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 ^
 
 TOWNS of NEW ENGLAND 
 
 AND 
 
 (0lti Cnglantr 
 
 IRELAND and SCOTLAND 
 Tart II
 
 ///?
 
 
 >. 
 
 ^ 
 
 6^3 
 
 O <U 
 
 o 
 
 is
 
 TOWNS 
 
 OF 
 
 NEW ENGLAND 
 
 AND 
 
 ©lb €nglanb, 
 
 IRELAND and SCOTLAND 
 
 ^ TA I^T II mi 
 
 Connecting Links between Cities and Towns 
 
 of New England and Those of the Same 
 
 Name in England, Ireland and Scotland 
 
 Containing Narratives, Descriptions, 
 
 and Many Views, some done 
 
 from Old Prints 
 
 Also much Matter pertaining to 
 ®i)e Jf ounbersi anb Settlers; of i?ehj Cnglanb 
 
 and to their Memorials on both sides of the Atlantic 
 
 Printed to Commemorate The Tercentenary of 
 
 THE LANDING of the PILGRIMS 
 
 ISSUED BY THE 
 
 g)tate Street ^rusit Companp 
 
 BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS 
 MCMXXI
 
 Copyright 192 i 
 
 BY THE 
 
 STATE STREET TRUST COMPANY 
 BOSTON, MASS. 
 
 It was but natural that the Lion 
 and the Unicorn should have been used 
 on the Old State House for decorative pur- 
 poses when the building was first erected before 
 the Declaration of Independence. At the time that 
 the name of King Street was changed to State Street, 
 the original figures were destroyed, being replaced, however, 
 when the building was restored in 1882. Still again there was 
 a change due to the fact that the old wooden figures began to decay, 
 necessitating the substitution, soon after 1900, of the present ones, which 
 are made of copper. The wooden Lion and Unicorn now beautify a lawn in 
 Chestnut Hill, on the outskirts of Boston. The Lion and the Unicom are called 
 in heraldic terms "supporters," for the reason that they are the figures placed on either 
 side of a coat of arms shield, suggesting their support of it. They seem to have been origi- 
 nally introduced by the engravers of seals purely from an artistic point of view to fill up the 
 space between the shield of arms and the circle in which it is usually set, but they have nothing 
 to do with the coat of arms itself. The Unicorn is a favorite "supporter" in Scottish heraldry, 
 having first appeared about the year 1480. In 1505 it is recorded that the Scottish 
 Arms were supported by two Unicorns. As late as the year 1766 the Unicorn was 
 still placed on the right, but after the Union it became the left supporter, the 
 Lion being the right supporter. The Unicorn is, of course, a fabulous ani- 
 mal. The earUest heraldic lion known is the rampant hon cf Flanders, 
 which appeared in the seal of Richard I. These two present sup- 
 porters of the shield of the United Kingdom were introduced 
 by King James I of England and VI of Scotland on his 
 accession to the throne of England in 1603 and hav^e 
 remained unchanged to this day. Before this date, 
 however, supporters were constantly being 
 changed. A picture of the Old State 
 House, upon which appear the Lion 
 and the Unicom, is on page 39. 
 
 ^ UCLA MAP LIBRARY 
 Rec'd 7 MAR 1973 
 
 No.': File: 
 
 Edited, designed and printed by direction of 
 
 Walton Advertising &" Printing Co. 
 
 Boston, Mass.
 
 r 
 4 
 
 TABLE OF CONTENTS v . Q- 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Boston, Massachusetts 17 
 
 Athol, Massachusetts 4° 
 
 Attleboro, Massachusetts 44 
 
 Biddeford, Maine 5° 
 
 Bramtree, Massachusetts 52 
 
 Bridgewater, Massachusetts 55 
 
 Brighton, Massachusetts 59 
 
 Coventry, Connecticut 59 
 
 Dover, Massachusetts 65 
 
 Exeter, New Hampshire 69 
 
 Framingham, Massachusetts 72 
 
 Greenwich, Connecticut 77 
 
 Haverhill, Massachusetts 80 
 
 Hull, Massachusetts 87 
 
 Ipswich, Massachusetts 89 
 
 Lancaster, Massachusetts 97 
 
 Lincoln, Massachusetts 100 
 
 Londonderry, New Hampshire 102 
 
 Lynn, Massachusetts 106 
 
 Maiden, Massachusetts ii5 
 
 Manchester, New Hampshire 118 
 
 Medford, Massachusetts 123 
 
 Newbury, Massachusetts 125 
 
 Newcastle, New Hampshire i35 
 
 New London, Connecticut 138 
 
 Oxford, Massachusetts 148 
 
 Reading, Massachusetts 152 
 
 Rowley, Massachusetts ^55 
 
 Salisbury, Massachusetts 162 
 
 Sherborn, Massachusetts 164 
 
 Springfield, Massachusetts 17° 
 
 Stratford, Connecticut 176 
 
 Sudbury, Massachusetts 183 
 
 Taunton, Massachusetts ^85 
 
 Topsfield, Massachusetts ^92 
 
 Waltham, Massachusetts ^94 
 
 Warwick, Massachusetts and Rhode Island i97 
 
 Watertown, Massachusetts 203 
 
 Weymouth, Massachusetts 205 
 
 Winchester, Massachusetts 209 
 
 Windsor, Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts and Connecticut 212 
 
 Woburn, Massachusetts ^^4 
 
 York, Maine 218
 
 ENGLAND, 
 
 showing by capital letters and dots within the circles, location of the English towns mentioned in Part I 
 
 and in Part II.
 
 FOREWORD 
 
 THIS book, as in the case of Part I, has been compiled by the State Street 
 Trust Company with the object in view of placing before the people of New 
 England, in commemoration of the Tercentenary of the Landing of the 
 Pilgrims, information concerning those cities and towns in New England which 
 have been named for places in England, Ireland and Scotland. The work en- 
 deavors to relate the experiences of the early settlers, to make clear the origin of 
 the names of the new communities and to record the connecting links between 
 places in the old country and their New England namesakes. The sketches of the 
 early history of these cities and towns in New England include pictures and in- 
 scriptions of many tablets and memorials on both sides of the Atlantic which con- 
 nect places of the same name in New England and Great Britain, together with 
 many photographs and prints of interest. 
 
 The Trust Company has endeavored to include in this volume the most im- 
 portant cities and towns in New England which were named after those in England, 
 Ireland and Scotland and which were not included in Part I. The places described 
 last year were Plymouth and Southampton, Andover, Barnstable, Bath, Belfast, 
 Beverly, Bristol, Cambridge, Chatham, Chelmsford, Dartmouth, New Bedford 
 and Bedford, Dedham, Dorchester, Dublin, Falmouth, Gloucester, Groton, Hart- 
 ford, Harwich, Hingham, Melrose, Northampton, Norwich, Portsmouth and Rye, 
 Sandwich, Wareham, Woodstock, Worcester and Yarmouth. 
 
 There are a few towns in the New England States which, for lack of space, it 
 has been necessary to omit from both Part I and Part II, but we believe that we 
 have described in the two volumes most of the important places in New England 
 which have connections with the places in the British Isles whence they derived 
 their names. 
 
 We have thought it fitting to begin Part II with Boston, the other towns follow- 
 ing alphabetically. 
 
 The issuance of this book, which is the seventeenth annual publication of the 
 Company presenting a collection of matters pertaining to the history of New 
 England, not easily obtainable in books of reference now extant, is several months
 
 lo FOREWORD 
 
 ahead of the usual time in order that it may appear during the season when there 
 will be many pilgrimages from all parts of the world to the places in New England 
 associated with the early history of the Pilgrims. 
 
 We repeat here that the idea was suggested to us by Walter R. Whiting, Esq., 
 who showed us several pamphlets written by Rev. Louis C. Cornish showing the 
 connecting links between Hingham, Massachusetts, and Hingham, England. 
 
 The Company is very grateful for the assistance given by the Mayors of 
 the towns in the British Isles, heads of Museums and of Historical Societies who 
 contributed much valuable material but all of whose names, unfortunately, we do 
 not have. 
 
 The Trust Company wishes to give credit again to Ian Forbes-Robertson, Esq., 
 of Farnham, Surrey, England, who gave such valuable assistance concerning the 
 places in Great Britain and who obtained most of the pictures of points of interest 
 in those towns, for without such help as his these two volumes could not have been 
 compiled. 
 
 The Trust Company, too, is indebted to the late Oscar Fay Adams, who com- 
 piled a history of many towns in Great Britain but who unfortunately died before 
 it could be published. This material was presented to us through the kindness of 
 Miss Abbie Farwell Brown and Miss M. B. Lazenby. His manuscript was of great 
 help in checking the information concerning these towns across the water and it is 
 fitting that his work and his name should share in the preparation of these two 
 publications. 
 
 Thanks are due to Mayors of our cities. Selectmen of towns, officials of Libraries 
 and Historical Societies and other residents of places in New England who have 
 forwarded to the Trust Company for examination letters, records (in many cases 
 original documents) and photographs; to these persons the Trust Company and 
 the readers of this book are especially indebted. It has been our endeavor to 
 remember all who have assisted us, and we have included these in a list below. 
 There may be others, however, who, through the great volume of correspondence, 
 may have been overlooked, and to these persons the Trust Company offers both its 
 apologies and its thanks. 
 
 Much credit is due likewise to Perry Walton, Esq., of the Walton Advertising 
 and Printing Company, who has assisted in compiling and arranging all our publica- 
 tions for the past sixteen years, and to his efficient staff which includes Josephine 
 SulHvan, Hans Eberhard, Mary N. Cornell, Cornelia Randall, Ruth P. Wedge 
 and William Bond Wheelwright. Thanks are also due for the assistance given 
 by Mrs. Louise Ames Norman. 
 
 At the suggestion of a number of readers of Part I of this commemorative 
 series, the author of both books has reluctantly subscribed his name at the end of 
 this Foreword and wishes at the same time to add that he was assisted in their 
 preparation by Ashton L. Carr, Vice President of the Trust Company, by Ralph
 
 FOREWORD II 
 
 M. Eastman, Assistant to the President, by Miss Edith E. Olson of the Trust 
 Company staff and by Miss Florence H. Cabot, now Mrs. Herman H. Fardelman. 
 
 The Trust Company thanks the people of New England for the appreciation 
 with which Part I was received and trusts this one, its successor, will prove equally 
 interesting. Although these books were prepared to commemorate the Tercen- 
 tenary of the landing of the Pilgrims, and are of special interest to Americans, 
 they also appeal to the peoples of the British Empire. This has been shown by 
 the demand for Part I from all parts of the Enghsh-speaking world, and it is hoped 
 that these books will cement a closer friendship between the two nations. 
 
 We would hke again to thank his Excellency, Governor Calvin Coolidge, now 
 Vice President of the United States, and his former Secretary, Henry F. Long, Esq., 
 and also the many other persons who helped us on last year's book and who were 
 thanked in the Foreword of Part I. 
 
 In the preparation of this year's volume we are indebted especially to Hon. 
 Andrew J. Peters, Mayor of Boston, and his Secretary, E. V. B. Parke, Esq., who 
 helped us in regard to Boston. We also wish to thank Rt. Rev. Bishop Lawrence 
 for valuable help given us in connection with interchanges between churches in the 
 two countries; Rev. WilUam S. Key, formerly of Boston, England; Charles F. 
 Belden, Esq., Otto Fleischner, Esq., and other officials and clerks of the Boston 
 Public Library, for untiring efforts in procuring information of value for this book; 
 also Mrs. Mary Fifield King, Walter K. Watkins, Esq. and George Francis Dow, 
 Esq., for a number of pictures of towns in Great Britain. 
 
 The list of those who helped us on different cities and towns is appended. 
 
 Boston: Thomas Tileston Baldwin, Abbie FarweU Brown, Rev. Howard N. Brown, 
 George W. Coleman, Frederic H. Curtiss, Rev. William H. Dewart, Henry H. Edes, Rev. 
 Prescott Evarts, P. K. Foley, J. Pennington Gardiner, Edward M. Hartwell, Rev. W. S. 
 Key, Fred H. Kimball, Rt. Rev. William Lawrence, Rev. Alexander Mann, Robert Treat 
 Paine, Rev. Charles E. Park, Charles F. Read, Henry B. Sawyer, Ralph A. Stewart, 
 Charles H. Taylor, Jr., Julius H. Tuttle, Rev. William Harman van Allen. 
 
 Athol: Duke of AthoU (Blair AthoU, Scotland), WiUiam G. Lord, Pearl L. Mason, 
 WiUiam B. McSkimmon, F. E. Wing. Attleboro: Mrs. Walter M. Kendall, Walter 0. 
 Lochner, Rev. Charles H. Pennoyer, Mrs. Lucinda F. Spofiford, Mrs. Joseph L. Sweet. 
 
 Biddeford: Walter H. Bradley, Frank C. Deering, Rev. George A. Gordon, Emma 
 Hatch, E. L. Morrill, Burton H. Winslow. Braintree: Marion S. Arnold, Mrs. Carolme 
 A. Bill, Charles H. Taylor, Jr. Bridgewater: Lucia L. Christian, Joshua E. Crane. 
 
 Coventry: William L. Higgins, Mrs. W. R. Thurber. 
 
 Dover: Clara P. Atkmson, Arthur G. Fuller, C. H. Garland, Corwin McDowell, 
 Augustin H. Parker, Frank Smith. . , tj \r 
 
 Exeter: Edmund S. Boyer, Miss Carrie W. Byington, Minnie T. Kmght, Harry V. 
 Lawrence, Winifred L. MacKay, Dr. Edward 0. Otis. 
 
 Framingham: Nathaniel L Bowditch, Peter N. Everett, John M. Merriam.
 
 12 FOREWORD 
 
 Greenwich: H. Ashton Crosby, Erwin Edwards, Spencer P. Mead, Major Evelyn 
 Wrench, Dr. James F. Muirhead. 
 
 Haverhill: PaulE. Gray, Daniel M. Gurteen (Haverhill, England), John G. Moulton, 
 Leonard' W. Smith, C. S. Whittier. Hull: John H. Grout (American Consul, Hull, 
 England), Charles H, Pearson, T. Sheppard (Hull, England). 
 
 Ipswich: Francis R. Appleton, Joseph I. Horton, Herbert W. Mason, Mrs. Augustus 
 N. Rantoul, Augustus N. Rantoul, the late T. Franklin Waters. 
 
 Lancaster: Virginia M. Keyes, Mrs. Nathaniel Thayer. Lincoln: Mrs. John P. 
 Bowditch, John P. Bowditch, Moorfield Storey, George G. Tarbell. Londonderry: 
 A. E. Cudworth, Norreys Jephson O'Conor. Lynn: John Albree, Luther Atwood, Major 
 Coxon (Lynn Regis, England), Hon. Walter H. Creamer, R. M. De Cormis, Francis 
 Gray, Mrs. G. G. Hammond, Joseph F. Hannan, B. N. Johnson, Rev. W. Appleton 
 Lawrence, Walter R. Whiting. 
 
 Malden: Hon. Charles M. Blodgett, A. L. Clarke (Maldon, England), Dr. Godfrey 
 Ryder, F. A. Shove, W. G. A. Turner. Manchester, New Hampshire: E. Howard 
 George, Alfred S. Jewett, H. A. McElwain, A. W. Phinney, C. W. Sutton (Manchester, 
 England), Miss F. Mabel Winchell. Medford: N. Penrose Hallowell, Moses W. Mann. 
 
 Newbury: Miss Susan Ilsley Adams, Harriette E. Jones, Rev. Herbert Edwin Lom- 
 bard, Rev. Glenn Tilley Morse, Mrs. F. S. Moseley, J. B. Shearer, Rev. Arthur H. Wright. 
 Nevv^castle: Wallace Hackett, WilHam D. Turner. New London: M. M. Baker, Miss 
 Ehzabeth Gorton, P. Le Roy Harwood, Dr. J. F. Muirhead, Ernest E. Rogers, Major 
 Evelyn Wrench. 
 
 Oxford: Everett Carleton, William Arthur Dupee, Mrs. Clara A. Fuller, Dr. ElHott 
 P. Joslin, Mrs. William B. Scofield, Harry Worcester Smith, Benjamin H. Stone, 
 Stead W. Rodgers. 
 
 Reading: The late Solon Bancroft, Rev. J. J. Cogan, Miss Emma Florence Eaton, 
 Charles A. Loring, Rev. Austin Rice, Horace G. Wadlin. Rowley: Charles F. Allen, 
 Amos E. Jewett. 
 
 Salisbury: Edmund Chase Eastman. Sherborn: Francis Bardwell, Henry G. 
 Vaughan. Springfield: W. F. Adams, G. C. Baldwin, Frank H. Page. Stratford: 
 Edward Fox, Esq., J. P. (Mayor of Stratford-on-Avon, England), Miss Frances B. Russell. 
 Sudbury: Mrs. John P. Bowditch, John P. Bowditch, Rev. Paul Revere Frothingham, 
 Frank F. Gerry, J. V. Lee, John M. Merriam. 
 
 TXunton: The late Edith M. Hodgman, Frank Walcott Hutt, Edward Lovering, 
 Edward H. Temple, Edwin A. Tetlow. Topsfield: George Francis Dow, T. W. Pierce. 
 
 Waltham: Thomas H. Armstrong, C. F. French, E. L. Sanderson, Charles Stone, 
 John H. Storer, Rev. Francis E. Webster. Warwtck: Herbert O. Brigham, Howard M. 
 Chapin, H. R. Curtis, Mrs. H. W. Marsh, H. W. Marsh (Warwick, England), Thomas 
 S. Longridge, Herbert H. White. Watertown: R. M. Saltonstall. Weymouth: Judge 
 Louis A. Cook, E. R. Hastings, The Times, London. Winchester: George H. Eustis, 
 Sinclair Kennedy, Librarian at Guildhall Library, London, Henry G. Lord, Bowen Tufts, 
 Major Evelyn Wrench. Windsor: Juha M. Clapp, Gilbert F. Davis, G. G. Wilder. 
 Woburn: Judge Edward F. Johnson. 
 
 York: Mrs. J. P. Bowditch, A. M. Bragdon, Henry S. Burrage, D.D. (Historian of
 
 FOREWORD 13 
 
 Maine), Alfred Johnson, Edward C. Moody, James Brown Thornton, M.D., Sophia 
 Turner. 
 
 General: Rodolphe L. Agassiz, Hon. Thomas W. Bicknell, Mrs. Charles S. Bird, 
 Grace Blanchard, Mrs. AHce E. Boynton, F. B. Brightman, Thomas G. Brown, Howard 
 M. Buck, Charles H. Butler, Mrs. George Leonard Chaney, Howard M. Chapin, George 
 K. Clarke, Luther Conant, Rev. Louis C. Cornish, Mrs. George H. Davis, Mrs. Henry 
 Dorrance, Richard H. Evans, Fred T. Field, Redington Fiske, George S. Godard, Mrs. 
 Albert L. Hall, Henry M. Hutchings, Mrs. Mmnie T. Knight, Miss Mabel E. Knowlton, 
 Willard P. Lewis, C. D. Lyons & Company, E. A. Marsh, Louis L. Robinson, Samuel 
 Russell, Robert B. Smith, Louis E. Stoddard, Thomas Sutton, J. B. Taylor, Lucien Thomp- 
 son, Hon. John J. Treat, Walter K. Watkins, George E. Watters, Harold E. Watters, 
 Miss Florence E. Wheeler, Elbert W. Whitney, Robert Whittaker, Miss EHzabeth 
 Wilkinson. 
 
 In closing this Foreword we would like to express our belief that the spirit of our 
 forefathers so well referred to in a poem by John Pierpont almost one hundred years 
 ago in 1824, at the PljTnouth celebration, wall always endure in America. 
 
 "The Pilgrim Fathers, — where are they? 
 
 The waves that brought them o'er 
 StiU roll in the bay, and throw their spray, 
 
 As they break along the shore; 
 Still roll in the bay, as they rolled that day 
 
 When the Mayflower moored below. 
 When the sea around was black with storms, 
 
 And white the shore with snow. 
 
 The mists that wrapped the Pilgrim's sleep 
 
 Still brood upon the tide; 
 And the rocks yet keep their watch by the deep, 
 
 To stay its waves of pride. 
 But the snow-white sail that he gave to the gale, 
 
 When the heavens looked dark, is gone ; 
 As an angel's wing, through an opening cloud, 
 
 Is seen, and then withdrawn. 
 
 The Pilgrim exile, — sainted name! 
 
 The hill whose icy brow 
 Rejoiced, when he came, in the morning's flame, 
 
 In the morning's flame burns now; 
 And the moon's cold light, as it lay that night 
 
 On the hill-side and the sea, 
 StiU lies where he laid his houseless head; 
 
 But the Pilgrim, — where is he? 
 
 The Pilgrim Fathers are at rest: 
 
 When Summer is throned on high. 
 And the world's warm breast is in verdure dressed, 
 
 Go, stand on the hill where they lie.
 
 14 FOREWORD 
 
 The earliest ray of the golden day 
 
 On that hallowed spot is cast; 
 And the evening sun as he leaves the world, 
 
 Looks kindly on that spot last. 
 
 The Pilgrim spirit has not fled: 
 
 It walks in noon's broad light; 
 And it watches the bed of the glorious dead, 
 
 With the holy stars, by night. 
 It watches the bed of the brave who have bled, 
 
 And shall guard this ice-bound shore 
 Till the waves of the bay, where the Mayflower lay. 
 
 Shall foam and freeze no more." 
 
 {The fourth verse of this ode was printed on page 2g of Part I.) 
 
 This poem was also on the program of the Tercentennial Celebration held at 
 Plymouth, Massachusetts, on December 21, 1920. On this occasion Governor 
 Calvin Coolidge of Massachusetts sat in the chair brought over by Governor Brad- 
 ford, which is now owned by William R. Hedge, Henry R. Hedge and their sister, 
 direct descendants of this early Governor. 
 
 ALLAN FORBES, 
 
 President, State Street Trust Company. 
 Boston, 1921. 
 
 On account of the very great interest that has been expressed in this work, 
 both in this country and abroad, arrangements have been made for the publica- 
 tion in book form of this and the earlier companion Part. 
 
 The work will be issued in the early autumn, in two volumes substantially 
 and handsomely bound, and will be published by 
 
 G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS 
 
 2 West 45TH Street, 24 Bedford Street, Strand, 
 
 NEW YORK CITY. LONDON. 
 
 The State Street Trust Company respectfully refers to Messrs. Putnam all 
 future inquiries.
 
 From an engraving in the St. Bototph Club, Boston, Massachusetts Kindness of the Governors of the St. Botolph Club 
 
 ST. BOTOLPH'S CHURCH, BOSTON, EXGLAXD 
 
 There is also an etching of this church in the St. Botolph Club, presented in 1903 by William Har^vood 
 
 of Boston, England.
 
 TOWNS of NEW ENGLAND 
 
 and 
 
 Old England, Ireland and Scotland 
 
 BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 "St. Botolph's Town! Hither across the plains 
 And fens of Lincolnshire, in garb austere, 
 There came a Saxon monk, and founded here 
 A Priory, pillaged by marauding Danes, 
 So that thereof no vestige now remains; 
 
 Only a name, that, spoken loud and clear, 
 
 And echoed in another hemisphere, 
 
 Sur\'ives the sculptured walls and painted panes. 
 
 St. Botolph's Town! Far over leagues of land 
 
 And leagues of sea looks forth its noble tower, 
 
 And far around the chiming bells are heard ; 
 So may that sacred name forever stand 
 
 A landmark, and a symbol of the power 
 
 That lies concentred in a single word." 
 
 T. BOTOLPH'S TOWN, so well described by Longfellow 
 in these well-know^n lines, and our Boston have had many 
 interchanges, one of the most interesting being the collec- 
 tion of six seals of old Boston which now hangs in the 
 Committee Room of the City Council in our City Hall, a 
 present sent by Hon. Meaburn Staniland, Mayor of the 
 old tow^n, at the suggestion of John Lewis Clark, Esq., 
 who made a visit to Boston, England, in 1849. Mr. Clark 
 in a letter now on file in our City Hall gives an account of this gift in a commu- 
 nication addressed to Mayor John P. Bigelow of this city in 185 1. The seals are 
 all of the period of Henry VIII, when the borough was incorporated, and the 
 wooden frame was made from one of the original timbers of St. Botolph's Church, 
 of which Rev. John Cotton was vicar for twenty-one years. The frame bears the 
 following inscription : —
 
 i8 
 
 BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 Photographed by George B. Brayton Kindness Hon. Andrew J. Peters, Mayor of Boston, Massachusetts, and E. V. B. Parke, Esq. 
 
 SMALL BOX SENT IN 1919 TO HON. ANDREW J. PETERS, MAYOR OF BOSTON, NEW ENG- 
 LAND, BY HIS WORSHIPFUL A. COOKE YARBOROUGH, MAYOR OF OLD BOSTON 
 
 It is made from the railings that formed part of the dock in the old Guildhall, where the Pilgrim Fathers 
 were tried in 1607. The message that came within the box appears in another illustration. 
 
 TO THE CITY OF BOSTON, UNITED STATES 
 
 FROM 
 
 MEABURN STANILAND, ESQUIRE, MAYOR 
 
 OF BOSTON, OLD ENGLAND, 1849. 
 
 Our Mayor gratefully acknowledged receipt of the seals and at the same time sent 
 some books and reports of our city to the English city. Another interesting pres- 
 ent sent over here in 191 9 to our City Hall is an oak box containing a scroll upon 
 which the Mayor, Aldermen and Burgesses of Boston, England, congratulate the 
 Mayor and Governing Body of our Boston on the victories of the American armies 
 in France and the valuable assistance given to the Allied cause by the American 
 Navy. The EngHsh officials also refer with pride to the connection between their 
 ancient borough and the capital of Massachusetts. The plate on the outside of 
 the box explains its history: — 
 
 To the Honourable Andrew J. Peters, 
 
 Mayor and to the Governing Body 
 
 of the City of Boston, Massachusetts: 
 This box (which is made from the rails which formed a part of the dock in 
 the old Guildhall, where the Pilgrim Fathers were tried in the year 1607) 
 with the enclosed address of good fellowship, is presented by the Wor- 
 shipful the Mayor and Corporation of the Borough of Boston, England. 
 
 A. Cooke Yarborough, Mayor.
 
 BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 19 
 
 Photographed by George B. Brayton 
 
 Kindness Hon. Andrew J. Peters, Mayor oj Boston, Massachusetts, 
 E. F. B. Parke, Esq., and E. M. Hart-well, Esq. 
 
 OLD SEALS OF BOSTON, ENGLAND, 
 
 now in the Committee Room of the City Council in City Hall, Boston, Massachusetts. They are of 
 the period of Henry VIII and were presented to our city in 1849 by Hon. Meaburn Staniland, Mayor 
 of Boston, England. The frame was made from one of the original timbers of St. Botolph's Church, 
 Boston, England. 
 
 Among other documents in City Hall is a communication sent in 1856 from old 
 Boston to our City Government expressing appreciation of the visit of Hon. Joseph 
 Story, President of the Boston Common Council, who made a visit to St. Botolph's 
 Town the year before. Still another document was written in 1865 expressing 
 the sorrow of the people of old Boston at the time of the death of Abraham 
 Lincoln. 
 
