(Q «> <3 1 8 2 .r7 ^iiliilas"* OF THE EGYPTIAN ANTIQUITIES •^ 1? IN THE MUSEUM OF HARTWELL HOUSE. 1858. W. M. WATTS, CKOWN COURT, TEMPLE BAR Hartwell House, near Aylesbury, 11th September 1858. My Lord Duke — Wishing to leave some slight record of the kind notice with which I was honoured by your Gi'ace's father, your amiable motiier, and your accomplished brother, my fellow- Undergraduate in the venerable College of St. John's, Cambridge ; also of the condescen- sion with which you have always behaved to me, since our early interview at Gibraltar, as well as of your Grace's energetic zeal, when a brother-traveller in Egypt, to promote archffiology, and enrich our national collection in the British Museum ; I venture to dedicate to your Grace the following brief Catalogue of the Egyptian Antiquities which now form a branch of the Hartwell Miiseum, and which, on one occasion, was honoured by your presence. This Catalogue has been chiefly arranged by my accomplished friend, Mr. Joseph Bonomi, the well known sojourner during several years among the temples of Upper Egypt; a gentleman who, by his artistic skill and judgment, has illustrated various works on that interesting country, and embellished the Egyptian department in the Crystal Palace at Sydenham. Some portions of the Catalogue have been submitted to the inspection of Sir Gardner Wilkinson, the Rev. G. C. Renouard, Dr. Lepsius, Mr. Birch, Mr. Pettigi-ew, Mr. S. Sharpe, Admiral Smyth, and other celebrated authorities ; and I shall consider it an additional honour, if it should meet with your Grace's approval. The Collection is but humble in comparison with the objects which, through your Grace's judicious efforts, adorn the ancestral Castle of Alnwick ; still I hope that this publication may prove useful to Egypto- logists, and stimulate future travellers to increase accumulations so important to history, chronology, and every branch of philological knowledge. In the hope that the life of your Grace may be preserved for many years in health, for the benefit of science and the gratification of your friends, I remain, with much respect, My Lord Duke, Your Grace's faithful and humble servant, JOHN LEE. To Ms Grace, The Duke of Northumberland, K.G., S(c. S(c. S(c. 2107638 N". 1 DIVINITIES. The divinity Mau or Smu ■»" I "V represented as a man kneeling, with arms raised, bearing a disk on his head. Porcelain. Five eighths of an inch. A more perfect figure of the same divinity. The right li^nee on the ground, the left foot advanced, with the knee of the same limb raised. figure This position is the peculiar attitude of this divinity. The of this god occurs on each side of the door of the Hall of Columns of the Memnonium, sculptured in basso-relievo, holding a palm-branch in each hand. He is the god of periods or cycles, the god of Panegyrics, or periods of particular festivity or rejoicings, as signified by the position of the arms. A picture of this divinity, holding- the two palm-branches, is in Fig. 1. Plate 54 of Sir Gardner Wilkinson's plates to his second series of the Manners and Customs of the Ancient Egyptians. The two palm-branches terminate in the fignire of a tadpole standing- on a ring. The tadpole or porwiggle (toad and pold, gyrinus of Pliny, from yvpivos) is the hieroglyphic for a very large number. The centre figure of Plate 54 is taken from a colossal sculpture on the wall of the Hall of Columns, as above stated. She is recording the name of Rameses II. on the fruit of the tree of life, and appears to be in some way connected with this divinity. Porcelain. A whitish grey- coloured porcelain . One inch seven eiajhths. 3. Another specimen of the same, of finished work. Rude porcelain figures of the same divinity. C Hard porcelain. ! Brown glaze. ' 1 inch. Porcelain. Green glaze. Each , 1 inch. 8. A double figure of the divinity called Bes jn« or Hi |4i« ,in the Porcelain. usual position, the hands resting on the hips. The eyes, eyebrows, nose, and beard of this specimen are of a yellow-coloured glaze. Purchased at Madame Lavoratori's sale. May 1833. ( 2 ) >■". 9. A rude quadriform figure of the same divinity. | g^'t'^i im-h'.' 10. Another specimen, same divinity, single form, with a column behind. (porceiain.'^^i ITch. 11. A still more perfect specimen of the same, the back being formed. f "cV""*^'^'"' Several varieties occur in Plate 24 A of Sir G. Wilkinson's work, wherein tliis divinity is called Mars or Hercules. There is also a figure in terra cotta in the British Musuem, in which this divinity is represented in full annour, and in heroic position. See Fig. 1 . Plate 41 . 12. Another figure of Typhon, or the god Bas, with smooth back. | f,ueVaT'f°ndi. 1 3. Two figures of the god -^ Thoth, the smaller cut out of lapis lazuli, i-ap'^- Half an o o « ivv i inch. the other of the ordinary blue porcelain. "'''i 'inch!'''" This divinity may be considered the Mercury of the Egyptian Pantheon. He is represented with the head of the Ibis, and was the g'od of writing. Mr. Kesner, the Hanoverian Charge d' affaires at Rome, had a female H)is- headed figure, the only one known. It was of porcelain, and considerably larger than these or the following specimens of this divinity. i Stone, a quarter uf 14. Two rude and imperfect specimens of the Ibis-headed god of Egypt, one } ?,niDch. a fragment. ' inch. •■"&' lo. Another figure of the same. Porcelain, i inch. I Porcelain. Green 1 « . Three statues of the same . ■ ^"'1 ","/ .§' V^-, , ' I inch, 1| inch, IJ ^ inch. 1 7. Figure of the god * ? Ptiiah, in the usual position of this divinity. Porcelain. Blue »A '■ •' glaze. Scinches. bearing the composite wand, and clothed in the mysterious shroud of the mummy-form figures. This specimen is made of white earth, covered with the blue vitreous varnish. Apparently this specimen belonged to a network of beads, to which it was attached by three holes at the back of the figure. In this network, which enveloped tlie mummies of a certain epoch, it was usual to interweave also the figures of the four genii of Amenti, the Scarabaeus with its outstretched wings, and other emblems connected with the worship of the Egyptians ( 3 ) N». in relation to the dead. Pthah was the god of Lower Egypt ; and there were two important temples for his worship in Memphis. 18. Statue of the youthful Ik* HoRUS, the left leg advanced, and the right Bronze. 5 inches. arm extended. He wears the crown of Upper and Lower Egypt, and that peculiar lock of hair never omitted in the statues of the child-god, and the statues of the youthful sons of the kings of Egypt. He was the son of Isis and Osiris. This example seems to be of the later time, from the attitude and style of the fig^ure, most probably of the time of the later Ptolemies. 19. Statue of the child Horus in a half-sitting posture, with his finger to Bronze. 3 inches. his mouth. From the circumstance of the position of this divinity, it was supposed to represent the god of silence, but it is probable that the Egyptians adopted this position as indicative of childhood. The head-dress is that worn by youthful kings and princes. This specimen has a loop behind, by which it was suspended. The name of this divinity is J^ ^^ g«^pn^poT, or Harpocrates, which signifies Horus the child. 20. Figure of Horus standing on two crocodiles, and holding in either hand, Fine-grained red- as may be seen by reference to Plate 43 of Sir G. Wilkinson's work, Jl-om ule°nei'h-''' and to other examples of this artistic composition, snakes, and '"'"''''ood of 111 • 1 mi A.ssiiau. 6 in scorpions, and other dangerous animals. The whole is surmounted by the head of Typhon, the terrifier of evil spirits. These curious tablets were in all probabihty considered as channs by which the possessor was secured from the evils arising from the bite of the venomous animals represented on the tablet, and as being' under the special protection of the numerous divinities which the more perfect specimens exhibit on the back-ground of the figure. These tablets are not improbably analogous to the Teraphim which Rachel hid under the camels' clothes. They contain no Chmtian emblems, but, in some respects, resemble those of the Gnostic Christians of the second and third centuries, and they are probably of that same age. 21. The lower part of a similar tablet. This, like most examples of this Soft calcareous Egyptian talisman, has hieroglyphics at the back and on the side, f^nLoue'" '""''' and base. 1 inches. 22. Statue of the god Horus, of a more ancient style. Bronze, j inches. ( 4 ) X". 23. Highly-finislied statue of J ^ Isis, nursing Horus. The throne on the Hard porcelain. Green glaze. head has been broken oiF, as well as the left arm and the upper part ^ >°*^5- - of the figure of Horus. The figure of the child has, however, been supplied from another statue of somewhat smaller dimensions, but of equally excellent work. This .statue is of the Ptolemaic period, at which epoch the worship of this divinity (fi-om the numerous temples dedicated to her during the reign of the Greek kings) was very general. Purchased -at the sale of Madam Lavoratori's collection. 24. Another example of the same group, of less ancient work. Bronze. 4 inches. 25. A smaller group of the same divinities. The Horus fractured, as also the horns and disk. Bronze. ^ inches. 20. Small statue of Isis nursing Horus, without a single fi-acture. 27 Fragment of a similar group, in a hai'd fibrous material, not unlike petrified wood, or some extremely fibrous and silicious stone. On each side of the throne is engraved, in Egyptian basso relievo, the figures of two prisoners tied together by the elbow. Above the heads of these figures, on both sides of the throne or chair, is the prenomen of Pharaoh (Thothmoses II.), who lived 1350 B.C. Behind the throne is the figure of a sporting calf This extremely antique fragment has been anciently restored. The material is the most unsuitable for sculpture : nevertheless there are many scarabaei, and other objects carved in it. Purchased at Sotheby's, May 1.3, 1833. C Hard porcelain. , Green glaze. ' 2 inches. Unknown, proba- bly silicious schist, partially reddened by heat. 3J inches. 28. A Triad representing "TT * Nepthys, Horus, and Isis. Hard porcelain. J-LL ^ Blue glaze. See Encyclopedia Egyptiaca, by T. J. Pettigrew Esq., No. 1, page CO, ou the Triads of Egyjrt. U inch. See plate A, Fig. 4. The goddesses Isis and Nepthys were si.sters, and Horus was the son of Isis. 29. A similar Triad, less ancient style of work. 30. Another example of the same. I Porcelain. Light \ green glaze, t li inch. t Porcelain. Light .' blui/ glaze. I inch ( j eighths. ( 5 ) N". 31. Auotlicr example of the same triad, but of superior work. Porcelain, ijiuch. The material of this specimen is probably the same as the former, but covered with a red glaze. There is a loop for its suspension on the top. It may be remarked, that a throne or seat, which is carried on the head of Isis, stands for the letter S, is the pecuUar emblem of this divinity, and that object carried on the head of Nephthys is also used as the hieroglyph of her name. 32. In this specimen Isis is placed at the right hand of Horus, a difference Porcelain. which perhaps indicates another district of Egypt, or another epoch. This is larger than the others, and the glaze is grey. A' loop is contrived at the back. See plate, Fig. 5. 33. Erect figure of Isis. Sch^"'''"- This httle figure, hke many of the small porcelain statues of the goddess, has a small hole at the back, to hang it round the neck of the mummy. 34. Figure of Isis, ordinary work. Porcelain, i inch. 35. Nephthys, rude work. Porcelain. I inch. 36. Unfinished statue of Isis. i,apis. i inch. 37. Statue of Isis in the sitting position of the hieroglyphical inscriptions. j ^^^p'*- ^"^ ^° 38. Statue of the hawk-headed divinity ^^ Ra, wearing the crown of Porceiaiu. i inch. Upper and Lower Egypt. 39. Statue of the same divinity, of thick proportions and unfinished work. j l^p'J Lazuli. 40. The same divinity, in that sitting position peculiar to the divinities as Unknown hard they appear in the hieroglyphics. "* *"^ " 41. Anubis J . The jackall-headed divinity of Egypt. Porcelain, u inch. 42. Another specimen, of the same rude work Porcelain, i inch. ( 6 ) 43. The pigmy god of Sakkara ^ ^-^^^ J J , Ptiiaii Sokar Osiris. It Porceiam. uiuch. represents a youthful person of defective growth, as if water on the brain had occurred, and afterwards the j^erson had recovered and become muscular. Grown people retaining these peculiarities, are not very uncommon among the fellahs, or cultivators of the soil, at this day, in Egypt. 44. A remarkably fine specimen of this divinity, but wanting the legs. In this most perfect specimen of the porcelain sculpture of Eg-jpt all the characteristic features and details of that condition of growth, recognised in modern science as the foetal growth, are carried out to an extravagant degree. A spirit of sarcasm is by no means unfrequent in the pictures on the walls of the tombs of Upper Egypt ; and in the tombs behind the great Pjramid a people of this defective gTowth are represented tending- the cattle belonging to a race of men of superior physical developement. This figure is sometimes found with a scarabfeus on his head, and also in conjunction with two other divinities. — See Wilkinson Plate 24 A. This god of the Egyptians may have been supposed to represent the Vulcan of the Greeks, from the circumstance of his deformity. It is the pigmy god, which caused Cambyses to laugh. Purchased at Mr. Sotheby's, May 1833. From the collection of Madame Lavoratori. Fine hard porce- lain. Slight grey glaze. 4 inches. 45. Inferior but entire specimen of the same figure. All these examples, even the larger one, have a loop at the back for passing a cord. Hard I'orcelain. Blue glaze. I inch. 4(). Admirable and perfect specimen of the Hippopotamus-headed divinity. Ta-ur Thoueris. -k^ This remarkable composite figure, unlike the other animal-headed divinities of Egypt, has likewise the extremities of a quadruped, probably those of a lion, and the back of a hog. In this particular, it resembles some of the Nmevitish combinations, such as the divinity with ahon's head, human body and arms, and eagles' legs. — British Museum K-OYUNfiiK Gallery. The Hippopotamus figure always appears in the astronomical pictures on the ceiUngs of the royal tombs at Beban el moluke, and in that of the Memnonium. See also combinations of this divinity in Plate 40 of Sir G. Wilkinson. some cunous Hard porcelain. .1 udiciously glazed. 2i inches. 47. Inferior specimen of the same divinity. This hideous figure is engraved on ring-s found on the fingers of female mummies, and on the sides of head-rests, with another typhonic figure described at Nos. 4 and 5. Whenever delineated on the wooden pillows, there can be no question it was regarded as the dispeller of evd thoughts, or appalling visions during sleep. Lynx-headed compound figures were Hard Porcelaiu. lireen surface, lit- tle or no glaze. 2 inches. ( 7 ) 48. 49. 50. 51 52. 53 54. hidden under the pavement, at the entrances of the Assyrian palace of KJiorsabad ; and to guard them against the approach of evil spirits small, figTires of these frig-htful com- binations were worn about the person. Perfect figure of the same, but of imiDcrfect work. Another specimen of the same. Hard porcelain. Blue glaze. 2 inches. ( Green glaze. 1 i ( inch. Male lion-headed figure, wearing the crown of Upper Egypt, flanked by Porcelain, li inch, the two feathers of truth. The Uon-headed goi is rarely met with in the sculptures on the walls of the temples. He is given imder the name of Moui, in Sir G. AVilkinson's work, Plate 71. Bronze. 2 inches. Male lion headed figure, the divinity AjjiQ jl Ru-hes. The left arm is bent over the breast, as if holding something in the hand, but the work is so imperfect, that the form of the instrument cannot be ascertained. Brought from Egj'pt by Dr. Tattam, D.D. Figure of the lion-headed goddess, 4- ® Pasht. She is in the erect Bronze, a inches, position. The Urasus, or sacred snake, has been broken off the head, but in other respects the statue is perfect, and of a good period. This divinity is called in the hieroglyphical inscriptions the sister of Pthah. Slie was particularly worshipped at Bubastis, in Lower Egypt. Figure of Pasht, holding in her left hand the papyrus sceptre. This is Porcelain. Blue the attitude of the large black granite statues of the goddess : in the erect position, the left leg advanced. There is no Egyptian statue yet discovered with the right leg advanced beyond the left. Statue of NoFRE Atmoo 1 ^^ . He is distinguished by a lotus on his Hard porcelain, ' '' with a green and head, and two feathers proceedina; from it. In this specimen the lotus, '''"'^ vitreous sur- p, 11 P,,, T -I 1 ■ f^<^®- •" inches. teathei's, and dress, are oi a blue colour, while the rest is green. This divinity is of less frequent occurrence than the other of the Egj-ptian Pantheon, and rarely delineated on the walls of the temples. 55. Statue of the same divinity as the last. Porcelain. Hard black vitreous sur- This example also wanting the legs from the knee. This was suspended by a hole at the back of face. 3 inches, the lotus. Both these specimens are larger than is usual for figures that are to be suspended. The pendants from the lotus are more distinctly formed than in the fonner example. ( 8 ) N°. 56. Statue of the same divinity, in a sitting position. The hair and beard are painted with a black vitreous pigment, which has not been accurately apphed : the rest of the work of a deep blue. The two tall feathers have been broken off. It may be proper to remark that the feathers worn by this divinity proceed out of the centre of the lotus flower, which is placed on the top of the hair ; and likewise, that in the front aspect of the fig'ure the edge of the feathers are presented, and not the front, in which particular they ditt'er from those which proceed out of the cap of Amun Ra See Sir G. Wilkinson's Plat« 48. Purchased at Sotheby's, Lot 140, May 1833. Hard porcelain. Transparent deep blue varnish, 'ij inches. 57. Statue of a man, with an unknown animal's head. Porcelain, i inch. The dress, from the waist to the knees, is different from the usual form. The head has some resemblance to the ram, and, if so, it will be a statue of the god I Amun. 58. Figure of a woman wearing the cap of Upper and Lower Egypt, pro- Broiue. 3 inciies. bably the goddess ^1^ Mdt. The cap is furnished with that horn, or curved process, seen in all the basso relievi, but never in the round statues. 59. Figure of a man in the Egyptian erect position. Of Roman or foreign work. Porcelain. Green glaze. H incli. (30. Figure of a man holding a flail in his right hand. The head is excessively large, and the whole appears rather a foreign imitation of Egyjitian work, perhaps from the Cyrenaica or Malta. Porcelain. Green varnish. If inch. 61. Figure of a man seated, probably intended for Pthah. The attitude of the arms is quite unusual : in the left hand are two cakes. The cap and hair are in imitation of the Egyptian fashion, but it has the appearance of having been e.xecuted in Roman times, or in some country acknowledging the Egyptian worship. Presented by Mr. Barker. Bronze. 3 inches. 62. Lower part of a figure in a sitting position. Dark green steatite, from the This little figure has been of good work, but much injured. The matei-ial is soft, and it has ^'cmity of Assuan. been perforated through the body, and worn since it lost its head. " ( 9 ) 63. Plaster cast, from a bronze in the collection of Sir John Soane. riaster. Probably a French forgery, intending' to represent an elephant-headed god, or the Tapir-headed god, -n-hich is commonly defaced on the monuments of Egypt, and of which no porcelain, bronze, or stone figure in the round, has yet been discovered. inches. 64. Fragment of a figure of Osiris. This little flsrure has been worn as an ornament. Wood, gilt. Half an inch. 65. Figure of j "^ , Osiris. The name of this divinity is usually written in the characters employed in the text, and the tomb, as we learn from ancient pictures, was commonly decorated with two large human eyes; so hkewise was this eye painted on the bows of the funereal barge, which conveyed the deceased to the western bank of the Nile. The custom of painting an eye in the same part of the vessel is not uncommon in China, and it is found on the small boats that ply about the port of Valetta, in Alalta. Bronze. 2 inches. 66. Another specimen, Avith three loops. The object of these loops is entirely unknown. Tliis is of rude work, Roman period. 67. Small figure of Osiris. This figure is of ancient proportions, and has the disk on the top of the cap. 68. Another figure of the same divinity. This figure has a loop at the right ankle, and one behind. •Bronze. 4 inches. Bronze. 4 inches. Bronze. 4 inches. 