THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES Scientific and Practical Treatise AMERICAN FOOTBALL Scboote ant> Colleges BY A. ALONZO STAGG AND HENRY L. WILLIAMS HARTFORD, CONN. Press of The Case, Lockwood & Brainard Company 1893 Copyright, 1893, by A. A. STAGG and H. L. WILLIAMS, All rights reserved. CONTENTS. PAGE. Preface, 3 Introductory chapter for Beginners and Spectators, 7 Training, 12 The Center-rusher, . . . . . . . 18 The Guard 26 The Tackle, 34 The End-rusher, ....... 43 The Quarter-back, 50 The Half-backs and Full-back, . . . . 58 Plays, with diagrams, 75 Index of Plays, 216 Team Play, 221 Field Tactics, . . 233 Signals, ......... 257 Axioms, 262 Rules, 265 711196 PREFACE. THE game of football is fast becoming the national fall sport of the American youth. Among the larger eastern colleges, where it has been fostered and developed, football has now been raised to a definite science, but in the west the game is, as yet, compara- tively in its infancy The demand has been rapidly increasing among the smaller colleges and large preparatory schools from year to year for competent coachers, and it is evident that there is felt a wide-spread want for some source of definite information which shall describe the manner of executing the various evolutions, the methods of inter- ference, and the more difficult and complicated points of the game. It is with the desire of meeting this want so far as is possible, and with the hope of stimulating a love for the game and of raising the standard of play among the school-boys of this country, to whom the colleges and universities must look for the material out of which to construct their future elevens, that the authors have pre- pared this volume. The endeavor has been made to begin with simple steps in the early development of the game and advance by gradual stages to the most difficult evolutions and scientific tactics which have been mastered up to the (3) present day. In working out this principle the aim throughout has been clearness and precision. While it is the primary desire to furnish in this work a practical aid in the attainment of a higher standard of play among the preparatory schools and colleges, still it is hoped that the general public will find it an assist- ance to the better understanding of American football, which has come to hold such a prominent place in popu- lar favor. THE AUTHORS. September 15, 1893. r , o z I"S IN GOAL GOAL LINE ,GOAL, GOAL LINE I s ! iO o z. o o m o: o I o o h- H ul : uJ > u. 1 8 O y passing the ball, because the quarter-back will not be in danger of being tackled by the opposing rushers or quarter-back, as they break through the line, and also because he will be free after his pass to give his whole attention to helping the run- ner. He may do this either by going through the opening and pulling the runner after him ; by grasping him and going through with him ; by shoving him hard when he strikes the line; or by jumping into an opponent who has broken through in the path of the runner. Occasionally it may be better to hand the ball to the runner when the quarter-back runs out to the side to interfere for him; but even in that case, a short pass usually facilitates the play because the quarter-back can run faster and do better in- terference when free from the ball. It is of great assist- ance in getting into the interference on end plays for the quarter-back to be able to pass the ball accurately on the run, for every fraction of a second counts in making a helpful connection. 57 On the defense the quarter-back usually hovers in the rear of the center and guards, watching his opportunity to go through and tackle the opposing quarter or half- backs. A powerful style of defensive play has now, however, been largely adopted, in which the quarter-back takes a position behind one of the tackles, while a half-back is brought up to a corresponding position behind the other tackle. They there await the play without attempting to go through on the instant the ball is snapped, and as the line of their opponents separates for the play, the one on whose side of the center the opening is made dives into it to meet the runner before he can strike the line. He must know just when to go through the line and when to wait in order to see where to meet the play; also through which opening in the line to go in order to best check the play. Some shrewd guessing can be done , which will help determine this by noting all the signs of the di- rection of the play spoken of in the chapter on team play. The center and guards, and sometimes the tackles, should help the quarter-back find his opening and assist him in getting through. The quarter-back should always be helped through when the opposing team is going to kick, since it will be much easier for htm to go through quickly on account of his size and quickness in starting. If the rushers and the quarter-back work together on the de- fense the latter can be a most valuable adjunct to their play, because he is free to move anywhere. When a run- ner is checked or tackled, the quarter-back, as indeed all the eleven, should endeavor to pull the ball out of his hands before he calls " down." The quarter-back often has a good chance to do this when the runner is entan- gled in a mass. THE HALF-BACKS AND FULL-BACK. The half-backs and the full-back, who is practically a third half-back, stand usually from two to four yards behind the center of the line. They group themselves at short distances from one another and in a way to best assist in carrying out the play which is about to be made. There is a difference in the latitude given the half-backs and full-back on different teams in arranging themselves for each play. Some captains require these men to occupy the same position on every play, claiming that it is of great advantage in obscuring the play to have a fixed arrangement. On other teams the half-backs and full-back are allowed to move about, and shift their places to the position in which they think they can best help out the play. There is also a great difference among teams in the placing of the half-backs and full-back in reference to each other and also in reference to the rush line. In general, the full-back is stationed behind the center and usually about a yard or a yard and a half further from the line than the half-backs. On some teams, these three play close together, separated by not more than a yard or a yard and a half ; on others, they are separated from two yards to three yards and a half. There is also a decided difference in the distance behind the line which the backs play. This varies from two to five yards. The arrangement of the backs should, in a measure, depend on the style of game to be played ; and the style (58) 59 of game should be determined by the composition of the team. That is to say, that if it is deemed wise to play a center game, it can best be done by bunching the backs ; while, on the other hand, the combinations can be best made for an end game when the backs are more spread apart. Captains who are limited in the selection of their play- ers will find it well worth their while to consider the arrangement of the backs, both in regard to their relative distance from each other, and also in regard to the distance which they stand behind the line. Indeed, there is an opportunity for fine generalship in deciding upon the place for these ground gainers. When the three men who are to occupy positions behind the line have been decided upon, there is also need of careful consideration in determining which posi- tion each one of the three shall fill. The full-back is usually selected for his ability to kick, and yet, it is some- times better that the man occupying that position should act as a half-back until the signal for a kick is given, and then drop back ; while a half-back sometimes could do more effective work in the middle position during the general play. If one of the backs is slow, his best posi- tion is usually at full-back, for there he receives the greatest protection and help. The light, quick men can succeed better at half-back than the slow, heavy men. It frequently happens that one of the backs invariably carries the ball under the right arm and is able to use only the left effectively in blocking off, or vice versa. This fact should be considered in determining which position the men shall occupy. It is unfortunate for a half-back to be so limited, but many of them are r and they do not practice with the 6o other arm enough to train it. Some naturally run in one direction better than in another ; or some are surer and stronger of foot, perhaps, when running around on a particular side. A player is sometimes put in the right or left position because the interference is stronger on that side ; or possibly the arrangement is made to take ad- vantage of a certain known strength or weakness in the team which they are to meet. The half-backs and full-backs are largely the ground gainers for the team and most of the advances into the enemy's territory are made by them. For this reason, only men who possess special qualifications are selected to fill these positions. In quickness and agility they should equal the quarter-back ; in point of speed, ability to dodge, courage, and dash, they should be unequaled by any man on the team. Again and again they must rush headlong into the line, oftentimes only to be hurled back by the opposing rushers who plunge through upon them. Yet, never losing courage, again and again they must come to the rally, now attacking the opponent's center by heavy plunging now trying to make a detour around the wings. Too great emphasis can not be placed on quick starting. The inability to get under headway quickly is very often the difference between a first-rate half-back and a second- rate one. The second-rate half-back may be just as fast a runner, and may be just as hard to stop when once under way, but he does not get under headway nearly so often, because he loses so much time on his start that he is tackled before he passes the critical point in the run. On all plunges into the line the utmost speed must be used in conjunction with the quick start. The distance is very short in which to get under headway, and there is 6i need of the greatest force to project the runner through the resistance, as well as need to reach that point of re- sistance in the shortest time. It is common with many elevens to have one heavy back to do the plunging into the line, but frequently this man is so slow in his start that