 Another interchange of greetings occurred during the Mayoralty of the Hon. 
 Frederick O. Prince of our Boston, who invited the Mayor of the English town to 
 be present at the two hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the founding of our city. 
 The Vicar of Boston at this time wrote: — 
 
 "I beg you to convey in such way as you deem most suitable my 
 most grateful acknowledgments to those, who with yourself have been 
 the cause of my late invitation, assuring them that both as a successor 
 of John Cotton, one of your honoured founders, and as an inhabitant of 
 the Town from which your city takes its name, I shall ever cherish the 
 deepest interest in its welfare, both political and religious, and desire the 
 blessing of Almighty God upon it.
 
 " -:..>^' 
 
 i-i ^^if- 
 
 
 :>:,._ „ luuUi to ntfrr tu 111?,.— .^^ 
 
 
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 n 1 •i(i!H( . <!i 
 
 
 ^.•1 ■\rUou,^ on.' U- ll,:v .-.v .(, .^u I .ct .{ I I'-V 'Ifc-Jc^ ^ ;. ' />! ._ 
 
 ;m,^ ,,-'•! 'VM-l l=,l.,. H,,^ s<-. i:. ,- lUi .-■[(<•, tl.r an.rfH^uu' '^ 
 
 of iL 'flui .nu-" I.,;.-,. CMuu-ruvn. -vPw..^ tIh-,,, J.- iLvV. CViMfl-nj 
 
 •'t'lSi' unit c{ ijCH'i A^ii-ii-i-- iiun| iy <if»f, Ir ^'i-mI on't fVnru cuu"' T, ? 
 
 wrr.v,„.cMnj u^ L ^_ .„_„ ^ _ ! 
 
 '^EMt^h'"^ l?^^<nl If.,- f,„-,K^.!:.,M W flv t.H-jf,.!. ^i.>-V,fc,U., 'Plufu.u/ j '' 
 
 ya^ffz^-i^^ , ,_ 
 
 
 Photographed by George B. Brayton Kindness Hon. Andre^v J. Peters, Mayor of Boston, Massachusetts, and E. F. B. Parke, Esq. 
 
 MESSAGE FROM THE MAYOR OF BOSTON, ENGLAND, TO THE MAYOR OF BOSTON, 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS 
 It was enclosed in the box shown in another illustration.
 
 21 
 
 BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 I need hardly say that the Mother regards not only with no envy but 
 with honest pride of all right minded parents the far greater progress 
 which the daughter across the Atlantic has made and is likely to 
 make ... 
 
 I have the honour to remain 
 
 Your faithful and obliged servant, 
 
 G. B. Blenkin, Vicar of Boston.'' 
 
 Soon after the sending of the box to City Hall our Public Library received a 
 valuable present from St. Botolph's Town, which was presented by Alfred J. 
 Ogston, Esq., acting British Consul in Boston, and which was received on behalf 
 of this city, by Hon. Andrew J. Peters, our Mayor. Hon. George W. Coleman, 
 President of the City Council in 1915, and a member of the Council in 19 14 and 
 1916, made a visit to the old town in 19 18 and while walking along the river he 
 noticed part of an ancient oaken balustrade that once stood in the Court Room of 
 the old Guildhall before which some of the Pilgrim Fathers, among whom was Elder 
 William Brewster, had appeared as prisoners in 1607. The association of this 
 relic with our city is even more closely brought home to us when it is realized that 
 Richard Bellingham, Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, held the posi- 
 tion of Recorder of the city of old Boston, doubtless passing by the railing many 
 times a day during his routine of business. Mr, Coleman suggested to Hon. A. 
 Cooke Yarborough, Mayor of old Boston, that it would be a very fitting thing if 
 his town could send the rail, which was then being used as a back-yard fence along 
 the river bank, to the daughter across the Atlantic and it arrived in May of the 
 following year and is now one of the most interesting relics owned by the Library, 
 standing on the Huntington Avenue side of the delivery room of the central office 
 at Copley Square, the inscription on it reading: — 
 
 Before this railing, 
 
 once part of the dock 
 
 in the Guildhall of Boston, 
 
 Lincolnshire, 
 
 stood on trial in 1607 
 
 some of the Pilgrim Fathers 
 
 The gift of the City of Boston, England, 1919. 
 
 Mr. Ogston in presenting it said in part : — 
 
 "I have the pleasure, your Honour, of requesting your acceptance of this ancient 
 railing, as a token of the kindly and cordial feeling entertained by the City of Boston in 
 England for the City of Boston in New England, and emblematic of the feeling of love and 
 esteem which exists between the two nations."
 
 22 
 
 BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 Photographed by 
 George B. Brayton 
 
 Kindness Charles F. Belden, Esq., 
 and Otto Fleischner, Esq. 
 
 SECTION OF RAILING FROM THE GUILD- 
 HALL, BOSTON, ENGLAND, 
 
 once part of the dock in the Guildhall, before which 
 some of the Pilgrim Fathers were tried, now an in- 
 teresting relic in the Boston Pubhc Library, Boston, 
 Massachusetts. This ancient railing was dis- 
 covered by Hon. George W. Coleman, of our city, 
 on a visit to the mother town, and given to our 
 Library by Hon. A. Cooke Yarborough, Mayor of 
 old Boston. The presentation, which took place on 
 May 29, 1919, was made by Alfred J. Ogston, Esq., 
 acting British Consul in Boston, and the relic ac- 
 cepted for our City by its Mayor, Hon. Andrew 
 J. Peters. 
 
 Mayor Peters during his address made 
 the following remarks: — 
 
 ''Standing here it will serve as a Unk 
 between the old days and the new, mutely 
 teaching the great virtue of reverence to 
 our children. It will furnish a fresh bond 
 of attachment between ourselves and the 
 people of Boston in Lincolnshire. As Mayor 
 of the younger City bearing that honored 
 name, I send back sympathetic greetings 
 and warm appreciation to our kindred across 
 the ocean who have been inspired to this 
 act of gracious courtesy." 
 
 The First Church in Boston, on the 
 corner of Berkeley and Marlborough 
 Streets, contains so many tablets of in- 
 terest that they form almost a history 
 in themselves of the early days of the 
 Colony. The chief memorial is a re- 
 cumbent statue of John Cotton which 
 was erected to his memory by his de- 
 scendants and which was unveiled in 
 1907. The inscription records his birth 
 in Derbyshire, England, in 1585, and his 
 death in the Colony of Massachusetts 
 Bay in 1652; it also mentions that he 
 was a fellow of Emmanuel College, Cam- 
 bridge, in 1607, that he was Vicar of 
 the Church of St. Botolph, Boston, 
 Lincolnshire, from 16 12 to 1633, and 
 that he was Teacher of the Boston 
 Church from 1633 to 1652. The most 
 interesting feature of this memorial is 
 the stone pendant from the east portal 
 
 of St. Botolph's Church, which now 
 forms a part of the front of the pedestal upon which his statue rests. This 
 stone, which can easily be identified in the accompanying cut, dates from the 
 beginning of the fourteenth century and doubtless formed a part of the main en- 
 trance during the time Cotton was Vicar. John Cotton's body rests in a big tomb, 
 the First Church Vault, in King's Chapel Graveyard, but no other tablet in Boston 
 commemorates his valuable work for the Colony. Rev. Paul Revere Frothingham, 
 who is a descendant of John Cotton on his mother's side, made the address on the
 
 BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 23 
 
 occasion of the dedication of this 
 monument and during his address 
 referred to Cotton's great power 
 of application as a student, evi- 
 denced by a four-hour sand glass 
 which he turned over three times 
 a day, whereby he figured his 
 working hours. 
 
 While on the subject of Vicar 
 Cotton it may be interesting to 
 mention that, a month after sail- 
 ing, his fourth child was born on 
 the Atlantic Ocean and the 
 parents decided, therefore, to call 
 him "Seaborn," presumably the 
 suggestion having come from 
 Stephen Hopkins, one of the Pil- 
 grim Fathers, who thirteen years 
 before had a son born on the out- 
 ward voyage of the "Mayflower," 
 whom he named "Oceanus." 
 John Cotton's house stood on 
 the upper part of the present 
 site of the Suffolk Savings Bank. 
 
 The people of Boston will 
 always associate John Cotton 
 with the old town in England 
 from which he came, and they 
 will appreciate him as much as 
 the inhabitants of old Boston, 
 who, it is said, beheved 
 
 From a prim 
 
 Kindntss Rev. Charles E. Park, Julius //. Tuttle, Esq., 
 and Henry H. Edes , Esq. 
 
 MEMORI.\L TO JOHN COTTON IN THE FIRST 
 CHURCH, BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 On the pedestal can be seen an old stone pendant, dating 
 from the fourteenth century, from the east portal of St. 
 Botolph's Church, Boston, England, of which Cotton was 
 Vicar for twenty-one years. Rev. Paul Revere Frothing- 
 ham, a descendant of John Cotton on his mother's side, 
 made an interesting address at the dedication. 
 
 "The lantern of St. Botolph's ceased to burn 
 When from the portals of that church he came 
 To be a burning and a shining light 
 Here in the wilderness." 
 
 Another connecting link between the two Bostons has been made by the restora- 
 tion of the chapel in St. Botolph's, now called Cotton Chapel, and by a memorial 
 placed upon its walls to his memory, mainly through the Hberality of his American 
 descendants. Here is recorded a Latin inscription of his hfe-work written by Hon. 
 Edward Everett of our city, whose wife, by the way, was a descendant of John 
 Cotton ; translated into EngHsh it reads as follows : —
 
 24 BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 "That here John Cotton's memory may survive 
 Where for so long he laboured when alive, 
 In James' reign — and Charles's, ere it ceased, — 
 A grave, skilled, learned, earnest parish priest; 
 Till from the strife that tossed the Church of God 
 He in a new world sought a new abode, 
 To a new England — a new Boston — came, 
 (That took to honour him that rev'rend name) 
 Fed the first flock of Christ that gathered there — 
 Till death deprived it of its Shepherd's care — 
 There well resolved all doubts of minds perplext, 
 Whether with cares of this world, or the next: 
 Two centuries five lustra, from the year 
 That saw the exile leave his labours here. 
 His family, his townsmen, with delight — 
 (Whom to the task their English kin invite) — 
 To the fair fane he served so well of yore. 
 His name, in two worlds honoured, thus restore, 
 This chapel renovate, this tablet place. 
 In this the year of man's recovered Grace. 
 1855" 
 
 The restoration of the chapel was brought about chiefly through the help of three 
 American citizens, George Peabody, Joshua Bates and Russell Sturgis, who were 
 at that time living in London. They found that the chapel was being used as a 
 lumber-room and that for some time the town fire-engine had been kept there. 
 The corbels supporting the timber ceiling of Cotton Chapel are carved with the 
 arms of early colonists of New England. 
 
 The visitor to the First Church in our Boston will find tablets placed on its walls 
 to John Winthrop, Thomas Dudley, Isaac Johnson and John Wilson, all founders 
 of the church and all so well known that they need no description here. There are 
 also other memorials to John Leverett, Sir Henry Vane, placed there by one of 
 Vane's descendants in England, Thomas Oliver, Jeremiah Dummer, Ezekiel 
 Cheever, John Davenport, Simon and Anne Bradstreet and Anne Hutchinson. 
 Other tablets to distinguished citizens of this city were erected later to Edward 
 Everett, the Emersons, Robert Treat Paine, John Quincy Adams, Rev. Nathaniel 
 L. Erothingham and other persons too numerous to mention here. A doorway has 
 also been erected in the church by the Colonial Society of Massachusetts to the 
 memory of Governor Thomas Hutchinson "in grateful recognition of a long and 
 distinguished career of public ser\nLce always guided by a conscientious desire to be 
 loyal both to the Province and to the Crown." The only statue outside of the church 
 is that of Governor John Winthrop and it is interesting to mention to our readers 
 that a descendant of his now lives in the house directly opposite this Eirst Church. 
 
 Dr. Charles E. Park, the present minister of this church, and Rev. A. G. Peaston, 
 of the Spain Lane Unitarian Chapel of old Boston, carried on a correspondence in 
 191 5, and parts of their letters are here given: —
 
 BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 From a recent phot'/^ruph hy G. E. Hackford. Boston, England 
 
 COTTON CHAPEL (FORMERLY CALLED FOUNDERS CHAPEL) IN ST. BOTOLPH'S 
 
 CHURCH, BOSTON, ENGLAND, 
 
 restored in 1855 chiefly through the help of three American citizens then living in London, George Peabody, 
 Joshua Bates and Russell Sturgis. The memorial tablet to John Cotton, shown in another illustration, is 
 in this Chapel. 
 
 "To THE Minister and Members or 
 THE First Church, Boston, Mass. U.S.xA.. 
 
 Dear Brethren: 
 
 The celebration of a century of peace between the U.S.A. and Gt. 
 Britain, which we had hoped to commemorate suitably this month, 
 affords us the agreeable privilege of greeting you with cordiality and 
 affection. December 24th, 1814, will be ever memorable in this 
 Country, not only for 'ringing in the hundred years of peace,' but as the 
 inauguration of a sentiment of kinship, trust and good-will, which has 
 gained strength steadily, and has made a suggestion of armed conflict 
 between the two nations hterally unthinkable. 
 
 A. G. Peaston, Minister, 
 H. Barron Clark, President, 
 F. KiME, Secretary."
 
 BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS 27 
 
 To which Mr, Park made a reply which we quote in part: — 
 
 ^'To THE Minister and Congregation or the 
 Spain Lane Unitarian Chapel, 
 Boston, Lincolnshire, 
 
 England. 
 
 Dear Brethren: — 
 
 Your cordial communication having been received and read in Congregation, we are 
 directed by the First Church in Boston to address you in acknowledgment of your letter, 
 and to assure you of the Uvely and heartfelt gratification which your friendhness has 
 aroused in us. 
 
 We share with you the pride and pleasure of the thought that one hundred years of 
 unbroken peace have cemented the relations of these two countries in a union of ideals 
 and an identity of sympathies, which we are emboldened to hope and believe, can never 
 again be dissolved; and these feelings we believe to be by no means peculiar to us, but to 
 be the common property of all true citizens of the United States of America. 
 
 We are deeply conscious of the significance of this Centennial, standing, as it does, 
 almost if not quite unique in history, as the symbol of the longest peace that has ever 
 existed between two nations in such active and constant intercourse as ours; and giving 
 the world a notable object lesson in international comity and fellowship. . . . 
 
 The value of our own Centennial is tragically accentuated by these momentous events. 
 Our hopes and our wishes go forth to you day and night, that you come to a peace, that 
 shall be speedy if it may be, but that shall be honorable at all costs. . . . 
 
 On behalf of the First Church in Boston, 
 
 Charles E. Park, Minister, 
 John W. Bartol, 
 
 Henry H. Edes for the Standing Committee, 
 Jan. 25, 1915. John W. Denny, Clerks 
 
 The First Church also sent over funds during the war to be used by this church in 
 old Boston for the relief of soldiers' famihes. In 1880 Rev. Dr. Rufus Ellis, min- 
 ister of the First Church, visited the old town and brought back a number of 
 presents. 
 
 Another connecting link between old Boston and this city is a beautiful stone 
 tracery of an ancient window which was sent as a present from St. Botolph's Church 
 to our Trinity Church and which is placed on one side of the cloister leading from 
 the Clarendon Street entrance. The inscription on the plate nearby reads as fol- 
 lows : — 
 
 Part of the original tracery from a window 
 
 of the ancient Church of St. Botolph, Boston, 
 
 Lincolnshire, England, of which John Cotton 
 
 was Vicar for XXI years until he came to 
 
 New England in MDCXXXIH. 
 
 Presented to Trinity Church by the 
 
 Reverend G. B. Blenkin, Vicar of St. Botolph's 
 
 and placed here as a precious memorial of the 
 
 Church of our Fathers, October MDCCCLXXIX. 
 
 The fragments of this window had been discarded in old Boston and an American 
 visitor, seeing them in the corner of the church, expressed the wish that they be sent
 
 28 
 
 BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 over here to Trinity Church, 
 which was accomplished in the 
 year 1879. There was a friendly 
 rivalry in our Boston as to 
 which church should be favored 
 with this gift from the old city. 
 Rev. Rufus Ellis, pastor of the 
 First Church, and, therefore, a 
 .successor of John Cotton, 
 thought that his edifice was the 
 fitting place for the tracery to 
 be installed, while Rev. Phillips 
 Brooks as rector of Trinity 
 Church, the foremost Episcopal 
 church of Boston, urged that the 
 gift was without doubt intended 
 for his church. After several 
 pleasant discussions it was ami- 
 cably settled, and the mediaeval 
 stone work found a final resting- 
 place in the cloister of Trinity 
 Church. The Rector of Trinity 
 at the time of the receipt of this 
 relic spoke of the great value 
 which attaches in New England 
 to anything associated with the 
 name of John Cotton and added : 
 ''For ourselves and for the church 
 which we represent we acknowl- 
 edge a peculiar gratification in 
 affixing to our new walls so wel- 
 come a reminder of our mother 
 country and of our Mother Church, for whose prosperity and welfare we shall 
 ever pray. . . . The gift has attracted the interest not only of our own parishioners, 
 but of all our citizens!" 
 
 Trinity Church has five pieces of communion silver given by his "Maj^^. K. 
 George 2"^ by his Exc^. Gov*". Shirley: 1742," and on each one is the English coat 
 of arms. There is also in this church a memorial to Rev. Arthur Stanley, Dean of 
 Westminster, a great friend of Rev. Phillips Brooks, in memory of the first sermon 
 he preached while in America in 1878. Rev. Phillips Brooks preached several times 
 in St. Botolph's Church and also in Westminster Abbey, London. On one occasion 
 
 I'hniiifirupked by George B. Brayton 
 
 TRACERY WINDOW FROM ST. BOTOLPH'S IN THE 
 
 CLOISTER OF TRINITY CHURCH, 
 
 BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, 
 
 sent as a present by the Vicar of the English church. It is 
 placed in the open corridor on the Clarendon Street side of 
 the building.
 
 BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 29 
 
 
 when he preached in St. Botolph's, all the other 
 places of worship in the town were closed in 
 order that their congregations might hear him. 
 
 King's Chapel possessed for a number of 
 years some church silver, which Governor 
 Hutchinson exchanged for a new communion 
 service, the gift of King George III, at which 
 time he took away the old service, sending 
 some pieces to Christ Church, Cambridge, two 
 of which are marked, "The gift of King 
 William and Queen Mary to ye Reve'd. Sam'l 
 Myles for ye use of their Maj'ties Chappell 
 in New England, 1694." Other pieces were 
 sent to St. Paul's Church, Newburyport. King's 
 Chapel was founded in 1686 and the first 
 building was the first Church of England in 
 Boston. The corner-stone of the present build- 
 ing was laid on August 11, 1749, the architect 
 being Peter Harrison, who was born in Eng- 
 land in 1 7 16. In 191 8 a tablet was placed 
 near the entrance of the church in his honour 
 by certain architects of Boston. There are 
 also many interesting tablets to the early settlers 
 and to important members of the congrega- 
 tion up to the present day, including such well- 
 known people as OHver Wendell Holmes, Roger 
 Wolcott, Samuel Appleton, Charles P. Curtis, 
 Francis E. Foote, Henry Wilder Foote, Ephraim 
 Peabody, Robert S. Peabody, Thomas Newton, 
 one of the founders of the church, John Lowell, 
 Kirk Boott and Arthur T. Lyman. 
 
 Christ Church, which is usually referred to as the Old North Church, and 
 which is situated on Salem Street, once called Green Lane when it was the most 
 fashionable thoroughfare in Boston, is the possessor of two flagons bearing the royal 
 arms of King George and among other relics is the well-known "vinegar" Bible 
 also given by this king. 
 
 The St. Botolph Club in our city possesses some interesting relics of the mother 
 town, which are best described by quoting from the original records of the Club. 
 A meeting of the members was held on the 25 th of February, 1882, Francis Park- 
 man, Esq., the President, presiding, at which a letter was read by the Secretary, 
 parts of which are here given : — 
 
 From a photograph Kindness 
 
 Ian Forbes-Robertson, Esq. 
 
 MEMORIAL TABLET IN COTTON 
 
 CHAPEL, ST. BOTOLPH'S CHURCH, 
 
 ENGLAND, 
 
 placed there in memory of Rev. John 
 Cotton, by his American descendants 
 and others. A Latin inscription, written 
 by Hon. Edward Everett, given in the 
 text in EngHsh, describes the placing of 
 this memorial, in the year 1855.
 
 3° 
 
 BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 Photographed by 
 George B. Brayton 
 
 Kindness of the Governors 
 
 of the St. Botolph Club, 
 
 Boston, Massachusetts 
 
 LOVING CUP, FORMERLY THE PROPERTY 
 
 OF THE CORPORATION OF BOSTON, 
 
 ENGLAND, 
 
 presented to the St. Botolph Club, Boston, Mas- 
 sachusetts, by Rev. George E. Ellis, whose nephew, 
 Arthur B. Ellis, Esq., brought it to this country. 
 It was presented to the Club on February 25, 
 1882, and accepted on behalf of the Club by Francis 
 Parkman, Esq., then President. The cup is marked 
 beneath the Borough Arms, "Richard Bell, Mayor, 
 I745-" 
 
 "Dear Mr. Parkman: — 
 
 I herewith — through you as its Presi- 
 dent, — present to the St. Botolph Club, of 
 this City, a massive Silver-Gilt 'Loving 
 Cup ' formerly belonging to the Corporation 
 of our Mother-town, Boston, Lincolnshire, 
 England. The Cup, with other pieces of 
 Silver-plate belonging to that Corporation, 
 was sold by auction in June, 1837, was pur- 
 chased by Mr. Daniel Jackson, and by him 
 bequeathed to his Son, Mr. George Jackson, 
 on whose death in May, 1 881, it was at the 
 disposal of his widow. 
 
 My nephew, Mr. Arthur B. Ellis, being 
 in Boston last summer, and having the 
 opportunity, thinking I might wish to 
 possess the Cup, was allowed to bring it to 
 this country. 
 
 It seemed to me that the St. Botolph 
 Club should fitly have the Cup in its posses- 
 sion and would value it though it is not 
 requisite that they should put it to its origi- 
 nal use. . . . 
 
 George E. Ellis." 
 
 On motion of Mr. Bradford it was 
 
 "Voted that the thanks of the Club be 
 tendered to the Rev'd. Dr. George E. Ellis 
 for his valuable gift of a 'Loving Cup,' 
 formerly owned by the Corporation of Bos- 
 ton, England, which is hereby gratefully 
 accepted upon the conditions named in his 
 letter of the 22nd day of February, 1882. 
 
 Adjourned, T. R. Sullivan, Secretary." 
 
 This cup is marked beneath the Borough Arms, "Richard Bell, Mayor, 1745." 
 Three years later the Club received another valuable relic of old Boston, the gift 
 being made at a special meeting of the Club held on Monday, June 22. The Presi- 
 dent, Francis Parkman, Esq., called the meeting to order and introduced to the 
 members Rev. William S. Key of Boston, England, who then presented to the 
 Club on behalf of the Municipal Charity Trustees of St. Botolph's Town a casting, 
 or reproduction, of its Borough Arms. On this occasion the cup was filled and 
 passed round among those present, who drank suitable toasts to the two Bostons 
 and to the mermaids that appear on the shield. After an acceptance of the gift by 
 the President, the following votes of thanks were passed by the meeting: — 
 
 "Voted that the cordial thanks of the St. Botolph Club be extended 
 to the Rev. WiUiam S. Key for the kind efforts which he has made in 
 securing this interesting gift for permanent exhibition by the Club.
 
 BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 31 
 
 Voted that we accept with warm thanks 
 the kind and welcome gift of the Municipal 
 Charity Trustees of the Borough of Boston, 
 England. 
 
 Voted that the Arms of the Town of 
 St. Botolph be placed in our Club-House as 
 a memorial of Old Boston and a token of 
 the cordial regard borne towards her by her 
 namesake." 
 
 These records are signed by Arthur B. 
 Ellis, Esq., Secretary. The discovery 
 of this relic and its voyage to our 
 Boston are worth describing. In 1881 
 Rev. William -S. Key and two friends 
 of his, sons of Rev. Rufus Ellis, former 
 pastor of the First Church, Boston, 
 Massachusetts, while visiting the Town 
 Hall in old Boston, formerly the Hall of 
 the Guild of St. Mary, where the leaders 
 of the Pilgrim band were confined, un- 
 earthed from a pile of rubbish in the 
 basement the original Borough Arms 
 made of wood which used to hang over 
 the Recorder's seat in the Hall. A year 
 later Mr. Key received an invitation 
 from his Worshipful the Mayor, John 
 Cabourn Simonds, who for some time 
 carried on an extensive business with 
 
 Photographed by George B. Brayton Kindness nf thr (,iu,rnor> 
 
 of the St. Botolph Club, Boston, M.i luihu^etts 
 
 COAT OF ARMS OF BOSTON, ENGLAND 
 
 A replica of the old Coat of Arms which was dis- 
 covered by Rev. WiUiam S. Key, in the Guildhall 
 of Boston, England, where the leaders of the Pilgrim 
 band were tried. The original used to hang over 
 the Recorder's desk and was unearthed from a pile 
 of rubbish in the basement of the building. This 
 reproduction was presented by John Cabourn 
 Simonds, Mayor of the old town, the St. Botolph 
 Club accepting it at a meeting of the Club on June 
 22, 1885. It now hangs on the Club walls. 
 
 American firms in corn and cotton-seed, 
 
 to attend a meeting of the Pilot Commissioners to be held in the Hall of Justice, 
 or Court Room, where Elder Brewster and his friends had been tried. The 
 people of St. Botolph 's Town had not known of the existence of this treasure 
 and at the meeting thanked the discoverer and suggested that a replica be made 
 in metal and that it should be presented to the St. Botolph Club in Boston, 
 Massachusetts, which organization, as the presiding officer expressed it, "stands for 
 the closest relationship between our own town and its namesake beyond the Atlan- 
 tic." It was necessary to determine the exact colouring to be used in reproducing the 
 various symbolic figures and this was attained by a visit to the Herald's College in 
 London, When finished, the Arms was exhibited in a window in the market-place 
 of old Boston, while over the building floated the Stars and Stripes, the occasion 
 arousing great interest. Upon its arrival at this port the Custom House authori- 
 ties were in a quandary as to how to classify it and a charge would have been
 
 32 BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 ®oi?ou0h >^ip'^ of lo^ton 
 
 ijic it ImoujntUat this anrifnt luuliiiua wa'i pmTlia5r6 bij ifrauk IBarriscm.(5sqmrp,3.f^.a rfsiCimt of this 
 iioiim.frcmi the (Soumiors of the ?6ii!iton (SvmmTnir §'i'hoiil jfounDation.anD bq him ronUpyfCi to thc/I'^ngoF, 
 AlCirrmcu mi& ?i3iu"ii«sf5 of this IBovciugh.f nv thric usf in prrprtuitij anO through thr hbcraliti) of thf inhahitaxits anD a 
 sub'jtautiol donation from thf Bootoniau ^orirtii.l3o!.\tou.iVla'J5arhusett6.t3i.S. A.a funb mao raisrii bij the ^, 
 <llai|ov, anii i?xpfn&f& in thp prwcruation of the Itkildinam rommcmoration of the Eei^n of l^is late illajestga 
 
 IRinn ^^;Dluav^ VU. " _M 
 
 From the Bo<to7iian Society Publications Kindness C. F. Read, Esq., and Charles H. Taylor, Jr., Esq. 
 
