
 * and Faithful! Friend, and certainly the fplendour of a Kingly Fortune, and the Majcfty of Roy- 
 
 * all affaires will well become your great Mind. Thefe things if we (hall in Common conferre , 
 ' mutually helping one the other, we (hall without any difficulty attain to the greateft Happinefs 
 
 * that man is capable of or can imagine. 
 
 When the King had thus made an end of fpeaking , after a little diftance Fabricim anfwer'd, 
 ' Concerning mj Venue , if any could be obferv'd either in my military or Civill employments, 
 « it is neeJleffc for mc to difcourfe feeing you have already trufted the Relation of others concern- 
 ing it. Neitheris it neceffary to declare my poverty , that, being the matter of a little ground 
 
 * and a fmall Cottage, I maintaine my fclf neither by ufury nor the fweat of fervants , but by 
 'the labour andexcercifeof my owne Body , feeing this alfo you have truly learn't by the dif- 
 
 * courfe of others. But if, either on your owne accord , or following the Opinion of others , 
 'you judge me, by reafonof my poverty, to be in worfe condition then any other Roman,you 
 
 * are wonderfully deceived. Fordefpifing Riches , embracing Vertue , and doeing my duty, 
 
 * I was never fenfible of anymifery ; neither in private or publick bufineffe did I ever repine at 
 'myFortunc. For what Reafon havcl to fpcake ill of fortune, unlefTcI (houid impute it asa 
 
 G 2 'crimg 
 
 {
 
 lO 
 
 The Supplement of Livie, Book I II. 
 
 Mircel'ims 
 Dienyfus 
 
 Zonant 
 Dmyfiut 
 
 Zontrts 
 
 Above in the 
 yt»r 471 
 Vianjff. 
 
 crime to her , that I enjoy all thofc things which to grcate and high fpirics are moft defircabic , 
 not only with the Rich, but many times before them ? lamdigniHed with the greateft hon- 
 ours our country affordeth , The hcavieft wars are committed to my Charge , I am entruftcd 
 with the care of our moft holy Devotions, I am call'd into the Senate, my opinion is asked con- 
 cerning the moft weighty affairs, I am commended and chearfully imitated by many :, neither 
 am I of Icfs efteem then the moft potent man in the City ; I feem unto others an example and 
 pattern of attaining Virtue and Glory • to all this beftowing no coft either of mine own or 
 others. For in other places, wbere particular mens wealth is great, and the publick ftock but 
 fmall, the Magiftrates fuftain the dignity and fplendor of their office by their own expencc : 
 InourCity the cuftomeis much different , no private mans fortune being on any (ide bur- 
 thcncd. AH this great and glorious pomp, wherewith our Citizens, who are chofen to the 
 adminiftration of grand affairs, are fo magnificently fet forth, is of publick allowance -, which 
 order maketh all men equal, fo that the pooreftman fhall want nothing for the maintaining 
 either the publick or his own grace, neither (hall the richeft in any thing abound. Wherefore 
 feeing, though [am the pooreft of all, yet I do in no good thing yield to the richeft of all; 
 why fliould I complain of Fortune ? (hould I defire to be equal with Kings , who may hoard 
 upvaft fumsand heaps of gold .? But hitherto I havcfpoken in reference to my life inPub- 
 hck, even in private alfo my indigence is fo far from being a burden or inconvenience to me , 
 that contrariwifc, as often as I compare my felf with the rich ones, my condition feemeth in- 
 comparably more happy, and I reckon my felf among thofc few who have attained to as 
 much Felicity as this lifeadmitsof, in which regard I mightily rejoice and give thanks to 
 my Poverty. For it fecming to me idle and foolifti to purfuc after things fuperfluou?, and that 
 ray little ground being rightly till'd and manured yieldeth all necefTaries ; I know not to what 
 end I (hould be folicitous of greater Riches. My Meat hunger makes iweet to me, and thirft 
 my Drink ; after laboar my fleep is eafie and quiet ; my garments , if they defend me from 
 cold, are of proof fufficient ^ and my hou(hold ftuff, according as it is apt and fit for thofc 
 ufcs it was ordained to, fo it very well pleafeth me. So that herein alfo I (hould be injurious 
 to accufe Fortune, that it hath not allowed me larger fubftance then nature defires, which 
 hath neither ingeneratcd in me a covetoufnefs of what is too much, nor a dexterity of fcrap- 
 ing it together. Wherefore with this my poverty I judgmjUelf more wealthy then the rich- 
 eft men, yea,thenthy felf alfo. for I have fo much that I defirc no more, whereas unlefle 
 you thought your felf poor notwithftanding your poffe/Iion of Epirus, and all other your Te- 
 ritories, why came you over into /f«/y ? But Riches you may objcft, gives one a fair op- 
 portunity of doing good to mankind, and that I in my poverty can be bountiful to no body. 
 Truly this troubleth me no more then that in other things alfo I do not abound.- That the 
 gods have not endowed me with knowledg fuperexcellent, and the Art of Prophecying,and ina- 
 ny other the like things, whereby I might benefit thofe who in thefe kinds want help. But if I 
 freely communicate to my friends and fellow-Citizens thofe thing* which are in my power ,and 
 fuffcr every one in common to participate of what may any way pleafure them, I (hall think 
 myfelf free from that crime of being ufelefs or unprofitable to mankind. Neither would I 
 have you efteem thofe things fmall and contemptible, becaufe others feem greater in your 
 eyes, and therefore you arc ready to buy men with large bribes. But, if for fupplying 
 the necedities of the poor. Riches were altogetherto be defired , and that in this refpeftthe 
 pofTcflion of moneys were to be reckon'das a part of Felicity, as you Kings feemtobeper- 
 fwaded; which, think you, were the better way of purchafing wealth, that Ifhould now with 
 difgrace receive it at your hands, or that I (hould, when it was in my power, have long agoe 
 gathcr'd it upon moft honeft accounts ? For my profpdrous management of Publick affairs , 
 hath given me fair opportunities of growing Rich ; as often at other times, fo efpecially when 
 four years fince, being Conful, and fent with anarmy againfttheSamnites, Lucanians and Bru- 
 tians I overcame thole large and fcrtil Territories wafting and fpoihng, when being conqueror 
 in many Battels, I took by force and demoli(hM wealthy Cities, whereupon the Souldiers being 
 largely rewarded.and all debts paid which the Commonwealth had contraded with private men 
 for carrying on the War, there was yet fo much remaining that I carried into the Publick 
 Trcafury four hundred Talents. Now after I have fcorn'd to acquire juft and honeft Rfches 
 by thofc fpoils which were in my hands, and by the ex&mpk of Paler ins PublicoU (and others 
 who have advanced the Roman State) have preferred Glory before mony, (hall I receive gifts 
 of thee, and embrace a (hameful and dangerous opportunity of growing Rich, having neg- 
 lededafair and honourable means? And truly, that wealth I could freely, with pleafure, 
 and good confciencc have expended in juft and honeft ufes; which what I receive of you I 
 cannot do : For that money is rather to be accounted lent then beftow'd which proceeds from 
 another's bounty,and however it be given and received under the fpecious pretence of hefpitality, 
 friendfhip or good will, 'tis burthcnfome to an Ingenuous and high Spirit till it be reftored. And 
 what do you think will be the iffue ef this bufinefs when it is known (ss conceal'd it cannot be) 
 if theCenfours, who with ample authority exercifc the fuperinfpeftion of Manners amongft 
 us, (hall (according to that power wherewith they are invefted to enquire into the Lives of the 
 Citizens, and puni(h thofe who deviate from the Inftitutions of our Fathers) publickly fummon 
 me to give an account of the reafom, why I received any gifts from the$ ? 
 
 Many
 
 In place of Livie's Thirteenth ^ool^. 
 
 Many report that P/rrW, rcfolveing at any rate to winne a man of fuch Excellent vertuc, did _ 
 yet more carneftly tempt his Conftancy, and after other magnificent promifes, makeing a prof- nlus^^ 
 for of half his Kingdom could not therewith move him , but that ftill he pcrfifted to deny the Ac- i . 1 8,1' i 
 complifliment of the Kings defires , For, faieshe, if I aw an evill man , whydoejoHcoftrtmept^'i'h.devirk 
 If^oeA , why would joh corrupt me ? adding moreover , That this b:ifinejff wottld prove r.sither ^^"fl-^-l S 
 fleafeitg nor profitable to Pyrrhus if it fljoutd Jaccetd y for ifheJhouldmakcKfeofhislilnrtj , ^p^-^w'- uJ 
 'tVpould be hatefuU hoth for the K i»g and his Friends , as for his fuflice and Abftinence, if the Efi- !r«/o/;!r,i w"rff- 
 rots once had experience ofthew, they rpculdfor/ak^e the King and apply thrmfelves rrhc/jto him. num. 
 Thefe things, and what hereafter 1 ifhall add, being by various Authors related, I thought nei- •P^-"*'"'^ 
 iher inconvenient nor unprofitable t ) colieft and declare, that the mind and fenfe of thofemen ';>■•■**• ^■44. 
 may be known, who fupported the Roman State in moft difficult times, and improv'd it tothat 
 incomparable height of Glory and Empire it attain'd to : and that by a clear example it may 
 be apprehended, what Virtues and Manners ought to be praftis'd by thofe men , who would 
 become objeds of Admiration, and traHfmit to their porterity a more flouri(hinf Common- 'JP'«''«''fl^ 
 wealth then they received from their Anceftours. Thefe things being fpoken and heard en both '^•^i 
 fides, thcKingatprcfent contented himfelf, but on the morrow , caufing Fahricius to befenc 
 for, he prepared an Elephant before hand to frighten him, who ftanding at their backs behind 
 the hangings.as they were difcourfing, the hangmgs being on a fuddcn withdrawn, at the Matters 
 command laid his fnout on Fahricius his head, making a moft horrid noife ; bot he , being a 
 manof afetledfpirit, gravely turning himlelf about, fmiled, h^'mg. Neither jeflerday didjonr 
 gold entice me., nor to day your beafl terrific me. Afterwards being fet at fupper, when he heard 
 Cinias ii\(co\ir[\ngoi xhtGrecian Philofophers of the Sell ofE^xOiTUS, that they e^eemed Plea- Cu.Cutlint 
 fure the greatefi good, and the cares of the Commonwealth the chiefeji hinderar.ce of Felicity '. ^-^^ 
 That the gods in their opinion led (uch a life free from the care of humane affairs , free from all 'piutarcb 
 affeUions either of anger againfl the ^iel^d, or favour to the good, ^»'^"'^ themfelves over wholj to 0.41 
 idlenefs and pleafure : Fahricius thereupon is faid to cry out, The gods grant that Pyrrhus and V*l- Maximi, 
 the Samnites ^ouldpraBice this wifdom ^hile they Vfage fVar rvith the people of Rome. Thefe ^'^'^ 
 were the manners of thofe times, this was the Emulation ofgreatmen, to excel not in wealth 
 or Luxury, but in Virtue, inCoun/cl, in Patience, in the Love of their Country. Neither 
 were thefe fudden Motions and fits, or fpcecbes premeditated out of hypocrifie for the prefent 
 occafion, but they did confirm the faith of their words by the conftant Tenour of their Lives, 
 whereby they arc rather to be admired then imiratcd by our Age. The fame Fabricius when all y^lMtx 44? 
 his filver plate confifted of one Salt-cellerand a little difh, which yet was fuftained by an horning ticus i.ig ' 
 foot, the Samnite Embafladors prefenting him with a gift of money and very rich houfliold ^"'H/g/nja 
 fluff, fet his hands to his ears, thence to his eyes, nofe, mouth, throat, and at length to h\s\it\-*^^^H'^i'"'> 
 ly, faying. As longas I can command thefe, nothing/hall be wantingto me, carry ye bac^ your '"'* 
 fpony to thofe who ftand in n,tj cf it. 
 
 After the fame manner he fpent hJswiioicUfe. mfomuchasinallhis Patrimony there was 
 not fufficient whereby to raife Portions for his Daughters;(an Honourable poverty ! ) fo that the 
 Senate caufcd money for that purpofe to be disburfed out of the Publick Treafury, being afliam'd ''"'•^^^'waj 
 to let thofe Virgins pafle without Dowry , whofe Father was not afhamed to leave fo. The ^"'*'"' 
 fam? vertue and continence was found in other Princes of the Senate ; among the reft ,^. Fabim 
 who had fo often been in Chiefc command , and having once borne the Cenfourfliip denied Jutber deyMt 
 to be made Cenfour againe , faying , It was not for the good of the Commonwealth , that the >ll"tt. 
 fame men [houU often he chofen Qenfour -, he died with the fame Teftiraony both of his poverty , 
 and the peoples Love -, for after his Death they beftow'd fo much money that his fon ^G urges 
 did beftowadoleofflefhupon the people, & likewife madca publickFeaft.C«rj«/outof the fame 
 gallantry ofraindrefus'd the gifts of the Sabines as f«^r«V>«j did the Samnites : nyEmtlsMs Papas, cicero'm Ltlio 
 who was in moft offices Colleague with Fabricius , alfo Tib. Coruncianus , and many other E^i'Mnpud 
 men of great note, byreafon of their likenefs in manners, lived together in great love and i^"""^* ^'P"^' 
 fi-iend(hip .• So that the Poetfeems to me to have conceived in his mind the Idea of thofe jjL.de'ciy 
 times,whcn he faid,?"^^ Roman State Vcas upheld by men and manners of theold Fa/hion. Pyrrhus Dci. 1. n 
 ferioufly confidcring and pondering thefe things.was inflamed with a great defireofcompoifingall ^"ft'n.it.i 
 differences with this Nation, and immediately rertored two hundred of the Captives without ^''^■^'l' 
 Ranfomc, and gave leave likcwile to all the reft to go to ifowf and vifit their friends at the Feaft ^^^'""^•^* 
 oi Saturn now approaching, relying only on the v/ord of Fabricius, who prom i fed. That 
 when the Holy. day es were fafi they Jhould return , unlejfe peace were in the mean time 
 concluded. 
 
 And fuch was the Gravity of the Senate, and the fidelity of every fingle Perfon, that at a 
 Day by the Fathers appointed , they every man redelivered themfelves up to y^r^-iw/ , having ^^J^^'"^'?""^ 
 in vain urged their Country-mens obftinate minds to Articles of Peace. For the Crafty King , fioru, 1.18 14 
 thinking this to be a nick of time for his purpofe, while the Romans being mollified with the 
 fight of their deareft friends, and defirous of retaining them, might happily be the more ready 
 to lay down all thoughts of hatred and hoftility, refolved now to fend an Embaffigc to Rome 
 to Treat of Peace on thofe Conditions he had propounded to Fabricius in Perfon. He defi- jullinius. 
 red. That the Tarentines might be comprehended in the League , That the other Grecians inha- li.i 
 hiiing Italy might continHe free^ living according to their own Lawes ', That whatfoever the Appim 
 
 Remans
 
 Zl 
 
 The Supplement of Livie, Book III. 
 
 Pluttrch 
 P}rrho C.J 8 
 
 Cicero Philip 
 
 Plwmh 
 
 Appiinut apui 
 
 FutviitmU'p 
 
 ■num. 
 
 Enniti* 
 Pluttnh 
 
 L«VEpit.T J 
 b.i. $.j6 de 
 
 /. 
 
 Etttrnpimh.x 
 B. .S.5d: 
 p.Uui. 
 Ztntrat 
 
 VjI. Mjximut 
 
 1 7.1 J 
 
 FroHWiui ftrst. 
 4 I 
 
 iu/fin.iS.i 
 F/oriM 1 . 1 8 
 
 LJi; 9. i7ii» 
 
 Ilutirch and 
 
 Appiun. 
 
 Zoiaras 
 
 Plin.i.u 
 
 Romans had taken away from the Samnites, Afulians, Lttcanians and Bnttians might be rtfiored j 
 ank in Li;u, the Romans fhould receive their Captives yeithoutt Runfcm. Cineas of whom men - 
 tion tiaih formerly been made, was at that time with Pyrrhus, a man as of great knowledg in 
 Civil affairs, fo of very honeft principles , and who had by cxercifc improved his natural wit to 
 a marvellous eloquence: Forthefe his qualities he was very dear to the King, who often ac- 
 knowledged , he had won more (pities by the SloqucKce ef Cineas, then by his own tArmet. 
 This man being fcnt Embafiadorto Rvwe, wirh much cunning delay'd making bis addrelTe to 
 the Senate, till he had inP?^-'^;i</ his name diftributed many gifts in the houfcs of the princi- 
 pal men. Being then brought into the Court, when he had in many words, Extolled the virtue 
 p/ Pynbus, andhisinclihation towards ;he Remans^ he difcourfed of the Equity of the condi- 
 tions he brought, infomuch that great part of the Senate were moved to accept them : becaufe 
 befides other conveniencies , he promifed , Jf they would defift molefting his friends, he 
 would furnifti tliem with aid fufticient for the Conqueft of all the reft of Italy. But, becaufe 
 the Lonfultationlafted many dayes (' the Fathers being very felicitous in a bufinefs of fo great 
 confequencej and thereby a fufpicion and rumor was fpread, that peace would be concluded, 
 Apf.tu Claudius , who by reafon of his Age and blindnefs, had of a long time beenabfcnc 
 from the Senate, caufed himfelf now to be carried thither in his Litter, where he nofooner 
 appealed, but his fons and fons in law with ail Reverence and Duty recciviEg him , condufted 
 him tea place becoming his Dignity. Every one being filent both at the novelty of the thing, 
 and with the refpeft they bore his perfon, and expedmg for what caufe , after fo long abfence 
 and retirement he fhould now come into the Senate : he beginning his difcourfe with theafflidi- 
 1 on of his ficknefs, faid. ' Hu 5/i»^af/} had indeed hitherto been very grievous to him, but now 
 
 * he was not only delighted in it, left be fhould behold thofe things which were doing, but was 
 *forry that his eares alfo were not deaf, that he might not hear things fo fordid and unwor- 
 
 * thy the name of the Romans. For what is become of your noble minds ? whither are your 
 'fpirits fallen? Ye were wont to be of opinion, when ye heard the ^dime oi Alexander the 
 
 * Macedonian renowned as of an invincible King, that his glory was more to be imputed to his 
 ' Foi tune then his Virtue ; that if the Fate? had allotted him a Roman War, both the event, 
 'andlikewifehisefteemamongft men would have proved far different. But now, behold how 
 'ye aredegeneritedfrom that your Magnanimity} yc once thought ye were able to conquer 
 
 * the Macedonians, and now ye ftand in fear of Moloftians and Chaonians, the perpetual prey 
 ' of the Macedonians. Ye once contemned Alexander, and now are frighted by Pyrrhus , not 
 'thefeivantof Alexander^ but his fervants fervant, who flying from his old enemies rathcc 
 
 * then feeking new, is come over into /<<«/y with a refolution, ftiould it pleafe the gods, toob- 
 
 * tain the Empire of Rome, with thofe forces whcrewidi he was not able to keep and defend his 
 
 * little ftiare of AOcedonia. Unlefs therefore we fend him back well beaten, laden with great 
 'misfortune, affure your fclves, any other Party , defervedly flighting and fcorning our Pow- 
 ' er, will greedily venture into Italy, as to a prey r^^ly prepared to their hands. For what can 
 ' be thought of us, but that wc arc a cowardly flothful people, if Pyrrhus , being received into 
 ' fr endOiip , fh-Jl carry backa Reward for that Difgrace he hath done us , in as much as by his' 
 'mesns it is come to pafs that the Romans are become a Laughing-ftock to the Tarcntinesand 
 ' Samnites ? 
 
 This was the main fcope of v^/i/x*/ his Oration, which did fo inflame the minds of all the 
 Senators, i hat, following him the Author of a fevere Sentence, they with one confent decreed, 
 7 hat I he iVar /hauld be profecu'cd, that dazAi fliould the fame day depart the City, that Pyrrhus 
 Jhould he givtnto underfiand. That neither he fhould be admitted into the City, ( for that alfo 
 wasdefiredj neither Would theyfo much as treat of fri-ndfhip and fociety, till be had quitted Ita- 
 ly. A like fad decree by Appius his motion was made concerning the Captives, That thej 
 jhould not be led in f^Var againft Pyrrhus, neither fhould thy anj where be joynedin the fame ccm- 
 pary , but that being fent to feveral Garrifons, they fbould, as a note of Infamy, change their 
 manner of fighting, that they who before ferved onhtrfe-back,, fhould now be lifted among the 
 foct, und they who were of the Legions , Jhould noVcferve in light armature. That no man /houlJ 
 recover his former order, till he had brought in the fpoil of two enemies. 'Tis reported, whenthfl 
 Embafladors returned with this fharp anfwer, the KingaQonifh'd at the wonderful conftancy 
 of the Romans , asked, fVhat they thiughi of the C'tj and of ths Senate ? and that Cineat 
 anfwer'd , The City (temed to he a Temple if the gods , and the Senate an Ajfemb/y of 
 Kings. 
 
 Afcer thefe Tranfaftions, fome think , Fabricius was fent an Embafladour to the King : but 
 they are eafily convinc'd of Errour as by the Teflimony of other Authours, fo by a right Confi- 
 deration of the Series of Affaires. There being now no hopesof peace, they converted all their 
 thoughts to War, and bulled themfelves on both fides all winter in making diligent preparations. 
 1 heft I take to be the Times wherein Pyrrhus is reported, (for the avoiding the Dangers of fhip- 
 wrack , and a more convenient paffage of the Italian and Epirot Succours one to the other) to 
 have had thoughts of making Bridges between Hydruns , where Italy gm fartheft into the 
 fea , and ny^pollonia , a To wn fcituate on the adverfe ftiore , fome fifty miles diftant : For that 
 is the Brcdth of the Sea in thofe places between the Graecianand Italian ftioares. M. Teren' 
 tius I'arro is faid afterward to hare made the like Attempt, when, being Cn. Magnus his Lieu- 
 tenant
 
 In Jflaceof Livies Thirteenth ^oo\. 25 
 
 tenant in thewarre againft the Pirates, he guarded the Sicilian and Ionian feaswith his Navy. Appjin iritfe- 
 In the midft of thefe doings Tib, CoruKcianut, theConfui Triumplicd e^. D. of the Calends '&''"'•«'«» r«- 
 of FebruATj. This year was a remarkable Cenfourfliip in that a Luftration of the army was then ''■'^ ^■'^'"'"'• 
 firft made by bne of a Plebeian ftock. There were cefTed two hundred feventy eight thoufand , Epit. i-i-Je i j. 
 two hundred twenty two Citizens. About thefe times it was that ^ F<?^»«/ yW^,v)»;«/ war p^'""!'-."- 
 wont to be chofen Prince of the Senate ; and by conjedure we gather , his Ton ^. Curgei was fi/j"""* "' ^' 
 Cenfour at that Time. Cn. Domiiim certainly was, for he luftrated the Army, and his name is, 
 famous for enlarging the Priviledges of the People. Fyrrhm in the beginningof the fpring, 
 calling together the Forces of his Confederates , tn^irched into y^pnlia, where he took many 
 Towns, lome by Force, fomebyCompofuion. Againft whom the two new Confuls P.Sul- .j, 
 fieitis S:iv:rrini SLui P. Decim Af us v/ent forthwith two Armies pitching Camp againft Camp, Euircphu 
 ' ncer Afculftm a City of ApuHx, of the fame name with that City of thePicentes. No doubt ciucirk lulit, 
 was made of Fighting , but they were many daycs hindred as by a deep Torrent running be- ^owraf 
 tween them, fp by mutuall fear on each Mt. The Romans were troubled with remem- 
 brance of the former Battcll v^'herein Pjrr/^a/wasTiftorious : The Epirots were daunted at 
 the Roman obftinacy , but chiefly at the name of the other Confull , fo fatal! to the Enemies 
 Legions; For it was given out that T. Df««/ after the Example of his Father and Grand- 
 father would purchafe the 'Viftory with his Death •, and the iflue of thofe Batrelh where- 
 in they died , did make the expeftation of the DecUn Devotion to be terrible ro all 
 men. 
 
 Pjrr^ 'fthi.nking it a maeter not to be neglefted, aflenibling his fouldiers together. Thus in- 
 ' flrufted them. That the'Eyent of Battels was not in the Power either of the Goddefs ^'"''^•^•9' 
 
 * Earth , or the Infernal Deitys, who were invoked by thatCharme, that they ought not to 
 
 * believe the Gods to be fo nnjuft as to alter the fates of Armies , and bellow conquefts for one 
 'mad-man's fake- that viftories are not obtained by jugling trJeks , and fuperftition, but by 
 
 * fighting onely^ as appeares by the Teftimony of the Romans themfelves, who come not into 
 ' the field with troopes of Frieftsand Prophets j but with Legions of armed fouldiers looppofe 
 ' the Enemy ; But becaufe ihe ign6rant iafe commonly more terrified with thefe fuperfiitious 
 
 * delufions, chtii with true cgulesof feare, he (hewed that this feare might be prevented , by ^ -, 
 '{hewing the Hjibit wherein the former D^m had Devoted themfelves, and warning the foul- 
 
 .*diers if they met any Man in the like accoHtremeht not toailault him with any weapon, buc 
 
 * to take him alive. He caufcd likewifc a Meflage to be feiit to Dtcins, That he.Jhould forbear 
 fl^tying the fooli amongfl armed men , neither fjould his Plot take Effete , ihat.if he came alive 
 into his hands Ice fljould perhaps endure more ttrments then he "was villi fng. 'Twas anfwer'd by 
 the Confulls, Thej had Confidence enough in their tyfrmes^ neithenhad anj need of fo deff crate 
 A Dejign , wfc.Vi that he might be nffuredof , they gave him his Choice ^ whether he wonUcome ' 
 over the River interjacent , ... Ex-peH: the Romans on his fide the water • that they would VpH- 
 iinglj withdraw their forces to give him a faf^ p^jT^ge over, or, if he would retire, xhty would 
 bring over their men, that on each fide encountringwith their ftrength kntirc, dematijiration might 
 be made , that thej repofed all their hopes of Vs6icry in .their men , and their C enrage, and in no 
 other thing: Pyrrhuf was aftiamed of betraying any kind of fear or Doubt; 'he accepted 
 therefore of the latter Condition and gave the Enemy Liberty , of foording the River. The p,,-„g ■ 
 Terrourof the Elephants was not now fo great to the Romans , as being accuftomed t© fee Fhr.ili. 1 
 them, fo having had Experience that their fnouts might eafily be cut off, as one was in the q„c - ■ 
 lali fight at one blow by C. Aiiyitscius the foremott Hjkeman of the Fourth Legion. But now rcgctius de'Rt 
 they bethought themfelves of fafer guard; and Defences; They caufed horles cloathed with miittri. j. x^i. 
 Iron plates to draw Chariots, which were likewile full ftuck with fpearsfaftned in Iron fockets- ^^«iras. 
 
 in the Chariots were placed fouldiers who with darts or fire ftiould avert the fury of the Ele- ■^'""'"'"" 
 phants. The Legions with this furniture having paffed the River, Pjrr W in a fingular and Pr]",lihl.*. 
 Excellent manner martiall'd his Army , according to his Cuftom wherein he was thought to ex- ti-Je j %'\^, 
 cced all Commanders of his Time. Obfcrving therefore the Nature of the place, which by P^H'trth 
 rcafon of the Ruggednefscf the Ground, and the multitude of Ofiers thereabouts growing, ^'''^'>,'-^^' 
 Would well admit of a foot Army onely -. he placed his horfe and Elephants in the Referve. The sm^'-"'" 
 Right wing he ftrengthned with his own fouldiers andtheSamnire Auxiliaries, The Brutians 
 Lucanians and Sallentincs he placed in the midft, the TarentineSjwhofe virtue he Icaft confided in , 
 he order'd iu the midft. The ConfuU's main body confifted of their Legions, fome of the light 
 Armature being conveniently intermixt -, and with the like Difcretion they diftinguifhed the Or- 
 ders of their Rcferves. The horfe were diftributed into the Wings , being no hmdrance to the 
 Foot figiit , and yet upon occafion offct'd , ready for Adion. The Armys being equal, not c^iutirai 
 only in Courage bu: in number ( for they were fourty thoufand ftrong on both fidesj difputcd 
 the bufinefs with as much heat and animofity as could be expeded, and the Vidory inclining to 
 neither fide, the night broke off the Fight^ The next Morning P^rr/tw when he had guarded 
 the moft difficuk places, forced the Romans to defcend into a more even and open ground -, there 
 he had fome ufe of his Elephants, which being fuddenly brought in to that partof theBattell 
 where the Chariots were prepared againft them, they frighted the horfe (even as it hapned in the 
 laft fight) a.id caufed them to fly ; but to the Foot they did little harme- The Report of this 
 'Fight is much diff^icnt from that of the former ,-for fome Authors affirm , The Ro- 
 mans
 
 z^ 
 
 The Supplement of Livie, Book III. 
 
 FUttirr 
 Zont 
 
 .If 
 rts 
 ontinui 
 dtttropiush- 1 
 Tlutirch 
 Fle-us. 1.1 8 
 
 fuftiniia. 
 
 i8.i 
 
 tlMsrch 
 
 L(v/eEpit.i; 
 
 Ztnttu 
 
 it ftnmt Ltp 
 
 Pluitrch 
 ZtniTAt 
 P.«t. P/rr&» 
 c< 2.0,14 
 
 ViutiTch 
 
 Vioiori Eclog. 
 book 1.1 
 
 475 
 
 Jgellitu ;. S 
 C»v.de Offic. 
 J 11. 
 
 rw. Maximut. 
 «.M 
 
 Lfvie 5951 
 
 AgtUius 
 
 /tmmUH.Mit- 
 
 Ttcitu) X 18 
 
 P/rrboc.45 
 
 thtg 
 
 Cltudut In 
 Brilo 
 
 Ci/isii T.t7 1 
 F/di-m 1. 18 
 Eutropiut 
 Srominuiktic. 
 4 4'J. 
 
 iw4«x had the upper hatid, their ViBory being cccafion'd iy an accident^ fer the eyfpntiafii [who 
 were by the Kingi Order fent againfl thofenhocametofurprizethecarriagts) by their departure 
 feemirg to fly, by a near irror and falfe fear caui'd all the Kingf forces to ^ttit the fit id andfy 
 indeed. The number of the flain is likewife exprcfled , That on Pyrr bus his fide twenty thoufand, 
 on the Rtmans fide five thtii((tnd^ere"<VantiKg ^ that the King with adarijhot through his arm 
 was grievoftftywoundtd, and that in vain endeavouring te (fay thejl'ghtofhiswen, was ^y hit 
 Life'guard brought OUT of the field one of the lafi ■, that on his fide three and fifty ColoHrs were 
 hfl, en the Rumuns eleven, and that Fabricius the other Con/uls Lieutenant was likf'^ift wetin- 
 ded. But COntrariwife, others fay, This Battel had the like event with the former , thmgh'the 
 Romans by reafon of the vicinitj of their (^amps fuflained net fo much lofs ■ but that thej didconfef'* 
 fedlyfly^and loft fix thcttfand n.en^that Pyrrhus left three t ho uf and five hundred and ^ve,M u in the 
 Kings chronicles regiftred,by the Teftimony of Hieroniraus. 
 
 And not only variety but Repugnancy of Authors moves me rather to incline to thofc who 
 report the event of this Battel to have been doubtful] : for 'tis ordinary after an equal! encoun- 
 ter for each part to attribute the viftory to themfel ves, which by the negligence or impudence of 
 others is committed to writing, doing very ill to deliver to Pollcrity for true and undoubted, 
 thofe things which arc grounded on Idle report only, or for affedionare partially related. 
 Wherefore their hiftory fecmes more probable who affirmes , That there was bnt em Ftgkt neere 
 Afculum , and that, after an hot difpute and much blood-fhed , the Sun being new fet , the 
 Kings wound and the le[[e of the Baggage did ^ith much adoe breake of the fght : That them 
 hoth t^rmies founded a Retreat , when on both fides there were fiaine about fifteenethoMfar.d; and 
 that this Was the time when Pyrrhus anfwer'd one who congratulated his viElory , // the RoauiHt 
 Are thus to be Var.tjui(hed we are undone ourfelves. And indeed thefequel confirmes this Opinion, 
 for Pyrrhus retired to Tartntus , and the Confuls , making no purfuitc after the cnemie , diftri- 
 buted their forces into winter quarters in Apulia, whereas the time of yearc gave them leave, 
 and Reafons of War might well have perfwadcd them , to have profecuted fo glorious a vidory. 
 Moreover I find not that thefe Confuls made any Triumph , and many think that T>. Decim 
 in this Battel devoted himfelfe , who dying as did his Father and Grandfather , yielded himfelf 
 the Third facrifice , without intermiffion out of the fame family , for the good of the Common- 
 wealth ; Which as I had no thoughts to gain-fay , So fhould I not have related in the general 
 filence of all Hiftorys , but that a grave Author yl/.T'«Zf««< CiWro in his bookesof Phylofophy 
 more then once maketh mention of it. The fight at vl/f«/«w thus ended , the reft of the yeare 
 was quiet and free from all warlike Expeditions , only the whole time fpcnt in Confultation and 
 preparations. Pyrrhtu , having loft moft of his old forces , friends, and Commanders , fent 
 into Epirm with order forafupply of Men and money for next fpring. But before that Navy 
 could be fetforth,new hopes ariling altcr'd the Kings Counfels.y;rrA»« had fomctime the poffet 
 fion of Macedonia, wrelHng it out of the hands ofDemetrim, and again loft it by the Power of 
 Lyfimachus; Now while Pyrrhus wzged y»»' '^n rtaly , Pttlornxus Ceraunus being flaine by 
 the Gaules , tfcerc fccmcd a new way open into Macedonia , being deftitutc of a Prince and the 
 ftate of affairesin Confufion. This Reafon perfwadcd him not to leave Epirus naked of fouldiers, 
 left it (hould be obnoxious to the injurys of the Gaules who now oppreflcd the Neighbour nati- 
 on Macedonia. But Pyrrhus did not as then fteere his Gourfc homeward , being upon othec 
 Occalion5(asfhallbe related) call'd into J/cZ/f . Thewinte? being paft over in thefe Cares 
 the New Confuls came to the Army (^. Fabricitts Lufcinus, and ^ t^mi/iut Papus ( who be- 
 fore had born a Confulfhip together) which Pjrrkus underftanding drew forth his forces, in- 
 tending to obferve the Marches and Counfels of his enemy. Their Camps being not far di- 
 ftant, there hapned an Accident very remarkable, and by moft men related much after the 
 fame manner •, One Timechares an Ambracian, who held a good honourable place in the Kings 
 favour, fecretly cameto Jd^Ww/, and promifedhira, if he would give him an anfwerable re- 
 ward to Poyfon the King -, which he thought was eafie for him to accomplifli by his (bns, who 
 were Cup-bearers to the King. Fabricius, no way delighted with the Treafon, informed the 
 Senate of it theSenate, notdifcovering the Treafon of Timochrarer, who had (by what meant 
 foever) intended the Roman profit, fentEmbaff^dorsto/'j'rr^f///, who fhould only in general 
 warn him. That he fhould look^well about htm, and take heed of what mens fervict he made ufetf^ 
 and tnijuire into their faithfulnefs and homfty. Thus Valerius Antius relates the bufinefs. But 
 Claudius ^adrigarius in ftead of Timochares make Nicta* the undertaker of this Poyfoniog , 
 and that notice was given notby the Senate but by the Confuls, reciting alfo the Letter of the 
 Confuls, wherein they difcover Niceas his defign, That thej are unVeilling to fight by craft , »r 
 withmonj, andwifl} the King fafefrtm Treafon ^ hoping he VptS become an JBujiritMi Orud' 
 went to their ViEltry and Triumph. 
 
 Some Report it was the Kings Phyfician who treated with Fabricitts cither in perfon or by Let- 
 ter , and that upon his difcovery, he was hang'd. As there may be doubt in thefe Circumftanccs, 
 fo no queftion they are deceived who fay that Curius fent back the Phyfician to the King. Tis 
 faid that Pyrrhus at this time wondring at the Experience of fo great Vcrtue in Enemies , ciy'd 
 out , Thii is that Fabricius , who can with no leffe difficulty fwervt from the Rules of Imliice 
 and Honeffy, then the Sun be turned out tfhii Courfit^ He did immediately, left hc (hould be 
 Overcome with Kindneffe , return the Romans all the prifoners be had , and fent Ctnea^ again 
 
 c»
 
 Inj/laceof Livie's Thirteenth ^ooJ^ 25 
 
 to obtaine peace and friendfhip. It feemcd difhonourable to receive a gift from the enemie, where- j 
 by they might bethought to have abhorred wickednefTe more for gain then for the love of Ver- 
 tue, they therefo'-e fent back an equal number of Tarencincs and Samnites th.it their captives 
 might not be receivd gratis. This publickabftinence was to their greater Credit fecondcd by 
 the vertue and refolution of private perfons , when the gifts of Pyrrkus ( which C'«f'« in tlvh u 4 
 great Number and thofe very pretious had Carried to Rome for both fexes) were refufed not ^c/i/n ig.x 
 only by the Men but by the women. For when upon the refufal of fome , he profcr'd them to '''*' ^'jximut. 
 others , and others again , there was not fo much as one man or woman to-be found fo mean or '* ''"' * 
 covetous as to open a door for the Receipt of a Kings gift. The Former anfwer was now .-gain 
 returned to the Embaffadours , That until V^xvhm had cjnittcd \x.i\y , thfyfvoulde[leew him an ^""■"^■^^ 
 Ene/nie to the people of Rome. While /'yrrwwj was much perplexed at thefe pafTages, not know- 
 ing how to profecute the War with any cheercfulncfle, nor willing to depart Italj with any iofle /ppini 
 of Reputation, the Sicilian affaires didfeem to help him, the management whereof (after 
 long and doubtfuil deliberation) he refolved to undertake. For fo he thought the Roman 
 war might with credit be declined, and the command of a mort Rich Ifland obtained, he 
 had alfo an earneft defire of being revenged on the Carthaginians, as being firfl provoked by luflin.iS.i. 
 them. For they fufpefting the Kmgsdciigns, had a little before hand fcntc>}fij_go with a Navy f'-iiMix.i.y 
 of an hundred and twenty (hi ps , faying. The Romans ought hj Forreigne aid to he ajpfledagainft j° . 
 aforreignenemy. And though the Romans ufed not their afliflance, making anfwer, T'^.at //<?/ '^'^ ^'^"'^ 
 Tpere not wont to undertake any War hut vfhat could he managed hy their own forces; Vet now 
 this fourth time was the League renewed between the two Commonwealths. Poljhius j.ij 
 
 To the former Articles it was added, That whether the Romans or Carthaginians made peace 
 with Pyrrhus, it {h^ttld he fpectallj excepted, that thij might ajjifl one the other, which foever 
 of them were provoked to fV^r; And, that when either had need of the others help , the Caythagi- 
 titans fhould provide fijips, each party pay their own fouldiers, theCarthagi>iiant aid the Romans ^uflinius. 
 bj fea, but not be compelled againfl their wills out of their Jhips, Which being agreed upon , 
 -(^rf^# went to Pjirrfewj under pretence of treating of peace, but indeed to difcover the Kings 
 Counfels, whom the Carthaginians had undcrftood to be invited into Sicily : And they offer d 
 their Navy to the Romans notfo much out of any good will or care of their fafety, but further 
 to involve Pyrrhui in his Italian War, left he fliould fpoil their fucccflfes in Sicily which flou- vioJori EcUg. 
 riflied fo profperoufly. They had then alfo guarded the paffage into Sicily with a numerous bockn 
 IReet, pretending the fiege of if^f^»«w, but indeed refolving to hinder P^rrW from tranfmit- 
 ting his Army. For thele caufes did he wholly apply his mind to the Sicilian affiirs , which fil- 
 led him with great hope, as by thelUteof things, fo by the frequent Emballlcs which came one 
 after another out of the ifland, affirmed. That he was defired by the prayers of all men, as the 
 only remedy of their calamities wherewith they Were more jharplj affliUed then the wufi miferable 
 Nation under the heavens. For after the death of t^gathocles, more lamentable then undeferv- I>'*iori. Edoj. 
 ed, one Af£Ho,hormt<!^^,fla,3i Cay o( Sicily, who had poifon'dthe King, endeavouring ''•^' 
 to ufurp the government, was by HicetM the p«tor expelled the City, and fled to the Cartha- 
 ginian forces; Hence arofe an heavy war and unfortunate to chc Syracufans, by which ne- 
 ver the lefs H/m4r in particular ftrengthencdhimfelf, and turning his forces againft PhintitM 
 of Agrigentum, heheld the Ifland long time in trouble, till by the boldnefs of one Thanio he 
 was deprived of his Domination which he had held for nine years. Thanio endeavouring to re- ^"'^'"■' ^^'^S- 
 tain the Soveraignty, was rcHfled by Scfftratus a Syracufan Nobleman. Thcfe two along ilyie 2? 14 
 time contcfted, 7"^i««»oponeflingiV4/«/, an Ifland which is part of Syracufe, Sofiftrattists.- 
 ercifing the Tyranny in the other parts of the City. When at length by thefe difcords they 
 faw nothing but deftruftion likely toenfue, with one confent they decreed to fend for Pyr- 
 rhus, who being the fon in law of ^gathocles , and next in fuccefiion, as having a fon by Diodorm 
 Lwaffa, was thought fittelt to bear rule, as being able by his courage and his forces to fettle yippianus spud 
 their affairs. Moreover, the principal men of Agrigentum and Leor.tium , offering the Go- f'''wim«r^. 
 vernment of their Cities, and confequently of the whole Ifland, unanimouflv intrcatcd him n""*' t 
 Tocemetnto Sictly as Joon as may he , tojuccow them wtth hu prejence , being weaned with la- i^(ii„ ,8 . 
 hoiiring under the heavy burden of a'Barbdrous (laverj. For the Carthaginians having wafted 'Dio.krus 
 their grounds, had bcfieg'd the City of Syracufe , both by fea and land, with a Navy of an Vlutard> 
 hundred fhips, and an Army of fifty thoufand men. Pyrrhus therefore without delay fendeth 
 Cinejs before ( whofewifdom and faith he much truftcd to} to agree upon Conditions and -dppii" 
 Articles of fricndfhip With the Sicilian Cities. At his departure he comforted his Italian con- 
 federates, promillng, That if they were oppreffed hj the Romans he would in jpecd come out ef ^'"'- 'V'''"^* 
 the neighbour IJlandmuch cncreafedwith ne'^ forces. But when be was about to leave a Gari- '^ 
 fon in Tarentus, they taking it in ill part , defired, hie ^ould either perform his prumifea affi - 
 (tance on thofe ctn.titioni hi was cali'din , tr that at lea/l he would leave their City free. They 
 could obtain neither, P^rriw* returning no other anfwer, but commanding them , To tarry hu 
 leifure. TheEpirot Kmg being thusimploy'd, the Confuls had thceafier war agiinfi their o- 
 ther enemies. I find they had about this time good fuccefs againft the Etrurians, Lucanians, . , 
 Brutians and Samnites. It appears therewas no great matter done againft the Etrurians, in that L'vKEpir.ij 
 there was no Triumph madefor that war, neitherwas the whole nation, but few Cities engaged, 
 who re-ifTumed againft the Romans thofe arms they had fo lately laid down, being fohcitcd 
 by the Samnites, who found themfelves left naked by the departure of Pyrrhus. Among the 
 
 D othcs
 
 i6 
 
 The Supplement of Livie, Book IV, 
 
 Eutripmh. z 
 Cicero pro 
 Balbj.^.ii 
 Tib.Ctpitolint 
 
 Other nations as the war was more heavy, fowasthe Victory more Illuftrions over them. C. 
 FabrictHs thzCorM ( his Colleague, as is imagined, being gone into Etruria, inafmuch as 
 upon the Epirots departure one Confular Army was thought fiifficient) overcame the Lucani- 
 ans, Brutians, TarentinesandSamnites : Some Cities, am.ong which were Her^jc/e-a , he drew 
 into Covenan:s , and ovcrthofc people he Triumphed before the Ides of December. 
 
 An aflembly of the people being held. New Confuls were chofen for the year enfuing , P. 
 Cornelius RujinHs igim, and C. f uDtus'B rattis again. Other Nobksv/crc Candidates with 
 ^ntilUn ii.i gj^c„ff J ^ but fey f^^riaa^ his favour he was chofen. Wherein f4^r»V»«/ confidering the 
 times, preferr'd t're pubhckfafety before private quarrels; For by reafonoftheir difference in 
 Manners there was Enmity betweene thefctwo, /"-^^wJw/beingcf proofeagainftMony was 
 guided only by his care ofthe common good ; Ritfinus mote greedy of wealth then ordinary , 
 many times order'd his counfels and aftions to his private gain. But being otherwifc Induftrious 
 and a good commander, Fabricitts judged him to be preferr'd before his Competi tours who 
 were far inferiour to him in Marflial affaires. 'Tis reported , when Rufinus gave him thanks. 
 That being at enmity "^ith him he had helped him to the Confuljhip , effeciallj tohen f» great a 
 fVar was on foot -^ he anfwer'd , 'T'ipas not muchtobewtndred , ijf he had rather be pillag'd ^ 
 then fold to the enemy. For there was great War remaining in Itafy,and Tyrrhus finding all things 
 goe according to his defire in Sicily ( whether he now was gone ) 'twas reafonably fear'd 
 he w ould quickly return a more formidable enemy by the Acceffe of the ftrcngth of fo Noble an 
 Ifland. 
 
 TJicn apui Fi' 
 Ufum, 
 
 Cicero de Orat 
 AgcUiui 4.3 
 
 ^i 
 
 ■^^ 
 
 l^l 
 
 ^^^^^^^^->€^v.-^^.-^^^^^^5^€^^^^^^3^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 BOOK IV 
 
 uv.Epit.t4 
 
 Appiin. 
 Vioioti Eclog. 
 
 b.2t 
 
 Vio. .'pud 
 Fdcfium 
 
 Viodori Edoj 
 
 Tlutirch 
 
 ryrrhocji 
 
 Dmjfiits 
 
 H I L E thcfe things were doing in /f<«/y , Pjrrhw having fliipp'd his 
 Army and Elephants, failed from the Tarentinc Port into Sicily, after 
 he had continned two years and four moncths in Italy. Being condu- 
 fted by Thanio, who met him with his Navy,' he was received by the 
 Sicilians with wonderful chearfiilnefs, freely delivering up into his hands 
 their Towns, their Forces, their Mony and their Ships. Being thus in 
 a fliort time pofTefl'd of the dominion of the Grarcian Cities, he did alfo 
 by force of arms extort from the Carthaginians all whatfoever they 
 held, excepting only the City of LHybaum, which the Carthaginians 
 beinghelped by its convenient fcituation, defended againft all his afTauis. Whence juflly con- 
 ceiving great and vafl: hopes in his mind, he refolvcd, leaving his eldeft fon the Patrimony of 
 his Father, to fettle the other two, the one King of Italy, the other Kifjg of Sicily. Both the 
 reputation and virtues of this King were indeed at that time very great ; and the Sicilians having 
 for many ye ,rs fuftaincd both forreign and civil wars, and a plague worfe then both, the tyranny 
 of ufurpers, feerred willing with joy to entertain any indifferent Prince over them. But when, 
 a little after, he proceeded to rsile moneys againlt their wills, and put co death fomc of their 
 Nobles, he contrafted much hatred, which Was encreafed by the covetoufnefs and arrogance of 
 hif Officers, whofe vices dtd every where as much wrong him as h's own ^ therefore next to the 
 firft and principal care Kings ought to have, of being themfelves Egrcgioufly good, 'tis for 
 their honour and fafety ro make a choice of virtuous Favourites, feeing private men are blam- 
 ed only for their own faults , but other mens crimes are imputed to Princes. But thefe 
 
 things
 
 In f/lace of hiwiQs Fourteenth 'Bool^. 27 
 
 things hapncd afterwards. Now at Prefent , while their Zeal was hot , he was with the higheft 
 
 Honour and magnificence received , tirft by TjfidarionVrinceof theTauroniinitans(for in that 
 
 part of the Ifland he landed) then by the People of Catanaa, and (o pafled with his foot-Army 
 
 to Syracufe: His fleet he commanded to be brought about not farre from the fliore , ready 
 
 prepared for fight, as thinking the Carthaginians would not fuffer him to approach the City, 
 
 without hazard of a Battel 1. But it hapned , that a little before Thirty of the C'«'''/-'*^»«'<»m 
 
 fliips were upon other Employment gone from the Navy , which becaufe they were not return'd 
 
 the Admirall refufed to venture on the Fight with the Reft. Wherefore Entring without Re- P'ovA 
 
 fiftance, Thamon and Piftftratus yielding Poflcflion, he took into his hands the PublickTrea- *'"'''''"* 
 
 furc, an hundred and twenty Covered (hips , Twenty open ones, their Weapons, Engines, and 
 
 all other Furniture for Warre. 
 
 In the Interim came Embaffadours from the Leontines , whofc Prince H^r^f/«V<<r offered the 
 City and all his Forces , Four thoufand Foot, and five hundred Horfe. Neither were other 
 Cities flower in their (ubmiffion , but came in driven as it were by a Torrent of Fortune. Pjr- „ , 
 r/>«j treating them all with much Humanity, and gaining their Good wills, fent every one back " 
 to hisown City, entertaining now more Ample Hopes in his mind, intending if affaires pro- 
 ceed fo favourably to pafs over into Africkj. Things went rot fo well with his Confederates in pi^d»ri 
 Italy, for MUo, who was left at Tarentus with part of the Army, was not able to proteft them Eclog. b.12." 
 from the hoftility of the Romans , now in the abfence of the King and his main ftrength. Eut 2onttiis. 
 as yet it was well for them that the Romans deferring a while the Tarrentir.e warre , both the 
 Confulls converted tlieir forces againft Samnium, The Samnites (feeing their Fields burn't, 
 their Caftles furprized , the whole burthen of the Warre to fall on them, and that they were 
 forfaken by their Friends) being inferiour both in ftrength and Courage, forfaking their Townes 
 and Villages, betook themfelves to the high and craggy Mountaincs , carrying with them their 
 Wives and Children , and what things of moft value they could in fuch a Tumult and feare con- 
 vey away. Among the Romans befides the Emulation of their Commanders , there was arifcn 
 great Negligence and Carelefnefs (the Infeparable Companion of Profperity) caufed by theic 
 own Conftant good fuccefs, and their Enemies Fear. Hereby they fuffered fome Lofs and more 
 Difgrace ; for their fouldiers confidently creeping up craggy and difficult paflages were beaten 
 back and deftroy'd by the Samnites , who had poflefPd themfelves of advantageous places; ma- 
 ry were flain, being overwhelmed with ftones and Darts, or tumbled down the Precipices; 
 others having no convenience either of retreating or fighting were taken alive. This Accident 
 caufed the Commanders to divide their Forces, for each laying the blame of the Misfortune 
 upon his Colleague , boafted he could have managed the bufincfs with better fuccefs if he had 
 been alone, c- funius with his Legions remained in Samnium , P. Cornelius drew out his 
 forces againft the Lucaaians andBrutiansj where carrying about theTerrour of his Armes, 
 wafting the Grounds and burning the Villages, he had occafion offer'd of greater Attempts. 
 In the utmoft parts of the /r»«-.„ (hore. towards the Eaft and the Jonian fea , where the pro- 
 montory of Z<«c«»«>w ftretcheth forth it felfe, i» fc«eed<rro/o« of old very famous, and now 
 alfo confiderable for it's Wealth • Through the midft of it in thofe dayes ran ihc River t^farus, Ovid Mam 
 on each fide whereof the Multitude of Buildings were encorapafled with a wall of Twelve . . **• 
 miles circumference. This City the Confull not daring to beleagure , bad thoughts of obtain- ^""< »4i j. 
 ing by Treachery, for he was put in hopes by many of the Roman fadion there,th3t if he would 
 timely advance his forces to the walls of it, being now deftitute of forreign Aide, he might ea- 
 lilytake it by the help and aftlftance of thofe who were weary of Tjrrkush\% Domination. 
 But it hapned about that time that either out of fear oi the Enemies Neighbourhood, or fufpici- 
 on of Treafon, which is feldom long hid, the Crotonians had procured aid from Mih : Nick». Frontlnus 
 machtts came to them with a ftrong bandof Lucanians, whoifTuingout upon (he CoDfnW (not siratagem.i.6. 
 aware of any thing , but confidently coming up to the walls without fear of Danger ) beat 
 him back with the flaughter and wounding of many of his Men. Rufinus defiring by Counfell 
 to remedy that lofs he had by his Rafhnefs fuftained, on fet purpofe cncreafeth the Rumour of 
 his Overthrow, and that he might feem ftrucken with the greater fear pretends todefilKromhis 
 Enterprife , commanding the Bagqage to be pack'd up as for a fudden Departure ; This News 
 was quickly blar'd about the City ( as from a Camp fo necr muft needs be) and befides a proba- 
 ble caufeof the bufinefs, their Credulity was help'd forward by their defirc to have it fo ; when 
 on a fudden (their mindes being already thus inclin'd) a certain Captive(being thereunto fub. 
 orncd by the Confull, in hope of Liberty and further Reward) comes into the City, as if in 
 this hafty departure of the Romans he had taken opportunity to Efcape ; He informcs them 
 that Cornelius Rufinus, having not ftrength enough to force Croton, was gone to Locri, bring in- 
 vittd by fome rvho promifed to betray it to him. By and by comes another who confirming the 
 former news, added moreover , That the Romans were noft- on thrir March. And withall they Zorurss 
 difcover his Snfignes and Troopcs moving that way which leadeth to Locri. Nichomachns be- 
 ing deluded by this Wile, marcheth fwiftlywith his forces the neereft way to I«m, intending 
 likcwife to defend it, which when Rufinus by fecret Meffengers underftood, heturneth back 
 prefently to Croton, as upon better advice, fo with better fuccefs then before. His diligence was ^fontinus 
 made prcJperous, not only by the fecunty of his Enemies, but by the favour of Fortune alfo, 
 for a thck mift chanced to furround him, fo that he was almoft within the walls with his zwutji 
 
 D z Viftorisus
 
 i8 
 
 The Supplement of Livie, Book I V. 
 
 Zonifis 
 
 tAppUn apud 
 VJt flint. 
 
 Ditim Edog, 
 
 7)iiderus 
 
 Flmreb 
 
 Triumpbi 
 CafittUni. 
 PUm 18. 6 
 &JJ 11 
 
 Liv.Epit. 14 
 
 '^ug. dt Civ. 
 Dd. }. 17 
 
 477 
 
 Ctpitol.Trium, 
 
 Vluttrch 
 Fiinhtc.% 1 
 
 ViAorious army before the Crotonians undcrftood he was returned. The Joy of this vifiory, 
 of it fclfe ample enough , was abundantly encreafed by other as glorious fucceffes •, Fortune 
 fcldom obfervinga mean on either hand. For iV»V«»w<!ir^>« perceiving himfelf to have fain into 
 a remedilefTc Errour , not knowing what to doe , as he returned to Tarentus , was met by 
 Rnfintis , loft great part of his men, and very hardly efcaped himfelf with the Reft; When 
 not being content to defend one Citie he loft two. For the Locrianslikewife being animated 
 with this fucceffe , having flain the garrifon Pyrrhus left among them , with the goveinour of 
 it, whofe oppreffion they could no longer endure , betook chemfelvcs to the friendfliip of the 
 Romans. Notwithftanding this Proceffe of affaires , the Samnites and other nations were not 
 fo far dejeded , but that ftill they refolved to endure the worft that Fortune could bring upon 
 them , encouraged , befide their own innate obftinacy , with their Hops oiTjrrhm's Returne, 
 "hearing the news of his viftorys in Sicily. For Pyrrhus ( that we may relate his afiions out of 
 lulj alfo,which were performed in thofe times and places.having influence upon,and being joyned 
 with the Reman affaires ) having fctlcd things at Syracufe and Leontium , went about the fame 
 time with his Army to Agrigentum , meeting MefTcngers by the way with News , that the 
 Carthaginian Carifon was thruft out of the City, and that the Agrigcntincs yielded thcmfelves 
 and all they had into his protedion -, which accordingly at his coming they did. For Seffiratits 
 ( who had dcliveredup.y;r(»c«/e tohim) together with the Citie, prefented him with eight 
 thoufand foote, proper young men, and eight hundred horfe, a force nothing inferiour to the Epi- 
 rots /"jrr/jaj brought with him. Thirty other Cities, which Sofijirams had the command of, 
 did by his means fubmit themfelves to the Kings difcretion. 
 
 Thcfe things thus tranfaded , he fent to Syracufe for all forts of weapons and engines,which 
 were of ufe in the fiege of Cities. For now his defign was to affault the Cities under the Cartha- 
 ginian Junfdidion, having an army of thirty thoufand, befides fifteene hundred horfe , and 
 the Elephants he brought over into Sicily. The firft he tookc was HerncUa , where was a Pu« 
 nick garrifon , then tyizont-^ After which the Selinuntians , Halicyacans , and jEgeftians fol- 
 lowing his fortune forfook the Carthaginian party , giveing an Example to many other Towncs 
 in the ftme quarter of doing the like. The Erycines , confiding in the number of their Auxili- 
 aries and ftrength of the place, he was refolved with all his power to affault, having therefore 
 order'd his men , himfelfe armed , coming up toward the walls , Vowed a Vow to Hercules, if 
 that day he (hould manifeit himfelf to the Grecians a Warriour worthy of the Race he came of 
 and the office he bore. After the figne was given , and that the defendants , with a cloud of 
 arr owes being driven from their ftations, gave way to the placeing ladders upon the walls, the 
 King himfelfe firft of all men entred into a moft noble fight againft all oppofcrs , turn bling fome 
 down With his (heild , (laying others with his fword, and terrifying ail with the greatnefTc of 
 his Courage and ftrength^ neither was this fight more glorious to him, then in every confidcrati- 
 on profptfrous; for without receiving any wound , with great honour he gained the Citie at thac 
 one ftorm , his fouldiers being no lefle animated bv his Example iiicn fcarefull of his danger, for 
 both which reafons they fought with tl»e grcaccr contention. He then did facrifice to Hercules ac- 
 cording to his vow, and for many days exhibited Plays and Shows offeverall kinds in great 
 Magnificence and Pompe. In this year I find there was a Triumph at Rome over the Lucanians 
 and Brutians before the Nones oflam^rj. But I wonder to find it afcribcd to C. lur.itu , feeina 
 RufttM his Province was amongftthem, and that he tooke two famous Cities , and that other- 
 Authours ftile him a Triumphal Man. 
 
 Rome being not very fecare, confidering the progrefs of Pyrrhus his affairs, was otherwifc 
 much terrified with Prodigies and Peftilence ; The moft horrid Omen was, that the ftatue of fu- 
 fiter Cafitdinus being fmitten with Thunder , the head thereof was ftrucken off and carried 
 quite away, neither could it be found but by the art and care of the South-fayers. The Plague 
 likewife committed great flaughter amongft them , taking away man and beaft by a common 
 Murrain ; but was moft formidable in Abortions, for there was no young ones almoft of man or 
 beaft which came forth fafe and entire , infomuch as it was believed the anger of the gods 
 would confume all living creatures. Which Affliftion made the other Confulfhip of ^ Fa- 
 (rixs Maximus Gorges very famous, wherein he had CGenufius Clepfitia for his Colleague. 
 And yet they left not off their war againft the Samnites and Lucanians ; and two certain ar- 
 guments there are that they made great flaughter of their enemies^ for the fame year ^. Fa- 
 ^»V« the Conful Triumphed over the Samnites, Lucanians and Brutians in the Quirinals ; and 
 thofe people fent Letters to Pyrrhus and EmbalTadors, declaring, They were utterly undone with- 
 out fpeedy htlf -^ that they couU no longer fudain the f offer «f the Romans, but tnuft of necejfttj 
 prevent the uttermofi extremity hy yielding up themfelves. This thing much inclined Pyrrhus to 
 depart the Illand and tranfport his forces again into /f^/j, feeing alfo his affairs now to be 
 more .difficult in J'««7y, byrcafontheaficaionsof men grew cold j and, by the conffderation of 
 fome injuries received, were turned into hatred againft him. 
 
 Which his refolution, and theferics of enfuing affairs, that they may the better be under- 
 ftood, 1 have thought good more at large to relate his Adions at the prefent. When there- 
 fore he had pofleffed himfelf of fr/AT, and plsced a Garifon in it , he marched to the City of 
 thet/£^/«f which is of a very convenient Situation, near the Haven of Panormus, and well 
 fenced with works ; there being received with the good will of the Citizens, he removed his 
 
 Camp
 
 In place of Livie's Fourteenth 'Boo\. ip 
 
 Camp CO Pan^irmmit felf, which received its name from che fair and ample haven which lead- Pol)hiut j.^6 
 cchcoic: This he took by force, and having likewife taken a place called Epirfle, feated in P'onl ■ 'pui 
 a plealant mountain , but upon hard pafTages, between Pdnormtu and £rjx, he had now the p"'-''/'"-'" c i " 
 pofleilion of ail the Carthaginian Province , excepting only iL«7/^^«w. This City was lately " *" '"^ 
 built by the Carthaginians, as an habitation for the Mixtians, whofe town Dionyfut ihc Ty- 
 rant had in the Punick War demoliftied. Wherefore the Carthaginians, feeing that of all their 
 dominions in i'»ci7x , thcirhopcs were confin'd to this only place, refoived with their utmoft 
 ftrengch to defend it againfi: the preparations they underilood Pjrrhus made for the fiegc of it. 
 Wherefore bringing in thither a conliderabie ftrength of Souldiers, with plentiful provihon, as 
 likewife amunition of all forts (which they had opportunity enough to do, having the command 
 of the feas) they diligently adhibited ail care poflible to fence it on every (ide : Efpecially 
 where it lay open to the land they ereded many Forts and Towers, cncompaffed with large 
 ditche.' : Their work was the looner finiftied, in regard the town being for the moft part of it 
 built upon the Rocks of the fea, needed no artificial Bulwarks in thole places. Now, though 
 they made great preparations for the War, and had hired many forces, as from other Countries, 
 fo from Italy alio j yet they lent Embafladors , promifing , If thej could obtain pace upon 
 tcjual conditions, to affifl himwithmonj andjhipj. Pyrrhtts would hearno mention of money , Zamras'. 
 defiring only to retain thofe Cities he had taken, feeming willing to allow them the pofleflion of fh^'urih 
 Lilybiium. But the Kings friends, and the Sicilian Princes enforming him , That fo longas the'i^!^''''^'^^ 
 ^arthaginiant held Lilybzum, (m a ladder ready prepared whereby to fcale alt the re/l of Sici- 
 ly) the l^attd'^oHld never ht void of the fear »f them ; caufed him to return anfwer, That there 
 was but thu one condition of peace he Vfoutd agree to, to wit. That they fliould clearly quit Sicily -, 
 and/nffer the fea to be the bounds of eithtr's dominions. The hopes of peace being thus broken , 
 off, hedraweth his forces forthwith toward the City, and Marfhalling his army not far from 
 the walls, in fuch order as thofe who were tired might ( by turns) be relieved by frefh men, he 
 began the affault. But the Lilybitans having a fufficient number of fouldicrs to defend them , 
 and being provided of Engines and Amunition kept the City fafe. For the Carthaginians had 
 brought in fo many Catapults and Scorpians that the whole compafle of the walls was not able 
 to receive them, 
 
 when therefore a fhower of all forts of weapons and darts overwhelmed the Kings Men, flay- 
 ing many and wounding more , they defifted from their Enterprizc. Pyrrhm like wile (et him- 
 fclfe to work to make Engines of Battery , befide thofe he brought from Jjrr.icw/tf , and digging 
 Mines under ground , he attempted all arts belonging to a fiege : But the Carthaginians ftoutly 
 refiiting , when he had for almolt two months wearied himfclf in vaiae, and faw that the befieg- 
 ed having free cgreflc and regrefTe at fea , the Citie could not be taken , he broke up his fiege 
 andemploy'dhis forces other where. For fome Greek Cities, befides other heavy opprcffions, 
 being cocnpcUed to pay tribute , implored his afliftance againft the Mamcrtines , living upon piuunb 
 the iea coaft. Tyrrhw therefore leading his Army in halt, when he had taken and flainfomc pclybiusi.S^ 
 M^mertines he found gathering Taxes in tUof« pUres . Encountring their main body proved Flutmb 
 Conqucrour , and took by force and demolifli'd many of their Garrifon. And hitherto the 
 King by his lllullrious performances had obtained great Power and Honour , having befide his 
 other Vertues , with his lingular Humanity not only won , but deferved the Love and Affedions 
 of the Cities. But this fo great Faelicity, which one would think fo firmcly grounded , was in a feieHus Hifti 
 moment dcftroy'd , as by that Levity of.Mind which was never wanting in this people , and by Sic.d«.i.b.x 
 the Intemperance of his friends, fochiefely by the Kings own fault. Who, being in adverfity 
 irreprehenfibly good, was puffed up with pride in his profperity , in which Condition Mens 
 minds are indeed generally found to be wcakeft. When therefore, as we have faid, he efteemed a 
 Flet neccffary for the accomplifliment of his undertaking , and that though he had many 
 ihips, yetthey were not well furnifti'd with Sea men, he very much offended'the City with ^Tlisterch 
 ftrift'prcfs of Sea men ; being now on a fuddcn changed , and from his former gentlenefs pro- 
 ceeding to proud commands, threats and extreme punifhmentt ; thefe things nevcrthelefs were 
 tolerated, as having the pretence of publick good. But , when they faw thofe very men to be 
 flain by whofe good will and afliftance chiefly he had obtained Sicily, many people, not by 
 degrees, orinterpofingdelayes,but on the fuddcn changing their minds, revolted from his friend- 
 {hip, and applied thcmfelvcj ( as for every one was molt opportune) fome to the Carthagi- 
 nians fome to the Mamcrtines. So that cruelty , which when it is alone is alwayes grievous, 
 doch then become utterly intolerable, when being cxercifed againft the wcll-dderving, it con- 
 trafteth ( befide the hatred properly due to it felf) thedeteftationof an unthankful and perfi- 
 dious mind. He feemcth to have brought himfelf to this ncceflity of governing by violence, 
 bcingtoomuch overruled by the naughty Affeftions and counfels of his own men, for unto 
 them (being no whit better) didhcbeftowthc riches which were fequeftrcd from the friends and 
 kinfmenof tyigathocles. The chief Magiftracics of Cities he committed to his Penfioners and Dion.t^i 
 Captains, not according to the ibtutcs and cuftoms of the Cities, nor for the due time prefcrib- f'lj/t/iwB 
 cd, but in what manner, and for as long as he pleafed. Law fuits, andcontroverfies, and the 
 whole iidminirtration of publick bufineffei he aflbmed to himfclf, referring many to his Familiars 
 and Favourite*, who were hateful for their avarice and luxury, alike intentupon gainngand 
 fpending mony by wickedncfs, who being greedy to fatisfie their own Uft, make no diftindion 
 
 becwcetf '
 
 ^o 
 
 The Supplement of Livie, Book IV. 
 