he is not so effective for line-breaking, against a strong defense, as the lighter man would be. It very frequently happens that in choosing the half-backs, men have to be selected who have only part of the qualifica- tions for the position ; who perhaps can run fast, or, again, are what are termed ' ' fighters," but lack some of the other requisites When such is the case, the captain should immediately take means to train these men in the other necessary qualifications for good half-back play. It is indispensable that a half-back should be able to run into a line hard time and again, and with no fear or hesita- tion. It is likewise most necessary that a half-back should be a powerful runner and not easily stopped ; one who does not fall easily but keeps his feet well when tackled, and struggles on for the gain of a few feet. But he would be a much more useful man if, at the same time with this pluck, determination, and ability to stand on his feet under difficulties, and keep struggling forward, he also had the ability to dodge an opponent or ward him off with the extended arm, instead of running straight into him. Dodging in running can be cultivated through the study and practice of its points of deception. The un- derlying principle is the quick movement of the body, or portion of the body, from a point where it would have been if it had continued in the same direction. In the most simple form of dodging the runner sud- denly changes his direction. As usually practiced, the 62 runner is obliged to slow up a great deal, in order to change his course. In all dodging, the runner, if at topmost speed, must slacken speed a little, just before he reaches the tackier, in order to reduce the size of his stride so that he may have a proper balance for project- ing the body in another direction, or so that he may make certain preliminary body motions which cannot be made when at full speed. There are several ways of dodging, but one man sel- dom possesses more than one or two. The zigzag dodge, which used to be so common when individual running and poor tackling were in vogue, is performed by a com- bination of leg and body feints. Its weakness is that it retards tbe runner too much. In another dodge the run- ner strides suddenly one side with a long step. This is a very effective method for long-legged runners. In another, the runner sways his body from one side to the other, the legs being planted wide apart as each step is taken in a zigzag course. The runner moves in the same general direction until the opponent is reached and then darts to one side. Still another dodge is made by drawing the hips away, and in this dodge a clever vise of the arm is valuable. It is one of the most effective, since the hips are usually the part aimed at in tackling. Another way is to duck under a tackier: by bending the body low at the waist. This is practiced most effectively by small men and is most valuable against high tackling. Another method is to turn the body completely around when about to be tackled, upon one foot as a pivot. This comes into splendid use when the tackier has been unable to grasp the runner with both hands. In another form of avoiding a tackier, the runner, on being ap- proached from the side, slows up a little ; whereupon 63 the opponent delays just long enough to allow him to go around by putting on a burst of speed. Good dodging is not complete unless there is added to it the power to use the arms well in warding off. The latter supplements the former most effectively when well done. When the tackling is high, or when the runner is well bent over, the arm should be extended against the face or chest of the opponent. Often, on a long dive or reach for the hips by the tackier, the runner can break the hold by striking down with his arm. All the above styles of dodging can be acquired by practice. It is bet- ter to practice them with only one-or two men to act as opponents, after the movement has been learned. There is another requisite needed by the half-back in addition to dodging, and that is the ability to follow an interferer or interferers well. Half-backs differ greatly in skill on this point. The work of escaping a tackier should not rest wholly in the interferers' hands, as it so often does. The half-back should supplement the latter's work by taking advantage of the protection given him to work every ruse and feint he knows. Where there are several interferers, there is a chance for the runner to move from one to the other as occasion suggests. It needs quick wit and agility to follow interferers well, but much can be learned by practice with or without oppo- nents, and every half-back should devote himself to per- fecting his play in this particular. The half-backs must be good catchers, not only of kicked balls, but also, and especially, of balls passed from the quarter-back. Oftentimes, the fault of a muff or a fumble can be laid to a poor pass, but if the quarter- back is unsteady on his part, there is all the more reason that the half-backs and full-back be skillful catchers. If 5 t 64 weak in catching, much practice should be given by the half-backs to perfecting themselves. They should work at this in conjunction with the quarter-back in order that they may get used to each other. In catching short passes, it is usually better to catch the ball with the hands. This is surer because the hands can adapt them- selves much better than the arms to the position and shape of the ball when a man is running. In running sidewise to the pass, as it is necessary to do in so many plays, the arms could not be used without checking the speed ; while there need be no diminution in speed when the ball is caught in the hands, provided the quarter-back does his work well. There are three ways of carrying the ball, and each has its proper occasions for use. When the play is straight through the center the general order to the half- back is to put the head down on a level with the waist, gathering the ball up under the body with both arms, be- cause there could be no use for an arm to ward off an opponent until the line has been penetrated, and there is great danger of losing the ball by the pulling and haul- ing to which the runner is subjected. After the runner is well through the line and has a chance to run freely, he should transfer the ball to the side of the body opposite the arm with which it is necessary to ward off. The runner should look for opponents as he emerges from the opening, and likewise for interferers. Where the play is through the more open part of the line the runner should usually carry the ball under the arm which is away from the opponents who are likely to meet him first, shifting it to the other arm when necessary. - In this case, likewise, it is occasionally better to carry the ball in both hands until there is need for warding off an opponent, at which 65 moment the bail can be easily shifted to whichever arm it is desired. This provides for any emergency. This way of carrying the ball is especially valuable in dodg- ing, since the ball can be placed quickly under either arm and a better defense made ; for if forced to dodge, the runner may transfer the ball to the arm away from his opponent and have the other free to ward off. By moving the ball from one side to the other in front of the body while running, the dodge will be made more effective. In carrying the ball under the arm it should be held well forward, because it can be held more tightly in this position. The reason why the ball is often pulled out from under the arm is that it is held so far back that the strong muscles of the chest are of little assistance. When held in this position the ball is often forced out from under the arm when the runner is thrown to the ground. By test- ing these two positions it will be easily seen which is the safer way. If a runner is inclined to lose the ball he should practice squeezing it in the most approved man- ner until he has trained himself to hold it fast under all circumstances. We have already spoken of the runner getting under headway quickly. It is also necessary that he should run with all his speed ; whether he plunges into the center part of the line or follows the interference out to the wings (unless he is obliged to slow down in order to receive the ball, to let a runner in ahead of him, or to get by an opponent). No runner is so invincible in all his play as he who rushes with all his strength ; who shows by his every movement the determination and power with which he is charged ; who inspires in his opponents a hesitancy and dread of tackling him ; who never gives up when tackled but keeps struggling on, twisting, 66 squirming, and wriggling himself out of the grasp of one after another until he can no longer advance. Such a man is worth a dozen who hesitate. The dashing runner is the one who usually makes the advances. If he goes through an opening he goes through on a jump. Such a man, when checked, will keep his feet and legs going like a treadmill and will bore his way through in spite of resistance. This sort of pushing accomplishes wonders. For effective applica- tion of power it is worth vastly more than the same amount of force applied slowly, for the attack is sudden and continuous. Its effectiveness, however, is altogether dependent on the head being well bent over, so that the whole weight and impetus of the body is forward, for the legs are then in a position tc exert the greatest power. Another reason for running into the line well bent over, is that it is much more difficult to tackle a runner when in that attitude. It is impossible to get under a short man in order to make a low tackle when he is com- ing straight toward one, and the result is that the tackier receives the runner's head in his stomach, or if he be good in the use of his arm, he will very likely have a hand thrust into his face or against his chest. At such times, the runner is very often able to slip past. Again, running with the head down enables the runner always to fall forward when tackled. This usually means a further gain of two or three yards. In running low care should always be taken not to lose the balance. After considerable practice the balance can be very well kept when running much bent over and still great speed be maintained. As soon as the line is cleared and there are no opponents very near, the runner should assume a more upright position so that he can run at his utmost speed, lowering his head whenever he thinks best. 67 In making the end plays, the runner