MUAY liRARY IVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA CELESTIAL OBJECTS 62D " 460 mill. Mm. VISUAL SPECTRA TYPE V COMPARED WITH TYPE IV (VOGEL). Y Can. Ven. ; 2. xvinh 3 m, S. 21 16'; 3. vih 51, S. 23 49' ; 4, 5, 6. Wolf-Rayet, Nos. i, 2, 3, Cygnus. CELESTIAL OBJECTS FOR COMMON TELESCOPES BY THE REV. T. W. WEBB, M.A., F.R.A.S. LATE VICAR OF HAKDWICK, HEREFORDSHIRE SIXTH EDITION, THOROUGHLY REVISED BY REV. T. E. ESPIN, M.A., F.R.A.S. IN TITO VOLUMES VOL. II. WITH ILLUSTRATIONS LONGMANS, GREEN AND CO. 39 PATERNOSTER ROW, LONDON FOURTH AVENUE & 30rH STREET, NEW YORK BOMBAY, CALCUTTA, AND MADRAS 1917 All rights reserved Many things, deemed invisible to secondary instruments, are plain enough to one who ' knows how to see them ' SMYTH. When an object is once discovered by a superior power, an inferior one will suffice to see it afterwards SIR W. HERSCHBL. Inertia mors est philosophise vivamus nos et exerceamur KEPLER. Pulchra sunt omnia faciente Te, et ecce Tu inenarrabiliter pulchrior, qui fecisti omnia S. AUGUSTINE. Sic enim magnalia sapientiae suae decoravit Is, qui est ante sseculum et usque in saeculum; nihil redundat, nihil deficit, nee locus est censurae cujusquam. Quam desiderabilia opera e jus ! ***** et quis saturabitur ridens gloriam eorum ? KEPLER PREFACE TO SIXTH EDITION. ViX -~- As4r, IN this sixth edition the general plan remains the same '- as in the previous edition. Additional notes have been added in Vol. I. where necessary, and Mr. W. F. Denning and the Rev. Theodore E. R. Phillips have kindly looked through the pages, and have mainly drawn these notes up. Such notes are indicated where necessary by the letters D and P at the end. It has been found quite impracticable to give the many observations of minute details of the Sun and Planets, nor indeed is it now necessary as these are published as ' Memoirs of the British Astronomical Asso- ciation ' from the work of the observing sections. Where, therefore, further information is required by the amateur, these should be consulted, since the work is done most thoroughly, and the memoirs are inexpensive. As the map of Mars was quite out of date, with the kind per- mission of the Council of the B. A. A., a chart by Antoniadi has been reproduced. Mr. Walter Goodacre has kindly revised the chapter devoted to the Moon, and has added a series of valuable notes which are published as an appendix. The map of the Moon in the previous edition was also quite out of date, and the new one is by Mr. Goodacre, who has so thoroughly made himself the autho- rity on this subject. Mr. Franks has kindly written a note on the micrometer, since much valuable work may be done by the amateur, even with a moderate aperture, in the measurement of double stars. The note on photography confines itself to bare details of method, and the note on the spectroscope remains the same, since the visual method has been entirely superseded by the photographic. The 513 VI PREFACE TO SIXTH EDITION. blocks used in illustration of Vol. I. have been kindly lent by the Council of the R. A. S. In Vol. II. the illus- trations of Nebulae and Clusters are from plates kindly supplied by the Director of the Lick Observatory. The Editor of the English Mechanic has kindly lent the blocks for the test fields Lyrse and 2 2773. Vol. II. has been rewritten, and every effort has been made to bring it up to date. Publications on double stars are now numerous, but not easy of access to the amateur, and it was thought well to complete the list as far as Mag. 6*5, and to give as far as possible later measures where there is motion. In the case of some of the rapid Binaries nothing could be done beyond giving a general idea of direction and distance. For some later unpublished measures I am indebted to the kindness of the Astronomer Royal, also to Mr. Franks and Rev. Th. E. R. Phillips. Mr. Innes, at my request, undertook to bring the list of Double Stars in the Southern Hemisphere up to date, the boundary being fixed beyond S. Decl. 31. Mr. T. Lewis, who is so eminently the authority in England on double stars, has kindly furnished me with many valuable hints. As the previous index omitting the star places was found inconvenient, a new index giving the places as well as the page is now given, on the lines kindly suggested to me by Dr. W. H. Maw, for the double stars. This has been extended to the Nebulae, red stars, and spectroscopic objects, and it is hoped that it will meet the requirements of those who work with Equatorials. The star places are for 1920, and have been simply corrected for precession, and no greater accuracy has been aimed at than in the previous editions. Mr. W. Milburn has rendered valuable aid in arranging the stars for the new index, and in reading through the proof sheets of each volume. CONTENTS. PART III. THE STARRY HEAVENS. PAGE INTRODUCTION: DOUBLE STARS, HERCULES PAGE I3S CLUSTERS, AND NEBULJE i HYDRA .... MS ANDROMEDA . 16 LACERTA .... 149 AQUARIUS 23 LEO .... IS' AQUILA . . 28 LEO MINOR I 5 6 ARGO NAVIS . 35 LEPUS .... 157 ARIES 39 LIBRA .... 159 AURIGA . . 41 LYNX .... 162 BOOTES . . 48 LYRA .... I6 5 CAMELOPARDUS 54 MONOCEROS 173 CANCER . 59 OPHIUCHUS I 7 8 CANES VENATICI . 62 ORION .... I8 5 CANIS MAJOR . . 65 PEGASUS .... I 9 6 CANIS MINOR . . 68 PERSEUS .... 201 CAPRICORNUS . 70 PISCES .... 208 CASSIOPEIA . 72 PlSCIS AUSTRALIS . 212 CEPHEUS 79 SAGITTA .... 213 CETUS . 85 SAGITTARIUS . 215 COMA BERENICES . 90 SCORPIO .... 219 CORONA BOREALIS . 93 SCULPTOR 221 CORVUS . . 96 SCUTUM SOBIESKII . 222 CRATER . 97 SERPENS .... 225 CYGNUS . . 98 SEXTANS .... 228 DELPHINUS H3 TAURUS .... 230 DRACO . . 116 TRIANGULUM . 2 3 8 EQUULEUS . 122 URSA MAJOR . 239 ERIDANUS . I2 4 URSA MINOR . 247 FORNAX . . 127 VIRGO .... 249 GEMINI . . 128 VULPECULA AND ANSER . 256 APPENDIX I. STARLESS FIELDS 26l II. SOUTHERN TELESCOPIC OBJECTS 262 CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS 2 79 vii ILLUSTRATIONS PAGE VISUAL SPECTRA TYPE V COMPARED WITH TYPE IV (VOGEL) Frontispiece DIAGRAM OF TELESCOPIC FIELD u STELLAR SPECTRA OF THE THIRD CLASS ~| [ ... 13 STELLAR SPECTRA OF THE FOURTH CLASS J PLANETARY NEBULA, H. IV 18, ANDROMED^E . To face 23 THE SPIRAL NEBULA, M. 51, CANUM VENATICORUM To face 65 PHOTOGRAPHS OF KRUEGEE 60 83 DIAGRAM OF U CEPHEI 85 SPECTRUM OF MIRA CETI To face 89 2 2773 AND H. I6l8 108 TRACING FROM ARGBJLANDER SHOWING STARS OF TYPE V (MARKED THUS +) NEAR P. CYGNI . . .no THE STAR CLUSTER, M. 13, HERCULIS . . To face 143 THE STAR CLUSTER, M. 5, LIBR^I . . . To face 161 e LYR^E FROM MEASURES MADE WITH A 24-iN. GALVER EEFLECTOR 168 RING NEBULA, M. 57, LYRJE .... To face 172 THE TRIFID NEBULA, M. 20, SAGITTARII . . To face 217 THE OWL NEBULA, M. 97, URS^] MAJORIS . . To face 246 THE DUMB-BELL NEBULA, M. 27, IN VULPECULA To face 259 viii PART III. THE STARRY HEAVENS. Lift up your eyes on high, and behold Who hath created these things that bringeth out their host by number : He calleth them all by names by the greatness of His might, for that He is strong in power ; not one faileth. ISA. xl. 26. DOUBLE STARS, CLUSTERS, AND NEBULA. IP the Solar System had comprised in itself the whole material creation, it would alone have abundantly sufficed to declare the glory of GOD, and in our brief review of its greatness and its wonder we have seen enough to awaken the most impressive thoughts of His power and wisdom. But that system is but as a single drop in the ocean. What boundary may be set to creation we know not, but we can trace it sufficiently to perceive that, as far as our senses are concerned, it cannot be distinguished from absolute infinity : and in leaving our Sun and his attendants in the back- ground, we are only approaching more amazing regions, and fresh scenes will open upon us of inexpressible and awful grandeur. We are now to contemplate not one Sun, but thousands and myriads : not a planetary system of subordinate globes, but aggregations of Suns ; pairs, groups, galaxies of Suns * the host of heaven ' all inde- pendent in unborrowed splendour, yet many evidently, VOL. II. B 2 THE STAKRY HEAVENS. and all by clear implication, bound together by the same universal law which keeps the pebble in its place upon the surface of the earth, and guides the falling drop of the shower, or the mist of the cataract. Many of these Suns may probably be smaller or dimmer than our own, yet others unquestionably far surpass his splendour ; while as to distance, their remoteness is so inconceivable that light itself, flying with a speed which would encircle the Earth nearly 8 times in one second, only shows them to us as they formerly were, some years, others centuries, others perhaps whole ages back, even in the first dawn of creation. Here is indeed a field where enterprise cannot be thrown away, nor perseverance fail of its reward. We must, however, remember that, though they are Suns which we are contemplating, and though the mere aspect of some of them in a large telescope well bears out the assertion, 1 yet a great proportion are diminished by distance to the minutest points of light, and can only be distinctly seen under favourable circumstances. We cannot therefore expect uniform success ; in fact, the more delicate objects of stellar astronomy are not only among the severest tests of the telescope and the eye, but are peculiarly liable to be affected by atmospheric indistinctness, and require the most propitious skies. The cautions suggested in Part I. will be especially applicable here. An original investigation of all the objects worthy of notice, even in a popular sense, in the starry heavens, would have been the attempt of a lifetime, rather than of such 1 The approach of Sirius to the field of H.'s4O-ft. reflector is said to have been ushered in by a dawning light, and its actual entrance to have been almost intolerable to the eye : yet the 4 -ft. mirror was far from good. What must be the blaze of this star hi the Earl of Rosse's telescope, with a speculum of 6 ft., of much higher reflective power ! DOUBLE STARS, CLUSTERS, AND NEBULA. 3 occasional hours of leisure as I could command : an un- verified selection, on paper, from a standard list formed with a very different design, would have been an easy, but not a satisfactory task : a middle course has therefore been pre- ferred. All such of the 850 Double Stars and Nebulso of Vice-Admiral Smyth's Bedford Catalogue as my 3^j-in. of aperture could be expected to reach, were examined in succession, 1 and those only retained which seemed to possess sufficient general as well as scientific interest, and might serve as specimens of the universal profusion : but as in such a review a number of other objects, beautiful to the popular eye, though unimportant perhaps to the professed astronomer, presented themselves unsought, many of these have been added to the list, as well as many from Struve's ' Mensurse Micrometricse,' and other quarters. Such was the plan of the first edition. But the years that have since elapsed have brought such an unpre- cedented increase of observers and instruments competent to deal with a more difficult class of objects, that it has been thought desirable, without abandoning the original design or title of the work, to enlarge it in the hope of greater usefulness. An addition has accordingly been made of about 1080 pairs from Lord Lindsay's very valuable Summary of the Dorpat Catalogue, together with 70 from that of Poulkova, and many from the lists of Burnham. 2 1 In the present edition the colours taken from Mr. Webb's Manuscript Observation are inserted after those of E, and the date is added thus : yw., blsh., '49. 2 In the present edition an attempt has been made to complete the list of Double Stars to a certain magnitude. All Double Stars whose primary is above 6*5 (according to the authorities whence the information is taken), and their distances less than 20", have been added as far as they could be found hi the great mass of Double Star Observations now published. 4 THE STARRY HEAVENS. The series comprises many notes on colour and magnitude, the permitted publication of which demands special ac- knowledgment. These may all in their way be helpful to the student. But, if diligent in the employment of oppor- tunities, he will soon find that, as these pages are but a very limited selection from works of the highest character, so those in turn are powerless to represent even what we can reach of the unspeakable richness and grandeur of the firmament. The Dorpat Catalogue of 3062 double stars was a wonder of accuracy and perseverance : but h. con- sidered that it included less than J of the pairs that were obvious in his sweeping : and a large proportion of these are unrecorded still. 1 And yet the sole, or even the chief attraction of the sidereal heavens does not lie in the juxtaposition of two stars, possibly merely accidental, and frequently beyond the reach of any but the most powerful instruments. Many parts of the sky, especially the 1 The * General Catalogue of Double Stars,' by /?, contains 13,665 objects. Aitken has discovered at the Lick Observatory 2900 double stars, Hussey at the same observatory and at La Plata 1550, also Jonckheere at Lille has found 1067 and Innes some noo at the Union Observatory, S. Africa, and other observers have added to the number. Aitken has laid down limitations as to the term, Double Star, and in the revised scheme the following limits have been Combined mag. not to exceed 9-o 3" 6'o to 9 - o 5 6'0 to 6-0 10 2'O to 4*0 20 Above 2-0 40 Such a scheme would exclude 61 Cygni, and Krueger 60, 6 Persei, S 1321, and many others that are known to be physically connected perhaps even t] Cassiopeise ! DOUBLE STARS, CLUSTERS, AND NEBULA. 5 crowded fields of the Galaxy, are full of most interesting and beautiful groups and combinations, of which little or no mention can be found. The attention of the professed astronomer is usually directed into some definite channel, and he has little leisure, and sometimes perhaps not much taste, for that general and indefinite sweeping and ' star- gazing,' which to humbler students becomes a source of boundless delight and wonder. It need not be said that the wishes of the latter 'class have been chiefly considered in the following pages, though it is hoped they may be of occasional use in other ways. From a pressure of various employments, the interval since the first appearance of this little work has not added much original matter to the following catalogue. But it is to be hoped that some zealous lover of this great display of the glory of the Creator will carry out the author's idea, and study the whole visible heavens from what might be termed a picturesque point of view. This would involve nothing more than a sufficiency of optical power, of leisure, and of patience bringing with it its abundant reward. By a suitably arranged plan, every part of the sky might be swept over in succession, and the principal instances of intensity of colour, or elegance or singularity of grouping having been noted, the materials would be prepared for a most interesting work a Handbook of the Wonders and Beauties of the Starry Heavens. A well-adjusted equatorial telescope will readily find anything in the following list from the position there given ; otherwise, recourse must be had to a good globe or map. The larger Star-Maps of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge were very carefully compiled and of much value in their day, notwithstanding a most incon- venient amount of distortion towards the sides and corners ; 6 THE STARRY HEAVENS. but in this respect, though not as regards the minute stars, they are much inferior to the Atlases of Proctor ; the smaller of these was specially intended as a companion to the present work, but does not contain the additions made in this impression. 1 The stars, clusters, and nebulae in the following pages are divided into constellations, which are arranged alphabetically : the boundaries of Heis, in his ' Atlas Coelestis,' have been followed ; but difficulties have often arisen as to objects close on the borders, and they may have been occasionally assigned to a wrong constel- lation. Pairs whose connection is ascertained are termed ' binary.' It should be observed that where change is demonstrated it does not necessarily infer binarity, as it may arise from proper motion in one or both components, and binarity is proved by common proper motion where no other change can be detected. In many cases where binarity has been inferred, later measures are given instead of ' Binary ' or ' Moving.' 2 1 Cottam's * Charts of the Constellations ' are admirably suited as a companion Atlas to this work, for objects visible in England. The larger maps (30 x 22 his.) easily allow of any additions being inserted, but many of the new objects hi the present edition will be found there already. The smaller or popular edition has been re- duced from the larger by photography. The constellations are delineated separately, and there is an excellent introduction with three key-maps. Norton's Star Atlas for 1920 is a suitable com- panion to this edition. Backhouse has published a Catalogue of the Magnitudes of Stars visible to the naked eye, giving the results of all previous determinations, thus bringing together hi one volume a mass of material, not easily accessible to the amateur. 2 A 6- hi. aperture seems a small affair hi these days, yet many of the latest measures given hi this edition have been made with that aperture by Mr. Franks, who is doing such excellent work hi measuring wide pah's. Mr. Phillips' measures with an 8- hi. have DOUBLE STAKS, CLUSTERS, AND NEBULAE. 7 I am indebted to the kindness of G. Knott, Esq., for the following table of the equivalent telescopic star-magnitudes of Smyth, Struve (2), Herschel II., and Argelander. It is the result of direct comparison of their respective values of the same objects : those of Argelander being carried below 9*5 m g . by inference. Sm. 2 h. Ar. 6 57 6-4 5'9 6*5 6-3 7'o 6-4 7 6-5 7*4 6-8 7'5 6-9 7-8 7*5 8 7*4 8-2 8-0 8-5 7*9 8-8 8-6 9 9'5 9*0 9*5 IO'I 9*4 10 9'3 10-4 9'4 ii IO'O ii'3 I0'0 12 10-4 "7 10-6 13 107 12-5 II'2 14 10-9 13*3 n-8 15 10-9 14*5 12-4 16 10-9 15-9 13-0 A subsequently published collation by Herschel II. of his own magnitudes with those of 27 will form an interesting addition. 1 also been found most useful, and some have been made especially for this edition. 1 The magnitudes of De., often quoted in the following pages, down to 10-3 practically correspond with S, but E ii'2=De. 10-1 and S i2=De. 117. The magnitudes of OZ 1 , and De. are nearly identical. 12, however, equals OH 11*35. /?' s scale=H.'s up to '78, afterwards = 2. Ar. hi his ' Uranometria Nova ' and Heis are not subdivided decimally. Pickering by photometric measurements finds that while 8 THE STARRY HEAVENS. i The whole subject of magnitudes is, however, in an un- certain and unsatisfactory state ; an assertion which will be borne out by a collation of the best authorities with each other, with themselves on different occasions, and with the sky : and it is with pleasure that we find that stellar- photometry is being seriously taken in hand with the best appliances at the Harvard Observatory. 1 The range of visibility is limited not only by the light of the instrument and the sensitiveness of the eye, but to an extent that could not have been anticipated, by the condition of the air. Burnham has remarked that ' an object-glass of 6 in. one night will show the companion to Sirius perfectly : on the next night, just as good in every respect, so far as one can tell with the unaided eye, the largest telescope in the world will show no more trace of the small star than if it had been blotted out of existence.' Burnham, Ward, Sadler, and others possessed a sight capable of detecting very minute points with small optical means, but with an eye the brighter stars are correctly rated by Ar., the fainter stars are overrated so that 9-2 Ar.=9'6, 9-5 Ar. = io'5. 2 h. 2 h. 2 h. 2 b, 2'60 .... 3 6-40 7 9*3 II 10-87 15 3-10 .... 3'5 6-85 7 '5 9-60 "'5 "13 19 3-60 .... .. 4 730 8 9-80 12 11-38 *7 4-10 .... 4'5 77 8-5 10-00 I2'5 II-6I IS 4-60 .... 5 8-10 9 10-18 13 11-82 19 5-05 ' - 5'5 8-50 9'5 10-36 I3-5 12-00 20 5'5 .. 6 8-80 10 10-54 14 5'95 6 '5 9'io i'5 IO 7 I X 4'5 1 Since these words were written the ' Harvard Photometry ' has been published. This great work contains measures of magnitude of all the bright stars compared with the Pole Star. Also that Observa- tory has published catalogues of many fainter stars observed photo- metrically. DOUBLE STAKS, CLUSTERS, AND NEBULA. 9 and telescope of average quality my experience leads me to believe that the range of a 3jVin. object-glass will terminate among n m g . stars (of Smyth's scale), though from some unknown cause possibly, as Smyth suggests, peculiarity of hue smaller ones are sometimes to be caught. 1 Where I have ventured to note any discrepancy as to magnitude, it has been with a view to assist in detecting variations of light : Schr. suggested, and Humboldt is of his opinion, that variability may be the inseparable condition of all light, and the evidence of its probability is continually on the increase. As to estimates of colour there is also great uncertainty, arising from the differences of telescopes and eyes, and even of the states of the same eye : still there are limits of dis- agreement, and it is desirable to fix them, as there seems reason to believe that these colours may change : where there is any such suspicion, comparisons should be multiplied and their circumstances varied. As this is an interesting inquiry, and one suited to amateurs, I had intended to insert many more discrepancies between Smyth's colours and those of other observers ; but I ultimately found that a very large proportion may be reasonably referred to the causes just mentioned, and included in the wide margin of those 1 Johnson (' Eadcliffe Observations,' p. 15) has given the follow- ing table, assuming that i'o in. will steadily show a star of 8'i mag. : Aperture. Mag. Aperture. Mag. In. In. I'o 8'i 7-0 12*6 1*5 9-0 8'0 12-9 2-0 97 9-0 13-2 2-5 10-2 io-o 13*4 3-0 I0'6 ii-o 13-6 3'5 I0'9 I2'0 I3'8 4-0 11-3 13-0 14-0 5'o 11*8 14*0 14-2 6*0 12*2 15*0 14-4 10 THE STARRY HEAVENS. individual peculiarities of perception or judgment which as- tronomers term ' personal equation,' so that a few only have been retained, either where there may be some suspicion of real alteration, or as specimens of the differences to be expected in the inquiry. I have ventured to pass by, from their obvious peculiarity, Sestini's colours, 1 which caused a re- examination by Smyth, published in his learned and elegant ' Mdes Hartwellianse,' but I have inserted some by the eminent observer Dembowski, as worthy of the highest confidence ; and, in the present edition, many by modern observers. The colours of all the objects in my list, as well as many others, were carefully compared with the Bedford Catalogue : my original instrument and experience were far inferior, 2 and my eye usually biassed by previous knowledge, so that I was little qualified for such a scrutiny ; but with a great preponderance 'of agreement or acquiescence, a few discrepancies were noted : dates are added, as the idea of periodical changes of tint involves no impossibility, and has been strongly advocated by Piazzi Smyth. The subject is a curious one, and it would be worth while to record from time to time the colours not only of associated but single stars as they may come under our notice. The angles of position, which measure the inclination to the meridian, of the line joining the stars, are given in degrees, with the 1 Sestini's observations were republished by Hagen in 1911 and reclassified and discussed (Specola Astron. Vaticana, III.). 2 The subsequent great advantage of a 9j-in. silvered mirror has been less apparent here than hi other respects. My experience concurs with that of Browning, who finds colour decrease with increasing aperture, so as to render stops serviceable, and of Huggins, to whom colour is imperceptible in too much or too little light. Es. and Fr. note the same fact. Es. also finds that in the case of the Red Stars there is a tendency to underrate the brighter and overrate the fainter, and the larger the instrument the more likely is this to occur. DOUBLE STARS, CLUSTERS, AND NEBULA. 11 first decimal. The following diagram, in which the direction of passage through the field is indicated, will sufficiently explain the mode of measurement ; the larger being always considered as the central star. The distances between the stars (always from centre to centre) are given to seconds with the first decimal place. [After Binary and Double Stars are placed Stars with Remarkable Spectra, taken from the new edition of Birming- ham's Red Star Catalogue and entered as Es.-Birm. followed by a number. Others are taken from various sources, a large number are derived from the Researches in Spectro- scopic Photography undertaken with such brilliant success 12 THE STARRY HEAVENS. at Harvard. 1 Stars of type IV are all red ; type III, orange red ; type II, yellow ; type I, and most stars of the bright lined class (type V) are white. It has been shown that in every 1000 stars, 560 are of type I, 374 of type II, 65 of type III, and I of type IV. Of type V 108 only are known. The average of the first two magnitudes of each type is I=o-i, II=i'3, in=2-9, IV=6'i, V=8-o. May it not be possible that there is a VI type whose brightest member is yet beyond our reach- ? 2 With the stars with remarkable spectra are placed the variable stars with their elements from Chandler's Catalogue. 3 The short-period variables are of the first and second types, the long-period variables are of type III with bright lines of hydrogen at max. Some few are of type IV, and this fact is noted after the star's elements.] Then follow such Clusters and Nebulae as are most conspicuous in a host of about 8000. Many of the great wonders are altogether beyond the ' common tele- scopes ' of former years, but the unprecedented extension of optical power among amateurs has induced me to add to the previous list about 50 objects from the catalogue of h. which I have had no opportunity to examine, but which I believe will be found worthy of attention. The Eight Ascensions and Declinations have been brought up to 1920, by correcting for the Precession of the Equinoxes, which, by slowly carrying round the artificial 1 The student should obtain Fleming's * Stars having Peculiar Spectra ' (H. 0. Annals, vol. lvi. v No. vi.). 2 This has come true through the discovery by the late Mrs. Fleming of a VI type with a spectrum visually like the IV type but photographically different. Average mag. 8-3. 3 And Harvard 2nd Cat. of Var. Stars, and other sources. It has been found impossible in the present edition to include more than the brightest ones of the enormous number discovered by photography. Over 3000 have been discovered at Harvard alone. DOUBLE STARS, CLUSTERS, AND NEBULAE. 13 network of meridians and parallels in front of the immovable heavens, is continually changing the nominal places (not the relative positions] of the stars. No greater correctness is B8 BII B9 B7 B6 B5 84 B2 l;i STELLAR SPECTRA OF THE THIRD CLASS. i a Orionis, 2 a Herculis (Duner). H 1 1 1 I I I I oi a\ M coo o o o o o oooco Wave lengths. STELLAR SPECTRA OF THE FOURTH CLASS. i, Y Canum Ven. ; 2, 19 Piscium (Duner). guaranteed than will answer the purpose of finding in a moderate-sized field. Globes and maps admitting of no such reduction will require mental allowance on this account in proportion to their date. 14 THE STARRY HEAVENS. As to optical management ; close pairs and crowded clusters gain by increasing the power ; so in general do dissimilar colours, and very minute points near larger stars ; but experience will be the best guide. For difficult pairs we should follow H.'s advice, and adjust the focus previously upon a single star of nearly the same altitude, size, and colour; the peculiar aspect of the double star will be afterwards more striking. Occasionally a slight change, especially lengthening, of focus may relieve a weary eye. In estimating colours, keep near the centre of the field : its edges may not be achromatic. 1 Large nebulae always require low powers ; very small ones must be more magnified to show their nature, and resolvable ones, to insulate their sparkling points. In most cases low powers have the advantage from the beauty and variety of their broad fields. The magnifiers used by myself with 3^ inches ranged from 64 to 250, in a few instances 300. In the following list, under the head of Double Stars, 2 the Synonym, which stands first, is either a Greek letter, which is Bayer's designation ; or an Arabic numeral, which (unless otherwise specified) is Flamsteed's ; to these are added in parenthesis, where practicable, an Arabic numeral, preceded by (the conventional symbol for the name of 1 All light should be covered while observing colours. A square box, enclosing the lantern, the front of which can be made to slide up and down, is very useful. 2 The student who seeks further information should obtain : (1) Burnham's ' General Catalogue of Double Stars,' and the Appendix by Jonckheere (at present hi the press). (2) Lewis' ' Measures of Double Stars in Struve's Men. Micr.' a most valuable and interesting memoir (E.A.S. Memoirs, vol. Ivi.). (3) Hussey's ' Memoir on the OZ Stars ' (Lick Observatory, vol. v.). (4) Doolittle's ' Memoir on the Ho. Stars ' (Flower Observatory, vol. iii.). (5) Cat. of the Orbits of visual Binary Stars (L.O. Bulletin, No. 84). DOUBLE STARS, CLUSTERS, AND NEBULA. 15 Wilhelm Struve), which refers to the Dorpat Catalogue of Double Stars, or preceded by 027 (Otto Struve) or j3 (Burnham), etc. In the class of Clusters and Nebulae, the prefixed number is that in the General Catalogue of Sir J. Herschel (new edition) ; to which is subjoined, either M., followed by a numeral referring to Messier's Catalogue of Nebulae in the ' Connoissance des Temps ' for 1783 and 1784 ; or H., the Roman numeral after which shows the class in the catalogues of that observer. After the Synonym comes the Place in the Heavens, given first in hours and minutes and decimal of a minute of Right Ascension, then in degrees and minutes of Declination, marked N. or S, as the case may be ; the Italic letters, n (north), s (south), p (preceding), and /(following), being employed to indicate the relative positions of neighbouring objects. Next are placed (in the case of Double Stars) the Magnitudes in corresponding Arabic numerals separated by a comma. Then follow the Position-angles, the Distances, and the Colours ; ^ with occasional remarks from other authorities. For many descriptions of objects, and directions for finding them, the author is responsible. 1 In the present edition, to save space, no colour is given where the stars are called white by 2. Good service would be done by the amateur who, with sufficient aperture, re-examined all these stars for colour. Mr. Franks has made many valuable observations of the colours of Double Stars. One of the remarkable discoveries of modern times, in Astronomy, is that the type of spectrum (and therefore to some extent the colour), and the velocity of motion are distinctly connected, thus : Type B 6-2 km. A 10-5 F 144 G 15-0 K 16-8 M 17-1 16 THE STARRY HEAVENS. Abbreviations (additional) and Symbols ; A., Aitken; Ar., Argefan- der ; B., Birmingham ; /J, Burnham ; Bies., Biesbroeck ; D'A., tf Arrest; De., Dembowski ; Do., Doberck ; Doo., Doolittle ; Du., Duner ; Es., Espin ; Fr., Franks ; Gr., Grover ; H., *r If. Herschel ; h., /Sir Jofoi Herschel ; Hh., Sir John HerscheVs Cata- logue of his father's Double Stars ; Ha., Hall ; Hn., Holden ; Har., Harvard, ; Ho., Hough ; Hu., Hussey ; I., Innes ; K., Knott ; LI., .Z/a- lande;'L.,Lacaille; L.P., Lick Photos ; M., Messier; Ph., Phillips ; ff, The stars in the appendix to Vol. III., Poulkova Observations ; OZ 1 , 0o Struve ; Q2Z, Poulkova Cat., Part II. ; S., ow^ , P. Sm., Piazzi Smyth; Sa., Sadler; Wa., JFard ; W., JFe66. Bin., binary ; c.p.m., common proper motion ; r.m., rectilinear motion ; bl., iWwe ; blsh., bluish ; grn., grreerz, ; grnsh., greenish ; or., orange; y., yellow; ysb., yellowish ; w., white ; yw., whitish yellow, etc. ; o., no colour given. Hy., Hydrogen lines bright. ANDROMEDA. THIS constellation is rich in interesting objects of every class ; on the meridian, however, it is inconveniently high for an achromatic telescope, and should therefore be ex- amined some hours E. or W. of it, like many other similarly situated regions. Its upper part towards the Galaxy contains very fine sweeping. As the result of photos through screens with the 60- in. at Mt. Wilson, it seems extremely probable that the faint stars are appreciably redder than the bright ones. The presence of an absorbing medium in space might account for this. But if the stars really belong to the red class, then from the above table it seems probable that many faint stars will have large p.m. Barnard has lately discovered one in Ophiuchus with a p.m. of 10" annually, which Steavenson finds to be 9 m-. and red. Its place for 1916 is R. A. xvn h 53 44", N. 4 2/'4. Kapteyn and Eddington have pointed out that all the stars are moving in one of two streams, and Kapteyn believes that the sun belongs to a cluster having an independent motion. ANDROMEDA. 17 DOUBLE STARS. 27 3058. o h i m -i, N. 29 53' : 77, 9-2 : 49^9 : 12"'$. Fr. '14 : 527 : 14". 02 547. o h i m '4, N. 45 22' : 8-3, 8-3 : iio '9 : 4*-$ ; rsh. ft, I33'8, '05. c.p.m. 8' s, a little p, is j3 997 : 7'9> 8-9 : 3397 : 4"*o. 22. o h 6 m '2, N. 45 38' : 5 ; wh. '38, clear yellow '50. Guide to elegant pair, 27 3 : 7-5, 8'5 : 84 '1 : 4^9. 027 2. o h 9 m -2, N. 26 32' : 6-9, 8-3 : 43'8 : o'-g. Hu. 37-8 : o"7 : '98. Bin., comes g-6 : 225 : 18*. S 17. o b i2 m '4, N. 28 51' : 8, 9-2 : 29'3 : 26^3 : y., o. ft comes, 11*5 : 266 *5 : 2"'4- In a wide sprinkle. 27 24. o h I4 m '3, N. 25 41' : 7-2, 8 : 248^ : ^''2. Bird, minute comes s. A pretty pair. 26(0275).o h i4 m '5, N. 43 20' : 6-5, 10-2: 240 7 : 6'% c.p.m. 28 03i095). o h 25 m> 9, N. 29 18' : 5-5, 13-3 : o'i : 2"*4 : c.p.m. 27 33. o h 26 m 7, N. 33 39' : 8-2, 8-3 : 205'5 : 2^5. 27 40. o h 30 m '9, N. 36 23' : 6'8, 8-8 : 3i2'2 : n^ : y., ash. 7r(02727 4). o h 32 m -6, N. 33 i/ : 4-1, 8'O : De. I733 : 36^-3 ; ysh., bl., distant 11-5. Fr., pair 5 m p ; 6, 9 : y. bl. (h. 5451). 2744. o h 34 m '4, N. 40 33': 8-3,9: 258 -8 : 7"'9- ft 266'! : C)"'6 : '03, from p.m. 8 (491). o h 35 m -o, N. 30 25' : 3, 12-5 : 299'3 : 2/-g. 27 47. o h 36 m 'i, N. 23 37' : 67, 8'6 : 204^7 : i6"'6. Two comites. 27 52. o" 39-7, N. 45 48' : 8, 9 : 25'8 : i"'4 : ysh., o. ft IS '?, '12. 27 55. o h 40 m -i, N. 33 n x : 8, 8-8 : 322'9 : 2 //< i. ft 327-2 : '04. VOL. ii. c 18 THE STARRY HEAVENS. SI i. o" 42""!, N. 30 30' : De., 7-0, 7-3 : 5 3 7 : 46^-4 : y. Curious similarity. Fr., p deeper, '76. I jy 8. Gr. small wide pair, 35' wp. 2 72. o h 50 m -2, N. 38 44' : 8, 9 : i82'3 : 24"'3 : ysh. Fr., '14 : 177. 36(2773). o b 50 m 7, N. 23 12': 6-2, 6-8: 307 '8 : o"-8. Ph. 4I'0 : o"'8, '14. Bin., Lewis, 137-5 yrs. Beautiful ; strong yellow. Closely np 77, towards : visible to naked eye. H (h. 1057). o h 52 m< 3, N. 38 4' : 4, 16. ft I22'2 : tff-g. Inserted as a light test ; depending, however, like others, mainly on atmospheric conditions. D., who rated it nj, or at most nj of 27's scale, glimpsed it with 4'8-in. of 8-in. achr. even when his vision was slightly impaired. Wa. has seen it with 4 T 3 o-achr. I held it pretty steadily in the presence of p with 9J-in spec., so Fr., with 5-in. achr. Bufiham glimpsed it with 6J in. of g-in. spec. ]8, a fainter comes : 3iiT : 39 // 7. Z 79- b 55 m '5> N. 44 17' : 6, 7 : i92'4 : y"-6 : v.w., blsh. w. ; 7, grnsh., 9~in. spec. '71, so Fr., '76. 39 (h. 1064). o h 58 m - 4 , N. 40 55' : j3, 6, 12 : 3'3 : 2 o // -6. ^6(027 515). i b 4 m -8, N. 46 49' : 4-9, 6-5 : 3 i5- 9 : o"-6 : y., grn. A., '08 : 2I2'4 : o"'3. Bin. ft 398. i h 7 m '2, N. 47 23" : 8, 8 : De., 5o;5 : i"-8. Hu. 523- i h I5 m> 8, N. 51 ii' : 6-5, 10 : 98^7 : o"^. 2 112. i h i6 m -o, N. 45 55' : 8-5, 9 : 327'2 : 23 7/ '6 : yw. ft, 330 -5: 2i //> 8: '03. comes to 9, 14-2: 187 -3: 4 / '-6. w(j8999). i h 22 m -8, N. 45 o' : 5-3, 12 : ioo-2 : 2^3 : '92. 96 'O : 2 // '6 : '02. pair : 107, 107 : 140 -i : 5", in field sf. Ho. 7. i h 22 m> 8, N. 40 41' : 6, 13 : i58 0< 9 : 13^-5. 2 140. i h 34 m 3, N. 40 39' : 8-5, 9-2 : I72'3 : 3 x '-3. ANDROMEDA. 19 27 141. i h 35 m< 3, N. 38 34' : 8, 8-5 : 300'6 : 1*7 : ysh. 27154. i h 40 m -2, N. 43 18' : 8,8-2: 126 7 : 5"'2. H 162. i h 44 m -2, N. 47 30' : 7, 7-5 : 225'5 : i"'g. Cole- man, 215-! : '99. com^ 97 : I79'5 : 2o"'4. Bird, dark blue. 27 3113- i h 48 m '5> N. 44 15' : 87, 87 : 27O'5 : i"'5. 56 (SI 4). i b 5i-4, N. 36 52' : De., 57, 5-8 : 30i'4 : i8i*7 y. j3, i8/''3, '03. p larger and ruddier, 1850 ; nearly equal, p redder, g-in. spec. '71. Whitley, p smaller, y., or., '69. Fr., p smaller, '76. Es. and )3, comes 11-4 : 79'6 : i8"*4. 3 m p is 27 179 : 67,77: i6o- 4 : 3 "-5. 27 195. i h 55 m> 2, N. 44 4' : 8-5, 8-8 : I94'6 : 3"'i. y(27205).i h 59 m -o, N. 41 51' : 3, 5 : 62^4: 10^3: Gold., blue. One of the most beautiful pairs in the heavens. It seems to have been first noticed by C. Mayer in 1788. In 1842 017 found the com- panion double. It forms a binary system with Period of 55 years. The motion is in an elongated ellipse in the direction of 70. At its greatest elongation the stars are o //> 65 apart, and it is now separating (Ph., H5'4 : o"'5 : '14) and should reach its greatest distance about 1916. It forms an admirable test object, but it is important to note the difference between one long disc crossed by a dark interference line, which is sometimes called division, and two round discs with black sky between them. 59(27222).n h 6 m -o, N. 38 39': 67,7-2: 34 '8 : 16^-4. Grover, neat pair, 10' np (h. 1109, j8, 1727 : 26 /7 '3). Neb.G.C. 828: 90" p. E 228. n b 8 m '9, N. 47 6' : 67, 7-6 : 262'! : i"'i. Ph., '13: no7:o // -8. Bin. 20 THE STARRY HEAVENS. 2:245. n h i3 m 7,N.3954': 7,8: 29i'8: n": yw,blsh.w. 2:248. n h i6 m -o, N. 42 25' : 8-9, 8-9 : 161 : i"'6 : ysh. )3, '04 : i 47 -6. S 250. n h i6 m - 4 , N. 37 3' : 8-5, 9 : I35'8 : 3"'2. 2:251. n h i6 m -8, N. 39 i': 8'2, 9: 264 -9 : 2^2: yw. a- 70. n h i7 m -9, N. 41 2' : )3, 6-6, 10 : 358'5 : 53"'3 : y., o. I failed with comes '51. Fr. less than n, '76, but the object guides to a pretty open pair 8 mag. Field fine with low powers. Es., '17: 6*5, n : i-6 : 56"'3 from p.m. of 6-5. 2 (j8 1147). xxn h 58 m '9, N. 42 20' : 57, 8-5 : 323*4 : o"-2. A., '12 : 345 -o : o"'4. Bin. 2:2985. xxm h 6 m -3, N. 47 32': 7, 8: 252-!: 15": yw., blsh. 8 03 717). xxm h i 4 m -o, N. 48 35' : 5-3, 127 : i6i'8 : 7"'4- c.p.m. 2:3004. xxm h i6 m> 9, N. 43 41' : 6-5, 10 : 177 7 : I3"'i. 2:3010, xxiii b i9 m -6, N. 45 21' : 8,87: 132 -4 : 25"'3 : ysh., c.p.m. Es., comes to 87 : 11-5 : I03'6 : 29"'5. i m /> 2's is A. 788 : 8-8,14-2: 270'4: 4 // 'i. 2 3024. xxm h 28 m -2, N. 43 23' : 8'2, 9 : 3ii'6 : 4 /r -9. 02:500. xxm h 33 m -6, N. 43 59': 6-1, 7: 295^4 : 0^-5: w., bl. Doo., '02 : 333 : o""j. Bin. Curious group, i m /, 15' n. ]8 995. xxm h 43 m> 6, N. 46 23' : 6 -2, 10-2 : 243 -4 : o"^. A., '04 : 238 -4. S 3042. xxm h 47 m -8, N. 37 27' : 7, 7 : 89'3 : 4 /7 -2. Hu., '02 : 88-i : 5 /7 -i. Fr., ysh., '76. Ho. 205. xxm h 48 m -o, N. 38 50' : 6-5, 12-5 : 179^7 : 4"-6. 2:3043. xxm h 48 m '7, N. 38 14' : 8-4, 9-2 : 250 : 15^-5. A. divides 8-4 : 8'6, 10-3 : 172-! : o /7 -3. Pair. xxm h 49 m -o, N. 40 55'. Es, 6-5, 8'8 : i45- 4 : 51". Orange, bl. ANDROMEDA. 21 2:3048. xxm h 54 m -o, N. 23 54' : 77> 8'8 : 3i4'3 : 9^1 yw., o. 8 '8 decidedly bl., '50. 12 m g . comes, 9-in. and mags. 8, 10 : '71. Fr., quite two mags, diff., '76. Grover, comes beautiful blue, '74, c.p.m. 2:3050. xxm h 55 m - 4 , N. 33 i/ : 6, 6 : 191 : 3"-8 : ysh. '32. Ph., '14 : 222'4 : 2"'i. Rect. m. ft 860. xxm h 55 m -9, N. 38 25' : 6-8, ir6 : i07-2 : 6*7. STARS WITH REMARKABLE SPECTRA, AND VARIABLES. SU (var.). o h o m '3, N. 43 10' : 7-2-8-4 : IV : Es. Es.-Birm. 4. o h I5 m 7, N. 44 16' : 8'2 : R : IV : Du. R (var.). o h i9 m -8, N.38 8' : 6-0-14-9 : 4 IO<1 7 : At Bonn - F. remarkably bright at max. Es. Es.-Birm. 10. o h 23^3, N. 35 8' : 8-1 : R : IV : Du. W (var.). n h i2 m -5, N. 43 56' : 6-5-14 : 395 d : Anderson. Es.-Birm. 7230. xxm h 8 m '6, N. 52 I/ : 8'2 : R: III: Es. xxm h i4 m -o, N. 48 34' : 4-9 : OR : III : Se. Z (var.). xxm h 29 m> 8, N. 48 23' : 9-1-11-4 : showing at Harvard the spectrum of a Nova in 1901. Rose to 8-4 again 1914 with very bright F. NEBULA AND GROUPS. 205 (H. V 18). o h 36 m> o, N. 41 14' : Large faint oval neb. best with low powers : res. by Bond : a very large field includes it with 221 and 224. Seems to sparkle ; much more oval and less spindle-shaped than as drawn by Bond. 224 (M. 31). o b 38 m '4, N. 40 50' : One of the grandest in the heavens ; long, oval, or irregularly triangular, ill- bounded, and brightening to the centre ; so plain to the naked eye that it is strange that the ancients scarcely mention it. It is, however, referred to as a familiar object by the Persian astronomer, Sufi, in the tenth century. By 22 THE STARRY HEAVENS. moving the telescope rapidly to gain contrast, Bond extended it to the surprising dimensions of 4 in length and 2j in breadth, of which common instruments show little, and less in proportion to the increase of power. No telescope has been able to deal with its nature ; Bond's I4~in. found no resolution, though it was seen through a rich stratum containing 1500 stars. It detected, however, two curious dark streaks, like narrow clefts, both beyond any ordinary instruments (but readily shown in photos as dark rings), in which the darker of them forms in reality the boundary of one side of the nebula as seen with a small aperture : both well seen by Se. with 9y 9 - m - achr. : I have caught one with difficulty with 5^-in. achr., '.63. Grover has seen both with 6 J-in. silvered mirror, and I have traced them through a long extent with 8-in. mirror (With), 1864 ; but this was after the knowledge of the fact, which has a great influence upon the eye ; the truth of H.'s remark being often exemplified, that less optical power will show an object than was required for its discovery. Huggins finds spectrum continuous, but cut off at the red end. Modern photos show the spectrum to be of the solar type. Fath at Mt. Wilson finds the spectrum of the Milky Way to be type G, and it has been inferred that this nebula may be an exterior Galaxy. Photos show many stars scattered over and around the nebula. Peace at Mt. Wilson gives its velocity of recession 204 miles per second. A 14 mag. np nucleus not always seen, Q-in. A star mag. 7 was detected near the nucleus by Ward, Aug. 19, 1885, and several other observers independently, and subsequently. It faded to 16 mag. Feb. 7, 1890 ; Hall, 26-in. refractor. Es. glimpsed with difficulty on March 6, with 1000 on I7j-in. Es. thinks nucleus var., and sees star in it, confirmed by PLANETARY NEBULA, H. IV 18, ANDROMEDA. Photographed at the Lick Observatory, with exposures of 10 sec., 20 sec. 30 sec., i min., 2 min. AQUARIUS. 23 Young, 23-in. The spectrum of the Nova resembled the nebula, as was the case with Z Centauri. 221 (M. 32). Is in the same low-powered field : small, but bright. E. of Rosse resolved, so Buffham g-in. ; spect. like M. 31. 404 (H. II 224). Eather faint ; but easy with 9! in. spec. ; np j8, strong yellow, in the same field. D'A., strong nucleus. E. of Rosse, resolvable. Pretty Group (OZ27 17). i h I9 m> 9, N. 38 37'. 752 (H. VII 32). i b 53 m -o, N. 37 i/ : Wide, rich region, especially of small stars. 1023 (H. I 156). n h 35 m '4, N. 38 43' : One of H.'s bright class neb., lenticular, 5' long, with stellar nucleus. 7662 (H. IV 18). xxm h 22 m> o, N. 42 6' : small, but very bright. La. sees nucleus and two oval rings, con- firmed by Lick Photos, 10 sec. exposure showing nucleus and one ring, 20 sec. two rings. The outer ring seems to grow in intensity, as exposure lengthens, much more slowly than inner ring and nucleus. Barnard, nucleus var. 12-15 ? My 9^-in. shows blsh. disc with woolly border, and suspicion of dark centre. Huggins, 8-in. ; annular, grnsh. bl. ; spect. four bright lines. Three small stars np, nearest, 12 '6 : 63-2: 5i"'3. AQUARIUS. A dull-looking constellation, but well repaying telescopic research. DOUBLE STARS. 4 (H 2729). xx h 47 m -o, S. 5 54' : 5'9> 7'2 : 2 4 '5 : 0*7 : y., '29. A., '12 : 324'6 : o"'5. Bin. P., 135-6 yrs. 7 (j3 1034). xx h 52 m -6, S. 10 o' : 6, 117 : 165 : 2 /x 'i. 12(^2745). xx h 59^7, S. 6 S' : 5-6, 77 : 189 -6 : 2^7. y., bl. Brightest in vicinity. Fixed. 24 THE STARRY HEAVENS. 2:2781. xxi b i2 m -5, S. 7 59' : 7-8,7-8: 172-! : 3"'3- j8 (h. 936). xxi h 27 m> 4, S. 5 55' : 3, ft 10-9 : 3i8'9 : 34^-3 : y., comes scarcely suspected, 3/0. Wa. considers it test for 4! to 5-in. achr. ft two close pairs, p, IQ'W. Ho. 288. xxi h 29 m> 9, S. 4 43' : 6-5, 13 : 277 -9 : if. 2:2809. xxi h 33 m '5, S. o 45': 6, 8-4: 163 -5 : 31"'!. Fixed. /M2, a little w. 24 (j8 1212). xxi h 35 m> 4, S. o 25' : 6-3, 7-1 : 26i-o : o"'5. A., 278-6 : '04. Bin. Dist. 10-9. 2:2817. xxi h 37 m -8, S. o 2' : 8'2, 8-5 : i56'3 : 25"-g. 2:2825. xxi h 42 m '8, N. o 29' : 8,8'2: ioo'2 : i"'i : ysh. Do., '02 : H7 0< 3. 2:2838. xxi h 5o m '4, S. 3 40': 6, 8'8: i85'2 : 2i // -6 : ysh., o. Fr., '14 : i82'5 : 18*7 ' ysh., blsh. comes 10 mag. pale lilac, '75. Curious and beauti- ful stream of small stars np. Z 2847. xxi h 54 m -o, S. 3 53' : 7-6, 8 : 296-6 : 1^-2 : ysh. h. 5524. xxi h 57 m -2, S. 16 o' : 6, 9 : j8, 292'! : IOI^-Q. Howe, 6 double, ft n : 270'5 : 8^-9. H 2851. xxi h 57 m> 4, S. 12 23' : 8, 8-3 : I2O'8 : 19"'!. 29 (S. 802). xxi h s8 m -i, S. 17 ii' : ft 8, 8} : 242'4 : 4*1. De., 7-0, 7-2. Very little diff. in size : p perhaps the smaller, '49, '51-3-5 ; pale y., 71 mag. '55 ; p 0-3 smaller g-in. '71. Howe, 6, 6*2 : '77. 2:2862. xxn h 3 m -o, N. o 10' : 7*6,8: 104: 2"'3 : ysh., y. 35. xxn h 4 m -6, S. 18 56' : 6 : ft guide to pair np : 8-5,8-5: Doo., 58'3: i"'8. (|8 170). 41 (Eh. 753). xxn h 9 m '9, S. 21 28' : Hall, 6, 8 : H57 : 5" : Rsh., bl. A 7 mag. to which j3 adds comes ii'2 : 258 -I : n"^, makes it a pretty group. 2:2887. xxn h i3 m -2, S. i 6': 9, 9: 257 : 8 /7 -8. Hu., '05 : 2 9 '4. AQUARIUS. 25 51 (j8 172). xxn h I9 m '9, S. 5 15' : 5'6, 57 : I2'i : <>"7> '91. A., '12 : 356'0 : 0*7. Bin. 53 (H/. 762). xxn h 22 m -o, S. 17 10' : Ha., 6, 6 : 304'2 : 7"'4. j3 'oo : 6"*9, distant comes, at 339, double 12*9, 13*9 : ioi'4 : i"'8. p smallest, '49. So Fr., '76. Fr., '16: 3I2'3 : f. I (S 2909). xxn h 24-7, S. o 26' : 4, 4-1 : 359'8 : 3"'6 : grnsh. w. : '25. 0., '05 : 317 : 2*-g. pale y., '51. A very fine object, easy with very small aperture. In centre of triangle of nearly equal, naked-eye stars. j8, pair 44" /, n' : 8-5, 10-2 : 335'3 : i"'5. 076). 2:2913. xxn h 26 m -3, S. 8 32': 7, 8: 33i'9 : 8": w., rsh. 9, 10, g-in. '71. Fr., 8 (purpsh.), 9 ; '79. rj. xxn h 3i m '2, S. o 32' : ij s is 60, 6 mag., 13' s of which j8 finds triple 9-5, 10-3, n : 213, 225'6 : 2"-6, 28 // -8. 0877). 2:2928. xxn h 35 m '3, S. 13 2' : 8, 8 : 327^7 : 4 // 7- Hu., '02 : 312 : 4" -I. 2:2935- xxn h 38-7, S. 8 44': 7, 7-8: 3i3- 3 : 2^6: v.w. 7-8, grey, or blsh. ? '50. So Se., '55 ; Fr., ysh., blsh./76. T i (Z 2943). xxn h 43 m '5, S. 14 29' : 6, 9-2 : H2'2 : 30 // 7. Fr., '14 : Ii6'9 : 25^7. p.m. S 2944. xxn h 437, S. 4 38' : 7, 7-5, 8-4 : 246- 9 , i5 7 - 5 : 4 // -i, 55"-8 : ysh., w., w. j8, '05 : 25 9 '8, 128-! : 3 "-i, 47 // -o. 8-4, blsh. '49. r 2 (HA. 781). xxn h 45 m '4, S. 14 i' : 5, beautiful or., with dist. comes (H., 10 mag. ; Fr., 9 mag.) lilac, or blsh. j3 178. xxn b 5i m -o, S. 5 25' : 6, 8 : Doo., 324^7 : o /x '8. 2:2959. xxn h 53 m -o, S. 3 41': 6-5, 10-5: g67: 15*7. )3, '06 : I057, i2 // 7, comes to 10-5, 12-5 : 92 0> 5 : 26 THE STAEBY HEAVENS, 2:2970. xxn h 58 m -2, S. 11 44' : 8-5,9: 35'3 : 8^4. 83 (A 417). xxm h i m -o, S. 8 6' : 6, 6 : 61 : o"'2. dist. 7 mag. S 2981. xxm h 5 m '3, S. 9 16' : 8-8, 8-8 : ii2'4 ' 3"' 6 - 27 2988. xxm h 7 m -8, S. 12 22' : 7-2, 7-2 : 281 : 3*7 : ysh. 2:2993. xxm h 9 m> 9, S. 9 23': 7, 7-8: 177 -9 : 25"-6 : field interesting : c.p.m. ^ (Z II 12). xxnr* n m 7, S. 9 31' : 4-5, 8-5 : 3i2'2 : 49"-6 : v.y., bl. j8 divides 8-5 : 9-1, 9*2 : 94'3 : o"*2, and sees two comites 18" and 63". Close pair, A. '12 : i03-6 : 0*7. 2:2995. xxiii h i2 m '5, S. 2 2' : 77,8: 30: 4"'6. 94(2:2998). xxm h i4 m '9, S. 13 54': 5-2, 7-2: 345 'i : ^^ : 7 w -> W- Y. with perhaps rsh. glare, grnsh., '49. 95 (Ho. 199). xxm h i4 m '9, S. 10 3' : j8, 5, ir8 : 2i8'6 : i^-i : '90. A., '06 : 203-i. 96 (h. 5394). xxm ll i5 in -2,S.5 24 / : 5*6,12: ft 20: lo''^. 97 (Hu. 295). xxm h i8 m> 5, S. 15 29': 5-5,6-8: 84'4: 0^-4. 2:3008. xxm h i 9 m -6, S. 8 54' : 7, 8 : 273'3 : f'S : ysh., ash. Ph., '13 : 328'3 : 3 /x '5. r. m. I 1058. xxm h I9 m> 9, S. 22 n' : 6-5, 11-5 : 260 2 7/ . See 485. xxm h 22% S. 22 n x : 6, 12*3 : I3O'9 : 5"'6. co 2 (j3 279). xxm h 3 8 m -6, S. 14 59' : De. 5, n : 8 7 '8 : 5*7. 107 (H.L 807). xxm h 4i m 9, S. 19 / : De. 5-3, 6-5 : i39'9 : 5"-6. w. or ysh., bl. '50. De., both w. Se., red, bl., '55- P. Sm. thinks cols. var. Fr., '16 : I37'8 : 6 //t 2 : yw., lilac. STARS WITH REMARKABLE SPECTRA, AND VARIABLES. 3. xx h 43 m -5, S. 5 19' : 4*2 : OB. : III. Es.-Birm. 689. xx h 45 m -2, S. o 51' : 6-8 : OR. : III. D'A. AQUARIUS. 27 T(var.). xx h 45 m 7, S. 5 27': 67-13: 203* -3 : Gold- schmidt. TT. xxn b 2i m< 2, N. o 57' : 5 : Hy. Har. S (var.). xxn h 52 m '8, S. 20 46' : 8-14-2 : 279*7 : Ar. R (var.). xxm h 39 m 7, S. 15 44' : 6'2-n : 387*'! : Harding. NEBULAE AND GROUPS. 7009 (H. IV i). xx h 59 m -8, S. 11 41'. Planetary : some- what elliptic : very bright for an object of this nature ; pale bl. ; not well defined in 5j-ft. achr., but bearing magnifying more like a planet than a common nebula. One of the finest specimens of these extraordinary bodies, to which their discoverer, H., assigned a distinct class. E. of Rosse finds a very thin ray on each side, which I saw with Huggins's I5~in. achr. La. detects within it a bright well-defined elliptic ring. Buffham, 9~in. spec., an opening. Se., who made its diameters 25" and 17", saw it sparkle, and thought it a heap of stars. The spectroscope, however, of Huggins reveals the astounding fact that it is a mass of incandescent gas. About ij p v, 5 m g . 7089 (M. 2). xxi h 29 m> 3, S. i 12'. Beautiful round neb. diam. 5' or 6', showing with 3^j-in. a granulated aspect, the precursor of resolution. With 9-in. spec, resolution evident the margin seems to diffuse itself away, probably in rays, h. compares it to a heap of fine sand, and considers it to be composed of thousands of 15 m g . stars. Sm. observes that " this magnificent ball of stars condenses to the centre and presents so fine a spherical form, that imagination cannot but picture the inconceivable brilliance of their visible heavens to its animated myriads." Very curious symmetrical group, xxui h I2 m , S. 4 58'. Fine field, lucida 7 m g . xxiu h 30, S. 10 27'. 28 THE STARRY HEAVENS. AQUILA. Altair (xix h 46 m -g, N. 8 39'), the lucida of this rich constellation has been thought var., and has a very sensible p.m. Ellison faint pair dist. 80" at P. 90. Holmes pair 4 m p (h. 897): 9, ii : 7" . All the Galaxy here is strewed with pairs and groups of stars. DOUBLE STARS. A 88. xvm h 34 m> 2, S. 3 17' : 7-2, 7-2 : Rapid Bin., 12*12 years, distance never greater than o"'i5, comes, 14*5 : 113 -9 : I5"*5. 0^361. xvm h 3 9 m -8, N. 534': 7-5, 8-2: i72'5 : 22""?. U 2369. xvm h 39 m '9, N. 2 32' : 7-5, 8 : 98'2 : i"'5. 5 (1:2379). xvm h 42 m '3, S. i 3' : 5-6, 7-4 (Se., 5, 5 : '55. De., 6-3, 7-3: '66): I2i'5: I3"'2 : w., blsh. W.,pale violet, '50 : 6, 8 : pale y., ruddy, '71. Fr., yw. lilac, '15. Fixed. Comes (j3, 11-2 : I45'5 : 27"'5) missed by all save H., I have on several occasions, '5o-'52, seen it more or less distinctly by averted vision. It rather improves with magnifying : very minute, 9-in. spec. '71. A 1887. xvm h 42 m> 3, S. 10 13' : 6'i, 14 : 255'2 : 3^3. 2:2399. xvm h 45 m '4, N. 13 7' : 8'2, 8'8 : H9-6 : 15*7. 10 mag. : 49'6 : 33 /7 -3. 2:2404. xvm h 47 m -o, N. 10 53': 5-8, 7: 183 -2 : 3 /x '5 : y., bl. Cols, remarkable. Fr., 5-8 red., '78. Fixed. 2:2408. xvm h 48 m -2, N. 10 41' : 7-5,87: 96^6 : 2" -3 . w., ash. 2 2412. xvm b 48 m '9, N. 13 55' : 8-4, 8-5 : 53'3 : i"^ : ysh. 11(2:2424). xvm h 55^4, N. 13 31': 57, 9-2: 241 -6 : i8"7 : grnsh. w., ash. Y., grnsh. or blsh., '50. Fr., '15 : 270^ : i6 /7 -i : yw., bl. Kect. m. A AQUILA. 29 pretty 10 mag. pair f a little n : another about 38' s. 14' /is 27 2426 : 6-8, 8'2 : 259'8 : i6"'9 (j3, comes to 8'2, 127: 167 -5 : 3"'9) : rsh. y., grey. 10, 6 m g ., closely wp n, stands between two curious groups. 2:2425. xvm h 56 m 'i, S. 8 14' : 6-9,77: 183 '2 : 32"-!: yah., ash. Hu., '02 : i8o'8 : 3i"'2. . xvm h 56 m -o, N. 14 57' : 3-5 : beautiful y. Wa. notes triplet/; j8, n>'2, icr6, 10-5 : 252'4, ioo'i : 9"'3, 22"-i. 10' s is 27 2428 : 8, 9-8 : 288'6 : 6"'4. De., 77, 10. Occasionally distinct though long past meridian ; '50 ; 12 mag. : '71. A fine field. 2:2436. xvHi h 58 ffi '3, N. 8 38': 7-4, 8-1 : 309: 34" '6 : yw., blsh. w. ft '05 : 3H 0< 2 : 32"'4- p.m. 2:2437. xvm h 58 m '4, N. 19 3': 7-8, 8: 80 '8 : i"'i. Bowyer, '03 : 597 : o"'8. H 2434. xvm h 58 m '6, S. o 49' : 7-9 has at I23'i : 23"'$ ; double comes ; 8-4, 10-3 : 8o'5 : i"-g. Bies. 53- 4 : 1^-3 : '03 : Bin. ? 2:2443. xix h o m> 4, N. 14 39': 8'2, 8'6 : 3i2'8 : 6^-3. Holmes triple, 30' N. E 2439. xix h o m 7, S. 7 16' : 8, 9 : i99'5 : 22". 15 (HA. 598)- xix h o m 7, S. 4 9' : 6, 7 : ft 2o8'3 : 37"'2 w., or yw., red lilac. Y., ruddy purple, '50. 5 (j5 287). xix h i m 7, N. 13 44' : 3, 12 : 56'9 : $"-6. Has been seen with 9to-in. achr. A curious stream of stars np. S 2446. xix h i m '9, N. 6 25' : 6-3, 8-3 : i54'4 : io"'i : w., blsh. Triple, nearly in line 8, 10, 14 (Phillips, ii mag. : 343'2 : 34^-8). 2:2447. xix h 2 m '4, S. i 29' : 67, 9-1 : 345 : if* - ft, comes, 14 ; 190 : 13" '9. 2:2449. xix h 2 m '5, N. 7 i' : 7-1,7-8: 292'3: 8". 30 THE STARRY HEAVENS. j3 1204. xix h 8 m -i, N. 2 29' : 77, 8'5 : 3'8 : o"'4, four 14 mag. comites ; a distant n mag. makes 2 2476 : 214 : 3i"'5. j3 139. xix h 9 m -o, N. 16 43' : De., 67, 8'o : i39'5 : 0*7. Distant 7*5 yellow, and several faint stars. OZS 178. xix h n m 7, N. 14 57' : 5-5, 7-5 : 267 -8 : 89^-6. 6, 8 : y., pale lilac, np of two 6 mag., the other is 2^2489 : 6-5, 9-5 : 349'5 : 8"-2 : w., o. (Fr., bl.). Very delicate. 02:370. xix h I3 m '2, N. 9 12': 7'5, 8-2: i4-6: 19^6: redsh., blsh. Fixed. 23 (2:2492). xix h I4 m '5, N. o 56' : 5-5, 9-5 : n-i : 3"'4 : y., bl. H. and Sm. found comes increasingly visible with higher powers, which struck me independently. Not perceived with 80, it was dis- tinctly seen with 144. )8, comes 137, 60 '6 : 12^5 . 2 2494 rej. xix b 15^3, S. 6 47': Fr., '15 : 7, 10 : 82'2 : 25"' 7: ruddy or., bl. Fine colours. 28(02:2:179). xix h i5 m '9,N.i2i3': De, 5-8,8-2: I75'2 : 6o 7/ '3 : y., azure. 6, 9 : y., lilac ? : '55. 2 2497. xix h i6 n -i, N. 5 26' : 6-9, 8 : 358 : 30" : ysh., w. A fine object. Fixed. 2:2498. xix h i6 m> 2, N. 3 53': 7-2, 7-8: 66 7 : i2 /7 -2 : y., purpsh. Fixed. 26. xix h i6 m '3, S. 5 34' : 5 m g serves as a guide to h. 881, 2 m 25" p : 7-5, with double comes (9-5, 9-5, Doo., 3o6'9 : 6"'9) at 340'6 : 33 /x '2. Or. and two blue. Ho, comes to 7-5, 12 '2 : 6i'2 : 15^7. 2 2510. xix h I9 m '5, N. 9 21 : 8-5, 8-5 : i8i7 : 8*7 : A., doubles A. : 8-4, 9-6 : 195 : o"'2. 2 2513. xix h 2i m -o, N. 2 17' : 8-2, 8-8 : 313 : 2"'2 : yw. Schj. 22. xix h 23 m 7, S. 12 18' : 7, 7 : De., 3i77 : i"'4 : Doo.,338'3: i"'8 : '05. Bin. AQUILA. 31 2:2519. xix b 23 m> 8, S. 9 42' : 8, 8'i : 124 -2 : n"'2. 27 2533. xix b 26 m -o, S. o 37' : 7-2, 9 : 2i2'2 : 23"'2. 2:2532. xix h 26 m> 2, N. 2 44': 6, 10-2: 5: 34"'9. (ft '05 : 33"*6) : gold, o. Comes readily visible '50, '55. even considerably out of focus, and several hours past meridian, or. and gr. De., 10, '66 : K., 11-12, '71. A pretty pair, very unequal, np (272531: 7^97: 2 9 -8: 3i"'4)- 27 2537. xix h 29 m '4, S. 4 21' : 8-3, 87 : 130 : 19"-!. p, (j3 653). xix b 30 m> 2, N. 7 13' : 4-5 : has double comes (12-3, 13 : i957 : 5"'i) at 274'9 : 2i"'4. 37. xix h 30 m 7, S. 10 44' : 5-5, has within about i/ 30' n, three pairs. 27 2541 : 8'2, 9-8 : 340 : 2"-8 : y., o. ()3 33'6 : 4"'2 : '03). 27 2545 : 6'2, 8'i : 3I5'2 : 3"*5 : w., bl., with dist. comes, var. ? 27 2547 : 77 9 : 332'3 : 2O r/ 7 : w., and a star with minute double comes (j3, 10*3, ii'i : 286 : X (027 380). xix h 38 m -8, N. 11 38' : 6,7: 74 -3 : o /x '5 : y., v.y. Fixed. 2:2562. xix h 38 m> 9, N. 8 ii 7 : 6-5, 8'2 : 252'6 : 27"'2 : yw., ash : several minute points near, 9-in. spec., comes 10 m g , closely sp. ip lies a pretty pair, 9-5, II : and again, not far sp a very fine field. 27 2567. xix h 4o m '4, N. 12 n' : 77, 9-5 : 315^7 : i8"'i. 27 2570. xix h 4i m -2, N. 10 35' : 7-3, 9-5 : 276'2 : 4 //> i. h.895. xix h 4 i m -8, N. i ^: ]8, 87, 10-5, 9-1 : 207^7, i6-8 : i4"-2, 28 /r -5 : comes to 9-1, 137 : I24*2 : 4"'6. Three pairs here in a line, and three more further off, all 9 mag. white. y. xix b 42 m '5, N. 10 25' : 3 : very fine y., Beauti- ful field with a curious double-curved row of stars a little s. 3' s is j3 55 : 9-6, 97, 9-6 : 28 -3, 26o'6 : 32 THE STARRY HEAVENS. 