69. Somewhat smaller than the prececUng specimens, but curious from Bronze. -24 inches. being fixed on its ancient wooden pedestal. Like the two last examples, there is a loop at the right ankle, as well as a loop at the back. The pedestal is a species of the fir-tree. 70. Osiris as judge or king of Amenti. In this capacity he is represented as clothed in the mysterious dress of the dead, and wears the crown of Lower Egypt, or the lower world, adorned with the emblem of truth and justice. This remark applies equally to the preceding examples. Presented by the Rev. H. Tattam, who brought it from Cairo in 18.39. Bronze. 2 inches. 71. Fragment of a statue of the same divinity, of larger dimensions. c Bronze. 4 inche ( 10 ) No. 72. Fioure of Osiris in a sitting position as iuclffe of the dead and king of Sycamore wood. ° . ° ^ JO ^ g inches. Amenti. This curious little statue, is made of the wood of the STcamore-tree. The back of the chair or throne is continued as high a.*i the cap of the figiire, and of the width of the seat, and has been excavated at the back, for the purpose of hiding within the cavity a small roll of papyrus, or a fcetus. The figure, and the whole work, has been gilded. It was purchased for 11 shillmgs, at Madame Lavoratori's sale. Mr. T.J. Pettigrew, the learned Egyptian scholar, bought the next lot, 155, in which a foetus was found. 73. Ancient terra-cotta mould of a figure of Osiris. Probablv for making- figures of this divinity in wax. Presented by C. F. Barker, Esq. Baked clay. 5 inches. 74. Mould for casting figures of the human-headed genius of Amenti. ... Limestone. 3f ^6 "o'"^" -- -"- ..^....... ..^^^.^s.. ^ ...„ w. ^^ V. inches. Half the figure is engraved in one piece, and half in the other. This mould explains very satisfoctorily how the porcelam figures were made. 75. The nose of a mummy figure, or statue made of terra-cotta and plaster, gilt. 76. The face of a statue of a man. This fraoinent is of admirable sculpture, and in the ancient style. The beard has been purposely destroyed, and the nose injured by friction. Basalt. The face, '2^ inches. 77. Head of a man, of rude work, with amj^le locks, divided into coarse course porceiam. irregular divisions, and flattened behind. This specimen is curious, as exhibiting in a remarkable degree the composition of which the coarser porcelain figures are made, for it has lost almost all the vitreous coating. 78. A mask in yellow porcelain, with blue eyes. From Mr. Athanasi's collection. The colouring matters, are Naples yellow, and antimoniate of lead, according to Sir H. de la Beche, July 15, 1856. Three-eighths of an inch. 79. Head of a female, imperfect, and of rude execution. This fragment is curious, as shewing a mode of casting statues and ornaments for which a patent has lately been taken. It is made of plaster and canvas, the very usual material of the immediate envelope of the mummy, or the inner case of a sarcophag'us. Very little remains of paint. Presented by Mr. Coster, of Alexandria. Canvas and plas- ter. 2J inches. ( 11 ) N". 80 Fisure of a female in the erect position, the rioht arm straight down the Common tei o r ' o o cotta. 5 in- side, the left bent over the chest, holding probably a lotus. From the disposition of the hair, and proportions of the fig-ure, there is no doubt of its being of the age of the eighteenth dynasty. It is remarkably interesting, as exhibiting the mode of making- such figures, and porcelain fig-ures in general. The mould in this case was in two pieces. The artist had, by some carelessness, put too much clay in each half of the mould, so that the two halves could not be brought together, and therefore the limbs in the profile views are preposterously wide. Such instances of carelessness are not uncommon in Greek terra cottas. There is another defect to be noticed in the preparation of the claj- : a piece of quartz has been suffered to remain in it, and hence the knee of the left leg has flown oft" in the baking. This figure probably served as a handle to a bronze disk, or looking-glass, or some other imple- ment of the toilette. Procured by Mr. Coster. terra iches. raeu. One 7? inches ; the other 7 inches. 81.) Two figures, probably from the heajD in the chamber of the tomb of Sycamore wood, 82.) Oimeuephtha I., B.C. 1160, the greater number were not inscribed, and these have all the characteristics of the style of art, of the inscribed samples. The tomb in which they were found, was discovered by Belzoni. Presented by Admiral Smyth. The liieroglyphics from one of the little figures found in the same tomb, are pubhshed in " Egyptian Inscriptions, by Samuel Sharps, pi. 71 B." Moxon, London, 1840. 83. Figure of the mummy of a man, with six horizontal lines of hieroglyphics Alabaster. , . ,, , 7 inches. engraved in the stone. The hieroglyphics have been filled with a brown paste: they are of ancient form. See plate 1, fig.C. 84. Statue of a mummified person in the usual form, with five horizontal lines Alabaster, ej of hieroglyphics, and one perpendicular at the back, in black pigment. '""^ ^^' These hieroglyphics have been improperly re-touched. 85. Rude figure of a mummy. This statue has been modified into the prescribed form, from a piece of stone accidentally resembhng a mummy. The features, and a few of the leading Unes of the figure, are drawn on the surface with ink. The whole has been varnished with a green-coloured wax. Alabaster. 6 inches. 86. Similar figure to the last. Made under the same circumstances, and apparently by the same hand. Alabaster . inches. ( 12 ) No. 87. 88 89. Alabaster, inches. ii Figure of a mummy. This likewise has been modified into the prescribed form, out of a rude piece of alabaster bearing a very indistinct resemblance to the figure of an embalmed person. Rude and uncouth as this performance is, it is still of great interest, for there is no question, from the handwriting- and the cartouch, which are so entirely in harmony with each other, that it was made during- the reign of Rameses V., 1000 B.C. It lias been covered with a composition of red and green wax. Figure of a mummy, with five horizontal lines of hieroglyphics, in perfect Ebony or Acacia. 5J inches. preservation. The wood of which this Uttle figure is made is remarkable for its weight and hardness. The marks of the ancient instrument used to smooth the wood are quite evident on several parts of the surface. See plate 1, fig. 15. Figure of a mummified ladv, with one line of hieroglyphics down the Hard wood. '^ '' ° •' ^ 9 inches. front. Of inferior work, but decorated with black, yellow, red, and white pigments. 90. Figure of a mummified lady, rude work, formerly covered with bitumen. This figui-e must have been for ag-es exposed to the action of the dripping of water, either fi-om the dew, or the periodical rains in that part of Egypt, Sakkara, from which it is said to have been brought. A stream carrying with it a quantity of sand would effect that kind of excavation in the leg and foot in a short time. 91. Rude figure of a mummy, painted white, with red face, black hair, and one line of hieroglyphics inscribed in black pigment down the front, in which the deceased has the title of scribe. Unknown wood. 05 inches. Sycamore. 4^ inches. 92. Figure of a mummy. Undoubtedly by the same hand as the preceding, and probably representing the wife of the former. In this figure a white fillet is bound round the head, the two ends hangring- down behind. The basket hangs in the middle of the back, in both figures, but in the male figure it is in red pigment, in the female m black. Purchased of Mr. Athanasi. 93. Figure of a mummy. Of inferior work : from the head to the elbow being more than half the length of the whole figure : some remains of paint on the face and hands. If it were not for a few hieroglyphics, which none but a hierogrammatist could have written, this work might have been attributed to an Arab. Sycamore. 4f inches. Calcareous stone, from the vicinity of Thebes. HJ inches. 94 Figure of a mummy of a man, uninscribed. Porcelain. Green glaze. 2J inches. ( 13 ) 95. Figure of the mummy of a man, the back not sculptured. One line of Hard porcelain. hieroglyphics down the front. giazj.'' fsluches. 96. Figure of the mummy of a man, plain in front, but inscribed down the Hard porcelain. ° ^ ' r > Green glaze. 3J column at the back. inches. 97. Fragment of the statue of the mummy of a man, of coarse work. Fragile porcelain. Green glaze, ^j In the fracture may be seen the white sand which constitutes tlie main ingredient of this kind inches. of porcelain. This has the dedication in a horizontal hne, and the rest of the inscription in a perpendicular line of carelessly-formed hieroglyphics. 98. Fragment of a somewhat laro-er statue of a mummy. Porcelain. '^ ^ "^ . . 4| inches. This example is entirely deprived of its varnish by long exposure to the drifting sands of the desert, or from the very scanty supply of the vitreous composition originally. 99. Figure of the mummy of a man, of the same fashion and age as the Porcelain. Abun- „ dant grey glaze. fragment 9/, but perfect. 4^ inches. 100. Fifture of a mummy entire, but entirely deprived of its okze : of the Porcelain. 1 r. , . >T ^ \, & ' 4i inches. same age and fashion as Nos. 99 and 97. 101. Figure of the mummy of a man, of the age and fashion of the last, Porcelain. Grey ° J ' & g]a^jg_ 4j inches. perfect. 102. Figure of a mummy. One line of illegible hieroglyphics down the front. | Abundanrgreen" ( glaze. 4| inches. 103. Ditto, of the same period, with a line of hieroglyphics in front and back. Porcelain. Green glaze, o inches. Presented by Admiral Smyth. 104. Figure of a mummy, excessively wide and flat. Probably representing Porcelain. Blue a Nubian, and made in Nubia. One line of hieroglyphics down the an^dhairJ'IjinThes. front. ( 1-i ) N" J 05. Another figure, of the same period, but without any vitreous covering, porceiain. A line of indistinct hieroglyphics, beginning with the usual formula, inciL^™' " down the front. 10(3. Fio-ure of the mummy of a man, of long proportions, with one horizontal Porcelain. Blue and one perpendicular line of almost illegible hieroglyphics. ^' Presented by Admiral Smyth. 107. Figure of the mummy of a man, elaborate beard, groved hair, holding Soft porcelain, in his right hand the hoe, and the cord of the seed-bag thrown over 8 inches. the left shoulder, while in his left hand he holds only that other agricultural instrument which the numerous figures of this period always bear. Nine lines of hieroglyphics occupy the space from the elbow to the ankle Presented by W. Till E-sq., dealer in coins and antiquities, London, October 1840. I OB. Fragment of a mummy of a man mucli larger than the ordinary por- p(,r(.g,a^|„ j„ ^^ celain figures, probably of the Roman period : the beard plaited, the fectiy glazed. 7 ears extremely large, the basket semilunar. Only five lines of hiero- glyphics remain, as the figure is broken at the knees. 109. Fioure of a mummy, of inferior woi"k, seemingly of the Eoman epoch, Porcelain. Green . . glaze, fi-^ inches. the hand, occupied in the prescribed way, but the seed-bag semilunar in form, not square, as in most other specimens. This example wants the feet, and the hieroglyphics are less carefully sculptured. 110. This figure is unquestionably the work of the same artist as that who Hard porcelain. modelled 108, and the hieroglyphics of the scribe who engraved those [^XL^''^''^' ^ on fragment 56. Only four lines of hieroglyphics remain. Purchased by Sir T. Phillips, Bart., and re-purchased by Dr. Lee, at Mr. J. Barker's sale by Mr. Sothebj', March 13, 1833. 111. Well-defined figure of a mummified person, with the hoe or digging Hard porcelain. . , , , - , , , 1 • 1 . Ill Little green glaze. instrument in the right hand, ami the cord by winch is suspended the sj inches high, ij inch wide. ( 15 ) NO. seed-bag, and the unknown instrument in the left, all distinctly re-touched, as well as the column of hieroglyphics, after the image came out of the mould. 112. Perfect figure of a mummy of the Roman period: excessively large gia^e^'^'sj jn^'i^^'^" head, plaited beard, large eyes. Six lines of hieroglyphics. Square bag. From Mr. Jolm Barker's collection, sold at Sotheby's, March 13, 1833, purchased by Sir T, Phillips, Bart., and re-purchased bj' Dr. Lee. These figures were probably formed in a mould in two pieces, and the hieroglyphics, imple- ments, and features, skillfully re-touched while the clay was soft. 113. Admirable specimen of a mummy figure of a man: elaborately-plaited porcelain. Greeu beard, the hands disposed exactly as the last described. Eight ^"^' lines of horizontal hieroglyphics. This specimen is perfectly entire. 114. Figure of a mummy, of much better proportions, in which the form is porceiaiu. Little assisted b}-- paint. Four lines of hieroglyphics in front, and one huT' 5^nc1i'es.° down the back, written in ancient style, and burnt in. There is no difference in the instruments in either hand, and the bag differs from the usual form. No beard. 115. Figure of a mummy: plaited beard, large head, the instruments not Porcelain. Blue expressed. One line of inscription down the front, in blue vitreous ^'*^''' ^•"'='><'^- pigment, filling up the cavity of the hieroglyphics. Perfect specimen. 116. Figure of a mummy of a man, of rude work, the sculpture assisted Porcelain. 4| incli6s by lines in a black pigment, which is burnt in with the vitreous coating. It has a single line of hieroglyphics down the front, in the same pigment. This little statue is remarkable in that it is covered with a white transparent glaze, and not the usual blue or green mixture. Presented by T. J. Pettigrew, Esq., September 4, 1841. ( 16 ) 117. Fi&'ure of a woman, rudely formed, lying on a couch, retaining perfectly Limestone. 7 inches. its colour. It is, however, of doubtful antiquity. IIB 119. Statue of a female, lying full length on a couch, 5 inches long. No. 291 of G. Atlianasi's collection, March 1837. Thi.s statue is probably the cover of a little mummy-case, or coffin of stone. Calcareous rock of the Thebaic!. 3^ inches. of Kennah are made. 3J inches. Cynocephalus in a sitting position, totally covered with hair : in that UnbateJ ciav, of respect different from several others in this collection, which have only the wauT^-botties' a kind of tippet, representing long hair. Brought from Eg^'pt by the Rev. H. Tattam. On the pedestals of the obelisks of Luxor, the Cynocephalus is sculptured on two sides of them in alto-relievo. On the other two faces of the pedestals are representations of the god Xilus bringing- on trays the productions of Egypt. These last are in the incavo-rehevo of Egyptian sculpture, and on the east and west faces of the pedestal. 120. Cynocephalus, or ape, eating dates from a whole branch. " This is a sample of a kind of sculpture not practised in modern times. It may be described as a perforated basso-reUevo, worked on both sides, or as a iig-ure in the round, perfect only in the two profiles, no regard being paid to the front and back views, the transverse dimen- sions of which are thinner than is compatible with the side dimen.sions. Coarse baked clay. No glaze. 3 inches. 121. Rude figure of the Cynocephalus in the attitude of adoration, the palms steatite. Ui.ich. of the hands turned up. In this attitude this emblem of Thoth and Nubia is found, on the bases of the obelisks of Luxor, on the architrave of the temple of Edfoo, on the top of the cornice of the large excavated temple of A bu.simbal, and elsewhere, that is, in the attitude of adoring the sun. 122. C3'nocephalus, unfinished. steatite, ijinch. 123. An admirable figure of a monkey, sitting, -with his hands on his knees, i Hard porcelain. ° .; ' D' j Green glaze. I meh. 124. Figure of the dog-faced baboon, in a sitting position. This specimen is of steatite, dipped into the glaze of copper. Sir H. de la Beche, July 15, 1853. Hard stone. Half an inch. 125. Dog-faced baboon, or Cynocephalus, perfect, and in the usual sitting Hard porcelain, position of the larger statues of this animal. iu'Ji^. "^ The Cynocephalus was an emblem of >'ubia, and of the Ibis-headed divinity Thoth. ( 17 ) N». 126. The figure of a dog-faced baboon, in basso relievo, sitting on tlie Hard porcelain, hieroglyphical emblem for the syllable Mai. On the other face of this iiincii."^"'^ curious work, is a single cartouch inclosing the hieroglyphics that compose both the nomen and prtenomen of Rameses II. 127. Apis, or a bull, with the lunar disk between the horns, on a pedestal of Bronze. Verde di Prato. It was No. 79 of Madame Lavoratori's Collection. inches. 128. Disk, with two horns, and the remains of the urajus. It belonsred to a statue of a bull. Athanasi's Sale. Bronze, l' inch. 129. Figure of a bull, with solar disk between the horns, engraved on both Bronze. 2 inches sides of a thin plate of copper the thickness of the sixteenth of an inch, the figure being accurately cut out to the contour on one side. Procured by Mr. Coster. 130. Statue of a bull in basso relievo, with globe between the horns, on a Soft porcelain. thick back-ground, which is perforated with two holes, and seems to 1 finch. have formed part of a necklace. 131. Figure of a cow in a sitting position, with the globe, the double ostrich Black and white feathers between the horns, it being intended to signify Isis. This i.s an admirable specimen of the proficiency to which the ancient Egyptians had attained in fusing together different coloured glasses, or in making imitations of precious stones, this being' in imitation of the onyx. 132. Bull, inferior work. 133. Two bulls, sitting, with disk between the horns. Hard porcelain. Green glaze, h an inch. Hard porcelain. Blue glaze. J of an inch. 134. A tray containing eight fio-ures of bulls tied ui) for sacrifice, as they are One of green mct- •' o D o I 7 J tjgd siiicious rock. seen represented on the monuments : seven of the eight are in a red probably green stone, of various qualities, and one in baked earth. incMo j of an " It is said that Pythagoras sacrificed a hundred oxen when he discovered the i/th proposition recorded in the first book of EucUd. D ( 18 ) 135 Figure of a bull tied up for sacrifice. This composition of g'lass seems intended to imitnte lapis lazuli. It has all the appearance of having- heen cast, or pressed in a mould. Blue glass, li inch. 136 137 138 130 140. 141 Figure of a ram, in the attitude of the sphinxes of the Ptolemaic Pilon Hard porcelain. ^ '■ clue glaze, h an at Karnak. inch. Tills httle fig-ure has had a loop to suspend it. Statue of a ram in the attitude of a sphinx. Greenish white si- licious rock. 14 inch. The figure of a ram or sheep, sitting with his legs bent under him, in Hard porcelain. , , .. PI. -1 /-\i 1 ■! PI Ti Green varnish. the usual position oi this animal. Un the under side ot the plinth are j of an inch. the hieroglyphics Cc^ jj), signifying "lord of life." The ram being the figurative emblem of the divinity Amuii, the whole would signify " Amun, the lord of life." Figure of a fox, or jackall, in the position of a sphinx, and with the tail .Sycamore wood. extended in the direction of the body. The entire figure is painted ''^ '°*^ ^'^ ""^' l)lack, with the exception of a red mark round the neck, representing a collar or ribbon, the ends of which hang down in front. This figure is the liieroglyphic of Anubis, as guardian of the dead, and accordingly these statues are foimd placed on the foot of the mummy case, and painted in the last compartment of the sarcophagus. It has a hole for the insertion of a peg to affix it to the sarcophagus. Purchased of Mr. Cureton, the respected dealer in antiquities, who purchased it at Mr. Burton's Sale, .luly 183G. Four kittens. This specimen is much covered with the incrustation common to ancient bronzes. Figure of a cat, perfect. The cat was sacred to the goddess Pasht, the cat, or lion-headed divinity of Bubastis, a city of the Delta, in the nome or division of that name. See Plate 11 of the Chronology and Geography of ancient EgJiit, by Samuel Sharpe, in which work, and in a map dedicated to the Sjto- Egj'ptian Society of London, the nomes were for the first time accurately laid down, and the place and size of the lake Moeris, accurately defined. Bronze. 1 inch high. If inch long. Hard porcelain. Green glaze. } of an inch. 142. <'at. only partially formed. Hard porcelain. Green glaze, j of an inch. ( 19 ) No. U,, t:i- f> , 1 1 $ Brown hard porce- •i. 1^ igure 01 a cat, rude Avork. < lain, j of an inch. 144. Figure of a cat, rude work. B^n^e. 14 inch. 145. A cat, well formed, the legs broken. Bronze. 2j inches. Purchased of Mr. Cureton. 146. Cat from Thebes. Limestone. , Is inch. Purchased of Mr. Cureton, who purchased it a few days previously, at Mr. Burton s Sale, m July 1836. See 641. 147. Sphynx, purchased at the Sale of Mr. Salt or Mr. Burton. Set"^' Of inferior work. 148. A lion of Greek or Eoman times, extremely well executed. It has had Hard porcelain. ii y n Greeu glaze. a loop for suspending it, which is broken, as well as the tore paws. 2 inches. From Mr. Burton's Collection. 