need not put his head down except, perhaps, when it is necessary to duck under a tackier. He must now put on speed up to the full limit of the interferers, following them very closely, now using this one and now that, according as the danger shifts. He must constantly be on the alert for changing his position to take advantage of every little help, or to prevent being pocketed, at the same time being ready to break away from his interferers if he sees he can gain more by so doing. In general, the runner should keep behind his helpers until the last, but now and then an opportunity comes which he ought to accept. The light-footed, agile man who can keep his balance well is physically best capacitated for running behind in- terferers. To do it well the runner should be able to change his stride to meet the emergencies which arise in passing from one iaterferer to another, or in following very close when a long stride would cause him to stumble over his interferers. Another requirement which the backs, or at least one of them, presumably the full-back, should have, is the ability to kick. It would be well if all three possessed this ability, for there are times, now and then, when conster- nation could be brought to the opponents by the half-back returning a kick. But this could happen only occasionally, and it is much more important that the half-backs be especially strong in running with the ball, for that will be their main work. The full-back however, should be a skillful kicker both in punting and drop-kicking. It requires long practice to punt well. The oval shape of the ball precludes simply tossing or dropping it from the hands and then kicking it, to get the best results. The mechanical construction and adjustment of the 68 muscles of the leg and body in their relation to kicking require careful study. Long practice is necessary to be able to regulate the power, and at the same time deter- mine the angle and direction which the ball shall take. All the practice which the full-back can get to acquire skill in punting will be well repaid, for it will make him of inestimable value to his eleven. Where the full-back does not know how to punt, the following directions will be found helpful : Hold the bal' between the hands, the ends pointing to and from the body, lacings up. Extend the arms horizontally in front and bend forward with the body until the ball is held just below the level of the waist. Take a short step forward with the foot not used in kicking, and at the same time drop the ball from the hands, and bring the kicking leg quickly forward to meet the falling ball about knee high. Do not try to kick hard at first. Attend simply to drop- ping (not tossing) the ball without changing the relative position of the> axis. This must be closely regarded or there will never be any certainty as to where the ball will go. The first point noticed by a novice will be that the ball reaches the ground before his foot meets it. This shows that the foot was not started forward soon enough. One way to obviate that difficulty is to drop the ball from a higher point ; but the best point has already been selected and the tardy member must be trained to be on time. It will also be noticed that sometimes the ball will meet the leg above the ankle. The aim should be to have the ball fit into the concave of the extended foot, and it will probably be necessary to give the ball a slight toss forward in order to make the kick powerfully. Care should be taken when doing this that the ball is not turned, or tossed so far that power is lost. In practicing 6 9 in this way it will at first be noticed that the whole force of the blow will be given by using the leg from the knee down. This, one can readily see, would weaken the blow because the leverage is short and the muscles which extend the lower leg not especially powerful, and at the same time it is very trying to the knee joint. The most powerfn kick would be one which had the leverage of the full length of the leg, thus bringing into play the strong abdominal muscles to add speed and power. In making .this kick, the leg should be extended at full length (with toes pointed) and should swing on the hips as an axis. After the forward kick has been learned so that it can be well executed, the side kick may be at- tempted. In this case the ball is dropped a little to the outside. The great advantage in the side kick is, that if not too much on one side, a very considerable increase in power can be gained, because a longer swing can be given to tbe leg, and because the swing is further as : sisted by some additional muscles which give increased power. Another advantage is that the full-back can take a step to the side and kick around an opponent. In practicing, do not keep the leg rigid through all the swing. The muscles must be sufficiently lax to make the swing easy, the rigid contraction coming just before the foot reaches the ball. The angle at which the ball is kicked can be regulated by elevating or lowering the point of the ball farthest away from the body, or by dropping the ball in such a way that the position of the foot in the arc described by it shall regulate the direction which the ball shall take. If the kicker wishes to make a high kick, he drops the ball so that the foot reaches it when knee high or above, and when he wishes to make a low kick he allows the ball 7 o to get closer to the ground before his foot meets it. By trial, it will be found that a point varying from about six inches above to six inches below the height of the knee is the place of greatest convenience and power. After punting and drop kicking has once been learned, the whole practice should be centered on kicking quickly. The ball should be caught, adjusted, dropped, and kicked just as quickly as possible. In practicing this, it will be found expedient to have several balls for the quarter- back to pass. After practicing for a few weeks in this way the full-back will find that he can stand considerably nearer the rush line and still avoid having the ball blocked. The drop kick is made by dropping the ball on one of the small ends and kicking it with the toe at the instant it rises from the ground. Some kickers prefer to have the ball lean toward them at a slight angle as it strikes, others to have the ball lean slightly toward the goal, and still others drop it with the long axis vertical. The latter style is most commonly used. Practice in all these will deter- mine in which position the foot meets the ball most nat- urally. The ball should be kicked with a free and easy, though quick, swing of the leg. If close under the goal the kick may be made more quickly with a short half swing, whereas in punting the leg is swung from the hip and the large abdominal muscles of the body brought strongly into play. In drop kicking very accurate, rapid, and effective work can be accomplished when the swing is made almost altogether from the knee joint with only a slight swing from the hip. Beginners frequently make a great mis- take in drawing the foot far back in preparation for a long drop kick. By extending the leg below the knee quickly and suddenly, so that the point of the toe will meet the ball at the instant it rises from the ground, great distance can be attained with little apparent outlay of force. It requires a great deal of practice to be quick and ac- curate at the same time. The full back should place himself a little farther from his rush line in attempting the drop kick than in punting, because the ball starts lower and it is not so easy to control the angle it takes. In trying for a goal from a place kick the ball should be brought out to a spot from which the angle to the goal and the distance from it are most favorable for the trial. If the touchdown is made directly behind the goal, or near it, the ball should not be carried far out into the field. A point should be selected where there will be no danger of the opposing rushers stopping the ball and from which it will be easy to kick the goal. Some men prefer to make the trial from a point not more than ten yards away, while others carry the ball out fifteen or twenty yards. The former, always make a quick half swing of the leg in kicking, lifting upward with the foot as they kick; the lat- ter usually kick with the leg swinging full and free from the hip. The ball should be held between the outstretched hands of the quarter-back or some other player as he lies ex- tended flat upon his stomach. The best way of holding the ball is to place the fingers of one hand behind it about three inches from the lower end, the fingers of the other hand being placed at a corresponding point at the top and slightly in front of the ball. The ball should be held in firm but easy balance, and the fingers should be so placed that it will be easy to turn it and least interfere with it when placing it down for a kick. Great care must be given to holding the ball steady. When the spot has been selected from which the trial 7 2 is to oe made, and the player who is to noli the ball has prostrated himself in firm balance on the ground, at right angles to the line of direction, and on the right or left side of the kicker, according to the foot which he is to use, the ball being properly held between the fingers with the elbows resting on the ground, the kicker must proceed to sight the ball. He first asks the holder to turn the lacing of the ball toward him; next he tells him how he wishes the ball to point and at what angle, if any, using such ex- pressions as "head forward" and "head up," meaning that the ball is to be tipped away from the kicker in the first instance and held vertically in the second. Other ex- pressions like "head out" and " head in " indicate that the point of the ball is to be moved in or out in reference to the player holding it. The sighting of the ball toward the goal can be done best by using the lacings as a guide, the holder being di- rected to twist the ball out or in , in reference to himself, by the expressions "lacings out," "lacings in." When the ball has been well aimed and everything is ready the kicker should tell the holder to " touch it down," at the same time moving forward to kick. In touching the ball down the holder must be very careful not to change the position. As the ball touches the ground the lower hand is removed in order not to interfere with its course. It is well to remove beforehand all pebbles or tufts of grass at the spot selected for placing the ball down, for a slight unevenness is often sufficient