 TABLET IN GUILDHALL, BOSTON, ENGLAND 
 
 recording the fact that members of the Bostonian Society, of Boston, Massachusetts, subscribed £ioo 
 
 towards the restoration of this building. 
 
 levied had not Oliver Wendell Holmes, James Russell Lowell and Francis Park- 
 man, President of the St. Botolph Club, persuaded the Collector of the Port to 
 release it. Both of these presents, together with a number of pictures of the Eng- 
 hsh town, adorn the walls of the St. Botolph Club, which takes its name from the 
 Patron Saint of the town. On every seventeenth of June the Club has a lunch- 
 eon to celebrate his birthday. Members of the Club sent funds some time ago to 
 help defray expenses for repairs to St. Botolph's Church. 
 
 The Bostonian Society, in the Old State House, Boston, Mass., is proud of the 
 fact that a tablet in the Guildhall of old Boston records that the members of this 
 well-known society subscribed £ioo in 191 5, towards the restoration of this ancient 
 building and the following letter of thanks was sent by Hon. James Eley, Mayor of 
 Boston, England, to Grenville H. Norcross, Esq., President of the Bostonian 
 Society: — 
 
 "Your letter of the 22nd ult. is to hand, and I beg to thank you for your kindly thought 
 of me. No ceremony with reference to the preservation of the Guildhall has yet taken 
 place. I waited during last summer in the hope that some of your members might be in 
 the old country, and I intended arrangements whereby the completion of the work and the 
 splendid generosity of the Bostonian Society should be recognized and placed on record. 
 However, I trust the pleasure is only deferred, and when this terrible war is over, I look 
 forward to something of the kind. . . . The country wall generally wait for the victory and 
 deem no sacrifice too great to secure a lasting and honourable peace. 
 
 I am, Dear Sir, very truly yours, 
 
 James Eley." 
 
 The Bostonian Society, which owns a splendid collection of Boston rehcs of the 
 old days, also has on view to the many visitors who go there a wooden model of 
 St. Botolph's Church and, also, many attractive pictures of old Boston. This 
 Society some years ago sent to the Guildhall a large picture of our Old State House. 
 While Hon. William Bedford was Mayor of the English Boston, he carried on an
 
 BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 33 
 
 From a recent photograph 
 
 interesting correspondence with the Bostonian 
 Society and always entertained visitors from 
 this city. There have been so many visits 
 by our prominent citizens to the old town 
 that it is impossible to mention more than a 
 few. In 1895, Hon. T. F. Bayard, the first 
 Ambassador to Great Britain from the United 
 States, went to Boston, Lincolnshire, and 
 distributed prizes at the old grammar school 
 and while there attended a banquet given in 
 his honour by the Mayor and Corporation 
 of the town. In a speech Mr. Bayard spoke 
 as follows: — 
 
 "This Boston — this Boston of old England — 
 is the mother and the name giver of a younger 
 and a stronger Boston far away across the sea. 
 And yet the younger and the stronger Boston, 
 the city that holds perhaps one half-million of 
 inhabitants, owes so much, how much cannot be 
 fully stated or measured, to the little town of 
 twenty thousand people that preserves its exist- 
 ence and holds its own on this side of the At- 
 lantic." 
 
 In the following year a party of American 
 CongregationaUsts, chief of whom was Rev. 
 Dr. Dunning of Boston, landed in Plymouth 
 and visited the old town in Lincolnshire, being 
 entertained while there by the Mayor and 
 other officials. Dr. Dunning spoke of our city 
 and of John Cotton in the following terms : — 
 
 "Old Boston is our home, and we feel that we have come back to the land to which we 
 belong. It was a Vicar of Old Boston that practically founded the city of New Boston. 
 I suppose we may accept the opinion that the successors of John Cotton have preached as 
 well as he did, for we have abundant testimony that they do." 
 
 In 1897 Rt. Rev. William Lawrence, Bishop of Massachusetts, visited the old 
 
 town and from the pulpit of St. Botolph's Church referred in these words to the 
 
 ties that united the two Bostons: — 
 
 "You little realize what it is for one born in Boston, in the United States, a citizen of 
 Boston, the Bishop not only of Boston, but of the State, of which Boston is the capital — 
 you Uttle realize, with what deep emotion he comes here and looks in the faces of you who 
 are citizens of old Boston, and recalls to mind what the newer Boston owes to you, with 
 what sympathy it turns towards you, and with what sincerity it tells you that we are 
 brethren — brethren not only in Christ and in the Church — but brethren in race, in blood, 
 in free institutions — brethren as sons of England." 
 
 i 
 
 Kindness 
 Jan Forbes-Robertson, Esq, 
 
 THE GUILDHALL, BOSTON, 
 ENGLAND, 
 
 where the Pilgrim Fathers were tried. The 
 Bostonian Society of our Boston subscribed 
 towards its restoration in 19 15 and a tablet 
 shown in another illustration records this 
 fact. The Boston Public Library is the pos- 
 sessor of part of the ancient raihng that came 
 from this building, also shown in another cut.
 
 34 
 
 BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 From a photograph 
 
 Another visit was that of Rev. George W. 
 Shinn, Rector of Grace Church, Newton, who 
 journeyed there in 1905 to inspect the plan of 
 St. Botolph's Church with the idea that some 
 church in this country might copy the old 
 church "where Cotton served so long and at 
 whose altars so many of the colonists to 
 America had worshipped." In 1909, on the 
 sexcentenary of the founding of St. Botolph's 
 Church, many Americans attended unofhcially 
 the celebration, although the Mayor of our 
 city and other distinguished persons who had 
 been invited were unable to be present. 
 
 It has often been supposed that our city 
 was named by, or for, John Cotton but this is 
 not so, as Cotton came to this country three 
 years after our city had been changed from 
 Trimountain to Boston. There have been 
 many legends concerning its nam.e ; some his- 
 torians believe our Boston was so named as a 
 compliment to Isaac Johnson of old Boston, 
 who came here in 1630; other historians be- 
 lieve it was so called to encourage John Cotton 
 to come to this country and assist the colony, 
 while Hon. R. C. Winthrop stated that "The 
 name of Boston was especially dear to the 
 Massachusetts colonists from its associations 
 with St. Botolph's town and this was probably 
 In speaking of the early settlers. Governor 
 Hutchinson mentioned that "Lincolnshire contributed greatly to the new planta- 
 tion and more of our principal families derive their origin from thence than from 
 any part of England, unless the City of London be an exception." The writer 
 of "Pilgrim Fathers of New England" makes the statement that "probably 
 there is no town in England that has sent forth so many of its best and worthiest 
 citizens to the great work of colonizing America than this town of Boston." 
 As a proof of this statement, we may mention the names of some of the early 
 settlers in our city who lived in the English Boston or nearby: Isaac Johnson 
 and John Humphrey, brothers-in-law of the third Earl of Lincoln, who was a 
 leader of the Puritan party and who lived at Sempringham, not far from old 
 Boston; Thomas Dudley who was steward or manager of the Earl's estate 
 lived in or near Boston; also Simon Bradstreet who was a member of his 
 
 Kindness 
 Ian Forbes-Robertson, Esq. 
 
 THE PULPIT IN ST. BOTOLPH'S 
 CHURCH, BOSTON, ENGLAND, 
 
 from which Rev. John Cotton preached be- 
 fore he came to New England. He was Vicar 
 of this Enghsh church for twenty-one years. 
 Once when Rev. PhilHps Brooks preached 
 from this pulpit, all the other churches in 
 old Boston were closed so that the congrega- 
 tions could listen to his excellent sermon. 
 
 really the reason for its selection."
 
 BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 35 
 
 household. To our town also came John 
 Leverett, whose father, Thomas Leverett, 
 had been an Alderman of Boston in Lincoln- 
 shire; Richard Bellingham, who had held the 
 position of Recorder there as already men- 
 tioned, and Atherton Hough, who had been 
 Mayor of the city in 1628. William Codding- 
 ton, one of the early governors of Rhode 
 Island, was born in Boston, England, in 1601. 
 The English town, as we have seen, furnished, 
 therefore, four governors of Massachusetts 
 and one of Rhode Island. 
 
 Few places in England possess a more 
 impressive history than Boston. Its records 
 go back to the middle of the seventh century 
 when Botolf, a Saxon monk, often called "the 
 Saint of seafaring men," founded a monastery 
 on the site of an inconspicuous village called 
 Icanhoe in 654. The word "Boston" is 
 usually held to mean Botolf 's ton (or town). 
 As early as 1270 the form Botolfston is found 
 in an English poem and in the fourteenth 
 century such names as "Botolestone" and 
 " Botolf 's tune" occur. Still later, Lambarde, 
 about the year 1577, states that the place was 
 then called Bostonstow, though "commonly 
 and corruptly called Boston." Towards the 
 end of the ninth century the Danes invaded 
 the place and the followers of St. Botolph and his buildings were swept away. In 
 1309 the church, which tradition says was built on wool-packs, was rebuilt, largely 
 through the efforts of Margaret Tilney, to whom a memorial has been placed in the 
 church. The tower which is usually known as "Boston Stump" can be seen forty 
 miles out to sea, and the many American visitors there are never tired of speaking 
 of the impressiveness of the old church, with its high tower, on the banks of the river 
 Witham. The church has some peculiar architectural features. It has a narrow 
 winding stone staircase composed of three hundred and sixty-five steps, the exact 
 number of days in a year; seven doors, being the number of days in a week; is lighted 
 by fifty-two windows, the number of weeks in a year. The clerestory roof is sup- 
 ported on twelve massive stone columns, the number of months in a year; while, 
 in order to reach the library located over the South porch, which contains ofhcial 
 relics of Rev. John Cotton's family, among them being the baptismal registers of 
 
 an enlargement in the St. Botolph Clu 
 Massachusetts 
 
 Boston, 
 Kindness of the Governors oj the St. Botolph Club 
 
 FIGURE OF ST. BOTOLPH ON ST. 
 
 BOTOLPH'S CHURCH, BOSTON, 
 
 ENGLAND
 
 From an old print owned by Allan Forbes 
 
 BOSTON, ENGLAND, FROM THE TOWER OF ST. BOTOLPH'S CHURCH 
 
 From an old print engraved by j. IValker jrom a drawing by JV. Brand, published lygs, London 
 
 BOSTON, ENGLAND 
 
 Owned by Allan Forbes
 
 BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 37 
 
 his children, the visitor has to 
 climb twenty-four much worn 
 stone steps, — the same number 
 as the hours in a day. To reach 
 the roof of the chancel one must 
 climb sixty steps, the exact num- 
 ber of minutes in an hour and 
 seconds in a minute. At the left 
 as one enters the door of St. 
 Botolph's Church there is a 
 heavy oak chest, iron-bound and 
 with a heavy padlock attached, 
 which is filled every Saturday 
 night with four-pound "quar- 
 tern" loaves purchased out of 
 the income derived from legacies 
 left by different benefactors who 
 made the bequests between the 
 years 1600 and 1755 a. d. and on 
 Sunday, at the close of morning 
 service, the loaves are distributed 
 to a number of deserving women. 
 This chest was discovered in the 
 belfry of the church by Hon. 
 Edward Everett while he was 
 Minister to England on a trip 
 made to Boston, during which 
 he ascended the "Stump," or 
 tower of the church, and espied 
 the chest from his high position. 
 The Vicar was much surprised 
 to hear of his discovery and 
 immediately had it brought 
 down, thoroughly overhauled 
 and put to its present use. 
 
 Boston is about four miles 
 from the sea and a lantern in the 
 top of the tower formerly acted 
 as a guide to mariners. It was 
 this lamp in the old tower that is 
 home for the wilderness of New 
 
 From a photograph Kindness Fred H. Kimhall, Esq. 
 
 STATUE OF ANNE HUTCHINSON IN THE STATE 
 HOUSE, BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 Anne Hutchinson, who was Anne Marbury before her mar- 
 riage, was the daughter of a minister at Alford in Lincolnshire. 
 She was the first woman to be conspicuously connected with 
 public life and the placing of her statue recently in the State 
 Capitol in a sense marks the advent of woman suffrage in 
 Massachusetts. While in our Boston, her opinions seem to 
 have been favored by Rev. John Cotton. 
 
 said to have ceased to burn when Cotton left his 
 England. Old Boston was once a large seaport
 
 Photographed by George B. Brayton 
 
 TABLET ON BOSTON COMMON RECORDING ITS PURCHASE FROM WILLIAM BLACKSTONE, 
 FIRST SETTLER IN BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 He died in Attleboro, Massachusetts, in that part of the city now Lonsdale, Rhode Island, a picture of the 
 monument near his grave being shown on page 45. 
 This tablet stands near the comer of Tremont and Park Streets, the inscription reading : — 
 
 In or about 
 
 the year of our Lord 
 
 One thousand six hundred 
 
 thirty and four 
 
 the then present inhabitants 
 
 of sd Town of Boston of whom 
 
 the Honble John Winthrop Esq"" 
 
 Gov"'' of the Colony was chiefe 
 
 did treate and agree with 
 
 Mr. William Blackstone 
 
 for the purchase of his 
 
 Estate and rights in any 
 
 neck of Land called 
 
 Boston 
 
 after which purchase the 
 
 Town laid out a plan for 
 
 a trayning field which ever 
 
 since and now is used for 
 
 that purpose and for 
 
 the feeding of cattell 
 
 The deposition of John Odlin and others concerning 
 Common. 
 
 the sale of Blackstone's land known as Boston
 
 From a photograph by George B. Bra ' 
 
 THE OLD STATE HOUSE, BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 It stands at the head of State Street, on the site of the original town-house, and has witnessed many 
 important historic events. The significance of the Lion and the Unicorn is explained on the copyright 
 page.
 
 40 BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 and in the first part of the fourteenth century was one of the ten most important 
 ports of the Kingdom, during the reign of King John even rivahng London. It 
 was made a staple port in 1369, being the principal place in the east of England 
 for the export of wool to Flanders and for the import of woolen cloth from there. 
 
 The May Sheep Fair is one of the most important yearly events held 
 in Boston. From early historic times Lincolnshire has been famous for the 
 number of sheep raised there and for the superior quality of the wool and 
 mutton. Fabulous prices have been paid by well-known sheep herders, farmers 
 and exporters for Lincolnshire rams and ewes, for shipment to Argentina and other 
 South American countries, as well as to AustraHa, New Zealand and other parts 
 of the world, the purchase price for one ram often reaching $5,000. The exact 
 date when the great sheep fair was started is lost in the mazes of early history, 
 but there is a definite record in the year 1623, which mentions the price of pens 
 for the accommodation of the animals while on sale. The importance of this fair 
 has steadily increased and at the present time it ranks as one of the most important 
 in England, occasionally assuming such large proportions that at times forty 
 thousand sheep have been known to change hands in less than three hours. A 
 scene at the fair is shown in the frontispiece. 
 
 The fens stretched out towards the sea, even after the Normans had con- 
 quered the territory, and it is said that the natives sometimes went out on 
 stilts to meet the foe in order to be able to retreat in safety across the marshes 
 to their strongholds after an attack. It may be interesting to New Englanders 
 to know that eight miles from the town is a place called "Bunker's Hill," and 
 also that a mile or so away is a small village called "New York" which 
 recalls the remark of a New York driver in "Martin Chuzzlewit" who said 
 "it brought Old York home to him quite vivid on account of its being so 
 exactly unlike in every respect." 
 
 ATHOL, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 THE Scotch tartan of the Murray clan was used in the decorations for the 
 one hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the incorporation of the town of 
 Athol, Massachusetts, which was named in honour of Col. John Murray 
 who was the founder of our town and who gave it its name for Blair Atholl, his 
 native town in Scotland. At this celebration, which was held in June of the year 
 1 91 2, the committee used letter paper on which appeared in colours this attractive 
 tartan. John Murray was probably a distant relative of the Duke of Atholl, head 
 of the great Murray clan, but he was not his son as many people have supposed. 
 The present Duke, the eighth in line, is a typical Highland Chieftain. He served 
 in the Nile expedition; in the South African War; commanded a Scottish cavalry 
 regiment in the Great War and later took part in the fighting at Gallipoli. He and
 
 ATHOL, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 41 
 
 From a photograph Kindness F. E. Wing. Esq. 
 
 HIGH SCHOOL BUILDING, ATHOL, 
 MASSACHUSETTS, 
 
 showing the colours of the Duke of AthoU, of 
 Blair Atholl, Scotland, flying at half mast at 
 the time of the death of one of the Dukes in 
 191 7. The colours were a present from this 
 Duke some years before. 
 
 his family have taken the greatest interest 
 in the Massachusetts Athol, which, by the 
 way, has always been wrongly spelled with 
 only one " 1. " The interchanges began in 1 904 
 with an interesting correspondence between 
 Lodge St. John's No. 14 of Dunkeld (near 
 Atholl), in Perthshire, Scotland, of which the 
 late Duke was a member, and F. E. Wing, 
 Esq., one of Athol 's foremost citizens and 
 Worshipful Master of Star Lodge in his town. 
 This friendship resulted during the same year 
 in the gift of a gavel, by the Duke of Atholl, 
 to the Massachusetts Lodge, copied from the 
 one used in the Scotch Lodge and made from 
 one of the larch trees which abound in the 
 Duke's private park and which were planted 
 by the Duke himself. This gavel was pre- 
 sented at one of the meetings of the Lodge 
 and is still used on all important occasions, the inscription thereon reading as 
 
 follows: — 
 
 Gavel made of larch grown on the Atholl Plantation Scotland: pre- 
 sented by John 7th Duke of Atholl K. T. to the Star Lodge of Free and 
 Accepted Masons, Athol, Massachusetts, U.S.A.: Frank E. Wing, Worship- 
 ful Master: 1904. 
 
 During the following year the distinguished Scotchman was elected an honorary 
 member of Star Lodge and was invited to visit the town on several occasions, 
 one being the one himdred and fiftieth anniversary of Athol. In 191 1 the Duke 
 sent Mr. Wing a flag similar to hJs private colours flown over his castle, the pattern 
 consisting of alternate horizontal stripes of orange and black. It is interesting to 
 mention that this flag, by order of the Board of Selectmen and School Committee, 
 was flown at half mast from the High School building of our Athol when the Duke 
 died in the year 1917. At the same time, at the suggestion of Mr. Wing, the 
 Selectmen sent the following cable to the Duke's son: "Town of Athol, Massa- 
 chusetts, mourns death of His Grace, your father. Athol colors half staff one week." 
 A reply cable in these words was received and entered upon the records of Athol: 
 "Atholl men this side, family and self, deeply touched that you share in our sor- 
 row." Cables were also exchanged in 1914 at the time of the Duke's Jubilee cele- 
 bration of accession to the title. 
 
 The Scotch godmother of our Athol, a name which is understood to mean 
 "pleasant land," is situated among the hills of Perthshire on the southern slope of 
 the Grampian hills, the river Tay flowing through the district. In the picturesque
 
 42 
 
 ATHOL, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 From a recent photograph by Valentine 6* Co., Dundee, Scotland Kindness Ian Forbes -Robert son, Esq. 
 
 BLAIR CASTLE, BLAIR ATHOLL, PERTHSHIRE, SCOTLAND, 
 
 the residence of the Dukes of Atholl. The Massachusetts town of Athol was named for this Scotch town by 
 Col. John Murray, who was probably a distant relative of the Dukes of Atholl, who have always shown a 
 great interest in the New England town. 
 
 pass of Killiecrankie, nearby, Claverhouse fell in 1689, though victorious over the 
 troops of King WilHam. 
 
 The Duke of Atholl, grandfather of the present Duke and head of the Murray 
 clan, was a great Scottish chieftain, having the title of Marquess of Tullibardine. 
 In 1839 for the Eglinton Tournament he formed a Guard of Honour composed of 
 Atholl men in Highland uniform and armed with Lochaber axes and swords, like 
 the Yeomen of the Guard. Three years later, on Queen Victoria's first visit 
 to Scotland, two hundred and fifty men formed a Guard of Honour to her at 
 Dunkeld and, in commemoration of the event, Her Majesty presented the Atholl 
 Highlanders with Colours, which was practically a recognition of the body as a 
 unit, a picturesque rehc of bygone days. Since then they have been armed with 
 rifles. Drills are still held for ceremonial purposes and their execution is said to 
 be very fine. Every man of this body who could enlist in the Great War did so. 
 This Atholl "army" used to drill in front of Blair Castle and is described as speak- 
 ing Gaehc fluently. It was customary for it to conduct a wild dance on driU.
 
 ATHOL, MASSACHUSETTS 43 
 
 days, known as the "Ram's Reel." The thrill of the Atholl pipes is well described 
 in these lines written by James Hogg of Perthshire:— 
 
 "A' the din o' a' the drummers 
 Canna rouse like Atholl cummers [noise of the pipes]. 
 When I'm dowie, wet, or weary, 
 Soon my heart grows light and cheery, 
 When I hear the sprightly nummers 
 O' my dear, my Atholl cummers. 
 When the fickle lasses vex me. 
 When the cares o' life perplex me, 
 When I'm fley'd wi' frightfu' rumors, 
 Then I cry for Atholl cummers." 
 
 Another event of interest in connection with this Scotch town was the visit of 
 Robert Bruce to Blair Castle; his hosts enjoyed his visit so much and were so 
 anxious to prolong his stay, that they sent a servant to persuade his coach- 
 man to remove a shoe from one of the horses in order to retard his departure. 
 At another time King George IV was a visitor to Scotland; it is said that he ap- 
 peared at a ball given by the Duchess of Gordon with his shoes tied with silk rib- 
 bons instead of the usual buckles, thereby causing ruin to all persons engaged in 
 the buckle trade. 
 
 Another story is told of two Scotchmen who, having just decided to fight a 
 duel, repaired at once to the appointed place. Upon reaching their destination, 
 one of them scribbled these words on a card which he handed to his rival: "Nae th- 
 ing should be done in a hurry but catching fleas." The recipient of the card burst 
 out laughing and the two departed good friends. Another anecdote is related of 
 an old Scotch woman, who, unfortunately, had been indulging in too much Hquid 
 refreshment. She was, as a result, brought before a magistrate, who asked her if 
 she knew where all drunkards go. "Yes," she replied, "where they get the best 
 whiskey." 
 
 Colonel Murray came to America before the Revolution, setthng in 
 Rutland, but when the war broke out, his property was seized, as he remained 
 loyal to the King. He went to HaHfax by way of Boston with the royal army 
 and became a resident of St. John, New Brunswick, where his descendants 
 still possess many relics of his early days in Athol, including the deeds to his 
 lands in this town and also in Rutland and Lenox. There is a portrait of him 
 in the Hazen family of St. John. There was a hole in this painting and there 
 is a tradition in the family that a number of persons who searched for the 
 Colonel after his flight from Massachusetts became vexed because he had 
 escaped and so pierced the canvas with their bayonets, vowing they would leave 
 their mark behind them. 
 
 Athol, formerly called Pequiog, is supposed to resemble in scenery Blair Atholl 
 and this fact may have been an added inducement to Colonel Murray to give his
 
 44 ATHOL, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 new abode the name of his ancestral home in Scotland. The township was first 
 laid out in 1732 by the General Court, the incorporators including the well-known 
 names of Oliver, Lee and Lord, other early settlers being the families of Field, 
 Kendall, Goddard, Bancroft, Fay, Twichell and Wheeler. Rev. James Hum- 
 phreys was the first minister of the town and he arrived on horseback, to assume 
 his new duties, with his sermons and his goods in his saddle-bags. 
 
 ATTLEBORO, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 A TTLEBORO, Massachusetts, derived its name from the market town 
 /\ of Attleborough, County Norfolk, England, whence some of the early 
 .X .\. inhabitants of the Massachusetts city emigrated to America, giving their 
 settlement this name in remembrance of their native place. This origin of the 
 name is further confirmed by the fact that in the English town there is a river 
 called Bungay of about the same size as the one of that name in Attleboro, Massa- 
 chusetts. The name of the Massachusetts city was formerly spelled the same as 
 the town in England from which it took its name, but to conform, apparently, with 
 the American idea of time saving and efficiency the final "ugh" was left off some 
 time ago. 
 
 The first inhabitant within the original limits of Attleboro was the celebrated 
 William Blackstone, who was also the first settler and sole proprietor of " Shawmut," 
 now Boston. He was a graduate of Emmanuel College, Cambridge University, 
 and had been a clergyman in England, emigrating about the year 1625 to this 
 country that he might enjoy his own religious opinions here unmolested. He even 
 found Governor Winthrop's colonists too mtolerant, so he sought another retreat, 
 selling his right and title to his old home on "Blackstone's Neck," as the Peninsula 
 of Boston was then called, to the new inhabitants, each one paying him six shillings 
 and some of them more, amounting in all to £30. With the purchase money he 
 bought a "stock of cows" which he took with him to his new home on the banks 
 of the Pawtucket River, now called Blackstone River in his honour. The Valley 
 of the Blackstone has become justly celebrated as a manufacturing district, and 
 contributes, by the advantages of its water-power, to the wealth and industry of 
 New England. The place where he settled was within the ancient limits of Attle- 
 boro, in that part called "The Gore," now Cumberland, Rhode Island, where he 
 died in 1675. His house he called "Study Hall," and the eminence on which it 
 was built was named "Study Hill," being so called to this day. The site of his 
 dwelling and grave is now occupied by the Ann and Hope Mill of the Lonsdale 
 Company, there being a monument in the mill yard in line with his grave, erected 
 by his descendants in 1889, a picture of which is shown on the next page. Black- 
 stone is best known through his connection with Boston, though he lived in the latter
 
 ATTLEBORO, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 45 
 
 place but ten years as compared 
 with forty years in Attleboro. 
 He was fond of study and contem- 
 plation, and preached sometimes 
 for Roger Williams at Providence. 
 He was also skillful in horticulture 
 and woodcraft, caring more for 
 solitude than for society. The 
 Hbrary of one hundred and eighty- 
 four volumes in his wilderness 
 home was remarkable for those 
 early days in this country. He 
 was a man of many eccentricities 
 and among other things is recorded 
 as keeping a trained bull which 
 he is pictured as riding up and 
 down the sandy shore of Charles 
 Street in Boston. Later, after he 
 had moved from the latter city, 
 he used to visit his friends in 
 Providence, similarly mounted, 
 such animals being used quite 
 frequently in those days for carry- 
 ing burdens of all kinds. 
 
 The original purchaser of Attle- 
 boro land was Captain Thomas 
 Willett, an Englishman who had 
 Hved with the Pilgrims in Holland 
 and who became the successor of 
 Miles Standish as the Commander 
 of the Military Company of New 
 Plymouth. Captain Willett was 
 
 the best kind of diplomat, an able man of justice who inspired confidence among 
 all, including the Indians, with whom he was always on friendly terms. By authority 
 of the Court of New Plymouth in 1666 he obtained the Rehoboth North Purchase, 
 which became Attleboro, buying the land from Massasoit's eldest son, Wamsutta, 
 who was then the reigning sachem of Pokanoket. He was honoured by selection as 
 organizer of the new government after New York had been surrendered by the 
 Dutch, was chosen the first English Mayor of the American metropolis and 
 re-elected to that position. He afterwards returned to Swansea, near Attleboro, 
 where he died August 11, 1674. His great-grandson, Col. Marinus Willett, 
 
 From a photograph 
 
 WILLIAM BLACKSTONE MEMORIAL IN LONS- 
 DALE, RHODE ISLAND, 
 
 formerly part of Attleboro, Massachusetts, now part of 
 Cumberland, Rhode Island. It is placed in the yard of 
 the Ann and Hope Mill of the Lonsdale Company in Hne 
 with his grave. The above mill now occupies the site of 
 Blackstone's home where he spent forty years of his life. 
 While he is best known on account of his connection with 
 the early history of Boston, Blackstone lived a far greater 
 length of time within the original limits of Attleboro.
 