3"'7> 33"'3 : all seen by Wa. with 4^-in. achr. It is now brighter than j8, which may imply a change in one of the stars ; though in many instances Bayer, who affixed the Greek letters in 1603, seems not to have been entirely influenced by m g . 8 (with several delicate comites) is in a beautiful neighbourhood. Pair. xix h 44-1, N. 9 50' : 8-5, 9-5 : est. 300 : 50" : pale or. red, pale y. TT (2 2583). xix b 44 m '9, N. 11 37' : 6, 6-8 : I2O7 : i"'5 : ysh. (Ph., '14 : H4'2 :) y., green, '50. Sm., pale w. 5 grnsh, '36. Se., y., bl., '55. De.,bothw. 5 '64 ; red. w., azure w., '69. Fr., as 2, '79, great divergence as to cols. Not single 80, very close 144, good test. 5j-in. showed 14 mag. star np. 27 2587. xix h 47 m '5, N. 3 53' : 6-5, 9-2 : 98'6 : 4"'! : gold, o. 272589. xix h 48 m '5, N. o 26' : 8,8-4: 297 -6 : 5"'i. 272590. xix h 48 m '5, N. 10 9': 7-1, 10 : 309 -2 : 13" -5. W., '64 : pale or., bl., '65. Sa., v. w., '74, light test moderate apertures. Minute pair p, a little s. Doo., 10 -5, ii '5 : 45 -6 : io"'9, also another : ii '6, 12 '2 : 271 '9 : 6"'6. All the three, in same low-powered field. 272591. xix h 49 m> 3, S. 6 13': 7-5, 8-5: io8-6: 29 //> 2 : yw., w. 57(272594). xix h 50^3, S. 8 28' : 5-2, 6*2: i7i'i : 35"'6 : v. w. Distinctly contrasted, '51 ; pale y., pale lilac, cols, entirely diff.,'55 ; a totally independent obs., as I had not identified the object ; pale y., blsh. or grnsh., certainly unlike, 9-in., '71. K., w., v. pale bl. '71. De., yw., azure w., '72. Sa., as K., '75. Fr., ysh. w., blsh., or lilac, '76. Should be watched as two of first observers have attested the similarity of cols. AQUILA. 33 S 2596. xix h 50 m< 4, N. 15 5' : 7-2, 8'6 : 353 : 2"-i : ysh., ash. ft, '05 : 327-8 : i"-g. ft 659. xix h 5o m -8, N. 6 56' : 6J, 12-5 : 3i7'3 : I2"'3. 2:2597. xix h 5i m -o, S. 6 57' : 6-9,8: 92'!: 1^-9. Bies., '03 : 89'! : I*'!, c.p.m. ft (Lament). xix h 5i m '4, N. 6 13' : OS, 3-4, 11-3 : 17-! : 12" -4 : '52. ft, '04 : I3'6. c.p.m. ^2612. xix h 57 m -5, N. 6 42': 7-8, 8-8: 52'8 : 36"6. 08, 'oi : 38"'9). 2:2613. xix h 57 m -6, N. 10 31' : 7, 7-2 : 35o7 : 4*7 : yw. S 2618. xix 5 9 -8, N. 15 14' : 8-6, 8-9 : ii5'5 : 5"- 3 . 272621. xx b o m 7, N. 9 i' : 77, 7-9 : 222 : 5*7. j3 57. xx h i m -8, N. 15 16' : De., 6-1, 10-6 : n8'9 : 2^3. 2 m /, 34' w is 27 2609 rej. : De., 7-2, 103 : i87'8 : 9". 27 2628. xx h 4 m -o, N. 9 io' : 6% 8'2 : 349 : 4"'$ : yw., purp. 2:2634. xx h 5 m - 9 , N. 16 34' : 8, 9'5 : I37 : 6 "'4 : yw., bl. H., red, deeper red : but he was partial to red tints. I thought 8 w., '50 ; so De. (7-5, 9-2), '67, and Fr., '76. Pair. xx h y m '0, N. 9 57' : 9, 10 . pale ruby, bl. Very pretty. Ph., 282'6 : 35^2 : 9-2, 10-5, another 4'**3587: 14^93: 10,11-2. HA. 671. xx h 7 m -2, S. o 22' : 27, 7-5, 8 : ft, 2o6'2 : 55^-4. ysh., blsh., '50, '71. i n of 6. 2 2636. xx h 7 m '4, S. 4 50' : 8'2, 9-2 : 20i'8 : i2 // '5. 2:2646. xx h io m -i, S. 6 18' : 7,8-8: 5i6 : 24^7. ft, '05 : 47'3 : 2i //< 9 : from p.m. 272651. xx h io m -2, N. 15 55' : 8, 8 : 279 -9 : i"6. 02:2:202. xx h io m '3, N. 6 21': De., 6-9, 7-3: i92'9 : 43"-4 : w. ? W., bl, '71. K., both w., '71. Sa, coarse pair, s.f. 2:2654. xx h n m -o, S. 3 45' : 6-2,77: 233 -9 : 13^-9: w. 8, 9 : y. ? bl. ? '55 : De., 6-5, 77. VOL. II. D 34 THE STARRY HEAVENS. . xx b I5 m 7, S. 2 30' : 7-5, 87 : 342'4 : 24"'$ : w. Fr., 87, lilac, '76. ^2670. xx h i8 m -5, N. 16 / : 8-3, 87, 107 : i5i'3, 77^7 : 30" -6, i6"'5 : yw.,o. 2:2677. xx h 20 m -6, N. o 49': 6, 10-5: 28 -8 : 33*-!. Comes steady with 3^-in., a good test. De., 10-3. s of two 7 m g . stars, the other fine or. 2:2679. xx h 20 m -8, N. 19 19': 7-4, 87: 79 -8: zi"-g. Fr., '14 : 2 3 "-i. S 749. xx h 2 3 m -3, S. 2 22' : 2, 7-2, 8-2 : ft i8 9 -8 : 59^6. W., grey ; '50, '55 ; so Sa., '75 ; Fr., pale y., greyish w., '76. Each has a faint comes. Field, if large, very fine. 69. xx b 25 m 'i, S. 3 9' : 5 m g . has a pretty triangles 2?, one of which is 68, 7 m*. Pair. xx h 3O m , N. i 8' : 7, 9-10 : wide ; or., blue, s in a triangle. Ph., 8-5, iro : 359'6 : 29*7. STARS WITH REMARKABLE SPECTRA, AND VARIABLES. T (var.). xvm h 4i m< 9, N. 8 39' : 8'8-io : irr. : Winnecke. Es.-Birm. 576. xvm h 53 m '5, N. o 21' : 9*2 : K. Bond. IV? Es. Es.-Birm. 578. xvni h 54 m> 9, N. 14 15' : 9*0 : E. Lament. IV Du. Es., var. V (var.). xix h o m 'i, S. 5 48' : 6-5 to 8 : Knott. IV. R (var.). xix h 2 m '5, N. 8 6': 5-8 < 12: 355* : Bonn. U (var.). xix h 25 m 'O, S. 7 13' : 6 '2-6 -9 : f : Sawyer. Es.-Birm. I. 507. xix h 29 m '8, N. 5 17': 6-9: red or. B. Ill : D'A. rj (var.). xix h 48^4, N. o 48' : 3-5-47 7V I4 m Kgott. Type II. Star. xix h 57 m -3, N. 9 if : 87 : IV : Pickering. S(var.). xx h 7 m '9, N. 15 21': 8-4-11-8: I46 d 7: Baxendell. ARGO NAVIS. 35 CLUSTERS AND NEBULA. 6705 (M. n). xvm h 46 m> 6, S. 6 22'. Noble fan-shaped cl., " magnifica innumerabilium stollarum coacervatio " (D'A.) ; at the upper edge of the broad luminous cloud which marks the shield of Sobieski. Sin. compares it to a flight of wild ducks. H., stars II m g . divided into 5 or 6 groups, noted independently with 5i'i n - An 8 mg - star is a little within its apex ; an open 8 m g . pair s/beyond it. H., just visible to naked eye. Sometimes placed in Scutum Sobieskii. Ellison notes " dark structures " plainly visible. 6709. Beautiful wide group, xvm h 47 m< 7, N. 10 15', 9-5-11 m g . 6724 (h. 2024). xvm h 53 m '3, N. 10 15'. Interesting field. 6781 (H. Ill 743). xix h i4 m -6, N. 623'. Large round faint neb., h. plan. E. of Rosse ring or spiral. Curious line of 4 stars 8 m g ., xix h 22 m , N. 12 14'. Wide group, xix h 25, N. 11 32'. Long narrow trapezium, xx b 9 '9, N. 16 i'. ARGO NAVIS. A constellation of vast extent, the most brilliant objects of which are invisible in England. The great nebula seems to be the centre from which Helium stars radiate in one direction into Scorpio, in the other to Orion, following the preceding branch of the Milky Way. The Bifurcation of the Milky Way commences in Argo, and while the Helium stars take the preceding section, the V-type stars take a central position, and other especial Galactic objects take the following : The V-type stars abound in the South of Argo, and their mean deviation from the central circle of the 36 THE STARRY HEAVENS. Galaxy is less than 2. A similar distribution is found in the great Megallantic Cloud. A probable explanation of the Galaxy is that of two circles of stars which may be characterized, one as containing Helium stars, the other Gaseous neb., etc., intersecting in Argo, and again in Cepheus. We may not look upon them, however, as unrelated, but rather as strata of one epoch, differing in arrangement of material. The vast constellation has been subdivided into puppis, carina, malus, etc., but it is thought better to include all the objects under " Argo." DOUBLE STARS. )8 578. vn h 23 m -6,S.i742': 6-5,11-8: Doo.,455: 2""$. 27 HOI. vn h 25 m -i, S. 13 39' : 9> 9 : ^9'3 : 6*-2. 2:1104. vn h 25*7, S. 14 49': 67, 8-3: 292'4: 2^3. Jouffra, '03 : 332 -4 : R.M. Two dist: comites. TLh. 269. vn h 30 m '9, S. 23 18' : Wilson, 6, 6 : 109'6 : 9". w., or pale y., '51, '56 np rather larger ; so Se., (red, blue) '56 ; Gore, '75. Howe pair 14' s : Wilson, 8, 9 : 203-8 : i"-8. 27ii2i. vn h 32 m '9, S. 14 18' : 7-2, 7-5: 304 7 : f-$ : w. 33 sec. p is S 1120: 6-5,9-5: 35'3 : I9"'6. *(h. 273). vn h 35 m -5, S. 26 37' : )3, 4-1, 4-1 : 3 i8 '5 : 10". w. or pale y. '51. )3 comes to B : 229 -3 : 6"'5 : I3'8m g . See 84. vn h 36 m '7, S. 19 28' : 5-8, 11 : 287'4 : 9^-3. 2 (2 1138). vn h 4i m -8, S. 14 30' : 6-2, 7 : 339'2 : i6"'5 ; w., pale bl., '51. In field with 4, 5 m g . pale y. About i 20' s a wide pair (K., 6-4, 6-4 : 310 7 : 128*) deep or. '64. 5 (27 1146). vn h 44 m -2, S. 12 o' : 5-3, 7-4 : if-$ : 3" -3 : ysh., bl. Pale y., ruddy, '51. So Fr., '77 : c.p.m. (]3 1063). vn h 45 m '9, S. 24 39' : 3'7> I3'8 ARGO NAVIS. 37 See 87. vn h 46 m '2, S. 19 59' : 6, 14-8 : I44'5 : 4^-5. 9 (ft 101). vn h 48 m 'i, S. 13 41' : De., 5-6, 67 : rapid bin. , 23*3 yrs. In 1921 it will be at its greatest distance : o"'6 at 294 -3. A., '12, 76-! : o*'2, angle increasing, ii. vn h 53 m '4, S. 22 40' : 4*9 : guides to a beautiful triangle. B. See 95. vn b 59 m -o, S. 20 6' : 6-5, 14 : I9i'6 : 13"-$. ft 203. vn h 59 m '3, S. 27 20' : 7, 9 : 245'! : f'i. 271178. vm b o m -o, S. 12 59' : 9,9: 330 'i : 4^-8. Ho. 352. vm b 5 m> 8, S. 16 i' : 6, 127 : i85'4 : 5**3- 19 (ft 1064). viii h 7 m -6, S. 12 41' : 6, 12-5 : 244^2 : 2"'3, distant 14 mag., and more distant 9 mag. I. 489. vm h 27 m '9, S. 19 18' : 5'4> 5* i<>7 0> 9 : 0^5. ft 207. vm h 35 m 'i, S. 19 27' : De., 6-5, 10-5 : I03'6 : 4"'3. 6-5 red. ft 208. vin h 35 m> i, S. 22 27' : 6, 9 : 30 : i"'4. A., '12 : I92'3 : o"*6. Bin., with p.m. of o"^ annually. See 106. vm b 4i m< 2, S. 23 30' : 6, double comes (12, 127 : 333 : 3*'2) at 22 4'4 : i/'S- Innes. ix h 4 m '5, S. 25 32' : 4-8, 10-3 : 262'8 : 2*'i. ft 410. ix h 6 m '3, S. 25 29' : 7-6, 8-6 : i6i-2 : 1*7. e (h. 4183). ix b 6 m -6, S. 30 3' : 6J, 9 J: Wilson, 157-! : 17^7. Innes. ix b i8 m 'O, S. 25 37' : 4-9, 9-9 : 60 2 //> 5. Jacob 5. ix b 23 m '3, S. 28 26' : J3, 6-3, 7-1 : 244^8 : i*. See 113. ix b 26 m '4, S. 26 14' : 6, 14-8 : 178-! : 4^-1. Ho. 371. x b 2 m> 2, S. 30 29' : 6-5, 12 : 4O 0> 6 : 6^-4. h. 4321. x b 25 m *9, S. 30 12' : 6, 10 : Jacob, 225^4 : K/-6. STARS WITH REMARKABLE SPECTRA, AND VARIABLES. Es.-Birm. 232. vn b 22 m '5, S. 20 48' : 8 : ft. Ill ? Es. Es.-Birni. 238. vn b 30 m '3, S. 14 22' : 5-8 : B. III. Du. 38 THE STARRY HEAVENS. o Puppis. vii h 44 m '8, S. 25 42' : 5'3 : Hy. Fleming. Es.-Birm. 253. vn h 46*2, S. 13 53' : 7-2 : Yr. Kon. U(var.). vn h 57 m -3,S.i238': 8-5-14-5: 3i5 d . Pickering. KU (var.). viii b 4 m< i, S. 22 40' : 8'6- ? : IV. Fleming. Es.-Birm. 268. vm h 2i m< 6, S. 23 47' : 5'8 : K. Sm. III. S (var.). ix h 27 m '9, S. 28 n' : 6-3-6-8 : o d> 324. Paul. CLUSTERS AND NEBULA. 2409. vn h 28 m> 2, S. 17 i' : brilliant group, 8-10 m g . 2422 (H. VIII 38). vii h 32 m '9, S. 14 18'. Grand broad group, visible to the naked eye, too large even for 64 ; some brilliant 5 or 6 m g . stars, including S 1121, which see supra. About 2j/is a group round 4, 5 m g . A fiery 5 m g . (B. 7 m g .) leads the region (Es.-Birm. 238). 2437 (M. 46). vii h 38 m -i, S. 14 38'. Beautiful circular cloud of small stars (H. 10 m g .) about J in diam. : a little p the group round 4, nearer to it than 2422. 2438, a feeble neb. on its N. verge is in La.'s 20-ft. refl., ' an astonishing and interesting object ' ; he and E. of Rosse see it annular : so Buffham, 9~in. ' With.' 2440 (H. IV 64). vn h 38 m< 3, S. 18 i'. Plan. neb. bright ; pale blsh. w. ; H., 12" or 15". With my 64, like a dull 8 m g . star : with more power, small, brilliant, undefined, sur- rounded with a little very faint haziness. In a glorious neighbourhood. E. of Rosse, a red star 9-10 m 8 ./. 2447 (M. 93). vn h 4i m< 2, S. 23 4.' Bright cl. in a rich neighbourhood. H., 8-13 m g . 2482. vii h 5i m> 5, S. 24 5' : very rich, 10-12 m g . 2506 (H. VI 37). vn h 56 m T, S. 10 22'. Fine broad starry cloud, from 10 m g . down to mere nebulosity ; much better with 64 than higher powers. Vicinity gorgeous. 2539 (H. VII n). vm b 7 m> o, S. 12 34'. Large loose cl. of stars, chiefly about 10 m g ., closely np 19, a 6 m g . yel. ABIES. (bright or.) star, attended by a fine group. 19 seems larger than 6 m*. to my unaided eye. ARIES. Three stars near together mark it to the naked eye, but it reaches some way further E. into a dull region. DOUBLE STABS. S 145. i h 36 m -8,N.252o': 6, i 6*-i. A (OSS 21). i h 53 m '5, N. 23 13' : De., 4-7, 6-7 : 462 : 37^-9 : w., olive, or azure. Y., blsh., '48 : y. grnsh., '49. Whitley : 6*7, rsh. lilac, '63, c.p.m. S 194. i h 54 m -8, N. 24 27' : 8,8-3: 264 'i : i"-2 : yw. S 196. i h 55 m 'i> N. 20 38' : 8-5, n, 9-2 : 55'5> i67'4 2"- 4 , 39 // '5. ft'o3,49'5: i65'i. S 200. i h 57 m '2, N. 23'43' : 8-5, 9 : I24'2 : 8". 40 THE STARRY HEAVENS. 10(27208). i h 59 m -2, N. 25 33' : 6-2,8-4: 25-2 : 2": y., ash. A., '12, 936 : o"'4. Bin. B. triplet in field sf. 2 212. n h i m -8, N. 24 44' : 8, 8-5 : i65'9 : 2"- ii (Ho. 312). n h 2 m '3, N. 25 20' : 6-5, 12 : 330'! : i"'i. 14 (OZZ7 23). n h 4""8, N. 25 34' : 4-9, 8-5, 77 : j3 }3 67, 2 7 8-3 : 93"- 3 , 105*7. 2 224. n h 6 m -6, N. 13 18' : 7-5, 8 : 242^4 : 5" : yw., w. 2 237. n h n m '4, N. 10 24' : 8-4, 8-7 : 238'5 : i4"-6. 2 240. n h I2 m 7, N. 23 30' : 77, 8-2 : 48 : 4*7. 2 244. n h I3 m -o, N. 21 52' : 8-8, 9 : 289'8 : 4"'4. 2 261. n h 20 m -o, N. 11 8' : 8-6, 87 : 249^2 : 3" : yw. 2:271. n b 25 m '9, N. 24 53' : 6-5, n : i8o'5 : ii'-g. 2 273. n h 27 m '6, N. 18 2' : 77, 87 : 358'3 : 6"-g. 30 (21 5). n h 32 m '3, N. 24 19': 6-1, 7-1: De., 273'3: 38 x/> 6 : w., y. or azure. Y., blsh. grey, '50 : y., pale lilac, '56. Main both w., equal '63 : De., 5 -4, 6'6 : Sa. not I m g . difl., '74 : Fr. not more than 0-5 m g . '76. 33 (2:289). n h 36 m 'o, N. 26 44' : 5-8, 87 : 35 9 '4 : 28"'5 : y., o. W., blsh., 87 very small, '50. 27' s is 02:43: 7-2,8-8: 93: o"-5. 2 291. n h 36 m '6, N. 18 2/ : 7-4, 7-7 : 119 : 3"'3- p, (jS 522). n h 37 m -8, N. 19 40' : 6, 12-5 : 263'9 : i9"-4. j3 306. ii h 39 m -2, N. 25 18' : 6-4, n : Doo., 2O'i : 3 /x -2. 2:305. n h 42 m '9, N. 19 2' : 7-3, 8-2 : 33O'9 : i"'6 : y. Motherwell : 3I4'8 : 3 /7 -2 : '08. 41 (02:47 rej.). n h 43 m -2, N. 26 56' : 4-1, ii'2, n : 26i'6, 203 : 2Q"'8, 34 /7 '4- 77(2:311). n h 44 1B -8,N.i7 8 / : 4-9,8-4,10-2: ii9'3, no-i: 3""$, 25"'2. H., 10-2 brighter than 8-4, 1782. Neither seen '55 ; 9-5, 13, 9-in. '71. So Sa., '74. De., 5-5, 8-2, ii. Fr., 10-2 more like 13 or 14, '76. AURIGA. 41 (2:333). n h 54 m> 6, N. 21 2' : 57,6: i88 - 9 : o"'5 : '30. Greenwich, '02 : 203 : i*'2. Buff ham, divided 4i-in. * With ' '69. 27 338. n b 57 m> 5, N. 10 33' : 8'2, 8-5 : 20O'3 : 2o"'i. 27 342. m h o m -2, N. 27 37' : 8-3, 8-8 : 3o6'6 : 3"-!. 52(2:346). m h o m 7, N. 24 57': 6, 6, 10-8 : 264'5, 357-2 : o"7, 5"'2. 6-5 notched, 450, 5j-in., '61. 27 376. m h I5 m 7, N. 19 27' : 7-9, 8 : 35i'2 : 6"-8. 66 03 878). m h 23 m *8, N. 22 32' : 6, 12'2 : 78 : i"-i. STARS WITH REMARKABLE SPECTRA, AND VARIABLES. S (var.). n h o m '3, N. 12 9' : 9-1 < 16 : 292^2 : Peters. V (var.). n b io m 7, N. 11 53' : 8-9 : IV. Fleming. R (var.). n h n m -6, N. 24 41' : 7*5-137 : 186*7 : AT. T (var.). n h 43 m *9, N. 17 10' : 7 '9-10 'I : 313 d : Auwers. p. n h 5i m '3, N. 18 i' : 6 : III : Vogel. U(var.). m h 6 m< 6, N. 14 29' : 7-13: 370 d : Schaeberle. AURIGA. The leader of this beautiful constellation, Capella (v h io m 7, N. 45 56'), is very brilliant, h. and 27 think it has increased, h. classed it decidedly above Wega in 1847, other- wise than he had formerly, and, therefore, second in the heavens. So Galle and Heis ; with me, Wega takes pre- cedence ; but the objects are distant, and differ in colour, w. and sapphire, and, as Sm. observes, this difference may influence estimates of size. Ptolemy, El Fergani (loth cent.), and Riccioli, have all called Capella red. Its parallax, as deduced by 027, shows amazing distance, far exceeding that of some smaller stars, and requiring nearly II y. for the transmission of its light to us. Peters, 42 THE STARRY HEAVENS. however, prefers 70 y. Spect. Bin. Barnard, comes : 16 : 22 '6 : 46" '6 ; several others more distant and brighter. DOUBLE STABS. 2 572. iv b 33 m '5, N. 26 47' : 6*5, 6-5 (vars.) : 2io'3 : 3"'2 : ysh. : '30. Bowyer '03 : 2Oi'3. 2:577. iv h 36-8, N. 37 22': 77, 77: 278 7 : i"'6. Ph., '14 ; 59 -8 : i"- 4 . S 603. iv h 48 m -i, N. 49 27' : 8, 8-2 : 238'6 : 8"'4. 2 613. iv h 53 m -8, N. 44 i' : 77, 87, 117 : io6'6, i8'8 : i 9 "-8, i5"-8. ft '03 : io 4 -3, i6'2 : i6"- 4 , 15^8. co (2:6i6). iv h 53 m -8, N. 37 4 /: 4, 7-9 : 35 i -9 : 6^5 : grnsh., blsh. w. W., ruddy, '50 : an unusual combination, plainer with 80 than 250 ; so Fr., '77. c.p.m. 5 (02792). iv h 54 m -8, N. 39 i/ : 6, 97: 230 -i : 2^8 : ysh. Lewis, '03 : 253. 2:619. iv h 55 m -i, N. 50 9' : 87, 87 : 106 : 5^4. A, '97 : i2i-2 : 4 "'5. 2:623. iv h 54"^ N - 27 13': 6-8, 8-3: 205-!: 20" -4. Fr., w., bl. 2 621. iv h 56 m -i, N. 39 5' : 9, 9 : i 3 i c - 4 : 9 "-8. 9 ( 1046). iv h 5 9 m 7, N. 51 30' : 5-5, 127 : 938 : 6 /7 '3. 2:645. v h 4 m 7, N. 27 56' : 6-2, 8'2 : 26-8 : 11^7 : w., ash. j3, comes double : 87, 9*2 : 75'3 : o"'4. 2:644. v h 4^-9, N. 37 12' : 67, 7: 2i9-2 : i"'6 : gold, blsh. red ; remarkable and constant cols. De., gr-,r. 2:648. v h 5 m - 9 , N. 31 56' : 7-4, 8-1 : 7 4 - 3 : 4*7 : ysh, blsh. 14 (2:653). v h io m -i, N. 32 36' : 5, n, 7-2 : 342'4, 225'5 : 12" '6, I4"'6 : grnsh., o., blsh. w. Pale y., lilac, '50. So Fr., '77. n, pretty steady, 9j-in. AURIGA. 43 spec. ; glimpsed by Miss Mitchell, 5-in. achr., '61. 027, '95 : 351 : ii"'4- 27 666. v h n m -8, N. 33 15' : 8, 8 : 7i'3 : 3". 27 657. v h i2 m -4, N. 52 44' : 7-5, 8 : 273'9 : 1^4. Doo., '97 : 283'!. 16 (027103). v h i2 m -9, N. 33 if : 5*2, n : 56'6 : 4 // '5 : y., o. c.p.m. Wa., glimpsed 4^-in. achr. Es., seen 5-in. Es., pair 12 sec. /, 10' n : 7-5, S'2 : 8 0< 4 : I3"'3, comes : 170 -5 : 78" : double : 11-5, "'5 : 355'5 : 4*'6 ; another, 13-8 : 3267 : 13". 27 669. v h i 3 m -i, N. 45 10' : 7-8, 8-3 : 275'5 : 9*7. 27 687. v h I 7 m -o, N. 33 43' : 8*2, 9, 9-2 : 67^6, I53'5 : I7"'2, 48"7. Es., pale or., 2 bl. j8, 9-2, double : 246'9 : o"'9. 27 sec./, 23' s is )3 887 : 9, 10-5, 12 : 194 '3, 332 '8 : i", io"*6, with two comites, 13-5 : H2'8, 20i'6 : g"^, 14^-8. Lewis, pair (at 35i-6 : 38 // '2), 12-5, 13*5 : 359'5 : 2 /x '3. a (j8 888). v h I9 m> 2, N. 37 19' : 6, 12 : i66'3 : 8"'6. Comes, 14-2 : 330 '5 : 27"*2 ; another more distant. 27698. v b i 9 m -9, N. 34 47': 6'2, 77: 346 -2 : 31^-1: y., blsh. Beautiful. 27 699. v h 20 m -2, N. 37 58' : 7-3, 8 : 342'9 : 8"'8. 27 706. v h 2i m< o, N. 30 17' : 8-2, 9-3 : 36'8 : 3*7. Lewis, '04 : 427 : 4"'2. 27 718. v h 26 m> 2, N. 49 20' : 7-2, 7-2 : 74^ : f'8. 27 737. v h 3 i m -i, N. 34 5' : 8*2, 8-5 : 305 : 10^7. 27736. v h 3i m 4, N. 41 47' : 7-2,8-5: 342 -4 : 2": w., blsh. j8, '04 : 352-2 : 2"'3. 26 (27753). v h 33 m -5, N. 30 27' : 5-8, 8-0 : 268-o : 12^-3 : y., blsh. Y., violet, '50. doubles, 5-8 : 5-6, 6 -o : 334-4 : o"-i5 : '92. Bowyer, '03 : 332'5- Morton, comes ; j8, n : 112 -4 : 33 // '2. Du., 4th, fainter. 27 764. v h 36 m -2, N. 29 30' : 6-3, 6-8 : 13 -8 : 25" -9. 44 THE STARRY HEAVENS. 27 778. v" 38-9, N. 30 54' : 77, 9 : 185 : 3"'2 : yw., o. Ho. 19. v 4 2 m -6, N. 35 8' : 6-5, 12-5 : 3 4 2-2 : 7". r (0 192). v 43 m -6, N. 39 9' : 5, 12, 12 : 352, 34 : 39"'3> 48" -5. Ellison, good test object. 27 791. v" 44-5, N. 39 33' : 87, 9-3 : 9O-2 : 4 "- 9 . 27796. v h 44-7, N. 31 46' : 6-9, 8 : 6i-2 : 3"'6 : w., bl. w. 27799. v h 46-7, N. 38 33': 7-2, 8-3: I92'5: i"-i. Bowyer, '03 : 184 -I. 27 802. v h 46 m '9, N. 40 8' : 7-9, 8-5 : io87 : 3"'2. 27 805. v h 46-7, N. 28 26' : 77, 8-4 : 48'4 : I2*'i. 27 808. v h 477, N. 29 46' : 8-5, 8-5 : 57 -4 : 16". De., comes, ii -6 : 165 7 : 2" -9. j8 (Barnard). v h 53-7, N. 44 56'. A., 2-1, 14-0 : i8i'4 : I2"'6. Spect. Bin. 30' s is a fine pair, H#., 209. Es., 7i, 9-6 : 328 0< o : 32* -8 : or., bl. p, comes : 11-5: 332'9: i"-6. 2j m ^ 5 ft 32' n is an 8-5 m g . R. An or., 8 m g ., 30 sec. /ft 2' w. (027545). v h 54-3, N. 37 13' : 3, 7-5 : 5 -6 : 2 // 'i : two minute comites. Lau., '07 : 338 7. 27 825. v h 56 m -2, N. 36 31' : 7-8, 9 : i46-2 : 8 /7 -2. 27 834. v h 59-5, N. 30 15' : 8, 8-8 : 307 -9 : 22' / - 9 . ft 893. v h 5 9 m -5, N. 37 58' : 6-2, 12-5 : 128 : i/-6. 027 129. vi h i m '3, N. 29 31' : 6-3, 11-2 : 209'5 : 9 // '9. Webb. vi h 2 m '5, N. 43 9' : 7-5, 9-5 : w., grey. Es., 216 -i : 43' 7 -6 ; another pair, i m 49 8 /: 6 -8, 10-5 : 2i4-8 : 15^-4. 41(27845). vi* 5 m '5, N. 48 44': 5-2, 6-4: 353'i : 8". Comes tawny, or violet, '52. c.p.m. 2786i. vi h 6 m -2, N. 30 42': 8-2, 8-2: 3i8-2 : i"-6 : Trip., 7-8 : 14 7 : 67"-!. Fr., '15 : 17 -9 : 64^-4. 27 872. vi h io m '3, N. 36 n' : 6, 7 : 217 -4 : ii' x : w., '28 ; pale y., pale lilac, '72 ; so Fr., '77. De., w., '65. AURIGA. 45 vi h i3 m -6, N. 39 48': 8-2, 87, 10-4: 263'4, 257'8 : 3"'3, 28*7. 2 884. vi h I4""5, N. 47 9' : 8-5, 8-5 : 270 : 5 : Es. Es.-Birm. 156. v h 42 m 7, N. 44 49' : 9-2 : R. : IV ? Es. Es.-Birm. 158. v h 43 m '0, N. 30 36' : 8-5 : R. : IV : D'A. 77. v h 53 m -8, N. 45 56' : 4-8 : R. : III : Se. Es.-Birm. 177. vi h I2 m 7, N. 33 15' : 9-1 : R. : Es. V (var.). vi h i8 m -o, N. 47 43' : 9-11-7 : 352 d : IV : Es. RT (var.). vi h 23^4, N. 30 33' : 5*0-5-6 : 3*75. Ast- bury. Es.-Birm. 192. vi h 3i m '0, N. 38 31' : 6-3 : IV : Se. AURIGA. 47 CLUSTERS, NEBULJB, AND GROUPS. Fine field <. v h I3 m '5, N. 40 2', including A 5 m g . Wa. 1857 (H. VII 33)." v h I4 m '6, N. 39 16'. Splendid region. 19. v b I4 m> 5, N. 33 53'. Grand large field. 1907 (H. VII 39). v h 22 m 7, N. 35 15' : D'A., very large cl. of minute stars arranged in curves. 11-13 mg - Ellison ; 5 in., faint. 1912 (M. 38). v h 23 m '3, N. 35 46'. Noble cl. arranged as oblique cross : pair of larger stars in each arm ; brighter star in centre ; not brighter than pairs '71, '77. Larger stars dot it prettily with open doubles. Glorious neigh- bourhood. 1931 (H. I 261). v h 26 m< i, N. 34 n'. Haze surround- ing 4 minute stars, 9J-in. spec., '73, '76. H., 3 only in 3 obs. D'A., 5 ; E. of Kosse, 6 ; oval with branches. 1960 (M. 36). v h 3i m -o, N. 34 5'. Beautiful assem- blage of stars 8 to 14 m g ., very regularly arranged. 2709 (M. 37). v h 47 m *i, N. 32 32'. Sm. calls this * a magnificent object ; J the whole field being strewed, as it were, with sparkling gold-dust ; and the group is resolvable into about 500 stars, from 10 to 14 m g ., besides the outliers. Even in smaller instruments extremely beautiful, one of the finest of its class. Gaze at it well and long. K. notices a brighter star near centre, Burton : ruby : 10, Es. : 9*0 : pale red. All the stars in the mass must be nearly at the same distance from us, and consequently their real sizes must be different. The aspect of the Nubecula Major in the S. hemisphere convinced h. of this : it is ocular proof of the incontrovertible, though long discredited fact, that the apparent brightness of stars has very little connection with 48 THE STARRY HEAVENS. their distance from the Earth. E. of Rosse, wonderful loops and curved lines of stars, first remarked by D'A. BOOTES. A fine constellation, of which the leader, Arcturus (xiv h I2 m 'i, N. 19 38'), is placed next to Sirius and before Wega, by H. and h. ; Seidel gives Wega precedence. Fletcher has rated it alternately above and below Capella. (The Harvard Photometric Results give the magnitudes of these bright stars as, Sirius 1*43 ; Arcturus, 0-03 ; Capella, 0*18 ; Wega, 0*19. ) A noble object at all times, but never so interesting as when enveloped in the tail of Donati's comet, 1858, Oct. 5, and only 20' from the nucleus, it flashed out so vividly its superiority. Sm. calls it reddish yel. ; it is golden yel. to me. Schm. thought it had of late years lost all redness and was growing paler. Spect. II type. The first star seen in daytime by Morin, 1635 5 ft * s stated, however, that Galileo saw stars by day. Schm. has seen it, with the naked eye, 24 before sunset. Stone finds its heating power perceptible and considerably greater than that of Wega, which, however, can be detected. Huggins gives its heat equal to that of Regulus, and J greater than that of Sirius ; Castor showing none. Arcturus has a great annual proper motion of more than i" R.A., and nearly 2" Dec. : so that, as Humboldt says, it has moved 2 J times the Moon's diam. since the days of Hipparchus. Yet its parallax is almost insensible ; so that, according to Peters, we wait for its light more than 25 yrs. How inconceivable, then, must be its dimensions and its speed ! Besides this motion, Huggins finds with the spectroscope that it is approaching us at the rate of 55 miles per second ! Bootes is rich in pairs, poor in clusters and nebulsB. BOOTES. 49 DOUBLE STARS* /86i2. xin h 35 m -6, N. n9': 6-4,6-4: 56-!: o"'2 : '78. Bin. 23*05 yrs. Greatest separation, o""3 ; least, o //- i. A., '12 : 183 '1 : 0^*24. Angle increasing, i (2 1772). xin b 36 m -2, N. 20 22' : 6*2, 9-1 : I487 : 4"-8 : blsh. w., v. bl. Bies., '03 : I4I'2. 7 m g . blsh., and Fl. another bl., in field. T (0^270). xm h 43 m '5, N. 17 51': 4-8, 11-4: 347* : 10^-3: grnsh. w., o. Doo., '01 : 355'8 : 8*7. II -4, var. ? Wa., 4y|)-in. achr. Sa., easy, 6j-in. spec., and fine lilac. 2 1785. xm h 45 m '5, N. 27 23' : 7-2, 7-5 : i64'4 : 3^5 : w. '30. K., v. pale y., blsh., '71, so Fr., '76. Ph., '13 : 334'o : i"'3- 022 126. xm h 47 m -6, N. 21 39' : De., 6*3, 6-8 : 208^4 : 85"'9 : w., y. Some difi. in col. '52 ; ysh., blsh. w. ?, but very little in m g ., each about 7 ; / the larger 9-in. '72. Fr., slight diff., '76. 6, fine y. 5 m g in field. 2 1793. xm h 55 m '4, N. 26 13' : 7, 8 : 242'3 : 4"'4 : w., blsh. 2 1794. xm h 56 m -o, N. 20 17' : 8-5, 87 : I29'8 : 2" : ysh. 2 1797. xm h 58 m -2, N. 19 49' : 8'2, 8-5 : 160 : 21^1. 2 1804. xiv h 4 m< 5, N. 21 34' : 8, 9 : i8'3 : 4 7/ '4 : w., bl. 2 1808. xiv h 6 m '5, N. 26 59' : 8, 9 : (747) : 2 7 '-8. 27i8io. xiv 11 8 m -o, N. 28 25' : 8-4,9: 173 -8 : i x/ -8. 2 1814. xiv b 8 1 "-!, N. 50 38' : 8-5, 9 : 256'2 : n". 2 1813. xiv h 9 m '4, N. 5 47' : 8, 8'i : 191 : 4 //< 8. 2 1816. xiv h io m '4, N. 29 29' : 7, 7-1 : 8o'2 : 1^-9 : ysh. 2 1817. xrv b io m -6, N. 27 4' : 8, 8'6 : 7 : i"'6. VOL. n. E 50 THE STARRY HEAVENS. K (2 1821). xiv h io m '6, N. 52 10' : 5-1, 7^ : 237 7 : i2"'6 : grnsh., blsh. Pale y., blsh., '50. Fr., yw., purple, '15. Widening. 27 1826. xiv h i2 m -2, N. 47 21' : 8'2, 9*2 : 315-! : 4"'4. 27 1829. xiv h i2 m -6, N. 50 49' : 77, 8-2 : I5o'3 : 5"'3- 2 1825. xiv h i2 m -8, N. 20 30' : 6'8, 8-5 : i857 : 3"*4 : w., o. Fr., ruddy or dusky, '76. Hu., '02 : I727: 4"'i. /a, in. 27 1828. xiv h I3 m> 3, N. 24 34' : 9-2, 9-2 : i6oM : i"'9. i (27 1 26). xiv h 13"% N. 51 44' : 4-9, 7-5 : De., 33'2 : 38"-! : y.w. Wy., lilac, '50. D., 7-5, purple, '48. Wa., minute comes s. c.p.m. 271834. xiv h I7 m '4, N. 48 52' : 7-1, 7-2 : H37 : i"'4 : '31. Hu., '04: single. Bryant, '08: 358'9 : o"-i3. A., 'n : 83-8 : o"-^. Bin. ? 27 1839. ^v 11 18-8, N. 54 i/ : 8-3, 8-3 : 26i'9 : i4 // '4. 271835. xiv h I9 m '4, N. 8 49': 5-5, 6'8 : i86'5 : 6"-i : grnsh. w., blsh. w. Fr., '16 : 191 : 6"'4 : w., lilac. W., pale y., sometimes bl., more usually tawny, '54 ; 9-in. '72 : an uncertainty of hue, which I have found troublesome in the smaller components of some pairs. )3, comes double : 8 '4, 8*4 : 315 '3 o"'2 : '89. A., '12 : 92'6 : o"'2. Kapid bin. 27 1838. xiv b 20 m> 3, N. 11 36' : 7-2, 7-3 : 333'4 : 8*-g. 27 1843. xiv h 2i m 7, N. 48 12' : 7-2, 87 : i88T : 2o"'i. 6 (Ward). xiv h 22 m '5, N. 52 13' : 4, 12 : Es. i8i'9 : 68"'8. 27 1850. xiv h 25 m -o, N. 28 39' : 6'i, 67 : 262'2 : 25^7 : v.w., '33. Pale y., pale bl., 9-in. spec. '72 ; so Fr., '76. A 570. xiv h 28 m -8, N. 27 2' : 6*3, 6*5 : I98'6 : o"'2. '03. Bowyer, '08 : i62'4. 271855. xiv h 29 m -o, N. 31 59' : 8-2,9-1: 248 -6 : I5"'3. 27 1858. xiv b 30 m '3, N. 35 56' : 7-2, 8 : 35'2 : 2"-2. BOOTES. 51 27 1861. xiv h 32 m< 9, N. 12 31' : 87, 9-2 : I75'5 : 14". TT (S 1864). xiv h 37 m -o, N. 16 46' : 4-9, 6 : gg-2 : 5"'8 : v.w. Bies., '03 : I03'3. 6 a little tawny or ruddy, '50. (27 1865). xiv h 37 m -5 : N. 14 5' : 3-5, 3-9 : 309'! : i"'2 : w., '30. Ph., '14 : I4i'4 : 0*7, widening. Pale y., '54. Bin. ? 1867. xiv h 37 m '3, N. 31 38' 177, 8-2: 2i-8: i"'6. A., '04 : 13 '2 : i." 'i. 2:1871. xiv h 38 m -8, N. 51 44' : 7,7: 283'2 : i"'8. Do., '03 : 294'2. 2 1874. xiv h 39 m 4, N. 49 28' : 77, 9-2 : 288'4 : 25*7. Fr, '15 : 26*7. 2 1875. xiv h 4o m '4, N. 38 5' : 87, 9-2 : 3io7 : 3"'2. 2 1873. xiv h 4o m '9, N. 8 3' : 7-8, 8-3 : 94'4 : 6"'3 : v.w. Ysh., blsh., '71. e (2 1877). xiv h 4i m '5, N. 27 21' : 3, 63 : 32i'o : 2"-6 : v. y., v. bl. Bies., '03 : 330'3. Light y., grnsh., '50. Se., most beautiful y., superb bl. A well- known test for moderate telescopes. Buffham has split it with i|-in. of 9-in. ' With ' spec. I have seen it perfectly with 2j-in. achr. OH 285. xiv h 42 m> 5, N. 42 43' : 7-1, 7-6 : 72 '2 : o"'6, '45. A., 'n : 103 : o"'4. Bin. 2 1883. xiv h 44 m '9, N. 6 if : 7, 7 : 272 : i"'2 : ysh., '30. Bryant, 'n : 23i'8 : o /7 '4. 2 1884. xiv h 44 m -8, N. 24 42' : 6'2, 7-8 : 52'2 : 1^2 : ysh., blsh., '29. D., w., brownish, '48. c.p.m. 39 (2 1890). xiv h 47-0, N. 49 3' : 5-8, 6-5 : 44'i : 3 7/ 7 : w., certainly purplish. Both w., '50. So De. 2:1889 re i- xivh 47 m 'i N. 51 42': & 6-5, 9-8: 87-6: I5"'6. 2 1886. xiv h 47 m> 2, N. 10 3' : 7-2, 9-2 : 228'2 : 52 THE STARRY HEAVENS. (2 1888). xiv h 47 m 7, N. 19 26' : 47, 6'6 : 334'2 : /-2 : y., purplsh. red. Ph., '14 : Iio 0> 2 : 2 //> 2. Clear y., rsh., purp., '50. De., y., r., '63 to '77. Bin. 175 years ? ; j3 31, 31' */: 8-5, 10-2, 12*5 : i88'i, i627 : i"'3> 9"'o : '78. Bin. A., '05 : ig6 -g. OS 288. xiv h 49 m> 6, N. 16 2' : 6-4, 7-1 : 23O'3 : 0*7. Bowyer, 'n : i86'4 : i"'^. r.m. 02:289. xiv h 52 m 7, N. 32 37' : 6-3,9-8: 120 -2 : 4"'9. 2 1895. xiv b 54 m - 4 , N. 40 30' : T*> 8-3 : 43'4 : "'4- 44 (^1909). xv h i m -2, N. 47 58' : 5-2, 6'2 : 234'! : 2"'9 : ysh., blsh. '32. Y., ruddy, or purpsh., '50. Great diff. as to cols. 2 and Ar. var. Lewis, 'n : 247"6 : 4* a i. Bin. now closing. Lewis, pair i m p,$' s : 7, 12-5 : 64-8 : I2*'4. 2 1907. xv h i m 7, N. 11 5/ : 8-5, 97 : n-8 : i 7/ 'i. 2 1908. xv h i m 7, N. 34 47' : 8'2, 9-2 : i37-2 : i"'3. Bowyer, J n : I46'9. 47 ()8 1086). xv h 2 m -8, N. 48 28' : 5j, 13-2 : 254'! : 6^-3. 2 1910. xv h 3 m '7, N. 9 32' : 7, 7 : 209^2 : 4" : y.w. Fr., '15 : 2i27 : 4^4. 27 1916. xv h 6 m> 9, N. 39 17' : 7, 9-5 : 329'6 : 10". 2 1920. xv h 8 m< 2, N. 47 9' : 8-5, 8-5 : 291-! : 19" : y.w. 2 1917. xv h 8 m -8, N. 15 41' : 9-3 : 239'3 : 2 7/ '2. 2 1919. xv h 9 m -2, N. 19 34' : 6'i, 7 : io'2 : 24^*8 : y.w., w. Pale y., pale bl., '83. c.p.m. 2 1921. xv h 9 m '4, N. 38 58' : 7, 7-2 : 283^7 : 30^-3. 2 1923. xv h io m -2, N. 14 45' : 8-5, 9-2 : I2'5 : 4 //> 8 : y.,o. 2 1926. xv h n m '9, N. 38 35' : 6-1, 8-4 : 26o-6 : 1^6 : ysh., bl. Lewis, 'n : 255'9 : i". 8 (27 1 27). xv h I2 m< 3, N. 33 35': 3-2, 7-4: De., 78 -8 : 105"'!. Bright y., fine bl., '50. B., among pairs and triplets, c.p.m. BOOTES. 53 271934. xv h i 4 m -6, N. 44 5': 8-5, 8-5: 45'i : 5^3- Lewis, '06 : 27 7 : 7" -3. r.m. /Lti (27 1 28). xv h 2i m '5, N. 37 39' : 4, 6-5 : i7i-g : io8"'5. 6-5, /A 2 (27 1938): 67,7-3: 327-o: i"^: grnsh.w. Lewis, 'n : 57 7 : i"'2. Bin. Angle decreasing. All one vast system. v 2 (A 1634). xv h 28 m -9, N. 41 10' : 5-5, 5-5 : 237 : o"-i. Forms with v l a fine wide pair. 02:298. xv h 33 m -2,N.404': 7-0,7-3: i8i-6 : i"'2 : '46. Bin. 56-6 yrs. with p.m. o"'5, in which 7 m*. w shares. Angle increasing and distance now diminishing. 30' sp 9, N. 32 53' : 8*2 : R. : III : Es. Es.-Birm. 414. xrv b 37 m '9, N. 31 54' : 8 : B. : III : var. Es. Es.-Birm. 416. xrv h 42% N. 15 26' : 5-5 : III : D'A. U (var.). xiv b 5o m -6,N.i8 i / : 9-1-13-6 : 177 d> 5 : Baxendell. CLUSTER AND NEBULA. 5466 (H. VI 9). xiv h 2 m '3, N. 28 54'. Faint white cloud. 5' to 6' in_diam. h. stars n m g . 54 THE STARRY HEAVENS. 5820 (H. II 756). xiv h 56 m '3, N. 54 12'. Faint : guide to 7-5 m g . pair/, from which a straight line of small stars extends. CAMELOPARDUS. Wide spread, but obscure; containing many good objects. DOUBLE STARS. mb 4 m '> N - 6 3 2 9' : 7'4> 8 ' x : 3 I 9' 8 : 6"'i. 27362. m h 9 m -8, N. 59 44': 77, 8 : 142 -3 : G'-g. De., quintuple. In beautiful wide group. 02752. m h io m '5, N. 65 22': 6-4, 7-0: i5i-4: 0^5. Storey, '10 : n6 0> 8. 27 368. m h i 4 m - 4 , N. 68 10' : 8-5, 8-5 : 342'! : 2*- 3 . 27374. ' m h i6 m -8, N.67 10': 7, 8-5: 294 7 : 10^8: w., ash. 27 386. m h 2i m - 9 , N. 54 54' : 8-8, 8-8 : 58'8 : 2"-$. 2 385. m h 22 m '5, N. 59 40' : 47, 9 : i6i'4 : 2 7/ '4 : y., o. 2' s, 34 8 p t 27 384: 7-8, 9: 267'5: 2" ': gold, blue. 42 s /, i' s, 27 385, Holmes, pair, Es., 9, 10-5 : 5i'2 : 5 7/ 'i ; i m 9 8 / this are two 9-5 stars. The n one has a faint comes at 4", the s at 5". i m n 8 /, 36' s of 27 385, is 27 389 : 7, 8 : (66'5) : 2 7/ -8 : w., purp. 27 39 o. m h 23 m '8, N. 55 ii': 4-8, 9-2: 159 -6 : 15*: grnsh. w., o. Fr., ysh. w., blsh. Pale ruby, n* 02754. m h 24 m '5, N. 67 19': 7-2, 8-5: 354-6: ztf-g. De., clear yellow, olive. 27396. m h 27 m -i, N. 58 30': 6-3, 8: 24i-8: 20 // '4. Fr., w., bl. CAMELOPARDUS. 55 S 400. m h 28 m '4, N. 59 46' : 7, 8 : 282'6 : i"'5 : yw., blsh. w. A., '12 : 2'6 : o"'4. 02:2:37. m h 32 m -8, N. 44 33' : De., 6'2, 6'5 : 95: 41^2: w. Es., ysh., blsh. j3, comes : yf mf j : 29" -4. OZ2736.m h 32 m -9,N.6347 / : 06,6-3,7-3: 7O -2 : 45" -8 : w., y. Es, pale y, pale or. P. Ill 97. m* 3 6 m -i, N. 59 43': 6, 9: K, 34 -3 : 55^-6. Orange with scarlet glare, bl. Es, two comites : 13, 12-6 : 94 -9, 300 : 2i"'4, 34^9. 02:2:39. m h 42 m '9, N. 56 53' : De, 5-9, 6-6 : 74 '8 : 58"-6. Es, blsh, ysh. Z 445. m h 43 m -9, N. 59 53' : 8-2, 9-2 : 25 3 '2 : 3". H 455. m b 49 m -o, N. 69 17' : 8-2, 8-7 : i67'4 : n*-g. 02767. m b 5o m '3, N. 60 53': 5, 8*2: 43: 1*7: gold, grn. S 480. m h 58 m -i, N. 55 29' : 8-3, 8-5 : 324 : 3"'2. 2:485. iv h o m -8, N. 62 4': 6-1,6-2: 303'3: 18". Es, comes. (]8., 256'6 : 6" 7 : 13-1.) 4 other comites at n", 14", i4 // '4, 19". In field is 2 484 : 9, 9-5, 9 : 13 2 -4, 324 -3 : 5 // '4, 22 // *6, with another, 9-3 at 48 // -8. Z 474. iv h 2 m -i, N. 76 2' : 8-5, 8-5 : i45'4 : 22 /r '6. 2 490. iv* 3 m -6, N. 59 57' : 8-5, 9 : 557 : 4^6- 27 503. iv h 9 m - 7 , N. 63 58' : 88, 8-8 : 2267 : 4 /7 '3. 27 522. iv h i6 m '3, N. 51 25' : 8-5, 8-5 : 37' 8 : ^5- S 526. iv h i8 m -2, N. 60 5' : 8-2, 87 : 52-2 : 5 7/ 7. 1 (2:550). iv h 25 m 7, N. 53 45' : 5-1, 6'2 : 307'! : lo'^i : w, blsh. w. Ysh, doubtful, perhaps grn, some- times tawny, '52. D, sapph. De, grn, or bl, pale rose '54. Fr, ysh. w, purple, '15. c.p.m. 2 553- iv h 2 7 m -i, N. 50 53' : 8, 8-5 : I33'3 : S^'i- ^557- iv h 3o m -2, N. 62 49': 8, 87: 126-! : 23 x/ '4. Hu, doubles 87 : o"-2. 56 THE STARRY HEAVENS. 2 (27566). iv h 33 m -6, N. 53 19' : 5-1, 7-4 : 3110-4 : i"6: y., blsh. j3, 2887 : '01 ; who doubles 5-1, 7 : I40'4 : o"'2, with comes, 13-2 : 2I2'8 : 23 /sr< 3. De., pair in field : 8-5, 9-5 : 264'2 : 5*7. Es., comes, 12 -5 : 67 7 : 18". 3 ()8 1043). iv" 33 m -6, N. 52 55' : 5, 12 : 295^ : 3*7. 27 587. iv* 41-7, N. 52 59' : 7, 8-5 : 185 : 2o"- 9 . 5 (]8 1187). iv h 4 8 m -5, N. 55 8' : 5-5, 12-8 : 245'2 : 12^-9. 027 88. iv h 5o m -o, N. 61 38' : 6-5, 8-2 : 3O2'4 : 0*7. 7 (276io). iv b 5o m '9, N. 53 38' : 4-2, 11-3 : 238'3 : 25 /x '6. j8 easy 6-in., and Wa. 4^. De. divided 4'2, 7*9 : 3o8-8 : i"-2. (A., 294'4 : 0^-9 : '04), olive. He had never seen so sombre a star. 27 604. iv h 5i-i, N. 69 56' : 8% 8-9 : 39'9 : 2*-2. 276i8. iv h 56 m -o, N. 62 58': 7, 7-3: 2ii'5 : 32 /x -2. c.p.m. s is 27 617: 8-5,87: 120 '6 : I2"'4. )3 (0272757). iv h 56 m '3, N. 60 20' : De., 4, 7-2 : 2o8'2 : &>" -3 : y., w. ? Fr., lucid y., fine bl. Es., comes to 7-2, 11-5 : i67'5 : 14^-8. n, 12 (27 I 13). iv h 58 m -2 N. 58 52' : 5, 6 : 8 : i8o*'3 : blsh., v.y., or red. Ysh., pale red. Fine field. Hu. 1097. v h i7, N. 76 22' : 6-5, ii : ii3'3 : 1^-5. 27 638. v h 5 m -5, N. 69 44' : 7-5, 8-5 : 222 '4 : 5 //( 3 : J&., v. bl. 27 634. v h 9-3, N. 79 9' : 4-5, 7-9 : 34 8-6 : 34" : yah., w. Y., violet ? '52. j8 '04 : 2i'6 : 12^-3 from p.m. of 4-5. 27 677. v h i6 m '2, N. 63 19' : 77, 8 : 279^4 : 1*7. Storey, '10: 240-6: 1^3. Bin. 276 9 5. v h 28 m - 9 , N. 79 i/: 8-3, 9: I55'8 : 10^3. Comes to 9, 97 : 972 -5 : i"'9. CAMELOPARDUS. 57 Hu. 1107. v h 29 m '5, N. 64 6' : 6-5, 10-5 : 48-8 : 273115. v b 40 m 7, N. 62 47': 67, 7-8: 35'6 : 1*7: w., ashy w. Storey, 'n : 17 "6 : i"*3. 2:780. v h 43 m -o, N. 65 44': 67, 7-9, 10-2: H>3'6, : 3"'8, IO// '9 : 7- bl -> - ft comes J 3*5 : 53'i : 18". 35 (027 128 rej.). v b 58"-!, N. 51 35' : De., 6-3, 87 : I3'i : 39" '4 : w., azure. Yw., blsh., or purpsh., '52. Hu. doubles 87 : 339'5 : 0^-5. 27784. v h 59 m -2, N. 84 12': 87, 87: i877: 1^3: yw. Storey, '10 : I96'6. 27831. vi h 2 m -6, N. 68 o' : 87, 87 : 74'! : n"'8. 27868. vi h i3 m -2, N. 73 58' : 8-5, 9 : 4i'8 : ^-3, 027 136. vi h i9 m -i, N. 70 35' : 6-5, 10-3 : 79'6 : 5 x/ 7. 27973. vi b 53 m> 5, N. 75 21': 6'6, 7-6: 26 7 : 11^9; w. Fr., '15 : yw., lilac. 27 1006. vi h 59 m '5, N. 62 40' : 7, 8 : yi'6 : 3o"'6 : yw. Fr., '15 : 2 9 "7. 47 (27 1055). vn b i5 m '3, N. 60 3' : 6, 10-5 : 344'! : 2 r/ '4 : Storey, 'n : 328'6 : 2*'i. 27 1051. vn h I7 m -o, N. 73 14' : 6-5, S'6 : 268'5 : 1^2. A., '08 : 282. A 67 : 8i'6 : 3i /7 -2. 27 1122. vii h 36 m< 4, N. 65 22' : 7-1, 7-1 : 4'9 : I5*'5 : w. Fr., '77, decidedly ysh., '15, 6'8, 7'6. 27 1127. vnh 39 m * 6 > N - 64 16' : 6'2, 8, 9-2 : 340^4, 174'9 : 5"'2, 11^3 : v.w., ashy, o. 022" 90. vii b 55 m '4, N. 63 19' : De., 6, 7 : 8i'8 : 47^4 : v.w., y. Fr., '14 : 49 /7 7. 27 1169. vm b 4 m '3, N. 79 45' : 7-6, 7-9 : 10 : 20*7. 27 1193. vm b I2 m> 3, N. 72 37' : 6, 9 : 85'2 : 44" : v.y., o. Fr., '16: 85 7 : 43 /7 '5 : 7- U. 027 192. vm b 27 m> 5, N. 75 o' : 6-5, 10 : 237^7 : i"'6. 27 1471. x b 46 m '5, N. 80 14' : 9, 9-1 : 3'6 : 2 // 'i. 58 THE STARRY HEAVENS. 27 1479. x h 54 m '2> N. 83 40': 8,9: 2i-6: 4*6 : yw., ashy w. 271539. xi h 24 m -6, N. 81 29' : 8,9-2: 313-!: 19". 02727 117. xn h 7 m -6, N. 82 9' : De., 6, 8 : 75'6 : 65*'! : gold, azure. Fr., '14 : 66" 7. 27 1625. xn h i2 m -8, N. 80 34' : 6-5, 7 : 2i8'8 : I4"'3. 27i6 94 . xn h 48-5, N. 83 51': 4-9, 5-4: 3 27-2: 2i"-8. v.w. Some difi., '52, 3j^-in. : pale y., pale violet ; not quite a match, '63, 5j in. Main, equal '62. De., 4-5, 5-0 : '66. Fr., pale y., pale lilac : '77. Sm., comes n, sp. 27 1720. xn h 5 8 m - 9 , N. 83 35' : 8-4, 87 : 334'6 : i"'6. STARS WITH KEMARKABLE SPECTRA, AND VARIABLES. Es.-Birm. 63. m h 3 m> 3, N. 65 26' : 9-0 : R. : III ? Es. Star. m h I2 m '9, N. 65 12' : 4-5. Hy. : Es. U (var.). in h 34 m '9, N. 62 23' : 6-6-7-8 : IV : Har. Es.-Birm. 81. m h 58 m '9, N. 61 35' : 7-5 : R. : IV : Es. T (var.). iv h 32 m '4, N.662' : 7-13-5 : 37<> d : IV. pec. : Es. Es.-Birm. 97. iv h 42^9, N. 68 2' : 7 : R. : Arg. IV : Se. Var. Backhouse. ii. iv h 59 m -2, N. 58 52' : 5-3 : Hy. Har. S (var.). v h 32 m '4, N. 68 46' : 8-10 : 328 d : Es. Es.-Birm. 274. vm h 40 m -2, N. 78 28' : 6-5: yr. : III: De. R (var.). xiv h 23 m< 4, N. 84 12' : 7-9-13-7 : 269^5 : Hencke. NEBULA. App. I 356. m h 59 m '5, N. 69 36' : neb., pretty br. and large. Denning. 1501 (H. IV 53). iv h o m -i, N. 60 41' : Plan. : small and dim. E. of Rosse sees a bright ring, with 14 m g . in central darkness. Gas. OANCEE. 59 2655 (H. I 288). vin h 44 n>> 3, N. 78 31' : nucleus like IE m g . star. CANCER. A constellation marked only to the naked eye by the remarkable cluster Praesepe. DOUBLE STARS. 2 1170. vn h 55 m '3, N. 13 56' : 8-3, 8-3 : 9 57 : 2"'2. Z 1171. vn b 55 m '9, N. 23 49' : 6'2, 107 : 338'6 : z"'8 : y., o. Do., '03 : 329-!. 02: 186. vn h 58 m '4, N. 26 29' : 7-5, 8*2 : 74'! : o"'8. 6. vn h 58 m -6, N. 28 i'. B., triple. Es., 5, 12, n : i87'5, 81 : 6o"T, 78"'6. S 1179. vm h o m '3, N. 12 18' : 8% 8-5 : 205'2 : i7 x/ '9. Lewis, '04 : 20 x/ *3. j8, comes double : 11*5: 57 '6: 3 // -9. 2 1177. vm h o m 7, N. 27 45' : 6-5, 7-4 : 3547 : 3 x/ '5 : v.w., ashy w. D., palegrn., pale y. De., w., azure. 2 1188. vm h 4 m> 6, N. 30 35' : 8, 87 : 20i'3 : i^'g. Fr., '16 : i6"'4. 2 1191. vm h 6 m -2, N. 19 16' : 87, 9-2 : 70'9 : 3^-2. J (2:1196). vm h 7 m -6, N. 17 54': 5-0, 57: y. Bin. P., 60 yrs. Dist. '26. Ph., '15 : H27 : 4" '8, with irregularities which have been perplexing. j3, comparing its place with a neighbouring star, shows that in 14 years there are no irregularities, and that the motion so far is rectilinear. Excellent test, close pair, well 60 THE STARRY HEAVENS. separated 8-in. ' With ' spec. 300, when o*'5 ; one disc, apart, Qj-in., spec., '78 when 0*7 ; very easy '85 at i*. 2 1197. vm h 7 m -8, N. 29 47' : 8-2, 9 : I02'6 : i"'6. 2 1206. vm h io m> 4, N. 7 25' : 9, 9-5 : 199 : I3"'2. 27 1219. vm h i8 m 7, N. 7 54' : 8-5, 8-5 : 260 : n*'6. 2 (27 1223). vm h 22 m -o, N. 27 12' : 6, 6-5 : 212 : 4"'6. Much less unequal, '49 ; nearly equal, '59 ; so Talmage, '65 : Fr., '77. Du., OT, '71, '74 ; i or J m 8 . diff., '72. De., 6*0, 6*3. v 1 (2 1224). vm h 2i m> 9, N. 24 48' : 6, 7-1 : 37'3 : 5" '8. Bies., '03 : 44. A. divides comes : 8*0, 8'i : I407 : o"'2. 2 1228. vm h 22 m> 8, N. 27 49' : 8, 8-5 : 352 : 8" -9. 2 1231. vm h 24 m< 9, N. 31 38' : 8-2, 87 : 2io'6 : 24" -8. 2 1246. vm h 3i m -6, N. 10 n' : 8-4, 9-4 : ii4'i : io"'3 : y., o. A pretty pair. 271254. vm h 35 m -8,N. I958': 6-5,9: 53 -9 : 20" -5 : vy., o. Two stars 7 and 8, form group. i (2 1268). vm h 4i m '9, N. 29 3' : 4-4, 6-5 : 307'! : 30^5 : y., bl. Beautiful contrast. De., 4-2, 6*3. 2 1266, in field, sp ; 8, 9-2 : 63'5 : 23 /x '5. 2 1276. vm h 42 m -8, N. 11 27' : 7-9, 8'i : 354'3 : ia"'5. 2 1283. vm h 45 m '5, N. 15 8' : 7, 8 : I23'3 : i6 /x -5. Hu. 1125. vm h 47 m> 6, N. 32 47' : 6, 13-5 : 273 -9 : $"'(). 2 1288. vm h 48 m -6, N. 28 43' : 8-9, 9-0 : 259'2 : 7 //> 4. 9, N. 12 6'. 01. (h., about 200 stars, 10-15 mg -) visible in finder. CANES VENATICI. The nebulse here are fine. The only prominent star is Cor Caroli. DOUBLE STARS. 2 1606. xn h 6 m -8, N. 40 21' : 6-3, 7 : 348'6 : i"'4. Es., '16 : 3 25-8 : o"- 9 . 2 1607. xn h 7 m '5, N. 36 32' : 7-8, 8-3 : 35o'3 : 33*-!. j8, '04 : 2'6 : 29"'2. h. comes, j8, 12*5 : 3io*6 : 21". 2:1613. xn h 8 m> 5, N. 36 13': 8-5, 8-8: i8'5 : i"'6. Bowyer, 'n : io'8. H 1615. xn h io m> i, N. 33 14' : 6, 8'2 : 88'3 : 26 7/ '9 : y., ashy. 2 (2 1622). xn h I2 m 'i, N. 41 7' : 259-6 : 1^-4 : v. gold, bl. Yw., rosy, '48. De., y., azure. Fr., or., bl. Striking though not conspicuous ; J from Cor Caroli towards 8 Leon. 2 1632. xn h i6 m '3, N. 38 21' : 6-5, 97 : I93'4 : io"'i : y.,o. 2 1642. xn h 2i m '9, N. 45 n' : 8, 8-8 : i83'2 : 2 /7 '8. Bird, beautiful field. CANES VENATICI. 63 271645. xn h 24 m -2, N. 45 14' : 7,7-5: i6i'5 : io"'4: yw. Bird, ' A lovely pair, as I ever saw.' 27 1653. xn h 29"% N. 32 28' : 8-3, 8-5 : 343-2 : 7"'8. 2 1679. xn h 42 m -3, N. 50 16' : 8-5, 9 : 2o8'3 : $*$. 12 (27 1692). xn h 52 m '3, N. 38 45' : 3-2, 57 : 227'3 : I9"'9 : w., Cor. Caroli. W. or ysh., tawny or lilac, '50. 3-fo-in., ditto, little contrast, 5j-in., '62 ; pale y., fawn, '65 ; pale y., pale copper, g-in. '70. h. saw no contrast, '30-1. De., w., pale olive bl., '56. K. v. pale y., pale lilac, '65. Grover, creamy, fine bl., '67. Fr., bright w., fawn, '79 ; yw., fawn or pale ruddy, '15. c.p.m. Unequal stars at nearly equal distances. 925. xn h 53 m -o, N. 43 59' : 6-5, 12 : 2ii-8 : 6"-6. 02:257. xn h 53-1, N. 46 3' : 7-5,8-2: 353'6 : i 3 "-i. 27 1702. xn 54 m -8, N. 38 43' : 8, 8-5 : 827 : 35*7. 27 1718. xm h 2 m -o, N. 51 25' : 8-5 (Hu. double : 9-5, 10-5 : 203-! : o"'3), 9 : 272'4 : 13"'!. 930. xm h 2 m '3, N. 45 41' : 6'2, 11-3 : 116 : 2*7. 15 (271 24). xm h 6 m '5, N. 38 55': 5-5 03, double: 10-5 : 284'9 : i"-2), 5-9 : 297^ : 290'' : yw. 027 261. xm h 8 m '3, N. 32 32' : 6-9, 7-4 : 353 : i"-i : ysh. Bowyer, 'n : 344'4 : i"'6. 027263. xm h i3 m -2, N. 50 59' : 77,8-5: 133 : 2"'3. 271755. xm h 28 m -8, N. 37 14': 7, 7-9: 133 -8 : 4^3 : yw., blsh. Bird, 7-9, grnsh. y. 027 269. xm h 29 m '2, N. 35 19' : 6-5, 7 : 2i8'2 : o x/ '3. A., '02 : 224 '2. Bin. 2 1758. xm h 29 m -6, N. 49 33' : 8, 8-2 : 3ii'4 : 4 f '2 : w. Bird, y. Es., 'oo : 3O5'4- 25 (27 1768). xm h 33 m - 9 , N. 36 42' : 5-7, 7-6 : 76 : i"-i : w., bl. Single, De., '31. Du., '69. Schi., o"^, '76. Bowyer, 'n : 125-! : i //< 3. Bin. 64 THE STARRY HEAVENS. 2 1776. xm h 38 m '5, N. 46 38' : 8, 8 : 20O'2 : f-$. OZ27 125. xm h 43 m -6, N. 38 57' : De., 5-2, 8'2 : 237'4 : 7i"'3 : w., azure. S 1789. xm h 5o m '5, N. 33 13' : 8, 8*2 : 326 : 6"'i. STARS WITH REMARKABLE SPECTRA, AND VARIABLES. Y (var.). xn h 41"% N. 45 52' : 5-5 (var. Es.) K. : Hist. 061.: IV. Se. Es.-Birm. 378. xm h ig m -y } N. 47 25' : 7 : yr. : III: D'A. R(var.). xm h 45 m '5, N. 39 56' : 6-1-127: 333 d : Es. Es.-Birm. 389. xm h 57 m 'o, N. 38 16' : 8-9 : yr. : III : var. : Du. NEBULA. 4111 (H. I 195). xn h 3 m -o, N. 43 34'. Oval, with nucleus. D'A., resolved. 4414 (H. I 77). xn h 22 BBi 5, N. 31 40'. Long ; nucleus like star n m g . 4449 (H. I 213). xn h 24 m '3, N. 44 32'. Oval, resolved. D'A., unequally double. E. of Rosse, 3 nuclei. 4490 (H. I 198). xn h 26 m -8, N. 42 5'. Long, easily resolvable. D'A., a small faint neb. np. 4631 (H. V 42). xn h 38 m -2, N. 32 59'. Very long ray (D'A., 13')- A small star p, and beyond it a small neb. Lick photo, shows two neb. probably joined. 4736 (M. 94). xn h 47 m -i; N. 41 33'. . Small bright neb., like a comet ; h., a nucleus ; E. of Rosse, spiral. Lick spect., one bright band and two absorption lines. 5005 (H. I 96). xm h 7 m -2, N. 37 27'. Long ; nucleus. E. of Rosse, dark lanes ? 5055 (M. 63). xm h I2 m< 2, N. 42 27'. Oval; not bright. H. saw it 9' or 10' long, and near 4' broad, with THE SPIRAL NEBULA, M. 51, CANUM VENATICORUM. Photographed at the Lick Observatory, CANIS MAJOR. 65 a very brilliant nucleus. An 8 m g . star p, a minute triplet / Lick photo spiral, with many knots. Huggins, spect. continuous. 5194 (M. 51). xm b 26 m '5, N. 47 36'. E. of Rosse's wonderful spiral ; its wreaths are beyond all but the first telescopes ; common ones will only show two very unequal neb. nearly in contact, both brightening in the centre : traces of the halo encompassing the larger may perhaps be caught ; Sm. could not do more ; ' the enigma is another unequivocal mark of the illimitable power of the SUPREME CREATOR ! ' gj-in. spec, showed plainly outer end of spiral, and junction with smaller neb. E. of Rosse, knots, well seen in modern photos. Huggins, spectrum not gas. A misty spot in finder 3 spl Alkaid, at end of Great Bear's tail. 5272 (M. 3). xin h 38 m> 5, N. 28 47'. ' A brilliant and beautiful globular congregation of not less than 1000 small stars,' Sm., blazing splendidly, that is, running up into a confused brilliancy towards the centre, with many outliers, h., 11-15 mg -> making lines and irregular rays. 3^-in. hardly resolved it. Buff ham centrally resolved, g-in. ' With ' mirror ; sprinkled over, and surrounded by the larger stars, and resolved Qj-in. spec. Photo with the 6o-in. Mount Wilson shows 30,000 stars at least. Bailey finds 137 variable stars with mean P. of about half a day in this cl. CANIS MAJOR. a (Sirius). vi h 4i m '6, S. 16 35'. This is the leader of the host of heaven : a glorious object, in all likelihood either far greater or more splendid than our Sun. It has been perceived at midday with -in. aperture. Hevel and Bond II. saw it with the naked eye in broad sunshine ; and VOL. II. F 66 THE STARRY HEAVENS. Plummer has seen a shadow cast by it. Its colour has probably changed. Seneca called it redder than Mars ; Ptolemy classed it with the ruddy Antares. Lynn, how- ever, doubts the construction put on the evidence. I now see it of an intense white, with a sapphire tinge, and an occasional, probably, atmospheric flash of red. Hind and Pogson have found similar decided changes of colour in variable stars. In the spectrum of Sirius, and many white stars, the lines of hydrogen are abnormally strong, all those of the metals remarkably faint. The parallax of Sirius is some nine light years. From irregularities in the proper motion of Sirius and Procyon, Bessel fully believed that each was a member of a binary system, their companions being dark and invisible. This remarkable idea has been justified by A. Clark's discovery in 1862 of a 10 m g . star, nearly at the required distance and angle, a most interest- ing object which, in 1862, according to Bond, was at 84'5 : io"'i ; j3 found 52'4 : io"'8, '78 After this it rapidly closed up. j3, 359 7 : 4"'!, spring of 1890, and in the autumn it was lost even in the Lick 36-in. Innes, '13 : 80 *8 ; 9"' 8 ; comes almost 9 m g . He considers the Auwers Period, 49*4 years, best represents the observations. OJ7 thinks its mass must be at least half that of Sirius, but its nature very different, or it would shine as I m*. star. D. asks, ' Is it an enormously large globe endued with very small light-producing power ? or perhaps shining by reflec- tion from Sirius.' Auwers assumes the ratio of the mass of Sirius to that of its companion is 2*05 to I. DOUBLE STARS. h. 3863. vi h 26 m -i, S. 22 32' : 6J, 9 : Doo., H9'2 : 2*7. v l (Eh. 239). vi h 32 m> 9, S. 18 36': Gin., 57, 8: 262'9: i/'5. Y., pale violet, '51. CANIS MAJOR. 67 ft 19. vi" 38 m *4, S. 15 55' : De., 67, 9 : 165 : 3 "- 5 . h. 3891. vi h 42 m< 5, S. 30 52' : 6, 10. Doo., 22i*4 : 4"7. 27970. vi h 44 m -i, S. 11 38' : 8-5, 9 : I28'6 : 2o"'i. 27971. vi h 44 m 7, S. 13 20' : 8 '2, 8'5 : 331 : i"-g. A. C. 4. vi h 45-3, S. 15 4' : De., 6, 87 : 286- 4 : i"'i. See 71. vi h 49 m *8, S. 26 51' : 6, 147 : ioo'5 : io"-6. 27 990. vi h 50*7, S. 14 9' : 87, 9-3 : 27 4 '9 : 3 "- 3 . p, (27997). vi" 52-4, S. 13 56' : 47> 8 : 343'5 : 3"'2 : y., bl. Do., '01 : 3 34 -5 : 2"' 3 . c (Maclear). vi h 55 m '5, S. 28 51' : 2, 9 : i6o'6 : . 7 // - 5 . See 74. vi h 56 m '9, S. 21 59' : 6, 147 : 23o'4: 13^-8. 27 ion. vi h 57 m -2, S. 15 12' : 8, 8-5 : 295^7 : 4."'$. Innes 183. vi h 57 m '5, S. 25 32' : 6-5, 9-8 : I44'4 : 3 // - 4 . ^3 328. vn h 2 m '9, S. 11 ii' : 6-2, 8 : I32*3 : o"- 4 , comes 12 : 350'3 : if'4- 27 1031. vn b 4 m '9, S. 13 52' : 8-3, 9 : 25i'6 : 3 /x -8. h. comes : j8, 12 : 349 7 : 12". h. 3945. vn h i3 m -8, S. 23 10' : 7, 8 (Innes, 6o'6 : 27* -3) : orange, blue. 6*5, 8 : fiery red, gnsh. bl. Es. large star var. ? 27io6 9 . vn h i4 m '4 5 S. 13 23': 8-3, 8-3: i93- 3 : 25 // ' 4 . Fr., '16 : I4'9. See 75. vn h I4 m '5, S. 25 50' : 6-5, 137 : 7'2 : i2 // '4. 30 (h. 3948). vii h i5 m -4, S- 24 48' : ft 6, 10-5, 11-5 : 90, 8o- 3 : 7 7/ -8, 14^-3, with 87 : 78 : 8 4 / '- 4 . See 76. vii h I7 m 7, S. 26 49' : 6, 15 : 2i6'4 : 7 /7 -9. See 78. vii h I9 m 7, S. 25 37' : 6, I2'8, 12, 12-4 : 288'4, i 3 -6,29 - 9 : 2^ 3", 6^9. STARS WITH REMARKABLE SPECTRA, AND VARIABLES. Star. vi h I7 m 7, S. 11 45' : 5-5 : Hy. : Har. Es.-Birm. 188. vi h 2O m '5, S. 27 i' : 8 : intense red ; h. 68 THE STARRY HEAVENS. 10. vi h 41"% S. 30 59' : 5-2 : Hy. : Har. Star. vi h 5o m '9, S. 23 50' : 6-5 : V. : Pickering. Es.-Birm. 210. vi h 55 m -o, S. 17 i' : pale ruby : W. L 2617. vn h 4 m - 2 , S. 23 43' : 57 : Hy. : Har. Es.-Birm. 218. vn h 4 m '3, S. 11 46' : 7-6 : R. : Hist. Cel. IV: Se. Var. Har. 27. vn h n m -o, S. 26 13' : 47 : Hy. : Har. a). vn h n m -6, S. 26 38' : 3-8 : Hy. : Har. L 2718. vn h i5 m -3, S. 24 25' : 4-9 : V. : Pickering. R (var.). vii h I5 m '8, S. 16 15' : 5-8-6-4 : i d 'i : Algol type. Sawyer. Es.-Birm. 229. vn h I9 m 7, S. 25 37' : 7! : R. : h. Star. vn h 2i m *o, S. 16 2' : 5-2 : Hy. : Adams and Lasby. Star. vn h 23 m -6, S. 22 55' : 5-5 : Hy. : Har. CLUSTERS. 2287 (M. 41). vi h 43 m< 6, S. 20 40'. Superb group, visible to naked eye, '51, 4 beneath a. Larger stars in curves, with ruddy star (Es. var. ?) near centre, 5^-in. h. says the latter frequently occurs in els. See note on Sagittarius, infra. 2360 (H. VII 12). vn h I4 m -i, S. 15 29'. Beautiful cl. h., 10 m g . melting into a very rich neighbourhood, as though the Galaxy were approaching us. 64 includes a bright w. star p. Sm. notes that the stars are nearly all 10 m g . ; 3/y- CANIS MINOR. a (Procyon). (vn h 35 m< i, N. 5 27'.) A fine pale y. star, to which Schseberle added the comes, long predicted by Bessel (see under Sirius), with the Lick 36-in. in '96 at P. 320'4 : 4"'6 : A., '05 : 6'2 : 5"'i. 1912 invisible. CANIS MINOR. 69 Barnard, '13 : 42 '6 : $"'!. Mag. according to Lewis 10. Bin., for which See suggests 40 yrs. Several dist. atten- dants ; one 23 sec. /, doubled by Bird 12-in. spec., '64 : 9-5, 9-8 ; seen by Buff ham, g-in. ' With/ and found inde- pendently with 6-in. achr. by f$ as well as by De. i82'6 : o"-8 : '72. A, '96 : i877, P comes *3> 335'2 : 35"'9- 44 sec. / Procyon, 3' s is 2 1126 : 7-2, 7-5 : 132 : i"'5 : ysh. Ph., '14 : I48*9 : i"'2. Amici discovered comes ; Sa., with 2j-in. est. 13: 240 : 25". About 4 m /i9' s is Es.-Birm. 249 : 6*3 : fine or., and 3 m p, 8' n, Es.-Birm. 241 : 8 : pale ruby. Wa., pretty pair 35' n of Procyon, and 2 comites to star 10 m g . p Procyon. Vicinity very rich in small pairs and triplets. DOUBLE STARS. OE 170. vn h I3 m '3, N. 9 26' : 7-5, 7-5 : I2O'6 : i"'2 : y. Bowyer, 'n : IO77 : i"'5. E 1067. vn h I4 m 7, N. 3 i' : 77, 87 : 265'5 : 25"'6. 2 1076. vn h i6 m -8, N. 4 13' : 87, 87 : io67 : 2"7. 1082. vn h I9 m> 4, N. 10 52' : 8, 87 : 326'5 : ig"^. j8, comes : 13 '5 : 2I'5 : 15" '6. E 1095. vn h 2 3 m -o, N. 8 55' : 8-3, 8-8 : 78 : 9 "'8. TJ (]8 21). vn h 23 m> 8, N. 7 6' : 57, 11-2 : 25'8 : 4 /x . E 1099. vn h 25 m -o, N. 11 42' : 8-4, 9 : 343'4 : 4". E 1103. vii h 26 m '3, N. 5 25' : 7, 8-5 : 244'5 : ^ : v.w., ash. E 1114. vn h 29 m '3, N. 9 28' : 8-5, 9 : 53-6 : G^. E 1116. vn h 30 m -i, N. 12 29' : 7, 77 : 111 : i /x> 8. E 1130. vn h 37 m '3 N. 9 54' : 8-4 , 8-9 : 162 : 2". Ph., '14 : i 7 7-5 : i". E 1137. vn h 42 m> 4, N. 4 19' : 8, 9 : I327 : 2 x/ '8 : ysh., bl. E 1149. VIlb 45 m '3> N. 3 25' : 7-3, 9 : 4O'3 : yw. Ysh, blsh. Pretty. 70 THE STARBY HEAVENS. 027 182. vii h 48 m '5, N. 3 36' : 7, 7-5 : 47 : i"'i. Bowyer, 'n : 32'9: o"-8. 14 (TLh. 284). vn h 54 m -2, N. 2 27' : 6, 8, 9 : ft 75-2, 15i'3 : 85"-8, Tif'2 : '05. Blsh., bl., '31. 6, deep yellow, '51. 8 very little brighter than 9 : so Sa., '76 ; Fr., full y., 8, 9 equal, '77. Widening from p.m. of 6. 27II8I. vm h i m -i, N. 8 25' : 8,9-5: 140 -3 : $"'2 : ysh., blsh. S 1182. vm h i m -i, N. 6 3' : 7, 9 : 72'6 : 4"'4. STARS WITH EEMARKABLE SPECTRA, AND VARIABLES. K (var.). vn h 4 m '3, N. 10 9' : 7-2-10 : 337*7 : Bonn. S (var.). vn h 28% N. 8 29' : 7-12*2 : 33O d< 3 : Hind. T (var.). vn h 29 m> 5, N. 11 55' : 9-1 < 13-5 : 322*7 : Schonfeld. Es.-Birm. 240. vn h 32 m> 3, N. 2 15' : 9-3 : K. : IV : Es. U (var.). vn h 37 m -o, N. 8 34' : 8-5-13-5 : 410* : Baxendell. GAPRICORNUS. Not a conspicuous constellation, but containing some good objects, among which its principal star takes a high rank. DOUBLE STARS. 3 (j8 294). xx h I2 m -o, S. 12 35' : 5-7 : comes (^6'2 : 2f"L) double : 13, 13-5 : I77'9 : 8"'2. a (2 I 51). xx h i3 m -6, 8.13 2': 3-2, 4-2: De., 29I'2 : 376 //> i : y. Noble pair, obvious to naked eye. a 2 has comes (De., I5i'4 : 8 //> 3 : m g . n) obvious to Sa., 6J-in. spec, and )8, 6-in. achr., seen by Wa. . achr. A.G.C. doubled it (j8, 240'5 : i // '2). CAPBICORNUS. 71 a (Hh. 682). xx h i4 m '8, S. 19 3/ : ft 5, 8-3 : i^'2 : 55^8. Or., bl., '50 ; y., ruddy, comes 10 m g ., '70. 0(27 1 52). xx h i6 m '5, S. 15 17': 2-5, 6: De., 267-!: 205"'3. Y., bl., '50. Minute pair between them (ft 322'3 : 6"'4 : 13, 13-4). Very fine large field. Barnard doubled j3 2 : 10-3 : n>3-i : i"'2. 2 2678. xx b 2i m '5, S. 8 33' : 9, 9-2 : 32O7 : 3"'5- TT (Mitchel). xx h 22 m 7, S. 18 28' : De., 5-1, 87 : I45'2 : 272683. xx h 23 m - 9 , S. 13 25' : 8,8-5: 67'!: 22"'8. p (Rh. 688). xx" 2 4 ""3> S. 18 5' : De., 5, 7-1 : 174-! : 2*'8 : w., ash. Pale y., ruddy purple, '50 ; a 7'5f* viol., or lilac, ft comes, 13, between. o 2 (HA. 689). xx h 25 m '3, S. 18 51' Wilson, 6-3, 6'8 : 239 -9 : 2 1" 8. W., blsh., '50. c.p.m. )8 668. xx h 28 m -o, S. 10 8' : 6-2, 117 : 27'3 : 4*7. 272699. xx b 32 m '5, S. 13 i 7 : 8, 9: I92'2 : 9 /x '6. h., two comites. r (Hu. 200). xx h 34 m -8, S. 15 14' : 5-5, 6 -8 : 269'8 : o"'2. A., '12 : 300'4 : o*-i. h. 1567. xx b 39 m '9. S. 15 17' : ft 8, 10-5 : 34 5-2 : 30"'$. Pretty pair, 8, 9 : lilac, perhaps blsh. grn. h. 5228. xx h 40 m '5, S. 30 45' : 6J, 13 : Gin., I94'6 : 10^-1. h. 3003. xx h 48 m '3, S. 24 5' : 6, n : Doo., 2i6'4 : 2 /7 '5. See 449. xxi h 26 m< 9, S. 19 35' : 6, I2'8 : 197 : i"'8. 41 (See 454). xxi h 3 7 m '5, S. 23 37' : 6, 13'5 : 198 : 5"'2. 272826. xxi h 43-i, S. 13 31': 8, 8-5: 82'5: 4"'3- Howe doubles 8 : I05'5 : o// *8. STAES WITH REMARKABLE SPECTRA, AND VARIABLES. R (var.). xx h 6 m '8, S. 14 30' : 9 < 13 : 344 d : Hind. W (var.). xx h 9 m> 8, S. 22 13' : 10-2 < 147 : 207*7 : Peters. 72 THE STABRY HEAVENS. KT (var.). xx h I2 m '4, S. 21 34' : 77-9 : ? : IV : Se. Var. xx h 23 m 'i, S. 28 32' : 7-4-8-4 : ? : Har. U (var.). xx h 43 m 7, S. 15 5' : 10*2-14 : 202 d> 5 : Pogson. RR, (var.). xx h 57 m '6, S. 27 44' : 8-12 : 24O d : Cordoba. RS (var.). xxi h 2 m '8, S. 16 45' : 8-1-9-3 : ? : Har. V (var.). xxi h 2 m -g, S. 24 14' : 9-14-5 : 156*7 : Peters. X (var.). xxi h 4 m> o, S. 21 40' : 9-5 < 16 : 2i8 d 'i : Peters. T (var.). xxi h I7 m> 6, S. 15 30' : 8-8-13-5 : 269^2 : Hind, e. xxi h 32 m> 6, S. 19 50' : 4-7 : Hy. : Har. CLUSTER. 7099 (M. 30). xxi h 35 m -8, S. 23 32'. Moderately bright ; beautifully contrasted with an 8 m g . star beside it ; comet-like with 64 ; with higher powers resolvable (into 12 m gs . h.). ' What an immensity of space is indicated ! Can such an arrangement be intended, as a bungling spouter of the hour insists, for a mere appendage to the speck of a world on which we dwell, to soften the darkness of its petty midnight ? This is impeaching the intelligence of Infinite Wisdom and Power, in adapting such grand means to so disproportionate an end. No imagination can fill up the picture, of which the visual organs afford the dim outline ; and he who confidently probes the Eternal Designs cannot be many removes from lunacy ' (Sm.). E. of Rosse, spiral arrangement of branches. It lies closely p a little n from 41, a 5 m g . star. CASSIOPEIA. Here lie a multitude of superb Galaxy fields. Birt found that the leader a is var. : 2 '2-2 '8 : irregular. Snow always found it sharper and smaller, and more readily obscured by fog, than )3 or y, even when equally bright. 1 1 A difference in the aspect of different stars, independent of CASSIOPEIA. 73 DOUBLE STARS. j8 (A. G. C. 15). o" 4-8, N. 58 43' : j8, 2, 137: 20 4 '2 : 22"-6. 2 m 46 s ?