to prevent a goal. The kicker should keep his eye on some point on the ball as he steps forward and aim to kick it in that spot. Practice beforehand will determine the best place to give the impetus. When the ball is vertical this spot will be found by trial to be very near the ground ; when 73 the ball leans toward the kicker the best point for the kick is just below the lacing. The height of the point above the ground is nearly the same in both cases, but the point on the ball changes as the ball leans. If there is a wind blowing the kicker must take into consideration its force and direction in pointing the ball. In catching kicked balls and long passes, it is usually better to catch them with the arms. Every effort should be made to take the ball when about waist high, for at that point the arms can be better adjusted to it. The body also, here much softer, can at this part be drawn in to form a sort of pocket, as it were, for the ball. Care must be taken not to have the ball strike high up on the chest, for it is then difficult to shape the arms well to re- ceive it and the ball rebounds much quicker from its firm walls. There are two ways of catching with the arms. In one, the arms work in conjunction with the body, the latter being used to stop the ball while the arms close around it. In this style, one hand and forearm should be held lower than the point of contact with the body, while the other hand and forearm should be held above that point. The arms should be bent and should not usually be extended far from the body. In the other case, the ball is caught entirely with the arms and hands. This can be done only when it is kicked well into the air. The arms are held parallel in front of the body about six inches apart, being half bent at the elbows and wrists. The in- stant the ball strikes, the hands are curled forward over it. The fault of catching in this way usually lies in the catcher failing to bring his elbows near enough together and so leaving a space for the ball to go through. 74 In nearly all plays the backs, from the nature of their duties, are among the first men to start. Their position behind the line renders their every motion conspicuous, and the watchful rushers upon the opposing team will be upon the constant lookout for some movement, glance, or position of the body that betrays the direction of the play which is about to be executed. On this account the backs should take the greatest precaution to conceal their intentions. It is of assistance sometimes in deceiving the opponents to assume a position as if being about to go in one direction when an entirely different move is in- tended, but if this is practiced too frequently it will de- feat its own end. EXPLANATION OF THE DIAGRAMS. Before passing on to consider the following plays, a few words of explanation will be necessary. The side of attack in every instance, when in their regular positions, will be represented by the solid dots ( ), and the side acting on the defensive by rings (O O O). When it is desired to represent a player in a position other than that which he originally occupies the figures O O O will be used. The broken line ( ) will represent the course of the ball in the pass and the direction taken by the runner who receives it. A simple dotted line ( ) will be used to in- dicate that a player is to follow the runner with the ball, while the solid line ( ) indicates that the man shall pass in front to act as a line-breaker or interferer. The arrows indicate the direction which the players shall take. The men represented by the letters given in the diagrams are as follows : c, indicates the center ; Q B, the quarter-back; R H, LH, RE, and L E, the right and left half-backs and right and left ends respectively ; the right and left tackles are indicated by R T and L T ; while F-B represents the full-back. It must be distinctly understood that the drawings are in a measure diagramatical and do not in all in- stances represent accurately the relative distance be- tween the players. For example : in the diagramatical representation, wide spaces are left between the individual men in the rush line, while as a matter of fact, when the game is in progress, the rushers stand so closely together that they can easily touch one another and are frequently placed shoulder to shoulder. This manner of representation has (75) 76 been decided upon as conducive to greater clearness in showing the relative positions and directions where a number of men are obliged to pass through one opening, and in case the beginner is misled by this in any way, his error will be readily corrected by careful study in other parts of the book. In arranging the positions of the side acting upon the defensive, the quarter-back has been placed immediately behind one of the tackles while a half-back has been brought forward and stationed behind the other tackle. The abilities of the two half-backs should determine which position they shall occupy ; the points to be con- sidered being the ability to catch the ball when it is kicked, and the qualification for meeting the heavy tack- ling in the line. Sometimes it is preferable upon the third down, or when the ball is to be kicked, that the half-back stationed behind the tackle should immediately return to his proper position. At all other times the quarter-back and half-back usually remain directly behind their respective tackles as indicated, after the ball is snapped, until it be- comes clearly apparent through which one of the openings the opposing side is to make their attack, and then to spring forward directly into this breach and meet the on- coming runner in the line. This is considered a safer and more powerful defense than to have either one of these men attempt to break through, in the hope of meeting the runner behind his own line before he reaches the opening, and is the method adopted by the leading college football teams in the country. When opposed to a team using the running game almost altogether, both half-backs may be sent for- ward to support the line, the full-back alone remaining well behind the line for safety. 77 It will be noticed that the ends upon the side acting on the offense are placed near the tackles and are drawn slightly back from the line. We believe that the ends are in the strongest possible position for an attack in any direction when they stand about a yard and a half from the tackles, and about a yard back from the line. From this position they are of equal value in blocking, should the play be made around their end, while in plays through the center and around the opposite end, their position back from the line enables them to get into the play with far greater rapidity, and wellnigh doubles their efficiency. From a position in the line the running of the end, with the ball, which may be made a power- ful play, would be extremely difficult. Nearly every diagram represents two plays or more, and it should be borne in mind that, whereas in the diagram a play may be represented as made to the left, the same play may also be made to the right, and vice versa. In representing the arrangement of the men in the wedges and in the opening plays from the center of the field, the formation is given which in the majority of cases would seem to be most advantageous. But this arrangement need not be considered fixed and may be changed at the discretion of the captain. For special reason, too, it may in some instances seem best to alter the arrangement of the interference so that the positions of the preceding and following runners shall be interchanged. When there is sufficient reason for doing so, there should be no hesitation in making the alteration. When nothing is said as to duties of a player in the description of the diagrams, it will be understood that the player blocks his man. o o\o : \ 79 JS A C fll 3 . -c c 3 <^- ^ rt 0' S 55 S "g XI D C Co ;i; O >. . 8 -d d C fe O TJ 6 I o o 81 same T j 2 05 1| U O ID en en SH C * IH fl a O fj S S ^t ^ ^ Sn *" c OCCU c ^ O^ o ^ en ^ . * -i *-" G O _G 9, ."5 1 _a> _^ -d -g O ^3 i o U-| X S S J-> rt . ^ ex ex ^2 So X E aj r ~ D o 2 j!^ 0) ^ 5 S **5 ^ p t CD D G " u a3 -d *d o 1 C ctf ^ O jd ^ fl) 5 U H |^ d *-H Vi 0) .-! rG G ^ 3 aj g $! ~ o ^ "tf '" O 2 D -a G 03 09 ~r o IT. ^ ^ -M > t-, - rS 1 o " ^H ij o3 '35 o -*- ci u 2. Half-back be a u ,8 i-i c % o EH d -' ft C et O The instant the ball receives the ball at abou i s O -T ^ 4) ^ *J 5 S ^ 0, ^ U S -^ 4 o M O -J 03 LT lifts his man bac right the moment the bal LE, RT, and RE also st first man behind the oppo LH from outside of LT bef indicated in the diagram, S d 2 S "3 tC u w G 55 o a _G "j ~ his particular man. * It will be a great advant to have the other to use in wa O! o: ;0 83 . runner's ver used. *o Q o7 H ** ,_r ;j a; .. d m a> c 0) o o O 1 "ii fl f eve A O S y *" ^ a g D O ^3 T;) [^ OS C/3 ^>* A "vT aT rt tf. -e o r o W !S G 0) ex, o o 0) 1 opening j .G' 3 u g S IE "7. s G o 3 r opponer liagram, t *> the line ; f the game, but is now i o o a; 0) S, r^ d j 'S *" i __.. +* 3 TJ C D G 01 id "3 i fl rt J G rt I l.s 1 0) C < a & G -> f o G G oS 0) 1 g > rt as "*"* aj . ^ rt -S "oS rt *c ^ OJ .c ^ S . ^ deavors 11 aj 11 a 3 S tage of t make th C i-! 73 4s "5 S d 0) 01 O OJ TJ d cj -5 f Q d C Trt 5 V 0) a "^ rt rt S ^ !> P* > =. - oj g< 4) w o "flj H g rt c I-I T; o :S G 4) fi (J rt S ffi *^ To send ui between i g >> ai p t ^ .S G 4) U< IH ft - I 5 eiving the ball at x on with his head down. 1 rt rt a '3 1 is blocked. LT makes a supreme e ectly for the opposing er -*-* a2 ^ O "^ _ en O ^ ^ 'C - 'O ^ '?- .C 0) d a V ^ If-back around 1 -' a e ^: > ,-) <4-l O .1 H, M O X 0) tention. u start forward at u d o I/I E "3 ,0 s -d pa :_ oJ 1J i- 3 o is opponent, and eni 8 fe o a-2 ft " x .a tr. 1^ I e C ^ S g 3 E ^ l y ,=, 3 ^ f M-l .s- O 0) _c % ,c E K -r c ,n '-!, C y 1 'IT. IH j *^ O w '^ t *- 1 TJ S|a o , cl & C8 . 5 " ^ 9 f (5 |H ^j . *^ 0> l-l r ^ ., , *_ tn" O r- u cd K -- ^ 1 = 2 3 - bo ? Cj rr O 10 0) ft O f 2 1 Sf 31 -^ to 0) w H I>J j^ 4) ^H JO "^ ft ' a CN ^* rt 0) C >-> j>, IL- -55 B bog .a 3 g ^, en 3 ^ -d o 5S ^ 1 *-i d o b V-, d tn "rt ^ 5 "5 rt .| _j -*-* 'S id 5 & (li p> t o "S ^_, c*\ O "W V? > (U X rt t/1 r! pC d) 'C K *^ b/) Half-back between guard an o send LH between RG and c, the ends yard and a half outside of the tackl( yards directly behind the guards, RH itands between three and four yards b he instant the ball is snapped FB, LH, en RG and c ; RG lifts his man back M G 'S 1 o> 4 0) 6 _0 B dashes straight into this space, pas ig, and jumps into the first man in his H receives the ball from QB'S hands as ] es into the opening directly behind FB :d at his stomach with 0A# hands.