 46 
 
 ATTLEBORO, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 From a photograph Kindness Rev. J. Lee Mitchell, Ph.D., and Mrs. Walter M. Kendall 
 
 ST. MARY'S CHURCH, ATTLEBOROUGH, ENGLAND 
 
 A stone which once formed a capital in this church was obtained through the efforts of the late Major Everett 
 S. Horton, and placed in the ladies' parlor of the Second Congregational Church of Attleboro, Massachusetts. 
 
 a distinguished ofificer in the Revolutionary War, was also a Mayor of New 
 York City. 
 
 The first actual settlement within the bounds of the original town of Attleboro 
 was in the neighborhood of the Baptist meeting-house and was begun by John 
 Woodcock and his sons soon after the first division of lands. In May, 1676, while 
 his sons were at work in a cornfield near the house, they were surprised by Indians, 
 and one son, Nathaniel, was killed. 
 
 Attleboro was incorporated as a township October 19, 1694, but the first town 
 meeting on record appears to have been held in 1696 at which time John 
 Woodcock and John Rogers were chosen to manage the affairs of the township, 
 other names identified with the early history of the town being Daniel Sheppison, 
 John Callendar, John Lane, George Robinson, David Freeman, Anthony Sprague 
 and Daniel Jenks. 
 
 One Thomas Doggett came to this country from Attleborough, England, and 
 he is supposed to be a brother of John, the first ancestor in this country of the 
 Daggetts (the present way of spelling the family name) of Massachusetts and 
 Connecticut. This John Doggett came over in Winthrop's fleet in 1630. Another 
 early settler who came from Attleborough, England, was John Sutton, whose 
 daughter Anne became the wife of John Doggett. Thomas Mayhew, who 
 was listed as "a merchant," was born in Southampton, England, and was also
 
 ATTLEBORO, MASSACHUSETTS 47 
 
 one of the early settlers of Attleboro. That the Daggett family still takes an 
 important part in the activities of the city is shown by the fact that Mrs. 
 Homer Daggett, wife of a direct descendant of John Doggett, ran for election as 
 Mayor in 1920. 
 
 The jewelry industry, now the most important in the city, had its commence- 
 ment in 1780 when a Frenchman, who was called "the foreigner," very likely be- 
 cause his real name was too difficult of pronunciation, began to make jewelry. 
 The first shop erected expressly for the manufacture of jewelry, the forermmer of 
 over one hundred concerns of today, was that of Col. Obed Robinson. His partners 
 were Otis Robinson and Milton Barrows, the latter being the great-grandfather of 
 those now carrying on the business of H. F. Barrows Company. Other men 
 prominent in estabhshing this industry were Freeman, Bates, Simmons, Dean, 
 Bliss, Sturdy, Whitney and Richards. 
 
 Attleboro became a city in 1914, Hon. Harold E. Sweet being the first Mayor. 
 
 The original post-office is still in existence and is located in the drawing- 
 room of the Holman homestead on Pleasant Street. The "post-office" was 
 merely an old-fashioned table into the drawer of which the stage-coach driver 
 of long ago hastily dropped the town's letters. The residents walked to the 
 homestead or drove to the door and made their way to the "post-office room" 
 unheeded. There were no clerks nor locks and each caller sorted the mail in 
 search of his own. 
 
 The most tragic encounter of the whole Indian War, Pierce's Fight, took 
 place in old Attleboro. Sixty Plymouth colonists were surprised and almost 
 annihilated on March 26, 1676, and later the same day the remainder were 
 massacred at the spot, a few miles distant, called to the present time "Nine 
 Men's Misery." 
 
 The first religious meetings on record date back to 1704 and the first minister 
 called was in 1707. The First Church of Christ, Congregational, of Attleboro, is 
 still active at Oldtown, and the present pastor, Rev. John Whitehill, who is in his 
 fifty-third year of service there, was born at Paisley, Scotland, August 11, 1833, 
 coming to this country when a child. 
 
 There have been no official letters or visits exchanged between the English town 
 and its namesake in Massachusetts but there is now in the Second Congregational 
 Church, Attleboro, a stone which once formed a capital in St. Mary's Church, 
 Attleborough, England. This was obtained at the instigation of the late Major 
 Everett S. Horton, who was very much interested in the erection of the new Second 
 Congregational Church. He conceived the idea of having Mr. Louis J. Lamb, 
 who was about to start on a trip to England, obtain some sort of memento in the 
 old town to have a place in the new building, which was then under construction 
 in Attleboro, Massachusetts. Mr. Lamb readily pledged hearty co-operation and 
 a copy of the letter regarding the finding of this stone now hangs in the ladies'
 
 48 
 
 ATTLEBORO, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 parlor of the Second Congrega- 
 tional Church and is interesting 
 enough to be repeated here: — • 
 
 "Royal Hotel 
 
 Attleborough, Norfolk, England 
 August 2 2d, 1902 
 
 Mr. Everett S. Horton, 
 Attleboro, Mass. U.S.A. 
 
 My dear Major: 
 
 Have had your commission to 
 find you a stone in Attleborough, 
 England, in mind ever since leaving 
 home in May and as soon as we ar- 
 rived here today made inquiries for a 
 builder and were introduced to Mr. 
 John Harrison, leading contractor 
 and builder in this vicinity. We 
 told him our errand — that we wanted 
 to secure if possible a stone in some 
 way identified with the Old Parish 
 Church or other public building in 
 town to be placed in a new Church 
 now building in Attleboro, Mass., 
 U.S.A. He was immediately inter- 
 ested and said 'A few years since 
 while I was employed in making some 
 repairs on the old church, it became 
 necessary to clear out a lot of refuse 
 stone and other material which had 
 been left under a portion of the 
 church at the time it was "restored" 
 about one hundred years ago. There 
 was one piece so shapely and well 
 adapted to the purpose that I saved 
 it and took it home to make a base or pedestal for my flower vase in front garden and 
 I should think it would answer your purpose.' 
 
 We went to his house and viewed the stone and I assure you it did not take long to 
 secure it and arrange for its shipment to you via Cunard Line from Liverpool to Boston 
 and you should receive it about the middle of September. 
 
 We had found just what we wanted — a good shaped, fair sized stone and withal with 
 a history — for the Old Parish Church is said to be about 600 years old and as the stone 
 gives evidence that it has been cut and fashioned something after the style of a capital 
 for a column, it is probable that it was originally part of the ornamental architecture of 
 the building. We believe you and the 'White Church' friends will be pleased with it. 
 
 Attleborough, England, is very unlike its younger namesake in Massachusetts but it 
 is a quiet, thrifty little Enghsh village with three public houses, Post-Telegraph and 
 Telephone office. Railway Station, several stores and the usual adjuncts of a trading centre 
 in rural England. The inhabitants and the homes give evidence that no extreme poverty 
 prevails and the few people whom we have met are very cordial and interested to hear 
 
 From a photograph 
 
 \ht i.ll Ph.D.. and Mrs. 
 II alter M. Kendall 
 
 SECOND CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH, ATTLE- 
 BORO, MASSACHUSETTS, 
 
 in which there is a stone from St. Mary's Church, Attle- 
 borough, England, which was obtained through the efforts 
 of the late Major Everett S. Horton.
 
 ATTLEBORO, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 49 
 
 about the other Attleboro beyond the sea. I 
 know you would enjoy a visit here. Will tell 
 you more about it on our return. 
 
 With cordial remembrances of our entire 
 party, 
 
 Yours very truly, 
 
 Louis J. Lamb." 
 
 It is interesting to record that this letter is 
 framed in a piece of wood which came from 
 England as part of the crate around the 
 stone. The stone now occupies a niche at 
 the right of the entrance of the Second Con- 
 gregational Church, bearing the following 
 inscription : — 
 
 COURTESY OF 
 
 MR. JOHN HARRISON, 
 
 ATTLEBOROUGH, NORFOLK, ENGLAND 
 
 MR. L. J. LAMB, 
 
 ATTLEBOROUGH, MASSACHUSETTS, U.S.A. 
 
 PRESENTED BY MAJOR E. S. HORTON 
 
 From a photograph 
 
 Kindness Rev. J. Lee Mitchell, 
 Ph.D., and Mrs. Walter M. Kendall 
 
 STONE IN SECOND CONGREGATIONAL 
 
 CHURCH, ATTLEBORO, 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS, 
 
 formerly a capital in St. Mary's Church, 
 Attleborough, England. 
 
 In writing about this Attleboro church, 
 it is amusing to note that in 1868 a clock 
 which struck every five minutes was installed 
 in the vestry, the purpose of this being, 
 apparently, to discourage any long speeches. 
 
 The late Major Horton exchanged many gifts with Mrs. John Harrison of Attle- 
 borough, England (wife of the gentleman mentioned in Mr. Lamb's letter, who 
 provided the stone sent to Attleboro, Massachusetts), sending her pictures of the 
 Massachusetts city and articles of jewelry for the manufacture of which our 
 Attleboro is justly famous, receiving pieces of crockery which had been in the 
 Slade family of Attleborough, England, for many years, also a sampler and a quilt 
 made by a woman of that town who had reached the age of one hundred and four 
 years. 
 
 The Angle Tree Stone which was erected at the time of the settlement of a long 
 controversy in regard to the Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay Colonies' boundary 
 line between Attleboro, Dorchester, Stoughton, Norton, Easton and Wrentham 
 is of historic interest to visitors. 
 
 On January 4, 192 1, the Attleboro Community Fellowship, which takes a very 
 active interest in the affairs of the Massachusetts city, passed a set of resolutions 
 to encourage the interchange of correspondence between citizens of their city and 
 Attleborough, England. The reasons given in the preamble for favoring these 
 resolutions were that history may and should be made humanly interesting and 
 helpful; that this is a time when New England towns are making considerable
 
 50 ATTLEBORO, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 study of their Old World pioneer inheritances, and as the history of the American 
 Attleboro connects at the beginning with Attleborough, England, it is fitting that 
 communications be exchanged in order to add to the proud fund of historic data 
 already collected. 
 
 The town of Attleborough, England, lies in the southern part of County Nor- 
 folk, and is a pleasant little place situated in the midst of a level bit of country, 
 its most important feature being St. Mary's Church, which was built centuries 
 ago and which contains some very interesting architectural features, the window 
 tracery being extremely beautiful. Attleborough shared with other towns of the 
 county a custom which allowed any person out of a home to seek refuge in the 
 church porch until other lodgings could be found, showing that housing conditions 
 in the early days sometimes resembled the present condition in New England. 
 In legendary history, St. Edmund, King of East Anglia, is said to have gone to 
 Attleborough and remained there an entire year, engaged in the pious duty of 
 committing the psalter to memory. Although surpassed in commercial pursuits 
 by its Massachusetts namesake, the town of Attleborough still has a charm of its 
 own which the younger place can never hope to attain. 
 
 BIDDEFORD, MAINE 
 
 4 MEMORIAL tablet has been placed at Winter Harbour, now known as 
 / % Biddeford Pool, near the mouth of the Saco River, on the spot where the 
 JL JL well-known English explorer Captain Richard Vines and his adventurous 
 crew of sixteen spent the winter of 1 616-17, even before the settlement of Plymouth. 
 After landing they proceeded about eight miles up the Saco River which carried 
 them to the Great Falls, as they called them, which now furnish power to the cotton 
 mills of the Pepperell Manufacturing Company and the York Manufacturing Com- 
 pany, both well known throughout the world, also to several other thriving 
 industries of Biddeford, including the Saco-Lowell machine shops which have sent 
 to many foreign countries the most modern mill equipment. Vines and his men 
 returned to England in the year 16 17 with favorable reports and continued to make 
 voyages to this country for a number of years, transporting colonists, so that as 
 early as the year 1620 there were a number of families, including that of Richard 
 Vines, in this very early Maine settlement. For his ser\dces this explorer received 
 from Sir Ferdinando Gorges a grant of all the land within the present limits of 
 Biddeford, the original deed, dated February 12, 1629, being now in the possession 
 of the Maine Historical Society. 
 
 Two earlier English explorers of this territory were Martin Pring, mentioned 
 in Part I, and Captain George Weymouth who, two years later, in 1605, took
 
 BIDDEFORD, MAINE 
 
 5" 
 
 m 
 
 ^ 
 
 possession of these lands in the T 
 name of King James I. 
 
 Biddeford, Maine, probably 
 owes its name to John Parker and 
 others who came from Bideford, 
 England, about the time of the 
 town meeting, November 14, 
 1 7 18, when the settlement on the 
 west side of the Saco River was 
 set off from Saco, on the east 
 side, under the name of Biddeford, 
 the name being spelled, it will be 
 noticed, differently from that of 
 the mother town. 
 
 The First Congregational 
 Church of Biddeford, Maine, was 
 formed in 1730, and it is a tradi- 
 tion among some of the older 
 residents of Biddeford that the 
 good people of Bideford, Eng- 
 land, gave the Maine town a 
 church bell which arrived in Bos- 
 ton, whereupon it is supposed to 
 have passed into the hands of a 
 Boston church for the reason that 
 the Biddeford parish was at that 
 time too poor to pay freight on 
 it. Some believe it was a chan- 
 delier instead of a bell which thus 
 went astray. 
 
 The English Bideford, mean- 
 ing "by the ford," like Biddeford, 
 Maine, is on a river near the sea, 
 with a long bridge uniting the 
 two parts of the town similar to 
 the bridge between Biddeford 
 and Saco. Visitors from Bidde- 
 ford, Maine, to Bideford, Eng- 
 land, also discover that both have a St. Mary's Church. The English town is 
 now much the smaller of the two places, not having grown like its namesake. 
 Bideford, which received the right to hold a market in 1271 and was made a free 
 
 From a photograph 
 
 Kindness Walter H. Bradley, Esq., and 
 Burton H. fVinslow, Esq. 
 
 MEMORIAL TABLET AT WINTER HARBOUR, NOW 
 BIDDEFORD POOL, MAINE, 
 
 near mouth of the Saco River, where Captain Richard 
 Vines, the English explorer, and his adventurous crew of 
 sixteen spent the winter of 16 16-17. Vines received a grant 
 of the lands within the present hmits of Biddeford. 
 The words on the Tablet read as follows: — 
 
 Richard Vines, agent of Sir Ferdinando 
 Gorges, to experience and report upon the 
 Climate of New England; visits the Indians in 
 their huts, and passes the winter of 1616 at the 
 present Leighton's Point, territory of 
 Biddeford, while his ship lay in the nearby 
 "Winter Harbor" until spring.
 
 52 
 
 BIDDEFORD, MAINE 
 
 Kindness Walter K. Watkins, Esq. 
 
 From " The /Vest Coast of England," Pictorial Guide, Second Edition 
 
 BIDEFORD, ENGLAND 
 Biddeford, Maine, is named for this town. 
 
 borough in 1573, is a seaport and market- town in Devonshire, England, on the 
 banks of the river Torridge. In the sixteenth century Sir Richard Grenville did 
 much to stimulate the commercial trade of Bideford with America. 
 
 BRAINTREE, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 BRAINTREE, first called Mt. Wollaston, formerly included Quincy and 
 Randolph and is one of the oldest communities in the State. The first 
 settlement was made on Black's Creek as early as 1625, when Captain 
 Wollaston and thirty of his followers came over from England and started a plan- 
 tation here, and a tablet has recently been presented by the Quincy Chapter of the 
 Daughters of the American Revolution to mark the establishment of this early 
 trading-post. It is believed some of these settlers came from Braintree, England, 
 and therefore gave the town its present name. The colony was a failure owing to 
 the intrigues of Thomas Morton of Clifford's Inn, London, who became notorious 
 on account of his gay May Day festival held at Ma-re-mount, of which much has
 
 BRAINTREE, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 53 
 
 fffs?mm *i > i9 m i > *'~— »E»»^ 
 
 ■fON IN '3EC 
 :-.C, POSTS OH 
 - - f;!M WOtLASTCfl 
 3£RIVEa (TS HAME 
 
 ESECTEc SY 
 
 ABIGAIL HHILUPS QUiNCY CHAPTER 
 
 DAUGliTERS OF THE 
 
 AMERICft!) REVDLUTION 
 
 1820. 
 
 been written. What we generally 
 understand to be the "Braintree 
 Company" that came from Eng- 
 land to our Braintree was a group 
 of people including James 01m- 
 stedd, J. Talcott and a Dr. Good- 
 wyn who came over some years 
 later, in 1632, in the ship "Lyon" 
 under the auspices of Thomas 
 Hooker of Chelmsford, and who 
 settled in our Cambridge. Some 
 confusion has therefore arisen as 
 to these two groups of pioneers. 
 The town of Braintree, at first 
 often spelled Braintry, was really 
 not permanently settled until 1634, 
 when a number of people came 
 over here from the counties of 
 Devonshire, Lincolnshire and 
 Essex. The town was incorporated 
 in 1640 and comprised the land 
 now included within the bounds 
 of Quincy, Braintree, Randolph 
 
 and Holbrook, the business center being at Quincy. Among those to whom early 
 grants were given were Coddington, Wilson, Quincy, Hutchinson and Wheelwright. 
 Joseph Loomys, or Lummys, who came from Braintree, England, was another 
 early settler. He was a woolen merchant and the founder of the American branch 
 of this family, the name now being spelled Loomis. Quincy was formed into a 
 separate township in 1792, and is known the world over as having been the New 
 England home of two Presidents of the United States. 
 
 The first attempt to establish an industry at Braintree was made in 1643 when 
 Governor Winthrop brought over some workmen to start there the manufacture 
 of iron, among the newcomers being Lionel Copeley from York County, Nicholas 
 Bond and others. Lynn, however, began this industry before Braintree and was 
 evidently more successful if we may judge from the words of one writer who said 
 that in the latter town they "pounded out less iron than they hammered out law 
 suits." 
 
 It may be interesting to mention that Captain John Smith on his map gave 
 Quincy the name of London; and the figures of a castle and cathedral were annexed 
 as showing the prosperity and grandeur to which he believed the town would attain. 
 
 There is also a Braintree in Vermont. 
 
 Kindness of the Bostoii i'uA 
 
 TABLET PLACED BY THE QUINCY CHAPTER OF 
 THE DAUGHTERS OF THE AMERICAN REVO- 
 LUTION, IN QUINCY, MASSACHUSETTS, 
 
 once part of Braintree, where Captain Wollaston in 1625 
 first established a trading post at Black's Creek. From 
 him Wollaston, near Quincy and Braintree, received its 
 name.
 
 ^ 
 
 m
 
 BRAINTREE, MASSACHUSETTS 55 
 
 The English town of Braintree in Essex County was once called " Branchetreu," 
 a Saxon name meaning "town near a river," and was once the seat of the Bishops 
 of London. It bears evidence of having existed for generations. The earUest 
 part of the town was located on the banks of Pods Brook in the vicinity of what 
 is now known as Skitt's ffill; as the settlement expanded and the Romans bmlt 
 their great roads, the population shifted toward the intersection of the two great 
 Roman highways. The annals of Braintree are rich in names that have become 
 famous not only in Britain but throughout the world; among these are John Ray, 
 the naturaUst; Benjamin Allen, surgeon; Sir William Tilbury, who, though once 
 a boot-boy in a shop near the Square, became tutor of the children of the Em- 
 peror of Brazil; and Samuel Dale, author. Braintree's taverns also have been a 
 subject of considerable interest, and there are still left a number of them to tell of 
 the coaching days long past; one of the most famous is "The George Inn," the 
 sign of which stretched over the entire width of New Street. This town, with 
 Colchester, Dedham and several others, was called one of the "clothmg towns 
 of England on account of the fact that the woolen cloth weavers carried on their 
 business there. Toward the end of the eighteenth century hard times overtook 
 Braintree and in 1804 appeared these lines:— 
 
 "We saw two large townships called Braintree and Becking ^^ 
 Where the tale of distress was of late years most shocking.' 
 
 Silk mills, however, were erected there some years later, and both towns then 
 
 began to prosper. _ 
 
 Little Square is perhaps the most t>Tical part of old Braintree, which contains 
 also many attractive and quaint streets. The parish church of St. Michael dates 
 back to II 99. 
 
 BRIDGEWATER, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 ON the roll of Mayors and members of Parhament of the town of Bridge- 
 water in Somersetshire, England, are found the names of Allen, Bryant, 
 Hooper and Mitchell, and because these names are familiar in the annals 
 of Bridgewater, Massachusetts, it is supposed that it was so called for Enghsh 
 Bridgewater in honour of that lovely village from which staunch Puritans emigrated 
 to American shores. The town of Bridgewater, Massachusetts, was mcorporated 
 in 1656 and at first included territory now comprised by Brockton (formerly North 
 Bridgewater), East Bridgewater, West Bridgewater and parts of the towns of 
 Abington and Hanson. The land was originally a part of what was known as 
 "Duxbury New Plantation," which Miles Standish and others m 1645 had received 
 permission from the Old Colony Government to purchase from the Indians. Soon 
 after the purchase, some of the Duxbury proprietors, of whom there were m all
 
 56 
 
 BRIDGEWATER, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 Photographed by Valentine 6* Co., Dundee, Scotland 
 
 BRIDGEWATER, ENGLAND 
 
 Kindness Ian Forbes-Robertson, Esq. 
 
 fifty-four, became settlers here, and among the first to be associated with them was 
 Deacon Samuel Edson, of Salem, the owner of their first mill, who became a pro- 
 prietor and settled with the Duxbury men near the Town River, where Tavern 
 Bridge crosses it. "And," continues the chronicler, "because this was the richest 
 land in the whole region, some of the Duxbury people who had taken shares in the 
 purchase settled near him, about the same time, on scattered farms from below 
 the present village of West Bridgewater gradually extending up the river to within 
 a mile of the head of it in Lake Nippenicket. One of the first of these was John 
 Howard, whose house was the first tavern — for more than a century the only tavern 
 — in the region ; and for a long time the bridge nearby was the only bridge over the 
 river. This was, therefore, the center to which all the primitive paths converged — 
 one from the Massachusetts Bay towns on the north, known as 'the Bay path;' 
 two others to the southeast along the river on opposite sides of it, through the 
 wilderness which is now Bridgewater, on the way to Plymouth; and others through 
 the woods north and south of Lake Nippenicket to Taunton on the southwest, 
 where the first settlers went to trade and carried grist on foot." 
 
 The Duxbury settlers, who in 165 1 to 1656 founded what is now West Bridge- 
 water, in 1662 to 1665 settled the land covered by the present Bridgewater, and 
 among the early farms were those of the Leonards, Washburns and Edsons. Until
 
 BRIDGEWATER, MASSACHUSETTS 57 
 
 1822 the town meetings were held in West Bridgewater and for more than half a 
 century the church services were conducted in the same place. 
 
 The Enghsh seaport of Bridgewater lies in a romantic and historic part of Somer- 
 setshire where tales of King Alfred are still told, and where, six miles distant, the 
 noble Saxon king in 878 took refuge from the Danes encamped near the town. 
 This county, according to tradition, also witnessed King Arthur's desperate 
 encounters with the Saxon hordes who invaded Britain and who were met by 
 this famous king in that great battle in the West. The town itself grew up 
 around the ford, which appears to have been the only one across the river Parret, 
 as all roads led to it. "The ford," says the historian, "gave the name of Brugie, 
 or bridge, to the village in Saxon times. When William the Conqueror, after the 
 year 1066, parcelled England with his Norman barons, Brugie and the vicinity were 
 given to a Baron Walter and the place began to be known as Brugie- Walter, or 
 Walter's Bridge, which finally became Bridgewater." 
 
 In 1649 when Miles Standish and others purchased the "Duxbury New Plan- 
 tation" in America, the mother town was one of the most important places in 
 southwestern England and in that year Cromwell's army attacked the town and 
 castle which surrendered with sixteen hundred officers and men. Portions of the 
 old walls of the town and castle were standing until a century past. Two hundred 
 years after Cromwell assaulted and conquered Bridgewater and after Miles Stan- 
 dish had made his valuable purchase of New England territory, representative citizens 
 of Bridgewater, England, sent a letter dated September 10, 1846, to the town of 
 Bridgewater, Massachusetts. Correspondence ensued which made it apparent 
 that the English town presented to Parliament the first petition against the slave- 
 trade, with successful results. In these letters appeared names common to both 
 towns. Certain books and maps were sent to England with a letter from our 
 Bridgewater which was drafted by Rev. Paul Couch and Hon. Jesse Perkins of North 
 Bridgewater, Rev. Darius Forbes and Hon. John E. Howard of West Bridgewater, 
 Rev. Baalis Sanford and Rev. Nathaniel Whitman of East Bridgewater and Rev. 
 David Brigham and Rev. Claudius Bradford of Bridgewater. Hon. John Reed 
 also served on the committee. There are Bridgewaters also in Maine, New Hamp- 
 shire, Vermont and Connecticut.
 
 Photographed by George B. Brayton from a very old print by G. Atkinson 
 
 BRIGHTON, ENGLAND, 
 showing in the distance the Chain Pier. 
 
 Owned by Allan Forbes 
 
 From a photograph 
 
 Kindness Mrs. Mary Fifield King 
 
 A RECENT VIEW OF BRIGHTON, ENGLAND
 
 59 
 
 BRIGHTON, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 THE ancestors of several of the first settlers of Brighton, Massachusetts, came 
 from the vicinity of the English Brighton, called in early days Bristelmestune, 
 Bruyton and later Brighthelmstone, named from Brighthelm, an Anglo- 
 Saxon bishop of the tenth century. It is fair, therefore, to suppose that our Brighton, 
 incorporated in 1807 and now a part of Boston, was named for the fashionable 
 watering place in England frequented by King Edward VII, Queen Victoria and many 
 other royal persons, as well as by legions of "trippers" during the summer season. 
 The Royal Pavilion, built by King George IV as a maritime residence when he 
 was Prince of Wales, is undoubtedly the most interesting feature of the town and 
 cost such a fabulous sum that Byron wrote about it the following couplet: — 
 
 "Shut up — no, not the King, but the Pavilion, 
 Or else 'twill cost us all another million." 
 
 This building is no longer a residence but is used for various purposes. Part of it 
 serves as a museum and among other interesting objects therein is a collection of 
 pottery decorated with American subjects, such as "The Landing of the Fathers 
 at Plymouth," "Landing of Roger WilHams at Providence," bust of George Wash- 
 ington, etc. 
 
 Four miles from Brighton is the pretty village of Rottingdean where Rudyard 
 Kipling lived for some time. 
 
 Our Brighton was set apart from Cambridge in 1779, the committee appointed 
 to wait on the Honourable General Court with the petition being Samuel Willis 
 Pomeroy, Gorham Parsons, Stephen and Thomas Dana and Daniel Bowen. 
 
 There is also a Brighton in Maine and one in Vermont. 
 
 COVENTRY, CONNECTICUT 
 
 "And to-day, as we look o'er that village, 
 Named for the one 'cross the sea. 
 It seems to extend hearty welcome 
 To you, from old Coventry." 
 
 (The above is part of the last verse written by Ruth Amelia Higgins on the occasion of the 
 two hundredth anniversary of the founding of Coventry, Connecticut.) 
 
 4 LTHOUGH a small town, Coventry has had such close relations with 
 /\ Coventry in England, that it should be included in this book. Pre- 
 A. \. vious to this two hundredth anniversary celebration, WilUam L. Higgins, 
 who has always shown a great interest in old Coventry across the water, and who 
 was President of the Coventry Town Committee, sent the following letter to the 
 Mayor of Coventry, England: —
 
 6o COVENTRY, CONNECTICUT 
 
 "Coventry, Conn. U.S. 
 July 6, 1912. 
 To THE Honourable Mayor, Coventry, England. 
 