 Zenartu 
 
 Dhnyfius 
 
 Zoni'is 
 
 Vitnyf. 
 
 Fluurch 
 Fjrrht.CSi- 
 
 lllufi. XI X 
 Pluurch 
 Afpia.n apud 
 Vdepun 
 
 Fluurib. 
 
 Vdufiit. b. I 
 
 Flunnh 
 Appiin 
 
 Zcmrtsi 
 
 Fyrrbt.c. y? 
 
 Polyb.i. 18 
 Vluttrib 
 
 Lti/.i^.iS 
 
 Apftin 
 apud f^Jilcpim 
 Vio. apud f^i 
 Upum 
 
 between Right and Wrong. Mens mindes being hereby ircenfcd tbcy begun firflto murmur, 
 afterward openly to Complain , why thej had repented of their former Cor.dttien^ if new the ve- 
 ry fame things W-ere to he horn Vfithali ? that in vain Was Vyrrhui invited and riceived ^ if he 
 flhdied to imitate thofe manners he came to punijh j that no injttrj can fojfihlj he cffo /harp fenfe 
 and Apprehenfion , as that whereof he is the Author who ought to have heen the ^Avenger. And 
 now many began not very obfcurely to move fedition, and caufe a Revolution of things, where- 
 as he hearkning to pernicious Counfeli , chofe rather to encreafe caufes of Offence , then take 
 them away: as if what evil was by Injuftice committed, were by Cruelty to be mended. In 
 the meane time the Carthaginians, obferving that Pyrrhns was not very ftrong in his own Coun- 
 try forces , and was daily lefs affefted by the Sicilians, conceiving hopes of recovering their 
 loft Province, had fent over an new Army which found bulinefs enough for theEpirots, many 
 flying over to them who flood in fear of Pyrrhui's cruelty. Pyrrhus under pretence of the Pu- 
 nick War, introducing Garrifons into the Cities, refolved by falfe accufations of Treafon to take 
 away the lives of thegrcateft men, thinking afterward the moreeafily to keep the people in 
 awe. At length he aimed at Thsnio ind Sojiflratus, the principal men of the whole Ifland, by 
 whofc afllftancc chiefly (as we have declared) he obtained toe command of Sicilj. Thunio 
 was flain, SeftfiratHs fled to the enemy, affording him no lefle help and authority to the raft- 
 ing Pjrrhfis out of Sicilj f then he had before to the bringing him in and confirming him 
 there. 
 
 Upon this many Cities revolring , greater part to the Carthaginians, fome to the Mamertincs, 
 FjrrkHi his affairs wereireduced from a moft flouriftiingCondition to a very narrow and evil ftate. 
 In this Conjunfture the erabafTage of his Italian confederates came not unwelcome to him , com- 
 plaining , That haveing loft all things , thejf had very few Cities left which were able with much 
 ado to keep the Enemj from entring their walls. This gave him a faire and honourable Pretence 
 of departing , that he might feeme, not expelled out of J'j"«/y by the Carthaginians , But to 
 return into Italy for the Relief of his opprelTcdaflbciates. Being now juft going, when he 
 ferioufly confidered the fcituation and wealth of the Ifland , and difpofition of the Inhabitants, 
 O ( faith he ) what a fair field do we leave the Romans and Carthaginians to fight in for Supe- 
 riority 1 And his Prefage proved true, as was witnefled by the wars fuddenly enfuing, wherein fo 
 many Navies were deftroyed, and Armies routed. 
 
 But the Enemies Courage increafing with their Fortune , Tyrrhus had neither a fafe depar- 
 ture out of Sicily , nor a quiet Voyage to the Tarentines in Italy. The Carthaginians aflault- 
 ing him in his Paflagecrofs the fea, funk feventy of his (hips, and made the reft ufelefs ( the 
 Epirots almoft utterly unskilful in Maritinc affaires, being not able to grapple with men of fucb 
 Experience therein) fohe fled out of the Fight with Twelve (hips \nto Italy , who bad come 
 thence, with above an hundred, befides a greater number of (hips of Burthen. But gathering 
 together thofe fouldiers who made a (hifc from the Overthrow to efcape tofhore, he had 
 prefentiy a ftrength fo great that he conceived hopes of taking i?J-<^g'«'w by ftorme. But be- 
 ing beaten off by the Campanians who defend.-^ ;c, ne preiently fell into a great danger. Foe 
 as he led his Army through bima and difficult paiTages , the Enemy out of Ambufh fell upon 
 bisRcare, and (lew a great Number of his Men, with two Elephants. 'Twas no contempti- 
 ble force, neither for Number nor the quality of the Warriours, which thusaffaulted him j 
 they were little lefs then ten thoufandold fouldiers, moft of them Mamertines, who trufting in 
 their friendfhip and cognation with the Rhegians , having underftood that Pyrrhus intended to 
 return for Italy, had crofTed the fea before him, and in hope of prey had privily difpofcd of 
 themfclvcs in advantageous places to make a fudden irruption upon him. 
 
 Pyrrhtis ^ according to his wonted Boldnefle fighting in tbe front of his Battel , received a 
 wound in his head,which when he was gone afide to urcfs, one of the enemies of large ftature, and 
 gallant in his Ajrmour , advancing before the reft of his Fellows , Challeng'd him with a loud 
 Voice, bidding him. If he were a live, to come forth, /'yrriwj burning with anger , and 
 Terrible in Countenance , the Wood running about his face, his men not being able to hold 
 him , made a fudden affault upon him , and with a blow on his head ftruckhim to the ground. 
 'Tis reported, his fword was fo well temper'dandhis Armcfoftrong , thatatoneftrokehe 
 cleft the Man in funder,even from the head to the bottom of his body, his parts on each fide divi- 
 ded falling to the ground. The enemie terrified with the ftrange novelty of this fpeftacle , and 
 admiring him as above the ordinary Ranke ofMcn, left off the fight. Pyrrhus, beingridof 
 this trouble, had notwithftanding little joy. For, inafmuch as he now loft pari of his Carri- 
 age', and that the wealth he had gathered by the fpoils of the Sicilians, was loft in his laft fight 
 with the Carthaginians, he was in great want of moneys, fo that his fouldiers murmuring for 
 pay, knowing not how clfewhere to provide it, he wascompell'd to feize upon the Treafury of 
 Proferpinei Her Church at Locri was in thofe dayes moft famous fofthe Reputation of its 
 holincfs •, which town, when Pjrrhus had taken by the aflilhnce of his fi-.ftion within it, he com- 
 mitted many horrid fads by flaughtcr and rapine, more then the juft revenge of his flainGar- 
 , rifon did require. But there being nothing left which men would or could contribute to him, he 
 laid hands on the holy money , being urged thereunto by his worft friends , who had moft com- 
 monly been the authors of every pernicious counfc! : Thefe were Evagorus the fon of Thetdo- 
 THSj Baliccr the fon of Nicandar, and Dinarchus the fon of Niceas. They did not only per- 
 
 fwade
 
 In place of hivk's Fourteenth ^ooJ^ 31 
 
 fwade fyrhiis , telling him that all things mult yield toNecefficy , but were themfelvcs iri- 
 ftruments in the facriledge, diging up a valt fummeof Gold , which had many years been pre- suJash 
 ferved in vaults underground. Pjrrhus xeioycmgiiiA,' there is nothing mite faoUfli then u»- "ACwQ- ' 
 feufonahle Devotion^ *nd n^t to accept of Al^ney ready prefur'd toont'i handii the part of a mad ■^?f'-"'' 
 mx>i. And putting it into his fhips he gave order to have it carried to Taren'.m , hirafelf going 
 by land. 
 
 But this his fad was not more foule in the Commiflion, then it was unhappy in thelffue. Zivle.i^.it 
 A flornrre fuddenly arifing upon the change of Wind, in the night time, turned about the (hips -^PPi^"- 
 inthedark; breaking fome into pieces, and forcing others intothe Maine. The fhips which 'P"'-f'""'' 
 conveiqhed the Holy Money being fhatter'd and torne into pieces, were funk with all the men in ij'yji [g^i^, 
 them but the money it felfc lying upon fome loofe planks , was by the waves carried to the ' '. 
 
 fhore very neer the Temple, from whence it was the day before taken. Pjrriwj underftanding '''''^^'"'•'•'•*. 
 the Accident , commanded the money to be dtjigently gather'd up and returned to its former suiilit^ in 
 place, thinking thereby to appcafe the Angry Deity. Neverthelefs henceforward he had no ':^ct§M^i(ri£^ 
 better fuccefs , Fortune Eluding all his Dehgnes whatfocver , even thofe which were upon tJ-iy&- 
 good advice, and Virtuoufly undertaken. VVhich he did alwayes after conftantly impute to the ^''''^^ 
 Anger of the Offended Goddefs^ as Proxcinns the writer of his Hiftory, and himfelf in his Com- 
 mentafy doaffirme; and when the thing was newly done, not being able by many Sacrifices to Affinn 
 make propitiarion to T'i'fl/e'-pwd, he put to death all the Authors of that unhappy Counfell , 
 the inftruments of the Faft , and every one who had but lightly confentcd to the Commiffion 
 of it. And thefe being executed according to their Defcrts, 'Tyrrhus profecuting hit De- Plutmb' 
 fign had afterward a quiet journey to 7'<»rf«f«j ^ The Romans being ftill more afflidedwith Py"^""'- li- 
 the Plague, and fearing anew war upon Pjrrhus his return \uto Italy , attempted all Mcanes 
 both Divine and Humane for their Relicfe. 'Twas an old opinion, that the Peltilence might ., 
 be flayed by the Diftatours ftrikeing in of a Naile^ for the Experiment of which hopes 'tis ""^7. j. 
 probable that P. Cornelius 7^«/j««y was chofenDidatour-,for asthe greatnefsof the Calamity pighius in 
 might well provoke them to try all Remedies , fo we find that Rufinus was the year after taken Aniul.RmiVi 
 notice of by the Cenfours , when he had been twice Confull and twice Didatour, neither can 
 there be found a more certain monument of, or a more convenient place for that his Didatour- 
 fhip. Againll the ficknefs providing what Remedy they could, their Chiefell: care and dili- 
 gence was required in matter of Armes , efpecially in regard of the Difficulty in raifing Men. 
 Forbefidesthe length of the Warre , the continuance of the Peftilence had made men weary of 
 cntring into adion , infomuch as the young Men did with wonderful Obftinacy decline the 
 fervice. But the feverity and conftancyof (JM. Cnrius DentatHs the fecond time Confull 
 overcame this their wilfulnefs , for he now had cntred the Magiftracy with L. Cornelius Lentu- 478. 
 lus his Colleague. When therefore in theCapitoll he firrt began his Lcavy, becaufenoman 
 anfwered, hecaufed the names of all the Tribes to be caft into an Urne. and the /'c//»rf» Tribe Vjrro'mSttjrM 
 coming out firft, he caufcd Uic ua man of that Tribe whofe name was drawn to be fummon'd ^ r4?oi.7!.? J'*- 
 and when he refufed to appear, he fcqueftred ana fold h.. c^nds : when afterwards he appealed f,*" ^^^''g 
 to the Tribunes complaining of the ConfuUs In jurtice, he fold him alfo, raying, T-e,^ c^mmo«. u^it Eiit.it 
 yveilth h4.i no need of fuch Citizens ^ho k^new not hew to obey. The Tribunes neverthelefs did 
 not relieve him , and afterward the example being judged very wholefom grew into Cuftome , 
 that when a Leavy was rightly and duly made, he who would not be a fouldicr fhould be (old 
 for a (lave. Others being terrified by this Precedent did the more readily give in their Names , 
 and having filled up their Legions both the Confulls marched intothe Enemies Country ; Len- 
 tulhs mio Lucania, Corius mto Samvi-im. Pjrrhus having intelligence of their metion, mu- piutitfcf; 
 fteredhis army atT.<rf«f«/, and found himfelf almoft twenty Thoufand ftronginFoot, tcge- Pfrrhtcith 
 iherwith three thoufand horfe. 
 
 With thefe and the choice young men of the Tarcntines heentred Sammum, but found not 
 the 1 nhabit^nts fo obediene as heretofore , they came rot in fo freely and readily as they had 
 done, not only becaule their courage was over-wearied with the great and many loffes they had 
 filtained, but bccaufe they were juftly exafperated, imputing all their calamities to Pyrrhus ^ 
 which they had not fuffered, had not he by his departure into Sicily betraid his Italian affoci- 
 ates. Neverthelefs he gathered together fo great a rtrength, that he fent one part into Lucania 
 to bufie the other Conful, while himfelf encountred Man.Curitu^ thinking if he once over- 
 came him, heftiouldeafily complete his Vidory over the reft. But the Roman very well un- Frontinttt 
 dcrftanding , that there is no Battalia comparable to the Macedonian Phalanx, when it hath *"'• ^' *• 
 Rome to (pread and expatiate it felf, kept himfelf in craggy and difficult places ; and bccaufe he 
 cxpeded help from Lucania , and that the Auguries alfo andEntrailes of beads promifed no 
 good fucceis, he declined fight as much as might be : fo much the more earneft was Pjrrhus to 
 engage before the two Confullar Armies were j'oyned together. Chufing therefore out of his 
 Army thofe who were moft forward, he refolved to afHiult the Roman Camp in the night time , 
 when he might not be difcovered. But while he prepared all things for his intended purpofe, he Dfos. apud 
 fell into a deep fleep and dreimt, that the greater part of his Teeth fell out, and thatanabun- ^'^v""* 
 dance of blood flowed out of his mouth ; in confideration whereof being much perplex'd, he in- 
 tended to defift from his enterprize •, but his friends eameftly perfwading him, l^efl he fhould ^^'''w^'wJ/a'/* 
 mver again h»ve the fame opportunitj oftr'd him, he gave order to advance. Near the City of *""?'"* •♦•8. 
 
 M^le-
 
 1% 
 
 The Supplement of Livie, BooklV. 
 
 fluimh 
 
 Fbtunh 
 
 t lotus. 1.8 
 
 Zontrii 
 
 Plvtirch 
 Fiona x.x 
 T>iony(. tfiii 
 Vixlefmm 
 Orofim 
 
 Emropius b. i 
 FroRtiniitftrat 
 4» 
 
 Vliiurch 
 iyUi c. I 
 
 Vd.Miximui 
 
 1.9.? 
 
 Liv.Epit. 
 
 Ftfti.C*pitiil. 
 t lotus i.i8 
 
 S(neci it Bttv, 
 vitK.c.i} 
 
 Eutriipiiu 
 
 Mileventum (for that was the name of it in thofe daycs) are Mountainous and Woody places , 
 which by degrees ftretching themfelves into fomewhat more even ground, at length end in a Very 
 fair and open plain which is called by the name of the 7<i»>-^77«f>'»>/d!/. 
 
 Now Pyrrhm beginning his journey from the Lower grounds up to the hills and woods , when 
 his lights failed,was wildred for want of knowjedg in the wayes, in fo much tha: (the day breake- 
 ing ) 'he was difcovered from the Roman camp. The Romans being moved at the untxpefted 
 approach of theenemie, yet, (becaufe there was no doubt made but fight they muft , and 
 their facrifices now proveing more favourable) with the ConfuU's conduft cheerefully iflfued out , 
 and falling upon the foremoft of the enemy , ( who were far from the Main body , and not in 
 very good order) drove them backward, killing no fmall number of men, and taking fome 
 Elephants which the enemy left behind. This fuccefle encouraged Curias , to follow his For- 
 tune and defcend into the open field in Battc!-aray prepared to fight. Neither did theEpirots 
 ma.ke any delay. The encounter was very fierce and furious on both fides , but the Romans 
 having had the upper hand inthelateskirmifti, were much fuller ofCourage and hopes, The 
 Epirots giving back , Tyrrlons now again fought Refuge from his Elephants , and thereby ( one 
 ofhis own wings flying) he forced one of the Romans Wings to retire even to their Referve. 
 There had the Conful placed a ftrong force ( refolving upon this occafion to engage himfelf) 
 which he commanded, being now frefli, to renew the fight, and beat back the Elephants. For- 
 mer experience had taught them an eafie and ready way to oppofe thefebeaftt, that they were 
 fooncr diverted by fire then the fword : Againft them therefore were provided Iron inftru- 
 ments involved in much Pitch and Tar, which, being feton fire , were darted upon the backs and 
 Towers of the Elephants , and whether they light on the skin of the beafts , or on the wood of 
 the Towers, they ftuckfaft by reafon of their hooked (harp points. Thefe inftruments and di- 
 vers forts of darts, being flung from the upper ground, drove the Elephants into fury, partly 
 by terror, partly by the pain of their wounds, fo that their maftecs not being able to govern 
 them, they ruflied back upon their own battel, filling it with fear and flaughcer The begin- 
 ning of this Rout is reported to be by a young Elephant, which being wounded in his head, fent 
 forth a querulous noife, at which known voice the Dam wasfirft ftartkd , and fhe increafing 
 the tumult, at length the reft were all in confufion and turned into flight. Very remarkable 
 wasthisfight, bothforthenumberof theflainand thcfruicof the viftory. For Txyr^w/ be- 
 ing hereby utterly overthrown, neither did the reft of 7fd/y long hold out, neither, after Italy, 
 •was any other Nation and King able toftand againft them. 'Tis faid the King in that Battel had 
 thrice the number of the Romans, even fourfcore thoufand foot, and fix thoufandhorfe- of 
 thele they who report the moftfay, fix and thiity thoufand were flain, they who report the leaft, 
 fay fix and twenty thoufand; thirteen hundred were taken prifoners, and eight Elephants. 
 Pyrrhus with a few horfmen efcaped to Taretitus. The Camp of Pyrrhus being taken, as itcau- 
 fed admiration, fo was it of great ufe to the Romans. For they heretofore , as other people , 
 ordered their Camp (catterinfily by companies in rK^nnanncr of Cottages : "P^nhus is held to 
 be the firft who rightly meafu^ingciiiU aividing fpaccs , contained the whole Army within one 
 Trench; and by lis example the Romaus being afiiftcd , and adding what they thought conve- 
 nient, attained to that moft perfed manner of pitching their Camps which afterwards they 
 ufed. 
 
 This year was very famous, not only for their happy war abroad , but by reafon alfo of Do- 
 meftick affairs, andthenotablefeverity of their City Difcipline. ^Fi^bricim Lujcitius^ and 
 ^ Smilius Papn>\ being Cenfors together, took away from many thePublickhorfes,andpaf- 
 fed by many in calling the Senate. But moft remarkable was Cornelius Rufinus his note of Infa- 
 my, who having been twice Conful and twice Diftator, was ejefted the Senate by the Cenfors, 
 and this reafon given of his Punifhment, That thij foundin his houfe the weight vj ter. founds in 
 fUtetoferve at rf)eals ; And in this Condition not only himfelf but his Family foralongtime 
 remained,whercof not any one attained to the higheft honours, before SjUa the Dilator. 
 
 Such was the Parfimony of this Citic in thofe dayes , and afterward fo great the extravagancy , 
 that it was by the Fathers condemned as an argument of intolerable Luxury , what tlieir chil- 
 dren would (hortly efteem but a bafe and contemptible piece of honfh Idftufie: Every mans 
 eftate being cefTed and valued , the Army was purged by facrifices ; there were ceffcd two hun- 
 dred fevcnty one thoufand , two hundred twenty four Citizens Both Confuls entred the 
 Capitoll in triumph, firft Curius , whofe triumph was the more iiluftrious, as for the fame of 
 his Exploits, and great joy ofhis viftory , fo did it exceed in Pomp and fplendcur. For 
 heretofore their triumphs being over poor People their neighbours, were let out only v- i h 
 broken armes and Gallick waggons, nor any fpoiles led but flockes and herd? uf Catte I Hut 
 now there wasaworthy ftiew both forthevarietieofNationswhich were led Captivebefore the 
 Chariot , and for the Beauty and Magnificence of the fpoyls. Epirots, ThefTali.ms Macedo- 
 nians, Apulians, Lucanians, Brutians were led Bound , there were carried Painted fables , 
 the works of choice and rare Artificers, Gold, Purple, with other beyond Tea rarietie, and 
 the inflrumentoftheTarentine Luxury. But the moft wonderful and joyful fpec^facle were rhe 
 Elephants with their four Towers on their backs, (for the reft were dead of their wounds) 
 This was the firft time they were ever feen at /fowe ; the common people called t^em Lura-Bnlls^ 
 giving them their name from the creature they were hitherto beft acquainted with, and their 
 
 deno-
 
 In place of \^\w its Fourteenth ^ool^ 33 
 
 denomination from the place they firft faw them in ; within fewdayes after was the other Cori- 
 fulls Triumph nothin:^ fo gallant, though his performances were not to be defpifed ^ he had 
 overthrown the Samnitesand Lucanians, and taken manyTownes, but incompanfonof Cnrius 
 his Glory the Efteem of thefe things were not fo high. Among the relt who had Rewards be- 
 ftow'd on them for their Courage , he gave to Sev. (ometius (Jlieren^a a Crown of Gold out p^;„ , j ^■ 
 of the fpoiles , becaufcbyhis hclpchiefly a Certain Town of the Samnites was taken While 
 the Romans thus cnjoy'd the comfort of their ViAories, the Enemy was in a far different 
 porture. They had been long weary of Pyrrhus his Domination , but now after this un- 
 happy fight , their mindes were fo filled with fear and Indignation that they could take 
 no Reft. 
 
 The King having been a long timeaverfe from the Roman Warre, now utterly defpairing of 
 theConqncft, thought of nothing more then how to get fafely and honourably out of Italy. 
 But keeping his Counfcil to himfelfe , he encouraged his AfTociates , Thatthtj Jhculdnot be 
 cafl JoTvn by one unlnckjj Overthrow , th^t they had net received fo much lofs bj the lajt fight ^ as 
 bj the former they had canfed to the Ramans^ v>bo notwithflanding could not be ftrf^aded to Peace 
 upoM eijaal Conditions ; That now they fhonld imitate the Reman Conflancy , and rtferve them- 
 felvesfor better fortune, and all would yet go well ; That there is jet ftrength fufficicnt left,ri>heri- 
 by to maintain a long JVarre ; That in Greece he had rnanj l-'otent friend', jr^m rrhom he might 
 certainly ex fed fuccour. Neither were thefe things incredible. For he had already, efpecially ^ujiinusij.i', 
 hy Ttolomj (who was then King of Macedon) been manifeHly aflltted^ he being then in great 
 Eftimation both among Greeks and Barbarians , being much honour'd by the Etolians (tlien Dionyf.tfud 
 a moft powerful Nation) as alfo by the Macedonians and the Kings of lUyrtum, having obliged yj-^fntm. 
 fome by Courtefies, others by Fear. Yet all his boaftingwas more with intent, to retain his 
 Confederates (now ready to revolt) infidelity, till the feas were open for his Returne, then 
 to continue the Warre^in Italy , or that he put any Truft in Forreign Aid. Sending neverthe- paufinla.h.t', 
 lefshis EmbafTadours to the Kings of a-^yf^i and Macedonia^ of fome he craved moneys, ofjH^wwxj.i. 
 others Men, of Antiq^onus (who was then Kngof Macidon) he craved both. With rhefe 
 hopes keeping his aflbciates firme to him (having in the mean time underhand provided all 
 things for his Departure) his EmbafTadours now returned from Antigonus. Affembling there- 
 fore hisown and the Italian Princes, he read unto them not thofe Letters which nowhere- poiyams 
 ceiyed , but others which came before from Antigonus , promifing plentiful! A/iiftance fud- itrtuigemtt. 
 denly to be fent •, By this Craft having deluded both his own Aflbciates , as alfo the Romans 6. 6. 
 who garrifon'd neer him, the night following without any hindrance he hoyfed faile, and 
 made the Cnaunian Mountaines a Promontory of Epirus. But that he might feem not dif- 
 honourably to have relinquifhed the war, and ingenerate a beliefeof his Return after he had 
 accomplifhed the Defign he was cail'd afide for, he left behind him yl^»Vo to defend the Caftlc 
 ofTarenttts, and chat te might not onely by hope of Reward , but by fearof the likePunifti- 
 ment , continue faithfull , he gave nim a fc« «,hofe cover mas made of Niciat his skin , 
 whom he had put to death for his Treafon againft him. Leaving therefore wirh him a garrifon 
 of fouldiers, with the Reft (to wit eight thoufand foot, and five hundred horfe) he returned piutarcb 
 into his Kingdom, having been f]K yeares abfent. At Rome not knowing but that Pyrrhus Fjrrbo.t $7, 
 would renew the warre , they did at their Aflembly choofe M. (^urius Confull again, becaufe 
 he onely bating had good fuccefs againft the King , was thought like to carry on the warre with 
 greateft Authority, and beft fortune , of the Patricians Sir, Cornelius Merenit was chofen , 
 being promoted by his late purchafed honour, and the Commendation of hisC»untreymen . 
 under whofe command he was laft year •, Thefe being made Co'ttfull^sconverred the heat of the 
 warre againft the Lucanians, Samnitesand Brutians, whodefending themfelves rather by the 
 Difficulty of Places then by Armes, gave no occafion of any Memorable adion like the for- 
 mer. Neither was C«r««.f his Glory hereby diminifhedj everyone ftill judging, that that 
 Valiant K. P/f/^w/ fled not fo much for the overthrow fuftain'd , as fearing (ucli a Captain as 
 Curius now again coming forth againft him. To him therefore was attributed the Glory of ^^^^j^ 
 having chafed Tyrrhus out of Italy , and tinifhing the Warre. In that year which followed E^it. 14. 
 Curtus his Third Confulftiip , there came EmbafTadours from the Alexandrine Kings with Eu:rBpius. b'.i.' 
 gifts to Rvme^ and in the Conililftiip of C. Dorfo and C. Claudius Camna , Ptolomeuj Phila- 
 delphns hearing of Pyrrhus his flight, fent to congratulate with the Romans, and todefirero '' °" 
 he Efitemed their Ftieni and Ajfociate. The Romans thought it very honourable that their Zcmrss 
 Friendship was fought by Kings (0 Potent and farre diftant,' therefore courteoufly receiving and ^^'^!"' 
 entertaining the Embafladours, they agreed to enter League with Ptolomy, for the Confirmation ^j°^_ jpud *'' 
 whereof, and to return the like Kind office to the King5,they fent EmbafTadoures to him chofen puiMrfinm. 
 out of their Principal Men , of the Confulars III. F alius G urges ^ and with him C. Fabius Efit Livie, 
 PiCltr, and Numerius Fabius Piilor^ and ^ Ogulinus. Thefe being gone, theConfulls ZoijrAr. 
 had good fuccefs againft the Italian People, whoftiHoutof Neceflityand Dcffaire kept up A.^^l'c^^'^ 
 their Armes. The Triumph which Claudtus Cani»a made in the ^/r»Kj/// over the, Luca- capiiolin.' 
 nians , Samnites and Brutians , is an Argument, that his Aftions were ot the greater Confe- Marmara. 
 qucncc : But the Joy of all this Profperity was fomewhat diminifti'd by Stx-i/ij a Veftall Vir- j^^^-^ j-.y^ 
 gin, who againft the Rules of her Order being found guilty of Inceft , was thought to provoke 
 the Anger of the Gods. 
 
 F. But
 
 ?4- 
 
 The Supplement of Livie, Book IV. 
 
 Oropia 4. i 
 VclUiici 1. 14 
 
 43 1 
 
 LivieM-9 
 lonins 
 
 Livii J I J I 
 
 Liv.Epit. 
 
 Plutdrch 
 Pjinhoc^j, 
 
 Vlunnb 
 
 Sitiho 
 
 Ovidia ibim 
 
 Vionyl. ipid 
 Vilcfium 
 
 Juftin.ty^ 
 
 Zcmris. 
 
 OropHs 4. J' 
 
 But appeafing the gods by Sacrifices and Ceremonies, they turned thepuniftiment on the 
 head of the delinquent, and buryed her alive at the Colline Gate. While the fame men were 
 Confuls there were Colonies planted, Cufa among the Volfcians, and in LncHnUP-iJlhtim^ 
 which the Greeks call Pofidotiia -, this City thcLucanians had taken from the Sybarites, and from 
 them it lately came under the jurifdiftion of the Romans. The memory of the year following 
 is more notable, as putting an end not only to the war of the Sanirites and others, but of the 
 Tarentines alfo. L. PaphiusCurfor^ and Sp- Carviltus the fecond time Confuls, having Zw- 
 cama^Samnium, with the Brutians and Tarentines for their Provinces, did by the;»' wifdom 
 and worthy deeds fulfil the expedation of all men, for indeed this pair of Confuls wasonput- 
 pofe chofen in hope of finifliing the War this year. The Samnites being conquer'd by Carvi- 
 /»w the leventy firft year after the war firft began, did now with greater laithfulnefs receive the 
 conditions of Peace impofed on them. Ltt. Papirius with great /laughter having overcome the 
 Brutians and Lucanians, compelled them to fue for peace. But Cas it happens in one main war 
 againft many neighbouring People, the confines of whofe Territories were interchangeably mix- 
 ed) TapirtHs had to do alfo with the Samnites, CarvUifij with the Brutians and Lucanians, and 
 both of them with the Tarentines. Neither were the forces only of the Tarentines routed and 
 put to flight, but their City alfo recover'd into obedience. Which bufinefs ought to be the 
 more pundually related, becaufe, befides the Viftory of a moft famous City, it comprehendeth 
 the death of Pjrrhus, thefubtilcy of the Carthaginians, and the firft beginning of emulation 
 between them and the Romans. 
 
 Tyrrhus, when two years fince he failed from Italy, left a Garrifon in the Caftle of Taren- 
 ttis, thereby to beget hopes of his return, which afterward being the more confidently expe- 
 ftedby rcafonof hisfuccefsin J/rfCf^W<r, did ftrengthcn the minds of the Italians againft their 
 prefent lofTes. For being a man of a fierce ftirring fpirit, not able long to reft , he had made 
 war upon t^ntigonHs^heoiuiehe fent hiranoaffiftance into Italy, and overcoming him in a 
 fet battel, had almoft driven him out ©f his Kingdom. Whence the Romans were in perpetu- 
 al fear leaft he (hould return into Italy with a more numerous Army, and renew the war more 
 heavily then before. But his unexpeded death did fuddenly cut off both his hopes and fears of 
 all men. For being infatiably defirous ofencrcafing his power, undep pretence of refetling CUo- 
 mens in his Kingdom of i"^<ir/^ (being then at odds with zyfreus) he eaired PehpoKne/us )f/ith 
 a purpofe to keep it in his own hands ■ and though he did in vain aflault their City, yet he af- 
 flifted the Lacedemonians with great calamities : In target , in the mean time, there being 
 two Fadions, y4rifiip pus the had of the one called in AntigoHus ^ Ariftias Patron of the 
 other invited Pyrrhns to his relief and for the pulling down his adverfary. For Antigonus 
 was alfo come into TeUpomefas to aflift the Lacedemonians againft the comraon enemy. In 
 the fame night at divers Ports were both the Kings fortes admitted into the City by the Ar- 
 gives. Pyrrhus underftanding his men were hard put to it- entred tHc ocy Iiimfelf, and behold- 
 ing a Brafs Statue of a Wolf and a Bull as tighti^g, was prclently po/Tefled with an opinion of 
 his approaching death. Forhc was informed by an antient Oracle, That that place would prove 
 fatal CO him where he fhouldfee a Wolf and a Bull fighting-, he was therefore refolved to 
 draw back his forces and retreat out of the City. But the Elephants and fouldiers coming in to 
 hisfuccour, meeting Hf/f«»j the fon of Pyrrhus^ quite flopped up thepaflage, fn that fome 
 ftriving to go out, fome to coHie in, the enemy likewife fore preffing upon thofe who gave back, 
 the Argives, Macedonians, Epirots and Lacedaemonians who came along with Arcus^ fome Ele- 
 phants alfo, all crouding and being crouded one by another in narrow Itreecs, caufed great feac 
 and tumult amongfi them. 
 
 Pyrrhtu in the midft of all, every where endeavouring to proted his own, and beat back the 
 enemy (giving advice, cryingout with his voice and lifting up his hand) was by a certain young 
 man of Argos lightly wounded with afpear. This young man*^ mother a posr old woman 
 (fitting among others upon the houfe top to behold the fight) when flie faw Pyrrhus in fury 
 and violence letting upon him who wounded him, being aftonifhed atherfon's danger,fudden- 
 ly fnatched up a Tile, and with both her hands flung it down on the Kings head. So miferable 
 and void of honour was Pyrrhus his death , then whom that Age brought not forth any man 
 more worthy , either for Courage of Mind,- Soundnefs in Counfel orSkil in Marflial affairs, 
 befides many other endowments both of Soul and Body. But by his Ambition he deftroy'd the 
 fruit of all his Labours, and defaced the Ornaments of his Virtue ; he would have been much 
 more happy if contented with his own fortune ; and certainly the moft potent Prince living had 
 he ufed as much Wifdom and Circumfpedion in keeping what he get, as did Valour and Induftry 
 in the acquiring. 
 
 This news, being brought into Italj ^ diddivcrfly, according to their feveral AfFedions, 
 caufe joy in fome Cities ,, and forrow in others. Other People who were at their own difpofal, 
 bought their Peace of the Romans upon what termes they could ; But the Garrifon of the Epi- 
 rots, and Aiilo governourofthe Caftle reftrained the Tarentines from ufirg their Liberty. Be- 
 tween whom, by degrees from lighter injurys and Reproaches , at lengdi brake out open Enmi- 
 ty ; fo that the Tarentines being on each hand prefTed with great Difficulties , having the Ro-< 
 mans their Enemies without the walls , and the Epirots within , fent Embaffadours to crave 
 fuccour from Carthage. The Carthaginians, who pofTeffcd great part of ^Vn/j and wiftied the 
 
 Coaft-
 
 In place of l^ivits Fourteenth ^oof{, 35 
 
 Coaft-Towns of Italy rather in their own hands then the Romans, readily came with a migh- 
 ty Navy , pretending only to caft out Milo , but refolving, if they gi'med Tare»t us , to L'vJ« Epitom' 
 maintain It againll the Romans. When therefore Z,. ?*?«><«.; the Conful was alfo come, T<«rfx- »4 
 tufWis ftiut up on all (ides , the Romans beleaguring that part of the Citie and Caftic by land, 
 the Carthaginians bclicging the fame Caftle by fea. The Romans, in this ftate of affaires , be- 
 ing no leffe lolicicous lelt the Carthaginians (hould take the Caftie then that themfelve* ftiould 
 loofe it, fubtilly attempting all means of vidory , treated with Aliio by Convenient MefTengcrs, 
 7l:>^t if'hy hn mcAns they ehainedTnTentUS , they would [hjfer himfclf , vith 4II his A'fen, lajelj ^''ontinus 
 to depart Vciih bag and haggage. Milo , fending nothing at prefent more convenient for him , ^f»"S"" J-J 
 deals with theTarentines . T hat joyningCounfels together they might deliberate ontheir Common 
 fafety: and at length perfwades them , TofendhimfelfEmbuffadourtoPaprius^ diligently to 
 conclude on Articles for all their Benefits. As they had willingly hereunto afTented out of weari- 
 neffe of Cares and dangers : Milo accordingly , being gone to the Conful , with whom he had 
 fecretly contrived his Defigne, brings back pretyfairc conditions, and a moft certain hope of 
 making an agreement not to be repented of The Credulous Tarentines hereupon with much 
 fccurity and confidence lay aliJe all care and Circumfpedion , giving ,(W^(/o opportunity of de- 
 livering not only the Caftie , but alio the Citie it felfe up to the Romans. The Carthaginians 
 no whit contented with thisHvent, neverthelefTc pretending, Themfelves friends to the Mo- ^""'J" 
 mant y and that the only caufe of their coming was to <f.v/)f / Milo , hoifed fails and returned. '""^"'^ ? 
 Some Authors affirm that the Romans forwarned the Carthaginians, That if they intermed/ed LivieEfuom 
 intheTarcKtine jjf^irs, thej would make a breach of the League, and that they not only flight- 
 ed this admonition , but fent Auxiliaries to ftand in Battel againft them •, upon which account 
 chiefly the War brake forth between the Romans and Carthaginians in Sicily ^ though the Car- 
 thaginians, willing to cover their fault by Perjury, took Oath, That thejr did nothing Veith evil Gttefreidiu. 
 vr deceitful intent. As I will not deny but that fome fuch pafTage might happen between the f^tetbitn^s 
 Generals, or that the people commonly difcourfefo, while the Romans brooked not the others ^'^^'wy''?* 
 prcfence, and the Carthaginian endeavoured to keep clofe their defign; fo I think there after- ^^ 
 wards arofc more probable caufes of that War, in that it brake not out on the fadden. And 
 that it was occafioned chiefly upon the Mamertines account, while the League was entire between 
 the Romans and Carthaginians. 
 
 The Conlids returning home , were received with the joy and falutes of all , and triumphed ^^p,-,5;;„^jyf^y. 
 in great Pompc, with much Goodwill of the People. In the mean time^. Fahius G urges , mon. 
 and the others who were fent to Alexandria , relate in Senate the Refult of their Embaflage, l«iJ.i8. x 
 That they rvtre received and Entertained with all kjnd of Hofpitality and Benevolence , that 
 great and Magnificent gifts were fent to them at t heir firfi arrival, but much-greater at their de- 
 parture, that they thought it to become the Roman dignity and abftinence, modefih torefufe the 
 firj}-, that the other^ which v^ere by all means to he received , they had, before they did any other hti- Viler. Mixim. 
 finefs, added to the pubiick^ Treafurj •, »*ar «. /vUxandria. when being invited to publick^feafls , 4-?.9 
 thej had frotvns of Gold fent them according to cuflom, they did for ImO^'j /^l^c recei'ue them , but J"*""' *''^ 
 in the night time put them upon the King's Statues. The Senate wonderfully rejoicing, both ac *"'^'""" 
 the Succcfs of their Journey, and the Gravity of the Embafladors , giving them thanks, That 
 they had by their Continence rendred the RemanMannersVenerable to Forreign iVi«f»o»j,command- Ztntni 
 cd the gifts they had conveighed into the Trcafury to be reltored them. The people likewile de- 
 creed the like, faying, The Commonwealth would be excellently well managed tf the hafe means of ViFMttt'mus, 
 crowing rich by Publick employments were t^kfti away : And the Queftors, according to co.m- 
 niand, willingly relloring the money ,the EmbdlTadors worthy of the reward of their Abftinence, 
 did with as much credit receive the vEgypnan gifts as they had refuted them. ^ Fabius , who 
 was prime man in the EmbafTy, was, 1 believe, in this confideration alfo preferred before io ma- 
 ny Egregious men, and chofen Prince of the Senate by M.Curitu and L.Papiritu theCen- prontinusde * 
 I'ors, being now, by reafon of the Nobility of his Family, his Fathers Merits , two Confulfhips , Aquxduaibus 
 and as many Triumphs, Inferior to none in Honour. The fame men being Confuls, tJJ/. C«- PWbk 7.1 » 
 riM the Cenfor was at coft , out of the enemies fpoils , to bring the water of the River 
 tAnien to Rome : So much fcorning to encreafe his private wealth by them , that being 
 on a time by fome ill -wilkrs taxed of having perverted the publick mony, producing a piece of 
 wood which he was wont to ufe in facrihce, took Oath, That of all the enemies plunder ^ he 
 fiiver broughe nothing elfe into hts houfe. He was a man indeed of high deferts, as for the great- 
 refs of his Exploits, foforhitmanyllluftrious examples inother Virtues^ as we fhall by the 
 by manifelt, by relating fome of his Aftions and Sayingi ^ For I count it not unworthy or unbe- 
 feemingchcOliiceof anHillorian, to recount thofe things whereby thofewho are hereafter to 
 undertake the management of publick affairs may benolcfle inftruAed to the attaising Felicity 
 by Virtue, then by Military counlitis and performances. In the Sabine War (when there was c, tob< 
 fuch plenty of Ipoils that f4i/>« the writer of the Hiftory , thinketh the Romans then to have 
 hadtheHrft talte of Riches) C«)-(>«, claiming nothing of fo rich a vidory , butthe confcience 
 and fame of it, continued in his former poverty and hardinefle of life. 
 
 For when the Grounds of the Enemy were appropriated to the Common wealth , he diflri- 
 
 buted to every private Perfon but forty Acres by the Man : And the Senate allotting him a 
 
 ■greater portion^ he being contented with the fame Meafure he had meted to others, faid , Ht 
 
 E 2i vtai
 
 ?<« 
 
 Plutirch 
 in,j4pcphtheg 
 Fromims fttat. 
 
 4? 
 P/in»ei8 5 
 
 Pluturch 
 eAuth.de v'trh 
 illutt. 
 
 Cictro Cotone 
 Vluiarch 
 CitoMtjor 
 
 The Supplement of Li vie^ Book V. 
 
 ^as no good Citi^t»'>»ho rvouU not he fattjfed ^ith as much as others tvere. This was afterward 
 theCurian Cottage among the Sabine5, where when the Samnites (being lately overcome) 
 found him frying of Carrots , and prefented hirawith avaft fummeof Gold, I had rather, 
 fayes he , eate thefe out of mj Earthen platters , and rule over thofe who are rich in gold. Near 
 this place Cato the Elder haying a Farm , went often thither , and contemplating in his mind 
 the poore Tenement and Little Ground , which fo Eminent a Man after three Triumphs , tilled 
 with his own hands, together with the Temperance and abftinenee of his Life, did thereby 
 provoke himfelf , out of the jEmulation of his vertue , to the like Conftancy and firaplicity of 
 Manners. And truly there needed fuch men to lay the foundations of a future Empire fo firm, as it 
 might bear the weight of the fuperfttufture , and not only refill the ftorms of the Enemie from a- 
 broad , but fcarcely and with much adoe be ruined by its own inbred Vices. 
 
 - — - _, ^ _~ -¥fc2r - . -.. „, jZ- -^j^ <'»'% <toV^ I Ml aunt o«n I ■■qi u-M --so!^ ^WP rjJp Qh^ ujii •cbeO i_ijM n-^j. ^MP "^W^ ^W^ 
 
 BOOK V 
 
 Zonans 
 LivieEpit. ij. 
 ?oljbius 1 .7 
 
 Orofmn.i 
 482 
 
 Zomrsi, 
 
 Lit».Ep't.i f 
 
 Zomrits , 
 Orifus 
 
 H E moft potent enemy »<" ^•""'^ being now after many battels vanquifli- 
 cd, and peace fetled throughout all Italj, The Senators cntred into 
 Conlultation how to make a good"ufe of their Vidories. They con- 
 cluded to fine all Nations who had born Arms againft them j the lofsof 
 part of their Territories , taking a more fevere revenge of the Taren- 
 tines, by how much the more wantonly and intemperately they had of- 
 fended-, they were therefore commanded torefignup all their Arms 
 and Ships, their Walls were deraolifhed, a Tribute impofed upon the 
 City, and nothing granted them but Peace and Liberty. There was 
 now nothing of an old fcorc more to be intended, then to punifli the Treachery of that Legi- 
 on, which circumventing the Rhegians by craft, hadnow for ten years poflefled their City. 
 They forefeeing that the Roman affairs proceeding fo profperoufly, their wickednefs would noc 
 pafle unrevenged, had very diligently taken care for whatfoever belonged to ftrcngthening the 
 City, and provided all things for their own defence, being very confcious that what is obtained 
 by cunning and violence, cannot but by the fame arts be maintained. Befides their own innate 
 Fiercehcfi, they much confided in the friendftiip of the Mamertines , and were puffedupwith 
 theitfuccefs againft the Carthaginians and Pjrrhuj, whereby they had fufficiently made expe« 
 riment of theftrength of their City, and the courage of their own minds, having quickly repuls- 
 ed the enemies from the fiege. They fored therefore to fuch an height of Rebellion, that daring 
 to take C'^oton, which was by fome betrayed to them , they flew the Roman Garrifon and de- 
 moliflied the City. Wherefore L. Genucius the Conful, who was that year Colleague with c. 
 ^ir^ius , had eommifiion to execute vengeance upon them, and the Rebels being confined 
 within the Walls , the City was bcfieged. But while they ftrongly relifted with their own and 
 the Mamertine forces, the Conful having fuftained fome incommodities,.and become in want of 
 ncceffary provifions, was affiftedwith'Cornandmenby /fifro, who was at that time Prince of 
 Syracufe. For he, being offended with the Mamertine8,did likewife hate their affociateeof /?^f- 
 gwm • he was likwife moved by the encreafe of the Roman power, to preoblige them to future 
 benefits, as occafion fiiould ferve. 
 
 The Citie being at length forced to yield , the Mamertines were by the Consul difmifT'd upon 
 certakie Covenants , the Runaways and thieves, manywhereofhad fled thither as to a fandua-
 
 In place of Livie's Fifteenth ^oo\, yj 
 
 ry , were put to death : The Legionary Touldiers were carried to Rome that the Senate rri'ght 
 
 paffe Judgement upon them. Herein was (hewed a notable Example of pubick feventy, for 
 
 the Senate decrecd,firlt , TlotyP}Ouldallbeftcnreii»prifon^ and' aftervard, be led to Execu- l^ilMix.i.j 
 
 tion : And when M. Fnlviuj FUccuj , Tribune of the People interceded for them , declare- ' ^ 
 
 ing. The J ou^ht not to take aivaj the Lives of fom.tny C(iiz.eKt ^ contrary to the Laws ard C''- 
 
 ftowes of their Forefathers, The Senatours perlifting in their Resolution neglefted the clamours 
 
 of the Tribune , and Jultice was accordingly executed upon the guilty. But left by (o fevere an 
 
 ad: they might coatraft an odium , and the forrow of the vulgar people be agj|ravated if fuch a 
 
 multitude fhould at one time be put to death, they did every day execute fifty,firll fcourging.then 
 
 beheading them. Moreover it was ordered that neither their Bod/es fhould be buried, nor any 
 
 Mourning made for their Death. 'Decins fubell'tits ( who had lived unto that day, after the ^''<"'"''»* ft"'- 
 
 Lofle of his fight, that he might die with the more griefe ) took away his own life'in prifon. * '■■ 
 
 Following the greatdt number of Authours I have reported the whole Legion , even foure ^iutm 
 
 thoufand men, to have been beheaded in the Market-place at Rome ; but I think' it more pro- Uv.zi. iB 
 
 bablc what is related by To/ji^w, That but three hundred of that Legion came alive into the ^^h^-^' ^ 
 
 Romans poVfer , that the rtfi , at the taking of the (fitj, defperatelj fighting, choje rather to be 
 
 flain, as well knowing that after fttch hainoHS villanies, nothing could be expeHed upon furrender ^ 
 
 but more torments and a cruel ignominious death. The City of Rhegium with all its former 
 
 Rights, Laws, and Liberties was reftored to the ancient inhabitants, as many as could any where ^ppi-n 
 
 be found or enquired out. Zomrts 
 
 Thisadof Jufticedidmuchincreafethe Reputation of the City o( Rome^ and thereby was ^'^"^'•^^' 
 gained no leHe Love from all the Italians and neighbouring People, then their armes had caufed 
 fcar. In the Confulfhip of C. Genunciwf and C». Cornelius there was war with the Sarfinates , 
 a people of 'L'w^H^, inhabiting the i./^/>;'f«««»f Mountains: By what reafon provoked, or in , .^ ^^ 
 what hopes trufting, they now oppofed the Formidable power of the Romans ( thofe writings "' ■*"' . 
 which are remaining makmg no mention) I am not able to Divine; Likewife the whole Pro- 
 ceedings of the war are utterly loft, and of the memory of thefe things, notlflnp elfe is come to 
 our knowledg, but that C». Ctfr»f//»x Triumphed over the Sarfinates. Tis reported there was 
 a moft (harp winter in thefe Confuls time, . in fo much that the Sap being chill'd Trees withered •, pl'taiZ'! ^' 
 That Tibur was covered over with deep Ice , and that the Cattel pcriflicd for want of Fodder ; zotiuras 
 fo great and vehement was thecoldnefsof the air, that monftrous hills of fnowlay unmelced inyag-dcCir; 
 the Market place for forty dayes together. ■ The thing being unufual in that Cliniat, and by ma- D" ^•'7 
 ny look'dupon as a Prodigie, perplexed mens minds with wonderful terror, their fear being not 
 long after much enereafed, when ^. Ogulnius Callus and C.Fabins TiSlor being Confuls, many 4^4 
 ftrange unheard of fights were feen, and man^'-more reported. At Rome the Temple of Salus 
 with pate of the walls was fmitten with thunder and lightning ; t{>ree Wolves before day brought Orofus 4.4J 
 acarkafs half eaten into the City, aud being themfelves feared by the noife of men, left it in 
 the market-pla(?c torn into pieces itmb fton. limk. 
 
 At /'o'w»J the walls were faid to be often ftruck and caft down with thunderbolts ■ and news 
 was brought.thatin the Calenian fields, the earth opened , and fkcfuddenly brake out, which 
 flaming for three whole daies together , burnt five acres of ground to alhes , infomuch that not 
 only all the fruits on that place were blafted , but even the Trees died at the very Roots. Thefe 
 things caufed more feare then ralfery at Rome-, No great matter enfued , but that a War was Eutrvpitiib.\ 
 made againtl the Picentians , which being the next yeare finiftied , added likewife that province 
 to the Roman Jurildidions. Now in the Citie began the Coining filver, ( their wealth being Z-Zwif Epic. 15 
 enereafed by their vidories ) whereas before BralTe only was ufed in all Exchanges ^ but then 7j„^y^ 
 pennies and halfpennies were made of filver, which went for ten , and five pounds of brafle ; 
 there were likewife leffer pieces which being eftcemed at two pound and an halfc of brafTe , were p/in. j j.j 
 from their value called , Scfiercies. It was called, Monet a , becaufe it was coined in the Tem- 
 ple oijuno, to whom that Name was given , by reafon {he did /l/o^frf , thatis, admonilh '^""'/^"* 
 the Romans when in the War of 'P7'-''/;<« and the Tarentines they Confulted about their wants , '^'"'*'^* 
 That money would not be wanting to thofe , whoobfervedjuflice andprofecuted PVars. The Con- 
 fulls C. GalluiinA C- P<*l"i*f went forth to apprehend Lo/A'«j the Samnitc, who having been ' 
 Hoftaj^eat Auwe had privily efcaped, and now pofTeiiing a certain Caftle , committed Plunder 
 and Pillage round about , ftirring up the minds of his Countrymen to Rebellion, when they 
 were fcarce well compofed by the laft peace. 
 
 But he with the forces he had gathered (being for the mofl part unarmed) could not longre- 
 fift : The greateft difficulty and danger was in the Province of thcCarcines (a part of Samni' ^'"'"^'^ 
 wwneartheFrentanet) where the Romans alTaulted a well fenced place, the Receptacle of Z.o/" 
 /iwxhis fpoits, and from great hopes falling into as great tear, did at length obtain the Vifto- 
 ry. Some of the Garrifon upon condition of Pardon, let the Romans into the walls in a bright 
 Moon-(hiny night,and the Townfmen muftrmg themfelves together upon the tumult; when they 
 firlt began to fight a great drift of fnow fell and took away their fight.- This accident was a 
 great help to the Carcinesagainft the Romans, who were ignorant of the Paflagcs, in fo much 
 that they were in very great danger, and now ready to give back and retreat f" which in the dark 
 could not have been done without much lofs) whenona fuddenthe fnow ceafed and the Moon 
 (hone out again, and then being freed from blind fcar, they did by their courage make way to 
 
 Vt-
 
 ?8 
 
 The Supplement of Livie, Book V. 
 
 48y 
 
 Eutrofiiii 
 
 VeUiius 1. 14 
 
 fetteius 
 Livie Epttom, 
 
 Tigbius in an, 
 48 J 
 
 PU«/f jj.ij 
 
 Cclum.Trium. 
 Eutrepius 
 
 Frontinus 
 Sirttagent i.ii 
 
 Florus. 1.19. 
 Oro^;a 4.4 
 glorus 
 StmboM.S 
 livie £picom. 
 Flor.1.10. 
 
 Em ropiuf 
 Anao ^Zi 
 
 Eutropiiis b. 6 
 Zoruris 
 
 Colum, Ctpitol. 
 
 Florm i.io 
 
 487. 
 
 tiv'x Epitom. 
 
 Sttth. book 7 
 
 I ivic Epitom. 
 
 P/iK spud 
 
 hi ■lie Epitom 
 Vio. apud /'«• 
 Lfium 
 Zamris 
 y-il. Miximus 
 6.6. J 
 
 Viftety. Thcfe combuftions were che caufe why the Pice»ts vyere not vanquiflied in thofe Conr 
 fuls time. 
 
 But the year following P.Sempronius Sophnj , and Apfias Claudius Crofus the Ton of Cx- 
 c«.f being Confuls undertook the War, and happily Hnifhed it. About thele times was 'a Co- 
 lony planted at /fr»w?<»«OT in the Piccne grounds, which belonged to the Senones of C7«//><i,and 
 another iiCMaUventHm'\n Samtiium, but changing the Name, which feemed Ominous, they 
 cs.Wt^ix.'BeneventKm. The Sabines who were many years agoe admitted into the City, had 
 now the liberty of Votes granted them. Claudttu had alfo bufinefs in Vmbria, where be took ' 
 CamarinHm and fold the inhabitants for flavcs. But becaufc the war feemed not very honeftly 
 to be managed by the General, the Romans preferring Juftice before their own profit, decreed. 
 That the Camertes jhould be fought out andredcemed, that th'ej fhould be received into the City ^ 
 have a place of habitation allotted to them in the Aventine Mount ^ and their ground refioredt» 
 them. 
 
 Greater was the joy for the Picentine Vidory , which was thought worthy to be Coined In 
 their new Pieces of filver, that it might the more publickly be known, and the Memory thereof 
 tranfmitted to Pofterity. .^ Ctditius the fon of ^intus , by order of Senate , took care fot 
 coining the Money, reprefenting on one fide P^cw/ the fon of <$■«« «y«f <" for he is thought to be 
 the Father of that Nation ) on the other fide a Roman Magiftrate reaching forth his hand to a 
 fuppliant. And that, by fubduing ofthat Country , a great accelTe of ftrength was made to 
 the Romans is Manifcft , in that three hundred and three/core thoufand Picentians fubjeded 
 themfelves unto them. For that War the Confuls, as they dcferved , did Triumph, but 
 Stmpronius bis Glory was the greater , in that with more dangers and hazzard he had fought a- 
 gainft the ftronger enemie ^ For a fuddain Earthquake , being very prodigious , happened , as 
 the battles were fct in array now ready to encounter ;, But the Conful compofed the fouldiers 
 feareful minds , by an oration very fit for the occafion , telling them , The enemie was no lejfe 
 troubled jvith unnecejfary devotion then themfelves , that theirs would be the ViHory vho firfl ^ 
 fhdkeing off feur ,' valiantly charged the enemie before he was weU come to him/elf. And vowing 
 a Temple to the Goddefle Tellus, if (he would grant Vidory to the Romans , he began the 
 Charge, which was as Couragioufly received and fo great a (laughter made, that, 'tis re- 
 ported, the kfler half remained even of the Vidorious Army. After this fight (as other the 
 Townes of the Picentians , fo likewife ) Afculum the Metropolis yeclded it felf to Sem- 
 ffonifis ^ and by its example the whole Nation fubmitting it felf in obedience, obtained 
 peace of the Romans. All that part oi Italy being now fubdued ,' which lieth toward the Sicili- 
 an and Jonian fea , there remained oncly the Sallentines to be brought in , who live upon the ut- 
 moft coaft where the upper and lonians feas meet, to thefe thercfqre as by a Contagion did the 
 war proceed from the Picentisfns, M. AttilUus Regulus, and L. fnliMi Libo being Confiils : 
 The quarrel was pretended becaufe they had received Pyrrhus inro 'I'cir Havens and Towns 
 when he came firft out of Epirus. But indeed .he much truer caufes of the waV were thought 
 to be the Conveniency of tlie Havcn of Brundufium, where (hips may go in and out with the 
 fame wind, the eafie paflage from thenee into Illyrium and Epirus, and that they cfteemedit 
 very opportune to have the fame Bounds both of Italy and their own dominions. Both the 
 Confulstriumphedfor this warinoncday, which was the eighth of the Calends of February. 
 
 Having overcome the Sallentines in a fet battel, they took Brundufium , the moft famous 
 Townin thofe quarters ; other fuccefles alfo they had, being affiled, as is reported, by Tales 
 theGoddefsof Shepherds, who of her own accord, as a reward of the Vidory,defired to have 
 a Temple dedicated to her \nRome. The greater part of the Sallentines bemg vanquiflicd by 
 thefe, thewar wasfinilhed and the vidory completed by the next years Confuls, who were 
 Numerius Fabitts C. F. M.N. and D. Junius. D. F. D. Nepos Pera. To thele both the 
 Umbrians and Sallentines yielded themfelves. All Italy even between the River Pe and the 
 feas being generally fetled, the Roman greatnefs began to be famed and taken notice of by the 
 neighbour Iflands, and the Continent ad joyning to the Jonian and Adriatici^ fea, caufing in fome 
 hopes, in others fear. 
 
 For they who by violence and injury to their neighbours enlarged their own power, feared 
 the Romans would prove an hindrance to their proceedings , the others contrary wile looking on 
 them as a Succour, fent to them from heaven againft the Opprcllion of their adverfarys. The 
 ApoUonians were the firft, who fending Embafladours to ^owf craved their fricndfhip ^ their 
 Citie is fcated threefcore furlongs from the lea , being built by the Corinthians and Corcyrsans, 
 having a very commodious haven, where the neereft paifage is {rom Sundufium into Greece. 
 The lllyrians and Macedonians are adjacent to them, fo that againll flrong and Coveteous 
 neighbours they had much adoe to preferve their own liberty. The meflage was wonderful wel- 
 come and with much Humanity received by the Romans , not fo much for the wealth of the Citic 
 which was but fmall, as for Future hopes in that they thought a way laid open and occafion 
 given them of greater defignes here.;fter : Infomuch that very fc>'ere puniflimcnt was inflided 
 on certain noble young men who upon a quarrel arifing had ftrucken the Embafiadours. ^ 
 Fabtus was not protefted either by the Dignity of hisoffice,for he was then <ty£dile or the great- 
 neflc of his Extradion, but was delivered up to the ApoUonians for his offence. Cn. tyfproniut 
 who was likewife i/£(^jVf , was given up for the fame crime , the Senate decreed , they fhouldby 
 
 He'
 
 In jjlace of Li vies Fifteenth "BooJ^. 29 
 
 t — -. 
 
 Her Aids bi ddivered up into ths hands of the EmhaJfadoHri that a ,:^jfa:J}our /ha»/dgoe alon? with 
 them to Brundufium le(l their friends and Kindred /houldrejcne them hj the wdj. This was a 
 great tcftimonie as of their publick faith , fo of theTwiCdonie j For having a defire to draw 
 forreign Nations into their friendfhip by the Reputation of their Jurtice. it much concerned chem 
 moft preciflyto punifh the injuries done to thofc whofirft ca^nc to enrcrinto their fociety. Neither 
 would any thing have proved more deftruftive to their defigns then that the Appollonians fhould 
 have repented diemfelves of their aft, and others of their examp'e. And hence fprung that en- p a- ^ ■, 
 ftom , which was conftintly in after times obferved , That they who had ftrucken the Embaf gi'is. "" ' 
 fadoursofa freeCitie fhould be delivered up to it. Butthe Appollonians,wIien they werebr* ught Zonirts 
 into their Citie , wifely confidering they ftiould gaine more by Clemency and humanity then Re- 
 venge, fent them fafe home again. This year each Conlul triumphed twice •, D. ?«»«;// the 
 fifth of the Calends of Oftober , NnTneritis Fitbius the third of Nones of the fame Month over 
 iheSarfinatc:, apeople of c/'ro^m. Againe they tryumphed over the Sallentincsand Meflapians 
 who hadaflilled the Sallentines, Fal?ius on the Calends of /'e^r-warT , /"«»/«/ on the Nones. 
 And this was theConclufionof all their Italian Wars ^ For what was afted in rsZ/zw/^ next year, 
 ^uintfis F/tbiiis Curves the third time Conful, L. MumiUus Vitulus being his Colleague, .go 
 was not fo much a war againft a juft enemy, as vengeance inflifted uponflaves in behalf of 
 their afTociates. 
 
 The Volfinians , thericheft pcopleofall Etruria, did implore theRomans afliftance againft ^hras \.xi. 
 thofe who were formerly their fervants. For by very ill and foolifh advice (whether it were, 
 that thereby they thought to increafe their ftrength fomuch broken in the late wars, or that 
 themfelves tumbling in delights were loath to trouble themfelves with thelabour of Arms j 
 they made their fervants free of the City, and committed the /W/V«r»,« into their hands. Af- fcbannes yin- 
 tcrward they began to bechofen Senators, and to bear Offices of State. In fliort time oppref- iiochcnut. 
 fing the old Citizens, and ufurping the whole power of the Commonwealth to tliemfelves, they 'S?^ ' "''" 
 did moft infolcntly exercife their Liberty againft their Matters who gave it them. It was now ^'"' 
 grown common to Ravifh Virgins and honeft Matrons by force, to heap Contumelies and In- 
 dignities upon Parents and Husbands, crying for Juftice according to Law ; and all things were 
 confufcdiy hurried according to the pleafure of thevileft moft petulant Knaves. And that we 
 may not pafs over in filence a rare Precedent, to what iffue the beaftlyimpuder.ee of flavifti 
 minds will proceed to when it hath gotten power, they made a Law , That the Liberties might Vt'.Mix.^.x.z 
 "have Itcence of (^opuUtion Vfith the wives and daughters cf their Patrons, and that the Maiden- ^^^' 
 bead of a Virgin dtfigned in marriage to a true Freeman, fljould firjt be proftitifted to one of 
 their Order. Wherefore the old Volfinians being neither able any longer to endure thefe mifcries, zomris 
 nor by their ©wn power to repulfe and avoid them, fccretly confulting together, refol ved to fend AuclJc viris 
 Embaffadors to AoOTf. They having by private folicitations prevailed that the Senate would •''^"/^f-*^ 
 meet in fome private houfc < for they faw unavoidable ruine over their lieads if the bufinefs was 
 known) theydidbya very forrovvfuldifcourfc make them acquainted with their fad condition, 
 wherewith the Fathers being moved to compaflion, promired tLcm ailifiance for the recovery of 
 their loft Rights. 
 