* tj D 6 gl U Is rt ft = In T, simply forcing his opponent to pass d the instant the ball is in play, to ar xeeds in getting through the line. It and make it his especial duty to take jD M "8 z a << - ~ 9) i3 C 43 5 a! f-, OJ CU O T3 O cT o t c "ci p U3 S rt ^ A ^ ^ ^ % ii 'S '3: (D g cS I * S with RH ahead oi LH, to break the g from behind. (4 *O 1 . o 8 a 3 a 5 be n a> d d 2 ^^ "cS 42 0) 43 53 'o D O i-. IT) o i o C8 -M vV t/1 opening id pushin :k between the guai 4> (K S 3 O m u 4) ,5 rt "3 & a _2 0) o * < M "? "5 "So O 'J5 c w LH follows immediately i, the ball held as before. J his position the moment 1 2 jd eS C J i' o 1 o -4J f LT is the same as in diag is own man and endeavor may be sent through the re, instead of following ai ion of positions of diagram 5. ion in diagram 5. W rt J3 H) Tl tt) 2 S S,a w O ? i 'xi 't/: s! 03 ^ 'O ~ o tn 0) rt ; a H aT 43 fr$ a 3 3 l 5 % 13 3| C8 n | 0) ** 43 W H rt 11 4) m j) K i) cfi cn * -t- O 1 a VI 11 !i 09 .2 9 1 IS "53 1 72 0) 'C T C ^ a 5* IBS a 1 o interfere 4-< t/> O -l-> 3 4-1 c3 he outside 14 .S 8 a head of LH 4) a o 5 v 4-> *W O -/. fl is. <-) (D TJ c 13 15 a 4J Oj t3 0) ti d forces hi f. K 9 O -u Hs 5 rC (H S G 3 t-, "o G r^ 4) O ^- jd c a ^ 5 $ d M cfl -^ M V 3 ^3 O | o a 4) .c | 2 3 1 Cj S ^ _2 2 IH a! -i-> bO G .S bC "- 1 G C >-. 0) ^ 5 c 4> I o 2 | 'S .S "o bO 'S -x S o 1 - _S 3 E; *0 ^ ^ x o s o ts ^j w 4*3 o (D c rf ** c rt ^ o D l-i 1 P3 O 1 TJ d ^j *5 O S S 8 d 4J 3 u ctf 4- 4> M M _C C 5 in tn Id >i _2 H 04 " sill ^sg- 2 "o o > interfere d ^ T-* PH "^ *-* u> O rn ^ C -- H T3 H 5 d pj 05 o * -^ PH S 4> $ .S rt fli rQ ^ 'S (U J3 J! u rt between RT 05 5 09 M opening to th 1 aT D g "3 a> tn CO 3 d et j iHl flit l3| the opposing re must be ta *S o X To send I.H * oS D bo 2 tant the ball 0) *J - 2 a i a S bo G 1 cS P. . % '' LH. LH receive ^J RH and FB to QB should, LE follows LT, going 1 jj CJ 1 U ^ H 3g 1"* to diminish ' -p 2 1 o /. _s n S * 1 e8 . 14 -* I '*S rt O 3 -5 o o riB.ill|3i^iI ffilPl^ilifil; o<^''^ic-SP(D f -fe"> IS V. r ^ tO SIJ.SPS g . a^TSfi-SSa o s .s- 2 1a^ &S 5 ^-S O ~ S 0) w *^ .<~! -B g bo G e S ^~* *^ J: Is c '5 -3 s rj '55 0) u 0) 6 *! a t> _-r "^ c c d a, o ? .fa * be dj .s -s bO C a c o cS ~ > 'J2 09 o ^ 0) in O +! 'S5 o cu d c cS S ~" - "G H* ^ 1 "o Is -^ * 2 J3 ex, ^ c G .g s J-l O CO *3 S u c ^ S .-C "3 G TJ U} !>> .0 "" - o k c d 1 M 1 d S f> 5 M - c ^ r o H bO ' ^ c8 ^" 1 "G ^ O J^ S G M |H | .c be J 5 {A _=' S o> & bC IS ^ 2 !^ 3 2 ? o rt .S -M ^ G O CS - 0) a li _Jj 2-S CO r3 ^ CO O .2 g 5 c ^ cS o ^1 -M *"* J-2 rG (11 2 be - rt S -*. 0) , "ij c ^ 1 1 'G .,2 be c ^ O o> -2 ty ^2 >, xlS cS bfl S P 2 g ^2 IP *, ^ 'C J* rj if J u .a ? .S o 5 'I* 3 g s "S u O u fa c . "i ^r 4) tn 'c -d HH 5 'C w o H (LI S 'd ^ XI _o -5 IS 1 cS c . *- u: o D >5 * 5j n '^; 'C ' cS t-( "^ T3 <> O ^ 'S ^ 1 (B i o t^* w" to i-J 0> p^ o 1^ li ^ ^ 0) 4) 0) 1) co co r-j 0) cu >L 2 d. ex t3 S OJ ^ ; bO 0> a c si to o S: cS .5 cS -<-) O'-O 97 JU (J H I H *. 1 "E, -u a cu - *J d G 3 t "c 8 :tra man behind th ishes into the open- _c bt> 'S 1 a d) O prevents the oppos the preceding dia- 03 M S 4) *^j O ^ 4) d x> jjj d _G o G d Q -M 1 S O 1 d rt S ^ 2 S 2 3 'S a o OJ *0 X Efl 4) y. 15 V. 1 to a p ^1 2 3 ^3 H a cj "w ~ T3 o c a a 4> a 5 c OS 1 Is 1 V *d d c 3 o | g 0" O 1 1 23 c a) 1 +j c S 2 8 ^ bo a | .0 T3 >> 1 .9 1 g y | 4> i 1 "2 ^ S .2 . 3 lu BJ 1 o | 0) " d d o ,a -d |1 AH ,-i ii s 4) a d S M "~ .r J. 4) .S 01 rt jn JM T Z~ ^ 5 "2 << ^ f 1 I 'It 32 rikes th d 3 Efl n tc 2 bo a g iagram 5 m 9. d M S 4) d c p jd i 3 M M d n I -f. ^ OJ H X receives the ectly behind , QB, and RE M i) IS h 4> 5 ai p o c i , without ho description, d NOTE, diagra O 3 ;y. JS < ^J a *d ^ "o K d c 4) 5 "S" v o 02 Cfl *^* S * - 2 t4 .^C ^J bo r- ~ 1 CVj rt J hJ v! 3 5 . So 0-2 99 -o c OJ o C rt 3 rt -*j there is no change in the position taken rd in the lines indicated the instant the 4) T3 41 5 1 C ^ " a; i 1 c 3 B ' " S 3 3 4J J -^ o -M S B 3 "S W _c 4> .a f. 3 6 IS 0) o 4> E o Q "S bo peed, seek to protect and assist him. g tackle 0f and in toward the center, d in the arm away from approaching 0) o s 5 S o -j diagram 8 and NOTE. jack between s I 1 -2 2 1 J -c s % fe G ^ 4) S I 2 13 to force the opposm .d always be carrie 1 'rt *j 9 09 i- | 5 js ^ ^ D , . 3 ^ *- 5 U, M M I 1 JH X g ^< S a ^ 2* 81 i & o ^ 5 ? J -S 5 e- w v> > force him c^// ves the ball al head well up. in close behin RE, running b s as before.f ts every powei The ball sho- "d "c 3 S 3 X tfl B iption of diagra "^ ^ ^ & 1 a c ^5 a, *J rt '" B 4) ^ ^ J3 u 4> a J'S -J W3 I s s > a 2^ f M r^-t 4-> *j ;- g S -co* 4) rference rrj >1 os "Ei a H C^ P^ i-, X M 4* H p- O J 5? 5 j cr 2 X See descr ^""1 T3 fl_) _o 1-^ E CD * ?T^ rt 3 & a lJ ^J ^ ^ O 4) WJ .S ci fl o 101 G D 4-> o G 3 O :re is no change in the position of the men. the same way as shown in the preceding H endeavors to force the opposing end peed and rounds the end outside of him. es may arise which offer an advantage in than that called for by the signal. While nal, for the interferers are working with ure long gains for his side by judiciously outside of tackle as before. (See diagram und the end is shown in diagram 63. u, rt V a 0) 4- a: o o U 1 g I 3 rt ^ 0) dentica x ; J "P o C e "2 d ircumst c 1 | er may o c i-B runs 1^ . 4 x o o b ^ \ g ** O - 3 5 a ^ 1, d S 1 45 c 1 0>, 1 1 3 ^ ^ pq 4) p , 4J ^3 c d 1^1 fa .^ C 'f. ^~| o r~ 2 N 1 .2 .3 _0 ^ o .2 3 cT X 4) n di !S d ^l "7. ^ rt' 5 ^ "S p c o 4-> oS ^0 to i-H U <-4 4) 6 S X -M CJ J ^ ^ <* .^ a to >, o] 4) nd 'to O 1 -x 1 X c 1 $H O "o d c "p. X 0) 1 r-l 1U * ^ 1-1 o ^ 3 d ^ < to 4) fl IS tf! , g c rt ** ^v O e s i i 1 5 O _y M 08 .2 4-> b/ .2 '3 i '-5 1 X 03 rt 6 1. -o 0^0 0^0 103 d Ut he preceding 0) 1 -d LH follows H is followed LH and between - .S d o ^- H d G 03 J2 2 o> B 5 -d 1 d 6 cd ** .0 i u *^ ^ "a. ^ ^ _G 'i 3 M G 'i s-l 1 tn 15 o & ^ bfi eives | G U rt w W * :n 3 0> _G 0) o 'd g 5 . o S o ^s O 4-> S tn o +* %> E >, s <-! H . J3 'w O a a. o a c nJ "c V 4; c, the positions are the sa ie three backs and the enc ndicated. //, while KG endeavors to i pening abreast, and close veight j ^ strikes the lii> d OS d O oS CD "5 as far as possible, strike 1 X! d ^j3 "" *-$ o ** S W J. rl 33 K^ t"~> 4J C V s o d O, tn 0) D .S 5 tn * . " G S jj ** -1 if a 1 a> ^ 4-> -d be G ' * 2 II ^ "S _G H d (D "3 0) tn d> & -d s O O 4-1 c< g M O ^ G x tJ Q "*" - (_, ^^ rH en * -^ bo & _ 43 at G tn Co t/1 ol G 'r3. ^ ^H *d fO M tn .S D 'G ^ -d ^ K e <" ^"^ n* ^O tl 5 g U 4) > (I) "5 w 0) S i V d 01 o *. i _ S * ^> S H S -d '^ a s 0) ,G 3 | fa | O 9 ii -s^ 1 S 8 W ^c cfl * 1 o 5 .Q ^ ^ & js j; ^ 5 >2 i. 10 5 it! jS B ^5 J3 t -*- 1 xV. ' "^ cc o .2- 1 -g S ,2 bfl .S ^ c cj 09 4-) -H rt 3 bo x .5 o M -Si aS p ^^ C> J > o> fi -w bo _C '^i ^^ T5 "3 ^ 8> o _2 2 15 o 3 j| o 2 o i bO 0) p bb ^1 T3 S V 4J i "S5 "S ^3 m as 5 ^ "5 1 S o '8 o C 0* c4 O ^ 3 - 1 - 1 ea o - 0) 'Jo o . o *o" .-, t ^ ffi ^: c* 0) rj o o. o c k* ^ l-s 1 S O > 8 3 ^ O X a j\ I- a [f ^ S ^ ,d C ci A 5 a ^ 0) 0) fo d S (H r. i ,3 d 0> u 5 0) O J t/3 ri r! C- 4-> 14- End between ^ 5 o V ? M d X o The instant the ball is snapped :n RG and RT. RG lifts his man ^O 4 p o ,g "o c sj ^ .^ k -/ cu g. 6 [I ( K| ^ O Cu r^ is 51 ^ IS JS M o 3 g 0) S ^ D ^<-i .H 1 2 E "x 0) CD 5 S 5' '7: a a o ugh the center of the opening i LE receives the ball at x on a directly behind LH. LT plays as shown in diagram After making the pass the best prevent the opposing guard or trikes the line. "S 0> a - aj K B 4J W) l -S tu t; ^ CJ CTj r* -^ M 13 & g w o d H O ci! O o o O tr. - (D p O B .g ?3 S s* 107 ^ i C *- c G * h 5 ~4j *^ | m S c u O v}- o o 3 T3 |U J I "5 fc .2 d tn G i " Q^ I w 8 2 3 ^r d bO 5 "S u I 1/3 3, -M 1 3 G ^ rt 4J (G 1. 4) tn G w ^ ,_^ 0) ** T3 i 1 O 1 O 0> 12 o flj 4) id c """ rG 0) _2 "^ 0) aj o .c " t: p - G ^ * CU m .fa -G XI S $ tl O O. 4-1 8 c be *3 3 O 4-^ g G S 1 Cj yi 0. V c 1 a; TJ C in M H ^ a a D I 'o H 1 4j a O teen. RE plays as shown in diagram eight. RH plays as LH in diagram eleven. FB plays as shown in diagram seven. QB plays as shown in diagram eight. LH proceeds in the line indicated, at utm ing side as he rounds the tackle and con ; either the opposing LG or I.T breaks-thro irevent LE from being stopped before he r LT. leavinjr the line as shown in diagrai a c B a 5' PI 4) 4> RT plays as shown in diagram eight. LE receives the ball at x from QB, and, p field in the line indicated at utmost speed NOTE. The end must be careful to run opposing rushers as they break through. * See NOTE, diagram seven. 2 c/) t/5 \-L* 'Z* 0) (U 1 8,8 1 o ; 0^0 < -d c cS oj H t-l 4> 3 In ~ S-a-g II a s o ^ "S *o i * o ^ t> rr* %>2 g B "5 a. ^2^ S ^3 ^ '^'E J3 o o a< C C T3 ^">,S a! 13 ~H ^1 s ^s t" T; S^ tn o IS &* . I*H fn >2 ^3 '25 .5P- "s " r O IH I I 'S 0) _ 5 -S - c 3 "1 2 2 g^g S S ^ -4- f-H fli r 1 V uS O -fi|3 ^ < i^ 3 o E =5 oi o :o O III opposite guard. position. o 1 a 4) 4-> Ul - 0) ed o 5 3 fco-d '> ^ '5 ? o * D r-l II J* 0) fl ft - rt & 1 M Cj (U S g> in 7; S *3 ^ c fl > c: 00 | H 4> 4) it assistance, I.E may follow ear and to push him through > ^ "O c rt u > necessat X CD 11 4J 4) O r; - -" Q V /J ^- r3 < g G u eserv 0) tc a> s tn C j 2 a | e8 -z p. l! re 0) ** i M O . a H tfl . J 1 1/5 O 2 bo 4-J C U o d (3 ed u 'C 1 O re S d s ^ o & in _d to O c m >, rt ft ^ B ;= 2-1 S- s-i en u (U .Q 4) a c c pj a5 o tn 3 n s ^j "3 XI 4) rt S in ro JTS 'G.'C >,^2 9^ y *j ^ G ^ JU o ". .S **- "7. ^3 +J t) c T3 02 a >, "5 S ^ ! ' apposing 1 aks away j, turns ir -C O a Q . n 01 d c ^posing R - able to b: lind LT to j > tr. Sr bO 3 2 03 s _j ^ .S sir e 8^ o > V C c t a ID O .C J3 1 rt s-g ^3 cS 2 t-i 0) 1! c S , -i-> -r. *-> g 2 > O 3 u B > .5 _c -4-J *""' 3 a 0) T3 w G 8-1 * 0) "* JJ rt J= O -, m T! d 3 S * _i + J d S -4-J ^ ? *O c rt | r3 K~J *^ "-- fa ? -> cS -J3 te f .;2 w ju * .2 2 C r, W O ^~ *^~^ .^ (_4 b/) i C/J pH G" ^ 3 rt' o ja tn 1 t/3 tn rt f * When RT runs he will carry the ball in the left arm. e farther from the opponents where it will be less lia' a toward the opposing tacklers free for use in warding c t See NOTE, diagram seventeen. o J3 c -S Mf _g rt 5 2 a S o opposite tackle and end. ,H o 5 J S 5 c4 ^ 13 3 3 .S 6 c .52 o !ji CS ,0 c8 ^ ^ n = ^ ta "o3 * u H3 r takes the opposing LT in case he succeeds am seventeen and carrying the ball in his fteen. opposing tackle, if necessary, or follows LT revent him from being tackled from behind 'C 3 (U -x c ; flank of the line, the rushers on that side ake the play successful. When the play is in turn block with their utmost power. _ 0> <^* *T* K C c *j U I " D *O 8 1 TJ 3 rt C 0) . 