 Dear Sir: — 
 
 We are about to celebrate the 200th anniversary of the founding of this town, which 
 according to tradition, was named after Coventry in England. In view of the fact that 
 the first settlers in this town of Coventry were either EngUshmen or of English descent, 
 some of whom, or their ancestors, may have come from your English city, or from its 
 vicinity, it is very probable that in selecting a name for this place, as in the estabUsh- 
 ment of laws and customs, their minds reverted to the mother country and to the town 
 and surroundings from whence they came. We, therefore, accept the tradition as true 
 and feel that some communication either in person or by letter from you would be most 
 welcome to the people of this town, and very appropriate to the occasion. On behalf of 
 this town of Coventry we therefore extend to you a cordial invitation to be present as a 
 representative of your city at the celebrations of our anniversary, which will take place 
 during the last week in August, 191 2, known as 'Old Home Week.' In case you cannot 
 be here, and are unable to send a representative, it wiU give us great pleasure to receive 
 some kind of acknowledgment or communication from you as a memorial of Coventry 
 in England. 
 
 Respectfully yours, 
 
 William L. Higgins, President Town Committee 
 Curtis Dean, Secretary Town Committee " 
 
 We are also going to quote the reply in order to show the great interest taken by the 
 
 old town in its namesake : — 
 
 "The Charterhouse, Coventry 
 July 30, 1912. 
 
 To 
 
 William L. Higgins, Esq., M.D. 
 President of Town Committee, 
 South Coventry, Conn. U.S.A. 
 Dear Sir: — 
 
 I was much interested to receive your letter of July 6th inviting me to the celebration 
 of the 200th anniversary of the founding of your town and I only regret that I am unable 
 to accept your kind invitation, but unfortunately all my days are practically taken up 
 and mapped out up to the end of my term of ofl&ce, November ist, next. 
 
 I see no reason to doubt that the original founders of your town were connected with 
 our city as its citizens have always been capable of adapting themselves to the needs of 
 the age, as witnessed by their adoption of comparatively new industries such as the 
 bicycle and motor trades, after the shrinkage in the old watch and ribbon trades intro- 
 duced by the Huguenots, and this spirit of originality no doubt prompted some of our 
 ancestors 200 years ago to seek their fortunes in the New World, and to name their town 
 in memory of their old home. 
 
 At any rate there is a strong feeling among us that we have brothers and sisters in 
 America, and I shall with pleasure make known to our citizens the reception of the kind 
 wishes and sentiments of the New Coventry over the water, which are heartily reciprocated 
 and I trust that your Town may prosper in the same way as this ancient city has done. 
 
 I am sending you a few photographs of some of the beauty spots of our ancient city, 
 and believe me 
 
 With cordial greetings, 
 
 Yours very truly, 
 
 W. F. Wyley, Mayor of Coventry "
 
 COVENTRY, CONNECTICUT 
 
 6i 
 
 From a print dated 17Q4 owned by Allan Forbes 
 
 Formerly in the collection of J. H. Seers, Essex, England 
 
 COVENTRY, ENGLAND 
 
 This correspondence was followed by the following resolution passed by the citizens 
 
 of the Connecticut town at the regular town meeting held on the 7th of October, 
 
 1912: — 
 
 "Resolved, That, We, citizens of the Town of Coventry in town meeting assembled 
 do hereby send to Coventry, England, Greeting: that we express to its Mayor and City 
 Council our hearty appreciation of and thanks for the kind reception which our bi-cen- 
 tennial message received from them, and also for the numerous books, pictures, papers 
 and other tokens of their interest and regard sent to us in return; that we sincerely recipro- 
 cate the kind wishes and sentiments expressed in Mayor Wyley's letter to us, and that we 
 shall ever hold Coventry across the sea in affectionate remembrance and regard and 
 rejoice in her prosperity. 
 
 Attest. 
 
 John S. Champlin, Town Clerk " 
 
 This celebration and the correspondence that ensued created a great deal of interest 
 in old Coventry, which, by the way, is sometimes referred to as the "town of the 
 three spires," and an account of the proceedings was printed in the Coventry Herald 
 in the English town. Many friendly letters were also received by our Coventry, 
 which included a very impressive letter from an English workman describing his 
 pleasure at the interchange of friendly messages between the two towns. These 
 letters including the article in the Coventry Herald, together with a number of
 
 62 
 
 COVENTRY, CONNECTICUT 
 
 books, pictures and presents, sent 
 from the ancient city, are prized 
 very highly by the town com- 
 mittee of our Coventry. Still 
 another evidence of the friendship 
 between the two countries was 
 shown on this occasion of the 
 anniversary of the Connecticut 
 town, when ribbons from 
 Stephen's Factory in the English 
 town were worn as badges by the 
 citizens of our town. 
 
 Some years ago Dean Beau- 
 mont of Coventry, England, 
 visited New Haven and while 
 there recalled the fact that their 
 first Governor was Theophilus 
 Eaton, who was the son of an 
 early vicar of Holy Trinity, 
 Coventry, England, and that the 
 first pastor of the New Haven 
 church was John Davenport, the 
 son of a former Mayor of the 
 English Coventry. Davenport 
 with some friends visited Quin- 
 nipiac, the old Indian name for 
 New Haven, and founded a colony 
 there in the year 1638. Both had been students at the Coventry Grammar School. 
 Canon Beaumont at one time was able to save an historic building in New Haven, 
 whereupon he was made a corresponding member of its Historical Society. While 
 a guest of the town, Beaumont was received with much courtesy by Professor 
 Dexter of Yale University, whose wife was a descendant of Davenport, and who 
 had several times visited the old town in search of historical information respecting 
 the founders of her city. 
 
 There are at least five Coventrys in America, four of which are situated in 
 Connecricut, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island and Vermont, the Connecticut Coventry 
 being incorporated in 171 2. The early pedrion to the Court gave a Hst 
 of six families most of whom are said to have come from Hartford, Connecticut, 
 and Northampton, Massachusetts. One of the interesring objects in connecrion 
 with the early history of the Connecticut Coventry was the will of the Indian 
 sachem "Joshua," which is preserved in the State Library at Hartford. 
 
 Photographs. : , Lrmst W. Appleby Kindness Ian Forbes-Robertson, Esq. 
 
 THE DAVENPORT HOUSE, COVENTRY, 
 ENGLAND 
 
 The home of the ancestors of John Davenport, who was one 
 of the founders of New Haven, Connecticut, and first pastor 
 of the church there. 
 
 The
 
 COVENTRY, CONNECTICUT 
 
 63 
 
 redskin made careful provisions for 
 his children and their bringing 
 up, recording his wishes in these 
 words : — 
 
 "Further my Will is that my 
 Children be brought up the first four 
 years with Trusty and their mother to 
 teach them EngUsh . . . and at the 
 expiration of the said four Years I 
 desire that my Children may be kept 
 at the EngUsh Schoole." 
 
 He especially desired that they 
 should be kept apart from the Con- 
 necticut Indians, and made the 
 further request that he be buried 
 at "Saybrook in a Coffin after the 
 English manner." 
 
 The town is best known as the 
 birthplace and home of Nathan 
 Hale who was shot as a spy in the 
 Revolutionary War, his last words, 
 "My only regret is that I have but 
 one hfe to lose for my country," 
 being known the world over. A 
 beautiful monument has been set 
 up to his memory in the Nathan 
 
 Hale Cemetery in Coventry, other memorials also having been erected in 
 the east corridor of the State Capitol, Hartford, Connecticut, on the front 
 lawn of the Wadsworth Athenaeum, Hartford, Connecticut, in City Hall Park, 
 New York, and on the Yale Campus, New Haven. The town of this name 
 in Vermont was named for the Connecticut town in honour of Major 
 Elias Buel, whose father. Captain Peter Buel, was one of the first settlers in 
 the latter place. 
 
 To the reader the EngHsh Coventry, of course, suggests Lady Godiva and the 
 "Peeping Tom" incident. Tradition has been heaped upon tradition until 
 the story has assumed large proportions and today in the EngHsh town there 
 is an efiigy of the curious one — who was a tailor — in the wall of the King's Head 
 Hotel on Hertford Street. For his rashness, according to Tennyson, — 
 
 "His eyes, before they had their will 
 Were shrivell'd into darkness in his head, 
 And dropped before him." 
 
 Photo!ra;l i ^ frne t II'. AppL^y Kindness Ian Forbes-Rohertson, Esq. 
 
 EFFIGY OF PEEPING TOM, KING'S HEAD HOTEL, 
 COVENTRY, ENGLAND
 
 64 COVENTRY, CONNECTICUT 
 
 It must be remembered, however, that Lady Godiva was a real person, the wife of 
 Leofric, mother of ^Ifgar, Earl of East AngHa, and that her remains were buried 
 in the monastery at Coventry. 
 
 The town itself has been the scene of many charming stories and a modern 
 chronicler well described its place in British history in these words: "It is a typi- 
 cally English city, whose history might serve as the ' abstract and brief chronicles ' 
 of the time. A thoroughly corrupt borough in the worst days of municipal cor- 
 ruption, rigidly Puritan under the Stuarts, loyal under Elizabeth, steady for hered- 
 itary right at Mary's accession — but Protestant, as witness its martyrs — Lollard 
 in the heyday of Lollardry, patriotic and tolerant throughout the Hundred Years' 
 War — as England was, so was Coventry. In art and letters, also, the city recalls 
 what is most characteristic in the achievements of the English people. Here 
 flourished mediaeval architecture, an art wherein EngHshmen have excelled greatly; 
 . . . while chance and the sojourn of George Eliot, have given the city associations 
 with the literary outburst of the Victorian time." 
 
 A part of the old wall begun in 1356 still remains; it is recorded that Charles I 
 made a breach in this wall in 1642 and that some years later another breach was 
 ordered by Charles II in revenge for the repulsing of his father's forces. Many 
 have believed that the famous Mother Shipton foretold the final destruction of 
 this wall when she prophesied that a pigeon should pull it down, which turned out 
 to be true, for the walls were eventually taken down during the Mayoralty of 
 Thomas Pigeon. 
 
 There are many old landmarks in Coventry and among other attractive feat- 
 ures are "the three tall spires" shown in the cut, which lend a dignity to the view as 
 one approaches the city. One of these spires is that of St. Michael's, said to be one 
 of the finest specimens of the florid or perpendicular style of architecture in England. 
 
 Coventry is the center of many industries such as woolens, hosiery, textiles, 
 watches, iron and brass foundries, printing, motor and cycle manufacturing. It is 
 well described by Michael Drayton, Poet Laureate in 1626, in these lines: — 
 
 "Now flourishing with fanes [temples] and proud pyramides [spires] 
 Her walls in good repair, her ports [gates] so bravely built, 
 Her haUs in good estate, her cross so richly gilt 
 As scorning all the Towns that stand within her view." 
 
 In ancient documents the town was called Coventree, sometimes Coven tria, 
 both names probably being derived from a convent established there in the 
 seventh century of which St. Osburg was the Abbess. When Queen Elizabeth 
 visited Coventry, the Mayor is supposed to have received his Sovereign with these 
 
 words: — 
 
 "We men of Coventree 
 Are very glad to see 
 Your Gracious Majestie. 
 Good Lord, how fair ye be!"
 
 COVENTRY, CONNECTICUT 65 
 
 To which the Queen is said to have replied : — 
 
 "Our gracious Majestie 
 Is very glad to see 
 Ye men of Coventree. 
 Good lack, what fools are ye!" 
 
 In St. Michael's Cathedral is the burial-place of Ann Sewell, wife of WiUiam 
 Sewell, who is an ancestor of many of the family of this name in New England. 
 The famous Mrs. Siddons was married in Holy Trinity Church. John Davenport 
 was born in Coventry in 15 17 and his house is still standing. The town quite re- 
 cently commemorated the centenary of George Eliot. 
 
 DOVER, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 FORTY-FOUR American and Colonial Dovers, including the Maine and 
 Massachusetts Dovers and possibly the New Hampshire Dover, were rep- 
 resented at the great pageant held in Dover, England, in 1908. The chorus 
 sang the following two verses, one expressing the pleasure of Dover, England, in 
 receiving so many of her offspring, the other being an ode to the famous English 
 port: — 
 
 "And ye that hearken the while we sing, 
 Look up, and behold a wondrous thing! 
 For these her daughters from oversea, 
 That follow in Dover's company, 
 Forty and four 
 The wide world o'er. 
 And mothers of mighty sons to be — 
 These from the ends of the earth who came, 
 Share her honour, and bear her name — 
 With home-felt rapture around her throng. 
 And thrill to the close of her triumph-song!" 
 
 "Oh, fair and majestic haven, couched under the seacliffs white, 
 That title upon thee graven, Invicta, was thine of right. 
 For one with the waves thy glory, and one with the winds thy might, 
 And the web of thine endless story is woven by day and night, 
 Of ocean's infinite yearning, criss-crossed with the to-and-fro 
 Of a thousand keels returning, a thousand that outward go! 
 From the frowning towers above thee, to the fringing foam below 
 To think of thee is to love thee, as all that have known thee know." 
 
 The scene of this pageant must have been very inspiring, for nearby was the historic 
 Dover Castle, shown in the cut on the next page, and also Shakespeare Cliff, which 
 was chosen by Shakespeare for his famous scene between Edgar and Gloucester in 
 "King Lear." A monument is to be raised on the Chfifs to the men who fell during
 
 DOVER, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 67 
 
 From a print in the collection of Carleion A. Shaw, Esq. 
 
 Kindness Carleton A. Shaw, Esq., and Arthur G. Fuller, Esq. 
 
 EMBARKATION OF HENRY VIII AT DOVER IN 1520 
 
 The original of this picture hangs in the Royal Apartments at Windsor Castle. It can be seen that even 
 in those days Dover ranked high among the important ports of the world. 
 
 the Great War while serving in the splendid "Dover Patrol," whose duties were 
 shared by many Americans. A similar monoHth will be erected near Cape Blanc Nez 
 in France and also on some government land overlooking New York Harbour, the cost 
 of the latter having been defrayed by subscriptions to the Dover Patrol Memorial 
 Fund Committee, the presentation of which was made on April 21, 1920, to our 
 Secretary of War by Major Evelyn Wrench, Hon. Secretary of the London Branch 
 of the Enghsh-Speaking Union. The memorial will testify to the spirit of co-opera- 
 tion which existed between the American and British navies during the late war. 
 Most of the travelers to Dover in the past have thought first of all of the channel 
 passage, whether it was to be rough or smooth, but it is inevitable that tourists 
 should in the future take more interest in this town, which is a prosperous port, 
 an important garrison town, a naval depot, a popular watering place and a busy 
 commercial center, with a population of about forty-two thousand. It is only 
 twenty-two miles to France, and on a clear day the coast is clearly discernible, as 
 Wordsworth described in these words: — 
 
 "And saw, while sea was calm and air was clear. 
 The coast of France! the coast of France how near!" 
 
 It was from Dover that the first successful start was made to cross the Channel in 
 a balloon, on January 7, 1785, and in this port on July 25, 1909, landed M. Bleriot, 
 the first to cross these waters in a monoplane. 
 
 Dover, situated in County Kent on the river Dour, is one of the historic Cinque 
 Ports, and furnished five ships which helped considerably in defeating the Armada.
 
 68 
 
 DOVER, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 Photographed by The View &* Portrait Supply Co., 15, Lisle St., Leicester Sq., //'. Kindness Ian Forbes-Robertson, Esq. 
 
 DOVER CASTLE, DOVER, ENGLAND 
 
 The Massachusetts town has taken a great deal of interest in the Enghsh Dover 
 and, about the year 1845, officially appointed the Rev. Dr. Sanger in town meeting 
 to write a suitable reply to a letter of greeting sent from this channel port, but as 
 the subject did not appear in the Town Warrant, there is no record of this interest- 
 ing event. Again in 1898, when the Dover First Parish celebrated the one hun- 
 dred and fiftieth anniversary of its organization, fitting reference was made to the 
 mother town. In 1918, H. J. Taylor, Esq., of Dover, England, a member of the 
 British American Fellowship Committee, sent Dover an invitation to have any of 
 its men serving in the war visit the Enghsh seaport and so far as possible notices 
 were sent to all Dover boys informing them of this invitation. 
 
 In 1920 various pubHcations giving the history of Dover were sent to the mother 
 town and were acknowledged for the corporation by the town clerk, Reginald E. 
 Knocker, Esq. In exchange, the Dover, Massachusetts, Public Library received 
 "Annals of Dover" by J. Bavington Jones; "Dover and the Great War;" and 
 "Dover, England's Gate" by Walter Emden, late Mayor of Dover, all volumes 
 being highly prized by the Hbrary. 
 
 Dover, Massachusetts, was incorporated as the Springfield Parish of Dedham 
 in 1748, as the District of Dover in 1784 and as the town of Dover in 1836. 
 
 There is also a Dover in Vermont.
 
 69 
 
 EXETER, NEW HAMPSHIRE 
 
 THE beginnings of Exeter, New Hampshire, date back to the year 1638 when 
 Rev. John Wheelwright, being denied by the Massachusetts Bay Colony 
 freedom in reHgious matters and having incurred the displeasure of the 
 authorities, was banished from the Colony in 1637. With a small band of follow- 
 ers and companions he turned to the North and was given by the Indian sagamore 
 and his son, by deeds dated 1638 which are still preserved, title to a tract of land 
 about the Falls of the Squamscott. The name of Exeter was given to this settle- 
 ment in honour of Godfrey Dear- 
 born of Exeter, England, who had 
 accompanied Rev. Mr. Wheel- 
 wright in his exile. There is on 
 record an estimate of the prowess 
 of Rev. Mr. Wheelwright on the 
 football field, written by Oliver 
 Cromwell who often played 
 against him while they were fel- 
 low-students at Cambridge Uni- 
 versity, and who declared later 
 that he used to be more afraid of 
 meeting Wheelwright at football 
 than he had been since of meeting 
 an army in the field. After grad- 
 uation Wheelwright took holy 
 orders and later became allied 
 with the Puritan movement and 
 was silenced for non-conformity. 
 In 1636 he landed in Boston and 
 soon after became pastor of a new 
 church gathered at Mt. Wollas- 
 ton, now Quincy. After falHng 
 under the ban of the Massachu- 
 setts Bay Colony and settling in 
 this New Hampshire territory, 
 now Exeter, one of the first deeds 
 accomplished was the founding 
 of a church which still remains 
 the Town Church. Rev. Samuel 
 Dudley, son of Governor Thomas 
 
 From a photograph 
 
 Kindness Edmund S. Boyer, Esq., and Joseph S. 
 Ford, Esq. 
 
 REPLICA OF THE COAT OF ARMS OF EXETER, 
 
 ENGLAND, IN THE ADMINISTRATION BUILDING 
 
 OF PHILLIPS-EXETER ACADEMY, EXETER, NEW 
 
 HAMPSHIRE, 
 
 procured by Joseph S. Ford, Esq., at the suggestion of the 
 President of the Board of Trustees of the Academy, S. 
 Sidney Smith, Esq. The present was sent in 1915 by A. 
 Wheaton, Esq., of the EngHsh Exeter, and with it came a 
 copy of the exemphfication of the coat of arms given by 
 Queen Elizabeth, dated August 6, 1564, the town being 
 spelled Exceter at that time. The building in which it is 
 placed is shown in the accompanying cut.
 
 From "Life at Exeter" Kindness Edmund S. Boyer, Esq., and Phillips-Exeter Academy 
 
 ADMINISTRATION BUILDING OF PHILLIPS-EXETER ACADEMY, EXETER, NEW 
 
 HAMPSHIRE, 
 in which there is a reproduction of the coat of arms of Exeter, England, shown in another illustration. 
 
 From "32 Photographic Views oj South Devon," C llcut &• Beavis, London Kindness H'olter K. H'utkins, Esq. 
 
 EXETER CATHEDRAL, EXETER, ENGLAND
 
 EXETER, NEW HAMPSHIRE 
 
 From " The ll'est Coa^i nf EnsLnd" Pi, fin I (, i ',- "?, nd Edition 
 
 Kindness Walter K, Watkins, Esq. 
 
 THE EXE BRIDGE, EXETER, ENGLAND 
 
 Dudley, a native of England, was pastor of this church for thirty-three years. 
 Another man who added to the fame of Exeter was John PhilHps, who, born in 
 Andover, Massachusetts, moved to Exeter in 174 1. He taught for a time, then 
 engaged in trade in which he was very successful. He gave liberally to the cause 
 of education, contributing to Dartmouth College and, joining with his brother, 
 Samuel, founded PhilHps-Andover. He later founded and organized Philhps- 
 Exeter Academy in 1783, remaining for twelve years as its head. Daniel Web- 
 ster, Edward Everett and General Lewis Cass (who was born in Exeter in a house 
 which is still standing) are three well-known graduates of this Academy. The 
 Oilman, Ladd, French and Folsom famihes are others who have done much for 
 the development of the town from its earliest days down to the present time. 
 WilHam H. Folsom who pitched the first curved ball for Harvard University was a 
 native of Exeter. 
 
 In 1915, through the efforts of Mr. Joseph S. Ford, at the suggestion of the Presi- 
 dent of the Board of Trustees of the Academy, S. Sidney Smith, Esq., of New York 
 City, a replica of the City Arms of Exeter, England, was sent to the New Hampshire 
 town by Mr. A. Wheaton, book pubHsher in the Enghsh Exeter. This now hangs 
 in the Administration Building of Phillips-Exeter Academy. An exemphfication 
 of the coat of arms, as granted by Queen Elizabeth, dated August 6, 1564, and 
 verified as a copy by Mr. H. Lloyd Parry, Town Clerk, was sent from England 
 as descriptive of the replica and is now preserved in the Library of the Academy. 
 At the time the original document was written the manner of spelling the name of 
 the town in England was "Exceter." 
 
 Exeter, England, is situated in the county of Devon, on the river Exe, which 
 plainly shows whence came its name. This old English town is famous for the 
 number of sieges it sustained as the chief place in the southwest of England. In 
 early times it was called Caer Isc by the Britons, while later the Romans called it
 
 72 EXETER, NEW HAMPSHIRE 
 
 Isca Damnoniorum. On an eminence near one of the railway stations may be seen 
 the ruins of Rougemont Castle, built by William the Conqueror, which was so 
 named for the colour of the rock on which it was built. Exeter's principal edifice 
 is the cathedral, begun in iioo, which is famed for the beauty of its design and 
 the richness of its decorations. In the chapter-house of the cathedral is preserved, 
 among other valuable ancient manuscripts, Leofric's famous book of Saxon poetry. 
 The city has some shipping trade, communication with the sea being furnished 
 by the ship-canal originally cut in the reign of EHzabeth in 1564. This waterway 
 is an interesting work, being the first one carried out in the United Kingdom for 
 the purpose of enabling seagoing vessels to pass to an inland port. 
 
 FRAMINGHAM, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 FRAMLINGHAM, England, which is spelled with an "1," is a small town 
 near Ipswich as shown in a letter written in 1900 by Rev. J. Holme Pilking- 
 ton, Rector of Framlingham, to Peter N. Everett, Esq., Secretary of the 
 Bicentennial Committee of Framingham, Massachusetts: — 
 
 "A remark in an Jpswich paper a week or two back, will, I think, give you a good 
 idea of our present condition. It says ' FramUngham went to sleep in the time of Queen 
 Elizabeth, and has not woke up yet. You may make as much noise as you like, you will 
 never wake it now.' I am afraid there is much truth underlying the sarcasm." 
 
 Another note written in 1900 describes Framlingham as a "small town of rather 
 more than two thousand inhabitants. Though a small and (except locally) unim- 
 portant place now, it has great and interesting historical associations and the im- 
 posing ruins of Framlingham Castle testify to its ancient grandeur. I expect the 
 American daughter has altogether eclipsed her EngUsh Mother." 
 
 There have been a few interchanges of presents which have been sent chiefly 
 by the Rector, as the town does not boast of a Mayor. The most interesting 
 report, however, of the old town has been written by Mr. John M. Merriam and 
 we beHeve we cannot do better than quote parts of his account of his visit to Fram- 
 lingham, which he has kindly furnished for this article: — 
 
 "It was an unusual pleasure which fell to our lot May 26, 1914, to visit the Town of 
 Framlingham, in England, and it has been a continuing pleasure since our return to our 
 home in Massachusetts to study, so far as we have been able, the history of this old 
 Mother town. 
 
 These two far distant Towns are connected through the life of Thomas Danforth. 
 When the Pilgrims were endeavoring to preserve their frail settlement on these Massa- 
 chusetts shores in 1622, a son was born to Nicholas Danforth in Framlingham, England. 
 The father, Nicholas, was a man of position in his community, in England, being a Vestry- 
 man in the established church. According to the custom of the church the son was bap- 
 tised at the old Font in front of the Altar and this font is still in use, and the record of his 
 baptism is preserved in the Parish records which can still be examined in consecutive order 
 from the century preceding his birth to the present time. The father moved from Eng-
 
 FRAMINGHAM, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 73 
 
 ■ned hy John M. Mfrri.jm, Eyj., of Framinshwf . Massachusetts 
 
 FRAMLINGHAM CHURCH, FRAMLINGHAM, ENGLAND 
 
 The Rector of this church, Rev. J. Hohne Pilkington, sent letters at the time of the Bicentennial 
 celebration of the incorporation of Framingham, Massachusetts, in 1900. 
 
 land in 1634. He had lost his wife in 1629 and he brought with him the six children 
 she had left. He was among the early settlers of Cambridge. The son, Thomas, was 
 destined for important service in this new land. . . . According to Governor Hutchinson, 
 he had a 'great share in managing the public affairs in the most difl&cult times.' For 
 his pubhc service, and for money spent by him in the pubUc interest, several grants of 
 land were made to him which were known as 'Danforth Farms' and this territory was 
 incorporated in 1700 as Framingham in remembrance of the town of his birth. Danforth 
 had died in the preceding year, November 5, 1699. The name was in use before the incor- 
 poration of the town and occurs in Danforth's own letters, spelled Framingham. Our Town 
 Historian, Rev. Josiah H. Temple, gives a few references in our Colonial records in which 
 the EngUsh spelling Framlingham was followed. I have found a further instance of 
 this spelling in Cotton Mather's Diary, where he records, August 14, 1718, 'Divisions and 
 Confusions in the Church at FramUngham call for my best endeavors to bring them to 
 a period.' This will suffice to show the connection historically of FramUngham, England, 
 and Framingham, Mass. 
 
 A branch railroad leaves the main hne about eighty miles from London, and ends at 
 the Httle Town of FramUngham, a township of some two thousand people in the northern 
 part of Suffolk County near the line of Norfolk. 
 
 . . . The oak seems to have flourished near FramUngham. Probably many of these
 
 74 FRAMINGHAM, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 giants of the forest went into the frigates and merchantmen which have carried the Eng- 
 hsh flag to all the seas of the world. One of these old giants was known as the ' Framling- 
 ham Oak,' an account of which is given in the 'Library of Entertaining Knowledge.' 
 This tree was used in the construction of the 'Royal Sovereign.' It yielded, so we read, 
 four square beams, each one forty-four feet in length, the largest one of which was four 
 feet nine inches square. These old Enghsh oaks were very dear to the English people, 
 as some of their old songs abundantly prove. Listen to the words of the familiar song 
 'Hearts of Oak.' 
 
 'Hearts of oak are our ships. 
 
 Jolly tars are our men. 
 
 We always are ready, 
 
 Steady boys, steady, 
 
 We'll fight and we'll conquer 
 
 Again and again.' 
 
 'They swear they'll invade us, these terrible foes. 
 They frighten our women, our children, our beaux, 
 But should their flat bottoms in darkness get o'er 
 Still Britons they'll find to receive them on shore.' 
 