>, 43' * is S 3062, 6-9, 8 : 87'5 : o"'8 : '31, an interesting Bin. which has now completed more than three-quarters of its orbit (Storey, 'n : 2'i : i"'6), now again closing. Period about in yrs. i m 14" p of this, 6' n, is 2 3<>57 : 7*2, 9'3 : 299-6 : 3^-6 : ysh., ashy. Nearer j3 is a curious 8 m g . triangle, suggesting (as so many others) actual, not optical vicinity ; one is j8 485 : 307*4 : o"*4 : 87, 9. 15' n of which is j8 253 : 8-3, 8-4, 8-8 : 47^2, 346-3 : o"'6, 39*7. Fine region a little/. 2 16. o h i2 m - 4 , N. 54 13' : 77, 9 : 3 8- 2 : 5^-5. Bird, in a vertical curve, c.p.m. )8 392. o i2 m -6, N. 61 5' : 6, 12-5 : 6 7 -8 : 19^-3. Hu. 506. o h 20 m -2, N. 51 36' : 6, 8-5 : 217-! : o"-2. 2:30. o h 22 m< 8, N. 49 32' : 6-8,87: 295 -9 : 2i' 7 '2 : w., ash. Fr., '14 : 302'3 : ij"'6. r.m. magnitude, and sometimes of colour, has been noticed by several observers. Sm., speaking of a dull n m?. star seen best by averted vision, remarks that ' there are many of much smaller magnitudes which shine quite sharply, and emit a strong blue ray.' Key says, ' We constantly meet with stars which loom large with a faint light, and others again very vivid, but contracted apparently to a point.' Babinet remarks that some stars have a peculiar power of overcoming twilight. A. gives Aurigae as a striking instance among others of singularly intense light for its magnitude. He says that red and yellow stars appear brighter hi proportion to the superiority of the eye and instrument. Schm. finds that red stars gain hi twilight, lose by night, as compared with wh. ones, and that the position of the eyes is of material consequence in such estimates. Es. notes that red stars gain nearly 0-5 m". in moonlight. Pickering finds that in the case of two equal stars the lower always appears the brighter. 74 THE STARRY HEAVENS. ft 1094. o h 25-7, N. 59 31' : 57, 9-5 : 244'6 : 0*7. A (OS 12). o h 27-6, N. 54 5' : 5-6, 5-9 : 304'! : o"'5, '44. Hu., '02 : I527. Bin. h. 1041. o h 35 m -o, N. 48 56' : 027, 6-3, io'8 : 25'6 : i4*-8. a (HA. II). o h 35 m ' 9 , N. 56 6' : j8, 2, 9 : 28o'2 : 6 3 "'2, two comites : 14, 14-5 : io6'5, 272'4 : 39" 7, if -6. Fine y., blsh., '50. I2 m /, 6' w is a pretty quintuple j3 I (situated on the np edge of a large diffused neb. detected by Barnard) : 8'2, 9*8, 87, 87, 12-5 : 82'6, i 3 4-2, I937> 333'i: i*'4,3*-8, 9", i5"-8. Es., pair, 9* p a, 14' n : 8'i, 8'5 : H3'3 : 6*4 ; another 5* p, 3' n: 8, 9 : I58'5 : 8" 7 ; pale or., pale bl. o 03 231). o h 40 m -2, N. 47 51' : 5-5, 12 : 3O3'9 : 32 7/ '8. j3 492. o h 40 m 7, N. 54 46' : 57, 11-3 : 152^7 : 2*'i. ^ 59- h 43 m '3 J N. 50 59' : 7-2, 8-1 : 145 : 2^-2. 7^(27 60). o h 44 m -o, N. 57 23': 4,7-6: 88'6 : 9^7 : y., purp. Fr. 5 '15 : 253'3 : 6 x/ '4. Y., pale garnet, '49, '50 : H. and South, red, grn. De., y., and generally red. Es. comes always pale red. Bin., which has now described about half its orbit. Es., pair, 6J m /: 9-6, 9-8 : H2'3 : 4*-g. 2 65. o h 47 m -6, N. 68 25' : 8, 8 : 35-! : 3". j3 497. o h 48 m< 3, N. 60 40' : 6 : distant comes, at 172, double : 9, 11-5 : i5o'9 : o"'g. v i (j3 1098). o h 50 m -2, N. 58 32' : 6, 13-5 : 75'2 : i2 /x -8. y (j8 1028). o h 5i m> 9, N. 60 17' : 2, 11 : 255^9 : 2 x/ '2. Se. and Huggins, bright lines, F. (variable), and many others. Beautifully contrasted with minute sur- rounding stars. 21' s is j8 1099 : 6'i, 6'8 : 27O'2 : o^'i, '89. A., '12: 34i'8: o"'3. Bin., closely /which Ingall has pointed out a pretty pair ; red, blue, '65. Es., 203 '2 : 2i x/ '2. Orange, blsh. CASSIOPEIA. 75 Espin 45. o h 57 m *o, N. 49 7' : 6*2, 10 : 242 : 7^9. ft 396- o 5 8 m -6, N. 60 39' : 6, 10 : 66' 4 : i"- 3 . 027 23. i h 5 m - 4 , N. 51 19' : 7-5, 8 : 193 : 14^6 : ysh. 27 96. i h 7 m - 4 , N. 64 35' : 7-8, 8'8 : 28o' 9 : i"- 3 . 27 97. i 7 m - 5 , N. 51 6' : 8-5, 87 : 9 8'6 : 4 "- 5 . j8 258. i" 8""4, N. 61 i/ : 6-3, 97 : 268'2 : i". A., '12 : 35 (0227 15). i h i5"7 N - 6 4 *5' = Es., 6-5, 8*5 : 349^7 : 52^-2 : w., or. i/t (27ii7). i h 20 m '2, N. 67 43' : 4-4, 8-9 : ioi'8 : 32^-2 : v.y.,o ; '31. Do., 'oo : 108 : 27^4. 8-9 double ; 9'5 : 253'3 : 3^. ft adds 13-5 to 4-4 : 44'4 : 2 //> 8. 4-4, or., 8-9, bl. '50. 5j-in. showed 8-9 double. 27 131. i h 27 m '8, N. 60 16' : 6, 9-2 : I42*4 : 13^-6. Fr., 7, bl. 27 130. i h 28-7, N. 69 29' : 8, 9 : 187^7 : 7^5 : ysh., ash. 027 33 . i h 3 2 m 'i, N. 58 16' : 7-2, 8-3 : 74^4 : 24*3 : ysh., o. Fr., '14 : 75'9 : 25^7. 44(j3 1103). i h 37 m - 9 , N. 60 9' : 6'2, 12-5 : 3'8 : i"7- 27 148. i h 40 m '3, N. 63 25' : 8-4, 9 : I30'4 : 1^4. MiUer, '04: i4i-6. 27 163. i h 45 m - 4 , N. 64 28' : 6'2, 8-2 : 33'6 : 35": red gold, bl. M g8 . high ? Cols, splendid. De., 6, 8'2. Es., 7, 8-5. Var. ? Fr., ruddy orange, bl. 27 182. i h 5o m 7, N. 60 54': 7, 7 : 302 : 3^6 : yw. Es., cotnes 13*5 : 75*2 : 29^*9. h 55 m> 3, N. 70 31': 5, 7-5: 26 4 - 4 : i": J 7 8. A., '12 : I59'8 : o"'5. Bin. See 25-95 y., now widening. Gomes, I3'6 : 5I'2 : 23 /x 7. 27 191. i h 56 m -o, N. 73 28 : 6'2, 8-5 : 190^7 : 5^6. 49 08 785). i h 57 m '8, N. 75 44' : 6, 13 : 2 4 57 : 5 /A 2. 76 THE STARRY HEAVENS. 02727 26. n h i3 m '9, N - 59 39' : De., 6'i, 6-6 : I99'6 : 63^5- Es., pale or., pale grn. 3 stars make a triangle. i (27262). n b 22 m '4, N. 67 3' : 4-2, 7-1, 8'i : 276^7, IO7'3 : i"'9, 7"'6 : y., bl., bl. Ph., '14 : 25O'6, in-8 : 2"'i, 7"'4. Y., lilac, bl., fine, but easy object, 3^, '50. 27282. n h 34 m '3, N. 65 19' : 8-3, 8-3 : 294 : f. 27283. n h 34 m '3, N. 61 g' : 8, 8-8 : 209^2 : i"'8 : y., ashy. j8, comes 13-5 : 14 '6 : i8"'3. 27306. n h 44 m '9, N. 60 i': 7-1, 9: 93'4: 2"'i. De., comes, 1 1 -5 : 156 -9 : 27"'5. Es., three others, 13-8, 13-5, 13 : 74'3, 112, io5-6 : 17", 19^2, 27"'4. Three more distant. De., triplet sf: 8, n, ii'5 : 2i'5, n'3 : io"7, 20 // '3. ^doubles 8 ; 87, 9-0 : 28o7 : o /x '2. ^335- n h 57 m> 9, N. 63 2/ : 8, 8-5 : I58'5 : 24 // '4 > Fr., '14: i6o-i: 23 /A 3. 02750. m h 4 m 7, N. 71 15': 7-5, 7-5: 2i6-i: i^i. Storey, '09 : I967 : 1^5. 027496. xxm h 26 m '3, N. 58 6' : A, 5-4 ; B, 10 ; C, 7-4 ; 0,8-9: AB, 337-2; 1^-5. AC, 26 9 '2 : 76"-!. CD, 22i'9 : i"'5 : wh., pale r., o., r. A, yw., C, pale lilac, '54. D. doubled C, Perry easy 6J-in. h. comes to C (]8,ii'6 : 337'i : 26^*9) ; two more distant, one of which is double. De., 9*2, 9*6 : 73'5 : 10^3. j8 finds star : 207^6 : 23i /x 'i double, 9-4, 9-8 : 309'! : o x/ -6. h. 1896. xxm b 35 m -o, N. 61 45' : 6, 12 : ft n67 : i6 /A 2. 273037. xxm h 42 m '2, N. 68 i 7 : 7, 8-5, 8-9 : 214, i84'4 : 2*7, 28"'9 : v.y., bl., o. Es., 8'8 : 228'2 : ^"'^. 273038. xxm h 42 m '3, N. 62 13' : 9, 9-5 : 275 : 4 /7 '4. 6 (027508). xxm h 44^9, N. 61 46': 57, 8'2 : i96'2 : i*7 ' vy., o. Fixed, but c.p.m. CASSIOPEIA. 77 Espin 700. xxm h 45 m 7, N. 53 38' : 6*5, 10-5 : 34-g : i4"-6. 2:3047. xxm 53""9,N. 56 56': 87,87: 65'6: i"'2. Storey, '09 : 7O'3 : i". j8, comes 12 : iSg^S : 7-9. (7(2:3049). xxm h 54 m - 9 , N. 55 18': 5-4, 7-5: 323'5 : 3" : grn., v.bl. Wh., tawny, '50. Glorious low- powered field. 2:3053. xxm h 58 m -4, N. 65 39' : 6, 7-3 : 70 : I5"'2 : vy., bl. Fr., '14 : 11-$. STARS WITH REMARKABLE SPECTRA, AND VARIABLES. Es.-Birm. i. o h 5 m '2, N. 63 30' : 87 : R. : h. Ill : var. ? Es. T (var.). o b i8 m> 9, N. 55 21' : 6-9-12-3 : 443^5 : Krueger. Star. o h 38 m 7, N. 64 21' : 10 : V : Ear. U(var.). o h 4i m '9, N. 47 49' : 8-16 : 276 d : Es. Var. o h 42 m -o, N. 50 50' : 7-2-8-6 : ? : Har. W (var.). o h 5o m -2, N. 58 8' : 8-3-12-1 : 4O4 d : Es. Es.-Birm. 14. o h 53 m -o, N. 67 16' : 8'8 : OR. : h. Ill ? Es. S (var.). i h I 3 m 7, N. 72 5' : 7-6-14-5 : 609^5 : Bonn. F. very bright at max. Es. Es.-Birm. 32. i h 5o m 'i, N. 69 49' : 8 : R. : Ar. Ill : Es. X (var.). i h 52 m '9, N. 58 53' : 9-12-3 : 409 d : Es. Es.-Birm. 54a. n h 35 m '3, N. 59 22' : 8'2 : R. : III ? Es. RZ (var.). n h 4i m 7, N. 69 18' : 6-4-7-8 : i d '2 : Algol type. Miiller. SU (var.). n h 44 m -8, N: 68 33' : 5-9-6-3 : i d '95 : Har. V (var.). xxm h 8 m> 2, N. 59 15' : 7-1-12*4 : 23i d *5 : Anderson. Brown, 226 d '6. Star. xxm h n m 7, N. 60 i' : 9 : V : Har. Es.-Birm. 746. xxni b 20 m< 3, N. 58 44' : 9 : R. : IV : Es. 78 THE STARRY HEAVENS. K (var.). xxm h 54 m '3, N. 50 56' : 5-3-12-8 : 43i d '6 : Pogson. Es., comites, 14, 10-5 : j8, 2727, 33O'9: i 4 ",2 7 "-8. Es.-Birm. 762. xxm h 54 m '9, N. 62 26' : ? : R. : Pickering. Es.-Birm. 764. (02^254). xxm h 57 m '2, N.59 55' (De. 6-3, 7-7 : 269-6 : 58^-9), K., bl. Ill or IV 1 Du. Several tiny pairs n, and pair 8 '6, 9*2 : 289 '5 : io"'i : y., bl. : 32' s ; another p. Es. TEMPORARY STAR. According to Ar., it was at o h I9 m> 2, N. 63 35' that the Great New Star flamed out, Nov., 1572, speedily rivalling Venus, so as to be seen at noonday, then fading during sixteen months to utter extinction : there is some idea that similar appearances took place here in 945 and 1264 ; if so, we may possibly witness a repetition of this incomprehen- sible phenomenon. D'A. found a minute star, 10-11 m g near its place, '65, where Ar. could formerly see none. So Es., '78, '80, '89, who has examined this and neighbouring stars without finding anything remarkable in their spectra. Safarik finds it var. The colour of the great star changed from w., through y. and r., to bl. Hind thinks that several var. stars increase bl., are y. after max., and flash red in decreasing. CLUSTERS AND GROUPS. K. o h 28 m '6, N. 62 29' : 4 : w., '50. A little ysh., '55 ; stands in a grand region. One group resembles a capital Y. 225 (H. VIII 78). o h 38 m -8, N. 61 21'. Fine cl., some- what like the letter W ; half way from y to K. 457 (H. VII 42). i h I4 m 'i, N. 57 54', is a very elegant group attending 0, 5 m*. The second star lilac. Red star, 30' n, a little/^. CEPHEUS. 79 581 (M. 103). i b 27 m '9, N. 60 i/. Beautiful field. I / a little n of 8, containing E 131 supra, and red star. 663 (H. VI 31). i h 40 m '5, N. 60 51'. Visible in finder ; field very good, 64 ; 80 showed Sm. 's little pair, S 153 : 8 '5, 97 : 69'2 : 7 /y '5, but not his ruby, 8 m'., '33. 7789 (H. VI 30). xxin h 53 m -o, N. 56 16'. Beautiful large faint cloud of minute stars ; h., 11-18. * A most superb cl.' 'A mere condensed patch,' as Sm. remarks, * in a vast region of inexpressible splendour, spreading over many fields ; including the whole Galaxy through this and the adjacent constellations.' [A beautiful group in a rich field lies about f /8. Glorious region between TT and o.] CEPHEVS. Much more barren to the naked eye than to the telescope. Splendid sweeps and curious groups between a, and the Galaxy. DOUBLE STARS. 272. o h 4 m '9, N. 79 16' : 6-3, 6-6: 34i'5 : o"'8 : y., '30. A., '12 : i28-o : o"'2. Bin. P. 156*6 yrs. (XEEi. o h 9 m -6, N.75 36': De., 6-4, 7: I02'4: 77^1: Fr., '13 : 75 // - 3 . 27 13. o h n m -6, N. 76 30' : 6'6, 7-1 : 124: o^S : yw., '31. Storey, 'n : 89'5 : o^S. Bin. S 34- o h 27^-5, N. 77 40' : 87, 8-8 : 334 : 5"'8. Bird, comes to /star. S 48. o h 37 m -6, N. 70 56' : 7, 7-2 : 333 : 5^5- 2 170. i h 47 m '9, N. 75 50' : 67, 7-5 : 246'8 : 3 /x '2 : yw., bl.w. S 185. i h 54 m '5, N. 75 7' : 7, 8-5 : 40'3 : 1^4. Storey, '09 : 22 '2 : i"'2. Bin. 80 THE STARRY HEAVENS. 27 199. i h 59 m -o, N. 67 18' : 8-5, 8-5 : 21 : 35"'8. 27223. n h i3 m -3, N. 76 i' : 8-5, 9 : 278'4 : 2"'6. 27 320. n h 55""4, N. 79 6' : 6-3, 9-5 : 227 : 4^4 : gold, bl. Test for moderate instruments. ft 1176. m h io m -i, N. 77 27' : 57, 12-5, 13-3 : 277'6, 277'9 : i"-2, io"'9. 27419. m b 34 m -6, N. 69 35' : 7-2, 7-2 (A., 7-3, 10 : 346 : o"'4) : 73 : 3*'i. 27460. m h 56 m '6, N. 80 29': 5-2, 6-1 : 352'6: o"-g : y., blsh. '30. Storey, 'n, 58'5 : o"'8. 272326. xviii h I3 m -i, N. 81 28' : 77, 87 : 20i7 : I5"'6 : w., ash. K (27 2675). xx h n m -6, N. 77 28': 4, 8: 124: 7"'4 : grnsh. w., bl. Wh. or ysh., bl. '50. ft 1134. xx h 20 m -i N. 63 44' : 5-8, 127 : 8o'8 : 4' / '3. 272685. xx h 2i m -8, N. 63 56' : 8-5, 9-1 : 348 -8 : 4"'2. 2:2687. x x h 24 m '4, N. 56 23': 6-5, 8-3: 119: 26^-2: w., ash. 273133. xx h 55^9, N. 61 3': 7-4, 8-9: 102 -4 : 3"-6 : ysh., ash. 272751. xx h 59 m - 9 , N. 56 21' : 6, 7 : 344'! : I'-Q. 24' n is ft 1139 : 6, 12-5 : I38'6 : 1^-9. 272764. xxi h 3 m -8, N. 61 51': 8, 8-5 : 302'2 : 6 /x -8 : Hu. divides 8-5 : 43'6 : o"^. 272771. xxi h 3 m '9, N. 70 27' : 8-8, 8-8 : 2i2'6 : 2*7. 272766. xxi h 4 m '9, N. 58 41' : 8-3, 8-5 : 249'3 : 5"-!. 272780. xxi h 9 m 7, N. 59 40': 6-2, 7*2: 228'8 : i"'i. Storey, '09 : 222 -5. Pale ruby, 7-5, nf. 27 2783. xxi h n m '9, N. 57 58' : 8, 8 : 43'2 : i"'3. Storey, '09: 29'4: i"-o. 272790. xxi h I 7 m -o, N. 58 i/: 5-6, 9-9: 4 6-6: 4 // '5. K., bl. '32. Or., '71. Barnard, comes, 15 : i83'2 : I6". CEPHEUS. 81 Espin 137. xxi h I7 m< 2, N. 61 31' : 6'5, dist. double comes at 74. Doo., 9-3, 12-3 : 7O'3 : 2*7. 2 2796. xxi h i7 m -2, N. 78 16' : 7-3, 8-8 : 43'8 : 24"'6 : w., ashy. Fr., '14 : 25"-$. Espin 138. xxi h i8 m '4, N. 60 24' : 6-5, I2'8 : 265'2 : 8-4. 2:2801. xxi h 20 m '9, N. 80 o' : 7-3, 8 : 273'! : 1^4 : y., ashy y. c.p.m. 2807. xxi h 22^-0, N. 82 10' : 8-2, 8-3 : 3i9'6 : 2^4. 02:440. xxi h 25 m -2, N. 59 24' : 6'2, 10-5 : i88-8 : i2 // 7 : gold, o. j8 (27 2806). xxi h 27 m -6, N. 70 12': 3 (Spect. Bin.), 8: 250-o : i3"-6 : grnsh. w., bl. W., bl., '50. Fr., grnsh. w., purple, '14. Hu. 964. xxi h 28 m -o, N. 66 42' : 6, 12-2 : 276^6 : i"'5. 2:2810. xxi h 32 m -2, N. 58 45' : 7-5,8-5: 290: i6"-g. 1/2812. xxi h 32 m '5, N. 59 18' : 8-7, 9-2 : I26'4 : 2 7/ -i. 2:2813. xxi h 33 m -6, N. 57 / : 8-5,9: 272 -8 : IO'T. 2:2816. xxi h 36 m -5, N. 57 8 X : 6-3, 7-9, 8 : 120-!, 339^7 : n^'7, 20" : ysh., blsh. w. jS sees comes to 6*3 : 137 : 323'5: i"'5- Es - comes I]c '5: 35i'9 : 54". 2:2819. xxi h 37 m '9, N. 57 13' : 7-5, 8-5 : 57-2 :. I2"'4. 2:2837. xxi h 4i m -o, N. 82 34': 8-5, 9: 32i'3 : 2 //1 2. Storey, '10 : 294 *i : 3 /x . r.m. 2:2827. xxi h 4i m -9, N. 63 14' : 8-5, 9 : 2io-6 : 4^3. 2:2858. xxi h 44 m -8, N. 86 30' : 8*5, 8' 7 : i6 4 -3 : 15". 02:451. xxi h 48 m -6, N. 61 14': 7-2, 8-2: 222'9: 4"'$. De., pair 2! n, 9-3, 10-3 : 131 : 3 /7 -2. H 2840. xxi h 49 m> 3, N. 55 25' : 6, 7 : 194-! : 20" : grnsh. w., blsh. w. A splendid pair. Es., 6, pale y. Fr., '14 : i8"-8 : w., purple. S 2843. xxi h 49 m -6, N. 65 22' : 7, 7-2 : I33'5 : 2"'4. Ysh. VOL. II. Q 82 THE STARRY HEAVENS. 2:2845. xxi h 5o m -i, N. 62 43': 8'2, 8-3: 169: 2"'2 : ysh. j3, '05: I72'4: 1*7. 02:457. xxi 53 m - 4 , N. 64 56' : 6-3,8-5: 2 4 i7 : i"' 4 . (2:2863). xxii h !"% N. 64 14' : 4-7, 6-5 : 2 88 '9 : 5"'6 : y., bl. Storey, '10 : 282 7 : 7^3. c.p.m. W., tawny or ruddy, '50. 2:2873. xxn h i m '3, N. 82 29': 6-2, 7: 77'3: i3"-8 : w. ft, '05 : 72'6. Fr., ysh., blsh. '76. 15(02:461). xxn h i m -6, N. 59 29': 5-9, 10-6: 299'8: n"-i : y., o. ft, comes 13-5 : 334 : i8"'3. Fine field. E 2860. xxn h i m 7, N. 60 28' : 77, 9-3 : 25o'8 : 3^3 : v.y., bl. '30. Storey, '10 : 253 : 8"'3. 19 (ft 697). xxn h 2 m 7, N. 61 53' : 5-7, 11-5 : 94^4 : ig"^. 2:2870. xxn h 5 m '4, N. 60 44' : 8-2,9-2: 27i'6 : 5"'4. 2:2872. xxn h 5 m -9,N.5854 / : 7-2: comes (3i67 : 2i"'4), double: 8, 8: 334'5 : o"'5. Storey, '09: 3i7-o : o // 7. 2:2883. xxn h 8 m -8, N. 69 44': 6'2, 8*2: 254 7 : i^'g : blsh. w., bl. Fr., 6'2, ysh., '76. 2:2893. xxn h n m '4, N. 72 55' : 5-5, 7-6 : 348-6 : 28 x/ '8 : ysh., w. Fr., 7*6, bl., '14. 2:2896. xxn h i5 m '9, N. 62 49' : 7-5, 8-5 : 24i'9 : 2i /7 -5. Fr., '14 : 20 7/ -6. 2:2903. xxn h i9 m< 3, N. 66 18' : 7,8: 96'5 : 4 /x '2 : y., bl. 8 (2 1 58). xxn h 26 m -2, N. 58 o' : var., 5-3 : I92'o : 4o"-9 : v.y.,bl. Fr., '13: 41^7. j3, comes 13 : 285'^: ig"'4. Especially fine pair, somewhat like ft Cygni. Goodricke discovered the var. of 8, 4-6-5-3 : 5 d '3667. The leader of the Cepheid type of var. and Sp. Bin. The Light Period and change of brightness in this type is not to be accounted for by an eclipsing pair as in Algol and ft Lyrae. Max. of light equals max. of approach. Min. of CEPHEUS 83 light equals max. of recession, according to Moore. Large field, 6 m /, has three or. stars. i m p 8, 43' s is Krueger6o, a pair 9, 9*2 : , '90 : 56'3 : 26"'8. Barnard, '15 : 59'! : 50^*3, from p.m. of o"'95 in 9, )3 found 9 double : 9, 12 : 178 *8 : 1908, July. 1915, September. PHOTOGRAPHS OP KRUEGEB 60. (Both photographs on the same scale.) By Professor Barnard. By kind permission of Royal Astronomical Society. '90. Barnard, '15 : 69'! : 2"'5. Bin. A most interesting object. The n star of a triangle, the others 8*5 m*. E 2923. xxn b si^-o, N. 69 57' : 6-9, 9-2 : 46^4 : 9"'3 : w., ash. 84 THE STARRY HEAVENS. 0^480. xxn h 42 m '9, N. 57 39' : 7-5,8-2: H7'3 : 3<>*'9- 2 2947. xxn h 46 m -2, N. 68 9' : 7-2, 7-2 : 76 : 3". Storey, '10 : 65'4 : 4^2. " 2:2948. xxn h 46 n '7, N. 66 8' : 7,87: 5'3 : 2"'8. 02:482. xxn h 47 m -8, N. 82 44': 5-2, 9-9: 31: 3"'3 : v.y., o. 27 2950. xxn h 48 m -2, N. 61 16' : 57, 7 : 3i9'i : 2" : y., ash. Storey, '10 : 3o6"4 : 2"*2. FL, naked eye star, yet missed, by F., P., and LI. 272963. xxii h 52 m -2, N. 75 55' : 7-8,8-5: 354'4 ' z"'4- 272961. xxn h 53"% N. 62 27' : 8,8: 348 '6 : 2". 272971. xxii h 55-1, N. 78 4': 7-3, 8-5: 5'2 : 5"'3 : ysh., ash. Hu. 994. xxin h 4 m '5, N. 63 n' : 6-3, 6'8 : 306 : o"'2. TT (027 489). xxm h 5-3, N. 74 5/1 5-2, 7-5: 352'4 : i 77 '! : v.y., purp. '46. Bies., '03 : 52'2 : o"'9. 272996. xxm h 9 m> 4, N. 81 23' : 8*3,87: IO9'2 : 4 /7 -9. 0(273001). xxm h i5 m '3, N. 67 40': 5-2, 7-8: I75'o: 2 /7 '4 : v.y., v. bl. '32. Storey, '10 : 204 '6 : 2*7. Y., ysh. gr. : not remarkable as a contrast '50. 273011. xxm h 22 m -o, N. 76 38' : 8-5,8-8: 334'8 : 6^9. j3 386. xxin h 22 m '8, N. 70 14' : De, 6-5, 11-9 : 3i2'3 : 20"'! . Ho. 200. xxra h 24 m '3, N. 85 57' : 6*5, 12 : 137^7 : 1^7. 273017. xxm h 24 m '4, N. 73 40' : 7-1,8-2: 35'4 : 2^4. j8 996. xxm h 48 m '4, N. 75 6' : 6-4, 12-5 : 68 : 5"'8. 273052. xxiri l 58 in -8,N.5K) 54 / : 7-2,7-8: 7^9 : 33 /A 5. FT., '14 : 7'4 : 34^5- STARS WITH KEMAEKABLE SPECTRA, AND VARIABLES. 8. See under Double Stars. U (var.). o h 55 m 'i, N. 81 26''8: 7-9: 2^4: Algol type. Ceraski. Blsh. at max. Ruddy atjnin., according OETUS. 85 to K. Incr., deer., and min. each 2 h . A diagram from one published by Lord Lindsay will assist in finding this object. K. and j8, two comites \ nearest, j8, irz : 62'3 : T (var.). xxi h 8 m '5, N. 68 10' : 5-1-10-5 : 387* : Ceraski. Es.-Birm. 703. xxi h io m '8, N. 59 47' : 7'5 : R. : Con. des temps. Var. B. 6. xxi h I7 m 7, N. 64 32' : 5*2 : Hy. : Har. Es.-Birm. 706. xxi h 23 m '8, N. 62 14' : 8'8 : v. R. : III : Es. S (var.). xxi h 36 m> 2, N.78i6' : 7-9-13-1 : 485^8 : Hencke. Type IV. fj, (var.). xxi h 4i m> i, N. 58 25' : 4-5 : irreg. The/ Garnet Sidus ' of H., visible to naked eye, 2j s of v. Deep orange, 5j-in. '64, so Slack, '65, and 9-in. '67. Fine III type. Wide pair 45' p, 10' n. /3, comes to ju, : 12 : 25Q'4 : ig"'2. 18. xxn h i m '5, N.'62 44' : 5-9: Ry. : III: Du. Es.-Birm. 725. xxn h 9 m< 7, N. 56 52' : 8'5 : R. in cl, h. Es.-Birm. 729. xxn h 22 m> o } N. 57 26' : 9*2 : R. : E. of Rosse. CLUSTERS. 6939 (H. VI 42). xx h 29 m> 8, N. 60 22'. An obscure cl. of very minute stars. 7654 (M. 52). xxm h 20 m '7, N. 61 9'. Irreg. with or. star, as is frequently the case. CETUS. Large constellation, the leader, a (III type spectrum, and now inferior to )3 ; one or both may have changed), is worth 86 THE STAREY HEAVENS. looking at, as a fine combination of a beautiful or. 2*5 m*. star with 5*5, fine bl. Between them,/, is a pair II m 8 ., the * of which Wa. doubles, n, n: Copeland, 225 : lo"'2. Gore, two minute comites p, a?. DOUBLE STARS. ft 486. o h io m '4, S. 8 13' : 6, 12 : 5'2 : 2"'8. ft 393- o b I4 m '2, S. 21 35' : 6, 8 : n'4 : o"'8. 1 (h. 1953). o h I5 m '4, S. 9 16' : 4, 12 : ft, 17 : 62^9. 12 (h. 322). o h 26 m -o, S. 4 24' : 6, 107 : Doo., I9O'3 : 9 //> 4. "39- o h 30 m '4, S. 5 o' : 6'8, 8-5 : 45'4 : 2o"'i : y.w., blsh. Fr., '14 : 43'4 : 19^-3. Se. doubled 6'8 : 237*o : o"'4. Doo., '10 : 242*! : 0*7. M g . 7-1, 9. 9 var. ? 13 (Ho. 212). o h 3i m '3, S. 4 2' : 5-5, 6'2 : 272'2 : 0^-3 : Bin. A., 6'88 yrs. Also spect. Bin. 2'o8i8 days : comes 12-5 : 65'3 : 38'', '77 ; 56^9 : 30^1, 'oo, from p.m. of AB. h. 323- o* 3 6 m '6, S. 4 47' : ft 6'2, 87 : 28 9 - 9 : 65^1. Y., violet, '50. 2 49- o h 36-7, S. 7 40' : 6-5, 10 : 3 2i'5 : 4 /7 '5. ft '02 : 6 /7 '5 from p.m. ft 494. o h 42 m '9, S. i 41' : 8, 8-2 : I70'6 : i"'4. ft 1160. o h 45 m '4, S. 14 o' : 5-8, 12 : H3'i : i r/ '2. 26-(27 84). o h 59 m 7, N. o 56': 6-6, 9: 252: 16": w., ash. Pale y., bl., '55. c.p.m. i h 0-7, S. 5 54': 8'2, 87: 171: i2 /7 -i. Fr., '14: i53- 9 : 13^-5. i h 3 m -i, S. 2 9' : 67, 7-5 : 328'8 : 3 x/ '9 : ysh.,w. Do., '01 : 3io'i. 37 (2 1 3). i h io m '4, S. 8 21' : 5-1, 7 : 3 3i'4 : 5o /7 'i : yah., o. Y., lilac, or violet '50. c.p.m. np lies another CETUS. 87 pair, 27 101 : 7-5, g'8 : 339'3 : 2i"'3 : y., o. Es., 9-8: bl. 2 106. i b I2-2, S. 7 34' : 8'6, 87 : 3o8'6 : 4"'6. 27 no. i h I 3 m '8, S. 12 45' : 8, 8-5 : 356'8 : f'^ 42(^113). i h 15-7, S. o 55': 6'2, 7-2: 333'6 : i"'2. Furner, '12 : o'0 : i"'6. h. 2036. i h i6 m -o, S. 16 14' : Wilson, 7, 7-5 : 23'9 : i"'4. ft 'oi : i5- 4 . ft 1163. i h 20 m> i, S. 7 20' : 6, 6'2 : I92'3 : o"'2. A., 'oi : 2i3'2. ft 399- i h 23 m '8, S. 11 20' : De., 6-3, 10 : 3O2'3 : i"'6. 48 (See 14). i h 25 m '8, S. 22 3' : 6, 12*8 : 249'6 : 22 // '4. 2 147. i h 37 m> 8, S. 11 43' : 5-3, 6-9 : 86 : 3^5. c.p.m. 27 150. i h 39 m - 4 , S. 7 29' : 7-2, 7*8 : I95'5 : 36 x/ '2. ft 6. i h 40-7, S. 7 io 7 : De., 6-5, 9-2 : 167-! : 2 /7 -6. 27 171. i h 44-7, S. i 49' : 8-5, 8-5 : i57'6 : 27 // ' 9 . FT., '14 : i6o7 : 31^1. ft doubles comes : ir6 : K . i h 45 m 7, S. 11 5' : 5, 7-5 : pale y., blsh. : wide pair. 58 (]8 7). i h 53 m '9, S. 2 27' : 6'2, n : I2'8 : 2^7 : Test for 6-in. achr. About 2 sp 61. P. could not find 58. h. 647. i h 58 m '4, N. 7 18' : ft 8'8, 9-3 : 35 : 26"'6. Blood red, green. ' Very intense and remarkable.' ft, col. not very striking. Es., 9, fine red, III type. 61 (H. V 102). i h 59-7, S. o43' : 7, n : I93'3 : 42*7. comes very obvious with averted eye, 7 pale or., '50. B. another, 13 : ft, 326 0< 3 : 80". /, a little s, is 27 218 : 7, 8 : 250 : 4 /7 '8 : w., bl. A little p, pale ruby with dist. II m*. ; sp 7 m g . with 2 small comites. 66 (27 231). n h 8 m 7, S. 2 46' : 6, 7-8 : 228'9 : is^ : ysh., bl. Do., 'oi : 232'2. c.p.m. 88 THE STARRY HEAVENS. ^265. n h 20 m -4,S.27"- 8-2,87: i36-6: 12". 24 sec./, 21' s,27266: 8-2,87: 268'3: f-^ j8 518. n h 25 m '3, N. 9 13' : 6-4, 11-3 : i 3 8 7 : 1*7. 2^274. n h 27 m '4, N. o 45' : 7-2,77: 2i8'2 : 13^5. 272 7 6. n h 28-4, N. 5 59' : 8-8, 8-8 : 25 3 - 3 : 2^3. 27280. n h 30 m 'i, S. 5 59' : 7-5, 7-7 : 34 9 -8 : 3"'8 : ysh. v (27 281). ii h 31-6, N. 5 15' : 5, 9* : 8 3 '3 : 7"7-> 7-, ash. 84 (27295). n b 37 m -i, S. i 2' : 6, 9-2 : 334'6 : f-g : y., ash. Doo., '99 : 320'6. y (27299). "" 39 m '2> N. 2 54' : 3, 6-8 : 28 7 - 4 : 2'% : ysh., ash. c.p.m. 6'8, tawny, '50. De., olive grn., '54. Ash, '65. Fr., ruddy, or dusky, '76. 27 3 i 3 . n" 4 5<"-6, N. 8 3 / : 87, 9 : 191 : 5 *- 4 . 27 323. n h 48^-4, N. 6 9' : 8, 8 : 2 8 3 -2 : 2 x/ -5. 330. n h 53 m 'i, S- o 53' : 7-5, 9-5 : I 9 i-i : 8 /7 -8 : v.y., blsh. ^332. n h 53 m '7, N. o 6' : 8-5, 8-5 : 52^9 : 12*7. ^334- n b 55 m -i, N. 6 20': 77, 8*2 : 322'8 : i /x -6. Bowyer, 3 n : 3i4'5. j8 528. m h 4 m '4, S. 3 54' : 8-5, 8-5 : i97'5 : i". 6' np 2:358: 8-5,11-3: 349'3: I5''2. 27 1 6. m h 4 m '9, N. 7 9' : 7, 7 : i62-6 : 81". 94 (h. 663). m h 8 m 7, S. i 30' : De., 5-5, 11-5 : 253'! : 5 x/ -i : y., o. ft '04 : 249'3 : 4^4. 2:367. m b 9 m -9, N. o27': 8, 8: ioi'4: o"'g. ^.,'04: 2io'2: 0^6. 95(A.C.2). m h I4 m '3, S. i 14' : ft 6, 8-5: ii2'8: 0^4. ft single, '90, '91. A., '06, i66'4 : o// '4- Bin - 2:3046. xxm h 52 m '3, S. 9 57': 8, 8-5: 232'2: yw. Hu., '02: 2507: 3^1. OETUS. 89 STARS WITH REMARKABLE SPECTRA, AND VARIABLES. LI. 158. o h io m> 4, S. 8 14' : 5-8 : III : Ear. 7. o h io m -6, S. 19 22' : 5 : III : Har. T (var.). o h I7 m> 7, S. 20 30' : 5-4-6-9 : Irr. : Chandler. S (var.). o b 20 m< o, S. 9 46' : 7-9-14-5 : 32O d> 2 : Borrelly. v i h 56 m '2, S. 21 28' : 4-1 : Ry. : III : Du. LI. 3717. i h 5 6 m -5, S. 9 52' : 5-8 : Ry. : III : D'A. o (Mira). n h I5 m '3, S. 3 20' : 1-7-9*6 : 33i d '6. Fabricius. h., very full ruby ; I found no trace of red, '78 ; a was ruddier. Fl., less red than gas flame. j3, comes, 13 : 88-5': 75^-3. An 8'2 : 82'4 : 116". Period and brightness are not always the same. One of the most interesting problems of modern astronomy is the question whether the irregu- larities of some var. stars may not be like the maxima and minima of sun spots, phases of some general law. Such a connection has been shown by Professor Turner to exist in the case of S Persei and sun spots. Spectrum III type, with hydrogen lines beyond F bright, and sometimes F. R (var.). n h 22 m -o, S. o 33' : 7*8-14 : 167* : Ar. U (var.). n h 29 m> 9, S. 13 30' : 7-1-12-8 : 235 d '8 : Sawyer. X (var.). m h I5 m '3, S. i 22' : 8-13 : 176^5 : Wells. V (var.). xxm h 53 m *8, S. 9 24' : 8-5-14-5 : 26i d : Peters. W (var.). xxm h 58 m 'O, S. 15 9' : 6-5-12 : 366 d : Skinner. NEBULA. 584 (H. 1 100). i b 27 m '3, S. 7 if : round, bright centre. E. of Rosse and D'A. another fainter sf. 936 (H. IV 23). n h 23 m '6, S. 1 32'. Faint, diffused, and very hazy object. Another/ 1055 (H. 1 1). n h 37 m -6, N. o 6'. Faint neb. Es. 90 THE STARRY HEAVENS. io68(M.77).ii h 38 m -6,S.o2i'. i/^ a little s. Small, faintish ; very near 9 m g . star. H. thought it at least 900 times more distant than I m g . star ! But qu. these inferences now ? E. of Rosse, spiral, bl. L. 0. spect. 5 bright lines and two dark ones. COMA BERENICES. A gathering of stars which obviously requires distance only to become a nebula to the naked eye. Sweeping poor, except nebulae. DOUBLE STABS. 2(^1596). xii h o""2, N. 21 55': 6, 7-5: 240 '6 : 3*7 : w., bl. Yw., rosy, '48. 02:245. xn b I3 m '5, N. 29 23' : 6% 10*2 : 275'! : 8"'3. 2 1633. xn h i6 m 7, N. 27 31' : 7-1, 7-2 : 245'! : 8*7. Very pretty, solitary. 11 (Ho. 52). xn h i6 m 7, N. 18 14' : 5, 13 : 43*5 : 9 "-i. 12 (HA. 395). xn h i8 m '5, N. 26 18': 27, 4-5, 8-5: i67'3 : 66"'i. Y., rosy, '52 : 8-5, pale bl., '72 ; K., grey lilac, '72 ; Fr., lilac, '77. j8 nearer star, 12*5 : 54'! : 35". ij sp 16., the ' lucida ' of the con- stellation, which is beautifully placed in a little triangle of 8 or 9 m g . stars ; curious row of 4 stars p. 27 1639. xnh 20 m *4, N - 26 2' : 67, 7*9 : 290 : i"'2 : w., ashy w. Greenw., '12 : 345*! : o"'6. Bin. 2 1643. xn h 23 m '2, N. 27 29' : 8-4, 87 : 7i'2 : 1^-9. Greenw., '12 : 357 : 2". 17 (27 1 21). xn h 24 m '9, N. 26 22' : 4-8, 6 : 25o7 : I45' x '4. j8 doubles 6, 137 : I56'8 : i*-8. 27 1652. xn h 28 m '5, N. 21 33' : 9, 9 : i8i'9 : 6". 24 (27 1657). xn h 3i m '2, N. i849' : 47. 6 ' 2 : 27i'9 : 20 // '4 : y., v. bl. COMA BERENICES. 91 27 1678. xn h 4i m> 4, N. 14 49' : 6-3, 7 : 2ii'6 : 32"'6 : v.w., yw. ft, '04 : I94'3. Z 1685. xn h 48 m> o, N. 19 36' : 6'8, 7-3 : 200'8 : 15^-8 : w. Fr., yw. 32 (271 23). xii h 48""2, N. 17 30' : 5-3, 6'i : 48'4 : I94"'8 : yw. 35 (2 1687). xii h 49 m - 4 , N. 21 41' : 5, 7*8 : 25'3 : i"'4 : ysh., bl. Ph., '14 : 89'3 : i*'i. Bin. comes, 9 : I247: 28"'6. E 1696. xn b 53 m -6, N. 30 48' : 8, *8'2 : 202'5 : 3"'6. 2 1699. xn b 54 m -9, N. 27 55' : 7'*, 7* : l0 ' 2 : *"'$ 37 05 1081). xn h 56""4, N. 31 13' : 4-5, 13-8 : 35i- 3 : 5"-!. h. 2638. xin h 2 m '4, N. 29 27' : 6, 14, 15 : ft, 2i8'9, 7'2 : 6"*5, 40 //> 3. ft doubles nearer comes: 11*5, 117 : 237*3 : 0^-5. Lewis, '01 : 22i'3. S 1722. xm h 4 m '5, N. 15 55' : 7-8, 8'8 : 343'9 : 3 f '5 ' ysh. blsh. Bies., '03 : 336'8 : 3^-1. 42 (S 1728). xm h 6 m 'i, N. 17 57' : 6, 6 : g'5 : 0^6 : '27. An interesting Binary with the shortest period of all the stars, the plane of the orbit being nearly in the line of sight, the two stars making an occul- tation about every 13 years, then widening to o''6, the position angle being invariable at about 190. Period, See, 25*56 years. Greenw., '12 : o"'2. OS 266. xm h 24 m '5, N. 16 /: 7-3, 7-8: 324'3 : i"'2. Greenw., '12 : 343'6 : i"'9. A 567. xm h 29 m 'o, N. 24 25' : 5-8, 12-5 : 269'3 : 1^4. 2 1756. xni h 29 m '5, N. 23 26' : 8-5, 9 : I76'8 : 14^2. S 1760. xm h 30-6, N. 26 41' : 8,8: 65: 8^5. STABS WITH REMARKABLE SPECTRA, AND VARIABLES. R (var.). xn h o m '2, N. 19 14' : 8-15 : 36i d< 8 : Schonfeld. 10 sec. p, 3' w is a 7-5 : OR. : III : Es. 92 THE STABRY HEAVENS. 36. xn h 55 m -o, N. 17 50' : 4-8 : OR. : III : D'A. 40 (var.). xm h 2 m '5, N. 23 3' : 5*5-5*9 : 37 d ? Guthnick. CLUSTERS AND NEBULA. 4147 (H. 1 19). xn h 6 m -o, N. 18 59'. Globular cl. 4251 (H. I 89). xn b I4 m 'i, N. 28 37'. Lengthened. 4274 (H. I 75). xn h I5 m '8, N. 30 4'. Oblong ; nucleus. 4278 (H. I 90). xn h i6 m 'i, N. 29 43'. Nucleus like 10. m g . star ; a faint neb. nfihia. 4382 (M. 85). xn h 2i m> 4, N. 18 38'. Fair specimen of the many neb. in this region ; midway from 24 toward n, the nearest bright star p, a little s. D'A. ,f ainter neb.y* 4494 (H. I 83). xn h 27 m '4, N. 26 13'. Near star 6 m*. 4559 (H. I 92). xn b 32 m> o, N. 28 24'. h., club-shaped. L.P. spiral. 4565 (H. V 24). xn h 32 m '4, N. 26 26'. Long streak with parallel patch on / edge. * Extraordinary phenome- non/ E. of Rosse, about 15', nucleus projecting into dark lane, sky p neb. darker than elsewhere. Very faint 3^-in. ; well seen, g-in. spec. Lick photo, centre cut in two by dark (Absorption ?) Band, and there is a central star. 4725 (H.I 84). xn b 46 m -5,N.2556'. Star-like nucl. E. of Rosse, incomplete oval ring round it. L.P., spiral. 4826 (M. 64). xn h 52 m> 8, N. 22 7'. Magnificent large bright neb. blazing to a nucleus, h., resolvable, nucl. pro- bably double star, with vacuity below it. E. of Rosse, circular shaped, with dark and light spot on one side, around which is a close cluster of well-defined little stars. Rather faint 3 iV m - L-R, spiral. 5024 (M. 53). xm h 9 m< o, N. 18 35'. Brilliant mass of minute stars (h., 11-15), blazing in centre, h., curved appendages. E. of Rosse, diam. 3'. Not very bright 3i%-in. ; beautiful 9-in. CORONA BOREALIS. 93 CORONA BOREALIS. A constellation resembling more than usual the object whose name it bears. DOUBLE STARS. 2 1932. xv h i4 m '9, N. 27 / : 5'6, 6'i : 273'8 : i"'6. Greenw., '12 : 358'3 : o"'6. 2 1935. xv h i6 m '9, N. 30 59' : 8*5, 87 : 290^ : 8^4. 2 1936. xv b I7 m 7, N. 27 19' : 8-5, 9 : 23i'9 : 2o"'3. i) (2 1937). xv b I9 m '9, N. 30 34' : 5'2, 57 : 35'3 : i"'i : y. '26. A., '12 : 437 : 0^-9. Disc. 1781 by H. Bin. 41*5 yrs., Do. Greatest dist. : i*'i, P. 32 (1907), now closing with increasing angle. Least dist. o"'45 at 270 about 1936. Split, but difficult, 9J-in. spec. '78 when o"*6. P.M. o>"'2 is increasing the dist. of a faint star n (j3, '98 : 16 : 54"'!). 2 1941. xv h 22 m< 3, N. 26 54' : 87, 87 : 232^7 : i"'6. 2 1950. xv h 26-5, N. 25 47' : 67, 8'2 : 93'2 : 3^2 : gold, bl. 2 1963. xv h 34 m -6, N. 30 22' : 7-3, 77 : 29i'2 : 4^2. 0, comes : 12*5 : H5'9 : 31". B, small pair, near. 2 1964. xv b 35 m '2, N. 36 30' : 6'8, 7-3 : 86'0 : is'^ : ysh. 2, comes double : 8'8 : 8'i : 1^-3, and Hu. divides 6'8: 89'2 : 0^8. 5 (2 1965). xv b 36 m> 4, N. 36 54' : 4-1, 5 : 3oo 0> 9 : 6" : grnsh, w., grnsh. Flushed w., blsh. grn. '50. y (2 1967). xv h 39 m '4, N. 26 33' : 4> 7 : IIlG : "7 : grnsh, w., purp., '26. Bin. Lewis, 87-8 yrs. The plane of the orbit is nearly in the line of sight, and hence the change is mainly in distance. Greenw., '12 : H4'9 : 0*7. Now closing with decreasing 94 THE STARRY HEAVENS. 2:1973. xv* 43 m ^,N. 36 41': 7-3,8-5: 323'4: 3o"'6. Fr., '15 : 3i9'9- (A.G.C. 8). xv h 54 m - 3 , N. 27 /: ft 4, 12-5 : 36o'2 : i"- 9 . c.p.m. r (j8 1087). xvi b 6 m -i, N. 36 42' : 5i, 13-8 : 169-! : 3^1. 027305. xvi h 8 m -6, N. 33 33' : 5-8,9-8: 26o'5 : 5"'2. 2:2029. xvi h io m< 6, N. 28 56' : 7-5,9*3: i87'5: 6^3. a If 2032). xvi b n m 7, N. 34 i': 5, 6'i : I347 ' I/f '4 - ysh., blsh. '36. Greenw., 'n : 217-! : 4"-9. Bin. of long period. Great divergence as to cols. South, comes ' certainly not bl. ; it differs very little from large star in col,' '25. De. } w., some- times y., sometimes ashy, '54-*78. Se., comes sometimes bl., sometimes y., '55-7. K., v. pale y., bl., '71. Comes sometimes ruddy, sometimes blsh. to me, '5O-'55, '62. Se., m 88 . very discordant. De., 5'3> 6-5 ; '54-'5, mean '63-78 ; 5-8, 67. More than J mag. diff. to me, '55~'62. 27, comes 10*5 : 88-8: 43^7, '36. Lewis, 'n : 83'2 : 65^2. H., another, 13 : Ha., 22i'7 : i^'g, '76. Hu., '98 : 209 : n /A 2, both altering from p.m. of a (o"^ towards 259). v( 2 1 29). xvi h I 9 m '3, N. 33 59 r : 4-8, 5-1 : i65'6 : 37i /x '9 : y. Maiebckato, '91 : 366 // '6fromp.m. Stars equal both deep y., '55, and a 6 m g . grey,/. 5j-in. showed H.'s comes to v 1 (j3, 10*5 : 237*5 : 67 // *5). v 2 has a comes 10 m g ., '50-'55 (ft i6 0> 2 : i03 //> 6). STARS WITH REMARKABLE SPECTRA, AND VARIABLES. U (var.). xv h I4 m '9, N. 31 56' : 7-6-37 : 3^4 : Algol type : Winnecke. S (var.). xv h i8 m 'i, N. 31 39' : 67-12-7 : 36i d< 2 : Hencke. CORONA BOREALIS. 95 R (var.). xv h 45 m< 3, N. 28 24' : 5-5-12-5. One of the most remarkable variables in the heavens, remaining sometimes for a year without alteration in light, sometimes falling rapidly. Es. finds var. in colour faint yellow to orange. The spectrum is peculiar, having bright lines, but probably not those of hydrogen. Sometimes bands appear. The bright lines have dark lines, as the star turns to orange, on the more refrangible side. X (var.). xv h 45 m '9, N. 36 31' : 8-3-14 : 25o d : Har. V (var.). xv h 46 m 7, N. 39 49' : 7*2-12 : 356 d '5 : IV. Duner. Z (var.). xv h 53 m *o, N. 29 29' : 8 9, S. 14 30' : 7-2, 8-2 : 99'! : i"'2. 8 (Eh. 396). xn h 25*7, S. i64' : De., 3, 8'5 : 214 : 24^3. Yw., lilac, '51. c.p.m. ft 28. xn h 25 m '9, S. 12 57' : De., 6-4, x>'2 : 3537 : i-"-8. Doo., '05 : n7 : 2"'2. E 1664. xii b 34 m -2, S. 11 3' : 77, 8'8 : 27i'6 : if'i : y., bl. '30. ft '04 : 2427 : 23^6. 2:1669. xn h 37 m % S- 12 33': 6-5, 6-5: 298^ : 5^-4: yw. Hu., '04 : 3o6'5. Sa., comes : 10-5. Hu. 738. xn h 39 m -6, S. 11 34' : 6-3, 11-5 : 243'6 : 6^5. VARIABLES. K (var.). xn h I5 m '5, S. 18 48' : 7'5-i2'6 : 318^5. Kar- linski. 5 sec./, 4' n, is a 7*8 : yR. : III. Du. ft. xn h 30 m> o, S. 22 57' : pale y., '52, is inserted to be watched for var. Sm. found, '31, that though possessing no Arabic name, and lettered ft by Bayer, it was unquestionably the brightest in the con- stellation. H., 1783, gave the order, y, 8, ft a ; 1796, y, ft, 8, a, with but little diff. between them. I found them, '52, '54, '59, '61, y, S, ft a. Fr., '78, CRATER. 97 y, 8, j8, , a. Gould considers that j3, y, 8, are all subject to change. Pickering finds the spectra of . y, 8, of type I, while a, e, jS are varieties of type II. The diS. of colour may have something to do with the apparent var. y has been found to be a spect. Bin. by the Lick observers. NEBULA. 4361 (H. I 65). xn b 20 m '4, S. 18 20' : H., resolvable. Nucleus. CRATER. Like Corvus, an appendage of Hydra. DOUBLE STARS. A 1774. x h 59 m '5, S. 10 53' : 6, 10-5 : 269- 4 : 3*7. S 1509. xi h 2 m '5, S. 12 59' : 7-2, 9 : if '2 : 32"'9 : 7-, o. |8 220. xi h 8 m '5, S. 18 4' : De., 6-4, 6-9 : I43'6 : o"'6. 1530. xi h I5 m 7, S. 6 28' : 7-8, 8-2 : 3i4'6 : 7"'6. 10 m g . pair in field . About 45' p is a fine pair. HA., 368 : 7, 9 : w., blsh. /?, 97'4 : 6o //> 5, who doubles prin- cipal star, 6J, 12 : 226 '4 : i"*2. A., '98 : 24O*6. y (h. 840). xi h 20 m '9, S. 17 15' : 4. 9'5 : Doo., g67 : 5^1. j3 1078. xi b 35 m -8, S. 14 i' : 6-3, 12-2 : 49^8 : 8"'2. jS 1079. xi b 56 m> 6, S. 21 20' : 6'2, 13-3 : I47'9 : n // 7- STAR WITH REMARKABLE SPECTRUM, AND VARIABLES. R (var.). x h 56 m '6, S. 17 53' : 8-9 : irr. : Baxendell. h., ' scarlet, almost blood-colour, a most intense and curious col.' Closely y a. Ill type. A star 9 m 8 . (K., 10, '66), pale blue p. Es.-Birm. 336. xi h 47 m> 2, S. 10 46' : 8*4 : R. : III : Es. S (var.). xi h 48 m '6, S. 7 10' : S'2-9'2 : ? : Har. VOL. II. H 98 THE STARRY HEAVENS. CYGNUS. This fine cruciform constellation occupies a prominent position in the Galaxy, and its low-powered fields are over- powering in magnificence. The region s of y is remarkable as containing many red stars (which led B. to call this part of the heavens the ' Red Region of Cygnus '), also there is here a group of V type stars. The principal star, Deneb, has no perceptible parallax or proper motion ; so far deserv- ing the title, usually very inappropriate, of a fixed star ; hence we must infer amazing distance, and magnitude surpassing possibly that of Arcturus, Wega, or even Sirius itself. Huggins believes that it is approaching us at about 39 miles per second. The Galaxy near y begins to separate into two streams. Pickering finds that Sirian , tars have a marked affinity for the Galaxy, and Monck that solar stars lie usually outside of it, and are more uniformly distributed, and have larger proper motions. Hence it is inferred that the solar stars are separate from the Sirian, and nearer to us. Du. notes that IV type stars are mainly found near the medial line of the Galaxy, and the further they are from it the brighter they are. Es. finds that the V type stars accumulate at the bifurcation of the Milky Way. Almost all the temporary stars have appeared in this part of the heavens. Planetary nebulae are also closely associated with this part of the Milky Way, and it is a highly suggestive fact that while the Nova Aurigse and other Novae turned into planetary nebulae, we have no case of a nebula con- densing into a star. DOUBLE STARS. S 2479. xix h 7 m 7, N. 55 12' : 7, 9-4 : 38'o : 6"'6. De. , 7 double, 20'2 : o"'6. Storey, '10 : I3'6 : o"'5. CYGNUS. 99 2:2486. xix h io m -o, N. 49 41' : 6,6-5: 224 'S : io"'5 : y. : '32. ft '05 : 217 : 9^2. Equal, '71, so Fr., '76. Large c.p.m., singular and beautiful field. ^2507. xix h i7 m -3, N. 44 13' : 8-2,9-3: I367 : 23"'9. Fr., '14 : I4O'2 : 26". h., comes 109-3, ft I02'4 : 6^5. j8 1129. xix h i9 m -8, N. 52 13' : 6-3, 6-3 : 344'3 : o"'3. A., '06 : 389-2. 2:2522. xix h 22 m -6, N. 28 36' : 7-5, 9 : 239'2 : 4"'4. 2:2525. xix h 23 m '3, N. 27 10": 7-4, 7*6 : 255^ : 1^-3 : ysh. Greenw., '12 : 3o6'3 : o //< 7. 2:2524. xix h 23 m '3, N. 25 20': 8-3, 8-5: IO4'6 : f'2. Bowyer, '12 : 98'9 : 6"'6. 2:2534. xix h 24 m -8, N. 36 22': 7-8, 8: 62: 6"'8, v.w. W., bl., '50. Fine field, closely /4. Pair. xix h 26 m '7, N. 28 33' : 7-5, 12 : est. 90 : 40" : R., intense bl. B. I. 43). xix* 27-5, N. 27 47' : 3, 5'3 : 557 : 34*'3, y., bl. One of the finest in the heavens. I have seen the cols, beautifully by putting the stars out of focus. Sm. observes that they are actually different, not, as may sometimes be the case, complementary, from mere contrast ; an effect which is seen when the bright y. light of a lamp makes the moon appear blue, and which Schm. witnessed to a remarkable degree at his observatory on Vesuvius during the great eruption of '55, when the sky was as green as bottle glass, and the full moon a lively green through openings in red clouds of smoke and steam. A similar result may take place with some double stars, but not with all, as is proved by hiding the larger star behind a bar in field. Hence artificial light is misleading in 100 THE STARRY HEAVENS. estimating star cols. 3 has been suspected of var. Huggins finds the spectra of the pair comple- mentary. 2 2538. xix b 28""5, N. 36 32' : 8'2, 8-3 : 245'3 : 53". 8-3, comes, 87 : 52 0- 6 : 6"*i. j3, comes to 8*2 : 13 : 4O'9 : 4"'4, and a minute star between the pairs. 2:2539. xix h 28 m< 9, N. 28 6': 7-9, 97: 5'2 : $"'4. jS, comes 13 : 328 : 4 / "'8. 272542. xix h 3i m -o, N. 52 49' : 8*2, 87 : 254'! : 11^3. Group. xix h 31, N. 28 26'. Two pairs and triplet. 6 (j8 1131). xix h 34 m 3, N. 50 2' : 5, 14-5 : 4 3 '9 : 3 "'6. Ho. in. xix h 36 m 7, N. 33 47' : 6-5, n : o'8 : o"'8. Comes 12*1, Doo., 270 : 24"'3. 02:382. xix h 38 m '8, N. 27 4': 77, 7-6: 355'3 : 0^3. 2 m /, 16' n is j8 658 : 6*5, 10 : 295'2 : o"'6. 16(2:1.46). xix h 39 m 7, N. 50 20': 5-1, 5'3 i36'3 : 37"'3 : yw. c.p.m. Ho. 453. xix h 40^-8, N. 33 59' : 6*5, 13 : 49^2 : 1^5. 02:384. xix h 4i m -o, N. 38 8' : 7,7-3: 195 -9 : i". 2:2576. xix h 42 m '5, N. 33 26' : 7-8, 7-8 : 3i8'8 : 3 /7 -6 : y. Bowyer, '12 : 286'3 : 2," . j8, two small comites. 8(2:2579)- xix h 42"'5,N. 44 56': 3, 7'9 : 4O7 : I/7 '9 grnsh., ash., '26. Bies., 'n : 287''6 : i"-6. Disc, by H. in 1783. Difficult because comes falls on interference ring ; often easy in twilight, but invis. in a dark sky. Du. says, ' Rarement j'ai observe 1'etoile apres le coucher du soleil.' Comes has been thought var. in col. (red to blue) and mag. Noble has seen it with 4|-in. achr. Slow Bin. Ellison, several dist. comites. Es. one, at 64'4, j^o", double : 11-5, I2'5 : 3io'4 : 2 //I 6, with comes f. D., pair : 7-5, ii'2 : 266 : 2 //> 3, 12' s. Es., another; 9-3, 9-5: 2I47 : 7*7, 10' sf. CYGNUS. 101 Webb, pair, 6 m * /, Holmes adds comes. Es., another fainter ; Es., 7-5, ir6, 15, 9 : I34'8, I03'3> 327 : 7"'9> io*7. 3i"'5- 7*5 is orange. Fine group I J n of 8. 2:2578. xix h 42 m 7, N. 35 54' : 6'6, 7-4 : I26'8 : I4"'8. Wa., several minute comites. 02:2:191. xix h 42""9, N. 34 49' : De., 6, 8 : 28'! : 38^1 : y., azure. Orange, bl., '49. Beautiful. x i (2:2580). xix h 43 m -4, N. 33 33' : 5-1, 8'i : 73'4 : 25*7 : v.y., bl. c.p.m., beautiful field. 02^192. xix h 43 m '5, N. 32 42' : De., 6, 8 : 202'3 : 32"'! : gold, or y., bl. Ho., adds 13 : 238'6 : 3"-!, and ft 14 : 2i5'4 : 9*7. 02:386. xix 45-6, N. 36 58' : 77, 8 : 7 7'5 : i". Espin 84. xix h 46 m '6, N. 38 31' : 6-5, ir6 : I56'3 : n^4- j8 comes 12 : 98'2 : 22 7/ -4. 02:389. xix h 48*7, N. 30 5/1 6-9, 8-8: 183: 12"'8. Es., comes 12 : 3o6'5 : 9 /7> 4. r) $ 980). xix h 53 m '3, N. 34 52' : 5, 13 : 209^6 : f'l, with two dist. 11*5. Curious trapezium, io m /. ^(2:2605). xix h 53 m -6, N. 52 13' : 5, 7-5 : i84'6 : 3 // - 3 , w., ash. W., lilac, '50. Fr., 5, grnsh. w., '76. 02:393. xix h 55 m '3, N. 44 io 7 : 7-5, 8-4 : 227^4 : 2i /7 '2 : rsh., blsh. Es., '13 : 20"'!. 2:2607. xix h 55 m> 2, N. 42 3': 7-2,9: 293'4 : 3^2: w., ash, '31. Or., bl., 9-in. spec., '71 ; so Fr., '76. Heis., 6 m g . De., 6'8, 8-3; 02:, 7-2, double; comes 9 : 32i'9 : o"^, '44. Lewis, '04 : 305'4 : o"^. Bin. 2:2606. xix h 55^4, N. 33 3' : 7-5,8-2: 131: i"'2. 2:2609. xix h 55 m 7, N. 37 53' : 7, 8'i : 29'! : 2"'4- 2:2610. xix h 56 m 'i, N. 35 19' : 8'i, 8'6 : 2:2611. xix h 56 m '4, N. 47 8' : 8, 8 : 26'4 : 102 THE STARRY HEAVENS. 027394. xix h 57""2, N. 36 12' i 7, 9-8 : 295'4 : 11". Es., orange, bl. 34" /, n' n a pretty quadruple : 7 w., 10 r., n, 11-5 bl. 272619. xix h 58 m 7, N. 48 3' : 8-1, 8-1 : 244'9 : 4"'3. h., comes 12. 027 another. 26(02727i 97 ). xix h 59-1, N. 49 53' : De., 5-3, 8-5 : I46'3 : 4i"7 : gold, or y., bl. )8, comes to 8-5 : n : 73^7 : 9* '. 272624. xx h o m '5, N. 35 48' : 7-2, 7-8, 9-5 : I78'8, 327'4 : 2" : 42"'4. Es., comes 13 : 170-! : 30". h. 1470. xx h o m> 8, N. 38 6' : ruddy y., contrasted green. Se., 7, 8 : 335'2 : 23"'8 : pale clear r., intense bl. * Colori superbi.' Ar. 7-2, 9*4 : B., 8, 10. Es., 7-2, 9 : 337'5 : 29"'3 : '14. 272626. xx h i m -o, N. 30 19' : 8, 8-2 : I2i7 : i"'2. 272639. xx b 6 m '2, N. 35 15' : 77, 87 : 5"'6 : yw., ashy w. Beautiful. 272645. xx b 7 m - 3 , N. 51 26' : 8,8-3: i 3 6-9: i"'5. ^430. xx h 8 m -6, N. 35 35': De., 9-5,10, 97: i 7 7 , 272649. xxh 9 m '*> N - 3i 50' : 77> 8'8 : I52'3 : 26"'! : yw., ashy. Fr., '14 : 23^-3. p.m. o (271. 50). xx h H-I, N. 46 30' : 37, 5, 6-5 : 3237 X 74 : 337 // '8, io6 x/> 8 : v. y., 2 blue. Sm. found the smaller stars cerul. bl. when the larger one was concealed ; 27 also called them bl. ' insignes,' '36. But I have noticed 5, w., 3^-in. '50 ; w., or ysh., ' with an eye of bl.,' 5j-in. '65 ; pale y., with a cast of bl., 'a strange but accurate description ' ; same cols., 9J-in. spec., '67, '69. Sa., same cols. There is a comes. ]8, 13 : 33i7 : 36 //> 8. adds fainter one : 169 '6 : 43 //- 2, nearly between 37 and 6'5, and sees 3 others to 6*5. Es., comes to 5, 13-1 : 2507 : 34^6. OYGNUS. 103 2^2658. xx h n m> 5, N. 52 52': 7, 9-1, 10-2: I26'9, 2i6-8 : 5"-5>32"'i : yw., bl., o. Es., '10 : ii57> 2io'2 : 5*7, 45"'2, comes to 9-1, 14 : 83'4, n"'2. A 283. xx h i2 m '3, N. 33 39' : 6, 14 : 295'9 : 2"'5. Ho. 588. xx h 13-7, N. 31 15' : 6-5, 8-3 : 298^7 : 51" : 8*3, comes, 12 : 15 : 8" '2. 22663. xx h 13-9, N. 39 27' : 8, 8-5 : 324'9 : 5"'3- )3 661. xx h I4 m 'i, N. 40 7' : 6'2, 12-5 : 67 : I2"'6. j8 441- xx h i4 m - 4 , N. 28 53' : 6'2, 11-5 : 657 : 5*7- 2:2667. xx h I4 m '9, N. 45 23' : 8'2, 8-5 : 225^7 : 8"'i. 272666. xx h I5 m '3, N. 40 28' : 6-5, 87 : 242 : 2*7 : v.w., blsh. Several faint dist. comites. 2:2671. xx h i6 m '4, N. 55 8' : 6, 7-4 : 341-! : 3" : w., ash. Fr., tawny, '76. A pretty pair. 2:2668. xx h I7 m '3, N. 39 9' : 7, 9-2 : 293'6 : 3 /x '3 : yw. ash. A. divides 7, 9 : m 0< 9 : o /r> 2. j3663- xx h i8 m -2, N. 53 21': 6-3, 15-2, 12-5: 3i3'6, A. C. 17. xx h i8 m '3, N. 51 12' : 6, nj : 8o'2 : 3 // '8. y Cygni. xx h I9 m> 3, N. 40 o 7 : 3 m g ., )3, dist. comes (196 : 141") double, 10-4, 10*4 : 302 : i"'8. Es., a red III type, 12' n, var. ? Brilliant field/, and splendid sweeping s, especially between 36 and 37. 02:2:207. xx h 20 m '2, N. 42 43': De., 6-5, 77: 63'!: 96 7/ '4. Fr., '13 : 93 7/ '5. Ho. divides 6-5, n : 34'6 : 0-9. 2:2693. xx h 26 m '3, N. 54 14' : 8,9: 13^7 : 13^6. 2:2691. xx h 26 m 7, N. 37 51' : 8, 8-2 : 32'8 : vf"L. A fine pair. 44 (A. C. 18). xx h 27 m '9, N. 36 40' : 6-5, 11-5 : I55'3 : 2^6. o> 3 (Eh. 694). xx h 28 m -8, N. 48 5/ : j3, 5 J, 10 : 86- 3 : 56 // ' 3 , j8 adds comes, 13-5 : 342'5 : if '-3. H. 693 (2 6*5, 8-5) w., bl., '50 ; Sa., bl., mauve ; p (Es. : 278'! : 104 THE STARRY HEAVENS. 6o"'4, comes, 13*5 : I2i'2 : 2i"'4), makes with it a fine group. Two stars, which my 3jo-in. would just reach, but which are said to have been seen with 3-in., form a trapezium with o> 3 . o> 3 , deep y., '50. ft 434- xx h 29 m '5, N. 41 36' : De., 9-1, 9-8 : ioi'i : i"'4. 2:2700. xx h 3i m '5, N. 32 14': 6-5, 8*3: 286'2 : 24": y., v.bl. ^2702. xx h 32 m< 5, N. 34 53' : 8-5, 87 : 2O5'8 : 3^3. 48 (21 53). xx 34-3, N. 31 i/ : 6, 6*1 : I7 4 '8 : i 7 8"-i : (ft, 180": '04). W., yw. 8, 8-25, '77. In splendid region. 50' n two similar but smaller pairs. ^2705. xx h 34""5, N. 33 5' : 7-1, 8'i : 262'0 : 3" : y., bl. Curious rhombus p. 2:2707. xx h 35 m< 3, N. 47 39' : 7-1, 8'6, 7-9 : 3i7, 196 : 23"> 55"'4- Es. comes to 7-1, 13-5 : I9i'2 : i6"-3. 2:2708. xx h 35 m -6, N. 38 21' : 7,87: 351^7 : 11^3: y., bl. '32. ft, '01 : 330 : 2o"'3. Ha., comes 15 : ft } 27 *6 : 20 // '3. 8, 9 : '79. Fr., scarcely I m g . diff. '76. p.m. EspinSg. xx h 35 m 7, N. 47 47' : 6*5, n - 2 : 199'! : i6 A 5. 2:2711. xx h 3 6 m '3, N. 30 13' : 8, 9 : 222'5 : 2 // '5. Ho. 137. xx h 37 m '3, N. 29 31' : 6-5, n : 278^9 : i"'2. 02:410. xx h 37 m -6, N. 40 18' : 6-4, 67, 77 : 3i'2, 69'8 : 0*7, 69''. (Bryant, 'u : I7'8 : o x/ 7), two v.y., gold, i8 m /, 18' n y . 49 (2 2716). xx h 37 m -8, N. 32 i' : 6, 8'i : 49^4 : 2""j : y., bl. a (Eh. 702). xx h 38 m 7, N. 45 o' : i, 12 : Es., I05'5 : 75"-4. Fixed. Pair, i m /, 4' n, 9-3, 9-9 : 29i'2 : 6"'i. 51 (ft 675). xx h 40 m 'i, N. 50 2' : 6, 12*5 : ioi'5 : 2 //< 8. Two 12 m g . comites, i82'4, 328'4 : 25 // '4, 32 // *8. CYGNUS, 105 52 (2726). xx h 42 m -4, N. 30 26' : 4, 9-2 : 57'2 : 6*'6 : v. y, o. Y., bl, '50. Fr., '15: 65'6: 6'. 4 m 55"/> 10' n is j8 67 : De., 6'g, io'2 : 287'! : i"' 5. A (027 413). xx h 44 m - 3 , N. 36 12': 5, 6-3: 82'! : 0*7. Ph., '14: 527- 02:414. xx h 44 m - 3 , N. 42 / : 7-2,8-3: 95'9: 9"'9- Espin 810. xx h 44 m '5, N. 47 29' : 5-5, 14-5 : 42'! : i8"'3. Espin 93. xx h 45 m '5, N. 52 7' : 6, n : 273 : 7^4. Espin 31. xx h 46 m -i,N.3257': 87,9,10: 245'6, I4i'i : 9*'6, I7"'9. Very r., two bl. Z 2732. xx b 4 6 m -3, N. 51 36' : 67, 87 : 73 -8 : 4". Espin 94. xx b 47 m 'i, N. 49 50' : 6-5, comes : I3'i : 103'', double, 9'5, 10 : 80 : 2 //> 4. ft 155. xx h 48 m -6, N. 51 7' : 6-5, 7-4 : Doo, 27*3 : o 7/ -8. Comes, 25'5 : I?"'?. 02:416. xx h 49 m -i, N. 43 25': 7-8, 8'i : I4i'3 : f"$. Fr., '15 : i 3 o- 9 : 7^7. 02:418. xx h 5i m '5, N. 32 24': 7-3, 7-4: 293: i": rsh., w. ft 1137- xx h 53 m -8, N. 50 25' : 6, 137 : 344'3 : V'9- 2:2741. xx h 55-9, N. 50 9' : 6,7-3: 3 5'8 : i"- 9 . 59(2:2743). xx b 57 m -i, N. 47 12' : 47,9: 352'4 : 2o"'2. h. comes, 11-5 : ft 140 '6 : 26 ff 'y. Es., another, 221 : 38 //> 3. 4*7 has bright hydrogen lines, possibly var. 60(02:426). xx h 58 m '4, N. 45 51' : 5-8, 10 : i66'i : 2 /r 7. 2:2747. xx h 59 m -2, N. 37 20' : 8'2, 8'2 : 257 -4 : 4^5. 2:2748rej. xx h 59^3, N. 39 n' : ft, 6, 10 : 299^9 : i8 // '7, with 12 m g : 249-8 : 26 // 'i. Wa., several comites. Orange, bl., '50. 61 (2:2758). xxi h 3 m - 3 , N. 38 2i 7 : 5'3, 5'9 : 89'4 : 15^3- Y., or gold, '28. Fr, '13: I29'2 : 23 // '5. s 61, is a purple star 10*5 m g . One of the most 106 THE STARRY HEAVENS. interesting objects in the sky. These suns were the first of the host of heaven to reveal to Bessel ('38) the secret of their distance. 1 This is probably 366,400 times that of the Earth from the Sun itself 92,400,000 miles a space so vast that light, which reaches from the Sun in 8 m , employs nearly 6 years to traverse it : we see these stars, there- fore, not as they are now for of their present existence we have no information but as they were 6 years ago. 2 j8 has shown that the motion of the two stars is rectilinear, one having an annual motion of 5 // 'i96 towards 5i'5, the other of 5"'H3 towards 53*5- Lewis thinks, however, that the motion is not strictly rectilinear, and Adams finds that the motion in the line of sight is 62 K and 63 K respectively. How vast must be the dimensions of this great Universe ! What a temple for the Creator's glory ! ' All the whole heavens are the Lord's,' those heavens are crowded with millions upon millions of stars ; and of all that countless multitude, 1 Bessel's grand result was obtained with the Konigsberg Helio- meter. The instrument, absurdly so termed, as if it were intended to measure the Sun, has an object glass cut into two halves ; a slight displacement of these, by producing a double image, affords the means of accurate measurement. There is a fine heliometer at Oxford, 7^-in. aperture. 2 From the successive transmission of light results the extra- ordinary fact that the aspect of the whole heavens is of unequal date, each star having its own time of ' light-passage ' to our eyes, and those times immensely differing, so that there is no impossibility in Humboldt's magnificent assertion, * much has long ceased to exist before the knowledge of its presence reaches us ; much has been otherwise arranged.' As Huggins remarks, the outburst of T Coronse may have occurred many years ago. CYGNUS. 107 millions, probably, for one, are at a distance incalculably exceeding that of 61 Cygni ! 2:2760. xxi h 3""5, N. 33 49' : 7-3, 8'i : 223'3 : 1^-3 : ysh. w., ashy. )3, '05 : 227^2 : 5*7. 63 (Espin 32). xxi h 3 m '8, N. 47 20' : 4, 117 : 154 : I 5 / ''7- 4> orange, II type. In field, 5' n, closely sp a 9'5 m 8 ., a gas. neb. found by Copeland, and independently by j8. Visually double, 6" apart, in two elongated masses, but photos show com- plicated plan. neb. with central star. 4 / 63 is a fine wide pair, 02727 215, s star red, type III ; n star 159 : 6'i, g'2 : 3i8'4 : 1^3. Glorious fields near 63. 2:2762. xxi h 5 m -2, N. 29 53' : 6,8: 3I5'6 : 3"'5 : grnsh. w., blsh. Yw., ruddy, '50. Dist., 9*2. 2:2773. xxi h 7 m -3, N. 43 40' : 8*2,9: n8'4 : 3"'3- ft comes, 13 : 63 -5 : 22"' I ; Es., another, 14 : 26i'3 : 29"'6. 104" p is h. 1618 : 8'2, n : ft i67- 9 : 21*7 ; '79- Es., 173 : ig"-g ; '15. ]8 doubled comes, ii'5, 12 : I32'6 : 2"'9. Star, ii '5 between the two groups. An excellent test field (see diagram, p. 108). 5 m /, a fine orange star. 02:431. xxi h 8 m '5, N. 40 55' : 7-6,8: u 7 -3 : 3^2. 2:2779. xxi h n^N. 28 45': 8-5, 8-5: i89*4: ig"'2: ysh. Fr., '14 : I79'6 : 16"'$. 02: 432. xxi h n m '2, N. 40 49' : 6'8, 7-2 : I3O*4 : i"'2 : gold. T (A.G.C. 13). xxi b n m -6, N. 37 42' : De., 4*5, 7*5 : I74*8 : i^'i : w.y., azure, '74. A., '06 : 259 '9 : o"7. Bin. Holden, comes 13. v (h. 932). xxi h i4 m '6, N. 34 34' : 02:, 4-6, io'2, io'2 : 2I9*5, I77'8 : I4"'8, 2i"'4. 4'6, hydrogen lines bright. Har. 108 THE STARRY HEAVENS. Ho. 601. xxi h i5 m -8, N. 40 41' : 6-5, 13 : i8o7 : 17^-1. Ho. 286. xxi h i6 m -2, N. 37 51' : 6, 6 : Doo., 258'! : o"'2. Bryant, '12 : 6'8. "* 2 2773 and h. 1618. By permission of the Editor of the " English Mechanic" Espin 98. xxi h i6 m '8, N. 51 59' : 6*5, two 10 m 8 . comites, the furthest double (j8, 9*9, 14^2 : 26i'5 : 7 //< 3). 02:437. xxi h 17-5, N. 32 / : 6-5,7-2: 57-8: 1^-5: y. Greenw., '12 : 40 '2 : i"'9. Z 2789. xxi h i7 m '5, N. 52 38' : 7-1, 7-1 : n6'4 : 5^9 : w., ysh. Espin. xxi h 22 m 'i, N. 48 59' : 6-5, 12 : i6i'5 : i9 // '2. S 2803. xxi h 27 m< 2, N. 52 34' : 7-4, 9 : 29O'2 : 2^2. ^2802. xxi h 28 m> 4, N. 33 27' : 8, 8 : n'3 : 3 // *8. CYGNUS. 109 02:447. xxi b 36 m '3,N.4i 23': 7,7-9,11-1: 4 5- 3 , i6 9 -4 : 29", 14": y., ysh., o. j8, two comites, 127, 12*1 : Hu., i 4 -5, 2 4 7-2 : 6"'!, i/^. A. 1445. xxi h 36 m '6, N. 39 9' : 6-5, 12*5 : 28o'3 : i"'5. 75 (A. C. 20). xxi h 37 m< o, N. 42 55' : De., 5-2, 10-5 : 322'3 : 2 // 7. Distant 9-4. 32" p, Da. 14 : 8'2, 107 : 35i*3 : 3"*6. i m 42" ^ 75, Da- *5 : 7' 2 > lO'i : 72'2: i"-3. /Lt (2 2822). xxi h 40 m -5, N. 28 23' : 4, 5 : H4'5 : $"'6 : w., blsh w. Greenw., '12 : I28 0< 2 : i"'8. Dist., 6*2. Y., tawny or bl., 6*2 lilac, '51. Cols. var. ? Fr., several minute stars between 6'2 and close pair. 2 2832. xxi h 46 m '3, N. 50 8' : 7-8, 8-3 : 2i3'6 : 13^1 : v. w. Pale y. } grey. 12 m*. comes np, '73. 02:456. xxi h 52-6, N. 52 9' : 7-8,8: 25^7: 1^3. ^2852. xxi h 57-7, N. 53 47' : 9,9: i 7 i-g : STARS WITH REMARKABLE SPECTRA, AND VARIABLES. Es.-Birm. 600. xix b 22% N. 50 4' : 7-5 : R. : III : Es. AF (var.). xix h 26 m '4, N. 45 52' : 8'6 : IV : Es. UV (var.). xix h 28 m '5, N. 43 28' : 7-9 : ? : DeichmiiUer. R (var.). xix h 34 m 7, N. 50 i' : 6-6-13-9 : 425^9 : Pogson. Spectrum var. F. very bright at max. TT (var.). xix h 37^9, N. 32 26' : 8 : IV. RT (var.). xix b 4i m< 4, N. 48 35' : 6-7-12 : I90 d *5 : Har. SU (var.). xix h 4i m '6, N. 29 4' : 6*2-7 : 3 d ' 8 44 : Miiller and Kempf . X 2 (var.). xix b 47 m> 5, N. 32 43' : 4-13*5 : 4 6 8, N. 37 47' : 3-5-6 : Jansen. No change since 1670. Hydrogen and Helium lines CYGNUS. Ill dark with bright lines on the edge of greater wave length (Har.). * In most cases the degree of absorption of the dark line is approximately pro- portional to the intensity of the bright line ' (MerriU). WX (var.). xx h I5 m '6, N. 37 8' : Wolf. IV : Es. Type V. xx h i6 m '6, N. 38 29' : 8 : Har. U (var.). xx h iy m 'i, N. 47 38' : 67-10-8 : 461^3 : Knott. (see under 32 infra). Type V. xx h I7 m '7, N. 43 36' : 6'8 : Har. Es. 458. xx h i8 m 'i, N. 35 21' : 9*5 : IV : Es. Es.-Birm. 664. xx b i8 m '4, N. 36 40' : 9-5 : W. : IV. Type V. xx b i8 m '5, N. 36 40' : 9-5 : Har. Es.-Birm. 665. xx h i8 m '7, N. 37 17' : 9-4 : IV : Es. RW (var.). xx h 25 m '9, N. 39 43' : 8-9-5 : IV : Es. SZ (var.). xx h 3O m '2, N. 46 20' : 8-10 : 15^084 : Williams. V (var.). xx b 3 8 m 7, N. 47 51' : 8-3-13-5 : 4 i8 d : B. IV. X (var.). xx h 39 m '5, N. 35 14' : 6-7 : 16^395 : Chandler. RR (var.). xx h 43 m '3, N. 44 35' : 8-1-9-7 : III : Es. T (var.). xx b 44 m 'O, N. 34 5' : 5-5-6 : Schmidt. Es.-Birm. 688. xx h 44"-!, N. 45 45' : 8'8 : IV ?: Es. Y (var.). xx h 48""!, N. 34 17' : 7-1-7-9 : i d '5 : Chandler. v. xxi h I3 m '8, N. 34 28' : 4-4 : Hy. : Har. YY (var.). xxi h 19% N. 42 3' : 8-7-9-3 : DeichmiiUer. IV. W (var.). xxi h 33 m '0, N. 45 i' : 5-6-7 : 131^5 : Gore. III. s of p. There is also an orange star n of p. RU (var.). xxi h 37 m '9, N. 53 57' : 7-5-10 : 436 d : Es. Nova. xxi b 38 m '6, N. 42 28' : 3 : Nov. 24, '76, Schmidt; faded to 14-5 and so remains. The Nova appeared hazy in 1911 to Barnard with the 40-in. Yerkes, and has a focus slightly greater than an ordinary star. Barnard has done most valuable work in 112 THE STARRY HEAVENS, comparing the foci of several of the novae with neighbouring stars. It appears that in each case a nova becomes a planetary neb., and finally a V- type star. Es.-Birm. 711. xxi h 38 m '6, N. 35 8' : 6'2 : IV : D'A. SS (var.). xxi h 39 m '6, N. 43 13' : 8-4-12 : Wells. Spect. var. Hydrogen lines sometimes bright. Two spectra superimposed. The star resembles U Geminorum, in rushing up to a max. Two-thirds of the time its mag. is 11*8, about once in fifty days the light suddenly increases to 8'3, then gradually falls to ir8. The maxima are alter- nately long and short (Leon Campbell). RV (var.). xxi b 4O m 'O, N. 37 39' : 7-1-9-3 : Safarik. IV. CLUSTERS AND NEBULA. 6826 (H. IV 73). xix h 42 m 7, N. 50 19'. Plan. Gaseous neb., mag. 83, diam. some 20", with II mag. in centre. 2 m 52 8 /i6. 6866 (H. VII 59). xx h i m 'i, N. 43 46'. Fine cl. Glorious sweeping along 35 30' culminating about 27 : xx h 2 m '9, N. 35 34'. Fr., fine trapezium J s of 27 : brightest beautiful double. 32. xx h I3 m> o, N. 47 28' : 5 : dull or. Marks a fine field. 4'2 m /, n' n t is U Cygni with 8'o comes blue, B. (Es., vw., 52'3 : 62 // 7. i m 5i 8 p, 14' s, is a pretty pair, h. 1510 : 97> I0 : 334'2 : 5"-) 6910 (H. VIII 56). xx h 20 m '2, N. 40 31'. Beautiful group, h., 10-12. J n of y, a little f. 6940 (H. VII 8). xx h 3i m< 2 3 N. 28 2'. Field of minute stars. 6960 (H. V 15). xx h 42 m '4, N. 30 26', Nebulous ray extending n and s of 52. DELPHINTJS. 