 But thefe things which were thought to be agitated in fecret , were by a Samnite difcovercd to 
 the parties complained of-, Forhe, agueft to the matter of the houfe where the Senate met, be- . 
 ing then Ikk . was by forgetfulncfle left in a place where he overheard all their dilcourle and be- 
 trayed it. Therefore the Embafladours , after their Return from Kome^ were called into 
 queftion, and the whole bufineife being found out, were with other prime Men of the Citie 7u//a»<;*/'fj(rfw 
 cruelly put to death. The Romans , now having a juftercaule of War, fent ^ Fabius the ^'^'^roH^iis. 
 Conful with an Army agiintt them, whom , daring to encounter him m open held he put to '■^^" 
 flight , and flew a very great Number in the Purfuit : The Reft who betooke themfelves into 
 their place of defence, he rcfolved with counterworkes tobeliege. But they making ftrong 
 Refiftancc.The Conful (as there were frequent Pickerings and light skirmiflics)unwarily venturing 
 too far in the fight, received a wound whereof he dyed, which the befieged underftanding,made 
 a Sally with the greateft ftrength they could, hoping if they fuddenly alTaulted the enemy now 
 in trouble for the lofs of the Conful . to force them to brcnk up the liege. But the event of the 
 battel was contrary , for being roughly received by the Romans, they were beaten in again 
 with lofTe 
 
 In this fight I fuppofe 7)fc;>« /1/«/ tohavehad the Command; for he might hapf^iiy have 
 htcn Fabius his Lieutenant, and after his death be chief in managing the War till a fucceflbrwas 
 fent. And hence I conjefture it comes to pafle that fome negligent Hittorians haveafcribed ^^uiMtwrw 
 loDecius Mfis both the beginning and finifliing of this War. Cn Ccmdins L.F. C«. ./V. iliuU. c.56 
 'Blalto and c. Marcius were created Cenfors that ve^ir, and this laft having before born the fame (^"P'"'"'* 
 Office, was from this his Magiftracy called Cenforir.Hs. The moderation of thii (.J^farcius was ^,^^ ^^^^/^^ 
 very remarkable, who being inverted with Power which he fought not after, afTcmbled the peo -4.1,5 
 pletogcther, and in a grave fpeech chid them, That they had mice tntrujfedthut officcio the 
 fame man^ mhercas their forefathers did in this very conjideration limit the time of it, becaufe the 
 power ^is too G^eat. Hereupon a Law was made,7'A(jf the fame man fhould not be madeCen'fy the Ylut.Coynt.c.i 
 fecondtiwe. Thcfameyear the number of the Qacftors was encreafed •, in former times there L/v«Epi;.i 5 
 were but four, two for the City, and two to affift the Confuis abroad in the Wars. But after- 
 ward
 
 +0 
 
 The Supplement of Li vic^ Book V I. 
 
 r«;tw II. 11.6 ward their Taxes andCuftomscncreafing with the Commonwealth, there was a neceflity of 
 489 doubling the number. Jppius Claudiui who in the time of his Magiftracy was furnamed Cau- 
 
 jtgelliM t7.11 ^g^^ indcM. Fulviut were Confuls the year enfuing, which was very memorable, in that then 
 firft'began the war between the Romans and Carthaginians in Sicily. Then firft brake out Hoftili- 
 ty between two moft potent Cities, which after many years, after many bicody overthrows gi- 
 ven and received, could not at length be ended without the utter ruine and deftrudion of one of 
 
 them. 
 
 Bur, before we enter upon the Hiftory of the War, it will be neceflary to relate fomething of 
 former times concerning Carthage -, for in the enfuing Narrative many things will occur , hard 
 to be undcrftood and judged of, unlefs both the Original and encreafe of that City be firft 
 known. 
 
 ^ 
 
 pWf f If f f If ff f ff 
 
 BOOK VI 
 
 J(/Jf;«.i8.j 
 
 jSppiM 
 
 Libte. 
 
 Stribih.17 
 
 LivK 34.6'. 
 
 ^uftiniiis. 
 Striibo 
 
 Citt spud So- 
 tin. 
 
 mpnt»"in 
 
 Btrneggtriu 
 ad fujliHum 
 18.6.9 
 
 HAT Carthage was Ku:'* by the lyrians of 'Phanicia ( befidesthe 
 cooftaiit agreement of old Hiftories) the perpetual friendfliip of thofe 
 Cities while they flouriftied, as alfo the manifeft likenefs both of their 
 Language and Manners doth clearly teftifie. 'Tis leported that Slifa 
 (who was likewife called Dido) the daughter of Agenor the fonef 
 Belus, flying out of her Country ( by reafon of the hatred (he bore to 
 her brother Pigmaleon for the unjuftflaughter of her husband Sicha- 
 ui) entred that Creek of Ajrica^ and poflefTed that FeninjuU where 
 Carthage was afterward built •, her fmall beginnings promifing little 
 hopes of fo great power and wealth as afterwards was obtained : For 'tis believed Dido purcha- 
 fed no more ground then might be compafled with the hide of a Bull or Ox, which being cut 
 out into very flender thongs contained a larger fpace, then the fellers did imagine, and it was 
 fufficient whereon to Ered a Caftle, which from thence is thought to be called "Btrfa. After- 
 ward feeing ( many placing their habitation near them for Traffick fake) they began to look 
 like a City, and that the Africans were willing to entertain among them men forich and very 
 gentle and quiet, they hearkned to the counfel fent from Vtica (which was alfo a Colonie of the 
 TyriansJ which advifed them, After their exampie to huiU a City. So it was agreed. That the 
 Africans fliould afford them ground, and that the Thamciam in recompenfe thereof fhould pay 
 a yearly Tribute. 
 
 The work being finiftied. Dido gave it a name in bcr own Language, Carthadoi ; the Greeks 
 called it ^arcif^o, and the Romans by an error in Pronunciation, C<«rr/;*^o. This City having 
 Loving Neighbours, an Induftrious people , and what was above all, a Wife Queen, did in a 
 fliort time wonderfully increafe. Thefe things feeme to have been afted fomefeventy years be- 
 fore the foundation of Rome j for about fo ancient a Circumftance Authors do not very well a- 
 gree.. But as EUla her life was notable for variety of Chances,fo was her death very remarkable. 
 Jarboi a Petit King of fome African Province, fought to marry her, threatning upon refufal to 
 raife war againfl: her. But as flie was averfe from marriage by realon of her fingular Chaftity 
 and love of her former husband , fo (he very well underrtood that in thefe tender beginnings of 
 affairs, a war would prove fatal and deftrudive ; therefore taking time to deliberate, as if (he 
 had at length overcome her own Refolution, and were inclined to marry the African, caufcd , a 
 
 Tilt
 
 In place of hiwk's -Sixteenth 'Boo^. 
 
 I 
 
 Pile of tvooii to btereEied before her intended marriage, rvl^ereon to facrifice to the Infernal gcds in 
 
 behalf of h;rhtisband Sichxus ; And after many Sacrifices offer'd, fhe did at length afcerd the 
 
 pile, ani killed her felf with a fword flie brought with her, her love to her Husband and Sub- 
 
 jeds exceeding the care of her own hcilth. The Carthaginians returned her what honour they siiim italic. 
 
 could , and while the Commonwealth flourifhed, worfhipped her as a Goddefs , raifing a 4 ? 
 
 Temple in the place whce (he lived,calling her Z)iic,which in their language fignifieth a r<V<»ijt). ^'^v'"^ ^ul- 
 
 When after her death no man was thought worthy to fucceed her in the Kingdom , the Citie ^"Z/" ''":?• 
 began to be governed by the Mixed Power of Nobles and Commons. The Name of Kings l\ili "" ''■ ^^* 
 remained, but they were like the Lacedrcmonian Kings ^ but that the honour was not to any ^rifitt Ttlit. 
 Certaine fjm lies annexed, but conferred on any Prime Man who exceeded others in Virtue z.n 
 and Riches. Thefe had the management of Wars abroad ( wherefore the Romans called them 
 Pretours and Dirtatours , comparing their power with the ufuage of their own Commonwealth^) 
 at home they were Princes of all publick Confultations, with theiradvicc the affaires of the ^,iflotlt 
 Citie were ordered : Things of heigher conCernement were referred to the people, their fentence 
 decided all controvcrfic between the Kings and Scnatours : They alfo had auchonty to alter the 
 Laws made by the-Kings and Councel, if they feemed contrary to the good of the PubliGk,which 
 any man had Liberty to queftion. Which too great power of theCommons,being augmented to p^iyy ^ ^ a 
 an intolerable height, by flattering Parafites and Orators, did in after time infinitely wrong Lrwe.jo. 6 
 and obftrud the Carthaginian affaires. Moreover in theSenatcthere were thirty of the more cr^f/wx N(- 
 Antient appointed as a fupreme Councel , and thefe had greateft authority with all Men. There f"' . 
 was like wife a "Superinfpedour of Manners, invefted with the fame power as the Roman Cenfors, "" ""' ^'^ 
 to maintain publick Decency and Difciplinc. In proceffe of time , after many vidories, their 
 greatneffe being encreafed , they chofe a greater Number of Commanders for the War : 
 Among which (Ji^ago , the moft Egregious both in courage and fortune, having left 
 behind him two fonnes well educated and intruded in the art of Warre, and they "J""?' 
 alfo to their more numerous offspring, as it were by hand , delivering the fame skill and know- 
 ledg , it was thought fit by fometheanes to curbe the too great power of that Family ; to this 
 purpofe an hundred men were conflituted to pafTc fentence upon the Generals themlclves : Their 
 power was very formidable , asforthelargeneffeoftheir Commillion , fo for the continuance, 
 which was duremg life, whereas even the Kings now, were not for fo long a time but yearly jirl^ot't 
 created, whom at home they commonly called ^wj^^re/ , that is to fay, Judges, much like to cumc/. Nff« 
 ' the Roman Conful But when the Cemnmviri or hundred men behaved themlelves with much |^^]^ 
 infoicHce , Haiinthall by a Law reduced them into Order , it being decreed , That the fudges j^^^j^ °'j ^ ^ 
 fljould Yearly be chofen , A»d that m man fljould continue in cffice two jeares together. Their 
 gods and holy Rites they brought moft from 7^r«; ,fome they did afterwards add. funoxhty nrgilh.i 
 chiefly adored, and t^fcul^pius not a little, in whofe honour they ereded a Magnificent S'rafcub.ij' 
 Temple in the Citie i ^^loiife'/ houfe was likewife very rich, covered with plate of Gold, wherein ^fp"» ''««'f « 
 was a famous ftatue which *.fMV the Ruine of C^^thage was carried toR^me and placed in the great y|"^*[^f, ^ i 
 Shew-place called Crcus CMaximus. But 10 t^.-cuUi itTyrus they every year fent a Oiip.with pclyb. kgit. 
 great care well trimmed, with the Tithes of their yearly fruirs , ^marpoll^s gotten in War. 114.1 
 
 From the fame Founders alfo they derived another mort horrid Rite, to offer an humane fatri- ^JhJoria 
 fice onceayearto Satume, whom they called 5f/«/ ■, the Relicksofwhich Barbarous Cruelty ***•'* 
 could not be quite abolifhed by the Deftrudion of the Citie. The other Manners and Cuftomes Hu'Jl„\^\rni 
 ofthe Citie wtre more civilized by their convenicncy of Commerce and Traffick, to which be- c.46 
 ing by nature, and Edjcation from their Forefathers much addided, they did apply all their Wii.?<5.?.j7 
 ftudies and Counfels. Hence by an unavoidable mifchief the Love of Riches corrupted their Fj'cilhtmiKi 
 Courts of Juftice, made Vertue a fervant to money , inflamed the Peoples minds with Covetouf- rur"'"'"'i'" 
 ireffe, and infeded them with a fordid cuftom of Cheating and Lying,forcing the Commonwealth ^^rjfj" Poiuick. 
 wholly togiveitfelf up to thefe arts. In'omuchasitcametopalTethat as little Faith was had in z 
 Carthaginian Contrads and Covenants , fo the chiefeft part ofthe pubfcklkeugth conlifted in chero contrt 
 fhips , their Infantry the main fupport and pillar of all Empires , was had in no Requelt , Their p""!"!* ^'^^ 
 Horfe in very little: As often as they waged War by Land , they made ufe of Mercenaries, who f^' t.,.67 
 had no true Love to the Commonwealth, whofe faith was to be bought with money , their 
 difcord troublefome,and theif confpiracies pernicious.Which efror was fo Cap,tal,that before the p^,/,i.,. 6^ 
 utter deftrudion of theCity,no other enemy but thofe did ever bring them lo near to final ruine. 
 
 Neither did a leffer crop of mifcry fpring from this. That their Magiltrates and Publick Offi- 
 cers did by mutual connivance cxercife Extortion and Purloin the ftate without punifhment ^ fo 
 that 'tis the lefTe to be wondred,that a war arifing between thefe two Cities, tlie Romans proved 
 conquerors, when as the Senators in all hard times added their wealth to the publick ftock, and t»wejj3» 
 the Carthaginians made a gam of the Commonwealth. But thefi: vices grew up together 
 with the City, fo that at firft being weak and little they were prety well born withal, afterward 
 for a while the greatnefs of their Empire , and the fingular virtue of their Commanders made 
 them the lelfefcnlible, by wl.ofe means chiefly, I find, was both obtained and eftabhfhed the 
 happ.nefs that ever attended Canhage. Their firft beginning in Arms was againft the Affricans,' jufliniusX^.i 
 requiring Tribute for the ground the'City was built on ■, neither could they extort that right out 
 of their hands but by many battels : hereby they enlarged their Empire , and the bell planted j;;„j^ ,^ ^ 
 6arcof /f'^r/fj was reduced into fubjedion to them. Their command of the feas gave them 
 
 F fair
 
 41 
 
 The Supplement of Livie, , Book V I. 
 
 lUJlA. J 
 Hercdutut i. 
 
 "Dioitrus 
 »J-4J 
 
 Vicdorus 
 14.60 
 
 JuftiH.io.^ 
 FluUnh 
 Timoleon c.i^ 
 
 &)0 
 
 Ibid.c.jr. & 
 41 
 
 lufiin.it 4 
 Iuflin,ii.S 
 
 Ju/f/«44.j 
 Curtius ^. 4 
 Poljibius 1. 10 
 
 Poljibiat 1 .9 
 
 Tolyb b 7 
 spud Vii/r/. 
 
 l/v/e 14. 4. 4 
 Foljbiut 
 
 Jufiin.ri.i 
 
 fair opportunity of pafling over into Sardinia and i'/cjVj ; the one was rude and Barbarous, not 
 abietorefift, into the other they were invited by its Beauty and Fertility, which was, byreafon 
 of the Inhabitants perpetual difcords expofed to the injanes of the moil: Potent, Out of Sar- 
 dinia into Ccrfica their paflage wa*S Ihort , and they did the more eafily poffefs the ifland as 
 being not very rich. 
 
 But in SiciLj for a long time they fought with various Fortune, obtaining many viftories, and 
 receiving many overthrows-. Amikar the fon of W(i«»o when he had carried over three hun- 
 dred thoufand men, was vanquiftied by ^e/o and flain. With which calamity being terrified , 
 the Carthaginians did abftain itom Sicily, till being called over by thcjtgeftans, who were op- 
 prefTcd by the Selinuncians, they fent thither Annihal the fon of GsjCo the fon of Amikar ; he 
 deftroying Sdinms and Himera, did again encreafe the Carthaginians power in Sicily. Imilct 
 did at fea vanquifh Leptii the brother of Dionyliut the elder, and the Sicilians Admiral , he took 
 and funk an hundred (hips, and flew above twenty thoufand men, he furprifed many Cities, and 
 took alfo part of Syracufe, but a fudden Peftilence anfing, which confumcd moft part of bis 
 Army, forced him to return home with very few men. Neither did they yet defpait of gaining 
 Sicily, but in few years after fent out H(«»»o with a fleet, commanding him to iight Dionjjiw, 
 Afterward (JW^^o being invited by Icetas, when he was in the City o( Syracufeitfeli with 
 thrcelcore thoufand foot , he was caft out by Timoleon ^ afterward the fame Timeleon in a very 
 great battel overcame Annibal and Amilcar , having in their army feventy thoufand men , and 
 forced their Camps likewife. But they had not a quicker and greater turne of fortune in any 
 waKthenin that againft /f^<tfW/w, who being beaten in JtVi/y, beficged in Syracufe , having 
 nomanifefthopesof fafety, did yet of his own accord carry the war over into 'Africa^ where 
 having overcome the Carthaginians in many battels, and caufed the Libj'ans every where to re- 
 revolt, he brought them into very great danger and fear j and returning home again he expel- 
 led them clearly out of i'»c<Vy ; till at length the death of the King, and the confufioKs which 
 followed upon it, again gave them hopes, and opened them a way to regain poflcffion. Afcee 
 this (as we have faid) they varioufly fought with Pjrrhuj ^ proving at length to be the fuperi- 
 ours. 
 
 In the mean time Tome Cities alfo in Spain became Tributary to them , whether being called 
 to the afliftancc of the Gaditanes againfl: fome oppreffing Neighbours, they fent relief to their 
 Kinfmen ( for Cades hkewife was founded by the Tyrians) and reduced fome ad jacent Regions 
 of Spain into their own Jucifdidion. This was the pofturethe Carthaginian affairs were in 
 when they rook up arms againfl: the Romans. But the Syracufans and their King Hiero poffet 
 fed the greater part of Sictly which was not fubdued by the Carthaginians ; the rcfidue was held 
 by the Mamertines. They while they were in League with the Roman Legion at Rhegium, and 
 could have affiftance from them, were not content to fecure their own Territories, but invaded 
 thofeof the Syracufans and Carthaginians, forcing many Cities to pay Tribute to them toa- 
 void plunder, waflings of their grounds, and other incommodities of war. sutsNuta Rhegium 
 was taken, and their companions worthily exf"'"', '''''"S bereaved of that help, they were 
 not able to uphold their fornicigreacnene; and having loft whatfoever they held out of .^if/1 
 Ja>ia,were now at war with Hiero for the City it felf. Concerning which King Hiero,! think it not 
 inconvenient fomewhat at large to difcourfe,becaufe he in thefe times being firft an enemy to the 
 Romans, afterward for many years a companion and friend,was of very great moment in the fel- 
 ling of affairs. For in him was found fingular happinefs, great virtue, and moft eminent wif- 
 dom; and inthofc dayes the power and ftate of Jjrdca/e did with him flourifh and with him 
 fall. 
 
 This man not being helped forward by any wealth or glory left by his Anceftors, owed all his 
 fortune to himfclf, promoted from a low eftate to vaft power, not as many , by accufing great 
 men, or by the flaughter and banifhment of his oppofers, but by wonderful modefty both in at- 
 taining and in cxercifing his power , as well knowing there is no Kingdom fo well and firmly 
 eftabliflied, as that which is in fuch a manner order'd, that it more concerns the Subjeds to feat 
 thelofsof it then the Prince. 
 
 Having reigned therefore four and fifty years, in fuch a time when two moft potent Cities 
 on each hand did with moft fliarp contenrions , fight for the dominion of the world, troubled 
 with no War abroad ( unlefleinhisfirftyear) nor affaulted by any Treafon at home , he died 
 being above ninty years old , hisfenfes being at that age entire and his body found,as a certain 
 argument of his Temperance.being not only beloved by his own people, but had in great Eftima- 
 tion both with the Romans and Grecians ; when he would often havedivefled himfelfofthe 
 Principality, the Citizenes did openly prohibite him ; And his fon Gf/i)«,Who, at above fifty 
 years of age, died before him , did all his lifetime, even to the laft, with conftant faith and 
 obedience honour him, fhewing a rare example of Moderation , in that he chofe rather for 
 ever to want a Kingdom then lofe his Father. This Hieron was by his Father H/Vroc/w 
 (who derived his Pedigree from GeUu an antient Tyrant of J'/a/j ) expofed to the mercy of 
 the world ; forasmuch as he being a Noble man was fliamed to bring up a child which he had be* 
 gotten on a fervant.But being deftitute of all human fuccour,the Bees for many days fed him,put- 
 ing honey into his mouth as he lay upon the ground.Hierodej being much affefted with this Pro* 
 digie, and the anfwers of the Southfayers , who affirmed, That hereby Kingly power was pre* 
 
 fignified
 
 In place of Livie's Sixteenth ^oo\. ^^ 
 
 (ignified , took home the Infant, acknowledged it for his own , and in hopes of his future great- fanm SiTif< 
 
 nefle took diligent care for his Education. As he was learning his book among his equals , 'tis f''->f'cnfts de h«« 
 
 reported, that a Wolf fuddenly appearing in the midft oftheboyes took his book out of his ^" '^'"■«^'"""- 
 
 hand. When he firft entred into the Wars, 'tis faid, An Eagle pitch'd upon his fhield , and an 'iufi:muf 
 
 Oivle upon his fpeare; which was thoughtafigncof wifdom andftrength, and by reafon of 
 
 the Kingly bird, of higheft honour and dignity. But he himfelfftiortly gave more certaine 
 
 evidence, being of exceeding comelmeffe and lltength of body, but much more illuftrious and 
 
 beloved for his wit , Temperance , GentlenefTe, Jultice and Moderation ; having often fought 
 
 fingle Combates (ometimes in the Battel , fometimes againU private Challengers, hewasal- 
 
 wayesViAour, andby Tjrrhus frequently rewarded with many Military Gifts for his valour j 
 
 and /'jrri/<; his Kinfwoman iYfre»; was afterward married to Cf/oM the fon of Hifro. Pjrrhus ^ r • ,1, ^ 
 
 being driven out of Sicily , when (according to the ill temper of thofe times) adifTenfien :fufiini9.'.i 
 
 arofc between the army and Citie oi Sjrfcufe , Artemidorfts and Hiero were , in the Camp neer poljb.i.^ 
 
 Mergana , by fuffrage of the fouldiers chofen Commanders. By the advice of H/fro, and the 
 
 help of his friends, fome fouldiers being privily fcnt into the Citie reduced it into' their Power; 
 
 where Htcro fhewed himfelf a gallant Man, and fit for the government ofany Realmewhat- 
 
 foever J For, of the feveral fadions which were therein , he neither flew nor baniflied any one 
 
 Man , but by his demencie, Moderation and upright Counfel fo compounded their difFercnes , ^„a;nus\-i.^,. 
 
 that he was chofen Precor oi Syracufe with the good will and affedion even of thofe againft Poijbim 
 
 whom he came, as much as of thofe men who invited him thither. He with his whole heart 
 
 asfincerely tendringthe publick good as his own (having obferved an illCuftome of a long 
 
 ftandingini'/V.Vj, That the General could no fooner lead his forces out of the City but there 
 
 was either fome fcdition raifed in the Army, or fome innovation made at home) began to con- 
 
 fult with himfelf. In whofe hands to cntruft the City when he (hould be forced to go out to War. 
 
 He married therefore the daughter of Z.f;)f«/, who was very popular, of great authority among 
 
 the Citizens, of eminent honefty and faithful to his truft. 
 
 Having thus provided for Domeftick affairs, he devifed a remedy ( very nccefTary indeed , 
 but not altogether praife-worthy) againft the infolency of the mercenary fouldiers ; Tor draw- 
 ing out his army againft the Mamcrtines when they met him near ^enturipa, he ordered his bat- 
 tel near the River of the cy<*ntofians with fuch art, that he left a good diftance between the Ci- 
 tizens and the Mercenaries, thencommandingthe Mercenaries to begin the fight, as if heand 
 the City forces would on fome other fide Charge the enemy while they were already bufied. The 
 Mercenaries by this means being furroundcd by the greater number of Mamertines, were flain ^ 
 himfelf (having thus employed the enemy) marched fair and foftly with his other forces 1037- 
 racuffi 
 
 Havingin this manner purged the Army of thofe who were ill difpofed and cndined tofedi- 
 tion, he diligently Traineth his City forces, hireth new Auxiliaries, and now having the good- 
 will of all (the moftinfoleniw;„g removed and the reft not daring to murmure) he order'd 
 the Government according to his own pleafurc. n..i..o,„n while, the Mamertines proud of 
 their late vidory and grown more fierce, faflily,and without fear invaaea ana c^cWeA theSy- 
 racufanTehtories. H;*ro now confiding both in the City and Army, forthwith marcheth o\it Viadtri tzh^, 
 againft them, and pitcheth his Camp near the enemies City, almoft empty by reafon of having b.ti 
 fent out every way fo many Troops. The Mamertines underftanding the danger, fuddenly return 
 home to the relief of their City, with all their forces joyned. Hiero removing his Camp out 
 of the Mamertinc Fields, takeththcCity of ^;/.e, and in it fifteen hundred fouldiers ; thence 
 gaining by the way fome Caftles, he marcheth to Amefelnm (which is feated in the midft be- 
 tween Agjrium and CentHrifx) which (though it were well fenced , and proteded by a ftrong 
 Garrifon ) he forced and dcmolifhed, the fouldiers he received into pay, and caufed to fight un- 
 der him ^ the grounds he divided between the Centuri pines and Agyrines. Being animated with 
 this fuccefs, he again invaded the Mamertinc Teritories, taketh v^/e/«w upon compofition^ but 
 the Abacenines and Tyndarites voluntary furrender themfelvcs to him. Hereby were the Cities 
 on each hand next to CM4anaon both the coafts fubjeft to Hitro^ (for the Tindaritans inha- 
 bit toward the Etrurian Sea, the Tauromenians, who were at this time in fnendrtiip with the , 
 Syracufans, toward the Sicilian Sea.) The Mamertines therefore being ftreightned , fend out 
 their forces under theconduft of Cio their Pretor to oppofe the enemy, who now was lodged 
 near the River Longanus in theMylean fields. The battel being begun , and the fight along 
 time doubtful, H»>rB fuddenly fending in frefh Troops upon the Flank of the Mamertines, made p^,;j ,.j 
 the Vidory his own. For before the fight HitrohiA placed together two hundred Meffanian 'Didorus 
 Exuls, valiant men, who hated the Mamcrtines, with four hundred choice men of his own Ar- 
 my, commanding'them, Togo^bout the hilllhoXdiX, a»d by afudden iKCurfiontofalluponthe 
 €»emy oh the other fide, which they ftoutly performing were the caufe why the whole Mamertinc 
 Army fell bv the fword. 
 
 Cio , feeing all loft, and defiring nothing more then to dye, was taken prifoner , fore 
 wounded , and conveyed into the Syracufan campe, finding the Predidion of the Entrailes 
 and SouthVayers true in another fenfe then he expeded. For before the Battel the Prophets 
 looking into the Inteftines of the facrifice promifcd, He /hould /ie i» the Emmies C^mp that 
 night: Which he cftceming an arguracntofvidory too late found himfelf deluded by another 
 
 f 2 m-
 
 44- 
 
 The Supplement of Livie, Book V I. 
 
 9trih.b.6 
 Dioderut 
 
 Poljb,i.9 
 
 Fo'jhita 
 
 Zcnins. 
 Itlybius. 
 
 ZemrM 
 Voljbiu* 
 
 Stlufiii frig. 
 
 riarum 11.14 
 
 Ciufilai in 
 Str^b. 
 
 Stmboh.S 
 
 MtcroLiid 
 
 Interpretation, with grief and ficknefs call; down,when the next day among other horfes,hcefpyed 
 that his fon rode upon intheField , conjefturing thereby his death, he refolutely pulling the 
 cloaths «nd plaifters eff his wounds made way to his own death. The Mamertincs , undcrftand- 
 ing their overthrow, grew full of defpair, and were now ready to prcfent their humble fupplj- 
 cation to the Conqucrours , when an unexpeded accident prevented them. It happened that at 
 the fame time Ha»»H>al , the Carthaginian Prctor , wasinthe Liparaa» ]i\sinds , which are 
 adjacent to Siciiy. He having intelligence of /^^rAViftory , fearing left ( the Mamertines 
 being utterly vanquifliedj the Syracufan power would grow too great for the Carthaginians , 
 came fuddcnly over under pretence of congratulating with //jVro for his Vifiory-, and hinder- 
 ing him from diredly marching to Mejfana, did himfelf make firftenterance, andwhenthe 
 Mamertines were now ready to yield, did not only poffefle them with hopes of retaining their 
 liberty, but left aftrong Garrifon of his own fouldiers amongft them. Hiero underftanding 
 himfelf by this craft dcluded,& being not fufficiently prepared for a fiege,made now more difficult, 
 returned to Sjracftfe, where being received by all with very great joy.he was by an univerfal accla- 
 mation faluted King, which Title he afterward retained with the confcnt both of the Citizens 
 and others of the Idand without. 
 
 When H«ro was retreated, the Mamertines having a little fpace of rcfuming confidence, be- 
 gan to deliberate upon their prefent condition, but were divided into two Fadions- fome thoughc 
 it not tobedifputed,-'But that they ftiould commit themfelves to the proteftion of the Car- 
 
 • thaginians, which as for many other reafons it was convenient, fo having admitted their Gaf- 
 •rifon, 'twas httle leffe then neceffary. On the other fide 'twas faid, 'The Carthaginians 
 ' were no leffe enemies to the Mamertines then Hiero, that without doubt their purpofe of de- 
 ' fending of the City was not outof good will , but defire of Dominion ; That of a long time 
 
 • they had afpired to the Empire of Sici/y, neither were caft down from their bold hopes by lofTe 
 ' of Armies and Navies, do not by wars in Africa, and fear of their own ftate at home ; That 
 ' therefore without exception they muft prove VaffaU if they commit themfelves to thofc whoi 
 ' have fo ftrong a Navy , and poflcfle greateft part of Sicily it felf. That 'tis thereTore no way 
 ' expedient to defire aid from the Carthaginians, a covetous, unfaithful people, who will lay' 
 
 • heavier burdens upon them then they could fear from the Syracufans. if the Punick Garrifoa 
 
 • came only with intent to prefcrve theCity fromHj>ro,they may now upon fair terms be difmifled 
 
 • having done the work : But if they have fome other Glandeftine defign, it behooveth thenj 
 
 • with the greater care to prevent the danger of their deceitful friendfliip. That they fliould ra- 
 'ther implore affiftancc from the Romans, asapcoplcinvincible, of unqueftionable faith and 
 •fincerity, who will have neither occafion nor opportunity of keeping yI^f/,«M(» under their ju- 
 
 • rifdiftion, as having not a foot of ground in Sicily, not any ufe of fea affairs, and confcquently 
 ' taking no care therein. That they would be abundantly content to keep Ital) fecure from H»- 
 ' ero and the Carthaginians, having made Me^nna ftrong.asan obftacle to their further proceed- 
 
 • ings. That therefore they fliould continue to rely upon the R^-n^n taith rather then any other 
 •Nation; that indeed they could neith»."'-''J'onertY or any convenience change their former 
 
 • counfels. having ohcaay lent Embafladors and obtained hope of fuccour and relief. For the 
 Mamertines before their laft battel with H<>y«, beginning then to diftruft in their own ftrength 
 had craved affiftance of the Romans as their Kinfmen. And the people being perfwaded by the 
 Confulswho were defirous of employment in the Wars, had decreed that aid fhould be fentto 
 them ; but the Senate out of fhamc to be counted authors of the bufinefs, did defer it. For 
 they who had lately fo fevcrely paniflied their own Legion for the wicked furprize of Rhegiurn 
 if they fliould now affift the Mamertines, who had by the like treachery obtained the maftery of 
 Mejfana, they faw they fliould dearly loofe the reputation of their Juftice and Fidelity, which 
 by their former aft they had acquired. But now having heard of the Mamertines overthrow , 
 and not doubting but if they were forfakcn by the Romani, they would apply themfelves to the 
 Carthaginians, with one confent they ordained to fend them relief. For in the Senate many 
 bad before inclined to this opinion, asforefeeing thatotherwifc^r/^w^ quickly, and notion** 
 after all Jici/ji would come under the Carthaginian power, which if itwere.oncecomctopafle' 
 they fliould be forced to fight with the Carthaginians for their own pofTeffions in Italy. 
 
 For this danger would prove unavoidable , as well by reafon of the infatiable defire of Rule in 
 thofe who are potent, as by the convenient fcituation of the places. For Italy, proceeding in a 
 long traft between the two feas from the Ligurians and Venetians , to the Brutians , is there 
 divided from Sicily by a very narrow Channel. For there is no doubt made but that thefe Re- 
 gions in old times were a continent, afterward divided by the fea ^ whether the grounds being 
 low were eafily overflown , or whether fome earthquake or ftrength of the Tides cut off the 
 ■ Ifthmos. From hence many think that T owa to be calkd Eh egium , becaufe things which are 
 broken , are by fome fuch word nominated in the Greek Tongue. 'Tis therefore very credible 
 that the firft inhabitantsof •S'/c/Zj' cameoutof/M/jr, as may be conjeftured by the very name. 
 For the Opici are faid to have built a Citic on the advcrfe fliore over againft Italy , which be- 
 caufe it was fcituate in a Creek of the fea bearing the figure ofa Sythe, they called it, I beleeve, 
 Sicilia, which the Grecians afterward coming , czlkd Zaucle , both thofe words inthefeve- 
 ral Languages fignifying a Sythe. From thence , as often it happens , the name was derived to 
 the whole 1 (land , Which was by many called both Zancle and Suilia. 
 
 This
 
 In place ofLWit's S ixteenth "Boof^. ^5 
 
 This Ifknd far excelleth all others in che.'i'/.«.tfrr4»^«« Sea, both in extent of ground and 
 fiuitfulneneofSoile. yeeldmg abundance of Oy land Wine and Corn of the beft adorned with 
 many , and thole very great Cities, even to wonder ; and if you confider the Commoditv of ^'''^''" ^'^l- 
 the Havens and feituation of the whole Ifland , there is karce to be found in the world a place '"°'' '^ 
 more ht for the chxfe feat of an Empire : For , being near adjacent to Italy , on the contrary 
 part.c looketh toward t^;V,M, on another fidelyeth Sardhi., , and oneaft it hath Pelovonne. 
 jui devided from Grtcia by the Ionian fea : On every hand the voyage is fliort and the pafTage 
 culy for ni.ps whether bound outward or homeward. And truly , though other reafons were ,, 
 alledgcd ycctheonlycaufe of the War between the Carthagintans and Romans, was, with- f i'^^V- • 
 out doubr,che great defire each of them had to be Matters of this mand. The Romans found fault c 46 ^ ' 
 Tlut rhi C^rthjpr,,ans contrary to the league had affifled theTArentir,es ; the Carthaginians 
 on the other fide charged them, for having entred int» Cc„f^ieracj yvithYVxttoazaiM them 
 But to [o great a poiver were now both thefe Cities advanced , thac it «ouId not be avoided 
 but that ac lome time or other for fome caafe they muft needs find occafion to fall our For as 
 Trees planted at no great diftance.for a while do not much hinder one the other but being grown 
 to fome bignelTe bereave one the other ofjuice and nouriHimcnt from the earth'and at ful growth 
 encerwindmgboth root and branches mutually deftroy one the other : So rifing Empires cannot 
 Jong be at Amitie and fnendOiip, but, fwallowing up what is interjacent between each others Do- 
 ,nior.-3, delire to try the fupenority between themfelvcs, neither being able to put a limit to 
 their own ambition or to enlarge their Territories without removing all Opponents 
 
 To thefe caufes may be added the great power the Comminalty had in each City together with 
 their earncft defire of undertaking che War. In Carthage the vulgar fort did much prevail , ^„-<j., p.,/i 
 andnowintheencreafeof their City, growing rich by many Commodities , were willing for Vxi 
 gains fake ro have war upon war. The condition of the Romafi people was not much different ^omns 
 for having in the former wars fuftained damage in their edates, they hoped by the riches of i"/' P^'/*-'-'» 
 t./;torecompencethemftlves, and therefore, according to that power they had lately extort- 
 ed from the Senate, did approve and confirm their fentcnce who perfwadcd the war Hereby 
 ^ppuu theConful being commiffioned (whereas otherwife the major part of the Senate had ^T' '^''"''°'' 
 afrented,overpowr.ng the votes of thofe who flood to old Rules; without delay fendeth CUu- zL,,, 
 ^,«. a Tribune ot fould.ers beforehand with fome few rtiips, to ohferve an ovfortumty, and if ' 
 
 Mni^ey, cfiered to waft over int, Sicily. When he was come to Rheginm, not daring to hazard auB ^e vhh 
 hisftips becaufehe fawthe feas obftruded ivith a greater fleet of Carthaginians, he entred £"c..7 
 into a I-,(heimans yefTcl and crofl-ed over to Mejfa^a ; there difcourfing with the Mamertines 
 as Lhcprelentoccaiion required, being not able to overcome the contradiaion o( theCznha&i- 
 Td^aJZ^nT;^ ll^ T ^^^'"S do"= his bufineflfe. But awhile after underftanding there was -„„,,.; 
 
 M r?rhrr,r.^'^''"^^ the greater part bearing lU 
 
 Wil tOtoeCarthaemianCarrilnn ho aa^iinrr^rr^A ,u^r^~ j S ^« »- t-oii w>.*i.uigii» 
 
 fent pucpoletold fhem, H'7.1V"i!l";?f '^.i'^^A ' and among other things to the pre- 
 i,e J:Jtmm.d:.uly returr,. Thicarthaginiam S^^ll^a^' ttZl"'^!'^''!''' ^' ^"i'^f'^ 
 fdvesfcrthelihertj f a Otj r.h,cb r.at tt.der .heir jur,fdia.o„ , th^ 6:::CgiT/„s^^/';f. 
 ready tutof their goodwill taken care that the Mamertines [hoHldnot be compiled to befubnato 
 the S)racujam : That therefore be might depart , or elfe give fome other reafon of his being at 
 Aiffin.:.. Claudifu denied. The Citjwoi free fo leg at a Forreign garrifon contiriHtd therein 
 'iti^ryitthir-phafure,- 
 
 To this when no man returned any anfwer , the Carthaginians out of pride, the Matncrtines 
 for fear hoIJmg their peace , he cunningly and readily proceeded , 'Tis plai>ie ,* faitli he , by thii 
 jo«- ger,eral jiience , tbat.the Carthaginians caufe is Mnj^ft , and that the Atamertine) are de- 
 fir ens ef lihtrty , othemife neither would the one forbeare to jnfiifie their own R,ght , and the t- 
 thers, i* thej confenied with the Carthaginians , having no caufe todijfemble, would freelr and. 
 oper.iy fpt^^\their ml»dt. At this therearifingakind of a noife in the affembly , many praifine 
 hisfpecca as true, and indeed agreeing with their inward thoughts; he ( thinki'ng he had for' 
 the prefent , fufiicicntly moved the Mamertines and tryed the difpofition of their minds ) wenc 
 back to Rhea^ium. And not long after, having made ready his (hips , he attempted to pafle 
 over- but being much inferiour to the Carthaginian Commanders, both in number of veflTels ^ 
 and skill in fea affairs , and being beaten back by the violence of the Waves , inafudden ftorme 
 'arifing , he returned to his port , having loft fome fliips , and hardly faving the Reft. But be- 
 ing nothing terrified with, this mifad venture , he new trinoned his fliips, refolvin" upon a bet- 
 ter opportunity once more to make tryal of Fortune : When behold mefTengers came from 
 Hanr.o (Governourof the Mamertine Garrifon , and Guardian of the feasj bringing with 
 them ail the fhips and men which theCarthaginians had taken in the former fray: Hanno'sdc- 
 fign beren was to taft the blame of the breath of Covenants upon the Romans, he therefore ai- 
 fo complained, Th.it trey hud ly force m tempted to fail in thofe fe^s which wire iH the poffcffionof 
 thi Carthaginians • and furthermore perfwaded them to have a great care of preferving peace 
 and maintaining the league. > 
 
 But hearing tliatCAjW/^»j would not admit of any conditions unlefTe they would withdraw 
 ihcir forcei out of M.^ar.a, and that agiin he endeavoured to crofs the fea, he vaunted. That 
 h, v^ciiU Kot I hffcr the Romans fo mnch as to ^afh thetr hands in that fea. Nevcrthelefs he could 
 
 noE
 
 ^6 
 
 The Supplement of Livie, Book V I. 
 
 Foliki.io 
 
 Vder. Mixim, 
 
 2,7. '.'X-. 
 
 VoljHit* 
 Vkiori Edoj;. 
 
 TffW.-.ii 
 
 Vkiori Edoj 
 b.i2 
 
 Zomrts. 
 Vioiori Eclo|. 
 b. 2} 
 
 Polfbiut 
 , Ztuns 
 
 PioJori Eclog. 
 i'o/, bins 
 
 Vioiori Ecioc, 
 
 Viodori Eclog 
 b.ii 
 
 not prevent CLudiut , who obferving the Nature of the fea , laid hold of an opportu- 
 nity when the wind happily helped the Tide, and arrived in Sicily without oppofition. There 
 calling aCounfelof thofe Mamertines he found in the Haven, he pcrfwaded them. To c«// Han- 
 no to thim, as if they had feme hnfinefs at frtfent to confult with him about. For Hanno , not 
 much confiding in the Townfmens doubtful minds, had with the fouldiers poflefTcd the Gallic 
 neither was he willing to truft himfelf in any of their Afiemblies : Yet fearing if he betrayed 
 his Diffidence he might cncreafe their complaints, and byhisabfehcegive themoccafion to joyn 
 with the Romans, he came to difcourfe with them, where the time being fpun out with difputati- 
 on and wrangling, theRomans, with the Mamertines their approbation, laid hands on him and 
 call; him into prifon. So being circumvented by craft, and frightned with menaces , when no o- 
 ther condition would be accepted, he was compelled to reftore the Mamertines theiiCaftle, and 
 draw away his Garrifon, The Carthaginians upon intelligence of the bufincflc, were above 
 meafure exafpersted , and f whereas otherwife they ufcd to punifti their Commanders for evil 
 counfels though they pro fperedj exclaiming both againft the folly and cowardizeof Hanne , 
 miferably crucified him, and immediately fent both fea and land forces to Meffana with anotheC 
 Hanno, the ion of Hannibnl, to order iffairs in Sici/y : He drawing his forces together at Li- 
 lyhtium, marched to i'e/»»«»/, where pitching his Camp, he left his foot army and went to y^- 
 ffrigentum, and (having fenced the Caftle there) he drew the people, being friends to the Car- 
 thaginians, into arms againft the Romans : From whence being returned to his Camp, Embaf- 
 fadours came to him from Hitro, who being no whit content with the Romans arrival into Sicilyf 
 thought this the fitteft feafon wherein joyning forces for a time with the Carthaginians, both 
 they and alfo the Barbarians in pofleflion of yi/fjf<j»<i might be driven out o£ Sictlj. Having 
 therefore had difcourfe with the Carthaginian General, they eafily agreed to enter into confe- 
 deracy againft the Romans, who had fupplanted both to their equal loffc , each of them having 
 failed of their hopes of Me([atia : 'twas ordered they (hould joyntly befiege Mejfana, and fuffcc 
 no part of Sicily to be fubjed: to any power but the Carthaginians or Syracufans. So the Car- 
 thaginian Comniander with his wholeftrength moved againft the Mamertines, having firft fenC 
 an Herauld to charge the Romans, //*;Si«jf wouU be efteemed friends of the CArthaginians to depart 
 MefTana, A»d within a time prefixed te ^«»> Sicily. The Ihips were commanded to keep their 
 ftacion about Teloroi •, the foot army fortified their Camp at a place not far from Meffana,c3.\\ti. 
 Cubilia, in the Greek toungue'EumJ. Hiere likewife, according to agreeJnent , came with 
 his Syracufant Army , and laid fiege to the Citie on the other fide , about the Hill Chalcidieus , 
 fb the Citie , being round begirt , could not fafely receive fuccour either by land or fea. 
 
 About the fame time , when the Herauld brought back no peaceful anfwer from Meffana , 
 the Carthaginians, partly out of anger, partly out ofdiftruft, cruelly put to death all their 
 Mercenary fouldiers which were Italians by Nation. Thefe things were no fooner heard at Rome^ 
 but the Conful j^pfius was forthwith fent with a ftrong Army to Rhes-"'" > tucnce he fent fome 
 before, to treat with the Carthaginians and w---«,bvu.i,ieakmgupthefiegc, mthemcaa 
 time , feeing the feas fo ftrongiv s— -''i' y ne was very felicitous and intent in contriving how to 
 crnfc'nver Nvieh >.M Icaft danger. The Conful's Embafladours brought back no friendly anfwer 
 from the Carthaginians , but were by Hiero with an accurate oration fharply reprehended , be 
 firft having recounted the many good offices he had done the Romans , proceed faying , 'lam 
 •in doubt, Romans, whether I Ihould grieve for my felfor for you ; I indeed have loft friends of 
 
 * you fomcwhat worfe then I took you to be , but ye have loft that Reputation of Jufticc and In- 
 *tegrity for which ye were fo famous among all Nations. With the Mamertins ye never had 
 ' any friendfhi p or fociety,yc had heretofore League with the Carthaginians,and lately entred in- 
 ' to one with Me. Being now willing to breake thefe Leagues, can ye give an account, bywhac 
 'injury from us, or merit of the Mamertines ye are thereunto provoked ? But becaufc the 
 ' Carthaginians are able to fpeake for themfelves, omitting what concerneth them, Ifhallatprc- 
 ' fent put you in mind of things in reference to my felf alone. The Mamertines your good 
 ' Country men , did , as you know , receive pay under the Syracufan Banners , and being dif^ 
 ' mifed for their Reiurne iot Italy ^ after they had been entertained as freinds and Companions 
 ' by the poore credulous MefTenians , committed a moft horrid fa(S,as hath not been remembred 
 
 • by man, flaying in the night time their Land-lord»,and keeping in their own power, their goods, 
 ' wives , children and the Citie it felf. Which unlefTe your felvcs ( being of the fame opinion 
 ' with other men) had judged to be a moft vile and execrable villany, you would not fo feverely 
 ' have punifhed the felf fame faft of the Campanians committed upon the Rhcgi ans, by the Ma- 
 
 • mertines Example. By the fame indignitie therefore wherewith ye were moved to take revenge 
 
 • of wicked villanics , by the fame am I moved not to let the Mamertines goe unpunifliedi efpeci- 
 
 * ally feeing they have fince committed fo many Robberies almoft all Sicily over , burj-ingasic 
 ' were the memory of their firft offence with others afterward committed. For ( to omit other 
 ' things) in that they dcftroyed the Cities of C<»w<»r»»4 and C7f/<i,then under the Syracufan prote- 
 ' dion.is reafon fufficient why I ftiould with a Juft and pious War profecutethe boldneffe of fuch 
 'moft impudent Men. If ye therefore undertake to defend them becaufe, being born in the 
 ' fame //d/r , they areas it were yourkinfmen, how much more juftly might you have fpared 
 ' the Rhegians which were your fellow-Citizens? When in the tikingo( Rhegium I helped 
 
 * you with Auxiliaries and Provifions, how Ihould I poflibly then Divine that ye would hereafter 
 
 • hindcf
 
 Inplaceofl^iy'it's Sixteenth ^00^, /^y 
 
 * hinder me when I (hould upon as juft caules beliege (.Milfttna? But what need lufemany 
 
 * words ? if you have any care left of your repuca tion and faithfulnefle, if any fenfe of hor.el ty^ 
 
 * at leaft if any fliame, 1 ought not to doubt but that you will with your forces rather affift roe 
 ' in my juft caufe then oppofe me. Butif theconfideracionof thefe things fecm light unto you , 
 'however the event of war be doubtful, 'tis mofl: certain all the world will plainly underftand , 
 
 * That the Romans were incited to bare arms againlt us, not out of any colour of Juftice and E- 
 
 * quicy, not by any injuries received ( for that ye can no way pretend) not out of any pity or 
 
 * good will to theMamcrtincs, butmeerly by their own ambition, and inordmate deiireof ad- 
 ' ding this Noble Ifland to their Empire. 
 
 When this anfwer was returned, ^;);)»«/ having obfervcd that foftrong a Navy guarding the 
 pafTage he could not without manifeft danger crols over, plotted a very fubcil and cunning de- 
 vice, he faid, He did by tio meam defire that Hiero pjould he alienated from the Remaps, ikat the Fror.tinus 
 war wai not dfcreed againjl him, neither could be profecuttdrvithottt the peopler command. At a Ittatsgcm 1.4 
 day therefore appoitited he commanded his Sea-men 10 be ready, having their rtiips prepared for 
 the voyage as if he would fail home. Now he was not ignorant that there were many borh Car- 
 thaginian and Syracufanfouldicrs in the Rhegian Port, under the pretence of being Merchants ,. 
 by whom he thought this news would quickly be conveighed to thole who would have it true.' 
 And it hapned accordingly as he had forefecn,for he no fooner had entred into his (hips on a clear 
 Sun-fliinieday,and failed along the Italian {hore,but prefendy news was carried to theCarth.igi- 
 nian fleet which guarded the feas, whereupon they now not fearing the enemy would make any 
 attempt that way, left the paffage open, failing themfclves likewife away whither it pleafcd them. 
 The Conful, who had forethought it would lb come to pafle. Reared his courfe backward in the 2orM»s 
 night time, and arrived in Sicilj with his whole Navy , no body fo much as obferving, much 
 Icfle hindring his coming. 
 
 It wasabold Enterprize and full of hazard, for an army unskilful in fea-afTaires , in the 
 night time, blindly to venture with rude and illbuilt (hips through a fea dangerous in it felf, p^/.ji ,, 
 though it had not been dark , nor any enemic to be feared : And the exploit was thought wor-, 
 thy to be made known to Pofterity , by a new Cognomen thereupon given to the Conful, For., 
 becaufc hemadeufeof many ve(rells, made of the Trunks of trees, for thetranfportacionofhis yf„f(i jt Brer, 
 fouldiers, he was, in admiration of the fad: , by thcfimplicity ofthatagefirnamed C<?W(rf , viiae.c.ij 
 which fignifieth the trunk of a tree. For the Romans having no ufe of lea affliirs , had neither F«i/i'.»»o 
 any covered (hip or long boate, or good skiff in a bufineflc of fuch concernment ns this was-, but 
 made ufc of thofc Triremes which the Tarentines and Locrians had lent the Eleats and Neapoli- 
 tans , together with little vefTels of Traffick of fifty Oarj. But Affius landini; not fat from xorurxt 
 the place where the Syracufans had pitched their Camp , Encouraged his fouldiers and declar- 
 ing to them. The ViClorj rvould be certain if they came upon the Enemy unarvares , immediately 
 proceeded to aflault their Camp. Hiero being awakened with the fudden tumult , marched out 
 with what forces wctc r^arly. for a time the fight was very (harp , the Roman horfemcn were 
 beaten back, but the Legions ftouciy itanai-g.^ir . H/ero was overthrown , and with hismen ?o\ylm\^^ 
 fearfully retreated into his works. Appim having commanaea tuc Uv«a l<.<i;«c ro be plunder'd. 
 entred into Mejf.imt, freeing the Mamertines from great fear, and filling them with better hopes 
 for hereafter. Hiero feeing himfelf beaten before he could fee the enemy (as liimfelf afterwards Zonans 
 confelTcd) and fufpeding that the Carthaginians had betrayed the paffage over the fea, when F/crwi. x 
 he had revolved many things in his doubtful mind, began to be in fear of the main chance,and in P""'"" ^'^"i- 
 the dead time of the next night he drew his army out of their Trenches, and marched direftly 'pdyb.i.ix 
 without halting to Syracufe. When he was gone, Appiw thought fit to make ufc of the terror zonarat^ 
 of his late ViiSory in vanqui(hing the Carthaginians alfo, and having ordered his fouldiers to I"*';*'"'- 
 refre(h them felves in time, marched out in the dawning of the day to afTault the Carthjlginian 
 Camp, which was pitched in a very fafe place, by nature and art diligently fenced, for on one 
 fide the fea, on the other fide deep Marifhes and Bogs encompa(Ted it in the form .of a Tenin^ Zomrtt 
 fula : That narrow fpaceof ground where was pafTage to firm land was fenced with a ftrong 
 wall againft all affaults. Here the Roman fouldiers beginning the Itorm, could not prevail a- 
 gatnft the ftrength of the place and multitude of defendants, but being beaten back wth darts 
 and ftoncs Casintheftormof aCity ) they were forced to retire without having done their 
 
 work. . . . . '. 
 
 Many times it hapneth in warthatillfuccefsin the beginning givcth occafion ofbetter for- 
 tune, while they who are worftcd endeavour with better advice and more courage to make up 
 their lofle, andtheenemy on the other fide being bewitched with a flattering opinion of felicity, 
 andtnkingno heedagainft future chances, are cirried away with rarhneffe. as at this time it 
 came to paffe to the Carthiginians, for they not being content to have repulfed the cnemies,ilTu- 
 cd out of their Camp and purfued them as if they had fled , thinking the Romans had yielded 
 not fo much to the difficulty of the place, as to their virtue and courage. 
 
 When therefore they were come outof their works, the fortune of the light changed with 
 the place , and a great number of them were flaine, fome fled into the Camp , others as they 
 hr.d convenience into the Cities round about^ neither durfl: they any more ftir out of their \>olyh:iei 
 C.imp as long as Claudius was at Me^'.tna. The Coniul , con(idering the nature of the place Zomnt. 
 ii-nd difticulcyof its fcituation , thought it no wifdom 10 make a fecond afTauIt, and feeing his 
 
 time
 
 +8 
 
 The Supplement of Livie, BodkVL 
 
 To'jhim 
 Zmaru 
 
 aims b.« 
 
 Eutropm bi i 
 
 Livie Epkom. 
 Zonirif. 
 
 time to be fpent in vaine thereabouts ^ leaving a ftrong Garrifon at A-fejfana , Invaded the 
 Territories of the Syracufans and their Confederals ^ and having without oppofition wafted the 
 Grounds , he conceived fuch Confidence , that he marched up with his army even to Syracufe 
 it felf : Where the Battel was very doubtful , and at one time the Conlul was in great danger , 
 and had certainely been furrounded and taken, bad he not fuddenly bethought himfelf and fcnt 
 to Hiero , to treat on Conditions of peace. Hitro likewife fent a friend of his to confult about 
 the bufinefTe , and the difcourfe being on purpofe drawn out in length , the Couful had time to 
 bring his men into a place of greater fecurity : The Syracufans likewife following the fame ex- 
 ample, had many treatiesof peace with the Romans, and indeed an agreement had been m^de, 
 but that Hiero was unwilling to be the author thereof. In thefc affaires the greater part of the 
 year was fpent ; then the Cenful returned to Mejfana , where leaving lome forces to proteft 
 the Mamertines , with the reft of his men he croffed over to Rhegium : From thence he went to 
 Rome to his Triumph which he made , over the Carthaginians and Hiero K\ngoi Sicily , with 
 great joy of the People.as being the firft over a Forreign Nation.This was the firfl of the Romans 
 defigncs by fea , and fuch was the fuccefTe of their undertakings in Sicilj. But thefe things and 
 the adions of following times arc much corrupted by the ambition of writers , the cheife where- 
 of, Thiliuus Agrigentinus ^ znd FalMui Ti^or , the one ftriving to advance the Carthagini- 
 ans Glory , the other the Romans , they both negled their duty , and the truth of Hiftory : 
 Whofe Levity Polyhins defervcdly reprehends. For if even in private caufes it be held an accurf- 
 ed Crime to circumvent any one by falfe Teftimony ^ the author of an hiftory is certainely to be 
 efteemed more fouly perfidious if he corrupt the afts of Princes and Commonwealths with fai- 
 (hood : He ought to value truth more then any earthly Comrtiodity or his own life , and the 
 lefTc deferveth pardon in that he cannot alledge fo much as any faire pretence for his Lyes , for 
 if he durft not for forae caufes freely fpeakallhe knew, he might certainely without dangec 
 have held his Tougue. While CUudtus in Sicily vanquifhcth //«>•« and the Carthaginians , 
 M. Fuiviuj the other Conful bringeth the Volfinian ficge to an IfTue , having to dealewith 
 men who by defpair were hardned and made valiant againft all violence, he at length tameth 
 them by famine. Upondelivery of theCity,hedid withexquifite torments put to death that 
 unthankful and infolent crew of Libertines ; the City it felf he demoliflied , the other Volfini- 
 ans who had not put off the faith of Icrvants, and reverence towsfrd their mafters, he diffributed 
 into feverai feats round about. 
 
 This war was likewife thought worthy of a Triumph, which the Conful made in the Calends 
 of November^ as over the Volfinians. While the fame Confulswere in office a Luftration was 
 performed by the Cenfors, Cm. Comelitts Sitid C.Marciw, and there were regiftred the names 
 of two hundred ninety twothoufand, two hundred twenty and four Citizens j a very great and 
 almoft incredible number to one who fhall confider how many were loft in the wars,which hard- 
 ly ever ceafed fince the foundation of the City; and how many were alf« Availowcd up by thePe- 
 j4 ftUence zni Malignant difeafes as raging as the war ir f-if. »-« indeed the Commonwealth was 
 made invincible and not to hp"—'"-''y''ny calamity or flaughter whatfoever, by the wife 
 fldwire of R,,nHitis ( which wBs conftantly obfervcd by pofterity) in daily admitting new people 
 into their City, infomuch that neither all the loffes received by Tjrrhus , nor their many fhip- 
 wracks in the firft Punick war, nor the fights of Thrajimene and C<i««« in the fecond,were able fo 
 much to afflift it, but that ftill (he did rife more chearful, free and valiant out of all her trou- 
 bles. 
 
 But in Greece the Lacedaemonians who were alfo very famous for their Difciplinc and Valour 
 in war, notany whit inferior to the Romans, becaufe they forbade ftrangers to coinhabit with 
 them, were not long able to uphold their Dominion, nor long after to maintain their Freedom; 
 Vtut.Agtli!. c. ^hen in the LcuSrian battel they loft not much more then a thoufand men , their Empire prc- 
 fently fell to the ground ; and at SeHaJia with the loffe of not quite fix thoufand , their Liberty 
 was taken away. But the Acbarans, inhabitants of tie fame Telopounefw, admitting freely a- 
 ny neighbours into equal priviledges with thcmfelves, did conftitute a very fair and flourifhmg 
 Commonwealth, and likely to have continued, had not fome few of them , to their own and 
 their Countries deftruftion, madly provoked the Romans, whofe power then was growa formi- 
 dable to all people. Such divers events are neceffarily confequent to divers inftitutions : For 
 as in nature it is agreeable, that thofe body es who are to a competent meafure daily refreftied 
 with wholfcme food, (hould be fkonger and longer lived then thofe who content with their 
 own natural ingenite moifture defpife all nouriftiment from without : fo it ft'ands to reafon, that 
 thofeCities fhooid better ftourifti, who admit into themfelves and make their own what in any 
 other placethey find to be excellent, then thofe, who by a foolifli arrogance, defpifing whatfo- 
 ever growcth not in their own foil, deprive themfelves of many good alliftants in obtaining 
 and prcfcrving their power and foveraignty. 
 
 This year gave a beginning to a cruel cuftom, which afterward ttras frequently and moft in- 
 temperately ufurped, That the bloed of man ftiould become ypublickfpeflacle ofpieafurc, be- 
 ing profufeiy (Tied for the fake of any mean and wanton fpedator. The authors oi thisbarba- 
 Livtt Epitem. f ous cuftomc were Af tnd D.funinjTrtttus, whoby a firangekindof piety, intending to ho- 
 "'' " nour t&e Aflies of their dead father, did with great favour of the Citizens exhibit a Fencing- 
 
 Shew. But this injury to mankind was moft fcverely revenged by a Peftilencc, which all this 
 
 and' 
 
 Cifitol. eclum, 
 Liv.Epit. 
 
 Eutropifft i 
 Smiis In 
 
 Ttdtut II 
 
 Citnjf.i.17 
 
 ^9 
 CUmen.^i 
 
 ^s/}mHib.}4> 
 
 fel.M*xvmt 
 
 4.».r
 
 In ff lace of Livies Sixteenth 'Boo\. 49 
 
 and the next year did furioufly rage. Concerning which when they had confulted the books of Orofiut 
 theSybills, 'civas found the anger of the gods was the caufe thereof. There arifing therefore a 
 fufpition that their Religious affairs were not rightly handled, thePrierts by diligent obfervati- 
 on and inquifition, found that many Chappcis and Temples were converted into the ufe of pri- ^&- °* ^'''• 
 vatemen, and that C4P/>.<rfl»»,», a Veftal Nun, was guilty of Inceft ; ftie prevented her doom by Qjlh^i^^ 
 hanging her felf, but he who had corrupted her, together with thofe fervants who were privy to 
 the faft , were executed according to Law. The holy places were redeemed out of private 
 hands to their wonted ufe. So having cleared the City in matters of Religion, the Fathers ap- 
 plied cheirmrnds again to the care of the Commoawealth ; and becaufe if/r/Kri/j being appeaf- 
 cd, there wa! no commotion in /f<e(;, they ordered both the new Confuls to be fent into Sicilj Zomras 
 with their Legions: the Confuls were M.Valerius cJW(».v»»j»« thecldeft fonof yW<»rf«.r,who 490 
 in the time of his office was called MefiUa, and Aif. O&aci/ifu Crafus, CF. M.N. Thefe f^^«''« "K'mt- 
 having fafely tranfported their forces were attended with the fame good fortune. For when af- "■*" 
 ter their taking the City of the Adranites by ftorm they had laid fiege unto ^enturipa , there 
 came Einba(l.idors to them from the Alarfines, offering to deliver up their town. 
 