 Let us now turn to the history of Framhngham. It is a town of great antiquity begin- 
 ning possibly with the Roman occupation. The ruins of a castle of very considerable 
 proportions crown the highest land, and with the old church nearby, are the principal 
 objects of interest. This old Castle is among the prominent ones of early England. All 
 it needs is the genius of another Scott to cast around it romantic interest similar to that 
 of Kenilworth. This Castle was the home of perhaps the foremost family in England, 
 the Howards, famous for many generations as the great House of Norfolk. It was this 
 family which furnished Thomas Howard, the second Duke of Norfolk, the English leader 
 of the battle resulting in the defeat of Scotland at Flodden Field. Closely connected with 
 the same family were those unfortunate royal cousins, Anne Boleyn and Catherine Howard, 
 wives of Henry VIII, who lost their heads at the command of their husband and king. 
 Another Howard was their powerful uncle, Thomas the Duke of Norfolk, who was saved 
 from death at the block by the death of the king himself the day before the time appointed 
 for the execution. . . . The present representative of the Howard family in England is 
 the Duke of Norfolk, often called the premier duke of England, as his title can be traced 
 to the earhest sources of all present titles. 
 
 Among the paintings of the last century is one of Framlingham Castle bearing date 
 1828, by John Sell Cotman, A.W.S. A friend recently gave to me a portfolio of copies 
 of English oils and water colors, and in it I was deUghted to find a copy of Cotman's paint- 
 ing, which shows the castle as it stood eighty-six years ago. . . . 
 
 The author, Richard Green, gives two possible sources of the name Framhngham; 
 one from the Saxon words FriendUng and Ham — a stranger's home, or a habitation of 
 strangers; and the other from the name of the stream Fromas. The name antedates the 
 Domesday Book of William the Conqueror when it is written 'Framincham.' It became 
 a family name in 1330 as there is record of John de Framlingham, a Rector of Kelsale, 
 and in 1 540 Henry VIII conferred a grant of land to Francis Framlingham, who held the 
 same from Thomas Howard, third Duke of Norfolk, as 'Lord of the Manor of Framlingham 
 ad Castrum.' 
 
 In this history of Green's the Castle is called a 'pile of unknown antiquity.' An early 
 description by Dr. Henry Sampson, the Rector of Framlingham in 1 650-1 660 is this: 
 'Framlingham Castle is a very ancient structure, and said to have been built in the time 
 of the Saxons. It was one of the principal seats of St. Edmund the King and Martyr. 
 When he fled from Dunwich, being pursued by the pagan Danes, he took refuge in this 
 Castle but being hard besieged, and having no hope of rescue, he fled from thence, and
 
 FRAMINGHAM, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 75 
 
 From a print dated 1813, owned by Allan Forbes Formerly in the collection of J. H. Seers, Essex, England 
 
 FRAMLINGHAM CASTLE, SUFFOLK, ENGLAND 
 Framingham, Massachusetts, is named for Framlingham, England. 
 
 being overtaken by his enemies, was beheaded at Hoxon, from where long after his corpse 
 was removed and reinterred at Bury, called since Bury St. Edmunds.' 
 
 Dr. Henry Sampson gives the interesting description of Framlingham Castle. 'This 
 castle was given by King Edward I to his second son, Thomas of Brotheron, Earl of 
 Norfolk and Marshall of England, who repaired it, as appeareth by his arms in diverse 
 places thereof.' 
 
 But the chief interest in Framhngham Castle is in its association with Mary, who 
 became Queen of England upon the death of her younger brother, Edward VI, in 1553. 
 When he died Mary was at Hunsdon in the north of England, and the message came to 
 her that her right to succeed was disputed and that she was destined for imprisonment 
 in the Tower of London. She turned as a fugitive toward Kenninghall in Norfolk County, 
 where at one time she had Uved. . . . Kenninghall was unfortified, but only twenty miles 
 away was Framlingham Castle, encircled with moats and completely fortified, and here 
 she determined to make her stand as England's Queen. Directly Mary stood within the 
 magnificent area formed by the circUng towers of Framlingham Castle, she felt herself 
 a sovereign; she immediately defied her enemies, by displaying her standard over the 
 gate-tower, and assumed the title of queen-regent of England and Ireland. 
 
 With the arrival of Queen Mary, FramHngham Castle became and remained for a 
 few days the seat of Government. Mary appointed a privy council who came to her 
 assistance at Framlingham and royal proclamations were issued from this Castle. . . . 
 On the last day of July, Mary began her triumphal march from Framlingham to London. 
 The opposition to her succession to the throne had been overcome, influential leaders had
 
 76 FRAMINGHAM, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 come to her support, an army had been placed at her command, ships sent to Yarmouth 
 in order to besiege, the FramUngham Castle had surrendered upon her order, money had 
 been supplied, and she had organized a Government. This event in the life of Queen 
 Mary is thus summed up by the historian Knight; — 'Here Mary remained till the last 
 day of July. She entered the gates of Framlingham after a hurried ride of secrecy and 
 fear. She went forth surrounded with armed thousands in the state of a Queen.' . . . 
 
 The old church at Framlingham, as well as the Castle, is of unusual interest; it is 
 situated near the entrance to the castle. In this Church are the tombs of Henry Howard, 
 Duke of Norfolk, and his son the Earl of Surrey. 
 
 In the same corner of the Church is the tomb of Henry Fitzroy, the natural son of 
 King Henry VIII, known in history as the Earl of Richmond. This King wrought speedy 
 punishment upon his wives, Anne Boleyn and Catherine Howard when slander impeach- 
 ing their fidelity was brought to him, but he saw no wrong in his own association with 
 Lady EHzabeth Talbois, resulting in the birth of this son in 15 19. This boy lived only 
 seventeen years, but before his death he married Mary Howard, the sister of the Earl of 
 Surrey. This boy was not only acknowledged by his father, but had all the favor and 
 training which could have been given him as the legitimate Prince. Froude states that 
 he was 'a gallant high spirited boy,' that his 'beauty and noble promise' were at once 
 'his father's misery and pride,' and adds 'if this boy had lived he would have been named 
 to follow Edward VI in this succession and would have become King of England.' To 
 what strange fancy are we led as we pause at the tomb of this boy in the Framlingham 
 Church and conjecture how his life, had it been spared, might have changed the whole 
 course of English history. 
 
 But our most pleasant recollection of Framlingham centers around the Rectory occu- 
 pied by the Rev. James Holme Pilkington. Our letter of introduction from Mr. Peter N. 
 Everett in the name of the Selectmen of Framingham secured a very cordial welcome 
 from the Rector and his wife. He recalled his correspondence with our Bicentennial 
 Committee in 1899 and 1900, parts of which have already been quoted, and expressed an 
 interest in our populous community, which in commercial prosperity has far outstripped 
 the English town. We were made welcome in his home, learned from him something of 
 the history of the Castle and of the Church, saw the old Parish register, partook of tea at 
 his table, and w^alked about his beautiful grounds. It was a welcome many miles from 
 home, and in a strange land, from one we had never met before, but it had the warmth 
 and sincerity as from an old friend. The hospitality of our host expressed to us a bond 
 of real kinship between the English Framlingham and the American Framingham." 
 
 The English Rector in one of his letters to Mr. Everett wrote : — 
 
 "I am sending by this post a packet containing the guide to Framlingham which I prom- 
 ised, and also a small local Almanack containing a short retrospect of the past year, with 
 three or four back numbers of our small local paper. You will see, as you doubtless al- 
 ready know, that we are very much behind you in the matter of journalism. I am unable 
 to send you a facsimile of our ofi&cial seal, as Framlingham does not possess such a thing. 
 We are under the rule of Parish Council, which are seal-less corporations." 
 
 There is only one Framingham in the United States.
 
 77 
 
 GREENWICH, CONNECTICUT 
 
 THE town of Greenwich in the county of Kent, England, from which Green- 
 wich, Connecticut, received its name, is celebrated as the home of many dis- 
 tinguished individuals. Dr. Johnson lived there for a short time and liked 
 the town, although he and his companion agreed that they liked London much 
 better. He must have enjoyed the place a great deal, however, for he described it 
 in the following lines : — 
 
 "On Thames's banks in silent thought we stood, 
 Where Greenwich smiles upon the silver flood; 
 Pleased with the seat that gave Eliza birth, 
 We kneel and kiss the consecrated earth." 
 
 (Eliza refers to Queen Elizabeth.) 
 
 Greenwich has been spoken of as the "marine residence" of the kings and 
 reached its zenith at the time of Charles I. During the reign of Henry VIII many 
 tilting tournaments were held there, the King himself being most skillful at this 
 ancient sport. Besides excelUng in tilting, he was also good at other games, for 
 we are told that once on a visit to France he defeated a huge German in a combat 
 with battle-axes, being beaten, however, by Francis I of France in wrestling. King 
 Henry's brother-in-law, Charles Brandon, whose marriage took place at Greenwich 
 in 15 15, was also an expert at the tilts, and at one tournament held in France he 
 won over all comers in a contest in which pointed spears were used. The following 
 extract from a challenge issued in 1606 well expresses the romance and excitement 
 attending one of these tournaments: — 
 
 "To all honourable men at arrmes, and knights, adventurers of hereditarie note and 
 exemplarie noblesse that for moste maintainable actions do wield eyther sword or lance in 
 quest of glorie." 
 
 At another meeting it is said that three hundred spears were "shivered" in one 
 day's sport. 
 
 Henry VIII was born in Greenwich and lived there the greater part of his early 
 Ufe, in the gay days of the town. It was there that he resided after his marriage in 
 1509 to Catherine of Aragon, with whom he lived happily for several years. While 
 she was in the good graces of the king, Catherine took an active interest in the 
 affairs of the nation. It is told of her that when business was dull in Bedfordshire, 
 the center of the lace industry, she burned her lace, ordering more to be made, 
 and, in recognition of this royal patronage, as late as the nineteenth century the 
 lace makers kept "Cattern's Day" as a holiday of their craft. It was from Green- 
 wich that this unfortunate wife had to depart in 1531 to give place to Anne Boleyn, 
 and from that time on, the cruel career of King Henry is only too well known. 
 Queen Elizabeth, who was a daughter of King Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn, was
 
 GREENWICH, CONNECTICUT 
 
 FTom an old print Owned by Allan Forbes 
 
 GREENWICH HOSPITAL, GREENWICH, LONDON, ENGLAND, 
 NOW THE ROYAL NAVAL COLLEGE 
 
 Greenwich is now part of London. Many important events in England's history took place there. 
 
 born at Greenwich and raised the village to the position of a town. It was during 
 the reign of this queen that Drake circumnavigated the globe and after this event 
 sailed up the Thames in front of her Greenwich Palace to receive honours from 
 Queen Elizabeth, who dined on board Drake's vessel and knighted the famous 
 explorer. 
 
 The Royal Naval College is a feature second only in importance to the Royal 
 Observatory. Before being taken over for the present purpose, this splendid range 
 of buildings was known as Greenwich Hospital, and it is interesting to know that its 
 pensioners were benefited indirectly by the well-known pirate Captain Kidd, whose 
 property was sold after his execution in London and £6472 therefrom given to the 
 hospital. There is a "Nelson" room in this College, containing some fine paintings 
 of that great seaman's victories. On the site of this building once stood the Royal 
 Palace in which Henry VIII, Queen Mary and Queen EHzabeth were born, and 
 Edward VI died. 
 
 Cardinal Wolsey lived in Greenwich and also the family of General Wolfe of
 
 GREENWICH, CONNECTICUT 79 
 
 Canadian fame. It is from the meridian of Greenwich that geographers reckon 
 longitude and from the Royal Observatory the hours are flashed to every part of 
 England and Scotland by means of the "motor" clock which is one of the many 
 extraordinary instruments of this institution. 
 
 The connecting links between old Greenwich in England and new Greenwich in 
 Connecticut were the two brothers John Mead and Joseph Mead, who were born 
 in Greenwich, England, now part of Greater London, and who settled in that part 
 of Greenwich, Connecticut, now called Sound Beach, formerly named Elizabeth's 
 Neck in honour of Queen Elizabeth, and later Greenwich, to commemorate the birth- 
 place of these two Meads. The two brothers were buried in the old cemetery in 
 Sound Beach, having lived in that Connecticut town for the greater part of their 
 Hves, except during the time of the controversy between the English and the Dutch 
 over the sovereignty of the settlement, when they temporarily moved to Hempstead, 
 Long Island. 
 
 John Mead made his first purchase of land in Greenwich in the year 1660 and 
 from then to the present time this name has been one of the most important in the 
 town. Eleven out of twenty- three subscribers towards the Greenwich Library 
 were members of the Mead family. The following story is told in Greenwich of 
 this early settler: — 
 
 One day when he was riding on horseback Mead overtook a man walking along 
 the road with a heavy bundle and asked him whether he couldn't carry it for him. 
 "No," was the reply, "you don't get my bundle, for I can read men's thoughts." 
 This, of course, irritated Mead. In a short time they came to a river which had 
 to be forded, whereupon the horseman offered to take the suspecting traveler over 
 the stream on his horse; the offer was accepted, and Mead, on reaching the deepest 
 part, precipitated his passenger into the water, telling him it would teach him a good 
 lesson. 
 
 Joseph Mead, the brother, was one of the "Twenty-seven Proprietors of 1672" 
 of the Town of Greenwich; other important names were Peck, Lockwood, Reynolds, 
 Close, Ferris and Palmer. 
 
 Two other early settlers were George Hubbard and Robert Husted, both well- 
 known names in our Greenwich. The former was probably born in Somerset, 
 England, coming to this country about 1635 and buying land in the town in the 
 year 1659; the latter sailed from England for Massachusetts in 1635, moving to 
 Stamford, Connecticut, several years later. He was a witness in 1640 to the Indian 
 deed to Greenwich, conveying part of the town to Robert Feaks and Captain Daniel 
 Patrick, who landed at Greenwich Point as agents of the New Haven Colony for 
 the purpose of acquiring that property at Greenwich. It may be interesting to 
 mention that Feaks' wife was the widow of Henry Winthrop, son of Governor 
 Winthrop of Massachusetts. These two men at once settled at Greenwich, where 
 they died a few years later.
 
 8o GREENWICH, CONNECTICUT 
 
 The early settlers had much trouble with the Indians, but finally made an 
 agreement with the Dutch providing that their combined forces should be used in 
 case of Indian attacks. 
 
 The early town of Greenwich, or Old Town, as it was called, included the terri- 
 tory between the Mianus River on the west and the town of Stamford on the east. 
 The town soon spread westward beyond the river, this settlement being known in 
 1669 by the curious name of Horseneck, so called because its shape was said to 
 resemble a horse with his neck outstretched. This name was used until 1849, 
 although the consolidation of the two towns took place in 1705. The patent for 
 the town was granted only on the condition that an orthodox church should be 
 maintained and the first church stood near the Greenwich Cove. 
 
 In the year 1673 postal trips on horseback were inaugurated over the trail that 
 was at first known as the Westchester Path, later called the Country Road, then 
 the icing's Highway, Post Road, Turnpike Road, and finally the Post Road again, 
 by which name it is now known. The messenger allowed people to travel with 
 him. A weekly packet service between Greenwich and New York was also es- 
 tablished as early as 1696, to carry produce and passengers. 
 
 No visitor should go to Greenwich without visiting the scene of General Israel 
 Putnam's famous ride of the Revolutionary War. The centennial of this event 
 was held at Greenwich on February 26, 1879, and on that occasion there were 
 present as guests a great-grandson of Putnam and also a grandson of Thomas 
 Merritt of Canada, the Tory who chased the General to the brow of the hill, down 
 which he galloped his horse, "daring to lead where not one of many hundred foes 
 dared to follow." 
 
 The history of the nearby city of Stamford is closely connected with that of 
 Greenwich, as the latter place was in the early days part of the former. 
 
 There is also a Greenwich in Massachusetts. 
 
 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 "Graceful in name and in thyself, our river 
 
 None fairer saw in John Ward's pilgrim flock, 
 Proof that upon their century-rooted stock 
 The English roses bloom as fresh as ever. 
 
 Take the warm welcome of new friends with thee. 
 And listening to thy home's familiar chime 
 Dream that thou hearest, with it keeping time, 
 
 The bells on Merrimac sound across the sea. 
 
 Think of our thrushes, when the lark sings clear. 
 Of our sweet Mayflowers when the daisies bloom; 
 And bear to our and thy ancestral home 
 
 The kindly greeting of its children here.
 
 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS 8i 
 
 Say that our love survives the severing strain; 
 That the New England, with the Old, holds fast 
 The proud, fond memories of a common past; 
 
 Unbroken still the ties of blood remain!" 
 
 THE above lines were written by the poet John Greenleaf Whittier, at the 
 time that Hon. Daniel Gurteen, Jr., Chairman of the Local Board of Ha- 
 verhill, England, and his daughter, Miss Grace Gurteen, ofificially visited 
 our city of Haverhill, in 1890, on 
 its two hundred and fiftieth anni- 
 versary. Mr. Gurteen and his 
 daughter called on Mr. Whittier 
 at his home in Danvers and it 
 was there that he wrote these 
 impromptu lines, which he dedi- 
 cated to the young English 
 woman. The English Chairman 
 in the following letter had been 
 ofificially asked by the Mayor of 
 Haverhill, Massachusetts, Hon. 
 Thomas E. Burnham, to repre- 
 sent his town at this celebra- 
 tion : — 
 
 "Mayor's Office, Haverhill, Mass. 
 March 15, 1890. 
 
 To THE Chairman of the Local 
 Board, 
 
 Haverhill, England. 
 Sir: — 
 
 In the year 1640, Rev. John 
 Ward, born in Haverhill, England, 
 penetrated with a small band of 
 followers into what was then a 
 wilderness, and formed a little set- 
 tlement on the banks of the Merri- 
 mac River, in what is now Essex 
 County, Massachusetts. In honor 
 of their devout pastor they named 
 the settlement Haverhill for his 
 home in England. . . . 
 
 This year, on the second and 
 third of July, we propose to have 
 a celebration of the quarter-millen- 
 nial anniversary of the settlement 
 of our city, and recognizing the ties 
 that bind us to your own ancient 
 town, and feeling that it would 
 
 From a photograph Kindness John G. Monlton, Esq. 
 
 ADDRESS FROM HAVERHILL, ENGLAND, TO 
 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS, 
 
 brought to this country by Hon. Daniel Gurteen, Jr., Chair- 
 man of the Local Board of the EngHsh town, on the occasion 
 of the two hundred and fiftieth anniversary of our town, in 
 1890. It is now in the Haverhill (Massachusetts) Public 
 Library. 
 
 Another document sent by the English town twenty-five 
 years later hangs in the Mayor's ofhce in the City Hall of our 
 Haverhill.
 
 82 
 
 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 Photographed by J. H. Godden Kindness Ian Forbes-Robertson, Esq. 
 
 SHIELD SENT BY HAVERHILL, MASSACHU- 
 SETTS, TO HAVERHILL, ENGLAND, IN 1890, 
 
 where it now hangs in the Town Hall. It is made of 
 wood from an old oak tree that grew on the place in 
 Haverhill where Whittier was born. 
 
 afford real pleasure not only to myself 
 but to the people whom I have the 
 honor to represent to have Old Haver- 
 hill over the sea represented on that 
 occasion, I take great pleasure in ex- 
 tending to you the freedom of the city 
 during that event, and in inviting 
 yourself and lady to be the guests of 
 the city on that occasion. 
 
 Hoping that you will favor us with 
 your presence, and that we shall receive 
 an early acceptance of the formal invi- 
 tation that will be forwarded to your 
 Honor in a few days, 
 
 I am yours truly, 
 
 Thomas E. Biirnham, 
 
 Mayor of Haverhill, Mass. U.S.A." 
 
 The Englishman brought with him 
 the following congratulatory ad- 
 dress, very attractively gotten up 
 and signed by the town officers, 
 ministers and citizens of his town; 
 it is now in our Haverhill Public 
 Library : — 
 
 "To THE HONOURABLE THE MaYOR, 
 
 THE City Council and citizens 
 OF Haverhill, Massachusetts, in 
 THE United States of America: 
 
 We, the undersigned local authori- 
 ties, public officers, and citizens of the 
 ancient mother town of Haverhill, in the counties of Suffolk and Essex, in England, desire 
 to convey to you our friendly greeting and hearty congratulation upon the celebration of 
 the 250th anniversary of the settlement, in the year a.d. 1640, by John Ward, a native of 
 this place, and others who accompanied him from the Old World to the New. We thank 
 you for the opportunity of being represented on this auspicious occasion, not merely as 
 an acknowledgment of the natural tie which exists between our respective communities, 
 but also as a proof of the kindly spirit which prevails on your side towards us here. We 
 assure you that your good will is most cordially reciprocated, and that we highly appre- 
 ciate the kind invitation extended to us through our representative; and we trust that 
 his visit may still further promote friendly relations of an abiding kind. We rejoice with 
 you at the continued progress of your city, and earnestly hope that it is destined to enjoy 
 still greater prosperity, so that its future may be even brighter than its past, and that it 
 may steadily grow in everything conducive to the welfare of its citizens and the advance- 
 ment of our common civilization. 
 
 Dated this 27th day of May, 1890." 
 
 In recognition of the courtesy shown by the English town and in memory of the 
 visit of Mr. Gurteen and his daughter, our city of Haverhill sent to the English
 
 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 83 
 
 town a medallion, a shield in 
 the form of the coat of arms 
 of the Commonwealth of Mas- 
 sachusetts, carved in wood 
 from an old oak tree that 
 grew on the place in Haver- 
 hill where Whittier was born, 
 with the city seal in the center 
 and smaller carved medallions 
 in the corners. It now hangs 
 in the Town Hall of the Eng- 
 lish Haverhill. An album was 
 also sent to Mr. Gurteen con- 
 taining photographs of some 
 of the prominent citizens of 
 the Massachusetts city. Hon. 
 William H. Moody, afterwards 
 Secretary of the Navy, Attor- 
 ney-General and Justice of 
 the Supreme Court of the 
 United States, was one of the 
 Committee appointed to pre- 
 sent these gifts. These presents 
 were received with a great deal 
 of ceremony at a large recep- 
 tion held in the Town Hall 
 and acknowledgment was sent 
 to our city later. Details of 
 these English proceedings and 
 of the Haverhill celebration 
 are given in "The Story of a 
 New England Town" pub- 
 lished in 1 89 1, which gives all 
 the correspondence and an ac- 
 count of Mr. Gurteen 's visit, 
 with copies of articles from 
 the papers of Haverhill, Eng- 
 land. The Haverhill Public 
 Library treasures several auto- 
 graphed letters of Mr. Gurteen 
 which were sent to residents 
 
 From a photograph 
 
 Kindness John G. Moulton, Esq. 
 
 MEMORIAL TABLET IN THE PARISH CHURCH, 
 HAVERHILL, ENGLAND, 
 
 erected to Rev. John Ward, grandfather of Rev. John Ward 
 who was the first minister of Haverhill, Massachusetts. A 
 drawing made from the original tablet is owned by the Haver- 
 hill, Massachusetts, Public Library, and is loaned to the 
 Haverhill Historical Society. The inscription is in the text. 
 
 Haverhill, Massachusetts, was so named in honour of Rev. 
 John Ward, who, born in the town of the same name in Eng- 
 land, settled on the banks of the Merrimac soon after 1640.
 
 84 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 of Haverhill, Massachusetts, in 1891 and 1892, and it also has received news- 
 papers, books and other presents which have come across the ocean as gifts 
 from the English Haverhill. On the occasion of the two hundred and fiftieth 
 anniversary, cables were interchanged between the two Haverhills and at the 
 anniversary banquet an address was made by Hon. Leverett Saltonstall of 
 Boston, a descendant of Richard Saltonstall, who was very active in the early 
 days of our Haverhill and who was descended from Rev. John Ward, Nathaniel 
 Saltonstall having married a daughter of John Ward. Whittier wrote a poem 
 for the occasion which was read at the literary exercises, in which he alluded to 
 old Haverhill, as follows: — 
 
 "We see, their rude-built huts beside, 
 Grave men and women anxious-eyed. 
 And wistful youth remembering still 
 Dear homes in England's Haverhill." 
 
 In 1915 when our Haverhill commemorated its two hundred and seventy-fifth 
 anniversary, there was another exchange of greetings between the two Haverhills 
 and at this time the Enghsh town sent a very attractive document which has been 
 framed and which now hangs in the Mayor's Office, City Hall. Hon. Albert L. 
 Bartlett was Mayor of our Haverhill at that time and wrote an account of old 
 Haverhill in which we have found much of interest. The first part of the name is 
 derived from the Anglo-Saxon "hoefer" meaning a "he-goat." In the old records 
 the name is spelled "Haverell" or "HaverhuU." The town is situated partly in 
 Essex County and partly in Suffolk County, about fifty-five miles northeast of 
 London and not far from Cambridge, High Street which runs through the town 
 being part of an old Roman road connecting Cambridge and Colchester. Into 
 this settlement the Huguenot, or Flemish, exiles brought the art of weaving three 
 hundred and more years ago and on their hand looms was first woven the coarse 
 homespun cloth of Hnen and wool. From these humble beginnings, however, have 
 grown the present mills, employing many hundreds of operatives. The town is 
 partly a manufacturing and partly an agricultural center and withal a market 
 town; its annals, although interesting, contain no events of national importance. 
 Messrs. Gurteen and Sons are the leading manufacturers of the Enghsh town, 
 employing in their textile plant more than half of the population of forty-five hun- 
 dred persons Hving there. The Town Hall was built in 1883 by the late Daniel 
 Gurteen to commemorate his golden wedding and it was in this hall that the gifts 
 sent to Haverhill, England, in September, 1890, were exhibited. Unfortunately 
 the early records of the town perished in the fire of 1665. 
 
 In 1881 Rev. F. T. Ingalls, a native of Haverhill, Massachusetts, visited the 
 Enghsh Haverhill and wrote a letter describing the place, which was pubUshed in 
 one of the newspapers of our city.
 
 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 85 
 
 From a photosrapk 
 
 Kindness John G. Moulton, Esq. 
 
 PARISH CHURCH, HAVERHILL, ENGLAND, 
 
 in which the original tablet, shown in another illustration, has been placed in memory of R^^'; J^^^ ^ard, 
 "ranSer offerjohn Ward, first minister of Haverhill, Massachusetts. Th.s picture is m the Haverh.U 
 Public Library, Haverhill, Massachusetts. 
 
 The Indian name for the site of our city was 'Tentucket" and when it was 
 settled in 1640 it was named HaverhiU in honour of its first mmister, Rev. John 
 Ward, mentioned above, who was bom in HaverhiU, England, in 1606 and who 
 was the son of Rev. Nathaniel Ward, first minister of our Ipswich. The home 
 of John Ward, afterwards owned by the Saltonstalls, and the first framed house 
 in the town (now a city), is still preserved on the exact spot on which it was orig- 
 inally built in the sixteen hundred and forties, on the grounds of the Haverhill 
 Historical Society. Over the mantel of the old house is a tablet which gives the 
 history of the house and of the Saltonstall family and which also commemorates 
 the fact that it was given to the Historical Society in memory of that family. In the 
 Historical Society is a painting of the memorial tablet to John Ward's grandfather 
 copied from the original in the Parish Church in Haverhill, England, the wordmg 
 being as follows: —
 
 86 
 
 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 From a photograph Kindness George Francis Dow, Est. 
 