113 6992 (H. V 14). xx b 53 m 'i, N. 31 23'. Large nebu- losity in a curve. Wolf's photos show that this and 6960 are probably one large nebula. f. xxi h 2 m> o, N. 43 36'. Great neb. found by Wolf on photos ; sharply defined s, and containing a dark opening like a cross. Visible as a glow in a field glass, but brightest part scarcely visible in I7j-in. reflector. Es. 7027 (Stephan.). xxi b 4 m> o, N. 41 55'. Planetary, like an 8 '5 star, about 4", found by me independently, Nov. 14, '79- " Curious horseshoe, and magnificent Galaxy field. xxi h 5-5, N. 46 55'-8. Es. 7092 (M. 39). xxi h 29 m '4, N. 48 5'. Grand open cluster. I had at one time projected a survey of the wonders of this region with a sweeping power ; but want of leisure, an unsuitable mounting, and the astonishing profusion of magnificence, combined to render a task hopeless for me which, I trust, may be carried through by some future observer. DELPHINUS. The leaders of this little, compact, fish-like constellation, a and j3, are distinguished by names which, even among the multifarious disfigurements of Oriental words, so abundant in the heavens, are pre-eminently strange Svalocin and Rotanev. The former Sm. has justly characterized as ' cacophonous and barbaric,' and says that ' no poring into the black-letter versions of the Almagest, El Battani, Ibn Yiinis, and other authorities, enables one to form any rational conjecture as to the misreading, miswriting, or misapplication, in which so strange a metamorphosis VOL. n. I 114 THE STARRY HEAVENS. could have originated.' And of Rotanev he observes, * That which putteth derivation and etymology at defiance.' Where so eminent and accomplished a scholar and anti- quarian did not succeed it would seem presumptuous to offer a solution, but that accident is sometimes more fortu- nate than study ; and if the following is not after all the right key, it certainly is a marvel that it should open the lock so readily. The letters of these strange words reversed form NICOLAUS VENATOR, a Latin version of the name of NICCOLO CACCIATORE, assistant at the Palermo Observa- tory, in the catalogue emanating from which these stars are so denominated. 1 A very fine region for sweeping. DOUBLE STARS. 2:2665. xx h i5 m -6, N. 14 /: 6-5, 9-2: I7'2: 3"'!. A. doubles comes : 9*5, 10*8 : 266 '5 : o"'2. 2:2664. xx h I5 m '9, N. 12 45' : 77,8-2: 322 '6 : 27 // 7. 2:2680. xx h 2i m 'i, N. 14 37' : 8-3, 8-5 : 289 : I5"'8. 1 (j3 63). xx h 26 m '5, N. 10 38' : De., 6, 8'i : 3 43'3 : o"'8 ; comes, 14-2 : 346 '6 : 17" ''8. 2 2690. xx h 27% N. 10 59' : 7, 7-2 : 256'3 : i4"'2 : Chapman, 'n : i$"'g. B. doubled 7*2, 9 : Bies., '03 : 2I3'8 : o"'5. Comes, ft, 12 : io57 : 2 3"'5> makes up a difficult quadruple group. 2:2696. xx h 29 m '6, N. 5 10" : 8, 8-4 : 298'9 : i"'i. j8, '01 : 3o6'5, comes 14 : 348^7 : ^'S. 2:2701. xx h 33 m 'i, N. 11 46' : 7-8, 8-2 : 2i8'8 : 2"'i. 2:2703. xx h 33 m '5, N. 14 2/: 7*6, 7-6: 29i'2 : 25 // 'i. dist., 7-6. ]8 (j3 151). xx h 33 m '8, N. 14 19' : 4, 6. Bin. 2679 years. A., '12: 228'6: o"-2. Greatest dist., o"'6 at 1 Cacciatore died in 1841, from the effects of cholera. DELPHINUS. 115 356, least o"'2 at 90. Max. dist. 1924 . Two dist. comites. j8 and two fine y. stars. 0. xx b 35 m 'O, N. 13 4' : is in a beautiful field. * (02:533). xx b 35 m -2, N. 9 48' : 47, 11-3 : I3'3 : io"'3 : j3, '04 : 302'4 : i6"'4. p.m. a. xx b 35 m< 9, N. 15 37' : wide pair, pale y. } pale bl. P and Sa., several comites. 33 sec. p, 4' s is )3 288 : 6-2, 13-2 : 162 : 7*7. S 2713. xx h 37 m 'i, N. 10 17' : 9, 9 : 64'! : 4"'8. ^2718. xx b 38 m '8, N. 12 26' : 7-4, 7-6 : 86'6 : 8"'3. S 2720. xx h 39 m -8, N. 16 39' : 8-5, 87 : 185 : 3"'8. "2722. xx b 40 m -o, N. 19 27' : 8-2,87: 308: 7"'i: yw., ash. 2:2723. xx b 4i m -i, N. 12 2': 6-4, 8-2: 85-6: i"'5. Bowyer, '03 : 99'6. j8, 2 comites. 2:2725. xx b 4 2 m '5, N. 15 3 / : 7-3, 8 : 358 : 4 "'2 : w., ashy. Fr., y., bl., '76. Seabroke, 'oi : 364'! : 5^-4. p.m. y (E 2727). xx b 43 m -o, N. 15 51' : 4, 5 : 273'8 : 11^9 : gold, blsh. grn. Y., pale grn., '55, '57. H., w., 1779. h., and S., w., ysh., '24. Gore, rsh. y., greysh. lilac, '74. Fr., golden y., grnsh. bl., '14. c.p.m. 13 ()3 65). xx h 45 m -8, N. 5 43' : De., 5-2, 8-9 : i86'8 : i"'6 : w., olive. 2:2730. xx h 47 m -i, N. 6 5' : 7-8, 7-9 : 339'2 : 3 /A 4- 2:2734. xx h 5o m> 2, N. 12 48': 8-2, 87: i8i7: 28 7/> 5. ft '05 : I98'2 : 24 // '8. 2:2736. xx b 52 m '9, N. 12 41' : 7-5,87: 2i8'5: 5^1. 2:2738. xx h 54 m '8, N. 16 / : 7-2,8-2: 254^4 : 14^7. 2:2739. xx h 56 m -2, N. 19 45' : 8-3,8-8: 252'!: I'"*. 2:2754. xxi h 2 m '4, N. 12 52': 8, 87: 303-2: 34"-6. Bryant, '05 : 32 7/ 7. 116 THE STARRY HEAVENS. STARS WITH REMARKABLE SPECTRA, AND VARIABLES. R (var.). xx h n m 'O, N. 8 51' : 7-6-13 : 284^4 : Hencke. Es.-Birm. 672. xx h 25 m '5, N. 15 56' : 8*3 : R., blue near. W. III. Es.-Birm. 679. xx h 34 m '3, N. 17 59' : 7 : Yr. : III. D'A. 14 sec. p, i' n is W (var.) : 9-4-12-1 : 4 d "8 : Algol type. Wells. S (var.). xx h 39 m> 4, N. 16 48' : 8-4-12 : 277 d< 5 : Baxen- dell, an 8*5 near, same col. T (var.). xx h 4i m< 6, N. 16 6' : 8'2 2. 2:2045. xvi h i9 m -2, N. 61 41': 8, 9-2: 183-!: 2 x/ '5. I m i3 8 ^3 / isj84i: 9,107: 58'9 : 2 /7 '4. 7^(02:312). xvi h 22 m< 9, N. 61 42': 2-1, 8-1 : 143-! : 4 // 7 : y., o. c.p.m. n' n is H 2054 : 57, 6*9 : 7'4 : o /x '9. Doo., 'oo : i-6 : i /A 2. 2 2060. xvi h 26 m '9, N. 56 55' : 9, 9 : 246'2 : 3 /7 7. 17 (27 2078). xvi h 34 m '3, N. 53 5' : 5, 6 : ii6'5 : 3 // 7- A 5 m 8 . : I47 : 90 // '4. W., pale lilac, w., '50. Fr., '15 : pale y., lilac. 27 2092. xvi h 37 m '9, N. 60 51' : 77, 8-8 : 5'9 : 8 /x . 2:2116. xvi h 54 m '6, N. 63 39' : 8-2,8-8: 6: 18^9. Fr., '15 : 4- 3 : i 9 // 7. 20 (27 2118). xvi h 56 m -o, N. 65 9' : 6-4, 6-9 : 246'4 : o x/ '8 : '32. Bryant, '12 : 84'2 : o 7/ '4. Bin. ? 2:2124. xvi h 59 m< o, N. 65 19' : 8-5,9-2: 88'9 : 15". 27 2128. xvn b 2 m '3, N. 59 41' : 8, 9-2 : 57'4 : 11^6. Fr., '15 : 49 -6 : 12^-4. p (272130). xvn h 37, N.'54 35' : 5, 5-1 : 205'! : 3 x/ -2. Ph., '14 : I3i'9 : 2"'3. Bin. j8, comes to 5*1 : 13 : i897 : I2 // '2 J moving with it. DRACO. 119 ^2138. xvn h 8 m '4, N. 54 36': 8, 8-3: I39'2 : 22^3. Fr., '15 : i 3 4-8. 2:2155. xvii" i5 m -i, N. 60 47' : 6-2,9-5: H5'5 : 9"'6. 27 2180. xvn h 27 m< o, N. 50 56' : 7, 7*2 : 265'3 : 3 // '2. ]8 (j8 1090). xvn b 28 m '6, N. 52 21' : 3, 14 : I3'4 : 4". v (27 1 35). xvn b 3 o m -6, N. 55 14' : 4-6, 4-6 : 313 : 61*7 : yw. A grand object, c.p.m. 26 08 962). xvn h 34 m -8, N. 61 56' : 5-5, HVI : i5i'8 : i"-4 : '79. Storey, '10 : 346'4 : 1^2. Bin. 2:2199. xvn b 37-1, N. 55 48' : 7-2,7-8: u6'4: 1*7. Storey, '09 : 8o'6. 2:2207. xvii h 37 m< 2, N. 67 10' : 8, 8-5 : I28'i : 1^1. 272218. xvii h 39 m -8, N. 63 43' : 6-5,77: 3567 : 2^5. w., ash. Storey, '10 : 345'2 : 2"'2. 27 2219. xvn h 40 m '5, N. 61 39' : 8, 9 : IO3'7 : 17*7. Fr., '15 : 99'5: 27 2225. xvn h 43 m '3, N. 51 59' : 8-9, 9-2 : 3i9'4 : 9^1. Lewis, '04 : 3io7 : De., pair/, 8*4, ii"6. Lewis, '04 : 335'i : 5^9- i/j l (272241). xvii h 43 m -4, N. 72 12' : 4, 5*2 : 15*! : 3O /x -9. w. Y., lilac, '50, so Fr., '76. c.p.m. ; distant, 10-5. y (]8 633). xvn h 54 m -6, N. 51 30' : 2, 13*2 : I5i'9 : 2O //< 9. 27226i. xvn h 56 m '3, N. 52 14' : 7-5,9*5: 262'5 : 9^2. 272271. xvii h 58 m -6, N. 52 51' : 7-3,8-3: 262'3 : i /x '9. 272273. xvii h 58 m -8, N. 64 9' : 6'8, 7-3 : 284^7 : 20^5 : yw., blsh w. )3, comes 12 : 265'4 : 23^*6. 272284. xvm h i m -3, N. 65 57' : 7-6, 9-2 : I937 : 3*7 : ysh., ash. 27 2278. xvm h i m '5, N. 56 26' : 6*8 : double comes (7-3, 7-8 : i47-8 : 6 X/ ) at 22'5 : 38 /A 9. 27 2279. xvm h 2 m '7, N. 50 52' : 87, 8'8 : i82'8 : 13". 40 (27 2308). xvni h 6 m -o, N. 80 o' : 5-4, 6'i : 235'6 : 120 THE STARRY HEAVENS. 20"'6 : w. Y., paler y., 3^-in., '56, so 5j-in., '63 : grouped finely with a smaller lilac star. Fr., '15 : 233-2: 19*7: pale y. 2: 2307. xvm h n m -8, N. 69 14' : 8-5, 8-5 : 205'2 : 4"'3. 1274. xvni h I3 m *3, N. 56 34' : has triple comes : 239! : 95"-6 : 9-8, 10-6, 10-4 : 147-!, 8'5 : 0^9, 5". 0(027353). xvm h 2i m -9,N.7i i/: 4-8,6-5: 6o'5 : o"'5. Fixed ? 39 (2/2323). xvm h 22 m '8, N. 58 45' : 4-7, 7-7, 7-1 : 5-g, 2i7 : 3 //< i, 89" : yw., blsh., w., ash. W., ruddy, lilac, '50. 2:2348. xvm h 32 m 'i, N. 52 if : 5-9,8-1: 272^7: 25*7 : v. y., v. bl. 2:2357. xvm b 32 m -4, N. 63 39' : 8-3,9: 270 -9 : 4^-5. 2:2368. xvm h 37 m -o, N. 52 16' : 7-2,7-4: 33i'2 : 2!'. 46 (H/L 575). xvm h 4i m -i, N. 55 27' : 5, 9- Full y., clear bl. Fine contrast. Very wide. 2 2403. xvin h 43 m> 4, N. 60 57' : 6*2, 9 : 2587 : i"'g : y., bl. Storey, '10 : 263'9 : i x/ -6. j8 971. xvm h 45 m -o, N. 49 19' : 6-5, 8-5 : 354^7 : Q"'$. A., '06 to '12, single. o (2 2420). xvni h 5O m> o, N. 59 17' : 4*6, 7*6 : 346'2 : 30 // *3 : v. y., ash. Fr., '15 : 332'2 : 32 //< 4 : or. y., bl. Deep y., bl., '50. 4 m p, 3' s E 2410 : 8'2, 8-7 : 97'5 : i"'$ ; elongated ? 3 T Vin, '50, 8 m p o, n' n is Z 2398 : 8'2, 8-7 : I34'4 : i2 7/ '4 : '32 ; j8, '07 : I5i7 : 17"'!, a binary with the large p.m. of 2 //- 3 annually, now apparently at its greatest elongation. )8 1255. xvm h 52 m 7, N. 48 46' : 5-8, 12-5 : 88 : i x/ -6. E 2440. xvin h 56 m 'i, N. 62 17' : 6*2, 9-0 : I23'4 : i6 //< 6 : y., o. Fr., '14 : i7 /x -4 : pale y., bl. 2:2452. xvm h 56 m '3, N. 75 41' : 67,7-5: 2i9'8 : 5 x/ 7. DRACO. 121 2:2451. xix h i m -o, N. 51 28' : 87,9: 58'!: 2"'6. Storey, '10 : 707 : 2^2. 2 2478. xix h 2 m '9, N. 69 20' : 8-8, 8'8 : 290'2 : 1^3. 27i?55o. xix h 28 m '4, N. 73 12' : 8'2, 8-2 : 248'8 : 2". 2:2549. xix h 30 m '3, N. 63 8': 77, 8-9, 77: 29i'3, 278'8 : 2i"'i, 47"'5. j8 comes to C. : 127 : 329'! : 2". 2 I 44. xix h 3i m '9, N. 59 59' : 5-2, 7-2 : 287'! : 76"'6 : gold, bl. 2:2553. xix h 3 2 m -3, N. 61 52': 8-4, 9-2: 8o'3: i"'i. Storey, '10 : 103 '8. Bird, minute comes nf. 2:2554. xix b 32 m 7, N. 60 6' : 7-9, 8-4 : I97'3 : i8 /7 -8. Fr., '14 : I94'9. 2:2571. xix h 33-3, N. 78 5' : 7-3,8: 23'2 : 11^-3. Fr., '15 : 20'8. 2:2573. xix h 39 m -o, N. 60 20' : 6'2, 8-5 : 29^7 : iS"'! : w., bl. Fr., '15 : 26'8. (Z 2603). xix h 4 8 m -5, N. 70 4' : 4, 7-6 : 354^5 : 2 "'8 : y., bl. Storey, '10 : 4'6 : 3 //I 2. 7*6 suspected var. Contrast very pleasing. 2 2604. xix b 5i m '9, N. 63 58' : 6'5, 87 : i84'6 : 2f'8 : y, bl. 2:2617. xix h 53 m -o, N. 75 ii 7 : 8-5,9: 42: 27 // 7. 2:2642. xx h 4 m '5, N. 63 28': 87, 87: i65-2: 2"'$. Storey, '10 : I777. 9' n is H 2640 : 6, 9-9 : 27-2 : 4 // '9. Storey, '10 : 20'i : $"'8. H 2660. xx h n m -o, N. 64 16' : 8-2, 9 : i67'6 : 22" : w., ash. 2:2694. xx h I9 m< 3, N. 80 17' : 6-5, 10-5 : 345'9 : s"-?. STARS WITH REMARKABLE SPECTRA, AND VARIABLES. K. xn b 3O m< i, N. 70 14' : 3'8 : Hy. : Pickering. RY (var.). xn h 53 m> 3, N. 66 25' : 7'3 : Fleming. IV. 122 THE STARRY HEAVENS. Es.-Birm. 420. xiv h 56 m> 3, N. 66 15' : 4-5 : III : Se. TW (var.). xv h 32*7, N. 64 29' : 7-8-9-8 : 2 d '8i. Algol type. Cannon. R (var.). xvi h 32 m '4, N. 66 55' : 7-12-7 : 245 d '6 : Geel- muyden. S (var.). xvi h 4i m '2, N. 55 5' : 7"5-9'3 : ? : Es. Es.-Birm. 494. xvn b 24 m '5, N. 71 56' : 6'8 : III : Du. T (var.). xvn h 55 m 'i, N. 58 13' : 7-5-12-2 : 426* : Es. IV. Es-Birm. 607. xix h 24 m '4, N. 76 25' : 6-5 ; IV. : Se. Var. Es. NEBULAE. 3147 (H. 1 79). x b io m -i, N. 73 50' : D'A., nucleus. 5866 (H. I 215). xv b 4 m '3, N. 56 5' : H., very bright, D'A., 90" X 30". Not gaseous. 6543 (H. IV 37). xvn h 58 m -6, N. 66 38': Plan, very curious. D'A., ' unica prope inter nebulas.' I found very luminous disc, much like a considerable star out of focus. H., 35" diam. ; I saw but 15" or 20" with 3^-in. : D'A., 23" X 18". Sm., pale blue. H., very small nucleus ; Bird, '63, 12-in. silv. mirror, like a 10 m g . star; D'A., 11-12 m g ., w. Huggins, gaseous spectrum ; the first of these surprising discoveries, '64, Aug. 29. Nearly half-way between Polaris and y Draconis in pole of Ecliptic. About 40' np, Bird finds a delicate triple star, 8-4, 8-5, iro between them. EQUULEUS. This little asterism is easily recognised by the clustering of its stars, and its bearing from Pegasus. There are some good objects, and many interesting low-powered fields. EQUULEUS. 123 DOUBLE STAKS. 27 2733. xx b 43 m '8, N. 7 2' : 8, 8-3 : I45'4 : 4o"'2. 2:2735. xx h 5i m 7, N. 4 13': 6-2, 77: 28g7: 2"'i : v.y., ash. Elong. 80 ; clearly divided, 144 : y., purple, '51. (2:2737). xx h 55 m -i, N. 3 59' : 57, 6*2 : 294'O : o*'3, '35 Bin. widening till '70, i"*i ; now closing. Bryant, '12 : o"*3. Orbit almost in line of sight. A 7-1: 77'9: n". Bies., '10 : 73'2 : ysh., ysh., ashy. w. 13 m g . nf, '71. A (2 2742). xx h 58 m '3, N. 6 52': 7-1, 7-1: 224 7 : 2"'6. Beautiful pair ; Sm., very faint star; np. 272744. xx h 59 m -o, N. i 13': 190 -5 : i"'5. Ph-, '13: i 57 -6 : 1-3. 027 527. xxi h 4 m -o, N. 4 50' : 6-5, 8 : 3o6'6 : o"'4. Bryant, '01 : 267'4 : o' 7 ^. y (27 1 54). xxi h 6 m< 4, N. 9 49' : 4-2, 57 : y., w. A striking pair. K. doubled 4*2, n : 276'8 : 2' /> i. Sa. and j3, comes, 12 : 7'9 : 44 //f 3. 272765. xxi h 7 m 'i, N. 9 14' : 7-8, 8 : 85^7 : 3". j8 270. xxi h 9 m '5, N. 6 53' ; 7'4> 97- De., 354'6 : 0^6. A., '98 : 344'9 : comes, 127 : 327 : 32 // *6. *. of two. 8 (027535). xxi h io m '4, N. 9 41' : 4-5, 5 : the most rapid bin. known. Per., 57 yrs. ; distance never exceeds o"^. A., '12 : 2O9'3 : o //4 i3. Angles increasing. Dist. I0'2 being left behind (Hu., '01 : i8'4 : 44 // ). Followed by 3 little stars singularly arranged in a straight line. 272786. xxi h I5 m 7, N. 9 ii' : 7, 8'i : i83'6 : 2 x/ '5. 272787. xxi h I7 m 7, N. i 41' : 7, 8-3 : i9'5 : 22 x/ 7. j3 (h. 3023). xxi h i8 m 9, N. 6 28' : 5, 14* X 5 : ft 306, 2 7 5 '3 : 124 THE STAEEY HEAVENS. 68"5, 93"-5. 14 has comes, 15, 0, 7'8 : 5^ showed 14 ? only ; Q-in. spec. 14 and 15, now the larger, '71. All easy, j3 6-in. achr. and Sa. 6J-in. spec. Gore glimpsed 14 and 15, 3-in., achr. j8 fainter comes : 258*6 : 33"'9. 2^2791. xxi h I9 m 7, N. 4 i' : 8-5, 9 : I04'4 : 2"'4. 272793. xxi h 2i m '2, N. 9 2': 7, 87: 242'2 : 26"'5. j8, divides 7 into 7*6, 7*8 : 240 '2 : o"'5. VARIABLE STAB. R (var.). xxi b io m '3, N. 12 33': 8 S. 10 53' : 7-5, 87 : i6o'2 : 2"'$. />2 (|3 ii). ii* 58-6, S. 7 59' : 6, 10*2 : 85'! : 2^5. 12 (h. 3555). ni h 7 m 7, S. 29 19' : 3, 8 : 310 : 5"'$ : yw., green, '35. A., '98 : 329 : i /x< 4 : closing. Bin. ? j3 84. m h I2 m 'i, S. 6 13' : 7-2, 7-4 : 27'3 : o 7/ 7. 15 (See 23). m h i4 m '8, S. 22 48' : 47, 7-3 : 289'9 : o''^. A., '08 : 277- 4 . h. 3565- ni b I5 m -o, S. 18 51' : 5, 9 : I0 4'i : 5*'8- T* (Jacob i). m h i6 m -o, S. 22 3' : 4}, 10, 10-5 : 287, 99 : 5 // '5,40 // . j3 531- ni h i9 m - 4 , S. 8 4' : 6-5, 117 : 53'6 : 2^9. 27 4 o8. m h 26-7, S. 4 33' : 8, 8'2 : 347'6 : i /7> 4- Do., '02 : '6. ERIDANUS 125 ^422. m b 32 m 7, N. o 20' : 6,8'2: 232'2: 6"'i : gold, bl. ft '03 : 249'!. 2:436. m h 37 m 'i, S. 12 52' : 7, 8-2 : 232'4 : 30^2. Fr... '15 : 236'5 : 37"'9- r - m - 30 (h. 338). m h 48-7, S. 5 36' : 5, 10-2 : ft I35'3 : &''3> 32 (2:470). m b 50 m '3, S. 3 12' : 4, 6 : 347'3 : 6*7 : y., bl. Topaz, bright green, '50. Se., cols, magnifici, superbi. A little np are 2:466 : 8'2, I0'5 : 597 : 8"'i : y. o. ; and 2 468 : 87, 97 : 97^7 : 20^1 (j8 doubles comes : 8i'i : I "). 2:487. m h 57""i, S. 10 40' : 87, 9-2, 10-3 : 87, 237'4 : n"'9, 2i"7. 2:489. m h 58 m '5, S. 7 13' : 8-5, 87 : 195-! : 3"'3- 2:510. iv h 8 m 'o, N. o 32' : 6-5, 9-5 : 30O'5 : io"'8 : vy., o. Fr., '15 : 3 o2-8 : ii"- 4 . Hu. 30. iv h 9 m 7, S. 23 20' : 6*6, 137 : 176^7 : 5 /x '3. 39 (2:516). iv b io m '6, S. 10 2/ : 6, 9 : I53'9 : 6"'3 ' 7-> bl. 02(2:518). iv h n m -6, S. 7 46': 4, 9-1: io7'5: 82^3: vy., o. Y., bl., '50. H. found comes double 1783, at 3267. It closed to 2 // '2, '93, and is now widening. A., '12 : 29'6 : 2*7. Per. 180 years. The stars are all moving together with the large p.m. of 4" annually. A 12 m g . comes is fixed. 3i m / is 2 527 : 8, 10-8 : i 9 o-3 : 5"'5- 3 m p, 3/ n is 2 514: 8-5,10-3: 76'4: 7*7. Hu. 438. iv h i6 m '5, S. 16 38' : 6-5, 14-2 : i62'8 : 4 /x '3. ^744. iv h i8 m -2, S. 25 26': 7-6, 7-6: 3o6'6: o /x -8. Oliver, '10 : 339"4. Two comites (h. 3644), ii'3, 8-6 : 7 -2, 4 o'8 : 35 "-8, 44 // - 9 . 2:536. iv h i8 m '2, S. 4 52' : 8-1,87: I52'4: 1^8. A., '98: 163-!. 2:544. iv* 20 m - 9 , S. 8 55' : 8-3, 9*2 : 356^7 : 2 // 'i. ft 403- iv h 2i m '3, S. 2 14' : De., 7, 8-5 : ioo'9 : 2". 126 THE STARRY HEAVENS. ft 311. iv 11 23 m '5, S. 24 15' : 6*5, 7 : i 4 6- 9 : i"'i. jS 184. TV* 24 m -5, S. 21 40' : 7, 8 : 263'9 : i"'i. 46 08 881). iv h 3i m -o, S. 6 55' : 6, 10-8 : 57 : i"'5- '04: 44: i"-8. 27 570. iv h 3i m -4, S. 9 54' : 7, 8 : 258^9 : I2"'8 : w., blsh. H 571. iv h 32 m -o, S. 3 45' : 6-3, n : 2587 : i/'8. S 576. iv h 34 m *3, S. 13 ii' : 67, 7-2 : 172 : I2*'3. 55 (2 590). iv h 39 m 7> S. 8 56' : 6'2, 67 : 3 i8- 3 : g''i. ft 186. iv h 42 m -i, S. 7 / : De., 8'i, n : 174-! : 2". ft 316. iv h 48 m -8, S. 5 25' : De., 8'i, 8'2 : i76'8 : i"'2. Beautiful, in field n of o>. 62 (HA. 138). iv 11 52 m '5, S. 5 18' : 6, 8 : South, 74^7 : 65 7/ '9. Pale y., lilac, '50. i m /, 35 > s is 2 624 : 8'i, 8'6 : 88-6: 28 /A 4. 2 636. iv b 59 m -2, S. 8 46' : 7-5, 8'6 : ioo' 4 : 3^7. 66 (2 642 rej.). v h 2 m '8, S. 4 46' : ft 6, 9-2 : 9 '4 : 52 // '5. 2:649. vh 4 m '5 3 S. 8 46' : 7, 87 : 8o'8 : 2i /7 '6 : w., bl. h., 87 v. ruddy, ft, '04 : 74'9. STARS WITH REMARKABLE SPECTRA, AND VARIABLES. Var. n h 44 m 'i, S. 12 49' : 6-5-7-5 : Pickering. Var. n h 48 m> 3, S. 8 36' : 7*2-8 : Pickering. IT. in h 42 m '4, S. 12 21' : 4-7 : III : Pickering. U (var.). m h 47 m 'i, S. 25 12' : 8'5 (h. 3506). n h 30 m '4, S. 28 35' : 6J, 8 : Sola: 244^4 : io*'5. y 03 877). ii" 46-3, 8.24 53': 6,13: 144 '4 : ""'5. See 25. m h 23 m '4, S. 28 50' : 6'5, ir8 : 18 : g f/ 'g. See 26. m h 29 m> o, S. 24 53' : 6, 6 : 180 : o"'2. VARIABLES. R (var.). n h 25*7, S. 26 27' : 8'5-irS : 386*. Cordoba. T (var.). m h 26 m '2, S. 28 41' : 8-5-97 : 9 2 4, N. 24 27' : 7, 83 : i88'i : 31". 3 (ft 1241). vi h 4 m '9, N. 23 8' : 5-9, 10 : 344^7 : 0^5. Comes, 14-5 : 63'3 : i8"'4. 4 (ft 1058). vi h 5 m '6, N. 23 I' : 6-3, 6-4 : 28 4 - 3 : 0^4. Bryant, 'n : 268'4. ?? (ft 1008). vi h io m< i, N. 22 32' : 3, io'5 : 301 : i" : '82. Doo., '08 : 28o'6. Var. 3-2-4*2 : 231^4. Schmidt. Spect. bin. It and /it, fine III. Glorious sweeping here. 2:897. vi h i 7 m -5, N. 26 43' : 8*2, 8-5 : 348'9 : i^'i. 5 899. vi h i8 m '2, N. 17 37' : 7, 8 : 2O'3 : 2 // '4 : yw., w. p (S.C.C. 243). vi h i8 m 'i, N. 22 33' : Sm., 3, n : ft, 76'6 : 73 /x : crocus y.. blsh. n much brighter than comes of ft, marked nj by Sm., '49. II very small, 5j-in. '63. Sa., 13, '74. Fr., 13-14, '77. ft finds distant comes (P. 141 : 122") double ; 9*8, 107 : 2667 : o"'8. 15 (Eh. 223). vi h 23 m> o, N. 20 51' : 6, 8 : ft, 2O4'5 : 29". Wsh., blsh., '49. K., y., purple, '72. . vi h 24 m '2, N. 20 16': De., 4-2, 8: 329'!: H2 //t 6 : blsh. w., ashy y. ft doubles 8 : 87, 8'8 : 346 '2 : o // 'i5 ; and sees 15 m g . comes to 4*2 at 358 : 22"'6. GEMINI. 129 20(2:924). vi h 27 m '6, N. 17 51': 6, 6-9: 209-8: 20": yw., blsh. w. Y., bl., '51. Fine field. 27932. vi h 29 m -8, N. 14 49': 8'2, 8-3: 34i7 : 2"'4. Bowyer, 'n : 234'9 : 2". 02:149. vi h 3i m '4, N. 27 21': 6-5, 9: 3507: 0^5. Bowyer, 'n : 269'6 : o"'5. 2 942. vi h 32 m '8, N. 23 43' : 9, 9-2 : 244'! : 3"'3. 28' s is 2 943 : 8-5, 9 : i65'9 : I5"'5, ^9- Fr., '15 : I42'9 : 22"'4. ft, comes, 13-5 : 284'8 : 13^-8. y. VI h 33">.g^ N. 16 28' : 3 : brilliant w. With low power minute stars radiate from it every way. Pretty field. j8 571. vi h 35 m '3, N. 13 3' : 6, 12 : 3i6'2 : 2*7. c (HA. 246). vi h 39 m -o, N. 25 13' : Sm., 3, 9'5 : 94'i : no"'6 : brilliant w., cerul. bl., '31. 3 strong y., '49- 2:957. vi h 40 m -o, N. 30 55' : 7-5, 9 : 95'6 : 3 /7 '4 : w., ash. Field with several pairs. vi h 4i m , N. 12 58'. 02: 156. vi h 42 m 7, N. 18 I/ : 6-5, 7 : 346^8 : 0^4. Bow- yer, 'n : 298 7. E 962. vi h 43 m -2, N. 26 48' : 8'5, 8-5 : 24i'2 : 25 7/ 7. 36 03 1193). vi h 4 6 m -8, N. 21 51' : 57, *4'5 : 355 : io /A 8. 2 976. vi h 46 m 7, N. 18 47' : 8, 8'8 : ii7'6 : 35"'?. 38 (2:982). vi h 5 o m -i, N. 13 i/ : 5'4, 77 : i74'9 : 5^7 : ysh., blsh. Yw., purple, '50. Ph., '14 : I57'o : &* 02: 161 rej. vi h 50 m '2, N. 21 40' : 6'5, ID'S : 172 : I9 /X 7. 2:981. vi h 5o m> 3, N. 30 16' : 8,8: 149 -3 : 3 x/ 7. Bird, minute pair suspected np. E 991. vi h 52 m 'i, N. 25 4' : 8, 9 : I72'4 : 3^8 : v.w. blsh. Bowyer, '08 : i66'3. Fine group (02:2: 80). vi h 53 m '6, N. 14 21'. VOL. II. K 130 THE STARRY HEAVENS. 2 1000. vi h 54 m '4, N. 25 21' : 77, 87 : 66'g : 22"'$. A. divides 77 : 8'2, 8-5 : 3I4'5 : 0"'$. Espin 339. vi h 54 m -8, N. 32 33' : 6-5, 13 : i367 : i6"'4. J (0227 81). vi h 59 m -4, N. 20 42' : ft 3 5o'5 : 95"-!. Sm., comes, 13 : ft 83'5 : 87"'2 ; a glimpse star, 3^-in. Sa., very easy, 2j-in. achr. Sa. and Wa., another 20" from 7*2. Schm., 4 var. 37-4*5 : io d> i. Sp. Bin. 2 1014. vii h o m -8, N. 26 16' : 87, 87 : 32'2 : 2 // 'i. 27 1017. vn h 2 m -6, N. 16 58' : 8-5, 9-2 : 254 : I2"'2. 27 1023. vii h 3 m> 6, N. 25 7' : 8, 8-5 : ioi'8 : 24*7 : ysh. 45 (027 165). vn h 3 m -8, N. 16 3': 5, 107: 89 7 : 2^9: gold, o. Furner, 'n : 34'5 : $"'2. p.m. 2 1027. vii h 4 m -2, N. 17 2' : 8-1, 8'2 : 356'2 : 6*7. T (j8 1009). vn h 6 m 'i, N. 30 22' : 5, 11-5 : I78'2 : i*'Q. 2 1035. vn h 7 m '2, N. 22 25' : 7-4, 7-4 : 39'6 : 8"'5 : ysh. ; very pretty. 2:1037. vn h 7 m -8, N. 27 22' : 7-1,7-1: 3327 : i"' 1 7 sn - Bowyer, 'n : 293'9 : o"^. OZ", comes. Hu., 13 : no-6 : i6 7/ '3. 2 1054. vii h I2 m '8, N. 35 6' : 7-3, 8-5 : 29i'5 : i8"-6 : yw., blsh. w. A (27io6i). vn h i3 m '5, N. 16 42' : 3'2, 10-3 : 30'9 : 9 //- 6 : grnsh. bl., o. c.p.m. 27 1070. vn h I5 m 'i, N. 34 12' : 8'2, 9*2 : 3I9'2 : 1^-9. Bowyer, '03 : 323*5- S 1068. vn h i5 m '3, N. 13 32' : 8-3, 9 : 3 54'3 : 3^9- 8 (2 1066). vn b I5 m '3, N. 22 8' : 3-2, 8'2 : I96'9 : f~L : ysh., purpsh., '39. Furner, 'n: 2i2'i: 6"'^. Pale y., rsh., '52. Sa., comes, est. 180 : 85 /7 . 2 1081. vn b i8 m '4, N. 21 3/ : 7'8, 8'5 : 2i6'i : i"^. Bowyer, 'n : 228'6. 2^1083. vn h 20 m> 9, N. 20 40' : 6-8,7-8: 42'6: 6"*2 : yw., blsh. w. Sa., very small star, nf. GEMINI. 131 27 1088. vii h 2i m '5, N. 14 15' : 7, 9 : 195'! : n"'i. In field is27 1087 : 8'2, 11-5 : 4i'9 : i9 //- 9- 2 1089. vn h 2i m 7, N. 15 o' : 8-5, 8-5 : 8 : 7"'2. i m /, 34' n is 27 1094 : 77, 87 : 96'3 : a*'4. 27 1090. vn h 2i m -8, N. 18 41' : 7-8, 9-5 : 97'4, 3i8'5 : 6i"-i, I9"7. Fr., '15 : 6o"'4, and 322 : 2o"'i. Ita. 264. vn h 22 m '9, N. 22 30' : K., 7-6, 9-3 : 2767 : 36" : or., bl. Cols, very fine. Es., comes : 13-5 : 23'9 : n"'3. 40' n of 63, 6 m g ., with three small attendants. p (A. 2124). vn h 24 m -o, N. 31 57': 4-2,12-5: n'4: 2"'8. 65 08 1194). vii h 24 m '8, N. 28 5' : 5-5, 14 : 289'5 : 13^-9. 27 1106. vn h 26 m -8, N. 16 29' : 87, 87 : 2ii'2 : io"'6. 27 1108. vn h 28 m T, N. 23 4' : 67, 8-5 : I79'i : ii"'6 : yw., blsh. Beautiful. a (2 mo). vn h 29 m '5, N. 32 4' : 27, 3-7 : 262'5 : 4 /x '4 : grnsh., '26. Ph., '14 : 2I9'3 : 5"'0. Castor, h. calls this the largest and finest of all the double stars in our hemisphere ; the certainty of its motion fully convinced H. of the existence of binary systems. Both stars are spect. bin. A small star (27, 9-5 : i62'5 : 7 2// '5) belongs to the system, and has been thought var. 27 once 10 : De., 8*5, 9*5, 9 : Es., 8'6 : reddish or purple, '90. Maw, ii. Excellent objects for small telescopes. Nearly i s, a little /, is 027 175 : 6, 6'6 : De., 332'! : o"'8 : '67, apparently fixed. Found also by Bird with 12-in. spec., and seen by Bufiham with 9-in. ditto. Orange, bl. Beautifully divided, 9f-in. spec., '78. 70 08 200). vn h 33 m< 6, N. 35 14' : 5 m*., has at 987 ; 162", double comes : 10, 11 : 24i'8 : i x/ '5, and two others, 13 and n, nearer. N. star of a curve to naked eye. 132 THE STARRY HEAVENS. 2 1124. vn h 36 m '2, N. 22 o' : 8'2, 8-4 : 325'6 : 19^-4. In pretty group. S 1129. vii h 37 m '5, N. 18 15' : 8'2, 87 : 62'6 : 21*7. 3 minute stars np. K (027 179). vii h 39 m '6, N. 24 36' : 4, 8-5 : 23i7 : 6"-$. Very delicate and beautiful. j3 (j8 580). vii h 40 m> 4, N. 28 13' ; comes at 7I 0< 8 : 18/7, double : 10, 12 '5 : 128 : i"'4. There is also a 14-8 at 280 : 29"'6. Z 1140. vn b 43 m '8, N. 18 32' : 6'8, 8-5 : 273'9 : 6"'2 : y., v.bl. 2:1147. vii h 45 m '5,N.2444 / : 9,9: i62'3 : 2"'$. STARS WITH REMARKABLE SPECTRA, AND VARIABLES. rj and , see under double stars. Es.-Birm. 172. vi h 5 m> 9, N. 26 2' : IV : D'A. Var. Es.-Birm. 173. vi h 7 m '0, N. 21 54' : R. : B. III. Es.-Birm. 174. vi b 7 m '5, N. 22 56' : R. : W. III. Es.-Birm. 175. vi h 8 m '5, N. 27 n' : 9 : R. : h. IV. Es.-Birm. 184. vi h 19-1, N. 25 3' : 9-5 : IV : Var. Es. Es.-Birm. 187. vi h 2O m '9, N. 14 46' : 6'5 : IV : Se. Var. Es.-Birm. 189. vi h 2i m '5, N. 19 9' : 9-5 : Var. : IV. Es. W (var.). vi h 30 m '3, N. 15 23' : 67-7-5 : 7^9. Sawyer. Es. 564. vi h 37 m 'o, N. 31 32' : 8'i : IV : var. Es. Nova I. vi h 39 m 'i, N. 30 2': 5 3, with great irregularities. Like SS Cygni, one of the most mysterious vars. Increase, '58, Nov., 1*5 m g . per day. '69, 3 m* 8 . in 24 h ! White, spect. con- tinuous. Es. once suspected a large band. Har. Class F. CLUSTERS AND NEBULA. 2168 (M. 35). vi b 3 m "9, N. 24 21'. Beautiful and exten- sive region of small stars, a neb. to naked eye. How differently La.'s 24~in. mirror shows it, his own words will best tell : ' A marvellously striking object. No one can see it for the first time without an exclamation. . . . The field of view, 19' in diam. and angular subtense 53 J, is perfectly full of brilliant stars, unusually equal in magnitude, and distribution over the whole area. Nothing but a sight of the object itself can convey an adequate idea of its exquisite beauty.' Sm. observes that the stars form curves, often 134 THE STARRY HEAVENS. commencing with a larger one. There is an elegant festoon near centre, starting with a reddish star ; g-in. spec., '71. No ruddy star, Feb. 18, 21, '82. Es., pale y., '93. Between e Gem. and Tauri, a little n ; in fine region. About J sp, just beyond a group of outliers, is 2158 (H. VI 17), a faint dim cloud of very minute stars. Group of eleven faint neb. vn h 23 m> 4, N. 33 59'. 2392 (H. IV 45). vn h 24 m> 4, N. 21 5'. H. observed this object as a 9 m g . star * with a pretty bright nebulosity, equally dispersed all round ; a very remarkable phenome- non.' h. describes it as an 8 m g . star, ' exactly in the centre ' (not exactly, E. of Rosse, D' A.) ' of an exactly round bright atmosphere, 25" in diam.' Sm., who rates it 7*5 m 8 ., says he ' could only bring it to bear as a burred star.' I was so much surprised at the result in my inferior telescope, that I cannot help supposing some temporary impediment to distinct vision at Bedford, for on coming accidentally across it in 1850 I found such a conspicuous nebulosity that I thought it was either damp on the eye lens or a telescopic comet ; and in 1852 I entered it as a ' blsh. nebulosity, quite like a telescopic comet.' 1865, with 5j-in., I per- ceived a very faint trace of a brighter border s a little /. The E. of Rosse saw a marvellous object a star surrounded by a small circular neb., in which, close to the star, is a little black spot. This neb. is encompassed, first by a dark then by a luminous ring, very bright, and always flickering ; perhaps a spiral. Buffham sees the dark ring with 9-in. ' With.' Key's i8-in. mirror showed two concentric bright rings and the dark spot, '68. A mass of luminous gas. It lies 2 sfS. 2420 (H. VI i). vn h 33 m 7, N. 21 45'. Faint mass of very small stars, h., 11-18 m g . Beautiful and in rich region ; 9-in. spec. HERCULES. 135 HERCULES. Some very noteworthy telescopic objects mark this constellation ; and there is very fine sweeping in its sf portion, the Ramus Pomifer of Bayer, Cerberus of Hevel. DOUBLE STARS. 1956. xv h 30"% N. 42 5': 8, 9-5: 4i- 4 : 2*7. Es., '16 : 38'! : 1*7 ; in pretty field. Es., pair, i m 51 /, 9-4,9"6: i5o'6: 2"'9. H 1961. xv h 30 m '9, N. 43 48' : 87, 9 : 56 : 2i*'6. Do., '03, 40'3 : 23"'3. r.m. 27 1993. xv h 56 m '2, N. 17 36' : 8'2, 8'2 : 377 : 34"- Fr., '14: 27"- 9 . 02:304. xv b 58 m 'i, N. 39 24' : 6-5, 107 : I73'8 : 10*7. 25' n, a little p is A.G. 200 : 9-3, 9-5: , 2io'9: 3"'2. 27 2000. xv b 59 m '3, N. 14 13' : 8'2, 9 : 230'! : 2"'^. 27200;. x vi h 2 m '3, N. 13 32' : 6-5, 8 : 328'2 : 32". Fr., '14 : 324'5 : 34 // '9- p.m. A very fine pair. K I (272010). xvi h 4 m '5, N. 17 16' : 5, 6 : g'6 : ^"'2 : y. Light y., pale tawny, or garnet, '50. Fr., '15 : ii*4 : 29 // '4 : pale y., dull or. 272015. xvi h 6 m *4, N. 45 34': 77, 8'8 : i59- 3 : 2*7: v.w., blsh. w. 272022. xvi h 9 m '5, N. 26 52': 6-2, 9-8: 129 -5 : 2 x/> 8. Doo., '05 : I36'5, 272037. xvi h i5 m -2, N. 17 37' : 9,9: 238'2: i^e. r (]8 1198). xvi h i 7 m - 3 , N. 46 31' : 4, I3'9 I45'3 : 6^6. y (HA. 506). xvi h i8 m '4, N. 19 20' : De., 3-8, 8'2 : 238'8 : 40 //> 5- 23 (Eh 511). xvi h i9 m '9, N. 32 31' : Sm., 6, 9 : De., i8'9 : 34 // '9- 27 2047. xvi h 2o m -8, N. 47 48' : 7-5, 8 : 3332 : 2^-3. 136 THE STARRY HEAVENS. 2:2044. xvi h 2i m -3, N. 37 13': 7-8, 8: 346-g : 8^5 . Very pretty, easily found from M. 13, 17 p, 23' s. a) (18625). xvi h 2i m 7, N. 14 13': 5, 11-9: i78-2: i"'8. An 11-5 : io3'i : 33"'8. Hu. 748. xvi h 24 m '5, N. 51 36' : 6'2, 12*8 : 83'4 : 6". 2:2049. xvih 2 4 m ' 8 > N - 26 9 /: 6 '5> 7'5 : 2i5'2: i"-i. Chapman, 'n : 2io'4. 2:2052. xvi h 25 m '4, N. 18 34': 7-5, 7-5: io97 : 3"- Lewis, 'n : 87*8 : i". 2:2051. xvi h 25 m -6, N. 10 47' : 7-1,8-6: i8-g : 13^5: ysh., blsh. 2:2056. xvi h 27 m 7, N. 53/ : 7-9,9 : 318-! : 6": w., ash. 2:2057. xvi h 28 m -i, N. 19 28' : 9,9-2: 264'6: 4 //< 9. 2:2059. xvi h 28 m -i, N. 38 14' : 8-2,8-3: 209-2: i"'2. 31 OS 816). xvi h 28 m '5, N. 33 42' : 6-3, ir8 : 224'! : 5". 2:2063. xvi h 29 m '4, N. 45 4/ : 57,8-2: 194 -3 : i6 /x -2 : w., o. Fr., w., purplish. 2:2065. xvi h 30 m -o, N. 40 9': 8, 8-7: 2i87: 30"'$. Fr., '15: 2i6-6: 31^2. / n is 02:313: 7-2, 7-8 : i62'2 : o x/ -8. Bowyer, 'n : I47'5 : o'-g. 32 (j8 818). xvi h 30 m '4, N. 30 40' : 6*3, 13-5 : 33'5 : 3 // '3. 2:2068. xvi h 3i m -6, N. 47 26' : 8-3,8-3: 257'!: 5^-5. Fine wide pair. xvi h 3i m '9, N. 17 13' : Ar., 6'2, 7-5. Fr., '14 : 359'4 : ^^ 2:2071. xvi h 35 m -i, N. 13 50' : 87,9: 3ii-6: 25 // 'i. 2:2079. xvi h 36 m -2, N. 23 9': 7-1, 7-9: 90'9: i6 /x -8 : w. Fr., cols, different, '76. 42 (2:2082). xvi b 36 m -6, N. 49 5' : 4, 10-7 : 92'3 : 22 // '4 : v.y., or gold, o. j8, '05 : 23*7. A 12 m g . comes forms triangle, glimpsed 3~in., '51. B., 10 m g ., 4j-in. } '71 : with little pair in field. 36(2:131). xvi h 36 m 7, K 4 22': 6, 7: 230'!: 69 // 7. 27, coines ii'5 : j8, 316 : 24". HERCULES. 137 (^2084). xvi h 38 m '3, N. 31 42' : 3, 6-5 : ysh., reddish. Bin. Lewis shows that period has increased from 31*5 years to 33*9 years, and believes 3 is double. Dist. varies from o"'6 to i"'6. Max. about 1920 at 90 ; min. 1932 at 315. Greenw., '12 : 126'! : i"-2. 2085. xvi b 39 m> o, N. 21 44' : 7-3,8-8: 309^6 : 6*'i. ^2083. xvi h 39 m -i, N. 13 45' : 8-3, 8'8 : 336'3 : I2"'6. H 2087. xvi h 39 m -2, N. 23 49' : 8'2, 8*2 : 29i'8 : 5*7. Exquisite little object. 2:2091. xvi b 39 m '5, N. 41 20' : 7-5, 8 : 302'2 : 1^3. 2 2094. xvi h 40 m> 8, N. 23 39' : 7-3, 7-6 : 82'8 : i"'6 : yw. comes : n : 3ii*4 : 2$""$. 46(2:2095). xvi h 4i m '9, N. 28 31': 7, 9: i63'9: 5": yw., o. W., bl., '50. Fr., yw., blsh., '15. Z 2097. xvi h 4 i m '9, N. 35 52' : 8-5, 8-7 : 89'9 : 2"'i. 2 2098. xvi h 42 m '6, N. 30 9' : 8, 9 : i47'2 : 14"'$. Star, 8 m. : i 39 7 : 6 4 / '- 2 . Fr., '15 : 135-! : 65^8, another 9-7 : i6'6 : 63*7. 2:2101. xvi h 42^9, N. 35 47' : 6-3,9: 6o'2 : fa. 2:2103. xvi h 45^9, N. 13 24' : 5-2, 10 : 36'6 : 5*7. 2:2104. xvi b 45^9, N. 36 4' : 6'2, 8 : I9'6 : 5^9 : w., ash. Very pretty. 52 03 627). xvi h 46 m '9, N. 46 8' : 5, 10 : 309'4 : i"'8. A. divides comes : 9*5, 9*6 : 3H'7 : o // '2. 2:2107. xvi 11 48*7, N. 28 48': 6-5,8: I48'6: i"'i : ysh., blsh. De., 8, sombre. Bryant, 'n : 8'9 : o"^. Bin. Dist. increasing. 56 (2:2110 rej.). xvi b 5i m 7, N. 25 52' : ft 6, 11-9 : 93'4 : i8*'i. 4 minute stars. 54 (]8 954). xvi h 52 m 'i, N. i8 33 / : 5, 12*3 : I75'4 : 2^6. 2:2112. xvi h 55 m '2, N. 31 54 X : 8*5,9-5: 260 '6 : i^-g. 2:2115. xvi h 57 m '9, N. 15 3' : 57,10*5: 238 0< 4 : ig^i. 138 THE STARRY HEAVENS. 27 2120. xvn h i m -6, N. 28 12' : 6-4, 9-2 : ii'4 : 3^8 : y., v. bl., '29. 7, 9 : o'2 : 3"'i : red, bl. Cols. remarkable, '36. Fr., '15 : 238'4 : 8"'6 : pale y., v. bl. OH 324. xvn h 5 m -o, N. 31 19': 6-3, 10*8: 222'3 : 3"'8. i m p, j' n is 2127 rej. Duncan, 8'2, io"5 : 2 7 2- 5 : i 7 "-8. Hu. 1176. xvii h 5 m -2, N. 36 2' : 6, 6 : m7 : o"'i : '05. A., '12 : 2947. Eapid Bin. 15 years ? 272131. xvn b 6 m -6, N. 30 27' : 7-5, 8-5 : I79'4 : 24"'3. 2:2135. xvn h 8 m 7, N. 21 19': 7-1,8-4: i667: 6*7: ysh. blsh. Fr., '15 : 181 : 7*7. 172142. xvn h 9 m '6, N. 49 50' : 6'2, 10 : n6*3 : 5""3. 272137. xvn h io m> 3, N. 16 2' : 8-2,9-2: 145 -4 : 4". a (27 2140). xvn h ii m> o, N. 14 29' : 3, 6*1 : n8'5 : 4 // '6 : v.y., intense bl. Orange, blsh. grn., '55. A.G.C., comes, ft 15 : 335'8 : 23 /x -5. H., 3-5 var. (3-1-3-9). Fine III. 8 (273127). xvn h n m 7, N. 24 56' : 3, 8'i : I73'7 : 26 /7 -i : grn., ashy w. Fr., '14 : 195 -4 : 12"' 5. p.m. Pale y., blsh. grn., '50. De., sometimes y., usually w., azure. K., pale y., ruddy purple '71. 68(027328). xvn h I4 m> 4, N. 33 n': 4*8, 10*2 : 6i'8 : 4 /A 4 : w., o. Schm., var. 4-6-5-4. P. 2 d '05. Sp. bin. 272152. xvii h I5 m '4, N. 45 40' ; 8*8,9: 248 -8 : i x/ -8. 272153. xvn h i5 m< 9, N. 49 23' : 8-6,9-1: 28i'8 : i"^. p (27 2161). xvn h 20 m '9, N. 37 13' : 4, 5-1 : 307'2 : 3 // '6 : grn. w., grnsh. Fox, '07 : 3I2'6. W., blsh., '50. 027 329 rej. */: 5-8, 8-5. Es., I27 : 32 r/ -4, comes 12 : I26'6 : 46 //> 6. 27 2162. xvn h 2i m 'i, N. 36 32' : 8-5, 8-9 : vjf'>] : 1^-3. 272164. xvii h 2i m -6, N. 47 21': 7-8, 9-3: i6'5 : 8"'8. Fr, '15 : 9'8 : 9 "' HERCULES. 139 272165. xvn h 23 m -8, N. 29 32': 7, 8-5: 457: 6*7: ysh., ash. Fr., '15 : 54'6 : S"^. Glasenapp, comes 8-8 (Fr., 9-5) : 25i7 : 98^1. 2:2168. xvii h 23 m '8, N. 35 50' : 7-5,8-2: ig97 : 2"'4- 2:2178. xvii h 26 m -6, N. 35 o': 7, 8'6 : 130-!: io"'6 : ysh., blsh. A. xvn b 27 m< 5, N. 26 ic/ : 4-5 : deep, dull, or., curious col. Towards this point, the solar system, according to H. and AT. is moving. L. Struve, places the point at xvii b 47 + 31. Fr., small pair sp : n, 10 : est. 90 : 5". Z 2182. xvii h 29 m< 3, N. 23 55' : 8'2, 9-2 : o'9 : 5^-3. 2 2190. xvn h 32 m- 6, N. 21 2' : 6, 9-5 : 23^7 : io"'2 : blsh. w., o. ^2194. xvn h 37 m -8, N. 24 33': 6-2, 8-5: 9 - 4 : i6"'i : y., ash. Orange, bl., '50. Fr., y., lilac, '15. Good low-powered field y! 2:2214. xvn h 4o m 'i, N. 43 47': 8-5, 8-8: 2ii7: I9"'4. De., trip. 9-5, ii : i43'3 : 1^-5. 2:2213. xvn h 4i m> 8, N. 31 10' : 7-5, 8 : 332'3 : 4 // '3. 02: 335. xvn h 42 m '5, N. 21 56' : 7-3, 8-3 : I40'3 : 25". fi (2 2220). xvn h 43 m '4, N. 27 47': 3-8, 9-5: 24i'3 : 29 // '9 y, o. Do., '03 : 244'6 : 32 /7 '2. Clear y., bl., '50. A.C. doubled 9*5. Eapidbin. Lewis, 43-5 years. Greatest dist. 1*7 at 66 (1904) closing to o'-G (1915) at 160, widening to i" (1922) at 240, and again closing to o"'5 (1931) at 320, then widening to greatest dist. A., '12 : II3'8 : 0-7. 2:2215. xvii h 43 m -6, N. 17 43' : 5-9, 7-9 : 3io'6 : 0*7 : w., ash. Bowyer, '11 : 288'2 : o"'6. Bin. I m 26" p is 2 2205 : 8*3, 87 : 291 : 2 //> 5. Greenw., '11 : 140 THE STARRY HEAVENS. 027 336. xvn h 45 m -o, N. 34 18' : De., 6-3, 10-3 : 164'^ : 43"-2 : y., o. ft comes : 12'$ : 343'6 : $"'6. 2:2232. xvn h 47 m -o, N. 25 18': 7, 8*5: i42'9 : 6"'5. w., blsh. 27223Q. xvn h 48 m -6, N. 28 15' : 8-5,9: 3i8'3 : 2"'2. 2:2242. xvn h 48 m -8, N. 44 55' : 7-8,7-8: 327: 3"'5- 2:2243. xvn h 5o m '5, N. 36 6' : 8-3, 8'8 : 467 : 1*7 : y. 90 ( 130). xvn h 5o m -7, N. 40 i' : De., 5-8, 9*2 : 123 : i""8 : gold, azure. 2:2245. xvn h 52 m '9, N. 18 20' : 7, 7 : 295 : 2"'6. 2:2246. xvn h 52 m '9, N. 39 30': 8-3, 8-8: IO2'5 : 5^5. o m '3/, 4' s is )8 417 : 8, 9-5 : De., 270 : i"'5. 2:2258. xvn h 54 m -6, N. 48 38' : 8-5, 8-7 : 22i'4 : 2"'6. 2:2259. xvii h 56 m -o,N.30 3'-* 7,8: 278'6 : ig"'4 : y., bl. Z 2247. xvn h 56 m '3, N. 29 30' : 8*5, 9 : I9i'2 : 11^-4. 2:2263. xvii h 57 m 7, N. 26 33' : 8-2,9-2: i6i'8 : 7 /7 '3. 95(2:2264). xvn h 58 m '4, N. 21 36': 4-9, 4-9: 26i7 : 6"'i : grnsh. y., redsh. y., Sm., apple green, cherry red ; so to me, and f star a little brighter than p, '50, '55. Se., red the larger, grn. the brighter. Strange discrepancies as to col., P. Sm., tints var. Lewis, at present both yellow, yet Vogel, one sirian and the other solar type. Fixed. Fr., grnsh. w., ruddy w., '15. Ho. 76. xvn h 58*7, N. 33 20' : 6, 13 : 202'4 : i3 // '3. 2 2267. xvn h 59 m -i, N. 40 n' : 8, 8 : (244'2) : i"'4. 27 2268. xvm h o m -o, N. 25 22' : 8, 9 : 2i8'2 : i8"-i. Fr., '15 : 209'8 : 21". j8, comes 13 : I94"6 : ii"'2. 2 2277. xviii h i m '6, N. 48 28' : 6-3, 8-2 : H7 '9 : 27 7/ -6. Fr., '15 : I2i'3. 02:341. xvm b 2 m -4,N.2i 26': 6-4,77: 93'4 : o /7 -5 ; Bin. Major axis in line of sight, A., single, '98 : o' 7 ^, '10. 50' pis 027 534: 272-8: 2*'i. HERCULES. 141 2:2282. xvm h 3 m '9, N. 40 21' : 7-2, 8'2 : 93'2 : 2"'4. 99 (A.C. 15). xvm h 4 m -o, N. 30 33' : )8, 6, 107 : 24^4 : i" : '7 8 : 334'2 : i"'4, '05. Bin. Lohse, 53-51 yrs. 100(2:2280). xvm h 4 m '6, N. 26 5': 5-9, 5-9: i82'9 : I3"'8 : grnsh. w. Blsh. w., '50 ; angle reversed, '55, and two faint comites ; so Hunt. Fr., '15, w., flushed w. 2:2289. xvm h 6 m -6, N. 16 27': 6, 7-1: 243'!: i"'2 : ysh., blsh. Greenw., 'n : 227'9. 2:2291. xvm h 7 m '3, N. 34 o' : 8-5, 9: 339'2 : 25"'i. Motherwell, '08 : 27"'2. Ho. 82. xvm h 8 m> 8, N. 33 25' : 6, 10 : 207'! : o"'5. 2:2292. xvm b 8 m< 9, N. 27 37' : 8, 8-1 : 26i'2 : i"'4. 02:346. xviii h I2 m -o, N. 19 45' : 7-5, 8-3 : &f"j : 5 //! 5. 2:2301. xvm h i2 m -5, N. 23 58' : 8'5, 9 : I22'6 : 22*7 : ysh., blsh. 2 2309. xvm h i6 m> 9, N. 25 30' : 8-5, 9 : 354^7 : 3^-5. 2 2319. xvm h 24 m> 2, N. 19 14' : 7-2, 7*6 : 191 : 5^'6. A 10 m*. : 279 : 38 // '4- A '05 : 274^4 : 39 7/ -8. 2:2320. xvm h 24 m> 5, N. 24 38': 7-1, 9: n'4: i"-8 : v.w., ash. 2:2330. xviii b 27 m '5, N. 13 7': 7-3, 9: 176 -9 : 2o' A 3. Fr., '14 : I7i'5 : i8*'i. 2:2339. XVIIlb 30 m '2, N. 17 40': 7-2, 8: 27i'5: 2 //< 3 : w., bl. Hu. divides 7-2 : 8'0, 8'2 : 86'3 : o /7 '2. 02: 359. xvm h 32 m> 2, N. 23 33' : 6'6, 6-9 : 348'2 : o"-6. Bowyer, 'n : 332'3 : o"^. 02:358. xvm h 32 m -3, N.i6 55': 6'8, 7-2 (vars. ?) : 202'! : i /7 -8 : ysh. Greenw., 'n : 239'9 : o x/< 3. S 2360. xviii h 35 m '9, N. 20 52' : 7-5, 87 : 57 : 2^3 : w., ash. 2:2371. xvm h 39 m -o, N. 27 34' : 8-5,8-5: 55*5 : 9"' 6 - no (h. 2839). xvm h 42 m> 2, N. 20 28 : 5, 11 : j8, 85'6 : 142 THE STARRY HEAVENS. 6i"-2. Pretty steady, 5j-in. '62. Wa., 5 comites. j8, 3 nearer than 11. 2:2401. xvm h 45 m '5, N. 21 5': y, 8-6: 37'6 : 4"-! : w., blsh. 2:2415. xvm b 5i m 'i, N. 20 31': 6-6, 8-5: 298^7 : 2". ysh., blsh. 113 ()3 646). xvm* 5i m< 4, N. 22 33' : 6 : double comes at 34 : 35"'5 ; i2'5 I2 '5 : I59'2 : 7"- Ho. 91. xvm h 54 m 7, N. 17 15' : 6, 117 : i32'5 : 6"'3. STARS WITH REMARKABLE SPECTRA, AND VARIABLES. a and 68. See under Double Stars. ST (var.). xv h 48^4, N. 48 45' : 7-4-8-1 : Muller and Kemf. X (var.). xv h o m '3, N. 47 27' : 6-7-2 : Gore. RR (var.). xvi h 2 m 'o, N. 50 43' : 7*8-9-5 : Es. R(var.). xvi ll 2 m -6,N.i8 35 / : 8-6-14-8: 3i; d 7 : Bonn. RU (var.). xvi h 6 m '8, N. 25 17' : 7-3-14-2 : 486 d : Anderson. U (var.). xvi h 22 m> 2, N. 19 4' : 6-4-12 : 403 : Hencke. 30 (var.). xvi h 26 m< o, N. 42 3' : 4-7-6 : Baxendell. W (var.). xvi b 32 m> 4, N. 37 30' : 7-8-13-5 : 28o d '2 : Du. S(var.). xvi h 48 m '3,N.i55': 7-3-12-6: 308^3: Bonn. Es.-Birm. 482^. xvn h 7 m '8, N. 40 44' : 7-7 : III : Es. Es.-Birm. 485. xvn b I4 m '6, N. 31 31' : 8*5 : R : Burton. RS(var.). xvn h i8 m '4, N. 23 o' ; 8-12-5: 223 d : Anderson. Z(var.). xvii h 54 m '5, N. 15 9': 7-1-7-9: 3 d '99- Algol type. Muller and Kemf. Es.-Birm. 514. xvm h 4^4, N. 43 27' : 8 : III : Du. Es.-Birm. 5160. xvm b 5 m> 5, N. 42 13' : 8*9 : III : Es. T (var.). xvm h 6 m 'i, N. 31 o' : 7-2-13-6 : i65 d : Bonn. Es.-Birm. 521. xvm h 9 m '3, N. 33 16' : 7-3 : pale ruby : W. Var.? Es. Es.-Birm. 522. xvm h 9^5, N. 22 48' : 7-5 : R : B. Var. ? Es. THE STAR CLUSTER. M. 13, HERCULIS. Photographed at the Lick Observatory. HERCULES. 143 KX (var.). xvm h 26 m '9, N. 12 33' : 7-7-6 : 0^89 : Algol type. Sawyer. CLUSTERS, NEBUUE, AND GROUPS. Eecurved line of small stars proceeding from 7*5 m g . xvi h 33 m 7, N. 31 6'.i 6205 (M. 13). xvi h 38 m< 8, N. 36 36'. Superb globular cl., lying J from 77 towards , finest of its class ; just visible to naked eye. Halley discovered it in 1714 ; M. was sure it contained no stars; but it is spangled with glittering points in a 5j-ft. achromatic and becomes a superb object in large telescopes, h. speaks of thousands of stars, 10 or II to 15 or 20 m g . ; his father had estimated them at 14,000. Sm. calls it an extensive and magnificent mass of stars, with the most compressed part densely compacted and wedged together under unknown laws of aggregation, h. describes ' hairy -looking curvilinear branches,' well seen with 8-in. ' With ' mirror ; E. of Rosse, who noticed this spiral tendency, detected also three dark ' lanes ' or rifts in its interior, beautifully seen by Buffham with Q-in. ' With ' mirror. I have also perceived them. Huggins finds spectrum continuous, but red end wanting (see M. 31, And., and H. IV 26, Erid, anted). In Se.'s achr. the out- liers, inconspicuous in ordinary instruments, fill a field of 8'. Ranyard, from an examination of the Lick photos., finds several prominence-like structures, composed of nebulous matter, and stars. Burnham sees a solitary close double star (o"'9) near the centre, and notes that in all bright com- pressed clusters there seems to be a remarkable absence 1 This is a specimen of a peculiarly interesting, but hitherto little noticed, class of objects to which the persevering student may make large and very curious additions, with an increasing conviction as to their mutual interdependence. 144 THE STARRY HEAVENS. of close double stars. Klein has well remarked that our understanding strives in vain to answer the inquiry, What is the object of these thousands on thousands suns ? The mere aspect of this stupendous aggregation is indeed enough to make the mind shrink with a sense of the in- significance of our little world. Yet the Christian will not forget that, as it has been nobly said, HE took of the dust of this Earth, and with it HE rules the universe ! Two stars are var. In some cl. numbers are var. and have periods of 0*4 to 07 of a day with a prolonged halt at min. and a var. of one magnitude. These objects are known as cluster vars. The neighbourhood is beautiful with a low power. A faint neb., 40' nf. A reddish 77 m g . star i m 27 s /, 3' n, noted by D'A. as having a fine III Type spectrum, was found by Duner to have changed to a continuous spectrum, or possibly Type II. The star is probably var., and should be watched, as there is a similar change in R Scuti. 6210 (S 5 N). xvi h 4i m -6, N. 23 57'. Plan, neb., 8" diam. ; discovered by E. Very bright. D'A. =8 m g . ; small, not sharply defined ; exactly like a star out of focus, bearing power well, in of 5j-in. showed a glow round it. E. of Rosse, intense bl. Se. thought it resolved with a power of 1500 ; but the spectroscope shows it gaseous. Rather more than i sp 51, 5 m g . 6229 (H. IV 50). xvi h 44 m 7, N. 47 40'. Plan, neb., faint with 3j^-in., but beautifully grouped in a triangle with two 6 m g . stars. D'A., very crowded cl. 6341 (M. 92). xvn h I4 m 7, N. 43 14'. Very fine cl., though not equal to M. 13 ; less resolvable ; intensely bright in centre. D.'A. justly calls it, with his n-in. achr. at Copenhagen, acervus adspectu jucundissimus. In H.'s re- flectors, 7' or 8' diam. Buffham, with 9-in. spec., found HYDRA. 145 stars brighter and more compressed than in M. 13, but blaze resolved by glimpses. Spectrum as M. 13. E. of Rosse, possibly spiral, nucleus barely, if at all, resolved. Wreath of stars n m g ., attached to 8*5 m 8 ., xvin h 59 m> 2, N. 26 24'. Group. xvin h o m , N. 19 33' : three stars in line, 8, 7, 8 : w., w., pale red ; nfoi which is a fainter group with similar line of stars 10 m B . Double chain of stars, 9 m 8 ., xvm h 7", N. 23 45'. in. xvm h 43 m 'i, N. 18 3'. Has an interesting large field n, including bright or. star, B. A pair n m 8 . sp t another 6*4, 9*2, i m p, 18' n. HYDRA. A very lengthy and not very interesting constellation to the unaided eye ; but containing some telescopic work. DOUBLE STABS. 2:1198. vm h 7-1, N. i 30' : 8,8-2: i57'5: 33". 2:1245. vm h 31-6, N. 6 54': 6, 7: 25' 4 : io"- 3 : ysh., y.r. Fr., pale y., purple. Finely grouped with other stars ; i np 8. 2:1255. vm h 35 m '5, N. 6 4' : 7,8: 3i'i : 26"'6. 2 1260. vm b 36 m '9, S. 11 53' : 7-8, 8-3 : 30i'4 : 4"'g. 2 1270. vm h 4i m '3, N. 2 19' : 6'6, 7*6 : 259'! : 4"'? : y.w., blsh. c (2 1273). vm b 42 m '5, N. 6 43' : 3-8, 7-8 : i95'6 : 3^2 : y., bl. Bowyer, '12 : 240 '2. Comes ruddy, '51. Hall and )8, very minute comes. IQ2'2 : 20"'$, same p.m. Schi. divided 3 '8 into 4^, 5 : 142 : o"'2. Rapid bin. A., 15 '3 years, probably never VOL. n. L 146 THE STARRY HEAVENS. wider than o"'3. Spect. bin. with similar period. A remarkable system. 586. vm h 43 m '2, S. 16 46' : 6-5, 9 : 53-2 : 0*7. S 1281. vm h 43 m '5, N. o i/ : 7-8, 8-9 : 329'6 : 25". ft '03 : 3i8'9 : 35"'4. p (A.C.C. 3). vm h 44 m '2, N. 6 8' : )8, 5, 12-5 : i44'9 : i2 // '4. 15 (j8 587)- vm b 47 m '6> S. 6 52' : 6, 9 : 165-! : o"'5. Doo., '03 : 141:! : o"*8. Bin. ? Two distant comites. OH 195. vm b 49*7, N. 8 43' : 7-4, 7-9 : i 3 8- 9 : 9"-$. 2 1292. vm h 49 m 7, S. o 17' : 8'8, 9 : i88'8 : 5"'8. 17 (2 1295). vm h 5i m '6, S. 7 40' : 7-2, 7-3 : 358'8 : 4"'3- s star the largest, '51. ft 103 : 8, ii'2 : Doo., '05: 68'4: 3"'i, isss'^'s. j8 210. vni h 53 m 'i, S. 17 7' : De., 7, 7-4 : i8i'6 : 2 // '4. S 1302. vm b 57 m 'i, N. 3 4' : 87, 8'8 : 228'! : 2 /7 '4. )3, '04 : 234 : comes 12 : 267'6 : 32 // 'i. 45 8 /, 2' 5, is )3 211 : 7-5, 10 : 2577 : i^'i. 2; 1309. ix h 2 ffi '5 5 N. 3 9' : 8, 8-3 : 273'! : 11^3. 2 m 52' /, / n, is 027 197 : 7-4, 9 : 6o'8 : 1^5. ft 336. ix h 8 m '5, S. 16 29' : 8, 9 : De., 238'3 : ^-9. 6 (H.h. 322). ix h io m< 2, N. 2 38' : 5, 10-8 : ft '02 : I797j 45' / '3. io'8 not seen, 3 T V in - acnr - 2 1329. ix h n m 7, S. o 53' : 8-3, 8-5 : 245^7 : 27 // '2. ft., '03 : 25o'3 : I9*'9- j8 212. ix h I2 m 'i, S. 8 i' : 7, 9 : Du., 23O'5 : i /7 '5. Bies., '03 : 220 *2. 588. ix b I2 m '6, N. i 5' : 6J, n : I23'2 : 2 /A 4. 27 1343. ix b I5 m '8, N. 5 21' : 87, 9-2 : 271 : 10". 2 1347. ix h I9 m 'i, N. 3 51' : 67, 8 : 3io'5 : 2i // '3 : w. Rsh. w., grey or blsh. '51. Fr., ysh. w., bl., '15. 2 1348. ix b 20""3, N. 6 42' : 7-5, 7*6 : 334'3 : 1^1. Greenw., '12 : HYDRA. 147 29 08590). ix b 23""4, S. 8 52' : 67, 117 : i76'8 : io"'8. A. divides 67 : 7*2, 7*2 : i82'8 : o"'2. r l (HA. 333). ix h 25-1, S. 2 25' : Sm., 5-5, 8-5 : 6 4 - 9 : 2"'9 : pale w., dusky. Greenish y., lilac, '51. ft 339- Ixh 27 m '2, S. 15 23' : 8, 9-5 : De, 2I5'8 : i"'3. H 1365. ix h 27 m> 4, N. i 50' : 7, 8 : i62'8 : 3"'! : yah., w. S 1416. x h 8"" 4 , S. 15 42' : 67,8-5: 2 7 5-8: n"- 3 . Fr. and Lewis, 67 only 7-5. Holden 101. x b I3 m 'o, S. 20 16' : 6, 9-8 : H3'8 : 1^5. 44 ()3 1269). x h 30 m '2, S. 23 20' : 5,14: 6 3 '8 : i8"' 3 . ^ (j8 1075). x h 3 2 m -4, S. 15 56' : 6, 13 : 277'! : 3". H 1473. x h 43 n 7, S. 15 12' : 8, 8-9 : io'i : 30*7. 2-1' n is 27 1474 : 6-9, 8 : 22'2 : 7i 7/ 7. Fr., '16 : 69 // '5. Comes to 8, 8 : I93'9 : 6^*6. 18' wp is j8 595 : 9, ii : i4-6 : 2 //< 3. I 871. xi h 4 m '4, S. 29 32' : 6-4, 10-9 : 310 : 2" . Jacob 6. xi h 25 m 7, S. 24 I 7 : 5j, 7^ : 76'8 : 8^1. HA. 376. xi h 28 m '3, S. 28 49' : 6, 6 : Morton, 2ii'4 : 8"'8. J m g . diff., '52. c.p.m. See 150. xn h i9 m -6, S. 29 53' : 13-5 : io2'5 : i7 // '9. h. 4554. xii h 47 m '4, S. 30 38' : 6, 10 : 28 : 18". ft 1246. xiv h i 4 m - 5 , S. 25 2/ : 5'5, I3-3 : i87'i : 3 /r - 52 08 940). xiv h 23 m '5, S. 29 8' : 5, 11-3 : 276'8 : 4". ft UK. xiv h 28 m '4, S. 30 22' : 6-3, H-I : f'6 : z"^. ft 414. xiv h 37 m -i, S. 30 35' : 6-5, 7-9 : 345'6 : i". 54 (HA. 449). xiv h 4i m '4, S. 25 6' : Wilson, 6, 7-5 : 129'2 : 9". 59 08 239). xiv h 53 m '9, S. 27 20' : 6, 6 : 123^7 : 0^9. Doo., '08 : 32i-o : i". STARS WITH REMARKABLE SPECTRA, AND VARIABLES. Es.-Birm. 2640. vm h I5 m '9, N. 3 i' : 8-3 : IV : Es. Var., Backhouse. RT (var.). vm h 25 m 7, S. 6 3' : 7-4-9-8 : Har. 148 THE STARRY HEAVENS. RV (var.). vm b 35 m '9, S. 9 18' : 7-9-9 : Har. S (var.). vin h 49 m '4, N. 3 22' : 7-5-13 : 256 d : Hind. T (var.). vm h 5i n -8, S. 8 50' : 7-13-1 : 288 d '8 : Hind. Es.-Birm. 293. ix b i6 m '5, N. o 31' : 7-5 : III : D'A. Var. ?, 8-3, bl. near, Es. a (Cor. Hydrse). ix h 23 m '6, S. 8 19' : var. ? II. Star. ix h 37 m -6, S. 23 13' : 4-7 : Hy. : Har. Y (var.). ix b 47^4, S. 22 38' : 6'6 : IV : Se. U (var.). x h 33 m -6, S. 12 58' : 4-5-6-3 : Gould. IV. V (var.). x h 47^7, S. 20 50' : 7-10 : Gould. IV. R (var.). xm h 25 m '3, S. 22 52' : 4-9-8 : 425 d 'i : Mon- tanari. W (var.). xm h 44 m '5, S. 27 58' : 6-7-8 : 384 d : Har. RU (var.). xiv h 7 m 'i, S. 28 30' : 7-5-12-5 : 332^3. Cape. NEBULA AND CLUSTER. 3242 (H. IV 27). x h 20 m '9, S. 18 14'. Plan. neb. 2 s of JA, resembling Jupiter, Sm. says, in size, equable light, and col. I found it bright ; a little elliptical np, sf, of a steady pale bl. light, bearing high powers. H. did not resolve it. Se., whose beautifully denning glass accomplished marvels, with 1000, found it a unique object ; within a circular nebulosity two clusters, connected by two semicircular arches of stars, forming a sparkling ring, with one star on the hazy ground of the centre. D'A. made out two nuclei near the limb. Huggins sees an oval ring surrounded by broad faint nebulosity ; but its spectrum is that of gas, and the bright points can hardly be solid matter. L.P. shows nucleus and two rings. 4590 (M. 68). xii h 35 m> 3, S. 26 19'. Globular cl. of stars, well resolved ; 12 m g . stars, one red. 5061 (H. I 138). xm h I3 m 7, S. 26 19'. Very bright, small, round, nucleus, 10 m g . LACERTA. 149 LACERTA. A small and distinctly marked asterism. Glorious sweeping from Cygnus in this direction, and towards head of Cepheus. DOUBLE STARS. Ho. 177. xxi h 58 m -8, N. 36 35" : 6-5, 13 : no'2 : 8"'i. j8 694. xxi h 59-7, N. 44 15' : 6, 8-5 : 3 52 - 3 : o"'5. Two comites. ^2876. xxn b 8 m '5, N. 37 16' : 77,9-2: 68 -4 : n"-8. Z2882. xxn h io m '8, N. 37 21' : 9-2, 9-2 : 326 0< 5 : $"'2. 2:2890. xxn h i2 m -o, N. 49 29' : 8*5,87: n7 : 9^1. 2:2891. xxn h I3 m '2, N. 47 35' : 8'2, 9-2 : 309'2 : i2"'4. 2:2894. xxn h 15^4, N. 37 22': 6, 8'2 : I9 3 '5 : i 5 "- 3 : w., ash. W., bl., '50. j8, dist. cotnes, 12*5. 02:469. xxn h I7 m -o, N. 34 43' : 7-2, 8'8 : 28o'6 : 31^-8. FT, '14 : 285'5 : 29^9. 2:2902. xxn h 20 m '2, N. 44 57' : 7*1,8: 89^9 : 6 //< 4. 2:2917. xxn b 27 m '4, N. 53 5' : 8, 8 : 7i'2 : 4^7. 2:2916. xxn h 27 m '8, N. 40 48' : 7-3, 8-8 : 335- 3 : 4 5 // - 2 : y., o. 8*8 has comes, io'2 : 3O*6 : 3^-5. Es., another 13-6 : 118 : i6"-6. 8 (2:2922). xxn h 32 m *3, N. 39 13' : 6, 6-5 : io'2, 8-5 : AB, i857 : 22"'5. BC, I557 : 28"'2 ; BD, i3i-6 : 66"'5- First two w., perhaps tinged with y., io'2 uncertain, 8'5 bl. A. adds 14*2 to C : 257'8 : i"'5 ; Es. adds 14 to D : 224^7 : 9 /A 4, and notes a pair (13, 13-5 : 85 : 10") at 230, 45" from C. 6 has bright hyd. lines. 2:2926. xxn b 33^9, N. 38 29' : 8-5,8-5: 336'!: 2o"-8. Ho. 187. xxn b 35 m '9, N. 37 19' : 6, 12-9 : 286'3 : 18^3. 150 THE STARRY HEAVENS. 13 (h. 1803). xxn b 40 m -5, N. 41 24' : 027, 5-4, io'8 : I2g'g : i4"-8. 272942. xxii h 4o m< 5, N. 39 3' : 7, 9-2 : 282'! : 2*7 : rsli. gold, ash. j8, comes 12 : 232 : io""9. 2:2946. xxn h 46 m '2, N. 40 6' : 8, 8 : 253'! : 5". h. 1823. xxn h 48 m -2, N. 40 53' : 6-3, 7-3 : 338'3 : 82". 6*3 has comes 12 : 257'8 : 19", and 7*3 comes n : ft i 39 -2 : 4 "-8. ft 382. xxn h 5o m -5, N. 44 20' : 6, 7-9 : 2O57 : i*i. Chapman, 'n : 236'6 : o"'g. A., 107 : 353'6 : 26 x/ '4. Pair. xxn h 52 m 'o, N. 35 55' : Es., 6'o, 8-5 : 243 : 49 // '6. STARS WITH REMARKABLE SPECTRA, AND VARIABLES. S (var.). xxn h 25 m '5, N. 39 54' : 8-12*5 : 237^5 : ^ Nova. xxn h 32 m> 6, N. 52 18' : 5-13*5 : Disc., 1910, when on the wane. Spect. at Har. showed eleven bright lines. 1912 it had become a plan. neb. 1913, sp. apparently continuous. R (var.). xxn h 39 m 7, N. 41 5/1 8-3-14-5: 299^8: Deichmuller. U (var.). xxn h 45 m '3, N. 54 42' : 8-5-9-5 ? : III : Es. CLUSTERS. 7243 (H. VIII 75). xxn h i2 m< o, N. 49 29'. Fine cl. quickly followed by beautiful field with three pairs. Fine field. xxn h I5 m '8, N. 45 35'. . xxn b 20 m '4, N. 51 51', in a glorious field. Es. a. xxn h 28 m 'O, N. 49 52', points out a noble field. 5, a 5 m g . star, 2j sp, is a fine object, deep orange, with blue attendant in rich vicinity. LEO. 151 LEO. A fine constellation, the fore part of which is marked to the naked eye by a sickle of conspicuous stars. At the bottom of the handle, and very nearly in the pathway of the sun, is the leader, Regulus, the Lion's Heart. DOUBLE STARS. 2 1332. ix h I2 m 7, N. 23 59' : 7-2, 7-5 : i6'3 : 5*'6. K (j8 105). ix h 20 m 'o, N. 26 32' : De., 4-9, 10-5 : 203'8 : 3": 7,bl. 1353. ix h 23 m '3, N. 16 6' : 8-5, 8-8 : 3i47 : 3*'i- 271355. ix h 23 m '6, N. 6 36': 7-2, 7-2: 328'3: 2"'8. Greenw., '12 : 336'5- co (2 1356). ix h 24 m '2, N. 9 25' : 6'2, 7 : I53'9 : i" : y., '25. Ph., '14: I22'9: i"'i. Bin. Per. 116 years ; See. Greatest separation, i"*i, at 132 ; least, o*'2, at 237. 2 1360. ix h 26 m ' 3 , N. 10 58' : 7'4, 77 : 243 : 14^3- 27 1364. ix h 27 m '3, N. 20 22' : 77, 9-2 : 156-! : (i6 //< 4). 6 (02Z27 101). ix h 27 m 7, N. 10 5' : De., 5, 9-5 : 74'5 : 37" : gold, azure. Deep or., grn., 3^-in., '51 ; 9'5, lilac, 5j-in., '62 ; pale or., bl., '82. Fr., pale or., purp., '77. 02:204. ix h 34 m '5, N. 11 8' : 6-5,10-5: 104 -9 : 8^4. 2 1389. ix h 47 m -8, N. 27 22' : 8, 9 : 329'2 : 1*7 : ysh. Bowyer, '03 : 3ii"8 : 2 //> 2. 2 1399. ix h 52 m 7, N. 20 9' : 6'8, 7-8 : 175-! : 30^1 : w. Fr., '15 : w., blsh. 31 (Anderson). x h 3*7, N. 10 23' : )8, 5, 13* : 44'2 : /"6- a (2 II 6). x h 4 m *i, N. 12 21' : 1-5, 8-4 : 3o6'6 : 176^9, Winlock, comes double, ]8, I2'5 ; 83 '6 : moving with 1*5. Doo. rates comes 13*5 m 8 . 152 THE STARRY HEAVENS. 2:1413. x h 8 m -o, N. 16 44' : 8-9,8-9: 278'$ : 2"'4. 271417. x h io m -8, N. 19 31' : 8-2,8-2: 26i'4: 2"'4. C (27 1 18). x h i2""2, N. 23 49' : 3-8, 6 : 343'! : 3 i 4 "- 4 : y., w. Separating from p.m. of 6. 271419. x h i2 m -8, N. 10 31' : 8-4,9-1: 223'9: 4"'4 : w., blsh. 39 (027523). x b i2 m< 9, N. 23 30' : 5*8, 11-4 : 296'4 : 6^6 : y., o. c.p.m. y (27 1424). x h I5 m '5, N. 20 15' : 2, 3-5 : io3'4 : 2"'5 : gold, grnsh. red. Ph., '14: nf'4 : 3""?. Y., grnsh. y., '49 ; y., deeper y., '60. Very fine object. The two stars are moving, one o"'322 towards 115, the other o"'34O towards Ii64, without sign so far of orbital motion. Schm. thinks the neighbour, 40, var. ; so Fr. Not in Ar. 27 1426. x h i6"3, N. 6 50' : 7-8, 8-3 : 2567 : o"'6 : ysh. Bowyer, '12 : 290. A 9-3 : 9'! : 7^-4. 027216. x h i8 m -5,N.i545': 7-0,10-5: i67'9 : 2"'! : '45. A., '12 : 95'8 : i"'i. Bin. ' 271429. x h 20 m> 6, N. 25 2': 8-3, 8-3: 270-6: 1^5. Bowyer, '12 : 243 : o"'6. 27 1431. x h 2i m - 4 , N. 9 ii' : 8, 9-7 : 65' 9 : 3 "- 2 : w., blsh. w. Closely / 44, 6 m 8 . or., which is 2 pp. 271434. x h 22 m -8, N. 18 29': 8-5, 8-5: 269'6: 6"'i. Very pretty. 027220. x h 25 m -o, N. 10 34' : 7*1,9: 62*3 : i"'3. 271439. x h 25 m 7, N. 21 13' : 8,8-5: i 3 i - 4 : 2". Ph., '13: io8'4: i"-6. 27 1442. x h 27 m '6, N. 22 27' : 7-2, 7-8 : I55'2 : 13"'$. 27 1447. x h 29 m '4, N. 23 46' : 7-1, 8-9 : I25'2 : 4"'3 : v. w., blsh. LEO. 153 1448. x h 30 m> o, N. 22 i' : 7, 9 : 2587 : 10^9 : yah., o. 49 (2 1450). x h 30 m -9, N. 9 4' : 6, 87 : i6i'i : 2^4 : w., blsh. Pair. x h 3i m '9, N. 12 2' : 8, 9 : pale or., pale bl. Kn., 337 : 55"'6. ft pair, 2 m 35" P, 18' * : 9*5, 9'5 : 20 4 - 3 : 2"'3. E 1468. x 40-4, N. 21 / : 87, 87 : 3 34'6 : 3"7- ft 596- x h 45 m -2, N. 17 34' : 6-5, 13 : 277- 3 : 2"- 4 . E 1476. x h 45 m -2, S. 3 36' : 7-2, 8 : 353^7 : i"-g. Scott, '03 : 2'i : 2"'5. 27 1477. x h 45 m -4, N. 13 21' : 8-3, 8'8 : 275'5 : i/-6. 27 1482. x h 48 m -o, N. 7 53' : 8, 8' 9 : 3O5' 3 : 11*7. 54 (E 1487). x h 5i m '3, N. 25 10' : 5, 7 : I02'8 : 6 /A 2 : grnsh. w., bl. Bowyer, '12 : I077 : 6 /x 7. 55 (ft 1076). x h 5i m -6, N. i 10' : 5-8, 10-3 : 49^7 : i". A., '99: 3i"- 9 : 0-8. Z 1500. x b 55 m '9, S. 3 3' : 7'6, 8'2 : 33i : i^'i : ysh. A., '02 : 3ii'8 : 1^-4. ^1502. x h 57 m -8,N.i5 3 ': 8-5,9-3: 284 -5 : 12^4. Fr., '15: 282: 13^-1. S 1504. x h 59 m '9, N. 4 4' : 7-5, 7-6 : 2757 : I'-i. Furner, 'ii : 288'6. S 1507. xi h 2 m -o, N. 7 28' : 8-2, 10-5 : i64'8 : 8". 10-5 very difficult, 80 ; steady 144, 3^-in. ; good com- parative test. Wa., 2j-in. Closely/"^. 65 08 599)- *i h 2 m '8, N. 2 23' : 5i n'5 : &'4 ' 1^8. A 677. xi h 4 m - 5 , N. 25 5' : 6, 14-5 : 2 4 3'6 : 4^8. 8 Leonis. xi h 7 m> 8, N. 20 58' : ft, dist. comes, at 35O'9, double : 9, 9-3 : 204'3 : 0^*4. S 1517. xi h 9 m '5, N. 20 34' : 7-3, 7-3 : 287'8 : i*-i : ysh. Bowyer, '12 : 87 -3 : o /x '3. E 1527. xi h i4 m -8, N. 14 43' : 6-9, 8'i : io-i : 3^9 : v. w., blsh. Bowyer, '12 : i87 : 3^3. 154 THE STARRY HEAVENS. 2:1529. xi b i5 m '3, S. i 12': 7, 8: 25o-g : 9^3: yw., ashy. A fine object. i (^1536). xi b 19*7, N. 10 59' : 3-9, 7-1 : 92^4 : 2"'2 : ysh., bl. Ph., '14 : 45^9 : 2". Bin. Bright or., grnsh. y., '48. Just divided, 80, pale y., pale bl. or grn., '49. W., tawny, '70. 271537. xi b 2o""3, N. 20 59' : 7-6,8-6: 356'4 : 2"'5 : w., 273070. xi* 20 m - 4 , S. 3 57' ' 8-8,9-2: 2 7 6'3: 8". 83 (271540). xi h 22 m -8, N. 3 27' : 6-3, 7-3 : 150 : 29^6 : w. Y., lilac, '52 ; y., pale ruddy purple, '56. Fr., yw., ruddy, '15. r (27 1 19). xi h 23 m '8, N. 3 18' : 5, 7 : i6 9 -6 : 94 "-8 : y., w. ft '04 : I74'2 : 92"'3. 273072. xi h 26 m -8, S. 6 16' : 7-4, 10-4 : 33i'8 : 9"'4. 88(271547). xi h 27-7, N. 14 49': 6-4, 8-4: 3i9'9 : I5"'3: ysh., bl. ft '04: 325. Fr., pale y., lilac, '15. 27 1548. xi h 28 m -o, S. 3 5' : 7-7, 87 : I27'3 : io //< 3. 90 (27 1552). xi h 30 m -6, N. 17 15' : 6, 7-3 : 209'4 : 3" : w., blsh. w. a distant 9*5. 271 5 6 4 . xi h 35 m '5,N.2724': 8*2,9: 86- 4 : 5"'i. 27 1565. xi h 35 m -5, N. 19 27' : 7, 8 : 304'! : 2i"'5. 