 Thence the Confuls , marching through feveral parts of the Ifland , fometimcs with their 
 forces joyned , fometimes afunder , as they faw caufe, overcoming both Carthaginian and Sy- '"''"^'" 
 racufan , as often as they durft (land to the hazard of a Battel , fpread their fame and Terrour 
 round about: And fuch was their happineffe in following their fortune , and fo great their 
 force, that in a while after their were reckoned fixty feven Cities which had committed them- 
 felves to their Proteftion , in which number were the Tauromenitans and the Catanscans : Out *''""''P'«»b. t 
 of which Cities the Confuls leavying what Auxiliaries they pleafed, did daily incrcafe in ftrcngth, 
 and, pitching the Camp neere unto SjracfifekMf, confulted about the fiege of it. Which Dioderut 
 thing Hiero maturely confidering, when he began to diftrufl: in his own and the Carthaginian Volyb.i.i6 
 Forces, and withal thought the Romans were belt to betrufted, he refolved to enter irjto ^'»"('"». book 6 
 League with the Romans ^ and in order thereunto fent EmbafTadours to the Confuls to treate of . 
 Peace. Neither were the Romans at all averfe from making freindftiip with H»>o to feparate ^""•'"■' ^do^. 
 him from the ( arthaginians , efpecially becaufe thereby they might more eafily fupply their Legi- ** 
 ons with Come for food. For the Carthaginians having command of the feas , they could not pq^h^ 
 have Provifion from Italy , by which incommodity fhe former Conful reaped more trouble then 
 ^ from the enemy. But , when Hiero was once united to them , the li^xngAomtoi Syracufe be- 
 ing very fruitful , would plentifully afford them all NecefTarief. The Peace therefore was con- 
 cluded on thefe Articles , That what placet or frifouers Hiero haJ taken from the Romans or their ^p^!"' 
 ^Ifociatts he fionld re/lore without ra»fome,a)iei like^ifepaj an hundred Talents of filver ; that he j^'j^^^^j Eclcr' 
 Jhoiitd without mo/efiation raigneover Syncufe and all Cities under the Sjracfi/ansf urifdiftiin ; ij 
 the chief whereof were e-/^irr<e , Leontium , Megara , SUrus ^ Netini , Tauromenium. The Caw/iic" in 
 EmbafTadours being tlicnce fcnt to Rome, the fame Conditions were there confirmed , and the ^"'y^- 
 Senate decreed that Peace fliould be maintained with that King , and after a few dayes Cn, Ati- ^~^^* n 
 lius'Csil^tinus propounding it to the people, lUy lik^wife aflfented. This League, being SdTui 
 made for fifteen years , was perpetually kept enviolable : Hiero bearing Hicli Rcfpe<^ to the Ro- 'Foijbius. 
 rh^n Gre-unefTe and they fo bountifully requiting his good affedion , that neither of them had 
 caufe to repent 6f their friendfhip. H.<«n»^a/ the Carthaginian, being come AsktisXiphonia ^''^orus 
 with his fea forces, to raifethe fiege of JjrocAr/* , having intelligence of the Peace, returned 
 with greater haft then he came. The Romans being now ftrengthned by Hiero their afTociate ^"^f''"'*- 
 and fellow fouidier, made no delay, but quickly reduced many Cities from the Carthaginian 
 Jurifdidion. From Adr*ncn , a fenced village, and yI/<i«Z/4, after many dayes fiege they D/oicw 
 returned without effefting their Purpofe : But the Segertans they received into protedion,when ^omtts 
 they had flaine the Carthaginian Carrifon and voluntarily revolted to them : Among other ciaroFerriu 
 Confiderations , they faid they Loved the Romans for Kindred fake, deriving their Pedigree 4^^^ 
 from iy£>teas after his flight from Troy. And not long after the A lienxans came into the Ro- 
 mans •, But at Hilarus, Territus and Afcelus ihey were faineto ufe force and Engines, and there- Ztntns 
 fore dealt the more fcverely with the vanquifhed party. Whereupon the Tyndaritans.bcing terri- 
 fied, feeing themfelves next to danger , and help far from them, Entred into Confultation about 
 yielding thcmfelves to the Romans, but were prevented by the Carthaginians; forihey, fuf- 
 peAing what was in hand, fent away thecheifeofthe Citieas Hotlagcsto Zi/j^-eww, and took 
 in- good flore of Come and wine and other provifions. About this time the feverity oiO^acili- 
 *« Cr^jfu' the Conful was of much advantage to the Roman Difcipline, for thofe fouldiers who 
 being taken by f/^««/^4/, had bafely, for fafeguard of their lives, Submitted themfelves to bon- 
 dage, hecaufedtocontinue without the Camp to receive the firit charge from the enemy, that p„„,/„„j(ijy 
 fo, having no fence but their own courage, they might be the more valiant, trufting only in their ^ j 
 own courage, and not to any fecurity of the place they flood in. 
 
 After thefe and other exploits of no greater moment, winter now approaching, the Confuli Zcairw/ 
 difpofing feveral Garrif )ns in convenient places, returned into Italy and fo to Rome with the re- 
 fidue of their Armies. There was a Triumph decreed to UM. Valerius (whofe fuccefTe and Pefti Capitolin 
 piins had been molT: remarkable) over the Carthaginians and Hiero, which was performed the "'• 
 fixteenth of the Calends of t^pril. Among the fpoils was brought a Clock, which is therefore 
 taken notice of,becaufc it was the firfl which was fcen at Rome -, it was taken at Catina , and by 
 
 G ValtritiS
 
 50 
 
 The Supplement of Livie, Book V I. 
 
 frobium Siturn 
 
 Ctpitolim 
 
 Livie Epic. 
 
 Velkiui 1. 14 
 
 491 
 ttlib.1.17 
 
 Ztniru 
 
 Ttljiia 
 
 Zomru 
 
 ValtriHs placed upon a Pillar in publick near the Roftra : He alfo on the fide of the Court builc 
 by HopHtHs fet up a Table, whereon was painted the Battel wherein he ovcrcjme Huro and the 
 Carthagi nians, which before his time was not done by any man, but afterward by many. This 
 Vjlerius had his Sirname A/effalla from Meffuna ; but I wonder that fome Authors of no fmall 
 noteftiouidicnagincit was derived from his taking that City, whereas the fcries of affairs doth 
 evidently demonftrate, that it rather proceeded from his delivering that City from the troubles 
 it fuftained ( after Afpixs CUhHus bis departure^ from the Carthaginians and Hicro, remov- 
 ing the one enemy and reconciling the other. 
 
 In the mean while the Peftilence ftiU rageing, aDiftator was named for the knocking in of a 
 Nail, whowas Cn. Fulvius.Cn.F. Cn.N. A^dximusCeHtHmnlttj, hechofcfor Maftcr of the 
 Horfe ^. MttrciHs. ^F. ^ .N. Philtpfus. In the fame year the jEfernian Colony was planted, 
 whereas the year before one was deduced to Firmum, or as fome will have it to CaBrhw. Af- 
 ter this L. PofthumiMf, L.F. L.N. Megellus, and ^Mamiliut, ^.F. M.N. Fitu/uj were cre- 
 ated Confnls, and both of them had Sici/y allotted lor their Province : There were but two Le- 
 gions allowed them, which were thought fufficient, becaufe now having Amity with Hiero the 
 war was more eafie •, they confidered likewife that provifions would be the better procured if the 
 Army were but fmall. The Confuls baring tranfported their forces into Sici/j, and being joy- 
 ned with their afTociaces , pafling by things of leffer moment, thought fit with their whole 
 ftrength to befiege /Igri^entum, which City the Carthaginians had plentifully furniflied with 
 all manner of accommodations, intending it for the Magazine of their wars. For they feeing 
 Hiero had forfaken them, and that the Romans made Siciij their chiefeft care, they thought it 
 behooved them to make the more diligent preparation for the war. In the firft place therefore 
 they fent the greater part of their forces into .y^r^iiwjj, to lie in wait againft the Italian fliore , 
 by that means to divert the Romans from Sici/j, or at leaft to compel them to fend the fmallcr 
 forces then otherwife they would have done. 
 
 But being fruftrated of their hopes ( for the Romans had ftrength fufficient , both wherewith 
 to guard their own Coafts , and invade Sicily with a new army ) they hired many Mercenary 
 fouldiers of the Liguriansand Gau/s , but more out ofSpaine, whom, together with great plen- 
 ty of provifions^ they fent to AgrigentHm-.^ refolving to make that their Magazine ofCorne , 
 and the Receptacle of their Armies j being, by reafon of itsconveniency offeituation , and 
 multitude of buildings , fitter for fuch occalions then any other Citie ofSicilie of their Jurifdi- 
 dion. The onely feat of War therefore being about that Citie , the Romans, having confin- 
 ed the Carthaginians within their works , pitched their Camp within a mile thereof. The grain 
 was then ripe in the fields , and becaufe they forefaw the fiege would prove long , the fouldiers 
 fent out to rcape and bring in Come , wandrcd fomewhat too far and more carelefsly then ought 
 to have been done having an enemy fo near. The Carthaginians omitted not to make ufc 
 of thit occafion , and had indeed given a great overthrow to the Romans , but that they regain- 
 ed as much by their courage , as they bad loft by their negligMcc. For , when they who were 
 fent out to forragc were not able to rpfJft the affanit of the Enemy , the Carthaginians purfued 
 them even to ctie camp, where deviding their forces, fome prepared to ftorme the workes, 
 while the others maintained the fight with the guards without. Then , as often at other times , 
 the Laws of warfare duely obferved and the incorrupted Rigour of the Roman Difciplinefaved 
 them from an hazard tending te the deftrudion of their whole army. For ( it being a deadly 
 crime among the Romans for any caufc whatfoever to forfake their ftation ) the guard without , 
 knowing it was to no pupofe to fly back, though they were much overpowred in number , 
 maintained the fight with wonderful courage, lofing many of their own men , but killing more 
 of the enemies, till the Troupes had time to armethemfelves and come to their Relief, fothe 
 Enemie being there repulfed , and thofe who had now almoft entred the workes furrounded , the 
 Romans made a very great flaughter of them , and purfued the red even to the Citie. This ac- 
 cident made both the Enemie more fearful of IfTuing out, and the Romans more wary in theit 
 Forrage Henceforth the heat of their Contention being not fo great as before, ( for the Cartha- 
 ginians feldom made a fally, and then only in manner pickeering and light skirmifii)theRomani 
 thought fit to divide their forces, and plant their Camps on two (ides of the Citie, on the one 
 fide near to ty£fcftl«piuj his Temple , on the other in the high way leading to Heracles. Theic 
 Campswercfenccd with Trenches on both fides, toward the Citie, againft their Sallies , and 
 toward the Country both to fecurc themfelves from any invafion.and to hinder Relief from enter- 
 ing the Citie. The fpace between the two Camps was guarded with many companyes of foul- 
 diers. 
 
 In all thefeafTaires they were much afiifted by the Sicilant, who lately had made friendfliip 
 with them, of whom together with the Romans there were an hundred thoufand ^ They brought 
 provifions as far as Erhejfut , from whence ( it being not far off) the Romans fetched it into 
 their Campc. Whereby they had very great plenty of all NecefTaries, At this ftay the fiege 
 continued for almoft five moneths , neither much prevailing over the other (for they attempted 
 nothing but light skirmifhes) till at length the Tarthaginians began to have the worft on'r. 
 For a great number of men, little lefTc then fifty thoufand warr.ers, having been folongfliutup 
 inonetown, had fpent almoft all their corn, andfawno likelyhood of procuring more, the 
 Romans guarding all the pafTages • fo that they were much afflided both with their prefent mi- 
 
 fery.
 
 In jjlaceof Livie's Sixteenth ^oo\. 51 
 
 fcrie, and expeftation of future. Therefore Hamibal the fon of gefco (who was Commander 
 in chief ac ■^grigotum) by many me/Tengers craving relief againft hunger and other dangers , 
 Hanng the elder was fent into Sictly with fome Elephants and Souldiers which were for that pur- p^i y,^^ 
 pofe raifed. His Armyconlilledof fifty thoufand foot, fix thoufand horfe, and threefcore E- Dioi<,ri Edoj. 
 lephants,wi[h which forces he failed to Liijb£»m,lbcnce he marched to Heraelea, whither forth- b.i j 
 with came meffengers promifing to deliver up Erbe^tts to him • Being by their means msde mafter 
 of Erk(j.4j ( from whence the Romans hitherto had all t heir provi(ions) he fecmcd to have effc- p ^ •: 
 dcd a bulinefTe of great moment, as much abiding the Romans now for want of ncceflarics as "^ '^ 
 they had done the Agrigentines. 
 
 And now the Romans began to confult about raifing the fiege, which they were very near 
 giving over ,for a defperate bufmefs, had not the King of Siracuff, by trying all wayes, made 
 a fhift by ftealth to convey to them fome corn and other commodities , whereby their prefent 
 want was in fome mcaliire relieved. Hanna confidering the Romans now to be fr.int with hunger 
 and other infirmities following it, whereas his own men were well and lufty and in perfcd rtrengch , 
 approached near the Romans , refolving, if occafion were offered, to fight them. Marching 
 therefore with his fifty Elephants, and whole army from Herac/ea, he fends his Numidian horf- 
 men before to play about the enemies Camp, to provoke the Roman horfmen, and, ifpoflible,. 
 redraw them out intoambufli. TheNumidians according to order careleflely flying about the' 
 Conful's Camp, the Romans iflue out, beat back thole whooppofed, and purfued them af 
 they fled out of order, that way which they knew Hanne to be coming. The further they fol- 
 lowed the purfuit, the more difficult was their return to their own works, infomuch that many 
 of them were loll after they had met with frefh forces, which caufed thofe who fled likewifeto 
 turn and fight. Hdnno being by this much encouraged with hopes of the main Vidtory, placcth 
 himfclf upon an hill called Torw/, about amileandahalf dillancefrom the Roman Camp- nc- 
 vertheleffe the battel was deferred longer then was cxpeflcd between two Armies fo near one the 
 other; fomctimes the Carthaginian, fometimes the Roman unwilling to hazard their whole 
 fortune in one battel; while W<i««o was defirous to fight,the Romans contained themfclves within 
 their Trenches, becaufe they were exceeded by the enemy both in number and chearfulncffe , 
 being themfelves terrified and dejefted with the lofle their horfemen had fulfained. ^onins 
 
 But when they,(' feeing their affociates troubled and daunted at this their fear, the Enemy on the 
 ^ contrary grow more confident , and thinking it better to fight with the Carthagin ans then cn- 
 *dure fuch want) were refoivcd upon the Battel, then Hrf«»e began to fear , and decline the 
 encounter. Two months were thus fpent; nothing of greater moment being performed, but ^'''■''*''"' 
 light skirmifhcs which happened every day. At length , being moved with frequent entreaties 
 frcun Hannibal, who had daily fent out Meflcngcrs , and by lighted fires given him often no- 
 tice, That the befieged were no longer able to endure hunger, and that many were thereby 
 compelled to flee to the enemy -, //.«««» was refolved no longer to defer the battel, givmg or- ztmns 
 der to Hunmbal at the fame time to iffue out of the City. The Confnis having intelligence here- f rewwBi ftrat. 
 of, kept themfelves very quietly withm ttietr Camp, . Hanm the more funoufly prefents him- »» 
 felf in Battel array, marcheth up to their very Works, boldly provoKc. tUm to fight.reproach- 
 ing them with fear and cowardize, Theyon the contrary being content to repuHc the enemy 
 from their Trenches, neither ranged battel againlt them while they flood, nor purfued them 
 when they retreated. When things had been thus tranfafted for fome dayes together, and the 
 Carthaginians were fully perfwaded the Romans durft not venture on any further adion,!,.^^/?- 
 humius the Conful wifely made ufe of the enemies fecurity and contempt to his own good. For 
 fiKntly ordering his whole battel within the works, when the Carthaginians according toth^eit 
 cnllome came up to the works, he iffued out with a few and held them in adion with light skir- 
 mifties from day break till noon, then the enemy withdrawing themfelves, he brought forth his 
 Legions a .d made a charge upon them. 
 
 . Hunno , though he faw a necefficy of fighting contrary to his expedation,ftoucly entring into 
 battel , maintained it doubtful till the day was almoft fpent But the Romans , having on pur- 
 pofc well rCfrefhed their bodies and prepared them to tight , were not fo much troubled with 
 heat, thirft and Labour as were the Carthaginians , who, before the battrl , being weary with 
 fafting and (landing all day, the longer they fought, were the lefle able to reliil by reafon of tlic 
 weakncfle of their Bodys. At length the Mercenary fouldiers who flood in the front were no 
 longei: able to endure the brunt, and did not only give back themfclves , but falling in difor- 
 derly upon tlie Elephants and other Regiments behind, routed the whole battel and caulcd 
 them to fly before the enemy who fo hotly charged them. Things were managed with the fame 
 fucceffe in the other place , for Hannibdl , iffuing out to fight , was beaten back with the great- Zomris 
 er lofle, and forced into the City again. The Carthaginian Camp was taken , tiirce Elephants D/oicri Edo^. 
 wounded, thirty fliin, eleven came alive into the Romans hands ; The men had the lame for- ^'■^ 
 tunc, for of fo great an Army very few efcaped with their General to Heraelea, they who p^; j7'^' ^ 
 were (hut up in the City , feeing no way or means of fafety left them, were aflliftcd with very zonjns 
 great terror and defpair : When Hannibul following the bcfl counfel his ill fortune had left him, 
 obferving that the Romans, what with wearineflc of their late fight, and Joy of their Vidory, Peybim 
 Jiept not their guards fo ftrickt as heretofore , about the third watch of the night went out of 
 the Town with his Merceg^ries,' and having croffed the Trenches filled up with boats fluffed with 
 
 G i ftraw'
 
 11 
 
 The Supplement of Li vie. Book V I. 
 
 Zonirds 
 
 Folybiiii 
 'DiQiiorus 
 
 Orofiui 
 
 Piodorut 
 
 Zonarts. 
 
 492 
 Euirvpiiu h. ^ 
 
 Zomras 
 Polybiut 
 
 Ffontinuj fttst. 
 
 Zoniras. 
 Frontinus 
 
 Dioderus 
 
 Fronttnus 
 
 Frontinus tie 
 
 Zomns. 
 cicerodcOfBc. 
 
 Cornel. N<ps 
 Amiktrc.i. 
 
 Polybius i.io 
 Zomrji 
 
 Polfbm. 
 
 ftraw C which he had beforehand prepared for this purpofe) he was a good way on his journey 
 before the Romans, at break of day perceiving what was in hand, furprifed part of the hind- 
 moft Troops ; H lumbal with the reft betooK himfelf into places of iecurity. The Agrigcn- 
 tines feeing themfelvesforfakcn by the Carthaginians, either out of anger, ortoeurry favour 
 with the Conqueror, fiew many of thofe who remained in the City. The Tow.nwas not there- 
 fore faved from deftrudion^ above five and twenty thoufand Free-men were fold into 
 flavery. 
 
 In this manner was Aq^rigeyitHm taken, in the fcventh moneth after it had been firft beficged , 
 to thc.great profit and glory of the Romans, but with the expcnce of much blood, for of the 
 Conful's Army and his Auxiliaries, there periflied by feveraf means above thirty thoufand du- 
 ring this fiege; for which caufe , and by reafon winter now approaching,nothing of moment 
 could be undertaken, they returned to Mejfana. Thefe Commanders going to Rome in hope 
 of Triumph, the next year L. FalertHs, CM.F. M.N. FUcchs, and T. Otacilius, c.F. M.N. 
 Crajfus being made Confuls went into Sicily. The Carthaginians having fet forth a great Navy 
 as to (the plunder and wafting of Italy, thought thereby to divert the Confuls from the care of 
 Sicily, but they having fufficient guard upon the coafts to repel the invaders, did neverthelcffe 
 crofs over into Sicily, where they received many towns which yielded themfelvei^ to their pro- 
 teftion, being terrified by the late example of the Agrigentine overthrow. The Carthaginians 
 in the mean time made no refiftance, for befides their late ill fuccelTe they were vexed with the 
 fcdition of their Mercenaries, the Gi«»/j being chief in the Mutiny for want of many moneths 
 pay; for the punifliment of whom, H<««»»devifed this ftratagem, firft foothing them with fair 
 fpeeches he defircs them, Atprejtntfor a rrhi/e to he cjitiet, telling them, He Veas in certain hcfes 
 of fuddenly (urpri/iȣ a very rieh ToWn, hj the flunder "thereof the Cauls fhouldbe fujficientlj fa~ 
 tijfied, hothjor thetr pay, as alfo for the forbearance of it. Having by this means at prefent ap- 
 peafed them, and moreover received thanks, he takes a convenient time to treat with his Trca- 
 furer, (who was moft faithful to him) That hervottld, as a Ritnegado, flie over to Ot&cWlas the 
 (^onful, under pretence of having perverted his Accounts, and inform him. That next night he 
 might ctrcumvent four thoufand Gauls, jvht would come to Entellia to take it with the help of 
 feme Traitors within. 
 
 The Conful though he gave not much Credit to a Runegado , yet thinking it a bufineffe not 
 to be negleded, did fend a Choice Brigade of fouldiers upon the defign •, the Gaules came accord- 
 ingly as they had been deceived by Hanno , and the Romans fuddenly arifing out of ambulh to 
 receive them, there was between them a very fierce and cruel fight, wherein every one of the 
 Gaules were nain,and becaufe they died not unrevenged,H(j««» was doubly pleafcJ, both that be 
 was rid of his infolent Mutineers, and that he had cunningly punifhed them to the no little lofs of 
 the enemy. At Rome , in the mean time , Minucius the Praetor propounded in the Senate, the 
 bringing of the water of the River Anien to theCitiC; which work M. Curias the Cenfouc 
 had defigned out of the enemies fpoiles , but feveral impediments arifing , the bufinefs for 
 nine years deferred , was now again confulted aho"' * «"iJ two men appointed as fupcrvifours , 
 Curins and Fu/fi»^ rUcLtts; but c»«w dying within five dayes, the Glory of finifhing the 
 work was attributed to Fulvius alone. About the fame time Hamilcar came from Carthage 
 into Sicilie as fucceffour to Haano. For the Carthaginians , when Hanno returned after his 
 overthrow , received him with Ignominy , fined him in his fix thoufand pieces of Gold and re- 
 moved him from his Government. Some Authors being deceived by the likenefs of Names , 
 have delivered , that this Amilcar was Father of Hannibal who managed the fecond Punick 
 War againft the Romans; but not rightly, for H^wi/c^*- the Father of /:?<«»»»^<j/ came into 
 Sicilte with command , being but a young man , at the latter end of this War , but his greaC 
 fame prevailed , that theafts of another Icfle known Amilcar were afcribed to Amilcar Barcas 
 the mod Noble and Egregious of that Name. Hamilcar therefore the fucceflbur of Hanno fee- 
 ing the Romans farftronger then himfelf in their land army, durft not a/Tault any In Land 
 Cities , nor defcend out of the Mountaincs and difficult places into the Campagne : but havl 
 ing a ftrong Navy whereby he was donbtlefs Matter of the feas, made diligent ufe of thofe 
 his Forces, and, having fent H<»«»»^<»/againe to plunder the Coafts of Italy , himfelf failing 
 about the Sicilian (hore , eafily recovered many Port Townes which had joyned themfelves with 
 the Romans. Whereby it came to paffe, that the Romans eafily taking and defending the In- 
 land places , the Carthaginians the Maritime , • the Fcare and hopes were on both fides very 
 equal , and it was hard to Judge to which of thefe two Nations the Vidory of the whole War 
 would enclinc. 
 
 BOOK
 
 In place of L i vk's Se venteenth 'Bgo{. 
 
 53 
 
 BOOK VII 
 
 ^^ formn. fT^l ^^' ""^^« «^°"^PJ^'n ^'^her of cheir own courage or 
 
 ^TL'a ? 7 ^''' /"^^" .n every battel, both over Carthag.- 
 manv r 1 r^' ''f °a '' '^''"f 'l^^ '^"'''^ ^"^«""^" = They had taken 
 Sr h.S r ^'^T' '"'^ ^:^''' -"P^" Articles fubmit\ed them- 
 lelves, but as long as they waged war ,n an Ifland, they could not at 
 
 SthS^'n P.'^«*!"«"^"d recruits when need required. And the 
 ?ure dd '"?'"'''? ^'f'* unexpefted arnvai be:ng themfelves fe- 
 likewife wafted the coZofltTl'^,^^^^^^ S,cUianGtiesupo'nthe(hore.but 
 
 their d,fgrace., whereas the ^ffnca'n ^ was lea^^^^^^^^^ and likewife to Tcljim. 
 
 Senate therefore and people of Rome dmJn^w .^rnlrrno f . T ^ ^"'"^'^ '"^^''«"- ^hc 
 pare a Meet, and fight ti Carthaginians'not onTi^'K^K^n^.To'^^eV llf/f '''^ l^ fT 
 tr^' their fortune at fea alfo. This was the very firft fenous thounht tL TZl \ a"^ ' ''"'^- ^** 
 fei affairs, wh,ch they accomphfhed with as .Ih Gorge andlo'Fotn"asfh; 
 ceived .t with Wifdom and Refolution : Infomuch as the Em oire of rh. ,Jh^f ' u^ C *^°^: 
 be iudged due to the Romans, who being w.lhng bj fS to\nCnferf pet^rft skS "n^fe 
 affairs, wanted neither Boldneffe to attempt it, nor Diligence to manaS.VnTrr^^^a^^ r 
 feftually tc, perform it. For the Romans tS^that day be.nf ^ut^eW; Jor 'nt of fS atS^^ 
 there was not a man amongft them who ever had feen one: neitlierLKnTone Ma„ of War of 
 their own, or any Carpenter who knew how to bu:ld one vet havinn with Jr!!^ Ia 
 dertaken the dclign they did in a very fhort time bothleW^to f K L-e o'fiS^^^^^ 
 vercamethofe people who for many ages had had experience in fea affairs ^ 
 
 The care of building the fliips was committed to C«.Or«./.«/£.ir. ^ iV Scivio^n^a ^ 
 and C.DmhHs, who had newly entred the ConfulOiip. They had one Carthatinirnlinn'f 0''/^'«- 
 hve Oars , which Claudius took with his foot army ^ t whutime he was t.dS ro^?f? 437 
 over into Sicil, ) while in heat of fight it came too near thrfhore nH L?„V ^ / ^ ? ^''^•^*''" 
 fands in a (hallow place. JheConfuLrdered tKhTNa?;^ 'bSard^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^""^^-^^ 
 and fo diligently profecuted the work . that in threefcore days after the timbew felled hev Sf " ''■'' 
 had threefcore (hips Randing at Anchor. But the Confuls haftned their expedi^o^nolefsb; tS ^ *"' 
 wit then by their Induftry, For. ( being neither willing to haza;d to fig^^S 
 ful at the oar , nor yet to (tre.ghten the time allotted them for aftion in Snmg an and exe 
 cifingmcnon purpofe) they contrived a device, which though it may at firlt S feem nd^t 
 lous yet in the ufe and event proved exceeding Commendable, Th.t whiS(hTtiwe« 
 m budding, their Men fhould ht on (hore and there be taught th ir office iTow to Rowe^ For 
 being placed in the fame order as they were toobferve inrhe(hips, and a Swaine £ins (et 
 
 By this exercifing themfelves in fancy onely they were fo improved that when the (hitK 
 were ready, after a few da.cs real paines- taking, tL Confuls were w'lli^g to tru^^^^^^^^ 
 
 and 
 
 vnts
 
 H 
 
 The Supplement of hivie, BookVH^ 
 
 Zontris. 
 
 dvttyf 
 
 VijieKfit. 
 Zontris 
 
 SltTUS 
 
 Orofus 4 7 
 
 17 
 
 Poljb. 
 
 Florus.i.i. 
 
 Vitrus: 
 Fo'yb. 
 
 frontimu 
 Sinti.x.i, 
 
 Pol/b. 
 
 l^il.Miximus 
 
 and the fafcty of all their Legions to their care. When lots were caft for the Provinces.the Land 
 Army fell to C. D«t/»»J- , the Fleet x.oC». Cornelius -^ who, taking along with him feventeen 
 (hips, faled before hand to (-J^effat.a, to make preparation for the coming of the Fleet, which 
 he ordered fuddenly to follow him: but before it came, he fell into the hands of theErcmy, 
 which came to parte by the cuanng of Hoodes, HatiMthall's Vice- Admiral!, and his own Creduli- 
 ty^ giving credit to fomeLiparseans. who were fuborned by the Enemy, to put him in hopes of 
 taking the City of Llpara by Treachery. There being circumvented by the Carthaginian 
 {hips, he neverthelefs rcfolved to encounter them, and feek his fafety by fighting: but that 
 Boedes by another fraud , trained him and his Colonells into his own fliip , under pretence of 
 Treating on Conditions of Peace. They were no fooner come but claptup inchaines, theo- 
 thers being hereby terrified did without blowes yield themfelves up^ Boodes gaining all the 
 Veflels, fent the Prifoners to c^rthuge. Soon after the Carthaginian Commander committed 
 the like fault to his greater ftiame, in that the frefti example of the Conlul's incogitancy did 
 not learn him to be more circumfpeft. He had underftood that the Roman Navy failing By 
 the Italian fliore, was putting forth to fea, and that they could not now be farre off. Deliring 
 therefore , as neer as might be, to obferve it , that he might occurately know the number of 
 their (hips, their fwiftnefs, and in what fa(hion and plight their new made Veflels were in, he 
 failed forward with fifty (hips , not forefeeing any danger, his (hips being confufedly mixed 
 without any order, as when they ride in Harbour or any fafe place : At the turning therefore 
 of a certain Promontory, fuddenly falling into the Roman Fleet, which came prepared and fail- 
 ing in good order i he was vanqui(hed before he could prepare himfelf to fight, and having 
 loft the greater part of his Navy, himfelf likewife being in great Danger, he very hardly efca- 
 ped with the reft. The Vidorious Navy, underftanding Ccr-«f/»«/ bis mifhap, fenc MefTen- 
 gcrs to C.Duilius to give him/ioticeof their approach, and prepared themfelves for tight, 
 having intelligence that the other Carthaginian (hips were not farre off. There while they de- 
 ligently confidered the inconvenience of their own Veffells , that they were 'rudely made , and 
 farre inferiour to the Carthaginians in fwiftnefs, it came into the mind of a certain ingenuous 
 man to invent an Engine, whereby to lay hold and keepfaft the Enemies (hips^ which En- 
 gine they afterward called a Raver^or Crow ; the fa(hion of it was this. There was a ftraighc 
 round piece of Timber, four ulaes long, fome nine inches Diameter, having at the end there- 
 of a pully or windlafe, to which, being fixed on the forcdeck, there was fitted a bridge, fix ulnes 
 broad, and four feet long, made of plankes faftned together with iron nails. In this Engine 
 there was left along hole whereby it might be fitted to the piece of Timber, by the fpaccof 
 four ulnes , even the whole length of the Timber. The other part of the bridge or ladder , 
 which was not inferted in the Timber, being of two ulnes long, was fo faftned by hinges, that 
 it might be pulled up or let fall; to the end of the bridge was affixed a fhrong (harp piece e£ 
 iron, with a ring at it's head, whereto a rope being tied, through the pully of the limber, it- 
 might be drawn down into the Foredecke -, Then as they lifted , by the Rope they could draw 
 it up , or let it fall down, with its ih^^p pi'vc of iron laying hold on and keeping faft whatfoe- 
 ver it fell upon, in the mean time theConfultC Duiiius , committing his foot Army to the 
 Charge of his Colonells, came to the Navy , and underftanding that the Enemies fpoiled the 
 Region of Mjlaiiet, failed with his whole fleet to that (hore. 
 
 The Carthaginians were glad of this, afTuredly promifing themfelves viftory over Inland-men, 
 altogether unskilfull in fea affaires- whereby they became an example. That no Enemy what- 
 foever ought fo to be defpifed , as to caufe one to remit ordinary difcipline , and grow fecurc. 
 Hannibail the Admirall, who had conveighed his Forces out of Agrigentum, was in a Veflell of 
 feven oares on a fide, which formerly belonged to King Tjrri«/, the other (hips followed him : 
 not as to a fight, in any diftinft order, but, as every one thought fit, making haft to their defpi- 
 cable Enemy. But when approaching neerer, they faw the Engines hanging at the foredecks 
 of the Roman (hips, wondringat the novelty of thcbufinefs, they paufed awhile-, at length 
 the moft Couragious men laughing at the rude invention o/ an unskilfull Enemy, the foremoft 
 (hips with all the violence that might be flew upon them. Then the Crows being let down, into 
 what (hips foever they light, fo pierced the planks thereof that they held them faft againft their 
 wills ; The Roman fouldiers, if the (hips were faftned fide to fide, did on every part leap in 
 and affault the Enemy ; if they were joyned onely in the foredecks, they went two by two over 
 the bridge annexed to the timber, with fo much the more facility , becaufeon each fide of the 
 bridge a little fence knee high, made their pafTage fafer, and their footing more fecure : They 
 who went foremoft, holding their bucklers before, defended their faces from the Enemies darts, 
 thofc who followed held their (hields down to the little fence , fo guarding their fides, and en- 
 tring the Enemies (hips ; fo that the fight was not performed with the Beakes of (hips, but with 
 fwords and hsnds, Ike to a fet Battell j The Romans therefore excelling in ftrength and. Cou- 
 rage, had an eafy viftory over men lightly armed, and trufting more in the nimblenefsof their 
 (hips, then in their hands; They quickly forced thirty Carthaginian (hips, among which the 
 Admiralls frigot was taken, but Hunnibalt leaping out of his (hip, when it was now taken, into 
 a Cock-boat efcaped Captivity , and fending a trufty friend in poft-hafte to Carthage , tp pre- 
 vent the News of his Overthrow , did thereby cunningly decline that Capitall punifhment 
 
 which othcrwife had attended him. 
 
 His friend cntring the Senate, as if all things had been 
 
 well,.
 
 In place of Livie's Seventeenth ^ook^ 5^ 
 
 well* aiked their Advice , whether thejt thought tt fit that the Roman Nmvj Jhould be fought 
 
 witht/i ? and every one unannimoufly agreeing , That there was no fcruple to he madi^ and that 
 
 thi bufine[t fhould not be deferred •, he told them , 'Tis alreadj dene , andrre are beaten ; where- Zcntrts 
 
 upon, nobody daring to accufe the FadJ, whereof every one in his own Perfon would have ^ a j • > 
 
 been Author, H<«»i«f^<i// cfcaped the fentcnccof Death, but was deprived of his Admirallfhip. ;/"/', ,V" 
 
 The reft of the Carthaginian fliips, (for the greater part was left) after the Flight of the Zcn^rat 
 
 Admirall, were very much troubled and doubtful in Counfell what to do ; they were afhamed to 
 
 fly having received no harm, the Enemy not fo much as prefling upon them • on the other fide 
 
 tofet upon the Roman (hips they were afraid, by reafon of their Engines ^ At length failing 
 
 round about, and rinding on every tide the foredecksof the (hipsoppofed againft them, with 
 
 tbofc formidable Engines, having ufed ail the art they could, they dcfpairing of the vidory went 
 
 their way. 
 
 •Tis reported that fourteen Carthaginian (hips were funk in that fight, one and thirty taken , £„„«,•„ t. j. 
 with feven thoufand men, three thoufand having been flain. With this fuccefs did C. Dmlius orofius./^.y. 
 fig^twith the Carthaginians necr the ^jfrfr^^wy/ziw^^/, where the Romans got much prey, but F/crw i. ». 
 much more ample Glory and Renoun. TheConfull taking charge again of hit Land Army, '^''''■'f*'- 
 Marched to Se^efta, and delivered it from danger, it having been brought even torheucmoft ^'ho'*"- J 
 extremity by the Carthaginians -. after that he took A/rffW/w by Oorme, H.,»w«/frfrnever daring 
 10 encounter with him: and fo having confirmed the mindesof the Aflbciate Cities Sunmer 
 being part, he returned to Rome : After his departure the Carthaginian affaires beg^in apam to 
 profpcr. For firft the Romans after fevcn moneths continuance were fain to raife their liege of ^j- f 
 MhtiflratHs , having loft many men before it. When afterward a DifTenfion arefe between EeUg I'jJ 
 the Romans and their Auxiliaries, and that the Affociates encamped thcmfcJves apart between 'Feijbiiu. 
 FarofMi and Therma : Hamilcar thought fit to make ufeof this their madnefs , and falling on j)^^i„n, 
 them unawares flew four thoufand of them : and it wanted little but that the whole Roman 
 Army had likewife been involved in the fame overthrow. 
 
 Then again many Towneswere taken by Hanniba/i , fome by force, fomc by Treacher}': 
 which though it was no good newes at Rome, yet the lofs was counted fmall in relpeA of their 
 Navall Viftory. For the Roman courage having already approved it felf invincible by 
 Land , they had great caufe to rejoyce, that by this Fight they had gained reputation o( Eutrtpm b. i. 
 flrengch by fea alfo. Whereupon wonderfully encouraging themlelvesas to the whole Warre, 
 they judged the Author of this their New Glory worthy alfo of new Honour ^ Duitius there- . 
 fore was the Firft who ever made a Navall Triumph, which was on the Intercalary Calends ^j^J^ ■^^^' . 
 over the Sicilians and the Carthaginian Navy. They likewife bore with him, when, not con- cLv»c*t» 
 tent with this Honour, he did without all precedent afTume another tohimfelfe, that return- « «}. 
 ing from (upper, a light Torch was carried before him while the Minftrells Sang; A Beaked t'vK.E^/i. 
 Pillar likewife was by decree of the Senate ere<fted in the Market-place, of white Tarian Mar- _,. . "' 
 ble. which is yet to be feen ("but msny of the Letters worn out with Age) conteining the sditttnb'* 
 Number of (hips taken and drowned, the Summ ai.a w«;ahf of the Money taken 1 here Pt^JiU Mn'tlii 
 were taken of Gold three thoufand feven hundred pieces, of filver above an liundred thoufand, 
 of heavy Brafs feven fcore hundrrd thoufand pounds. The Triumph bemg accomplifhed, 
 j>«»7««/ called anAlTembly, wherein L Cornelius, Ljo. Cn. N. Sctpio ind C, /i^kHius Af. ^9i' 
 F.C.N, were chofen Confulls The Senate ordered their Provinces to be .$'»f<77,and the 
 Navy. The Admirall had permifHon, if he thought it for the Publick good, to touch upon 
 SardmiiZndCorfica. This Charge happening to Z-. Cor^jf/iw/ , having prepared hiiftiipshc 
 failed away. 
 
 This was the firft Roman expedition into Sardinia znd Corfica-^ the Iflands are fo nearad- 
 joyning that they feem but one and the fame , yet much unlike, as in the temper of the Air and 
 Soil, fointheDifpofitionsof the inhabitants J^r^/j'^M as bearing the fhape of a mans foot- Sthf.Hift.i.t 
 ing," was by the Ancients called /f/feww/^ and i'4'»<^jAcf«/, afterwards 'tis faid, That Sirdus the i'|'«. j.7. 
 fon of Hercules of Lybia much frequenting the Ifland , gave it the namt it 1* now k^toxvn bj. Old *','"^" ^'^ *' 
 Fables affirm th It the Grecians came into thofe places with Arifleu, and after the Trojan war p^r^ ''l^"" 
 the Trojans. For extent of ground and fruitfulnefs of loil, it yieldeth not much to the biggeft e/£/an apud* 
 andbeft Ifljndsof thofefeas. It breeds excellent cattel, very fruitful it is of the beft Corn, Hift. Anim. 
 rich in Metals, cfpccially Silver. Buttheairis not fowholfomc, infomuch as forreign Nations •6.}4. 
 commended not fo much its Fertility as they difpraifed its Pcftilent air j for in Summer it itfckly , 1*/^!"^'^! j" 
 cfpccially in the moft fruitful places. Ic produceth likewife an Herb, much like the Bee flowir , s'trib.\ih.^y^ 
 of very violent Poyfon, being eaten it diftrafteth the mind, and forcibly attrafting the Nerves i>/ime 10.11. 
 diftorteth the lipi as in laughter: the juice of it is mortal', '"'"'Icfs after vomiting you drink Miuhiol.ia 
 gaod Itore of milk and honyed water : the prefent force of thedifeafe i« fo remedied , the ''"/'»''• *'»4- 
 other incommodities thereof aie cured by the fame means as other Convulfions of the 
 Nerves. 
 
 Likewifethcrcisa very little creature called So/pMga, a kind of Pifmire, which is deadly to 
 thofe who unawares fit upon It, it is fo much the more dangerous, bccaufe hardly to be feen or ^^^,„„^ 
 taken notice of by thofe who are ignorant of its nature. The Sardinians being a Nation mixed Fiin.i^.^. 
 of divers forts of Barbaridns, when they are left to their own liberty,chufe rather to live by rob Luan j. gjy. 
 bery and plunder ,thea by husbandry : They arc armed with a Target and (hort Sword, their ^"''l"- 
 
 Breft-
 
 16 
 
 The Supplement of Livie, Book VII. 
 
 Q/Eiuniis 
 Qliuiiin de 
 bcl. aiiitticD 
 B.ufiitb.m 
 "Dion. TSf/ny- 
 Sdttji.\i\A.i.i 
 Stribo 
 
 Vlinie 16.16 
 
 lycus spad 
 jiihentnm b. i 
 Mtriiin. 
 dpi U 
 
 Seneci Co^f. id 
 HdvUmc.S 
 
 ArijlciUe 
 Tay. 
 
 trien. ad Vlor. 
 Ztmns, 
 
 Viodori Eclog. 
 
 Zomru 
 
 Onfiiii^.7 
 
 Breft-plates they few together the out skins of their Rams, which they call Mufmones, bearing 
 not wooll as others, but in ftead thereof hair like Goats. Their chiefeft City is (^aralis^ look • 
 ing towards Africa and from thence built, with a very fair Haven. Corfica is not to be compa- 
 red with Sardinia cither for largencfs of Tcrritorie, or for Riches, yet is thought to be the third 
 in bignefs of all thofe Idands ^ The inhabitants derive the name firom one Corfa a woman, out 
 of whofe Heard a Bull crofled over into this Ifland from Liguria • the Greeks called it Cjrnus. 
 It is Mountainous and Rugged , inmany places almoft impafliblcy and the people like to the 
 earth are very rough, without ordinary civility, as untraftable ;uthewild beafts. When they 
 are taken prifoners they hardly grow gentle, but either out of impatience of labour and fervi- 
 tude kill themfelves, or by their contumacy and ftubbornnefle are troublefcme to their ma- 
 fters. 
 
 The Ifland is plentiful in Honey, but it is of a bitter taft, much like the flower of Box, which 
 tree in great number groweth there :, yet it is very wholfomc, and many think your Corficans 
 to be therefore long-lived, becaufe they ordinarily ufe that Honey. Their Towns are not very 
 great nor very populous, yet there is above thirty of them, the principal whereof are AltriA % 
 Colony of the Phocaians, and Nicta of the Etrurians. The Air is here very troublefome, and 
 therefore the feas rough. The Carthaginians therefore had long wars with thefc nations, and 
 obtained the dominion of both Iflands, except places inaccefliblc. But becaufe wild and rude 
 men were eafier to be vanquilhed then tamed , they bethought themfelves of many means 
 whereby to keep them under, they likewife corrupted all the fruits of the Ifland , and un- 
 der pain of death prohibited fthc Natives tofow or plant any fuch thing, that they might be 
 forced to fetch all neceffaries from Africa , till at length grown fomewhat more gentle they 
 learned with patience to bear the yoke. 
 
 To thefe Iflands at this time did Cn. Cornelim ftear his courfe, and firft in Corfica ftormed 
 the City Aleria, after which without much labour or danger he took the reft. From thence as 
 he failed towards Sardinia, he met the enemies Fleet, which he prefentlyput to flight before 
 they came to grapple. After this he went to Olhia^ whcrefeeing many Carthaginian fliips 
 in the Haven, and thinking himfelf not ftrong enough in foot to florm a City fo well fcituate , 
 and defended by agreatmultitude, for the prefent he omitted the bufinefs, and failed home for a 
 recruit of men. 
 
 About the fame time a fervilc Commotion , in the Citic , which was in the beginning happily 
 fupprefTed , did both afflift the Commonwealth with great fear , and likewife fecurc it. Many 
 out of the new conquered Nations-, were prefTed for feafervice, whcreofthere were then fouc 
 ihoufand in Rome , moft of them Samnites j thefe men abhorring the fea , did fecretly berooane 
 their own Condition and fo far exafperated oneanother that'thcy were refolved to burn the Citie 
 and plunder it : They had already drawn in above three thoufand accomplices into the confpi- 
 racy, which daily gathered more ftrength, vihtn Erius Potcliut y Commander of the Auxili- 
 aries , did by his wifdom prevent all danger. For lie feigning himfelf engaged in the fame fafti- 
 on, wasma<le privieco all ttieir Contrivances, he was acquainted with the number of them, nay, 
 with the nation , and name of every particular perfon in the confpiracy ; he knew the place 
 and the time where and when they intended to aft any thing. He now wanted nothing to the ac- 
 complifhment of his own private defign , but onely to difcover theirs to the Senate , but thithet 
 he could not find no opportunitie of going, becaufe the Samnites would never fuffer him to 
 walk alone; at length having devifed this trick, he petfwadeth them , That when the Sendta 
 Hixt metythej Jhouldcomt tj bands into the market- f lace ^and complain that they were cheated in the 
 Meafure cf thtir Corn , that then thej /houlJl h^ive occajion offered of executing thtir Purpefe , 
 cr at Uafi under fiand of what mind andopinitn the Fathers will he in upon fuch fuddtn motions and 
 fiirs. And to gaine the more Credit in the bufinefs , he went along with them , roanifefting 
 himfelfnotony a Companion in the Tumult, but the Author and Ringleader of it. Where- 
 upon being called into the Senate he difcovered to them the danger of the fecret Plot andcaufe 
 of his owndiflimulation. The Fathers , taking no notice of what they knew , fent MefTengers 
 with good words to pacific the Rout, and command them home, afTuring them with all. 
 That the Stnate vtould take order for Redrejfe of their Grievance , and that every »ne fhoulden]oj 
 his Right. The Confpiratours , thinking their Defignes was ftill kept dofe , went their way : 
 The night following every Mafter bound his fervants, whom according t© Po^y/iw/ his Infor- 
 mation , he knew guilty of the treafon , the Samnites alfo were moft of them feized upon in 
 therr Quarters. Either the care cf this or fome other bufinefs, or ficknefTe was an hindrance 
 to C- Florus , that he did not goe into Sicily fo foon as ordinary , whereby Hamilcar after 
 his laft Viftorie had time much to encreafe the Carthaginian Power there. For having taken 
 Camarina and Enna by Treachery , he fortified Drepanus , where was a very fair Haven , and 
 enlarged it in forme of a Town, bringing the Erycines thither to Dwell , whofe Citie, left it 
 ftiould be fervicable to the Romans he totally demoliflied, excepting the Temple of fV»«/. 
 After this he reduced many other places under his power either by deceit or by farce , and was 
 in a likelyhood of conquering all Sicilie , but that Florus , for this reafoi^rnot daring in 
 winter to forfake the Iland , tarried to oppofe him. The other Conful had an Eafier Taske witfi 
 the Sardinians and Carthaginians at Oliia; whether being returned with encreafe of ftrength, 
 he found H4»»o there, who after the removal of Hannibal was made Admiral. The battel wax- 
 ing
 
 In place of hivk's Seventeenth ^ool'. ^-r 
 
 — ^ -'- . ^ > / 
 
 ing vehemently hot, Hat»» couragioiidy fighting, feeing his jwn party worfted , ruflied in 
 to the thicket of the" Enemies and was there flair.e: After ^hich the Town yielded itfclf. 
 The Conful much graced the fame of hisViftory by his fingulr humanity toward the Enemie' 
 For he took care to have the Body of Hanno to be conveig' .-d out of his Cabbin to Burial -/ 
 and midealarge Funeral for him, laying afide hatred after )eath , and rightly judging that ' , ''*"^' 
 virtue is to be honoured even in an enem;e. Then not fufferir^ the Terrour of his late Vidorie S'Uus b.6 
 to grow iVile and be forgotten , he took many other Cities o^SarainU , furthering liis Courage ' 
 withCounfclls and ftratageni?. For he ufedinthe night tire to land fome choice bands not '*'''"""•'" 
 far off thofe townes he meant to aHault, who convenienthplacing themfclves in Ambuftilav '■^^*"'*' 
 quiet , 1 11 tie Conful coming to the walls and giving an Al-um , had under pretence of Flight 
 drawn the Townfmen a good way out of their works , thenhcy in Ambufli haftily anfeing took 
 the Citie void of Defendants : By this wile he obtaine many places, and fo profecutcd his 
 Atcheivements, that the Carthaginian armies had no abid'g place either in .S"W««m or Cor/7£'</. 
 For which caufc , at his Return , there was no doubt mar, but a moft ample Triumph decreed' ^'""""^ *"^ 
 him , which he made over the Carthaginians . Sardi^ and Corfica the fifttt of the Ides of 
 MxTch ^ having brought great Itorc of plunder out of tfcfelflands and many thoufandsofCap- ^''^'C''^"*'' 
 tives. Y,ViX.\n SicUj C. F lorui befieged (J1^r»y?r<«f«/ which was attempted in vain neither eon^t^?'*'"* 
 could it be gained till the new Conful zA.AtiUus A.F. .N. came thitherj For to him was allot- "Diodorut 
 ted Sicily for his Province,the Navy was committed fhis Colleague C. Sulpitius ^. F. Q j^. 495. 
 Fatercuius. They undcrftanding that T-Jworwwj was i^ Carthaginians winter Quarter march- ^''/^w 1.24. 
 cd thither with all their Forces, and, ordering tl' Men,prcfcntcd Battel to the Enemie, but 
 no man coming out againft them, they went thcpto Htppana , which Citie in their lorney 
 they ftormed and prelentlymalkred. Thence /■f/i'-' niarched to Mjtiftratus , which being 
 ftoutly defended , at length the Garrifon fouldic, being wearied with the cries'andLamenta- ^o"-"*^ 
 tions of women and Children , forl'ook it. T' Carthaginians went out in the nirht time ■ 
 at break of day the Townfmcji opened the Gate Buc the Romans bearing too much in mind 
 the 1 nco Timodicies chey had endured in the (lege ^""^of , flew every one they met without de- 
 ftindion of age or fcx , till A. Atilius the Co^' caufed proclamation to be made , That both 
 Flunitr and Frifonrrs Jhould yehng to thofe rvk^'k them. Then at length Covctoufnefs over- 
 came Cruelty , and the reft of the Citizens we-^v^'' and made Captive : The Citie was plun- 
 dered and demoli(bed. The Army being tK^ '^^ towards Carnarina , fell into very great Diodonts 
 diinger, for want of knowledg in the Coun»- For the Carthaginian General meeting them ^o"*^*' 
 had rirlt poffefled the higher places , and -^ were belieged the Romans rafhly cntred into a 
 difadvantagous vallie, every one thought 'V 'sw before their Eyes the very pidure of the '*^'""" J-^- 
 Caudme overthrow ^ but the wifdom ar Valour of CM. C»lpurnius Flammai Colonell in ^"'^"'"^ ^w- 
 the army , in their utmoft point of difr cdid releivc them. For he following the Example Liluitit .r 
 of P.Decius, who being a Colonell in '"•"«"» had done the like, taking three hundred ' 
 
 fouldiers along with him , wentup to popaccrtame Hillock, not out of hopetoefcape bat 
 both he and his louldiers being animated -h the Love of honour, and ddire of faving the whole 
 army ^ ' fis laid when he had brought pTi thither, he thus fpake unto them. Let us diejenorp 
 Souldiers,*nd by vur diuth deliver the I^^' '■'''''' ^'^*"'^^'ptg>^- And fo it came to pafTe for 
 while the enemy converted themfelves v>lly upon thefe men, they being refulved to die, did fo 
 lo ;g maintain a (harp right w.th the g>:er number, that the Conlul had time to explicate him- 
 felf out of that unhappy place. The'^'^^gini-jas having Ham thofe who did indeed on pur- 
 pofe offer up themfelves (patting noP^ '" ^bcir amburti which was now difcoveied;dcparted. 
 Ihc fortune of C4/;';<)-»(M/ was next 'Miracle, for he bein^ found among the heaps of his 
 own and the enemic> dead bodies, w^e only man had breath left in him • and being carryed OnfiMA S 
 away and diligently fomented ( ani3 r"any wounds having not one mortal) he recovered, 
 and afterward did great and faithful vice to the Commonwealth, and proved of great terror 
 lo the enemy. If he had among tMrecians performed fuch a deed of Valor, they would not jf",'*'"' ''* ""'* 
 Iiave known how to have bcftowedwards, or have decreed Monuments enough to his Honor : M* ctto^ a 
 But being a Roman all the reward fuch an exploit was a Garland made ot Grafs, nay, they ^gtUium. ^" 
 were fo negligent in the memory tbe very Fad, that the name of this valiant man is Icarcely ''''"" ^*-^- 
 known: Moft Authors call him'^f""''»"<'.biit ^^- Cato calls him J^Cxditius-, CUudim ^'""''"*^- 
 ^'<«Jr/^4»-i;M gives him the nan^f^*^^''"*^- But the Conful being freed from thofe ftraits ^ .>• 
 he was in, madehiserror an a.T'^ncof ftiaoie, and his dinger of watchfijinefs and circum- ^' ""' 
 fpedion. Tfereforc with the f«ter courage and care he proceeds to the affault of the City , 
 and being not able to prevail ajift 't without Engines of battery, he borrowed fome of Hiero. 
 With them he brake down the'll''. and reduced ^'«iiridn«<« into his power, the Citizens for^- 1 
 the moft part he fold for flave' Thence he marched to £w«^^and had that by treachery delivc- p'oijb^ , , 
 red to him -, the Garnfon foi'cs were part of them llain by the Romans after they were en- Diodorus. '*^' 
 tred, the relt fled away and H>o'' themfelves to places poffeflcd by their own party. Sittantf 
 was obt;uned not by craft bi-o"''age, the defendants being driven back and the City ftormed. p; ^ 
 Some fm-^iler Towns in that « of j"(c/ir made no delay, but forthwith fent meffengers with plij'bi,!,', 
 promifeoffubmiflion. T'Con'ol placing Garrifons in all places convenient, marched into Zobjw, 
 the Airiftntinc Territori and by treachery had the Caftic Camicnt delivered to him. Di"i»rui. 
 
 H Where- ^"'^"^•^^'
 
 6o 
 
 The Supplement of Livie, Book VII. 
 
 polybius 
 
 Ztntrtt 
 
 Orofius 
 
 Folfb. 
 
 Zontrit 
 
 Whereupon the Garrifon of 'Erhjfus being diftieartencd, forfook the Town. So Erhfut 
 came again into the Romans hinds. TheConfull Encouraged with thisfuccefs, and thinking 
 that many of the Lipar^ans favoured him, advanced with his Army to their City; Buc 
 there he had hoc the like Fortipe. For Hamilcar having intelligence of the Romans De- 
 fisn privately entered Z,>f<aM . tnddiligently expeftcd the timeof Adion. The Romans be- 
 in^ ignorant of thisjboldly and utiwarily coming up to the walls, were byafudden faliy of the 
 Carthaginians beaten back. Maty were wounded in that Conflid, and no fmall number flain. 
 In the mean time C- Sulfkius thConful had many encounters with the Enemy in Surdiniay 
 and all profperous. And his miri was fo creAed , that he made bold to fail toward tA- 
 
 The Carthaginians by no meanesenduring any fach Attempt , once more made HannibaS. 
 Admirall who fince his flight out A A'»c»7> had continued siCarthage, along with him they 
 fent their bcfl: Sea Cotrmanders, w^ Order, To chafe the Enemej Navy from their Cuk- 
 try-Jhere. He puts to Sea with a refoition to fight, buc a Tempeft prevented the Encounter, 
 which being very violent on both Nyies, drove them againft their wills into more calmc 
 places: Both A<imtralls fortuned imsardini^n Ports. There lying at Anchor ^ Suipidus 
 to draw the Carthaginians out to fea ,fuborned fonie, under pretence of Runnagates, to 
 perfwade Han?tihafl , 'hat the Romdus ere again failing tt Africa. He being deluded by 
 this Craft fuddenly fetting failc , befo he was aware , met with the Confull who in a 
 convenient' place waited for him : Mai Carthaginian fhips were funk , before they knew 
 what they were about , the Conful's ftripem being much favoured by a Mift opportunely 
 ani^no ; At length underftanding what w&hc matter , the other {hips went fome back into 
 the Haven , others drove themfeUes on We , where the men landing themfclves, moft of 
 the Veffcls were taken empty ; Hmnibali\{<fz\x\r.g to recover the Port , betook himfelf to 
 Sulci where, in afedition, being appreh^ed by the Carthaginians , who had fled out of 
 the fame fight^hewas by them Crucified , flng , that ku Feilj and Rafhyieh was the caufe 
 of their OverthroVf. But thisVidory of th^omans was an occafion of fome lofs to them 
 *^* afterwards. For being freed from fear of clCarthaginian Navy .while they boldly and fe- 
 curely wafted the Grounds,they were fuddenly .jted by an unexpedcd incurfion of Sardinians 
 and Carthaginians , one Har.no being Commagr^ C.Duthus was this year Cenfour, and 
 built the Temple of fanus in the Hf '^^-Marke. After this two Trium.phs were made , the 
 ^^" one of C. Ae^uilius Flerut Pro conful over thcarchagtnians , the fourth of the Nones of 
 Oftober' the other of C.^«/p/c«w/ the Confull ^.^ the Carthaginians and Sardinians, the 
 thirdof the Nones. WhcnC. AtiUtts (.M.F. \N.Regulus , and Cn. Cornelius, L.F. 
 Cn. N. Blafio again were ConfuUs, the Senate ordetsacrifices to be made for avoiding the O- 
 men of fome Prodigies. In the Jlhane Mount, &ni^hct places, and in the City it felfe many 
 flones fell as Haile • 'Twas thought fit to Solemnizd^ Latine Feftivall,ind in order to that, 
 a Didatour was created , ^ Ogt*lnit*s , L. F. A. GalUs. The Mafter of Horfe was 
 M Littorins M.F. M. N.Tlanciar.Hs , C. /^r»/'»^,he Admirall having failed to TyrJ.ri. 
 des '\a Sicily , when he efpied the Carthaginian Navyflfmg by, out of order , fuddenly refol- 
 ved to fet up'on it ; And commanding the other (hips follow, haftily fets forward with ten , 
 which were Ready , and with all fpeed both of fail antgre endeavours to overtake the Car- 
 thaginians . ftiU before bim. Hamilcar, a very confiijble Commander, was in that Fleet, 
 who feeing' but few (hips ncer him, others fcarce yet our the Haven, the greater part ftill 
 at Anchor, fleering back, circumvented tyitilius and Ifhips with his whole Navy, nineof 
 them he funk prefently , not able to maintain fight witip great a Number. The Admirals 
 Frigat being better manned, and the Mariners encouragec^ the prcfence of the Confull,brake 
 out from amongft them by main ftrength and faved it ii, Por the other Roman Veflells 
 were now come up, by whofe help the Fortune of the Wll was changed. E'ght of the 
 Carthaginian ftiips were funk , ten with all their men taki the reft fteered to the Liparaan 
 Hands. Thefe things were done at Sea. The Land Forcesye not fo qu ck at their Work , 
 having in vain aflaulted the City Lipara : But with all hoW they fpoiled the open Fields ^ 
 Or»K<-'- the fame Calamity alfo attended the Hand yWf /»'<■/, not farreW For thefe Exploits C. A- 
 tHius the Confull made a Navall Triumph over the CarthagLs. The fanne year ^. Atili- 
 ^'^K°\ifvhU us the Pro-Confull Triumphed over the Carthaginians of Sicithe fourteenth of the Calends of 
 mU.ll^" February. The Romans were then in a very joyfull ftate arfondition, being Vidours not 
 Ctium.Ctpitol. onelyat Land, but at fea alfo; And did now begin toConI\nor onely of theConqueftof 
 j",cf/yand the Neighbouring Hands, which they thought furlough their own., but of in- 
 Tading Africa alio , and bring the Tcrrour of the War to the <Jt$ of Carthagt it felfe. 
 
 folyh. 
 Ztmrti 
 
 tivie Epit. 
 Zutuni, 
 
 CapitoUni 
 
 Mag ft- 
 Ticttni 1, 
 Cipi'clin- 
 Mariiort. 
 496 
 Zomrai 
 
 fragmtnu 
 CtfiioUrn. 
 
 Po'jb. 
 
 ZontTisi 
 F<i-)bm 
 
 Zmirtt. 
 
 BOOK
 
 In place of Lfvie's Selpenteenth ^ooL 
 
 19 
 
 f ^f f f f $f f f f f f f f f ^ff iff f fill 
 
 B O O V VIII. 
 
 TtetvrardsL. Manlife^-P' P.N. commonly called Zo«|«/, did enter 
 upon the Confulfl , and L. Ctdtcius^ ^. F. S.- N. after whofc 
 death, M.AtiUu^-P- L.N.Rtgulus ^ who had been fomecimes 
 Conful, fucceedf'" h'* Office. Then onely in this year Africa^ 
 which hitherto f" ''^C" ^''ec from any miferies by an Enemy, began Co 
 bcfenfibleof av > when the Romans had made an invafion therein- 
 to, after they \ '" a R^eat Sea fight gained the Vidory over the Car- 
 thaginians flef which exploits, as they were atchieved, we ftiall in this 
 Book fct forth, and both the one and « other f rtune of that fame Regulns , and his end noC 
 fuitable to the gallantry of the man The year before when the c^r/^rfgjW^^/, C. Adhus 
 being Conful 1 , did fo ftrivc to get -* beft in a Sca-conflift , that when they had loft many 
 fliips, they firft gave over fightinf yet becaufc they had funk fome certain of the Roman 
 Veflels, they would not take them'es to have been of Icflcr reputation ; On the other p«rt 
 the Romans did judge that evfent a*! undoubted Viftory, So it was that the vart multicudc 
 on both fides did bend their mindef'th greateft emulation to the ftudy of Sea-Affaires. And 
 therefore the Confulls being chargto remove the warre into Africa, when they were come to 
 Mejfana , with an Armado of th; hundred and thirty (hips, and from thence parting by the 
 Coaft of Sicilj on the right handyond Tachinm, to take in the Foot Forces, they having al- 
 fo fome Forts near the Hill Ec»or>, they failed forward. And about the fame time Humtlcur 
 General of the Carthaginians, d Ha»no the Admiral), being Commanders of a Fleet of 
 three hundred and futy (liips, ving parted \iy Lilybaum in Carthage, and then Heradea 
 Afinsai, in that bay tbcy con! of carting Anchor, obicrving the motions of the Romans 
 and if they durrtbcnd towards J^'*, they were in a pofture to flop their courfe ; which when 
 the Confulli were informed of ley with good advice make all things ready for cither chance ■ 
 that they might not be to feek Counlell, whether they were to engage ma Sea-conflid or 
 to draw fome whither forfafcr therefore committing the (hips to fomeof the Itoutert Soul- 
 diers, they make four Squadr*, as fo many parts of the whole fleet; the choiceft men they 
 fet in the firrt Squadron, the >> next Squadrons they place in their order, in the Reare- guard 
 they put their chiefeft men fc^rength , the Triarii, thcfe forces they difpofeof in fuch array 
 that each (hip did carry jcfowers, and (ix fcorc Souldiers. So the MurterRoll in the 
 whole Navy did amount to ai^undred and forty thoufand men. 
 
 The Carthaginians did fccwhat exceed th^t number, lead ng more fouldiers then an hun- 
 dred and fifty thoufand. ^ indeed the Confulls did fcarce eftceni of any other fort of foul- 
 diers incomparifonof the»wn. There was fomuch the moreconfultmg, when it did ap- 
 pear, they muft needs fighn thedeepOccan • where the fwiftnefs of the (hips, and the skill 
 of the Pilots are of mucf-dvantage, to the fit ordering the front of the batte'll arayagainft 
 that danger; (inaliy the\on(iderof placing the whole Fleet aright. They fct two Gullies 
 wherein the Confulls thc'dves were carried, very even in the Van, to bjth thofeGallies they 
 joyn on this (ide the firft uadron , on that fide the fecond in a longcontinned row; the (hips 
 being placed in fuch mder, that the fore caltles of them all were turned outwarjs , jnd 
 
 H z the 
 
 From the foun« 
 dation of the 
 Ciry. 
 
 497- 
 Cipittlina Tm 
 bulx. 
 
 On fill 4. 8, 
 Folyb.
 
 ^o 
 
 The Supplement of Livie, Book VIII. 
 