6 It T3 .2! tiis man and forces him as ; shown in diagram eight ough the line. f d c CO a 9 O iys as does LE in diagram nto the line and blocks th own in diagram seven, close in the rear f of LT to m by interference as he r< all plays around the rig their energy in order to 1 rushers upon that side wi iagram eighteen, iagram seventeen. <> M 'C 1" U3 "> :ra man and RG M U C 2 en *- r. p rt TO -T-l "Pn D< E 6 S.E, a | S J2 ^ A M u goo rQ -T S-l seventeen, ,2 d d CD -2 n 2 U5 a'i o "H >, 5 a G O u as JJ H d CM around the right end, there : 2 n -d 0) o 1 ed p X rt 3 o 8 0) eft exposed, bowls him over, rts with the snapping of the tly outside of him, helping t 3 on ahead of LT to interfere i 0) 5 g g c to 3 shown in diagram nineteen 5 E>. n ^ _g d 1 s to c^ o .E C9 ^ the right end at utmost spec play as shown in diagram ni RG block their men. may be necessary in this pla ne ; otherwise he may follow H " ^-* ' C3 rC CD CO w 05 w *& ^-j > to ^ en ^ +* M 35 i .2r t/i to M tu _o -< c * ' o) "C E tt cp O In ^ > -^ o (H -d rt 1 S :: J^ ^ J5 w ft 2 K '3 ^ c_T K j-_ CO {A o3 CD C ^ ^( , i p cu H 4) O U 2 c/; CD ^ X H m H V a o > e P4 o ^ S ? ^ O) J | "ri J J z ^ 3 CD ;o .o 119 u M C a c aJ a - rt 3 bO '55 o he instant the ball is snapped LG jumps from the opposing guard. He whirls di- e ball from his hands as he passes, plunges ; ball held as shown in diagram one. iS o .S be 'S d> 'S o 3 * i 4) ^ rt . 'i to 1 i^ d S o (0 X as 'rt 5 5 "o ,5 tt u "S y. tpped, dash into the opening ahead of LG, 0. ** ^, C ,-i d) *^fj c C5 J 'r* a c OJ o 3 o rt' rt bfl c I , receiving . RG, with t diagram fi start instai ^ J2 o p ^ H] -d . 'o ^ >, S 1 i/. 7. 2 "rt rfJ o a5 -u X5 a u rt 3 .G between .0 o" ^E 0) A a pivot and, tween c and 1- ^ ^5 TJ 1/2 1 e ~ d a 3 u p c immediatel k their men. "c line before t ; in diagram O M | e ^ >, s 4> g u c rt fe bp jE SH = be z' a "a* K" to ^ 3 ^ C tn 0> O 2 5 M i^ r*5 b ^ ,^ > I T) rjr N i "-Z rt ,3 c w 3 DH i s " 'C O Q "rt d 5 1 H 'rt '-> z tn d o 55 o J= ^ ^ cS dj a ( '^_ rt $ ; M ^5 CJ &, t/J d J ^ *j cu 09 'I *3 o o i! CO u .S D 'C jf en t-i -S 'in oj po . o' o c oc ./ ~ t/1 C C o .a "*"* tn *r^ CH !5 a "*""* **^ ' C) OJ OH 1> bfl 8 ^ g<|j -^ a .s ^ ! js I 5 d g .2 i PL, -S ^ * (5 '5 o TI : SP^ -^ \S (, rj C *J -*-* rt 5 -S > 22. Guard between the opposite guard an To send the LG around between RG and RT, LG breaks away fr ;tant the ball is snapped, as shown in diagram twenty-one, re as before, and dashes into the opening with head down. RG and RT play as shown in diagram six. RH starts forward the instant the ball is snapped and, dashi tween RC; and RT, strikes the opposing LG with his shoulder wi >le force as he passes through, and then proceeds on and takes e line. FB crosses behind RH and rushing into the same opening plui 5 tackle or the man immediately behind him. RK plays as shown in diagram fourteen. QB, LH, and LE follow behind LG and play as shown in diagra: LT plays as in the preceding diagram. NOTE. Rn and FB must see to it that they break through 1 ere blocked so that they fill up the opening through which LG, \ ediately behind, is to pass. o; :0 123 oj 1 3 . c g G C > .t! S w ' o c a ~ o. - 3 B, plays as does LE in diagram fifteen, sid at utmost speed the instant the ball is put ig LE, forces him out or bowls him over, ated, and passing outside of RT interfere by 5 V a> ts c a o i* 11 a-* ^ 2 o *^ *N l| >! [ ^ S 1 s c 0) y y O G o *j *- 43 4J (3 > d p, * J3 s^s rt -0 ^S a '-^ H o> ^^ I! .^ G 1 , diagram se\ CO H) -^ i a ^ o a H IH ~ (5 *g 4-> ;/. tS 4) ^r H ttt -2 5 be .s s |2 ence. follows vertake o -d ee NOTE & >, ,2 ^ U 5 X V> a l IH t W O E- 1 >J bOi-9 OT * K P< 'fl t3 .S j; .G "5 V w 5 0) 125 i 127 129 o c: V 4-1 G '* 11 s s a ^3 " 8 .s tn ving the ball ost speed. 1* -S e tn .S - A P G a) O C nj i s 8 tn IS O M-l 1 3 k "S 3 2 1 o C3 t/5 g .e nj 'O ~^ V-* ^ g 5 ^ C * Cj *Q P-t 6} 3 ^ 8 k"' . ^0 2 fl S O AJ Q 'H o J V S 3 ^ . G ^_) ^Jj Jsd u rt X> 13 J3 OH Oj c3 ftf carrying it a ^ 8 **"* tn G " a I . rr-t g 0. ^3 |_ K 0) e'S S . c sa" "^ e greatest en ;he opposing i helping LH a g 'O tG G^ " tn twenty-five to protect hii ;y. "rt -P 1 iss-crosses with ii ii 1 X* "rt "3 . 0) 5 " 4J H bO ^S 2 .S ill in his position until opposite direction anc ves the ball, FB, LH, Q , dart for the left end, .ock their men with th rectly for and blocks 1 e direction indicated, down the field. - ! C d ^ ^i S & -M C] fl ? "- 1 C I'i -s ?? tn i> s as does LT in diagra: nmediately behind RH 3 w 0) d p PH ?J' g tn OJ y .a _G G .2 g;ram twenty-five. u, u C U] send the from his 'S rf r-* O in tn 5 | G In o RH recei positions .0 o K) -^ 5 makes di takes th oceeds on a| J3 ^ t^.S tn PH & o vi 3 "73 O Cy <4-i S w H \" D O 0) tj> 5 Jo rt '^ tiT f-i O X o H -a M ** 0) v. 3j tn . O g IH i i rt u I H fl "5. * 'Z c u all de m a >> .Q '3 00 42 u ^ a" 5 "S. fH 21 ^ _g V a a ^3 c8 ^) V o .a -M T3 5 ~ a 0) O tU 0) 3 tn f ^ ^2 0) 5 642 e S -2- a S-a H M S tfl D la > '53 s a ^Q /~i y o> * -M TJ C V c o ives the line as the K M 4) .g :es him in. 0) 0) .8 c3 o O o bd .5 '7. c 1 1 o v Ctf a H *3. o | p rH &i 1 o s O M d c' 3 VH 5 O B twenty- e inside JA U oj 5 1 et W 5 oT -./: o i +j ^ " fa 1 1 bowls hi diagram takes th "(3 c -M 1 5 13 0> ^ .a 8 X! ^ G o .s ot * i jj 3 i (A H o 4-J . 4) ~ cd '5 CO ^ c rj & ^' M | ceives SB M M-l O V, 'A O 1.1 . tt V (O CS) o d G ^ .s 1 G in -j g X K 8 G a 4> o3 f)| P* o Ui U | G g O J 4J 03 > ^ 5 f j O "] (/) .2 t; O 'x n 9 a) 6 s 4-> _G '^ G ^ rt c> - o U o Ui nl O ^ d o 6H . is snapped, as "3 ,0 0> ^ 1 bo G to a exposed. At the momen lines indicated FB runs direct! 0" c 5 ^ t/5 H " 13 06 -z: ^> & N ^ tc S3 35 i g bo fl j_; S-c & X O ^ * % c4 -u <0 1-1 ^ C C y r _c ~a a 1 w '37 ; end in play around the oppo- ss from FB, RE works slightly in and on d, while FB moves a little to the left to 0) '> . 'S X .5? D 1 rt o SJ _g rt -t-> ^ It .2 l igh the line to the left of center, QB y as in diagram twenty-eight. f+ ^^ rt cl) *-* (H w. i c 1) +J o S 5 C ^ P tC _>, "c -a '? >> .S^ ~ % $Z S3 hi s c/; 4) .~ >-, ^ 'S3 CO 0) 13 rt h- 1 'x O C-, o O instant B] rt J? J a 2 -M s ^ ^ 4) fl o ^ ti 1 1 M .s '^ en D CJ ^ C Q jS ^ V, ^ ^ *S .2 r^j "S ^ (A <2 8 rt o 9) Ed _~ 'd t-i . O a s . "1 X' ^ o ^ to r^ H tn C Id O p r 1 p Q H -*-> en O to rt rt r^H Jd u rt 3 b M ai S 4) (0 b EH "rt SB" 1 a> CD rt - en ^ 1 _!-. to c (5 e FB runs close : Upon receiving .eft end at utmc O rt O RT plays as doe LE and LT play LG blocks his m In case anyone ediately blocks _ c rt T^ o "^ "2: g U: CO n U, o ? 5 . 139 T; l t^^ p ? n 3 1 S, 1" -4-J ta ,G a c^ P .bvj be Pi r^ o S 12 .S J5 O u *3 G 'o H) 1 5 c U o G 1' ^ s T; _g 1 b S 43 0) "* a L. oa ^J u t? J3 X <; V G CJ . G S OJ ' r! ^ .2 u > o 1 ** a PS 1 rt 1 i 1 -3 1| 09 ti *O r^-j ,2 ff c C c "^ 2 G < s "o s > o r2 4> _g O 5 S G 3 S rt -Jj S 5 the ball at x on a pass from QB, and running d rushes on into the opposing RE. 4~> -a 'C o 5 ^ c rt 1 | q 1 fe w" w o ic first extra man in the line beyond RT, LH preceding LE, plays as shown in diagram tw the first man through on the right hand side wn in diagram twenty-five, eceiving the ball, starts toward the right at u1 LG. d RT play as shown in diagram twenty-five. M _! I-H 3 to (H 4> D 3 1 o tn O to O IH -s Q W3 '55 o Hi (V &>p4 Q) 6 [fl PQ - CO S OJ ^\ td J r p 12 S bO "a a ? c t 5 141 1 H o * % * o | JS to G rt 3 ^ rt *" 1 1 s a *O G . o 2 8 i ** ? - 2 .t; & * 5 f-i (1 o" . 1 s 3 su rt > ft 8 .3 a to oj TO 11 10 0) .a ^ c a ^a 2 to i ^ 1 s w" ^3 a! ^ ti to O (!) ^_, > a TO O a> fc. i e 2 I .g " P4 M g i ? & G | M 'to fl ! i fes S "^ i twenty-nine.* ps in and takes the opposing tackle as in diagram thirty, indicated as RE receives the ball, and precedes him nt of RG as the latter swings in behind the line. (A m 'i H fl 'C! Oj S i -s a fl cd S S S >. ^ to 03 o "ft 'o g g 2 (0 ^' "ft & cd 9 _c ^ '" o S.S fH ^ c cT bV-s TO 0> ^36 .a .'a _g bO _g 'so to > c o > (0 .52 c ^ X' rH C ^ s 'so Q s t 3 g a I? 2 o +j 8 'C U JU 3 o TO H 5 .bo w d OH J" .2 ^ ^-. aS 13 :=) J2 rt 1 o 5 aJ a o CO 05 1 to >. c8 J3 ^s to ft to H c3 to s as doe eaves tl O TO ^3 g tn i-, ^- to JS -3 d CD *-! T^ S | 3 u* rt h 1 O H q 3 .G W -X V* - to -^ > T3 ^> ^3 c ,2 ft S ft m o PJ fe P^ a "ft S g U to ^ tf < a 0) ts 'ft M W iJ P4 0) .g -d G * See NOT r^j G .j^ Q PO V o 5 ifl a} '43 i a a o *o e 3 2 9 a c . > d (H O ^ o> rt j= *S H a rt '-3 criss-crosses with si E around the left end on 1 is snapped LG breaks aw II S jj 0) ^. J] G jD O "o '-5 tn 55 D O t ft tn ca ftS x" .d ts <5 ~= _G j?' H is shown in diagram twei d KB remain standing in t e ! ^ ra c4 'd S .g >, bo G 1 ft ft C O 6 IH 3 j;, O D U y or continues on around the line as LG reaches RE ler men play as shown in a IN id S O d G u to o 3 ^ ID a . f> -< es the ball RE remair w a a - 0) a tn ^ . s -e a 3 . 2 a|<2 d (0 5 Ei if necessai v. 5 g S ^ "S O ^3 P4 C M ackle criss-crosses with t P*T3 g -0 "3 3 .a 13 a E- g j= T3 w reaches the line RT jumps sudden ^ _c _c >, 1 ^ (fl .c t/; g a ^0 1 cx> O 0) ^3 -M ^bd o ^O 3 a 13 ^5 T3 a as WJ a. g a ^0 H! y: rt o ? _2 bvj c ' 1 ^ O ^ 09 1 1 H M n D cfl 13 3 to X a; -O a :arts back in the opposite directio 3 8 5 1 _g cc u, T5 C cS a" 9 i t3 o- c ^i <0 u I ^ CO .s c a EH a | s a a! round the end of the line. h O "~ o a E* ^ 3 tS r CO T - i a to to i-j ?" ' I ~ > r^ , ^ ^ G s a z >. M a u k Y^ ^ o ^ v ^ 50 ^ ^ j d C - ^ ^^" K^ ^ ^^ /, rH >""^ h-4 rt 0) <*i SA 8 fO r 1 is 3 ! 5 .: ^q < '- 5.5 P " -/. a .2 & 2 < & a o 4-> -a c w 6 o .i rt !3*|g||lg.aSj| , , ^ ^ n ,g rt ^ J -J3 ra c ^d <1J iiriSilBl a&i^s^^fi c 314 ^^!! ISfl-gSjaa a lylllt :>;ua rcj ^ rt W'5-2 lo^cS- "^fl^^ rt TJ"" 0) _2 05 Ss^^'ft! ^ ^ &c M * ^ s a "-^^ s c ll^-aa^ala-s-Slna a o 3 3 o c VH S 85- Si o ^ - 03 rt &|fr ^^SU IS si , uiH^nj^vjP.-ca^^rt -a rt sl ft P I 149 s> C c *d J3 o M C *O ^ Se O 4) Gf g ! 4-1 OS 0) a 11 is snapped, forces him in. leld, as indicated, to ut slackening speed, 3 g c to 1 3 n which case FB will Id to interfere, while (-, d) a r^ i ~" 0) (H t s cfl 0> " a c q > D g H ^3 H ~ y3 J> fli tn 3. c u ni JQ 1 U -l-> B o tn i 5, 2 a c s rt 2 2 9 I tion in the primary arrangement. 