93 (27 II 7). xi h 43 m -9, N. 20 40' : 47, 8-4 : 355'5 : 74"'3 - y., w. Curious field ; pair repeated. Two large groups of faint neb., one 4 m fn ; the other sp. ft xi h 45 m -o, N. 15 2' : Sm., 2j, 8 ; bluish, dull red. Very wide. )3 603 is 19' away, at 2Oi"5 : 6-4, 10-3: 3287: i /7 -2. A., '12: 3ii-o: o"'8. j3 sees two comites to j8 ; A., 15*5, 13-5 : 346'2, 35i'4 : 39*7, 78^-9. LEO. 155 STARS WITH REMARKABLE SPECTRA, AND VARIABLES. R (var.). ix h 43 m '3, N. 11 48' : 4*6-10-5 : 3i2 d '8 : Koch. 1 V (var.). ix h 55 m> 6, N. 21 39' : 8'6 6, N. 21 51'. Long, with two nuclei, rather faint. H., equal, h. and D'A., f very faint. E. of Rosse, oblique spiral, resolved. 3379> 3384 (H. I 17, 18). x h 43 m -6, N. 13 o'. Two faint neb., p much larger and brighter, with stellar nucleus. H., a third, making right-angled triangle. Sm., a neat little pair, nf, well seen 80. Among the neb., in a round patch of 2 or 3, in a region of few stars. i m 4" p 36' s is M. 96. Very bright neb. E. of Rosse, spiral. 2 m 48" p M. 96 is M. 95. E. of Rosse, two ellipses, centre resolved ? 3521 (H. I 13). xi h I m 7, N. o 24'. Large, elongated. D'A., 6' X 45", with stellar nucleus. L.P., 2 neb. probably joined. 3593 (H. 1 29). xi h io m '4, N. 13 15'. Bright, elongated. 1 Hind says, ' It is one of the most fiery-looking variables on our list fiery in every stage, from max. to inin., and is really a fine telescopic object in a dark sky, when its colour forms a striking con- trast with the steady wh. light of the 6 m*. a little to the n.' One of the finest of its most mysterious class, which deserves a special investigation, in which amateurs may do good service without costly instruments. The red hue, so conspicuous in the above specimen, prevails more or less among them ; inequality or irregularity in the times of increase and decrease is common ; and some appear hazy at min. Baxendell has noticed a singular tendency to collection in groups. 156 THE STAKE Y HEAVENS. 3599 (H. II 49). xi h n m '2, N. 18 33'. SmaU, round. Most remarkable if, as D'A. thinks, var. '31, brighter than H. Ill 27, i m 22 8 /; '61, I class (so Schonfeld) ; '63, sometimes II, at others invisible; '64, not above III, and fainter than H. Ill 27. 3627, 3623 (M. 66, 65). xi h i6 m 'i, N. 13 26'. Two rather faint objects, elongated visually in different direc- tions, in a low-powered field, with several stars, s (M. 66) rather the larger and brighter ; D'A., ' magnified ; ' 6' X 2'. The other resolved in centre. L.P., both spiral. 3655 (H. I 5). xi h i8 m 7, N. 17 2'. Pretty bright. 3817 (h. 947). xi h 37 m 7, N. 10 45'. First of a faint group. H. I 21, i m p, 70' n, a large bright neb. LEO MINOR. This small constellation contains several pairs, and neb., but the latter too faint for general interest. DOUBLE STARS. 2:3121. ix h I3 m 'i, N. 28 55' : 7-2, 7-5 : 20 : o"'8 : '32. Bin., 34yrs. Angle increases. A., '12 : i86'i : o"'3. 2 1369. ix h 30 m '4, N. 40 19' : 7, 8 : I47'4 : 24*7. Fr., 8 m*. : 324 : n8"'2. Z 1374. ix h 30 m '4, N. 39 19' : 7, 8-3 : 2747 : 3*3 : ysh., v. bl. Do., '03 : 287'3. ii (Hu. 1128). ix h 30 m '9, N. 36n / : 5-5,14: 35'!: 5"'8> E 1421. x h i3 m> 6, N. 27 56' : 7'5, &5 : 33O'4 : 4 // '4- 31 (Hu. 879). x h 23 m '3> N. 37 / : 4, 6-5 : 23i'4 : o"'4. S 1443- x h 28-7, N. 38 6' : 9, 9 : i 5 6 - 3 : 4 // '8- 2 1449. x h 3 o m '6, N. 35 33' : 8'5, 87 : 28 9 '2 : 36^. ft '03 : 37 //< 8, from p.m. LEPUS. 157 S 1458. x h 35-0, N. 32 8' : 8, 8'2 : 21^4 : 17"'?. 27 1459. x h 35-6, N. 38 50' : 8, 8-5 : 153-! : 5^2. 40 (0 913). x h 38 m -6, N. 26 45' : 6, 13 : I22'8 : io"-g. A., '99 : ii8'i : 13"'!, from p.m. VARIABLES. R (var.). ix h 40 n "8, N. 34 53' : 7-13 : 370^5 : Schonfeld. 16. ix 11 45 m *3, N. 40 o' : R. : var. Fr., and Es. III. NEBULAE. 2683 (H. I 200). vm h 47 m -6, N. 33 43'. H. calls this a very beautiful object, 8' X3'. Sm. saw a splendid centre. Scarcely worth the search with 3 T 7 -,, but in a very fine district, a little p the most n group of Cancer. 3245 (H. I 86). x h 22 m '8, N. 28 55'. D'A., very bright, oblong. E. of Rosse, 6' X4o", with nucleus like a star ii m g . LEPUS. A little asterism under the legs of Orion ; so near the horizon that it can only be well seen on the meridian, and opportunities must not be thrown away. DOUBLE STARS. j8 314. iv h 55-4, S. 16 30' : 6-5, 8-3 : 326'9 : i". Distant 8 '2. E 631. iv h 5 7 m -o, S. 13 37' : 7*2, 87 : io 4 '8 : 5^-4. See 47. v h 6 ffi '4, S. 22 36' : 6-5, 13-4 : 39'3 : 3"'5- i(27655). v h 8 m -6, S. 11 58': 4-2, 10-5: 337'6 : 12^8: grnsh., o. I found comes certain, '80 ; a glimpse star, 144, 3i^i n - This seems to exemplify Sm.'s 158 THE STARRY HEAVENS. remark, that among minute stars, the smallest sometimes shines with a keener light than those of larger apparent magnitude. K (27661). v h 9 m -5, S. 13 2' : 5, T9 - 3587 : <2"'5) : ^h., bl. Yw., grey, '51. h. 3750. v h I7 m -o, S. 21 19' : ft 6, 10-5 : 283-3 : 4"' 3. h. 3752. v h i8 m -5, S. 24 51' : 6, 9-5 : 0. Stone, n>47 : 3"'5; with 9 m g . near. 008320). v h 24 m -8,S.2049': 3-5,10-9: De., 292-3 : 3"-!. i m 5i 8 p, 2' n, is j8 319 : 7-8, 11-5 : 226-6 : 3*7. a (h. 3766). v h 29 m '2, S. 17 53' : Wilson, 4, 9-5 : 156-! : 35"'4. About 6 m /is h. 3780 : De., 7, 8, 9, 8-5 : 6'2, 136, 298-5: 76"'3, 89-6, i26"-6. )3 divided 7, De., 6*8, 8*3 : 144-5 : 0*7 ; and 9, De., 9-3, 10 : 357-5 : i"'3. Gore, beautiful cl. for small telescopes. y (Hh. 199). v h 4i m -i, S. 22 28' : Sm., 4, 6-5 : 349 : gz'-g. Light y., 6 '5 pale grn., '32 ; flushed, '52. To me pale y., garnet, '51 ; so Sa., '74. c.p.m. Third star, 13 : 345 : 45'' from 6'5. Gore, easy 3-in. ; Es., 2j-in. t v h 43^3, S. 14 51' . ft pair, 45' /: 6, 10 : De., 179-4 : 2*7. 2:875. vi h 8-5, S. 13 / : 87, 9*8 : 335 : 6". h., p., v. grn. ft '05 : 330-2 : 5". STARS WITH REMARKABLE SPECTRA, AND VARIABLES. R (var.). iv* 56 m '0, S. 14 56' : 6-1-97 : 43 6d-I : Schmidt. Hind's ' crimson star,' '45, described by him as * of the most intense crimson, resembling a blood- drop on the background of the sky ; as regards depth of colour, no other star visible in these latitudes could be compared with it.' Type IV. LIBRA. 159 B., curious field, three pairs, and triplet, i 40' s, a little p. T (var.). v h i m '4, S. 22 i' : 8'2-i2 : 366'5 : Har. Es.-Birm. 120. v b 7 m> 6, S. 11 57' : 6*5: R. : Morton. Var.? III. A little sp L. Star. v h 32 m '5, S. 25 i/ : 7-9 : IV : Har. S (var.). vi b 2 m '5, S. 24 n': 6-5-7-5: Sawyer. Es.-Birm. 170. vi b 3 m '6, S. 21 48' : 6'i : III : Pickering. 19. vi h 4 m '2, S. 19 9' : 5-8 : III : Pickering. CLUSTER. 1904 (M. 79). v b 20 m '9, S. 24 36'. Tolerably bright with my 64, blazing in centre ; higher powers showed it mottled. Beautiful cl. in H.'s 2O-ft. reflector, nearly 3' in diam. 4 s, a little p ft closely/a 6 m g . star. LIBRA. S. declination combines with long days and late sun- sets to give trouble in looking for the objects in this constel- lation, which are, however, well worth the pains. DOUBLE STARS. H 1833. xiv b 18-4, S. 7 24' : 7, 7 : i667 : 4"'9- S 1837. xiv h 20 mt 4, S. 11 18' : 7-1, 87 : 326'9 : i"^. Hu., '02 : 303'5- j3 117. xiv b 26 m '9, S. 15 15' : 8, 9 : De., 95'6 : 2"'4. 5 (Hn. 20). xiv b 4 i m '6, S. 15 / : ft 6-3, n : 24 9 '8 : 2 // 7 . E 1876. xiv b 42 m 'i, S. 7 3' : 8'i, 8'6 : 5i7 : i"'2 : ysh. Ph., '13 : 8o'8. j8 346. xiv b 44 m 'i, S. 17 o' : De., 7-2, 8 : 235^7 : 1^2. Doo., '05 : 160 THE STARRY HEAVENS. ti (ft 106). xiv h 44 m -9, S. 13 49' : 5-5, 6*3 : 333'2 : i*'5. )8, seen 2|-in. Three comites : 14*5, 13*9, 12*8 : 28 3 7, i85'5> 2 3 2'5 : i8"'3, 26", 2 7 "'2. " a 2 . xiv h 46 m< 4, S. 15 42' : 3, 6 (a 2 ). Pale y., whitish. Wide. HA. 457. xiv h 52"7, S. 21 2' : 6, 8 : Piazzi, 25i'4 : 9"'4, 1806. Fr., '14 : 297'3 : 18^-4. Both have large p.m., 2 // 'i in same direction, 6 moving fastest. 18 (2 1894). xiv h 54 m -6, S. 10 50' : 6, io'2 : 38'8 : 19^-5 : y.,o. ft 1085. xiv h 54 m - 7 , S. 4 40' : 6, 13-2 : i 9 '5 : 9 "- 3 . ft 119. xv h i m '3, S. 6 42' : De. } 8, 8-5 : 313-! : i"'5. Motherwell, '08 : 3O3'5. nf 8. 2:3090. xv h 4 m -6, S. o 40' : 8-3,87: 275'5: 1^8. t (HA. 465). xv h 7 m 7, S. 19 30' : 5, 9 : no'5 : 5 7 "'5. ft doubles comes : 10, 10 : 24'8 : i"'8. Doo., '02 : i8'6. HA. 467. xv h io m -o, S. 18 8' : ft, 6'g, 77 : i4o'2 : 47"'2. ft 350. xv h io m '9, S. 27 i8 7 : 6-5, 8 : i577 : 1^-3. ^3. xv h I2 m 7, S. 9 5' : 2-5. Inserted for its beau- tiful pale grn. hue, very unusual among conspi- cuous stars ; deep green, like deep blue, is un- known to the naked eye. 2 1939. xv h 23 m 'i, S. 10 41' : 8, 9 : I34'6 : 9' A 3. Fr., '16 : I3i'2 : 8^7. h. 4783. xv h 27 m 'i, S. 19 53' : 6, 10 : 28i7 : 11". 2 1962. xiv h 34 m '3, S. 8 32' : 6-3, 6-4 : 187-! : 11^8 : w. Fr., y. ; m gs . overrated, '76. A striking object. ft 121. xv h 34 m 7> S. 27 23' : 8'2, 8'2 : 277^5 : 1^-5. 42 (Innes). xv b 3 5 m< 5 } S. 23 34' : 5'!, 9 : 44'5 : 1^8. ft 122. xv h 35 m> 3, S. 19 31' : De., 7, 7-4 : 204 : i /A 8. E 1966. xv h 37 m -6, S. 10 53' : 9, 9 : 232'5 : 23 /A 2. ft 35- xv" 3 8 m -3, S- 15 46' : De., 7, 8*5 : 99^5 : 2^-3. THE STAR CLUSTER, M. 5, LIBRAE. Photographed at the Lick Observatory. LIBRA. 161 2:3096. xv h 43 m 7, S. 5 5' : 9, 9 : 85'6 : 3"-!. 2:3097. xv h 46 m '6, S. 8 47' : 8-8,9-2: 181 : 4". 47 (Hu. 1274). xv h 5o m -4, S. 19 9' : 6*5, 8*5 : 153^7 : 0^4. STARS WITH REMARKABLE SPECTRA, AND VARIABLES. V (var.). xiv h 35 m '9, S. 17 19' : 9'3-i3'3 : 255 d> 2 : Schon- feld. Es.-Birm. 419. xiv h 53 m '4, S. 12 7' : 7 : R. Hn. : III. 8 (var.). xiv h 56*7, S. 8 12' : 4'8-6'2 : 2 d> 3 : Algol type. Schmidt. T (var.). xv h 6 m '2, S. 19 42' : 9 5, S. 5 43' : 8*2-12 : 272 d : Bauschinger. t (var.). xv h 7 m '7, S. 19 29' : 4-3-5 : Har. Es. 205. xv h io m -8, S. 2 6' : 8 : R : III : Es. S (var.). xv h i6 m '8, S. 20 6' : 7'6 6, S. 22 38' : 6'6-i2 : 2i9 d : Fleming. X (var.). xv h 3i m -6, S. 20 54' : 9*5-14 : i63 d< 6 : Peters. W (var.). xv h 33^3, S. 15 55' : 9-8-15 : 205^5 : Peters. U(var.). xv h 37 m -4, S. 20 55' : 9 8, S. 20 43'. Globular cl. of small stars. 5904 (M. 5). xv h I4 m "4, S. 2 22'. Beautiful assemblage of minute stars (h., 11-15 m8 -) greatly compressed in centre. M. saw none. H. about 200 with 4O-ft. reflector. E. of Rosse, curved exterior branches ; seen also by Buffham, with 9-in. mirror. Packer finds two stars among the outliers var. Confirmed at Harvard. Closely np 5 Serp. 5 m g . VOL. II. M 162 THE STARRY HEAVENS. LYNX. A troublesome constellation, excepting with an equa- torial mounting, as there are few conspicuous leaders among a number of tolerably considerable stars, which are puzzling in the finder. The beauty of its pairs will, however, re- ward a persevering observer. DOUBLE STABS. 2 866. vi h io m -8, N. 62 14' : 77, 8'8, 8-2 : I93'4, 2647 : i7"-8, 78"-8. 4 (Z 881). vi h i5 m -o, N. 59 24' : 6-4, 7-9 : 89 : o"'8. '30. Ph., '14: H3'o. Bin. 2:935. vi h 32 m> 2, N. 52 22' : 8-3, 9 : 322'2 : 3"'4. 2:936. vi h 3 2 m '8, N. 58 ii' : 7, 87 : 254'9 : i"'6 : y. } bl. Storey, '10 : 27i'6 : 1^4. 2 946. vi h 37 m '8, N. 59 32' : 7-2, 9 : I33'5 : 4"'2 : w., bl. 12 (2? 948). vi h 39 m '2, N. 59 32': 5*2, 6'i, 7-4: i537> 304'2 : i^'5, 8 // 7 : two grnsh. w., blsh. Ph., '14 : H2'2, 306'3 : i /7 '6, 8 x/ '5. Two yw., ruddy, '54. So Hunt. Elongated, 80 : divided at times 144. Bin. 2:958. vi h 4i m '5, N. 55 48': 6, 6: 256 7 : 5"-! : w. Y., '52, '57. c.p.m. 2 960. vi b 43 m '2, N. 53 8' : 7-3, 9-2 : 66'4 : 2i // '9. 14 (2:963). vi h 46 m '5, N. 59 33' : 5-9, 7-1 : 5i'5 : "'9 ' gold, purple. Storey, '10 : 88'5 : o 7 '^. 7 grn. '69.. Closing. 2:968. vi b 46 m '5, N. 52 47 X : 8, 9 : 287'3 : 2O // '6. 15 (02: 159). vi b 5o m '5, N. 58 32' : 5-1, 6'2 : 3i7'4 : 0^6 : y., gold. Storey, '10 : 14 '8 : o"'9. j8, comes, i2 : 6' : 26 /A 2. LYNX. 163 E 1001. vi h 56 m '6, N. 54 18' : 7-1, 87 : 64 : 8"-g : gold, o. Comes to 87, 9 : 354'8 : 1*7. Storey, '10 : o-3- 2 1002. vi h 57 m< 4, N. 56 34' : 8-5, 9 : 3i6'6 : 30^2. A. divides 8'5 : 9-3, 9*3 : 3i6'4 : o*'2. E 1009. vi h 59 m '3, N. 52 53' : 67, 6'8 : I59'2 : 2"-g. E 1025. vn h 6 m '3, N. 55 56' : 7-5, 7-8 : I4i'2 : 22*7. Miller, '04 : I33'3 24"'4- E 1033. vn h 8 m '5, N. 52 41' : 7-4, 8 : 282 : 1^4. 2 1044. VIlh lom '4> N - 47 47' : 8 '5> 8 '7 : *67-2 : 12^-4. E 1050. vn h I3 m '4, N. 55 4' : 7-3, 8 : ig-2 : ig"'4. 20 (H 1065). vn h i6 m '2, N. 50 18' : 6'6, 6'8 : 253'4 : 15". c.p.m. 19 (Z 1062). vn h i6 m '4, N. 55 25' : 5-3, 6'6 : 3i2'4 : i4 // 7. Sm., distant 8. Fr., 6*6, lilac. j3 758. vn h 22 m> 9, N. 48 21' : 6, ii'2 : 93'! : i6"'6. 2: 1086. vii h 22 m '9, N. 42 56' : 7-5, 9 : io2'3 : i2*'2 : v.y., o. 02:i74.vii h 29 m 'i, N. 43 16' : 6-5, 8'i : 84'3 : 2". Madler pair p, 9, 9 : n6'5 : 3"*9. 2 1174. vn h 59 m 'o, N. 47 32' : 8, 8-5 : 215 : 5" 7 . A. divides 8 : 8'5, 8'5 : 29i'2 : o /A 2. 27 (Espin 70). vm b 2 m> 4, N. 51 44' : 4-5 : comes at 265'8 : 4/7, double : 12*5, 13 : 248'4 : f'$. Z 1184. vm h 4 m -2, N. 38 6' : 8, 8-5 : 340'4 : 2f'i. Es., comes, j8, 13*5 : 2i37 : i8"'g. 2 1187. vm b 4 m< 4, N. 32 28' : 7-1, 8 : 71 : 1^6. Bowyer, '06 : 43'3 : 2^2. E 1200. vm h io m 'i, N. 50 i' : 8-5, 8-5 : o7 : $"'4. E 1204. vm h io m< 6, N. 38 44' : 8, 9 : I03'9 : II//>8 - E 1211. vm h I3 m -i, N. 39 15' : 87, 9-2 : I327 : i"'6. Bowyer, '12 : I24'3 : o x/ '8. Doo., comes, 127 : 164 THE STARRY HEAVENS. . vm h I9 m '3, N. 42 17' : De., 6, 8 : i68'3 : 76"'6 : gold, azure. Fr., or. red, fine bl. Fr. '14 : 77"'4. S 1222. vm h 2i m 'i, N. 37 48' : 8, 9 : 46'6 : 10*. 27 1225. vm h 23 m -2, N. 51 18' : 8-5, 8-5 : I94'2 : 3^5. 27 1234- vm h 27 m -o, N. 55 38' : 7, 8-3 : 7i'3 : 20 /x '8 : y., o. )3., '06 : 68'2 : 22^4. S 1242. vm h 30 m> 4, N. 47 24' : 8'6, 9*3 : I70'5 : 2"'5. Group. vin b 35 m '5, N. 45 n' : five stars in line, and others smaller. Es. 27 1256. viii h 37 m '4> N. 49 36' : 7-8, 9-3 : 2i2'3 : 25"'$ 2 1258. vm b 37 m '8, N. 49 10' : 7*1, 7-4 : 33i'4 : g"'6. 2 1263. vm h 40 m -o, N. 44 o' : 7-6, 8'2 : 359 : 4"'9 : '28. 0, '03 : 20'5 : 56 //< 8. From p.m. 0^7. S 1259. vm h 4 i m '5, N. 38 47' : 8-5, 9 : 34 o -9 : 5". S 1274. vm h 44 m '9, N. 38 38' : 7, 87 : 4O'8 : 8"'9 : v.w., ash. 2 1282. vm h 45 m '8, N. 35 22' : 7, 7 : 277^ : $"'4. S 1289. vm h 49"% N. 43 54' : 77, 8-5 : 4'2 : 3^8. 2:3120. vm b 5o m '8, N. 43 58' : 7-8, 8'8 : 348'! : 1^5 : yw. Doo., comes, 13-5 : n6'6 : S"*!. E 1296. vm h 54 m '3, N. 35 16' : 8-5, 9 : 7i'2 : 2"'8. 2 1333- ix h I3 m< 5, N. 35 42' : 6'6, 6-9 : 39'4 : i''^. Naked eye star, np a. 38 (S 1334)- Ixh I3 m '9 N - 37 I0/ : 4, 67 : 240^2 : 2*7 : grnsh. w., bl. Yw., tawny, '50, '52. Fr., 6 pale y., '77. 37 (027 199). ix h i5 m> 2, N. 51 36' : 6'i, io'2 : n6 0< 8 : 5 7/ 7. 2 1338. ix h i6 m 'i, N. 38 32' : 7, 7-2 : I2i'i : i /x '8. Bowyer, '12 : I74'2 : i"'6. Bin. a, 40. ix h i6 m< 2, N. 34 44' : 4 : or., has attendant violet, which is E 1342 : 8*6, n : 326'9 : if'9* 39 (27 1340). ix h i7 m -i, N. 49 53' : 6-5, 8-3 : 3i9*4 : 6^1. c.p.m. LYRA. 165 27 1344. ix h i8 m -5, N. 39 29' : 8-5, 9-2 : io6'6 : 3^6. 41 (0227 99). ix h 23 m '5, N. 45 58' : De., 5-6, 7-8 : i6i'8 : 82 / *'5 : y., w. or azure. )3, '03 : 79 //< 8. Deep y., lilac ; a 10 m g . star forms a triangle, '52. STABS WITH REMARKABLE SPECTRA, AND VARIABLES. i. vi h io m '5, N. 61 33' : 5-5 : III : D'A. R (var.). vi h 54 m ' 7 , N. 55 27' : 7-13-8 : 379^2 : Kriiger. Es.-Birm. 231. vn h 22 m '4, N. 46 8' : 67 : R. : var. : III : Es. Var. 7-8-8-4. Har. Es.-Birm. 247. vn h 38 m '8, N. 39 2' : 77 : Y.R. : III : Du, LYRA. For its size, one of the most remarkable constellations, full of beautiful fields, and adorned by one of the great leaders of the firmament. DOUBLE STARS. Ho. 432. xvm h 2i m '3, N. 38 42' : 6*5, 13 : 289'4 : 17^-2. 2:2328. xvm h 26 m '4, N. 29 52' : 8-0,8-3: 73: $"-4. j3 1253. xvm h 28 m -8, N. 30 30' : 6'2, 13-5 : I56'3 : f'$. 2:2349. xvm h 33 m '7, N. 33 24' : 5-5, 10-7 : 205'5 : f-$ : blsh. w., o. Wa., minute comes. 2:2351. xvm h 33 m -6, N. 41 13': 7-4, 7-4: 339'8 : $"'2. Minute, but pretty. a (S II 9). xvm h 34 m -2, N. 38 42' : i, 10-5 : I37'8 : 34" : blsh. w., o., 1836. Wega. To my sight, inferior to Sirius only. H. and h. have ranked Arcturus and Capella higher : probably differences of colour affect materially the estimates which 166 THE STARRY HEAVENS. different eyes form of magnitude a supposition entertained by Sm., as well as by other observers. Wollaston's experiments, from which he allowed Wega but of the light of Sirius, must surely have involved some fallacy. Humboldt thought it twinkled less than Arcturus and Procyon. Its colour to me pale sapphire a lovely gem. Its enormous real bulk is evident from its very minute and doubtful parallax, giving perhaps 18 yrs. of light passage. Huggins thinks that it is approaching us at 44 to 54 miles per second. The optical attendant, whose distance is in- creasing (Fr., '14 : i66'6 : 55"'o) is a well- known test : my 3i%-in. sometimes showed it in favourable weather. I have thought it easier with 80 than 144 ; De. thinks it brighter than formerly. His mean m g . is 8*8. It must be looked for very near the rays of a, as there are other very minute stars at greater distances in the field. It has been detected by Erck with 2 T yin. -of a 7J-in. achr., glimpsed by Wa. with i^-in. of 4^-in. achr., and seen with 8J-in. 'With' mirror less than 30 after sunset. Winnecke a fainter comes (Greenw., '99 : 285'! : 54 // '4), also increasing in dist. 6 m p, 5' s, is 2 2338 : 8-5 : ysh., 97, 8 : 300'5, 209'! : I3"'4, 77"'i. i n of a is Es.- Birm. 555 : 6*5 : y.r. : III. Du. Irreg. Var. Es. 2:2356. xvm h 35 m -2,N.28 38': 8,9: (57-!): i" : y. 2 2358. xvm h 35 m> 5, N. 30 39' : 8'8, 9 : 2i6'5 : 2"'6. 2:2362. xvm h 35 m '6, N. 35 59': 7-1, 8-4: i8o'2 : 4": y.w., blsh. 2:2367. xvm h 38 m '2, N. 30 13': 7, 7-5: 68 -3 : 0^4: y. Lewis, '06 : 254'4. Bin. with orbit in the LYEA. 167 line of sight. Comes, 8-4 : I93'9 : I4"'i : blsh. H27, another. 27 2372. xvm h 39 m '2, N. 34 40' : 67, 8'2 : 84'2 : 25"'! : w., blsh. D., corner 12. 2 2380. xvm h 40 m '6, N. 44 50' : 67, 8'2 : io'2 : 25"'8 : y., blsh. w. 2:2376. xvm b 40 m '6, N. 30 19' : 77,8-4: 63 -8 : 22"'3. e^ 2 (2 1 37). xvm h 4i m 7, N. 39 35' : i72'9 : 207"-!. Each star double, c 1 (^2382) : 4'6, 6*3 : 26'! : 3" (Phillips, '12: 11 "2 : 2"'9) : grnsh. w., blsh. w. Y., tawny, or rose col, '49. 2 (2 2383) : 4-9, 5-2 : I55'2 : 2"'6 (Phillips, '12 : I23'8 : 2"'3) : v.w. ' The naked eye,' Sm. observes, ' sees an ir- regular-looking star near Wega, which separates into two pretty wide ones under the slightest optical aid. Each of these two will be found to be a fine binary pair.' So I see it, and probably most observers. H., however, Bessel at thirteen years, and many others, have divided it with the naked eye. The pairs have been thought to be con- nected, and their p.m. is practically identical. Between them lie three much smaller stars, one (9^5 D., lO'i De.) obvious ; two the debilissima of h. excessively minute, 13 m g . on each side of the line joining c 1 , e 2 . In very fine weather I have had glimpses of one, and suspicions of the other, with 3^j-in. an aperture for which they are excellent tests. In very fine air Wa. has seen them with 2j-in. achr. Grover, Squire, alternately var., and Fr., who has seen a little star p brighter than either. They form Sh. 277, h. 31 in '31. ft '78 : 38'4 : 46 /7 7. Es., '14 : 37'5 : 4^8 from p.m. of A towards 67. Lassell added comes to B, Es., '14 : 168 THE STARRY HEAVENS. 352'5 : 25"'9. M g . 15-0 There are two comites to A : 13-9, 13-8 : 280, 245 : 43"'2, 43"'6, and no FROM MEASUBES MADE WITH A 24-111. CALVER REFLECTOR. two others some twice the distance, at nearly the same angles. 27' s is 2 2392 : 8*2, I0'2, 9-3 : 3i7-2, I78'5: 2 // 7, 23"-3 ; 54' s of this is 2 2393 : 22'5 : io"'4 : red. o. Es., comes, bl. LYEA. 169 ft '05 : I3"'3. i m 22 8 / e is j8 51 : 9, with double comes (io'2, ir2 : 297^5 : 6 //> i), at i85'2 : 74"'9. (27 I 38). xvm h 4 2 m -o, N. 37 31' : 4-2, 5-5 : I497 : 43*7 : grnsh. w. Y., grnsh., '49 ; pale y., pale lilac, '50. ft two comites, 157, 13*2 : 487, 274'4 : 26"'9, 43"'4. Third, ir8, more distant. Spect. Bin. 2 2394. xvin h 42 m> 9, N. 41 57' : 87, 9*2 : 20i'5 : 6^6. 2390. xvm b 42 m< 9, N. 34 25' : 7*3, 87 : i57'9 : 4 // '2. 2:2397. xvm h 44 m -2, N. 31 18' : 7*2,97: 267 -4 : 3"'? : J., bl. h. 1347. XVIIlh 44 m 7> N. 28 20' : De., 8, 8-5, 8'2 : 275'o, i64'i : i8"'4, 75"'3. Pretty object. j8 (2 1 39). xvm h 47 m -i, N. 33 d 16' : 3, 67 : I49'8 : 45^8 : y., w. Goodricke found large star, var., 1784. 3'4-4'i : I2 d> 9. Secondary min. midway between primary minima. Se. found bright lines. They change their relative positions according to the phase, and accompany dark hyd. and helium lines. Doubling of dark lines also occurs, and probably there are at least three bodies here (Har.). Pro- bably col. is var. h. and South, '24, Sm., '34, w. I found it '49, '50, '55, decidedly yellower than y, which I saw w., or very pale y., '50, '55. 5j-in. both very pale, but j3 the yellower, '62. y is suspected var., and has 4 faint attendants. The closest (OH 544), 12 m*. : 296'4 : 13" -9. 48' s ft is v 1 (Ho. 440), 5-5, 13 : I76'9 : 19". B (HA. 586). xvm h 5o""9, N. 36 52' : 4, 5 : FT., 5, 6, '77 : fine or., w. Fine III type. Glorious field. 3 p, n' s, is Es. 241 : 9*1, 107 : 69'8 : 2". 17" p, 24' n Si, is )8 137 : De. 8'2, 87 : I23'8 : i"'2. 02:525. xvm h 5i m '9, N. 33 52': 5-1, 10-3, 7*1: I3i'3, 35O'5 : i"*2 : 45^5 : y., o., bl. Beautiful miniature 170 THE STARRY HEAVENS. of j8 Cygni with two minute companions. D. calls 10 '3 most difficult to measure, and nearly min. vis. of his 6 J-in. achr. 027 thinks it var. as De. makes it 8 and 9. I held it pretty steadily with 9J-in. spec. A little sf is 2 2421 : 8, 87 : 68'8 : 2i"'i. ft '03 : 64 : 22"'6. Ho. 270. xvm h 52 m '3, N. 41 30' : 6, 13 : 3O7'2 : 8"'2, with 12 : 387 : 23"'2. 2:2419. xvm h 52 m '3, N. 29 7' : 87,8-8: i79'5 : 3"'2. 648. xvm h 54-0, N. 32 48' : 6, 9-5 : 3 i2'5 : o"*6 : '78. Bowyer, '12 : i83'8 : 0^4. Bin. 2:2427. xvm b 55 m '3, N. 38 / : 8*5, 9: 63'6 : 44"'2 (ft '05 : 6i'4 : 48"'6). 9 comes, 9*2 : 8o'i : 6"'9. An interesting group. H 2430. xvm h 56 m '2, N. 29 29' : 8*5, 8-5 : 359'3 : i"-g. 2 2441. xvm h 59 m '6, N. 31 16' : 77, 9-3 : 29i'9 : 5"'2 : ysh., o. ft '05 : 279'3. 2:2448. xix h o m '8, N. 35 3 / : 8'2, 8'2 : i 9 3-2 : 2^4. 2:2456. xix h 3 m -o, N. 38 24': 8-2, 8-2: i3'6: 29"-!. Ph. '13 : 183-! : 23 //> 2. HH, comes, 13-5 : g6'6 : 2i x/ -3. 2:2458. xix h 3 m 7, N. 27 38' : 8-5, 9, 7-5 : 227^7, 244'3 : 10^9, 70 // '4. Fr, '14, AB, 11^9. 2:2459. xix h 4 m -i, N. 25 51' : 8-4,9-1: 233: i3 7 '7. 17 (2:2461). xix h 4 m - 4 , N. 32 23' : 57, 9'8 : 33O'6 : 3""? : ysh., blsh. j8, '05 : 315 : c.p.m. j8 finds that an II m g . star ('10 : 65'! : i34 7/ -5) has the large p.m. of i //- 75 towards 49'5. 2:2466. xix h 4 m -8, N. 29 41' : 8, 8-5 : io9'3 : z"^. 2:2469. xix h 5 m 'i, N. 38 48' : 7-6, 8-7 : I2O'9 : 1^-3. 2:2467. xix h 5 m -6, N. 30 42' : 8-6,9: 263: io"'i. 2:2470. xix h 5 m '8, N. 34 38': 67, 8-2: 27i-6: 12,"^ : w., 8'2 pale bl. '82. Fr., '14 : LYRA. 171 2:2472, 2:2473. xix h 5 m -8, N. 37 47' : 27 2472 : 7-5, 9-2 : 336'5 : I7"' 1 - ft '5 : I9"'3- ^ 2473 : 9> 9*2 : 293 '2 : 6"'2. Pairs 75" apart ; minute star, 12 m*., between. Sa., several other minute comites. 2:2474. xix b 6 m -i, N. 34 28': 67, 8: 2587 : i/^ : ysh., ashy. 8 ruddy, '82. Fr., bl. '15. Ho. 572. xix h 6 m '3, N. 30 26' : 6-5, I2'2 : 3I57 : 18^4. Z 2481. xix h 8 m '4, N. 38 39' : 8, 8 : 234'3 : 3"'8. Bowyer, '12 : 2i8'4 : 4""3. Se., split comes : 9 : De., 69'8 : o"'4 : '77- A., '12 : i02'2 : o"'5. Bin. 58 years. Pair 3' 5, 10*5, 107. 2:2483. xix h 9 m '3, N. 30 13' : 7-2, 8-3, 8-5 : 319, 237 : 9 "7, 71"-!. Fr., '15 : AB 3 i5'8 : io"-2. 7^(2:2487). xix 11 ii m> o, N. 39 o': 4, 8'i : 85: 27 /x '9 : bl., ash. Fr., '14: 8i'9 : 28 // '2 : w., bl. Y., grnsh., or blsh. ; 3^-in., and Bishop's 7-in. '49, '50. 4, pale y., 5j-in., '62. Fr., yw., indigo, '79 ; De., w., azure. A low-powered field includes two other small pairs, sp and/; B. adds a third. 02:371. xix h I2 m 7, N. 27 19': 6-8, 6-9: i54'i: o^S. Triple, 9 : 267'8 : 47"'8. 2:2491. xix h i3 m -o, N. 28 8 7 : 7-9, 9-2: 206 7 : i"'i. Bowyer, 'n : 2i8'5. B (Eh. 608). xix h I2 m '9, N. 37 57' : 5, 8 : (Es. : 71 : 100^1) : y., bl. ; is in a fine field. 2:2505. xix h i6 m> 2, N. 35 21' : 8, 87 : 3i4'9 : tf'q : y., bl. j8, comes 13 : 224 : i9 // '3. STARS WITH KEMARKABLE SPECTRA, AND VARIABLES. j3 (var.). See under Double Stars. W (var.). xvm h i2 m '2, N. 36 38' : 7*6-12-5 : 196^6. Anderson. T (var.). xvin h 29 m '6, N. 36 56' : 7-2-7-8 : B. : IV. 172 THE STARRY HEAVENS. Es.-Birm. 550. xvm h 32^9, N. 37 36' : 8 : pale E. : W. Es.-Birm. 559. xvm h 39 m '5, N. 36 28': 7: R. : Gage. Krueger, '91 : 5-8 : III : Var. ? Es.-Birm. 561. xvm b 40""!, N. 36 53' : R. : W. Var. 7-9 . Safarik, and Es. IV. Se. Es.-Birm. 564. xvm h 4O m '6, N. 39 13' : 6-5 : R. : W. D., two comites. Var. : III. Es.-Birm. 566. xvm h 42^0, N. 33 6' : 77 : R. : B. III. R (var.). xvm h 52 m< 9, N. 43 50' : 4-47 : 46 d : Baxendell. Es.-Birm. 579. xvm b 56 m '2, N. 40 34' : 6-5 : III : Du. Es.-Birm. 596. xix h i6 m '0, N. 27 6' : 67 : R. : Bucking ham. III. U (var.). xix h I7 m '3, N. 37 44' : 8'3 o, N. 36 2' : T9 : in : Du - RR (var.). xix h 22 m> 9, N. 42 38' : 7-2-8'! : o d< 6 : Har. NEBULA, AND CLUSTER. Sweeping between Lyra and Cygnus exceedingly fine. 6720 (M. 57). xvm h 5i m 'i, N. 32 56'. The only annular neb. accessible by common telescopes, fortunately easily found, J of the distance from jS towards y. It is somewhat oval, and bears magnifying well. Its light I have often imagined fluctuating and unsteady, like that of some other plan. neb. ; an illusion arising probably from an aperture too small for the object. Lick photo, gives the impression of several rings intertwined, and Wolf finds rings of different diameters and shapes for the different monochromatic radiations. There is a small star in the centre which is very conspicuous as about 12*5 on all photographs but visually very faint (Barnard, 15*5 m 8 .). and a still fainter one at P. 301 about 6" from nucleus. Huggins first found the spectrum gaseous. A minute star/; h., u m. ; Barnard, m g . 12-4: P. 87'8, D. RING NEBULA, M. 57, LYR.E. Photographed at the Lick Observatory. MONOCEROS. 173 6i"7 ; D'A., certainly only 14, 1861. Yet Sa. caught it with 3-in. achr. '74. 34 sec. p, 12' n, is the var. RX. : 12-17 : 247*. Dis. by Silbernagel. Bright broad group. xvm h 53 m> o, N. 41 57'. 6779 (M. 56). xix b I3 m '5, N. 30 2' : faintish, perhaps resolvable with 3^,-in. ; in fine field and rich region, between 3 and 4 np ft Cygni. Sm., ' a globular cl. in a splendid field.' H., 11-14 mg - MONOCEROS. Inconspicuous to the naked eye, but rich in groups and clusters, through including a brilliant part of the Galaxy. DOUBLE STARS. 3 (0 16). v h 58 m 'i, S. 10 36' : 5-5, 10 : K., 356'! : i"'8. In a large faint neb. 4 (ft 17). vi h 4 m 7, S. 11 8' : 6, 10-4, icr8 : i8o'4, 246'8 : 3"'2, 8*- 9 . 5 869. vi h 6 m - 9 , S. 9 50' : 7'5> 8-5 279 : 24^3. ft 566. vi b io m 7, S. 4 33' : 6-5, 12-5 : 209'9 : 1^-9. ft 323. vi h io m< 8, S. i 42' : De., 8-5, io'2 : 9<3 '2 : 2 /7 '4. 5 (h. 384). vi h n m 'o, S. 6 15' : 4-5, 13 : 27^ : 51^4. h., 18 m g . Sa., easy 6J-in. spec. S 898. vi h I7 m '5, N. 11 i r : 8-3, 8-8 : 121 : 6*'i. Z 3116. vi b I7 m 7, S. 11 44' : 6-2, 10-4 : i9'2 : 4"'$. ft, '05 : 27-i : 3"7- 8 (Z goo). vi h I 9 m '5, N. 4 38' : 4, 67 : 25'9 : 13^-9 : ysh., blsh. Golden y., lilac, '50. B., comes 12, Sa., est. 35 : 90" ; between 2 minuter. Glorious low- power field. 174 THE STARRY HEAVENS. 27901. vi h 20 m< 6, N. 10 34' : 77, 9-5 : 247^5 : 20". h., comes s. 27 910. vi h 22 m 7, N. o 30' : 8-3, 8'8 : I7o'9 : o"7 : ysh. Hu., '02 : I58'6. A 6-5, y. : I5o'6 : 66"'i. Near 77 Orionis, a fine 6 m g . y. ; this pair np, another sp : a noble spectacle. 27914. vi h 22 m> 9, S. 7 27' : 67, 9 : 297^ : 21". 27915. vi h 24 m 'o, N. 5 20' : 8, 9 : 39 -i : 5 "- 9 . ii (27919). vi h 24 m< 9, S. 6 58' : 5 has at 130 : 7^2, 5-5, 6 : ioi7: 2"'5. W.,ysh.w.,greyorblsh.'5i. Hunt, '62, Sa., '75 : 5 or. H., the discoverer 1781, calls this * one of the most beautiful sights in the heavens.' Packer, var. The outside stars, 5 and 6, have hydrogen lines bright. Har., double spectrum, F changing its place, like the lines in j8 Lyrae. 27 921. vi h 26 m 7, N. 11 19' : 6, 8'2 : 3'8 : i6"'3. y.w., blsh. w. Fr., '15 : pale y., bl. 27926. vi h 27 m '4, N. 5 50': 7-3, 87: 287-!: io x/ 7. yw., ash. 14 (27938). vi h 30 m '4, N. 7 39' : 7, 11-2 : 2o67 : io"'3. 27 939. vi b 3i m 7, N. 5 23' : 8'i, 87, 9 : io6'2, 49'3 : 29"' 8 > 39"-8. Beautiful. 15 S (27 950). vi h 36 m '6, N. 9 58' : 6, 8'8, ii'2 : 2o87, 12'9 : 2"'8, i6"'6 : grn., bl., o. Bowyer, '12 : I27'5 : 3"'5. Comes well seen ; another smaller, and more remote np, 5i-in. '64. Large star var. ? 4*9-5 '4, Winnecke. Spect. Bin. Photos show large neb. near, probably connected with S. Above, 3 pairs in irreg. transverse line One, 27 952 : 9, 9 : 295*2 : I3"'6, another De., 9*1, 10*2 : 45'9 : 3"'6. Fine group s, containing 27 951 : 8*5, 107 : 45'9 : 3"*6- Wa., comes to 107, j8 209'9 : n"*4. MONOCEROS. 175 2 3117 : 8-9, 9-4 : 93'2 : o"'6. 2 953 : 7-5, 8 330'9 : f"L : ysh., blsh. 2 954 : 77, io'2 : i53*5 : 12*7. 2 3118, 30 8 /, 6' : 9, 9-5 : i 74 -8 : 2"'4. ^949. vi h 3 6 m '6, N. 5 4 / : 8-5, 9 : 287^7 : 3 "- 4 . )3 897. vi h 46 m 7, S. o 26' : 6'6, 12 : 3O'9 : 5^6. 2:987. vi h 5o m '2, S. 5 45' : 77, 7'8 : i6 3 '5 : i"i. 2:986. vi h 50-5, N. 9 36' : 8-3, 8'8 : i67'2 : 5^2. j3 326. vi h 52 m< o, N. 2 25' : De., 8, 9-5 : 62'8 : i"'2. 2:998. vi h 53 m -o, S. 5 22' : 8'2, 8*5 : 205'5 : 3"-!. |8 327. vi h 54 m '5, S. 2 55" : De., 7-5, 8 : ioo'i : i /x , with 11-5 : I02'6 : i3 7/ '2. 2 1003. vi h 54 m 7, S. 9 3' : 9, 9-2 : 320'3 : 3 // 9. 2:1010. vi h 57-4, S. 3 o': 7-8, 8-8: 4'5 : 23^7. A., comes, 15-5 : i87'6 : 2 // 7. 2 1015. vn h i m -o, S. 5 39' : 87, 87 : I95'6 : 4 //> 9. 2 1029. vii h 4 m> o, S. 4 33' : 7-4, 8'i : 23'4 : 2 // 'i. 2 1030. vn h 5 m 'o, S. 8 33' : 8, 9-2 : 42 : T.$""J. 2 1034. vn h 5 m '5, S. 8 n' : 87, 9*2 : iy'6 : 2"'5. 2 1043. vn h 8 m '5, S. o 33' : 8'8, 8'8 : 248- 3 : 2^4. 2 1045. vn h 8 m 7, S. 3 i' : 7-8, 9 : 226^9 : $"'<}. w., ash. 24 (J3 1268). vn h io m '5, S. o i' : 6, ii'8 : 3i3'2 : 3^8. 2 1052. vn h io m> 8, S. 10 8' : 8-5, 87 : 2O'3 : 20". 2 1056. vn h n m '5, S. i e 43' : 78, 8'8 : 297^9 : 4" : ysh., blsh. 2 1077. vii h i6 m '9, S. o 31' : 9-3, 9-3 : 3 22 '2 : 5^-4. j3, comes, 12*2 : 24O*5 : 2i"'2. 2 1097. vn h 24 m 'i, S. 11 24' : 6-5, 87 : 312-! : 20 /x '2 : y., blsh. Pale r., deep bl., '51 ; h., comes ; , 9*8 : I57'2: 23^4. j3 doubles 6'5 : De., 6*3, 8*2: i66'5 : o"*8, and sees another comes I2j : 4i'4 : 3i"i. 2 1109. vn h 27 m> 8, S. o 21' : 8'8, 8'8, n : 15% 176 THE STARRY HEAVENS. 2 mi. vii h 27 m> 9, S. 8 32' : 8'2, 87 : 21^6 : ig"'8. 2 1132. vn h 38 m -2, S. 3 19' : 8'i, 87 : 237-g : i 9 "- 3 . Fr., '15 : 8, 8-4 : 234'8 : ig'-g. 2 1141. vn h 42 m '9, N. o 13' : 8, 87 : 8'9 : 17""?. In pretty group. S 1157. vn b 5o m '5, S. 2 35' : 8, 8 : 267'3 : i"'6. Scott, '03 : 245'2 : i"'2. A little sp is S 1154 : 7'7 9'9 ' 35^ : 2*'3 : w., purpsh. ; and further on, S 1152 : 8-2, 9-9 : 3I2'9 : 5"'8 : y. 2:1183. vm b 2 m '6, S. 9 i': 5-5, 7-8 : 326- 3 : 31": yw., w. Fr., w., bl. A. doubles comes : 8*5, 12*2 : 325*6 : i"'2, and sees 14 m*. : 20'! : 14^3 from 8*5. 29 (2 1190). vm h 4 m -6, S. 2 45' : 6, 117 : I04'2 : 3i /7 -6 : y., o. 117 more like 10 or n to me, '51, '55, '56, '72 (9-in. spec.) ; De., 10. So Sa., '75. Gore, 3-in. achr., '74 ; Fr., n, '77. Yet h. and South missed it. E saw it in a 5-ft. instrument. Var. ? An 8-5 : 244- 4 : 6 7 "'i. 2 1233. vm b 24 m '5, S. 2 15' : 7-2, 11-5 : 33i'5 : i8"'2 : ysh., o. Es., n, var. ? De., 10*4. A. divides 7-2 : 7-4, 7-5 : 597 : 0^2. 2 1264. vm h 38 m '4, S. 8 6' : 9, 9 : 269-; : 5 /A 8. 31 (HA. 303). vm h 39 m 7, S. 6 57' : ft 5-5, 8'i : 3o8'8 : 78 //< 3. Webb., fine y., beautiful bl. ft faint star : 339'6: 57"'i. STARS WITH KEMARKABLE SPECTRA, AND VARIABLES. II and 15 (S.). See under Double Stars. Es.-Birm. 182. vi h I7 m '4, S. n 47' : 6'8 : R. : III ? Pickering. Light bl. star near. V (var.). vi h i8 m 7, S. 2 9' : 7*2 < 12 '9 : 332* : Schonfeld. T (var.). vi h 20^9, N. 7 8' : 57-6*8 : 27 d : Gould. MONOCEROS. 177 Es.-Birm. 194. vi h 3i m '3, S. i 26' : 8-3 : R. : III : EH. Es.-Birm. 195. vi b 3i m> 8, S. 5 19' : 9-2 : R. : III : Es. R (var.). vi h 34 m '8, N. 8 48' : 9-5-13 : Irreg. : Schm. Es.-Birm. 200. vi h 40 m '5, N. 3 24' : 9-3 : IV : Pickering. Es.-Birm. 201. vi h 43 m '4, N. o 47' : 9-6 : remarkable R. : IV? Es. * W (var.). vi h 48 m -2, S. 7 2' : 8-8-13 : 262*5 : IV : Es. Splendid field. Es.-Birm. 206. vi h 49 m '2, S. 4 28' : R. : Hn. IV. Y (var.). vi h 52 m '4, N. 11 21' : 8-13*5 : 225 d : Ceraski. Es.-Birm. 208. vi h 54""!, N. 6 16' : 8 : R. : IV : Es. Es.-Birm. 211. vi h 57 m< o, S. 3 8' : 77 : R. : IV : Es. Es.-Birm. 216. vii h 3 m 'i, S. 7 26' : 8-3 : R. : Bessel. IV. Es.-Birm. 219. vn h io m '3, S. 9 / : 8'5 : R. : Hn. III. Es.-Birm. 230. vn h 2i m '2, S. 2 59' : 9: R. : IV: Es. U (var.). vn h 27 m -o, S. 9 36' : 5-9-8 : 45 d -2. Gould. Type of R Scuti. Es., spectrum var. ? Es.-Birm. 236. vn h 27 m -8, N. o 38' : 8'2 : R. : Bond. III. CLUSTERS. 2232 (10). vi h 24 m 'o, S. 4 43' : 6 pale y., the lucida of an elegant group, visible with naked eye. The Galaxy throughout this region well repays the trouble of sweep- ing. 2244 (H. VII 2). vi h 28 m '4, N. 4 55'. Beautiful; visible to the naked eye ; including 12, 6 m g . y. ; and many 7 and 9 m g . stars. The smallest, 14 m g ., run in rays. Small pair near centre. 2301 (H. VI 27). vi h 47^7, N. o 33'. Bright Galaxy cl., resembling three arms of a cross. 2323 (M. 50). vi h 59 m -i, S. 8 14'. Brilliant cl., strag- gling, h. says, to 30' ; containing a red star ; between Sirius VOL. II. N 178 THE STARRY HEAVENS. and Procyon, J nearer the former, in a superb neighbour- hood, where the Creator has ' Sowed with stars the heaven thick as a field.' 2548 (H. VI 22). vm h 9 m> 8, S. 5 33'. Group of pretty uniform 9 m g . stars, with a profusion of lesser ones. OPHIUCHUS. An extensive region, somewhat barren to the eye, but attractive to the telescope. DOUBLE STARS. Z 2033. xvi h i4 m 'o, S. 2 5' : 8-5, 87 : I75'6 : 10*7. p (Rh. 512). xvi h 2i m '5, S. 23 19' : 6, 6 : i'9 : 4"'i, '34. Jouffray, '05 : 353'2 : 3"'4- Bin - Pale y., tawny, '54. Finely grouped with two 8 m g . stars, the most distant of which is B 1115 : 8'i, 9*2 : 26'3 : o"'9. h., on intensely black ground, in a great blank space, existing in a vast nebula on Barnard's photo. 2:2048. xvi h 24 m '5, S. 7 58' : 6-3, 9 : 3027 : 4*7 : ysh., o. Sm. notes deep or. star in field. A (Z 2055). xvi h 26 m '9, N. 2 10': 4, 6'i : 33i'8 : 0^8: y., blsh. Ph., '14 : 7O'5 : I' A I. Bin. Es., Fr., cols. var. ? Sa., 2 faint comites. 19 (2:2096). xvi b 43 m 'i, N. 2 12' : 6, 9-3 : 92 0> 6 : 22 //< 2 : w., ash. Fr., '15 : 9O7 : 23 // *2. Fine low- powered field. 2:2106. xvi h 47 m -3, N. 9 33': 67, 8-4:. 337 '5 : i" Bryant, '12 : 278'! : v"'2. OPHIUCHUS. 179 21(0^315). xvi h 47 m -4, N. i 22': 6'2, 8'i : 167 -4 : o'-S, '42. Furner, '08: I577. In field with 27 2105 : I30'4 : 29"'! : 8, 9*5. To me, 8, 9 (Sm.'s scale), Sept. n, '55. 27.'s 9*5 would have been extremely minute (3~-in.) and certainly not rated 9 by me. De., 8"5, 97. j8 241. xvi h 5o m -8, S. 21 26' : 67, 6'8 : 343 : o"'6. 2:3106. xvi h 5i m -4, S. 5 3' : 8'6, 8'6 : 246'6 : 2"'4. 24 ()8 1117). xvi h 52 m> o, S. 23 i' : 6-4, 6-5 : 264^2 : 0*7. A., '12 : 28i'6. SA. 240. xvi h 52 m> 4, S. 19 25' : 6-3, 8 : Doo., 23O'2 : 4" -9. 3107. xvi h 54 m -2, N. 44': 8-5,8-5: ii2'3 : i"'6. A., '03 : 95-6 : i // - 3 . 272114. xvi h 58 m -i, N. 8 34': 6'2, 7-4: i357 : i"- 3 . Bowyer, '12 : i65"3. Hu. 164. xvn h o m< o, S. 12 32' : 6-5, I2'2 : 34i'4 : i"'8. 272122. xvn h 2 m 7, S. i 33' : 6-5,87: 280 -5 : 20"-!. 272123. xvii h 3 m 'i, N. 6 55' : 8-5,8-5: 2i8'4 : I9"'3. A. 1145. xvn h 4 m -i, S. o 59' : 6, 8 : 24O'8 : o"^. rj (]8 1118). xvn h 5 m -8, S. 15 37' : 3'4 3*9 : 2747 o// '3- A., 'ii : 2 4 7-5 : o 7 ^. h. 589- xvn h 5 m '9, S. 24 50' : ft 7-5, 7-8 : 302 : 9^9. ]3 125. xvn h 7 m -2, S. 26 56' : 7-9, 10 : 6i'3 : i^. 33 8 p, 20' n, is j3 956 : 8, 9-7 : 163-! : o"-6. 272i 3 2. xvn h 8 m '5, S. 3 5/ : 8-3, 9 : 108 : 1^-5. 36 (SA. 243). xvn h io m '5, S. 26 28' : 6, 6 : 43'5 : 5'': '35. Doo., '05 : 190 : 4"'2. Golden y., '54. Strange to say, its rapid p.m., i""27 annually, is identical with that of 30 Scorpii, more than 12' dist. Fl. has found a corresponding movement in an inter- mediate star, 12 m g . A dist. 7-5 with minute comes (h.) forms no part of the system. 2 m f is 38 (S 385) : 6-5, n. Scott, 337'i : 6". 180 THE STARRY HEAVENS. 39 (Hft. 534)- xvn h i 3 m 'i, S. 24 12' : 5i, 6 : ft 3 56'2 : io""6. Pale or., clear bl., beautiful, '54. 126. xvn h i5 m -2, S. 17 41' : De., 6*2, 7-5 : 26i'3 : i"7 : w, azure. Comes, ir6 : I397 : II "'5- 2 2149. xvn h I5 m 7, S. 6 21' : 8-8, 8'8 : 23'2 : f'$. A 2241. xvii b I5 m 7, S. 19 15' : 6-5, 14 : 75'3 : 5'. Hn. 134. xvii b I9 m> 9, S. 21 22' : 6'2, 12 : I49*4 : 4". 2:2156. xvn b I 9 m '8, S. o 45' : 8-3,9: ( 3 6'i) : 3 "- 3 . 2^2160. xvii b 20 m '9, N. 15 41': 5-5, 10 : 6i'9: 4^1: v.w., ash. 27 2159. xvn h 2i m -2, N. 13 24' : 7-4, 8'i : 326'4 : 26"'3. ]8i29. XVIlh 23 m 7, S. 25 26': 7-5, 8: Gin. ioo'3 : 0-9. Z 2166. xvn h 24 m> 8, N. 11 27' : 5-6, 7-4 : 283'2 : 27 7/ '5 : w., blsh. 2:2171. xvii h 24 m '9, S. 9 56': 7'5> 7'6: 75 7 : J"' 6 - Maw, '98 : 67'6. S 2170. xvn h 24 m '9, N. 10 33' : 8-5, 9 : 76'3 : 3 /r> 8. 2:2173. xvn h 26 m '3, S. i o r : 5-8, 6'i : 323'8 : 0^6: v.y., gold, '30. Bin. 46^0 years. Orbit elong. ellipse, principal star near centre. Bryant, '12 : i85'3 : o /7 '2 ; widening to o 7/ '9 (1819) at 154, then closing. A 2386. xvn h 27 m '3, N. 2 47' : 6-5, 6-5 : 323'6 : o /A i . 54(2:2184). xvii h 30 m 7, N. 13 13': 6-3, 11-2: 76'8 : 2i' /< 4 : y., o. 53 (S I 34)- xvn h 3 o m '8, N. 9 38' : 5-6, 7-3 : i9i'4 4^'i- w. 7*3 decided bl., '50 ; 5'6 light y. : so Fr., '76. 2:2187. xvii b 3i m 7, N. 4 12' : 8-3, 9-3 : I77'6 : 3"'i. 2:2186. xvn b 3i m> 8, N. i 3 X : 7-5,7-5: 827 : *"'9- 2:2188. xvn h 32 m '3, N. 6 40' : 8-5,9-2: 203'8 : 5^-5. 2:2191. xvn h 35 m '5, S. 4 56' : 7, 8 : 268'2 : 26^-5. Ho, comes to 8, 12 : 327 : 8"'3. OPHIUCHUS. 181 1251. xvii h 38 m '4, N. 16 o' : 6, 11-5 : 79 : 1^4. Doo., '05 : 62'4. 2:2200. xvii h 39 n "9, N. 5 53' : 8, 8'8 : i68'2 : 1*7. 61 (2:2202). xvn h 40 m< 6, N. 2 37' : 5-5, 5-8 : 94'! : 20^5 : w. W., greyish, p considerably the larger, '50 ; a little larger, g-in. spec., '71, '76, '80. De., 2 2211. xvn b 42 m< 5, S. i n' : 8'2, 9-2 : ii5"5 : 9*7. 2:2212. xvn h 42 m '5, N. 5 44' : 8-5,8-8: 34i'5 : 3*'i- 2:2222. xvn h 44 m '3, N. 14 50' : 7-5,9*2: 58'6 : 2^1. 2 2227. xvii h 46 m -i, N. 5 21' : 8'8, 8'8 : 296'5 : 19^6. ft '05 : 18". In broad group, evidently a, family. 02:338. xvri h 48 m> 4, N. 15 20': 6'6, 6-9: 46: o"7 : gold. Greenw., '12 : I4'4 : o"'8. Lewis, pair i m /, n' n : 9, 9-5 : 292'4 : 2^-3. Another, i m p, 10, 10*5 : 346 '6 : i"'2. Bryant another in field, 282*4 : i"'4. 2:2235. xvn h 48 m '8, S. 2 15': 7-5, 9-1: I23'5: 18^4: y., o. Fr., '15 : I9"'2. Hn. 139. xvn h 5o m '5, S. 11 37' : 6-5, 10-3 : I54'2 : 3*7. 2: 2244. xvn h 53 m< o, N. o 4' : 6-9, 7-1 : 272^7 : i". 2:2252. xvii h 55 m< o, N. 2 3' : 8,8*3: 22*9 : 3"'8. 2:2254. xvn h 55 m '3, N. 12 27' : 8-3,87: 266: 3^2. 67 (Rh. 551). xvn h 56 m -6, N. 2 56' : j8, 5-6, 9 : 143 : 54*7. )8, comites to both ; 5, 14-8 : I95*6 : 6"'8, and 8-3, 11-5 : I29'6 : 8^-4, another, ft 12 : 178 : 45"7. B., faint pair, sp. A short dist. p, a little s, must be h.'s ' very fine or. star/ 7-5 m g . 67, ysh., bl, '50. 68 (j3 1125). xvii h 57 m 7, N. i 19' : 5-1, 9-9 : i4'9 : i*. A., '12 : 22'6 : o"'8. T (2:2262). xvn h 58 m 7, S. 8 11' : 5, 5-7 : i92'9 : 0^3 : ysh., '35. Bin. Ph., '13 : 259'6 : 2"'i. 182 THE STARRY HEAVENS. OZ27 164. xvn h 59"% N. f 55' : De., 7-3, S'2 : 2-g : 49^8 : y . H 2265. xvm h o m '2, N. 6 27' : 8-4, 9-4 : 282'8 : 24^5. 70 (2:2272). xvm b i m '4, N. 2 33' : 4-1, 6'i : I48'2.: 4" : y., purple, '25. Y., or., '50. Bin. 86*7 years, p.m. i"'i3. Dist. varies from 1*7 to 6*7 (Ha.), now widening. Ph., '14 : I42'8 : 4"'2. P. Sm. thinks 6'i var. in col. Fr., both y., '76. De., 6'i generally red. 3 minute comites : 9-in. spec. '71. 2 2276. xvni h 2 m 'o, N. 12 o' : 6, 7 : 257'9 : 6"'8 : yw., blsh. w. W., ruddy, not J m g . diff. '50. De., 6-3, 7'2. Du., 6-4, 6-5 ; '68, '71. Fr., '15, J m. diff. ; yw., blsh. w. 73 (2:2281). xvm h 5 m -6, N. 3 58' : 57. 7*2 : 2597 : ^'S- Elong. ? '50. Bin. 160 years ? Very elongated ellipse. Bryant, '12 : 258'2 : o"'2. Now widening. 2:2283. xvm h 5 m 7, N. 6 8': 7-2, 77: 92^7: 1^2. Bryant, '12 : 88'2 : 0^7. 2 2329. xvm h 27 m '5, N. 6 25' : 43'3 : 4"'2. 27 2342. xvin h 3i m 7, N. 4 52' : 57, 8-5 : 12 : 26 //< 9. Fr., '14 : 5'3 : 3O /7 -o. j8, comes 127 : 336'2 : 9 7/ '3. 2:2346. xvm h 33 m '4> N. 7 28': 7'5, 9- 282 "8 : 15^-4. Fr., '14 : 292'4 : 22"'3. r.m. STARS WITH REMARKABLE SPECTRA, AND VARIABLES. W (var.). xvi h I7 m 'i, S. 7 31' : 8'9 5 : IV : Du. x . xvi h 22 m '4, S. 18 17' : 5-2 : Hy. Ear. Es.-Birm. 459. xvi h 23 m '4, S. 7 25' : 6'2 : III : D'A. T (var.). xvi h 29 m '2, S. 15 58' : io-i2'5 : 36i d : Pogson. S(var.). xvi h 29 m> 6, S. 17 o' : 8'3 7, S. 2 36' : 8'i-i2 : 23O d : Anderson. Nova i. xvi h 55 m> o, S. 12 46' : Hind, '48. Rose to 4 m*. and faded to 12*5. Var. xvn h i m 'i, S. 26 29' : 7*2-8 : Cannon. R (var.). xvn h 3 m> 2, S. 15 59' : 7-1-13-6 : 3O2 d '2 : Pogson. U (var.). xvn h I2 m '5, N. i 18' : 6-67 : 0^839 : Algol type. Gould, h., comes, ft 358'8 : 2o"'2. Z (var.). xvii b I5 m '5, N. i 36' : 7-5-12-5 : 348* : Fleming. Es.-Birm. 486. xvn h I5 m '7, N. 2 13' : 7 : III : D'A. Es.-Birm. 490. xvn b 22 m '3, N. 16 59' : 6'2 : III : Vogel. Es.-Birm. 492. xvn h 25 m 'o, S. 19 25' : 7-8 : R. : h. IV. Du. Var. Es. Nova 2. xvn h 26 m '8, S. 21 25' : Mostlin, Kepler's scholar, 1604, at first surpassing Jupiter and even rivalling Venus, vanishing in ij years. Chacornac, '61, mapped a 10 m 8 ., missed by some observers '71, recovered as 12 m g . by Winnecke, '75, and ap- parently var. Es.-Birm. 495. xvn h 3O m> i, N. 14 54' : 6'2 : III : Vogel. Es.-Birm. 497. xvii h 30 m '5, N. 12 35' : 8'2 : R. : W. Star. xvn h 39 m 7, S. 6 15' : 8'8 : Hy. : Fleming. Es.-Birm. 502. xvn h 40 m '0, N. 4 22' : 8'i : pale R. : W. Ill ? Es. Es.-Birm. 501. xvn h 4o m< 2, S. 18 37' : 8*5 : R. : h. IV. Du. Var. Es.-Birm. 503. xvn h 43 m '5, 8.3 37' : 8'5 : R. : Hn. III. RS (Nova ?). xvn b 46 m 'o, S. 16 40' : 77. Irregularly var., but increasing in '98 to 77 and showing the spec- trum of a Nova. It has since sunk to 10, and shows usually spect. of class K. A similar outburst occurred in Z Andrornedae. 184 THE STARRY HEAVENS. Y (var.). xvn b 48% S. 6 7' : 6'i-6'5 : i7 d> i : Sawyer. Es.-Birm. 512. xvm h 3 m '5, N. 6 32' : 7-5 : III : Vogel. X (var.). xvm b 34-5, N. 8 45' : 6-5-9 : 33 5 d . Es. CLUSTERS AND NEBULAE. 6171 (H. VI 40). xvi h 28 m 'o, S. 12 53'. Large pale cl., best with low power. Comparative desert f. See M. 19 infra, and a list of similar vacancies in App. I. 6218 (M. 12). xvi b 43 m 'i, S. i 48' : resolvable, h., 10-16 m g . E. of Rosse, slightly spiral ; finely grouped. 6254 (M. i). xvi b 52 m> 9, S. 3 59': bright cl. h., 11-15 m8 - E. of Rosse, tendency to curved branches. A beautiful group lies/; lucida bright or. 6273 (M. 19). xvi h 57 m '7, S. 26 9'. A mass of stars ; large, fairly bright, but very low. Near the large blank space in the body of Scorpio, where H. found scarcely any stars. 6333 (M. 9). xvn b I4 m *5, S. 18 26'. Small, apparently resolvable : * a myriad of minute stars, clustering into a blaze in the centre, and wonderfully aggregated with numerous outliers ' (Sm.). h., 14 m g . 6402 (M. 14). xvn b 33 m '4, S. 3 12'. Large ; glimpses of resolution, effected by H. with 2O-ft. refl. (h., 15 or 16 m 8 ., ' the finest star dust.') 6494 (M. 23). xvn b 52 m '2, S. 19 i'. Grand low-power field, h., about 100 stars, 9-10 to 13 m g . Announced by increasing number. Fine region xvni b 2 m 'i, N. 4 33'. Curious sequence of small stars xvm b 8 m *5, N. 4 f. 6572 (2 6). xvm b 8 m< 7, N. 6 50'. Small, very bright. Considered by E one of the most curious objects in the heavens, h., slightly hazy. D'A., a little elliptical, 5" or 6", blsh. grn. Gaseous. ORION. 185 ORION. The finest constellation in the heavens, equally remark- able for telescopic interest and obvious brilliancy ; fortu- nately its position is very suitable for English observers, as it comes to the meridian in winter, and attains a sufficient but not an inconvenient altitude. Sweeping in many parts most beautiful. a (Betelgeuze). v h 50 m> 8, N. 7 24' is irregular var. h., the discoverer, found it alternately above /3 (Rigel) and below a Tauri, from 1839, Nov. 26, to 1840, Jan. 7, losing nearly half its light ; afterwards its changes were much less conspicuous till 1849. I ^52, Dec. 5, Fletcher thought it brighter than Capella, which he rated clearly above Wega, so that it was then the brightest star in the N. hemisphere. He also saw it nearly approaching those stars, 1865, Dec. 25. When brightest Huggins and Miller find that a group of dark lines fades out of its spectrum, which is remarkable, like that of j3 Pegasi and others, for the extreme faintness of the lines of hydrogen. Huggins thinks it may be receding from us 22 miles per second. Lassell says of it, * A most beautiful and brilliant gem ! Singularly beautiful in colour, a rich topaz ; in hue and brilliancy different from any other star I have seen.' Look at a and )3 alternately to appreciate the contrast. The spectrum is of Type III, but the bands under high dis- persion are almost entirely resolved into innumerable fine lines. j3, comes, 14*5 : I09'5 : 39"'8. Three more distant. 20' s, a little p, is 2 817 : 8'2, 8*3 : 72^4 : i8"'5. DOUBLE STARS. 589. iv h 40 m '6, N. 5 9': 8, 8 : 3io'9 : 4*5 : y.w., Furner, 'n : 293'9. Beautiful. 186 THE STARRY HEAVENS. ]8 883. iv h 46 m -8, N. 10 56' : 7, 7 : Bin. i6'6 yrs. A., 1912 : 2i'3 : o"'2. Angle increases. Comes, 13 : I54'8 : i7"'8. 02:2755. iv h 4 6 m '9, N. 5 4': 8, 8* : De., I5'9 : 3/7- Webb; ruddy, bl. 2:609. iv h 47 m 7, N. i 2': 8-5, 87: 82'! : 1^9: y. A, '99: 74'3. 27 612. iv h 49 m '9, N. 7 15' : 7-6, 7-9 : i96'9 : i6"'6. 27 614. iv h 5i m -o, S. o 40' : 8-5, 8-9 : i79'9 : 2 /A 6. Do., '02 : 172*!. Closely sp TT Q . 2620. iv h 53-8, N. 13 50' : 8-4, 9-4 : 226- 3 : 3 "-6. 0272: 58. iv h 54 m '4, N. 14 26' : 67, 9 : De., 304'9 : 88"'9. Webb, white, bl., a 14 m 8 . at 100". 27627. Ivb 56 m '4> N. 3 30' : 6-3, 7 : 26o'3 : 2i //> 3. Fr., nearly equal. De., 6, 7. A splendid pair. Fr., '15 : 258'4 : 20 //> 6. 27 630. iv h 57 m '8, N. i 30' : 6'8, 8 : 49^2 : I4 /X : w., blah. Se.,5'5,7- '56. De.,6'3,77. l0 /^ 6 - A. doubles 8, ii : 25'2 : o /x '5. 14 (027 98). v h 3-5, N. 8 23': 6, 6'8 : 2i7'9 : 1^2. Greenw., '12 : I55'i : o x/ -8. Wa., pair n, a little/; Copeland, ii'2, 13-4: 288'4 : lo'^S. 6' s is 27 643: 8-5,8-5: 295'2: 2 // 7. 27 652. v h 7 m -6, N. o 56' : 6-3, 7-8 : i8 4 - 3 : i // ' 7 . pi (27654). v h 9 m 'i> N. 2 21': 47, 8-5: 6 3 '5 : f'i : v.y., bl. 8*5 very small, '49, '56 : so Sims, '76. Jacob, 10, '56 ; so Main, '62. De., 4-5, 8*5. Ha., 5, 8. 027 517. v h 9 m '4, N. i 52' : 6*5, 6-7 : 280 : o /x -7. A., '06 : 3io'8 : o /r -3. Ha., comes, 13 : i38'2 : 6 /x -9. 27664. v h 9 m '8, N. 8 21' : 7-5, 8 : i67'6 : 5 /7 . J8 (27668). v h io m 7, S. 8 17' : i, 8 : i99'8 : 9"'i : yw., o. h., 8, pale red : so Kitchener. De., azure. Es., bl. I always see a blue tinge in the great star, ORION. 187 resembling that of Wega. Sa., ysh. with reflector ; blsh. achr., side by side. Beautiful object, and fair test for small telescope ; but from low altitude often blotted with vapour. B. has seen 8 dis- tinctly with 4-|-in. achr. just before sunset ; j3 and Fr. have detected it with ij in. ; T. T. Smith with ij-in. silv. spec. j8 and Sa. elongated. Some- times single and sometimes double with Lick 36-in. Perhaps a very rapid bin., never wider than o"'2. Mitchel another comes, j8, i'5 : 44"*5. 667. v h io m -8, S. 7 10': 7-5, 9: 3i27 : 4^3: v.y., ash. With sweeping power, a pale ruby. 678. v h i 3 m -4, N. 4 36' : 8-3, 8'8 : 9 6 '5 : 3^3. T (j8 188). v h I 3 m 7 , S. 6 55' : 4, n, 107 : 24 9 '2, 60 : 35"'2, 36". Comes to n : ir6 : 5i'4 : 4". Fine test, well seen nj-in. spec. Next large star nffi. 688. v h I5 m '6, S. 10 49' : 7, 7-4 : 274'3 : io"'5 : ysh., blsh., w. 2:692. v h i6 m '6, S. 8 6': 7-8, 8'8 : 4'2 : 34"'9 : ysh., w. Fine wide object. divides 7*8 : 8, S'l : Be., 355'3 : 0^6. 2:693. v b i7 m '6, S. 2 / : 87, 9 : 8'9 : 3 7/ '6. 23 (Z 696). v h i8 m '6, N. 3 25' 15,7: 28'! : y."^ : grnsh. w., w. Pale y , fine bl., '49 Beautiful col. 2 701. v h I9 m '5, S. 8 30' : 67, 8-5 : 146 : 5"'$ : v.w., ash. Winnecke 2. v h I9 m '8, S. o 53' : 6-5, 6'8 : 169 : i /A 6, '66. A., '04 : i6o'5 : i^'9, who doubles 6'8 : 8, 8'i : I4i'5 : 0^2. 7) (Dawes 5). v h 2O m '5, S. 2 28' : 4, 5 : 87 : i" : w., purpsh. Ph., '14 : 8o'8 : i"'2. Excellent test, but low. 5j-in. with 212 sometimes split it. Buffham divides it with 4j-in. of 9-in. spec. Fixed ? Spect. Bin., 8 d . B., 4 comites. j3, faint 188 THE STARRY HEAVENS. pair sf, 10, ioj. i2 8 /, 6' s, is )8 556 : 7, 11-3 : 239'2 : o"'9. 27708. v h 2i m< o, N. i 52' : 8'2, 9-8 : 323'! : 2"'6. 2 m ^?, 50' 5, two pairs, S. 479 : 5, 9 : or., bl. and 27 700 : 8, 8-2: 5'3: 4"-5: w. Fr., yah., blsh. '77. 36 s p, 26' n, is S 702 : 8'8, 9-3 : 78'6 : 8". 17710. v h 2i m -5, S. 11 23' : 8-2,8-3: I93'6: 10*7. 27 712. v h 22 m '3, N. 2 48' : 7, 9 : (5 4 -5) : 3 "-i. 02(Knott 3). v h 22 m -6, N. 3 i' : 5-5, n : 322'3 : 2 // '8 : y., fine bl. Well seen, j8, 3j-in. of 6-in. aclir. : In a grand region. Sp. Bin. Quadr. in line i m / h. 702. v h 24 m -2, S. 2 i' : 0, 8-3, 8-6 : I48'3 : 24"-!. Secchi, pair in field, De., 8*5, 9 : 5i'3 : 5^2. De., another; 8'5, 10 : 358'6 : 15*7. Es., comes. Beautiful combination. S 721. v h 25 m '4, N. 3 5' : 7, 9 : 24^2 : w., o. Fr., 9 blsh., or purple, '77 : j8 divides comes : 9*5, 9-5 : I42'5 : 0-4. 31 (27725). v h 25 m '6, S. i 9' : 5-8, ii : 87'5 : 12*7 : v. gold, o. Fr., ii bl., '77, '79. n easy, 9fin. spec. Sa., underrated, clear bl. Buffham, 2j-in. of 9j-in. refl. De., 10*5. Gould, large star var. ? 4f-6 ? Ar. strongly suspects var. in 9 m 8 . 25"/, 3'#"n. 27726. v h 26 m '4, N. 10 12' : 8, 8-5 : 261 : i"'2. 32 (728). v h 26 m '5, N. 5 53' : 5-2, 67 : 2037 : i /7 : ysh. A., '10 : I22'o : o 7/ -2. 33 (27729). v h 27 m -o, N. 3 14' : 6, 7-3 : 25'6 : 1^9. 27 731. v h 27 m '3, S. 2 9' : 8*5, 9 : 33i'6 : 4"'6. Beautiful pair. 8 (27 1 14). v h 27 m> 9, S. o 21' : 2, 6'8 : 359'2 : 52 7/ 7 : grnsh. w., w. Pale grn., pale violet or lilac, '49. W.y., pale lilac, or violet, '55. Fr., pale y., fine ORION. 189 bl., '77. h., var. 2-2-27 ? Sp. bin. 5*7. , comes, 14 : 226'8 : 32^*4. j8 1048. v h 28 m -6, S. i 39' : 6*2, 107 : 358'2 : 2"'2. 27 735. v h 29 m -o, S. 6 33' : 8-5, 9 : 355'2 : 3o"'9- ft '01 : 35i'9 : 41^6, from p.m. S 734. v h 29 m -i, S. i 46' : 7, 8-6 : 356'4 : i"'8 ; comes, 8'6 : 243'! : 29""3, doubled by ft, 87, 97 : 296*! : o"'8. Z 743- v h 30 m '6, S. 4 26' : 6-9, 8 : 277'8 : i"'8. A (27 738). v h 3 o m 7, N. 9 53' : 5, 6 : (440-3) : 4 "'2 : ysh, purple. Comes, 12, ft, 183-! : 28"7 : seen 5j-in. Glimpsed, Wa., 2|-in. achr. Whole region very fine. 027 in. v h 30 m '8, N. 10 n' : 6, io'2 : 35i'8 : 3". 2:747. v h 3i m 'i, S. 6 3': 5-6, 6-5 : 223'! : 36": ysh., ashy. Wa., comes, i4,/5'6. 22 8 p is 27 745 : 8'5, 87 : 346'5 : 28"'6. In group of i. 42 (Dawes 4). v h 3i m '4, S. 4 53' : 5, 9 : 220'! : 2 /x . 1(27752). v h 31-5, S. 5 5/1 3'2, 7-3: i42'2: 11^3: y.w., blsh. Sm., comes, n : I02'8 : 48 //> 9. Field very fine. A glow with 5^-in. around this group, which E. of Kosse finds to occupy a singular dark opening, encompassed with neb. matter. Wa., minute pair between two brighter stars n in field a test. 27 750. v h 31-5, S. 4 25' : 6, 8 : 5 9 '2 : 4 // ' 3 : w, ash. 45 (Hn. -). v" 3 i m 7> S. 4 54' : 6J, 127, 15 : I7O'2, 34-4 : 19-8, 19^1. 27 75 i. v h 31-7, S. i 3' : 8, 87 : I23'9 : 15^5 ' w. W., bl., '83, in field with e. Triplet. v h 32 m 7, N. o 15' : 975, 10, 10-25. Webb. -27757- yb 34 m '> S. o 13': 8, 8-2: 239'8 : 1*7; /is ^ 758 : 8-5, 9 : 297^7 : n*'i : v.w. '31. De., 9 azure, certain, '57. Fr., blsh., '77. Star 8 m 8 . p. 190 THE STARRY HEAVENS. Pretty group n, a little / , pale green, which H. saw in large faint neb. a (27762). v h 34 m 7, S. 2 38' : 4-1, 10-3 : 7-5, 7 : 236'5, 84'5 : n", I2"'9 ; 7-5 and 7 : 23O'8 : 30'' : w., 3 ash. 4-1 y., '51 ; 7-5 ruddy, '69 ; bl., '83, 9J-in. spec. De., 3*9, 9*5, 6*8, 6*3. Spec. Bin. short per. Comes sp, escaped some of the first observers, very plain now. /? doubles 4*1, 6 : 357 : o"'3, '91. A., '07 : 3i8'6. Beautiful little triangle np, 2 761 : 7-9, 8-2, 87 : 20i'6 : 68"'i ; 8'2, 87 : 267 '8 : 8" '3 : all w. ; a smaller comes, and 2 minute stars between the groups. Wa., sees all 2|-in., and notes minute pair n of 4*1. ^763. v h 34 m '9, N. 10 14': 8-2, 8-8: 320'!: 5"'8 : ysh., yw. (2 774). v h 36-7, S. i 58' : 2, 57 ' I53'3 : 2"3 : w. 57 singularly missed by H., and found by Kunowsky, seems of some nondescript hue, about which observers do not agree. 27 calls it f olivacea subrubicunda ' ! 3rd star, 9, /3, 9'3 : 57"' 2 - 27 790. v h 42 m 'i, S. 4 18' : 7, 9-3 : 89'! : 6"'8 : rsh. y., bl. 2:792. v b 42 m '8, S. 3 17' : 8-2,87: i33'9: 24"'9 : ysh. Very pretty. 52 (27795). v h 43 m 7, N. 6 26' : 6*2, 6'2 : 20O'i : 1*7. Ysh., pale ysh. Bowyer, '12 : 2o8'5. In contact, 80, neatly split, 144 : excellent test, readily found, about 2 sp a. Minute comes n, a little/, 9 J-in. spec. 2 798. v h 44 m '3, S. 8 24' : 7*2, 9*2 : i8i'4 : 20 /7 7. E 809. v h 46 m '6, S. i2/ : 77, 8'8 : ioi'2 : 25*7 : y., ash. j8 adds io'3 to 77 : io6'o : i x/ '2. 278i3. v h 48 m '5, N. 18 56' : 8, 8 : 148-! : 3^2. 027123. v h 49 m 7,N.ioi4 / : 7,87: 175 -9 : 2 /7 '4 : y., ash. Greenw., '12 : I79'8 : i"'g. ORION. 191 2:816. v h 5o m '6, N. 5 51' : 6'2, 87 : 289'3 : 4^2. 27820. v h 5i""3, N. 8 59' : 8*3, 8'8 : no- 3 : 4"'?. 823. v h 53 m< 9> S. 7 39' : 8-5, 9-2 : 3 39'3 : 7"'5- 02 125. v h 54 m> 9, N. 22 28' : 7, 8-5 : 257^2 : 1^5. Red. 27 826. v h 54 m '8, S. i 20' : 8'2, 9-2 : H5'5 : i"'8. Bowyer, '12 : 122'!. IL (ft 1056). v h 58 m 'o, N. 9 39' : 4, 14 : 272 : i6"'8. 27 835. vi h o m '3, N. 18 19' : 8, 9 : I46'6 : 2"'2 : y w., ash. 27840. vi h 2 m 'o, N. 10 46' : 8-5,87: i83'5: o'-g. A., '03 : i7i'i. A 6'2 : 247'2 : 2i // 'i. 27853. vi h 4-7, N. 11 41': 7-8, 8-3: 340'!: 2 4 // 'i. Doo., '98 : 352'6 : 28 //< 5. p.m. 27855. vi h 4 m -8, N. 2 31': 5'8, 6'8 : H3'2 : 2 9 // ' 3 . Third star makes a beautiful group. Fr., 8'o, '83 ; io-o, 'ii ; 8-8, '15. 27859. vi h 5-3, N. 5 41' : 8, 8-5 : 249 : 31^4. ft '04 : 246'8 : 36"'8. p.m. 27 867. vi h 7 m -o, N. 17 24' : 7, 8-5 : i56- 3 : 2^2. A.C. 3. vi h 7 m -8, S. 4 39' : 6-5, 9 : I74'8 : i". 27 877. vi h io m 'i, N. 14 37' : 7-2, 77 : 26 3 - 3 : 5 "- 3 . 2788o. vi h n m -o, N. 10 36' : 8, 8 : 53'4 : 5^-4. 278 9 5 rej. vi h i6 m '5, N. 5 4 / : 8-9, n : ft 58'5 : 2 8 // ' 9 . h. ' full ruby red, fine green by contrast.' Blsh., '78, so Fr., '79. STARS WITH EEMARKABLE SPECTRA, AND VARIABLES. a, 8, 31. See under Double Stars. o\ iv h 48 m '2, N. 14 / : 5 : III : Se. R (var.). iv h 5 4 m '6, N. 8 i' : 87-13-5 : 378*5 : Hind. Es.-Birm. in. iv h 57 m> 5, N. 6 32' : 9*2: III: Pickering. W (var.). v" i m -2, N. i 3' : 6 : IV : Se. Var. Es. V (var.). v h i m> 9, N. 4 o' : 8'4 3, N. 7 9' : 9-4 : pale R. : W. U (var.). v b 5i m -i, N. 20 10' : 5'5-i2'5 : 375* : Gore. Star. vi h o m '3, S. 6 41' : 6 : Hy. : Har. Es.-Birm. 181. vi h I5 m '5, N. 14 41' : 5-8 : OR. : B. III. CLUSTERS AND NEBULA. Group with three pairs, i p TT Z , rv h 47, N. 8 46'. Pretty field, with p, v h 20 m '6, N. i 47'. 1976 (M. 42). v h 3i m -o, S. 5 26'. The Great Neb., one of the most wonderful objects in the heavens ; readily visible to the naked eye, yet strangely missed, as Humboldt says, by Galileo, who paid great attention to Orion. Cysatus compared it telescopically with the comet of 1618. The telescope shows an irregular branching mass of greenish haze, in some directions moderately well defined where the dark sky penetrates it in deep openings : in others melting imperceptibly away over such an extent that Se., by moving his telescope rapidly to gain full con- trast, has traced it in singular convolutions, and with a considerable break near cr through 5j of Dec!., and 4 of RA. from to 49, and probably H. V 38 a prodigious diffusion. . Bond II also found it encompassed by a distant nebulous loop ; and in various parts detected about 20 curved wreaths, indicating somewhat of a spiral structure, Its real nature was long a profound mystery. It resisted H.'s 4O-ft. refl., in which it was one of the first objects ORION. 193 viewed, and, together with the Andromeda, suggested to him the widely discussed Nebula Hypothesis, which would see here an unformed fiery mist, the chaotic material of future suns. h. found but the aspect of ' a curdling liquid, or a surface strewed over with flocks of wool, or the breaking up of a mackerel sky.' The E. of Rosse, with his 3-ft. refl., La., with his 2-ft. spec, in the Maltese sky, could advance no further ; it was long believed that the 6-ft. mirror of the E. of Rosse had lifted the veil, and distinguished in some places its starry composition ; Bond, too, arrived at the same conclusion ; and Se. with smaller, but very perfect means, thought he could detect the glittering ' star dust.' Yet, though this would imply a permanent form, there were strange discrepancies in the drawings of the best hands, h., in England, the same observer at the Cape of Good Hope, Bond, La., Liapounov with a Qj-in. achr. at Kazan, 027, at Poulkova, all differ in various ways ; the latter even believed that the brightness of the central part was in a state of continual variation ; and the subsequently published labours of Rosse, La., and Se., are far from correspondent in detail. 