 Zonins 
 
 7cniris. 
 FtljbiM'i-^^- 
 
 theGalliesdid move almoft joynedtogether, the (hips nest tothofedld keep from each other 
 
 more apart and foconfequently th\ I'pace left between theoppofite fhif^s did grow wider ac 
 
 cordinj' w^heir being fet inorderA So when the form of the Van in manner of a wedg'was 
 
 (haped with fmall diftance betweeWhe firft fhips, and with great fpaces between thelaft, 
 
 then did they caufe the third Squadrrt to advance, which bearing that open fpacebetwcenthe 
 
 two firft Ihips did mceily by their Wder, exhibit a triangular form of the whole array ; 
 
 behind this, at' the third Squadrons bVk , the long boats were drawn by a Farge with Cables 
 
 to pu 1 w.th, reaching to the fhips of\he Tertian fouldiers. IbeT'icrii the Jouldiers fctin 
 
 the Rear-wird, did fo inviron the formV the (hips being ftrecched out into a halfc circle , that 
 
 from each W rig they did appear ; So tV whole body with a deep hollow front j the bindmofi: 
 
 parts being firmely folid , did referable tlyfnout of afliip, not lefsable to receive a violent af- 
 
 fault, then fit to give one. . . \ 
 
 But the Carthaginian Captains having Welligence bv thr'ir Scouts of the approach of the 
 Roman fleet when they confidered , the Wage to their City was not difficult, the common 
 fort were nothing manly, the bordering l\ighbours inconlknt, and very prone to fall from 
 their fidelity , they conclude to go out to mYthem : being refolved firft to try all that might 
 be, rather then they would fuffer, that th^oman Veffels fhould have a fafe Voyage into 
 Africa. Therefore they betake them tothcWps, incouraging their men in fl^.ort, Tha> 
 they would Hndertake the fight with mindes ^eij iem and chearf fill , rvell remnnbring thej 
 Tvereto fifht not cnh touching things prefem^ b, in reference tuitll tHn£i, nhich each eve held 
 trrcioHs at hojre ; and with their own good hopUnd that of their fellow Seamen, thty lanch 
 forth out of thcHarbfur •, nor was the Romansyt far diftar.t , therefore not far from Hera- 
 clfo. they oive the (hock againft each other with Vail lloiitnefs •, The Carthaginian C aptains 
 did fo provide , that Harrno (hould charge on the t^t Wing, (but it was he that b^d been un- 
 fortunate at Agr'gentum) Hamilar (hoifld b: Qnmanderover the reft. And they alio di- 
 vide their (hips into four Squadrons, having obfeW the array which the Romans had made 
 life of • Of thefe, that which was the left Wing (A^e whole array being crooked like a bow, 
 did make towards thefiior'e, the reft were extendetf, their plain order, and turned upon the 
 flrft Squadron of the Enemies (hips. Hereupon tfRight Wing in which there were very 
 fwift Veffells with fnouts and five oares in a feat , H\,o did ftretch it out all he could towards 
 the main Ocean, being ready to lurround the Enemy ,\ the fkirmidi (hould begin at any othec 
 part. And the Confuils not flaying long did venture Wfclves with their two Squadrans into 
 themidft of the Carthaginian (hips •, Hcmkar that Wiight break the array of the Romans 
 did cha'-ge his fouldiers , when the Conflift began , thelQuld prefenly take their flight, which 
 being done, and the Romans eagerly purfuing them , tV arthaginians indeed had no hurt by 
 their flying' in regard their (hips were fwift : but the ar^f the Romans , as H«w/Vcj»- wi(h- 
 ed and had forefeen, was rent afunder, when yet the TAj^ gr.d the third Squadron did keep 
 thvir places which , when he faw it ocrformed, he fudd^ j>,vcs a fignout of his own fhip, 
 that their fore-caftlcs being turn'd , they fliould encounter^,fe that did purlue them : the fight 
 wasdoubifull, the Carthaginians excelling in fw:ftnefs, aijn skill for Navigation. The Ro- 
 mans being farre tranfcendant in the ftoutnefs of their ftjliers^ Therefore (o long as the 
 fif t rather of the (hips, then of the men, did laft, t' e (thaginians had the better clear- 
 ly : But when they began to fight hand to hand, the (hi{^,eing faftned clofe with grapling 
 irons then the Vi<^iory did certainly incline towards ,tlie I^an party : When the fouldicr 
 full of confidence through his hand- ftrukes, and fighting b^e the Confuils, did ftrive to ap- 
 prove his valour to them with a more notable endeavour : w^ the skirmiih was lo managed in 
 that part, Hanno with the Right Wing, which hitherto he ke^mov'd , made a ficne alTault, 
 being carried by the tide amongft the fliips of the Triarii, an(5d create them much troublelom 
 work, when they were brought to great ciftrefs •, At the fcinirne almoft, the Left Wing alio 
 of the Carthaginians, the firft pofture being changed, and wil( front made even, doesaflfail 
 with dangerous beaks the third 5quadronof the Romans, lih drew their long boats by a 
 Barge. The Romans having flipt their Cables, did prepare theyives forrefiftarce ; Hereal- 
 fo they (hew much Gallantry : So in three places, there do haptigven juft fo many Sea-fights, 
 far diftant from each other. \ 
 
 When they had fought fo hard, the Viftory long enough indirt to either fide, at laft it chan- 
 ced, as needs it muft , where there is fierce bickeering in fundry pes at once, with equall force 
 and vehemency, that the felfe fame part which is firft routed, (nd cauie the whole Viftory. 
 For when Hamilcar was utterly unable any longer to withftand thViolcnce of his Enemies, his 
 finglc flight did immediately difperfe even the whole fleet of the Whaginisn. YorL.Mart- 
 /(wj one of the Confuils being very much bufied about bringing tdher the (hips that were ta- 
 ken, and chaining them to his own, M.Regnius efpving the figlto begin afrefhin another 
 place, he made halle to relieve his own fide, taking tohim the (hip^ the fecond Squadron, all 
 thatffcapedout of the former fight fafe and i)n(hattered ; Thel 
 reliefe , and recollcding their Spirits, which had even failed them i 
 iiCgan to oppofe their Enemies with great undauntednefs. Hamto. 
 before him made ftout refiftance and that himfelfewas foover-charauiiiut iv^..^^ ...... ..^... 
 
 fupplies, hoifing up fail he did his beft to avoid bis approaching ovcrtbw. And when L. Man- 
 
 > tins 
 
 rii did foon perceive ihnc 
 
 ;tremityof Danger, they 
 
 n he faw that both thofc 
 
 on the Reare withfrc(h
 
 In place of hivlt's Eighteenth $00^, ^j 
 
 /««j amidll thelc tryalls t>eheld the third Squadron of the Konuns to be enforced towards Jand 
 by the Canhagmians Left Wing, he fteer'd that way, and Oil. legHlas overtook him unawares 
 who had even nowfct the long boats aad the TrUril out cf harmcs reach. So the Ikteof 
 things is foon quite changed, and they are furronnded very clcfe, wlio but juH before had hem- 
 med the Romans in. Whom indeed being ftrangely encorpaflcd, and in a manner llraightlv 
 belleged, they might c're this have utterly deftroyed, unlefs tot daring to go near thern for fear 
 of the iron raven-beaks they were wont to grapple with, t'eygave tlieConfuIs timeenough 
 that themfcives being fafe they might even lecure their ow hde, and the Carthaginians that 
 were environ'd by a fudden furprizeall , had leifure totkc, as with a net, fifty (hips, andal! 
 that were therein , fo the other few fteahng away by t e very fhore fide did make their ef- 
 cape. 
 
 This Sea-conflift as well in regard of various ill accid its , and the eagerncfs of the encoun- 
 ter, as alfofor the number of fhips loft on both fides was of fair^ remark. Of the Cartha- 
 ginian ftiips fixtyand three were taken, above thirfwere funk.* The Conquering Romans Ore/Jw 4. S 
 loft four and twenty by rcafon of foul weather , but ^t one of them did fall into the hands of 
 the Enemy. 
 
 When this viftory was over, returning to Aif^na they allotted certaine dales to mend 
 their (hips, and rcfrefli their men, and to take-ftoreof newprovifion. Amongft which ^omns 
 H.imi/c.ir when he would not yeild by any m-ns, '''e Romans fhould go to /7/r;Vrf ^,j[ Po'/^'^i 
 wanted ftrength to flop their march , he betook hifelf to ftrata gems, and fought, by fending ^""""^"^ 
 Hanno to them to fue for peace, to prolong e time , till the arrivall of the forces which he 
 look: the Carthaginians would fend him. H^o when he made h;s addrefle to the Confuls 
 and heard the exclamations of the people, f^^ the fame decree ought to pafs againilhim' 
 which five years before the Carthaginians had 'ign'd againft Cornelius Aftm then Conful he 
 ihifted off the threatned mifchicf with a fubtiU^'wcr,? V^;/j ifjefl^all </»y'e(faies he j jc JhaU not 
 he bitter <tt all then the very Africans-^ anP^efently the Confuls well refented what he faiil 
 commanding thofe to be filent that had vor fi'fn to chains , and there was a voice heard well 
 befeemmg the gravity of the Roman ftock , Hanno, the faithful denHug of mrCitj tioemhit f'^^^Mtx.6:6 
 thee from that jear. It was in vain to mov*^"^ peace becaufe the Carthaginian did not deal fin- 
 cerely,and the Confuls did rather aim at W^^ then at Peace. Therefore they had no mindto 
 defer any longer their intended voyage to /^'^«*; Neither did the Carthaginian Commanders 
 crofiethe dcfign , though they engaged* each other, not toenduretheenmyfhould march ^ontm 
 without difturbance, but to infeft him (r- fundry quarters, and to bar his pafiage. Rue Han- 
 fio making haft to fortify Carthage befo'**"^> ^amilcar not daring to attempt ough carries at ^"O'^'w 
 Heracle.r.Tbc Romans fhips made a fafe'Vagc free both from enemies and from tetnpeits. And ^''"'"'''^' 
 there wanted not fome that did ftrange'^'oni'nate any traveUing far by fca, and the enemies 
 coaft. and the very name of Africa. ^■«»»»«', an Officer among the fouldie'rs, did firft-be^in f/c-w ii 
 to fpeak ill of government, but Rcgu was fo incenfed againft him, that he threatned him chat 
 fcourges and the axe fliould be his^, unlefs he would fubmit. So at length the Conful was 
 obeyed,and the nearer and the grcatf^ar did expel the dread of travelling by fea.The Promon- 
 tory is called Hf>-«i<<««( which fron-e bofome of Carthj^e does ftretch very far into the Sici- p ;,»,• 
 lian fca. That coaft was firft foumut by the Roman fhips , then after a little ftay while the " "" 
 whole fleet came up together, the-n/u's having pafted by the coaft of /Jfrica, they arrived 
 at the Citie Cl'-^pta. Here the f^^'ers are expofed to hazard , and when the (hips were put 
 inro harbor, there was a Trenchfawn round for the more fecurity. The Citie becaufe it 
 refufed to furrender , was befies andprefently through the timeroufne(re of the Citizens 
 it being either yielded or deferted'or 'tis reported either way) it was reduced to the obedience 
 of the Romans, 
 
 But the Carthaginians thoughey did endute things truly harfli, and very ftrange, yet they jonirm 
 rejoyced at their weal, that th fared fomewhat better then theyexpefted : for when they toijbim. 
 heard what iftue the Sea-iight li, they were fore afraid, leaft prefently the conquering forces 
 would have been drawn even af '^ Carthage it felf Therefore re-alTumirg fomc courage after 
 their former fright, they were'y bent to make <vhat ftrcngth they could to defend their City 
 and the Suburbs thereof Nn while the Confuls having fent meflengers to Rome which 
 would acquaint the Senators ut exploits had been atchicved already, and (hould bcfeech their 
 advice touching new attcm;, they make C/«/>^/i aGarrifon, that they might make ufe o^Zonirm 
 that feat of war. And havirct a guard to defend the City and field adjoyning, they march- ^'0''"''« 
 ing a great way forward wit H their other forces, they utterly wafte a very fruitful Country , 
 whichfrom the dayesof ^(^oc/" hadnotfeenthefword of an enemy; they deftroy many 
 goodly Villages, they force^ay whole droves ofcattel, moreover they lead away by force 
 above twenty thoufand me no man daring to gainfay; they alfo take many Towns by ftorm ^""•"""^ 
 or by furrender, wherein ty apprehend feveral Revolters, and fet free many Roman Captives, 
 that were taken in the late fs.amongft whom I believe even Cm- Ccr»e/<«x to have been, that 
 was chofcn Conful again i^r two ye«rs were cxpir'd. While things arc thus aded, they that 
 were fent to /Jowf by the •nlul'!, return with Orders from the Senate. Oneof them wascom- ^"h^i"*. 
 manded to quarter in «X!«M, with fuch confiderable forces as they held needful to be kept 
 there. The other was rtiircd to bring back the reft of the fleet, and the refidue of the army 
 
 Id
 
 6z 
 
 The Supplement of Livie, Book. V HI. 
 
 ,8. 
 
 Zontrtt 
 Fol^biu* 
 
 Zonirit 
 
 Inche Yeir 
 From the foun 
 datioo of the 
 City 49^. 
 
 Livic.Efit. 
 
 Strttttgemit. 
 
 rJ,M«.4.4.6. »''') ^^""""^ sained an 
 
 to Rome, So Winter now drawing near, Af. Regulus continued there with almoft fifteen tbou- 
 fandfoot, five hundred horfemen\ and with forty (hips, what remained of the Fleet being rich- 
 ly loaden with Captives, and othe; booty L. iManlitts having fafely pafled by the Coafis of Si- 
 cilj, he carried back lo Rome, \find he led along with him to if </»jf twenty feven thoufand 
 Captives , and the Navall Triumji over the Carthaginians was ordain'd for him. Afterwards 
 Ser.Fulvius, M.F. M.N.T<tt\us themoTenoh\e,ind M. ^imiiifn/M. F. L.N.Pau- 
 Ins were made Confulls. \ 
 
 The Government of Sicily and tW Command of the fleet are committed to the charge of 
 thofe two : They were not raindeoto call back Regulas from amidft his Viftories , while he 
 went on profperoufly in tAfrica; am he was ordered by the Proconful to manage the War 
 there. That decree of the Senate no 0£ did worle refent, than he himfelfc , for whofe honour 
 i8 it was made. Therefore in his Letters t\rhc Senate he made that his grievance , and fet it as the 
 prontinus main ground of bis fuit,that^another mi^ fucceed him in his Office, upon the death of his Bai* 
 liffe ( he undertook to manure a piece or^round of fevcn Acres, which his Mafter had in Fupi- 
 nia) haviog gained an opportunity, he tl^ce delivered up his Commifiion, and left his charge -, 
 wherefore he muft needs depart, leaft in hybfence, when his ground lay untiiled, his wife and 
 Stnea d Hel- children fliould want bread. And the Set^e did srdain , that M. Regulus his ground fliould 
 vii. be dreffed at the Publick charge, that what <niage he had fuftained fliould be made good, and 
 
 Pmyl.npui f^ij. provifion (hould be made for his wife al children. Such good orders were then inufel 
 But when I read of or relate thefe things and l^ {[le ^ j cannot chufe but recoiled: with my felf, 
 which is the more lafting recompence for viiV^ a reward by Coin,or bycomme-dationj by 
 pounds, or by praife. M.RegulHs his renovvjoes endure many ages after his death ^ the 
 wealth of others hath periflitwith their Mafte\ and oftentimes before them: ]n the mean 
 feafon the Carthaginians having chofen two C^Hs at home, j1(dr!tia.',Httnti(j's fonne, and 
 "Bofiar -^ they fent alfofor Hamilcar their thiro^ommander in chief to come out of Sicilj. 
 Who w'ith five thoufand Foot, and five hundred Iffecame in all hah: irom Heracha. to Car- 
 thage. Thefe having called a Councell do decreethat the Array fhould not be kept within 
 Walis as the manner heretofore had been, neither qqIJ [he Rom^n louldiers bepermittedto 
 do what they lifted without any puniftiment. So wi, they were encouraged to wage War, the 
 Army was drawn out. 
 
 In the mean time M. Regulus did march to all placfcear ad joyning,through which the Rivec 
 Bfig'-nda does Aide , fubduing all before him, not far .^ which the Romans that held certain 
 Caftles, wer-e Imitten with a fudden peftilence, and loft Uy^ and were fore amazed. A water- 
 Serpent of huge bignefs did fet upon the fouldiers, and il being much afrighted.and refifting all 
 in vain, the Serpent did fwallowdown many of them w his wide yawning jawes, others he 
 bruil'd to pieces with his furious windings, and with the ftUg of his tail, fome again he poy fon- 
 ed to death with the blafting of his peftiferous breath, andUade fo much ado for M.'Kjgulttr^ 
 — -,- ■ -r- that with all his forces he muft fight with the Serpent for tkoffeffion of the River,which when 
 Tubero tftd A- . , ^j^j^ ^^^ j^^f^ of many lbuldiers,and the Dragon \|d neither be overcom, nor wound- 
 
 Vjdl[Mm 
 
 tljbius. 
 
 2 intra. 
 
 f/om.i.». 
 
 ti-jie Epicom. 
 
 l^d.Miximnt 
 1.8,19 
 
 gellium 
 
 P/iB.8.14. 
 Orofiia 
 Silius \\h.6 
 
 ciJjhe with his extrcam hard cruft of Scales eafily repelling,^* ever darts they did throw tt him, 
 they muft make ufe of Engines, and without great Guns \ Mortar- pieces, like a well fenced 
 Tower, the Enemy is not co be overthrown ; After feveral^rlings that were made in vain, a 
 great llone being cafl:,did break his back-bone all toftiiverSpd did diflblve the vigorous vio- 
 lence of the formidable Monfter. And the bufinefs was efied with fo much difficulty , and 
 VtlMtximm with fo great terrour to Horfe and Foot, that the fouldiers' averre they had rather oppofe 
 (^artPjA^eii felfe, then fuch another Monfter. And the Cattould ftay there no longer, but 
 muft (hiin the infeded waters, and all the Country round abowhich was blafted with the con- 
 tagious ftink of his lying thercThis was fome ftiame to the pridf men, which are wont to think 
 very fondly ,that they can Conquer all things. Truely when M^guhs was General!, that had 
 been Conquerour by Sea and Land, one fingle Serpent when he * alive,did hold the whole Ro- 
 man Army in plea.and being killed, he made the Army draw oflAnd therefore the Proconful! 
 did hold it no immodefty to fend the fpoils even of this very Epy to Rcme , and to acknow- 
 Icdgwith a publick Monument the greatnefs of his own fear, aihis rejoycing at the viftory. 
 For he took order the skin of the beaft fliould be taken off andirried to Rcrr.e, which is re- 
 ported to have been an hundred and twenty foot long, and beingnged up in a certain Temple 
 to have lafted even till the Wars at NKm*ntia. When the Cameras rcmov'd from Hagraia, 
 the Confull commanded the Army towards the City ^</ij, all'^ns and Caftles being won 
 and demoliftit that lay in their road. \ 
 
 But to AAU, which was hard to take, there was a certain way oLing fiegc by the help of 
 warlike engines. To the crofling of which, when the Carthagmiartaptains did (peedily make 
 hafte they fate down on a certain hill, but full of wood and full ofVier impediments that was 
 very near the Roman Camp, M. Regulus having well confidered inature of the place, and 
 what manner of enemies he had to dcale with,whcH he faw their foot ye not comparable to his, 
 but that they put much confidence in their Elephants and horfcmen , W fuch forces being very 
 formidable in open fields by the inequality of the places would notV come at, and would be 
 made very ufclefs- he wifely taking fome advantage by the folly chis enemies, before they 
 could perceive and corrcft their crror,detcrmincs to fall uponthcm iJieir own Tents, Where- 
 
 ' fore 
 
 Ztutu 
 run. 
 
 Polybiut 
 ZoTuns
 
 In place of Ljvie^s Eighteenth "Bool^, ^2 
 
 fore encouraging his fooldicrs, anddiligently obferving what rcafon did fuggell heroes out 
 of his Camp before the dawning of the day, and does caufe his army to advance' towards th* 
 hill dircdtly oppofite, where the Carthaginians had pitcht their Tents. Firft of all the audaci- 
 ous confidence of the Romans djd even amaze the Carthaginians, which beino far IcfTe in num- 
 ber did fet upon fuch a vaft army even in their own trenches, from a low place" and of creat dif- 
 advantage. Then they were in the greater confulion even in this rclpeft, 'bccaufe the horfe- 
 men and Elephants, from which they did hope for moftaffiftance, were not only of no advan- 
 tage, but did extremely hinder and dirturb them, and the very time did augment their trembling 
 that che Romans did fet upon them unawares, and mollof them, asyet, beinofadafleep there- 
 fore many of them are put to the fword even in their Jiuts, the others flragling in their amaied ^'^^^'^ 
 flight, and not knowing where to hide themfelves, were taken by parties fet on purpofeto 
 way-lay them. 
 
 Nevertheless the Carthaginians Mercenary fouldiers, the Spainards and the French being in- p , y 
 ftantly in a good pofture, and fighting Couragioufly on the other fide of their bulwark k was 
 doubtful a great while which would get the upper hand. The forlorn hope even now being put 
 to the run , the whole Roman army had been overthron , if the horfe from another quarter 
 that were commanded to wheelc about had no: in the very nick of time char<'ed the enemie on 
 the reare that were purfuing thofe which fled. Then they alio wh ch a little before had deferr- 
 ed their ftation might now be rallied up and enouraged to fight afrefti. So the enemy bein<» fet 
 upon on both fides , when he had for a long tine with much gallantry made refiilance he^vas 
 conrtrained to cry quarter When the Cartiaginians faw what was done, immediately they 
 fiing thcrafelves out of their Sconces, anc'fall to running with all the fpeedtliey could make 
 and indeed the Elephants and the horfemen vhen once they carac into plaines they could retreat 
 well enough and fafely too. The Conquerors having purlued the infantry fomewhat far , they 
 turn back at length to throw down theii fortifications. In thi^ Battel there were feve'nteene 
 thoufand of the Carthaginians that were fain , fire tlioufand are reported to be taken prifoners , Orofm. 
 and eighteen Elephants. The fuccefle of this battel did purchafe the Romans much friendfhip ^"'"'P'^^-* 
 not only from all the Countries round abut, but even from people that were moft remote. And ^'"''^''* 
 in few daycs about fourfcore walled t»vrDS vowed fidelity to the Romans. Whereas upon the owfui. 
 rewes that TMnii fuch a fenced City n/as taken by Regnius , did even artonilh the Carthagini- 
 ans that were greatly llraitned before, and which was hui\t twehemilesfwm Carthage, kzil it Livk.io-s 
 fuffer what ever they did there to bekept fecrct from the enemy ,thcn being a fair profned both 
 to the very City it felfe , and to the fa hard by. 
 
 And the terrible dread of their wa: with the Romans did not onely dance round the Cartha- 
 ginians , but the Numidiani alfo, oct of an old grudge being ftirred up by a frefli opportunity 
 took up arms, and by fpoiling anffireing the Carthaginian towns, brought more terrourand 
 mifery upon them , then the Ronans did. And the Boores from all parts flying for refuge to 
 the City, did caufe not only a hug. dread , but alfo a great dearth , when Ibth a multitude of 
 people did devour a world of proviion , and the avarice of the owners didconccale the plenty 
 as yet in ftore , who gaping greedy for gain by that Common Calamity were full of hope the 
 price of viftuals would raife daily xcording to the decreafe of their moft necclTary food. Where- 
 upon it followed, the EcnbiLf^y d Marcus ii«'^»-/«j was hearken'd to with greater heed, who 
 aiming at the honor of finiftiirg the war , and fearing leaft feme one that might fucceed him 
 with a new commiflion from R»»e fhould prevent him , he moves the Carthaginians to Conditi- 
 ons for peace. To that purpofc fome of the p. ime Senators are fent unto him •, but when they ^ow^^ 
 law ftrange harlh conditions offef'd , and their bulineffe at a Hand , they took their leive of Af. 
 RegnlHs , who was verily perfwaied he had Viftory by the hand. Sicily forfooth , and all Sur- ^"' 'f^^ 
 di«M were commanded to yeeli , to fend freely home what Romans they had taken , to ran- ^rTn;^^ 
 fome their own men, to bear ihe whole charge of the war, and to pay befides a penfion by the 
 J ear. They had other impofitions, full as burthenfome as thefe •, That they ftiould be confe- 
 derates with the Romans for ofcnce and defence ^ that they fhould ufe but one great fhip • But 
 ths Romans they fhould aflillwith fifty gallyes well appointed as oft as they fhould be required. 
 The EmbafTadours being tranfported with wonder at fuch Articles , and that iJf^^/w; might p/^^^j Eclo- 
 grant his vanquilhc fuppliants more milde conditions , he made this anfwer , M(n muji either b. ij " 
 Con^ntr or croHch to thofe thM fubdne them. By the return of which words the Carthaginians 
 were much incenfed , thougi they had often made fuite for peace , yet they arc fully bent, ra- Po/;t.i.ji 
 ther to endure the worft that could happen than to embrace thole Conditions , which they held 
 no other than the bondage and fervitude of their Citie. 
 
 In that ftate of affairs certain fhipi which were fent to waft fome fouldiers into Greece, did re- 
 turn when they had gathered up no fmall body of Mercenary fouldiers ^ Among thefe there was FUyhiM 
 one Xa.nthippMs, by race a LacedtmontMn , who did couple the noble exercife of warfare with the 
 difcipline of his Country, wherein he had been well trained up from his youth. He fufficient- 
 ly underftanding what feats had been done already, and having infight enough into the other fur- P'onu. i.% 
 nituie of the Carthaginian forces, of the Elephants and Horfemen, he made bold to fpeaka ^'"'■''"'* 
 proud word openly, that the Carthaginians were not fubdued by the Romans, but by them- 
 lelves, by the weaknefs of their Commanders, that knew not the duty of their places. This 
 iumor being feon difpcrf'd, when ^Vrf»//;»Pf«/ was call'd before the Magiltrates , he does produce 
 
 fucb
 
 The Supplement of Livie, Book V ! 1 1. 
 
 Ztnirat 
 
 Tilshins. 
 
 Zomris. 
 
 AuUnT de virk 
 JUvjlr. c.io. 
 
 Ztnxris 
 
 j^pi'tn. 
 
 Zomtos. 
 
 Vo'jb. 
 
 froniinu! 
 Strut astern. 1. 
 Fdyhiki. 
 
 Poljbius. 
 
 St'iiii^ein.i 
 Volyb. 
 
 fuch evident reafons of that his judgement, that fcarce ought could be R^.ore manifcft ; he fhews 
 them that in all their expeditions, in making their Fore, in joyning Battel!, it was their manner 
 nil! to pick out places utterly unfit, if they would liften to his advice, he does aflure them not 
 one'y of fafety, but alfo of Vidory. When feverall of the Chiefe Citizens do approve of his 
 judgement, and the very Commanders alfo themfelves, and with befeemmg modcily preferring 
 the welfare of their Country before his fingle opinion, they agree and ordain that the guidance 
 ot' his Army (bouldbe committed to a foreigner ;, Xanthtppus having undertook his charge, 
 dayly drawing his fouldiersout of the City, he does accullome the field Forces coobferve and 
 change their ranks, and inftantly to do what they are commanded , and the confidence of better 
 fujcefs does fill the fouldiers with admiration of him , the whole City being cheriflicd even in 
 defperation,is raifed up to expeft joyfull things to come. When the Commanders behold this U- 
 niverfidl Cheerfulnefs, they alfo taking heart thereby , refoive to give the Enemy another charge, 
 and encouraging their fouldiers,as opportunity did require, they march out againft the Romans, 
 even with almoft twclv e thoufand Foot .with hm hundred horfe,and well nigh as many Elephants; 
 that thing alone did perplex the Romans, t\)at they faw the Carthaginians make their inroads 
 through the plain fields, having changed their fj-ft defign , avoiding all fteep and craggy places : 
 But being puffed up with pride through their co^iftant felicity, they fct at nought the fouldiers that 
 were wont to vanquifli , and Graculns their trader. And Rtg^ulus was not corrupted with 
 that fawning poyfon of fortune waiting on him.\ When he well confidered that he had routed 
 the Sea Forces of the Carthaginians, and the not Souldicrs too, that he had taken almoft 
 two hundred Townes , two hundred thoufarjd n^n, and that Carthage being fore ftreightned , 
 might be enforced to furrender,he denied them pesi^e when they fued for it on reafonable termes, 
 and wrote to ii^we. That the very Gates of C<irr%e which he had begirt did tremble at him. 
 So alio moderation hach oftnerdeferted great Spikes in profperity , then conftancy in advcr- 
 fity : But the Carthaginians having pitcht their tcn^ in a plain field,/?/. Regttlus whofe chiefcft 
 ftrengch was in his infancry,and thither he could not bt followed but over Mountainous and fl:eep 
 diffic'iilt placcs,thinking it all one to his Valour where fe fought. he was not afraid to truft himfclf 
 in the Camp, even to the greater vanting of his confidence, paffing over the river that was in the 
 midll: , and diftant from the Enemy even two hundred feoufand paces. y.a»thippffs perceiving 
 the indifcretion of the Roman Leader , did avouch thii would be the very time, wherein he 
 would performc what he had promifed the Carthaginians \ for he had got the Romans even tired 
 with long Marching, where his heart could wifli them • h\ nothing doubted the Viftory would 
 be certainly his own; the time alfo did feera moft commcdious for the fight, bccaufe the day 
 now drawing towards the evening , the Africans knowini well all places thereabout, if they 
 fhould be overcome, they might make their cfcape the bette in the night, or if they ftiould con- 
 quer, the night would not hinder the purfuit of the Vi(ftory.\ Therefore the Carthaginians con- 
 fulting what was to be done , XanthivpHs calling for the Velp of Gods and Men , that they 
 might not lofe fuch a fingular opportunity he did earneftly petfwade his men to undertake the Bac- 
 tell.fo much the eafier.becaufe the fouldiers themfelves cryingiut to Xanthippus^ihey did of thcic 
 own accord with unufuall cheerfulnefs defirc to encounter wiOi the Enemy, therefore the charge 
 of the main affair is granted to the i'/?<«rf<!», he drawes out thi Army, and does exercife them af- 
 ter tfiis manner. A four fquarebodyof SoooCarthaginiani, which were the prime Chofen 
 men of all their foot, was fet for a relerve ; before this body, \ convenient fpace being left be- 
 tween, the Elephants are fct in order, being drawn up as broirf as that fquare body • on either 
 Wing the Horfe are placed,behind thefe on the Right Wing,ftaids the main body of hired foul- 
 diers. The Army being fet in fuch array, he commanded theskiimiftiers , that having thrown 
 their darts, they fliould ftand in open order for the advantage of their own fide, and when theic 
 main body fliould joyn with the Enemy, they fhould violently break out again from the Wings, 
 and (hould on a fudden furioudy flanke the Romans, when the^ were charging the oppofite re- 
 ferve. On the contrary part /ff^»/«j having well drawn up his Army, when he faw the Ele- 
 phants in the Front of the Carthaginians, he foon takes advice, he brings his fouldiers lightly 
 armed to the Van, he fets the well Compad feot-Companies in th^ Referve, the Horfe arc drawn 
 upin the Wings, the Army is firme in refpeft of depth, but tuuch narrower then before j 
 fo that the chicfc danger being feared from the Enemies Elephants and Horfemen, they didii>- 
 deed take a right courfe againft the Elephants , but being in an open and Champain Country , 
 there was room fufficient for the Horfe to (urround, the whole Army being fo dofe compaded. 
 The Fight was began by the Elephants.which Xanthippus commanded to be led againft the oppo- 
 riteRegiments,and the Romans making a great {houc,fet forward to meet them.The Horfe were 
 likewife engaged in both Wings ^ but there the Romans being much inferiour in Number, and 
 not able to rdift the Enemies charge, fied away. But the Foot wh ch were of the Left Wing , 
 (whether it were to avoid the Elephants , or that thereby they thought the moreeafily to ob- 
 tain the Vidory) charged the Mercenaries, and putting them to flight, purfued them to their ve- 
 ry Camp. The reft of the foot had an harder taske againft the Elephants, by whofe valt bodies 
 ■ their ranks were difordered , themfelves trodden under foot, and whole Companies like a falling 
 houfe, ftruck down to the ground, yet the very thicknefs of the Battell hindred them from break- 
 ing through ; till at laft'they were diftrefled on all parts, for the Flanks and Rear were galled 
 by the Horfe, the foreraoft whomadeafhift tobreak through the Elephants, were flain by the 
 
 Enemy
 
 In place of Livie's Eighteenth ^ooJ^ <55 
 
 EneiTiy ftanding yet Entirc.and the light- armed men flying in upon them There was no fdscxccu- 
 . tiondone in theFliglic.che Eicphan's and N^midian Horfc purluing them in an open plai.i place, 
 /ff^w/^j with almoft five hundred I'ouldiers was taken alive by the Enemy ; of the whol-; Arn.y y-^,.,^ 
 there efcaped but about two thoufand (who had charged and put to flight thcM'.'rcen.iries), Po,>6. " * ' 
 who beyond all Hope, by their hail, got fafe into Clnpe* j of the- Romans and their Ailoct.ites .^ 
 were ritin about thirry thoufand. Of the Carthaginians there were not many wanting bcfide ,1 ^''■'^^' 
 eight hundred of the Mercenaries, who had fought againll the Left Wmg of the Enemy, w'hen Lu^lw 
 the Army returned todrthAge after fo great a Virtory, carrying the RomsnGenerail Prifo- Vihhius 
 ner, a multitude of Citizens came out to meet them, others Ibndmg m theiheetj, orinthcic 
 boufes, beheld the fpeftacle with wonderfull Pleafure, which they durit latily Icarce hope for- 
 their mindes being not capable to believe fo great an Happinef- attending them ; For beiog of 
 late fo neer defpair, giving not onely their Country, but very City for loll , thjy durft Itarce be- ... , 
 lieve lo g-eat a Chinge, though they law it with their eyes : But they too.k molt fpecial! no- fp^jr' *'^ 
 ticeof theGencralU, every ones eye and thought being Icttled on them, lookmg.oinetimcson 
 Xanfhipp,ii^ lometimcs on iftjj«/»/, Extolling the greatnefs of their own Commander , by t!e 
 Eftimution they had of the other. He mujjef necfjfnj be a gallant A<f.tn who h^nh overcome 
 fo /{out aGemraH, io jortunute a fVarriour, a frond Con^ueronr , an impLcah/e E^emj^ the 
 Terrour and PUgne o( Car.hage^ now of a fudden btreaved of a numeroHs ^rmj^ havi-g lofi 
 hit aniient Fame and Liberty together. Their Admiration was encrealed by the habic and ^,-;;„f ^ 
 Garbcof the Man, who under a fmall body, and none of the beft lookes, carried alirgeand FJ)b. 
 Tirtuous mind. For this Exploit X^nthippns bad much glory, and withall as much envy, to a- 
 void which he uled as much art as in finilhing the Warre, for whereas he niiglit juilly exptft an 
 everlafling reward of his good fervice at Carhhage^ yet he rcfolvcd to leave thofe doubtful hopes 
 and full of Treachery, and return home , before other mens affedions, or his own fortune were onllut 4. 9. 
 altered. For this is for the moft part the difpofition of men, that optnly they prof<fs the love 
 of their Country, but really ftudy their own private good ; as long as tl^ir City being in lafe- 
 ty, they can obtain and quietly enjoy Honour and Riches , they pretend mighty love to tliekr 
 Country : But where there is danger left they fhould beftow the fame benefits on others for their 
 egregious merits, they had rather want a man who doeth good to the Common-wealth , then 
 have him in the leaft way hinder their private commodity : As long as they think themfelves 
 able to cquall others, their envy is hidden and moretcmifj, but when they fee themfelves fa rre 
 exceeded, and that Honour duely given to others which they defircd for themfelves, then what 
 they were not able by virtue to obtain , they feck it by Calurrnies and Criminations. So that 
 the beft men have ordinarily moft Enemies and arc moll fubjeft to Treachery ; But a Native of p^/vj. 
 the CounttA' hath feme remedy againft this Evill in his Fr ends and kindred ; A I>r.inger being 
 voideof all heipe and ^aia,r>ce encreafeth the Malice of degenerate mindes Sy his b£i^<^ eafy to 
 be hurt in that he is more cxpofeU 10 T,..r-.nc and may without any great labour or danger be 
 offended, affronted and undone. That Xanthtppus appicii«...a.ci -m.irorlidercd thele things 
 the fequeldoch evidently demonrtrate , 'Tis reported he was drowned by f^me fenta/.cr f.Z 
 from theCar-hagtiiant, who after fo great ^benefit received, hated the e^xthor of it, tfhjbt»,g 2anar:ts 
 once dead, th'j thought it would ejuickiy ^' f'>^g'>^ '^4' thetr Countrej was preferved bj a For- .-piixn 
 reigoer. Zon^rus, 
 
 Others deny Xamhippus thus to have peri fhed , yet confefs the Treachery of the Carthagi- 
 nians, who at his Dep.trturc allotted him an old Jhip , /«//«/ Leakjs, fairly pitcht over as if 
 it had been found^hut that he difcovering the cheat , ^e>u aboard on another (hip and efcaped the 
 danger. About the fame time they committed another fad: of no lefs Tre.ichery, but much 
 more cruell, byreafonof the number that periftied thereby. The Mercenarys in fomcwhata 
 tumultuous manner claiming a Reward of their paines taken, and happy V'' lour, were put into 
 (hips being made believe that in fome other place they fliould have their Defire : But the Cap- i,''*"' ^^•*"' 
 tains of the fliipswhohad fuch private Order, landed them and left them in a Barren lland, "'*^*^ 
 where being dertitute of all helpe from man, without food, without (hips, having famine on one 
 fide, and the Sea on the other, they pined away and peri(hed -, a fowl and hornd kind of 
 Death. Others referre this Fad: to former times , when there was warre between the Syracufans 
 and Carthaginians, and that the lland was thereupon called 6»/?o<ifx, or the ^i/>i«f Hand, it lieth '" '"'•5'i'. 
 in the main Sea beyond Lipara Weft ward, Thefe deeds whenfocver and howliiever performed, 
 do nothing dilagree with the Carthaginians ufuall Cruelty. And if thus they fcrvcd their 
 Friends and Affbciates, it is no wonder, they were more then ordinarily fevere againll their Ene- 
 mies. Other Prifoners indeed were fomewhat tolerably well ufed, for they likewife ! ad many 
 Captives at Rome, for whom they intended to make an Exchange. But againll Af.Reguius 
 they could neither c^vcr nor moderate their Anger, but vexed and afflidcd him all manner of 
 wayes ; they allowed him food which was neither pleafant to the Palate, nor ilrengthening to the 
 Body,but which with much adoebya flitgh neunfhment ferved to produce his Milerablelife. 
 But more grievous were the Contumelies and Reproaches daily heaped upon him, amongft 
 the reft, they would frequently on a fudden introduce an Elephant, to fright him 
 with the noife and ugly (hape of it , not fuffering him to reft neither in Mind or bo- 
 dy , and being thus miferably handled , and brought low ; they caft him inco the com- 
 raonGaoIe. 
 
 I Wbea
 
 66 
 
 The Supplement of Livie, Book VIII. 
 
 Ptlyliiu i.iS. 
 Zturit 
 
 Stnh.hn 
 Zontris. 
 
 Ftljbius. 
 Strtbo 
 
 Eutropm 
 
 Volybiut 
 
 Orofim 
 
 Ztnurus 
 
 Vefyi. 
 ttljutm 
 
 Etttrepius 
 Vioderus, 
 
 Poljb. I 
 
 Dkdorus. 
 
 ZotytriM 
 Dioitrui 
 
 ZomriL 
 Felib. 
 499- 
 
 VAlMtx.6.c).u 
 
 When thefe things were heard at Rome, the City was filled not only with great grief but with 
 fear alfo ^ for they miftrufted leaft the Carthaginians, provoked with the fenfe of their own ca- 
 lamities , and encouraged by this vidory, ftiouid rccompence them in the like kind, and dare to 
 come even to the walls of Rome to inflid on them the fame milchiefs themfelves had fuifered. 
 The Senate therefore commanded the Confulj, To firengthtn Italy as diligtnily as might h with 
 fufjicientGarrifent^ themfelves with a vafi Navy to fail into Sicily, and thence if they thought 
 fii into Africa, to divert the C*rthaginia»sfrom any expedition into Italy. But the Carthagini- 
 ans in the firft place made it their care to reduce thofe Cities which the Romans had poffeflfed, 
 topunifli thofe Africans who had revolted from them , and by ftrength of arms to vanquifh 
 thofe who perfifted in rebellion. Ottpea was indeed by the Romans floutly defended, but 
 in NumidiA, and over the other Africans (though their war was great ) their vidory wa$ 
 eafie. 
 
 In the mean time, underftanding that a great Fleet was preparing in Italy, they left the fiegc 
 of 'L'r/c^ which they had commenced, trimmed up the old (hips, built new ones, and ftudiou fly 
 endeavoured to prevent the Romans from landing on the African fliore. The ConfuU ufed fuch 
 incredible diligence, that by the beginning of Summer they had three hundred and fifty (hips 
 ready fitted and laden , with which failing to J/c*//, whenthey found all things fafe there, and 
 no danger, butthat they were full of expedations and fears, they left Garrifons where moll 
 need was, and with the reft of their army ftearcd towards Africa. But being by a tempeft forc- 
 ed upon Cojfura ( an Hand between Africk^ and Sicily , near the Promontory ©f Lilyhaum) 
 they waited the grounds there, took a City of the fame name,and placeda Garrifon in it. Then 
 they let forwai d to the Promontory ofHermaus, which being in the mid-way between Carthage 
 and C/apea, ftiutteth inonefidc of the Carthaginian Gulf. At this place the Carthaginian 
 Navy met them, and a very (harp fight was entred into on botli fides, when help came to the 
 Romans from ^/«;>M, which totally inclined the vidory, being before doubtful. An hundred 
 and four of the Carthaginian (hips were funk, thirty taken, and fifteen thoufand fouldiers loft j 
 on t! e Roman fide eleven hundred men were loft, and nine ftiips. The fleet then failed to Vtica, 
 where they landed their men, and pitched their Camp near the City^ The Carthaginians like- 
 wife brought their forces thither under the condud of Han»o , where in a land fight they 
 were overcome with the lofs of above nine thoufand men. There were fome Noble men 
 taken prifoncrs, whom the Confulsreferved whereby to redeem M.Regulus and others who 
 were in the like condition. They then confulted on prefent affairs, and conceived great hopes 
 they might keep tAfrick in pofTeffion : Neverthelefs the country round about being plundet'd 
 andfpoiled, they, fearing a famine, thought fit to return into Sicilj, together with thofe Ro- 
 mans who had defended Clupta. They carried away very vaft and rich Tpoils , which had been 
 laid up in C/«PM in the time of Regulm his profperity, and much «»n/-r«fi:d by laie victories. 
 They had a fafe Voyage into Sicily, and fiiflfi"--*'? rununate had been the Confuls if they 
 Vvould have fet a ho"n'^' "•<> '^^•^•- iiappmeffe. But becaufe m their return to Italy they thought 
 by chc Dy to take fome Port towns of Sicily, notregarding the (hi p-m afters counfel fwhoad- 
 vifed them. Not to fail in thofe dangerous and rough feas agninf the coafi «/ Africa, now Orion and 
 the I):' S- ar were riftng ) they fuffered fuch (hipwrack by tempeft as hath hardly been heard 
 of, of three hundred threefcore and four (hips, fcarce fourfcore, having caft cut all their lading, 
 werefaved-, much about the fame number of horfe-boats and other forts of ve(rels were loft, 
 infomuch as the whole (hore, even from the coaft of Camarina (where the ftorm began) to 
 Prfc^^ww, was filled with the Corps of dead men, and horfes , and pieces of broken (hips. In 
 this their hard diftreflc the humanity of King Hiero was no fmall comfort to them, who bounti- 
 fully entertained them, furni(hing them with cloths, and viduals, and tackling for their (hips, 
 and conduded them fafe to M'ffana. But the Carthaginians made no delay to take advantage 
 of this their misfortune, they prefently regained the Hand and City of Co/wr4; and forthwith 
 crofting over into .TfV//; befieged y^^W_^f«f/i(»» under the command of Carthalo, and no relief 
 coming, they tookitand deraolKhed it: A great multitude of pcrfons were here flain and ta- 
 ken prifoners, the others, who efcaped through the midlands into the territories of Syracufe , 
 planted themfelves in a Village near the Temple of fupiter Olympus. Neither were they ouc 
 of hopes of recovering the whole Iland,but that the Romans aflociatts confirmed and ftrengthe* 
 ned themfelves againft prefent fears, hearing what diligence was uled in preparing a new Navy j 
 for the Confuls were (o intent upon the work, that with wonderful fpecd, in the Jpace of three 
 moneths, an hundred and twenty (hips were built. With thefe ^n.Cor»eli us L.F.C.N. Set: 
 pio Afirta, and /I. Aciliui ty^.F, C.N. Calatinus being Confuls again, having made a newlea- 
 vy of ftout fouldiers, were commanded with the firft opportunity to fet to fea. This C», 
 Cll^■«f/i«x was a great example of the Inconftancy of Fortune, and of Patierccin Adverfity, 
 for having feven years agoe, when he was Conful, been circumvented by the craf <>f the Cartha- 
 ginians, andfuffer'dcaptivity.imprifonment and chains, and whatfoever milery isincident to 
 ma-kind, he now refumed not only the other Ornaments of his degree, but likcwife the Con- 
 (ular Dignity with fo much themore joy,by how much the fadder misfortune he had been before 
 bereaved of them. 
 
 The Confuls having arrived at MejfaHa, and joyncd to themfelves what (hips they found 
 there, being chiefly the Relicks of £hc laft (hip-wrack, failed with two hundred and fifty (hips 
 
 to 
 
 i
 
 In place of Livie's Sigbteenth 'BooJ^ 61 
 
 to the mouch of the River Himera, and took by treachery the Town of Ceyhaloedium , fome Tiicdorus 
 
 eighteen miles dillant upon the fame fhore: From Lrtpanus (for thither they hadfteared ^!"'-''^i^ ^'''" 
 
 their courfe) they departed wihout efferting their piirpofe, being not able to trike it on the lud • ''1 ^""J" 
 
 den, and CjrWsj/^ having fent thither fupplies in cafe of a liege. Being not thereby dilcourag- ■* *''"^' 
 
 ed from farther attempt^, they happily accomplifhed another ddign of greater moment. They -^'■y^'"* 
 
 direfted their courfe to Panormus, the principal City of the Carthaginian' junrjidion, and ^""''"'"* 
 
 poirelliag the H;iven, fue down under the ve^y Walls, and the Panormitans refuling to yield , 
 
 they encompafied die City wich a Ditch and Bulwark. The nature of the ground favoured their 
 
 intendments, yieldmg plenty of materials and wood for their woiks, which being fimfhcd, they 
 
 began the alTault, and battered down with their Engines a Tower by the fea Hde, and the fouldi- 
 
 ers entring by the breach , with great flaughter of the enemy, took the outward City, wh ch 
 
 was called A/ftv /'4»»o>->w«T., the old City did not long hold out, for a great number flying thi- ^'>^^''*' 
 
 ther out of the new City,br!nging along with them more terror then provifions , they were de- ^^ *"** 
 
 jeAed withconlidcrat.onof their prefent danger, and fearing fudden fcarcity,fent mefTengers to- 
 
 theConluls with propolals to yield up all but their bodies ; the Confuls knowing the wants of 
 
 the beiieged, accepted not the conditions unlefs they would redeem themfelves at a certain price. 
 
 Every head was valued at two Mine, fourteen thoufand perfons were ranfomed, the reft, being 
 
 thirteen thoufand were fold together with the plunder. This ViAory was very glorious,of great 
 
 and fudden concernment, for hereupon many Towns on that coalt, fome alfo far diftant, caft out 
 
 the Carthaginian Garrifons and Submitted themfelves to the Romans. The Jetines began , and p t- 
 
 theirexample was followed by the Soluntines, Petrines, Tyndantans and others. Affairs being 
 
 thus tranfaded,ar.d a Garnfon left at Panormm, the ConM returned to Mtffana and fo to Rome. 
 
 The Carthaginians lying in wait for them at their return, furprifed fome (hips of Burthen with Ziwrw 
 
 mony inthem. 
 
 At ifowp there was two Naval Triumphs made immediately one after another, bytheformer M^fmnci' 
 year Confuls Cwhofe command was prorogued) over the Coflurans and Carthaginians ^ Strv. ?""'"'■'• 
 /■«/t/<«x triumphed the thirteenth of the Calends of February, and Af. AimiUus the day af- 
 ter. The live hundreth year after the foundation of the City a fruitleflfe expedition wasmade 
 into Africa. Crt. Servi/i fit Cn.}-. {'n.N C^e^io ^ and Cn. Sempronius Ti. F .Ti. N. BUfus ^qo 
 being Coifuls, croffed over into Sicilj^ where having in vain attempted Lil)b<s.»m, they di- Pdybius 
 reded cheir courfe to Africk, with two hundred and threcfcore ftiipt, and failing along the coaft 2vntrua 
 and fo netimes landing, they took many Towns and got great plunder. They effefted rothing 0"/'«^-4> A- "^ 
 of greater moment, being hindred of entring into the moft convenient Towns by the Cartha- 
 ginians who everv where met them with very good courage, having recovered whatfoever M. 
 Regulus had pofTclTed, and pumftied therevolters. For H^milcar having ranged through Nu- 
 mid-« ^nAc^UHrttaniu, had reduced and quieted all that Trad, impofing a fine of a thoufand °''''M' 
 Talents of lilver, anl cwcnty thoufand Oxen, and puniftiing the prime men who were thought 
 to favour the Romans, three thoufanU whereof were Crucified. But the enemies encounter .^.^ ,„ , 
 was not fo formidable to the Romans as their own ig„o«nrP in the places, and their dangers in pEmWrJ 
 the :ea . tor failing to cJ^ffj/w.f, an Hand of the Z,s/op^.?^i , near unto ciic WfTer <;jrii^^ they aum 
 itruck upon fh:'.llow places, the Tidi going out, and were detained till the ftiips being emptied of Poiybiu* 
 their burthens , were by the Tidecommg inagiin relieved from extreme danger. Having there- 
 fore efcaped fo great a diikefle, and fearing thofe dangerous places, without delay they failed -^"'"""c-i* 
 away as if they fled, not that no lefle a calamity attended them then what th y had avoided. 
 To P.ino'-m's mdeed tbey returned very fafc ; but in their Voyage to Jta/y^ as they failed about 
 the Promontory of PjlitHrus^ which reacheth out into the fea from the Lucanian Mountains , ®"''*''«f 
 a terrible iKnm arifing fink above threefcore great (hips, together wich many horfe-boats and 2}io'd(Jus 
 vcfTels Of Burthen. The City being exceedingly «rieved at fuch frequent loffe;, as if the very 
 windsand water denyed the Romans the Soveraignty of the fea, the Senate decreed that their ^'"'^''•',' 
 Navy fhould confilt but of threefcore(hips, for the guard of Italy and tranfportation of provi- f ";"^fy'"* 
 (ions to their Army in Sicily. NeverthelefTe this misfortune hindred not one of the Confuls Fj/^/.r^/w/. 
 C. Sempronius from his Triumph over the Carthaginians on the Calends of April, ten dayes af- 
 ter C». C orneliHs Proconful had made the like Triumph. There were Cenfors that year created 
 at Rome , but L. Pnfthurnitis L F. L.N. M'^ellus{\Nho was likewifc then Pretor) dying in his 
 Office, the other Cenlor D.funius D. F. D.N. Ter.% did alfo lay down his Office. 
 
 The next Summer C-ty^urcHus LF.C.N. Co't", ^^^T. Servi/ius ^. F. C».N.Gewl»ut 
 being Confuls, croffed over into Sicily, and amongft other Towns took Hime>a (upon the 5°' 
 R ver Hime ,) but void of Inhabitant^ whom in the night time the Carthaginians had carryed 
 away. Yet it was a great advantage to have the poffefTion of fo confiderable a place, and here- 
 by the Romans wiped away chat difgrace they had heretofore received at this City, for they had 
 ftiled of ihcirexpedationof taking this City (named [ikcwilc Therrn.t ) by the covecoufncfs 
 of their foulders. [^ For a certain Captive within the City, to whom was committed the cnfto- 
 dy of one of the Gates, that he might thereby recover his liberty, did upon an appointed night " """ 
 give admittance to the Roman Souldiers. who were fent to take polTellion of cheCity. Whm 
 the chief of them were enrrcd,- they deliring to ingrofs the richcft fpoils unto themfelves, gave 
 order, To have the Gates P^at agatn ani ko more men to be lee yi». Whereupon the Thermitai s 
 receiving an Alarme took arras, and the Romans by reafon of their fmall number not able to 
 
 I 2 ifefiflf
 
 6% 
 
 The Supplement of Livie, Book VIII. 
 
 Zonirss 
 
 Vrontinus 
 2ornrit 
 
 FJ.Mixmus 
 
 Livie J. 18. 
 
 Viedorus 
 
 Ztmris 
 
 tuvium. 
 
 Lh'ie Epiioaj< 
 18. 
 
 Tibula T^omi' 
 
 Vil Mmmui. 
 1.9.7. 
 
 Frontinus 
 Suuigemtt. 
 A- '• 
 
 Cafitolinx 
 
 502 
 
 Orcfiii 4. 9. 
 
 Vehbius 
 
 Ett'.rofius 
 
 relift, and having no reliefe from their Friends, whom they had fhut out, were rewarded accor- 
 ding to their Folly, beingevery man of them flain.] Himera being thus reduced into the Rotran 
 Power, ^. Aurelius theConfuU thinkethof befieging Lipara , which had been fo often in vain 
 attempted, And in order thereunto gathereth together the choiceft fouldiers they had in all Si- 
 cJy,and borrowing (hips of H/fre,tranfportcth them into the Liparaa» lland. From whence 
 having occffion to return to Mejjaiaa^toconiuk the Entrailes of Sacrifices, he deputed his Lieu- 
 tenant in the fiege his KinfmanP. Aureolns PecunioU (fome fay ^.C<«;^«j a Colonel!) with 
 order,diligencly to defend the Workes,but othcrwife not to fight at all : But he, not obfcrving the 
 Coniulls advice, and thinking it would much redound to his Credit , to take Z,»/»<Wi« in his ab- 
 ftnce^madean AfTault upon the City, and that tohisCoft; for, not being able to Mafter it, he 
 loft many men, and by a fally out of the Town had one of his Forts kt on fire, having alfo much 
 adoe to defend his Camp. But upon the return of Attrelius^ Fortune wheeling about, there 
 was a very great flaughter made at the taking of the City, after which he proceeded to the pu- 
 niflimentof theColonell, whom he commanded to be beaten with ftripes, and take pay among 
 the common fouldiers •, a very remarkable feverity, whereof he made fome other proofes in the 
 time of his ConfuUftiip. When Lipara was taken, an Immunity was granted to the Pofterity of 
 Ttwa/itheus (once Governour of thefe places) that they (hould for ever be free from all Taxej 
 and Tribute; wherein the Romans manifeftcd the conftancy of their Thankfulnefs, not to be 
 outwornc by time •, becaufe when the Pirates of Lipara had taken a Golden Cup, which they 
 had fent to Apollo of Delphos , Tiw/ifitheus caufed both it, and the Embafladours who 
 conveighed it, to be fafely conduced into Greece^ and the Men back again to 
 
 Rome. 
 
 The Romans afterward befieging ErEla averyftrongCaftlc, with forty thoufand foot, and 
 a thoufand Horfc , were neither able to take it, neither durft they fight with the Carthaginians : 
 For fince the misfortune of CM. Regptlus., the Romans ftood fo much in fear of the Elephants 
 that they alwayes avoided Battell, Oftentimes within the Territories of LUyhctHtn, and of- 
 ten in the SeiinttntUn fields,they have ftood in Battell-array about halfe a mile from the Enemy, 
 yet durft neither venture according to their wonted Courage, to begin the Charge , or defcend 
 into plain and open ground; but ftill kept themfelves in craggy and difficult places. TheGar* 
 thaginians hereupon erefting their Spirits, f feeing they now had Confidence in their land Army , 
 and knew the Romans had had greater lofles by tempefts at Sea, then themfelves by unluckie 
 fights, efpecially having intelligence of the Senates Refolution to fct out no more Naviesy con- 
 ceived hopes of recovering Sicilj., if they did but fend good ftore of land and fea-torces thither. 
 But their main impediment was want of Money , the late contmuall Warres having exhauftcd 
 their Old ftore, and eonfumed their new railed Taxes. They fent therefore Embafladours to 
 Ttolorr.j King of Egyptjto borrow two thoufand Talents of Mone^'. Tbe Kmg being loath to 
 offend either them, or the Romans { being both in League with him) offered himfelf as a Medi- 
 a'our of Peace between them : But notwithftanding all importunities he denied the Carthaginians 
 Requeft. faying. He Would willi«s'j- i^-J^ '^ rrtend agait^fi an Entmj.,but thought it mt fit to MJfifi 
 o. c f^irnd u^»ixjt another. About the fame time at Rome Z/^.CcrwwJdsw was the firft of the Ple- 
 beians who was created Chief Prieft. The fame year alfo Cenfors were created,becaufe the Duties 
 of that Office could not laft year be performed, ©ne of the Cenfours dying, and the other lay- 
 ing down his Comniiffion , M. Valerius M.F. M.N. Maximus Meffalla,nnd T.SemprO' 
 nius P. F, P. N. Sophus made the fevca and thirtieth Luflration. Two hundred ninety fe- 
 ven thoufand, feven hundred ninety feven Citizens were rated. This was a fad and fevere Cen- 
 fourftiip , for in taking a view of the Senate, Thirteen were degraded, four hundred-young 
 Knights had their horfes taken away, and made common ftipendarie fouldiers. This came to 
 pafs by the Complaint of (^. ^urdius the Confull, who informed the Cenfours, That in Sieily.^ 
 whett »eeti reejuirtd, heing ammatided to their Duty , they had refuftd to obey. TThe Confull, noc 
 content with this Revenge for their contempt of Difciplme, prevailed likewifewith the Senate 
 to keep back their Pay. And truely as times then went, the confideration of his feverity and 
 ftriftnefsof Difcipline, aswcllashis exploits performed , was occafion of his Triumph made 
 over the Carthaginians and Sicilians upon the Ides of April. The next year was fuller of 
 Threats, then aftton : For great preparations being made on both fides , and each ftanding in 
 fome fear of the other , the whole fummer pafTed away without any confiderable thing done. 
 L.Cacilihs L.F. C-N.Metelius , and CFurius C-F, C.N. Pacilus, being Confulls, 
 tranfportingtheir Legions over into Jid//, neither themfelves much provoked the Enemy , oc 
 were provoked by them , though Afdruball a new Carthaginian Generall was lately come thi- 
 ther with two hundred fliips, an hundred and forty Elephants , and twenty thoufand Horfc and 
 Foot, This bufinefs caufed the Senate to enter into Confultation of preparing another Navy ; 
 for the Publick Treafures began to be exhaufted by protrading the Warre, and fince the Misfor- 
 tune of At. Regulus, the Legions degenerated from their vvonted Valour , and though all things 
 fhould fucceed profperoufly at Land, yet 'twas manifeft , the Carthaginians could not be kept 
 off Si'ilj, fo long as they had the fovereignty of the Seas. Refuming therefore their former 
 refolutions , they began to put confidence again in their (hips , and with all care to trimme the 
 6IJ, and build new ones.In the mean time L.A^fctellus being left at 'P»»ormut^C.Furfus returh- 
 sd 10 Rome ^10 the chufing of the new Confuls, who were C, Atilius OH. F, M, N. Regulus , 
 
 and
 
 In place of Livie's Eighteenth ^oo\o ' 6^ 
 
 and L MuhHus AF. P.N. Vulfo, ro thele was committed the charge of preparing the Navy ^ 05 
 and men for thefliips^ i-.^cr*//*/ was continued in his Command, with Commiflion to manage Folyb.i.i^ 
 the War in Sialy as Proconful. 
 
 tAjiruhdl underftanding that one of the Romans Generals was abfcnt with half their forces , 
 and computing with himlelf, that though the Armies had long flood in Battcl-aray one againft 
 the other, the Romaas had out of fear declined fight, being now no longer able to bear the 
 complaints ot his own fouldiers who accufed him of cowardize, he drew all his forces out o( •Diedorut 
 LHjb'ium, and after a long and difficult march through the Selinuncian Territories, he invaded 
 thofe of Pjmormus and there pitched his Camp. It fortun'd, that the Proconful, with the re- 
 mainder of the Roman ftrength was then itPanormus to guard their AfTociates, nowharvert 
 grew on, in reaping and carrymg in their grain. He, having inteligence that fome of the ene- 
 mies fpies lay fecretly at Panormus, commanded every man in the City to meet together in an jomriK 
 Affcmbly, then giving order they (hould examine one another, and qucftion thoic who were 
 Icaft known, H^har they were, or what hufinefs they had iit '^inoxmMS^ found out the fpies and 
 feized on them. By them he underftood the enemies dcfigns, and obferving there was more 
 rafhnefs then good counlel in their expedition, pretended great fear, and kept himfelf within he 
 works of the City, that fo he might encreafe their foolifh confidence. Whereupon Ajdruhall _ . ,. 
 growing bolder, advanced his forces, fpoiling and burmng all the corn in the fields, and march- 
 ing up even to the walls of the City, The Proconful regarded neither the lofs fultained nor the 
 difgrace thence redounding, forefeeing that if he did a little longer forbear, the Carthaginians 
 would fufficicntly fatisfie him for both with good life. Above all, he thought good to expeft 
 till they crofled the River Orethus, which runneth on the South fide of the Town, and then be FUitUus Je 
 had contrived a fure and fudden Vidory. To efted this, as all other things were ordered to fig- '^^^ s-.tulis. 
 nifie his fear, fo he placed but few fouldicrs upon the walls, defiring that the enemy (hould not P^"'""^ 
 underftandeitherihecourageor number of his men. Thiscounfel fucceeded according to his '^ ^'^' 
 cxpedation, both the enemy by his confidence,and fortune by a fudden chance furthering the de- 
 fign : For yf/fi'-wid// Forded the River with hii Foot, Horfe and Elephants, and planted his 
 Camp clofe under the walls of the City, with fo much contempt of the enemies Cowardize, that . , 
 he pitched his Tents without any works of defence about them, thinking there was no need of 
 ditch or bulwark. 
 
 Thither the Sutlers and Merchants bringing great plenty of Corne and Wine , the Mercena- 
 ries drank ftoutly, and elevating their voices according to their fevcral diakds, in much noifc 
 and confufion gave good notice of their prefent temper, that they were not very fober. Then poijbiu 
 did the Proconful think the fitteft time to fend thofe his men who were ready armed to provoke 
 the enemy to fight, and it fucceeded fo happily, that Hill fending out by degrees frefh fupplies , 
 yi/(ir«^<e/'swhole Army at length came out of the Cam p. L.Caciltttt the Proconful placeth 
 part of the light armed men before the Trench, giving order. If the Elephants approached to 
 fiingihtir darts at them, and tf thcj {«u«d thtmftlv,, fere preyed to retire into theTrtuch, and 
 thenct: come out a^ain toafrepj eh.irge. The mean Artifltcis and common rout he commanded 
 to carry darts and weapons, and fling them over the wall that the light armed men Ihould not 
 want plenty of them. Himfelf with his companies completely armed, flood in Rank and File 
 within the gate over againft the enemies rght Wing. They who were already engaged fome- 
 timcs being overpowered in number retreated in good order, fometimcs being aflifted by fup- 
 plies from the Town did maintain the fight. When the Reftors of the Elephants defiring in 
 emulation to feem Authors of the Vidory as well ?is Afdrnbal ^ and advancing with their 
 beaib, beat back thofe who oppofed them , and rafhiy prelling upon them, (as they retired 
 toward the City) came up even to the Trench. But then a ftiower of Arrows flying from the 
 walls, and frefli light armed men affaulting them with Spears and Darts, the Elephants being 
 wounded began to rage, and betaking themlclves which way foever anger and pain led them , 
 turned upon their own men, trampled under foot,routed and difordei'd whole companies of arm- Prontinw 
 cdmcn, Sttv.1.5 
 
 Whereupon the Proconful crying , This is the time «/ the long look't for ViBory, iffueth 
 out and being frefh and in good rank had an eafie vidory over the confufed multitude of 
 the enemy •, there was a great flaughter made both in the field and in the parfuit, their calamity Pelybius 
 being encreafed by a fudden chance which one would have thought of advantage to them : For 'Dieitrus 
 about the fame time the Carthaginian Navy appearing at (hore, the whole multitude trembling ^owrw 
 and blind with fear, promifcuoufly ran thither as to the only refuge, in which hurly burly ma- 
 ny were trodden under feet by the Elephants; many venturing to fwim, and many too haftily 
 fcaling the fliips and tumbling down penftied in the fea. Neither before this time nor after it , 
 amongrt all their profperous exploits, had the Romans any Vidory more glorious; whereby 
 the Romans refumcd their former confidence and courage, and the enemy was fo difheartened ^^^^^ ^ ^ 
 with fear, that they caft off not only all hopes but all thoughts of a land Army fo long as that Qrofmi^.^ 
 War lafted, Zoiwm 
 
 Twenty thoufand Carthaginians are faid to be flain, fix and twenty Elephants were prcfently 
 taken, and afterward all the reft. For the Proconful thinking it hard for his ignorant men to 
 catch the beafts being loofe and enraged, commanded a Cryer by Proclamation to promife , 
 Liberti and fafety to any prifontrhjwhofe means the Elephants [hould ke taien; hereby laying
 
 yo 
 
 The Supplement of Livie, Book V 1 1 F. 
 
 ftomin. 
 Sirititem.i.T. 
 