 WITHERSFIELD ROAD, HAVERHILL, ENGLAND 
 
 John Warde after he with great evidence & 
 power of ye spirit & with much fruit preached 
 ye gospel at Haveril & Bury in Suff*^ 25 
 yeares was heere gathered to his fathers 
 Susan his widdowe married Richard Rogers 
 that worthie Pastor of Wethersfielde. He 
 left 3 sonnes Samuel Nathaniel John preachers 
 who for them & theirs wish no greater blessinge 
 than yt they may continue in beleeveing 
 and preaching the same Gospel till ye comming 
 of Christ Come Lord Jesus come quicklye 
 
 There is also a Haverhill in New Hampshire which took its name from Haver- 
 hill, Massachusetts, for the reason that the first white persons who permanently 
 occupied its territory came from that town about 1761.
 
 87 
 
 HULL, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 HULL, Massachusetts, was undoubtedly named for Hull, England. It will 
 be remembered that the passengers on the "Mary and John" were put 
 ashore here at Nantasket Point, her captain leaving the " Godly families 
 from Devonshire and Dorsetshire" to shift for themselves. Roger Clap later on 
 took some of his shipmates up the river to Watertown. Among the first permanent 
 settlers of our Hull was John Prince, an exile in Cromwell's day. 
 
 Hull, England, officially known as Kings ton-upon-Hull, is the third port of 
 the United Kingdom, and was founded by King Edward I in 1296. From 1598 
 to 1865 this seaport engaged in the whale fishery, and has the distinction of being 
 the first port to dispatch to the fishing grounds a steam-whaler, which was called 
 the Diana. 
 
 This city has several features of historical interest, mainly connected with 
 the struggle for civil and rehgious freedom in the seventeenth century. At the 
 opening of the contest between Charles I and his parliament the King failed in his 
 attempt to win over the city of York and, indeed, narrowly escaped capture. He 
 fled in haste to Hull, confidently expecting its gates to open to him and to have 
 there a base for further operations. A severe blow was dealt at the royalist cause 
 when the citizens stoutly refused entrance to him, closed the gates, and declared 
 for the Parliament. 
 
 James II, perhaps in revenge for his father's rebuff, took from the city its charter 
 and everything else he could lay his hands on, just as he did from London, when 
 the Lord Mayor of that City was so overcome that he fell upon his knees crying 
 cynically, "Will your Majesty please leave us the Thames? " This, like all James' 
 arbitrary acts, was reversed when William of Orange ascended the throne with 
 Queen Mary. 
 
 It is not as widely known as it should be how closely Hull was associated with 
 the Pilgrim Fathers. The earliest exiles for religious liberty were drawn from 
 Gainsborough and its neighborhood, little more than thirty miles from Hull. 
 Their immediate objective was Holland, for which country there were two possible 
 places of embarkation — Boston and the estuary of the Humber. In 1609 they 
 made the attempt by Boston, were betrayed by a ship's captain, arrested and cast 
 into prison. Being eventually Hberated, they repeated the venture the following 
 year, led by John Bradford, the future Governor, and Elder Brewster. This time 
 they were, at least, partially successful. Their leaders escaped from a creek op- 
 posite Hull and the rest followed later in separate groups, mostly from the same 
 estuary. 
 
 Amongst the most courageous and determined of the Pilgrims who twelve years 
 later sailed from Delf shaven were those who had come from the Gainsborough district. 
 
 From Hull sailed the Rev. Ezekiel Rogers, Rector of the nearby village of
 
 88 
 
 HULL, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 Photographed by Ttirner &* Drinkwater 
 
 Kindness Ian Forbes-Robertson, Esq. 
 
 HULL, ENGLAND, 
 
 showing Princes Dock. Hull is the third port of importance in the United Kingdom. 
 
 Rowley, who is described under our article on that place. Along with Rogers 
 sailed the greater portion of his congregation. William Penn also made Hull his 
 port of departure. 
 
 Andrew Marvell, patriot, wit and satirist as well as earnest Puritan, whose 
 statue now occupies an honoured place in the city, was the son of a Puritan clergy- 
 man of Hull. He became Latin Secretary to Cromwell, along with John Milton, 
 and represented Hull in Parliament from 1660 to the end of his life in 1678. 
 
 In still later days Hull was the birthplace and home of William Wilberforce, 
 whose name will ever be associated with the abolition of slavery in the British 
 dominions. His residence, once the home of a Puritan Mayor of the city, is still 
 preserved in its original state. It is now used as a museum and is full of deeply 
 interesting mementos both of the slave trade and the city's history. Wilberforce's 
 memorial — a lofty pillar on a massive pediment crowned with his statue — is in 
 the very heart of the city. 
 
 In prehistoric times the district embracing Hull was inhabited by a race of 
 Celts called "Dolicho-Cephaloid," these Greek words merely meaning "Long- 
 Heads," still a characteristic of Yorkshiremen. Then came the Brigantes, or high- 
 landers, named in Juvenal as the most numerous and important of the British 
 tribes, which were the last of the ancient Britons to submit to the Romans.
 
 HULL, MASSACHUSETTS 89 
 
 At a meeting held in Hull, England, recently, a fund, the equivalent of about 
 one hundred and fifty dollars, was raised for the erection of a monument at Killing- 
 holme to commemorate the spot whence most of the Pilgrims left for Holland. 
 
 IPSWICH, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 " I love to think of old Ipswich town, 
 
 Old Ipswich town in the East countree, 
 Whence, on the tide, you can float down 
 
 Through the long salt grass to the wailing sea, 
 Where the ' Mayflower ' drifted off the bar, 
 
 Sea-worn and weary, long years ago, 
 And dared not enter, but sailed away 
 Till she landed her boats in Plymouth Bay. 
 
 I love to think of old Ipswich town; 
 
 Where they shut up the witches until the day 
 When they should be roasted so thoroughly brown. 
 
 In Salem village, twelve miles away; 
 They've moved it off for a stable now; 
 
 But there are the holes where the stout jail stood, 
 And at night, they say, that over the holes 
 You can see the ghost of Goody Coles. 
 
 I love to think of old Ipswich town; 
 
 That house to your right, a rod or more, 
 Where the stern old elm trees seem to frown 
 
 If you peer too hard through the open door. 
 Sheltered the regicide judges three 
 
 When the royal sheriffs were after them, 
 And a queer old villager once I met. 
 Who says, in the cellar, they're Hving yet. 
 
 I love to think of old Ipswich town; 
 
 There's a graveyard up on the old High Street, 
 Where ten generations are looking down 
 
 On the one that is toihng at their feet; 
 Where the stones stand shoulder to shoulder, Hke troops 
 
 Drawn up to receive a cavalry charge. 
 And graves have been dug in graves, till the sod 
 Is the mould of good men gone to God." 
 (The above are some of the verses of a poem written by James Appleton Morgan, entitled "Ipswich 
 Town.") 
 
 THERE are probably few residents of Ipswich, Massachusetts, who are aware 
 of the fact that the clock now in the Chapel of the First Church, marked 
 "Moore, Ipswich," was a present sent by the English town from which Ips- 
 wich got its name. It was sent over, together with some photographs of old Ipswich, 
 by Sir Daniel Goddard of the Congregational Church of Ipswich, England, just
 
 90 
 
 IPSWICH, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 after the celebration of the two 
 hundred and fiftieth anniversary 
 of the incorporation of the Mas- 
 sachusetts town held in 1884, and 
 with it came a cable of congratu- 
 lations given below. Sir Daniel 
 Goddard, M.P., was a guest of 
 the town, and only a short time 
 ago Hon. William F. Paul, for- 
 merly Mayor of old Ipswich, sent 
 to the Historical Society of the 
 Massachusetts town several vol- 
 umes of illustrations of ancient 
 buildings of his town and an 
 elaborate portfolio containing a 
 copy of the proclamation of King 
 Edward VII. In return the new 
 Ipswich sent a history of the 
 town written by the late Rev. 
 Thomas Franklin Waters, A.M., 
 President of the Historical So- 
 ciety. On the anniversary of 
 the Massachusetts town, above 
 referred to, in 1884, a letter was 
 read from the Mayor of Ipswich, 
 England, part of which is as 
 follows : — 
 
 ' ' I regret it is not in my power to be 
 present at the celebration of the two 
 hundred and fiftieth anniversary of 
 the incorporation of the town of 
 Ipswich, Mass., as my mayoralty duties entirely prevent my being absent from home 
 for any long period during my year of office. I should have returned thanks for old 
 Ipswich among some of the descendants of those who emigrated from their native land 
 in order that they might have freedom to carry out their political and religious opinions, 
 which was denied them in England. . . . Wishing that your enterprising town may 
 increase and prosper, and ever be celebrated for its civil and religious Uberty. 
 
 Yours faithfully, 
 
 John May, Mayor of Ipswich, England. 
 To John Heard, Esq., of the Committee of Arrangements." 
 
 The following was the cable received from the Corporation of Ipswich, conveying 
 congratulations : — 
 
 Photographed by George G. Dexter, Ipswich, Massachusetts 
 Kindness Francis R. Appleton, Esq., Joseph I. Norton, Esq. and the late 
 
 T. Franklin Waters 
 
 CLOCK PRESENTED TO THE FIRST CHURCH 
 OF IPSWICH, MASSACHUSETTS, 
 
 by Sir Daniel Goddard of the Congregational Club of 
 Ipswich, England, in 1884.
 
 IPSWICH, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 91 
 
 From an old print 
 
 Owned by Allan Forbes 
 
 ST. MATTHEW'S GATE, IPSWICH, SUFFOLK, ENGLAND 
 
 "Aug. 15, 1884. 
 The Corporation of Ipswich, England, send their hearty congratulations to the Corpora- 
 tion of Ipswich, Mass., on the celebration of the two hundred and fiftieth anniversary of 
 their incorporation, and wish them continued prosperity. 
 
 Mayor of Ipswich, England." 
 
 This letter and cablegram were both read at the celebration, an answering cable 
 being sent as follows: — 
 
 "The town of Ipswich, celebrating its two hundred and fiftieth anniversary, sends thanks 
 to Mother Ipswich for her kindly greeting and best wishes for her continued prosperity." 
 
 The most recent visitor from the English Ipswich was Rev. John A. Patten, 
 minister of the Tacket Street Congregational Church, of which one of the congre- 
 gation is Arthur Goddard, son of Sir Daniel, who has always taken such a great 
 interest in the New England Ipswich. 
 
 The English Ipswich was a great coaching center and the Bull Inn, Whitechapel, 
 London, was one of the taverns at which the Ipswich coaches put up for the night. 
 It was from there that Mr. Pickwick set out, who quotes Tony Weller as saying 
 just before the coach left the courtyard, "Take care o' the archway, genTmen." 
 This Inn for a long time belonged to the Nelson family, which was a noted race of inn 
 and coach proprietors, and at one time was managed by Mrs. Ann Nelson upon the
 
 92 
 
 IPSWICH, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 Frnm a -phntn^raph by W. Do-unfs Kindness Ian Forbes-Robertson, Esq. 
 
 GREAT WHITE HORSE HOTEL, IPSWICH, ENGLAND, 
 of Pickwick fame. A model was sent to the Chicago Exposition. 
 
 death of her husband. In her coaching speculations she was usually associated with 
 a pastry cook who owned a Httle shop adjoining the gateway of the "Bull," and 
 who often complained of being interrupted in his work when a new hand on one of 
 the coaches sent the nose of one of his leaders through his shop window, the gate 
 being very narrow and Mrs. Nelson's coachmen not being very deliberate. This 
 woman coach proprietor was a martinet, and spared neither herself nor her servants, 
 up to her seventieth year being the last up at night and the first up in the morning. 
 Her team of "Ipswich Blues," as they were called, was famous even after an opposi- 
 tion coach was started. The proprietress insisted on rigid punctuahty, and if a 
 coachman brought one of her crack coaches into the yard five minutes late, he 
 received a severe reprimand; if he were ten minutes late, he was fined half a crown; 
 and if he were one-quarter of an hour late, he stood a good chance of being dis- 
 missed from service. Once when she was called into Court, the Chairman of the 
 Bench said to her, "I understand that you give your coachmen instructions to race 
 the rival coach." "Not exactly," she replied. "My orders to them are simply 
 that they are to get the road and keep it." Towards the year 1830, there was a 
 whisper of coming changes, and the coachmen and travelers talked in the stable-
 
 IPSWICH, MASSACHUSETTS -^ 93 
 
 yard and in the cozy rooms of the "Bull" of men with strange instruments encount- 
 ered along the road; "chaps with telescopes on three sticks and other chaps with 
 chains and things measuring the fields." The Eastern Counties Railway was 
 being projected to run from London to Colchester, Norwich and Yarmouth, and 
 the days of the coaches were to be no longer. 
 
 Ipswich is the front door of East Anglia, which means the eastern part of Eng- 
 land. It was here that Daniel Defoe, the author of "Robinson Crusoe," stayed 
 for a short time, mentioning that he found "very agreeable and improving com- 
 pany almost of every kind." Here is the Great White Horse Tavern where Pick- 
 wick accidentally encountered the elderly lady in the yellow curl-papers; his bed- 
 room No. 36 is still preserved, and although the Tavern has been much changed, 
 over the entrance still stands the "white painted stone statue of some rampageous 
 animal with flowing mane and tail, distantly resembhng an insane cart-horse." 
 Dickens does not give a very favorable description of this Tavern, for he stated 
 that 
 
 "the Great White Horse is famous in the neighborhood in the same degree as a prize ox, 
 or county paper-chronicled turnip or unwieldy pig — for its enormous size." 
 
 This amusing account of the place, however, made it all the more popular. King 
 George II visited this noted Tavern in 1736, as also did Louis XVIII, King of 
 France, as he passed through the town. It may be interesting to Americans to 
 know that a model of this building was exhibited at the Chicago World's Fair, 
 The greatest treasure, however, possessed by Ipswich is "The Ancient House," in 
 the Buttermarket, in which King Charles II sought refuge when he was flee- 
 ing from the Parhamentary Army. Cardinal Wolsey was born in Ipswich, and 
 connected with the town are the names of Clara Reeves; Gainsborough, the artist, 
 who Hved there for some time; also David Garrick, the actor, who made his debut 
 there in 1740. The Duke of Buckingham, known as the "Great Duke," visited 
 the town, which is really most attractive, but his account of it was not very inspir- 
 ing, for he wrote that it "was a town without inhabitants, a river without water, 
 streets without names, and where the asses wore boots." It used to be called 
 Gippeswiche from the river Gipping and "Wick" meaning creek or haven for ships. 
 Captain John Smith mentioned our Agawam as early as 16 14, stating that 
 Prince Charles changed its name to Southampton and this name actually appears 
 on Smith's map. The first real history of our Ipswich, called on the seal of the 
 town "Birthplace of American Independence," began in 1620 when we learn that 
 some of the Pilgrim colony, before settling here "urged greatly the going to Angoan, 
 Anguum or Angoum, meaning 'Agawam' a place twenty leagues off to the north- 
 ward which they heard to be an excellent harbour for ships, better ground and bet- 
 ter fishing." Of course, in respect to the harbour they were very much mistaken. 
 Ten years later a messenger was sent to Agawam with a message saying "a war-
 
 From a photograph by W. Dowries 
 
 Kindness Ian Forbes-Ru 
 
 THE ANCIENT HOUSE, IPSWICH, ENGLAND, 
 in which King Charles II sought refuge when he was fleeing from the ParUamentary Army. It is one of 
 
 the chief objects of interest in the town.
 
 IPSWICH, MASSACHUSETTS 95 
 
 rant shall be presently sent to Agawam for those planted there, to come away." 
 Three years later we learn that the Court of Assistance ordered that a plantation 
 be begun here as it was the best place in the land for tillage and cattle, lest an 
 enemy finding it should take possession from them. John Winthrop, Jr., was 
 instructed to undertake the settlement and it was suggested that twelve men 
 should go with him to assist him. In 1634, Rev. Nathaniel Ward, the son of John 
 Ward, of Ipswich, England, and his friends, came to the town and ordered the 
 name changed to Ipswich, after the town of the same name in England, in honour 
 of Ward and also "in acknowledgment of the great honour and kindness done to 
 our people who took shipping there." The Court believed that the town was large 
 enough to give up the Indian name. Another reason for the change in name was 
 the resemblance of the approach to our Ipswich to the territory near old Ipswich 
 on the river Orwell. 
 
 Nathaniel Ward bore one of the best known names in the early history of New 
 England, having been born in Haverhill, England, in 1570, where his father 
 had been a clergyman. It is interesting also to mention that he was granted six 
 hundred acres of land by the General Court in Haverhill in Massachusetts, then 
 called "Pentucket," where his son was later a minister. He wrote several books, 
 the best known being called "The Simple Cobler of Aggawam in America," which 
 was meant to be a lesson to the early colonists and to accompHsh his purpose he 
 chose to write about the cobbler, describing him as 
 
 "willing to mend his Native Country, lamentably tattoed, both in the upper leather and 
 sole, with all the honest stitches he can take." 
 
 Nathaniel Rogers, who was also born in Haverhill, England, was another promi- 
 nent person in the early history of our Ipswich. The Rogers family held a place 
 of great distinction both in this town and in the Colony, John Rogers, the son of 
 Rev. Nathaniel Rogers, becoming President of Harvard College while the grandson 
 of Rev. Nathaniel, also named John, was a minister at Ipswich. Therefore, grand- 
 father and grandson between them held the pastorate of the Ipswich Church for 
 seventy years. 
 
 The Ipswich Historical Society has erected tablets in a small triangle in the 
 South Common, in memory of Nathaniel Ward, Nathaniel Rogers and Richard 
 Saltonstall, another early settler, and two of the inscriptions on the south side of 
 the tablet, which stands in front of the South Church, read as follows: — 
 
 ON THE EAST SIDE OF THE COMMON 
 
 WAS THE HOUSE OF 
 
 REV. NATHANIEL WARD 
 
 1634 MINISTER OF IPSWICH 1 63 7 
 
 AUTHOR OF 
 
 "the SIMPLE COBLER OF AGGAWAM " 
 
 COMPILER OF 
 
 THE BODY OF LIBERTIES
 
 96 
 
 IPSWICH, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 Photographed by Gf 
 
 'S Francis R. Appleton, Esq., 
 and Joseph I. Norton, Esq. 
 
 TABLET ON THE SOUTH GREEN, IPSWICH, 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS, 
 
 placed there in memory of Ezekiel Cheever, first master of 
 the Grammar School; also as a memorial of Rev. Nathaniel 
 Ward's first house nearby, and also to commemorate the 
 early houses of Richard Saltonstall and Rev. Nathaniel 
 Rogers, both early settlers in this New England town. 
 
 THE RESIDENCE OF 
 
 RICHARD SALTONSTALL 
 
 WAS ON THE SOUTH SIDE OF THE COMMON 
 
 AND THAT OF 
 
 REV. NATHANIEL ROGERS 
 
 PASTOR OF IPSWICH CHURCH 
 
 1638-1655 
 
 WAS ON THE WEST SIDE 
 
 The oldest house in the town, 
 now known as the Burnham 
 House, was built in 1640 by 
 Thomas Hart of England, soon 
 after his arrival in this country. 
 Several of the old rooms are still 
 in their original condition and 
 afford much interest to the sight- 
 seer who stops here. 
 
 One of the streets of Ipswich 
 which leads from the town to 
 Castle Hill, the place originally 
 granted to John Winthrop, Jr., 
 now owned by Richard T. Crane 
 of Chicago, is called ''Argilla 
 Road," after the estate in Eng- 
 land owned by the Symonds 
 family which settled here. The 
 present High Street was once 
 called Pudding Street, the 
 origin of its name being told 
 in a legendary poem written 
 by J. K. F.:- 
 
 'I can remember very well 
 A tale the old folks used to tell, 
 Of how a street, well known to fame, 
 Received its somewhat curious name. 
 The oven, then, so long ago. 
 Was bailt outside the house, and so 
 While the good wife was getting dinner. 
 There came along a tramping sinner. 
 Who, having not the fear of man, 
 Opened the oven door and ran. 
 The pudding had so much of heat. 
 He quickly dropped it in the street.
 
 IPSWICH, MASSACHUSETTS 97 
 
 And fearing in that place to stay, 
 Kicked it before him on his way. 
 The pudding bag, so stout at first, 
 By violence at last was burst, 
 And ever since that wicked feat, 
 The thoroughfare is Pudding Street." 
 
 Another fact of interest to Americans and Britons alike is that the ancestors 
 of the late Joseph H. Choate lived in Ipswich, Massachusetts, a member of the 
 family still residing here near the town on Hog Island, often referred to as Choate 
 Island, which is also owned by Richard T. Crane of Chicago. 
 
 The town of Ipswich is responsible for the settlements of Chebacco, which when 
 incorporated was called Essex; and Hamilton, which was first called "The Hamlet." 
 
 LANCASTER, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 IN 1 9 13 the mother town of Lancaster sent the following message of good wishes 
 to her daughter on this side of the ocean: — 
 "TO 
 The Selectmen, Officials and Inhabitants of the Town of Lancaster, Mas- 
 sachusetts. 
 
 At a meeting of the Town Council of the Borough of Lancaster in the County of Lan- 
 caster England held on Wednesday the 24th day of September 1913 the following resolu- 
 tion was passed unanimously: — 
 
 'That the Mayor, Aldermen and Burgesses of the Borough of Lancaster in Council 
 assembled heartily reciprocated on behalf of the Burgesses and Inhabitants of this 
 County Town the greetings so well expressed in the resolution of the daughter Town 
 of Lancaster Massachusetts . . . and wish that all prosperity may in the future 
 attend the Selectmen, Officials and Inhabitants of that Town.' 
 
 The Common seal of the Corporation of 
 Lancaster England was hereunto affixed 
 in the presence of 
 C. F. Seward, Mayor.'" 
 
 Some authorities claim that Edward Breck was the earliest settler in this 
 Bay State town, but such is not the case, for this honour belongs to John Pres- 
 cott, who was not only the earliest settler here but was also the founder of 
 the town. Others interested in its early success were Thomas King, Harmon 
 Garrett of Charlestown, Thomas Skidmore of Cambridge and Stephen Daye, 
 who, it will be remembered, was the first printer in Cambridge. Prescott, how- 
 ever, was the only one to take up his residence here. They expressed the wish 
 that the town should be called "Prescott" in honour of John Prescott and later 
 suggested it might be named "West Town." The people of Lancaster have 
 remembered the founder of their towm by a slate tablet near his grave in Old 
 Burying Field which records in the words of the late Senator George F. Hoar: —
 
 98 
 
 LANCASTER, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 m i- 
 
 Photographed from a print Owned by Allan Forbes 
 
 SOUTH VIEW OF THE GATEWAY TOWER OF LANCASTER CASTLE, LANCASTER, 
 
 ENGLAND 
 
 The castle is the chief object of interest in Lancaster, being now used as a Jail. 
 
 Here 
 
 with his children about him lies 
 
 John Prescott 
 
 founder of Lancaster and first settler 
 
 of Worcester County 
 
 '. born at Standish, Lancashire, England 
 
 Died at Lancaster, Massachusetts, December, 1681. 
 
 Inspired by the love of liberty and the fear of God 
 
 this stout-hearted pioneer 
 
 forsaking the pleasant vales of England 
 
 took up his abode in the unbroken forest 
 
 and encountered wild beast and savage 
 
 to secure freedom 
 
 for himself and his posterity. 
 
 His faith and virtues 
 
 have been inherited by many descendants 
 
 who in every generation have well served the state 
 
 in war, in literature, at the bar, in the pulpit, in public life, 
 
 and in Christian homes.
 
 LANCASTER, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 99 
 
 This tablet was set in place in 
 time for the two hundred and 
 fiftieth anniversary of Lancaster's 
 incorporation, in 1903. In this 
 cemetery are also the graves of 
 Jonathan Fairbanks, formerly of 
 Dedham, and his wife, who was 
 Lydia Prescott, daughter of this 
 first settler, their marriage being 
 the first recorded within the limits 
 of Lancaster. One year after 
 the incorporation of the town 
 came Rev. Joseph Rowlandson, 
 then John Whiting, and later 
 on, in 1793, Rev. Nathaniel 
 Thayer, Edward Hamilton 
 Sears and George M. Bartol, 
 whose descendants have been 
 prominent citizens of Massa- 
 chusetts. 
 
 There is also a Lancaster in 
 New Hampshire. 
 
 Tradition says that the Eng- 
 Hsh Lancaster was once a Roman 
 station and later was used as a 
 fort by the Saxons. On a hill 
 in the town stands Lancaster 
 Church, and near its site Agri- 
 cola more than two thousand 
 years ago planned his second 
 year's campaign in Britain and from there also he directed the march of his Roman 
 legions. A thousand years later came Roger of Poictou, a Norman Baron, who 
 recognized the military importance of the town and erected there a great keep. 
 In later years the town for two centuries was the center of Norman chivalry; it 
 was there, too, that John of Gaunt held his Court, which in pomp rivaled that of 
 the King himself ; it was from there also that many edicts of great importance were 
 issued, and through its castle walls rode many a gallant herald carrying tidings of 
 peace or war. In fact few towns can claim a greater connection with royalty 
 than Lancaster. 
 
 The Scots attacked the fortress of Lancaster innumerable times, and in 13 14, 
 after the defeat of Edward II at Bannockburn, they burned the town and succeeded 
 
 PhiiVigraphed hy James Macdonald 
 
 PRESCOTT TABLET IN OLD BURYING-FIELD, 
 LANCASTER, MASSACHUSETTS, 
 
 in memory of John Prescott of Lancashire, England, founder 
 of the New England Lancaster, and first settler of Worcester 
 County.
 
 loo LANCASTER, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 in partially destroying the Castle. During the Wars of the Roses, it was alter- 
 nately occupied by both parties and there not infrequently monarchs took refuge. 
 At one period Court was held there,, parts of the Castle being used as a prison. It 
 was in 17 15 that the prisoners of the Castle, climbing to the parapets, watched and 
 cheered the Scottish Army as it captured the town. After a ceremony, during 
 which the Stuart Pretender was proclaimed King, the soldiers dispersed to seek 
 quarters, and a council was held that night to decide whether the prisoners at the 
 Castle should be released. It was decided to set free those on the Crown side. 
 On the following day the officers, after attending service at the Lancaster Church, 
 "dressed and trimed themselves up in their best cloathes for to drink a dish of tea 
 with the Ladys of this town." We are told that "the Ladys also here appeared 
 in their best riging, and had their tea tables richly furnished for to entertain their 
 new suitors." It is further related that the swains left the town very reluctantly, 
 as they did not wish to part with their new loves. The last hostile army to enter 
 Lancaster was that of Bonnie Prince Charlie, known as the Young Pretender, who 
 marched through the town on November 24, 1745. 
 
 LINCOLN, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 HISTORY tells us that the part of England between the Wash and the 
 river Humber, whence came the pioneers of our Lincoln, was wrested 
 from the Britons and occupied by the tribe of Angs, or Angles, from 
 which the word "England" is derived. "Lindum Coloniae" (or "Colonia") was 
 the name given to Lincoln by the Romans, who while possessing it surrounded the 
 place by strong walls and made it one of the chief seats of Roman power in that 
 section of the island. During the Saxon period it was the capital of Mercia and in 
 786 was subjected to assault by the Danes. Lincohi is one of the most important 
 cities in England, so important, in fact, that at one time it rivaled London, as 
 these lines show us: — 
 
 , "Lincoln was, London is, and York shall be, 
 
 The greatest city of the three." 
 