1 All this is strange ; and the spectrum analysis of Huggins has only added to the wonder by exhibiting it as a mass of incandescent gases. 2 In the densest part, 1 The photographic plate will in time show whether any part is variable. With lenses of short focus the nebula seems on the plates to extend over the greater part of the constellation. 8 Here and hi H. IV 18, Androm., he sees a 4th line, and in the photo spectrum there are many others. Several nebulae show but one, probably through their faintness. The words of Seneca, aptly quoted by Humboldt, are applicable to these mysterious objects : * Rerum natura sacra sua non simul tradit. Initiates nos credimus ; in vesti- bulo ejus hseremus. Ilia arcana non promiscue nee omnibus patent, reducta et in interiore sacrario clausa sunt : ex quibus aliud hsec aetas, aliud quae post nos subibit, dispiciet. Tarde magna proveniunt.' VOL. II. O 194 THE STARRY HEAVENS. four stars, 6, 7, 7*5, 8 m g ., form a trapezium known as 9 Orionis. Sm. gives their colours pale w., faint lilac, garnet, reddish. j8 and Gore have seen them with ij-in. 2., in 1826, discovered a fifth star, which is believed to have become visible only of late years ; perhaps it may be bright- ening, as it has been seen with 3^- in., and, it has been said, even with 2|-in. Bond's 15-in. achr. has shown it in full daylight. E. of Rosse sees it very red. h. added a 6th still smaller near the brightest star, 1830, Feb. 13, with South's nf -in. achr. Both have been thought var. j8 has seen both with 3-in. ; T. T. Smith with 3 in. of silvered mirror. Two or three other most minute points have occasionally been detected. A. G. Clark, however, added a 7th within the trapezium, with the 36-in. achr., at the Lick Observatory, and Barnard has caught another, and has found a minute and difficult pair just outside. j8 gives the following positions for the stars. A B, 3 2-3 : 8" 7 . A C, I 3 i '3 : i2*-g. D C, 240^6 : I3"'3. A E (2 star), 35i'5 : 4^3. C F (h.'s star), I2O'9 : 4". D G (Clark's star), 27O'5 : f'Q. Barnard's star could not be measured, but his star, A H, 178 '4 : 7"'9, which is double, 16, i6'5 : 274 : i"'3, of which j3 says, ' It is infinitely more difficult than any double star I have ever attempted to see or measure.' OH thinks that several involved stars are subject to change, 1 and remarks that ' the existence of so many variable stars on such a small space in the central part of the most curious nebula in the heavens must of course induce us to suppose these phenomena intimately connected with the mysterious nature of that body.' A considerable aperture will show how beautifully one large star, nearly opposite the great dark opening, is 1 Over 100 have been found var. in this region by Leavett and Wolf by means of photography. ORION. 195 encompassed by a spiral mass of haze. Clear weather must of course be chosen, and the lowest power which will bring out the trapezium is most likely to give a satisfactory contrast with the exterior darkness. 1981 (h. 362). v h 3i m> 6, S. 4 24'. Brilliant field, con- taining 2 750 and S 743, supra. A grand neighbourhood ; sweep well over the whole space, from 42 to i, which star large apertures involve in haze, connected by a long faint loop with the Great Nebula. 2022 (H. IV 34). v h 37 m 7, N. 9 2'. Small, distinct, faint, blsh., plan. Gaseous. 2024 (H. V 28). v b 37 m -8, S. i 54'. Faint, but exten- sive neb. immediately f ; D'A., 4 large patches. 2 with 9J-in. spec. Gaseous. 2068 (M. 78). v h 42 m '6, N. o 2'. Singular ' wispy ' neb., easily found by sweeping i4 m /S, 20' n. Best defined n, E. of Rosse spiral ? D'A., 6' or 7', enclosing pair, )3, 9*5, 9'5 : 20i*8 : 50 // 7 < Sm., 8'5, 9 : stars much smaller, '50, '56, '64. D'A., 9, 10, '55 ; 10, 10, '64. Fr., n, 12, '79. ]8, n star double, 9, 11-5 : 85'3 : i". h., 3rd star. D'A., var. 12-14 ? 4 m p, 3' s is 2 782 : 7'8, 8*3 : 309'4 : 36"'2 : w. Lick photo not spiral, but with two other neb. masses in field. 2169 (H. VIII 24). vi h 4 m '3, N. 13 58'. Triangular cl., containing Z 848 : 7-5, 8 -5 : 2"'4 : lucid w., i s of v. ' These gatherings, occurring indifferently upon the Via Lactea and off it, awaken still more our admiration of the stupendous richness of the Universe, in every department of which there appears such a profusion of creation, if we may so express ourselves of the works of the ALMIGHTY, in which our utmost ken has yet never detected any redundancy much less anything made in vain ' (Sm.). 196 THE STARRY HEAVENS. PEGASUS. A constellation easily recognized by the great square which three of its principal stars form with that in the head of Andromeda. DOUBLE STARS. 2:3061. o h i m '6, N. 17 23' : 8, 8 : I48'4 : 7"-6. 14' n is ^3060 : 8-5, 8-5 : no'5 : 3^-9. Ph., '14 : 122 -3. 67. o h 47 m '9, N. 10 10' : 8-3,9: 13: i"'6. Bowyer, '12 : o"'8. 2:2767. xxi h 6 m -8, N. 19 38' : 7-8, 8-2 : 30'6 : 2^5. 1 (Z II ii). xxi b i8 m '4, N. 19 28' : 4-5, 8'6 : 3ii'2 : 36"'2 : v.y., o. Or., bl. '49. 4'5, var. ? c.p.m. P. Sm., comes, 14-5 : 22'6 : 8o"7. 2:2797. xxih 22m ' 8 > N - 13 2 ' : 6 '7> 8 ' 2: ( 2 i7'i): 3"' 2 : v.w., ash. Z 2799. xxi h 25 m '6, N. 10 44' : 6'6, 6'6 : 322'9 : i /7 '4 : ysh. Greenw., '11 : 29i'2. Beautiful. 2 2804. xxi h 29 m '3, N. 20 21' : 7-3, 8 : 3i6 0> 9 : 2 // '9. ft '05 : 2357. Very beautiful. 3 (S I 56). xxi h 33 m 7, N. 6 i6 7 : 6, 7-4 : 349- 4 : 39^1 : w. W., pale bl., '50. P. Sm. thinks col. of 7-4 var. De., 5-5, 6'8. A pretty pair in field ; 02: 443 : 8, 8-3 (De., 8-9, 9-2) : 3 49'3 : 7*'9- 02: 445. xxi h 35 m> 6, N. 20 22' : 8, 8-5 : ii3-i : o 7/ -8. e. xxi h 4 o m '2, N. 9 31' : 2*5, ft ii'5, 8'8 : 3 2 5 >2 5 32i'4 : 81^4, 140^-3. Pale y., o, bl., '47. This object, when near the meridian, will exhibit a phenomenon, noticed by h. the pendulum-like oscillation of a small star in the same vertical with a large one, when the telescope is swung from side to side. This, he thinks, is due to the longer time PEGASUS. 197 required for a fainter light to affect the retina, so that the reversal of motion is first perceived in the brighter object. I have seen this strikingly in 8 and Orion., and 8 Here. K (2:2824). xxi h 4i m -o, N. 25 17' : 3'9> io'8 : 3o8'5 : n" : ysh., o. Lewis, 297^4 : i2 // *8. De., comes var. ? J3 divided 3-9 : 4*8, 5*3 : rapid Bin. Per., 11-5 years. Dist. never exceeds o"'2. 3*9 spect. Bin. Per., 6 d . A remarkable system. 2:2828. xxi h 45 m> 5, N. 3 i' : 8, 9 : I42'5 : 23*'8. j8, '04 : 27 // -6. Comes to 9, 9*2 : 37 : 3*'6. j3, comes 14: 75'5: io*'3. 2:2829. xxi b 45 m '9, N. 30 23' : 8-2,8-9: i5'6 : 17^1. 2 2841. xxi b 5o m '5, N. 19 20' : 6-5, 8 : 111 : 22"'2. v.y., bl. 02:452. xxi h 5i m 7, N. 6 52' : 77,8-8: 179-! : i"'2. 2:2848. xxi h 54 m -o, N. 5 33' : r^'T5 - 54'9 : IO//> 4 : w., ysh. or red. ' Colores indubii,' '29. D., v.w., '41. De., w., '63, '70. Fr., as E '76. Vogel, both y.w. '80. 2:2854. xxn h o m '5, N. 13 16" : 7-7, 8 : 83'! : 3 // 'i. 2:2857. xxn h 2 m -2, N. 9 43': 7,87: ii3'8 : 19^5: w., ash. 2:2861. xxn h 2 m '2, N. 20 25' : 77,8-2: 2i9'9: f"L. 2:2868. xxn b 5 m -6, N. 22 9' : 8-3, 8'8 : 5'i : 1^1. 7T 1 . xxn h 5 m '7, N. 32 4f: 5 : forms a grand pair with 7T 2 , 4 m g ., both y. Sm., 2 dist. comites, j8, 3rd fainter. Es., pair, 12' n : 10, I0'2 : 26i'5 : 1^*6. 2:2867. xxn h 6 m -i, N. 7 34' : 7-9, 9 : 208'! : io /7 -5 : ysh., blsh. 2:2869. xxn^^N.^ !^: 5-8,11-8: 2537: (2i // '3) : v.y., o. E 2877. xxn h io m -5, N. 16 48' : 6-4, 9*6 : 3i6-4 : 7 // '6 : y., bl. j8, '03 : 2'4 : n ff 'g. p.m. 198 THE STARRY HEAVENS. S 2878. xxn h io m '5, N. 7 35' : 6-5, 8 : i30'8 : 1^4. Hu., '02 : I26*4. Wa., faint star np. H288i. xxn h io m> 9, N. 29 n' : 77, 8'2 : iii '4 : i"'8 : ysh.j blsh., w. Greenw., '12 : g6'2. 30 (h. 962). xxn h i6 m '4, N. 5 23': ft 6, ir8, 12-3: 207, 222'8 : 6"'3, io"'i. ft '03 : n"'6. 32 (Ho. 615). xxn h I7 m '6, N. 27 56' : 5 : has double comes : 9-3, ii : i8'3 : 2^4. 33 (27 2900). xxn h i9 m> 8, N. 20 27' : 6, 9-2 : i8o7 : 2"' 5 : y., o. Bowyer, '12 : I73'5. Dist. 7*9, being left behind. Fr., '14 : 32i'4 : 69"'3. ^2901. xxn h 20 m> 4, N. 3 25' : 8-5,9-1: 147-!: 2 // '8. 34 (J8 290). xxn h 22 m '5, N. 3 59' : 5-8, 117 : 2i87 : 2""?. ^2905. xxn h 2 3 m - 3 , N. 14 44' : 8-5, 8-5 : 28 3 '8 : 3^3. 2:2908. xxn h 24 m '3, N. 16 51' : 7, 8-7 : ii6'3 : 8^9 . 2:2910. xxn h 24 m '4, N. 23 /: 8-3, 8-8: 347 '2 : 5^-3. Bowyer, '03 : 339'!. 37 (2:2912). xxn h 25 m '9, N. 4 i' : 5-8, 7-2 : II2'6 : i /A 2 : '31. Bin. with orbit in line of sight, now widen- ing. Per., about 100 yrs. Bryant, 'n : 112 '3 : 0-3. 2:2915. xxn h 28 m> 6, N. 7 o' : 8-5, 8-7 : 169 : i2 //< 3. Fr., '14: I48'4: I2 /X 7. 2:2920. xxn h 30 m '5, N. 3 48' : 7-1, 8'2 : 144 : i3 // '6. Ho. 296. xxii h 36 ffi '9,N.i4 /: 5-5,5-5: Doo.,64'5: 0^3. 2:3134. xxn h 37 m> o, N. 29 34' : 9, 9-3 : 7 6 ' 2 : 6"' 1 - 2:2934. xxn h 38 m -o, N. 21 o': 8'2, 9-2: i87'8 : 1^-2. Bowyer, '12 : I26'8 : 0^8. 7j (H.h. 775). xxn h 39 m< 2, N. 29 48' : 3, has like e, a blsh. 10 m g . comes, but the large star is pale y. Schm. thinks its tint var., more or less red in different years. Spect. Bin. j8 doubles comes : io'i : PEGASUS. 199 5 (h. 301). xxn h 42*7, N. 11 46' : De., 4, 12 : iif'j : I2"'2, '66. ft '99 : I09*6. Ticehurst points out pretty pair, 21' w, io m /, ^2958 : 7*2, 9-5 : 6'8 : 3"'9 : nearest of wide double in finder. 2:2945. xxn h 45 m - 9 , N. 30 54' : 8-5, 8-5 : 292'6 : 3"'9- 2^2952 (rej.). xxn h 50^4, N. 27 36': 7-5, 10 : w., bl. ft i37*o : i7"'i. 27 2954. xxn h 5o m> 8, N. 14 46' : 9, 9 : 28'6 : 36*7. 52(027483). xxii h 55 m> 2, N. 11 18': 6'2, 77: 196-!: i"'2 : w., r. Bowyer, '12 : 233 -3 : o"'$. 27 2974. xxm h i m -2, N. 32 57' : 8, 8 : 159^7 : 2"'8. 272978. xxm h 3 m '6, N. 32 24': 6-8, 8: 146 '2 : 8"'4 : w., blsh. Several little pairs similar to each other lie dispersed in this region. 57(2:2982). xxm h 5 m> 5, N. 8 15': 5-9, io'2 : 198-!: 32 // '6 : gold, o. Ill type spectrum. h. 3176. xxm h 8 m '9, N. 12 / : 9, 9 : j8, i64'6 : 26 // '8. 272990. xxm h 9 m '3, N. 21 39': 8-5, 8-5: 69'!: 1^6. . Bowyer, '12 : 244 '3 : 1*7. 272991 (rej.). xxm h 9 m '4, N. 10 38' : 6, 10 : y., bl. Miller, 3587 : 33^7- 27 2997. xxm h I3 m '0, N. 20 58' : 8-5, 9 : 223-! : 24 //< 4. 273000. xxm h i4 m -8, N. 24 46' : 87, 8'8 : 52'3 : 3 /7 '2. 027494. xxm h i6 m> 8, N. 21 31' : 7-4, 8'i : 83'6 : 3 // '3. 273006. xxm h I7 m< 3, N. 35 o' : 8-5, 9: i82'8 : 4 //< 6. ft '05 : i66'8 : 5^-4. r.m. 64 08 718). xxm h i8 m -o, N. 31 22" : 5i, 7i J 86 '9 : o"'5- 273007. xxm h i8 m -8, N. 20 / : 6-5,9-5: 79 '2 : 5^7. 27 3013. xxm h 23 m '6, N. 16 n' : 7-8, 9*3 : 270 : 2 /7 '6. At 52" is 27 3012 : 87, 8'8 : i90'8 : 2"'6. 027497. xxm h 26 m '9, N. 9 2' : 7-9,8-6: 213-! : i"'3. 273021. xxm h 27 m '4, N. 15 46' : 77, 8-9 : 3o8'9 : 8"'3 : w., ashy. 200 THE STARRY HEAVENS. 72 08720). xxm h 3o m -o, N. 30 53': 6, 6: i277: 0^4: '78. Furner, '08 : 177 : 0^5. 02:503. xxm b 38 m -o, N. 19 51' : 7-2, 7-8 : 132'6 : i"'8. 78 (A.G.C. 14). xxm h 40 m -o, N. 28 55' : 0, 5, 8-1 : 197 : If'* 273041. xxm h 43 m -8, N. 16 38': 8-1, 8-2: 183 -4 : 3"'3. A 7*3 : 347'6 : 71^1. Hu., '02 : 35o'8 : 64*-$. 2^3044. xxm h 48 m< 9, N. 11 29' : 6-9, 7-3 : 282'! : i8"-6. v.w. Fr., '14 : I9"'2 : ysh., blsh. W., pale bl., '50-1, not quite alike, '56. 27 found the cliff, of m gs . vary a whole m g . The period of this change should be investigated. De., 6*3, 7. 8 5 (0733). xxm h 57 m '9, N. 26 40': 6, 11-2 : 274 : 0*7. Bin., 257 yrs. Greatest dist. at 155, 1917!. A 9 m g . ('05 : 339*2 : 4i"'5) is being rapidly left behind from large p.m. of 85, i"'3 annually. STARS WITH REMARKABLE SPECTRA, AND VARIABLES. 2. xxi h 26 m '3, N. 23 if : 4-5 : OR. : III : D'A. 7. xxi h 38 m -2, N. 5 19' : 5-8 : Ry. : III : Vogel. Star. xxi h 47 m< 2, N. 12 15' : 77 : Hy. : Fleming. RX (var.). xxi h 52 m '6, N. 22 30' : 8-1 : IV : Fleming. Es.-Birm. 721. xxi h 56 m> i, N. 23 33' : 27 2850 (7-2, 11*2 : 263'3 : 2"-8) : Rsh. gold. III. Es. V (var.). xxi h 57 m -o, N. 5 44': 8'2 5, N. 4 44' : 7-8 : R. : Lament. Ill : Es. 31. xxn h I7 m> 6, N. 11 48' : 4-9 : Hy. : Fleming. (var.). xxn h 59 m< 9, N. 27 39' : 2*2-27 : Schm. III. R (var.). xxm h 2 m '6, N. 10 7' : 7'5~i3'2 : 377 d< 5 : Hind. PERSEUS. 201 55. xxm h 3 m 'o, N. 8 58' : 5*2 : III : Se. W (var.). xxm h I5 m 7, N. 25 50' : 7'5-i3'5 : 34i d : An ' derson. S (var.). xxm h i6 m '5, N. 8 29' : 7-8-12-9 : 317^5 : Marth. 71. xxm h 29 m '5, N. 22 6' : 6 : Rsh. : III : D'A. 77. xxin h 39 m '3, N. 9 53' : 5 : R. : B. Ill : D'A. CLUSTER AND GROUP. 7078 (M. 15). xxi h 26 m 'i, N. 11 49'. Bright and re- solvable (h. 15 m 8 .), blazing in centre ; a glorious object with 9J-in. ' With ' mirror. Very fine specimen of a completely insulated cl., discovered by Miraldi, 1745. Buffham, with g-in. spec, finds a dark patch near the middle, with 2 faint dark ' lanes ' or rifts, like those in M. 13, unnoticed by h. or D'A. 51 vars. have been found in this cluster. Bright group. xxi h 56 m '5, N. 7 14'. PERSEUS. Here again we enter upon one of the most splendid portions of the Galaxy. Night after night the telescope might be employed in sweeping over its magnificent crowds of stars, among which many beautiful pairs, with the aspect of connection, would be found. This constellation includes the most conspicuous of, at least, the regularly variable stars, /3, or Algol (ni h 3 m< o, N. 40 39'), which changes in 2 d '867, the increase and decrease together occupying not more than 7 h , the minimum only i8 m ; so that it usually appears 2 m 8 . Pickering has shown theoretically that the variation is due to a dark companion, and Vogel has found 202 THE STARRY HEAVENS. displacement in the lines of the spectrum showing the revolu- tion of a dark and bright star round their common centre of gravity. Schr. discovered, 1787, a comes, sometimes in- visible. )3, 192 *5 : 8i"'9, who adds a faint comes to this : 10 . 12 '5 : 1 14 '6 : io"'5, and finds two fainter and closer comites to Algol at I55'3, I44'6 : 58 // 7, 67 // 7 < DOUBLE STARS. 2:213. n b 3 m '9, N. 50 42': 8-5, 9: 320: i"'9. ft comes, 12 '5 : 6i'2 : 7". 5 (j3 874). n h 5 m - 9 , N. 57 16' : 6' 3 , 12-5 : 2 7 i- 3 : 5"'3. 2:235. n h ii m '6, N. 55 32' : 8-5, 9 : 43'4 : 1*7. 2 249. n b i6 m '5, N. 44 14' : 7, 9 : 194^7 : 2"'$ : v.w., ash. 9 (]8 874). n h i6 m -8, N. 55 29' : 5-5, 12-3 : i6i'4 : n"7- Star (p -). n h i8 m - 3 , N. 50 o' : 6*4, 14-5 : I2i'9 : 8"' 3 . E 260. n h 20 m '9, N. 53 55 7 : 8'2, 87 : 348'! : 6 /x '6. Z 268. n h 23 m 7, N. 55 n' : 6-9, 8'2 : 129-! : 2*7 : w., bl. ^272. n h 27 m '2, N. 58 5 X : 8-2,8-2: 42'3: i""j. Storey, '09: 37. Z 279. n h 30 m 7, N. 36 52' : 6, ii : 7i'2 : i6"'9 : gold, o. j8 521. n h 36 m '6, N. 47 55' : 6*2, ir2 : I5 4 '5 : 5 /r> 6. 02:44. ii b 37 m>1 5 N - 42 21': 7-8, 8-5: 58-6: 1^5: blsh. nfis h. 2155 : De., 7*6, 10 : 32i"2 : i7 //> 2. Espin 8. n h 37 m '3, N. 53 n' : 5, 14 : 42'6 : I2 /A 8. 12. n h 37 m '5, N. 39 54' : 6, y., has two pairs in large fields, one E 292 : 7-5 8'2 : 2io7 : 23 //> i. Other wider. 0(2: 296). n h 38 m 7, N. 48 53': 4-2, 10 : 294 '6 : 15^-4: y., o. Fr., '16 : 302-! : 18". 02:., 3rd star : 9-6 : Fr., '16 : 227'8 : 75 // '4, being rapidly left behind. PERSEUS. 203 2:297. nh 39 m 7> N - 56 13': 8, 8-3: 276-6: 15^6. ft, comes, io*6 : io6'i : 28"'$. 2 301. n h 4i m '9, N. 53 36' : 7-3, 8*3 : i6'6 : 8"'2 ; ysh., blsh. )8 9. n h 42 m 'i, N. 35 13' : De., 6-3, 8-4 : i67'5 : 2". 7? (2:307). n h 44 m -8, N. 55 34' : 4, 8-5 : 3 oo'4 : 28" : v.y., v. bl. Barlow, jS, Wa., 5 faint comites ; Wa., j8, one double : 114 : 5^3. 2:314. n h 47 m -i, N. 52 40' : 6-9, 7-1 : 295'4 : i"'5. ft, 'oo : 303'3 : 1^5. 2:316. n h 47 m -i, N. 36 58' : 8-5,87: i 34 -3: is'-g. 02:48. n h 47 m '9, N. 48 15' : 6-4, 10-5 : 3i6'9 : 6 /7 -8. 20 (2: 3 i8). n h 4 8 m -6, N. 38 i' : 5-5, 10 : 2 3 6'8 : 14^-1 : y.w., o. * Neat test object ' (Sm.) which 3^-in. showed readily, and Gore saw readily with 3-in. De., 5-2, 9-2. j8 divided 5-5 : 6, 7 : I587 : o"'2, '78. Bin. Per., 33-3 yrs. Bryant, 'n : 316 7 : o"'2. Probably never wider than o"'52. S 331- n h 5 4 m -i, N. 52 3' : 5'3, 67 : 85 : i2 /x -2 ; w., blsh. Visible to naked eye, forming triangle with y and T. 2:336. n h 56 m '6, N. 32 6' : 6-5, 8 : 8'6 : 8 x/ '2 : y. bl. K (Espin). m h 4 m 'i, N. 44 33' : 4, 13-5 : 333'9 2i // '8. 2:360. m h 7 m -i, N. 36 55': 7-8,8: 146 -4 : 1^3: ysh. Greenw., 'n : I32'5. 02:51. m h 7 m '5, N. 43 59' : 7-9,8-1: 300: i'^. 2:364. m h 8 m - 4 , N. 38 51' : 8-5, 8-5 : 3 io'5 : n"- 4 . Espin n. m h 9 m -6, N. 56 51' : 5*5, 137 : 6 57 : ^'S. Hu. 544. m h io m 7, N. 50 40' : 6-5, 8-8 : 977 : o"'6. 2:369. m h n m -9, N. 40 ii 7 : 6-5, 7*8 : 28'8 : 3"'$ : yw., blsh. w. E 382. m h I9 m '5, N. 33 16' : 7, 10-5 : I54'5 : 3"'6 : y., o. 7var. ? De., 5, 6, 7, 7-5. ft, 6. 2 388. m h 22 m '9 5 N. 50 10' : 8-2, 9-2 : 210 : 2"'g. 204 THE STARE Y HEAVENS. O2755. m h 23 m '8, N. 46 39': 6-2, ii : 292'!: 26"-i. A., comes double : 10*8, 13*8 : 235*8 : 3"*5. 2:391. m h 23 m 7> N. 44 47': 7-3, 8 : 94 '8 : 3 "'8 : w., purpsh. 34 08 1179). m b 23 m '9, N. 49 15' : 5-9, ir6 : i63*4 : 0*7. 2:413. m h 30"% N. 33 25' : 8-5, 8-5 : i 3 o- 3 : 2 "'5. j8 533- ni h 30 m '6, N. 31 25' : 7, 7 : I49'3 : 0^4. Furner, 'ii : 46'9. 02:59. m h 35 m -i,N.4546': 7'5, 7* : 349 '5 : 2^4: rsh. 2:425. m h 35 m 'i, N. 33 52': 7-3, 7-3: io4'6: 2^9. Ph., 89'2 : 2"'4 : '14. 2:426. m h 35 m '6, N. 38 52' : 7, 8-5 : 340'6 : i9 // 7. j3, comes to 8'5, 13*5 : 37'2 : I2"'6. 40 (2:431). m h 37 m -3, N. 33 43' : 4-2, 9-5 : 237'2 : 20". ft 1182. m h 38% N. 48 16' : 6-4, 14-2, 13-5 : 26i'2, 2 4 2-6: 4-4, 19-3. S 434- ni h 3 8 m 7, N. 38 8 7 : 7, 7-8 : 88'2 : 28^3 : gold, blah, ft '03 : 857 : 30^6. p.m. o03535). ni h 39-3, N. 32 2': 4, 8'5 : 6o'5 : i". Bowyer, '12 : 42 : 0^7. S 439. m h 39 m '5, N. 31 55' : 8, 9-2 : 38'! : 23" : ysh., o. )8 divides 8 : 8-4, 8-4 : 3547 : 0^5. v Persei (Espin). m h 39 m 7, N. 42 20' : 4, 12 : 46'6 : 3i //- 4. j8 1183. m h 4o m '4, N. 45 26' : 6-3, 147 : i39'9 : 6 7/ -5. 2 443. m h 4i m '5 J N. 41 15' : 8'2, 8'8 : 44'3 : 9^1. 02: 63. m h 42 m '5, N. 50 29' : 6-3, 11-5 : 270'2 : 6"'Q. S 447. m h 4 2 m 7, N. 38 6' : 7-8, 9 : I78'3 : 26"'5 : y., o. ft '03 : i68- 3 : 28". 2:446. m h 4 3 m '4, N. 52 25' : 7. 9'2 : 2527 : 8// '5- Es., comes 12*5 : 38'9 : i2 //> 2, and pair, 66" away, at 336 : 10-5, 10-9 : 232'5 : 2 /7 '6. In cl. J (2:464). m h 49 m 'i, N. 31 39' : 27, 9-3 : 207^6 : 12^5. grnsh. w., ash. 3 comites (j3, in, 9^3, 10 : 286'6, PERSEUS. 205 198, 185-! : 32"'6, 89"-!, ii9"'5), which seemed to me to increase their size with distance, '50 ; 9-3, however, might have been overpowered by 27. So Hunt, '61. H. appears to have found but 3 ; is one var. ? in quite obvious, gj-in. ; Wa. and Sa., several others within 2'. e (2 471). m h 52 m '5, N. 39 47': 3-1, 8' 3 : 9 '2 : 8"'8 : grn., blsh. w. W., bl., '50. 8*3 very small, '49, several times, once with Bishop's 7-in. achr. ; so my 5i-in, '63 and Sa., '74. De., 9*8, 7*5. Fr, not small, '77. 0^69. m h 54^7, N. 38 36' : 6-4,9-1: 3277: i"'6. 27 47 6. m h 56 m -2, N. 38 27' : 7-5, 87 : 28 3 '8 : i 7 "-6 : y., bl. Fr, '15 : 2877 : 2i"'6. S 477- ni b 56-6, N. 41 38' : 8-3, 9-3 : 2i3'4 : 3"- 02:531. iv h 2 m -2, N. 37 52' : 6-5, 8-2 : i47' 9 : 3"'3 : y., r., '55. Eddington, 'n : I27'2 : 1*7. 50, 12' dist. has same p.m. Wide pair. iv h 2 m 7, N. 42 59' : 6-5, 6-5 : 285'6 : 16/7. Ho. 327. iv h 4 m '3, N. 31 27' : 6*3, 12 : 32i7 : i6 /x -3. S 500. iv 11 6 m 'i, N. 40 3' : 8-5, 9-5 : 79 : 3"x). fi (02:73). iv h 9 m -o, N. 48 12' : 4-5, 12 : 349'2 : I5"'i. S 512. iv h io m -o, N. 45 12' : 8-3, 8-3 : 225'9 : 5 /7 '2. 02:2:44. iv h n m -6, N. 46 i 7 : 6-2, 7-2 : 32i'8 : 58^4. 02:2:47. iv h i4 m -2, N. 50 4' : De, 6-5, 7-2: 327 -4 : 74"-6 : gold red, w. Es, '13 : 72 7/< 6 ; comes to 6'5, 14 : 326'3 : 26 // 'i ; comes to 7-2, io'5 : 257'8 : 22 //> 8. 8' n, a little/, is a fine pair, 2:519 rej. Es, 7^5, 9 : 3467 : 18'' : or, bl. 02:8o. iv h i7 m -6, N. 42 14' : 6-5,7: i88'6: o 77 ^. 2 533- iv b I9 m> 2, N. 34 8' : 6, 7-5 : 6o ' 3 : 19^-6 : w. '31. De, pale r, pale bl, certain, '57. Fr, 7-5, blsh, '77. In a grand field with 55, 6 m g . 206 THE STARRY HEAVENS. 56(02781). iv b 19-4, N. 33 47' 6, 8*8 : 53: 4 "- 5 : y., o. Bowyer, 'n : 37'9. 27 552. iv h 25 m '9, N. 39 50' : 6-3, 6'5 : H4'4 : 9". 57 (0272750). iv b 27 m -8, N. 42 53' : De., 5-2, 6'2 : lo^g: II 3 // 7 : Y-> w - Ysh., pale lilac, '52. Fr., 0*5 m 8 . diff. ; ysh., blsh. ft 'oo : H5"-2. 58. iv h 3i m '5, N. 41 6' : 5*5 : or., has 27 563 in field : 8, 97 : 29'8 : 11*7. Another pair, 10, n, sp. 2:565. iv h 3 2 m '5, N. 41 58': 7-2, 8-5: i8o- 3 : i ff '6: ysh., blsh. ft 'oo : I73'8. STARS WITH REMARKABLE SPECTRA, AND VARIABLES. <. i h 38 m '6, N. 50 if : 4-2 : Hy. Pickering. Star. i h 40 m 'o, N. 53 34' : 9-4 : IV. Fleming. U (var.). i b 54 m> 2, N. 54 26' : 7-5-11 : 32O d . Fleming. Nova i. i h 56 m '4, N. 56 21' : 9-2- ? : Fleming. Es.-Birm. 39. i h 57 m '8, N. 54 5i' : 7'9 : B- h. III. T (var.). n h I3 m '6, N. 58 35' : 8-2-9-3 : Safarik. S (var.). n b I7 m> 2, N. 58 13' : 7-8-11-2. Krueger. Turner notes the similarity between this star's var. and the var. of sun spots. Es.-Birm. 53. n h 32 m '6, N. 56 42' : 9-3 : R. : h. III. Star. n h 35 m< 3> N. 56 23' : 9-1 : V. : Fleming. W (var.). n h 44 m '7, N. 56 39' : 7-5-11 : Es. Es.-Birm. 58. n b 45^1, N. 57 31' : 8-9 : K. : Hn. IV. Star. n h 46 m '2, N. 56 36' : 9-5 : V : Fleming. p (var.). m b o m -o, N. 38 32' : 3-4-4*2 : Schm. III. Es.-Birm. 64. m b 5 m '2, N. 57 36' : 7-9 : IV : Pickering. Es.-Birm. 66. m b 8 m 'i, N. 47 32' : 9 : IV : Es. Es.-Birm. 72. in h 24 m 'i, N. 55 6 r : 7-5: R. : W. R(var.). m h 24 m '9, N. 35 24' : 8-13-5: 2io d 'i : Schonfeld. Nova 2. m h 25 m> 7, N. 43 31'. Anderson, '01. Found before max., it became the brightest star in the N. sky. PERSEUS. 207 Early photos showed dark lines, these became flanked with bright lines, and later the spect. became nebular. Wolf and Ritchey found it encompassed with nebulous matter which expanded with enormous velocity. D'Esterre, 1913, found Nova irregularly var. from 11*7 to 13*2. So Steavenson, 1916. i/j. in h 30 m< 8, N. 47 55' : 4-3 : Hy. : Pickering. Es.-Birm. 77. m h 40 m 'o, N. 53 40' : 8 : R. : h. III. X (var.). in h 50 m '3, N. 30 49' : 6*5 : Hy. : Fleming. c. iv h 2 m< 8, N. 47 30' : 4 : Hy. : Frost. Es.-Birm. 82. iv h f'g, N. 32 20' : 6*5 : R. : B. III. Es.-Birm. 820. iv h 8 m '8, N. 49 17' : 8'8 : R. : Es. Es.-Birm. 96. iv b 40 m 'i, N. 32 47' : 87 : R. : h. III. NEBULA AND CLUSTERS. 650, 651 (M. 76 and H. I 193). i h 37 m '2, N. 51 10'. Pearly w. neb., double, curious miniature of M. 27, and like it gaseous, p a little the brighter. E. of Rosse, spiral. Lick photo, the two joined and traces of ring. 869, 884 (H. VI 33, 34). n h I5 m 'i, N. 56 47'. These two gorgeous clusters, described by Sm. as ' affording together one of the most brilliant telescopic objects in the heavens,' are visible to the naked eye as a protuberant part of the Galaxy, and so H. considers them. They are often called The sword-hand of Perseus. With 64 these superb masses were visible together, as well as a bright part n. 5i-in. showed a red star between them. Sm. mentions a ruby and a garnet in 884.. 9j-in. shows 5 stars in all. T. T. Smith sees 8. Es. sees 9 in the cl. and outliers, all very similar in col., and spectrum (faint III type). The red stars are all associated with 884. Adams finds that the brighter stars in the cl. have nearly the same radial velocity. 208 THE STARRY HEAVENS. Follow the curve of stars n, which leads into a glorious region at n b 6 m , N. 58 55'. Beautiful field, n h 14*, 54. 957 (h. 227). n h 27 m -8, N. 57 10'. Wide d., h. 13-15 m g ., a little/869. Group. n h 3i m *o, N. 55 37', with reddish star. Es. 1039 (M. 34). n b 36 m '9, N. 42 26'. Just perceptible to naked eye ; very grand low-power field, one of the finest objects of its class. It contains 027 44, which see. 1245 (H. VI 25). ni h 9 m> 2, N. 46 56'. A low power shows a very faint large cloud of minute stars (h. 12-15 m g .), beautifully bordered by a brighter foreshortened pentagon. 1528 (H. VII 61). iv h 9 m> i, N. 51 2'. Bright cl., good low-power object ; larger stars in curves. E. of Rosse, 9! m g ., red, 30' sf, another 2! f. iv h 30 m '9, N. 50 53'. Centre of dark space, extending 5 m . in R.A. and i in Dec., which Es. believes to be occu- pied by a body absorbing the light of the stars. Barnard has found several objects which he believes to be due to an absorption medium, one at i8 b 7, S. 18 15' especially remarkable. PISCES. A dull region, containing some good telescopic objects. DOUBLE STARS. 34 (S 5). o h 5 m '9, N. 10 42' : 6, 10-5 : i62'8 : 8". 35 (Z 1 12). o h io m '8, N. 8 22' : 6'2, 7-8 : I49'9 : n"'5 : w. W., bluish, '48. M g8 . var. ?. De., 5*8, 7*2. 38 (222). o h i 3 m - 3 , N. 8 25' : 7> 8 : 2 3 67 : 4""?. A. divides 7 : 7'6, 77 : 300'! : o"'i. PISCES. 209 2720. o h I3 m> 3, N. 16 4' : 8, 9 : 230'! : I2"'2. 27 25. o h I4 m '6, N. 15 33' : 8-5, 8-5 : I 9 27 : 1*7. 42(2:27). o h 18"% N. 13 2': 6'8, 107: 344: 31*7: v.y., o. 107 too small for col., g-in. spec. '71. h., 7, 9 : or., bl., '27. Sa., bright grn., '74. De.,6'6, ii. ft '04 : 332'8 : 28"'8. 51 (2736). o h 28 m '3, N. 6 31' : 5, 9 : 82'3 : 27"'4 : w., ash. W., blsh., '50. 52 (h. 1982). o h 28 m '4, N. 19 51' : ft 5-8, n'4 : 3057 : 38"'3. 'oo : 4i"'2. p.m. 11*4 easy g-in. spec., '71. 55 (46). o h 35 m 7, N. 21 o' : 5, 8'2 : IQ27 : 6"' 4 : v.y., v. bl. 8'2, very small, col. indistinct, '48, '50 ; 10 m g . g-in. spec., '71. Fr., like 10, '76 ; yet De., 8-2. 65 (27 61). o h 45 m '6, N. 27 16' : 6, 6 : 299 : 4^4 : ysh. j3 496. o h 47 m '4, N. 12 21' : 6*5, 12*5 : 2 : 5"'i. 66(02720). o h 5o m '3, N. 18 45': 5-9, 7: 60 -4 : o*'8 : ysh., blsh., '61. A., '11 : 3o8'2 : 0^-5. Bin. E 74. o h 5o m '6, N. 9 o' : 8, 9 : 3 oi'9 : 3". 2 80. o h 55 m '3, N. o 21' : 7, 8'2 : 300'! : iS'^ : y., bl. E., fine bl., '50. Fr., '14: 323'3 : 22^4. orange, bl. p.m. 2782. o b 56 m '5, N. 9 3' : 8-3, 9-3 : 303'8 : 1^7. Doo., comes at 34 : 75", double : 10, 11 : 105^7 : 10^-9. 27 87. i h i m '2, N. 14 58' : 8-5, 8'5 : 193 : 6'6 : ysh. i/j 1 (2788). i h i m '4, N. 21 3" : 4-9, 5 : i6o'3 : 29 // -g. h., II m g ./. Fr., 2-in., '77. 77 (27 90). i h i m 7, N. 4 29' : 5-9, 6'8 : 827 : 32 x/ '8 : w. W., blsh., '50. Fr., yw., ruddy, '14. 27 98. i h 8 m '4, N. 31 39' : 7, 8 : 247' 9 : 1^-3. 027 26. i h 8 m '6, N. 29 39' : 6'2, 10 : 257^2 : io"'8 : y., o. < (2799). lb 9 m '4> N - 2 4 10' : 47* io'i : 227 3 '5 : 8" : v.y., bl. io'i missed, '50, '51. P., duplex ; conies var. ? VOL. n. P 210 THE STARRY HEAVENS. I (2 ioo). i h 9 m '5, N. 7 9': 4-2, 5-3: 63 7 : 23"'5 : w. W., greyish, '50. Ysh., pale lilac, or rose, '53. Du., both pale y., '69. 4*2 var. ? 4'2-6. ft comes to 5*3, n : 2487 : 0^9. ft '98 : 241 'y. c.p.m. p. i h 2i m '9, N. 18 46', and 94, both 5 m g ., form a splendid pair. 2 122. i b 22 m 7, N. 3 8' : 7-9, 9 : (328'4) : 5"'8 : v.w., bl. 022 19. i h 24 m> 2, N. 7 33' : De., 7-3, 7-8 : ft 98'8 : 69"'3. Rosy, and blsh., '50. Fr., '13 : 99^ : 68"'4. E 129. i h 26 m> o, N. 12 15' : 8-5, 9 : 283'2 : 8"'4. r) (jS 506). i h 27 m '2, N. 14 56' : 4, II : I2'9 : i". 100 (27is6). i h 30 m '6, N. 12 9' : 6-9, 8 : 78'8 : 16" : w. W., bl., '50. Fletcher, y., lilac, '52. Fr., ruddy, '76. 2 138. i h 3i m '9, N. 7 16' : 7-3, 7-3 : 20 : 1"'$ : y.w. Acocks, '14, 42'!. Fine test, requiring beautiful weather ; elong. 80 ; in contact, 144 ; divided, 250. Ho., comes, 14; 62'8 : 22 // '2. ft '03: 65-!: 23 /7 '5. Look in finder for long narrow trapezium, between fj, and o ; it is the p of the two s stars. In the telescope a 10 m g . lies near it nf, fainter comes sp. 103 08 5). i h 34 m '9> N. 16 13' : 7, 9 ' 297'3 : i"'3. 2 142. i h 35 m '6, N. 14 51' : 8'2, 8*4 : 3ii'6 : 26"'i. 2 146. i h 37 m 'i, N. 9 42' : 8-3, 8-3 : 3o6'5 : 23 /A 8. 2 155- i h 40 m> o, N. 9 5' : 7-5, 7-9 : 332'8 : 4 7/ '6. D., vars. j8 509, 29 8 p, 6' n: 8-5,9 : 9 8 7 : o// '9- Burner, 'ii : 246'3. S 186. i h 5i m 7, N. i 27' : 7-2, 7-2 : 64^7 : i"'2. Bowyer, '12 : 2i8'3 : o"'9. Bin., now widening. Ph., '15 : 39'5 : i"'o. PISCES. 211 a (27 202). i h 57""9, N. 2 23': 2'8, 3-9: 3357: z"'6 : grnsh. w., bl., '32. Ph., '14: 3i5'o : 2"'5. I found contrast certain, but 3*9 troublesome as to col., usually ruddy, or tawny, sometimes bl. Pale y., brown y., ' quite satisfactory ' : 3^-in., '55. Pale y., tawny or fawn col., ' certain,' 5i-in., '60. 3 '9 blsh. ? * No strong contrast,' '62. Brownish, at first fancied blsh., 9-in., '71. 2 (Barnard). xxn b 56 m '3, N.o32' : )3,6, 13-4 : 92'6 : 3"'3. H 3009. xxm h 20 m -2, N. 3 16' : 6'8, 8'8 : 229'5 : 6"'g : v.y., bl. K I , K*. xxui h 22 m '8, N. o 49' : 5, 6 : fine field containing 2 minute rubies (not seen, 17^-in., Es). W. C. Bruce. 2:3019. xxm h 26 m '6, N. 4 48' : 7-1,8-1: i85'3 : io"7. 2:3030. xxm h 36 m -6, S. o 50' : 8-4, 8'6 : 220'8 : &"$. 2:3031. xxm h 37 m -i, N. 5 49' : 7-5,8-5 : 3 i2- 9 : i 4 "-6. 2:3033. xxm h 39-8, N. 6 48' : 8-5,8-5: 9^9 : 3^-3. 27 08 730). xxm h 54 m -6, S. 4 o' : 54, 10 : 265'8 : 1^-4. 2:3054. xxm h 59 m -o, N. 7 49' : 7-5,8-5: i8i'5 : 33^-7. STARS WITH REMARKABLE SPECTRA, AND VARIABLES. Es.-Birm. 5. o h i6 m -5, N. 2 35' : ? : R. : var. ? Pickering. 47. o h 23 m '9, N. 17 27' : 5-4 : OR. : III : D'A. T (var.). o h 27 m '9, N. 14 9' : 9-5-11 : Irreg. Luther. 57. o b 42 m '4, N. 15 2' : 5 : III : D'A. Es.-Birm. 19. ! h 11*7, N. 25 14' : 7 : IV : D'A. Var. WendeU. S (var.). i h I3 m '4, N. 8 31' : 8-2-14-7 : 404*3 : Hind. U (var.). i h i8 m '7, N. 12 27' : 9*4-15 : 172*7 : Peters. R (var.). i h 26 m '5, N. 2 28' : 7-6-13-5 : 344*1 : Hind. j8. xxn h 59 m< 8, N. 3 23' : 4-6 : Hy. : Frost. 19 (Es.-Birm. 756). xxm h 42^3, N. 3 2' : 6'2 : R. : IV type. Se. Magnificent object. Var., according 212 THE STARRY HEAVENS. to Gould, but Chandler believes the apparent var. is due to the red col. Es., however, saw a well- marked max. 5*2 m g ., 1884, Aug. 19, and places it as leader of a class of variables whose character- istics are spectrum IV type. Var. about I m g . Per. irregular. These stars for long intervals are nearly constant in light, and then for a short time rise to a max. Probably all the stars of type IV are subject to these fluctuations. In estimating magnitude of red stars it is well to put them out of focus, and thus compare discs of light instead of points. A binocular is a capital instrument for comparing together the magnitudes of the brighter stars. Webb notes a curious 8 m g . triangle II min./, 30' s. 30. xxm h 57 m -8, S. 6 28' : 5 : YR. : III. Du. NEBULA. 524 (H. I 151). i b 2O m< 6, N. 9 7'. Round, brighter centre ; 4 stars near. PI SCI S AU STRAUS. A constellation of which the first magnitude, lucida, Fomalhaut (xxn b 53 m> 2, S. 30 3') appears as a glittering object, low down in the south, below Aquarius. DOUBLE STARS (N. of 31). i) (j8 276). xxi h 56 m '2, S. 28 51' : 5, 6 : ii3'3 : i"'2. h. 5356. xxn h 35 m - 3 , S. 28 45' : 6, 7 : i5 9 7 : 85^3. Comes to 7, 9 : 57'6 : 4"'4, '37. Scott, '03 : 63 : 3"'i. SAGITTA. 213 VARIABLE STAR. R (var.). xxn h I3 m '5, S. 30 o' : 8-5 6, N. 19 46' : 5 j m 8 ., y., lies in a rich region. A circle round it of 30' or 40' radius will include several very pretty 8 or 9 m*. pairs, on different sides. (Z 2637). xx h 6 m '4, N. 20 43' : 6, 8-3, 7-1 : 3267, 226'6 : n"'4, 70*7 : yw., ash., y. W., blsh., reddish, '47- ft '03: 78^-3 for 7-1. STARS WITH EEMARKABLE SPECTRA, AND VARIABLES. U (var.). xix h I5 m '3, N. 19 28' : 6-5-9 : 3 d '4 * Algol type. Schwab. T (var.). xix h i8 m 'i, N. 17 30' : 8-3-9-9 : Irr - ' Es. 3. xix h 43 m> 8, N. 18 20' : 4 : III : Vogel. S (10) var. xix h 52 m '4, N. 16 25' : 5'5-6'i : 8 d> 4 : Gore. Es.-Birm. 639^. xix h 59 m> 3, N. 20 50' : 9-4 : IV : Es. Es.-Birm. 643. xx b i m '6, N. 20 26' : 8-9 : R. : Pechiile. IV : Var. ? Es. E (var.). xx h io m '4, N. 16 29' : 8-5-10-4 : 70^5, with double max., like Lyrse. Baxendell. CLUSTER. 6838 (M. 71). xix h 50 m '2, N. 18 34' : large and dim, hazy to low powers with 3ro-in., yielding a cloud of faint stars (h. 11-16 m g .) to higher magnifiers. Rather more than i sp y. About i sp is a beautiful low-power field, containing pair, and triple group, all about 8 or 9 m g . SAGITTARIUS. 215 SAGITTARIUS. The stars of this constellation have a beautiful effect above the S. horizon near the place where the Galaxy passes from sight in our latitude ; but they are apt to be obscured by haze. The Milky Way is here very rich in a trans- parent night, but we see only the N. edge of a splendid portion of it. DOUBLE STARS. h. 5003. xvri h 52 m '9, S. 30 15' : 6, 7 : 105-! : 4"'8. 283. xvn h 57""!, S. 22 47' : 6-5, 12-5 : 239'3 : 8". Comes, 14 : 34 '4 : 14"' I. j8 245. xvin h 3 m '9, S. 30 45' : 6, 10 : Doo., 353'8 : 4". tf (h. 2822). xvm h 9 m -o, S. 21 5' : ft 3i> ", 9'5, 9'5 : 2577, 312-!, ii5-4 : 16*7, 48"'3, so"'!. j8 sees comites 13 : n87 : 25"'2, and 14 : 34 -4 : 14"- 1. Spect. Bin. 21 (A.C. 10). xviii h 20 m> 6, S. 20 35' : D., 5, 8J : 2927 : 2"'5 : '53- A., 'oo : i"'8. About ij s of A, xvin h 23 m< o, S. 25 28', is a fine 7 m g . triangle with comites to the 5 and/stars. See. 355. xvm h 3O m 7, S. 19 20' : 6, 13-9 : 238 -9 : I2"'9. 28 (See. 360). xvm h 4i m> 5, S. 22 28' : 5-6, 147 : 209'! : i2 //- 5. 29 (See. 362). xvin b 44 m> 9, S. 20 25' : 5'8, 14-5 : o'2 : if. v* (]8 1033). xvm h 49 m '4, S. 22 50" : 5'5> " : io6'4 : 2 //> 3 ; comes, 10-5 : 59'6 : 28 7/> 2. ? (Har. 150). xvm h 56 m '6, S. 30 o' : 4, 5 : 25i'i : o /x> 8. Bin. Per. 20*9 years, Barnes. Innes, '12 : 247'8 : 0^7, who deems Do.'s period, 21 '6 years, to be best, h. 5082. xvm h 58 m '4, S. 19 13' : 6, 9-5 : 107 : See, 89^2, H2'2 : /r ' 20 // 216 THE STARRY HEAVENS. S. 710. xix b 2 m< 3, S. 16 21' : 6, 10 : 4'6 : 7". h. 2866. xix h i8 m -8, S. 18 10' : 8, 8-3, 8'6 : 53, 137-! : 23"'4, 23"'9. Comes, 12, to 8'6. m. 619. xix h 24 m '9, S. 27 10' : ft 6, 8'2 : i4i'6 : /'8. 272565. xix h 40 m '8, S. 13 25' : 8-8, 8'8 : 34'! : 5"*4- I 1039. xixh 44 m ' 2 > S. 28 59' : 6'i, 10-5 : 290 : 2 //< 5- h. 2904. xix h 49 m '5, S. 24 8' : ft 6'6, 10-2 : I37'6 : I7"'5- ft '05 : ioi'4 : I5"'i. p.m. of 0^5. See. 401. xix h 56 m '6, S. 22 52' : 5-2, 14-5 : 2207 : 13". STABS WITH KEMARKABLE SPECTRA, AND VARIABLES. X (var.). xvn h 42 m '5, S. 27 48' : 4*4-5 : 7 d< o : Schom. Nova 2. xvn h 55 m 'i, S. 27 33' : 7*5-? : Fleming, '10. Star. xvn h 59 m> o, S. 24 22' : 6'i : Hy : Har. W (var.). xvm h i m> 6, S. 29 35' : 4*3~5'i : 7 d '5 : Schm. Nova 4. xvin h i m< 8, S. 27 26' : 10*4-? Cannon, '01. Star. xviii h 3 m '3, S. 19 25' : g'6 : V : Fleming. Star. xvm h 3 m 7, S. 21 16' : 7-8 : V : Pickering. Es.-Birm. 513. xvm h 5 m 'i, S. 15 18' : 8*3 : R. : D'A. Es.-Birm. 518. xvm h 8 m '3, S. 18 58' : 9 : OR. : Hn. Es.-Birm. 519. xvm h 8 m> 9, S. 19 16' : 87 : R. : Hn. Es.-Birm. 520. xvm h 9 m> i, S. 19 7' : 8'8 : R. : Hn. Es.-Birm. 523. xvm h io m 7, S. 18 57' : 87 : OR. : Hn. Es.-Birm. 524. xvm h io m '9, S. 19 59' : 9-1 : R. : Hn. Es.-Birm. 526. xvm h 13*7, S. 18 17' : 8 : R. : Hn. Nova 3. xvm h I5 m< o, S. 25 14' : 8-5-? : Cannon, '99. Es.-Birm. 530. xvm h i6 m '6, S. 24 57' : 6-5 : R. : Hn. Y (var.). xvm h i6 m 7, S. 18 54' : 5-4-6-2 : 5*7 : Sawyer. Es.-Birm. 535. xvm h 23 m> 4, S. 21 17' : 87 : R. : Hn. Star. xvm h 24 m '5, S. 25 18' : 6'2 : Hy. : Fleming. Es.-Birm. 537. xvm b 26 m 7, S. 21 18' : 8'5 : R. : Hn. Es.-Birm. 539. xvm h 26 m< 8, S. 17 28' : 10 : R. : Hn. THE TKIFID NEBULA, M. 20, SAGITTAKII. Photographed at the Lick Observatory. SAGITTARIUS. 217 U (var.). xvm h 27 m '2, S. 19 n' : 6-5-7-3 : 6*7 : Schm. Es.-Birm. 557. xvm h 38 m -2, S. 19 22' : 6-5 : K. : Hn. ST (var.). xvm h 57 m> o, S. 12 52' : 8 3, S. 13 16' : 47-? : Fleming, '98. SU (var.). xvm h 58 m '8, S. 22 50' : 8-9 : Fleming. T (var.). xix h n m< 6, S. 17 7' : 7*2-12 : 38i d> 3 : Pogson. R (var.). xix h I2 m> o, S. 19 27' : 6-9-12-3 : 269* : Pogson. Es.-Birm. 595. xix b 14-6, S. 16 4' : 6'8 : R. : Hn. IV. S (var.). xix h I4 m> 8, S. 19 10' : 9-1-14-5 : 230 d< 7. Pogson. v. xix b I7 m -i, S. 16 7' : 4-7 : Hy. : Fleming. Es.-Birm. 611. xix h 29^4, S. 16 33' : 7-2 : R. : h. IV : Se. Var. Wells. RR (var.). xix h 5i m> o, S. 29 24' : 7-5-12-6 : 335 d : Fleming. Es.-Birm. 642. xx h 2 m 'O, S. 27 27' : 8 : R. : h. var. Fleming. CLUSTERS AND NEBULA. 6514 (M. 20). xvn h 57 m< 5, S. 23 2'. The Trifid neb. closely / a cruciform group. Very curious object ; pair with minute comes l where three ways meet, dark rifts through nebulosity.' j8, with 36-in., sees six stars with positions as follows : A B : 8, 10-6 : 22'5 : 6 // 'i. A C : 2i2'3 : io // '7. C= 8-8. C D : 28i7 : 2"'2. 0=10-5. C E : i90 -8 : 6"-2. E=i2-4. A F : io6-4 : 22 // 'i. F=i3'8. C G : 2ii '9 : 29"'6. Spect. not gaseous ; yet La. and Holden report conspicuous change. Neb. imperfectly seen by Sm. as well as myself ; rather low. Grand region. 6523 (M. 8). xvn h 58 m -8, S. 24 23'. Splendid Galaxy object ; visible to naked eye. In a large field we find a bright, coarse triple star, followed by a resolvable luminous mass, including two stars, or starry centres, and then by a loose bright cl. enclosed by several stars : a very fine 218 THE STARRY HEAVENS. combination, h., a set of milky streaks and loops. Se. suspects change, and finds the spectrum gaseous. 1 6531 (M. 21). xvn h 59 m '9, S. 22 30'. In a lucid region. 6568 (H. VII 30). xvm h 7 m '9, S. 21 37'. Curious large undefined cloud of 10 m g . (h., 11-13 m8 -) stars ; re- quiring low power and steady gazing ; J s of /i 1 . 6626 (M. 28). xvm h i9 m -6, S. 24 55'. Not bright, h., 14-16 m 8 . i np A. M. 25. xvm h 27 m< 2, S. 19 n'. Coarse and brilliant. Not in G.C. 6656 (M. 22). xvin h 3i m '5, S. 24 3'. Beautiful bright cl., very interesting from visibility of components, largest 10 and II m g ., which makes it a valuable object for common telescopes, and a clue to the structure of many more distant or difficult neb. h. makes all the stars of two sizes, II and 1 At xvii 1 ' 57 ra , S. 1 8 50' a little np p, is a spot referred to by Se. as exemplifying in a high degree the marvellous structure which his achromatic at Rome shows in the Galaxy. The remarks of this accomplished astronomer on the successive layers of stars are very curious : first he finds large stars and lucid clusters ; then a layer of smaller stars, certainly below 12 m^. ; then a nebulous stratum with occasional openings. But what, he says, startled him, and all to whom he showed it, was the regular disposition of the larger stars hi figures 'si geometriques qu'il est impossible de les croire accidentelles. La plus grande partie sont comme des arcs de spirale ; on peut compter jusqu'a 10 ou 12 etoiles de la gme a la lome grandeur . . . se suivant sur une meme courbe comme les grains de chapelet; quelquefois elles forment des rayons qui semblent diverger d'un centre commun, et ce qui est bien singulier on voit d'ordinaire que, soit au centre des rayons, soit au commence- ment de la branche de la courbe, on trouve une etoile plus grande et rouge. II est impossible de croire que telle distribution soit accidentelle.' He mentions, besides this spot, several instances in Cygnus. Compare the spiral discovered by the E. of Rosse in many nebulae ; and see also Sm.'s remark on M. 35. SCORPIO. 219 15 m 8 ., as if ' one shell over another/ and thinks the larger ones ruddy. Midway between p, and or. 6818 (H. IV 51). xix h 40 m '5, S. 14 21'. Plan., bl., like star out of focus. E. of Kosse, and D'A. darker centre ; h. otherwise. Huggins, spect. gas. 2 n, a little/ 54- 6864 (M. 75). xx h i m *4, S. 22 9'. Bright nucleus with low power, h., resolvable. SCORPIO. A fine constellation, little noticed by casual star-gazers from its low altitude and short continuance above the horizon, with the additional disadvantage of its culminating during the brief summer's night. The student will do well to look out for it, and it will repay an hour or two of extra watching. DOUBLE STARS. 2 (j8 36). xv h 4 8 m -8, S. 25 5' : 6, 8 : 279 : 3". (1998). xvi h o m -o,S.nio / : 4-9,5-2: 356: i"-i: yw. : '25. Bin. Per., Lewis, 97*8 years, A., 44-7 years. A., '12 : I577 : 0*7, now widening. Third star, 7-2 : 78-6 : 6*7 : '25. Jouffray, '03 : 6f'2 : f~$. Probably a system like Cancri. Elong. ? '51. Beautiful field., s a little / is S 1999 : 7-8, 8'i : IO2'2 : io"'5 : w. (some obs. bl., or purp.), yw. Fr., '15, 99'4 : 11^-3. Sa., n m g ./. ft (Wi. 494)- xvi h o m -8, S. 19 36' : E, 2, 4 : 24^4 : 13^-1. Pale y., grnsh. ? '50. ft doubled 2 : 10 : 93'9 : 0-9. 11(039). xvi h 3 m -2,S.i232': De.,6'i, 10-4 : 256'5 : 3"'$. v (HA. 497). xvi h 7 m< 3>S.i9i5' : De.,4'i,7 : 336'8 : 4o // -8. Mitchel and Jacob divided 7. De., 7, 8 : 47"9 : 220 THE STARRY HEAVENS. I// '9 : '75- I nave seen it easily with 5|-in., Grover has even just separated it with 2-in. )3, De., and others double 4 ; De., 4-1, 6*6 : 360 : o"7. All apparently fixed. 12 (h. 4839). xvi h 7 m - 3 , S. 28 12': See, 6, 87: 77'5 : 4-1. m. 504. xvi h i5 m -8, S. 19 56' : Wilson, 8'5, 9-5 : 22'5 : 12*7. Another pair in field p, (~H.fi. 503), a beautiful group. a (Kh. 505). xvi h i6 m '3, S. 25 24' : 3, 8 : 27i'2 : 20^4. Spect. Bin. h. 4850. xvi h i9 m -6, S. 29 31' : 6-5, 7 : 352'! : 6"-g. a (Antares). xvi h 24 m '5, S. 26 16'. This great star, Sm. justly terms fiery red ; and it is a grand telescopic object. Its tint, however, is not uniform ; to me the disc appears y., with flashes of deep crimson alternating with a less proportion of fine green, the latter mixture perhaps accounted for by the 7 m g . (first seen by Burg, 1819) star near enough to be usually involved in the flaming rays of the principal, forming an atmospheric, rather than optical test. De., 275^7: 3*7: '64. Fixed. D. noticed a curious proof of its independent, not contrasted grn. light, when it emerged, in '56, from behind the dark limb of the moon. Large star, III type, fine spectrum. STARS WITH KEMARKABLE SPECTRA, AND VARIABLES. Es.-Birm. 430. xv h i8 m 'O, S. 28 18' : 8-5 : R. : Holden. EZ(var.). xv h 59^8, S. 23 53' : 8 2, S. 25 12' : 6-1,5-3: I047: o"-6. Bin. A., 25 years. Oliver, '09 : 27I7 : 0*7. Large p.m. of i"'4. ft 734- o h 48 m 7, S. 24 26' : 6, n : 348 -g : io"7. I 446. i h 28 m -o, S. 30 42' : 5-8, 10 : 130 : 1^3. r (h. 3447)- i h 32 m '3, S. 30 19' : 6J, 8 : 7 5'4 : 3"'3 : '37- Scott, '02 : 97 : i"'8. I 448. i h 35 m 'i, S. 25 26' : 6-4, 12 : 5 : 12". c (h. 3461). i h 4i m '9> S. 25 3' : 5, 9 : ^ : 5"'5, '37- Scott, '02 : 537 : 4*7. See 492. xxm h 3i m '4, S. 27 56' : 6'2, 8'i : 265'! : 0^4. h. 5417. xxm h 40 m '3, S. 26 41' : 6J, 9^ : Scott, 320'! : 8-9. 8 (ft 1013). xxm h 44 m -8, S. 28 35' : 47, 12-5 : 228'9 : 3"'3- h. 5423. xxm h 45 m 7, S. 25 47' : 6J, 12. See, 3O5'5 : i3 // '6. h. (Cape Obs.). xxm h 5o m '2, S. 27 30' : 6, 7 : 267'5 : 6"'8. VARIABLE STAR. Y (var.). xxm h 4 m '3, S. 30 34' : 7-8-8-9 : Fleming. NEBULAE. 253 (H. V i). o h 43 m> 6, S. 25 44' : very bright large neb. 24' X3' 288 (H. VI 20). o b 48 m -8, S. 27 i x . Bright cl. 5' diam., 12-16 m g . 613 (H. I 281). i b 3i m -2, S. 29 49' : Bright large neb. SCUTUM SOBIESKII. This asterism, which worthily associates the memory of the Polish hero with the most brilliant part of the Galaxy visible in our latitudes, is full of splendid telescopic fields ; SCUTUM SOBIESKII. 223 and the very ground of the Milky Way seems here re- solvable. DOUBLE STARS. 2:2303. xvm h I5 m> 8, S. 8 i' : 67, 9*2: 2i6'4 : 3"'2 : ysh., o. Bowyer, '05 : 223'8 : 2^4. S 2306. xvm h I7 m 7, S. 15 8' : 7-2, 7-9 : 2i9'5 : I2"'8 : y., v. bl. Beautiful. Mitchel divided 7*9 : 8*2, 8-5 : 65'! : i". Fixed. 2313. xvm h 20 m> 4, S. 6 39' : 7-2, 8-5 : 199 : 6"'i : yw., ash. 2 2325. xvm h 27 m -o, S. 10 52' : 6, 9-3 : 257*9 : i2 //< 3. Fr., w., blsh. ^2337. xvm h 3o m '4, S. 14 46' : 7-8, 8-8 : 297^4 : i6"*4 : w., blsh. 2:2373. xvm h 4i m '4, S. 10 35' : 7-1, 8'i : 339'! : 4"'2 : w., ashy. 2 2391. xvm h 44 m '4, S. 6 7' : 6*2, 9 : 332'6 : zf-q. STARS WITH REMARKABLE SPECTRA, AND VARIABLES. Es.-Birm. 527. xvm h I3 m< 8, S. 13 28' : 9-2 : R. : Hn. IV ? Star. xvm h I4 m '6, S. 11 40' : 8'8 : V : Fleming. Var. xvin h 22 m '2, S. 9 14' : 7'5-8'5 : Algol type. Cannon. Es.-Birm. 542. xvm h 28 m 'i, S. 14 55' : 67 : III : D'A. Es.-Birm. 551. xvm h 34 m '3, S. 13 52' : 8'2 : III : D'A. RR(var.). xvm h 36^6, S. 4 10' : 7-9-8-3: Ichinohe. Var. xvm h 39 m '4, S. 7 49' : 7-5-8*4 : Cannon. Es.-Birm. 562. xvm h 4O m '4, S. 6 43' : 8'8 : R. : W. III. Es. B. notes 7*5, red orange 6' n. Star. xvm h 4O m> 2, S. 7 Ii' : 8'2 : Hy. : Fleming. R (var.). xviii h 43 m '2, S. 5 48' : 4-8-7*8 : 7i d 'i : Piggott. Es. finds the bands fade out at max., so that the 224 THE STARRY HEAVENS. spectrum varies from nearly continuous to well- marked III. Confirmed by Curtiss at the Lick Observatory, who finds at max. bright hydrogen lines, and at min. solar type. RS(var.). xvm h 44 m '8, S. 10 20' : 8-9-8: 0*7: Algol type. Cannon. Es.-Birm. 569. xvm h 45 m '4, S. 6 o' : 6'8 : OK. : W. III. S (var.). xvm h 46^4, S. 8 o' : 7-1- ? B. IV. Wide pair, 7, 8 : OB., bl. sp. CLUSTERS AND NEBULA. 6603 (M. 24). xvm h I3 m '8, S. 18 2/ : Magnificent region, visible to the unaided eye as a kind of protuberance of the Galaxy ; and so considered by h., who gives stars 15 m g . It is accompanied by two little pairs. 2 n of {i Sagittarii. 6611 (M. 16). xvm h I4 m '5, S. 13 49'. Grand cl. 6613 (M. 18). xvm h I5 m '2, S. 17 10'. Glorious field in very rich vicinity ; s lies a region of surpassing splendour. 6618 (M. 17). xvm h i6 m '3, S. 16 13' : The ' horseshoe ' neb. visible in finder, i n of M. 18, described by Sm. as a magnificent, arched, and irresolvable nebulosity in a splendid group of stars. Well has he observed, * The wonderful quantity of suns profusely scattered about here would be confounding, but for their increasing our reverence of the Omnipotent Creator, by revealing to us the immensity of the creation.' The neb., however, Huggins finds to be gaseous ; and Holden traces some changes of position with regard to neighbouring stars. 6694 (M. 26). xvm h 40 m '8, S. 9 29'. Coarse cl. 6712 (H. 1 47). xvm h 48 m 7, S. 8 48' : Beautiful resolv- able neb. SERPENS. 225 SERPENS. A long rambling constellation, mixed with Ophiuchus. It contains some fine telescopic objects. DOUBLE STARS. 2 (ft 348). xiv h 57 m 7, N. o 14' : De., 5-1, 7-4 : ii4-6 : o"'5. Furner, '08 : no7. S 1931. xv h i4 m- 2, N. 10 43' : 6-2, 7-6 : I72*5 : 13"'! : w. Fr., '15: i6g ; 5. Pale y., blsh. ft 943. xv h I4 m '3, N. i 14' : 6-6, 12-2 : 92'5 : 2"'3. 5 (2 1930). xv h i5 m -2, N. 2 5' : 5, 10 : 41 : io"'i : yah., o. c.p.m. of o"'6. Very near M. 5 Librae. 6 (j8 32). xv h I7 m -o, N. i o' : De., 4-6, 9*4 : if '2 : i"~$. Sa., y., grey bl. Burton, comes, est. 80 : 5"- 2 1940. xv b 22 m '5, N. 18 27' : 8'2, 87 : 325'5 : i"'5- S 1943- xv h 23-7, N. 5 38' : 8-5, 9 : I53'5 : 5"'3- 2 1944. xv h 23-7, N. 6 22' : 7*5, 8'i : 34i'6 : 1^3. Furner, '12 : 32O'8 : i". 2 1945. xv b 24 m '3, N. 14 59' : 8'8, 9-5 : 273'2 : 30^7 : (j8, '04 : 29i7 : 32 // '5) : comes to 9-5, 9-5 : 28o'4 : 8"-8. Ha., comes, 14-5 : 27'5 : 23^1. 1949. xv h 26 m> 2, N. 13 20' : 9, 9*2 : 2I3'2 : i6 //< 4. 27 1952. xv h 28 m< i, N. 9 56' : 7-8, 9 : 22i'9 : 15^9. A. doubles 7-8 : 8*5, 10*2 : 22 0> 5 : o"'5. 8(^1954). xv h 31-0, N. 10 48': 3, 4: i 9 7 - 3 : 2*7: y.w., ashy, '33. Ph., '13 : i8 3 '6 : ^'9- W., blsh. w., '50. Fr., '15 : i88'2 : w., grnsh. y. t (Hu. 580). xv h 38-2, N. 19 55' : 5, 5 : 7 i-8 : 0^2. A., '12 : 6 5 -2. ft 619. xv h 39 m - 4j N. 13 55' : 6J, 7 : 359'8 : 0^6. A. 2230. xv h 4o m -o, N. 2 46' : 6'i, 13-2 : I02'6 : 3 //> 6. VOL. II. Q 226 THE STARRY HEAVENS. a (h. 1277). xv b 40 m '3, N. 6 41' : ft, 2, 12 : 35o'6 : 58*1 . Obvious, 9J-in., '67. Sa., 2j-in., '74. ft (1970). xv h 42 m '5, N. 15 40': 3, 9-2: 265: 3 o"'6: blsh. w., o. Pale y., lilac, gj-in., '72. So Fr. 2 3126. xv h 45 m> 9, S. 2 56' : 9-2, 9-2 : 282'3 : 2"'4. 2 1978. xv h 47 m -2, N. 14 57' : 8-5, 9 : 235'2 : I5"'3. 2 1979. xv h 47 m -2, N. 22 43' : 8-5, 9-1 : 247'4 : g"^. 2:1985. xv h 5i m -8, S. i56': 7, 8'i : 326'6 : 5^4 : yw., ash. Fr., '15 : 339'3- 5 1986. xv h 5i m -8, N. 10 20' : 8'2, 8'8 : 94'4 : 14^4. 2:1988. xv h 53 m *o, N. 12 43': 7*5, 8'2 : 266'3 : 2^9. Doo., 'n : 26o'4. 5 1987. xv h 53 m< 2, N. 3 38' : 7-2, 87 : 324 : 10^3. w., ash. W., lilac, '50. 2:3101. xv h 54 m 7, S. 2 51' : 8-2,8-5: 60 -3 : 2": yw. S 1990. xv h 55 m '5, N. 22 i' : 8, has at 59 : 56 /7 -2, double comes: 8-5,8-5: 2o8'4: 3 /7 -8. 02:303. xv h 57-2, N. 13 31': 7-4, 7-9: i34- 4 : o*-8. Greenw., '12 : I5O'2. 2 2008. xvi b 3 m '4, S. 2 27' : 8-5, 9-2 : 58^4 : 8 v -8. 2 2017. xvi h 8 m '5, N. 14 46' : 7-7, 8-4 : 249^7 : 25". Fr. '14: 253'9: 27 // 7. A pretty pair. 49 (22021). xvi h 9 m -6,N. 13 45' : 6-7,6-9 : 316^7 : 3 /x -2 : '32. Fr., '15 : 3377 : 3 /7 7 : yw. Sa., nu'nute comes f. S 2023. xvi h io m -6, N. 5 44' : 8, 9 : 235 : i"'5. Do., '03 : 227'5: i"7. 2 2027. xvi h n m -3, N. 4 28' : 8'2, 8'2 : 75 : 2". S 2041. xvi h i7 m -6, N. i 25' : 7-3, 10-5 : 4^4 : 3"-! : y., o. Sa., most beautiful ; 10-5, bl. De., 7'2, 9-9. 2 2119. xvn h 2 m -o, S. 13 49' : 8, 8 : i7-8 : 2 /r . j3 282. xvn h io m -8, S. 14 30' : 6-2, ir8 : I5i7 : 4"'4- v (HA. 535). xvii h i6 m '3, S. 12 46' : ft, 4-9, 9-5 : 2 9 - 7 : 46-9. SERPENS. 227 27 2204. xvn b 4i m> 8, S. 13 if : 7, 7-2 : 23'6 : 14"'$. 27 2250. xvn h 55 m -o, S. 6 51' : 8, 9 : 346'5 : 7*7. 02727 165. xvm b 2 m 'i, N. 4 33' : De., 7-4, 7-9 : I42'3 : 66" : yw. Fine region. 2 2294. xvm h io m '5, N. o 9' : 7-4, 77 : 9i'9 : i"'i. Bryant, '12 : 287'8 : o"'4. 59(^2316). xvm h 23 m 'i, N. o 8' : 5-5, 7*8 : 3i4'i 3*9 ' y., bl. h., or., grn. Brightest of vicinity. 2^2322. xviii h 26 m -i, N. 4 o' : 57,11: I7o'5 : 19^6. 27 2324. xvm h 26 m '9, N. i 20' : 8'2, 8'5 : 146 : 2^4. S 2347. XVIIlh 33 m '8, S. o 27' : 7-5, 9-4 : 259'3 : $"'2. 272361. xvm h 36 m -6, N. 3 o' : 8-3,8-8: 2ii'4 : 25"-!. Z 1 2375. xvm h 4i m '5, N. 5 24' : 6'2, 6'6 : (ii37) : 2"'2. e (2:2417). xvm h 52 m> 2, N. 4 6' : 4, 4-2 : I03'8 : 2i // '6: yw. Hu., '02 : 22 /x '2. Sm. first suggested vari- ability, and Gould found var. from 4*1 to 4*6. A difference of 1-3 m*. was noted between the stars at Harvard on one occasion. Relatively fixed with c.p.m. (n' n, Miss Brown sees a red star. Es., 8'5 : III.) This noble pair, in a very fine field, lies to the naked eye in a dark space between two streams of the Galaxy. There is a traditional misrepresentation of the latter in this region, where both streams were misdrawn and misplaced on the older globes and maps. Much fine sweeping occurs among moderate-sized stars between these branches, showing that the darkness to the naked eye is due to the absence of the unresolved back- ground. In h.'s ' Outlines of Astronomy ' is a very accurate description of the Galaxy, and it has been carefully delineated by Heis, Gould, and Boeddicker. And with the camera by Barnard, and Wolf, Franklin- Adams, Bailey. 228 THE STARRY HEAVENS. STARS WITH KEMARKABLE SPECTRA, AND VARIABLES. S (var.). xv h i^-q, N. 14 36' : 7-8-14 : 368^5 : Harding. T*. xv b 32 m -8, N. 15 21' : 67 : R. : D'A. III. Es.-Birm. 437. xv b 39 m *4, S. i 27' : 10 : R. : Hn. R (var.). xv h 47 m -o, N. 15 23' : 5*6-13: 357 d '2 : Harding. U (var.). xvi b 3 m '5, N. 10 9' : 77-12 : 240* : Fleming. 47. xvi h 4 m -6, N. 8 45' : 6-4 : III : D'A. A 7-5 m*., 4' n, similar. W (var.). xvm h 5 m< 2, S. 15 34' : 8-5-10 : 14*-! : Algol type. Cannon. T (var.). xvm h 24 m> 9, N. 6 14' : 9'I 8 : Baxendell. CLUSTER AND GROUPS. Group. xvm b 2 m , S. 3 10'. Bright open triangle. Group. xvin b 22 m , N. i 41'. Curious rhomboid : 8, 8, 10, 10. 6633 (H. VIII 72). xvm b 24 m> 6, N. 6 29'. Very fine, with star 7 m g . in large field ; eye object. Baxendell found var. T, among outliers ; compare M. 80 in Scorpio. Between it and 6, nearer the former, is a beautiful large cloud of stars, chiefly 8 and 9 m g ., a nearer part, apparently, of the Galaxy ; visible to naked eye, and requiring a large field. Group. xvm h 34", N. 5 16'. Very large, subdivided, chiefly 9 and 10 m g ". SEXTANS. - A modern asterism, as its name denotes, being one of the minor constellations, formed by Heyelius out of un- claimed stars lying between the ancient ones. SEXTANS. 229 DOUBLE STARS. 2 1371. ix h 3i m -3, N. 4 16 : 8, 10-5 : 279'8 : 7"'! : ysh., o. h., io"5 : dusky red ; very remarkable col. S 1377. ix h 39 m -3, N. 3 i' : 7-9, in : 142^ : 3"'3- 8(A.C.5). ix h 48 m '5, S. 7 43': ft 5 J, 5 f : 161 : o"'2 : '78. Bin. P. about 70 yrs. ? Bryant, '12 : 68 : o"'4. Comes, 9: I45'3 : 35"'9- 9 (S. 605). ix h 49 m '9, N. 5 20' : & 67, 9 : Doubiago, 2go7 : 5i"-i. Bed,bl., '52. Fr.,or.,'77. S 1404. x h o m -2, S. i 19' : 87, 9-3 : 292'8 : 6"'i. 2 1441. x h 27 m -o, S. 7 13' : 6-4, 9-9 : i69'3 : 2"'6 : gold, o. Z 1452. x h 3i m 7, N. 2 59' : 9, 9-1 : 329^7 : io"'i. 35 (E 1466). x h 39""2, N. 5 10' : fri, 7'2 : 240'5 : 6""] : y., bl. Y., ruddy, '52. So Fr., '7?- Much diff. as to colours. Fine field, especially if large. 27 1470. x h 42 m '2, S. 5 21' : 8'2, 8-5 : 6'2 : ~L"'<\. Lunt, 'oo: I2'5. STARS WITH REMARKABLE SPECTRA, AND VARIABLES. R (var.). ix h 38 m '8, S. 7 44' : 9-5-10-6 : Irreg. : Wells. Var. ix h 46 m '9, S. i 39' : 8-9 : IV : Fleming. T (var.). ix h 49^3, N. 2 25' : 8-9-9-6 : Leavitt. LI. 19662. ix h 59 m -8, S. 9 ii r : Susp. var. by Gore. LL, 4-5 ; Harding, 5 ; Heis, 6-7 ; Gore, 7. 18. x h 6 m "9, S. 8 i' : 6 : pale or. ; forms a beautiful combination with 17, pale bl., 48" p. Es. S(var.). x h 30 m> 9, N. o 5' ; 8-9-10-5: Leland. NEBULA. 3115 (H. I 163). x h i m -2, S. 7 20' Very distinct, with much brighter centre, bearing magnifying unusually well. 3166, 3169 (H. I 3, 4). x h 9 m -6, N. 3 49'. Two very 230 THE STARRY HEAVENS. faint nebulae in a glorious field. H. missed the fainter, though he observed the other 4 times. D'A. saw 3, and called H. I 3 admodum luminosa. Such was the working of the Copenhagen ii-in. achr. TAURUS. An interesting constellation containing two beautiful groups familiar to the first beginner in stellar astronomy, The Pleiades, and Hyades. Neither of these, however, is sufficiently concentrated to make a good telescopic object, excepting in an unusually large field. The 6 principal stars of the Pleiades are evident to any clear sight ; but glimpses of more are easily attainable. Mostlin is said by Kepler to have distinctly made out 14, the relative positions of II being estimated with surprising accuracy in the absence of a telescope. Carrington and Denning have seen 14 ; even 16 are spoken of by Carl von Littrow, who says II are not unfrequently perceived. A beautiful triangle of small stars will be found near the lucida, Alcyone (m b 42 m 7, N. 23 52'). I have noticed the remarkable absence of colour in the group, except in one minute ruby star, and an or. outlier. Wolf has charted 499 stars here down to 14 m g . The photographic plate shows over 2000. Pickering found bright lines in Pleione which were con-, firmed by Keeler, but since 1905 the lines have been dark. In Alcyone Campbell sees red hydrogen line bright while the others are dark. Merrill finds a similar combination in Electra, while in Merope, F is also bright. Spect. Obs. suggests that the nebula is not gaseous. In the case of the Hyades, Boss finds 41 stars whose p.m. converge to near y Tauri. TAURUS. 231 DOUBLE STARS. 2:380. m h i7 m '4, N. 8 29' : 8-3, 9-3 : go-i : i"-2. j8, '04 : 6 3 -2. 2} 383. m b ig m 7, N. 17 17' : 8, 9 : I20'i : 5*7. 2:394. m h 23 m -4, N. 20 2': 7, 8: i63'3 : 6"7 : yah., blsh. j3 879. m h 24 m< 2, N. 11 6' : 6-5, 12-5 : 71-! : 24"'6. 27 401. in h 26 m -5, N. 27 18' : 6-5, 7 : 270 : n"'i. 10' n, a little p, is 27 1 7 : 6-9, 7-4 : 233 : 44". 27 403. m h 26 m -6, N. 19 30' : 8-5, 8-5 : i8i7 : 2"'g. 2 406. m h 26 m -6, N. 4 53' : 7, 9 : I23*8 : 9^3. 7 (^412). m b 29 m 7, N. 24 12' : 6*6, 67 : 269'9 : 0*7 : ysh., '30. A., '12 : I277 : o"'2. Bin. Elong. 5j-in., '61. Comes, 10 : j8, '04 : 59'! : 22 //( 4. 27414. m h 29 m '8, N. 19 32': 8, 8: i85'6 : 7^1. 24" / is 27 416 rej. Es., triple : 8*5, 12*3, 97 : 0, 2 9 2 -9, 56 '5 : 22 x/ -6, 26^4. 27 427. m h 35 m 7 N. 28 31' : 6'6, 7-4 : 2 o8'6 : 6 7/ 7. 27430. m h 36 m -2, N. 4 52': 6, 9, 9-8: 55'3, 301 -9 : 26^6, 37 x/ '4 : v.y., o, o. j3 1041. m h 39^7, N. 27 39' : 6'2, with 6-3 (at 38'3 : I22 // '6) J 12-8 : 347'8 : 7 x/ -9. 30 (27 452). m h 43 m '9, N. 10 54' : 4'5, 9'6 : 57'9 : 8^9 : blsh.. grn., o. Pale ysh., grnsh., '50. 027 64. m h 45 m< 2, N. 23 3/ : 7> 9-9. 9 ' 239> 237 : 3 x/> 3, io"-6. 02765. m h 45 m -5, N. 25 20': 6-5, 6-8: 2io'8 : o"'8. Bowyer, '12 : 2O2'9 : o"'4. 27457. m h 45 m -6, N. 22 26' : 8-8,8-8: I04'8 : 1^3. )8, comes, I2'6 : 338'8 : i8 /r -2. 27 479. ni h 56 m -2, N. 22 59' : 7, 7-9, 9-7 : I28'5, 240'5 : 7 x/ -4, 58"-! : w.,w.,o. 7i,9,io: yw., 2 blsh., '55. THE STARRY HEAVENS. 02:70. m h 57 m '4, N. 9 47' : 5-8, ir8 : 22^-4 : 12"'!. 27491. iv h i m -5, N. 10 46' : 8-2, 8-8 : iii '4 : 2""j. Z 493. iv h 2 m '5, N. 5 29' : 8-5, 9 : 9 8'i : i"'8 : y. 2:495. iv h 3 m -2, N. 14 57' : 6, 8'8 : (2207) : 3"'6. 02:72. iv h 3 m '4, N. 17 8' : 6'i, 9*2 : 322'8 : 4^5. 2:494. iv h 4 m -i, N. 22 54' : 77,77: i863 : 5"-!. 2 515. iv h 9 m -2, N. 2 40' : 8-3, 8-3 : 43'9 : 3^5. j3 1278. iv" 9-2, N. 8 41' : 6-5, 137 : 3 03'4 : 7"'4- Comes, 12-5 : 252'3 : 55^3. 46 (A 1938). iv h 9 m -2, N. 7 31' : 5-8, fri : 315 : o"'i. 47 08 547)- iv h 9 m -6, N. 9 4' : 5, 8 : 359^7 : o"- 9 . Comes, 9: 224% 3i"-5. 2:523. iv h I5 m -o, N. 23 33' : 7-2,9-2: 165: io /A 3. 55(02:79). iv h 15-3, N. 16 20': 7, 8-8: 23 7 : o"8. A., '12 : 323 0< 3 : o"'4. Bin. 88*9 years. (02:2: 48). iv h i 5 m - 4 , N. 27 10' : De., 5, 8 : 245^ : 53"'6 : y., o. Pale r., bl., '50. Fr., '13 : 249 : 52 // '9- j3 87. iv h i7 m -6, N. 20 38' : 5-7, 8-8 : i69'4 : 2". Ked, bl. Sa., very lovely. Es.