11 is snapped, LT leaves the line, recei end, precisely as shown in diagram ni line and takes LT'S man as he leaves hi play as shown in diagram eight. iown in diagram eight. . start for the right end the moment th :>r the opposing LE, and bowls him ove necessary, and then cuts in down t T3 i o ft OS (w "3 .d en C C 2 0) ,C! tf G o 8 SD 8 > cj a g ** ^3 S2 03 a> . -d C3 G 0) J U en II JH ti a < ^ - O J 13 CQ T3 2 ~" b ^ o3 aj > o bfl tn 03 C S o3 2 "^ jj II, .a O .rf en I iiil ^ u> s ^ o ,a o 4-1 +J M 03 Oc I- 1 (-, 'O ^ n-5-2 ^ -^21 G 'j o &i 5 *^ a a a 5 Cj rrt PH 0> ^ Ci. g " . c/l 11 ^ *s a o I a fi- 15 s'1 3- k*- 8 n slight directly oi c3 Q .2 ' -5 > 53 OH a s B S - X d S c - ll 3^2 CO M ^J I ^"Q ^ & 2 e 3 line. 1 the guards, as oj 0) _C tn X i i o 0) +j Q tfl OH Oj % z ackles and ends ccompanied by r. ut across in the mid it be found o "3 0) C 1 0) > > _0 c 4_ "KA t/) 0) ^j C - bo -i > 03 Jji n r~ -H ^ -^ cS 0> i-, % 11 _o , 1 s ay be repeated several times for short gains um side are drawn well in to mass against it, whe S a 3 d z 14 M c _c d I S , V -c c " shown in the diagram; in which case RII and R o block the foremost men among the opponent g backs come up to help block the play FB may 11 down the field. d 2 o ^ I c "3 o i 5 r. r. pa x 0) ^ o 2 S 'i' "Sn 0) 6 there should be a little delay in snapping th .m more time to draw well in behind the center. To send the leir position ja .1 \> o olds himself The remain l c g ll g e instantly. has come ir rf This play m he opposing ng team, as 5 indicated t the opposin ind punt we a c w o ^ tnd the end, opposing tea ij 3 SQ 2 ,G 2 -3 .S a 2 .2 "S '*3 ? c 1 % p* t *^* rt " O fl> *"* *^ C3 4-> to o- 1 88: :o :o ... , 155 , i o J-< t/3 ^ c 5 * J- > ^ -S - PH "5 5 W Q> ^ O -4-> r-! o T3 - C3 C ci 0) * rt +- 1 to block blind to i, whom O o> 1 S 6 '55 2 &< H" ^ c^ ^3 O iJ-a 1 s s 1! VM UJ ci jj" 1 - 1 1 1 ^^ 53 3 ^ 5 O rQ w tu .d ci S p, !-H J 03 g cS -d" 'So Q) "S T3 0) > bO .2 .s G % "~ a! _s J ^ Q 2 "rt o o 4 g 'C 5 1 (U bO 3 o O SCO K f o-^ ^ 2^ Td 1 2 aj 0) -S *^3 r< t/3 3 ? en r-i O f. H~* aS m 1 A3 M W O u C <*-! O D '43 o C rt -2; o M 'O .2 .2 0) .S .. ,13 ,13 3 u 05 >, erf -.S tD d) (/j (ii _a> In bo | ^ ^ (H O oJ t/3 "^ S o 11 0) 1 - 05 4) 0) T3 p II TD o 2 4J a o u cd C g > .S in the line is formed at t :n are closely drawn into I o .5 2 !H '5 05 y 1 nt the ball is snapped QB r , without making the si and stands still in his po D -4-J G s s &i O bO^ ^ g g ? Xi ^ -^ 2 s "^ ^ ?J *3 osition at the same mom A, swinging in a long ci osing team more time to a) d a _0) o tn jj tn rt a S 5 have the ball. When F ted, RE darts out to the r is play can be worked for several downs. d) O< bo g J 0) ^ ^ S D J-? O ->-> a '3 M O"^ _S 0) "5 "55 I-M -j d & lr ? -s 4-* 'r3 ^ > >> s ^"* fn fe *-" CO J c_i ^ H | d u o _| H -| 3 ^ t/3 -< o ja & t* bo */i^ 1 'S CQ /. a r>. ^ ~ c o a ^ "on bo rf __i tn CL j_ i_ 1 i/l the cut k S v. <^ i '3 go o -3 1 .h a _, ci .S s a a i t; ~f p 2 a y a> bo d d 1 5 ^ '-M 5 bfl o ^o a fe D S 14 H d 0) d LJ tfl Revolving wedge from a doi ng wedge through the line the arrangi e same manner as explained in diagrai ay immediately, and the entire wedge isely Compact body. , when the opposing side have massed ward progress is nearly blocked, the O rt m IH V ^ (H C .S ^ .bo "x be c 'p 5 4J C a "o ^ d attempts to revolve around the opposi the opponents are pushing with utmos' 'gin a I line of advance of the wedge, i 3 IH a a a .2 in S with the ball. 6 5 -2 "Sn ^^ Vk en 6 p 1 a r* -> ^ rt -M ^3 bo5 3 to o < &S" ^ a .c |i r2 o e I ,0 O ^3 P f 5 a ? 0) bc,c '5 .2 ^ * ^ 8 * ^ i^ c 2 ? t/2 u "t! ^ Efl 9 s ."tJ u rt p* 09 O PQ O UJ x '59 . CM 3 o* B LI 03^- Sir :o : .oo i6i all I 111^11^ I- Pt "3 S <& -^ T3 v5 KJ g ^ o o> j> Jg ^ c bo bo*- 1 ^ 5 3 c3 ^ G bo - o ftS "^ jS ?J 3 ^ b^x,-, "^ r "" - S ^ ;g .22 J o c 9 o u. rt IH V -M C 0) 4) 43 ^- a 5 % *o a edge around the I.T, a preliminary signal ith the signal which is to indicate the dire in the large cut is instantly made, in pre ceding diagram. ;he wedge should have the appearance cf be the ball comes into his hands QB whirls i ices the ball in the hands of RH. QH tr f to the side and a little behind LH, while P ittaches himself in a like manner on the o Aether in the lines indicated, around LT.* ! idge so formed, while RE runs directly in th they round the tackle. \ LE throws his em s back, and LT forces his man back and to t st take great care not to leave his positiol n. The formation must be somewhat op ; be borne in mind that the representation in the guards are drawn close in by the s r to shoulder with the guards in all plays C5 ", 163 60 a a; -- X! a e o c *a G o u rt 8 nt rt 0) bo o '55 , S oj s -d Oj , d c IS 'JI e cd o fe > Jj 0) < G rt 13 ? OH - O j*T O 1 .2 "^ o- o 4-J O -U C3 ^^ T^ ff C C 4J ' - 0) s O fl *d H tn es C 2 2 g rt GO 3 g .S wj * j > & -H rt ~* 12 S 2 t/1 t/3 rt CO o m d y *" S -S - S t" "- ^ .s rt c 73 "> 'o i- rt S u 0) ti t/3 ~ p n s t3 ^, ^ c .5 c ** K p^-3 S Zt* v < 3 72 0- ^ s PH X .s t/i * . O 'd ^5 c O C ^S r I ram forty-one. <0 4J d O 1 1 z 1 x be eft, accompanied by on, and hold closely 0> 1 d C r-.' D I.S =3 IA i^ V hO o .3 .S *-> bj) *^, "S D o s D 5 "3 0) d 09 "p '3 LE in ca u 3 I> d -t ^i Q) "S -fl r^i , oi ^ s 8 . bfl d b -t-> ft - 1 - 1 2 H bo n & 43 o -9. -f g "rt a rt 1^ rt ft 'S5 o 3 ^ 4-1 a d 3 IH "rt ^f-; 3 ^ ft .S g 3 '? $ o jSj tn '& o a 5 u a c J8 tn 5 _g 3 o <<-! 1 c3 C o G 1 ft p 2 S 3 & ^ i 4-> rt >, 3 & *^ o IB fe ^ J^> g aj "3. j-j .5 the signal the wedge is instantl the ball is snapped FB rushes : ouches down behind c, shielde i tightly massed together. then instantly darts out from 1 1 "o be g 1 2 r * to deceive the other side int e opposing team immediately is being attempted and rush to remains crouched behind c unl a <-> i 2 2 09 B5 <]j , a) t- K d O* o S a u "^ fA &H & T3 1 is o fc 1 A !? X 'iv: S 1 c 89) ^Q ;o i6 7 _fi E* tn S.2* 0> 0> 13 8 -5 - '-^ ) D tn o> O 'S -o g c > *$ bC^ C ^" .H KJ && 3 ^ ^ OS Si s a -! n take the opposing RE if he attempts jnds the backs up into the line to mas; e ball down the field instead of ru ^5 O ' "S S-g 0) c! M 1 -M O M T3 -g 0) "S J3 -^ tn ^ Bj future similar formations it will coi well behind the line as a protection. G ^ 1 | . u/ - -M c = * ti ^ S! e CL, -M w 0) in A 0) "^ H '^ S c^ oS o3 &1 1 "a 1^1 i - 'S g '> ^1 s g 9 A 05 -5 p > tn C oS O ^ u s (H '7. c g-g g 1 1 0- 9 -w" '55 c o g a, S 'C. o ^ 5 a> d "5 S 2 & 'Z^ g-E OS 0) 0) sn in 03 O 0> &^ '" VH tn _, o (Q t! c in o di - -(-> /j j3 Cj S 2 S^< Is S 3 O o! C +< T3 .-I ,2 | - 2 o <^ c g :i tn tn o VM 0) 5 3 13 ^ 'tn bo D .5 S 3 S S <2 o ^ 2 3 O S b* ^ 1 ^ "| s ^ rt S g 0) bO bo's in 5 1 3 5S a t T3 8 5 T3 b= 2o time shouts " &| 1* 3 ' 5 J bo C 8 2 s:s 2 ^ 0) U" bo s T3 rr-j 4> o ^ " t! o c *7 o d NOTE." ] the wedge am QB protecting position from back will serv opposing side 169 g {- a) oj bo "2 ,E3 D IH O c 3 tn cS c D -*-* e o bo _c C rt w 'S ? |c| 1 i IH o tn tn < '^ ** bo ^ c3 * C S j <+1 tfl rt o3 c OJ 5 bo t/) 0) 83 5 l-< O 1 rt 1 _c 3 T! a tn cJ C C -j 0) a o B'-S g EJ *-> si J3 xg 1> o 3 C bfl c 8 3 tn 'tn O bO- bo o tJ S s ^2 U3 S a, V OH OS ^ ^ O a) ... * .S 'o K > ^ 4-J 3 -M as 6 * 3 rt ^ +* g fl 1 4) C Cu <_i 'bo ^ .^o a M "*"" ^ 11 c ^ ** 2 g-s C tfl 0) 0) TJ a o 1 S 1 .2 8? ^ M ,SS r9 1 p *- e4 ,-0 a. | IS 0) Ij rd || .S C *^ c (D OT ^ -4-> u S = o ^ rC * - J-H Q W ,j ^d 7, a ^ o 9 I'a 1 o H! -S u c &^ G jB ,-T rf o c |l 1 al la d 1 .S cL tn 6 0) ^ si '$ ^ osite end. QB makes the pass as shown in c and then instantly turns and precec FB and RE dash toward the right a opposing LE. RG attempts to lift his opponent b; isible. As RE starts forward in the line ini iiagram eight, and preceding RE, di :ceeds in getting around RG, while R 1 1 M 0) .a a tl g.a =3 S S^ 1 3 5 D -1 -d - 1 NOTE. This maneuver will prevei their men from the opposite end to ^ 0> 0> rS.S A 1 3 M* eu o n 1 a - u II ^ Ooo u. J O 171 0) o o c 2 0) >1 ! c endeavors to a !S x is ^ d X 2 Sf 11 C ? led to strike the .selves on either ,g until the man "c CJ "o s _.j 15 "o Q III E< S 1 -. Running mass wedge through the FB through the center on a running mass play di s start forward the instant the ball is snapped. C -^ I ? 1 2 -S |J '-s^ 6 T3 s 8 4) -g 2 U 4-> a A3 ~^ (~* ui rp If -backs. QB throws himself in the rear of FB, and a en I | 3 " to rf u 1 2 '/i point in the play is that all strike the line at as r ind form a tightly massed wedge, which is driven J2 | a -ti " O 0) a) .g bC .2 > 1j 2 tt o -5 CD i _s v" M he rushes forward. The wedge must never cease p is actually downed and absolutely held. t^ * ^ g s g- a 3, a * c^ E c on 5 'C & 9 -" J2 C 2 4> .n ^ M i; a! +j . C > 5 ri Z V. 13 M ^ < -o *n t/3 ^ CA - C/l 4-1 ^ m J2 ^H & 0) S .= IS s O 1 "- d p * . ,0 ^ <+-( ^ O "*""* ~ tn e c 0) 1 2 c o 1 S c^ "o ^ 1 i 0) c u *2 ? 'So o t o u 4-> C u o e rt T> ^ x rt x o ^ ^ "3 |'rt | q .S ^ s 1 " J the line dash straight for nan back and to the left. trikes the opposing c with M s the opposing guard in a J en 'C to 1 tn 9 2 "co ic greatest possible force, he receives the ball at x, h t-. a 1 09 -H a 01 1 C3 fl jt I "3 d> | "o IM d e X e r5 3 bo "S c4 co ~ c - 1 J3 *3 rt W) bo S n ^ ja 1 en en CO en co 11 CO a 2 s ^s s. 1 _fl d" 3 v> C 2 -2 [> *- -4- s ^ s ^ ^ t a ^ I d ^ b c * f -yi _ o ^ ^ d g c a rt w rt . ft 4) Oi T3 TO a) rt C J3 e C/3 -*J G o 83 o 177 o 2 "oJ 43 *O u 43 2 o 1 <*- "5 o a .S | '7. 3 *Z 1 5 -c c 3 o" -s 3 S <0 & o f. y O it has been prearranged that he shall retaining it in his hands, and passes ^ 1 the right end. At the same instant ^ right as one man, and dash into the rt 'a a 13 d c 0) 0) rt ^ >-> o do not betray by their looks, before run is to be made. w E bO .S 'S (U "o "3 S o "S derstood around which e the opposing side whom by kicking it while still play is to be made arouni e diagonally toward the meet midway between t s to interfere for him as must see to it that they e direction in which the i a Ui (14 M 10 ? 