 ZoniTis. 
 
 Orofut 
 
 Apfhrt apud 
 
 F uiviiim Hrf- 
 
 Ttutn. 
 
 Dio apuJ 
 
 Futvium 
 
 "Orfinum. 
 
 CkeroiiO& 
 
 T'tovyf ;pud 
 _ Fulu'um. 
 VrfiHum. 
 Liu.Iipi:,i8 
 Zonxris 
 
 Silius b.6 
 Cic. ieO^c 
 i 17 
 
 firftholdon thofe who were moft gentle and familiar, by their help they eafily brought in the 
 reft. L. LMere/lusi'eat them all to Rome, having invented a pretty way for their tranfpor- 
 tation ; for his {hips not being fit for the purnofe, he gathered and bound together many Hogf- 
 hcads, faftning a Rafter between every two that they (hould neither dafti together nor yet part 
 one from the other, then planking them over, fpreading earth and durt upon them, and erefting 
 wallsoneachfidein thcform of ltables,the Elephants otherwife very fearful of failing by water 
 entred them and were fafely conveigbed to Rhenium. 
 
 A-druball from this overthrow e'caped to Liljh£um})\it being condemned at CarthA^e while 
 he Wis abfent, and afterward upon his return apprehended, he was accordingly executed. The 
 Carthagin ans now conlidering their Armies were routed, their Elephants taken, all Sicilj\o9i 
 except Liljb<sitm^nA. Drepanut, that the Romans having again fet out a Nivy, were very potent 
 both at land and fea,- began to think of Peace, willing to accept of it on any tolerable conditi- 
 ons. Whereupon they rcmembred M.Re£ultfs ^nd the conditions he once propounded to them, 
 and perfwadcd thcmfelves that by bis means they might prevail either for peace or at leaft for 
 what they next defired,an exchange of prifoners -, nothing doubting but that for his own fake he 
 would effeftually interpofe himfelf in fuch a bufinefs : For what wnn can he imagined [0 chfiitiatg 
 as nottofreehtinjtlf from themiferies of aGaole, and dejire to fee his dearrfi relations, andenjitj 
 his Liberty^ Ccuntrj, Dignities and Honours ? M. Regulus hath a wife aad children at Rome, , 
 friends and l^mdridin the Senate and pfiblick^ offices ^ aCeufin German noVe Ctnftil, he is both' 
 j»ftchbel,ved by the Senate and people of Kome for hi<s former viUories, and pitied for hij affiiEli- 
 ens '^ if therefore he beareth any good rvill to himfelf, or findeth any refpeEi from his friends , »» 
 man certainly ^'ii'i be more earneji in profcuting, or is more likely by favour to 'ffeH: fuch a defign^ 
 He accepted the employment, not out of any hope or defire to do himfelf good , as afterward 
 appeared, but that hemightinperfonthc more effeclually move the Senate to have a care of 
 the Commonwealth. So being joyned with the Carthaginian EmbaflTadors, when he was come 
 to the City , he would not enter the Gates though much entreated by the Romans, alledging, The 
 Ciifiome of hit Country tt give Audieyice to tht Bmbaffadors of an enemy without tie City^ The 
 Senate being accordingly affembled, he amongft the Carthaginian Embafladors delivered his 
 Meffage, That himfelf alfo being by the iVar a ftrvant to the Carthaginians, had command freitt 
 his tJM.<[ters to propound chiefly , That the war may be Concluded upen what terms jhrnld feem 
 fit to both parties, or that at leafi an exchange of prifenert would be granttd. The EmbalTadors 
 prefently withdrawing,he likewife accompanied them ; neither, though he was carneftly folicitcd,' 
 would he be prefent in the Senate at the debate of the bufinefs rill the Carthaginians affented to 
 it. Then iuting lilent till his opinion was required,he thus expreffed himfelf, ' Ci«(cript Fathers, 
 ' I am ftili a Roman : my Body indeed, as Fortune would have it , is in the power of the ene- 
 'mies, but my Soul, not fubjed to Fortune, is fill! the fame. Following therefore the rcafon 
 ' of my Sonl, which is my own, rather then the inclinations of my Body, which is anothers, my 
 
 • advice is. You would neither exchange prifoners nor conclude a peace. For to rcftorc the 
 'Captives whilethc war conrinuathodiiadvantageous: They have no Commanders in hold 
 ' but my feif wfio am an old man , you have many, and thofe young, amongft which are fome 
 ' no way to be defpifcd. And to finifti the war, unlefs upon very ample terms, or without a 
 
 • complete univerfal ViAory, as itbecomethnotyour Wifdom, fo it is pernicious to the Com- 
 ' monwealth. I know you meet with many difficulties in managing the war^ for no great affairs 
 ' can be tranfaded without great pains and coil : But if you rightly confider the ftate of Car- 
 
 • th.ige, you will find all things tending to viftory to be much the better on your parr. We 
 ' were indeed once overcome in a great Batiel,whether it were my fault or fortunes ; but we have 
 ' fo often routed their Armies, that the crnfidence they had aflumed upon my overthrow is now, 
 ' by the Vidory at Panormus, prefled down to the utmof} defpair. They have lofl all Sicily , 
 ' except one or two Cities, and in the other Hands their condition is naught. You have a Navy 
 
 • whch they dare not encounter, fo that in that part of the war ye are alfo fuperiours. And 
 
 • the lofles ye have fuftained by Temped hath not bereaved you of fo much ftrength as it hath 
 ' taught you Circumfpedion. The want cf money perhaps is equal on both fides j but the Ita- 
 ' Hans are more obedient to you then are the Africans to the Carthpginians, whom as they ne- 
 ' ver truly loved, fo have they of late learn't to hate more perfcdly. For not being provoked 
 ' by any iuch injury they revolted freely to me, but now fince their former matters have wafted 
 ' their Grounds piundred their Cattcl, cxaded their Monies and flam their Nobles, what do 
 ' you think they can more defire, then that a new Army would come from hence int6 <i^\rica ? 
 ' But that your leavyes of men are eafie and large, that your fouldiers arc valiant , of the fame 
 « Language, the fame Mind, the fame Manners, Religion, City and Kindred, I take to be (o great 
 
 • an advantage, that if in all thinpselfeye were exceeded, this one only thing would be lutfici- 
 ■ ent to balance the war , and make the Vidory doubtful on the enemies fide , for what 
 ' help is there in a company of Mercinariesagainft fuch a force? and if there were any, the 
 ' Carthaginians have bereaved themfelves of it by their cruelty, and they have made it now as 
 ' difficult to hire ftrangers, asit was before to govern them. XamhippM to whom Carthage 
 ' is indebted for its preservation, having been fo ingratefully and treacheroufly ufed, is fufficient 
 ' warning to others how they lend their afliftance to fuch a people who know not how to recofti- 
 ' pence the grcateftdefcrt but by the greatcft injuries. Nay, the very common and meaneft 
 
 Bar-
 
 In place of Livie's Eighteenth ^oo^ 
 
 * Barbarians, a Brucifh and flavifh ibrc of men , will be deterred by Cruelties fo often cxercifed 
 'upon their Fellowes, who have been fometimes murthered by hangmen, or their fellow Soul- 
 •diers, fometimes expofed into barren and uninhabited Hands, receiving inftead of the pay 
 ' they hjve fought for , mod inhumane puoiftiments, and horrible deaths. And this Confcripc 
 'Fathers is my Opinion, that neither Peace is to be mide with C Art hage , nor yet an exchange 
 'of Prifonersgranted 
 
 This Counfell difpleafed not the Senate, if it could have been executed with the fafety of him 
 who gave it ; but the more he neglefted himfelfe for the Common good, the more they pitied 
 him, and manifeftly inclined upon any termes whatfoever to rcftorc fo Gallant and Generous 
 a Perfon to his Country. And \otcciwetegivea out, that feeing he rvat noiv fo happily reium- .. ._ 
 ed from fcrreifiri Captivity , he might la'tojultj t4rrj io the City , tr be detained there. TIk' fkrtilinEu- 
 High Prieftlikewife affirmed, that he might fiay,rcithoHt incnrring the guilt of Terjury. '^\ittnpim. 
 be to the Amazement of the Senate it felfe, with a fierce Spirit , and fevcrc Countenance, pro- 
 ceeded, faying , {■yhy ^d ye not refeive this doubt f follow my Advice and regard not me. Ye in 
 ' vain attempt that which will be neither pleafing to your felves, nor profitable to the Country , 
 ' nor honeft in me For fuppofe, for a while ye would be willing and joyfull to fee me amongft 
 
 * yoii, when once the (hort fpurt of this affedion is vaniflied, the Bafcnefs of my Return will 
 
 * make me more odious to you, then my abfence made me defirable. For my part I am refolved Euircpitu b.i 
 ' not to live in that City, where after an y^/V«V(»n flavery, I cannot maintain the dignity of an 
 
 ' honeft Citizen , and if I fliould defire it, my fidelity would hinder it, the remembrance of my *'''"' *>•* 
 
 * facred Oath would hinder it , and my Reverence of the Gods , by the Invocation of whom I 
 
 ' aflured the Carthaginians of my return. And fliould I forfwear my felfe , I fear that Revenge ""'^ 
 
 * would be taken not only on me, but on your felves , and the whole Roman People al fo. The 
 
 * Gods, believe me, are no vain things, and will not without Punifliment be affronted by the 
 ' Perjuries and Contempts of Man. If any one be of opinion that in Religion I may be abfol- 
 ' ved , that the bookes of the •^«^«r.f mention expiations of fuch crimes, and that Attone- 
 
 * menr may be made by Ceremonies and Sacrifices for Perjury and Treafon -, I would have him 
 ' undcr{\and the Ma jcft y of the Gods is more fevere , then being offended by Perjury, to be ap- 
 
 * peafed by any Inventions of Men , neither is it agreeable to Rcafon, that a Guijt contraded by 
 ' the fins of man , fhould be waihed away with the blood of Beafts. As for my felfe , I am not 
 
 * ignorant that great and exquifite torments are prepared for me at Carthage. But to deceive a 
 
 * truft , I chink to be worfe then all of them . for this would indeed hurt me , as for the Tor- 
 
 * nients they hurt only fomething about me. Think not that man miferable who is able to endure 
 
 * mifery. Slavery, Reproach, Contempt, Griefe, Hunger and Watchihg, I never yet eftecm- 
 
 * ed evill , bur now by a long cuftom they have left off to be troublefom to me. T hat they arc 
 
 * tollerable, I have learn't by luffering them ; and if once they be intended to that degree, as not 
 •to be born by Man, Death will quickly free me not only from them, but from all other Ca- 
 
 * lamities. Nothing therefore 15 to be feared for him who feareth net Death, which is cafic ae 
 
 * any time to obtain, and truety I bad inflided it on ray lelfc, but that i thought it the part of a 
 
 * man rather to overcome forrow then to avoid it. J have fpoken thefe few and confufed words, 
 'that ye may underltand lam not to be pcrfwaded from my Opinion, and withall that you 
 ' fliould not bewaile me as an unfortunate and miferable Man : My Refolution is eafy and con- 
 'Ihnt : 'Tis my care to return to Carthage, what I ftiall there fuffer I leave to the 
 •Gods. 
 
 'Tis reported that the more effcdually to more them he affirmed , that before he was difmif- 
 fed from Carthage, they had given him a gentle Poifon , "^hich by flow degrees feeding c» his vi~ Tuiitinu 
 tall fpirits, JJjould confume him after the exchange ^asmade. Wonderfull was the conftancy 'P"'* ■^S<iU' 
 of thisMan, who, rather then f)vervc from the Rule of Honefty, did with more earneftnefs pur- ""• 
 fuc Contumelies, Torments and Death, then others avoid them^ a true and profitable LefTon to 
 Pofterity, That thofe men only are prepared to endure any Torments, and are conftant in their 
 honeft refolotions, who have a fenfe ef their oWn nobility, and think therafelves borne not one- 
 ly for this world For certainly /./. Rigulus would not willingly have undergone fo great mifc- . . 
 lies, if he had not thought that after Death there are great Rewards for the Virtuous, and great ^2t^if 
 pun'ifliment for evill men. The Senate therefore having made a Decree according to the opini- an^ 
 on of M. Regutus, he with a fettled countenance followed his Sullen and angry Mailers, by whom "Dio. spud 
 it appeared that they would cruelly revenge the indignity of their repulfeupon his Perfon, info- F«'«- Hr^. 
 muth as many were moved to detain him againft his will. Moreover his Wife Marci^, and bis ^'>''"(^*f-l 1 
 Children making Lamentable complaints , the Confulls faid , if he tarried they would not deli- ^^1^'^ 
 ver him up , neither would they hinder his ^cing. So he refufing to difcourfe with his Wife, and Uvie Epit. 1 8. 
 avoiding the Embraces and kiHesof his little Children, was carried back to Carthagr, where with Au^t? de virit 
 criK'll torments he was put to death. For- cutting off his Eyelids,they kept him awhile in a dark ^j'"^ .'** 
 place, then in the heat or" theSunfliine they fuddenly brought him out, and forced him to lookup j^"^^ '5'"" 
 into the sky, at length they put him into a Wooden chelt (right over againit the Sun) {u\\o{ suius 
 nalesonthc infide, and fo narrow that hcwas forced alwaycs to Oand upright- if at anytime VdMixitnut. 
 he lean't on one fide • o eafe hi? weary body, he was pricked and goarcd With the nails, and lo in »• ' • '^■• 
 torment and continuall watching yielded up the Glioft. ^Aijuhm 
 
 This was the end of M. Attiius Regnlus, much more glorious theo his Life, though long led cLdeoff.t \j 
 
 with
 
 7^ 
 
 The Supplement of Livie, Book I X. 
 
 D.'fl. spud 
 Vdtpum. 
 
 ion ins. 
 
 Tuiitin.vf\xi 
 
 Agtll.6.^ 
 
 Diodrus b. 44 
 
 ViltfapAi 
 
 with great honefty and Honour : . He was a man of great Integrity of Manners, of an Invinci- 
 ble Spirit , and for his Counfell not to be defpifed. wherein neither his own nor after ages could 
 accufe him, but that he (eemed not very moderately to bear his profperous Fortune, and that by 
 denying the Carthaginians requell be was the occafion of the wars continuance for many years 
 after to th- great detriment of both Cities. But he wiped ofiF this his fault by his other many 
 egregious virtues, and chiefly by his wonderful conftancy at his death, being more happy in fuf- 
 fering calamitie then if he could have avoided it. The Senate hearing the news of his death 
 and the Barbarous cruelty of the Carthaginians , delivered up the Noblell of the Captives td 
 Aiareia and her children, whom they fliut up in an Engine thruft through with Iharp irons , re- 
 folving to put them to the like death zsRegulus had fufferedjfor five whole daies they hadnofood 
 allowed themj;, in which 5o^4r wkh grief and hunger pined to death ^ H<?»>//f<?rbeing ftronger 
 in body continued five dayes longer, fliut together with thecarcafle of Boflar^ with fuftenance 
 lufficient only to prolong his miferable life. Till at length the Magiftrates underftanding whac 
 was in doing, did reftrain their cruelty, commanding that the A(hes of Boftar IhouldbecoH- 
 vcighed into his own Country, and that the other prifoners ftiould be handled with more mer- 
 cy. Whereby appears a remarkable difference of manners in the two Cities, in that the one 
 being not unjuftly offended, norable with fecurity to offend, with horrid punifliments extin- 
 guiflied that virtue they ought to have reverenced ; the other mitigated a moft juft revenge hoc 
 regarding their own enraged grief, but the Rules of Humanity, and that moderation which be- 
 eom? th Illuftrious Empires. 
 
 
 ifffitfi 
 
 BOOK IX 
 
 PON the departure of the Carthaginian EmbafTadors the Confuls 
 having Order from the Senate to tranfport their Army into Sicily , 
 did very readily obey , being highly incenfed againft the enemy for M^ 
 Regulus his fake . and likewife provoked with emulation and conceiv- 
 ing great hopes from the Viftory of L. LMetiltus Proconful, For 
 tbeymeafurednotthegreatnefleof thebufinefle fo much bytheloffc 
 of the Carthaginians, who were much weakened by the lofle ofanAr- 
 ttlyh.t.^i •t'e'^SIPV^^B^^ my and fo many Elephants, but chiefly they were enceuraged becaufe 
 
 the fouldiers, having fucceffefully fought againft the beafts, did now 
 no more ftand in fear of them. And hopes were conceived the war might fuddenly be finiftied 
 if opportunities were not neglefted. The Confuls therefore with a Navy of two hundred ftiips , 
 andfour Legions failed to /'«>»dr»»«/, where taking in likewife the other forces and ftiips (unlefs 
 what were left for the guard and fecurity of fome places) they went to Lilybaum with 240 Beak- 
 Etymolcgicu in ^d fliips, threefcore Barks of a fliorter fize, called Cercmi^ and many other veffels of all forts , 
 KtpjtBf©-. with rcfoluriontomakean affault uponit. This is that famous fi ege of /.////-.trtw, which be- 
 ginning the fourteenth year of this war, lafted full ten years . and at length was ended , neither 
 wirhthefnrpnfeof theCity, nor with itsfurrcndry, but together with the whole War. Foe 
 both the Romans and Carthaginians well underftanding of wljat concernment that City was^. 
 either to the Guard of the AjncM Coaft, or the Empire of Sicily, did with all iheir might, the 
 
 one
 
 Injjlaceof Livie 's D^rjnetcenth "Bool^ ■ y^ 
 
 one affaulc , the other defend it. The Triumph of Z. yiivf//«T did lomewhat comfort the 
 
 City of if ewe, after their forrow for CM. Regulus , not onlj with the memory and conliderati- 
 
 on of their fucceOes , but with the fweetne(s of Revenge alfo CA/er focruell and inhumane a Pco- cdum.Ttium. 
 
 pie: He Triumphed Proconfull over the Carthaginians, Jie feventh of the Ides o{ ihieEph.i^. 
 
 September, thirteen of the Enemies Commanders were led bekre his Charriot, and a «reat ^''"'>J: * »••; 
 
 troopeof Elephants, even an hundred and Twenty • lorae reckon many more. ' Thefe being p'l^'^g f"^' 
 
 afterwards produced when the Games were celebrated, were chafed up ind down the {irrus with '" 
 
 fpeares headed with iron, that the People might accuftome themfelves locontemnethofe hearts 
 
 they had heretofore fo terribly feared. VirriHt Flaccm a.tirmes they wertall ilain, the Romans 
 
 not caring to make ufe of them themfelvcs, and thinking it no way for tie advantage of the 
 
 Common- wealth , to make a Prefent of fo confiderable a ftrengih toanyHnce. The fame w rirro-tKi 
 
 ycareCorn was very cheap at Rume , a buftiell for a penny, at the fame price wis folda gallon T/in.iS.j. 
 
 of wine, thirty pound of dried figgs, ten pounds of oile, and twelve pound (/" flefh. For 
 
 there was greater ftorc of thefe Commodities then of money, which by the longroncinuance 
 
 gf warrc grew very fcarce. While thefe things hapned at Rome, the Confulls in Sicil) affaulted 
 
 t.iljh<tum with all their ilrength , and the belieged as ftoutly refilted. The firft atternpt was 
 
 againftaTower , which flood farthert toward the Libyan fea, this being demoliflied , th?y did P'O'twi^*. 
 
 by degrees proceed to thofe which were next, till they had deftroyed fix. For the moreeafySat- 
 
 teringof the reft they began to fill up the Trenches, that they might draw over and plant thtir ^'"'•"''" 
 
 Engines. Though the labour were very great Cfor the ditch was threefcore cubits broad, ant py^^o^^j ^^ 
 
 forty deep) they did readily fet upon and diligently promote the work. The Carthaginians to londns. 
 
 hinder their delign, made holes on the infide of the Trench, out of which they caft the rubbidge '^'•■vitrus 
 
 again, but, the heapes ftill encreafing, and the ditch at length made even with the ground," (by 
 
 reafonof the multitude of Labourers) they changed their Counfcll, and erefted another wall 
 
 within the former : Himilco being at all Workes indefatigable , who befides tfie multitude 
 
 of Inhabitants in the City, had ten thoufand Mercenaries, and did byhiswifdom. Vigilance ^'hbius, 
 
 and conflancy elude and overcome all the Enemies force and Stratagems. He fuffered nothing 
 
 to be out of order among his own men , nor any thing to be fecureon the Enemies part j he 
 
 built Work againft Work, digged Mine againft Mine, oppofed Amies to Armes , fomctimcs he 
 
 ilTucd forth, fighting with fach refolution, that in thefe tumultuary ikirmilhes there were fomc- 
 
 times flain little fewer, then ufoally fall in fet Battells. 
 
 The Romans undermineing the Foundation of the Walls, Himilco made his countermine over 
 againft the place where he obferved the Remans tocaft out earth, and opening their Mine he 
 fent in forthwith a Band of Armed fouldiers, who kt upon the naked Romans bufie at work,and 
 flew a great number . and as many were burnt with brufh faggots (thrown into the Trench and '^"hUus.i. ^i 
 fet on fire/ while they appi^acK^j the Walls to heipe their fehowes. Notwithftanding feare 
 and confternation of mmd encreafed among a.. Wonpped.whercby fome Mercenary Commanders „ 
 taking advantage, and pretending want of pay, plotted to betray u.c criy to the Romans, no- poiyb"' 
 thing doubting but that they could eafily induce every man hisfouldiers to approve of the defign. ' 
 On a certain night therefore flipping out of the Town into the Roman Cam p,they declared the 
 ftateof the City, and what they had intended; Amongft the other Mercenaries at Z//;^rf«w, 
 there was one Alexon art Achaian, a Man not unskilfull in Mattiall Affaires , and of fingular In- 
 tegrity ; He underftanding the Traytors defign , without delay difcovers it to Himilco, Hi- 
 milco a» in a great and imminent danger , immediately fummons together all the Mercenary 
 Commanders who were yet in the Town, declares to them what was in agitation, and by whom, 
 and vehemently inveighing againft them, he exhorteth thofe who are prefent, n»t to become 
 faif'.tr: in the rafhni'is ami Tre^che^v of others, that perfifting in their Duty, they fjould find all 
 fair dealing from the Carthj^initns, their 'Pay Jhould be certain , and great Rewards moreovir 
 accumuldtea.that if they tainted themfelvcs with the infamous crime of Treafon, thej ^ould be 
 hattfull toGod and man ■, withall , as much money as in haft and fear he could at prefent raife, 
 he diftributcs among them, promifing that^himfelfe would taks care to fee tl^Commen fottldiers 
 fay affone as may be dif charged. 
 
 AnOrationmade in feafon, hath certainly great power over the Minds of men. cfpeciallyif 
 the gravity of the fpeaker be mixed with truth and finccrity to be relied upon ; Every one af« 
 fenced to what Hiw/ro fpake , and chearfully offered their utmoft endeavours to continue their p^/^j, 
 fouldiers in their Duty. H/wZ/ce commending them, and furthermore encouraging them with 
 hopes, commands evt^f one to apply himfelfe to his own (fomp^nys , and endeavour to keep thtm 
 in fiibjeUion: He fendeth likewife along with them HanMiball, thefonof Hannibally whofc- 
 rifhed in Sardinia , and Alexon the Aehaiun ; Hanniball to the Gaules , with whom he was ac- 
 quainted, and very gratious, by Reafonof his former converfation with them in the Wars; A- 
 lexon to other Marcenaries of feverall Nations , by all whom he was equally beloved. Thefe 
 engagmg their Words , that what foever Himilco had promifed [hmld be performed, fo cffeftuaJ- 2tnuAs 
 lymadeup the bufinefs, that the Traitors a while after returning to the Wails, were not onely 
 kept out, but beaten back with darts, and reproached for their Villany. So they returning to thi 
 Confullt without effefting their Defign, were ncverthelefs rewarded with Gifts, and Lad Land in 
 JjoVy bellowed on them. 
 
 Thusdidthefidelityof Altxon at that time fupporc the Carthaginian Affaires, brought aW^^^^
 
 7+ 
 
 The Supplement of Livie, Book I X. 
 
 Vioiorus 24 
 Polfbiiu, 
 
 Zmaris. 
 Orcpus 4. 1 
 Peljk 
 
 Dic/or. 
 
 Peljib. 1.4 J 
 
 Vhior. 
 Zontru 
 
 7)Uitrus 
 
 Zorursf 
 Diodirut 
 
 Pclfb 1.47- 
 
 Vieitrus. 
 Polfb, I .^6 
 
 molt into a defperate condition by th* Treafon : He had before likewife prefervcd the Agri- 
 gencines, whom the Mercenaries of «fjr<«c«/« had by the like wickednefs plotted to betray, and 
 therefore defervech to have his nie«iory and praifes recorded in Hiftory. 
 
 The Belicgedwcrc afterward^uch encouraged by the comcingof new Auxiliaries. For the 
 Carthaginians, though they v^re ignorant of what hapned at Lilyb^um, did judge it fit to car- 
 ry on affaires with much VijO'^'", therefore they commanded Adherhal the Admiral to provide 
 a Navy and convey Men . Money.and Corne to Lthjhatun. By him was fent Hannibal thefon 
 of Hamilcar^ who havi>^ a frefti gale of wind,from the z/E^ufaH Hands, failed dircdly into the; 
 ^oxtoi Lilybfium, his<n«n ready armed for fight, andrefolving to break through all oppofiti- 
 on.The Romans had.^om the beginning of the ficgc flopped up the mouth of the haven by finking 
 fifteen (hips, whicithey had for that purpofe laden with ftones, being therefore fuddenly over- 
 taken with the Znemies haft, and fearing left themfelves might by the force of the winds he 
 driven into the t*©",a place made unfafe for Navigation, they did not at all oppofe the Encmie. 
 Hannibal fa-^ly cntred the Harbour, and landing his men to the number of ten thoufand , was 
 received ii^o the City with very great joy of the Lilybstans. The Romans feeing they could 
 notprevrtit the Enemies Arrival, entredinto Confultation how to defend their Works, which 
 they tbjught Himilco would not delay to fet upon, having fo great a recruit of frefti fonldicrs • 
 neither were they deceived , for Himilce intending to make ufe both of his new ftrenght and ©f 
 the Courage of the others now revived, fummons all his forces together, and by hopes of Victo- 
 ry and ample rewards perfwades them to make afallie, andhaveing difpofedhis Companies as 
 the Occafion required, by break of day he affaulteththe Romans works in many places. The 
 Romans were provided for them, and where they feared moft danger had placed ftrong Guards, 
 with rhefc a very (harpe fight was begun, many fell on both fides, for they fought with great 
 Courage and Refolution, and the number of men was great on each part, nolefsthcn twenty 
 thoufand iffued outof the City, and were oppofedbya greater Multitude of the Befiegcrs. 
 For the Confulls having raifcd Auxiliaries from their friends in J'rV//;, were above an hundred 
 thoufand ftrong, whereof threefeore thoufand wereimploycd in the fiege, the Refidue being 
 fent abroad to bring in Provifions. The fight therefore being very hot in every place, the 
 fharpeft Contention was about the Engines, fome ftriveing to fpoile them,oiher to defend them, 
 with fo great Vehemence, that they fpared their own lives no more then their Enemies. A great 
 number of flainc men lay in that ftation where the Aflaultfirft began, the Clamour and noifc of 
 the Warriours,and Terrour of the Battel were much encreafed by another Company .which brake 
 ©ut, with links and torches, rufhing, through all dangers and Deaths.to fet fire on the Engines; 
 and the Roman foulders were veryneer giving place to the fiercenefleof the Encmie, as no 
 longer able to defend their Engines. But Himilct feeing many of his men perifli, and the Ro- 
 mans as yet nothing to remit of their Courage in refitting, foundprf « Rcticat, and went firft 
 out of the Battel. Neither did the Romans ?»•■'""• ^i^, ''C'Og content they had prcfcrved their 
 works which were almoft gi »»,ii rur loit. 
 
 The next night HamibaU, while the Enemy was weary after the fight, and obferved not his 
 Motion, fccretly ftole out of the Harbour with the ibips became in, aadwcnt to Adherkalt 
 at Drepanfit, carrying along with him the Horfcmen, who being of no ufe to the befieged in a 
 clofe place, he rightly judged might otherwife be better employed. Thefe making frequent ex- 
 curfions from Drepanut, infefted the high ways, obftrudcd the Conveiance of provifions, fur- 
 prized many forragers who ftraggled far from the Campe, afHided the Roman Aflbciates with 
 all kinds of mifery ,and very much confounded the counfells and defignes of the Confulls. ji^- 
 /i?fr^<i// likewife much perplexed them atfea, fuddenly falling fometirtie on the J'iciV/dw, fome- 
 timeon the Italian fhore, leaving nothing unattempted whereby he might mifchief the Romans. 
 Hence it came to pafs that there was great fcarcity in the Roman Camp, for they had almoft no 
 food left butonely the f!e(hof beafts, many died of Famine , and many more, as is ufuallin 
 fuch cafes , of Difcafes ; whereupon many thoufands periflicd , and therefore it was conclu- 
 ded that one of ^ Confulls with his Legions Ihould return to Rome to the Aflcmbly 
 of the People, that the other Beficgers might have the greater Plegty. After this the 
 Romans again with greater pains and deligence endeavoured with earth and ftones to ftopup 
 the mouth of the Haven, fortifying the Damme on both fides with ftrong pieces of timber 
 joyned together crofs-wayes, and faftaedwith iron Anchors, to conteine the heap of earth and 
 ftones from wafhing away : But their labour though great proved firuitlefs , for the fea 
 was fo deep, that whatfoever was flung in, was carried afide before it lighted right , and 
 upon the ariling of Tempefts , the Tide being vety violenl,deftroyed their Work. 
 
 But the very fame of the Work did for a time keep the Haven block't up, which very mucff 
 troubled the Carthaginians: that they could now by no means hold intelligence with their 
 friends, neither durftany man undertake to vifit the Lilybactans and give an account of theit 
 Condition, till at length one Hannibal firnamed Rhodius ingaged himfelf to enter the City, 
 and having viewed all things, to rcturne with a faithfull Account. The promifc pleafed the 
 Carthaginians : but they had little faith in it ; becaufe they knew befidc the heapes of rub- 
 bifh, that the Haven was watched and warded by the Roman (hips at Anchor there: But he. 
 having rigged a private fhip he had, failed to one of the Hands over againft Z«7;^<£//w, and the 
 next day having a favourable wind, at ten of the clock in the day time, openly ia the face of 
 
 the
 
 In place of Livie's Nineteenth ^oo{. 
 
 I 
 
 the enemy wondr ing at his confidence entred the Haven. But the Conful to intercept him in 
 his return, in the nighttime placed ten choice fhips on each lide the Haven, five as near the 
 mouth as might be. //dwm'^/j/triillin^inthefwifcnefs of his Veffel came out in the day time ^ 
 the Romans were ready in the expedation of him, and with all their endeavours fet forward a- 
 gainft him , but he was fo much too quick for them, that not contenting to efcape he moreo- 
 ver infulted over them, fometimesfailing,fometimes wheeling about as if he would challenge 
 ihem to fight. When he had often ufed this bold exploit, it proved of great advantage to the 
 Carthaginian affiirs, in that theBefieged were inhnitely comforted with mefTages from their 
 friends, in that at Carthage they daily undcrRood the Itate and progrefl'e of things at Lilyhaum 
 it occafion required, and in that the Romans were (o much aftiamed and madded at thcrafti* 
 nefle of the men which they could not revenge. He was much helped in his dcdgn by his know- 
 ledge of the Channel and the paffages thereabouts ; for between thofc Fenny and moorifli pla- 
 ces whereby is the pa(Tagc to Lilybanm , he diligently obferved a very fafeand furc c^ urfe foe 
 hisfhip. For when became from the main Sea within light of the City, he fo turned his (hip, 
 th«t the Stern of it was toward /frf/y, and from the Foredeck the Tower of LHjb^um which 
 was upon the (hore,hindred the fight of all other Towers toward Africa^ and this U the only 
 fafe way of cntring the Harbour with full ful. 
 
 And now many more being encouraged by the boldnefs aud fuccefs of Hannibdll, began to 
 correfpond with LUyhaum, till at length by a certain chance a vcflel of great fwiftnefs was taken, 
 for though in other places the Romans Dams were carried away by the winds and water, yet in 
 one place, where the Sea was fomewhat fliallow, they Hood firm; there the (hip (triking and 
 being detained was taken by the Romans, and being furni(hed with ftout fouldiers and good 
 rowers proved the ruinc of i/rf»««^rf/alfo. For having entred the City in the night time and 
 returning in the open day, hefpied this fliip every where waiting upon his motion, whereupon 
 apptehendingdanger.atfirlt he fled, but that being in vain, he made fome oppofuion and was 
 taken by the Romans. 
 
 The Romans being pofTefTed of this (hip, and obferving the fame courfe of cntring the 
 Haven, did afterward ealily hinder any other vcfTcIs from failing to Liljhaum. The Befiegers QigitmitA 
 began now very fiercely to intend their main bufinefs , and afTaulting one of the Works near 
 the Se?., drew the whole company of the beficged to defend that lide where the ftorm was made, 
 whereby opporrunity was given to other forces who were referved for that purpofe to make an 
 'affault upon the contrary part and take the outward wall; but this proved in vain , for the Car- 
 thaginian General feafonably coming with a fupply of choice men, beat the Romans out with 
 great (laughter. Another greater fortune gave the Befiegers hope of the univcrfal Vidory ; 
 there arole by chance very great gufts of wind, which as it were on fet purpofe blew hard upon 
 the Romans works, Aaking their very Rampircs, and tumbling down the Towers builctliereon. 
 The townfmen were not ignorant of tkis, and thought now an opportunity given them by the 
 gods of firing the Romans Engins, whicii il.cy had u often in vain aflfaulted. The fubftanceof 
 the Errgins Was very apt to take fire, having been long felled ana dried with the heat of the Sun. 
 The Romans were not flack in defending themfelves, but not to much purpofe, for the enemy 
 was direfted by the light of the fire which had feized on theEngines,and afl!fted with the (trength 
 cf the wind to caft their darts more furely and with greater force , the others received no left 
 hinderanceand danger thereby, then by the weapons of the enemies , for the wind being fierce 
 and againft the Romans blew (moke,and flame.and a(hes into their mouths and eyes.and brought 
 the enemies darts with greater violence upon them, whereas themfelves by reafon of darknelTe 
 Were uncertain whither to direft their ftrokes, and by reafon of the vehemency of the gults were 
 not well able to ftand. So that all the Roman Engines and works cither for digging of mines or 2)i«derue 
 battering the walls were every one confumed by this fire. 
 
 Then was all hopes laid afideof taking LilybaHm by force, and the (lege had been prefently Polybiut 
 raifed but that Hierd , fending plenty of Corn and provifion, perfwaded the Romans to (tay ^ oioUrut;, 
 where not intending to make any more ftorms upon the City , they did on every fide fence their ^"'Z^''* 
 Camp, refolving to commit the iffuc of things to Time and Fortune. The Befieged likcwifc 
 building up whac part of their walls had been battered, were now the more encouraged to en- 
 dure the fiege hereafter. Thefe news were very fadly entertained zt Rome , ncverthelefs they 
 determined by war to make up what loffes by war they had fulb.incd : and their refolution here- 
 in was fo immoveable, that, 'tis faid, a Senator was llain in the very Court becaufe he made men- 
 tion of Peace. 
 
 Great preparations were now made, and a new leavy of ten thoufand Rowers fent into Si- 'Zonxrit, 
 cUjt for they had fuflained agreat lofTeof them. TheConfuh were T.CtodiHs *y4p.F.C.N. . 50+ 
 Pftlchey, and L.funiui C-P- C.N. Pullus. 'lis falfely by fome delivered, that this ClotJitis was ,^','^j'/J;'' 
 the fon of Cacus. He, when he was come into Suily and had taken polTefiion of the Army at jpyj ^^/J* 
 Z/7y^<«w, afrcmbled the Souldiers together,and (harp. y reprehended the former Confuls, Tloat 
 by tloeiridhncfs and luxury thej had trifltd dwaj ttme before Lilybaeum more like men befieged 
 then be/iefers^ rvichout a>tj fruity andtothe it^eand difhoneur of thel^man C^'^ajel}y. He was 
 3 very crabbed (owr man, and being Violent by Nature , and Arrogant by reafon of his Nobili- 
 ty, he was apt to let fall Speeches and perform Aftions not well becoming a ferious fober man. 
 He was very levere in panilhing, letting pa(re no crime with pardon , but profecuting even the 
 
 K z very.
 
 6S -The Supplement of Livie, Book I X. 
 
 ery fmallefl with too great feverity ; Iiimfclf in matters of the greateft moment miferably fail- 
 in" even to madnefs. For he followed the former Confuls courfe which he had fo fliarply con- 
 demned in damming up the Haven,and(what argued greater folly) he ra(hly and inconfideratc- 
 pj J J ly artauking i:>refa»Hs loft a very gallant Fleet, no IcfTe by his own indifcretion then by the 
 
 valour of AdherhnU. He perfwadcd himfclf and h;s fouldiers, that the enemy not having in- 
 telligence of whatfupplies were come from Rome, might be unawares furprifed at Drepantts; 
 not believing that the Romans had either courage or ftrength fufficicnt to provoke them at fea. 
 DioioTus. So that making choice of two hundred and twenty of thebeft (hips with the ftouteft Rowers, 
 14.1 and moft valiant men out of the Legions ( for they offered themfelves freely as to a Ihort bufi- 
 
 Fo.yhm nefle and certain prey, DrepAnus being not above fifteen miles from Ul^hAv-m) he privately fee 
 
 Toiih. I. ^6 £^j| a{,Qm tf,g tjiird yVacch, and had in the night time a profperous Voyage, not being feen by 
 Pi./i.i. 49 ^1^^ enemy. But at day break the ftiips being difcovercd not far from Brefanus, gave an Alarm 
 to yidherh/! , becaufe liich a fight was there unufual, infomuchasno doubt was made but that 
 it was the enemy who approached ^ the Carthaginians were forced either prefently to encoun- 
 ter and enter fight, or to fuffer themfelves to be furroundcd and befieged by the enemy; this 
 latter they refolved againft, becaufe,aj it would have involved them in much trouble and danger^ 
 fo it would have been imputed as a crime upon their mifcarriage. Ad'jtrhall therefore on a liid- 
 den called together his Sea -men, and by a Crycr fummoning the Mercenaries to an AfTcmbly, 
 in a fliort but very pithy fpeech admoniftied them what hopes there were of viftory if they 
 would readily and chearfully take Arms, and what danger of a fiege was imminent if they de- 
 clined battel. When every man with one confcnt bad agreed to follow his counfel, ty^AherbixIl 
 commending their obedience, forthwith gives order that they (hould take (hip, andobferving 
 what courfe the Admiral fleered (wherein himfelf failed) to follow it. Whereupon he before 
 the reft faileth toward the main fea, going out of the Haven juft under the Rocks hanging ovcc, 
 it at the fame time when the Roman (hips entred on the other fide. ?. Qodim finding the ene- 
 my no whit difmayed, or declining fight, as he had hoped, but ftoutly prepared to defend them- 
 felves, was much troubled, and retreated back with his ftiips to encounter the enemy in the open 
 fcas. But his were in no good order, but as chanceably they had outfailedone another, fome 
 were entred the Haven, others were making toward it, and fome were juft in the mouth of ic: 
 Whereupon it came to pafle , that while they all endeavour'd tomakeafudden return, they 
 dafhed one againft another, and ftruck their Oars together, till being got out of the Haven as 
 well as they could, becaufe they wanted time, they ranged themfelves in Battel-array juft under 
 the ftiorc. 
 
 TheConful, who had failed in the Rere before, now changing bis Station, came beforeall 
 and placed himfelf in the left Wing ; but the Carthaginians failing by the enennies left Wing 
 With five Beaked ftiips, tacked about /acing the Romans, and had the open fea on his back , o- 
 ther ftiips as they came he commanded to place themfelves at a convenient diftance, and when 
 all were order'd according to his mind he fetterh forward agamft the enemy. And n6w fign of 
 Battel being e'"^" ^'^"^ '"^''' "-''^ Admirals they fiercely encounter on all fides, at firft with equal 
 c/eiww J4. » bopes but afterward to the Carthaginians better fortune. For though they had the lefTer 
 Ps.jiw J.5I. numberof ftiips, to wit, but ninety armed; in other refpefts they did exceed, for their ftiips 
 *were better and their water-men more skilful; they had likewife made choice of a moft conve- 
 nient place of fight, for as often as they were hard put to it they had free egrefTe into the open 
 fea, where they could cafily by their fwiftnefs avoid the enemy, or if he long purfued them, 
 return and encompafte him. But the Romans being fo near the fliore had not the like conve- 
 nience, they could neither fail into the main nor with fafety well retire, but as often as the ene- 
 my prefled upon them, they either ftuck in the fands orendanger'd themfelves upon the fliorc. 
 Being therefore unable to break through the enemy by force and charge him in the Rere, by rea • 
 fon of the flownefs of their ftiips and unskilfulnefs of the Rowers, and being cooped up in a nar- 
 row place not able from the Stern to help their fellows who were in danger, they were beaten 
 to the Carthaginians little lofs. 
 . , -To thefe ditiicukies was added another caufe of defpair from their Religion, and they thought 
 ciata'e nx- tbemfelvcs worlicd by the anger of the gods, becaufe the Conful undertook to fight contrary 
 xwiieorum to the indication of the Birds, adding likewife a Jear to his negleft ; for becaufe the Chickens 
 > ? did not eat, he commanded tfcem to be flung into the fea, that tkej might tlri»k^though they 
 
 fiorui 1. 1 1 9 j,,j„^/^ not feed. This occurrence made the fouldiers more flack and faint hearted, fighting, as 
 sutmTibtr'' '''^y thought, with the ill will of the gods. But the author of all this calamity, when he had 
 e.j, " * loft every thing eUe, he wanted neither wit nor boldnefs to preferve himfelf; for whenhefaw 
 Piiyhm his ftiips in fuch numbers fank and taken, hefliptaway between the ftiore and the enemy with 
 
 ttminm tiiirty fhips which flood next him. And that he might fafely arrive to his Army at LiljUum , 
 S;iat..i3i being to fail by fome of the Carthaginians Guards, he adorned his ftiips in token of Viftory. 
 The Carthaginians therefore imagining the Conful had been viftorious, and that his other ftiips 
 would fuddenly follow, fuffered him fafely to pafle by , being themfelves much terrified and de- 
 jeded. Theenemy took all the ftiips the Conful left behind, even ninety and three, togc- 
 EuirtiJ^ therwith the Souldiers and Rowers, except only thofe who ftriking upon the ftiore , caft them- 
 DieHrui'. fclvcs on land and fled. But in the fight a great number were funk; for ^/o^/V« brought above 
 14- « two hundred from LiljUum. This great vidory coft the Carthaginians very little, for they loft 
 
 not
 
 In place of hivk's U^meteenth^ooJ{, 6p 
 
 not a man.much lefs a ftiip.and very few are faid to be wounded -, of the Romans eight thoufand 
 men were flain , and twenty thoufand taken. 
 
 About the fame time likewife the Carthaginians took fome (hips laden with Corne from Pa- 'l"^"'- ■*•*•*• 
 norniHs , and carryed them to Drtp^nus, and carrying provifions into LU-^httum from theTcr- '" ""^ 
 ritoriesof Drfp<«»«/, did plentifully relieve the beficged with accommodation of ail fens. Nei- 
 ther here did this yearcs fortune make a ftop , but affliSed the Romans with another great cala- 
 mity, whereby they loft notonely theprefent poffeflion of the feas, but all hopes of regaining 
 it. For the other Confull L. Junius coming out of /r<«/ji with'many fhips of burthen, laden _,, 
 with Corn for the Army, and fifty beaked fhips arrived at Me^sn*^ where he met mith a great "^ ''■^' 
 number of other VefTclls, from the Army, and other parts of J/c«7jr. Joyninghimfelf with 
 thefe, he made up a Navy of an hundred and twenty long fliips, almoft eight hundred ftiips of 
 burthen, and faileth zo Syracufe. Being arrived thither, hefendeth the ^uefiers before with 
 part of the Navy to Lilybsum ^ himfcjfe remaincth at Syraeu[e , expefting thofe others from 
 iJHejfaria^ who Were notable to overtake him, and taking in grain which his Midland friends 
 btoughtdown to the fea fide. In the mean time Adherhall having fcnt the Roman (hips and 
 Captives to Carthtige (Fortune and Glory putting him forward to aftion^ delivered thirty ^JwJorjtJ 
 (hips more to Carthalo , who had brought feventy, with as many (hips of Burthen from Africa^ _ . , . 
 and fcnt him to drive out the Roman (hips from the Haven of Xj/j^^ww, or to fire or fink them. ^ ' 
 He at break of the day entrmg the Haven with great Terrour, fome (hips he boorded, and others 
 he fired, in the meantime H»»»«7coGovernour6f theCity, made a fallywith the Mercenaries 
 npon thofe Romans who went to defend the (hips , which caufed great fear in the Camp. 
 In fine Caftha/o having deftroyed not very many , carried away five, and direfted his Courfe to 
 Unaclea. Lying there in wait to obftrud; the Romans Voiage to Liljb<enm, he hcareth newes p'^r"' 
 of a confiderable Navy of all kinds of (hips failing by. V^iir. 
 
 He therefore joyning other Commanders with himfelfc, made up a Nav^ of an handred and 
 twenty good (hips, confiding in which ftrength, and animated by former fuccefs, he prefently 
 maketh out of the Haven to meet the Enemy. By the (hore of (7f/«/ the Navys came in fight ToljUttf. 
 one of the other , but the Roman Qoasftors fearmg a difadvantageous encounter, diverted their ^".y 
 courfe to Phintiadei ^ a Town in League with the Romans, ztPhintiades there is no Haven , pj^^^ 
 onely the rocks running out into the fea afford a pretty fafe riding for Ihips.Here the Romans lar- f »j;t,* 
 ding, prepared thcmfclves for the Enemies coming, having brought Engines ofoffenceoutof the 
 Town, and placed them on the (hore for fafeguard of the (hips. The Carthaginians at firft re- 
 folved to have befieged the Enemy , thinking that out of fear they would have fled into the 
 Town, and have left their (hips for a Prey : Bat when the Romans Rood ftoutly to their 
 own defence , and that they found the fight fiill of danger, likewife not much trufting in a place 
 fomewhat inconvenient for the (hips they dcfifled ; and having taken a few VefTcUs laden with 25,v»r» 
 provifion they failed to the Kivcr Wj/yf «j^ not farre diflant , there they healed their wounded Pfijb. 
 iBen,obferving the motion of the Enemy, orhcr writers following, I believe, '?hiU»Hs, af- ^-^^^ 
 firme , that the Romnns fujlnned greater lofs-^ that the ^^[torj l.;„g J»unteiat the firjl fight 
 ef the Enemj , in their flight to T'hintiades left hehinei their Jbips «/ burthen, and all ether Vef' 
 fills hut men of IVarre, that in the fight fifty round Veplli, and threefcwe long (hips virt funi^ , 
 4nd thirteen Jo fplirt and (hatter'd thit they were made unfit for fervice. 
 
 Not long after the Carthaginians (till abiding at the River Haljcus , L. Junius the Confull, "*^^*' *• 5^' 
 having done his bufinefs at Sjracufe,{M\r.g toward Lilybaum, about the Promontory of Pachy- 
 nus was difcove.ed hyiomtoi Cart hah his fhips, who thereupon with all fpeed makcsout 
 to meet him (being ignorant of all pafTagesat Phtmiadej) that he might fight him as farrefrom 
 ^uafitr's Navy as might be, left they (hould come in for his fuccour. Tlx Confull feeing the p^^' 
 Enemy make up toward him , not daring to fight , nor being able to avoid them, drives his 
 (hips into a rough and troublefome creeke, neer Camerina, a greater fear overcoming thisiefTer, 
 left hiswhole Army (hould fall into the Enemies Power. C<^-^<'4/o not daring to, venter into the 
 fame place, takesuphisfVacionat a certain Promontory , fromwhenceheraight equally intend 
 himfelfe agiinft either Navy. Awhile after, when the Winds blew high , the Carthaginian 
 ftiipmafters fskilfull in fuch Affaires) forcfeeing a tempeft, perfwaded C<«rr/i<»/o to forfake that 
 ftation andftcerc to Pachynns , and fo the Carthaginians , but nst without great paines, a- 
 Toided' the force of the Tempeft; But both the Roman Navys utterly perifhed upon the orepum: 
 Rocks , infomuch that of the whole (hipwrack there remained not a piece of board of any ufe, Foi/b. 
 excepting onely two (hips, wherein the Confull with the fmall remainder of his men arrived 2>/W*r. 
 at Liljh<ttim. All the (hips of provifion were loft, and above an hundred long fhips-, but Ew'^^PJ"' *• 
 p,utof the Armiewas faved, leaping into the fea and fwimming to (hore. The Senate, who ^^X '"^' 
 had lately called home P. (^lodiur the Confull, for his mifcarriage in Sicily, hearing alfo of fu- 
 nius his misfortune, gave over all confidence in the feas, refolving nevcrthelefs with alt their 
 ftrength andCounfell toprofccute theWarre by land. They thought good to continue the 
 fiegeof Lilyh<t:4m -^ appointing certain men to take care of conveighing neceffary accommoda- 
 tions in good fcafon, to the Army there. Though theCarthiganians wereMaftersatfea.yct 
 they were incouragcd, in that at land they were fuperiour, and that almoft all i'»<:<7)' was either 
 under their power , or in League with there : But they were not pleafed with their Confulls 
 this year, neither did they think that things would fuccecd profperoufly under the Confulls
 
 78 
 
 The Supplement 0/ Livie, Book I X. 
 
 CicerJc tin. 
 dear. i. j. 
 
 Liu/e Epitom. 
 
 Siietsn In Ti- 
 ter 
 Vi^i Cifitcni 
 
 Polj/b.i.^i 
 
 Qiceriemt. 
 deorwH. 
 
 yd.Mix.i.i.'i 
 
 Livi' Epi:o!ii. 
 
 fjjli Cipheli- 
 ni. 
 
 JP/tB.7.4?. 
 Vion. 3 6. 
 
 Zortirn 
 to!yb. i.f?. 
 /)«ioM4,i. 
 Ftlfb. 
 
 Viodtr. 
 
 Zomris. 
 
 Cicero dc nii. 
 deorwn. 
 Livius Vi'eri- 
 
 tAntiu 
 Auliin.de Civ. 
 Dei. 
 P/m.15.1. 
 
 Fafii Cipit. 
 
 ZoMTiS. 
 
 Violor iMSr. 
 i4. ipudvdtf. 
 Orcfms. 4.1. 
 TiZ/fr. I. 56. 
 
 Afpiiti. apul 
 Fulv llrfin. 
 
 guts. 
 
 eommand, becaufe they had profaned the Rites of Religion ; for 'tis faid that L. funitrs did 
 likewife fet faile negleding the Indication of the Birds. They fled therefore to a new and un- 
 ufuall Refuge, and created a Diftatour to go into Sicily •, 'whereas, before this time, never any 
 one fo impowcred, had led an Army out of /r*?/;. The Infolence of P. C/(jd««/ the Conlull 
 was then very notable , and almoli: incredible ; For being commanded by the Senate to nomi- 
 nate a Diftatour, he named M. Claudius glydas, who was either his Scribe, or one of his Ser- 
 geants,- as if he had not fufficientty offended hisCountrey,by what lofles he had brought upon 
 it, unlefs he had likewife abufed the Majcfty of the Empire with fuch a fcoffe. Whereupon the 
 whole Senate being juftly incenftd againft bim, he was forced to refign up his Office , and was 
 referred to the cenfure of the People. What Authors OVfro had read,report he was condeta- 
 ned but others have obferved, that whermo ^ue(iioy; was to he maie but that the People tvoulet 
 condemne him, he efcaped hy a fudden chance , a Jiorme then arifing which dijfohed the ty4ffem- 
 blji iyind it feeming hereby that the Gods interfofed ihemfelvcs, they thought not fitteordaitt 
 any other meeting for the purpofe. ^ut Glycias being forced todifclaim his Office, in that the* 
 City was afhamed to fee a man of mean ranke to be in Supreme Dignity, was neverthclefs ad- 
 mitted to all fpedades after this time in a Noble Man's Robes. In his room J. AtHins A.F, 
 C.N. Calatinus was nominated Didatour, who made L.C^cilius L.F. C-N. Metellut, 
 Mailer of the Hotfe, he who had Triumphed over the Carthaginians. Thefe two wens indeed 
 into Sicily , but performed no very memorable adion there. 
 
 In rhe mean time L. funius, much troubled at his crofs fortune, and defirous to wipe away 
 the blot of his fl-ii^wracke, by fome noble Exploit, Watching all opportunities of Adiion, didac 
 length find a way to take Eryx, by the Treachery of fome within it, whom he had corrupted by 
 gifcs and promiies. Ery.v is the higheft Hill m Sicily acepi <iy£tfta^ kkune beiwscn Panor- 
 mus znd Drtpatia, in that part of the Hand which lieth tov/irds Italy , being more craggy to- 
 ward 'Drfffiwa. In the top thereof there is a Plaine whereon ftandeth theTempleof Venus ^ 
 therefore called Eryciia, the Richeft in iWSicilj^ juftunder the Top of the Mount, in the 
 midft of the Aflent, is a City of the fame name, very hard to be approached unto, the way to 
 which with much difficulty is overcome by long and narrow paffages from the foot of the Hill. 
 L. J^Kwtw/ therefore well underftanding the nature of the place, appointeth a ftrong guard both 
 upon the Ridge of the.Mountain, and hkewife in the narrow palTages below,being very fafe him- 
 felfe, and havmg the advantage with much eafe to repulfe the Enemy. He alfo encompafled ty£- 
 githallus with a wall, and ftrengthcned it with a Garrifon of eight hundred men. But Carthah 
 landing his men therein the night time, ftormed thatCaftle, and rook and kilkd part of the 
 Garrifon fouldiers, others efcaped to Erjx. 
 
 The other paffages concerning L. funius are very doubtfully reported by Hiftorians, /»«« of- 
 firm he 'duas taken by Carthalo at <u£githallus : Olhers,that he i«/W himjelfe fearing to be con- 
 demr.ed for the lofs of his Navy. There is no lefs unccrcainty whether the Secular fports were 
 celebr.ited this year, or fourteen yeare' aft", wtien T . Cornelius Lentulus, and C. Licinius Va- 
 r«.fwereConfulls. ' I think it more probable they were celebrated this year, the fear conceived 
 from their late overthrows , and hope of better fortune, inviting them thereunto , if their Re- 
 ligion were diligently performed. TThiswas a very fruitfull year, infomuchas twelve pound of 
 oile was fold for an i^Jfis ; In the mean time the Diftatourftiip being expired, or tyitilius ha- 
 ving relignedit up, C. zyfurelius L.F. C.N.Cotta,iRi P.Servilius ^F. Cn.N gemi- 
 >»«/ were chofen ConfuUs. The Confulls were prettie fuccefsfull in Sicily ^ yet obtained no 
 great Viftory , nor reaped any great profit for the Common- wealth They kept In the Cartha- 
 ginians of LilybaumindDrepanum, that they could make no large Excurfions, nor fo often as 
 they had done, and took their Garrifons which were remote from the fea. Carthalo having 
 made many attempts againft them in vain, refolved at length towafte the /M/»rf«Coa(ls, that 
 thereby he might divert the Confulls from Sicily-, or if they refufcd to come back tofuccout 
 their Country, depopulate their grounds , and take Cities, But fortune did not herein favour 
 his defignes. For the Pratour being fent out with the City-forces for defence of theCouni 
 trey, compelled him to return to Sicily without effeding his purpo/e. 
 
 Where when the Mercenaries mutinied for want of Pay, he expofed many of them in barren 
 Hands, and fent others to receive their Puniftiment at Carthage. The reft being incenfed hereby, 
 began manifeltly to revolt, lo that a new warre was feared from them : But Hamilcar who 
 {uccteded Carthalo, coming in feafon, fetupon-themin the night time, flew fome, and drowned 
 others; the remainder fnbmitting themfelves, and begging pardon he received into Grace. This 
 is that Hamilcar firnamed B. treat, one of the beft Commanders Carthage ever bred, and indeed 
 . without cqm pare, but that Hrf«««^;i// was his fon. From this time the Warre began to be more 
 difficult on the Romans fide ; For having fuddcniy appeafed the Mercenarys, he failed to Italy , 
 and in very great compafs fpoiled the Locrian and Bru$.ian Tcrritorys. 
 
 But the Romans having found the faith o( Hiero King of Syracufe very conftant toward 
 them, and his merits great, freely remitted unto him that yearly Tribute they had in the form- 
 er League compounded for, and made a perpetual band of friendlhip and focicty with him. In 
 the interim //riro«7(r.»r being returned oij^ of Italy hndtdln the Panormitao Grounds, and pitch- 
 ed his Camp between Panormus and Eryxjtn a place by nature very ftrong , it is called EpeirHe., 
 an Hill craggy and full of difis on all fides, exalting it felf from the circumjaeerit Region to a 
 
 very
 
 In place of Livie's 0\Qneteentb 'Book^ 7P 
 
 vety great height ^ The top of it is not (harp, buccontinueth a plain of above an hundred fur- 
 longs, of a very profitable foil for the feeding of Cactel and bearing of Fruits, being open to 
 the winds from lea , and void of all harmful and venemous creatures. Therein is a certain 
 Hillock which fupplieth the place of a Tower,from whence may be viewed all the grounds round 
 about. Near it is a very convenient Haven for thofe that fail from Drepanus and Ltljhaum to 
 Italy, with ftoi€ of frefli water. There are three waycs of aftending this Mount,two from the 
 LandjOne from the Sea,but all very difficult and full of obftrudions. Here did Hamilcar plant 
 his Camp with much confidence having no confederate City near him, and being in the midft of 
 his enemies : But trufting in the ftrength of the place and his own courage and skill in Marfhal 
 affairs, he found the Romans work enough, and very well fetled the Carthaginian affairs, which 
 row began to fucceed well at home alfo. For another Carthaginian Ceneral,//*»«o,who had a j^j^i^^y^^ ^k 
 great emulation of H4»»«7f<jr's Virtue, to obtain honour , and employ the Army without the 
 Commonwealths coft out of the enemies Country, invaded a port oi LybiazhowzHecatomfj- -poljh.i.Ti 
 los, and having obtained the City, fcnt three thoufand Hoftages to Carthage-^ yet they had Dkiorus. 
 fomc alay of this their profperity^ For L. CaciliM L. F. (^. N. Mtitllus being thefecond ^ ^ 
 timeConful, and Num. Tahitu M. F. M- N Buteo being his Colleague , a Navy was built at 2oiiirii 
 the charge of private men, which wafted the Coaft of Africa. For though the Senate had a- 
 gain refolved againft fending out of a Navy, yet at the Citizens requeft they gave leave to have 
 one prepared, upon this condition. That they fliould fafely reftore thofe (hips which were builc 
 at the publick Charge, rcferving the prey to themfclves; fo that a Fleet was fee out verycon- 
 fiderablCjWhich bwught much terror and damage to the Coafts of Africa and afTaulting Kings: 
 Hippo, none of the meaneft Cities, they fired the fhips of Hippt and many buildings. In their 
 return finding the mouth of the Haven chained up, by art and counfel they dcvifed a way to ex- 
 plicate themfclves out of prefent danger , for failing with all the force they could, when they 
 came near the Chain, all the men retired to the Stern , and fo the Fore-Deck being lightened 
 eafily wafted over the Chain ; then fuddenly running to the Fore- Decks and deprefling thcm,the 
 Stern likcwife flid over , and they had free liberty of failing,having delivered themfelves from 
 imminent danger. 
 
 After this efcape, they fought with tfce Carthaginian Navy, and prevailed againft them. The 
 Roman Confuls divided thciF forces, L. Afete/lMshcCieged Lilybitum^ and Num. Fabius^lDrt- 
 p*num. Not far from Z)rf/»4««w, toward the South, lyeth an Hand, or rather a Rock, which culverm sicU 
 the Grecians call PeitM^ we Columbaria^ which the Conful ftormed in the night time , and flew Hx Mtiquie ».i 
 the Carthaginian Garrifon there. Hamilcar, who came to defend Drepanum, made no delay, 2eiMr<jii 
 bac at break of day fet forth to recover the place again, which the Conful obfcrving, being not 
 able to relieve his own men, with his whole flrength aflfaulteth Drtpanam, whereby drawing 
 Hamilcar fromhisieiign, t»'- »^-f' 'he Hand in poffeflion, and afterward made much advantage 
 of it in befieging Drtpanum, for he dammea up ii.^ «.„ , „j ,-^^,„^j j^ ^^ ^j^^ Continent • and 
 becaufe the Walls of the City were weakcft on that fide, he there began his aflauus. But the 
 encounters between Hamilcar , and thefe, and the Confnls of the following years, Poljbius Polib. i. $i 
 thinks impofiible to be defcribcd becaufe they were fo many, and judgeth it unfit , left it might 
 give an occalion of the like. For Hamilcar, having his Camp at EpeirCle for almoft three 
 years together, had almoft: daily encounters with the Romans, efpecially when their Camp be- 
 ing before Panormus was fcarce five fiirlongs diftant from the enemy. For neither did they 
 refrain from skirmifhing, having their Armies fo near •, Neither did they <ver come to the trial 
 of a main battel having many hinderances, efpecially becaufe their forces being equal and their 
 Camps alike ftrong , they were likewife on each fide protected by the vicinity of their Gamp, to 
 which the party worfted might quickly retire. Hence it came to pafs that as in fight fome were 
 alwayes llain, fo when the battel declined they had a fafe refijge to their Works. But while zmau 
 D«p<j»«»» was befieged. the Carthaginians Fleet infefted not only the Sicilian but the /rrf//<»)» 
 {hores- and Hamilcar plundering as far as he could, wiftcd the Italian territories even to Cttma. 
 Many of the Romans Citizens being fallen into the Carthaginians power by thefe incurfions, 
 and the 5'«(r«/»'«« fights, the Roman Commanders agreed with the Carthaginians for an exchange Pf/|6.i.^6 
 of Prifoners. which party received any overplus back, was to give two pound and an half of fil- Liw.n.ij.i 
 vcr for an head, and the Carthaginians receiving more then the Romans paid down the monyac Z»n«-<w 
 cordingly. , 
 
 1 find two Colonies planted in halj this year, one at ty£fulMm the other at tAlftum. There „ ,, . 
 was likewife a Luftration made at Rome f being the eight and thirtieth) hy A.tAtilitu A. F . gJicuM. 
 C-N- CaUtinMs, and A.CManliHsT. F.T.N. Attiau being Ccnfors; and there were rated two 
 hundred fifty one thoufand, two hundred twenty two, whereas in the former Luftration there 
 were found little Icfs then three hundred thoufand ; fo great a number of Citizens were confum- 
 ed by Warand Shipwracks. Neverthelefs the Sicilian army was duly recruited, thefupply be- 
 ing led by the Confuls /t/.0<!?'«x'«»« ^f.c^iV; Cra^ui (thefecond time Conful) and .^.F4- 507 
 bituCF.M.N.Licinus. Thefe had a very bufie and difficult warfare, but not being able to 
 difpofrcflc Hamilcar of his ftrong holds, they performed nothing memorable. Which happen- 
 ed likewife to the fuccceding Confuls for the fame reafbn , as likewife becaufe new Generals Zowrw. 
 ( being on the fudden every year eleftcd againft an old experienced Commander) fpent more 
 time m making their prcparations,chufing their ground,and infinuating themfelves with the foul- 
 
 diery.
 
 8^0 
 
 Fdfti.Cdpitol. 
 Sueien Tiber.! 
 ril.Mix.i.i 
 
 Livk Epic. 
 