149 A. Figure of a lion, exactly in the attitude of the two granite lions presented j^^^^ porcelain, to the national collection by Lord Prudhoe, the princely patron of Gree° fj a^'^l^eh Egyptian science. It is of inferior work, but variegated porcelain. There has lately been added to the national Egyptian collection a lion in g-ranite, in tlie same position, bearing the name of Barneses II., carved on the back of the figure. The statue is pro- bably of much more ancient work. / Hard porcelain. -t n\ CI M n ^■ ■ ^ ■ ^ o ^ ^ • < Green glaze. | of l4y B. Small statue 01 a lion ni the attitude 01 the sphinx. ( an inch. 150. Two cats or lions, sitting, not in the usual position of the cat. These caraeiian. 1 of an small figures are perforated. 151. Figure of an Ichneumon. On the front of the base, and on one side, are Bronze. 3 inches. some hieroglj-phics, which have been translated by Dr. Leemans as follows ; " Horus, lord of the two countries, the vivifying pet Isi for ever." The tail of the animal has been broken off. ^ ( 20 ) No. 125 153. Figure of a hedgehog. On the top of the back of the animal is a human Coarse hard porce- head, to which is attached the rim and aperture of the cavity of biuegiaze. 3 which the animal forms the exterior. |°^S|g3 J^^gg' '* The eyes are white, and the upper part, including the head and neck of the vase, hght blue. Figure of a sow in a walking position, a large loop on the back for Hard porcelain. T . , Brown glaze. suspending it. ■ ■ * This sample is entire. 1 inch. 154. Another fioure of a sow. 155. 156. 157. 158. 159 A. 159 B. 100 a. 100 B. This specimen has lost its loop. An inferior specimen to the two former, but entire. Two small statues of a sow. Figure of a sow, small and imperfect work, although entire. Hard porcelain. Blue glaze. I of an inch. ( Hard porcelain. ( Blue glaze. r Hard porcelain. \ Black glaze, f ( 4 au inch. C Hard porcelain < Green trlaze. ^ Green glaze. J an inch. Long- eared hare or rabbit, in the position this animal is found in the Coarse porcelain. hieroglyphical inscriptions. uln^h.''™'^ The glaze in this specimen is almost de.stroyed. Figure of a hawk, imperfectly burnt, the vitreous glaze melted into Coarse porcelain, blisters, and some bead rings attached to the right wing by fusion. ^" '"'''^'' Presented by Mr. J. Barker, April 184i. Small statue of a Hon, in the attitude of a sjAinx. Statue of a hawk, in the style of the Ptoman period, nearly entire. Purchased at Mr. Sotheby's, May 1833, out of the collection of Madame Lavoratori. Statue of a hawk. This work of art is of fore-feet broken off. Purchased at the Sale of Madame Lavoratori's Egyptian Antiquities at Mr. Sotheby's, May 1833. This work of art is of the Roman period. The beak, rijiy un tlie back, ]iart of the tail and fore-feet broken off. Hard porcelain. H inch. Excessively hard porcelain. Browii glaze. I4 inch. Hard porcelain. Brown glaze, l-i inches. ( 21 ) N". 161. Statue of a hawk. Hard porcelain. ttreen glaze. This is of more ancient work than the last described. The forms are more eleg'ant, the feathers 2 inches. less coarsely deiined. Purchased at the Sale of Mr. Athanasi's collection. 162. Head of an eagle, of beautiful work, of the Eomau or late Greek period. f°nch^'^'' "°''^' The eyes were of some other material, and they have disappeared. 163. Three little statues of hawks. p^o^'rceUiil'^Green The one on the left hand carved out of lapis, hut unfinished, the centre one carved out of blue S'^^^- ? ^" '°'=^' glass, and the smallest of porcelain, and wearing the crown of Upper and Lower Egypt. t an inch. 164. Figure of a hawk with a human head, rudely sculptured, and some little Sycamore wood. . . ^ 1 3^ inches. remams of pamt. This composite iigiire represents the human soul, as may be gathered from the pictures on the walls of the tombs, and in the funereal papyri, where this figure is often represented as flying towards the face of the embalmed body, to reanimate it. This specimen has a beard, and therefore represents the soul of a man. Presented by Admiral Smyth. 165. Another figure of the human-headed hawk. Sycamore wood. This specimen is of better work, and in better preservation. Round the neck is represented, as if suspended by a cord, the figure of the Nilometer, the emblem of stabiUty. This figure has no beard. Both have a hole drilled in the plinth for fixing, perhaps, on the mummy-case. Purchased of Mr Cureton, August 5, 1836, probably from Mr. Burton's collection. 166. Bird-shaped figure, with human head. Limestone. 2 inches. ResembUng the figure of the Harjiy in the monument from Lj-cia, but in reahty the Egyptian representation of the soul. 167. Ibis, in the same crouching position Porcelain. Light and dark blue With two tints of vitreous covering. Wanting both head and loop. glaze. 1^ inch. 1 /*o r^ T r in p.ixi' Coarse porcelain. Ibo. Coarsely-tormed figure of the Ibis. No glaze, jofan inch. 169. An Ibis, resting on the first joint of his legs. Porcelain. Blue Of admirable work, but the end of the beak, and the feather with which it was connected, broken. Presented by the Rev. H. Tattam, on his arrival from Egypt in the summer of 1839. 3!, inches. ( 22 ) N" 170. A perfect little statue of an Ibis in the croucliiiit!- position. Hard punchuu. ^ . Green glaze. J of The loop by which it was suspended, and the feather of Truth which supports the long' curved an inch. beak, are here perfect. This specimen, unlike the former three, has not the spaces between the limbs, or the e.xurg'ue, as it may be called, cut away, and to this may be principally attributed its perfect condition. 171 The Uncus, or sacred asp, of bronze. Bronze. 13 inch. In one of the compartments into which the Eg'yptian artists were wont to divide the inflated part of the neck of tliis serpent is still left a piece of hipis lazuli, or blue glass. The two next compartments would have been tilled with a red composition, and the two lower with a g'reen. From Athanasi's collection. It has belonged to the caji of some statue, made of various materials, bronze being the principal. Clot Bey informed the maker of this catalogue that the Egyjitian Cobra was not a venomous serpent. 172. Entire figure of the hooded snake of Egypt, in the position it occurs Cameiian. jan in the hieroglyphics fQ. It has a small hole for suspending. 173. The Egyptian Cobra, in tlie attitude of the inscriptions. Coarse porcelain, Inferior work. '^^f'''' '^"'" glaze. 173 A. Figure of the Urjcus. Blue glass, u In the position it is found in tlie hieroglyphics at the beg-inning of royal legends. In this exaniiile the serpent has the head of a lion, a combination of less ancient times, and probably from Bubastis. 17-1. Head of a snake. Camelian. J an inch. This is the head of the snake which forms part of the group of hieroglyphics that signify for ever. /~~'^ It is beautifully executed. 175. Head of an unknown aniiiial, with a looi) attached to the neck. i "•"•<• pf-ceiaiu. '1 ( Blue glaze. 17(5. Card, containing three crocodiles and one lizard. Porcelain, niue The word for crocodile now in use in the coimtry is Timsah, which is the ancient Egyjitian word for the animal, with the feminine article T prelixed, TJU.e(j0P. and green glaze. ( 23 ) N". 177. Two Froos. One admirably formed and painted, witli black eyes, and :i bhick streak down its back, other cut out of Iiard stone. Tlie Porcelain. Blue glaze. 1 inch. 178. Statue of a Frog, the size of nature. It has just been discovered by Professor Le]isius, that tlie frog'-lieaded divinities represent one of tlie four Elements. This ancient cheniical illusion may now be quoted as another proof that the science, and the name by which the science is known in Europe, were derived from 179. Egypt, whose ancient hieroglyphical name is Chemi. Statue of a Frog, unfinished. ,© Hard green stone, or serpentinous rock. 2k inches. Hard green stone. 5 of an inch. 180. Tliree figures of frogs. One in soft stone, one hard atone, one g-lass. Two of them are perforated to be worn. i an inch, jf of an inch, I of an inch. 181. Figure of a Fish of the Nile. The meaning attached to the figure of this animal in the hieroglyphics, is " impurity," yet it is represented in the pictures in the tombs as being caught in great quantities, and salted for food. It is a large fish, and in great abundance during the inundation. 182. Three disks on stands, representing the solar disk. |S| Two are in stone, one in green glass. 183. Two disks, one having a line parallel to its circumference. They are not perfectly circular, but rather wide, like the disks in the hieroglyphics. 184. Four hieroglyphical emblems. Representing the sun descending behind the mountains of the we.st. 185. Card, containing fourteen heart-shaped hieroglyphical emblems, t^ They are supposed to represent a vase in which the heart of the deceased is placed to be weiglied when he arrives at the Hall of Judgment, as seen in the representation in tlie funereal papyri. Two of this collection are made of obsidion, or black glass, one canielian, one root of emerald, or greenish talcose rock, one ironstone, or reddish calcareous rock, one sandstone, one liard stone, engraved, six of various hard stones, one porcelain. Purchased at the sale of the antiquities of Madame Lavoratori, Jlay 1833, at Mr. Sotheby's, Lot 186. Green talcose rock, called radice di smeraldo by the Levantines. IJ inch. • Green talcose rock. White calcareous rock. Mottled siliciOHS rock. From i to 5 of an ■ incli. [ Dark grey slate ' rock. Drab co- ' loured silicious rock. J of an inch. Two are in hard polished rod jasper rock, and two in rosso antico, or red calcareous rock. From i to i of an inch. ( 24 ) N". 186. Perfect and larse fiaure of the Nilometer, surmounted by the cap of Hard porcelain. _ _ o ° _ ^1 Black glaze. Osiris, with horus, but no disk. 4 inches. This emblem in the hieroglyphical writings seems to impart stahility or strength. It derives its name Nilometer from the supposition that an instrument of this shape, but larger, wa.s jilaced in the lands overflown during the inundation, to ascertain the depth of water and thereby determine the amount of tax the proprietor would have to pay. — S. Sharpe. 187. Veiy elegant specimen of the instrument called the Nilometer, or Hard porcelain. Green glaze. 2^ emblem of stability. ^"^ imj. This instrument is represented as hung over the breast of the httle human-headed hawk re- presenting the soul, (See No. 165), to signify that the soul of the deceased should have stability or fortitude when it arrives in the House of .ludgment ; and for this purpose one or more of these porcelain figures are found in the cavity of the chest of the embalmed person, or wrapped u]i m the hnen bandages that encircle the upper pari of the body. Nilometer in wood, gilt. I Sycamore wood, ( gilt. IJ inch. ( Porcelain From j 1 to 1:^ inch. 180. Card, containing twelve emblems of stability. 1 J)(). Card, containing fifteen of the hieroglyphical emblems signifying stability. | fi trifinch^""" 101. Card, with twelve emblems of stability, intellect, and knowledge. The four bars have been supposed to have allusion to the four patriarchs. One is in lapis, and one in carnehan, the rest in porcelain. Varying from I to 2 inches. 192. A Card containing eioht emblems in hard stone uf various kinds. 19:3. v^i- . . .^1 .ivii^fu ivii.ti. Hard coloured and ^ "^ ' " 'I ^bite silicious or Five of these objects, represent a kind of tassel-hke appendage to the back of the upper and/ felspathic rock. back part of the dress of Pthah. Wilkinson, Pan., P. 23. '^""" ' ' " 1{ feb From ^ to U nch. The human eye, with certain appendages. ^^^ This is one of the largest and best specimens of the symbol in it;, simple form It is made of line porcelain, and covered with a beautiful blue vitreous surface. There is no hole or contrivance for suspending, as in the smaller ones, and therefore not worn, but probably it was inserted m the left side of the scarcophagus, or in the left side of the body, where an "incision is made in the process of embalming. This specimen was purchased in IS:J4 or 1835, at a Sale at Mr. Sotheby's. There is drawing of it in Mr. Pettigrew's Work on Mummies, at Plate 8, No. 5. ( 25 ) NO. 194. Coarse ill-formed eye, with tlic usual appendao-es, slightly modified. Porcelain, imper.; •^ ' fi n ' o J fectly varnished. This large specimen is perforated. 3 inches long. 105. A square tablet, with two eyes in low relief, with the usual appendages. Hard porcelain. On the top of the tablet is the head of Typhon. glaze, u incii This amulet was worn probably to avert the effects of the evil eye, and also to guarantee the wearer from evil spirits. 196. Tlie double eve, the eyebrows placed togcthor. ^J'"^'' porceia.n. " ' "^ ^ ^ Urown varnish. In the former specimen the lower lids were together. J of an inch. 197. The human eye, with a figure and other emblems. Coarse porcelain. Blue varnish. This is one of those complicated combinations of symbols that is almost impossible to describe. IJ inch. The verj' common symbol of the eye, with the straight and curved pendents of the lower lid being the principal. On the back is a figure of Horus, wearing the crown of Upper and Lower Egypt, and before him a large Urseus. These complicated forms are generally sup- posed to be less ancient, but the style of work is of the eighteenth dynastj'. 198. Card containing twenty-four of the hieroglyphical emblem representing from i to unch. the human eye, with certain unknown appendages. They are made of various materials, porcelain, glass, wood, hard and soft stones, and cornelian, in which substance there is one, No. 156, on the back of which is a cartouch enclosing the hieroglyphic signifying life. -V-" This mysterious eye is painted on representations of the tomb, and is engraved on rings found on mummies. This emblem is probably significative of an all-seeing Providence, and, as such, connected with the idea of life, present and future, in the Egyptian mind 199. Card containing eight specimens of a well-known and frequentW-used Rosso antico. Hard porcelain- I ) Sandstone. From emblem /¥>. It represents the bow or knot of the waistband of * to u inches, gods and kings, and seems to bear the same, or nearly the same hieroglyphical value that that other very frequent emblem T does, commonly called a Nilometer. Among the ancient and modern inhabitants of the east, the custom of binding up the loins before making any bodily or muscular effort is universal, and it is frequently alluded to in E ( -^6 ) NO. the Bible, both as the statement of u fiict, and metaphorically, as in Isaiah, Chap. xlv. v. 1, " I will loose the loins of kings," that is, weaken, uustreng:then, the reverse of girding or binding, which is strengthening, and the probable import of this hieroglj'phic. Four of the samples are in red stone or marble, two in porcelain, and one rude and unformed in sandstone, and one, 892, in red jasper : this one would have been two and a half inches high, if the loop had nut been broken off. 200. E.xample of the same emblem as those last described. Wood, giit. i inch. . If. 1 Hard purcelain. 201 Example of the knot or tie of the waistband, distinctly tormed. Biuegiai^e. ^ I J inch. 202. Unfinished example of the buckle or tie. ' ut^^^'' 208 -V- This instrument is always in the hand of the divinities, and, hiero- Hard porcelain. ■"^-^' I '' Blue glaze. 1 inch. glyphically considered, signifies life. Light green I'd- 204. if The two feathers of the cap of the god Amun. spathic rock with If X ^ disseminated In the hieroglyphical inscriptions these feathers are put for the god, or the word Amun. |""'^'i "^^'^'*' 205. K Feathers of the god Osiris. Hard stone, g of iP " an inch. This emblem is also used in the hieroglyjihics. 200. Three samples of the feathers of the same divinity, one in liard black ji^nj-''- '' '"t'.. marble, one in porcelain, one in slate stone. The marble and the porcelain have a loop at the back. 207. Feathers in wood, painted white and blue. Hardwood. 7 inches. These feathers probably belonged to a statue of O.-iris, in his ((uahty of judge of Amenti in the hall of the two Truths. Below the disk may be seen tlie indication of the horns. This specimen is made of hard wood, probably the acacia, which bears the little yellow, flower and produces the gum arable. It has been cai-efully e-vecuted, and painted with blue lines, proceeding from the stem to the margin, representing the small filaments of the ostrich feather, which is the emblem of truth and justice. From Mr, Athanasi's collection. ( 27 ) No. 208 Featliers in wood, painted yellow, the disk red. ci inches. Tlie -n'ood of this, and of No. 207, are both of the tree called Sunt in Egypt, the snme -n-ood jirolnilily as that called □"'taifr of which the ark was made. It is of very inferior execution to the former. From llr. Athanasi's collection. 209. Double feather, head ornament. This is part of the head-dress of one of the wooden statues of Osiris, very commonly found in the tombs in every disti-iot of Eg^-pt. Tliere is distinct evidence of the use of the saw both in this and No. 207. This is the wood of the tree that produces a kind of fig, the flcus sycomorus. Poycaninre wood. 6 inches. 210. Model of a pillow for the head. \^ Glass. J of an inch. Obsidiun. incli. of an 211. Model of a jsillow for the head. These minature pillows may be considered in their hieroglyphical signification, and probaljly were deposited in the tomb by the friends and relatives of the deceased as indicative of their good wi.shes for the undisturbed repose of the body. 212. Miniature pillow, in some excessively hard substance, beautifully made. | teriai. i inc'i'wong. ( I of an incli liigli. supposed to rejiresent a 21'}. Geometrical figure, of hard stone, ji^ Card containing six specimens of the geometrical figure which level and right angle, such as masons use at this day. 214. A model of the Egyptian hoe or plough. \r^ Mr. Bonomi procured it at Thebes, when it was complete, and brought it so to England, and since his arrival a part (the handle) has 1)een lost, and he has supplied its place by a new one. This, and another exactly like it, were given to him by Lord St. Asaph while he was sitting- watcldng a party of Arab excavators he had hired to dig for him at Gorna, the necropolis of Thebes. Lord St. Asaph said they had just Ijeen handed to InTU out of the excavation. Pre.sented by Mr. Bonomi, 1841. 21 5. Geometrical figures of hard black stone, and two pyramidal ditto. Card containing seven of the above g'eometrical figures, resembling a carpenter's square I and one resemblina: the la.st described fitrure. Bronze. 23 incli 216. Represents a vase of incense, with a flame of fire issuing out of the Alabaster. 2 inches. middle. JL The point of the flame in this specimen is broken. ( 28 ) 217. Obelisk, with a loop behind for suspending. wood, ijinch. Hard porcelain. 218. A flight of steps. Blue glaze, l inch. Eo-ypt : Athana si's collection. . , , . ,1 . Porcelain. Red 219. Four ornaments, with loops at the top. glaze, h an inch. It is unknown what they represent. ^^,. ,-,. cr -n J- "v / Hard porcelain. 220. Six caps or crowns ot Lower Lgypt. ^ Green glaze. From n an inch to They are of rude form, and perforated in the space between the ijrojecting- appendage^ and the i inch. straight hack. 221. Five caps or crowns, denoting Upper Egypt, y f^^^ f^fLi,. All perforated for suspension. 222. Twenty-two rude-made figures of the Papyrus iilant. T of the proportions G","„'Ji°'e^''""' of a column, with a loop at the top, with tlirce others of stone. 1 I'>oi" U, inch, to 223. Ten papyrus cohimns. j of an inch. Eight are in porcelain, two in hard marble. 224. ThewingofaScarabasus, ^^^ made of variously-coloured beads, woven ^"''ilrwMie,'''" T T ,■ T ih inches long. into a pattern of squares and I'adiating lines. The beads are rings held together by the ancient threads. Tlie colours are blue, red, black, yellow, and white. Presented by J. Bonomi. 225. The whole wing of a Scarabasus, in porcelain, blue glaze. The emblem of g,°^e'''"2'incher Phtahsokar-osiris. Vide No. 876. This belonged to a net-work of beads that is sometimes found over the mununy, and into whicli is woven the winged Scarab and the four genii of Ainenti. It is curious how the varnish seems to have taken the inipiint of tlie cloth of the wrappings of the body. ( 29 ) N". 226- ScarabiCUS, of inferior work. Porcelain. Little ,,.,,,., , •, , , glaze. 3 inches It is one of those that belonged to a network oi bug-als, wmcn enveloped the mummy over the louo-. Unen cloths, immediately imder the linen-pasteboard cover. This fashion seems to have belong-ed to mummies of the latter part of the eig'hteenth dynasty, and common to the cemeteries of Sakkara and Thebes. 227. Wing of a Scarab. Hani porcelalu. This has been interwoven with the network of beads. The larg'e feathers at the extremity of im;hes ^^ ' tlie wing have been painted black. The intention is to represent the Scarab with the wing of the vulture. 228. Wino- of a Scarab, perforated in three places, to weave or attach to the Hani porcelain. " ^ '■ H inch. Scarab and network. /p' ., , . I fragile porcelain. I Green, blue, red, 229. Card containing some cylindrical beads, and some ring beads of various j^"fi^jj.'i^3i^'^f'^^„ colours. I ''"^'' '""g- Round I bead. J of an inch \ in diameter. 