-Birm., 86 ; possibly var. x (2:528). iv h I7 m 7, N. 25 27' : 5-7, 7-8 : 25'3 : *9"'3 ' w., blsh. w. Fr., 7*8 lilac, or ruddy, '79. 2:535. iv h i8 m -8, N. 11 12': 67, 8-2: 353- 9 : i"- 9 : yBh.,blsh. Ph.,326'4: 1^3, '14. 62 (2:534). iv h I9 m -i, N. 24 / : 6-2, 8 : 289^7 : 28 /x '9 : w., o. 8., bl., '50. Fine field. 66 (Hu. 304). iv b i9 m -8, N. 9 17' : 5-9, 5-9 : 23'9 : o"'2. Doo., '10: 36'9: 0^3. /c 1 /c 2 (2:i9). iv h 20 m -6, N. 22 7': 5, 6. A little pair between, De., 11*2, ii'6. j8, 329"9 : 5 /7 '5. E 545. iv h 22 m '4, N. 18 2' : 7-5, 9-3 : 57 : ig"'i : w., o. 9-3 blsh., '78. 2 548. iv h 22 m> 8, N. 30 2' : 6, 8 : 35'9 : i4 // '2 : ysh., blsh. TAURUS. 233 e (27 1 10). iv h 24-0, N. 15 48' : 47, 5 : 346'2 : 337^4 : w., ysh. Among Hyades ; pair to naked eye. c.p.m. Hu. 1080. iv h 24 m -6, N. 15 59' : 6'5, 7-5 : 263'! : 0^4. 80(^554). iv h 25-5, N. 15 28' : 6-5,9: i2- 9 : 1*7. 2:559. iv h 28""9, N. 17 51' : 7, 7 : 278^7 : 3". a (E II 2). iv h 3i m -3, N. 16 21': i, ii'2 : 36: 109": gold, o. Aldebaran, in Arabic, the hindmost, because he seems to drive the Pleiades before him. The minute attendant is a good light test. D. has seen it with 2|-in., Wa. with ij-in. 1 My 3Y0-in. showed it certainly, but not without much attention ; 144 suited it better than 80. De. makes it 10-3. j3 divides it into n, 13-5 : 279 : i""8, which may be moving ; he also detected a fainter attendant 109 *o : 3i // '4, which has the same p.m. as a, whereas the pair is gradually being left behind (Fr.,'i4 : 34'2 : H9"*9). Occul- tations of Aldebaran are not infrequent, as it lies in the Moon's way ; they are striking phenomena, and to some observers are apt to exhibit the singular optical illusion of projection. Aldebaran is a beautiful example of the II or solar type of spectrum. Goodacre, pair 62 p. Es., 117, 117 : 33 i -2: 3*7. 88 (02:2:52). iv h 3i m -2,N. 10 o' : De.,4,7'5 : 299 : 69^2 : yw.,yr. Y., pale lilac, '50. 2:569. iv h 31-9, N. 9 3' : 8-2,87: i 3 2-8: f'g. 2:567. iv h 32 m -o, N. 19 20' : 8-5,9: 302'9: i x/ '4 : y. Greenw., '12 : 323^7 : i"'8. 1 It may be remarked, however, once for all, that personal equation and atmospheric conditions enter so largely into these estimates that the employment of such tests is seldom conclusive in its results. 234 THE STARRY HEAVENS. a2, a 1 (27 1 ii). iv h 34 m 7, N. 15 45' : 5-2, 57 : wide. T (02727 54). iv h 37 m '4, N. 22 49' : De. 5 5, 7-2 : 2i2'4 : 62"'9 : w., bl. Spec. Bin. Q 6 (j8 551)- iv h 45 m> 2, N. 15 46' : 6, has double comes (at 57'2 ; 30*7), n, 12-8 : 205 7 : 6"- 3 . 99 (j8 1045). iv h 53 m -o, N. 23 50' : 6, 12-3 : 6'4 : 6"'3. 27 1 12. iv h 56 m -8, N. 26 34' : 6, 7 : i58'6 : 78"'8. A., divides 6 : 7*2, 9'8 : 354'5 : 0^3. 02:95. iv h 59-6, N. 22 54': 6-6, 7-2: 344'2 : 0^5. Greenw., '12 : 32O*9 : o'^S. Bin. 103 (Edgecombe). v h 3 m '2, N. 24 9' : j8, 6, 12-5 : I49'6 : i 3 // '3- A 9 m"., 197 : 35 //< 5- 27 670. v h i2 m -o, N. 18 21' : 77, 8'2 : I7i'i : 2^3. w., blsh. Bowyer, '08 : i66'8 : 2 /x '3. 27671. v h i2 m '4, N. 26 o x : 8-5,9: I25*9: i7 /x -2. 2768o. v h i4 m; 5, N. 20 4': 6-3, 10*2: 2oi'8 : 8*7: y., o. Bird, comes dull red, bearing any illumination. Last of curious series of 6 stars nearly /of each other. The next p is 27 674 : 6'5, 9-5: i47'3: io x/ '5. 27 686. v h i6 m> o, N. 23 58' : 7-9, 8-1 : 2i9'9 : 9"-2. 2^697. v h i8 m '9, N. 15 59' : 7-2, 8-2 : 285 : 26". 27 694. v h I9 m -i, N. 24 54 X : 8'2, 8'2 : 4'2 : 1^-3. Ha., comes, 15 : 338'6 : 8*7. in (Hh. 166). v b i 9 m -8, N. 17 18' : ]8, '03 : 270'4 : 80^-6. p.m. o"-2. H., 1782 : 46*7. Y., lilac, '51. 115 (027 107). v h 22 m> 5, N. 17 53' : 6, 10-8 : 304'6 : io x/ . Comes, 12-5, Hu., 34i'i : 10''. 118 (27 7 i6). v h 24 m '3, N. 25 5' : 5'8, 6-6 : i96-8 : 4 // - 9 : w., blsh. w. c.p.m. Ph., '14 : 2Oi'4. 0272764. v h 25 m -i, N. 18 21' : De., 7-2, 77 : 207 : 53 /7 '5. j8 sees comes to 7*2, 13 : I22'2 : io x/ '6. 27730. v b 27 m> 6, N. 17 o x : 6-5, 7 : i4i-8 : 9 /x '8 : v.w. TAURUS. 235 Ysh., blsh. ; 7, 7-3, g-in., '72. So Fr. and nearly equal, '76. Be., 5-8, 67. 2:740. v b 3i m -6, N. 21 9' : 8-2,9: n8-8 : 2i"'8 : y., o. 49' n is 742 : 7-2, 7-8 : 246'2 : 3"'3 : y., w., '30. Greenw., 'n : 262'3. 2:749. v h 3i m '9, N. 26 53' : 7-1, 7-2 : 23'4 : o"7. Ph., '14 : 347'3 : o"'9. Buffham, divided with 6J-in. ( With ' spec. ^ 755- v h 34 m -3, N. 23 15' : 8-3, 9 : 3i57 : 6// - 2 766. v h 35 m 7, N. 15 18' : 6-8, 8 : 276-! : 9"-6. 126 (j8 1007). v h 36 m 7, N. 16 29' : 6, 6-2 : 266-2 : o"'3, '81. Single, '90. Elongated, '91. Bryant, '12 : 260 -9 : o"-2. Bin. Per. some 35 yrs. 2 776. v h 38 m -i, N. 25 19' : 8-2, 9-2 : 104^7 : 2// N. 22 10' : 87, 8'8 : 85'4 : 4 /x> 6. 2:785. v h 41-0, N. 25 53' : 67,77: 348'6: 13^8: w., blsh. w. Very pretty. 02:, comes, I2'2 : 66'4: 18^3. 2:787. v h 4i m< 2, N. 21 17': 8-1, 8-5: 78'5: 1^4. Bowyer, '12 : 69^6 : i". 133 (h. 3279)- vh 43 m '2, N. 13 52' : 6, jS, 12-4, 12-2 : 297, i82-2 : i 7 "-8, 25 // '3- 02 118. v h 43 m 6, N. 20 51' : 6-2, 77 : 3i87 : o"'6 : ysh., o. Bowyer, '12 : 322'3 : o //- 5. A 7'2 ; i6o-6: 75 /x -5. 2:806. v h 46 m 4, N. 17 52': 8-8, 8-8: 198 -8 : n/7 Jonckheere doubled n star. A., 97, ii'2 : 72: 1-7. 136 (j8 1054). v b 48 m '3, N. 27 36' : 6, 12 : 232'2 : I5 /7 . STARS WITH REMARKABLE SPECTRA, AND VARIABLES. Es.-Birm. 76. m h 37 m 7, N. 14 32' : 8'8 : R. : h. III. X (var.). m h 48 m '9, N. 7 32' : 6-6-7-2 : Gould. 236 THE STARRY HEAVENS. A (var). m h 56 m -2, N. 12 16' : 3-3-4*2 : 3 d '9 : Algol type. Baxendell. RW (var.). m b 59 m> o, N. 27 54' : 7-1-11 : 2 d 7 : Algol type. Fleming. Es.-Birm. 83. iv h 9 m '8, N. 14 21' : 7-5 : Y.R. : III. Vogel. Es.-Birm. 84. iv h i6 m '3, N. 27 10' : 7-5 : E. : Fr. Ill ? T (var.). iv h I7 m '3, N. 19 21' : 9'2 8, N. 9 46' : 9-5-14 : 365** : Oudemans. Star (var.). iv h 32 m> 5, N. 18 23' : 7-2-7-7 : 3 d 'i : Muller and Kemf. Es.-Birm. 100. iv h 46 m> o, N. 15 39' : 9-4 : III : var. Es. Es.-Birm. 101. iv h 46 m '5, N. 28 24' : 8'i : K. : h. IV. Se. Var. Es. V (var.). iv h 47 m> 4, N. 17 25' : 8-3-13-6 : i7O d> i : Auwers. Es.-Birm. 104. iv h 49 m 'O, N. 22 39' : 9*2 : R. : IV ?: Es. Es.-Birm. 113. iv h 59 m '7, N. 23 33' : 8-5 : R. : W. 119. v h 27 m '5, N. 18 32' : 4-4 : Y.R : III : Se. 120. v h 28 m 7, N. 18 29' : 5-5 : Hy. Es.-Birm. 143. v h 29^9, N. 25 51' : 8-4 Es.-Birm. 148. v h 33 m '6, N. 24 57' : 9 5 : R. : Markree Cat. IV? Es. Es.-Birm. 149. v h 34 m '4, N. 23 17' : 7-8 Fleming. paleR. : W. R. : Sm. III? Es.-Birm. 152. v h 40 m '3, N. 24 23' : 85: R. : Markree Cat. IV. Du. Var. 77-9-5? Y (var.). v h 4O m> 9, N. 20 40' : 7-7 : R. Markree Cat. IV. Du. Var. 7-8. Webb and Birmingham. TAURUS. 237 NEBULA AND CLUSTERS. 1435. in h 4i m '4, N. 23 32'. Nebula in Pleiades, dis- covered by Tempel, 1859 a f am t, extended, somewhat triangular haze, involving, at its n extremity, Merope, the bright star sp Alcyone, the lucida of the group. Suspected var., but evidence conflicting. Has been seen with less than 2-in., but invisible in the n-in. achr, at Copenhagen, possibly from want of contrast in diminished fields ; D'A. says there are nebulae invisible or barely seen in great telescopes, which can be perceived easily in their finders. Wolf is certain that it has not changed since '64. Found readily with 5j-in., '63, Oct. 6. Very feeble, '65, Sept. 25 ; a mere glow when star out of field, Q-in. spec., '72, March 4 ; '76, Jan. 15, in presence of star, Qj-in. spec., 1881, Jan. 31. Goldschmidt saw it as a projection from a diffused nebulosity encompassing Pleiades ; so Wolf. Temple thinks this an illusion, but it has been confirmed by photo- graphy. The photo, of the brothers Henry shows a remark- able nebulous wisp attached to Maia, and a curious narrow ray running through 6 stars for 2% f. 1647 (H. VIII 8). iv h 4i m '4, N. 18 55'. Stars 8-5 to 10, round wide pair. 1758 (H. VII 21). iv h 59 m< 6, N. 23 40'. Interesting region. 1952 (M. I). v h 29 m 7, N. 21 58': oblong; pale; i np . Crab neb. of E. of Eosse, who considered it re- solvable, with fringes, not, however, subsequently con- firmed there. Se. obtained a similar result. Granular, 9^-in. spec. D'A., 5|' X3J', not resolved. First seen by Bevis, 1731. Its accidental re-discovery by M., while following a comet in 1758, led to the formation of the earliest catalogue of nebulae. Winlock, gaseous spect. 238 THE STARRY HEAVENS. TRIANGULUM. An ancient constellation, including several good objects. DOUBLE STARS. 2 137. i h 30 m '9, N. 20 52' : 8-2, 9 : 86'6 : $"'4. 2 143- i h 35 m '8, N. 33 56' : 77> 9 : 3i9'8 : 3o"'3- A '04 : 36"'6, from p.m. 27 158. i h 42 m 'i, N. 32 46' : 8-3, 8-8 : 246^2 : 2"'i. Ph., '14 : 258-!. 27i97. i h 56-3, N. 34 55': 7-3, 8-3: 233'6 : i8"- 3 . W., ashy. '33. )8, '04 : 25"'9. r.m. 6(27201). i h 58 m< 3, N. 32 54': 5'3, n'3 "9'6 : 3"7- Star 8 m B . deep or., I4 8 /. 27 219. n h 5 m '5, N. 32 59' : 8'2, 9 : i8i-6 : ii"'4. t (27227). nh 7 m 7> N - 2 9 S^' : 5, 6-4 : 77^9 : 3^6: y., bl. Exquisite, Sm. Fixed. 2 232. n h io m> o, N. 29 16' : 7-5, 7-5 : 245'5 : 6^6. 27 239. n b I2 m 7, N. 28 23' : 7, 8 : 208^9 : 14" : w. Fr., '14 : 211 : ysh. w., lilac. Ysh., greyish, or blsh. grey, '49, '52. Heis, naked-eye star. Se., 6, 7-5. De., 67, 7-5. 27246. n h i3 m -8, N. 34 / : 7-3,8-5: I22'5 : 10^5: ysh., blsh. 27 269. n h 24 m -i, N. 29 34' : 7'5, 9'8 : 340'5 : i^9- 7-> ash. 7-5 var. ? Heis, naked eye. 9*8, not seen, '50. De., 7-1, 8-4. A 1816. ii b 24 m -2, N. 36 58' : 6-5, 11-2 : 249'6 : i /A 6. 285. n b 34 m -i, N. 33 9' : 7,77: i77'5 : *"'9 m - 7- Greenw., i69'4 : i"'8. 27300. n h 39 m> 8, N. 29 7' : 7-9, 6-1 : 299'6 : 2^9 : v.w. W., ysh., or ruddy, '50. Chapman, 'n : 3o6'9 : URSA MAJOR. 239 STARS WITH REMARKABLE SPECTRA, AND VARIABLE. Es.-Birm. 35. i h 53 m '4, N. 30 45' : 7 : III : Pickering. Es.-Birm. 50. n h 23 m '6, N. 36 36' : 77 : III : Du. 15. n h 30 m '9, N. 24 20' : 5-6 : III : D'A. E(var.). n h 32 m '2, N. 33 55' : 6-5-12: 267 d : Fleming and Es. Es.-Birm. 55. n h 39^2, N. 32 2': neb., with 7-5 /, R. h. III. Se. NEBULA. 598 (M. 33). i h 29 m '3, N. 30 15'. Very large, faint, ill denned, visible from its great size (h., nearly J n and s t in finder). A very curious object, only fit for low powers, being actually imperceptible, from want of contrast, with my 144. E. of Rosse, who saw it full of knots, found spiral arrangement ; two similar curves like an S cross in the centre. Ritchey, who photographed it with the 24-in. at the Yerkes Observatory, with 4 hours' exposure, notes that the central parts appear decidedly nebulous, the outer parts consist of very faint nebulosity, and of numerous curved streams, or wisps of nebulous stars ; hundreds of these star-like con- densations are shown on the original negative. Closely nf is H. Ill 150, a small, bright, round neb. with gaseous spect. URSA MAJOR. This familiar constellation offers a large field to the persevering observer. It must be borne in mind that it extends far beyond the region occupied by ' the seven stars ; ' and, from the unmarked character of some parts of it, several telescopic objects will require care in their 240 THE STARRY HEAVENS. identification. It seems difficult to ascertain whence this Bear and his companion derived their preposterous length of tail. Dr. Mather, in 1712, tells a curious story, that though the Red Indians did not divide the stars into constellations, they called the stars of Ursa Major ' Pauku- nawaw,' that is, the Bear, long before they had any com- munication with Europeans. 1 H. considered that in '38 c was the leader of the 7 ; but in '47, by far, TJ ; Fr., in '78, c decidedly lucida, and sequence T\ a jS y 8. was the first spectroscopic Binary discovered, in '88, Mrs. Fleming having found that the lines were doubled at intervals. Period, 2O d '54. a, j8, 6 are also spec. Binaries. Of the early type stars at least one in three are spec. Binaries. DOUBLE STARS. (]3 1067). vm b 23 m -6, N. 60 59' : aj, 15-2 : igi ^ : f. 2 1232. vm h 27 m -2, N. 66 34' : 8, 8J : 350'2 : 31^1. S 1250. vm h 34 m -4, N. 52 5' : 8-8, 8-8 : i67'4 : 21*7. 2:1248. vm b 35"% N. 62 19' : 8-3,8-8: 2o87 : i8"-i. 5 1279. vm b 44 m -8, N. 39 53' : 8-3, 8-3 : 273'6 : i"'6. S 1275. vm h 4 5 m -3, N. 57 49' : 8, 8 : 196-! : 2". 5 1280. vm h 48 m '5, N. 71 / : 7-5, 7'6 : 33'9 7"'4 J&- Storey, '10 : 457 : 4"-8. p.m. 1^-4. S 1293. vm h 53 m< 6, N. 54 i/ : 7-8, 9 : 9 2-2 : T&"-6. 1 (02:196). vm b 53 m -8 N. 48 22': 3-1, 10-3: 352'5 : lO^S. ]8, '05: 360-!: 8 /7 -2. h. thought comes might shine by reflected light. Buffham, very dull for its size. Wa., easy with low, invisible with high powers of 4^-in. Rapid c.p.m. Hu. comes double : 9-5, 9-8 : 203'3 : 0^9. 1 I am informed, however, on the highest authority, that in the language of the Cree Indians this word signifies * Ye are alone ; isolated.' The word Bear is ' Muskwa,' URSA MAJOR. 241 K (A 1585). viii h 58 m< 2, N. 47 28' : 4, 4-2 : 283'2 : o"'2. a2 (27 1306). ix h 3""5, N. 67 28' : 5, 8-2 : 263'5 : 4^6 : grnsh., o. A., '12 : I47'8 : i"'i. Corner, very difficult, 3^j-in. 80 ; plain 144. Sa., comes var. ; 5 probably so. De.'s estimates 8 to 10. Bin. 2 1312. ix h 4 m 7, N. 52 42' : 77, 8-2 : i47'9 : 4 // '5- 27 1315. ix h 6""5, N. 62 o' : 7, 7-2 : 25'5 : 24"'9. 27 1318. ix h 8 m -3, N. 47 19' : 7-5, 87 : 245'! : 3*'5- 27 1321. ix b 9 m '3, N. 53 4': 7-4, 7-4: 48'4 : 20"- 1 : y. Es., '07 : 66'5 : i8"'8, comes, 14 : 2827 : 28"'4. p.m. i"7. 27 1331. ix h i4 m -6, N. 61 40' : 8, 8 : I52'6 : (o"'8). Comes, 11-5 : 200'8 : 11^4. Storey, '10 : 190 : i2 x/ '4. 27 1341. ix h ITT, N. 50 2/ : 8-5, 8-5 : 26 7 '3 : 21^1. 027200. i^ig-'^N.s^SS 7 : 67,8-4: 335'2 : i"'4 : y.,o. 21 (27 1346). ix h 20 m> o, N. 54 22' : 7, 8 : 311 : 5*7. w., blah. 27 1349. Ixb 2 4 m '5> N. 67 54 r : 6-8, 8 : i64'9 : 19^2 w. Fr., yw., blsh. w. 23 (27 1351). ix b 25 m '3, N. 63 25' : 3-8, 9 : 272^4 : 22 // -8 : grnsh. w., ash. Pale y., lilac or violet, '52. Bird, singularly fine, from contrast ; comes, n m g . np. 27 1358. ix h 25 m '8, N. 45 2' : 7-3, 8-8 : I52'6 : 24 // '4. Fr., '15 : 77, 8-8 : i6i'8 : 23^2. FL, 7 m g . n. 27 1359. ix h 27 m -8, N. 56 3/ : 8-5, 9-2 : 6 9 '5 : 7*7. (181071). ix h 27-6, N. 52 3': 3, 137: 74 -9 : 5^1, Lewis, '99 : 87'!. Spec. Bin. 27 1350. ix h 27 m 7, N. 67 9' : 7-2, 7-3 : 246 0> 3 : 10^-4. Distant 8 m g . 27 1362. ix h 30 m '5, N. 73 26' : 7, 7 : I37'3 : ^. 27 1376. ix h 40 m -o, N. 43 36' : 8-2, 8-2 : 3i5'8 : 5". v (027 521). ix h 45 m> 4, N. 59 25' : 4-2, n-8 : 2944 : n" : pale y., o. c.p.m. VOL. II. B 242 THE STARRY HEAVENS. 271381. ix b 45 m -5,N.6io': 8-5,87: 2I7'6 : i"'5. <(0272o8). ix h 46-7, N. 54 27': 5, 5'6 : 4'4 : 0^5. Bin. Per. 97 yrs. ? One revolution nearly com- pleted. Bryant, '12 : 311 : 0^4. Will remain at o"'4 for some years. Angle increases. 2 1402. ix h 59 m -6, N. 55 54' : 6-8,8: 96: 2i"'i. y., blsh. 0, '02 : ioo7 : 25"'6, from p.m. 2 1407. x h 3 m -2, N. 64 51' : 9, 9-5 : 52'5 : 4^-9. 27 1408. x h 4 m -6, N. 73 28' : 8-4, 9-2 : n-8 : 3^3. 27 1415. x h n m '5, N. 71 38' : 6-1, 7 : 167-! : 16*7 : v.w. Fr., '15 : yw., blsh. w. 2 1427. x h i7 m -2, N. 44 19' : 7-2, 77 : 214-! : 9 // '5 27 1428. x h 2i m -o, N. 53 2' : 7-5, 7-8 : 84- 3 : 3"'8. j3 1074. x h 30 m< 6, N. 46 4' : 6-4, 11-2 : 2o8'4 : 2"'i. 27 1460. x h 35 m '9, N. 42 35' : 8-1, 8-1 : i687 : 3" > 3- 27 1463. x h 38 m -2, N. 47 7' : 8-5, 9 : 258'3 : ?'$. 2 1465. x h 3 8 m -5, N. 45 3' : 8'5, 8-8 : I4'4 : 2 /r '2. 27 1483. x b 49 m - 9j N. 47 55' : 87, 87 : 67^2 : 3^-3. 2 1486. x h 5o m '3, N. 52 33' : 7'5, 8'8 : I02'8 : 28 // '3 : y.,o. 27 1495. x h 55 m -o, N. 59 20' : 6, 8-3 : 38'2 : 34"'5 : yw. Fr., '15 : pale y., bl. a (j3 1077). x h 58 m '9, N. 62 n' : 2, in : 326'! : o'-g. A., '99 : 276'8 : 0^6. '05, 'n, not seen. Bin. Large star thought var. by h. Klein, col. var. A distant 8 m g . violet. 51 (Ho. 377)- xi h o m -i, N. 38 42' : 6, 12-5 : 24 9 '5 : 8"- 4 . 27 1510. xi b 3 m '4, N. 53 15' : 7-1, 8-4 : 34 l0 '9 : 3"'9 : w., ashy. 27 1512. xi h 4 m '4, N. 62 56' : 8, 8-5 : yfy : ^'4- Ho. 254. xPg n 'o,'$.3?tt': 6-5,12: 164^7: 2 r/ '3. 27 1520. xi h n m '5, N. 53 12' : 6-5, 7-8 : 345'3 : 13" : w., blsh. Fr., '15 : pale y., purple. URSA MAJOR. 243 (2 1523). xi h I4 m -o, N. 32 o' : 4, 4-9 : 2387 : 1*7, '26. Earliest calculated Binary (by Savary, 1828), 6o'8 yrs. Rapid c.p.m. Greatest dist. 3", 1914, at 120 , closing to o"'9 at 360 , 1933. Bowyer, '12 : n8 0< 6 : 2"'9. Spec. Bin. (2 1524). xi h i 4 m -2, N. 33 32' : 37, ioi : I46'6 : 7"'! : v.y., o. No comes, 3^-in., '52 ; seen by Wa., 2 j-in., '74. De., 3-8, 9-6. 2 1525. xi h i5 m -o, N. 47 55' : 9, 9 : 177^7 : 2^3. Z 1533. xi h i7 m -8, N. 37 32' : 8-2, 8-4 : i72'8 : 23"-!. 57 (2 1543). xi 2 4 m -8, N. 39 47' : 5'2, 8-2 : io 7 : 5"'4 : w., ash. Lewis, 'n : 3597- W, ruddy ? Comes, 9 m g ., var. ? '52. c.p.m. 02:234. xi" 2 6 m -5, N. 41 43' : 7, 7'4 : I77'5 : o"'4 : '44. A., '12 : i6i'4 : 0^5. Bin. See, 77 yrs. Es., pair, 30" p, 3' s : 97,9-8: 3O2'3 : 3"'!. Z 1544. xi h 26 m -8, N. 60 9' : 7, 8 : 89'5 : i2 //> 5. 02:235. xi h 27 m '9, N. 61 32' : 6, 7-3 : 43-! : i" : '72. Bryant, 'n : 25i'4 : o^. Hu., per. 70 yrs. Now widening towards o , to 0^7, 1930. Great. dist. i^'i. 2:i555- xi h 32 m 'i, N. 28 14': 6-4, 6-8: 339'4 ^ *"'2. Bowyer, '12 : I747. n m g . comes, Do., I47'6 : 2I 7/ . Sa., beautiful plum col. Sm. says ' It is situated in a very vacant space to the eye . . . but to the powerful reflectors now in use, is in a very ocean of nebulae.' 2 1553- xi h 3 2 m '3> N. 56 35' : 7'3> 7* : i7i'5 5"'3- 2 1559- xi h 34 m '4, N. 64 48' : 67, 77 : 322 7 : 2"'i : w., '31. 77, ashy, '36. So Fr., '77. 2:1561. xi h 34 m -6,N.4533 / : 5-9,8: 266: 10^5: ysh.w., ash. Fr., '15 : 257 : 10". p.m. o 7/ 7. Prettily grouped. Fr., 8 m*. sf. 244 THE STARRY HEAVENS. 2 1576. xi h 48 m -8, N. 31 i/ : 8-2, 8-5 : 242"} : $"'2. 65 (S 1579). xi h 5i m '0, N. 46 56' : 6, 8-3 : 3 6'5 : 3*7 : v.w., bl. A. divides 6 : 7-1, 9 : 2'9 : o"'3. A 6-5 : ii3-8 : 62"'$. 9* 38' y, 53' s, is 27 1570 : 8-3, 8-8 : 48-8 : 10*7. 027241. xi h 52 m -2, N. 35 54' : 6-5,8-4: ug'-i : i"^. j8 918. xi b 52*7, N. 32 39' : 6-4, 12-7 : 234'3 : f'Z I with 3 faint neb. in low-powered field,/. j3 919. xi h 55 m -2, N. 33 3/ ' 6-2, 117 : I4'3 : 4"'6. E 1600. xn h i m '5, N. 52 23' : 7, 8 : 93-2 : f'6. Hu. 1136. xn h i m> 6, N. 63 23' : 6, 11-4 : 223'2 : 1^9. 2 1603. xn h 4 m -2, N. 55 55' : 6-9, 7-3 : 8o-6 : 22"'4. 27 1608. xn h 7 m '5, N. 53 53': 7-5,77: 223'9 : io"'6 : yw. Es., '01 : 11^9. 2 1630. xn h i5 m -o, N. 56 49' : 8-3, 9 : i66'8 : 2 7/ '3. 27 1691. xn b 5i m -6, N. 58 36' : 8-2, 9 : 276'5 : 19". 2 1695. xn h 52 m -8, N. 54 32' : 6-3, 8-2 : 289'! : 3"'3 : w., ash. 78 (j3 1082). xn h 57 m - 3 , N. 56 48' : 6, 9-6 : 74'6 : i /x '5. Doo., '02 : 937. (2:1744). iin fc aoP'7,N.55 20 / : 2-1,4-2: i47-6: 14^-4: grnsh. w. This fine pair, which is said to have been discovered by Riccioli, and again noticed, 1700, Sept. 7, by Gottfried Kirch, and his scientific wife, Maria Margareta, are probably travelling together through space, and in very slow orbital motion, it forms a noble group with Alcor, 1 5 rn g . (five distant comites, Es.), nj' distant (the ' rider upon the horse '), and another star, 8 m g ., which, however, is said to have been seen without a telescope. , or Mizar, and Alcor, form a pair to 1 Brightening ? K. Certainly no longer the severe naked-eye test, which it used to be, even in the Arabian sky. URSA MAJOR. 245 the naked eye, and thus become an excellent object for a beginner, as the telescopic increase of brightness and distance admits of direct com- parison ; but the inversion of the astronomical eye-piece must be borne in mind, or the identity will be perplexing. was the first pair photo- graphed by Bond, and with very encouraging success. Spec. Bin. Z 1770. xm h 34 m -5, N. 51 8' : 6-4, 7-9 : 121 : i"'8 : y., ash. Orange, ruddy, clearly divided, 144 ; 3^-in. '52. S 1795. xm h 56 m -o, N. 53 29' : 7, 10-2 : 3-2 : /-6. Well seen, 3^-in. De., 7, 9*5. In string of stars reaching from towards coarse group in Bootes. E 1820. xiv h io m '4, N. 55 42' : 8'2, 8-5 : 467 : 2^4 : ysh. Storey, '09 : 8o'4 : 2"'2. STARS WITH REMARKAI LE SPECTRA, AND VARIABLES. X(var.). vm h 35 m -2, N. 50 26' : 8'4 8, N. 59 56' : 6-4-13-1 : 257^2 : Bonn. Y (var.). xn h 36 m '8, N. 56 17' : 8-9 : III : Es. S (var.). xn h 40 m '5, N. 61 32' : 7'3-i2'5 : 226 d '5 : Pogson. 83. xm h 37 m 7, N. 55 5' : 5'5- Seen by B., 1868, Aug. 6=8, subsequently fading. Fine Or. III. D'A. NEBULA. 2841 (H. I 205). ix h i6 m '5, N. 51 19'. Large, oval, bright, with nucleus. D'A., illustris, prcegrandis. E. of Rosse, like Androm. Neb. Dull object, 3^-in., in fine field with 37, 6 m g ., ij sp 6. Several pretty little pairs in neighbourhood. L.P., spiral. 2985 (H. I 78). ix h 43 m -2, N. 72 39' : bright. D'A., resolvable ? 3031, 3034 (M. 81, 82). ix h 49 m -o, N. 69 26'. Two neb. J apart ; 81 bright, wi h vivid nucleus, finely grouped with small stars, two ol which are projected upon the haze, to which h. gives nearly 15' of length. Two little pairs sp, making the field very interesting. The nearer is Z 1387 : 9'5, 9'5 : 269'6 : 8"'9 ; the further is 2 1386 : 8'2, 8'2 : 296 : 2". 82 (Bode's neb.), curious narrow curved ray. D'A., 7'xioo", two nuclei, and sparkling as if resolvable, which 81 is not. Huggins finds both spectra continuous, but deficient at the red end, like the Androm. neb., etc. L.P., spiral ; spect. one absorption and two bright lines. 3556 (H. V 46). xi h 6 m -8, N. 56 6'. Large, faint, well- defined, elongated, rather curved : small star in centre. i sffi. L.P., probably spiral. 3587 (M. 97). xi h io m -o, N. 55 27'. Large pale plan, neb. ; very remarkable object, h., 2' 40", which at distance of 61 Cygni only, would equal 7 times orbit of Neptune. THE OWL NEBULA, M. 97, URSJE MAJORIS. Photographed at the Lick Observatory. URSA MINOR. 247 He saw light nearly equable, though with softened edge, and faintly bicentral. E. of Rosse, on the contrary, two large perforations (whence it has been called the ' Owl Neb.'), and an indistinct spiral structure. Before 1850 there was a star in each opening ; since, one only. Huggins, gas-spectrum ; 2 sffi. L.P. shows an outer ring. Barnard three faint stars, the central one variable. Mt. Wilson 5 stars. 100 small neb. in field. 3610 (H. I 270). xi h I3 m '8, N. 59 i/. Bright, not large. D'A., haze round star-like nucleus. 3613 (H. I 271). xi h I4 m -o, N. 58 26'. Elongated; nucleus. 3675 (H. 1 194). xi h 2i m> 8, N. 44 2'. Large, elongated ; star-dust p. 3941 (H. I 173). xi h 48 m -8, N. 37 26'. Large in dark nights ; central blaze. 4026 (H. I 223). xi h 55 m '3, N. 51 24'. D'A., unusual phenomenon ; very unlike other neb. of the region. Star 10 m g . in centre of slender sharp-pointed ray, 4' X2O". 4258 (H. V 43). xn h I5 m -o, N. 47 45'. Large, oval, bright, best defined at sides ; nucleus s, like Androm. neb. on small scale. D'A., 10' X2|'. Spectrum continuous. L.P., spiral. 5322 (H. I 256). xm h 46 m< 6, N. 60 35'. Bright ; nucleus. URSA MINOR. This constellation is distinguished by a still more in- appropriate length of tail than its larger neighbour, by which, as Sm. observes, it is swung round every twenty-four hours. At its extremity stands the most valuable star in the heavens, Polaris, i 7' from the polar point, which, from the 248 THE STARRY HEAVENS. precession of the equinoxes, it will approach as near as 26' 30", its nearest, A.D. 2095. DOUBLE STARS. a (2793). i b 3i m 7> N. 88 53' : 2, 9 : 2io'i : i8"- 3 : y., w. Fr., '14 : 2i6'i. Spec. Bin., and slightly var. D., 9 blsh. as I see it. Common test, but only suited for small apertures, being easy with anything much exceeding 2 in. D. has proposed it as a general standard, rinding that 80 on 2-in. will show it if the eye and telescope are good ; he has glimpsed it with if^-in. achr. Dawson has glimpsed it with i-in. T. T. Smith sees it with ij-in. refl. In Dorpat achr. it has been perceived by day. De. gives it 8*4 m*. j3, comes. 15 : 83'3 : 44**7' 2 1583. xi h 55""9, N. 87 26' : 7-5, 8-5 : 2 82'8 : n"-i. jB 799. xm h 2"% N. 73 27' : 6-5, 8-5 : 2387 : o"'6 : '81. Doo., '01 : 248-!. Bin. 027262. xm h 8 m -o, N. 74 24': 7-3, 8'2: i82'5 : 28" : w., reddish. 2 1761. xm h 30 ltt -o, N. 72 8' : 8-5, 9 : 72 : 2o"'i. 2 1771. xm h 34 m -6, N. 70 n' : 7-8, 8-5 : 7O-6 : i"7. 2 1798. xm h 55 m -i, N. 78 47' : 7-5, 9-3 : i63 : f'i. 2 1849. xiv h 20 m -o, N. 77 4' : 8-5, 9 : i'2 : 1^5. Hu. 908. xiv h 54 m -6, N. 78 30' : 6-5, 10 : 266^4 : i"'2. 2 1905. xiv h 56 m -2, N. 71 9' : 8-3, 8-3 : i6o'i : 3 /r -8. 2 1928. xv h 9 m '4, N. 72 45' : 8-5, 9-2 : 227^6 : 6 x/ '6. 2 3125. xv h 24 m> 6, N. 67 21' : 87, 9 : 272'3 : 2 //< 2. 7T 1 (2 1972). xv h 33 m -8, N. 80 43' : 6'i, 7 : 83 : 3o x/ 'i : ysh. Fr., '15, yw., blsh. w. Easily found np J. 2 1980. xv h 37 m -6, N. 81 19' : 8-5, 9 : 53'9 : io /x . 772 (2 1989). xv h 44 ffi< o, N. 80 14' : 7-1, 8'i : 24'! : 0^7. VIRGO. 249 A., '06 : iii'i : o"'i. Bin. 115 yrs. ? in elon- gated orbit. Now widening with decreasing angle. 2 2034- xv b 58 m - 4 , N. 83 51' : 7'5, 8 : 115 : i"'4 ' ysh. Z 2066. xvi b 24 m -i, N. 76 31' : 9, 9 : 58'4 : 5"- Hu. 917. xvi h 46 m -8, N. 77 37' : 6, 12 : i9i'9 : 3". 2:2179. xvn h 2i m '5, N. 72 40' : 8-2, 8-8 : 2i3'3 : 5"'5- 027 34 o. xvn h 3 2 m -5, N. 86 57' : 7-8, 83 : 237^ : 3^5- Fr., '14 : 229'3. STAR WITH REMARKABLE SPECTRUM, AND VARIABLES. Es.-Birm. 399. xiv h io m '6, N. 69 49' : 53 : III : Du. S (var.). xv h 32 m '6, N. 78 54' : 7-5-11 : 324 d : Fleming. E (var.). xvi h 3i m -o,N.72 25' : 9-2-10-6: Irreg. : Pickering. VIRGO. A constellation especially remarkable for those possessed of adequate optical means, on account of the wonderful nebulous region, in which a far greater number of these extraordinary bodies are accumulated than in any other equal area of the heavens, H. having detected within its boundaries no less than 323. Few of them, however, are individually interesting ; it is the mysterious thronging together of these objects, whatever may be their nature, that opens such a field for curiosity. They are in general so much alike that 1 have only adduced a few as specimens. They are profusely scattered over this quarter of the sky ; but the region more especially referred to is pretty well defined to the naked eye by the stars e, 5, y, 77 and j8 Virg. and )3 Leonis. Spica, the leader, was found by Vogel to be a spec. Bin. Per., 4 days. 250 THE STARRY HEAVENS. DOUBLE STARS. 2 1560. xi h 34 m< 3, S. i 59' : 6, 10-2 : 28o'6 : 5"*! : v.y., o : comes glimpsed ? 3^ -in. Sa., bl. De., 6*2, 97- 2 1568. xi h 39 m -2, N. i 13' : 8-9, 9-1 : 22i'3 : 9". Vars. ? De., 97, 9-8. h. 1201. xi h 46 m *6, N. 12 41' : ]8, 6-3, 11-5 : 190-! : 15". 27 1575- xi h 47 m - 9 , N. 9 17' : 7, 8 : 20 9 -8 : 3 o"'6. 27 1580. xi h 5i m '4, N. 4 o' : 8, 9 : 261 : 8"'8. 2 1591. xi h 57 m - 4 , N. o 4 : 8, 8 : 3 53'8 : 53"'8. & '05 : 52"-6. 12 m., j8, 52-6 : 23"'9. S 1593. xi h 59 m '4, S. 2 o' : 8-3, 8-3 : i8'2 : i"^. 2 1604. xn h 5-3, S. 11 24' : 6-5, 9 : 9 3 '3 : 12". )8, '05 : go7 : io"-6. A 7-8 : 9 6 - 9 : 58". '31. p t Sg-g: 35^1- P-m. Z 1 1605. xn h 6 m> 4, S. i 4/ : 8, 8-5 : 278'4 : 23 x/ -5. 2 1618. xn h n m -o, N. 10 2/ : 8-5, 8-5 : 2447 : 25 /x -8. E 1619. xn h n-i, S. 6 48' : 7-5, 7-8 : 287-6 : j"-8. Bowyer, '12 : 277'9 : f'^. r.m. 2 1627. xnh M' 1 * S. 3 30' : 5-9, 6-4 : I96'3 : 2O // 'i. H., equal 1785, 1786. nf. decidedly the largest, '51. Er., 0-5 m g . diff. '77. De., 6, 6'6. 2 1628. xn h i4 m -6, N. 12 15' : 8-5, 87 : 239'3 : 9"'3. 2 1635. xn h i 7 m -o, S. 11 i' : 77, 87 : i73'5 : 13^4- 17 (2 1636). xn h i8 m -5, N. 5 45 X 6-2, 9 : 3367 : 19^3 : grnsh. w., o. Ball, rose, blsh., '51. Bird., w., bl. De., 6, 8'9 : y., purple. Fr., yw., blsh., '15. 2, c.p.m. Sa., 2 neb. /, a little s ; brighter, G.C. 4324- 2:1647. xnh 26m- 5' N - I0 I0 ' : 7*5^ 7' 8: 202 : x// ' 2 Greenw., '12 : 224'2 : i^. 27 1649. xn h 27 m '5, S. 10 39' : 7-2, 8 : 194-! : 15^-2. VIRGO. 251 2 1659. xn h 3i m -6, S. 11 36' : 8, 8'i : 35i'9 : 27^1, an ii m*. : 68*9 : 3o" - 9, being left behind, now 36"'4. De. notices that this triangularly arranged triple is within a large triangle, 7, 7'2, 9*5. E 1661. xn h 32 m -o, N. 11 51' : 8-5, 8-5 : 226 : 2"'6. Furner, '12 : 24i'5. S 1665. xn h 34 m '6, S. 4 53' : 8-5, 9 : 97 : 8"'8. E 1668. xn h 36 m '9, N. 9 16' : 7-5, 9 : I96'9: 1*7. " y (2 1670). xn h 37-7, S. i o' : 3, 3 : 277^9 : 2^4 : ysh. '25. This wonderful pair has been widening ever since they closed up out of all telescopic reach in 1836 (except at Dor pat, where 848 still showed elongation, I5i'6 : 0^*3) and a very moderate instrument will now suffice for them. Now at nearly greatest distance. Ph., '14 : 325'4 : 6". /3, period 1937 years. Lewis, 182 years. Ha., greatest dist. 6"'3, least o"'5. 2 thought them alternately var., with possible period of at least several yrs. Humboldt suggested slow axial rota- tion in each. j3, comes, 14-5 : I59'4 : 53"'i, and pair in field (j8 607), 3" p : 8-5, n : 3I5'8 : i"'2. Fixed. 31 03 924). xn h 37 m '9, N. 7 15' : 5, 11-5 : 29 : 3"'9- S 1677. xn h 4i m -2, S. 3 27' : 7, 8 : 348'4 : i$"'g. H 1681. xn h 45 m -5, N. 4 15' : 8-5, 8-5 : i 9 3'5 : 8 /x '5. 2:1682. xn h 47 m -2, S. 9 54 X : 67, 9: 3 o8 '8 : 33*7: y., o. Topaz, blsh., or purp., '51. Hu., '04 : 3 2, S. 18 24'. Cincinnati, 7, 7-2 : 33-8 : 5^1. To me pale y. ? pale bl., '52. Sa., ysh., rdsh., '76. Fr., y., bl., contrast, '77. Sa., 11 m g . sp. ft, pair i m 46 8 /, 6' s : 8, 8'6 : 36'3 : $"-g. a 434. xm h 10-7, S. 10 56' : ft, 7, 8 : 52'5 : 6 4 /7 '6 : '81, 7i /x -2, '02, from p.m. in 7 (o"'4 annually). Fr., w., bl., '77. Other stars in group. 2 1734. xm h i6 m -6, N. 3 21' : 7-2, 7-9 : igS '! : 0*7. Chapman, '12 : i86'2 : i"^. S 1738. xm b i9 m -6, S. 14 30' : 8-2, 8-3 : 283'5 : 4"-!. jS 610. xm h I9 m> 6, S. 20 31' : 6-8, 10-5 : i8'3 : 4". Z 1740. xm h i9 m -6, N. 3 7' : 7-1, 7-2 : 2 1742. xm h 20 m -2, N. i 49' : 7-4, 7-9 : 351 ft 114. xm h 3o m> i, S. 8 I2 X : 7-6, 8 : De., 137-! : 1^5. 2 1757. xm h 30 m -2, N. o 6 7 : 7-8, 8-9 : 21 : i"^. Elong. ? '51. A., '06 : 79'9 : 2"'$. Bin. Morton, comes, 11-5, est. 160 : 40". Doo., '07 : I53'2 : 42 // '2. xm h 30 m '4, S. 12 48': 6-1, 66: 8i'2 : o^; - VIRGO. 253 comes, 12-4 : I53'6 : 25"-!. Believed by Schm., '66, var. 5-8, but mentioned by Persian astronomer, Sufi, 10 cent. Gould also found var., Sawyer none. Rejected by Chandler. 81(^1763). xm h 33 m '4, S. 7 28': 7-5, 7'5 : 39: 2*7. Sa., minute bl. comes, np. ^1764. xm h 33 m 7, N. 2 48' : 7,87: 3i7 : 16" : y., ash. 2 1773. xm b 37 m -6, N. 8 i' : 9, 9, 9-5 : 2og'&, I02'4 : 84(2:1777). xm*39-i,N.35/: 5*, 8-2: 235'4: 3"'4 : y., v. bl. Difficult, 3^-in. Wa., 2j-in., '74. Ph., '13: 230'8. ^1775. xm h 39""3, S. 3 52': 7, 97: 3357 : 2 7"'7 - ysh., o. 97 seen, much out of focus with strong moon, '52. Fr., 9-5, '77. De., 6-5, 10. 86 (2 1780 rej.). xm h 4i m 7, S. 12 i' : )8, 5-8, 10-5 : i64'6 : 27 //> 2. j8, doubles each (]3 935), 5'8, 10 : 299'6 : i x/ 7 and 10-5, ii'2 : 275'9 : 2 //> 2. S 1781. xm h 42 m -i, N. 5 31' : 7-8, 8-2 : 240^4 : 1^4 : yw. Ph., '14 : 283-o : o 7 '^. 2 1788. xm h 5o m -8, S. 7 40' : 67, 7-9 : 54 : 2 /x '4. Doo., '05 : 77'4 : 2 /x -8. Clearly divided, '80. Heis, 6m*. 2 1790. xm h 5i m '9, S. 4 14' : 8'6, 87 : 240'8 : 5^-3. r (Wi. 432). xm h 57 m -6,N. i56' : South, 4, 9 : 290 : 79 // '3. E 1799. xiv h o m -6, S. 6 n' : 8, 9-2 : 283 : 4" : w., blsh. 2 1805. xiv h 5 m '9> N 4 24' : 8-4, 8-5 : 3 o-5 : 4"'6- 2 1807. xiv h 7 m -2, S. 2 57' : 7-8, 8 : (28'5) : f'i. 2 1819. xiv h n m '3, N. 3 30' : 7-9, 8 : 84*9 : i" : ysh. Alcocks, '14 : 344-8 : i /7 -2. |3 116. xiv h I5 m '2, S. 13 20' : 77, 8-2 : 277^4 : 3". j8 225. xiv b 2i m> o, S. 19 37' : De., 6, with double comes (7-3, 8-2 : ioi'9 : i"'4) at 295^5 : 35* 254 THE STARRY HEAVENS. 27 1842. xiv h 23 m -o, N. 4 3' : 8-7, 87 : (i4'8) : 2"'8. < (27 1846). xiv h 24 m -i, S. i 52' : 5-2, 97 : io8-8 : 3*7 : y., o. Hu., '04 : iio 0> 5 : 4 // 7. Comes not seen, '54. Wa., 2|-in. '74. De., 9-4. 27 1869. xiv h 38-5, S. 5 3/ : 8, 9 : I32'6 : 26". 27i88i. xiv h 43 m -o, N. i 19': 7, 9-3: 357'9 : 3"'6: v.w., ash. j3 1113. xiv h 43 m '4, N. 2 5' : 6'2, ir8 : i37'i : 4"'5. 2 1904. xv h o m -i, N. 5 48' : 346'4 : 9"-6. STARS WITH REMARKABLE SPECTRA, AND VARIABLES. o>. xi h 34 m -3,N.835 / : 6-1: III. D'A. v. xi h 4i m 7, N. 6 59' : 4-3 : III. D'A. Es.-Birm. 337. xi h 54 m 'i, N. 3 56' : 7-5 : R. Webb. III. X (var.). xi h 56 m 7, N. 9 38' : 8 ?-i2 : Peters. RX (var.). xn h o m '7, S. 5 20' : 7-2-8-8 : Irr. Fleming. RW (var.). xn h 3 m 'i, S. 6 19' : 7-1-8-3 : Irr. Fleming. T (var.). xn h io m '5, S. 5 35' : 87-13-5 : 339^5. Bo- guslawski. SS (var.). xn h 2i m 'i, N. i 13' : 7-8 : Irr. B. IV. Wolf finds var. 4 m g8 . photographically. Wendell, visually, O"5 m g . Es.-Birm. 352. xn h 26^3, N. 4 51' : 8*5 : Rosse. III. Y (var.). xn h 29 m '8, S. 3 59' : 8-6-14-5 : 2i8 d '8 : Henry. R (var.). xn h 34 m '4, N. 7 26' : 6-4-12-1 : I45 d> 4 : Harding, RU (var.). xn h 43 m> 2, N. 4 35' : 8-12 : 44O d : Roy. 35. xii h 43 m -8, N. 4 o' : 6-7 : III : Vogel. U(var.). xn h 47 m -i, N. 5 59' : 7-5-13-5: 206^9 : Harding. 0. xn h 5o m -2, S. 9 6' : 5-2 : III : D'A. 8. xn h 5i m -6, N. 3 50' : 3 : III : ' Bellissima: Se. RT (var.). xn h 58 m '6, N. 5 37' : 8-9 : Irr. : Fleming, another var., 10-3-11*5, 12 s p. Var. xm h 9 m< 9, S. 2 22 X : 7-4-8-8 : Irr. : Fleming. VIRGO. 255 a. xm h I3 m '6, N. 5 53' : 5-2 : III : Vogel. W (var.). xra b 2i"-9,S.258 / : 87-10-4 : if '2 : Schonfeld. V(var.). xm h 23 m 7,S.2 45': 8-14: 250^5: Goldschmidt. 74. xm b 27 m -8, S. 5 40' : 5-1 : III : Vogel. S (var.). xm h 28 m '8, S. 6 47' : 5-6-12-3 : 376 d '9 : Hind. RR (var.). xiv h o m '6, S. 8 49' : 11-15 : 217* Peters. Z (var.). xiv h 6 m 'O, S. 12 56' : 9-15 : 307^5 : Palisa. RS (var.). xiv h 23 m> 3, N. 5 2' : 8-1-12-3 355 d Fleming. NEBULA. 4192 (M. 98). xn h 9 m 7, N. 15 21'. Long ray. h., 10' ; D'A., nucleus. 4216 (H. I 35). xn h I2 m '8, N. 13 36'. Long, shuttle- like nucleus. E. of Rosse, 15'. 4254 (M. 99). xn h I4 m< 8, N. 14 52'. E. of Rosse, won- derful spiral. Key, resolvable, i8-in. ' With ' spec. So D'A. 4303 (M. 61). xn h I7 m '8, N. 4 55'. Faint ; bright centre, E. of Rosse, spiral. 4406 (M. 86). xn b 22 m 'i, N 13 23'. h., very bright, resolvable ? nf, G.C. 4435, 4438. In this neighbourhood Lowe sees 7 nebulae in large field with fine I5j-in. Calver. 4472 (M. 49). xn h 25*7, N. 8 27'. Bright ; D'A., illustris, grandis, and resolved. Faint haze in beautiful position between two 6 m g . stars. Bright open pair s, 3 j^-in. 4501 (M. 88). xn h 28 m -o, N. 14 52'. Long, pale ; D'A., 7'xiJ'; nucl. In wonderful nebulous region, h., ray 8'xi'. E. of Rosse, spiral ? Marvellous region as swept with 64 ; identification difficult. 4526 (H. I 31). xn h 30 m -o, N. 8 8'. h., very bright. 4594 (H. I 43). xn b 35^8, S. 11 11'. Long, h., 5' X3O", nucl. and dark cleft. Beautiful low-powered field : fine and singular 7 m g . group np. 4649 (M. 60). xn h 39 m '6, N. 11 59'. Double; p 256 THE STARRY HEAVENS. extremely faint. Not seen 3i%-in. In large field with M. 59 np, and H. II 70 sp, like a hazy star. 4697 (H. I 39). xii h 44 m '5, S. 5 22'. h., very bright. 4699 (H. I 129). xn h 44 m '9, S. 8 14'. h., very bright. 4754, 4762 (H. II 74, 75). xn h 4 8' n -3, N. 11 45'. In one field. 4762 like a paper kite ; beautifully grouped with 3 stars. D'A. and E. of Rosse, long bright ray, nucl. 5634 (H. I 70). xiv h 25 m - 4 , S. 5 3 /. SmaU. h., re- solved, stars 19 m g . D'A., beautiful, bl. with Eed star (Es.-Birm. 404), 8 m*. (var. ? Es.) sf. Prettily grouped. 5846 (H. 1 128). xv h 2 m '4, N. 1 55'. h., very bright. VULPECULA AND ANSER. Two little modern asterisms, arranged by Hevel. Grand sweeping ; few coloured stars. DOUBLE STARS. 2 2445. xix h i m '3, N. 23 12' : 6-3, 8 : 263 ! 5 : 12"'! : v.w., ashy. 2:2455. xix h 3-5, N. 22 2': 7-3, 8-3: i44-5: 4 "-g. Bowyer, '12 : 7i'8 : 3^6. r.m. S 2457. xix h 3 m 7, N. 22 28' : 7-2, 87 : 2Oi'3 : io"'i. 2 (j8 248). xix h i4 m -3, N. 22 53' : 5-8, 9-6 : 127^7 : 2". S 2499. xix h I5 m -i, N. 21 48' : 8-1, 8-4 : 329'4 : 2 x/ '6. OZS 181. xix h i6 m '9, N. 26 30' : De., 6'2, 6-3 : 5 : 54"'6 : Ky., azure. Es., lovely. Fr., '13 : 3'3 : 56"'4. ^2504. xix h i7 m '5, N. 18 59': 6-4, 8-1 : 288'3 : 8"'g : yw., blsh. Fr., '15 : 284'8. 2:2515. xix h 2i m 'i, N. 21 22': 8,9: i8'3: 18^7. ft '05: 29-6: 9 /x '8. r.m. 2 3111. xix h 21*7,. N. 21 41' : 9, 9*3 : i2O'i : 2 // '5. VULPECULA AND ANSER. 257 2:2523. xix h 23 m -3,N.2io': 7-3, 7-4 : I5i'5 : 6"'2. 6, 8. xix h 25 m '4, N. 24 30' : 4, 5 : deep and pale y., in beautiful field 3 nearly s from ft Cygni. Separating. Doo., pair, i m 29" /, 30' n, 10, n : 322 : o"'g. E 2540. xix h 29 m '8, N. 20 14' : 7-5, 9 : I497 : 5"' 1 : w., blsh. 9 ( 1130). xix h 3i m -o, N. 19 36' : 5-5, 14 : 3i'3 : 9^-5. Situated in a remarkable little asterism, as seen with an opera glass ; six stars in a line. ^2548. xix h 33 m -i, N. 24 49' : 8,9: ioo-8 : q"^. ft 658. xix h 4o m -6, N. 26 57' : 6-5, 10 : 295^ : o"-6. 2:2584. xix h 44 m -9, N. 22 o' : 8-5, 8-5 : 299^ : i"-g. 02:388. xix b 49 m -o, N. 25 39': 7-6, 7-6: i 4 o'5 : 3*7. Triple, 8'8 : 139-! : 26"'6. S I 48. xix h 49 m -8, N. 20 7' : 67, 6-8 : I47'9 : V"'*- Another pair (Z 2595 rej.) p, followed by a minute star (5j-in.), makes up a pretty group. Ho. 584. xix b 58 m -o, N. 25 58' : 6-5, 12 : 226'4 : 2 / '*3. 16 (02:395). xix h 58 m -6, N. 24 43 X : 5-8, 6-2 : 7i3 : o /7 -6. Bryant, '12 : IO4'4 : o/ ''6. 2:2631. xx h 3 m 7,N.2052': 8,9-4: 342'! : 4"'4 : ysh.,o. Rsh. 2:2655. xx h io m -6, N. 21 59' : 7-5, 7-5 : 3 : 6 / '-i. j8 983. xx h ii m> 9, N. 25 21' : 6;i, 10-2 : I54'9 : o// '9- 2 2692. xx h 27 m -6, N. 26 13' : 8, 9 : 303 : 25"y Comes, 12-5: 157: ID". S 2695. xx h 28 m '5, N. 25 32' : 6-2, 8 : 76^5 : o"'8. 2:2698. xx b 30 m '4, N. 27 56' : 8-1,9: 305'6 : 4"-!. 2:2724. xx b 40^9, N. 23 39' : 8-2,83: 325^7 : 2 // '5. 2:2761. xxi h 3 m '9, N. 24 5' : 87,9-2: II2'2 : $"-4. 2:2769. xxi h 6 m '9, N. 22 8': 6-5, 7-5: 300'9 : w., '30 : 7'5> 9- in - s P ec - '73 I so Fr., '76. ft 447. xxi h 20 m '5, N. 24 58' : 6-2, 127 : 330'4 : VOL. II. 258 THE STARRY HEAVENS. STARS WITH REMARKABLE SPECTRA, AND VARIABLES. Es.-Birm. 586. xix h i m '4, N. 23 12' : 87 : pale R. Webb. Es.-Birm. 589. xix h 5 m '3, N. 24 3' : 7 : R. Con. des Temps. III. Var. ? RS (var.). xix h I4 m '2, N. 22 18' : 7-5-? : 4*5 : Algol type. Astbury. Es.-Birm. 597. xix h i6 m 'i, N. 22 25' : 77 : R. Webb, ii. xix h 44 m '3, N. 27 7'. Anthelm's Nova, 3rd m g . disappearing after two years, and not seen since. Es.-Birm. 624. xix h 44 m '8, N. 22 34' : 77 : Or. : W. S (var.). xix h 45 m 'i, N. 27 5' : 8-4-10 : 67^5 : Baxendell. Es.-Birm. 677. xx h 3i m> 2, N. 28 2'. E. of Rosse, R. star in cl. Es. var. ? 87-9-3 : III, another, 9-5, R. sp. U (var.). xx h 33 m '2, N. 20 n' : 6-5-7-6 : 7 d> 9 : Miiller and Kemf. Es.-Birm. 690. xx h 45 m '3, N. 22 42' : 8 : III : D'A. T (var.). xx h 48 m 'i, N. 27 57' : 5-5-6-1 : 4^4 : Sawyer. R (var.). xxi h o m '8, N. 23 30' : 7-5-12-1: I36 d< 8 : Bonn. NEBULA. Some of my readers may perhaps feel that I have allotted an undue proportion of space to minute and inconspicuous objects. It may be so. I may have erred in supposing that others might receive as much pleasure as myself from their contemplation : yet a multitude, especially of the minuter pairs, have been passed by, as well as a great mass of re- marks on the beauty or singularity of those which have been selected. But, should I have failed in communicating to others a portion of my own interest as to some parts of this list, it will be closed with a nebula which I think will not be found disappointing. THE DUMB-BELL NEBULA, M. 27, IN VULPECULA. Photographed at the Lick Observatory VULPECULA AND ANSER. 259 6853 (M. 27). xix h 56 m -i, N. 22 30'. The ' Dumb Bell ' Nebula, just visible with a ij-in. finder. In a rich field we find two oval hazy masses in contact, of which p seems to me the brighter, as it did to H. His reflector failed to resolve it, but showed the dark notches (which, as Darby remarks, are usually represented too deep) filled in and made pro- tuberant by faint luminosity, converting the whole figure into an ellipse. The Earl of Rosse's 3-ft. speculum was thought to reach its starry components : his 6-ft. surrounds it with an external ring having a neck like a retort. Bond's achr. also seemed to resolve it, but there, as in D'A.'s figure, the form shown in small instruments is lost. The minute stars in it, of which I picked out two or three with 5 j-in. achr, and 8-in. silvered glass, and Denning sees 7 with lo-in. spec., are admirable tests for superior telescopes. Ingall has claimed 18 with 5j-in. dialyte, from keenness of vision, and Se. has drawn many more. They seem, how- ever, to be merely part of the host of the Galaxy ; for Huggins finds there, by simultaneous comparison, nothing but luminous gas. A star in the centre, 13 m g ., but on photos 11*7 m g ., is probably the nucleus. And here the magnificent apostrophe of Kepler, which closes his specula- tions on the habitability of our own Sun, may well express our feelings, and form at the same time a most appropriate conclusion to the varied scenes which have passed in review since we commenced these pages : ' Abrumpo consulto et somnum et speculationem vastis- simam : tantum illud exclamans cum Psalte Rege : ' Magnus Dominus noster, et magna virtus ejus, et sapi- entise ejus non est numerus : laudate eum cceli, laudate eum Sol, Luna, et Planetse, quocunque sensu ad percipiendum, quacunque lingua ad eloquendum Creatorem vestrum uta- mini : laudate eum harmonise cselestes, laudate eum vos 260 THE STARRY HEAVENS. harmoniarum detectarum arbitri : lauda et tu anima mea Dominum Creatorum tuum, quamdiu fuero : namque ex ipso et per ipsum et in ipso sunt omnia, KCU TO. alo-OrjTa KOL TO. voepd; tarn ea quse ignoramus penitus, quam ea quse scimus, minima illorum pars ; quia adhuc plus ultra est. Ipsi laus, honor, et gloria in ssecula sseculorum ! AMEN.' APPENDIX I. STARLESS FIELDS. Several of these curious vacancies, through which we seem to gaze out into an uninterrupted infinity, have been mentioned by H. ; but an extended list is to be found in the Cape Observations of his son, from which the following are selected as favourably situated for observation hi northern latitudes. They are interesting not only from their peculiar aspect, but from the facility which they obviously afford for the detection of variable stars. The places have not been altered from the last edition, it being unnecessary for this class of Objects. No. R. Asc. Dec. Constell. No. B. Asc. Dec. Constell . h. in. o / h. in. o I 137 S 427 Get. 18 xvi 33 S 24 o Scorp. 2 148 S 1038 i 19 xvi 33 S 2353 3 H53 S 549 End. 20 xvi 40 S 21 4 Oph. 4 1x37 Ni7 16 Leo. 21 XVI 46 S 1522 5 XVI II S 2427 Scorp. 2 22 xvn 15 S 2645 6 xvi 13 S 21 24 3 23 XVH2I S 2648 7 xvi 15 S 2 3 2 4 2 4 xvn 22 S 26 40 9 8 xvi 16 S 19 14 Oph. 6 25 xvn 22 S 26 14 9 xvi 16 S 2341 6 26 xvn 26 S 847 10 xvi 17 S 23 10 7 27 xvn 26 S 2542 ii xvi 24 S 23 10 Scorp. 8 28 xvn 27 S 2559 12 xvi 24 82332 29 xvn 28 S 2552 13 XVI 26 S 22 58 3 xvn 32 S 923 10 H XVI 26 82431 31 xvn 56 S 447 Serp. 15 xvi 29 S 24 12 32 xvm 10 S 744 16 xvi 29 S 2421 33 xvm 16 878 17 xvi 30 S 23 7 Oph. , 3 Ditto.' Nearp and ith long attention one 17 in-', star. 262 APPENDIX II. APPENDIX II. SOUTHERN TELESCOPIC OBJECTS. DOUBLE STABS. The following list has been kindly drawn up by Professor Innes, of the Union Observatory, Johannesburg. It contains stars brighter than 6*5, and with less distance than 20", south of Decl. 31, and thus follows out the scheme of the northern section of this vol. Mr. Innes is strongly convinced that it is better in the case of a double star to give the difference of magnitude between the stars rather than absolute magnitudes. In the second col. of the table therefore the magnitude is that of the brighter star, and in the third the differ- ence between them. Under the heading * Date,' the latest measures are given. Mr. Innes has supplied an elaborate series of notes, the most important of which will be found at the end of the table. A. DOUBLE STARS. Name. Mag. Diff. R.A. 1920. Decl. S. p. D. Date. h. m. ' o H L 9721. 5'8 5'2 o 2'2 49 31 I77"4 57 '01 L 974- 6'3 3-2 5-0 54 26 292-0 0-8 '01 fi z Touc. 4'5 i'3 27-9 63 24 270*2 0-7 '12 (I) Phcen. 5'8 4 '4 38-1 56 56 253-1 12-6 '8 7 rj Phcen. 4-5 7-0 39-8 57 44 217-7 19-7 'oq 64 Touc. 6'2 1-9 41-2 62 56 69-1 2'5 'oo 1,207. 5-8 7*3 42-0 47 57 306-6 I43 '01 B Phcen. 3 '3 O'O i 2-5 47 9 12-5 i'i 'II (2) Phcen. 4'i 4*3 5*o 55 4 1 242-2 6-1 '0 7 K Touc. 5-o 27 I 3' 69 18 35'4 5"i 'ii (3) h. 3426. 6-3 3-0 14*3 66 50 339-o 1-9 '87 I 447 . 6-3 3'5 28-3 45 59 3 2 '08 p Erid. 5'3 O-I 367 56 36 2i6'9 8'3 '" (4) X Erid. 37 8'3 52-8 52 i 197-2 6-2 'oo h- 3475- 6'5 0-4 527 60 43 5i'4 2'5 'oo (5) h. 3527- 6-3 O'2 n 40-2 40 52 42-7 1-8 '12 rj z Forn. 5'8 4"5 47-0 36 ii 10-7 4-8 '10 6 Erid. 3'i I"O 55 -2 40 37 84-9 8-2 '00(6) I55- I 5 '9 0-8 in 9-6 44 4 170-8 07 '12 (7) h. 3556J 57 4'2 218-1 2-3 'oo SOUTHERN TELESCOPIC OBJECTS. 263 A. DOUBLE STABS. continued. Name. Mag. Diff. E.A. 1920 Decl. S. P. D. Date. h. m. ' n h. 3568. 57 2*0 9'2 79 18 223-9 15*2 '71 X 2 Forn. 6'5 5'0 25-1 36 8 247-4 6-2 '09 h. 3589. 6'5 3*3 41*3 4 55 349-3 4'3 '05 h. 3592. 6'3 2'4 42'5 54 32 12-3 5'6 '97 /fed. 6'2 4'4 7'2 0-6 447 36 22 45 '6 37 53 44-0 207-2 2'2 7'5 ; 97 '09 Russ. 38. 6'5 I '2 iv 0-5 85 31 245-0 2-3 '00 h. 3641. 5*4 4 -0 13-5 62 23 253-8 8-4 '02 L 1430. 6'3 I'l 14-9 61 9 339*0 0-9 '97 h. 3642. 6'3 2'0 15-0 34 6 159-8 6-0 '03 Retic. 6-1 2*1 i6'6 63 27 6-5 3-6 '07 I 3 8 4 . 6-4 7" 1 20-2 35 44 187-0 18-8 'oo Riimk. 4. 6'5 0'3 22-3 57 15 237*9 57 '02 a CsBli. 4*5 7-2 37 '5 42 i 111-9 5-8 '01 h. 3683. 6-4 O'l 387 59 6 80-6 i'5 '03 h. 3697- 6-0 2'6 47-1 41 28 280-9 14-9 '97 i Pict. S* 2 07 487 53 36 59-1 n-i '02 y Cell. 4-6 5'2 v i'5 35 35 3I7-5 2-8 'oo Pict. 63 o'5 22-8 52 23 I95-3 o-5 '12 I 34 6. 5'8 8-1 24-5 41 I i8odb I5 '03 1276. 6-2 03 27-4 68 41 193-4 0-8 '12 L 1922. 6'3 4*4 29*8 63 59 68-4 8-6 '00 a Colum. 2'8 9'3 367 34 8 358-0 ii"5 'oo 164. 5'6 5'4 49*8 37 39 233-0 187 '00 h. 3834- 5'8 2-9 vi 2-4 45 5 223-4 2-9 '02 A 23. 6-4 3'i 27 48 27 45-2 I -9 '08 (8) h. 3857- 57 3'i 21-2 36 40 2553 12-8 '97 G Puppis. 5'9 2'2 23-6 48 8 129-8 0-9 'II 0753- 5-8 17 257 32 19 43'i IT '98 L 2333- { 5'3 8-6 o-o O'O 27-9 5 " (261-1 \ 117-8 0-6 0-4 '03 03 li Pict. 5-8 2'2 30-8 58 42 232-1 2-4 '94 0755- 5'6 I'O 32-6 36 43 260-6 I'l '97 (9) A 31. 5-o 2-0 357 48 9 3I93 13-2 '02 15- 6*3 2*O 37-1 61 28 271-3 2-9 'oo A 32. 6'3 1-4 39-6 38 19 276-0 7-6 '02 Il79. 6'5 3-4 42*0 30 19 224*2 3'9 '12 1351. 6-4 3*5 42*2 71 41 333-8 10-8 'oo h. 3891- 5 '9 2-9 42-4 30 52 223-8 4'9 'oo Ii 57 . 6-4 2'8 45"i 54 36 348-I 17 '01 I 159. 6-4 4-8 47-6 45 21 323-6 6-3 '00 (10) 264 APPENDIX II. A. DOUBLE STARS. continued. Name. Mag. Diff. B.A. 1920. Decl. S. P. D. Date. h. m. ' it I 65. 6-2 0-5 53H 35 23 216-3 0-3 '03 A 39- 57 I '2 vn 2-0 59 4 80-7 1-9 '12 h. 3928. L'l 2-6 34 40 154-5 3-2 '02 P757- 5'9 2*9 9-6 36 24 69-5 3-0 '3 Y Volant. 37 1-8 9'5 7 22 13-6 '02 L 2735- 6-1 "4 n'3 63 3 157-1 0'5 '02 Riimk. 6. 5'9 0-6 18-4 52 10 21-0 8-8 '02 h. 3966. 63 o-i 22 "o 37 8 I43-5 6-8 '02 d 2 Puppis. 57 27 36-9 37 57 1517 i "5 '02 h. 3997- 6*5 O'l 37-0 74 6 II5-0 1-8 '12 (II) Vol. 3]9 57 42-8 72 24 Il6'2 16-9 '01 1 161 4-0 44-6 38 18 84-0 io'6 '02 A 88. 5'5 8-3 47-4 56 12 185-1 5*8 '97 Howe 8. 5'o 37 49-3 34 3 285-6 2-8 '12 (12) A 91. 6-0 o-i 53'2 43 38 302-4 0-4 '97 N Puppis. 5*i 7'5 54'6 43 53 35-8 9-8 '97 (13) I 26. 6-1 0-8 55-0 47 40 32-4 0-6 'ii V Puppis. Var. /5'9 \ O'2 } 55-9 49 i f 72-2 I 49*9 6-8 \ 187 / '97 (14) A 63. 6-4 I'D vm 7-1 42 24 80-9 5 '5 '07 e Vol. 4'5 3'2 7-6 68 22 23*5 6-1 '00 A 96. io-o 46 i 281 o- 3 '97 C Carin. 5*3 2'5 14-1 62 39 61-0 3-6 '97 h. 4073. '5 14*2 37 7 177-9 '10 h. 4085. 5 "2 6-2 18-3 36 13 270-0 6-1 '95 B Velor. 4'9 1-8 20-1 48 13 140-6 0-8 '13 h. 4093. 6-2 0-3 23 '3 38 47 1227 8-0 '07 A Velor. 5'5 27 26-5 47 40 240-7 37 '02 A 70. 5*i i"4 26-8 44 27 35i-o 4'3 '02 I 168. 6 -5 3 "5 28-0 24 28 79-0 3'3 '02 h. 4107. 6-2 1-9 28-5 38 48 '10 Sellors 8. 5-8 29-9 52 56 300-2 0-8 '13 I 195. 6-2 27 31-4 37 20 42-4 23 'oo (15) h. 4125. 5'4 4'9 35 -9 62 34 2337 8-0 '72 (16) I 314* 2'5 36-3 36 19 239-4 i-o 'oo Cord. 18. 5 ' 2 3 '5 37'4 39 58 63-2 3-8 5 I2 h. 4128. 6-4 07 37'5 60 2 217-1 1-6 '12 h. 4130. 6-4 2'6 38-8 57 15 227*2 3'5 '97 SArg. 2'0 4-0 42-2 54 24 166-0 2-4 'II (17) Riimk. 9. 6*3 0-4 43*2 58 26 295-1 4-2 '02 / Velor. 4*9 47 477 46 13 83-6 '97 SOUTHERN TELESCOPIC OBJECTS. A. DOUBLE STABS. continued. 265 Name. Mag. Diff. R.A. 1920. Decl. S. P. D. Date. h. m. ' 1,3609. 5'4 8'0 49-5 66 29 250^ i8 '94 Cape 9. 6'5 2'0 5<>'3 51 49 78-6 3'i II H Velor. 4-8 3-0 53 '9 52 25 343-6 3-o '02 (18) Aio8. 6-1 6-9 57 '4 42 52 45*8 2-8 '97 h. 4165. 5'4 2'0 58-3 51 53 IOI "4 i '3 '01 h. 4178. 6'5 3'4 ix. 27 57 32 165-6 3'4 'oo AArg. 2 '2 II -8 5'i 43 7 J 337 17-1 '97 h. 4188. 57 '5 9'5 43 17 282-0 3'i 02 z Velor. 5 '2 4' 1 11-4 42 54 117 5'6 '97 I n 6'3 1*2 12-3 45 13 275-0 0-8 'n k Velor. 47 8*3 12-5 37 5 1257 n-3 '97 1358. 5'4 6-8 16-2 68 21 132-4 18-1 '01 L 3846. 5 '4 4-6 0-6 | 17-6 74 33 /3407 \264-6 7-0 0-3 'oo '02 h. 4213. 6-0 3 '4 23-5 61 36 326-3 8-8 '76 * Antl. 5 '9 0-8 27*3 31 32 210-2 8-2 '07 fy Arg. 3'6 2'0 27-5 40 7 IlS'3 i -i '12 (I 9 ) h. 4220. 5 '4 0-6 30-9 48 39 210*0 37 '08 Kuss. 125. 6-5 3 '5 33 '5 4 8 23 1677 3*2 '98 A 115. 5*5 O'O 34 '5 53 18 162-6 0-6 'II uArg. 31 3*9 45-1 64 41 128-6 5'o 'II A 81. 5'8 2*1 5ii 44 54 238-6 5'5 '97 Harg. 47. 6'3 i'5 x i -i 61 29 353-8 i '4 '99 Ii73- 5 '2 2-4 3-0 46 58 57 '4 0'5 '01 L 4203. 6-1 {2-4 141 } 7'5 68 17 |i 4 i-9 1 4 '2 07 25*9 'ii '01 h. 4306. 6-2 O'O 16-6 64 15 I37'8 2'2 '86 J Velor. 4-6 3 '4 I7-9 55 38 105-2 7'2 97 (20) s Velor. 5'6 0-3 28-5 44 39 217-4 133 '03 p Velor. 4'i o\5 33*9 47 48 267-0 '5 '97 t Carin. 47 2'8 357 58 46 20'I T 47 '10 u'Arg. 2-8 3'5 43 '3 4 8 59 61-6 2*5 '00(21) 8 Cam. 5 '5 0-3 44*5 80 2 653 0-6 '12 Russ. 161 6-1 1*0 46-2 58 54 271-6 1-6 '97 (22) h. 4383- 61 0-8 51 1 7 17 281-2 I'2 '92 I 211. 5-8 4*o 553 33 18 1787 1-5 '13 Russ. 164. 6'3 3*5 56-0 60 53 817 3-8 '02 h. 4409. 5 '3 3'8 xi 3-6 42 ii 270-0 1-9 '97 h. 4423. 6'5 0-3 127 45 26 280-4 2'6 '13 7T Centauri. 4 '3 i '4 X 7*4 54 3 128-2 0-5 '12 h. 4432. 5'3 I'2 19-9 64 31 298-1 1 2-4 '13 266 APPENDIX II. A. DOUBLE STARS. continued. Name. Mag. Diff. R.A. 1920. Decl. S. P. D. Date. h. m. ' I 883. 5*9 0'2 23-1 52 47 2707 o'4 'ii A log. 5*3 2'5 247 47 14 167-1 133 '01 O Centauri. 5*o 5*5 28-0 59 o 125-8 i5 oo I 78. 5 '5 O'l 297 40 9 89-4 I'2 '10 h. 4455- 5 "9 2 '2 32-6 33 8 243-1 3-3 '10 L 4920. 5'i 2'8 47-9 64 46 161*9 1-6 '12 P Hydne. 4*4 0-4 48-9 33 27 353 '5 1-6 '10 Howe 17. 6'5 2'2 50-4 37 19 279*6 2*1 '13 A 140. 6-4 2"O 527 46 38 198-5 I '97 L 4945. 6'3 3 '5 53 'o 32 53 28 5 j 7 'oo e Cham. 5'o 0-8 55 '6 77 47 186-4 i -i '13 (23) h. 4498. 6-0 17 XII 2'2 65 16 61-6 87 '02 Jacob. 8. 6-1 2'0 5*9 34 16 23-6 3'2 '13 I 4.23. 6'5 4 '5 6'9 44 59 167-0 2 "2 'II (24) Howe 19. 6-4 2 M 9'4 33 21 174-1 I'4 '13 D Centauri. 5'3 1*2 9'8 45 17 244-8 3'5 'ii Russ. 193. 6'3 0- 4 I3'6 35 39 166-3 I -I '10 h. 4518. 6-2 2'I 20-5 40 57 207-6 lO'I '07 x 2 Centauri. 5'8 O*2 21-6 34 45 41-4 O'2 '97 a Crucis. I'O '5 22*1 62 40 118-4 5-0 '02 (25) L 5202. 6'5 7-2 29-6 49 28 loodb i5 '97 1296. 6'5 2-3 34-0 74 56 274-2 1-8 '01 y Centauri. 2-4 OX) 37-0 48 32 1697 I'O 'ii (26) B Muscse. 3 '3 0-3 41-3 67 41 35 '2 i-o 'n (27) L 5299. 6'3 47 477 53 24 21 1 -0 6-4 '03 / Centauri. 5*0 5*8 xm 1-6 47 52 78-8 11-9 '00 Russ. 213. 6-1 0'2 2-5 59 26 26-0 0-8 '12 Muscae. 5'6 J '4 2-9 64 52 187-5 57 '02 1424. 4-8 3 -2 7 '3 59 29 345-5 i '5 '02 (28) A 176. 6-4 6-8 14 '5 59 21 208-6 13-0 '97 Sellers 1 8. 6-3 0-9 18-1 47 31 224-0 0-8 '95 (29) a Centauri. 4-0 0-3 26-4 39 o 104-8 0*2 '97 1365. 5'6 0'2 317 61 17 214-3 0-4 '02 (30) Russ. 223. 6' 4 4*8 31 -9 58 o 22 5'2 '97 Q Centauri. 5 '4 i '4 36-6 54 9 1657 5-0 '09 1223. 6-2 3*i 41*6 62 ii 3I9'4 9-3 'oo (31) Howe 24. 6'5 2'8 44 '3 35 1 8 354'4 ii -6 '12 N Centauri. 5'4 2"O 46-9 52 25 2887 18-2 '97 k Centauri. 4*5 * '4 47-2 32 36 107-3 7 '3 '09 B 343- 6-2 I'O 47*4 31 13 1 12 -8 I '2 '10 (32) h Centauri. 4'8 i'5 48-6 31 32 183-8 I4 ! 3 '03 SOUTHERN TELESCOPIC OBJECTS, A. DOUBLE STARS. continued. 267 Name. Mag. Diff. R.A. 1920. Decl. S. P. D. Date. h. m. ' y Centauri. 5 '6 0*2 48-6 35 16 93 '2 I'O '10 (33) Russ. 227. 6-4 I'O 5i'i 53 42 357*2 1*4 '" (34) h. 4632. 6-2 4 "4 52-4 65 25 14*3 6*5 '00 ft 1197. 6-3 17 58-4 31 18 195-2 1*3 '10 (35) Cordoba 33. 6-5 1-8 xiv 9 -i 61 19 1593 2-6 'ii h. 4672. 57 2-9 15-1 42 41 304-0 4-0 '03 A 159. 4'9 2'0 16-8 58 5 162 'i 9*8 '02 Russ. 244. 2'8 i7'4 47 57 123-4 4*o '02 r 2 Lupi. 4'5 o-i 21'0 45 2 1767 0-3 '02 1^26. 5'5 47 25*0 44 57 311-8 10*4 '02 77 Centauri. 2-6 10-9 30-4 41 48 270-1 5-6 '97 (36) a Lupi. 5'4 2 "5 31-9 45 47 23-6 19*5 '07 a Centauri. 0*1 I -4 34 '3 60 30 216-8 187 '12 (37) a Circini. 3 "4 5*4 36-0 64 37 236-4 15*8 '01 (38) 6 Lupi. 5' 2 6-8 4i'4 52 3 259*9 9-0 '97 1236. 5*6 27 45 "i 72 52 102*4 i*7 '01 0347- 5'9 4-6 497 32 59 319*5 *3'9 '98 h. 4715. 5 '8 I '2 5" 47 33 2777 27 '97 TT Lupi. 4-0 O'2 59-6 46 45 877 i*5 '12 (39) A Lupi. 4'4 o'3 xv 3-4 44 59 193-4 0*6 '02 h. 4734. 5" 6-2 5*3 55 3 246-3 11*4 '97 (40) 1329. 6*5 0-6 7'5 61 3 330-5 0-7 oo I 4 28. 6-0 5 -2 io'i 60 37 316-6 10-6 '01 I 37. . 5'5 7-6 11*4 60 12 117-5 5*2 '02 [i Lupi. 4 '5 0-4 12-9 47 34 134-5 17 '10 (41) 1332. 6-5 2-0 13-3 67 ii 107-6 I -i '01 A 228. 5*6 7 -i 167 60 22 119-6 6-0 '97 (fr 1 Lupi. 3*6 fio'7 [10-2 } 167 35 58 (239-7 1 119-3 167*1 17 -2 / '97 y Circini. 4*5 0*3 16*8 59 2 79-1 I *5 '09 e Lupi. 37 3' 17-2 44 24 276-2 1-4 '02 (42) h. 4776. i -5 25-0 41 38 228-6 5*5 '07 y Lupi. d 2 Lupi. 3-0 4-8 0-2 29-8 40 54 30-4 44 41 90-9 1-5 0-6 2-2 '01 (43) '03 (44) K Z Apodis. 5-8 \ 8-0 } 31-4 73 ii /I20 \26o 15 1 I5J to Lupi. 4*3 7-0 327 42 18 25-8 ii -5 '00 Howe 37. i '4 39-o 41 34 345-6 3]5 'II Riimk. 20. 5 "8 o-o 40-5 64 ii 151-0 '09 A 249. 6-1 7 "9 42'3 37 39 130-2 15-2 '97 1548. 6-2 4-8 447 45 9 168-5 1*8 'ii 268 APPENDIX II. A. DOUBLE STARS. continued. Xame. Mag. Diff. B.A. 1920. Decl. S. P. D. Date. h. m. ' Sellers II. 6-3 i5 48*1 60 30 1337 0-8 '00 1333- 6'5 O'l 487 77 47 95 '2 I '2 '97 h. 4813. 6-0 3 '5 48-8 59 56 98-9 3'6 '97 Lupi. 5 '2 03 5i ' 8 33 43 48-6 10-8 '3 77 Lupi. 3'6 4'i 54-8 38 10 21'2 14 '5 '09 Cordoba 42. 6'5 37 55 '5 4 I2 157 '3 87 '03 t Normse. 4'9 r 0-2 I 3'3 } 57 'o 57 33 (231-8 1248-4 '5 117 '02 '10 (45) L6706. 6-3 7 xvi 4 '4 32 26 85-2 7-8 '97 K Normse. 5'i 8-8 7'i 54 23 209-8 I7-5 '97 A Normse. 5'6 0-9 15-1 42 29 162-5 0-4 '02 I 91. 6'2 4 '4 15 'I 39 14 298-2 97 '03 h. 4843. 6'5 o'5 18-8 33 i 1 53 '2 5 '9 07 L 6912. 5'6 3'4 35-3 48 37 ii -6 17 '97 (46) I'2 266-1 9'5 '97 4 '4 162-0 13*0 oo 4*4 14-8 I3'4 'oo 5*4 I94'5 21 'I 'oo h. 4889. 6'2 2'0 45 '6 37 22 6-1 6-9 '97 L 6983. 6-1 6'3 48-0 63 8 3i5 7 t '97 1567. 6'2 4*5 49*4 4 1 I 270 4 '09 A 316. 6-1 0-8 54-4 48 32 185-6 o'6 '02 L 7086. 6'3 7-0 577 47 3 2 4 7'5 '97 A . 6-1 5'o XVH 0-9 37 7 84-8 7 'I '97 A 320. 5'6 0-6 67 39 25 294-0 0-6 '97 Brisbane. 5'6 27 12-9 46 33 I40-0 23 'n (47) L 7215. 5*9 / 0-6 \4'3 } I3'5 34 9 (258-4 I 133 '5 2*1 303 (48) L 7213. 5*9 II -0 16-0 57 56 187-4 2 'I I 'oo (49) y Arse. 3*5 7-1 187 56 18 329-0 18-1 '02 K Arse. 5 '2 (4-4 \ I'D } 197 50 33 1*59-4 \2747 76-1 47 'oo AB 'oo BC h. 4949. 5'6 I'D 20-9 45 46 262-1 2-6 '02 (50) A 217. 6'5 2-3 23 '2 43 54 170-2 13-3 '81 I 40. 6-3 4-0 25-9 45 59 210-6 17-8 'oo h. 4962. 57 57 29*5 32 32 102*6 57 '07 6 Scorp. 2-0 I2'0 31-6 42 57 316-9 6-8 '97 h. 4978. 5 '9 3-0 44'o 53 36 268-9 12*0 '02 8 1123. 6'2 0- 4 48-0 34 42 220-4 0-3 '97 (5 A 342. 57 0'3 48-0 34 52 2861 *4 '96 I 1013. 6-4 i'5 52'4 39 7 165 o-6 '10 SOUTHERN TELESCOPIC OBJECTS. A. DOUBLE STARS. continued. 269 Name. Mag Diflf. B.A. 1920. Decl. 8. P. D. Date. h. m. ' o L 7542. 5'8 6-0 59'4 35 54 2897 12-6 '00 h. 5014. 5" o-o xvin i-o 43 26 236-8 1-8 'i (52) L 7507. 5 '9 3* i'4 73 4 1 232*1 2-6 '01 h. 5015- 6-4 4*4 2-6 45 47 256-3 4 "I '97 (53) L 7574- 6'3 3'5 9'5 68 16 298-3 2'5 '01 1249. 6-2 4-6 11-9 63 55 4*3 7"i 'oo r) Sagitt. 3-2 7-1 12-2 36 48 I05-3 3*9 '97 Pavonis. 4-2 4-0 15-9 61 32 150-1 3 '3 '2 (54) Howe. 5*4 57 25-8 33 3 197-0 2-9 '00 Russ. 314. 6'2 2'8 39-9 73 5 262-3 1-8 '98 Iii3- 6'5 3-8 52-8 48 37 227-5 2-6 'n Brisbane. 6-0 ' 2 55 "6 37 10 282-5 12 '3 '03 y Cor. Aust. 4*3 o'o xix i*o 37 10 105-0 2-0 'ii (55) Gale. 5'6 2-0 9-2 66 48 39'5 0-8 '01 I 121. 5 '5 1-8 44-0 59 24 89-0 0-6 'oo L 8337. 6'5 0-3 xx 4-5 57 46 227-9 07 '01 h- 5173. 5*3 5'9 5'9 36 18 I22'0 9-0 'oo (56) K* Sagitt. 57 2'0 l8'4 42 41 195 'I i'4 '97 Russ. 321. 6'3 2*2 21 '7 37 40 83H i'3 '<* (57) Riimker 26. 5'8 O'o 45-0 62 44 93 '9 2-4 'ii (58) L 8625. 5*8 0-3 xxi 0-9 73 29 I34"4 8-4 '2 (59) 0Indi. 4-6 2 -5 14-2 53 47 281-5 4-8 'ii 1 Micros. 5*9 *3 I9'3 4 1 21 292*3 I"O 'oo Mel. 6. 5'6 2*1 21 *9 42 54 I45'8 2-9 'oo A Octan. 5'4 2'i 38-9 83 6 79 -6 3-2 'oo 7T 2 Gruis. 5'8 6 7 xxn 18-2 46 20 207-3 4'6 '01 8 Touc. 4-8 3'3 21 7 65 22 281-6 6-8 '99 (60) 8 1 Gruis. 4-0 7-0 24-5 43 54 205 it 6 '10 $771. 5'8 4*5 32'3 4i o 256-1 2-4 '97 Cord. 63. 6'3 4'2 38-1 47 38 131-9 7*9 '02 I 34 o. 6'i 3-0 46-9 63 37 ii -5 i-o '12 v Pise. Aust. 4'5 4*3 481 33 18 264-0 4-0 '09 8 Pise. Aust. 4 '3 5*4 5i '5 32 58 232-6 5'o '09 ft ion. 6'5 3'o 581 36 52 296-1 2*2 '09 Gruis. 4*4 3-0 xxm 2-4 43 58 30-0 I'4 '06 A 246. 6-1 0-5 2-6 51 8 257-6 8-0 '09 A 248. 6-1 27 16-3 50 44 209-9 16-0 '09 Howe. 6'5 2 -9 32-8 32 19 251-2 53 '98 0Pho3n. 6'3 0-6 35-2 47 5 271-2 4'i '09 n- 5437- 6'5 37 56*4 53 32 293-0 2'0 '9i 270 APPENDIX II. NOTES. (1) jS 2 Toucani. Bin., angle decreasing 3 a year. Comes, decidedly yellow, although spectrum is A. 3rd bright star near. (2) ft Phoenicis. Bin., in slow retrograde motion, n m&., 40", nf. (3) K Toucani. Yellow, purp. or blsh. Bin., slow retrograde motion, distance nearly constant at 5". I. 27, 319" np., m^. 