1 i a x feet apart. d P ' en 1 "H ^ w 'A < .ayer selects the man on lock. X rt H _c "3 ,3 o 6 0} is ft u ^ Q 1 .S 1-1 o -p ^ 1 ft le entire rush lines mov jposing rushers as they RH and FB precede LI 5T in C NOTE. The rushers te ball is put in play, th< 5a ft.0 .ti ! o z M 181 d V I "ft % u E Jj i) 3 O Cu Sj -4-1 y o rt 1 J3 M i3 h toward the heir distances G C IS n rt .be In bO o t/2 0) 1 rt ft 1 1 "S cd ^ rt SH 1 t: M fe "S *-" 1 2 d of across in *- U o> ^ G ^H >rH ^3 G te rt ? x . o" $ G K '> J l> T3 vances S s rt | rt &-S o T3 ^ 1 a S- rt .G aid inste 5 ^ "^^ C O be 2 G > T3 r-< ^ s *- rt p. 1 1 ^ 1 | -4_> s-s G r3 S ^ 13 rt ^ tt S x~ ^ _o ^ M rt "^ rt i> ^ S rt 'd "rt '7. s 1 y a bO rt -S -^ oj ^ (S v *>,* 1*5 X 2 J^ -s. O 1 > O ,G c C< T^ ^^ t/i rt bO 1 .5 ^ O r O ft'g t/2 -3 a i-H t/5 5 ^3 oa is G * * ^ crj G i rt b 'C O O* P jj ft "*~* j>^ ^ D O. c ^g c _G 13 ._ t- a bo .5 || ^ 1 bo G _rt CO rt - ^1 13 ^ rt p Q " rt 6 "rt ^ u CO a> (0 ft rt -c 4> e 0> (X rt , h -*-> (B S e ' 2 52. Double pa To make the double pass c as indicated, on the center line ten yards between c and QB, ar about three yards behind the li The instant that QB puts 1 center of the field in lines nearl m a "o 0) I] M-l O la _bo 'C 0) ^3 -> 3 C (U . U 3 rG 2 H 1 toward the center to block the LH passes close in front 01 KB, to take it as he rushes by. >, 1 M _C d 0) 5 H O 'd 3 B speed to encircle the opposing 1 NOTE. From this same fo: kick, in which case the rushers the lines indicated in the cut. * See description, diagram fifty- if ^ 3: 183 center with team divided. e diagram, on either side of the field, the ends about five yards from the side lines, icks about three yards, behind the center >ther, in order to render the opposing team the right or left, or to FB for a kick down shown in diagram fifty-one, and makes a t x, following it immediately to make the D fl^ ^ 1 **"* tn s g* 1* * G ^3 _O 13 0) Q, S .S "3 Dy his opponents as the other three men c o S 1 8 1 Every man upon the team rushes to his a signal the ball is immediately snapped the field to RE, who catches the ball upon T3 bo G rt 1 I 1 0) CJ *r^ c$ a > ,c ID <1 w O - ci ^ r^5 Ca (H ss >, ^ .2 G a || 1/3 G 2 8 W ^ H & H O f3 3 'o ^ 0) 3 , w C tH fo S 6 I G '- - Gj a* &< c J 03 *J 3 I o o; 185 2 "3 o 0) o ossible. 6 -y. 9 OH 1 u a OH 43 "rt its formation, and '3; OH a h ^rf a "d tightly with both his entire weight . run in a compact o OH O t/J : ^ Iginated at Princet ,> ^ PI o S OH -*-> & - S u a 4> 1 ^' J o i 1 a a 4) O c T3 ^ ti Oj ^2 rt . -rt ~ 4) H s <* *s . o3 tr. O > 1 ^ 1 J: C o< 3 the entire wedge rushes forwa savors by mere force of weight straight towards the opponent's QB upon receiving the ball pi Is and charges forward with i behind. 1 j-j t "rt ot 4J HH M JE s, preserving the formation. The wedge formation at the center m 'x EH 1 >, d "On w a C 4) Wl JH ll i * s 187 4-t 4) 1> O ,r 4^ ^ *O *V 4) fajQ -fl*C ^ O ^3 flrrfb/) d *g S2. s i"l" 8 H J3 S 3<" M SB* in . J3 |& Ul i = VM g -g ^^^ ^- & a bo ~ r O fe i^ ^ *4-* ^7^ ^fj C 'S ^ .S| JBe5 s l 5 ^! v*\ & s rr-i^ "^-^O 4> t ' 1 'r! T ' y >*> Te * oejc -M fe J-H *V X t-> ** i-t ^ r-* >W ale modification of Princeton we( rs in one very important respect from the pr wedge formation the guards are placed OK ball is put in play, LG and RG spring forwa opposing guard and center midway betwee ir opponents start. ly into his man and attempts to throw him 1 c in the same manner, attempts to throw hit ncing immediately behind is thus saved the s ds under full headway, charge thus at an angle slightly to the rigt c and RG or c and LG, as the case may be. highly desirable that the men without the found more advantageous to place the tack these positions, while the guards are retain > I J |!|Ji!lirpf iA m lb T3 -M ^flS.y^&wWJtuC^bc ^gc^tng-bC.CbOg-^gS ij-tj'-'feCJLi r Ocn r O5r'C4J ^ rf Cui^-j^c^mouO ? fl, -S-ScgBa^^^Sw--^ 3 5 l^'^S'^bO^o'^'SH^- 3 ^ :>> r- 1 -rl rt 2* S w _S O 00 fc __^ *^^ fl\ ' L. ' ^ *- fl-i *+ ^f. V *M ^. H bo ^H Sj-^J-^e'^e n^^-S-^ Q D T3C OJ *J -rt "S> C 0) 'R 4> ^ -^ 9 -rt 2 ^ CO r-< ^' crt S5 43 13 ^o. 8 & 2 'Ocs 189 191 !_ OS 1i a S 4-1 4-1 11 a o ^- 1 "oS S 0) ^ '/- to 6 _d o 4^ 1 T3 ^ <-l ^ *^ cj 1 a So o> H o i* 03 o ^ +5 tfl yr by touchin ing it back. ill have had will be upon tid seizing RI LE follows a M l ^ '5 o" 1 1 4-4 O 0) "be 1 I C 0? a 13 ^>x> *^ 13 jS -^ ^ to S3 a) rr-t 1 C oS J: 13 1 1 8 O ^ CX tH -SJ tO p c ^J 5 .% !_i ^ | S 'c O* u. . 4J o to 'ay r~ Z. ^ *-> i-, 'It ^ o5 > i g 1 w a c N-S ^1 ^ t/3 T3 II r& zi n/j 3 jf *^ bJO CO (_ "^ o o O to 0) O 4-1 mation 03 "K* T^J "x c TJ to -M ^H fH d oj ,f! (H & & bO 2 *o '-3 ^ " *Kt O 3 t. v S -1 bO . c ? 03 ^ to" 0) || 1 -o 13 0) B 8; bii *~- G i ,e H-l C 11 ^ _r"| '^ to "*" fl q & 4-> ^ S r2 rt ex o C ^ 3 -H > 73 ^ o ex 2 "^ c to ^ D * J aj ^ to ~ ^ *S 09 a .ti ^ C ^ OT ^_, "c 9 4) 3 > -^ 0) C* 4J <4H ? 'o ^1 ^ 1) VH 0) S >, 5 4-1 a a "^ C O ^ fe ~-s 13 1 ^ c C "^ X> eg g oS to "3 Sfi c g 'p l 03 JjH j ^ ^ ^ o rt V '"^ ^ 0) 4J 4- ^ c/3 c? i *w *-< V ,C OS t) 4J ? r y ^ 4- ^" g g ** 4) in > to !^ _2" "5 tfl > 1 0> ~- _(-, S .2 g p o. 0) 1) 4) c fe .S X J -^ 5 O ^3 rr< ' ' ^ ^ "^ XI G j ~'% g be 'd The formatior arranged so that t brace themselves c U S| ea tackles, and half-bj row unobstructed V 'fj 0) 0) u 4^ 0) S o o S ^oS -^ 2 O ^ the same moment time to secure the go" 5 f J3 1 8 I-! <4-l C o c X J 0) 0) g^ J3 03 4-< mediately behind apex, and QB direc to the original dire 4) rG g that the second we utmost speed. OJ 4-> C o V 4-> ts 60 a> II ^ J o ic^'g 5 $ o " rt *"" - 2 u ^ fe fH rt^ C t- Q *5? 3 OS 0) ^ > X uj tn 55 cS a, rt o ^ U3 g fe . O ^ ^ O- 1/3 o 01 O. 0) OT a -a H "S >, PH ^s C -M O 0) -!-> I ^ cS "pi* a a 43 - G 3 Q 43 w '35 4^ *j a> jj "c ^* to tn 'g CJ Cj -4-> nJ g O O S 0> O o cd e 4J S O ~J >' 43 P ( _O rtl ^ 1 < _o (H .rrangem : putting ffective. t. bC S-g '- 0) B S 2O G ) 0> ^ ^3 C C P O w s-s H rrt HI a .S 8 ^ S - c a 5 o^g p .s -s ' a=3 s m > S M S *^ X O DOtu^DiU^OG P G4^ ri.fa *-t^- h -~ ..'. u rR rn T? fl M 5 bo cS 73 ^3 6 .S rM f-* ^> CJ f^ r-t *- 197 o 199 ic center. o C a s c .0 irily the position of RG. dashes forward, receive: u/ bo .S 1 t/i c" 13 C a! - o G A a 2 fcj .s 09 A .3 T; fc * li a c -4->' MJ 1 2 a a. 1 be very effective to have .2 n G o 9 3 s i "bo .W) 'S 4-> in C o a 2 ed -u aj ^H a 3 M a> ^3 - G O ^ "o i 1 a. s 03 u 1 enter on ^ T3 M CO 0. 8 o center, a g (X oj '55 s a .s .S 8. ^5 O >-( (/i g "rt G a j? _rt J "jjj at the c "o d 3 o i s OH *a i3 1 >f * < o.- 2 u ^ ^ .3 S& H CO 1 ,0 "5 5 cT < o *j 5"- 'C j CQ fa 1 _ e8 J" 5 CX, 3 S y o '> rt y s a -s ^. a ^ 2 - *S 2 J s 5 o a -^ Cj *" S O *J ^ X . bfl aS oj a 2 3 wi! -3 .0 * - .S 5 > ^ o & ^5 -a S " ^-^ G 11 out and receive 'S to make a forward * o en J3 be m C 1 ^ n "3 fx J2 .^^3 ^ S' 3 ^* 5 ^ o *S 5^ o 2 5 "3 S i >, u ^0 1 a a f. e n a IS "S jj own op< n 3 ^" u 3 .-< fi* *H C g g ^ cl -a c d ^ x ^ 59 g iccessful *d a o ^ >, 5 2 j 3 | -*j a M 2 ja to I ci 1 a, o 2 S & ** -9 y y n % > IS a) ^3 ^ -r ,0 pj r. f. r. ^j n be c S ^ <*H nost abso must be t i t as ,2 3 o 22 rj *j fli ' E ^' >. 3 2 a 1 * EH C 3 c3 .f C OH O O > 5 S - -S *j o ^ oO tD - i o a, a. 5 S 3/.a P! 00 t/j Q 05 _3 S 5 8 I s 1 ^1-S N 8 S^ 5 11 D " 3 ^^S a P w 11* - .- . 10 a o p .2 ,G o G H ^ H bfl +j 'rt o a to ^c ^ "55 2 ^ g,^ o o. r\ F 9 be a 'S 0) T3 be 1 "i ,s 1 1? . O a) 5 o> darts ti o a V -i-> A be in waiti 2 rt e rt -o 205 .s .C bo 3 o u 43 Ml .53 a q 2 - I d a 3 o - -4- S d -S X o *-i -s o -^ >< :!: i i 3 -4-> _d - "^ 1 Q 1-1 O ^i "** .2 "*"" oj *d J3 x S, d 0) .-! i 2 i- rt .h ^ W *> rt U3 < :oo o: " ' \ 207 o o 3 o (D D S (fl o (D 5 <4H "* Si 0) t-< Q) 1_( -d o '55 a) "2 '53 'd 1 ct a IS ry line as he -2 cj *a , S oj .S M "*"* r^ ? rt (U* s M ^ tn" 3 d O a *" o .Q S 1 C .4^| tn ui *s _0 a> to di ^3 J> 'o u o T3 e 3 ^3 ^ o a o ^ a | ~H d _o tn *S E p -J O C o 2 E cS ^ 4> C *O ^ a u) y 0) c S og aj C in JO 4J ^ 4J . ~ ^ S3 J^' Wl OS o 'w *s 4-J 3 C O tn p , y O p .s fo 1 .2 be % o J3 j-l *" PH CJ O IH CJ 2 . y. tn CCI o> t * v; "o & 3 'd ^ j>* 5 'H 4_> rS ** to e o u f; ^ 0) O X! +- 1 * J >, bfi-d O 1 O 1 0> S'sl ^ c" 4-1 'S-l I; A 0) o d 2" ' a m X! 5 4-> C a "3, tfl O - U 5 (3 O ,4 >, gj 'E, to V. ;he field, keepin in his hands rea &r*i ^ ^ otc _tn o r^ ^ a ^ S a S o gS* a cJ o -d losely and solidl !fi tn O 1) I* "75 -S a ED 1 PH a t/i d 01 0) 3 """ .2 ^ tn O w th equal success e greatest care to u 2 ^ , o g ^ r^\ 4? u a ^a JH 3 *d tn" t-4 tn cj Cj '$ 5 'C U in r. 53 o IS .Q . 0) c4 C ? " ,n 4-> !>, t/3 "tj *t5 'C S i> d o tn *O '" u 1 | f. A FB reaches cS >, ^ a S f 2 o s . SCO 0) XI a p p o a ctf ^3 -Ji u ,i O y p fll "tn 4) O H r c 4> *3 '^ x 2 &H 01 1 ^ -d 'So |l> a J O rt * ^ 2 j: S *d 0) 0) 2 "E, o ti S rt p o, in '3 ? a tn V3 IH O 209 ^ ^1 (U 0) * J c_r n> i) 1 ,2 10 a o 1 to -j; 1 4) ^ C ^ ? H rt Q PH C5 S -^ O a c "+J " 2 *^- ^ ^ 1 d 2 c ci -C c to V bfl "bo "3 OJ i "S IS *J ^ a 2 _^> o ^C U C .5?'Sj p a 5 "E, .* U -f . - 'C c g 1 ^T fl CJ '5 3 ,{3 "E S fl> Oi fli M r^ rt 0) _J-j t-, 1 ^ 5 ^ S ** s ^ -B - -9 -a 6,1 O "*J_ -.O -o-o So o 213 'S fl > U3 ft en !> 13 215 s-s s H * * t-4 C rS 03 ' | SP 5 "3 u c o c -a c o u nJ (U *a c rt 4) bo d 9 - e a! p ^5 y rt =J 1 - ^ O S | 8 l^ .2 & g-S | s< w c8 . l! g a 5 a tn tn .S o '7. tn M b ^t ^ s d, n- 5 -o ^H C tn bo 'S -rH jirf -d ^2 cs fl T3 - ' rt 3 III 1/3 -2 to 4! 2 oJ bo 3 o a d c O rt ^ s s s s - ^ 2 8 H .2 '^ -2 | Jl ^ J ^ 0) -S M -3 bo .5 t3 o -S 5 n3 | a *cu D illl . 3 ft a5 2 ^S u? S S

* 3 8| cSlo^^ " .9 /M bo 'C ^ tn C .2 c bO'in f 6 q g >, tn X CD " Q a j-. s 0> a> <2 4-1 ti p< C 3 elS O P H * ' rt 5 s 2 e BH D 111 ^ 5 g tn < ^ -S -3 0$% .S p cj 0) ^5 'd *4_, d; ^ bO -a 216 CO tid center on his own side. nd tackle on his own side, nd end on his own side. -d' jy o c" o c o Lf 5 'c o o 'd nd tackle on the opposite side, nd end on the opposite side. iite end. )etwen center and guard. d and tackle. d G 1 ^ *^\* d d d t^ M CO m r- d d d d d d d d d d d d fc g ^ H ^ ^ ^ J5 ^1 ^ 217 'd d ^4 b * J w g T3 5 p be and tackle, and end. "*-* "^ " 8 M ctf G -M tl) C C G d d d G 4) d G o o d G S S c J2 ^ 11 d J3 ClT ^ bC S rrt J3 *d vl) m rr-* t\\ ^ ^ G r- FOURTH SERIES. between center and opposite between the opposite guard between the opposite end am around the opposite end. FIFTH SERIES. le between center and opposi le between the opposite guar le between the opposite tackl le around the opposite end. SIXTH SERIES. d between the opposite guarc d between the opposite guarc d between the opposite tackl< d around the opposite end. SEVENTH SERIES. -cross half-back play around criss-cross with half-back in le criss-cross with half-back i d criss-cross with half-back ii 13 '^ *^ *^ o o o jj d d d d J r. si ^ *o d C C C C X d d -^ 3 3 3 3 "T~ d fl H W W K e> e *" O O O O '5 W h O W rf vd OO N 40 06 vN ^- O CO rS T3 o ft 05 ClJ "E, c ; tackle in play around the op- -back in play around the end. ull-back in play around the end. alf-back in play around the end. 0) Q o fs ?2 ^ _e & w a) 5 rfi 3 **-< S 5 o cc O EIGHTH SERIE Half-back criss-cross wit site end. Full-back criss-cross wit site end. Ends criss-cross and plaj Tackle criss-cross with t end. Guard criss-cross with o> _o '/; 1 .2 O D 1 ^ EH NINTH SERIE! Double pass from end to Double pass from tackle Double pass from guard TENTH SERIE a ? ^ B p M Feint run around the en< Revolving wedge from a c c o5 oS d o o ^^ ^ rrt r ri r C3 c c; c oj oj cj O O O fc 55 5? 219 d G 0) C & d 0) IB g l , p ^ *d n> |4 -r d 'd 3 c 0> ^3 G o fl S s o D rt 0> a 'g 0) rs CO +j "S. >d ^ ,3 J.YliC>^E/Lil>.tt.rN C/WUO. Hard running wedge with loose formation. 6 | o fcc a ', c ^ 1 *& * T3 'a $ 13 ! si a 43 fc ^5 >> c CS ffi C ed