230. Cylindrical beads, strung in the form of a net, as they were by the Coarse porcelain. •^ . ' o ' J J Light blue glaze. ancients. Each bead J of an inch long. This kind of net, mcludmg m its meshes tlie Scarabaaus with outstretclied wings, and other figures connected with the worship of the ancient Egyptians, is found placed over the mummy. 231. Another specimen of the same kind of network of beads. ibiuegiaTe. ian ( inch. 232. A ring of dark blue glass, with a small ring of opaque white glass running Diameter i inch. outside the blue one. On the top there is a glass loop for suspending' it. 233. Two large beads from Egypt. Hard porcelain. ° "-^ ^ Green glaze. From Mr. Cui-eton, who liad several others of each of tliese dimensions, August lS3(i. J inches, .3i inches. 234 Three beads, the two outer of blue glass, the centi-e one of the same, but .' inches long. covered with a white surface. They are not cylindrical, but barrel- shaped, like the last described. 235. Two balls of porcelain. Hard porcelain. The larger covered with a blue varnish, and divided from pole to pole by four black stripes, * which widen towards the meridian. Tliis ball is two inclies one eightli in diameter. The ( 30 ) second ball is one inch ana three quarters, less carefully made, but it has also been divided into eight meridians, distiniruished In- green and blue varnish. Both these balls are hollow, and both have n hole at the poles. Purchased at Mr. Athanasi's Sale, 1837. •236. Circular bead. ' Porcelain Green ' glaze, got an inch. 237. Egyptian large oval beads, t\Yo ivory. Alabaster, i inch. 238. Tliirh'-two irregular lentil-shaped beads, perforated through the largest Oreen quartz. ^ o f diameter. an inch. 230. Sixteen pieces of glass, of various hues of blue, but of similar shape, viz. Blue glass, i to 1 inch square. Square in plan and to a certain height, and then taking the form of a pyramid having the apex cut oif. Some of the pieces have lost the sharpness of the edg-es by being worn. Two holes are drilled through the base of each. The pieces vary from three-eighths to half an inch at base, and a quarter of an inch high. Purchased at Sotheby's, 183.3. Sir H. De la Beche, July 1.5, 1853, stated that cobalt was probably the colouring matter. 239 A. A necklace composed of fifty globular beads of amethyst, three-eighths of an inch in diameter ; nine globular beads of green quartz, of rather more than three-eigliths in diameter ; and two engraved cornelians, one nearly globular, -with the figure of Dagon ()iji), the fish god of the Phihstines, (Jud. xvi. 32.) (1 Sam. v. 1. 3.); the other more oval bearing the figure of a fly, the hieroglyphic of the god of flies, the Baalzebub (mnTbio), " the god of Ekron." (2 Kings, i. 2.) Both these stones are of Syrian lir Assyrian n-orknianship, and highly curious. 239 B. A necklace composed of a great number of cornelian, glass, and porcelain beads, globular, barrel, and other shapes ; among ■which arc some exquisite specimens of Egyptian coloured glass and porcelain work, not surpassed by the Venetian manufacturers. 239 c. A great variety of cornelian beads, both as to shape and size, and a variety of glass and porcelain Egyptian beads. To this necklace is attached a cornelian Nilometer, and a cornelian snake, beautifully formed, likewise two uninscribed Scarabs, one in ironstone, the other in porcelain. ( -31 ) 239 D. A necklace made of the common blue biigal porcelain beads, and twelve j an inch. flat circular beads of Egyptian porcelain manufacture. These latter have a yellow boss in the centre of a white disk, which has radiating- divisions imitating' the camomile flower, half an inch in di:uneter. 240. Two beads of a necklace, representing a single and double eye. Porcelain. Blue "^ '' and [;reen glaie. Tlie single in hard porcelain, ,crreen glaze ; the double, hard porcelain, blue glaze. J and J an inch. 241. A ^lobular bead. Blue glass, i of an '^ inch. 242. Two oval beads, and a fragment. Dark blue glass. ° A an inch. 243. An egg-shaped flat bead, representing a bunch of grapes. Porcelain. Light This bead has a small loop behind at the pointed end, by which it was kept in its place in the incU^ ^'^^' ' " necklace, as well as the loop at the top for suspending it. 244. Oval bead, flat sides, and the edge milled. Hard porcelain. Two lines, forming two obUque and two obtuse angles, are engTaved u\\ both sides. ^ 245 Two blue glass drops. Glass. J of an inch Perforated in two opposite directions, to keep it in its e.xact position in tlie necklace. -^Kis. 2-16. A disk, milled edge. Hard porcelain. This bead is perforated through its ed-e. Green glaze, i of 247. Disk, divided edge. Hard porcelain. „,,.,,. ^ 1 ■ . « I^'^'l glaze. '- of an J hjs bead IS perforated ni its centre. inch. 24B. Unknown object, apparently representing a flower. * GrTenghze."""j of ( an inch. 240. Clasp of a necklace, which sustained eighteen rows of beads, probably of iron and silver. 1 . - ' 1 .; lUnch. various devices. This is a remarkable example of Egyj)tian metal-work, and one of the few in which iron occurs. The perforated plate, however, is silver. With this object is a piece of bronze, with some white metal alloy. 250. Five circular ornaments, of yellow, black, and white glass, four with holes Glass, yellow ■^ » ' black, and white. through them, and a loop at the top. i an inch. They belonged to a necklace. It is unknown what tljey represent. ( 32 ) N". 251. Necklace plate, contrived to be attached liy a loop at the top of the object Porcelain. Green '■ >j t. i u glaze. 3 of an to the preceding row of emblematic ornaments, and by a loop at the inch, bottom to the succeeding row. This one is composed of the hieroglyphics of hfe, and tlie two staffs carried by the gods : below this is the dish or basket. The wliole signifies " Lord of life and dominion I purity ?" 252. A beautiful little figure of a dead goose. Hard porcelain o ° trreen glaze, f of It has one perforation at its neck, -u-hich terminates in two holes in the sides. These holes have an inch, the original thread remaining in them. 253. Exquisitely formed bead of unknown hieroglyphical import, perforated Camehan. \ of au throuo-h its longest diameter. It is made of camehan, and highly polished on both sides. 254. Copper pins, from Mr. Athanasi's Egyptian Collection. 255. Figure of the expanding papyrus, formina; one half of the clasp of a Hard porcelain. ° ^ t) t 1 J ' » I j3l„j, ami green necklace of three rows of beads or significant ornaments. glaze, i j^incii The filaments of the papyrus are coloured blue, the cahx green, the bands at the neck blue. wide. 256. Variegated glass bottle, in the form of a palm-tree column. variegated glass. The shaft of the column is slightly .striated from the base to the bands under the capital, which are five in number, two g'reen, three blue. The capital expands into eight branches, imitating- those of the palm. These are of green glass, with a yellow stripe representing the stalk or gereet. Above the capital is a round abacus, which is the mouth of the bottle. The shaft is divided into a curvilinear zigzag of gTeen and blue lines, with three yellow zigzags. This is an article of an Egyptian lady's toilette, and contained antimony for blacking the eyelids. The Eg;\-ptians also manufactured vases of glass precisely of the same ]iattern as to colours. In modern times the Venetians acquired the art of fusing together variou.^ly- coloured glasses, without mixing the colours or destropng the pattern, and su]iplied Africa with glass beads of various colom"s. Purchsised at Mr. Barker's sale of antiquities. 257. Two Stibium sticks, beautifully formed in hard wood. Acacia. .3 inches, •' 4 inches. 258. An eye and eyebrow of bronze, the ptipil of black glass or obsidion, and Eyebrow. 54 ,1 1 •, £• 11-, ... inches. Eyelid. 4,1 tne white or some Jmrd vitreous composition. inches. The outer canthus is very much elongated, representing the black flith which it was the fashion to adorn the eye, as did .lezebel at the approach of Jehu. This exnnijtle belong-ed to a statue or a mummy case. Purchased of Mr. Cureton in 18:!C, or at Jlr. Burton's sale. ( 33 ) No. 259. A stibium bottle, made out of the cylindrical bone of an animal. Bone. a of an inch wide, This specimen is split in two, and shews the contents, which is a composition of antimony, oj inches long. The instrument with which this drug- is appUed to the eyehds is in the bottle. This material is called Cohol by the modem inhabitants of the East. 260. Two right eyes, and one lid. The upper eye has a black pupil, made of black glass, or obsidion, and part of its blue porcelain eyeUd is attached. The second eye has a brown pupil, which is made of transparent glass, inserted into the white opaque porcelain by a brown cement. The lid under it does not be- long to it. These eyes have come out of the face of a mummy case. Procured by Mr. Coster, of Alexandria. 261. Large right eye and eyebrow, from a mummy case. 262. A large fine specimen of Egyptian porcelain, representing the lotus p^'felai'n '^ (Seen flower. ^°;. Porcelain, or ' '^ '=' stone. JNo glaze. On the reverse, the legend Amun Ra, to be read from both ends. I of an inch. 280. A piece of lapis lazuli, pyramidal in form. i a° '"*. 281. Two pyramids, surmounted by a loop or ring, resembling seals. | j oTan'^inch.^'"' 282. CartOUch of AmUNOTHPH II., B.C. 1300. Porcelain. Blue glaze. On the reverse some illegible signs. 283. Two rudely-formed cartouches, containing no hieroglyphics, surmounted t°he''other,\'n''-'"'' by the ostrich feathers. known material, •^ I J inch. ( 36 ) N". 284. Beautifully-formed Scarab, with eleven lines of hieroglyphics. Basalt. 3 inches. Purchased of Mr. Till. 285. Scarab, with nine Hues of inscription, striated back. Basalt. 2 inches. Purchased of Mr. TiU 286. A Scarab of soft stone, coloured brown, engraved with eight lines of ijinch. hieroglyphics. 287. Scarabeus, with three figures of the god Typhon, and four captives. Over SoftUme stone. all is the great vulture with outstretched wings. Mr. Burton's sale. 288. Scarab of blue porcelain. The characters are partly demotic. Jif/eouTcoat^To" There appears some reason to doubt the genuineness of this Scarab. The characters are not ^° '°<='i. placed in the usual order of the hieroglypliical inscriptions, nor are they all known, yet the form and material seem genuine. 289. Scarab, coarse work. earth.^irfaninch. On the flat side, the inscription " Ra, the lord," in hieroglyphics, rude, but ancient. 290. Scarab, with the hieroglyphics composing the pronomen of Pharaoh, Brown hard stone. Thothmosis III, B.C. 1350. 291. Scarabeus, with a cartouch, and some illegible hieroglyphics. { ufch.^ ^''"*' '^^ 292. Flat and ill-formed Scarab. White stone or porcelain. | of an On its reverse the figTire of the god Ra. inch. 293. Beautiful Scarab, nearly perfect, bearing the very ordinary cartouch of ( Carefuiiy'^var- Thothmosis III., flanked by four Uraei, and the winged globe above. ("nch!'*' ^°'^° 294. Small, beautiful, and perfect Scarab, bearing on its flat side, the very Porcelain. Green . glaze, i of an inch. common inscription Amun Ra, to be read either from right to left, or from left to right, by the contrivance of repeating the first character also for the sake of uniformity. ( 37 ) N". 295. Scarab, well formed. Hard porcelain. Green varnish. On the reverse, the figure of a hawk in outline, wearing the crown of Lower Egypt. \ / J an inch. "The lord Ra." " mf 296. Well formed Scarab. Hard porcelain. No varnish. ^ an On the flat side, a man wearing the crown of Lower Egypt, probably the king in the attitude inch. of adoration before an obehsk, with base. Under is the hieroglyphic for lord. 297. Scarab, with an inscription, ornamental and significative. White hard porce- lain. I of an inch Probably, "The aU-seeing, the lord of the two regions," the last sentence repeated twice, for by i of an inch. the sake of ornamentation. . ( Hard porcelain. 29o. A Scarabaeus, bearing an unknown device. ) Grey vamish. i of ( an inch. 299. Beautiful Scarab, which has been much worn, and still retains its own Porce'ain, or . . stone, i of an inch. elegant Egyptian bronze mounting. On the reverse are four Uraei, whose tails form knots, leaving a square space, in the centre of which are the hieroglyphics composing the name of Thothmosis III, b.c 1360. 300. Scarab, with the figure of the crocodile-headed god, wearing the head- Hematite, j an dress composed of the horns of Kneph and two serpents. A work of Roman or late Greek times. It is perforated in a transverse direction. 301. Scarab that has been very much worn. Hematite, iof an inch. On its fiat side, a Hon rampant with a row of dots and lines. This specimen is curious, as shew- ing that the ancients used the drill to engrave hard stones. It is an unfinished work, and probably of Roman time. 302. Scarab, with coarsely striated wing-case, no hieroglyphics. | nYn'lh"^" *'°°'' 303. Scarab, rudely striated. 1 ?°f' g^^n stone. '' (if inch. 304. Scarab, of rude work. Green porphyry. It has stUl some of the bitumen of the mummy in which it was found. No hieroglyphics. Purchased of Mr. Till. ( 38 ) 305. Scarabeus Sacer. Perfectly finished, but without any hierogl3-phios. See No. 41, pag-e 325, of the "Weekly Visitor," for 1833. The sacred beetle of the Egyptians. 306. Scarab, neatly striated. 307. Beautifully -formed Scarab, striated wing-case. 308. Badly-formed Scarab. 309. T^YO Scarabs, one cornelian, the other amethyst. Both have been much worn. 310. Two rudely-formed Scarabs. No inscription, but perforated : one amethyst, the other comehan. 311. Seven Scarabs, entirely formed, but without any device whatever. They all have holes in the reverse direction, that is, from side to side. Three are of hard stone, three of soft, one of porcelain, weU formed, and green varnish. 312. Tray containing eight jDieces, representing two fingers, it is presumed the little and the ring-fingers of the left hand. Two of these pieces appear to be made of obsidion, or black glass ; a third certainly of glass ; four of slate, one of which is gilt ; and one terra cotta. It has been supposed that they were used by the scribes for rubbing and smoothing the papyrus. It has also been suggested that they were of comparatively modern date, and referred to certain disputes among the early Christians of Egypt. See "History of Egyptian Mummies," by T. Pettigrew, Esq. They were purchased, some at Mr. Athanasi's .iale, and some at Mr. Burton's, 25th of July 1836. 313. A Scarabeus in a frame. This is a perfect specimen of the tablet that was worn on the breast, suspended by a band that was attached to it by means of holes bored through the back of the curvetto moulding at the top of the tablet. On the front is engraved in outline the goddesses Nephthys and Isis, standing in a boat, and stretching out their hancLs in adoration towards the Scaral)eus, wliich occupies the centre of the boat. This Scarab is made of a soft green stone, and has been in- geniously inserted into the tablet. On the back of the tablet appears the flat inscribed part of the Scarab ; and on the tablet itself is engraved in outhne, on one side the Nilometer, sur- mounted with the mysterious eye, and on the other side, surmounted with the same emblem, is the buckle of the belt. There is still some remains of colour ui the ornament round the edge of the tablet. From Mr. It. Coster, August 1847. Green porphyry. 2 iuches. ( Hard green stone. '( 14 inch. ( Green porphyry, i If inch. ( Hard micacious ( stone. 1 ^ inch. 4 an inch. inch. 5 of ail Amethyst, 5 of au inch. Cornelian. 4 an inch. From i to 1 inch. From .3 to -Ji inches. Tablet coarse porcelain. No var- nish. 4J inches. ( 39 ) 314 ;il5. 316. 317. 318. 319. Tablet of the same kind, furnished with the means of attaching it to a baud, and perforated for a Scarab. This tablet bears a different device, but probably of the same import as the former. On the front is the boat, in which is the hieroglyphic representing the sun sinking behind the Porcelan Greeu glaze. 3J inches wide. 3jJ inches long. mountams, at one end of which is the NUometer, at the other, the bow or fastening of the belt. V Proceeding from the top of these significant emblems, and stretched upwards, ^4^ are two Q human arms, those from the Nilometer to embrace, the hieroglj7>hic for life, J those from the fastening of the belt to em- brace, the hieroglyphic for heaven. On the reverse is Osiris, wearing the crown with the two feathers of truth, and bearing the crook. Opposite to him is Anubis : botli are seated in hieroglyphical fashion, on a gate or door : both have their names engraved over their heads. Between them, and under the perforation for the Scarab, is the emblem of life, between two sceptres. The idea seems to be (from what is known of the meaning of these emblems,) that the possession of this tablet would fortify the heart of the deceased, when he arrived at the gate of the hall of Judgment, in the presence of Osiris. See the papyri of the British Museum. The distinct allusions to a future life in the highly-illustrated volumes deposited with the dead ; the value and beauty of many of the curious emblems that are found in the wrappings of the mummy, and even deposited in the cavities of the body ; the costliness, and significant ornamentation of the tombs ; make it certain, that, in the estimation of the ancient Egyptians, the great business of hfe was to prepare for a future existence, concerning which they have left a more distinct notion of their opinions than any other heathen nation whose language is better known to us. It is impossible to account for that clearly-defined belief in a future state of rewards and punishments which these relics exhibit, unless we suppose it to be derived from patriarchal traditions. Tablet like the former two, but no device or perforation for the Scarab. It has, however, the small holes in the top for the attachment of a band. Four circular objects, perhaps fibulje. They are covered with a blue varnish, and have black stripes irregularly painted across them, i Two similar to the last, except that the upper and lower surfaces are rounded. A heart-shaped ornament, with a hole to suspend it. Rude work. Unknown emblem. Not unlike the stoppers of bottles for cooling water now used in Cairo. Porcelain. 3J inches high. 3j inches wide. ■ Hard porcelain. I Blue varnish. | of 1 an inch wide, ^ an . inch high. Alabaster. ^ an inch high, J of an inch wide. Hard stone. U inch. Hard porcelain. Blue varnish. li inch. ( 40 ) N". 320. 321. A hemispheric piece of glass, probably used as a weight. Sandals purchased of an Arab, at the catacombs of Sakkara, by Dr. Lee. These sandals are remarkably perfect, and of a most ingenious manufacture. The sole is ren- dered soft and pulpy by a layer of flattened pieces of the papyrus : these are covered by strips of the Doum palm, which are sewn to a round and elevated margin with pieces of the date palm leaf. From each side of the heel proceeds a cord made of palm leaves, and covered with the date palm leaf, forming two round cords, which pass obhquely over the instep, and are inserted together in the sole between the great toe and the second toe. They turn up in front to protect the toes from injurj' in walking, as we see them represented in the sculptures and paintings. This kind of shoe would easily adapt itself to tlie peculiarities of the individual foot. Egyptian sandals are always what is called rights and lefts, that is to saj', one shoe is adapted to the right foot, and tlie other to the left. Green glaze. 4 an inch. 10 inches long. Broadest 3J inches. Heel 24 inches. 322. Egyptian wheat in a box. This specimen is extremely poor in quaUty, and much mixed with earth. 323. Egyptian barley, found in the same tomb as the last. Both barley and com are not unfrequently found in earthen jars in the tomb with the mummy. Presented by Mr. Athanasi. 324. Egyptian barley in a bottle. 325. Egyptian wheat, found in the tomb of a miller at Tliebcs. Presented by Mr. Athanasi, December 14, 183fi. 326. Egyptian barley in a bottle. 327. Corn from germ two thousand years old. At the annual diimer of the " South- West Middlesex Agricultural Association," held on Friday last at the " Adam and Eve lim," Hayes, near Uxbridge, Mr. H. Pownal, of Spring Grove, Hounslow, while eulogizing the farmers of Middlesex on their high degree of intelligence and practical judgment, produced a head of corn, which he said had been grown m the neigh- bourhood of his residence ; and, as a proof of their meriting the eulogy he had passed upon them, stated that he had that day shewn the head of com to Mr. Sherborn, of Bedford, who, on examining it, immediately said it was Egyptian com, which Mr. Pownal said was the fact, as it had grown from germ found within the covering of an Egyptian mummy, witliin wliich it. had been enclosed for upwards of two thousand years ; a statement which produced a great sensation throughout the assemblage. (Bucks Gazette, Oct. 10, 1841.) N". ( ^1 ) Colonel Le Couter, of Jersey, has endeavoured, but without success, to restore hfe to those em- balmed specimens. Sir W. J. Hooker, LL.D., fonnerlj-, and now. Director of the Royal Gardens at Kew, Professor of Botany at the University of Glasgow, has also endeavoured, but with the like result, to cultivate both the ancient wheat and barley. 