7-3, is in direct motion. It has a similar P. motion with K, and forms a quadruple system. (4) p Eridani. Bin. Gore, 302 yrs. Dist. increasing till 1975. Position angle decreases 2 in three years. Assuming that the mass of this system is equal to that of the sun, its parallax would be o"'i6 (20 light years) ; or if it is assumed that its luminosity is equal to the sun's, its parallax would be o"-og (36 light years). (5) h. 3475. Slow increase in angle. (6) Eridani. Very slow increase of angle. Spect. Bin. (?) I 55- Triple system, both comites in retrograde motion. (8) A 23. Fine binary, h. '35 : 342 -5 : 3^-9. (9) j3 755. A 10 ms. at 21". (10) T 159. Orange, bl. (n) h. 3997. Angle increasing slowly. (12) Howe 8. Change doubtful ; good colour contrast. (13) N Puppis. A 13 ms. at 23". (14) V Puppis. Spect. Bin. (15) 1 195. Chief star orange. (16) h. 4125. Angle increasing. (17) 8 Argus. Retrograde motion, n m". 69" away. (18) H Velorum. Fine colour contrast. (19) tfj Argus. Fine binary discovered by Copeland. (20) j Velorum. Slightly var. in magnitude, and var. spectrum. (21) p Argus. Very fine col. contrast. (22) Russell 161. Angle increasing slowly. (23) e Chamelionis. Slow increase in angle. (24) I 423. Good colour contrast. (25) a Crucis. This fine double is prettily situated. It shows no sign of motion, indicating that although its luminosity is high, its mass must be remarkably small. (26) y Centauri. Bin. Per. 88 yrs. (See.). 14 m^. 40" sf. (27) p Muscse. Disc, by Russell, '80. Angle increasing slowly. (28) I 424. Several faint stars about 50" dist. (29) Sellors 1 8. An 8 m*. 38" nf. (30) I 365. Bin. ? c.p.m. Three dist. comites. (31) I 223. Marked col. contrast. (32) ft 343- Motion. (33) y Centauri. Angle increasing. (34) Russell 227. Angle increasing. (35) j8ii97. Angle increasing. SOUTHERN TELESCOPIC OBJECTS. 271 136) 77 Centauri. Spect. composite and var. (37) a Centauri. This fine double star is the nearest star to the solar system. Bin. Per. 83-6 yrs. (Doberck). According to this orbit the place in 1918 should be P. 221 -5, D. 15" -2. The closest approach, 4", will take place in 1939. In mass and spect. the chief star resembles the sun. Several faint stars in field, none of which belong to the system. (38) a Circini. Remarkable colour contrast, yellowish, and red ; angle slowly decreasing. (39) TT Lupi. Arrest of motion since 1886. (40) h. 4734. Angle increasing. (41) /it Lupi. Slow motion. A., 3rd star, 7*2 m e . 23" sf. (42) Lupi. Slow decrease in angle ; 9 m^. 27" s. (43) y Lupi. A puzzling pair, found by h. '35, measured by Jacob, '53 and '56. Single at Sydney, 'yi-'gd. Seen and measured by I., 'oo-'io. All angles comprised between 88 and 95. (44) d Lupi. Angle increasing. (45) i Normse. Close pair. Binary. (46) L 6912. A beautiful multiple star. Spect. of chief star peculiar in having the hydrogen lines narrow. Group of stars /. (47) L 7194. Binary. Good colour contrast. n - 5 m g . star p. (48) L 7215. Ternary, with p.m. of i"'i5. Per. slightly greater than 50 yrs. (49) L 7213. Many fault stars near. (50) h. 4979. Slow decrease in angle. (51) B 1123. In a large cluster. (52) h. 5014. Bui., decrease in angle ; and widening. (53) h- 5 OI 5- Slow decrease in angle. (54) | Pavonis. Good colour contrast. (55) y Coronse Aust. Binary. Per. 152 yrs. Distance will in- crease to 3"'5 (1953)- (56) h. 5173. c.p.m. of I'tf. (57) Russell 321. Binary, in slow motion. (58) Riimker 26. Slow decrease hi angle. (59) L 8625. I doubled 5-8 in 1898. (60) 8 Toucani. Colour contrast. ADDITIONAL DOUBLE STABS. Hu. 1345. i h 3i m '2, S. 57 25' : 6-5, 12 : 201 : 5* -4. Y Argus. vm h 7'! S. 47 5' : 2*2 ; has a bright companion at 42" and two other bright stars near it, making it one of the most beautiful objects hi the heavens. Spect. of bright lines. Brisbane 3574. xi h 2i m> 2, S. 61 13': 7-8, red. One of the most re- markable binaries by reason of its faintness and separation (h. 6"'4, '38 ; I., 6o- 3 : **i, 'n). 272 APPENDIX H. B. STABS WITH REMARKABLE SPECTRA. Abbreviations : E., Ellery.C., Copeland. F., Fleming. P., Pechule. Name. R.A. 1920. S. Decl. Mag. Type. Discoverer. h. m. o / Es.-Birm. 67. m 10-5 57 37 6'3 III. (IV.?) P. Star. iv 44'5 36 21 7-6 IV. F. a Columbae. v 367 34 7 27 Hy. F. Es.-Birm. 154. v 40-4 46 30 7i IV. P. K Canis Maj. Star. vi 46-8 vi 51-9 32 24 42 16 3-8 6-0 af F. F. Star. vn 15-5 36 35 47 Hy. F. Es.-Birm. 256. vn 53-5 49 46 7-8 IV. P. y Argus. vm 6*9 47 6 Var. Hy. Respighi. r Puppis. vm io'5 35 39 4'8 Hy. F. Star. vra 12-4 46 14 6-6 Hy. Cannon. Star. vm 52-2 57 20 8-8 V. C. E Carinse. ix 5-0 70 13 4 '9 Hy. F. Es.-Birm. 304. ix 52-2 41 12 7 '3 IV. P. SZ Carinse. ix 573 59 50 7! var. IV. P. Star. x 7-8 60 15 9 '4 V. F. Es.-Birm. 307. 8-4 34 50 7-0 IV. P. Star. 9-1 57 4 6'i Hy. F. Star. i4'5 57 3i 10 -o V. F. J Velorum. 17-9 55 39 4-6 Hy. F. p Carinae. 29-1 61 16 3-6 Hy. F. Es.-Birm. 311. 317 39 8 6'5 IV. P. Star. 38-2 59 16 6-4 V. F. Star. 387 38 21 9-0 V. C. Star. 411 59 42 67 V. F. Star. 4 X *3 59 18 8-6 V. F. 7) Argus. 42-0 59 16 Var. Nova. Le Sueur. Star. 44 1 58 46 9-6 V. F. Star. 487 61 46 V. F. Star. 56-3 57 24 V. F. Nova. 59'2 53 59 Nova. Leavitt. Star. xi 3-1 65 5 8'3 V. F. RS Carinse. 4 '5 61 30 8 Nova. F. Star. 6-6 60 32 8-0 V. C. 8 Centauri. TV Centauri. xn 4 '2 10-4 50 17 5i 5 2-8 Var. Hy. IV. F. Douglass. y Crucis. Star. 267 38-1 56 40 62 37 2'0 6 III. Hy. E. F. SOUTHERN TELESCOPIC OBJECTS. 273 B. STABS WITH REMARKABLE SPEOTBA. continued. Name. R.A. 1920. S. Decl. Mag. Type. Discoverer. h. m. / Star. 50*0 56 44 5 '5 Hy. F. Star. 57'6 71 3 6'6 Hy. F. 6 Muscae. xra 2-9 64 53 5'6 V. F. Star. 25-6 61 40 9'6 V. F. Star. 37 '3 67 o 9-0 V. F. Z Centauri. 4 2 '3 3 1 14 7 Nova. F. /LC Centauri. 44 -8 42 5 3 "4 Hy. F. Star. Star. 48-4 52-9 46 44 55 58 5 '9 Var. Hy. IV. F. F. Star. xiv 9-5 56 43 5*2 Hy. Cannon. 77 Centauri. 30-4 41 48 2 '5 Hy. F. Nova Circin. 42*0 59 42 9 '5 Nova. Leavitt. a- Librae. 59-4 24 57 3*5 III. E. Es.-Birm. 422. xv 6-6 69 47 1 6-2 IV. F. Star. I7'5 62 23 1 8-8 V. F. K 1 Apodis. 227 73 6 5-6 Hy. Pickering. RNormae(Nova). 23*6 50 28 7 Nova. F. Star. 56-8 62 28 8-8 V. F. Nova Arse. xvi 34-6 52 16 6 Nova. F. Star. 46*0 41 6 5'3 V. F. Star. 467 41 44 6-6 V. F. J Scorpii. 48-4 42 14 4*9 Hy. F. Star. 48-5 41 42 67 V. C. Star. 49-4 41 I 6-0 V. F. Star. 58-5 37 44 67 V. F. Star. xvn 13-6 45 33 7-2 V. F. Star. 173 47 24 5'5 Hy. F. a Arae. 25'5 49 49 2-9 Hy. F. SX Scorpii. 42-1 35 40 Var. IV. F. Star. 48-0 34 4 2 6'2 Hy. F. Nova 2 Scorpii. 48-8 34 20 8-8 Nova. Cannon. Star. 56'4 32 42 8-8 V. F. n Sagittarii. xvin 12 -2 36 47 3 '3 111. E. Tlndi. xxi 14-9 45 22 Var. IV. F. Tr 1 Gruis. xxn 1 7 '8 46 21 67 IV. F. S 2 Gruis. 25-0 44 I0 4*4 III. E. Gruis. 37*9 47 18 2 '2 III. P. VOL. II. 274 APPENDIX II. C. KNOWN VARIABLE STARS. Name. R.A. 1920. Decl. Var. Per. Discoverer. h. m. ' S Sculpt. o 14-3 32 29 6-6-12-8 336 d F. R Sculpt. I 23-3 32 57 6-2-8-8 376*4 Gould. R Horol. il 25-4 50 16 5-9-12 405 F. V Horol. in 17 59 14 7-9*3 F. R Rectic. IV 327 63 12 7-12 273*4 Ragoonath. R Doradus. 35 -8 62 14 4-8-6-8 345 Gould. RCceli. 377 38 24 7-2-14 398 F. R Octant. vi 3*0 86 26 7-3-12-2 408 F. L 2 Puppis. VH 10 -i 44 31 3-4-6-2 140-2 Gould. S Puppis. 43-8 47 52 7 '2-9 Gould. V Puppis. 55 '9 49 2 4-1-4-8 i*45 Williams (Algol). RS Puppis. vm 10 -o 34 21 6-8-7-9 4i*3 Reitsma. V Carinse. 27-1 59 51 7-2-8-0 6-66 Roberts. X Carinse. 29-6 58 57 7-9-87 o*54 Roberts (Algol). T Velor. 35 1 47 5 7-6-8-5 4-64 Roberts. W Carinse. ix 19 '9 55 37 7-5-8-2 4*38 Roberts. N Velor. 28-8 56 41 3 '4-4 '4 Short Gould. R Carinse. 30-2 62 26 4-5-10 39'3 Gould.' I Carinse 43-0 62 8 3-6-5-0 35*5 Gould. R Ant. x 6 3 37 20 7-2-7-8 Gould. S Carinse. 6-8 61 9 5-8-9* 1487 Gould. r) Argus. 42-0 59 16 1-7-4 Nova? Burchell. T Carinse. 53-0 60 i 67-7-0 Gould. U Carinse. 54 "5 59 18 67-8-5 387 Roberts. X Cent. xi 45-2 41 1 8 7-8-12-4 3H F. S Muscse. xn 8-5 69 42 6-4-7*3 9-66 Roberts. T Crucis. 17*0 61 46 6-8-7-6 67 Roberts. R Crucis. 19 '5 61 6 6-8-7-9 5*8 Roberts. S Centauri. 20 *3 49 o 8-1-9-5 F. R Muscse. 37'2 68 58 6-5-7*6 0-882 Gould. S Crucis. 49-6 58 o 6-5-7*6 4*69 Roberts. T Centauri. XHI 37-1 33 12 6-5-9-2 90-3 Markwick. R Centauri. xiv 10-8 59 32 5*3-13 568-2 Gould. V Centauri. 271 56 32 6-4-7-8 5*49 Roberts. R Apodis. 487 76 20 5*5-6-2 ? Gould. T Tri. Aust. xv 2-2 68 25 6-9-7*4 0-98 Gould. R Tri. Aust. T2"6 66 12 67-7*4 3*39 Gould. R Normse. 29-6 49 14 7-'5 4807 Gould. T Normae. 37*9 54 44 7-12 243*9 Innes. R Lupi. 483 36 3 9 I 75 I 2 m g . ; 1811-15, 4 m* ; 1822-6,2 ms. ; 1827, i m*. ; 1828-33, 2 m. ; 1838-43, i m*. ; 1843-50, nearly or quite equal to Sirius, with some strange fluctuations, 1845-48. Lost to nearly all eyes, '62, or as others, '64. 5 m^ , '65 ; 6 '8, 1892, Roberts. 1899-1914, no var. ; 7 -8 m* , Innes. The spectrum, according to Pickering and Gill, is similar to that of a Nova. There is a simi- larity with P Cygni, not only in its fluctuations, and in having become apparently constant, but also both are situated near the bifurcation of the Milky Way, both are in the richest regions of Type V stars. r) Argus was seen by h., '38, encompassed by dense nebulosity. '60-62, Powell noticed it much fainter and changed in form. Ellery found rapid change. The photographs of this object, now rapidly accumulating, will settle the question. It is quite possible that with the fluctuations of 17, the nebula also changed. Innes, 1914, found a comes, 10-5 : 74 : i". Canopus was thought, '61, in Chili brighter than Sirius (A. N., e Crucis. Lettsom, '60, found this star 6 m*. instead of 4 m g . as in map. Houzeau, 75, 4*5. 276 APPENDIX II. D. CLUSTERS AND The two magellantic clouds, or Nubecula Major and Minor, are of the most complex nature ; large tracts of nebulosity, irresolvable, and in every stage of resolution, with clustering groups, nebulae of all kinds, globular clusters and nebulous objects of unique character. The N. Major contains 278 clusters and nebulae with 50 or 60 outliers, the Minor 37 with 6 adjacent. Photos with the Bruce 2 4 -in. telescope reveal twenty stars of Type V., fifteen gaseous neb., and eight stars with bright lines in the N. Major. Also there are 808 var. stars. Es., utilizing the fact that stars of Type V mark out the Equator of our Universe, has charted the stars of Type V in the N. Major, and found that the elements obtained, using them as the Equator, show : Semi-Major Axis 2 35' Position 213 Eccentricity 0*84 Inclination 33 whence it is obvious that the mixing up of Galactic and non- Galactic objects is due to the inclination in the line of sight. A V Type star and a ' white * neb. may be in the same field and yet through the inclination, while the V Type is on the equator the white neb., being on the opposite side of the sphere, would be situated at a distance from the equator. The N. Minor is much smaller, and only one V Type star has been found therein. No. R.A. 1920. Decl. H's Description. h. m. ' 104. o 20-5 72 32 47 Touc. Most glorious glob. cl. ; stupendous object, completely in- sulated, stars all 12-14 m g . Central blaze ruddy, rest white. 292. 48-6 73 47 Centre of N. Minor, a partially re- solved cloud, 11-18 m g . in a most barren region. 330. 53'5 72 54 Bright knot of 13-15 m*. stars. 362. 59 '6 71 16 Cl. 13-14 m. ; central blaze. 1316. m 19-6 37 31 Bright neb. ; stellar nucleus, 2". An- other 7' n. I365- 30-6 36 24 V. bright nucleus, resolvable ? between two lengthened parallel clouds of haze. I387- 33 '9 35 47 Bright cl. 1399. 35*4 35 43 Ditto, resolved ? 1436 40-4 36 23 Bright cl. SOUTHERN TELESCOPIC OBJECTS. 277 I>. CLUSTERS AND NUBFL^B. continued. No. B.A. 1920. Decl. H's Description. h. m. ' 1512. iv 1-3 43 34 Cl. just n of great group of large stars, 6-8 m g 1 7 6 3- 56-6 66 32 Bright large neb. in Nub. Major. 1792. V 2-5 38 6 Ditto, resolvable ? 1818. 4-1 66 32 Bright cl. 1820. 4'3 67 22 Cl. in radiating streaks. 1850. 9-1 68 52 Fine large cl., 13 m g . 1855- 9-8 68 56 Bright cl. 12 m g . 1851. ii -5 40 8 Superb cl. 14-16 m g ; central blaze. 1869. 13-9 67 28 Large cl. 1 901. 18-0 68 40 Ditto. 1978. 28-5 66 18 Large oval neb. 2004. 30*8 67 20 Cl. 12-14 mg - 2027. 35-0 66 58 Large cl. 9-11 m g . 2070. 39-3 69 10 * Great looped neb.' round 30 Doradus, in Nub. Maj. Visible to naked eye. Le Sueur, gaseous. 2100. 427 69 15 Cl. 13-16 m g . 2132. 54-1 59 56 Group of bright and smaller stars. 2157- 58-2 69 12 Bright cl. 2220. vi 18-8 44 43 Cl. coarse, brilliant ; chief, 8 m g . 2451. vn 42-5 37 45 V. large bright cl. ; one, 4*5, orange. 2477. 49-4 38 19 Beautiful large cl. 12 or 13 m g . 2516. 57-1 60 39 Large brilliant cl. 7-13 m g . ; orange star in middle ; vis. to naked eye. 2547- vm 8 '3 49 2 Ditto, 7-16 m g . 2792. ix 9*4 42 6 Plan. neb. 6" diam., bright as 9 m g . 2808. 10-4 64 32 Superb cl. 13-15 m g ., * like the finest dust ' ; central blaze. 28l8. 12 '8 36 17 Cl. containing neb. nearly plan. 2867. 19*2 67 58 Plan, neb., perfectly sharp and round ; 8'. 2932. 32'3 46 35 V. large cl. from 8 m g . * Telescopic PraBsepe. ' 3"4- x o-i 59 44 V. large, loose cl. 9-14 m g . 3132. 37 4 2 Plan, neb., large ellip. enclosing 9 m g . 3372. 41-9 59 16 Great diffused branching milky neb. with interior darkness about 77 Argus. 3532. xi 3 'I 58 14 Glorious cl. 8-12 m g . Most brilliant h. had ever seen. 278 APPENDIX II. No. R.A. 1920. Decl. H's Description. h. m. ' 3766. 32*5 61 10 Large cl. 8-13 m g . 150-200 stars. 3909. 45*5 47 49 Ditto, 9-14 m g . 3918. 46-3 56 44 Plan. 12"; beautiful rich bl., bright as 7 m g . Or., 8 m g . lo'db n. 4755- XH 48-9 59 55 Vivid and beautiful cl., 50 to 100 of various cols., some greenish, round K Crucis, extremely red. Abbott (1862) suspected changes in number, position and colour. 5045. xm ii -8 63 o Great Milky Way cl. 34 of ii m g ., 150 or 200 smaller. 5139. 21-9 46 54 o> Centauri, cl. of full 20' ; thousands of stars of two mags., 12 and 13 only. or 13 and 15 ; the larger like lace- work, two darker spaces in centre. Baily finds 128 vars. here, nearly all 5662. xiv 29-4 56 13 with period of less than one day. Bright cl. 9-1 3 m g . 7 m g . r, or y . , central. 5882. xv ii -4 45 21 Plan, neb., most elegant and delicate ; - perfectly sharp : 4" : white. 5925. 20 '2 54 10 Cl. 11-14 m g ., in pairs and small groups, on a black ground. 6025. 56-9 60 16 Brilliant cl. from 7 m g . 6067. xvi 7-0 54 o Superb cl. 20' ; 10-15 m g . 6087. 12-2 57 42 Coarse brilliant cl. 7-10 m g . 6124. 20'I 40 29 Cl. 50 or 60 stars, 9-11 m g . 6388. xvn 30-4 44 41 Cl. A^ ; 17-20 m g ., excessively close. 6405. 34 ' 8 32 9 M 6. Cl. 7-10 m g . 6441. 44-8 37 2 Cl. 18-20 m g . , cent, blaze, y Telescop. in field. 6475. 487 34 48 M 7 ? Brilliant cl. 60, 7-12 m g . 6637. xvin 26*2 32 25 M 69. Cl. 14-16 m g . 6681. 38-0 32 22 M 70. Cl. 14-17 m g . 6715- 49'9 30 34 M 54. Cl. 15 m g . 6809. xix 34-9 31 8 M 55. Cl. 12-15 m g . INDEX DOUBLE STABS (S. Decl. printed in italics). R.A. Name. Decl. Page. R.A. Name. Decl. Page. I HOUR. HOUR contd. M. o / M. o / I "2. S 3058 29 53 17 267 ^33 3339 17 I'2 027 547 45 22 17 27 "5 ^34 77 4 79 1-6 2:3061 I? 23 196 27-6 A Cass. 54 5 74 37 See 2 22 57 221 28-3 51 Pise. 6 31 209 4-8 B Cass. 58 43 73 28-4 52 Pise. 19 5i 209 4'9 22 79 16 79 30-4 ^39 5 o 86 53 K 1 SCU1. 28 3 221 30-9 2740 36 23 J 7 5*9 34 Pise. 10 42 208 313 13 Cet. 4 2 86 6'2 22 And. 45 38 17 32-6 TT And. 33 17 J 7 9-2 0272 26 32 17 33 '2 395 25 12 222 9'6 OI^i 75 36 79 34*4 ^44 4 33 17 10*4 486 8 13 86 35 'o 8 And. 3 25 J 7 10-8 35 Pise. 8 22 208 35 'o h. 1041 48 56 74 ii -6 13 76 30 79 357 55 Pise. 21 209 12-4 2? 17 28 51 17 35 '9 a Cass. 56 6 74 12-4 27 16 54 T 3 73 36T 27 4 7 23 37 J 7 I2'6 392 61 5 73 36-6 h. 323 4 47 86 13*3 38 Pise. 8 25 208 367 ^49 7 4 86 I3'3 2720 16 4 209 37'6 27 48 70 56 79 14-2 393 21 35 86 397 ^52 45 48 17 I4'3 272 4 25 4i J 7 40-1 S 55 33 ii *7 I4-5 26 And. 43 20 17 40-2 oCass. 47 51 74 14-6 I5'4 25 iCeti 15 33 9 16 209 86 407 42-1 492 271. i 54 46 3 3 74 18 18-4 42 Pise. I 3 2 209 42-9 494 J 41 86 20'2 Hu. 506 51 36 73 43 '3 27 5 9 50 59 74 22'8 27 30 49 32 73 44-0 77 Cass. 57 23 74 257 1094 59 31 74 45 '4 1160 14 o 86 25-9 28 And. 29 18 17 45-6 65 Pise. 27 16 209 26-0 12 Cet. 4 24 86 47'4 496 12 21 209 280 INDEX. E.A. Name. Decl. Page. B.A. Name. Decl. Page. HOUR contd. I HOUR i zontd. M. / M. > 47-6 276 5 68 25 74 I5'8 Hu. 523 51 II 18 47 '9 27 67 10 10 196 16-0 27 112 45 55 18 48-3 487 497 734 60 40 24 26 74 222 i6'o 19-9 h. 2036 0272717 16 14 38 37 87 23 5 '2 i;* Cass. 58 32 74 20'I 1163 7 20 87 5 '2 27 72 38 44 18 2O '2 iff Gass. 67 43 75 5 '3 66 Pise. 18 45 209 21 '9 p Pise. 18 46 2IO 5 '6 27 7 4 Q O 209 227 27 122 3 8 2IO 507 36 And. 23 12 18 22-8 at And. 45 o 18 51 "9 y Cass. 60 17 74 22'8 Ho. 7 4 4 1 18 52-3 ^And. 38 4 18 23-8 397 JJ 20 87 55 '3 27 80 21 209 24-2 O2727i9 7 33 210 55 '5 2779 44 T 7 18 25-8 48 Get. 22 3 87 56-5 2782 9 3 209 26*0 27 129 12 15 210 57 * 58-4 Es. 45 39 And. 49 7 4 55 75 18 27-2 27-8 n Pise. 27i3i 14 56 60 16 210 75 58-6 597 396 26 Get. 60 39 o 56 8 28*0 287 1.446 27i30 30 42 69 29 222 75 30-6 100 Pise. 12 9 210 I HOUR. 30-9 317 27i37 a Urs. Mi. 3 52 88 53 248 07 2786 5 54 86 27 138 7 16 210 278 7 14 5 8 209 32-1 027 3 3 58 16 75 1*4 iff Pise. 21 3 209 323 r Scul. 30 19 222 17 77 Pise. 4 29 209 34*3 27i40 4 39 18 3' 1 27 91 2 9 86 34 '9 103 Pise. 16 13 210 4-8 And. 46 49 18 1.448 25 26 222 5 '4 02723 5i 19 75 35*3 38 34 19 7-2 398 47 23 18 35-6 27 142 14 5 1 210 7 '4 27g6 64 35 75 35-8 27 143 33 56 238 7 '5 2797 75 36-8 27 145 25 20 39 8'4 258 61 17 75 37 'i 27 146 9 4 2 210 8'4 98 31 39 209 37'8 27i47 ** 43 87 8-6 02726 29 39 209 37 '9 44 Cass. 60 9 75 9*4 Pise. 24 10 209 39 '4 7 29 87 9 '5 Pise. 7 9 210 40-0 27 155 9 5 210 10-4 37 Get. 8 21 86 40-2 27 154 43 18 19 12 '2 27io6 7 34 87 4 '3 27 148 63 25 75 I3'8 27 no 12 45 87 4 7 06 7 10 87 157 42 Get. o 55 87 41-9 e Scul. 25 3 222 157 35 Cass. 64 15 75 42-1 27158 32 46 238 INDEX. 281 R.A. Name. Decl. Page. B.A. Name. Decl. Page. I HOUR i sonfeJ. n HOUR contd. M. / M. / 44*2 2:i62 47 30 19 6'6 2:224 13 18 40 447 2:i7I j 49 87 77 tTri. 29 56 238 45'4 2:i63 ; 64 28 75 87 66 Cet. 2 46 87 457 X Cei II 5 87 2:228 47 6 19 457 i Ari. 21 53 39 IO'O 2:232 29 16 238 46-6 E 175 20 43 39 ii -4 ^237 10 24 40 47-8 2:178 10 25 39 ii -6 2:235 55 32 202 2:170 75 5 79 127 2:239 28 23 2 3 8 4 8 '5 E 3113 44 15 19 127 2:240 23 30 4 49-1 yAri. 18 54 39 13-0 2:244 21 52 4 507 2:i82 60 54 75 13*3 2:233 76 I 80 5I-4 56 And. 36 52 19 137 2:245 39 54 20 517 2: 186 i 27 2IO 13-8 2:246 34 7 238 53 '5 AArL 23 13 39 13 '9 02:2:26 59 39 76 53 '9 58 Cet. 2 2 7 87 16-0 2:248 42 25 20' 54*5 2:185 75 7 79 16-4 2:250 37 3 20 54*8 2: 194 24 27 39 16-5 2:249 44 J 4 202 55*1 2:196 20 38 39 16-8 9 Per. 55 29 202 55 '2 E 195 44 4 19 16-8 2:251 39 i 20 55*3 48 Cass. 7 3 1 75 17-9 0-70 41 i 20 56-0 2:191 73 28 75 18-3 Double 50 o 202 56-3 E 197 34 55 238 20 *o 2:261 ii 8 4 57 '2 2:200 23 43 39 20-4 2:265 2 7 88 57-8 49 Cass. 75 44 75 20-9 2:260 53 55 202 57 '9 a Pise. 2 23 211 22 -4 ! i Cass. 67 3 7 6 58-3 cTri. 32 54 2 3 8 237 2:268 55 ii 202 58-4 h. 647 7 18 87 24-1 ! 2:269 29 34 238 59 'o yAnd. 41 51 19 24-2 A. 1816 36 58 238 59 'o 2:199 67 18 80 2 5'3 i 518 9 13 88 59'2 10 Ari. 25 33 4 25-9 i 2:271 24 53 40 597 61 Cet. o 43 87 27-2 2:272 58 5 202 27-4 2:274 o 45 88 n HOUR. 27-6 2:273 18 2 40 28-4 2:276 5 59 88 1-8 2:212 24 44 4 301 2:280 5 59 88 2-3 ii Ari. 25 30 40 30-4 o> Forn. 28 35 127 3]9 2:213 50 42 202 307^ 2:279 36 52 202 14 Ari. 25 34 40 31 '6 v Cet. 5 15 88 5 '5 2:219 32 59 238 32-3 ; 30 Ari. 24 19 4 5*9 5 Per. 57 16 202 34-1 i 2:285 33 9 238 6-0 59 And. 38 39 19 34'3 282 65 19 76 282 INDEX. R,A. Name. Decl. Page. B.A. Name. Decl. Page. n HOUR contd. m HOU B. M. o / M. / 34 '3 283 61 9 76 O'2 2:342 27 37 4 1 36-0 33 Ari - 26 44 40 7 52 Ari. 24 57 41 36-6 291 18 27 40 3" Pers. 40 39 2OI 36-6 521 47 55 202 4-0 2349 63 29 54 37 1 84 Get. I 2 88 4'i K Pers. 44 33 203 37*i 02744 42 21 202 4 '4 528 3 54 88 37*3 Es. 8 53 ii 202 47 02: 50 71 15 76 37 '5 12 Pers. 39 54 202 4 '9 2:1.6 7 9 88 37'8 p Ari. 19 40 4 7-1 2:360 36 55 203 387 Pers. 48 53 2 O2 7 '5 OZ5i 43 59 203 39-2 yCet. 2 54 88 77 12 Erid. 29 19 124 39-2 30<3 25 18 40 8-4 2:364 38 5i 203 397 297 56 13 203 87 94 Cet. J 30 88 397 2:300 29 7 238 9'6 Es. ii 56 51 203 41-9 2:301 53 36 203 9-8 2:362 59 44 54 42-1 69 35 13 203 9-9 2:367 o 27 88 42-9 2:305 19 2 40 10 'I j8ll76 77 27 80 43*2 41 Ari. 26 56 40 10-5 02:52 65 22 54 44-8 TT Ari. 17 8 40 107 Hu. 544 50 4 203 44-8 77 Pers. 55 34 203 11-9 2:369 40 II 203 44 '9 2:306 60 i 76 I2'I 84 6 13 124 45 '4 ^315 10 53 124 143 95 Cet. i 14 88 4^ '6 ^313 8 37 88 14-4 2:368 68 10 54 463 y Forn. 24 53 127 I 4 '8 15 Erid. 22 48 124 47-1 2:314 52 4 203 I5'0 h- 3565 18 51 124 47 'i 2:316 36 58 203 157 2:376 19 27 4i 47 '9 02:48 48 15 203 i6'o T* Erid. 22 3 124 48-4 27323 6 9 88 16-8 2:374 67 10 54 48-6 20 Pers. 38 i 203 I7'4 2:380 8 29 231 53 'i 330 o 53 88 19-4 53i 8 4 124 537 332 o 6 88 I9'5 2:382 33 16 203 54 'i ^331 52 3 203 197 2:383 17 17 231 54 ' 6 Ari. 21 2 4 1 21-9 2:386 54 54 54 55 'i ^334 6 20 88 22*5 2:385 59 4 ! 54 55 '4 2:320 79 6 80 22 '9 2:388 50 10 204 56-6 2:336 32 6 203 23-4 2:394 20 2 231 57 '5 2:338 10 33 4i 23-4 See 25 28 50 127 57*9 2:335 63 27 76 237 2:391 44 47 204 58-6 p 2 Erid. 7 59 124 23-8 2:390 55 ii 54 23-8 02:55 46 39 204 23-8 66 Ari. 22 32 41 INDEX. 283 B.A. Name. Decl. Page. R.A. Name. Decl. Page. in HOUR i mntd. m HOUB i contd. H. 9 > I M. o / 23-9 34 Pers. 49 15 204 45 "5 02:65 25 20 231 24-2 879 ii 16 231 45'6 2:457 22 26 231 24-5 02754 67 19 54 487 30 Erid. 5 36 125 26-5 401 27 18 231 49-0 2:455 69 17 55 26-6 403 19 30 231 49 'I Pers. 31 39 204 26-6 406 4 53 231 5'3 32 Erid. 3 12 125 267 2:408 4 33 124 5 '3 02:67 60 53 55 27-1 396 58 30 54 52-5 e Pers. 39 47 205 28-4 E 400 59 46 54 547 02:69 38 36 205 29-0 See 26 24 53 127 56-2 2:476 38 27 205 297 7 Taur. 24 12 231 56-2 2:479 22 59 231 29-8 414 19 32 231 56-6 2:477 ; 4 1 38 205 30-4 413 33 25 204 56-6 2:460 : 80 29 80 30-6 0533 3i 25 204 57 'i 2:487 10 40 J 25 327 422 20 125 57*4 02:70 9 47 232 32-8 0^37 44 33 55 58-1 2:480 55 29 55 32-9 02^36 63 47 55 58-5 2:489 7 13 125 34'6 2:419 69 35 80 35'i 02:59 45 46 204 IV HOUR. 35'i 2:425 33 52 204 35-6 2:426 38 52 204 0-8 2:485 62 4 55 357 2:427 28 31 231 1*5 2:491 10 46 232 36-1 P. III. 97 59 43 55 2*1 2:474 76 2 55 36-2 2:430 4 52 231 2 '2 02:531 37 52 205 37*i 2:436 12 52 125 2 '5 2:493 5 29 232 37*3 40 Pers. 33 43 204 27 Pair 42 59 205 38*4 1182 48 16 204 3*2 2:495 14 57 232 387 2:434 38 8 i 204 3*4 02:72 17 8 232 39'3 o Pers. 32 2 204 3'6 2:490 59 57 55 39'5 2:439 31 55 | 204 4'i 2:494 22 54 232 397 1041 27 39 231 4*3 Ho. 327 3i 27 205 40-4 1183 45 26 204 6-1 2:500 4 3 205 4i-5 42-5 2:443 02:63 4 1 15 50 29 204 204 8-0 9-0 2:510 LC Pers. o 32 48 12 125 205 427 Alcyone 23 52 230 9'2 2:515 2 40 232 427 2:447 38 6 204 9-2 j8i2 7 8 8 4I 232 42-9 02^39 56 53 55 9'2 46 Taur. 7 3i 232 43 "4 2:446 52 25 204 9'6 47 Taur. 9 4 232 43 '9 30 Taur. 10 54 231 97 2:503 63 58 55 43 '9 2:445 59 53 55 97 Hu. 30 23 20 125 45*2 02:64 23 37 231 IO'O 2:512 45 12 205 284 INDEX. B.A. Name. Decl. Page. R.A. Name. Decl. Page. IV HOUR contd- IV HOUR wntd. M. > M. / 10 '6 39 Erid. ro 27 125 31*9 2-569 9 3 233 II -6 o 2 Erid. 7 46 125 3 2-o 571 3 45 126 II -6 022:44 46 i 205 32'O ^567 19 20 233 14-2 02247 50 4 205 32-5 565 4i 58 206 15-0 523 23 33 232 33 '5 2572 26 47 42 15 '3 55 Taur. 16 20 232 33-6 2 Cam. 53 19 56 15 '4 277 2:2056 5 37 136 55-2 2:2112 3i 54 137 28-1 2^2057 19 28 136 56-0 20 Drac. 65 9 118 28-1 2059 38 14 136 57 '9 2:2115 15 3 137 28-5 31 Here. 33 42 136 58-1 2:2114 8 34 179 29-4 2:2063 45 47 136 59 'o 2:2124 65 19 118 30-0 2:2065 40 9 136 30-4 32 Here. 30 40 136 XVII HOUR. 3 I-6 2:2068 47 26 136 31*9 Pair. 17 !3 136 O'O Hu. 164 12 32 179 34 '3 17 Drac. 53 5 118 1-6 2:2120 28 12 138 35 'i 2:2071 13 50 136 2-0 2:2119 13 49 226 36-2 2:2079 23 9 136 2'3 2:2128 59 4 1 118 36-6 42 Here. 49 5 136 27 2:2122 i 33 179 367 36 Here. 4 22 136 3'i 2:2123 6 55 179 37 '9 2:2092 60 51 118 37 fj, Drac. 54 35 118 383 C Here. 31 42 137 4' 1 A 1145 o 59 179 39-0 2:2085 21 44 '37 5'o 02:324 3i !9 138 39'i 2:2083 ; 13 45 J 37 5*2 Hu. 1176 36 2 138 39'2 2:2087 23 49 137 5'8 rj Oph. 15 37 179 39*5 2:2091 41 20 137 5*9 h. 589 24 50 179 40-8 2:2094 23 39 137 6'6 2:2131 30 27 138 41-9 46 Here. 28 31 137 7-2 125 26 56 179 41-9 2:2097 35 52 137 8-4 2:2138 54 36 119 42-6 2:2098 3 9 137 8'5 2:2132 3 57 179 4 2 '9 2:2101 35 47 137 87 2135 21 19 138 43 'i 19 Oph. 2 12 178 9'6 2:2142 49 5 138 45 '9 2:2103 13 24 137 10-3 2:2137 16 2 138 45 '9 2:2104 36 4 137 10-5 36 Oph. 26 28 179 46-8 Hu. 917 77 37 249 10-8 282 14 30 226 46-9 52 Here. 46 8 137 II -0 a Here. 14 29 138 47 '3 2:2106 9 33 178 117 8 Here. 24 56 138 47 '4 21 Oph. I 22 179 13-1 39 Oph. 24 12 1 80 487 2:2107 28 48 137 14-4 68 Here. 33 138 50-8 j82 4 I 21 26 179 15 'I ^2155 60 47 119 5 J '4 2:3106 5 3 179 15-2 p 126 J7 41 180 5 J 7 56 Here. 25 52 137 !5'4 2:2152 45 40 138 52-0 24 Oph. 23 i 179 157 2:2149 6 21 180 52-1 54 Here. 18 33 137 157 A 2241 ig 15 180 52*4 Sh. 240 19 25 179 I5-9 2153 49 23 138 54 ' 2 2:3107 4 4 179 163 v Serp. 12 46 226 54'6 2:2116 63 39 118 19-8 2:2156 o 45 180 INDEX. 299 B.A. Name. Decl. Page. R.A. Name. Decl. Page. | xvii HOUR conid. xvn HOUB- -conid M. o / M. / I9'9 Hn. 134 21 22 180 42j T22II J II 181 20-g 272i6o 15 4 1 1 80 42-5 272212 5 44 181 20-9 p Here. 37 *3 138 42D 027335 21 56 139 21 'I 2162 36 32 138 43*3 272225 5i 59 119 21'2 2159 T3 2 4 1 80 43*4 1 Drac. 72 12 119 2I- 5 272179 72 4 249 43'4 p. Here. 27 47 139 21-6 ^2164 47 21 138 43 '6 272215 17 43 139 237 j8l2 9 25 26 1 80 44 '3 272222 14 50 181 2 3 -8 Z2I65 29 32 139 45 'o 027336 34 18 140 23-8 Z2i68 35 5 139 46-1 272227 5 21 181 2 4 -8 272166 ii 27 1 80 47 "o ! 272232 25 18 140 24-9 272I7I 9 56 180 48-4 027338 15 20 181 24*9 272170 i 33 1 80 48-6 272239 28 15 140 26'3 272173 J 1 80 48-8 272235 2 15 181 26-6 272178 35 o 139 48-8 272242 44 55 140 27-0 27 2180 5 56 119 50-5 Hn. 139 ii 37 181 2?'3 A 2386 2 47 1 80 50'5 272243 i 36 6 140 2?'5 A Here. 26 10 139 50 '7 i 90 Here, i 40 i 140 28-6 8 Drac. 52 21 119 52-9 h. 5003 30 15 215 29-3 272182 23 55 139 52-9 272245 18 20 140 30-6 v Drac. 55 14 119 52-9 272246 39 30 140 30*7 54 Oph. 13 13 1 80 53-0 272244 o 4 181 30-8 53 Oph. 9 38 180 54-6! 272258 48 38 140 317 272187 4 12 180 54*6 y Drac. 51 30 119 3 I-8 272i86 i 3 180 55 ' 27 2252 2 3 181 32M 272i88 6 40 180 55 '<> 272250 6 51 227 32-5 027340 86 57 249 55 '3 272254 12 27 181 32-6 272190 21 2 139 56-0 272259 ; 30 3 140 34'8 26 Drac. 61 56 119 56-3 272247 29 30 140 35-5 272I9I 4 56 1 80 56-3 272261 52 14 119 37 'i 272199 55 48 119 56-6 67 Oph. 2 56 181 37'2 272207 67 10 119 571 1 /8 283 22 47 215 37'8 272194 24 33 139 577 68 Oph. i 19 181 38-4 1251 It) O 181 577 272263 i 26 33 140 39-8 2722i8 63 43 119 58-4 , 95 Here. 21 36 140 39'9 272200 5 53 181 58-6 27 2271 52 51 119 40-1 272214 43 47 139 587 Ho. 76 33 20 140 40-5 272219 61 39 119 587 T Oph. 8 ii 181 40-6 61 Oph. 2 37 181 58-* 272273 64 9 119 41-8 272204 13 17 227 59 -i 272267 40 ii 140 41-8 2*2213 31 10 139 59'4 02727 164 7 55 182 300 INDEX. R.A. Name. Decl. Page B.A. Name. Decl. Page. xvm H OITB xvin HOUB- contd. M. o / M. o / O'O 2268 25 22 140 26' 4 2:2328 29 52 165 0'2 2:2265 6 27 182 26-9 2:2324 I 20 227 I '3 2:2284 65 57 119 27 'o 2:2325 10 52 223 i'4 70 Oph. 2 33 182 27-5 2:2329 6 25 182 i '5 2:2278 56 26 119 27-5 2:2330 13 7 141 1-6 2:2277 48 28 140 28-8 1253 30 3 165 2'O 2:2276 12 182 30-2 2:2339 17 40 141 2T 02:2: 165 4 33 227 30-4 ^2337 14 46 223 2- 4 02:341 21 26 140 3 7 See 355 ig 20 215 27 2:2279 50 52 119 317 2:2342 4 52 182 3*9 2:2282 40 21 141 32-1 2:2348 52 17 120 3 '9 245 30 45 215 32'2 02:359 23 33 I 4 I 4-0 99 Here. 30 33 141 32-3 02:358 16 55 141 4-6 100 Here. 26 5 141 32-4 2357 63 39 120 5'6 73 Oph. 3 58 182 33*4 2:2346 7 28 182 57 2:2283 6 8 182 33'6 2351 4 1 J 3 I6 5 6-0 40 Drac. 80 o 119 337 2:2349 33 24 165 6-6 2:2289 16 27 141 33'8 ^2347 o 27 227 7 '3 2:2291 34 141 34 '2 aLyrse 38 42 I6 5 8-8 Ho. 82 33 25 141 34 '2 A 88 3 17 28 8-9 2:2292 27 37 141 35 '2 2:2356 28 38 1 66 9-0 /* l Sag. 21 5 215 35 '5 ^2358 30 39 1 66 10-5 2:2294 o 9 227 35'6 2:2362 35 59 1 66 ii -8 2:2307 09 14 1 20 35 '9 2:2360 20 52 141 I2'0 02:346 19 45 141 36-6 2:2361 3 o 227 I2'5 2:2301 23 58 141 37'0 2:2368 52 16 120 I 3 'I 2:2326 81 28 80 38-2 2:2367 3 13 1 66 I 3'3 1274 56 34 120 39-0 2:2371 2 7 34 141 15-8 2:2303 8 i 223 39-2 2:2372 34 4 167 16*9 2:2309 25 30 I 4 I 39-8 02:361 5 34 28 177 2:2306 15 8 223 39 '9 2:2369 2 32 28 20 '4 2:2313 6 39 223 40*6 2:2376 30 19 167 20 '6 21 Sag. 20 35 215 40-6 2:2380 44 50 167 213 Ho. 432 38 42 I6 5 41-1 46 Drac. 55 27 120 21-9 Drac. 71 17 120 41-4 2373 10 35 223 22-8 39 Drac. 58 45 I2O 4 r '5 28 Sagit, 22 28 215 2 3 -0 A Sag. 25 28 215 4*'5 2375 5 24 227 23*1 59 Serp. o 8 227 4*7 e Lyr. 39 35 167 24-2 2:2319 19 14 *E 4 I 42*0 Lyr. 37 31 169 24 "5 2:2320 24 38 I 4 I 42*2 no Here. 20 28 141 26-1 2:2322 4 227 42-3 5 Aquil. i 3 28 INDEX. 301 R.A. Name. Decl. Page. B.A. Name. Decl. Page. xvni HOUR- contd. XIX HO CTB. M. o / M. / 42-3 A. 1887 10 13 28 0-4 2:2443 14 39 29 42-9 2:2394 4 1 57 169 07 2:2439 7 16 29 42-9 2:2390 34 25 169 07 15 Aquil. 4 9 29 43 '4 2:2403 60 57 I2O 0-8 2:2448 35 37 170 44 -2 2:2397 31 18 I6 9 I'O 2:2451 51 28 121 44 '4 2:2391 6 7 223 i '3 2:2445 23 12 2 5 6 447 h. 1347 28 20 169 17 Aquil. *3 44 29 44 '9 29 Sagit. 2O 25 215 1-9 2:2446 6 25 29 45 "o 97 1 49 19 I2O 23 S. 710 16 21 216 45 '4 2:2399 13 7 28 2-4 2:2447 j 29 29 45 '5 2:2401 21 5 142 2:2449 7 i 29 47-0 2:2404 10 53 28 2-9 2:2478 69 20 121 0Lyr. 33 16 I6 9 3-0 2:2456 38 2 4 170 48-2 2:2408 10 41 28 3 '5 2:2455 22 2 2 5 6 48-9 2:2412 13 55 28 37 2:2458 27 38 170 49 '4 v 2 Sagit. 22 50 215 37 2:2457 22 28 5' o Drac. 59 17 I2O 4' 1 2:2459 25 51 170 5 "9 8 Lyr. 2:2415 36 52 20 31 I6 9 I 4 2 4*4 4-8 17 Lyr. 2:2466 32 23 29 4 1 I 7 I 7 5i-9 113 Here. 02:525 22 33 33 52 I 4 2 I6 9 5* 2:2469 2:2467 38 48 30 42 I 7 I 7 52-2 e Serp. 4 6 227 2:2470 34 38 170 Ho. 270 41 30 I 7 5*8 2:2472 37 47 52-3 2:2419 29 7 170 6-1 2:2474 34 28 I 7 I 527 1255 48 46 120 6-3 Ho. 572 30 26 54 ' 648 32 48 I 7 77 2:2479 55 12 '98 547 Ho. 91 17 15 I 4 2 8-1 0i20 4 2 29 55*3 2:2427 38 7 170 8 '4 2:2481 38 39 171 55 '4 ii Aquil. 13 3i 28 9-0 0139 16 43 3 56*0 e Aquil. 14 57 29 9'3 2:2483 3 13 56-1 2:2425 8 14 29 10 '0 2:2486 49 41 99 56-1 2:2440 62 17 120 107 2:2484 18 56 213 56-2 2:2430 29 29 I 7 II -0 r> Lyr. 39 171 563 2:2452 75 4 1 120 117 02:2: 178 14 57 3 56-6 Sagit. 30 o 215 127 02:371 27 19 171 583 2:2436 8 38 29 12-9 0Lyr. 37 57 171 58-4 2:2437 19 3 29 13-0 2:2491 28 8 171 58-4 h. 5082 ig 13 215 13-2 02:37 9 12 3 58-6 2:2434 o 49 29 143 2 Vulp. 22 53 256 59 '6 2:2441 31 16 I 7 I4-5 23 Aquil. o 56 3 2:2499 21 48 256 302 INDEX. R.A. Name. Decl. Page. R.A. Name. Decl. Page. xix HOUR contd. xix HOUB contd. M. ' M. / 15*9 28 Aquil. 12 13 30 33*1 2:2548 24 49 257 161 ^2497 5 26 3 33 '3 2:2571 78 5 121 16-2 2498 3 53 3 337 eSag. 16 17 213 I6'2 2505 35 21 171 34 '3 0Cyg. 50 2 IOO 16-3 26 Aqail. 5 34 3 35-8 m. 630 16 23 213 16*9 OZ27 181 26 30 256 367 Ho. in 33 47 IOO I 7"3 2:2507 44 13 99 38-8 02:382 27 4 IOO I7-5 2:2504 18 59 256 38-8 X Aquil. ii 38 31 18-8 h. 2866 18 10 216 38-9 2:2562 8 ii 31 I9'5 2:2510 9 21 30 39-0 2:2573 60 20 121 19 -8 0II29 52 13 99 397 16 Cyg. 50 20 IOO 20-8 2 Sag. 16 46 213 4 '4 2:2567 12 II 31 21 "O 2513 2 17 3 40-6 658 26 57 257 21 'I 2:2515 21 22 256 40-8 Ho. 453 33 59 IOO 217 2:3111 21 41 256 40-8 2:2565 13 25 216 22*6 2:2522 28 36 99 41-0 02:384 38 8 IOO 23-3 2:2525 27 10 99 41-2 2:2570 i 35 31 23-3 2:2524 25 20 99 41-8 h. 895 i 3 31 233 2:2523 21 257 42-5 y Aquil. 10 25 31 237 Schj. 22 12 18 3 42-5 2:2576 33 26 IOO 23-8 2:2519 9 42 31 42-5 3 Cyg. 44 56 IOO 24-8 2534 36 22 99 427 2:2578 35 54 101 24-9 TLh. 619 27 10 216 42-9 02:r 191 34 49 101 25*4 6 Vulp. 24 30 257 43 "4 X 1 Cyg. 33 33 101 26*O ^2533 o 37 31 43 '5 02:2: 192 32 42 101 26-2 2:2532 2 44 31 44-1 Pair. 9 5 32 267 Pair. 28 33 99 44 '2 I. 1039 28 59 216 27'5 Cy g . 27 47 99 44*9 TT Aquil. 10 25 32 28- 4 2:2550 73 12 121 44'9 2:2584 22 257 28-5 2:2538 36 32 IOO 45 '4 Sag. 18 57 213 28-9 2:2539 28 6 100 45 '6 02:386 36 58 101 29*4 2:2537 4 21 31 46-6 Es. 84 38 31 101 29-8 2:2540 20 14 257 46-9 a Aquil. 8 39 28 30-2 p Aquil. 7 13 31 47 '5 ^2587 3 53 32 30*3 2:2549 63 8 121 48-5 c Drac. 70 4 121 307 37 Aquil. 10 44 31 48-5 2:2589 o 26 32 3 I-0 2:2542 52 49 IOO 48-5 2:2590 10 9 32 3 I-0 9 Vulp. 19 36 257 487 02:389 3 57 101 31 '9 2:i44 59 59 121 49 -o 02:388 25 39 257 323 2:2553 61 52 121 49'3 2:2591 6 13 32 327 2:2554 60 6 121 49 '5 h. 2904 24 8 216 INDEX. 303 R.A. Name. Decl. Page. B.A. Name. Decl. Page. XIX HOUR- -contd. XX HOUR -contd. M. M. / 49'8 2:1.48 20 7 257 5*9 2:2634 16 34 33 503 57 Aquil. 8 28 32 6'2 2:2639 35 15 102 50-4 2:2596 15 5 33 6'4 0Sag. 20 43 214 50-8 0659 6 56 33 7-0 Pair. 9 57 33 51 - o 2:2597 6 57 33 7*2 Rh. 671 22 33 51 '4 ft Aquil. 6 13 33 73 2:2645 51 26 102 2:2604 63 58 121 7 '4 2:2636 4 50 33 53-o 2:2617 75 " 121 8-6 0430 35 35 102 53 '3 n Cyg. 34 52 101 9*1 2:2649 31 50 102 $ Cyg. 52 13 101 10 'I 2:2646 6 18 33 54 '6 0149 16 16 213 10*2 2:2651 15 55 33 55 '2 2:2607 42 3 101 10-3 02:2:202 6 21 33 553 02:393 44 I0 101 10-6 2:2655 21 59 257 55 '4 2:2606 33 3 101 II -0 2:2654 3 45 33 557 2:2609 37 53 101 II '0 2:2660 64 16 121 56-1 2:2610 35 19 101 ii -i oCyg. 46 3 102 56-4 2:2611 47 8 101 "'5 2:2658 52 52 103 56-4 xSag. 17 17 213 ii -6 K Ceph. 77 28 80 56-6 866401 22 52 216 11-9 0983 25 21 257 57*2 02:394 36 12 102 I2'0 3 Cap. 12 35 70 57 '5 2:2612 6 42 33 123 A 283 33 29 103 2:2613 10 31 33 a Cap. 13 2 7 58-0 Ho. 584 25 58 257 137 Ho. 588 103 58-6 16 Vulp. 24 43 257 13-9 2:2663 39 27 103 587 2:2619 48 3 102 066i 40 7 103 59 1 26 Cyg. 49 53 102 14-4 44 i 28 53 103 59 '8 2:2618 15 14 33 a- Cap. rp 37 14*9 2:2667 45 23 103 XX HOUR. 153 2:2666 40 28 103 15 '6 2:2665 14 7 114 o*5 15 Sag. 16 51 214 157 2:2661 2 30 34 '5 2:2622 16 47 214 15 '9 2:2664 12 45 114 '5 2:2624 35 48 102 2:2671 55 8 103 07 2:2621 9 i 33 16*5 0Cap. 15 17 7 1 0-8 h. 1470 38 6 102 !73 2:2668 39 9 103 I'O 2:2626 30 19 102 18-2 66^ 53 21 103 1-6 -n Sag. 19 46 2I 4 18-3 A. a 17 51 12 103 r-8 057 15 16 33 18-5 2:2670 16 17 34 37 2:2631 20 52 257 193 y Cyg. 40 o 103 4-0 2:2628 9 10 33 2:2694 80 17 121 4'5 2:2642 63 28 121 20'I 63 44 80 304 INDEX. B.A. Name. Decl. Page. R.A. Name. Dec!. Page. XX HOUR- -contd. XX HOUR contd. M. o / M. o / 2O '2 02:2: 207 42 43 103 37-1 2:2713 10 17 "5 20 '6 2:2677 o 49 34 373 Ho. 137 29 31 104 20'8 2:2679 19 19 34 37'6 02:410 40 18 104 211 2:2680 J 4 37 114 37-8 49 Cyg. 32 I 104 21-5 2:2678 8 33 71 387 a Cyg. 45 104 21'8 2:2685 63 56 80 38-8 2:2718 12 26 "5 227 77 Cap. 18 28 71 39*8 2:2720 16 39 "5 233 8749 2 22 34 39 '9 h. 1567 15 17 23-9 2:2683 13 25 40-0 2:2722 19 27 "5 243 p Capr. 18 5 71 401 5i Cyg. 50 2 104 24-4 2: 2687 56 23 80 4 '5 h. 5228 30 45 71 25-1 69 Aquil. 3 9 34 40-9 2:2724 23 39 257 253 26-3 o 2 Capr. 2:2693 18 51 54 T 4 7 1 103 411 42-4 2:2723 52 Cyg. 12 2 30 26 "5 26-5 i Delp. 10 38 114 2:2725 15 37 "5 267 2:2691 37 5^ 103 43 'o y Delp. 15 5i "5 27-4 2:2690 10 59 114 43'8 ^2733 7 2 123 27*6 2:2692 26 13 257 443 A Cyg. 36 12 27-9 44 Cyg. 36 40 103 443 4 2 7 105 28-0 668 10 8 71 44 '5 Es. 810 47 29 I0 5 28-5 2:2695 25 32 257 45 '5 Es. 93 52 7 I0 5 28-8 to 3 Cyg. 48 57 103 45-8 13 Delp. 5 43 "5 29*5 434 4i 36 104 46-1 Es. 31 32 57 105 29*6 2:2696 e IO 114 463 2:2732 5i 36 105 30 "4 2:2698 27 56 257 47-0 4 Aquar. 5 54 23 31 '5 2:2700 32 14 104 47 'i 2:2730 6 5 "5 32-5 2:2699 13 i 71 47 "i Es. 94 49 50 105 32-5 2:2702 34 53 104 483 h. 3003 24 5 33-1 2:2701 ii 46 114 48-6 0155 5* 7 105 33 ]5 2:2703 14 27 114 48-8 2733 7 2 123 B Delp. 14 19 114 491 02:416 43 25 105 343 48 Cyg. 31 17 104 50*2 2734 12 48 34 '5 2:2705 33 5 104 51-5 02:418 32 24 IO 5 rCap. 15 14 7 1 517 ^2735 4 13 123 35' 6 Delp. 13 4 52-6 7 Aquar. IO O 23 35 ' 2 K Delp. 9 48 "5 52*9 2:2736 12 4! "5 353 2:2707 47 39 104 53-8 B H37 50 2 5 105 35*6 2:2708 38 21 104 54*8 2:2738 16 7 "5 357 Es. 89 47 47 104 e Equ. 3 59 123 35*9 a Delp. 15 37 "5 55 '9 ^3133 61 31 80 363 2:2711 3 X 3 104 55'9 2:2741 5 9 105 INDEX. 305 B.A. Name. Decl. Page. B-.A. Name. Decl. Page. xx HOUR contd. XXI HOUR -contd. M. / M. / 56-2 2:2739 19 45 "5 17-0 2:2790 58 17 80 59 Cyg. 47 I2 105 17-2 Ee. 137 61 31 81 58-3 A Equ. 6 52 123 17-2 2:2796 78 16 81 58-4 60 Cyg. 45 51 105 02:437 32 7 108 59 'o 2:2744 i 13 123 17*5 2:2789 52 38 108 59 '2 2:2747 37 20 105 177 2:2787 i 4 1 123 59*3 2:2748 39 II 105 18-4 Es. 138 60 24 81 597 12 Aquar. 6 8 23 18-4 i Peg. 19 28 196 2:2751 56 21 80 18-9 p Equ. 6 28 123 197 2:2791 4 I 124 XXI HOUR. 20-5 20-9 2:2801 24 58 80 o 257 81 2' 4 2:2754 12 52 115 21*2 2:2793 9 2 124 3 '3 6iCyg. 38 21 105 22*0 2:2807 82 10 81 3 '5 2:2760 33 49 107 22 'I Pair. 48 59 108 63 Cyg. 47 20 107 22-8 2:2797 13 20 196 3*8 2:2764 61 51 80 25 '2 02:440 59 24 81 3'9 2:2771 70 27 80 25-6 2:2799 10 44 196 3'9 2:2761 24 5 257 26-9 See 449 19 35 71 4-0 02:527 4 50 123 27*2 2:2803 52 34 108 4*9 2:2766 58 41 80 27-4 Aquar. 5 55 24 5 '2 2:2762 29 53 107 27-6 $ Ceph. 70 12 81 6-4 y Equ. 9 49 123 28-0 Hu. 964 66 42 81 6-8 2:2767 19 38 196 28; 4 2:2802 33 27 108 6-9 2:2769 22 8 257 2:2804 20 21 196 7 'i 2:2765 9 14 123 29-9 Ho. 288 4 43 24 73 2:2773 43 40 107 2:2810 58 45 81 8-5 02:431 4 55 107 3 2 '5 2:2812 59 18 81 9*5 ^270 6 53 123 33 ;5 2:2809 o 45 24 97 2:2780 59 40 80 2:2813 57 7 81 10-4 8 Equ. 9 41 123 337 3 Peg. 6 16 196 II 'O 2:2779 28 45 107 35*4 24 Aquar. o 25 24 11*2 02:432 40 49 107 35-6 02:445 20 22 196 ii '6 11-9 2:2783 37 4J 57 58 107 80 36-3 36-5 02:447 2:2816 41 23 57 8 109 81 12-5 2:2781 7 59 24 36-6 A. 1445 39 9 109 14-6 v Cyg. 34 34 107 37' 75 Cyg. 42 55 109 157 2/ 2786 9 II 123 37*5 41 Cap. 23 37 71 I5'8 Ho. 601 40 41 108 37-8 2:2817 2 2 4 16-2 Ho. 286 37 51 108 37 '9 2:2819 57 13 81 16-8 Es. 98 51 59 108 40-2 c Peg. 9 3i 196 VOL II. X 306 INDEX. B.A. Name. Decl. Page. B.A. Name. Decl. Page. XXI HOUR- -cantd. XXII HOUR- contd. M. o / M. O ' 4 "5 v Qyg. 28 23 109 5 '4 272870 60 44 82 41-0 Peg. 25 17 197 5'6 2:2868 22 9 197 41-0 2837 82 34 81 57 Tr 1 Peg. 32 47 197 41-9 2:2827 63 14 81 5 '9 2:2872 58 54 82 42-8 Z 2825 o 29 24 6-x 2:2867 7 34 197 43'i 2:2826 13 3i 7i 6'5 2:2869 14 14 197 44-8 2:2858 86 30 81 8'5 2:2876 37 J 6 149 45 '5 2:2828 3 i 197 8-8 2:2883 69 44 82 45*9 2:2829 30 23 197 9-9 41 Aquar. 21 28 24 463 2:2832 50 8 109 10-5 2:2877 16 48 197 48-6 02:451 61 14 81 10-5 2:2878 7 35 198 49*3 2:2840 55 25 81 10-8 2:2882 37 21 149 49 -6 2:2843 65 22 Si 10-9 2:2881 29 n 198 50-1 2:2845 62 43 82 II -4 2:2893 72 55 82 5*4 2:2838 3 4 24 I2'0 2:2890 49 21 149 50'5 2:2841 19 20 197 I3-2 2:2891 47 35 149 517 02:452 6 52 197 I3-2 2:2887 I 6 24 52-6 02:456 52 9 109 J 5'4 2:2894 37 22 149 53 '4 02:457 64 56 82 I5'9 2:2896 62 49 82 54' 2:2847 3 53 24 16*4 3 Peg. 5 23 198 54 '<> 2:2848 5 33 197 17*0 02:469 34 43 149 56-2 77 Pise. Aus. 28 51 212 17-6 32 Peg. 27 56 198 57*2 h- 5524 16 o 2 4 I9'3 2:2903 66 18 82 57*4 2:2851 12 23 2 4 19-8 33 Peg. 20 27 198 577 2:2852 53 47 109 19-9 51 Aquar. 5 15 25 58-1 29 Aquar. 17 ii 24 2O '2 2:2902 44 57 149 58-8 Ho. 177 36 35 I 4 9 20- 4 2:2901 3 25 198 597 ' 694 44 I 5 I 4 9 22*O 53 Aquar. J7 10 25 22'5 34 Peg- 3 59 198 XXII HOUR. 23-3 2:2905 14 44 198 2 4 '3 2:2908 16 51 198 '5 2:2854 13 16 1 197 24-4 2:2910 23 7 198 *'3 2:2873 82 29 82 247 Aquar. o 26 25 !'4 Ceph. 64 14 j 82 25*9 37 Peg. 4 i 198 1-6 15 Ceph. 59 29 82 26-2 8 Ceph. 58 o 82 *7 2:2860 60 28 82 26-3 E 2913 8 32 25 2 "2. 2:2857 9 43 197 27*4 2:2917 53 5 149 2'2 2:2861 20 25 197 27-8 2:2916 40 48 149 27 19 Ceph. 61 53 82 28-6 2:2915 7 o 198 3 -0 2:2862 O TO 24 3'5 2:2920 3 48 198 4 -6 35 Aquar. 18 56 ! 24 31-0 2:2923 69 57 83 INDEX. 307 R.A. Name. Decl. Page R.A. Name. Decl. Page. XXII HOUR contd. xxin H OUE. M. / M. / 31-2 7} Aquar. o 32 2 5 I'O 83 Aquar. 8 6 26 323 8 Lac. 39 13 149 I'2 2:2974 32 57 199 33 '9 2:2926 38 29 149 3 -6 2:2978 32 24 199 353 h- 5356 28 45 212 4'5 Hu. 994 63 ii 84 353 2:2928 13 2 2 5 53 TT Ceph. 74 57 84 35*9 Ho. 187 37 19 I 49 53 2:2981 9 16 26 36-9 Ho. 296 14 7 I 9 8 5'5 57 Peg. 8 15 199 37' ^3134 29 34 198 63 2:2985 47 32 20 38-0 2:2934 21 I 9 8 7*8 2:2988 12 22 26 387 ^2935 8 44 25 8 '9 h. 3176 12 7 199 39 - 2 77 Peg. 29 48 I 9 8 93 2:2990 21 39 199 40-5 13 Lac. 41 24 15 9'4 2:2996 81 23 84 4 "5 2:2942 39 3 IS 9'4 2:2991 10 38 199 427 Peg. ii 46 199 9*9 2:2993 9 23 26 42-9 02:480 57 39 84 117 /r 2 Aquar. 9 31 26 43 "5 r 1 Aquar. 14 29 25 12-5 2:2995 2 2 26 437 2:2944 4 38 25 13-0 2:2997 20 58 199 45*4 r 2 Aquar. 14 i 25 14-0 8 And. 48 35 20 45 '9 2945 30 54 199 14-8 2:3000 24 46 199 46-2 2:2947 68 9 84 14-9 94 Aquar 13 54 26 46-2 2:2946 40 6 150 14-9 95 Aquar. jo 3 26 467 47-8 2:2948 02:482 66 8 82 44 84 84 15-2 96 Aquar. o Ceph. 5 24 67 40 26 84 48-2 2:2950 61 16 16-8 02:404 21 31 199 48-2 h. 1823 4 53 15 16-9 E 3004 43 4 1 20 50-4 2:2952 27 36 199 17-3 2:3006 35 o 199 50-5 /8 382 44 2 150 18-0 64 Peg. 31 22 199 50-8 2:2954 14 46 199 18-5 97 Aquar. 15 29 26 51-0 178 5 25 25 18-8 2:3007 20 7 199 52-0 Pair. 35 55 15 I9'6 2:3010 45 21 20 52'2 2:2963 75 55 84 19-6 2:3008 8 54 26 53' 2:2959 3 41 25 19-9 I 1058 22 II 26 53 "4 2:2961 62 27 84 2O '2 2:3009 3 16 211 55 'i 2:2971 78 4 84 22*O 2:3011 76 38 8 4 55*2 52 Peg. ii 18 199 22 '4 See 485 22 II 26 563 2 Pise. o 32 211 22-8 0386 7 14 84 58-2 2:2970 JJ 44 26 22-8 K Pise. o 49 211 2 And. 42 20 20 23-6 2:3013 16 ii 199 243 Ho. 200 85 57 84 24-4 26-3 2:3017 02:496 73 4 58 6 84 7 6 308 INDEX. R.A. Name. Decl. Page. B.A. Name. Decl. Page. xxm HOUR- contd. XXm HOUR- -contd. M. o / M. / 26-6 273019 4 48 211 44*9 6Cass. 61 46 76 26'Q 02:497 9 2 199 457 h. 5423 25 47 222 27-4 273021 15 46 199 457 Es. 700 53 38 77 28-2 273024 43 23 20 47-8 273042 37 27 20 3' 72 Peg. 30 53 2OO 48-0 Ho. 205 38 50 20 31 '4 See 492 2? 56 222 48*4 996 75 6 84 33'6 O2750 43 59 20 487 273043 38 14 20 35-o h. 1896 61 45 7 6 48-9 273044 ii 29 2OO 36-6 273030 o 50 211 49'o Pair. 4 55 2O 37' 1 273031 5 49 211 50-2 h 27 30 222 38-0 027503 19 5i 2OO 52-3 273046 9 57 88 38*6 w 2 Aquar. 14 59 26 53*9 27 347 56 56 77 39'8 -273033 6 48 211 54 <0 273048 23 54 21 40 'o 78 Peg. 28 55 2OO 54-6 27 Pise. 4 o 211 4'3 h- 54*7 26 41 222 54 '9 a Cass. 55 18 77 41-9 107 Aquar. ig 7 26 55'4 273050 33 17 21 42-2 3037 68 i 7 6 55'9 086o 38 25 21 42*3 273038 62 13 7 6 57-9 85 Peg. 26 40 200 43'6 $995 46 23 20 58'4 273053 65 39 77 43-8 273041 16 38 2OO 58-8 273052 7 54 84 44-3 8 Sculp. 28 35 222 59 'o 273054 7 49 211 ADDITIONAL INDEX OF DOUBLE STABS, OUT OF ORDER IN R.A. OR INCIDENTALLY MENTIONED. s, Page. 2 Page 2 Page. 2 Page. 2 Page. 3 17 468 125 674 234 94 45 1126 69 101 87 484 55 695 56 943 129 H52 ! 7 6 153 79 514 125 702 188 951 174 "54 176 218 87 519 205 742 235 952 174 1169 57 266 88 527 125 745 189 953 J 75 1266 60 292 202 563 206 758 189 954 J 75 I3 4 117 358 88 617 56 782 195 1087 131 1342 164 416 231 624 126 784 57 1094 131 1386 246 466 125 643 1 86 817 185 I 120 1 36 1387 246 INDEX. 309 ADDITIONAL INDEX OF DOUBLE STARS, OUT OF ORDER IN R.A. OR INCIDENTALLY MENTIONED contd. 2 Page. 2 Page. /3 Page. f* Page. Page. J 474 !47 3072 154 31 52 253 73 5<>9 210 157 244 3090 1 60 35 1 60 258 74 512 39 1830 117 3096 161 4i 118 270 123 5 l8 88 1980 248 397 161 5i 169 282 226 521 202 1999 219 3101 226 55 31 283 215 528 88 2034 249 3106 179 57 33 288 "5 531 124 2054 118 3*7 179 67 i5 306 40 533 204 2066 249 3111 256 76 25 3" 126 556 188 2127 138 3H3 19 77 25 3H 157 566 *73 2179 249 3ii5 57 8 4 124 3i6 126 57i 129 2205 139 3116 *73 87 232 323 173 578 36 2338 1 66 3H7 J 75 103 146 326 175 586 146 2392 168 3118 *75 114 252 327 175 588 146 2393 168 3120 164 116 253 328 67 595 X 47 2398 120 3121 156 117 159 336 146 590 153 2410 120 3123 117 119 '160 339 147 603 !54 2421 I 7 3125 248 121 160 34 1 252 605 96 2426 29 3126 226 122 160 34 6 159 606 96 2428 29 3133 80 125 179 350 160 607 251 2440 120 3134 198 126 180 382 15 610 252 2445 256 129 1 80 386 84 612 49 2476 30 O2 J 37 169 392 73 619 225 2489 30 139 3 393 86 648 170 2531 31 175 131 149 213 395 222 658 IOO 2541 3 1 197 146 155 105 396 75 659 33 2545 31 313 136 159 107 398 1 8 661 103 2547 3 1 329 138 170 24 399 87 663 103 2569 213 443 196 178 25 43 125 668 7i 2595 257 517 186 184 126 410 37 694 149 2609 33 525 169 186 126 414 J 47 734 222 2640 121 527 123 203 37 417 140 125 2807 81 531 205 207 37 43 102 758 I6 3 2850 200 354 140 208 37 434 I0 4 794 II 7 2858 8l 210 146 441 I0 3 799 2 4 8 2873 82 211 146 447 257 860 21 2958 199 212 146 485 73 879 2 3 I 3012 199 I 74 220 97 486 86 883 1 86 357 73 6 87 22 5 253 492 74 887 43 3060 196 9 203 228 "5 494 86 893 44 3062 73 19 67 2 4 I 179 496 209 897 *75 3070 154 28 96 245 215 497 74 918 244 310 INDEX. ADDITIONAL INDEX OP DOUBLE STABS, OUT OP ORDER IN R.A. OR INCIDENTALLY MENTIONED contd. /3 Page P Page A. Page h. Page HA. Page. 919 244 I2 74 120 1774 97 1510 112 467 1 60 920 96 1278 232 1816 238 1567 7 1 53 220 921 96 1887 28 1618 107 504 22O 925 63 Ho. 2230 225 1823 150 619 216 93 63 2241 180 1896 76 630 2I 3 93 1 252 7 18 2386 180 2036 87 6 7 ! 33 93 2 252 19 44 2155 202 693 103 935 253 76 140 Hu. 2638 91 943 225 82 141 2866 216 I. 946 118 9i 142 3 125 2904 216 956 179 in 100 164 179 33 71 183 67 971 I2O J 37 104 438 125 3176 199 446 222 983 257 177 149 506 73 3565 124 448 222 995 20 187 149 523 18 3644 125 489 37 996 8 4 200 84 544 203 3750 158 871 147 997 r 7 205 20 738 96 3752 158 1039 216 1041 231 254 2 4 2 748 136 3780 158 1058 26 1048 189 270 170 908 248 3863 66 1074 242 286 108 917 249 3891 67 See. 1078 97 288 24 964 81 3945 67 1079 97 296 198 994 84 4321 37 2 221 1085 160 327 205 1080 233 4554 147 25 I2 7 1094 74 352 37 1097 56 4783 160 26 127 1099 74 371 37 1107 57 4850 220 47 157 III2 147 432 165 1125 60 53 215 7i 6 7 III3 254 453 100 1136 244 5082 215 74 6 7 IH5 178 572 171 1176 138 5356 212 75 6 7 1129 99 584 257 54 J 7 222 76 6 7 "34 80 588 103 h. 5423 222 78 6 7 H37 105 601 108 545i J 7 84 36 H39 80 323 86 5524 24 87 37 1160 86 A. 589 179 5528 71 95 37 1163 87 647 87 106 37 1176 80 88 28 702 1 88 m. "3 37 1182 204 283 103 881 3 150 H7 1183 204 567 9i 895 31 209 44 355 215 1204 3 57 50 1041 74 264 131 401 216 1246 147 677 153 1109 19 269 36 449 7i 1251 181 788 20 1201 250 368 97 485 26 1253 165 H45 179 X 347 169 376 147 492 222 1255 120 M45 1 I0 9 1470 1 1 02 457 160 INDEX. 311 ADDITIONAL INDEX OP DOUBLE STARS, OUT OP ORDER IN R.A. OR INCIDENTALLY MENTIONED contd. V Page. O22 Page. O22 Page. 022 Page. Es. Page. Z-App . 1. 19 210 93 !6 4 207 103 93 105 i 18 26 76 117 58 215 107 94 105 6 88 36 55 123 117 254 78 98 1 08 7 231 37 55 125 64 137 81 12 234 39 55 126 49 Es. 138 81 44 121 44 205 164 182 241 169 48 257 47 205 165 227 8 202 339 130 55 186 178 3 ii 203 700 77 QZS 58 186 181 256 3i i5 810 105 64 234 191 IOI 45 75 i 79 80 129 192 101 84 IOI i? 23 90 57 202 33 89 104 VARIOUS STARS. Name. Page. Name. Page. Name. Page. S 4 79 34 A.G. 200 135 P. III. 97 55 8710 216 Kr. 60 83 Innes 37 8749 i 1 88 Schj. 22 3 Lewis i 39 T^ 66 72 76 77 47 32 55 6 14 32 53 4 206 206 235 207 42-4 427 49'3 157 156 158 161 5 54 44 49 3 36 7 9 192 46 46 192 58*9 81 61 35 58 VI HOUR. IV HOUR. 3-6 170 21 48 159 7'9 82 32 20 207 5*9 172 26 2 132 8-8 820 49 17 207 7 -0 173 21 54 132 9-8 83 14 21 236 7'5 22 56 132 16-3 84 27 10 236 8'5 175 27 ii 132 177 86 20 38 236 . 12 'O 177 33 15 46 19-0 87 22 46 236 I5'5 181 14 41 192 40-1 06 32 47 207 17*4 182 II 47 176 42*9 97 68 2 58 I9-I 184 25 3 132 44-0 98 34 52 46 20-5 188 27 i 67 INDEX. BiRM. STARS contd. 313 R.A. No. Decl. Page. R.A. No. Decl. Page. VI HO [JR contd. X HOUR. M. / M. 1 20'9 I8 7 I 4 46 132 39'5 318 67 50 245 21'5 I8 9 19 19 132 192 38 31 46 XI HOUR. 31-3 194 J 26 177 47*2 336 JO 46 97 31-8 195 5 19 177 54' 1 337 3 56 254 4'5 200 3 24 177 43*4 201 o 47 177 xn HOUR 49-2 206 4 28 177 26*3 352 4 51 254 54'! 208 6 16 177 55 * 210 17 i 68 xm HOUR. 57' 211 3 8 177 197 378 47 25 64 57 " 389 38 16 64 vn HOUR. XIV HOUR. 4'3 216 218 7 26 ii 46 177 68 io-6 20'6 399 401 69 49 21 50 249 53 10-3 219 9 7 177 20'6 402 26 5 53 T 57 225 25 9 133 35-9 411 32 53 53 197 229 25 37 68 37*9 414 3i 54 53 21 '2 230 2 59 177 42-4 416 15 26 53 22'4 231 46 8 165 53'4 419 12 7 161 22*5 232 20 48 37 420 66 15 122 27*1 235 24 41 133 27*8 o 38 177 XV HOUR. 30-3 2 3 8 14 22 37 18-0 430 28 18 220 32-3 240 2 15 70 39*4 437 J 27 228 38-8 247 39 2 165 50-1 443 20 35 161 46-2 253 13 53 38 517 444 20 33 161 55 '5 446 36 15 95 vin HOUR. XVI HOUR. I0'0 15-9 21-6 40-2 261 2640 268 274 24 5 3 i 23 47 78 28 61 147 38 58 23*4 347 46-9 459 465 472 7 25 12 10 O 20 182 182 183 48-8 279 19 37 61 xvn HOUR. 7'8 4820 40 44 142 IX HOUR. 14*6 485 3 1 3 1 142 15-8 292 57 2 245 157 486 2 13 183 16-5 293 o 31 148 22-3 490 16 59 183 314 INDEX. Ea.-BraM. STABS contd. R.A. No. Decl. Page. R.A. No. Decl. Page. xvn HOUR contd XIX HOUR. M. / M. / 24-5 494 71 56 122 I '4 586 23 12 258 25*0 492 19 25 183 53 589 24 3 258 30-1 495 14 54 183 14-6 595 16 4 217 30*5 497 12 35 183 16-0 596 27 6 172 40 'o 502 4 22 183 16-1 597 22 25 258 40-2 501 18 37 183 21 'O 599 36 2 172 43'5 53 3 37 183 22'4 600 5 4 109 24-4 607 76 25 122 3'5 XVI 512 a HOUR. 6 32 184 29-4 44*8 593 611 624 639^ *6 33 22 34 20 SO 3 214 4 '4 c'l 514 513 43 27 J5 18 142 216 XX HOUR. j * 5 '5 j *> 42 13 142 1-6 643 20 26 214 8'3 5*8 18 58 216 2'O 642 27 27 217 8-9 5*9 ig 16 216 13-8 659a 49 41 no 9*1 520 ig 7 216 i8'4 664 36 40 in 93 9'5 107 521 522 523 33 16 22 48 Jtf 57 142 142 216 187 25*5 31-2 665 672 677 37 17 15 56 28 2 III 116 258 10-9 524 19 59' 216 34*3 679 17 59 116 137 526 18 17 216 44-1 688 45 45 in 13-8 16-6 527 53 13 28 24 57 223 216 45 '2 453 689 690 51 22 42 26 258 23 '4 535 21 17 216 XXI HOUR. 267 537 21 18 216 10-8 73 59 47 1 85 26-8 539 17 28 216 23-8 706 62 14 85 28-1 542 14 55 223 38-6 711 35 8 112 32'9 550 37 36 172 56-1 721 23 33 i 200 34*3 551 13 52 223 XXII HOUR. 38 2 39'5 4 0-I 40-4 40*6 42-0 557 559 562 564 566 ig 22 36 28 36 53 <5 43 39 13 33 6 217 172 172 223 172 172 0-4 8-6 97 22-0 722 723 725 726 729 27 58 52 17 56 52 4 44 57 26 200 21 85 2OO 85 45 '4 569 6 o 224 xxm HOUR. 53'5 54 '9 576 578 O 21 14 15 34 34 20-3 54 '9 7 f 762 5 44 62 26 77 78 56-2 579 4 34 172 57'2 764 59 55 78 INDEX. 315 OTHER STABS WITH INTERESTING SPECTRA. (H=Hyd. lines bright. M=Type III. N=Type IV. 0=Type V.) B.A. Mag. and class. Decl. Page. R.A. Mag. and class. Decl. Page. HOUR. V HOUR contd. M. / M. O ' IO- 4 5-8 M 8 14 89 287 5'5 H 18 29 236 10-6 5 M Jp 22 89 32'5 7-9 N 25 17 159 23-9 5-4 M I 7 2 7 211 50-8 i M 7 24 185 387 10 O 64 21 77 53-8 4-8 M 45 56 46 A/2. ' 4 - IVt I<5 2 211 51 '9 1 H J 60 17 74. VI HOUR. 0'3 6-0 H 6 41 192 I HOUR. 5-8 M 19 9 159 3 8-6 4-2 H 50 17 206 I0'5 5'5M 61 33 165 40-0 9'4 N 53 34 206 177 5'5 H II 45 67 56'2 4-1 M 21 28 8 9 24-9 5 -^- 6 58 174 56'5 5-8 M 9 52 8 9 8-1 N 31 32 132 II HOUR. 4 I'4 5-2 H 30 59 68 30-9 5-6 M 34 20 239 5'9 6-5 23 50 68 353 9-1 O 56 23 206 VII HOUR. 46*2 9-50 56 36 206 4' 2 57 H 23 43 68 5 1 '3 6 M 18 i 4 1 8-8 5-4 M 16 20 133 III HOUR. II'O 47 H 26 13 68 O'O 12-9 30-8 42-4 427 3-4 M 4'5 H 4*3 H 3'2 H 47 M 38 32 65 12 47 55 23 52 12 21 206 58 207 237 126 ii -6 153 21'0 2 3 '6 44-8 3'8 H 4-90 5-2 H 5'5 H 53 H 26 38 24 25 16 2 22 55 25 42 68 68 68 68 38 54 '3 2-8 M 13 44 126 vrn HOUR. IV HOUR. 55-4 5-1 M 67 58 245 2-8 4-5 H 47 30 207 IX HOUR. 24-4 3'4 36-9 5'5 H 5*4 M- i K? 4-6 M 13 13 8 23 16 21 jo 49 126 126 233 126 23'6 45*3 2 K 47 H 7 M 8 19 23 13 40 o 148 148 44-6 6 H 5 48 126 X HOUR. 48-2 5 M 14 7 191 I7'6 3-1 M 4 1 54 245 59'2 53 H 58 52 58 51*9 6-5 M 6 36 155 V HOUR. XI HOUR. 20'6 47 H i 46 192 343 6'i M 8 35 254 27-5 4-4 M 18 32 236 43 M i 6 59 254 316 INDEX. OTHER STARS WITH INTERESTING SPECTRA contd. (H=Hyd. lines bright. M=Type III. N= Type IV. O=Type V.) R.A. Mag. and class. Decl. Page. R.A. Mag. and class. Decl. Page. xn i [OUR. XX H OUR. M. o / M. o / 2 3 -8 5'9 M 56 9 246 2-9 7 35 26 109 30-1 3-8 H 70 14 121 7*2 7-8 O 35 56 109 43*8 67 M 4 o 254 8-8 7-90 35 57 no 50-2 5-2 M 9 6 254 9'3 7-4 38 7 no 5i'6 3 M 3 50 254 ii'5 7'90 36 25 no 55 ' 4-8 M 17 5 92 14-0 8 O 37 ii no xin HOUR. 14-8 16-6 6 H 8 37 47 38 29 1 10 in 13-6 5*2 M 5 53 255 177 6-8 O 43 36 in 27-8 5'i M 5 50 255 18-1 9'5 N 35 21 in 377 5'5 M 55 5 246 18-5 9'5O 36 40 in XV HOUR. 43 "5 4-2 M 5 19 26 10-8 8 M 2 6 161 57'i 47 H 47 12 105 32-8 67 M 15 21 228 XXI HOUR. XVI HOUR. I3'8 4-4 H 34 28 in 4-6 22-4 24*5 6-4 M 5'2 H i M 8 45 18 17 1 26 16 228 182 220 177 26-3 32-6 38-2 5*2 H 4'5 M 47 H 5-8 M 64 32 23 17 19 50 5 19 85 200 72 2OO xvn HOUR. 4 I-I 4 M 58 25 85 II'O 3 M 14 29 138 47'2 77 H 12 15 200 397 8-8 H 6 15 183 "X"XTT TTOTTR. 59'o 6-1 H 24 22 216 i*5 5'9 M 62 44 85 xvm HOUR. 17-6 4'9 H ii 48 200 3*3 9-6 O 19 25 216 21 '2 5 H o 57 27 37 7-8 O 21 16 216 323 57 H 39 13 I 4 9 14-6 8-8 O II 40 223 59'8 4-6 H 3 23 211 24D 40-2 6-2 H 8-2 H 25 18 7 H 216 223 xxm HOUR. 3-0 5'2 M o 53 2OI XIX HOUR. 117 9 60 i 77 I7-I 47 H 16 7 217 14-0 4-9 M 48 34 21 29'8 6-9 M 5 17 34 29'5 6 M 22 6 201 43-8 4 M 18 20 214 39'3 5 M 9 53 201 56'4 6 M 17 17 213 423 6-2 N 3 2 211 57'3 87 N 9 17 34 57'8 5 M 6 28 212 INDEX. NEBULA AND CLUSTERS. 317 R.A. N.G.C. Decl. Page. B.A. N.G.C. Decl. Page. I [OUR. IV 1 IOUR. M. ' M. 36-0 205 41 14 21 O*I 1501 60 41 58 38 '4 224 4 5 21 9'i 1528 51 2 208 38-8 225 6l 21 78 10-5 1535 12 54 127 43 -6 253 25 44 222 41*4 1647 18 55 237 48-8 288 27 i 222 1758 23 40 237 I HOUR. V HOUR. 20'6 404 457 5 2 4 35 17 57 54 9 7 23 78 212 I 4 '6 20'9 227 1857 1904 1907 39 16 24 36 35 15 47 159 47 27-3 27*9 29'3 31-2 4<>;5 584 58i 598 613 650 663 752 7 17 60 17 30 15 29 49 51 10 60 51 37 17 8 9 79 239 222 207 79 23 23'3 26-1 297 3 I-0 3 I-0 31-6 377 1912 1931 1952 1960 1976 1981 2022 2024 35 46 21 58 34 5 5 26 4 24 9 2 i 54 47 47 237 47 192 195 195 195 42*6 2068 O 2 195 II HOUR. 47' 1 2099 32 32 47 I 5'I 869 56 47 207 23-6 936 I 32 89 VI HOUR. 27-8 957 57 10 208 3*9 2168 24 21 133 35'4 36-9 38-6 4 2-I 42-9 1023 1039 i55 1068 1084 1097 38 43 42 26 o 6 21 7 55 39 36 23 208 89 90 127 127 4'3 24-0 28-4 43-6 477 59'i 2169 2232 2244 2287 2301 2323 13 58 4 43 4 55 20 40 33 8 14 195 177 177 68 177 177 HI HOUR. vn HOUR. 9-2 1245 46 56 208 14-1 2360 15 29 68 227 1332 21 37 127 24*4 2392 21 5 134 36-6 1407 18 50 127 28-2 2 4 09 I 7 i 38 41-4 23 32 237 32*9 2422 14 18 38 59 '5 { A 356*} 69 36 58 337 38-1 2420 2437 21 45 14 38 134 38 318 INDEX. NEBULJS AND CLUSTERS contd. R.A. N.G.C. Decl. Page. R.A. N.G.C. Decl. Page. vn HOT FR contd. XI HOT] FR contd. M. ' M. O ' 38-3 2440 18 i 38 21-8 3675 44 2 247 41-2 2447 2 3 41 38 377 3817 10 45 156 2482 24 5 38 48-8 3941 37 26 247 56-1 2506 10 22 38 55*3 4026 51 24 247 VIII HOUR. XII HOUR. 7*0 2539 12 34 38 9'8 2548 5 33 178 3-0 4111 43 34 64 35 '5 2632 20 16 62 6-0 4147 18 59 92 44'3 46-9 2655 2682 78 31 12 6 59 62 97 I2'8 4192 15 21 4216 13 36 255 255 47 ' 6 2683 33 43 157 14'! 4251 28 37 92 14-8 4254 14 52 255 IX HOUR. 15-0 4258 47 45 247 15-8 4274 3 4 92 16-5 2841 51 19 246 i6'l 4278 29 43 92 27-6 2903 21 51 155 17-8 433 4 55 255 43*2 2985 72 39 246 20-4 18 20 97 49 -o 3031 69 26 246 21-4 4382 18 38 92 22*1 4406 13 23 255 X HOUR. 22-5 4414 31 4 64 20'9 22-8 3H5 3166 3147 3242 3245 3379 7 20 3 49 73 5 18 14 28 55 13 o 229 229 122 148 157 155 243 257 26-8 27*4 28-0 30-0 4449 4472 4490 4494 4501 4526 4559 44 32 8 27 42 5 26 13 14 5 2 8 8 28 24 64 255 64 92 255 255 92 32*4. 4565 26 26 92 XI HOUR. 35*3 4590 26 19 148 17 3521 o 24 155 35'8 4594 ii ii 255 6-8 3556 56 6' 246 38-2 4631 32 59 64 IO'O 3587 55 27 246 39 -6 4649 ii 59 255 10-4 3593 13 15 155 44'5 4697 5 22 256 II '2 3599 18 33 156 44'9 4699 8 14 256 13-8 3610 59 17 247 46]5 4725 25 56 92 14-0 3613 58 26 247 4736 41 33 64 16-1 3623 13 26 156 483 4754 ii 45 255 187 3655 17 2 156 52-8 i 4826 22 7 ! 92 INDEX. NEBULA AND CLUSTERS contd. 319 R.A. N.G.C. Decl. Page. R.A. N.G.C. Decl. Page. I xni HOUR. XVHI HOUR. M. o ' M. / 7 -2 5<>5 37 27 64 7 '9 6568 21 37 218 9'0 524 18 35 92 87 6572 6 50 184 I2'2 5055 42 27 64 13-8 6603 18 27 224 137 5061 26 19 148 !4'5 6611 13 49 224 26-5 5194 47 36 65 15-2 66is 17 10 224 38-5 5272 28 47 65 16-3 6618 16 13 224 46-6 5322 6 35 247 19-6 6626 24 55 218 24-6 6633 6 29 228 XIV HOUR. 27-2 M.2 5 Jp ii 218 2- 3 5466 28 54 1 53 3i '5 6656 2 4 3 218 2 5 '4 5634 5 37 256 40-8 6694 9 29 224 56-3 5820 54 12 54 46-6 6705 6 22 35 2- 4 4*3 I2'8 XV 5846 5866 5897 HOUR. i 55 56 5 20 43 256 122 161 477 487 51 'I 53 "3 6709 6712 6720 6724 10 15 8 48 32 56 10 15 35 224 172 35 14-4 5904 I 2 22 161 XIX HOUR. XVI HOUR. I2'3 6093 22 47 221 13 '5 6779 3 2 J 73 187 | 6121 26 20 221 14-6 6781 6 23 35 28-0 6171 i 12 53 I8 4 40-5 6818 14 21 219 38-8 6205 36 36 *43 427 6826 5 19 112 41-6 6210 23 57 144 5 '2 6838 '8 34 214 43'i ; 6218 i 48 !8 4 56-1 6853 22 30 259 447 6229 47 40 144 52-9 6254 3 59 184 56-i 6266 30 3 221 XX HOUR. 577 6273 26 9 I8 4 I 'I 6866 43 46 112 xvn HOUR. **4 6864 22 9 219 X 4'5 6333 18 26 I8 4 18-8 6905 19 51 116 147 634 1 43 14 I 44 20-2 6910 4 31 112 33*4 6402 3 12 I8 4 29'8 6939 6O 22 85 52-2 6494 19 i 184 3'3 6934 7 8 116 57*5 6514 23 2 217 31-2 6940 28 2 112 58-6 6543 66 38 122 42-4 6960 30 26 112 58-8 6523 24 23 217 53'i 6992 31 23 "3 59'9 6531 22 30 2l8 59'8 7009 ii 41 27 320 INDEX. NEBUL/E AND CLUSTERS contd. B.A. N.G.C. Ded. Page. B.A. N.G.C. Decl. Page. XXI HOUR. xxn HOUR. M. o / M. o / 4-0 7027 41 55 "3 12*0 7243 49 29 150 26-1 7078 n 49 201 29-3 7089 J 12 2 7 xxm HOUR. 29-4 7092 48 5 H3 20-7 7654 61 9 8.5 35-8 7099 23 32 72 22*0 7662 42 6 23 53*o 7789 56 16 79 THE END. FEINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LTD., BECOLES. 14 DAY USE STATISTICS LIBRARY This book is due on the last date stamped below, or on the date to which renewed. Renewed books are subject to immediate recall. LD 21-40m-10,'65 (F7763slO)476 General Library University of California Berkeley C03"? v,