 Suitmiu* 
 
 it Legibus 
 
 L.i.ffJtrS; 
 
 Senecidt U- 
 
 %he Supplement of Livie, Book I X. 
 
 diery , then was left for the management of Affairs. It was therefore this year concluded 
 (when the time of afTcmbling the people drew nigh) rather to cJufe a DiAator then to recal ei- 
 ther of the Confuls out of Mcily. Ti, CeruHcianus Ti.F. Ti.Nepos was chofen to fummon the 
 AfTembly ; he nominated for Mafter of the Horfe M. Fulvius ^F. M.N. Flaccus. In the 
 mean time the two Tribunes of the people, C. FurJanius and Ti. Sewpronifis appointed a day 
 for ClandU the daughcer of Afpitts Cactis to plead her caufe before the people, being accufed, 
 that returning from a Play, and her Chariot having noeafie paflage through the crowd of peo- 
 ple, (he let fall a wicked fp.ech, oh! that my brother Tvere ^iHxie again and had Command of the 
 Fleet. 
 
 Therewashardly any Noble Family in /f,)Wf but had had fomc relation to the Claadians,- ei- 
 ther by Cognation or Affinity, fo that (he wanted not Patrons to defend her, declaring, Z^e 
 Nobilttj of herhoufe^ the merits oi h^^\\ii her father, the frailty of her f ex \ that it vasathing 
 unheard of for a vcortian to be called into Judgment : Neither was now the caufe (o great why a 
 new cttfiomf^fhoyld be begun agair.fl Claudia, which had not by any plot or p'aSlice cffendtd the Ma- 
 jefly of the people, but only in a few words. On the contrary, the Tribunes alledged, ^^H'hatan 
 impious and execrable fpeech (he hath vented , ye are not ignorant, O Romans, neit'iCr is 
 there any need of Witnefs, flic her felf confeffing it; neither-indeedccn ftiedenvitif ftie 
 would.becaufe ftie fpoke openly and ih publick,not reverencing either theGods or the multitude 
 of Citizens round about her. When therefore the crime is manifcrt, why (hould we d'jubt of 
 the punifliment ? Have not the Laws made fufficient Provifion ? Or whik we read the Letter 
 oftheLaw, fliallwefuffer ourmindstobedeludedinthe Senfe of it. 'Tisobjefted, Thatit 
 is unufual thus to accufe a woman •, if it be fo, why it is unufual likewifc for a woman thus to 
 offend : Neither hitherto did our Commonwealth ever afford fo wicked and impudent a wo- 
 man. And we wifh that there were now no need of making a new Precedent,being defirous thaC 
 (offences being avoided) the Law might lie hidden and quiet, rather then be made ufe of a- 
 giinrt the guilty with a profitable feverity. But a City that intends its own eflabliftiment , 
 mufi; of necefilty obferve the Laws, which they of all men ought leaft to pervert who would 
 be efleemed the Princes and Pillars of the Commonwealth ; who being skilful in the Laws can- 
 not be ignorant, that though in moft of them there be no mention exprefly made of womcn,yet 
 in thefe words, 7f any One, and the like , both fcxes are equally comprehended. What wonder 
 is it then if we believe the Law againft Treafon to concern both fexes, feeing this very C/«^«- 
 </irf/ is an example that both fexes may offend againft it? Buc they Extenuate the bufineflie, 
 and would have the crime feemfmall,becaufe it was only in Words. What? this yet was 
 wanting-, ftiedidnot joynher endeavours, counfels and aftions with the Carthaginians; 
 flie did -ot rp.ile Troops, arme Slaves, fcizconrhe Capitol, no^-'a-yy '^'^hf errands effeft 
 that wickednefs againft the City which in worHc n,- -»t..«:aea ^ Notwithltanding this,the Laws 
 provide not onlv for the n>i-;'i""-"«- or JJeeds but of ill Counfels and defignes alfo ; if indeed a 
 mad maiT. ur an infant do hurt to any,the Law layeth no hold on tlieir adions: yet the mind and 
 inentior.s of others in many caufes is made asmanifeft by Words as by Deeds. She who made 
 fo deteftable a wifli, what would fhe have done if it had lain in her power to have brought it 
 to pafj ? Unlefs we defpife the Judgment of other men (which we have noreafon to do) 
 we fliall find that in other places wicked wiflies are accounted Crimes. At Athens, which for 
 reputation of Wifdom exceedeth all Cities of Gretce , there was a man whofe office was to 
 provide neceffary accommodations for Funerals, condemned, becaufe he wiftied he might make 
 great gains, which could not be unlefs a great nutnber of Citizens died : Yet thole words 
 might admit of a more favourable Interpretation. But (flaudia plainly, and without any 
 ambiguity Wiftied Deftruftion to the Citizens, Overthrow to the whole Army, and Calamity 
 to the whole Commonwealth, would my Brother were alive again\ A naughty wifti itis, 
 if flie had made it only for her brothers fake •, for why ftiould life be reftorcd to him by whofe 
 means fo many Citizens loft their lives ? who no leffe affronted the Commonwealth by his 
 Arrogancy, then he did afflift it by his Raflinefs ? who being by the votes of all men precon- 
 demned, avoided not the infamy of his judgment, but by accident efcaped the punifliment ? 
 Would you, if you were wife, have this man to live again, whofe memory if you could hide 
 in the fame Grave with his afhcs, it were your duty to do it? For as other Matrons do not 
 vainly glory of the Egregious virtues and merits of their Brethren, fo would he be a fliame to 
 you if any fliame or modefty be left in you. But let aNoble Lady be pardoned , though per- 
 haps foolifhly ftie hath defired her brothers company, if ftie did it out of any pious and chari- 
 table confideration. Yea , clearly abfolve her, if the caufe of her wifli be not more abominable 
 then the wifh it felf foolifti and infolent. For why did you wifli your brother alive again? 
 that yon might be comforted with the countenance of a near Kinfman, that his labours might 
 redound to your profit, his Authority be a proteftion to you, and his Flonour a grace ? None 
 of all thefe. And what then ? Even that he might command the Navy again : Thi«,this,wicked 
 wretch, was the reafon why you defired, as much as in you lay, to raife cheDcid , to reduce 
 Nature to its former habit, and unlock the Cloifters of the Grave that you might find a man 
 by whom we might be deftroyed ! This is the Woman, Romans, whofe impunity is craved by 
 thofewhowhile they approve tbemfelves good K'.nfmen, regard not thuuph they beelleemed 
 ill Citizens. And truly no man is againft it, that (according to their dellre) ye fliould have 
 
 ' mercy
 
 la J^lace of Livie's !JS(^m€teenth ^oo^. 8 1 
 
 ' mercy on her, had (he had any mercy toward you. But feeing (he hath wifhcd the death of 
 *fome, the grief of others , that they flVorid be childlefs and fatherlefs, nay, the genera! 
 'calamityof all: who will be fofoolifhiy tender as to judge her hoftilc, cruel , inhumane Icul 
 ' worthy of any mercy ? What great lamentations and complaints were made when theGen- 
 
 * fors upon the laft Luftration gave in the number of the Citizens ? Though many tilings thefe 
 
 * years laft pad fuccecdcd profperoiifly, yet good men thought the Commonwealth in no very 
 ' fafe or good condition byrcalon thenumbeu of the Citizens was fo much decreall^d. But this 
 ' woman nothing moved at the lofs of thofe who perifhed, therefore only grievcth bccaufe any 
 'are remaining. She complaincth of the two great crowd in the City, (he wi(hcth him alive 
 
 * by whofe fault chiefly the number of Citizens is fo fmall. But it may be faid. The woman 
 
 * her felf being indeed unworthy your mercy, will ye not yet pardon her crime for her Anceftor's, 
 ' for her Father's fake? Shall we then eRabii(h fuch a Law in our City, That if any man by 
 '■any means do good to the Commonwealth his pofterity (hall have the liberty to offend it 
 
 * without puni(hment ? Truly our Fathers were not of this Opinion, when they precipitated 
 */!/. tJJfa»/««/ from the Rock, whereas the Capitol, the Romans lail hope and refuge was, rot 
 
 * by his Father or Grand father or any of his Progenitors, but by himfcif defended from the 
 
 * Ganles. Forfavingor a/lifting the Commonwealth there ought no other reward to be rc- 
 
 * quired but the confcience of the fad: : But Appu4, if ever he did good to the Commonwealth 
 ' received abundant reward, being much inriched and full of honour, in which ftate he contina- 
 
 * ed flourilhing even to his laft old age. Though perhaps it were fafcr not to make any menti- 
 ' on of Apfnu and the former ClaHdii, then to put you in mind of thofe injuries , very high 
 ' and bold ones, which that Family ( from its firft Original never well affeftcd to the people ) 
 
 * hath committed againft you. For what Appius is it they vwould have you remember, but hirn 
 
 * who alwaycs with an enemies mind, eroding your delignes, chofe rather to pcri(h with his 
 
 * Army then be faved by his Colleague, being a PlcSeian.^ whoagainft the will ofalltheDc* 
 ' grces and Tribes perfirtcd in his Cenforlhip beyond his due time ? And n^ let them reckon 
 
 * up the merits of the (^laudian Family, even from the time of the Decemviri, or from the firft 
 
 * Original thereof, they (hall find matter whereby to prove this woman like her Anceftors in 
 ' pride and contumacy, rather then to make it appear ftie ought to be pardoned for their fakes. 
 ' What caufe therefore have thefe, or can any other man allcdge why this woman eught to go 
 •Bnpuni(hed, unlefs it be feared the City (houldloofe a woman of fo good example? of which 
 •opinion if yealfoare, O Romans,keep her, keep cr/.^«i//^ amongflyou- that when our Ma- 
 ' irons kneel at rhe feet of the gods, fupplicating them for the Commonwealth in time of trouble, 
 
 * /he may hinder their devout Prayers by her Curfcs ; that while they wifh for Salvation for our 
 
 * Armies, fhe may wifl. D»flruaion- while they defire to fee the fouldiers return fafe and found, 
 
 * (he may defire to hear they are y^u^^xa^. ^.,Dtivated andflain ; that while they folicite the 
 'gods that few or none may tall in bottd, Oie may repine aiiU«c«ura Providence if any return 
 'home. Keep the woman, that as other Matrons provoke and encourage their children and 
 'kinfmen, inemulationof Illulkious men, to Virtue, Courage and Love of their Country, 
 
 * (he may inftruft hers by the example of P. C tortus to fight ra(hly, to run bafely, wickedly to 
 
 * deftroy the Citizens,and arrogantly to have the Commonwealth it felf in contempt. Let her 
 
 * propound thefe things unto young Nobles to be refolved upon from their Infancy, to be pradif- 
 
 * ed in their Youth ; fo let thole men be educated to whom you mull hereafter commit the charge 
 
 * of your Navies and Armies. 
 
 Such fpccches being frequently vented Pro and Co», the People affembling in judgement, con- 
 demned her, in a fine of five and twenty thoufand pound of heavy brafs. With this and other -^ItH^.^o 
 fines," T. Sempronius the vE^««'f built and dedicated the Temple of Liberty. After this /!/» ^'^■'"*o''''^ 
 FatiHS M. F. M. N. Bmco and C. Atilms A. F. A. N. Butbus were made Confuls. ^ ^fn^^^pu^i 
 There was a Colonie this year planted at Fre^enta, a Maritime City of Etrttria^ nine mile? from ^,x,.,f Ep,t_ ^^ 
 ./^//>«?M whitlier one was led two years (ince. Thefe Confuls fought a very great Scabatteil, VAicmmt^ 
 theifTue thereof was profitable to neither Party, forthe Carthaginians loft amultitudeof (hips F'cni;,! i. jo 
 and men • And a tcmpeft bereaved the Romans of their rich fpoils: In Sicili^ affaires were 
 managed with the fame advice, and the fame fortune as the yearbeforc; The Romanshaveing 
 an hard task not oncly by reafon of the Craggineffe of the places, but of Htmi/car his bold- 
 nefTeand fubtilty in martiall ftiatagems, whereby he fo equally oppofcd the Romans, that he 
 not onely defended what places he had poffefTed, and by frequent incurlions vexed the Enemies 
 a(rociates both on the Siciliun &nd Italian C!oafts^ but minding other things alfo.. did every 
 where fupport the Carthaginian Power even ready to fall, being very induftroius, of a refolute Frmittus 
 minde, aiid of excellent judgement in takcing feafonable Counfells. Delirous therefore to S:r»t..j.io 
 relieve the Lilyhattans from fear and want, being more clofcly beiiged by land, hccommandeth 
 part of his Navy to appear in the main fca, as Iteeringtheir Courfeto Lilyb^tum^ which while 
 the Romans failed out to Encounter, heflipt himfelfeinto the Haven, with fome (hip>he had 
 for that purpofe placed where they could not be difcovcrd, and fo ftrcnghtned and encouraged ~ 
 the bcfieged with his prefence, and abundance of provilions which he brought. While the war 
 was in this manner continued in Siciiir, A: Aljuiim- T. F. T. N. Tot^/./ritui iyftricwani 
 C. Sempronius T.F. T.N. BL'Jhs being agatne Confulls, came and tooke charge of the Army. ^^^ 
 About this time the mannet of their war was changed,no: fo much as ordered more ciofely and iii p ,n^ <;<^,-,c/; 
 
 L ' naf-
 
 8i TheSupplem.ent of Livie,Book I X. 
 
 'Okvut. 
 
 nirrower bounds. The Rortans(ashathbce'i already aeclaredjhad planted a Garriion above 
 the City ^'•j'.v upon :hc Topof the Mountaine, another below at the foot of theHill. The 
 F<»/;6.i.jS. natural rtrength and fcituation of the place, with the helpcof thefe guards , feemed fufficicnt 
 to fecure tluc City from fear of any furprife, But the boldnefs and Valour oi Hamilctr, 
 makeing any thing poffible, which he lifted to undertake, inavcryftiort time reduced it into 
 hisPower. For he in the night time, fetcing forward with his forces, and without noifeafcend- 
 ing thirty furlcngs up the Hill, himfelf marching in the head of the party, furprifcd the Romans 
 Vhiomn.z unawares, and haveing flaine greateft part of thoie he found in the Towne, he fentthe reft to 
 D'-epa<itif». From this time the face of things was very ftrarge, and the warfare very hard and 
 fevere,for Hamtlcar being now in themidft of two of theEnemies Garrifons, was himfelf be- 
 fieged by them below while he befieged chofe above ; both the Romans and the Carthaginians 
 undergoing incredible paynes and danger, did for almoft two years next infueing performethe 
 office of moft Valiant fouldicrs -, For the Camps being fo neare there pafled noca day,nay fcarce 
 an houre without aiarmes and skirmiflies, reither party all this while fainted or yielded, 
 neither did Viftory or overthrow part them j but ftill they continued cquall and 
 unvanquiflied , defigneing in the mean time to profecutc the Warre at Sea al- 
 fo, 
 reiui.un.s. This year a Colonie was planted at Brundufmm^ in the Salentine Tcnitorlet^ twenty yeares 
 LivicEpit.19. after that Countrey was fubdued by the Romans. About this time T. C»r»««a««/, who was 
 the firft High Prieft of the Plebeians, died in a great old age, and in his place fuccecded L. Caci- 
 liui Metellus. The next Confulls were C. Fmditnias C. F, ^. N. Fundulus, and C. Sul- 
 fides C.F. Ser. N. Callus. . By them the war with H.«»wi7*dr was mannagcd in the fame man- 
 !^'^i o. ner, and with the fame fortune as before, onely the Mercenary Gaules, and others who kept Gar- 
 Zor.aris n\ov.\n Eryx , being difcontented for want of Pay , and other injuries, endeavour'd to betray 
 
 Potfbiiax.7. the City to the Romans, but not being ableto effeft ic,they revolted to the Confulls , and thefe 
 Tcl}3.i.n. were the nrfi; Forreigners the Romans ever entertained into fociety of Armes. Notwithftand- 
 ""^'^ ing tins aciefs of flrength, they were not able by their Land-forces to finifti the War, chiefly by 
 
 P ^ , J rcafon of tiamiicars virtue , wh j could neither be circumvented by craft , nor vanquiftied by 
 
 "H • •^^- Force. 
 
 Once rapre therefore they confulted about fetting forth another Navy to Sea • For by no o- 
 therr.-finescoulJ >LicCari.hagini:r^s be kept from Sicily^ unlefs they were maftcred by Sea.- 
 And they were much encouraged in their refolution, byreafonof their former fuccefs, when 
 the Navy wa? fee forth at the coft of private men : But money was wanting, the Trcafury be- 
 ing lonj ago eshaufted with Uie charge of a continuall War. Then did the Noble Reman Spi- 
 rit fcafor.r-.blvreheve the wanes of the Ccramon-wcakh, fo ger^erous. were the Senarours, that 
 in z time of publick danger t hcv fcornccl cc Ipare their pnv«e purfes, out of which -in the (ud- 
 den more mony was raifed then ri=« i,.-JJi..g 01 a Navy required. Tho)e who were ncheff did 
 every man undertake to build 3l ^ti guennje , fetting il forth compleatly manned andarm'dj 
 others according to their eftates joyned two or three together in the fame defign , upon this con- 
 dition, that when the Common- wealth was reftored to a better Condition , every m? n's money 
 (hould be paid back again. By this meanes two hundred (hips of fiveOarcson a .^ide were 
 made ready, according to the pattern of that Gaily they had taken from Hcnniball R'uodiur. 
 Great was now the expeftation of all men , for being put to their laft refuge , theyrefolved 
 J with this Navy of Neceffity to hazard the Fortune of the whole War. While thefe thing were 
 Lme Kpl:om. '" ''o'ng, C- ^tntttitss ('. F. C. N. Catulus, and A. Pojlhumius' J.F. L. N. Alhinui enter- 
 19. ' " ed theConfulfhip. c-4. Pti/^www was then Prieft of c;Tf<jr^, and therefore when he defired 
 TsLit x.7\.^. tocaft lots for his Province, L.Metelhs the High Prieft would not fuffer him, pronouncing ic 
 Vd.Mixmm unlawful! for a Prieft to depart from the place of his Office, and leave the Ceremonies unper- 
 '"/"rn "pfc/z ■ . formed, which was likewife allowed of, and agreed upon by fuccecding Generations. The Se- 
 8. n;;te likewife at the lame time (hewed a like bxamplc of defending their Countrey's Religion , 
 'iii:m for they forbad C. Lutatins the Confull to ask counfell at Premflt, and mannage the Affaires of 
 
 ■'ilMix.i.yi the Common-wealth by direction of outlandifh Auguries. Then intending their minds upon 
 the War (becaufe both the Confulls could not be fpared with fafety of their Religion, and one 
 Uvi' Epkom ^^^"^^'^ "^^ fufficient to bear the v/hole burthen j they ordained one of the ?r<crff«rj(this being 
 the firft year wherein they began ro create two) to accompany C. Lutattfss,ar\d it fell to the Lot 
 Euiiophif b.i of ij^ Valerius Falto. Thefe gathering together all the Publick and private (hips to the number 
 Xiidruj 14.;. of tliree hundred, with Ferry-boats, and other VefTells to the number of feven hundred ^ affoon 
 ?i/)iwi.j^. as Winter was over , kWed to Sicily ., whither being come, they find both the Li/jUtauaad 
 Brepamtan Havens open for them -^ For the Enemy not expeding any Navy from Italy, were 
 returned to Africa with all their (hips. The Confull animated with this profperous beginning , 
 being by nature full of fpirit, hating Idlenefs, and defirous of Adion, befieged Drepaomn, rai- 
 fing Workes againft it-, iathe mean time not omitting to train up his Sea-fouldiers, daily exer- 
 ciilng them (as forefeeing faddcn ufe of them in fight J infomuch as they who were utterly ig- 
 norant of Maritime Affaires and chances, feemed fufficientjy prepared for any Encouni 
 ter. 
 The City of D'-epjmm being fiercely afTaulted both by Sea and land, and now reduced even 
 7 ^.;jj. to tUe uEfflull danger, pare of their Wall being bauered to the ground j It chanced that the 
 
 Confulls
 
 In place of Livie's USQneteenth ^oo^, 83 
 
 Confiill Valiantly fighting in the head of his men, received a deep wound in his thigh ; where- 
 upon his Souldiers troubled at his fall, and running in to him, mifled the opportunity of taking ^"/'"M-'o 
 the place, when it was even almoft in their hands : Before the Confull had recovered the ufc of 
 his foot , newcs was brought of a great Carthaginian Navy approaching, to the number of four Eutroplut 
 hundred (hips, ftored with provifion for their Army, with a very great Hrength of fouidiers, F'orus.i.i^. 
 and abundance of Armes and Money. H<««««, a Carthaginian Noble Man, was Commander in p^i^i, , ^j^ 
 Chiefe; his chiefc care was to get fafeto£r;A:,eafehis (hips of their burden, and fo manning 
 them with ftout Souldiers from Hrf»»<7c4>-, to return and fight the Roman Navy. His defign 
 was well contrived , but prevented by the wifdom and circumfpedion of C. L-tatiui the Con- u-yic ix.t^ f y 
 full, who knew it would be of great moment totheVidory, to encounter the Carthaginians ' ' 
 
 while their (hips were heavy laden, and encombred with the burthen of their own provifions. 
 Therefore upon the Ides of March, filling his (hips with choice fouldier5,he faileth to the Hands Euinftut 
 ty£gatet, over ^giin[\ Ltlji-efim, where he difcovcrech H4»;»o coming from Hieronefus ; then "^ioio'us 
 encouraging his Sea-men and fouidiers he appointeth next day for the fight : But at break of p'',. 
 day he began to doubt, becaufc the wind was arilen favourable to the Carthaginians , and con- '^^^*'**- 
 trary to himfelfe.' Weighing then the Reafons on both fides, he thought it faferto fight with 
 the winds, and H<i»w while he was alone, and had his (hips laden, then fuffer him to pafs by 
 to unlade his (hips, and bring back into battell the flower of their foot Army, and alfo Hamil- 
 ear himfelfc, who at that time was very formidable. Ob!erving therefore the Enemies fhips as 
 they paffed by with full faile , he fetteth forth out of the Haven , and to encourage his men , 
 caufcth himfelfe to be carried into the Adnairall-Gally,having not recovered the ufe of his limbe : 
 figne of battell being givea on both fides , j^K Valerius performed the Office of Gene- E«"'<?'» 
 rail, by reafonof C.Z«f.«f(«j his infirmity, not fuffering to fupply the place. The fight laft- » 
 
 ed not long before it plainly appeared on which fide the Viftory inclined ; for the Roman (hips '^'•^■'•"'•''- •* 
 being light and nimble, did on every fide, at their pleafures alTault the Carthaginians , being hea- 
 vy,and almoft immoveable ; they were likewife in every thing elfe fupericurs, be.ng taught by ex- p;^^^ 
 periencc to avoid and amend whatfoevcr heretofore they had found inconvenient, and harme- rciyb.i.6t. 
 lull J Their (hips were built after the bcft fa(hion, they had carefully laid hfide all lumber which 
 was of no ufe in fight.their Rowers were lufty, and well trained up, and they liad a very confidera- 
 ble ftrength of Legionaries i All thefe were very great advantages towar.d the Viftory. On 
 the other fide, thcCarthaginian(hipswereheavy with burden, their Rowers newly leavied, and 
 their men negligent, as being in fecurity ^ for they had hoped the Romans would no more have 
 tried their fortune ar Sea. Thercfairc, a$ it muft needs be, where the difference is fo great , the 
 Vi&oty was not long in obtaining, the Carthaginians loft an hundred and twenty (hips, feventy p,^,^ _ 
 whereof were taken, with m ti.c men, to the number of ten thonfand, the reft upon an happie Ptijb, 
 change of win<u m the time of fight eftap^a .^ f/;,,.„,/-„^, j^is was that famous ba ttell at Diodom i4 
 the Hands ^x£^<^ff^as it is chiefly deicriUcU by P^/yhius. 
 
 For other writers affirm, that feventy three (hips were taken, an hundred and twenty five Eumpitu 
 funke, two and thirty thoufand men taken prifoners, and thicteen thoufand flain,the Prizes Onfius. ^.lo: 
 taken were very great, not only in Provifions and Amies, but in gold and filver alfo. Of the I""'"''- 
 Roman Navy twelve (hips were loft. Tis reported that from the beginning of the fight a fiery ^"""'^ 
 meteor wa« feen in the aire, threatning as it were the Carthaginian Navy with it's point direfted 
 againftit, prefignifying the event which prefently enfued. Hantto. with the reft of the (hips 
 which elcaped out of the Fight, except thofe which {[ed to LtlyUum, returning to Carthage, . 
 was put to death for this his Misfortune. C- Lututias the Confulwent to the Army before zmtri) 
 I,«77^rf««, where, while his wound was incureing, he fpent his time in takeing an account of 
 the (hips, and Captives, and ordering how they (hould be difmiffed. Thence he went to Orofm 
 Bryx , where he fought HtmiUur with good fucceffe, having Qiin two thoufand Cartha- 
 ginians, The Carthaginians at home underftanding what a great Overthrow they had received, ?oiyb, 
 though their fpirits were great, yet found that they wanted ibength and meanes, to renew and 
 carry on the War. For they were not able, fo long as the Romans were Matters at fea, to fup- 
 ply their Army at f^A-'with neceffary accommodations ; and, if that Army mircarried,they 
 knew not where toraifc anymore fouidiers, or find aCenerall they durft confide in. Being corncl.npos 
 by this Necellity driven into dcfpsir, they fcnt to //4w»7c^r, empowering him with full Commif- Himiku. i. j. 
 Cion to do what he himfelf (hould think fit or convenient for the Republick : He having hither- ■^''/*- 
 to performed the Otfice of an excellent Generall,did now no left behave himfelfe as a good Ci- 
 tizen. For having duely and feriouflyconlideredall arguments on both fides, when he found -^^^ ^ ^, > 
 there was no other means but Peace, whereby to preferve the Common-wealth • he fent Em- zuLrAf. * 
 baff<idours to the Confull to treat with him thereabout. The mention of Peace was not un- 
 wellcome to the Confull, for being now (hortly to lay down his Office, he could not by any 
 meanes hope for the obtaining of a greater Glory, then that, of having finiftied the War • and 
 to tranfmit that to his fuccefTour which was in his own power to accompli(h, and moft properly 
 belonged to him, he thonght both unfeafonable and unadvifed : He was the more forward, as ^»'/^' 
 being very well confcious of the wantsof the Common- wealth, and that bethought it fit his 
 Countrey, after fo many yeares continuall labour, (hould enj«y fome reft. Wherefore after a 
 long difpute of Articles on both fides , it was agreed , thnt the (^arthagirAans fljouU totally 
 Mipart Siiilj -^ that thty Jljsitldnot tragewar <ijf<a»«y? Hiero, utid the Sjracufans^or 4nj cf thtir 
 
 L Z Ajfo-
 
 H 
 
 The Supplement of Livie, Book I X. 
 
 Jifpi^r.KS spud 
 Fihvium llrp ■ 
 vtim 
 
 'FolfbX 17 & 
 *9 
 
 A^ocia'es •, thtt thej Jhoitld forthwith without ranfome rejlore a!l Captives , and deliver up aS 
 Runagadces ^ th;it they fhould in the [face of twenty years , ^y equal portions , pay two thou- 
 fafid txvo hundred Enboican Talents of pure fiver : That the confederates of each party 
 tnight live fecHre and ttntnolejied -, That neither party fhould exercife any command, or make 
 ay fnhlick. bHilding, or raife any fouldiers rvithin the others JHrifdiBion, nir admit the others ajfo- . 
 dates into friendjhip and confederacy. 'Tveas added, that iheje Articles were firmly concluded^if 
 the pecp/e o/Rome would agree thereunto. 
 
 But it could by no means be obtained ( though theConful earneftly infifted upon it) that 
 the fouldiers within £ry.v fhould refign up their Armesj H^wjVrar protefting, That he would 
 rather facri fee himfelf a»d his country to def}ruf}io» , then yield to fuch a difgrace ; Nevet- 
 thc-lefle he condefcended , That every man at hi^ departure thence fhould pay eighteen pence. 
 Hereupon meffengers were fent both by the Conful and the Carthaginians to inform the Se- 
 nate and People of the Conditions agreed upon. The people did not allow of the peace, 
 butfent ten Delegates to take an exad account of all circumftances , who being returned, 
 they heightened the Conditions , That the Carthaginians fhould prefently lay down a thou- 
 fand Talents , and within ten years after pay two thoufand two hundred, that they fhould 
 clearly ejuit not only Sicily , hut all ether llands between that and Italy , that they fhouU 
 not fail in a long pjip either into Italy or any of the Romans llands , nor hire any fouldier from 
 thence. 
 
 The' Carthaginians, fothey might have peace, refufed nothing; Hamilcar, before the 
 Articles werefworn unto, laid down his Command and went to Lilyb^um, and from thence 
 to Cartkige^ having approved himfelf, without comparifon , the moft excellent of all theic 
 Generals in that War, both in Courage and in Counfel. After this manner was managed and 
 finifhedthe firft Carthaginian War , which lafted for four and twenty years with various 
 chances and great lofles , but to the greater damage of them who at laft proved Vidors. 
 ■ For they who have made a particular Account , report about five hundred Carthaginian fhips 
 to have been loft , and feven hundred of the Romans , which is a great argument of the Ro- 
 mans Conftancy and Refolution , that, not regarding fo many lofles by fight, or (hi p wracks 
 Aiftained , they did yet with patience bear and overcome the power of th«ir Enemy, 
 the frowns of Fortune , the tedious labour and pains , and the poverty of their Trca- 
 fury. 
 
 After this the Government of C. Lutatius the Conful was prorogued , that he mi§hc 
 fettle affairs in Sicily • thither I ikewife wasfenthis brother one of tbenew Confuls, ^. Lu-' 
 tatius C.F:C.N.Cerco\ whofe Colleague was itA.'CManliusT.T.r.N. Tbefe did by theic 
 Wifdom order the Province , and fetled all things in peac^ and qu'et , defiding all contro- 
 verfies and taking away ail ranf».. or nuarrcis and tumni". which after fo great motions ani 
 alterations were "unavoidably remaining. They difarmed all the Sicilians who adhered to 
 Har»ilca^ , aslikcwirethe Gauls who had revolted from him -, furthermore the Gauls were 
 commanded to depart out of the Roman Empire, becaufe, befides other offences, when 
 they were in the Garrifon on the top of Mount Erjx, they plundered the Temple of 
 Venus. The Sicilian Cities according to their feveral abilities were forced to pay Tri- 
 ■^Pf"" butc and Cuftom ; and it was made a Province , whither a Pretor was fcnt to command and go- 
 
 vern yearly. 
 Eutrtpm b. i In the mean time EmbafTadours came from Carthage to intreat , They might redeem their 
 ^aptives, and by Order from the Senate they were all rcftored without Ranfeme, as many as 
 wereinPublickcuftody ; they who were prifoners to private men were redeemed at a certain 
 rate, the greater part whereof was by command of the Senate paid out of the Treafury. But un- 
 OrofiM. 4,10 lucky accidents at home did much diminifh the joy of the Roman people. The River Tihur 
 jiuiiin i< Ciw. did this year flow higher then ordinary, and filled all the lower parts of the City with large 
 Dci.18 Poolsof Water. Many buildings were by thefirft force thereof wafhed to theground, and 
 
 others, having their foundation rotted ( for the Inundation continued many dayes) after 
 the fall of the water , did much decay. 
 
 After this there happened a greater calamity by Fire , which fuddenly beginning in the night 
 time, and running through many ftrects of the City, deftroyed an incredible multitude of bou- 
 fes and men ; and, not content with private harmes, confumed all the buildings in the whole 
 Circumference of the Forum. At length it feized upon the Temple of Vef}a ^ but then Z. 
 C<e«»/««^ the Chief Prieft, feeing the Hc/y /A«V_f/ and fecret Pledges of the Roman Empire to 
 be in danger, behaved himfelf worthy of his Office , for he leaped into the midft of the fire 
 
 rJwte 11.41.6 
 
 Z'j irns 
 
 ro'fb. '.63 
 
 2in-f'S. 
 ;: vlum 
 /i.,H.ievins 
 lHuj. c.ii 
 
 Zonifis 
 
 Fiilyb.i6C> 
 
 Zor.iTis 
 
 Volyb.iM 
 
 Po')bius X.6} 
 Appiin.ifiii 
 Fulvi'.im Urf' 
 rum. 
 Pol)bi:i« 
 
 512 
 FifiiCiifitol. 
 Zonirtf 
 
 Ftljbius 1.7 
 
 VdlMix.^ 4,4 
 
 Vd.Max 
 
 Livifypit.i9 
 
 jiiifiin 
 
 Vlinie 7 
 
 4J 
 
 Vioryfius 1. 67 without any care of himfelf, fo he might but refciie the Hdy things which the Virgins had 
 forsaken and left behind them , which accordingly he performed. Himfelf having his Arme 
 half burnt and his Eye-fight fpoiled , befide the comfort he received from hi? good ad: , was 
 eminently rewarded by the people of Aowe , who Decreed, That as often as he went to the 
 Senate he fhould be carried in a Chariot,which from the Foundation of the City was never grant- 
 ed to any man before. 
 
 In the mein time jO^Lutatius the Conful, with his brother Catulut and ,9^ValeriHs 
 the Propraetor, having fetled affairs in Sicily returned home to the City and made each of 
 
 them
 
 In ff lace of Livie's J^ineteenth ^ooJ^ 85 
 
 them their Triumph; C. Lmat'ut c-tt!tl»s on the fourth of the Nones of OBoher, and .^ Trium. ci^hol 
 r^/?"/*/ on the day before the Nones of the fame moneth. There wns a memorable Itrife be- 
 tween thefe two concerning the Triumph of F^/mw; ; for Lut atias [i\s Triumph being with- 
 out difpuce agreed upon , 'Jl^V^Unas contending that his pains and labour were equal in the 
 Viftory defired thelike hoiouras he had undergone the like care and danger. Catulns on 
 the ocherfid; alledged, That the leffer authority fliould not be equalized with the greater in 
 thed'.ftrihucion of honours. 
 
 The qucftion being hotly argued, jQ^Faleritts challenged Catulus to fland to arbitration , 
 Whether or no the Curthagi'iian Navj were not overcome hy his condnU} Catulus refufed not 
 toanfwerhim; whereupon e^tilius cltttKHs was chofcn Arbitrator , who asked /',</tr«"«/, 
 ivhether the Confttl's authority or the Pretors ought to have prevailed in cafe thej had dijfented in yj^di;^ , « , 
 their conjultation about fighting ? and in cafe their Auguries had been different whether of the two VMer. Maxim, 
 eught to have beenfollarved ? To which when Valerius An{vfQTcA.,That in both cafes the Confnl's ar,- 
 thority ought to have prevailed above the Pretor's • Calatinus not expefting till Catulus fpake , 
 paffed fentence on his fide. But Q^Valtrins^ though he wascaft by the Judgment of the Ar- 
 bitrator, did yet obtain liberty to Triumph, his virtue and courage having been very famous 
 in that War. This year C. Aii-elius Cotta, and M.Fabius Butto being Cenfors , made the nine t,^;,;,- AutiXi 
 and thirtieth Luftration. There were nambred two hundred and threefcore thoufand Citizens; Eujeb.num. 
 two Tribes being fuperadded, the one called rf//«<? the other j^uirina, the number of Tribes 77i 
 was made up live and twenty, andfo continued. J'u//)' being now wholly fubdued, as much ^'WfEprt 19 
 as belonged to the Carthaginians, and peace with them concluded, all things feemed not only 
 quiet but very fafe and fecure ; when behold a fudden war, arifing from whence it was leaft 
 feared, did for a few dayes aftonifli all Italy both with the terror and fear of an Inteftine broil, 
 as likewifc with wonder at the fpeedy difpatch and ifTue of it. 
 
 The Falifci , I know not upon what account, grew fo mad as to rife up in arms againfl: the j. , • l ■ 
 Romans; but the Confuls beingfent with the Legions quelled them within fix dayes , and re- L/vieEpit. * 
 duced them to fubje ition. In the former battel, for 'tis reported two were fought, theVi- Poijb.i.ij 
 ftory was doubtful, for their foot prevailed though their horfe were routed. But in the latter Sonant 
 iheviftory being on che Romans fide complete, caufedthe Falifci to humble themfelves and 
 beg peace, having loft fifteen thoufand men : upon their yielding they were fined with the Oro^w^.it 
 loffe of their arms,horfe,houfliold-ftuffe,fervants and half their Territories. Their City in wfiofe 2miT^^ 
 ftrength they confided was tranflated from a craggy difficult place into plain open ground. The v»l.Mt%.6,^.i 
 people or Rome were meditating a more fevere revenge,out of anger againft a City which had fo 
 often rebelled, butreftrainig their wrath by the advice of Papyrius (who had written the form 
 of fuliiniffion by theConfuisown command) That the Tilikifubmittednot to the ToWfr but the 
 Faith of the Koman. . And fo tnnch did the faired „amo of Publicit Faith prevail with them 
 all, that they adjudged the conquered party lo no feverer puniflimel^c Uic, wa^ agreed upon 
 This war gave occafion to have this year ended with the Triumphs of the Confui? . Q^Lutatius 
 Triumphed on the Calends of March over the Falifci^ A, mianlius the fourth of the^Nones of ^ 
 
 BOOK
 
 Sd 
 
 The Supplement of Livie, Book X. 
 
 ltf/Bllf;llif. 
 
 Pfiiiiff fffiffifffiii 
 
 BOOK X. 
 
 ^gtl.iy.it. 
 i.ivie'7. i.6. 
 Cic. Brutt 
 €. iS.& Cato 
 
 Cafftdor.Cron. 
 Velleius i.i^.S 
 ■P/Jn. 18.19. 
 Ovid,Fift-i- 
 
 Ovid. Vittt de 
 ling. Citint. 
 
 Ovidius 
 Tmit.i.^^. I. 
 
 LivicEpit. 10 
 ruW.i.14.8. 
 
 514- 
 Fifli Capitoliiii 
 Marc.y*rro 
 tpui Cictr. 
 Brutoc. iS. 
 h'vie Epi to 
 Orefn(s,^.ii, 
 
 Zcmras 
 
 Simut Cipita 
 tftti F'ftnm 
 vece,fiTdi ve- 
 tdes. 
 
 Taly'bfAng bow once more at Peace within itfclfe, their publick Plca- 
 furcs, and Delights did likewife encreafe with their Power and fccurity.' 
 When the Roman Games were exhibited, C. Claudius A. P. F. C. 
 N. Centhe, and M. Sempronins C' ^- ^' ^' T»i%tAnut being Con- 
 fulls, L. Livius AndronicHs, in immitation of the Grarcian Comi- 
 dies and Trajedies, reduced the Stage Plays, which heretofore were 
 onely Satyrs into Fables , and feigned reprefentations. The fame year 
 -^v«r,«»«,*^ - likewife gave beginning to another fo« of iport. On the fourth of 
 the Calendsof Maj, the FUrali^ --« inft.cu.ed out of the '^'>^^^^.''7'^'=' *" f."*;' '^^, ""S 
 of fruits and plants then fpringing forth. L. -iJ ^. PnblictHs Malleolus, Brothers and ^diles 
 of the People did exhibit pubTick (hewsoutof the Fines raifed from Herdfemen who had fed 
 their Cattel on Commons. The Magiibacy of thefe Brethren was io another refpeft very me- 
 morable- in that theycaufed thatClift (which from them received the name of /'»^//ff<«/) to 
 be made plain and even, for the more commodious paflage of Carriages into Mount Aven ine, 
 whereas before the Rock in that place was craggie and almoft impaffable. They likewife builc 
 the Temple of Flora in the great fhew- place, 
 
 Thefe things were aded at home, while all things were quiet abroad, onely there wasafuf- 
 picion that the Gauls and Ligurians had a defigne for War. That thefe Provinces therefore 
 were afligned to the Confulls, and war then commenced with the Gauls, is rather a Conjedure, 
 then a true Hiftory, there being no antient writer extant which accurately defcribes thofe things ; 
 This one thing is Certain,that a Latine Colonie was planted at Spoletium in Vmbria. The next 
 year alfo 'tis eafier to fay, there was no Peace becaufe the Temple of ^<*»«/ was not fliut, thea 
 to declare where or with what fuccefle the war was managed. And the Confulfhip of ^ 
 (JMamilius ^ F. SI- N .And ^Valerius ^ F. 'P. N. is hardly knownby any other paf- 
 fage then that £«»i«/ the firft Elegant Roman Poet was that year borne. But the year after, 
 vihttiTi. Semproniui Ti.F.C. N. Gracchus UDd P. Valerius^ F. 7>. N. F<i/r» were Con- 
 fulls, the Gallick wars brake out again, and the Ligurians a new Enemy, were then firft invaded 
 by a Roman Army. This Province fell to the lot of y. i'f»>p«w(«/. P.Valerius encountred 
 the Gaules, at the firft with ill fuccefs, having loft three thoufand five hundred men : But , en- 
 iring fight again he obtained a fignall Vidory, wherein fourteen thoufand Gaules were flain,and 
 two thoufand taken But,by reafon of the lofs ful^eined in the former battel,the Conful was denied 
 the honor of Triumph,efpecial!y feeing his profperous fight was rather to be attributed to the For- 
 tune of the Common- wcalth,thcn to his wife management of the bunne^s.For after the firft fight, 
 underftanding that aftiftancc was comeing to him from ifowf, he (aid, he had rat',, r perl/h with 
 aU his Armj, then obtain fi£lory by the helpe of others ; and in this fury he caft himfelfe and the 
 Roman Army into the hazard of a battell. T Gracchus had better and more happy fuccefs, for 
 having overthrown the Enemy in a fet bsttell , he depopulated great part of. i.«^tt/»<<; From 
 thence he crofled over into Si/rtli»ia and Corfica, and bringing back a vaft multitude of Captives, 
 gave occafion to that proverb ofSardi Vsnales^ wh.crcby is fignificd any thing that is plentifull, 
 and at an underrate to be fold. 
 
 But
 
 In place of Livie's Twentieth ^ooJ{. 87 
 
 • But to confefs the truth, the Romans had at this time rather a good opportunity then a juft 
 caufeof pofTclTcing Sardinia zndCorfeca. The Carthaginians after the J'lViVww Peace, were 
 involved in a very troublefome war with their Mercenaries , and reduced even to the utmoft ex- ^oh'-^°i 
 tremity ; whereupon other cheir Hirelings, who were in a Garrifon in Sarainia , flew Bsffar the 
 Carthaginian Generail with all his men : Hamto being fent from Carthage to punifh their 
 Villany, they inveigled his Army into a fociety of Rebcllion,and apprehending him,nailed him to 
 thsCrofs,and havins^ fliinali the Carthaginians, they had poffefled almoft all the ftrong holds 
 throughout the Hand, till upon a falling out between them and the Sardinians, they 
 wereexpelled the Hand, and betook themfelves into /^.j/y. Then did they accomplifh that which Polfb.i.Sil 
 while they were in Sardina chcy could not, for at that time they had invited the Romans to the 
 Dominion of that Hand : But being now prefenc either by the importunity of their Entreatys , 
 orby plainly demonftrating what anoccafion wasoffer'dof encreafing the Roman Power, they 
 prevailed with them fo fail over into Sardinia. For it is a virtue of no ordinary ftrain, to ab- ^»'/&. i-^8. 
 ftain from other mens goods when they may with eafe be poflcfled, neitlicr can covetous or am- 
 bitious men well or long difTemble their greedy defires : But 'twill not be amifs for the better _^ 
 undcrftandingof this bufinefs , to relate fome foregoing circumftances. The Romans, that <y„//f!J„j_,_ g, 
 they might gain the Reputation of Humanity, did in the beginning of this Warre, very much cotmI. Nepos, 
 favour the Carthaginian caufe. And, though they fent them noafliftance as was defired, yet Hirniktr. 
 they rcfufed to ente*tain the Uticans, or any others who revolted to them : They commanded ^fP'*"- 'P"'^ 
 their Merchants out of J'«V»/jr and Italy to accommodate the Carthaginians with all necefTary fuIv. nrfm. 
 Provifions, prohibicing all traffick with their Enemies ; and gave licence of hiring men out of Zonjr« 
 Jtd'y for this war.They fent likewife Embaffadorsjthough in vainc,to compofe the ftrife : A little ^fP""* 
 before there arofe a controverfie , becaufe the Carthaginians had taken forae ha/ian Merchants ^In rls' 
 conveighing Commodities to the Enemy, and fecured chem in publick Prifons, and they had now ^ppj^n' 
 five hundred of them in chains, and having flain not a few, had call them into the fea to prevent Zcmns 
 thedifcoveryof the things whereupon the Romans declared themfelvesagrieved, and began ^oO"^- 
 to threaten War : But the Carthaginians reftoring ihofe whom they had in cuftody, fo pacified ■^f'"" ^"" ^ 
 the Romans, that they in anfwer fent back without Ranfom all other Erifoners taken in the Sia- p'oiyl^i.zS. 
 luMVfUT. Yet at length Ambition prevailed, with a defire to crufli that People,with whom they zo»4m;. ' •, 
 had for four and twenty ycares together waged war with various fuccefs, and forefaw,that unlel's ^p "« apud 
 in time they prevented it, they mult be forced to fight again.Whcrefore when the Carthaginians, f«'w«m Ur^- 
 ( having againft their wills loft Sardinia^ and now finiflied their war with the Mercenarys^ me- "'""• 
 dicated Revenge upon the Authors of Rebellions and Revolts, the Romans laid hold of this oc- P«i/6.i.88 
 cafion , and decreed, that tVar Jhould be proclaimed againft Carthage , unlefs they laid down their 
 Arrr.s, which they h:id taken up feemingly againft their Rebells , but indeed and really again fl^ 
 the RomaKS. Whereupon the Carthaginians unwilling in an unfeafonable time to undertake fo ^<"''"'** 
 g.e.t a War,i3ia not oi.ly <iult .Urf-- ..hut upon the Ro.i.a... a,c„-.„^^ ^Hded likewife twelve p,u6 
 hundred Talents of !il ver, to their former hne. 1 his injury did molt of all incenfe the mmds of Voijb. 1. 1*: 
 the Carthaginiaiis , and is thought to be the only caufe of that war which was loon after com- cmc'i. l.f,* 
 meoced, and proftcuted by Hanniball. For Hamilcars conftant Hatred of Romans (to which HmiUtT. 
 the fecoad Punique war is chiefly imputed) was notbyanyothermeanesmore hotly exafpera- 
 ted, or Uro'gly fomented. But thcl'ethmgs happened aftermrds. 
 
 In the mean time L. Cornelius L.F. Ti.N. Ltntulus Claudintts , and Q^Fulvius M. F. ^ 516, 
 r/^ifc/rfi being made Confuls had (7^«/onthis fide the To for their Province, That aCo- fiiyJiCdpw. 
 .lie was this year planted at rrf/?'i'«'«, though many affirm it is no conftant and general opinion, l^eikms i.i^.z 
 u ilefs there be another Valentia befides Vibo, which Authors of better credit affirm to have been , . , 
 peopled fifty years after in the Confulfbip of ^uintus FUminius and Cn.BcntitiHs tyEmbarbw. *-'"'' J5'40-f 
 The Confiils in C^///;?,. while they kept their forces united, hadafafe and profperous Expedi- Zowa 
 tio.i, "but after they had divided their Legions out of greedinefs to wafte more places, the Camp 
 of ylV Fidvins was in the night time affauked and very hardly defended. The Gauls departing 
 without effefting their defign, didiafterward return with greater terror having their forces much 
 augmented. For the prime men of the Boii taking counfel fecretly together, raifed a vaft power ^''/^ »■»»•' 
 of Tranfalpines againlt the Romans. In the mean time L. Ltntulus the Conful , who had 
 marched with his Army into the Ligurian Territories, obtained there a great viftory. It was 
 ordered therefore he lliould make a Triumph, which accordingly he did on the Intercalary Ides. 
 Some Authors report, 7"/;jt the(e Confuls were the firftwhe led the Roman army over the ^i^ffopin* 
 Po, a»d that in divers fights were /lain four and twenty thou/ands, and taken five thoufandsofthe f^'f'"[" •. 
 LigH'ians and Inluhrian Gauls. But I rather believe,that the To was crofled over and the Infu- ^^ ^igbZ^' 
 brians firft cncountred in their own Country in the next Gallick commotion. About this 
 time Embaffadors were fent to Ptolomie King of Egypt to profer him alliftance in his wars a- ^utrcpmbi^ 
 gainll A>::iochuj And the Symas ■, The King returned thanks, telling them withall. That he 
 h.id ntrv n<i need of tiftijlance inafmnch as the quarrel ^as compounded. After this Hiero came 
 to R'^me toihe great Joy of the Romans, who entertained him with all therefpeftas befitted 
 them to do , being a confederate Prince, having deferved much of them , and a companion 
 in tbei.'- greateft Viftory. He beftowed on the people of Rome two hundred thoufand 
 Buflicis of Wheat ^ he came to behold the fports which were prepared againft next year. 
 For according to fome Authors thelecular fporcswere celebrated in theConfulfhipof T. 
 
 ^crr.eliMf
 
 s% 
 
 The Supplement of hWie, Book X. 
 
 Fajli Capitolini 
 417- 
 
 2onirM 
 
 Fa^jh.i.tt. 
 
 ZOttiTH. 
 
 Vio, apad fa- 
 
 lepum. 
 
 Zoruras 
 
 Mirccl.n. 40. 
 VilMixim'M 
 6.1.1. . 
 Tifli Ctpiteli- 
 ni. 
 
 Zoiurjs. 
 
 Orojiiis.ii. 
 
 ©M. apud 
 gul. Urfinum 
 
 S18 
 
 ZOMTiS 
 
 Liv. ij.?4.ii. 
 C*pii Ctlumn* 
 
 f torus t. ill. 
 
 ti V.I. 19. J. 
 OofiUs 4. IX. 
 
 Cornelim L- F. T. N. LtntHltu Caudi/itu and C. Licinius P. F. F. N. The Mafters of 
 the Rcvclls were M. <^miUus M. F. ic M Livius M. F. M, N. S^lir.attr. In the 
 mean time the Boi in Princes , confideing in the mukitudc of Auxiliarys they had from beyond 
 the tyilfc!^ fent CO the Conlulls demanding, That ^riminum with it's Territories, -which with' 
 tut thuht of right belong'd to the gauls, fhould he refiored them, cthervife a tfrntle ^):d Df 
 JirrWive pf^^r *e«/^' enfae. The Confuls, having not drawn their ,forces together, durft not 
 hazard thofe few they had in the fortune of a Battel, neither could they confent unto the GanUt 
 iheirdemand, theyanfwered therefore, Thij Jhould fend Em^Mfadors totheSen.ite, to fiVKifie 
 their minds. The Gauls accepted of the condition, and a truce was concluded on for fome days, 
 while the Embaffadours could go and return again. The Ambaffadours at Rome received a de- 
 nial from the Senate, and greater preparations were made for this War, whereof there was 
 after.vard noufe, in afmuch as Fortune without the expencc of Roman blood put an end to 
 it ? While the Embafladoures returned, the Boians fought a fet Battel with thtit Tranfalfixe 
 Auxili^.ries, upon this Occafion ^ The Auxiliaries without the knowledge of the Boian people, 
 had marched as far as /^r«;»*»««,whence a fufpicion arofe, that their maine Errand was to, pof- 
 fefs that Territory themfelves ; the Boians therefore were fo enraged, that having flain their 
 Kings Ates and galatus as Traitours, they endeavoured by force to expell thcfe ftrangers out 
 of their Land, whereupon a Batteil was fought with much flaughter, and both fides being thereby 
 much weakned ; the Tranfalpines returned home, the Boians bought their t'eace of the Romans 
 with part of their Grounds, This war being ib quickly difpatched, the Confuls went into 
 LigHTiti: where P. Lentulw, having inafetBawcl Overthrown the Enemie, led his Array 
 through the whole Region, taking Caftles, fome by ftormc, fome by compofition. C. Lici- 
 nius intending to faile over into Carfia, not having boats enough to tranfpotc his whole Army, 
 lent M. ClandiHs <jly{ias before, with a Party ; who, being vainly arrogant, when he faw thac 
 the Corficans were terrified at his coming, without any refped to the Confull by whofe d:redion 
 he was fent, or confidcration of his own office afld duty, made a league with them, upon cerfain 
 Conditions, in his own Name ; thinking thereby to attain unto himfdfe the Glory of having 
 reduced thac lland.Buc the Conful following with the Refidus of the Army, forbore not to pro- 
 fecutc them with arniesCnotwithftanding they alledged in their own behalfe the Claudian Peace) 
 till he brought them into fubjeftion. The Senate to clear the Commonwealth from the Imputa- 
 tationof Breach of Faith, ordered giycias the Authour of that dilhonourahi; peace, to be 
 delivered up into the hands of the Corficans •, and they refufing to take him, he was put to death 
 in the Common Gaole. This year were Cenfours L.Cornelius L.F. T. N. Lentulw Caudintu 
 ^ Lutatsus C. F. C. N. Ctrco, who made noLuftration bccaufc ^ Cfrco died in his Cen- 
 fourfhip. For all Claudiut was delivered up to die Corficans, aiid tlien executed as a Malc- 
 faf^or, yet the Barbarians could not by anj""c«n. bciJcrfwaJed.that the Roman war afterward 
 was iuft againft i-l"""- Tf.cir minds therefore i>«<.s agrievcd With the memory hereof were 
 caniy cempced to break out in amies, \a imitation of their neighbour Hand Sardinia. For the 
 Carthaginians by fecret promifes had incited the Sardinians to Rebellion, who readily enter- 
 tained the motion, as not coo much hating their old Mafters, nor loving their new ones. 
 
 This news being brought to Rortte, filled the City both with fear and indignation , not thac 
 they much regarded Sardinia , but bccaufe they perceived the Carthaginian war would break 
 out again ; which becaufe they believed the fooner it was begun would prove the cafier j (The 
 Carthaginians having not well recovered themfelves fince the laft war) they refolved to prepare 
 themfelves, and commence itasfoonas might be. The Carthaginians, willing at that time to 
 endure any thing rather then a Roman war, were hereupon fo terrified, chat having once and a- 
 gain fent Embafladours in vaine, they did at length fend ten of their Prime Nobility, moft hum- 
 bly entreating , That thej mi^h enjoy the Peace they had obtained. Nevtrthelefs they could noC 
 receive any mild Anfwer ^ till //4»»o the youngeft among the Embaffadours, but of an un- 
 daunted mind, and a free tongue , replied , ^f yof are frcfhftorily determined to deny ut that 
 Peace which we have bought., not for a year or tvp, hut for ever, at leaft refiore us our price we 
 gave j:u, Sicilj and Sardinia : In private contraCts 'tis no henefi man's part, when the bargain it 
 made void, to receive his Commodities back^ and not return the monej laid down for them. Then 
 the Romans, being afhamed to fcem the Authors of an unjuft war, difmiffed the Embaffadours 
 with a better Anfwer. So one of this yeares Confulis C y^fe/««j A.F. A.N.Bulbtn (now 
 the fecond time Confull) remained mitalj , the other, T-tJUanHnsi T.F. T.N. wcntac^ 
 cording to h;s lot into Sardinia. He, in many places encountring the Enemy with good fuccefs , 
 appeafed the whole Iland, fubdued ihe Sardinians, and triumphed over them thefixthof the Ides 
 of March. 
 
 Thefe thing; being accomplifhed, and the Roman Armes laid down, as having no Enemy, 
 the Temple of ^^waj was (hut ; anunufuall fight in Rome, and not feen, after thedayes of iY«- 
 ma, for the fpaceof about four hundred and forty ycares. In which refpeS I account the City 
 of i?7»f very unhappy , that being perpetually cmploy'd in great and difficult labour?, could ne- 
 ver obtain the fruits thereof. For, whereas no wife maowagethwar but to procure Peace, this 
 Cicy after fo many and great warres happily finifhed, fometimes could not obtain : but never 
 could long keep Peace. For even then new Rumours of War, after a few moneths, were heard 
 
 of
 
 Jnj/lace of Livie's Twentieth ^oo\. 8p 
 
 of, which bereaved them of the fweetnefs of that Peace, which they had fcarcewell cafted of. 
 The Sardinians, who had lately been fubducd, (hake off the yoke, and the <.:ori;cans brake out 
 in Rebellion, and the Ligurians raifed Tumults, even in Italjix. felfe. Therefore L.PoJihu- 
 mitts ty4.V. A.N. ty4lbir,us and Sj>.Carvilius Sp. F. C.iV. LMaxiwKs being Confuls had order fkr.i. f. 
 toleavy new Armies, which being difpofedofinthree bodies to prevent the enemies from helping 510 
 one the other , L. TDfthutnim aflailed the Ligurians, Sp, CarviUus tbeCorficans, and P. Ccr- y 
 tseli'M was defigned for SardtKia. This Hand being of a very unwholfomc aire afflifted his 
 Army with the Plague and other difeafes, whereby many mortals with thePretor alfo himfelf 
 pcriftied. Hereupon the Sardinians grew bold and high, but were foon quelled after the arri- 
 val of Sp. C^rt'/Zi'/M in a great fet battel; the Corficans were likewife fubducd by him. For . ._ . 
 which exploits ic was decreed he fhould Triumph, as he did on the Calends of April.^ In Ligura c[thoi cl'iuM. 
 likewife affairs fucceeded well by the management of the other Conful with his -i^rmy. kt Zoncm 
 EomtTmia one of the Veftal Virgins being condemned of Inccft which (he h^ bafely commit- LmcEp;:. 
 ted with a flave, flew her felf with her own hands. After this C. yitiiins ^i.F: A.N. BttlLns ^-'^^i^^'*' Sco' 
 A. PojlhHmifis A. F. L.N. iyHblnui being Cenfors, made the fortieth Lufiracion. 'Tis pro- ''"' 
 bable the number of Citizens was this year leffe then heretofore (though I find not the number 
 recorded) becaufe the Cenfor, in order to the encreafe of Citizens, compelled every man to 
 fwe^ir^That he wculdfuarry for the Procreation of cbi/dre». Thisyear C«. i'vV't'waCarapanian 
 who had received pay in the Carthaginian war, did Hrft add Fable; to his Scenes. In the mean ^^^^ '"i'\'^ 
 time the Ligurians and Sardinians again rebelling, were allotted Provinces to the new Confuls; zonJa's^ 
 ^Fabius ^F.^N. Maximus VerrucofHs managed the Ligurian War, M.Ptmfonins CM.F. 520 
 
 M.N.Aiatho the Sardinianjwhereas it was reported,?"/;**/ the Ctfthd^iisii'.ns vfire thecaufe oft hit Ftfiicapiiol. 
 commotion, by private mejfengersjiirrin^ up the BiirbArians to Ribellien : There were Embafladors ^onurnis 
 fcnt to C4r»/)<«|f with very harfhinftruftions, To recjuire the tribute duetto commandthtm to uv- 
 Jtdin from all Hands under the Reman jurifdiSion , adding threats of war ur.lefs :hej petformed 
 vhat was ree^uired at their hands. 
 
 The Carthaginians had now fince their former calamities gathered ftrcngth and courage,chief- p-^ , j 
 ly by the induftry of Hamilcar^ who did not only reduce thofe who had revolted in Afi-ica ^ yjicfum. 
 but had farther extended the Empire : They had likewife by his conduft acquired great Domi- P0//6 b.i 
 nions in Spain. Wherefore they anfwcred the EmbafTadors roughly enough to all particulars ; CmtLta 'T{e- 
 but when they, according to their inllruftions, propounded to the Carthaginians a Spear and a t"'"^^^"" """ 
 Cadureus, offering them their choice of which they pleafed, they anfwered. That they would 
 chuff neither.^ but would accept if which foever the Lt^ates fhould thir,\^fit to leave behind. 
 Henceforward a cruel hatred began to burn between thefe two people, but neither party being 
 willing asyec to commence the war, they continued in a'(hew of fricndfhip, rather becaufe 
 they did not fight , then that the pea<.«. •,»«=, drrty 
 
 Both the Confuls, returning to Rome and declaring wii«nh«y v,aH done obtained leave to 
 Triumph. Jil. F abius bid iiiin many Ligurians in battel, and had compelled the reft 10 contain Piut-Filie^.^ 
 themfelves upon the Alpes, and made the skirts of Italy lecure from their plundrings. He Tri- ^Jf"^jTibui, 
 umphed over the Ligurians on the Calends of February. Upon the Ides of March afterwards iuuf\^l^" 
 Af. /'o»;foK«"J Triumphed over the Sardinians, whom he had overcome. Ncverrhelefe the Sar- 
 dinians did not abltain from War, but being by their loffes rather incenfed tlien broken , they 
 renewed the Rebellion with much greater ftrength. Therefore both the Conluls, /yl. Amilius 
 M.F. M.N. Lepidas and M. TebUcius L.F. L.N. Malleolus were Tent into Sardinia : they ■ 
 
 gathered together great ftore cf plunder and fpoil in that Hand, which when they carried over 2(,»;,^ " 
 with them into C«r^'fc-rf they utterly loft, the ] landers there taking it from them At home pdfb.i.iz 
 likewife there were very vehement tumults at this time,for C. Flaminius Tribune of the people cimo Bruto 
 propounding an AgrarianLaw, That the Picene and GuUick^ grounds which behngtd t'> :' e Seno.ies i\^^'J^ ^c*L 
 fhould be equally divided amon^fi the people. The Senate oppofed it, and not being able to per- ^'^y^^^'j , 
 fwade the Tribune by entreaties or threats, at length gave order to the Magiftrates to raife an " 
 
 Army for defence ot the Commonwealth •, F I ami nitu could not yet be drawn from his refulu- 
 tion, cbrtinateagainft all force, and inexorably by intreaties. His father likewife admoniflicd 
 him. To fubmit himfelf to the will cf the Senate , and not be t^eemed an author of fedition. But 
 heftillperfiftingin hisdefign, called an Aflembly, intending to recite ihe Law. Rutthenhis 
 father Flaminins in grief and anger came to the Pulpit, and taking his fon by the hand pulled ^^'^''^''^^*J"'^ 
 him away. 
 
 A wonderful Example was there fhown with what Piety and Reverence all men heldefteem 
 of the power of a Father : For he who had contemned the indignation and cruel threats of 
 the whole Senate, now in the heat of work ,in the view of all the Roman people , to whom 
 the Conftitution of Law would have been moft acceptable, (ufTered himfelf by the hand of one 
 only old man to be drawn down from the higher place. The Modefty of the All -mbly in this ^_j, ^j^^ 
 bufinefs is not to be forgotten, who though they faw all their hopes frullraced by the Tribune's 
 departure, did not by the leaft murmure ligmfie their difcontent at his fathers attion. Rut the cjc.c/'ifws- 
 Lawwasbythis means rather defcrted then avoided. ^.Carviliw ihc other Tribune allii^ing pud io/lpuiun 
 hisColleague, this as it caufed corruption of manners amongfl the Commons, fo it gave be- ^■trif. 
 ginning to that moft grievous Gallick war which brake out the eighth year after the divifion pjl^'^^y 
 of the grounds* 1 L f .. 
 
 M Aftrt
 
 po 
 
 The Supplement of Livie, Book X. 
 
 Zonsrti. 
 
 aplM. Mif- 
 vart. 
 
 'Humi.c.^^. 
 VtlMtximus. 
 
 Vion.z.i6. 
 Agell.n.ii. 
 
 Servil.Sttlpki- 
 
 us. 
 
 dedotibus tpud 
 
 Jgellium. 
 
 Cotumna Tri' 
 
 imphiles. 
 
 P/ia/eiy. 29. 
 10. 
 
 2tnxrii 
 
 PHjibm.ii, 
 
 Capitel, MiT- 
 mri. 
 
 ptlyh. ».8. 
 Vlon. »pud 
 Fu!vkm. ll'p- 
 rtum. 
 Foljb. 
 
 Dion. 
 Ztntris, 
 
 Jppiin 
 JUyr. 
 
 to'jb.t-A- 
 Livie XV 3 J. 
 'PdlybiuJ. 
 'Filfb.i.i. 
 