328. Cake of wheat, six inches long ; in the middle, one and three-quarters wide, from which it tapers slightly towards the ends, where it is rounded off. The flower of which it is made is veiy coarse. 329. Triangular cake, in which there are some grains of corn whole. 330. Round cake, made of wheat very coarsely ground. 4^ inches. Equitaleral. J of an inch thick. Diameter,.) inches' 331 . Cake in the shape of a tongue, six inches long, rasped on one side. This cake is made of better-g'romid corn than the other specimens of mummy bread. The circular hand-mill was apparently unknown, as, in fact, it is at this day in Southern Nubia. This circumstance must liave made the grinding' of com always a laborious work ; and thence probably the remarkable flatness of the teeth of the ancient Egyptians, having to perform the work of the mill. The mode of grinding com is exhibited in the figure of a royal personage in this collection, which is exactly in the manner of the present inliabitants of Upper Nubia, and the mode of g-rinding chocolate in Italy. 332. Cake in the shape of a ring. This is a rare example. It is a favourite form of cake, in Rome, called ciambelh. Diameter,3 inches. 333. Large round cake found in a tomb at Thebes. This kmd of cake is represented on the funeral tablets. It has a circular depression in the centre, about three inches in diameter. Diameter, 10 inches. 334. Fruit of the doum palm. The palma thebaica of Theophrastus, The cucifera thebaica of DeHlle. This specimen was opened at Doctors' Commons in 183G, in the presence of the Rev. G. C. Renouard, Mrs. Lee, and Dr. Lee. There is a forest of the doum palm at Dendera, ten or fifteen miles north of Thebe.^, in which latitude this tree begins to gTow. The fibrous rind, or bark, of the fi'uit is the only part that is eatable, and, when ripe, has very much the taste of g-ingerbread. In this specimen may be seen the thickness of the edible part surrounding the indurated case, ( 42 ) No. within which is the nut. In the fresh fruit this is white, semi-transparent, and excessively tough, and, unlike the analogous part in the cocoa, it is not edible, but used to make beads, and, by the carpenters, as a handle for the drill. Within this nut is said to be a transparent liquid, as in the cocoa-nut. No. 254 of Mr. Burton's Catalogue, 1836. 335. Two pomegranates, from the same collection. The pomegranate is very commonly found in the coffin of young females in the tombs of Sakkara and the cemeteries of the Delta. 336 A small pomegranate, from a tomb at Thebes. 337. Another fruit of the doum palm, from the same collection. Perfect. 3l}8. Another specimen of the fruit of the doum palm. The doum or doom-tree is distinguished from the date-bearing palm, by having two or more branches. It is not met with in the Delta, but is first seen in the Lycopohte Nome, about the latitude of Siout. From this point it becomes more abundant, and is met with in great profusion on the banks of the Nile, about the latitude of Abu Hamed. This specimen is perfect, and so fresh, as to appear but recently taken from the tree. 339. Box containing six specimens of the fruit of the sycomore-tree, and one ball of unknown material. 340. Tray containing six whole and nine fragments of the figs of the syco- more The sycomore fig is sometimes found in the coffin with the mummy, particularly in Sakkara. This tree is frequently represented in the ancient sculptures : Isis is called the lady of the sycomore ; Egypt, the land of the sycomore. At one time in antiquity it must have been very abundant in the land, as most of the mummy-cases taken out of the great cemeteries of Upper Egypt are usually made of that wood ; at present, however, the sycomore is rarely to be met with beyond the Delta. The fruit g'rows out of the great branches: its leaf has no resemblance to that of tlie common fig. There is a remarkable specimen of the tree in the market-place of Derr, the capitol of Nubia, and one in the island of Elephantina, one at the landing-place of Gorna, and a verj^ old one at Mataria, under the shade of which, tradition informs us, the infant Saviour and the Virgin and Joseph reposed. The fniit of the S3-comore is very inferior to the ordinary fig, and is seldom eaten. Lot 254, Air. Burton's sale, 1836. ( ^3 ) No. 341 342 343 Dates and date-stones, found in a mummy-case in Kgypt by Mr. Burton. They resemble the present dates of Eg'ypt in every particular. The stones of the dates of Egypt are smooth, with a well-defined channel ; on the opposite side is always a little round mark, denoting the seat of the embryo, which the Copts say is the impression of the tooth of tlie infant Saviour. The stones of the dates imported to this country from Belad E'gerit are larger and excessively corrugated. Raisins found in a tomb at Thebes. No. •254 of Mr. Burton's sale in 1836. See the description of Lot No. 29 of Mr. Burton's catalogue, and -i>6 and "257. Six stones of the Persea : Al-Cobahh of the Arabs, Balanites Egyptiaca of Delille, AUahe of the Nubians. One single tree of the Persea was growing in the court-yard of a Greek church, in the Chris- tian quarter of the city of Cairo, in the year 1845. A sing-le specimen of the fruit was presented to the British Museum in 1847. The six stones under consideration do not appear to be those of the Persea, but of a species of a palm of the desert, between Korosko and Abu Hamed, of which the fruit resembles more that of the doom-tree than that of the palm. No. 254 of Mr. Burton's sale. Date of the Desert (Flora Egyptienne— No. 738.) 344. An Egyptian iron key, found in a temple at Abusimbal. Presented by E. B. B. Barker, in 1844. Vide modem wooden locks and keys, brought by Dr. Lee from Cairo. 345. A circular stone, with a projecting loop for suspending. Hardbi Several small circles are engi'aved on it by the same tool. What it represents is by no means U diameter. certain. 346. A block of blue glass. 347. From the collection of Isaac Cullimore, Esq., a learned chronologist. 2 inches square. Piece of ivory, which lias formed part of some circular ornament, and Diameter, 2 been carved in six elliptical figures from the centre, and six semi- '"'^ '^^' elliptical, as if behind, and with a circular border round the whole. It is the Egyjjtian way of representing the expanded lotus. From Mr. Bruton's collection. 348. Flat piece of slate-stone, on both sides of which is an unfinished attempt siate. u inch, to represent the figure of a child. ( 44 ) N", 349. Circular piece of hard black stone, vnih a projecting loop for suspension. Hard black stone. On it are several small circles made by the same tool. . Diameter, 1 J of an inch. I antico niar- 350. A rudely-carved human face, more like the work of the American rosso: Indians than Egyptian of any period. '''''• '* '■^''^^■ I Hard white and 351. A perforated cyhnder. Lt^Ve^t ^ 3 an inch. 352. Cylinder of the same material as the last. Diameter, u of an •J inch. Height, IJ Likewise perforated '"cli- 353. Of the same material, as if intended for the handle of some instrument. o^ juches. 354. Irregularly-formed piece of opaque glass, with some lines and blue marks. Hard opaque glass. It is perforated in its largest diameter. 355. A flint, in the shape of a ring. ij inch wide. A natural formation. 356. A square stick of ivory, with little circles engraved on all four sides, by 3 inches long, means of the same instrument. "^ ^" '°* ■^''*^- On one side six clusters of seven circles ; on another, two clusters of seven, and two sing-le circles ; on the third side twenty-one circles ; on the fourth side, twenty. At one end is a knob, at the other it has been broken off. 357. Two pieces of bronze plate, curved, and of the same form, but for what 5 inches. purpose is unknown. They each have a bole throug-h the narrow end. 358. Three flat pieces of bronze, that seem to have formed the rim of a vase, j of an inch wide. A zigzag line is carelessly engraved on both surfaces. 359. A figure of Mercury or Hercules. Bronze. •-> inches. Rude and imperfect. ( 45 ) No. 360. A small mirror, retainim^ part of its surface tolerably free from the Bronze. 41 inches in its largest dia- green mcrustation. ........ It is a flattened circle, like the globes on the heads of the divinities. It appears to have been poUshed only on one side. Purchased by Mr. Till, who obtained it at the sale of antiquities of JIadame Lavoratori, by Mr. Sotheby, May 13, 1833. 361. A disc of bronze, slightly concave, the edge turned and ornamented. ^InXT' 362. A disc of bronze, with some concentric mouldings, the edge being the Bronze. 3i inches. thickest part. 363. A small bottle, containing some tinsel. This was taken from the breast of a mummy, by Mr. Belzoni ; and presented to Dr. Lee by Mr. Cureton, who had received it from Mr. Belzoni, with other specimens, 1836. 364. A band of linen incrusted with plaster. ^ inches. A line of hieroglyphics is stamped in rehef down the middle on a gilt surface, as well as gilded knobs along the margin, the rest of the face being- blue. The back is covered with yellow oclu'e. 365. Piece of wood, part of a box or shrine of a statue, decorated with sen- .\ kind of deal. p 1 • 1 f 1 1 1 ** inches long, tences irom the ritual of the dead. 3 inches wide. In the edge of this fragment may be remarked the skilful use of the drill, an instrument stiU in the hand of the carpenters of both Egypt and Syria. 366. A tray, containing some pieces of papyrus and some pieces of cane. 367. A bottle, containing fragments of a papyrus roll, inscribed in good hieratic characters in red and black ink. 368. A papyrus roll, Coptic. 369. Small roll, covered with thread. ^ ""^"^f '°"g' ^ »♦' ' an inch wide. ( ^0 ) No. 'MO Cylinder, with hieroglyphic characters down one side. This may be the end of a walking--stii-k. Long sticks, with hieroglyphics engraved near to one or the other end are by no means uiicommonlj' tbund in the ancient tombs ; and we see, from the pictures, that a long walking-stick was carried by landed proprietors, the master of fisheries and the father of a family. The heads of the tribes of the Jews, in like manner, can-ied sticks or staves, on which their names were inscribed. From Mr. Lavoratori's sale. May 13, 1833. Wood Acacia. 5J iuches long, and I inches diameter. •Ml. A most beautiful liierogrammatist's pallette. Coarse hard wood. 17 inches long. Two circular depressions for the red and black pigments, and the long cavity for the pens or ■-'; inches wide, brushes. All the rest of the space in front is occupied with beautifully-engraved columns of hieroglyphics, except in that aliove the holes for the pigments, where there is a representation of the hierogrammatist himself, making a prayer to Osiris, and Thoth, who stands behind the throne of Osiris. The back is occupied by four columns of well-engraved hierogly- phics, whose forms are those of the eighteenth dj'nasty. The hieroglj'phics have been filled with a white paste. This ingenious contrivance, used by the most skilful writers of antiquitj', served as a tablet, as a ruler, and, probably, as a measure. It is often represented in the hands of the scribes, and always in the hand of Thoth, the 5Iercury of the Egyptians, in the judgment scene of the funeral papyri. It would appear that, after the manner of the ancient scribes, he took a note of the weight of the heart of the deceased. These pallettes are made of various materials, frequently of ivory ; often with writing on them, fresh and perfect, as if the scribe had only just laid it down, the reed brushes and the red and black paste still remaining in the two cavities for that purpose. This example is not one of those that were used, but it is a dedicatory or monumental one. 372. Large, well-formed hawk. These figures of hawks are seen caiTied in procession. The head is blue and white, the vAng red ; and, hanging- behind it, is painted the apijendage to the dress of Pthah. These statues of hawks very frequently served as covers to the square cavity in front of the wooden pedestal of the figures of Osiris. From Mr. Burton's sale. Sycomore-fig wood. 11 inches 373. Hawk, whose wings and head are blue. Sycomore wood. .\s if slimg round its neck, and over its back, by means of a string of cylindrical and circular ^ inches, beads, is the same appendage as in the last example. 374. A sacred hawk, small : not in good preservation. "Wood, covered with plaster, and painted. This hawk was placed over the cavity of one of the statues in this collection. Presented by .Mrs. Smyth, of Bedford. ( 47 ) No. 375. Figure of a hawk, of the same kind as the last two described. SeT''^^' No colour left on the specimen. 376. Head-rest, or pillow, with fluted shaft. ^jinches'high. Purchased at the sale of the collection of Sig. Athenasi. 377. Pillow, or head-rest. mT^' This example has a longer shaft than usual. 378. Ancient Egyptian pillow, found in a tomb at Sakkara with the sarco- Hardwood. phagus. The Nubians use the same kind of pillow at this day. It is remarkably adapted to their mode of dressing the hair. 379. A Grseco-Egyptian figure, representing a boy (with the Egyptian lock of Bronze, ijofau hair) sitting on a cushion, terminating at both ends in a phallus. This is one of those vulgar figures that are so common in the latter Greek and Roman periods of Egypt, and so commonly found in the ruins of Pompej and Ilerculaneum. This specimen was found at Thebes. , 380. Box, containing a phallus. Cornelian, h of au inch. 381. A fragment of a figure reclining on his left elbow, as was the custom of Bronze. i|incii. the ancients, in the latter Greek and Roman times, in taking food. This figure has the long hair, in the Egyptian, or modem Nubian form. 382. Figure of a goat, terminating in a fish. Bronze. 5 of an This is of Greek or Roman work, a combination found in the decorations on the walls of Pom- pej and Herculaneum. 383. A bronze horse, from Egypt. Bronze. 2 inches Used probably as a seal ; of Roman or Greek times. ^^ •584. Two female arms. Bronze. Greek or Roman work, which belonged to a statue about eleven inches hi"-h. ( 48 ) 385. Lamp, in the form of a bird. Bronze. Brought from Cairo, by the Rev. H. Tattam, 1839. It is of Greek or Roman work. 386. A Cucufa staff. p Bronze. 3 inches. Rude work. 387. A badly-formed fio-ure of a doo;. Bronze, ijof an •J ^ ^ inch. Not Egyptian work. 388. Head of Greek workmanship. 389. Impression from a seal, in baked earth : from Egypt. Representing' a stag, with a cross between the horns ; and some Coptic or Greek letters in the field behind the stag. 390. A circular piece of plaster, with irregular pieces of glass inserted. ,^d™s."'' ^^ All the glasses are curved, hke fragments of watch-glasses ; and of the centre piece there can be little doubt that it is a watch-glass. It hardly has a claim to be placed in the museum. 391. Box, inscribed alk round with coarsely-written hieroglyphics. Sycumore-fig ' '' c ^ i wood. 10 j mclies The box is of rude carpentry, but curious, as shewing the mode of joining the sides by means long, 4:? inches of pegs instead of nails, a mode still practised in Egypt. J^."'l^' ^ '"'^•^^^ Specimen presented to the Hartwell Museum, by Mr. J. Bonomi. 392. Large mirror, of a singular form. B,on,g L^,g,st diameter, V^ in. 393. Large rings, probably a necklace and armlet. Purchased of an Arab, at the catacombs of Sakkara, on an excursion with Sir \V. R. Boughton and the French Doctor of Cairo. These are modern ornaments, worn by the Arab women round the neck and on the wrists. 394. A flat rectangular tablet of stone, on both sides of which is a series of lines Limestone. ,.1.1 8| inclies. 9A in. at right angles. 395. Figure of Osiris, with horns and feathers ; the plinth with an oblong cavity, sycomore wooii. The whole is of rude \\'ork, and has lost all its colour. Presented by IMiss Turner, of Aylesbuiy. ( 49 ) 396. Figure of Osiris in wood, from Saccara. Eoman Epoch. 397. Statue of a muramy in hard wood. This figure has been highly decorated and excavated for the admission of a papyrus which was placed within the body of the figure, and the juncture of the two pieces, entirely disguised by the paint. The fact of some of these figures containing papyri was discovered by accident. 398. Statue of a mummy with pleasing countenance. It is unfinished, and was probablj' intended to be sawn in half and excavated for a papyrus. Sycomore. 12 inches high. Wood of the acacia tree. 24 inches. Sycomore. 12 inches. Theban limestone. 9 inches. Sycomore wood. Ill inches high. 339. Figure of Osiris sitting. This figure has been gilt. Rude sculpture, no hieroglyphics. 400. Figure of a mummy, or of Osiris, with its pedestal coarsely executed and painted. A perpendicular line of hieroglyphics down the front and back. The pedestal has a square hole, in which was probably put some com, or a small papyrus ; also a hole at the top of the head for the insertion of the horn and feathers. The hole in the pedestal is usually closed by a wooden image of a hawk. 401. Another specimen of the same, of somewhat better work, and of the same age. A hole, one and a half inch in diameter, has been made through the head to the depth of five and a half inches, and in which was hidden a papyrus. 402. Statue of Osiris. This fragment is interesting, from the circumstance of its having an inscription down the obelisk at the back, and is midoubtedly of very ancient work, from the style of the hierogly- phics and the proportions of the figure. In its perfect state it must have been two feet high- This fragment is published in Mr. S. Sharpe's collection of Egyptian inscriptions. 403. Figure of a goddess wearing the cap of Lower Egypt in the position of Sycomore wood. the hieroglyphics. " '"'='''' ^'^^■ The style of this statue is ancient, of the time of Rameses. 404. Isis nursing Horus. " Bronze, gilt. Probably of the Roman period, and made in A'uhia, at which time the disk and horns, in imita- 8 inches, tion of the more ancient examples, verj' frequently suppUed the place of the throne. It has been entirelj' gilt. The throne and base are hkewise antique, although of two diflerent H Sycomore wood. 1 2 inches high. Basalt. 12 inches. ( 50 ) Sycomore. 9 inches. No. species of wood ; that of the throne being of the acacia or gnm-arabic tree, and the phnth of a cedar, on which may still be seen two characters in the Enchorial writing. The statue, including the disk and horns, is nine inches high. 405. A beautiful and rare Egyptian figure. The hieroglyphics being perfect, and the colouring of the face and hands in good preservation. This figure is covered with a thick black coating composed of pitch. It has eight lines of well-formed hieroglyphics written in yellow Uquid. From the style of the hair and the hieroglyphics this figure is of the nineteenth dynasty. This figure, and Nos. 83 and 88, are published by Mr. S. Sharpe, in his Egyptian Inscription-s, Second Series, Plate G5. ^ 406. Wooden figure of O.siris liolding the flail, and painted with white, red, and blue, and a hieroglyphical inscription in front. It is said to have been foiuid, with many others, in Mr. Belzoni's tomb. From Mr. Athanasi's collection. 407. Osiride figure, bearing the prenomen and nomen of Oimenephthah I., cedar. 8 inches. B.C. 1190. This was found in a chamber of the tomb of the Pharaoh whose name it bears. 408. Osiride figure like the two former, bearing the prenomen and nomen of sycomore. Oimenephthah I. ^ '°'=''^'- There were several bushels of these figures in one of the chambers of that royal sepulchre. The fig-ures that remaiued were all burnt for firewood. The greater number were not inscribed. Taken out of Belzoni's tomb. 409. Mummy figure of a lady painted white, the flesh yellow, the hair black, Sycomore-fi the necklace of various colours ; bracelets likewise of various colours. '"'°'*' In her right hand she holds the hoe, and in her left the coarsely-woven bag supposed to contain the seed for the cultivation of the Elysian fields, or fields of Amenti. Nine fines of incised hieroglyphics are painted with a blue pigment derived from an oxide of copper, which becomes black in our atmosphere : the lines between the hieroglyphics are red. The style of work, and the inscriptions, make it probable that this figure is of the time of Ramesses II. (B.C.) 1150, of superior work. 410. Statue of a man in a kneeling position, and in the act of triturating grain Limestone. by moving up and down a small stone on a fixed block of granite ^ "^''^'^^' made sloping and curved for the purpose. ( 51 ) No. On examining this interesting specimen closely, it will be found that it represents a person in the condition described by the French phrase, "en hon point f that he wears a leopard's skin on his back ; and that his under g-anuent is made of the fine linen of Egypt, as intimated by the number and minuteness of the folds ; and, furthermore, his hair is minutely divided into little curls, and that he wears the royal lock of hair proceeding from the right side of the head, and the short tnmcated beard of the kings of the early dynasties. Unfortunately the few remaining hieroglyphics, written in black pigment round the plinth of the statue, do not enable the egj-jitologist to give either the name or the quahty of the person ; but from the apparel, the lock of hair, and the leopard's skm, it becomes certain that it represents a king in the qualitj- of high priest, performing some superstitious rite connected with the rehgious notions of the ancient Egyptians respecting com and the manufacture of bread. Having arrived at this conclusion, from the unvarying constancy of the attributes, it will not be difficult to identify the person of the king, and to shew that it represents Thothmosis I., B.C. 1400, from the Hkeness the countenance bears to the representations of that prince, and from the fashion of the hair. This statue is curious and interesting, not only as a work of art, but also as illustrative of the ancient mode of gTinding corn still practised in the valley of the jN'ile, above the cataracts, and in the interior of Africa, where the circular mill-stones have not yet been introduced. It may be remarked that this mode of trituration is stUl commonly employed by the Itahan manufacturers of chocolate. 411. Statue of a negro ■woman, with three monkeys to whom the artist means to Hard porcelain, •1 , T blue glaze. msmuate she acted as nurse. Two of these monkeys are at her feet, and one she carries in her arms. The monkeys have silver rings round their necks, and the nurse earrings, and formerly a nose-ring. This is one of those sarcastically-burlesque representations in which the Eg-yptian artists of all ag'es seem to have indulged. The style of the work agTees entirely with that of the eight- teenth dynast}-, and is probably of the period of the expedition to the interior of Africa, which is recorded in the small temple of Kalabshe, as having- taken place during the reign of Ramesses II., B.C. 1150. The same fashion of dividing the hair is still practised in the interior of the African continent. Presented to the Hartwell Museum by C. F. Barker. Esq., 1844. 412. Statue of a man in a walking position, the right hand clenched and the sycomore and arm straight, as if it held the sceptre called Pat, which is always acacia. 12 inches. carried horizontally. The left arm was apparently bent over the breast. The hair is in the fashion of the eighteenth dynasty, and is made of a separate piece of wood of the sycomore-fig. The figure is entirely naked, except that peculiar piece of linen which seems wrapped over the loins, and kept in its position by a belt tied in front with a bow, peculiar to the same period. The propor- tions of the figure are also of the eighteenth dynasty, and of elegant and exquisite work. The remains of paint are still to be traced on it. Procured by Mr. Coster, of Alexandria, in 1842. ( 52 ) No. 413. Fragment of a tablet bearing the remains of ovals, on which is engraved the names of conquered provinces, surmounted with the figure of a man with his hands tied. Tliis is part of the throne or seat of a divinity or king. Only portions of the embattled cartouches remain ; still there is enough to determine that the provinces are of the interior of Africa. Purchased at Jlr. Athanasi's sale in 1836. 414. Hand of the king leaning on a cushion, in cavo-relievo sculpture, and Limestone. nearly the size of life. 41f'). Beautifully sculptured head, in very low relief, of Barneses II. (the Sesos- tris of the Greeks), from a column in the Great Hall of the temple of Karnak. To this fragment is also attached the arms and hand of the 496. king making an offering of a cone, resembling, in form and size, one of those terra-cotta cones that are found in such abundance at Thebes. In order to exjilain whence these frag-ments were derived, it will be necessarj' to state, in the first place, that the roof of the Great Hall of the temple of Karnak is supported by 132 columns, fen of which are of the kind and dimen- sions of fig. (1), representing the full-blown papyrus ; and the re- maining 122 are of the form and dimensions of fig. (2) , representing the bud of the same plant. Dur- ing the reign of the Pharaoh whose likeness is here sculptured the great temple of Karnak was subjected to certain repairs and extensive obliterations of the name and titles of more ancient Pharaohs, to make room for those belonging to Rameses II., as well as for representations of that celebrated Egyptian monarch making offerings to the national ilivinities. These fragments are actually pieces of some of those repairs and substitutions which Fig. 2. K.B. — The dimensions of the larger column are expressed in French metres as well as Engl ish feet. ( 53 ) Sandstone from Gebel Silsilis. 416 417 Fig'. 3. were made at the time above stated, which, beuig in this instance only superficial, had fallen from their places, and were picked up by Mr. James Burton, out of whose collection they were bought by Dr. Lee. The accom- panying wood-cuts have been engraved more particu- larly to explain from which of the two kinds of columns, and from what part of the column, these fragments were derived. It will be evident from the radius given by the portion left of the curve or circumference of the column, that the fragments could not have belonged to the larger column, whose diameter at the place where the figures occur is at least ten feet, so that if they are derived from any column of this celebrated hall it must have been from one of the smaller ; and this is further coito- borated by the fact of the decoration on the larger co- lumns being in that style of sculpture pecuhar to the Egyptians, as may be seen by some photographic views of the hall in this collection, and not in basso-relievo proper, as are these fragments. No. 3 is a representation of the whole figure as it occurs on these columns, shewing the actual pieces of stone that were inserted into the column at the time of the repairs and obli- terations which took place in that particular part of the great temple of Kamak in the reign of Rameses II., B.C. 1150. Lower part of an Egyptian figure sitting, with hieroglyphics on the back Black granite. and sides of the chair or throne. 3j of an indi wide. Purchased at the sale of Mr. Burton or Mr. Salt. This fragment is pubhshed in Mr. S. Sharpe's Inscriptions, plate 35. Statue of a man in that sitting position pecuhar to some Egyptian statues. Black granite, and still common to the modern inhabitants. The figure is entirely enveloped from the neck to the foot, the hands only appearing ; the right holding a handkerchief placed on the left knee, and the left open on the right knee. On the front of the dress, extending from the knee to the instep, is an inscription, in six perpendicular Unes and one horizontal. This inscription is the dedication of the statue to " Amun Ra, lord of the world ; Mandoo, lord of the district ; and Osiris, lord of tlie place of the dead." On the arms are also some liierog'lyphics, in which it is stated that the statue represents " the great royal scribe approved of Mandoo ;" and in the fragmentary inscription of five perpendicular lines, on the back of the pier, behind the statue, this person is called the "royal son ofTacelmote (Tacellothis), deceased, immortal." Mr. S. Sharpe informs us, in his " Egyptian Inscriptions," page 5, plate 35, that this person, whose name was Mandothph, "was third in descent from a king of Bubastis, mentioned by ilanetho, who, we find from the monuments, reigned over all Egypt. As there were forty years between the reigns of Tacellothis and Sesonch (Shishak), the conqueror of Rehoboam (B.C. 970), Mandothph must have died about B C. 800." See " Early History of Egypt," by Mr. S. Sharpe, pages 14 and 41. The head of this statue has been broken off with great ( 54 ) violence, probably by the Assyrian or Persian invaders, and damage done to the pUnth from falUng, but no wilful defacement of the hieroglyphics. It may be remarked that the hieroglyphics are so much in the style of those on a beautiful sarcophagus in Paris, that there is a probabihty they may be by the very same hand. 418. Fragment of a head. Purchased at Mr. Burton's sale, July 27, 1836. 419. Upper part of the statue of an Egyptian king, whose name has been care- fully erased from among the hieroglyphics on the column at the back; while on the shoulders has been inserted, to the prejudice of the former names, the prenomen and nomen of Pharaoh Hophra, or Psam- metichus III. The style of work is that of the period of the Psammetici ; but this statue could not, in the first instance, have represented any of that family, for otherwise there would have been no necessity to have obliterated the cartouch on the shoulder containing the prenomen, which is common to all the Psammetici. The conclusion then is, that this statue originally represented Pharaoh Kecho, who reig'ned after Psammetichus I. (see chronology and geography of an- cient Egypt, by S. Sharpe). The beauty of the work, and the hard- ness of the material, must always have made this piece of sculpture of gi-eat consideration ; and it is inter- esting to know that both these Pha- raohs, whether Necho, whose real image we suppose it to have been, or Hophra, whose name it bears, are both mentioned in the Bible. Ano- ther circumstance gives to this frag- ment peculiar interest, which in a measure compensates for the loss of the features, and that is the certainty of the direction of the blow, which has deprived us of the entire right side of the face : it was aimed at the beard, than which, according to the notions of the Asiatics, no greater indignity could be offered to the statue of the king. And now, when we take into consideration the great esteem in which this statue must have been held, to have made it worth the labour of dbliteratinir the Limestone. Green basalt. 1 1 iuclies high. ( 55 ) No. former names, and inserting' those of Pharaoh Hojihra, together with the great beauty of the work, we may reasonably conchide that it occupied a conspicuous place among the statues of the Beth Shemesh, or some other of the houses of the gods of the Egyptians, which were broken at the time of the invasion of Cambyses, wliich happened thirty-three years after the death of Pharaoli Hoi)hra. An engraving has been made of the hieroglyphics on the shoulders, and of the whole fragment^ to scale, and restored in outline, with the hope that its publication may bring to light the lower half, which probably exists in some other collection. Mr. Samuel Sharpe remarks, that we know of no statues in basalt-rock before the" reign of Psammetichus I. Therefore this statue, with the name of Hophra Psammetic cut over a former name, was probably orig-inally made for Necho, as both of the original names have been cut out. For the same reason, it may be taken as evidence that the name which it now bears is that of a king who reigned after Necho ; which, indeed, agrees with what we learn from the Bible, and other authorities, which tell us that Hophra was dethroned by Amasis, and was the same king as Psammetichus III., B.C. 591. 566. This statue was presented to Dr. Lee by Captain , R.N., on a voyage from Malta to Smyrna. No. 1 is a representation of the fragment, its dimensions in English feet and inches. No. 2 is the prenomen of Hophra. No. 3 is the cartouch, containing the hieroglyphics for the letters P S M T K. No. 4 The remains of the inscription on the column at the back of the statue, in which the hieroglyphics that were contained in the ling or cartouch have been carefully obhterated. The four genii of Ainenti. 420. Sioumoutf, with the head of a jackall. His name means the carver. ^ 421. Ha}5i, with the head of a monkey. His name means the digger. 422. Kebhnisnauf, with the head of a hawk. His name means the bleeder. 423. Amset, with the head of a man. His name means the carpenter. j These four form a complete set of vases, surmounted by the heads of the genii of the Amenti. They have been decorated with black paint, each having its name written in hieroglyphics down the front. In appearance they resemble the jars in which were deposited the viscera of the embalmed person ; but as they are in one piece, and solid throughout, they are evi- dently only imitations ; whence we may conclude, either that the religious beUef connected with this part of the ceremony of embalming had fallen into disuse, or else that they must be regarded as so many frauds committed by the embalmers. 424. Jar, the lid representing Hapi, the monkey-headed divinity of Amenti. Thebau limestone 12 inches. Limestone. lii iucbes. ( 56 ) N". 425. Jar, the lid representing Amset, the human-headed divinity of Amenti. The lower part is hollowed out to the very bottom. Alabaster, from Alabaslron. 19 inches. 426. Specimen of petrified pahn-tree. A little north of Cairo, in the plain close to the Gehel Alakmar, is the remains of a forest of petrified trees, of various kinds, strewed on the sands. Purchased at a sale of Eg-^'ptian antiquities, by Mr. Sotheby, May 14, 1833. No. 242. Length seven inches, diameter four and a half inches. Found near the great Oasis. See No. 447. Purchased with several other specimens. 427. ) Specimens of stone which have been cut off from the back of some frag- 428. ) ment from the tomb discovered by Belzoni, in the valley called Biban Almoluk, at Thebes. The fragments here spoken of is No. 385 of the catalog-ue of Burton's sale. Both pieces are good specimens, of the best quahty of stone, of the mountain on the west side of the Nile at Thebes. Purchased at Mr. Burton's sale, by Mr. Cureton, and bought for the Hartwell Museum in August 1836. 429. Fragment of the lower part of an Egyptian figure of a man wearing the plaited kilt. Basalt. BA inches. WRITINGS ON PAPYRUS AND OTHER MATERIALS. 430. Two fragments of the Ritual for the Dead, in a mixed hieratic character. The first piece, in the larger character, is illuminated with an outline-drawing of the deceased pouring out a libation to a human-headed hawk, probably representing the soul of his mother, before whom is a large collection of offerings, consisting of a decapitated ox, a gazelle, several ducks, and loaves of bread ; the whole being covered with the papyrus and the lotus flower in buds, and the full-bloom plant. The second is part of the text belonging to the illustration. 431 Fragment of the opening chapter of the Ritual for the Dead, in the pure Enchorial character, and in a beautiful hand. It is accompanied by a coloured representation of the deceased, when alive, making an offering to Osiris. The legends of this picture are in hieroglyphics. This first part of the ritual refers to the acts of the deceased, intimating that during his hfe he reverenced the gods. Papyrus. 12 inches long b y inches broad. 26 inches long by 10 inches broad. ( 57 ) No. 432. Inscription on a prepared canvas, probably part of the inner case of a 1 1 inches long, 5 inches high. mummy. It is in liierog-lyphics, and illuminated with a picture of the winged scarabaeus. This is a specimen of a similar combination of plaster and canvas, mentioned at No. 79. 433. Beautiful specimen of Egyptian drawing on a fragment of limestone. This masterly outline in black pigment had first been sketched in a red ink, which we find to have been the constant practice. 'WTiether the red lines are by the same hand as the black it is impossible to say, but none but a most perfect master hierogrammatist could have drawn the black lines. The fragment of stone on which the work is done was never much larger, and the question is, for what purpose ? Was it for practice ? Was it by way of sample for the imitation of those learning to draw ? Or was it a perfect single chapter of the ritual which was deposited in the tomb ? Limestone. 5 inches high, 4 inches wide. 434. Fragment of the ritual in a larger Enchorial character. This fragment has also been improperly joined, for there is no genuine volume of this ^\'idth. 2 inches long, 34 inches wide. 435. Two fragments of the ritual, in the Enchorial character, and in the same small neat hand, although probably belonging to different volumes. The smaller piece, containing twelve lines, shows the dimensions of one column or page of the book to have been five inches wide, and five inches and a half high. The other volume con- sisted of pages contaimng sixteen lines, and seven inches high, but the width of the column cannot be ascertained, the pieces being displaced. 7i inches long. 9i inches wide. 436. Fragments of a volume written in a fine Enchorial handwriting of the time of Rameses II. (B.C. 1150), whose name is discoverable in the third line of the larger fragment. This interesting specimen was bought by Dr. Lee at Mr. Burton's sale, arranged as in the lithographic fac-simile ; but Mr. Samuel Sharpe discovered that the pieces had been dislo- cated, probably by the person who pasted them on the paper. Mr. Sharpe proposes the arrangement given at pages 87 and 88 of his Egyptian Inscriptions, Second Series. This arrangement, confirmed by the fractures as well as by the letters, is here indicated by the numbers over each frag-ment. See hthograpliic fac-simile. 437. Fragment of the ritual in the Enchorial, written on linen. Each chapter fully illuminated with figures in outline. It has been lately discovered that the ink used by the ancient Egyptians for writing on linen is a compound of nitrate of silver. I Linen. 2 feet long, 3 inches wide. ( 58 ) Limestone. 1 2i inches high. 9J inches wide. No. 438. A funeral tablet of the usual circular-headed form. The figures are outlined in a red ink, and the hieroglyphics iu black ink. A grey colour has been carefully painted between the figures, leaving them, and the space occupied by the hieroglyphics, white. The subject is a man and woman standing in the attitude of prayer before three divinities, viz. Ra, Isis, and probably Nepthys. Between the divinities and mortals is a table of offerings : below have been four lines of hieroglyphics. The whole is crowned by the winged globe, from which is pendant the two serpents, and then a row of stars. 438a. Eemarkably fine specimen of Egyptian carpentry and hieroglyphics Fir-tree wood. . 2 feet 5 inches in wood. long, 1 foot 8 It is the whole of the foot-end of a massive sarcophagus. In the centre is the goddess Neph- inches high, thys in a kneeling position on the hieroglyphic /^^^^\ ^'^^ placing- her hands on the , which is found in combination with the two mystic eyes in tablets 441 and 442. The hieroglyphics are most elegantly formed in the fashion of the writing of Lower Egypt about the time of the last Pharaohs or the early Ptolemies. The wood is that of a tree not now found in Egypt, probably cedar. Jlr. Sharpe remarks, that the final s iu the name of the divinity, Osiri Apis, is borrowed from the Greek. See plate 96, of Mr. Sharpens second series of inscriptions, where this fragment is published. 439. Tablet of the usual form, inscribed in black and red pigments. It represents four men, two of whom are shaven and wear only the short kilt, probably priests, while the other two are clothed in long fringed garments, in the attitude of adoration before a statue of Ea, between whom and the mortals is a small altar, with a lotus and a vase. Above their heads is the winged globe without the serpents, but with two sym- Limestone. 15 inches high, 1 1 inches wide. I bolical eyes, and the hieroglyphic ^ with two figures of the jackal exactly in the posi- tion of figure No. 139. Below are four hnes of hieroglyphics m outline. INCISED TABLETS. 440. Very remarkable tablet, partly sculptured in relievo, and partly incised. It seems to have been drawn by a very skilful artist, and carved by a very inferior one, who has frequentljr entirely departed from the outline. This tablet, which is of the usual form, is divided into three horizontal compartments. In the upper are two tables of offerings, con.sisting of fowls, the leg of a gazelle, figs, cucumbers, and two thigh bones with the flesh, and cakes, placed before two persons sitting on a sofa and mhaling- the perfume of the lotus. In the next compartment, sitting on the ground, are probably two daughters and a son of the persons above ; and in the third compartment are two other children, sons of the Limestone. 1 1 inches high, 8^ inches wide. N». ( 59 ) same, likewise all inhaling the odour of the national flower. In this compartment are 'two lines of Enchorial writing-. Each figure has some hieroglyphics, and there is a dedi- cation to Osiris above, and two lines of characters below. 441. Perfect tablet of the usual form. ' Mmestone. In. the place of the winged globe are the two eyes and the ring. See No. 438a. The subject {^ ^^^f^ ^'§g' is a man making an offering and prayer to Osiris. Below are three women. The hieroglyphics are blue on a yellow ground. 442. Small tablet of the usual form. The ring' and the two eyes, below which is a woman standing, pouring- out a libation to a man sitting-, who inhales the perfume of the lotus. A line and a half of hieroglyphics occupy the lower part of the tablet, the fi-acture having taken place before the inscription was eng-raved. Limestone. 