 After this M. Pompomus M. F. M. N. 2^ aim , and ^ . ta^irnts C. F. L. N. Mafo ■ 
 being Confulls, had for their Provinces M. PompomHs Sardinia, and C . Papirius Cerjica. In 
 both places the Enemies gave back, becakingthcmfelves into woods and craggy Mountains, de- 
 fending themfelves more by the fcituation of Places then byArmcs. Therefore M.Pcmpenius 
 feeing it morehard to find the Enemy, then to overcome him, caufed hounds to be brought him 
 out of Jtiily,viho by their fcent condufted him to the men, whom he furprized like wild beafts in 
 theirdens, and kennells. CPapirim, having overcome the Corficans,purfued them into the 
 mountains, where both his labour and danger was very great, and many of his fouldiers perifhed 
 either by thirft, or by the fudden incurfion of the Enemy , till having found water and refrcfh- 
 cd his Armyiihe Corficans fearing the Iflue hearkned to the Conful's counfel of lubmitting them- 
 felves. J 
 
 While thieConfuIs were detained by thcfeEmployments,a General Aflemblywas called by 
 cJW. IDuilius.CM. F. (Jit. N. who was made Didatour for that purpofe ^ he nominated 
 C- Attrelifis L.F. ^.N.Cotta for Matter of the horfe ; there were likewife Cenfours T.Manlitts 
 T. F. T. N. To'cjuatus, ^Ful-vipis C.-5}/. F. ^. N. Flacctts, but being not Legitimately 
 made.they refigned up their etticc. Writers doe to this year afiigne the Original of a new Cuftome, 
 not unworthy to be mentioned .There had been no divorce from the beginning of the City to this 
 time , Sp. Carvitiui Rnj^a firft of all difmiffed his wife becaufe (he was barren, being by the 
 Cenfours bound in Oath, to Marry a M^ife for procreation if ChiUrtn. The people were 
 much difplcafed not fo much at the Novelty as cruelty of the things, for wives being joyned 
 in a perpetual focietyof life, they thought itunjuftand inhumane for any caufe whatloevcr to 
 repudiate them. They likewifc ever after hated Sp. Carviltus though he was of neceffity com- 
 pelled by the judgment of his friends to difraifs his wife who was much beloved by him, and 
 very agreeab'e in her Manners. From this time there was more knots in the Law, and more 
 fuits in the Praetours Courts, then being invented the Marriage Cautions, of which cunning 
 there was no need before Divorces were inufe. Thisyeare likewife began a new cufiom con- 
 cerning the Honours of their Generalise C. Papirius perfwading himielfe he had performed 
 Aftions worthy of a Triumph (having now at length firmely fetled Coffica) and being denied 
 that honour by the Senate, he did toward the End of his Confulfhip make a Triumph in Mount 
 yf /^4« on the third of the Nones of March. It pleafed many to imitate this Example when 
 they were denied a Triumph to make one in the Albane Mount, henceforward he was prefent ac 
 all fports in a mirtle Crown in memory of the AAion, that he had overcome the Enemiein the 
 Mirtle Fields. All things being at quiet in Sardinia and Corfica, the Liguriansftillheld out,* 
 againft whom were fenc^. Aimilus L. F- ^. N. "Barhiaand M f>-^»s D. F. 1>. N, 
 PerarHatTi ConfulU. They,tn their March underftanding that th« Gaul« began to ftirre. entred 
 their Territorys with the Army. For thev b<-:"0^ — ^'"'^""^ provoked by the Flammian Law. 
 the Romans fearcfi uft t-Jng wariiKe , and angry men, they ftiould raile any Commotions ; ic 
 was tdcreibre forbidden by the Magiftrates to accommodate any Gaule with Gold or filver ; for 
 the Boians, and other Gaales by felling of flaves and other Commodities bad gathered a greac 
 bank of Money, and a fufpicion wasraifed, that it wasforaRoman War. Wherefore being 
 more incenfed, 'cisfaid that they underftanding the Confulls were defigned for Liguria, did in 
 private meetings conclude,while the Roman Armies were far abroad, to March up to and affault 
 theCityit felfe. But, being terrified with the coming of the Confulls , and not prepared to 
 make head againft them, they entertained the Romans with all fhcw of Peace and friendftiip, and 
 counterfeit Refpeds. The Confulls likewife being contented they had prevented the War, fain- 
 cd another caufe of their coming thither ; that through theGalUck^ Territoriei they might have 
 a more ccmniodions march to Li^uria. The laft year the Cenfours renounced the office • This 
 year therefore ^^Fabius ^F. ^^N. Maximus Verruscofus , and M- Sempr'mitis C.F, 
 M. N. Titditunus made the one and fourtieih Luftration, While thtfe things are ading in Italy 
 andati?9w« , a new war was occafioned with the lUyrians upon their ground. The lllyrians 
 cxercifing Pyracy, a cruell and greedy kind of theft, had taken many Italian Merchants coming 
 out of the Haven of Brundufium and had flatn fome ; at the firft the Senate hearing this, among 
 other complaints, did not much regard it. But the Pirates boldne fle encreafing by their impu- 
 nity, and complaints more frequently andearneftly made unto them, they thought fit to fend 
 Embaffadours, to demand fatisfaftion ; as alfo to plead the Iflxans caufe who had lately com- 
 mitted themfelves to the faith of the Romans; for they inhabiting an Hand in the ^««/\j» fea , 
 were daily profecuted with all manner of injuries by the lllyrians, from whom they had revol- 
 ted. C- & L. CcrHMcanii were fent on this Errand : While they were in their Journey, Jgrcn 
 (thefonof PlcumtHs) King of the lllyrians, called Ardyai , to whom thei-- meflage was di- 
 refted, departed this life leaving afon under age, byname Pinmus, and the Kingdom was 
 governed by Tfr^f^, Step-mother to the young Prince, with the advice of her friends .- She being 
 proud, and puffed up with Profperity, having given Audience to the Roman Embafladours with 
 fome contempt, anfwered , That Jhe rvould tjk.e cart that the Ron>anj Jhould receive no pub' 
 lict^ injury fromthtlllyriani; but that if^as net the cufiomof the Jlljrian Kingf , to prohi- 
 bit p'iv.ite ptrfons from malting what gain they could bj jea. (^oruncar.ius the younger could 
 not refrain his anger at this arrogant fpeech butufingan unfeafonable liberty, though notun- 
 Juft, replied , But 'lii a c»(iam with the Rcmants^ Teuta , to profecute private wrcngt with pub' 
 
 lick.
 
 In place of Livie's ^h(^ineteenth ^ooJ^ pt 
 
 lick vtfigtAnce, and relieve the injur' df art j ; and we will endeaveurj'j the ajj} fiance of the gods ^ 
 to compel j«u gladly andcjuickjj to mend and reforrttyonr Kinglj Cuftomr. The woman was a« 
 bove meafure offended at chefc words, buc, for the prefcnt, diflembling her mind, when the Em- f;„„, ^ , 
 bafladors were departed, fen: fome Pirates after them, who flew C"»r«>;c»i«»«^ the younger with ZcMins'. 
 part of his Retinue, burnt the Governours of (hips with fire, and clap the tcft in chains. Co- 
 Itmporus alfo the EmbafTador of the IfTians was flain by the fame Pirates. 
 
 The Romans underftanding thefe things, did ercd ftatuej of three foot long in honour of '^'"'"V" 
 Coruncanius the younger, and P. Juniuj^ and decreed war againft Teuta and the Illy rians. Ten- Fr'J'* ?*' 
 ta ignorant in government, having not learn't either by Rcafon or Cuftome to correft the Vi- 
 ce$ of her F'tminine wit, behaved her felf as timerous in bearing the anger of others, as (he had 2'"^'** 
 been headlong in provoking it. Having therefore intelligence that a war was preparmg againft 
 her, (he promifed, Tore/tore thife who were H'iJing, as for the dead, whom the Pirats had /lain j^. 
 without her cemmznd^ it Uj not in her fower toreflore them. This Embaflie (' though it of- 
 fered little fatisfadion for fo great injuries, yet becaufe the Romans hoped to compofe the Illy- 
 rian broils without a war) was entertained,only they required , That thofe who (lew the Embaf- 
 (adors (houid be delivered up to them. 
 
 The woman feeing the war, ftic fo much fear'd,to be deferred . out of the lightncfs of her „ 
 mind returned from fear to her former infolence, denying to deliver up any one^ and that (he p°" j'^1^ , 
 might confirm her words with as much fiercenefs inaftion, fendeth forces prefently to befiege Fajiicmfel. 
 JJfj. Whereupon the Romans thoughC fit to make no more delay, but fent both theCcnfuls 
 thither with land and feai forces; the Confuls were Z,.7'o//'^«wJ»; e-^.f. /^. iV. Albinus, and ^24 
 (^n.Fulvim C*i.F. ^n.N. Centumalus. C>». Fw/i/iw/ had the command of the Navy confift- p^/^Wm 
 ing of two hundred (hi ps ; L. Po/lhumius was General of the Legions. Then agAmTeuta ^ 
 being terrified, fent Dfwffrw PAi»r/«/ to the Confuls to crave Peace. And they agreed upon 
 a Truce, In c^fe the Illjrians would ^uit Corcya which they had lately poffeffed. The Ro- 
 mans being gone to take in Corey a, Teuta, as if all fear were now far firom her doors, returne<> 
 to her former counfcis, and fent Deputies to befiege Dyrr^chium and AptlUnia. Others re- 
 port , 7"^;«fCorcyra n>«« not furrendred with the confent of Tetita, bttt by the -private defign ofp^iy^,.^ 
 DemetriuSj who , knowing that hewas [ecretly accufed of fome crimes before Teuta, thought by pio. jpud 
 betraying that place he wot Governour of, to find a fare refuge andfroteRion amon^fi the Romans Fuhiumt 
 againfi her fury. Vrfmum. 
 
 The Illyriaii (Sarrifon was no fooner furrendred, but the Corcyrians by publick confent fub- M*'«« 
 mitted chemfelves to theRom^nc, /ccing no other means left for their fafety , buttobepro' 
 ceded agamlt the injure of the iHyrians by the power of fo illuftrious a City. From Cercjc4 
 theConful failed to iifpo/ton., ^^I^^^e he met L.Tofihtimitu harins wafted over his Army 
 {rova BrHridufium which confifted or lvw..., .v..,^,^^ foot and two thoufand horfe. Th<i 
 Apolloniatae greedily entertamed the Remans, and committea uitni«.i,^-.o rhf-irPaith' This 
 being relieved they went to Dyrraehium, which prefently became the Romans : The Illynans 
 who had began the fiege thereof, runningaway for fear upon the firfl intelligence of theCon- 
 ful's coming. With the fame haftalfo the Ardyxi wcrefojrcedinto fubjedion, andErabaffa- 
 dors came from divers Nations of the fartheft lilyrinm with promife, To obey their commands 
 if thty might be admitted into Friendfhip ; in which number were the Parthini and Afintanes. jippi^ 
 Z)fOT«r»«/ fA.fr/w/ wasa great help and furtherance in thefe Afchievements, for being carried iiljti*. 
 up and down with the Confuls, he extolled the Strength and Integrity of the Romans, accufed^"""""**-! 
 the Rafhaefs and Inconflancy of Teuta ^ and fome by reafon and counfcl , others by his au- 
 thority he perfwaded into a fociety and confederacy with the Romans. After this they Reared 2^. 
 their courfe to //?;*, and in their paffage landing at many places, they took moft Towns with- x^Miug 
 out any great difficulty. Nutria was Itoutly defended by the Illyrians , and coft much blood Zontmt 
 before it was taken, fome Collonelsalfo and a Queftor being flain there. The Romans grief P'o 
 for this was thelefTer becaufe they furprifed twenty Veffels coming from Peloponnefus with mo- ^'y'""* 
 ney and great fpoij. when they were come to ijfa it happened as it had done at Dyrrachium, 2oniirts 
 the fiege was prefently raifed upon the approach of the Roman Navy : The Barbarians flying poijUm 
 this way and that way into feveial places, except only the Pharians, who for "Demitrius fake , ^p;"" 
 withthefafety both of body and goods, were received into proCedioti , forafmuch as he was f»^Jf>"" 
 born in the fame Hand, and had the Government of it under King /tgron. The news of thefe p^^^",-^ 
 did diverfly affed the inftable mind of r«<f<», fometimes dejcded with fear, fometimes again 
 very confident, asfheconfidercd the occafion. For as (he was pofTefTed with fear when (he 
 remembrcd fo many Towns taken and demolifhed, that the feacoails were plunder'd and wafted, qj^c^, j h 
 that the Illyrians every where turned back and fled : On the other fide (he was encouraged at 
 the (toutnefs of the Nutnnes , and her hopes edcreafed confidenng Winter drew nigh, oit 
 and that the Romans for fear of ftorms would fuddenly depart-, wherefore with a fmall 
 Retinue (he retired to i5fc«>:o» (cituate upon a River of the fame name, cxpeding what remedy Pot^bius 
 time would afford. 
 
 Her vain opinion was confirmed by the adions of the Confuls, who having committed to 
 the Government of l^emetrius the greater part of the Country they had taken , retired to 
 Z))"'rdt-/;<«w With the Navy and Army. But when (he faw that L. Pofihumius ftayed bdiind 
 with fbrty (hips, and leavied aa Army out of the Neighbou* Cities toproted the Ardyarans^ 
 
 Ma . and
 
 9Z 
 
 The Supplement of Livie, Book X. 
 
 Jppim 
 Ptlybm. 
 
 tAppiiit 
 llljric. 
 Pie. 
 ZQtWit 
 
 Dfodoruih.iS 
 
 Livie 1 1,1.^ 
 Volyb.t. I J 
 hivic 16.41,6, 
 Ptlybiies 
 Afpim Hifp. 
 Folibius 
 S lotus. 1.6.^ 
 525. 
 
 2oniris 
 Filybiia 
 AppiM lltyr. 
 tbttcti.j. 10.8 
 Zomras.' 
 Tib. Capittlint 
 Fi«r.i.y.4 
 Eutrtpiui b.j 
 
 526 
 Livie Epitio 
 L.i.S ;i.de 
 O.I. 
 
 Soliniu c. 1 1 
 Stxtus Ruffut 
 Zontrit 
 'tolfb.t. it 
 
 and other lllyrians who had revoked to the Romans, then Tenia began utterly to dcfpair and 
 thought of buying her peace upon any conditions whatfofiver. At the beginning of the fpring 
 therefore fhe fent Embafladors to Rome, excufmg what was paft as being done by the Command 
 of y^gren whofe Ads it was neceffary for her to maintain. The Romans granted peace , not 
 to her, who had no proper power of adminiftring affairs.neither had deferved any favour'at theic 
 hands, but to Pinneus the fon of Agrort, on thele conditions, That he fhould duely fay what 
 tribute wot impofed on hitu, that he Jhould quit all lilyrium , feme fern places excepted, that ht 
 fhouldnotfailbejondlMiviSwith above two Boats, and thofe unarmed.' By this peace Corcyca^ 
 Phurns. Ijfa, Dyrachium and the Afintanes became wholly the Romans ; what elfe was undcc 
 jigron his jurifdiftion being left to Pinneus. Teuta either for ftiame or by the command of 
 the Romans left off the Government of the Realm, which Demetrius undertook under the oamc 
 of Protedor. 
 
 Thus being ended the Illyrian Quarrel, and the Limits of the Roman Empire extended e* 
 ycnio Greece:, the Commonwealth on the other hand was perplexed , for the Gauls were rea- 
 dy to life up in Arms, and the Carthaginians power did mightily encreafe in Spain, wbick 
 could not be ellablifhed without great danger to the Romans. Hafdrubat the Son-in-law and 
 fuccefTor of H<j»«7c4r, having revenged the death of his Father-in law, did, partly by Armes, 
 but more frequently by his Wifdom and Eloquence, wherein he excelled, reduce many Natlong 
 to the Carthagmian fubjedion ; and built another Carthage called the iVw, in a gulf of the 
 fea by a moft commodious Haven. But the Gallick affairs being of nearer concernment, hin- 
 dered for the prefent their defignes againft the Carthaginians : They endeavoured therefore to 
 (top the proceedings of the Gauls by leagues and Covenants ; They fent likewife Embafladors 
 to Carthage and to Hafdruba/, warning them, To centein themfelves beyond the River Iberus , 
 and permit the Saguntines to enjoy their liberty , and live according to their own Laws. Thefc 
 things happened in the year when i/». Carvilius Sp.F. Cn.N. (JHaximus and ^.Fahius ^N. 
 Maximus Verrucofus were again Confuls. About the fame time L, Pofihumius ProGonful,who 
 wintered in ///;>•»«», fent Embafladors from Ccr9C4 to the ^tolians and Achaians, declaring 
 what he had done, ForVphat canfesthewarwas undertaken, ^ith what fuccefs managed, and 
 hpon what conditions finijhed. They were kindly entertained forafmuch as thofe Nations and all 
 other theGrecians did vehemently hate the lllyrians by reafon of the continual Pyracies exercifed 
 by them under Agron and Teuta. 
 
 The Senate hearing this, did allow of what the Prococfui had done, and moreover decreed 
 another Embaflic in the name of the Commonwealth, to the Corinthians and Athenians , de- 
 claring. The people of Romes good affeilion toward thtm:, and their etjnitj.^ard all mf- ^cre«' 
 by the Romans purchafed great good will amongft thofe people. --^ tt(s Pwnntftians forthwith 
 j1 J .!... I. ._. L ° ?. .r f> „. ri-JL-j^r ^^rnree Partners tnthe Iflhmtan Games, 
 
 Livie ii,j7.6 
 Oropus ^.i^ 
 Ftftietpitot. 
 
 Zontri^ 
 
 Euirtpiiu i 
 
 2}iodcrus 1 J 
 Oro/M^.ij 
 
 Livie Epit.io 
 Vtlfb.i.i'i 
 
 decreed this honour to the people of iicw*-.,' • „- xu . .„=,» u- a - jl ' 
 
 which was one of -•- <^— s'-"^« solemnities in Greece, They were chiefly moved hereunto 
 became the Romans had fet at liberty, as Apollonia and other Grecian Cities, fo Corey ca like- 
 wife, which was a Colonic of the Corinthians -, the Athenians alfo embraced the Roman So- 
 ciety, and decreed, They fbould have the liberty of the City of Athens, andoftheE/ettfinian 
 CMyfteries. In the mean time C«- Fulvius Proconful made a Naval Triumph over the lllyri- 
 ans on the Calends of ^intilis, and beheaded the Illyrian Nobles whom he led in Triumph. 
 This was the firft Triumph over the lllyrians. 
 
 The next year P. Valerius L.F. M.N Flaccus, and M. tAtilius M. F. M,N. Regulus be- 
 ing Confuls, the number of Prctors was doubled, and they thought fit to create four that they 
 might fend fome with command into Sicily and Sardinia, Amongft thefe CM, Valerius viz.% 
 Pretor of Sardinia and Corfica, C.Flaminius of %icily. At this time there was very great 
 fear of a Gallick war, for 'twas reported that the Boians and Infubrians confulted not only one 
 with the other, but with the Tranfalpine people, and had hired a great ftrength of Mercena- 
 ries of the Gsfatae a people of Gallia. They ufed therefore not only ordinary remedies againft 
 this evil, but fuch as a fcvere judge would by no means excufe, but that the love of ones Coua- 
 try makes fome things pardonable which in themfelves are horrid. For whenCbefides other pro- 
 digies they were terrified with) they found in the Sybills books. That the Cjauls and Grecians 
 fhouldone day fofjejfe the City of Kome; That they might by craft avert the threats of the Pre- 
 didion, by the advice of the Priefts, they buried aliye two Gauls, of eaclHex one, and likewife 
 two Grecians a man and a woman, in the Beef-market, that fo they pofll^ffing part of the City, 
 might feem to have fulfilled the Prophecy. This was done when y1/ Valerius M.F.M.N, 
 Mtjfalla and L. Apufiius L.F, C.N. FuUo were Confuls. This year, amongft other no confi- 
 derabic occurrences, was moft of it fpent in making preparation for the Gallick War. There 
 was raifed a moft incredible number both of horfe and foot, toward this war all y^^/^ in gene- 
 ral joyning with the Romans. ^ Fabius the Hiftorian, who was pref nt at the tranfadion of 
 thefe affairs, reports, There were in arms eight hunired thoufand men. That the number of the 
 Romans and Campanians amounted to the number of two hundred forty eight thoufand and two 
 hundred footmen, and fix and twenty thoufand and fix hundred borlci.en All the other multi- 
 titude were Italians. The Veneti alfo and Cemmanni afforded the Romans che help of twenty 
 thoufand men , who by frequent alarms and incurfions might compel the neighbouring Boians to 
 tarry to the defence of their own Country , and not join themfelres with the other forces of 
 
 the
 
 In place of hivk's Twentieth^oo^, pj 
 
 the Enemy, bccanfe they refufcd to hearken to Termes of Peace which the Romans propounded. 
 For the r<f«*<« and Cemmam being perfwaded to renew fricndfhip with Rome, the Infubrians *fr«&.b.j 
 and Boians perfifted in Hoitiiity ; nevertheleA their ftrength was not great, their Kings not da- 
 ring to lead our ail their armed men : but being forced to leave feme at home to defend their 
 Countryes, with the reft (to wit, fifty thoufand Foot, and twenty thoufand Horfe) they began 
 their march through £tr«r«d towards ^owf. 
 
 In the mean time L. /Imilius , ^.F. Cn. N. Pafut. & C. Atiliut M. F. M.N. had Sar- 
 iitiU and krimiuum, with the adjoyning Gaules for their Provinces. For the Sardinians being 7 
 aggrieved at the perpetuall prefence of a Praetor, with hisVirges and fignesof Authority, did ""'"'' 
 again move Tumults -, but C. Atilius the Confull foon quieted them without any great difficul- p^; r , • 
 ty. L.Mmilihs had more to do with the Gaules, having broken through Etruria^ and march- ^--v. 
 . ing to Rome. The Practour of Etruria being not able to hinder their paflage, overtook them ar Poijb' 1.1 j. 
 Cluftum, and late in the Evening planted his Camp not farre from them. The Gaules invenc^d ^'^r^ '-^J* 
 a ftratagem whereby to entice the Romans out to battel!. In the dead of the night thcv march- ^"^"^ ^■^• 
 ed with all their Foot to FajhU, leaving the Horfe behind with inftrudion,at break of day only 
 to (hew themfelves to the Enemy, and prefemly betake themfeivcs to the Foot Army, where 
 fliould be reception for them in a convenient Camp, from whence likewife they would on the 
 fudden charge the Romans unawares. 
 
 The Romans were hereby deceived, and purfued the horfe as if they had fled, and about F^h- 
 h were received by the Enemy, frefh and ready prepared , being themfslves weary and void of 
 Counfell, as in an occurrence not forefeen by them : Their only courfe was either by fight to 
 defend themfelves.or to fell their bloods at a dear rate : But the Gaules exceeding in number, be- 
 Gdes other advantages, flew of the Romans fix thoufand upon the plaoe, and put the reft to flight. Diciom 15. 
 . The Gaules endeavouring to take a fenced place upon an hill, (whither the greateft part of them 
 which fled had betaken themfeivcs) finding their ftrcngth tofailewith their laft nights march , Poi/b. 
 the dayes fight, retired to cure and rcfrefti their bodyes, leaving a party of horfe to befiege the 
 hillock, not doubting to reduce it into their power the next day,eiiher by force or compcfition. 
 In this very nick of time came L.Aiwiltns., rather to be wifhcdfor , then upon any reafonable 
 ground expeded. For upon the firft newes of the Gaules fetting forward, he was fent to Arimi- 'Bolyhim. i. ij 
 **/», to defend the Goafts upon ihi Adri*tick.{hoTt , but hearing their intention was to march ftiiib.i^6 
 %o Rome, he marched by very great journeys from AriminMm, and by good luck came to this 
 very place.and pitched l\is Camp not farre diftant from the Encmy.Tfae beiieged feeing fires in the 
 right time from that part, judging, as was true, that the Roman Army was come fent out fome 
 cf their men unarnicd, that they might the eaficr pafs the Enemies Guards. The Conlull by them 
 tondcrftanding the itatc of Affaires, without any long deliberation, which the. time would 
 BOt permit at break of dayfet forwox- ^.1. -;' Y-*e.,toihc Hillock, givingorder tothcTri- • 
 bunes to follow him with the Legions. The Gaules Iikcwiie wcxc ,i.^.°... j^^ ,h, f,^p ^^^5 . 
 that the Romans were come , and cntred into counfell concerning the prelent affaires. King 
 Anercefi:HSiiiSik<i,tloat they [htHlA not ertctUHter the Enemy, nov .hir fouldiert were laden "ieith 
 rich fftilei , but to return home, and lay afide their flitudtr, and then, if occaf^n ^ert fiven ef 
 fighting, to return emfty and nimltle. Every one approving the counfell, they departed befbre 
 night, taking their journey through Etruna^ by the fea fide. Z. Aimthus having taken in 
 chofe who fled to the hill, and having intelligence of the Enemies march, would not fight him in 
 a fet battell , but refolved to follow them , laying hold of what opportunity time fhould 
 afford. 
 
 In this conjunfture of Affaires fortune once more difpenced an unexpefted accident. Theo- 
 ther Confull C. Atilius arriving at Pif^ from Sardima, and there landn g his Army, marched 
 toward R'-me . along the very fame Etrurian fhore where the Gaules were returning. Neer 
 Telamon a Port of Etruria, the Scouts of each Army firft met one the other, and the Confull , ^'"^''- '"''• 
 by fome Prifoners who were brought to him, underftanding of the Gaules march , and his Col- pl'lt'^i 
 leagues following them .wondred at fo u.nufuail a chance, and being confident of Vidory, having 
 the Enemy cooped up between two Confular Armies, gave order to the Colonells , To array the 
 %/irmy as v-ll tu the ground would permit, andlead their Regiments in afjitare (rtdy, and a flow 
 march: Himfelfe, obferving a piece of high ground, opportunely overlooking the way the 
 Gaules muft of necelTity pals, fet forward with a Party of horfe to prepofTeffe it. For he made 
 what haft he could to fight the Enemy, being aftured, if he were any thing worfted, to be re- 
 lieved by his Colleague, if bis undertaking fucceedcd,to carry away the chiefe Glory of the 
 . Viftory . The Gaules feeing a troop of Enemies in the higher grounds, con jefturing it was a 
 party of horfe, fent round about in the night time by Aimiltus, fent out likewife fome of their 
 own horfe, with the afliilance of fome light armed men, to open the pafTage. But being infor- 
 med that the other Confull was come, hewasforccd to array and marfhall his foot, with their 
 faces each way toward the Enemy, having in the middle their backs joyned one to the other : 
 For they faw C. 'Atilius before them, and well knew that L. AimiHus followed them behind. 
 Againft L. Aimiltus they placed the Tranfalpine Mercenaries, in the front (who from their wea- 
 pons are denominated G<</]iif,«)behind thefe,for a refcf ve'.were the Infubrians. Againft Atilius 
 were oppofed the Taurifcans and Boians. The Waggons and Carts were placed as arampire liwf.i<.^.4; 
 about each Wi"g "• «11 their plunder, with a fufficicnt guard.was laid afide upon a neighbouring ^'•^^"M'J'
 
 VitiiTUi b, i ; 
 
 9^ ^he Supplement of h ivicy Book X« 
 
 hill. The fight was now begun at that hill which C. AhHhs had pofTeflbd, whereby L. jiimiUui 
 conjefturcd that his Colleague was there, of whofe journey he knew nothing certain, only he 
 heard that he was arrived at Pif<z. Taking Counfel therefore on a fudden he commandefh fomc 
 of his own horfe to ride to the place of fight. There the horfe on both fides had a very hot 
 encounter wherein (^, AtHius the Conful was flain, and his head carried to the Gallick Kings : 
 At length the Romans fighting with all might afld main, kept the place, and repulfed the ene- 
 my. The Horfe-fight being thus managed,the Foot charged each the other. There was to be feen 
 a very terrible encounter, as for the number & ftrength of both partics.fo for the ftrange ordering 
 of the Bitteljfor the Gauls being included betweeh twoReman Armies turned their faces on each 
 fide to battel; it being very doubtful whether this pofturewerea greater advantage to them, in 
 that (having to deal with two enemies ) they kept their Rear fecure, and were of neceflity com- 
 pelled to ftand to it having no way to flee ; or that it were a greater difadvantage to be hemmed 
 in by two Confular Armies, But the Romans were partly terrified with the very afpeA of the 
 men who flood in the front, with fterne countenances and vaft bodys ; partly encouraged noc 
 only with the fwectnefTc of praife, but of plunder alfo, for among the former ranks of the 
 Gaules there was not a man , but gliftrcd with golden bracelets and arme ftrings. 
 
 The fight being begun , the light armed men made a great flaughter of the Enemie , efpcci- 
 ally where the Gacfati flood, who in a barbarous oftentation had flung away their garments and 
 fought naked in the ffont. For the gallick ftieilds being long and narrow not able to cover the 
 whole bodv,they ftopd like fo many marks expofed to the Roman darts : and they fell wichouc 
 revenge, being not able to ftrike the enemie , nottocoffie to pelmel with light armed men. 
 Wherefore growing defperate fome runing rafhly upon the enemie were killed with darts before 
 they could come to handy- ftroks •, others by degrees retiring backwaird difordcred their own 
 Battel The Gajfatae being thus vanquiftiedby the light-armed mcti^thccompleat-armed did on 
 every fide charge the Boians , Infubrians , and Taurilcans and flew a great number^ ncverthe- 
 kffe the enemie ftood with refolute minds , being in nothing infcrrioiir but in their weapons ^ 
 for neither iA their flieilds defend their bodys , neither did their fwords mneh offend the 
 Romans , for being made only to hacke and hew they had no good poynts ; they were likwife 
 made crooked at the firft blow , and unfic for a fecond , unlefs they be ftraightned againe by 
 your foot on the ground. The Romans having already the better ,• were aflured of the viftory 
 by the returne of the horfe, who, having put the Gallick horfe to flight, riding down the 
 hill madeanimpreffion upon the flank of the enemie, fo much the njoreirrefiftible as coming 
 from the higher ground. After this manaer Poljbius difcribeth the Battel of the Gaules in £- 
 trurU ^ from whome others with little reafon do diffent. For who can caiiJy bclcive , that the 
 Gaules were compelled by a tempeft to fly in the night time fea •■"« ^J^" »"§« of the Gods ? And 
 that C. Atilius fetting upon their Rpar »- "-■"- •' „ * "at afterward , • each party for fome dayes 
 kept within rh«:- j-r>.?..v.,,^.(i^»»»»/»»/ fought happily with them ? fieithcr arc they any more to 
 be credited, who relate the Battel as fought , not on the fca Coafts, but, in the Aretine Terri^' 
 tories. There is no qucftion made but that fourty thoufend Gaules were then flain , little JefTc 
 then ten thoufand taken, with Ctnctlitanus one of their Kings : the other King Anerceftus who 
 was of greater reputation for power and courage , cfcaping with a fmall company , in his flight 
 cut the throats of all his Kindred and his own alfo. There was great plunder found , which 
 the Conful caufed to be reftored to thofe from whom it was at firft taken, every mafter owning 
 his own goods. Then marching with his own Army and that of Atilius, through Liguria in- 
 to the Boians Country he gave it in plunder to his fouldiers as a reward of their pains taken, and 
 they in a few dayes being fufficiently laden with fpoils, he returned to Rome, to the greater 
 joy of all, beciufc the war was formidable. Scarce any mans Triumph was ever fo much ce- 
 lebrated with acclamations of the people ; being otherwife of itfelf very gallant and memo" 
 rableas for the glory of his noble performances, fo for the number of the Captives and the 
 worth of the fpoils. There were many military Enfignes, and abundance of gold Chains and 
 Bracelets, the ornaments of valiant men amongft the Gauls. Bat all mens eyes were cheifly 
 intended upon "Britcmarui and the other Gallick Princes , whom Aimilius by way of fcoflf led 
 girt and armed into the Capitol , as if thereby he tooke care they (hould fulfil the vow they 
 had made. Never to Hnhofe their girdles or Belts , till they had afcendedthe Capitol. L.Aimiliut 
 made this Triumph over the Gaules on the third of the Nones of march. This year was made 
 the one and fortieth Luftralion by the Cenfors, ^Claudius Ap.F.CN.Centhosmd M.fu- 
 niHs'D.F.T).N.Ptra, The fear of the Gallick war was over, but the defirc of revenge re- 
 mained, and both the next years Confuls had gallia for their Province; the Confuls were 7'J 
 Manlihs T F. T.N. TortjuatHs and SlJ^ulvius M.F. £lN.Flaccus again. The people chear • 
 fully decreed them Armies and whatfoever accommodation belongeth to the Commencing or 
 profecuting a War. For it was hoped , that after fo great a vidory, they might cafily drive 
 away the Gauls from about the To if they minded their bufinefs. The Confuls being gone with 
 their Armies prefently terrified the Boians into fubmiflion ; their expedition afterwards wa« not 
 fo quick by reafon of the Peftilence and fo many fhowrs which fell. Others affirm, That thefi 
 Confuls cnfed the Po, and in afet hattel overcame the Irtfui>rians,that they flew three and twenty 
 thoM/ar.d and tnk, five iktHfaed. But I rather follow the authority of PoljbiHs in thefeafr 
 fain. 
 
 Polyb.i. JO 
 
 Zonirat 
 
 Pelybius 
 
 Ztitsru 
 
 Orofius ♦. ) J 
 
 Euiropim 3 
 
 Polyb. 
 
 Viederus if 
 
 Voljb. 
 
 Zontrat 
 
 Folyb. 
 
 Oioderut. 
 
 V»l}b. 
 
 F'or 1-4.J 
 2»nirjit 
 flatus 
 fjfii Ctpitsl, 
 
 Vtfii.Cipitol. 
 
 Polyb. 
 OrofiM 4, 1 ;
 
 In place of Livie's Twentieth ^oo\, p^ 
 
 la t^e mean time becaufe the Confuls being in a far Country, and were hindred either by a- 
 dion.or by {howres,fo thar they could not return to the general Aflfembly : L. Caciliiis L. F. fjfti capit. 
 C-N. Meiellns was Created for Deftatour, who confecrated for Mafter of the Horfe CM. 
 FabiHs M.f'.N. Buteo , by the AfTembly, and F/aminius c F.N. and T. Fnrius Sp. F.M.N. 530 
 
 '7' Ww^ were made Confuls, Thefe as I think were the firft Romans , who making an invafion 
 into the InfubriansCountrey, croffed the Powith their Army, where the River ^<»^«/^falleth ^•~''-^Pi'-'o- 
 into the /'c. Fojbius.i.zi. 
 
 This boldnefscoft them much labour and fome blood • forin their paffcs over the River, and 
 while they pitched their Campes, the enemie fiercely falling in upon them flew a confiderable 2o7iaris 
 number. 1 he Romans trouble and care upon this News , was mightily encrcafed by many Pro p '^"^"^v 
 digies related, as th^r iu theTicenian Territories^ a Kiver ran h/nod, that in Etruriaihe skte ^^"^ ' *'"'' 
 vasfeentoburn, that at Kxmmwmin the niffht time light appeared.,and three Meones trere feetiat '' 
 the f dm.- f «w?,alfo a Vultur was faid to fit many daycs together in the Forum at Rorrte.VoT though ^onirw 
 about the fame time Cariaw^s ftiaken with an Earthquake, and the Rhodian Coloflus fell down, Mmtms. 
 thefe things were not thought to concern tbe Romans at all : Concerning the other Prodigies Orofiui 
 the Augurs being asked their advice, anfwered,r/;<»f rAfO^/^/j 7Pr«»of rightly chofen^ where' piutaub. 
 upon letters were lent after them to recal them back to the City. In the mean time the Confuls ZoTiarat.' 
 having made a Truce, had quitted the Infubrians Countrey , and afterward having raifed Auxi- ^''/^'w. 
 liaries in the Countrey of the Cenomanni , had again began to infeft the gounds lying under the ^'"'''- ^'^ f' 
 Alpes ^ whereupon the Infubrians enraged with anger, carried into che field the golden enfignes ''*^' 
 (but of the Temple of Minerva) which were called /wwuff^j^/r, becaufe it was noclawful to 
 Itir them but in the time of Extreem Necefiity •, and had now met the Romans with Livie. 11 6j. 
 an Array of fifty thoufand men , ready to enter battel. At this very time came the letters from 
 the Senate. ^. Fliminius either guefGng at the fubllancc of the letters , or being pre-mformed ^""''"^ 
 by his friends, perfwaded his Colleague, w'-t to open them before battel. 
 
 Bemgrcfoh'ed to fight, they confulted about their Mercenary Gaules, lefli{ theyTvereneg-^'^ ' 
 
 ItUed .^ they might havt caufe to (juarrel •, ^nd if admitted te the fight ^ they might have occajion 
 of aoing harm. For they .feared their inconftancy, efpecially fighting againft Neighbours and 
 Kinlmen. At iaft they thought fit to place them on the other fide of the River, where the brid- 
 ges being beaten down , they neither could do any harm to the Romans, nor have opportunity 
 to flie , bat to truft in their courage : After a fharp difpute the Romans obtained the Vidory , 
 to the greater praife of the Tribunes then the Confuls. For (f.Fhminius had ordered the Battel 
 fo near the brink of the River, that there was no fpace left to receive the Troupes in cafe they 
 had been foiled to Retire; which without doubt would have proved the ruine of the whole 
 Army. But the 7V,6»«« having had experience by former battels, that all the Gallick Va- 
 lour confilkthm the hrft charge wh.cn .s veiy i...,w ^.^t. and if the brunt of it be once 
 borne , there is no more to be feared from them ; did divide the fpears or ihc 2-^.— v among 
 the firft ranks, that with them they might receive the firft onfet, and afterward flinging them a- 
 way , draw their Swords when the fight began ; the Gallick Swords were prcfently blunted ', 
 and made crooked at the firft ftroke upon the fpears, and while they were bufie in making them 
 ftraight , the Romans advancing with their drawing Rapiers, took from them the ufe of their 
 Weapons : For this inconvenience is in the Gallick Swords, that being madeonly to hack, fome 
 time is required in lifting up the hand, and preparing for the ftroaks,which if it be denyed , they 
 are of no ufe : But the Romans thrufting with the point could do their bufinefs in a moment , 
 and fo prefling forward to the bodies of the enemies, they did fecurely thruft them into the face 
 and breafts. 
 
 Tis reported that nine thoufand Gaules were flain, and double the number taken. After the Orofim 4.1 f. 
 Vidory,they fpoiled the grounds round about.and gathered much Plunder. Then at length they P''"*''^*- W*""- 
 thought fie to read the Senates letters, the contents whereof /'A////J- was ready to obey : ButC. "^''■^' 
 .f-7.i»Jf»i«/ infifted, that this was the envy of fome Senators, and not the fault of the lu^ufpicei , rontrti 
 vhereof thire conld be no more certain argument ., then the Viflorj they kad obtained; hefaidalfo 
 he venldnot return till either the Vl^ar was finifhed , or his Magifiracy expired : adding more- 
 over , that he ^culdcaufe the Romans to leave off the fooUfh obfervation of i/4MgHrie!.^andfttcho- 
 ther fopperies. Neverthelefs T. Furius perfifting in hisrefolution, the Army of Flaminins , 
 fearing that after his departure they fliould not be very fafe in the enemies Countrey, pcrfwa- j,-^ ^^ 
 deJ him to tarry for fome few dayes • but he did utterly abftain from all adion? ^ FUminius zoriiroj '^' 
 taking in the mean time fome Caftles, asalfoa Cityof no fmallrenown among thofe people , 
 The fpoileshe gave to his fouldicrs , to prepare their minds for hiS defencein that quarrel he i.»v.ii.6j. 
 knew would arife between him and the Senate. This City indeed was fj moved with indignation, 
 that none went out according to the cuftome to meet the Confuls, and not only /■/<»»><«»«/ but Piunrcb 
 for his fake Philus alfo was denyed the honour of Triumph. At length Flaminiits by the f-f?.'"''"^ .a 7 
 peoples favour entred the City triumphing on the fourth of the Ides of CMarch. Many Liv"i3.i4. " ' 
 rich fpoiles were to be feen in that Triumph : Great ftore of Armes , and chains 
 of Gold out ni w\\\ch Flaminius dedicated aTokcnof Viftory to^w/dffr in theCapitolium , F/or«f. 1.4.4. 
 inverting theGallicks Vow, who h^i promised out of the Romans fpoiles to dedicate a Chain to 
 Marx. Afterward t le other Conful triumphed over the Gaules, and the Ligurians on the fourth Colum. Ctpiftt. 
 of the Ides ot March. The Senates ill will being hereby rather intended then overcome, did vimanh 
 
 noc
 
 94- 
 
 The Supplement of hiwie^ Book X. 
 
 1 
 
 Pluuno. 
 
 231, 
 PlutiTcb. 
 Polyb'i.n 
 lUitircb. 
 
 Polyh. 
 
 Poiyb. 
 
 Tlmrcb 
 
 Zomris. 
 
 Vtuunh 
 
 Ttlyh. 
 
 Plutircb. 
 
 Frojitii'Ms 
 S'.Titagem 4 
 PlutirJ} 
 
 Livie i6.%i 8. "''^ ^^^^^ ^'" ^^^^ ^"^ ^^'•'^ forced to difdain this their fecond Triumph : about the fame time, 
 -" ' ' by the likefevericy, two very eminent perfons were deprived of their Pricfthood, cM.Cerfieii"'- 
 Cetlcegui^ becaule he had not aright laid open the Entrailes, and ^. Stilfkim , becaufe in the 
 time of fdcrifice his cap fell from his head. When thefe Confulls time was out, the AfTemb!) 
 was held by an Interrex , where M. cUndim M. F. M. N. AiarceBta being made Cortfull , 
 aflumed for his Colleague C Co>-«r/t«/. L.F. L.N. Scipio Calvus. Thefe Confulls denif' 
 Peace to the Infubrians though they petitioned for it, JT/, ^/4?-cf//«/chie8y refufingall Con 
 ditions, out of hisadefire to Triumph. And theGaules themfdves fecmed to meditate war ra- 
 ther then Peace, for having a new hired thirty thoufand ^<s/rtf>, and overcome the Alpes the" 
 had gathered together a far greater number of Infubrians. 
 
 The war being thus begun, the Confulls kt out in the beginning of the fpring, and befieged 
 ^cerr£, a Town between Poand the Alpes. It feeming difficult to drive the Romans from 
 thefiege, Eritomarns v:\ih. ten thoufand ^^s/iifd;, rcfolved to go forth, and wafte the Regions 
 about /'a, which the Confulls underftanding, fo divided their Forces, that C?;. C9r>}f/««/ might 
 with pare of the Army profecute the fiege , while MarceSus with two thirds of the Horfc and 
 a choice company of light armed men, went about to fuccour and defend their Aflcciates. Ha- 
 ving chofen the lighteft and nimbleft , not above fix hundred, with thefe and his Horfe he march- 
 ed day and night toward the Enemy, whom hjiving over taken at ('Uftidium, be prefeotlyen- 
 countred before he could rcfrefli his men, not of his own good will , but forced by the fury of 
 the (j<e/4<<£, who being fuperiour in number, and arrogating tothemfelves the mafJery in horfe- 
 manfhip, hearing the ConfuU had brought but few foot along with him, left off their fiege of 
 C/«i7;^»K»», and forthwith fpurr'd on to cruih him. Maycellus .^ having drawn out his battell 
 at length, that he might not be encompafled by the multitude of his Enemie«, marched for-, 
 ward to meet them. Their bodyes were now not faralunder, when the Confull intending to 
 begin the Charge, his Horfe affrighted with the clamour and (hours of the Gaules, ftarted afide 
 and carried him back. The Confull fearing leaft this accident being efteemed an ill Omen , 
 fhould daunt the courage of his men , as his horfc wheeled about he adored the Sun , as if he 
 had turned about his Horfe for the fame purpofe ; according to the antienc curtom,men ufing 
 to turn themfelves about when they worfhipped the Gods. ' Tis reported, that before the firlt 
 onfet, he vowed to fupiter Feretrim the fairefi of the Enemies itArmes ; And prefently efpy- 
 'vR'gBrltorttarHs in the head of his Troopes, his armour gliftering with Gold and Silver, ando* 
 ther colours, he judged thef.^ to be th e Armes which ^ he had vowed. The King alfo, having 
 feea the Roman Generall, advanced far before his men, and by voice and gefture challenged hini 
 toCombatC; cJJf. Marcellus accepted , and immediately having run him tbiougti thebreft- 
 plate, wounded him with the fpeare, and with the forcp<^f 1^;^ hories c^r^fyf tumbling him to 
 the ground, reiteratin2.his ftrnU- 1- n^^ n™ in the place , whereupon leaping off his horfe ,' 
 and hoWm^T-tre^fmes in his hands , he lift up his eyes to heaven, faying, fupiter Feretrius, -^fho 
 heholdefl the deeds of Valiant Commanders in hatttll ! Behold, J the third Rotum, as thy fdfe 
 canfi ^itnefs, a Generall having flain a generall of the Enemies^ doe confecrate the Rojall ffojls 
 unto thee : Doe thott fnffer cur ef aires profperojifly to facceed even to the ijfue^of the fV.irs^ 
 ^dT-V/wj taking horfe again, theyentred battell with all might and main, the Romans fighting 
 moft couragioufly; theConfnII's boldnefs and good Fortune having filled them no left with 
 Valour for the Encounter , then with hopes of Vidory. Wherefore neither the Gallick horfe 
 Misimxs nor ye? the Foot which came to their reliefe could endure the brunt; fo that a few men, which 
 is rarefy feen, carried away the Viftory from a numerous Army. The fpoils being gathered up , 
 the Confull returned to his Colleague, who having taken y4«rr<« where he found great (lore of 
 Come, being now about yJ/<'fi'»o/.^»«w, had much adoe to defend himfelfc from the Enemy, for 
 while he was bufie in the fiege of their flrongeft and moft populous City,the Metropolis of ./»/«- 
 ^r»W, they had as it were round befieged him with great multitudes; But Marcellus his ap- 
 proach quickly alterred the Scene. For the Cj^fatA being informed of their Kings death, went 
 away , and Mediolanum being by them forfaken, was not able to defend it felfe. So that many 
 of the 7«/»^«rf» forces being flain, MediolanMm , aqd after that Ccw//?rj taken, the other Cities 
 together with the whole Nation fubmitted themfelves to the Romans, being fined in a fumme of 
 money, and part of their grounds, having otherwife good Conditions of Peace. M. Marcillut 
 being returned home, made a moft illuflrious triumph over the Infubrian Gaules, and the Ger- 
 mans on the Calends of (.JMarch. This is the firlT: mention of the Germans in the Roman Hi" 
 ftory, who being hired, came from the Nations beyond the Rhene, under the conduft of Virdima- 
 Vfcpert.4. 10 rtis their Generall, Thefe and the Gallick Captives,men of vaft ftature of body, with other rich 
 Tluarcb.^tr. fpoiles were led before the Triumphant Chariot. The Confull followed, with the rarcft fpeda- 
 ';.'°' . cle, carrying the armes of the flain General to fupiter Feretrius -, after him marched his fouldi- 
 g'/cf * ers harnefTed with glittering Armes, making fhoHCs, and Military Acclamations. JnthisordeC 
 Fiorut x.^i.'i being come to the Temple of fupiter Feretrius, /l/.Af(jrcf///</defccnding from his Chariot," 
 Viutirch dedicated his Royall fpoils to ^/^f/ffr, being the third after Romu/us and «^. Ctrficlius Cef us, 
 
 Lai-: "-lO' 9- ^J;ho had done fo, and after him no man ever did the like. The people of R^me beheld thefe 
 Armes with the greater picafure, in that the Enemies were faid to have vowed she Rom-m Armes 
 to Vulcan. So great was the Joy of this Viftory, that the Romans out of the fpoiles, fenta 
 Golden Oa^ to A pailo of Delphos , and of the Gallick Armes to their Affociate Cities round 
 
 about 
 
 I 
 
 Orefiia. 4.1J 
 Plutircb, 
 
 yd. 
 
 Zonira 
 Fo/ji.. 54.34. 
 Pluunb 
 Polfb. 
 Orf^Hf 4-1 J 
 Tluunh. 
 
 3 
 
 Euiriipm b 
 Zottrji 
 Crocus 
 Zcmrd! 
 Livie. Epit. zo 
 Cepit. Mtr. 
 
 'Flutirch. 
 
 FLriis 
 Plitt.M£ri:.i!-i^
 
 t 95 The Supplement of V^'w'iQy ^ook X^ 
 
 Demeiriui otfervirg what was done, tooke as good Counfel as in fuch a dangerous cafe could 
 be-, for declining the prefcn: skirmifti , and calling his fouldiers together , Va/iaet men , failh 
 he, it appe,irenh/ir cur c*ura^e u formidable t« the enernie , for, betaking themfelves toftra- 
 
 • tagems,they declare little truft in their force of armes.They have made ufe of tlie night feafon to 
 
 • (tree? into this Illand.of wh ch, ifl be not deceived in you , they ftiall poffeffe no. more, then 
 'whatthey can cover With their bodys having payed for it with their lives. Only you, my 
 
 • Country-men cfT'/'j'-o/, and young men of i//)r»V«7w , be mindful of your Country , of your 
 'honour, and make the Roman? know, 'twas neither their valour nor our coward ize , which 
 ' gave them occaHononce to Triumph at Rome over the lilyrians. It was not Fttlvius or Tofi- 
 ' humius with all their Counfel and ftrength, but Teuca which conquered ISjriMm by her raflinefs 
 
 • and impotence of affedions. And, to omit other things, ye are not ignorant , that at that 
 
 • time their viftory had notbeeafo cafie, but that Tf^ri chofe to have mc rather Ker enernie 
 •thenher Protcdor. But becaufc I lirmly truft to you,and the time requires rathfr deeds then 
 ' words , I fhall fay no more. Ye have courage , ye have weapons, ye fee the neceflity, which 
 'is able to make a coward fight , danger is imminent both to your felves, and your Citieunlefs 
 'by your valour ye repel it. Let us on then and withhappy fortune charge thefe men who are 
 ' newly crept out of their hiding places : We (hall do well enough with thofe who arclanding : 
 ' if we onceovercome thele , the others will flie to their ftiipi in greater /■juj} then koV/ thej leave 
 ' t'jc-m. • . -;. ; ;■• • 
 
 . Having thus for the time encouraged his men, he leads them on to charge thofe who were 
 pofleffedoftheHill, andthcy as diligently ordering themfelves fuftained his charge , till they, 
 wboin themeane time had landed , coming upon his Reare utterly routed h;s who)e body 
 with great flaughter. Some few by flight cicaped to the Town , others by blind paths flipt a- 
 
 p*/;6.4.«i5 way. Dimctrins who in certaine by-places had boatcs ready prepared for all adventures getting 
 aboard one of them fled to PliUlif King of Macedon^h^ whom being entertained, he did by flatte- 
 
 P«//&. spid ry and Tyria'nnical advice corrupt the young man's manners , which before were laudable, and 
 
 Mfpitn lUff. attaires being afterward fettled to bij ^, 
 
 LivU Epit.zo to Rome to obtaine his Txi^mpli. In the narrafion ,of this War I have like wife chofen to follow 
 Pciybiiu Foiikitu , being notignpfant that others attritate the glory of finifhing this War to both the 
 
 2onitii. Confuls, who having fummoned D^wtrnw/ to appeare before them , did, upon default, V/ac 
 
 Z>/V apudyt- with him in the Hand of//<J by the fame arts as I hav« related , and then taking i^;.rM by 
 ufiun. Treachery P^puir^j, iiim out of the Dominions. Concerning whole ena iiKewiie tliey differ ftom 
 
 ^Ai}Un' '''«(r^«'«, who lived neerer t\\^k times and thefe places ; but thofe tilings as being afcer this time 
 
 ^^ I ftiall pafle by. But the Roi^ans , for King P*)^?'^ his fake , whofc years deciar'd him inno- 
 
 cent of thefe defignes, did fpare tlie Ilijvians.^, and renewed theleague with him, with addition 
 Polih.it.66 of fome Articles, Z./^Jw/VjWj^n^adffnioiVfgMipus Triumph over thefe people, andlfindalfo 
 AuScrdcviris r.hzt'.MJAtjius'ViMm'fhtd for this War j-buj rpoft^vriters mention it not ; 'tis likely, Lc- 
 ///«/". c. 50 cjufg jj^g performances of L.Pafthts , tieing t/vpcmore eminent , did obfcure the glory of his 
 
 Colleague, ' ,. - ' ,^ . , ^.y >,..,, . _. • 
 
 Jiijiiaig. 1 Mo''e notablea while after wastIiq.Jutigtner»t;indxondemnation;of the fame M.Livius. .He 
 
 frontin. and L.Paulus being out of Envy accufed. That they had not equally diflributed the fpoils among 
 
 j-jritijcm.,. I. the fouldiers , but had converted many things tp other ufes, didundergoc thefentenceofthe 
 Umcii.}?.!, people. L.Puulii hardly efcaped, M.Livius was condemned by all the Tribes except only 
 'V'ci7j .J the iJMt'.cian, Which difgrace and indignity he took fo heavily , that depaftiog the Citie, he 
 Vliniei avoyded all meetings, till the Commonwealth's occafions recalled him to his former courfe 
 
 of life. But thefe things hapened in the Confulfliip oiP.Corntlim Scipio and Tib.Sempronius 
 Longus. Butinthef^ne year when M.Livius and Paulus were Confuls, one Archagathui 
 thcfon of Ljfanias came out of Teloponiefm to Rome, who profefling Phyfick was made free 
 of the Citie, e.ndowed with allthepriviledgcsofalJ.oiftan, and had a (hop bought for him ac 
 thePublicki chairge injhe.Acilian ftrcet.^^ "A thing not fo much worthy taking notice of, but 
 that then firft was the name of the M'e^fcinal faculty heard of and known at Rcme -, they having 
 to this time preferved their healths by temperance and remedies not bought. In the fame Con- 
 Ljv.Epit.io (uls time Colonies were deduced to Phcmtia and Cremona in the Gall ck Territories ; Being 
 * ■*''*■ none of the leaftcaufes of anger which moved the Boians and Infubrians to incline to H<»««/^<»/, 
 wlio, nowaflaulting Sagunttim with all might, did by thcruinesthcreofpreparehisway to 
 the Roman Wars. But thefe and other commotions, which in great number, and withnolefTe 
 'Tcrrour and violence prefently affailed the Romans, will the better be underftood by relat- 
 ing foregoing Circumftances, 
 
 A Cata>
 
 In place of Livfe's Tmntieth "BooJ^, p^ 
 
 about. To Hiero King of SjracH/e, befides fome^of the fpoiles, they fent the price of chat 
 
 Corn he had accommodated them with during the Gallick War. After this a new enemy arofe^ Lw.t^.zi.g. 
 
 the Iftrians who infefted the Seas with Piracy,ani had taken fome of the R^man Cornftiips, A-' ^""''"'■n- ; 
 
 gainft thefe both the Confuls were fent,P.Cor«e/»«/,and M.CMinucius Rufas who brought into ^'^^'^yi 
 
 fubjeftion many people either by force or compofition Neverthelefs I do not find that thefe """"^'^^5 
 
 Confuls Triumphed ; perhaps bccaufe their Vidory coft fo much Roman blood. This year a- ZonJu 
 
 rofe aStarrein ^/><j»« deftrudivc to many Cities and Nationi ; to wit,H.j«««^rf/thefucceffor 
 
 of Hafdruhiil^ of whofe beginnings and proceedings ye will ftortly read more from a greater Ow/'w 
 
 Pen. 
 
 In the mean time the new Confuls L.VetHrifufinA C-Lfttatita marched to the Alpcs with their 533 
 Army, but making more ufe of Treatycs thenArmes , they joyned many of thofe people with 
 their own good likiag to the Roman focietie. At this time the Illyrian War was rencw'd, by ^o^"'* 
 Dtmetrius Ph4rius\\\sh\i\t y againft whom many complaints were made,in as miach as Dnder'pre- 
 tence of the Roman friendfliip, he had vexed and afflided the neighbour Cities according to his ^''"*^/'''- "• 
 picafure. For being by the Romans invefted with power , becaufe he had revolted from Teuta , "^' 
 and having the Taiit/ow of X. P»w«f»j whofe mother TmfwM he had married, he behaved him- ^PP'<"» "'>»■• 
 fclf like a King, and grew very heavy and intolerable both to the people of the Countrey, and ^-uiliu/^' 
 to Neighbouring Regions, He endeavoured likewife to bring under his own Dominion^ ij.i.i. 
 the people of Illyrieum, the friends and affociates of the Romans, arid moreover contrary to 
 the league, helailed beyond /-»//« with fifty Armed Veffel, to the Hands C;c/<i^f/, fomeof ^»''^''*^ J- '^• 
 them he plundered, from others he exaSed money, and had now drawn into his party, as ma- 
 ny Iftriansas fincethe late War boreagrudgto the Romans, and forced the yff»*it<j«« to his ^''';.^'»«4- '^ 
 fide. Neither did he any whit fear the Romans, who being involved in a Gallick War, and '''"''" 
 fearing a THnick, one, he thought had neither ftrcngthnor Liefure enough to revenge the itW>"i-^^- 
 Injuries of their affociates. Aud he promifed himfelf any favour from PA<7//) Kings of Ma- 
 cedoM , whom he had affiftcdin the Cleemenian War, being General of the lilyrick Aufflliaries : 
 A W ar was therefore decreed againft him.and preparations made. In the mean time L. ^imilius 
 and C F/4w>«»j being Cenfours made the three and fourtieth Luftration, there were numbrcd LwVi?.t»-tj 
 two hundred and feventy thoufand, two hundred and thirty Citizens. A promifcuous multitude Livie F-fit. lo- 
 ofLibertines being difperfcdamongft the Tribes,had hitherto made great confufion; in imitation . . g, , 
 therefore of £^ Fabittt CUaximus^ihc Ccnfour? reduced them into four Tribes, the Efyuiliue, ^^i^ ptf' *' 
 Palatine . SubnrritHe , and the Collint. C. Tlaminitts in the fameCeafourfliip fenced in the cifftoivrut 
 high way T<\ Arimi»t4m. and built !»fli*n7- place, both called by his name., IheFUjuimtmfhevr Fijiasf^oce 
 place, and the FUminian way. The fame Cenfors committed .^4«7»<»,of the Uyerstraac.C-ii ««?'«»• 
 to the judgment of the people-, not thinking it to be beneath the dignity of fo high a Magi- 2lhj.i^.\7. 
 ftracy to enquire into petit things. About the fame time the ///»>»(i« rebellion caufed the Se- 
 nate to give the charge of that province m M.Livius M. F.M.N. Salinator, and M.Aimilius, 534 
 M. F. Paulus the Confuls. Demetrius onthtf Olffier Hdc , was not flack in preparing himfelf 
 for the War, having fent a ftrong Garrifon toDimalus, and providing all ncceffarics for the i*<»0'W''*j-*»8. 
 fufteining of along fiege. In fome places behave ofderforthe flanghter of the prime men, 
 whofe fidelity he miftrufted, and committed the Government to his own creatures. Out of the 
 whole Kingdome he gathered a choice ftrength of fix thoufand men, whom he kept with himfelf 
 in Garrifon at Tharos. 
 
 In the mean time L. Paulas the Conful fetting forth in the beginning of the fpring, failed o- , . 
 ver into lUricMm, and underftanding that the enemy put great hopes in the ftrength of Damalm^ p'lbiut i\ \i 
 which they thought impregnable; he rightly judged that it would ft^rike much terror into them, '^ 
 in cafe he fliould make himfelf Mafter of it: Aflaulting it therefore with very much courage 
 and cheerfulnefs , he took it by ft©rminfcven dayes time. Neither was the Conful deceivccl 
 in his projed , for the news hereof being fprcad into the neighbour Regions , meffcngers 
 came flocking from every City, offering up themfelves , and all their goods into the hands of 
 the Romans. The Conlul having received them into protedion, failed to the Hand of Pharos , 
 where Demetrius kept his Court. But underftanding that it was well manned with a Garrifon 
 of ftout Souldiers, furniflied with provifion of all forts ; ftrorig, both by fcituation, andalfo 
 with artificial works, and guarded with the ppefence of the Tyi'ant himfelf; the Conful unwil- 
 ling to begin a tedioos fiege,contrived a ftratagem of great ufe to the fpeedy effeding of Vido- 
 
 For fending over the grea;ter part of his Army in the night time, with order to cover them- 
 felves in woody Trids ; HimfeJf app ears in open daty with twenty (hips making towards the 
 Haven , whereby he drew out the Pharians, among whome was Demetrius himfelf, to hinder 
 his landing. Upoa the firft engagement it hapncd, as is ufual, that many more by degrees run- 
 ning to the fuccour of their friends , the City was Icftalmoft naked of Souldiers. In the mean 
 time thofe Romans who bad landed in the night time, taking their journey through covert 
 places , poffetTed an hill even in the midft between the City and the Haven ^ thereby ren- 
 dting 'it impofiiblc for thofe who were come out of the Town to return fafc 
 back. 
 
 Tlut.Mar- jqf Demetrifft
 
 A Catalogue of thofe Authors Names onwhofe Autho- 
 rity this Supplement rdicch. 
 
 *^ AgelUui. 
 tAmmianus CMarctUinHS. 
 L. AmfeltHs. 
 tyfppiii-4Hs & ejuiExeerptaa 
 
 Falvio Vrfino O' Henrico 
 
 VaUfio edita. 
 Arifloteles. 
 Athtn£HS, 
 
 Author cU Virls lUujiribus. 
 AugufiinHS. 
 Bemeggerus. 
 "Bongarfius. 
 Cafitoltnd Marmora, 
 
 Caffiodorus. 
 Cato. 
 
 -(^tnforiHUt. 
 Cicero. 
 Claudianus, 
 Cluvtrius. 
 Corntliut Ntfotl 
 CurttMS. 
 
 Dio (^ tJMs Excerftal 
 Diodori Excerfta. 
 Dionyfii Excirfta. 
 Dionyjim Ptriegtttsi 
 E-nnius. 
 
 Etjmolegici Author. 
 Eufthius, 
 Eufiathiut, 
 
 Eutropus. 
 
 Fafii Capitolini. 
 
 Faze/ /us. 
 
 Feftuf. 
 
 F/orus. 
 
 Frominus: 
 
 Qotefridus Vtttrkienfis. 
 
 rlerodoiut. 
 
 Hierouymus. 
 
 HoratiHS. 
 
 Joannes Antiochenus. 
 
 foannis Sarisburienfis. 
 
 Ju/ius Higginus. 
 
 fulifts obfeejuen:. 
 
 fus fujliniatKUTii. 
 
 fufitnus. 
 
 Livins dr ejus Epitome. 
 
 Lucanut, 
 
 Lycus. 
 
 Macrobius. 
 
 ■Marianus ScotM.' 
 
 Alartiat/us Capellal 
 
 Aiatthiolus. 
 
 Oh.\j(/.'!ti(lJ'av *I'*^£^J4, 
 Orofius, 
 
 Otto Frifingenftr. 
 Ovidius. 
 Paanius, 
 Pavinius, 
 Pau/us DiaconHsl 
 Paufanias. 
 
 Pighiut, 
 L. Pifo. 
 P/iniut. 
 P/utarclofis. 
 
 Po/yxnus. 
 
 Po/ybiui ffr ejus Excerpt 4. 
 
 PompontHt Ade/a. 
 
 Ptolomeus. • 
 
 ^intilianHs'. 
 
 Sextus Ruffus. 
 
 Sa/luftiw. 
 
 Seneca. 
 
 Serviw. 
 
 Sigonitu. 
 
 St/iuf. 
 
 Sinnius ^apitol 
 
 So/inm, 
 
 Strabo. 
 
 Suetoniui, 
 
 Suidas. 
 
 Ser. Sulpicitu', 
 
 TabuU Vetirei. 
 
 Tttbero. 
 
 Tuditantu 
 
 Valerius %Antias. 
 
 Valerius Maximui. 
 
 Varro. 
 
 Vegetiut 
 
 Vt/ieius. 
 
 Virgi/iut. 
 
 Zonaroi. 
 
 ? I N I S.
 
 J-
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY 
 
 Los Angeles 
 This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. 
 
 OCT 2 ^361 
 
 REC'D MLD 
 
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 OCT 11 1961 J BJ. ^ 
 
 
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