9i inches high, 7 inches wide. 443. Tablet of the usual form, with half a winged globe over the shrine of Osiris, before which a man and a woman are standing in the attitude of prayer. The man pours out a libation over a table of offerings. Below are two male and two female figures sitting- on the ground. Limestone. 1 1 inches high, 7 inches wide. 444. Small tablet of the usual form, only partly sculptured. Two figures are still in outline, and the black pigment of the ancient hierogrammatist as di.-;- tinct as if only drawn yesterday. A line of Enchorial writing runs along the base of the tablet. In the tipper di-vision two men are sitting by a table furnished with those pointed processes that are common to the more ancient tablets, and upon these is placed a tray containing a calfs-head, a duck, the leg of a gazelle, a bundle of onions, and some bread. In the lower compartment sits a man and woman : between them is a table furnished with the like provisions. Those pointed processes are probably rushes on which the viands were laid. The fig-ure of this rush occurs frequently in the hieroglyphics, and bears the phonetic value of our letter A. Limestone. 12 inches high, 7i inches wide. 445. A very singular tablet, divided into four horizontal compartments. Two great eyes, with allusions to the two goddesses of Amenti, occupy the uppermost. The next, a man sitting on a chair, before whom is a table, and three women sitting on the g-round. In the third, three men and one woman ; two of the men having a singular pendant lock of haii from the back of the head. In the fourth are five men. All the figures sit on the e:round, except the one man in the second compartment. The figures and hieroglyjihics have been painted with a bright blue pigment made of copper, which, for the most part, has turned green. Limestone, 19 inches high, 11 J inches wide. No. ( 60 ) 440. Hiffhly-finished tablet, perfectly entire ; the circular top space occupied Limestone. * -^ '■ "^ 1-11 22i inches high, by the winged globe, the eyes, the ring, the vase, and two jackals. u inches wide. The subject is a man in long robes making an offering and prayer to Osiris, Ea, and Isis. Then follows a perfect inscription, in seven lines of distinctly-formed hieroglyphics, regard- less of certain imperfections in the slab. 447. Remarkable tablet, two of the figures being in an unusual position. The subject is three men standing before Osiris, Isis, and Nephthys, who is in the position of the goddess Neith, plate 28, of Sir G. Wilkinson's Ancient Egyptians. Osiris is elevated above the other divinities. Before him is an altar furnished with the opened extensions of the table. The foremost of the mortals is also in an unusual position, and habited in a long dress ; the two others in the pointed kilt. Four lines of hieroglyphics complete the work. The figures seem to have been coloured red, and they are of ancient style. A natural globule of iron occurs in the top of the cap of Osiris. Sandstone. 14J inches high, 10 inches wide. 448. Tablet, divided into two compartments. The subject in the upper, two men in the plaited dress of the nineteenth dynasty, in the attitude of prayer before Osiris seated, before whom is a lotus growing, on which stand four little bearded figures. An altar, with a lotus, is placed before the throne of the divinity. The lower compartment is a procession of four women and two men. Limestone. 1 4J inches high, 9J inches wide. 440. Tablet, crowned with the curvetto, and inclosed by the bead-moulding. It begins by fotir horizontal lines of hieroglyphics, the two first to be read from right to left, and the two next from left to right. Then follows a representation of two men clothed in long di'esses, sitting on high-backed chairs. Between is a table provided with the rushes, above which is a tray amply stocked with food. In a lower compartment is a woman sitting on the ground before a table, and a young man in a walking position behind a table. Limestone. 17i inches high, 12 inches wide. 450. Tablet, commencing with the two eyes and the ring. Then follow five lines of hieroglyphics placed horizontally, and then three figures erect in a i"* "nciies ig , walking position, two of whom are men. Not a single hieroglyphic wanting. Fine sandstone. lOJ inches high, 7} inches wide. 451. Tablet, the upper part of which is occupied by the winged globe, and the Limestone. figure of a man in the attitude of prayer before Ra, with the attributes 8 inches wide.' of Osiris, behind whom is Isis and Nephthys. All the figures are in the erect position. Between the divinities and the mortal is an altar, on which is a vase with a lotus. Four horizontal lines of large coarse hieroglyphics complete the work. ( Gl ) INSCRIPTIONS ON FRAGMENTS OF POTTERY. No. 452. Tray containing three fragments of coarse earthenware vases, inscribed on the convex surface with sentences, now for the most part illegible. The larg-er fragment, which is 3| inches long and 25 inches wide, is inscribed in the Greek lan- gTiag'e. The writing', in. a black pigment, is rendered more legible from the circumstance of the fragment being part of a vase, the outer surface of which had received a white glaze. The next in size bears an inscription, hkewise in the Greek character, but scarcely to be seen. On the third fragment only one or two letters remain, and they are of doubtful form. 453. Tray, containing six pieces of pottery, five of which are inscribed. The larger fragment, which is 5 inches by 3i inches, is in the Arabic language, and begins with the four first letters of the alphabet, i^ C-" L— ' I, and then follows certain now illegible sentences in the same character, and in the handwriting- of the Takurxa, or pilgrims from the interior of the continent of Africa, who pass through Nubia and Upper Egypt on their way to Mekka, and who write charms for the inhabitants of the villages of those districts for a morsel of bread or a handful of flour, sometimes making use. for that purpose, of fragments of ancient pottery which they pick up among the ruins. The chief evidence of the antiquity of the pottery, on which the Mohammedan charm is inscribed, is, that the interior or convex surface is partially covered with the dark resinous incrustation very commonly found on the interior of these fragments, and which may be attributed to the resinous deposit from the ancient wines which these vases formerly contained. This, how- ever, is not always of necessity a test of the antiquity of the fragment, for the ancient inhabitants of Egypt, like the present occupiers of the soil, made great use of porous earthen- ware jars for the purpose of coohng water, and the fragments of those vases contain no resinous deposit. There is no ancient site in the country which is not more or less abun- dantly strewed with fragments of vases that had been used for both wine and water. 454. Tray containing nine fragments of vases. All have been inscribed, as is most usual, on the convex side. Only eight of the number, however, retain indisputable evidence of having been used for writing on, and of these three only are sufficiently distinct to determine the language. The larger fragment, 4i_ inches by 3i inches, is in the Greek language, and begins with the words (tovc ay&oov 4>aacf>i Ke. The writing, in a black pigment on the white glaze of the outer surface of the vase. The next largest fragment is in the Coptic language ; and the next in the Greek. The smallest fragment is inscribed with Arabic characters, and, like the former, is in the peculiar handwriting of the African pilgrims, who pass through Egypt both in going and returning from Mekka to their country. 455. Tray containing three fragments of pottery, two of them now only bearing any writing. ( 62 ) No. The lai-o-er, 5 inclies by 2i inches, is a fragment of the co-ver of a vase, or a flat dish, of fine g-lazed pottery. It is inscribed, in a good Greek runnino: hand, on the concave or inner surface. The second piece, which is nearly square, 3 inches by 2 inches, is inscribed on its convex surface in Demotic. 456. Tray, containing four fragments of pottery, three only of -which contain signs of human thought, if we except the fact of their being fragments of vases turned in the lathe. The largest, 5 inclies by 3i inches, is inscribed with large initial Greek characters. The second of the speaking fragments is mscribed on the white glazed convex surface, in the Coptic tongue ; and, as the inscription begins with a cross, is probably of the Christian era. The third fragment retains only a few Greek characters. 457. Tray, containing four fragments of pottery. The larger, 4i inches by 4 inches, is inscribed in the Greek tongue. The second in Copt ic. The third in Greek. The fourth in Greek. All now too faint to decypher. 458- A piece of broken pottery, 5J inches long by 3 inches, bearing an En- chorial inscription, with the name of Ptolemy, probably Ptolemy Euergetes, and it may have been written iu that king's reign, about B.C. 221— 246.— S.S. 459 A piece of broken pottery, 3 inches long by 2^; inches, bearing part of a Greek inscrijstion, in the Alexandrian running hand of the second century, with the date L.x8, or the year 34. The potter}' has been broken since the inscription was written, and the letter A, wliich follows the date, is all that now remains of the king's or emperor's name. No Roman emperor after Augustus and before Theodosius II. reigned so many j^ears. The years, however, of Diocletian were continued to a much higher number, and the years of Aurelius were con- tinued on the coins of his son and successor, Commodus, up to \y, or 33 ; hence the next word may have been avrovfivov, and this inscription may have been written one year after the death of Commodus, or in a.d. 195 ; or avroxparopos cnliaaTov for the emperor Au- gustus, and it will then have been written in a.d. 5. — S.S. 460. A piece of broken pottery, 3 inches long by 2| inches, bearing part of a Greek inscription in the Alexandrian running hand, with the date of L./3. avruiveivov ira-xcav is ; in the second year of Antonimis, on the six- teenth day of the month o/Pachon. ( 63 ) No. This was in a.d. 139, the last year of the Sothic period, or Canicular Cycle, when astrology was much studied in Enypt ; and this inscription may have formed part of an horoscope. The month of Pachon then beg'an, in the Egyptian calendar, on the loth of JIarch, but, in the Alexandrian calendar, on the. 26th of April. The Roman L, with which the date in these inscriptions begins, stands for the word \vKal3avTos in the year . — S.S. 461. A piece of broken pottery, 3 inches long by 2f inches, bearing part of a Greek inscription in a character nearly the same as the last, with the name of Antoninus, and therefore written in a.o. 138 — 162. — S.S. 462. A piece of broken pottery, measuring 2 inches each way, with part of a Greek inscription in an obscure running hand. — S.S. 463. A piece of broken pottery, measuring 5 inches by 2^ inches, bearing part of a Greek inscription in a difficult running hand, with contractions. Note. — The pieces of pottery on which these inscriptions are written are parts of bowls or vases, of various sizes, between 9 inches and 4 inches in diameter, and about a quarter of an inch in thickness. It is well baked, firm in substance, and red m colour. It is smooth on the outside, but the ribs on the inside shew that it was made by means of a lathe. — S.S. 464. Conical brick, with a stamp on its base, which is pubUshed in the volume Baked brick earth. 8 inches by 3 J inches. of inscriptions of the Syro-Egyptian Society. 465. Conical brick, of the same description as the last, wanting its apex, also Baked brick earth published in the same volume by the Syro-Egyptian Society. 5 inches by 3 inches. 466. Conical brick, with an inscription published in the Egyptian inscriptions of the Syro-Egyptian Society. Baked brick earth. 9| inches by 3| inches. 467. Conical brick, bearing the same device as the last, and apparently im- pressed from the same original die. The use of these cones is unknown, but there are two plausible conjectures : one is, that they were used as stamps for seahng the doors of the tombs of Gorna, by making an impression of the device on a piece of soft clay placed over the lock, or on the edge of the door and its jamb, so as to make it impossible to be opened without breaking the seal, and that, for Baked brick earth. 9i inches by 3J inches. ( 64 ) No. further security, the device on the base was first dipped into some red liquid, which colour would be imparted to the impression. A precisely similar mode of making secure the door of a shunah, or com magazine, is practised in Egj-pt at this day ; and that it was an ancient custom also in Assyria we know, from the fact of Mr. Botta finding the fragments of a seal at the door of a chamber in the palace of Khorsabad ; and to this custom also the King of Babylon's question to Daniel, "Are the seals whole," has reference, when he was about to enter the temple of Bel, as recorded in the apocryphal book of Bel and the Dragon, i. 17. The second conjecture is, that they were used for the same purpose as those small cones found by Mr. Loftus in the building at Werka, namely, for inserting- into a wall built of earth. See Loftus' Travels in Chaldtea and Persia. London, 1857. Mr. Samuel Sharpe, on the other hand, is of opinion that they were presented to the temple as gifts, or as the record of a gift, because the word for gift, or hill, is the same in the Coptic, and also because they always bear some rehgious inscription on the base. This conjecture is confirmed by those bas-reliefs where we see the king on his knees presenting similar cones to the god of the temple (see No. 496), and also by the small stone pyramids, about 12 inches high, which have been found in Egypt, and which in the same way have been used as typical of a gift, because the words gift, hill, and pyramid are the same. It has been suggested that they may have been used for stamping pastry, to ornament bread or cakes. VASES OF TEERA COTTA. 468. Vase, of elegant form, covered with a black glaze, and ornamented witli Fine clay. ^ # some red horizontal lines. 4^ inches high. 469. A double vase, of curious form, but bearing no device in paint or sculp- Fine day. tuvQ ^5 inches high. ( 65 ) No. 470. Eleg-antly-formed vase, of a brown colour, in perfect condition, but Fine clay. , T . 7i inches. Without device. The clay of which this vase is made seems to have been mixed with hme. 471. Flattened globular vase, with a long neck and handle, but no foot or fine day. r-r-^ device. ^* ''"'^^'- It is of a dark -brown colour, and in perfect condition. 472. Egyptian vase, of a flattened globular form, short neck, two handles, and Fine day. two nodules for a foot. ''' '""^ ^^ "^ On the front and back is impressed, in reUevo, the figure of the lotus in the front view, with a circhng ornament. It is of hard pottery, and a brown colour. 473. Rudely-executed vase, of a light-bufF colour, bearing the same device, in Fine day. 1 V r 1 ii • 1 4 inches high. low relier, on both sides. A man in ample robes, standing, and holding in both hands something that appears like a scorpion : over each shoulder is a cross. This device is very analogous to the Egyptian tablets described at Nos. 20 and 21, and is not improbably the Christian interpretation of the same idea. Such vases may have been made to contain a remedy, fancied or real, for the bite of a snake or the sting of a scorpion. ( 66 ) No. 474. This vase has lost its handle and its lip. It is decorated with three thick black stripes round the base of the neck, from which proceed five Irandles of thinner hues that terminate at the foot of the vase. It is of a red colour and has a smooth surface. Some of the bituminous compound with which it is nearly lilled has run over the side and disfigured the ornament. Fine earth. 4J inches high. 47.5. Globular vase, white exterior, with a line of red colour between two black Red earthenware. 1 1 p 1 *> iuches high. lines at the base of the neck and at the shoulder of the vase. 476. Vase, of a red colour, with no device except four engraved lines at its Fiue clay. , , ^ 4 inches high. s" ■ ; shoulder. .It has neither handle nor foot. 477- Fragment of a vase of coarse porcelain, which has been ornamented with black pigment, and covered with a glaze. 478. Cover of a vase made of porcelain, imitating basket-work. 479. Piece of a dish, and a rude head, from Ashmor, in the Delta. Blue glaze. 2 inches iu dia- meter. Coarse earth The head 2 inches high. 480. The cover of one of those vases usually found in the tomb and in which the ^i'^ches'iiigh viscera of the embalmed person was deposited. It represents Amset, the human-headed divinity of Amenti. The countenance is particularly pleasing' ; it has no heard, hut has black hair and j'ellow complexion. 481. The cover of a similar terra-cotta vase, representing the same divinity. but with a less pleasing a countenance. ( or ) N". 482. The cover of a stone vase, representing the human-headed divinity. In this case the complexion is black and the eyelids are yellow. Limes toue. 5 inches high. 483 The cover of a stone jar similar to the former. This is of very inferior work, and has no paint. 484 A piece of sun-baked brick, obtained from a deep excavation, made for the foundation of a country-house forBogos Bey, at Matarieh (HehopoHs), not far south of Tel Elhuhud. Tel Elhuhud is a large mound, covered with the ruhis of a city, called, in the Itinerary of Antoninus, " Vicus J udoeorum " (see Plate II. of the " Chronology and Geography of Ancient Egypt," by Samuel Sharpe. Moxon : London, 18-49). In the autumn of 1845 several men were employed in digging out fine large blocks of Hmestone, which formed the wall on the west side of this ancient city. These blocks were entirely below the present level of the soU, and were the foundation of a brick' wall, which was about twelve feet thick. On the south side, excavations had also been made, and there had been laid bare a perfect gate, made of large blocks of stone, which was built into the sunburnt brick wall. On the jambs of this doorway were sculptured the names of Rameses II. IJoth the wall and the gate had been entirely enclosed by less ancient brick buildings, such as now appear on the mound forming the Tel. The stone substructure on the south side had not been laid bare in its thickness. In all probability there is no record of this discovery but the present, as the stones were in course of removal to the lime-kiln, and no Europeans resided nearer than Cairo, a distance of thirty miles. Vicus Judoeorum was, for several centuries before the Christian era, the chief city of the Jews in Egypt. It bore the name of Onion. Here stood the Jewish temple built in rivalry of that in Jerusalem. Onion was the chief city in the nome or province of Ileliopolis, and not the city of Heliopolis itself, wliich was of less import- ance. Hence Onion was probably the On of Scripture, and not Ilehopohs, which the Sep- tuagint says was On. In the time of the Prophets the city of On, by the change of a single Hebrew letter in its name, was called, by the Jews of Jerusalem, the city of vanity, Aven. This reproach was certainly given to no other city than Onion, which held the rival temple. Limestoue. 5 inches. 485. Vase in wood, of the form of those used for unguents, and generally made Sycomore wood. £. , 1 . 7 inches hicrb. or alabaster. This wooden specimen is not hollowed out, but it has been painted to imitate granite or ala- baster. Such sham vases are frequently found in the ancient tombs of Thebes and else- where m Egypt. In this practice, as well as in some others, respecting the offerings to the dead, the ancient Egyptians resemble the modem Chinese, with whom it is usual to carry, in the funeral procession, sham bars of silver, and other fictitious objects, to deposit in the tomb. k2 ( 68 ) ALABASTER VASES. N". 486. Beautifully-turned alabaster bowl, of elegant form. <- 8 ■ j/-(- ' Alabaster or ara- gonite. (if inches diameter. 487. The neck of a large vase, or part of a straight-sided bowl. Three other frag-ments, are placed with thi.s, but they are too small to determine the form of the vase to which they belonged. Aragnuite. 7J inches diameter. 488. Foot of a large vase. 489. Perfect alabaster vase, in the form of those made of pottery. This vase still contains some brown matter, which gives out an unctuous smell. Aragonite. 43 inches diameter, '2\ inches high. Aragonite. 4-5 of an inch high. 490. Alabaster vase, wanting its neck and lip. This form of vase is the most usual, in which costly- scented ointment was exported from Egypt. It was made at Alabastron on the Nile, and from the town the material received its name, and the vase was called " an Alabastron " This w-ord, in the authorised version of the New Testament, is translated "-an alabaster box," but it ought to be translated an alabaster jar. As the scent it contained was of very great price, the vase was never meant to be opened, but was to give out its fragrance through the sides of the porous jar. Hence, no doubt, arose the choice of this particular stone to inclose it ; and hence the blame thrown upon the woman who, in her pious zeal for the Saviour, broke it for imme- diate use. and consumed in a moment scent which might have been used for years. Vases of the same material, and of this particular form, are found in the tombs of Greece and Etruria, and were made in Egypt, no other quarries of that stone being then known. The same material lias since been found in Spain, whence mineralogists have giveTi to it the name of Arag'onite. Aragonite. 8 inclies high, i\ inches wide. 491. Aragonite. Vase, of the same material, and precisely the same form, but only smaller, jg^ "h"''* '" ( 69 ) N". 492. Vase of the amphora form, uhicli had a nock and hp like the last, but, Aragonite. having been fractured, has been ground off like tlie larger speci- '^ '"'•''"• men, probably in ancient times, as these vases were always highly esteemed. 493. Another modification of the approved form of vase, for unguents, likewise •jYof au'iuch hi h deprived of its neck and lip. 494. Fragment of the lip of a vase, which was of the shape delineated in the -^ragou'te. ( , , margin, and must have measured 6^ inches in diameter. The hoUowinar out of a vase of this form required an ingeniously-constructed lathe, tlie neck or mouth bein-r so much smaller than the interior. 495. Hemispherical cover of a vase, bearing the inscription given in the, -Vragonito. '^ •-J . i vj 4| inches ii miw 'A\ margm. 8 inclies in ilia- meter. 496. Beautifully-turned vase, of conical form : the bottom is of a separate piece, ffcf, 'anlmh hi-ri, accurately joined. i| of an incii wiTie! Presented by .lohn Barker, Esti., April 1844. 497. Conical ];)iece of alabaster, probably the cover of a vase of the form of Alabaster. that delineated at No. 490, filling the neck, into which it was fitted liota" inch high! with some cement, thus hermetically closing it. There is a rudely-turned depression in the base. 498. A flat tazza. Alabaster. 4 inches in dia- iHttcr. ( TO ) N". 499. Cover of a vase, probably of the shape of that dchneated at No. 494, in ^^'^baster, which was kept an unguent, of a less liquid form, for anointing the meter body. in dia- FRAGMENTS OF MUMMIES. 500. Right hand, apparently of a man, mummified by the bituminous process. The nails and the ends of the fingers are excessively wide, and there is still to be seen some of the gold-leaf with which it was customary to adorn the extremities of mummies embalmed after this process. .501. Left hand, apparently of a female. The nails and the ends of the fingers have been stained with henna. To this eastern custom, perhaps, may be attributed the epithet, " poSoSuxT-uXos," " the rosy-fingered " given to 'Htis, Aurora, or the Morning, bj- Homer and Hesiod. It is still customary for women to stain the nails, and tips of the fingers and toes, and the palms of the hands, and the soles of their feet, with henna, in Egypt and throughout the East. This mummy has been prepared with more care by the same bituminous process. f502. Right foot of a mummy of a woman, on account of the stain of henna still to be seen on the great toe nail. This foot belonged to a mummy prepared in the same way as the two last, which, as it will be seen by reference to some other fragments of humanity in this collection, was performed by immersing the body into Hquid pitch at a very high temperature, so that it permeated the very substance of the bones. This was done before and after the body had been wrapped up in some of its bandages, and while Ij'ing on its back. 503. The upper part of the left scapula. 504. Dorsal vertebra of a mummv. 505. Fragments of a mummy, opened by Dr. Pettigrcw. 500. Part of a mass of bandage found in the abdomen of a mummy opened by Dr. Pettigrew at the London Listitution on the 18tli of August 1841, and also a piece of skin from a little below the right knee of the same munmiy. Also a bottle containing some powdered asphaltum. ( 71 ) No. 507. Ancient garlic found in a tomb at Thebes. &" 508 A portion of the matter found in the abdomen of a mummy opened by J. Davidson, Esq., before his departure for Central Africa. The matter is supposed to be a mixture of salt, gum, spice, and asphaltum, likewise two pieces of gum, myrrh, and olibar, found in the mouth of the same mummy. 509. A lock of hair from the same mummy. cZ/V ~ A lock of hair so repre.sented in the hieroglyphics, is the detenninative of the verb " to weep," and such locks are found separatelj' in the tomb, as if thrown in by the friends of tlie deceased. 510. Box, containing the representation of the left hand, in the closed position, made of canvas pasteboard and gilt ; also a piece of the same manu- facture ; also three other trays, containing fragments of the same mummy. 511. Necrobia mummiarum, insects found in a mummy, and described by T. J. Pettigrew, Esq., at the opening of a mummy, in his lecture given at the Royal Institution in the summer of 1836, when Dr. Edmunds and Mr. R. Seely, of Aylesbury, were present. See plate 5 of T. J. Pettigrew's work on mummies. 512. Dermestes polhnctus, ditto, described by J. Pettigrew, Esq., at the same time. A larger specimen than the preceding. In plate 6 of Mr. Pettigrew's work on mummies is a drawing of the dermestes. 513. Head of a person mummified after a different process to those fragments of humanity already described. By this process the bones are easily detached from the flesh and from each other ; no bituminous matter seems to have been used, but gums, salt, and antiseptics of vai'ious kinds. This mode of embalming was probably the most costly and the mo.st ancient. ( 72 ) 514. Mummy of a dog, 12 inches long, enveloped in coarse linen. The mummy of the dog- is rare, notwithstanding' the many pits in the necropolis of Memphis (Sakkara), around wliich the bones of the dog- or jackal are abundantly strewn. 515. Mummy of a cat, 17 inches long, enveloped in coarse linen. 516. False mummy of a cat, 11| inches long, made up in the figure of a cat by means of pellets of linen, and ingeniously bandaged. These factitious mummies of cats are by no means rare. 517. Fragment of the mummy of an ibis, in which the feathers are visible. 518. A more perfect specimen of the same bird, 14 inches long. 519. A still more perfect specimen of the same mummified Inrd, entirely enve- loped in its bandages. r^umerous as are these mummies, they are not commonly so perfect ; sometimes the bird and the linen wrapping- are entirely sing-ed, and the whole mummy falls to powder when the vase is opened. 520. Perfect specimen of the mummy of the ibis, in its terra-cotta vase, as found at Sakkara. These vases are piled up on both sides of long tortuous under- ground passages, in which this mummified animal was deposited by the ancient Egyptians, in the way shewn by the wood-cut. These jars have their covers hermetically closed, as this specimen is, ■5\'ith ancient mortar. The pits or wells that give entrance to these passages are easily distinguished from the other mummy pits of the g-re-dt mummy iield of Memphis, by the accumulation of the fragments of the red jars at their mouths. This vase and its cover is about 14 inches long and 6 wide. 521. Fragment of an ibis, in which the feathers are visible. This bird is not now an inhabitant of Eg-ypt; but there is a bird somewhat resembling it, called by the natives Abu-g-erdan ; its beak, however, is not curved. It is frequently seen perched on the back of a buffalo. 522. Mummy of a young crocodile, 1 foot in length, still partially wrapped in its bandages. In the mummy caves of this animal, opposite to Manfalout, that is to say, on the east bank of the Kile, about fifty miles north of Thebes, they are found in great abundance, and of all dimensions, from G inches to 16 feet. ( 73 ) No. 523. Mummy of a young crocodile, 8 inches long, deprived of its bandcages. 524. A nearly square block of limestone, 3| inches high, 5 inches wide, and 4| broad, in the upper surface of which has been carefully sculptured the half mould of the figure of a bird representing the phoenix. Upon this block is placed another of the same dimensions, but only about an inch in thickness, on the lower surface of which is sculptured the other half of the same figure. These two pieces of stone form a perfect mould for impressing- or makings imag-es of this fabulous bird, in ordinary clay or porcelain. Both the lower and ujiper block are furnished with a notch on each side, so that the operator should know when the two halves of the impression were precisely adjusted, and then, by pressing- the upjier block quite close to the under one, make certain their adhesion to each other. This is a most interesting specimen, as it explains the mode of making- all those porcelain figures of mummies, animals, and emblems found in the tombs. 525. JIummy of a fish in its bandages, 1 foot in length, the exterior wrappings of a dark brown colour. The place of the eyes is marked by a black spot, and just over the back, behind the eyes, is a black streak. The mouth is marked by a strip of white linen. This pur- ports to be a mummy of the oxyrynchus, one of the two sacred aquatic animals worshipped by the ancient Egyptians. Strabo, lib. xvii. cap. I. It is to be suspected tluit there is no fish within the bandages, but that it is a sham mummy made by the ancient embalmers. It is not uncommon to find, in our collections, sham mummies of cats, of hig-h antiquity. We^must suppose, that when the dead body was sent to the embalmers they dishonestly saved their labour in this way. The bandages would be the same, but the expense of the embalming would be saved. 526. Frame, containing a small piece of moderately fine linen, marked near the selvage with the hieroglyphics, of which a fac-simile is annexed. There is reason to believe these three hieroglyphics signify life, stabihty, and domi- nion, when apphed to royal personages ; and, probably, when apphed to ordinary persons, life, health, and prosperity. Rings have been found on the fingers of mummies, with the hieroglyphics [a) engraved on the stone, or impressed on the porcelain of wliich thej' are commonly made. The import of these two signs is perfectly understood, and is abundantly proved, to signify " happy hfe ;" and we must infer that when found upon the dead the sentence " happy Hfe " alludes to the future life, for, as these rings are placed on the finger of the deceased after the process of embalming was completed, and over the first bandages, it is reasonable to conclude either, that it was so placed by some friend as expressive of pious reg-ard for the future welfare L . ( 74 ) No. of the deceased, or that it was part of the funereal ceremonies, and placed on the fing-er by the embalmer. In either case the allusion to a future life remains the same, and to this future life the hieroglyphics on the selvage must hkewise be understood to apply. In the same frame are two pieces of manufactured leather, the largest three inches long by one and a half inch wide. These pieces of leather are stamped on one side with the figure of a king anointing the statue of Khem, or Amun Generator, in the attitude in which this divinity is always represented. Over the king are the two ovals containing his name, but the hieroglyphics are too taint to be made out. From the style of the figures there is no question of the great antiquity of these pieces of leather. The impression is in relievo, on a yellow leather ; the back of the strap is of the same material, dyed red. They formed the ends of a strap, probably worn by priests over the neck, as we see in the figures of O.siris in tablets, Nos. 438, 446, 451. In the same frame are likewise three specimens of plaited straw, and below these is a .small volume of papyrus, very much flattened, and bound round with a strip of mummy cloth. The volume is about 4i inches long and I J of an inch wide. The piece of linen, the two pieces of leather, and the plaited straw, were brought from Thebes by Mr. Joseph Bonomi, and presented to the Hartwell Museum in 1^56. 527. Admirable tissue of moderately fine linen, 3 feet 8 inches wide from sel- vage to selvage, and about the same in length. The length of the threads of the warp exceed those of the woof by four inches, and they are most neatly twisted and knotted, forming a fringe. But the great and speaking interest of this fragment is the fact of its being marked at the corner, near the fringe, with the hieroglyphics, of which a facsimile is given in the margin, signifying the " good gift." Now, although this sentence may imply that the garment, of which this formed a part, was the gift of a friend, yet, like the inscription on the former fragment, it has also another meaning, referring to the garment in which the deceased is supposed to appear at the entrance of the Hall of .hidgment— a kind of garment of righteousness, because worn by the deceased when recitmg the negative confession before Osiris and the forty- two assessors, as seen in the funereal papjTi. The ink, by means of which the characters conveying to us at this distant period so unequi- vocal an allusion to a future Ufe, is precisely the same as that now used for marking linen ; and it will be observed, that where the ink has been superabundant, running into a blot at the base of the characters, it has burnt the linen into a hole, which would be the effect of the nitrate of silver in the composition. 528. A piece of strong linen, measuring -i feet 4 inches from selvage to sel- vage, but only from 1 to 2 feet in length. It has an untwisted fringe of two inches in length, interwoven down one selvage, but none on the other. This piece is curious, as suppljing the width of one of those outer garments worn by the Ancient Egyptians, and other people, and represented in the outline tablet. No. 43!J, and wrapped round the person of a woman in the sculptured tablet No. 446 of this collection. This specimen, with two others (Nos. .538 and 530), was presented by .lohn Barker, Esq., April 1844. ( 75 ) 529. A strip of a strong -well-woven linen, 6 inches wide and 21 feet long. At one end is interwoven blue threads, forming a band 1 inch in width, between two bands of very strong- coarse threads; at the opposite extreniitj- is a fringe, four inches in length, knotted at the ends to prevent the unravelhng of the web. There is no selvage on either side, so that it is impossible to ascertain the original width of this long piece of cloth ; but we have in this fragment the whole length of a very strong and large outer garment. Aristides, Demosthenes, and other Greek philosophers, are represented by the ancient sculp- tors as wearing just such a garment as to shape,^but made of wool. This fragment was taken from the mummy of Tai-kush, unrolled by H. ^^^ Dimond. Esq., in 1643. See Ko. 546. •530. A strip of a finer linen than the last described. This strip is deprived of both selvages, but is perfect in its length, wanting only the fringe at the end. It measures 17 feet in length, and is probably a piece of an outer gannent, such as is still worn by the Nubians and Bishareens, sometimes alone, sometimes over the tunic. It is impossible to imagine, except from an intimate acquaintance with Greek statues and relievi, in what a variety- of modes, and with what a sculpturesque g-race this simple piece of cloth is worn Ijy the natives of Upper Egj'pt and of the Bishareen Desert. •531. Piece of linen, 2 feet wide and 7 feet 2 inches long, deprived of the sel- vage on both sides and of one end, so that neither the original width or length can be ascertained. It is of a strong fine texture, and probably a fragment of the outer garment. 532. A specimen of linen taken from a mummy, unrolled by T. J. Pettigrew, Esq., and presented to Dr. Lee, July 1836. It is 2'3 inches wide and 4 feet 6 inches long ; only jiart of the selva;re on one side. The twisted fringe at one end makes it probable that this is part of a tunic ; the other end is irregular, 'i'he Unen is much worn where the greatest amount of friction would take place, namely, about the breast and shoulders, and here it has been carefully darned. There is a specimen of a tunic of this kind in the Leyden Museum. 533. Specimen of linen taken from the same mummj as the last described. It is a strip 4J inches wide and .5 feet 10 inches long, but having been cut at the two ends neither its orig-inal length nor width can be ascertained. It is of a strong texture, and much stained with the substances used in embalminir. ( 76 ) No. 534. Specimen, from the same mummy, of sound good cloth, 2 feet 3 inches long, 6 inches wide. •535. Specimen of coarse strong linen, 4 feet 5| inches wide in the warp. This specimen has an untwisted fring-e, interwoven down one selvage, but not on the other. It appears to have been much corroded, or burnt in holes with the embalming matter. •536. Specimen of a coarse linen of double thread, in wliich a rent is mended by means of a square patch of the same tissue sewn over it. This is an illustration of what the painters of Egypt frequently represented by way of casting derision on the poorer inhabitants, or on an inferior class of their countrymen. In plate 84 of the Second Series of Sir G. Wilkinson's " Manners and Customs of the Ancient Egyptians," is the representation of a funeral procession crossing the Nile, in which a poor man pushing a boat oft' the shore is deUneated, with just such a patch on his garment as occurs in this specimen. The print is taken from a picture in a tomb at Goma, in which the figures are aboxit 9 or 10 inches high. 537. A specimen of very fine linen, 12 inches by 23. The selvage is nearly perfect down the longest side. It has been much worn and stained by the substance used in embalming. Fine linen of Egypt was among the precious things enumerated, as belonguig to that king of the Jews who had extended his kingdom "mito the border of Egypt." (1 Kings iv. 21.) There is in the British Museum the mummy of a dog-faced baboon, covered with a hnen finer than the finest cambric, that is to say, there are more threads, both of the woof and the warp, in a square inch of the ancient tissue than in the modern. 538. Specimen of linen, presented by John Barker, Esq., in 18-14. This specimen is said to have been found at Abydos by Sig. Athanasi. 539. Specimen of Egyptian cloth, which formed the outer wrapper of the mummy of the priest Asiriao, unrolled by T. J. Pettigrew, Esq., at the Royal Institution, in May 1836. This specimen of hnen is of a pink colour, it having been dyed with tlie carthamus tinctorius. For the three cases which held this mummy, see No. 196 in this Catalogue. 540. Piece of bandage, with very long untwisted fringe, taken from the mummy belonging to John Davidson, and presented by him to Dr. Lee on his departure with Abu Beker to explore tlic interior of the North- African Continent. ( 77 ) 541. Another of those specimens of linen presented to the Hartwell Museum by John Barker, Esq. This specimen is also said to have been found at Abydos by Sig. Athanasi. 542. Specimen of linen taken from a mummy belonging to Sig. Athanasi, which was unrolled in the great room of Exeter Hall by T. J. Pettigrew, Esq., in 1837. This mummy was covered with linen inscribed with hieroglyphics, most probably certain chapters of the Ritual illuminated in outline. Xo. 503 is a fragment of the left shoulder of the mummy from which this specimen was taken. 543. Fragment of mummy cloth, showing the ancient mode of sewing two pieces of linen together, as represented in some bronze statues in the Museo Borbonico. The two selvages of the linen are brought together, and darned across at small intervals. This fragment is probably part of the garment described at No. 532. The same mode of joining two selvages is practised in Egypt and all over the East at this day. 544. Part of the best bandages of the mummy opened by Dr. V. P. Pettigrew, at the London Institution, August 18, 1841. See No. 506. 545. Fragments of bandages from mummies, two pieces of which are knotted. 54 G. A round box made of the sycomore wood of the outer case of the mummy Sycomore wood. ofTaiKush. SJ inches in dia- meter. It contains two pieces of the painted canvas case, and some fragments of linen. Presented to Dr. Lee, by H. ^\'. Dimond, Esq., 1843. See Article 529. 547. Envelop containing a piece of linen, with a blue border H inch wide, taken 4 inches wide. from the mummy in the United Service Museum. ~ ^ ''"'^'' '*'"'''■ Unrolled by T. J. Pettigrew, Esq., January 28, 1849. See advertisement, ''Times," February 16, 1849. ( 78 ) N^ 548, A circular basket and cover made of the leaves of the palm-tree. Paim leaves. o;5 inches in dia- The strips of the palm-leaves have been previously dyed black and red, and worked m with meter. those of the natural colour, forming' pyramidal ornaments. Baskets of various forms are still made of the same material both in Egypt and Nubia, and are ornamented in the same way with the dyed leaves of the palm-tree. 549. Box coutaiuhiir a bandage of linen, of strong texture, with an interwoven blue border at one end ; the frin 1 ? fl L 1<=* / ■ J » — <=> WooH. A 1,1 l).i si cr. Drawn bj SamoEl Shirp m tesLimonj of his respect. THE HARTWELL P A P Y ~N ■r xlS^f%nC7^ 9 /^ ^ /^ ' i-'/i .^-^^mapn m I ^^