 It is situated on a hill, overlooking the lowlands of England's eastern coast, and 
 the high towers of the cathedral are most impressive. The river Witham flows by 
 the city on its way to Boston and at one time was noted for its fish, if we believe 
 the following fines written about the river: — 
 
 "Wytham eel and Ancum pike: 
 In all the world there is no syke" (such). 
 
 When Phillips Brooks visited Lincoln, England, he said, "Be proud of your City, 
 and show your pride of her by seeking to become worthy of her."
 
 LINCOLN, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 lOI 
 
 tr^iu ui. 0.. print O'lned oy AlLn Forbes 
 
 Formerly in the collection of J. II. Seer.i, Essex, England 
 
 LINCOLN, ENGLAND, FROM THE RIVER WITHAM 
 
 In 1896 a band of Pilgrims from the United States, headed by the Rev. Dr. 
 Dunning of our Boston, visited Lincoln, England (which claims John Robinson 
 as its own), and other towns associated with the Pilgrim Church, being particularly 
 impressed by the cathedral, which is the pride of Lincoln and which Ruskin claimed 
 was the most precious piece of architecture in the British Isles. Work on this 
 edifice was begun in 1075 by Bishop Remigius but was not completed until the 
 fourteenth century. The burial at Lincob of St. Hugh of Avalon, who was made 
 bishop in 1186, was attended by two kings and many other notables of that day. 
 It may be interesting to remind Americans that Tennyson, the poet, was born 
 near Lincoln and that a statue has been erected to his memory in the close of the 
 cathedral. It is also noteworthy that there is a Bunker Hill about a mile from the city. 
 
 Our Lincoln was not set apart as a town until 1754, when the Honourable 
 Chambers Russell, whose ancestors had come from Lincolnshire, England, persuaded 
 the legislature to call it Lincoln after the EngUsh city. Rev. William Lawrence, 
 the first minister, John Hoar, Edward Flint, Stephen Weston and Benjamin Brown 
 were very helpful to the Colony in the early days. Chambers Russell was honoured 
 by being allowed to choose the first pew in the church. 
 
 Edward Flint came over to Concord in 1636 with his family, and his will was 
 the first one recorded in Middlesex County records, Cambridge. The family place 
 on the Lexington road, we believe, has never gone out of the possession of a member
 
 I02 
 
 LINCOLN, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 From a photograph by S Smith, Lincoln, England Kindness Ian Forbes-Robertson, Esq. 
 
 A VIEW ON CASTLE HILL, LINCOLN, ENGLAND 
 
 of this family. Lincoln was often called in jest "Niptown" by the surrounding 
 communities, which claimed that it was made up by "nipping off" the best parts 
 of three or four other towns. 
 
 There are also places by the name of Lincoln in Maine, New Hampshire. 
 Rhode Island and Vermont. 
 
 LONDONDERRY, NEW HAMPSHIRE 
 
 jk T the one hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the founding of this New 
 
 /% Hampshire town, Rev. Dr. William McClure of Londonderry, Ireland, 
 
 Jl. a. was invited to attend the ceremony and the following reply was received 
 
 by R. C. Mack, Esq., Secretary of the Celebration Committee: — 
 
 "Londonderry, Ireland, June 3, 1869. 
 My dear Sir: — • 
 
 I have been from home some time, attending the meetings of the General Assemblies 
 in Edinburgh. This must be my apology for not writing to you sooner. However de- 
 hghtful it would be to be present at your one hundred and fiftieth anniversary, I must
 
 LONDONDERRY, NEW HAMPSHIRE 
 
 T03 
 
 From a print dated 1814 
 
 AN IRISH JAUNTING CAR 
 
 deny myself the pleasure. My occupations at home are so pressmg and numerous that I 
 cannot leave. The citizens of the parent Londonderry, in Ireland, will be greatly mterested 
 in your proceedings, and we trust everything will go on prosperously and well. 1 will be 
 very glad to have, either by letter or newspaper, an account of the ceremonies. 
 
 Very sincerely yours, 
 
 William McClure." 
 
 Invitations were also sent to the Mayor and Aldermen of Londonderry, Ireland. 
 
 In April, 17 19, sixteen Scotch-Irish families came over from the north of Ire- 
 land and they were followed within a short time by many others, their reason for 
 migrating to this country being to secure more religious liberty. It can, therefore, 
 be said that they played the same part in Ireland that the Puritans did in Eng- 
 land in relation to the new country. The newcomers spent their first winter in the 
 harbour near Portland, Maine, where they suffered great hardship, as their vessel 
 was frozen in the ice and it was difficult to procure supplies. When spring came, 
 however, they wandered to the territory called by them "Londonderry" from the 
 town of the same name in Ireland, so well known to them. The first thing they 
 did was to purchase from John Wheelwright the title to these lands that had been 
 purchased by his family from the Indians a long time before; it was in this way that 
 they became possessors of this territory which was at that time called "Nutfield,"
 
 t--*v
 
 LONDONDERRY, NEW HAMPSHIRE 105 
 
 on account of its many chestnut-trees. The name Londonderry was given in 1722. 
 The early days brought many hardships to these settlers. They were once at- 
 tacked by an armed party in the hope of dispossessing them by force from the 
 newly acquired property. At the time of this raid they were attending church 
 services and it is said that the gallant Londonderry clergyman threw off his coat 
 and offered to lead the attack should the enemy persist in trying to drive out the 
 congregation. It is also said that the first minister, Rev. Mr. MacGregor, always 
 carried his loaded gun into the pulpit and it is believed that this weapon is still 
 in the possession of one of the citizens of the nearby city of Manchester, New 
 Hampshire. 
 
 It may be interesting to give the names of some of the distinguished families 
 of our Londonderry. Among them were the Morrisons, MacGregors, McKeans, 
 Duncans, Greggs, Bells, Pattersons and Dinsmores. It is also worthy of men- 
 tion that the well-known Elias Hasket Derby, who was born in Salem in 1803, lived 
 for some time in this town. 
 
 Among the articles on exhibition at the time of the anniversary in 1869 were 
 plates brought over from Ireland in 1720 by some of the early emigrants, who soon 
 after leaving the Irish coast were captured by pirates. A daughter was born to 
 one of these emigrants on board the pirate vessel and these plates came into her 
 possession and at the time of the celebration belonged to one of her descendants. 
 There was also a powder-horn used at the siege of Derry, in Ireland, which was 
 brought over by Rev. Mr. MacGregor. These early emigrants are said to have 
 introduced the potato into New England in 17 19. The people of Londonderry are 
 also responsible for the settlement of a number of other towns in New Hampshire, 
 New York, Michigan and Nova Scotia. Londonderry in Vermont, formerly called 
 Kent, owes its name to the original settlers most of whom came from Londonderry, 
 New Hampshire, and it can, therefore, be said that the town owes its name, indi- 
 rectly, to the Irish city. 
 
 The ancient city of Londonderry, the capital of County Londonderry, Ireland, 
 is situated on the river Foyle, about ninety-five miles northwest of Belfast. It 
 was formerly called Derry, — a name derived from Doire, meaning the "place of 
 oaks." The city owes its origin to the monastery which was founded there by 
 Columba in 545. Like all towns of the British Isles, Derry suffered by the inroads 
 of the Danes and was burned more than once by these invaders, but they were 
 finally expelled by Murtagh O'Brian in the early part of the twelfth century. Its 
 chief historic interest, however, centers around the "siege of Derry" in 1690, when 
 the Irish Protestants successfully defended the town against the forces of James II. 
 George Walker, the rector of Donaghmore, who with Major Baker had been chosen 
 to govern the town, won lasting fame for himself by his bravery and hopefulness 
 during this siege, and the famous reply of "no surrender" which was made to the 
 enemy became the watchword of the men of Derry and has been accorded a place
 
 io6 LONDONDERRY, NEW HAMPSHIRE 
 
 of honour in the annals of history. When the plucky garrison had almost reached 
 its last extremity on the 30th of July, some ships broke through the obstruction 
 across the harbour and brought relief to the suffering town. King William, as a 
 recognition of the importance of the work of the inhabitants of "Old Londonderry" 
 in this memorable siege, caused an act to be passed whereby those who partici- 
 pated in the defense of the city, bearing arms, were thereafter to be exempt from 
 taxation throughout the British dominions. Some of the settlers of London- 
 derry, New Hampshire, were entitled to such exemption and availed themselves 
 of their right until the Revolution. On the Royal bastion from which the men of 
 Derry defied the enemy stands a tall column bearing a statue of Walker, in com- 
 memoration of the siege. The anniversary of the relief is still celebrated. 
 
 The ancient rampart, with its gates and bastions, which surrounds a section of 
 Londonderry, and a few ancient houses with high, pyramidal gables, give the town 
 an atmosphere of antiquity in spite of its numerous modern features. The indus- 
 tries carried on there include the manufacture of linen, shipbuilding, iron foun- 
 dries and fisheries. It is interesting to recall that the Cathedral, completed in 
 1633, was built by money subscribed from London. The town was a great port of 
 emigration to the United States in the days before the transatlantic steamers came 
 into operation, the emigrants sailing in "clippers" owned by Derry merchants. 
 
 LYNN, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 IT is interesting to notice that the first visitor to England, according to some 
 writers, from the territory that is now called Lynn, was probably Monto- 
 wampate, the Indian chieftain, who lived here peacefully for some time with 
 the new settlers, but, having been defrauded of twenty beaver skins by a trader 
 in England, he journeyed to London in 1631, armed with a letter from Governor 
 Winthrop to Emmanuel Downing of London. The redskin was received with 
 much respect and was given the money for his furs, but not liking the English bill 
 of fare, it is said that he returned to his native hunting ground to enjoy his clams 
 and succotash. The first settlement in the town, which was called "Saugus" or 
 "Saugust," was made nine years after the landing of the Pilgrims, and the first 
 five men to whom is given the honour of making the settlement are Edmund and 
 Francis Ingalls, William Dixey and John and William Wood. These pioneers were 
 with Captain John Endicott's colony, which came to Salem in 1628 and, as it has 
 been expressed, "strayed over" to Lynn the following year. They set out, we are 
 told, from Salem with leave to go "where we would" and having discovered "a 
 faire playne" lying between Salem and Charlestown, called Saugus, they took 
 "peaceable possession." The organized settlement did not take place, however, 
 until two years later. Edmund Ingalls came from Lincolnshire, England, in 1629, 
 and was drowned in 1648, when he and his horse fell through the old Saugus Bridge.
 
 LYNN, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 107 
 
 Some of the names connected with 
 the early history of Lynn were 
 Breed, Newhall, Mansfield, Burrill, 
 Hood, Alley, Lewis, Fuller, Baker, 
 Dexter and Bassett. In 1636, Rev. 
 Samuel Whiting, who has been 
 called the "Father of Lynn" and 
 the "Angel of Lynn," was installed 
 minister of the httle church at 
 Saugus. He was born in Boston, 
 England, and was the son of Sir 
 John Whiting, who was twice 
 Mayor of that town. Samuel's 
 brother, John, was Mayor of 
 Boston, England, in 1626, 1627, 
 1644 and 1645, that being the 
 only instance of any man having 
 been Mayor four times previous 
 to the Municipal Act of 1835. 
 Another brother, James, also was 
 Mayor of Boston, in 1640. Rev. 
 Mr. Whiting was Rector of St. 
 Margaret's Church, Lynn Regis, 
 and also of Skirbeck Church, 
 Boston, England, but on account 
 of his non-conformist tendencies 
 he decided to come to this country, 
 bringing with him his second wife, 
 who was a daughter of Oliver St. 
 John, Chief Justice of England at 
 one time, and a cousin of Oliver 
 Cromwell. In honour of this 
 preacher the name of the town 
 during the next year was changed 
 from Saugus to Lynn, by order of 
 the General Court, being recorded 
 in these words, "Saugust is called 
 Lin." Whiting on the voyage over 
 said, "I would much rather under- 
 go six weeks' imprisonment for 
 a good cause, than six weeks of 
 
 From a photograph Kindness Rev. William Appleton Lawrence, 
 
 John Albree, Esq., and Walter R. Il'hiting, Esq. 
 
 SHAFT OVER THE GRAVE OF REV. SAMUEL 
 WHITING, THE FIRST MINISTER OF LYNN, 
 MASSACHUSETTS, IN WEST LYNN CEMETERY, 
 
 LYNN, MASSACHUSEiTS 
 Rev. Samuel Whiting had been rector of St. Margaret's 
 Church, Lynn Regis, England, a picture of which is shown 
 in another illustration.
 
 io8 
 
 LYNN, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 Photographed by Amy E. Purdy, The Studio, King's Lynn Kindness L.n For.'-c-j-R.^. 
 
 ST. MARGARET'S CHURCH, LYNN REGIS, ENGLAND, 
 
 the church of which Rev. Samuel Whiting was Rector before coming to the New England Lynn, 
 from this church was sent, in 1880, to St. Stephen's Church, in Lynn, Massachusetts. 
 
 A stone 
 
 such terrible sea-sickness." He lies buried in the old Western Burying-ground, Lynn, 
 and a granite memorial shaft has been erected over his grave by Hon. William 
 Whiting of our Boston. There are many of his descendants in different parts of this 
 country. The Whiting family has been prominent in the history of old Boston and 
 the neighborhood not only for generations but for centuries, for in a document known 
 as the Subsidy Roll of Edward III (1333) occurs the name of William Whytynge. 
 There have been many interchanges between the two places, and it is evident 
 that the people of old Lynn were in sympathy with their kinsmen in the New 
 World from the very first, for in the records of St. Margaret's Church in 1653 is 
 the following entry: — 
 
 "Collected for the natives and distressed people of Newe England, and that from 
 house to house within the parrish, and paid unto Mr. Joshua Green, ald'n. the 20th of 
 Nov. 1653, £25: 13:00" 
 
 The comer-stone of the present St. Stephen's Memorial Church, formerly called 
 St. Stephen's Church, and still before that, Christ Church, was laid in the year 
 1880. Several years previously Rev. Louis De Cormis, the Rector of the Parish at
 
 LYNN, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 ; ' ' Kindness Rev. JVilliam Appleton Lawrence 
 
 '' ■''"''''' g^ STEPHEN'S CHURCH, LYNN, MASSACHUSETTS, 
 
 which has a stone sent from St. Margaret's Church, Lynn Regis, England. 
 
 that time, suggested that a block of stone from one of the churches in Lynn, Eng- 
 and might be sent and inserted in the wall of his church and suitably mscribed. 
 It warLrefore decided that Hon. Roland G. Usher, a former Mayor of our 
 Lynn shouM^^^^^^^^ a letter from Rev. Mr. De Cormis to the English Rector, con- 
 taining this suggestion. Part of this message read as follows:-^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^^^ 
 
 Oct. 29, 1879. 
 
 forefathers in the great Ensl-h Chur h T^^^^^^^ .. ^^^^ ^^^^^^^ ^„ ^, ,„d 
 
 ^collXl Srch^Sr^n/S asVurred ^^^-^:l:-^;:l:i:^C-^. 
 
 Lrdtr:x*:ptr„fn:rrpr^^^^^^ 
 
 and desirable thing to do."
 
 no 
 
 LYNN, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 Kindness Rev. William Appleton Lawrence 
 
 STONE SENT BY ST. MARGARET'S CHURCH, 
 KING'S LYNN, 
 
 of which Rev. Samuel Whiting, Lynn's first minister, was 
 rector before coming to New England. This relic is now 
 in St. Stephen's Church, Lynn, Massachusetts, having 
 been procured from the English Church in 1880 by Hon. 
 Roland G. Usher, and Rev. Louis De Cormis, once a 
 minister of this church in our Lynn. 
 
 A reply to this letter, dated 
 June 28, 1880, read as follows: — 
 
 ^^ Rev. and Dear Brother: 
 
 My thanks are due to you for 
 kindly introducing to me so pleasant 
 and friendly a man as the Honourable 
 R. G. Usher, and also for the kind 
 and brotherly greeting contained in 
 your letter. . . . Mr. Usher and I 
 have selected a stone for your inter- 
 esting purpose, from such fragments 
 as were available in our grand old 
 church. My only regret is that all the 
 pieces were so small. I hope, however, 
 that our inability to find a piece of 
 stone better adapted for your wishes 
 will not materially lessen the satisfac- 
 tion of yourself and your Church 
 people on the receipt of a relic which 
 it has been a real pleasure to me 
 to send. 
 
 John Durst, Rector of North Lynn 
 and Vicar of King's Lynn, England^' 
 
 The stone, quarried during the 
 eleventh century, was carefully 
 selected by the English Rector 
 and Mr. Usher from this building, 
 which is the old parish church, 
 and sent to this country where 
 it now occupies a place of honour 
 in St. Stephen's Memorial Church 
 in our Lynn, and makes a very 
 tangible link between the new 
 
 and the old Lynn. It forms a part of a window- jamb and bears the following 
 inscription on one side: — 
 
 ST. Margaret's church, lynn, England 
 
 TO 
 
 ST. Stephen's church, lynn, mass, u. s. a. 
 
 28TH JUNE, 1880 
 
 The other side was left untouched as it had been for years. An inscription is also cut 
 on a stone panel just below the shelf on which the stone is placed, as shown in the 
 illustration on this page. At the laying of the corner-stone, Mr. Usher said in part: — 
 
 "It comes as the expression of the interest and good will of the people of St. Mar- 
 garet's — as a hnk to connect our Lynn with old King's Lynn in England. ... we pray
 
 LYNN, MASSACHUSETTS m 
 
 that the record for the ages to come of St. Stephen's Memorial Church, may be for use- 
 fubiess and influence equal to that of St. Margaret's." 
 
 A formal resolution of thanks was adopted and sent across the water. A Centen- 
 nial Memorial of Lynn, Massachusetts, was also sent over about this time, by 
 Mr. Usher, to the Enghsh Lynn. 
 
 The good will between the two places had been manifested also during the 
 celebration of the two hundred and fiftieth anniversary of Lynn, Massachusetts, 
 held in June, 1879, at which time an invitation was sent by Mayor George D. 
 Sanderson to Mayor Thomas A. Seppings of Lynn Regis to be present. Although 
 unable to accept, the EngUsh Mayor replied most cordially, sending his congrat- 
 ulations and best wishes to our city. Another letter was received from Rev. 
 Edward J. Alvis, Vicar of East Winch and a native of old Lynn, who also sent an 
 interesting engraving of his town. Another resident of the English town, John 
 Coulton, sent a poem written by himself and dedicated to our Lynn, which was 
 read at the anniversary, the last stanza of which was: — 
 
 "For each a happy future is in store, 
 If wisdom's counsels shall unite the nations 
 Firmer in friendship for our feuds of yore — 
 Alone, unrivall'd in our lofty stations 
 Old England new in brighter destinies, 
 New England old in hallow'd memories." 
 
 Still another letter was received from Robert Brooks in which he said in part:^ 
 
 "Many of us when youths at school, scanning the map of the 'Young Giant' your 
 country, have had our eyes drawn to 'Norfolk' and to 'Lynn' in a far distant land,— the 
 names of our county and loved old town — we have wondered how it was, and at times with 
 anxiety have wished to learn something of your history. At last kindly words 'have 
 come across the sea.' You tell a tale of affection for one you were pleased to honour,— 
 'A beloved clergyman' who once claimed our home as his; in honouring him you honoured 
 us. We now, in no formal words, Thank you." 
 
 Another occasion of interest was the celebration by the Lynn Historical Society, 
 called "King's Lynn Night," which was observed a few years ago with appropriate 
 exercises, including lectures on historical subjects pertaining to the old Lynn, stere- 
 opticon views of the places of interest and a description of the town by some of the 
 citizens of new Lynn who had visited there. In the records of this society mention 
 is made of a Queen Victoria Medal which was presented to the organization in 
 1899 through Mayor Walter S. Ramsdell, having been sent from old Lynn accom- 
 panied by a letter from the Mayor. At this time it was also mentioned that St. 
 Stephen's Church had been sent some small organ pipes from St. Margaret's Church, 
 but as no inscriptions were placed upon them they cannot be identified. 
 
 The first offspring of our Lynn was Reading, which became a separate township 
 in 1644 and which is dealt with later on in this volume. Nahant was granted in 
 1622 by the Council in England to Captain Robert Gorges, who in turn gave part
 
 LYNN, MASSACHUSETTS 113 
 
 of the island and Saugus to John Oldham. Still later Nahant was purchased for 
 the price of a suit of clothes by Thomas Dexter, who was then a farmer and who 
 was one of the "ten men of Saugust" to found Sandwich in 1639. Even to this 
 day the seal of Nahant depicts Dexter offering his suit of clothes to the Indian 
 in exchange for the lands. In these early days and for many years there was a 
 fence across Lynn Neck to keep in the cows and sheep that were pastured in Na- 
 hant by the people of Lynn. It may be interesting also to record that in 1803 there 
 were only five houses in Nahant, the Johnson family owning one of these. It is 
 said that the wolf-pits of 1630 in the Lynn Woods are the oldest unchanged works 
 of man in the Colony. 
 
 The English town now called Lynn, on the river Ouse, was once named 
 Bishop's Lynn, but was later changed to Lynn Regis, or King's Lynn, during the 
 reign of Henry VIII. It is situated in the county of Norfolk and is especially 
 famous for its fine churches, its Custom House and its Guildhall; it also has an 
 excellent public Hbrary, the gift of Andrew Carnegie. Through the fourteenth 
 century the town was given over almost entirely to religious orders, and many 
 monasteries were built there, chiefly by the Franciscans, Augustinians and Domini- 
 cans, the best known of aU these scholarly monks being John Capgrave, who wrote 
 much poetry. Daniel Defoe visited the town in 1722 and described it as a "rich 
 and populous port- town." 
 
 Lynn rose rapidly from a marsh town to a seaport, still being an important port, 
 as expressed in the following fines: — 
 
 ' ' Rising was a sea-port town 
 When Lynn was but a marsh; 
 Now Lynn it is a sea-port 
 And Rising fares the worse." 
 
 The derivation of the name is from the Celtic "lyn," meaning a "lake," which 
 referred to the sea which covered a large part of the immediate district called 
 Marshland, now reclaimed. One of the chief events in the history of the borough 
 was the Siege of Lynn, which occurred in the time of the conffict between Charles I 
 and the Parfiamentary forces. The town, which sided with the Royafist cause, 
 was fortified and awaited the attack by the Earl of Manchester. While divine 
 worship was being held one day a cannon ball was sent through the church, 
 scattering the congregation. This did not daunt them, however, for they 
 said, "As soon might the Earl of Manchester raise his good father from the 
 dead as force his entrance into Lynn." No help, however, came to the men 
 who held the town and they were finally forced to surrender to the Parfia- 
 mentary troops. 
 
 It is told that OHver Cromwell, when a child, f eU into the Ouse and was pulled out 
 by a Royafist parson who was fishing nearby. Years later when Oliver the Protector 
 revisited the scenes of his youth with his triumphant army, he met his rescuer and
 
 114 LYNN, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 asked him if he remembered the occurrence. "Truly do I," was the prompt reply, 
 "and the Lord forgive me but I wish I'd let thee drown." 
 
 Lynn's church was founded by Herbert de Losinga, the first Norman bishop 
 of East Anglia, and is famous for two fine sepulchral brasses, one of which shows 
 a wonderful feast, among the delicacies on the table being a peacock "that noble 
 bird, the food of lovers and the meat of Lords." An attendant is shown bringing 
 in the peacock, and one of the guests is depicted in the act of straddhng the table 
 in his desire to obtain possession of it, while his neighbors remonstrate with him 
 on his bad manners. The famous navigator George Vancouver, for whom Van- 
 couver Island was named, was born in the English Lynn. 
 
 Some one who visited the town remarked, "There's a bit o' life sometimes 
 there," explaining further that he liked it very much as compared to the quiet coun- 
 try, which he said was like "living in a teapot and 'peekin' at the world through 
 the spout." 
 
 Among the important people of our Lynn should be mentioned Joseph Rednap, 
 the cooper, who established his business here in 1634; Francis Ingalls, who estab- 
 lished in the town the first tannery; Philip Kertland, a shoemaker, John Adam 
 Dagyr, who was called the "celebrated shoemaker of Essex," and who added a new 
 chapter to the shoe industry by introducing the more skillful French method of 
 making shoes, making footwear, it is said, for the brides of Boston. In these early 
 days shoemaking was carried on in the homes. To the town also came from London 
 William Rose, who understood the art of manufacturing morocco and who, it is 
 claimed, was the first to set up this business in the town. 
 
 The dies for the Pine Tree shillings were made at the Saugus Iron Works by 
 Esther Jenkes, the wife of the Superintendent. These works were estabHshed 
 in 1642 near the present site of Pranker's Mills and they laid the foundation for the 
 iron industry of the United States. The first Superintendent was Joseph Jenkes, 
 who on May 14, 1646, received, for a water wheel which he designed, the first patent 
 granted on the continent of North America. Jenkes was also the inventor of the 
 American scythe. In the Public Library of Lynn is exhibited an iron kettle which 
 is supposed to represent the first iron casting made in the New World. 
 
 In the early days the preachers frequently timed their sermons with an hour 
 glass and on one occasion a minister is said to have remarked, "I know you are good 
 fellows; stay and take another glass."
 
 IIS 
 
 MALDEN, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 WE believe we can do no better than reproduce a letter written by Hon. 
 Charles L. Dean, Mayor of Maiden, Massachusetts, to His Worship 
 Edward A. Fitch, Mayor of Maldon, Essex, England, in reply to one 
 received from Mr. Fitch on the occasion of the two hundred and fiftieth anniversary 
 of the incorporation of our Maiden. With this letter from the English official 
 came a short accoimt of his old borough, with a request for information in regard 
 to our Maiden. This letter runs as follows: — - 
 
 "Malden, IMass. May 13, 1899. 
 Dear Sir; — 
 
 Your valued communication of April 22nd duly received, also a copy of your book 
 entitled Maldon and the Blackwater. I appreciate your kindness and am grateful for 
 the trouble you have taken. I regret that you will not be able to be with us on our birth- 
 day, but you may be assured that the people of Maiden in New England will not forget 
 the old mother on the Blackwater at that time. 
 
 Our historian has given me the following items of information in regard to the old 
 settlers and I hope that you may be able to trace some of them as coming directly from 
 your borough. 
 
 A leader in the settlement of our town was Joseph Hills, who was married at Burstead 
 Magna, Billericay, in 1624. He was of your parish of All Saints in 1631, and the births 
 of his children are recorded there. In 1638 he came to New England with others. His 
 son-in-law, John Wayte, who was a leading man here, was from Wethersfield, Essex. 
 Another of our early settlers, Richard Pratt, is said to have been a son of John Pratt of 
 your borough, where he was baptized in 161 5. The authority for this statement is not 
 known. Salmon, History of Essex, 424, says that John Pratt, an alderman of Maldon, 
 was buried in All Saints in 1619. Thomas Ruck, an early landholder but not a settler, 
 is said to have come from Maldon. 
 
 It may interest you to know that out of the httle settlement of 1649, which was named 
 Maldon (now changed to Maiden) have grown three cities with an aggregate population 
 of about seventy thousand people. 
 
 Again expressing our regret that you will not be able to be present at our anniversary 
 exercises, I am, with kind regards, 
 
 Very truly yours, 
 
 Charles L. Dean, Mayors 
 
 The territory now included in Maiden, Everett and Melrose originally belonged to 
 Charlestown and in 1634 it was known as "Mystic Side." The settlement of 
 Maiden was actually made in 1640, but the town was not incorporated until 1649, 
 when the following record appears: "In answer to the peticon of seull inhabitants 
 of Misticke side their request is graunted, viz, to be a distinct towne of themselves 
 & the name thereof to be Maulden." The name has been spelled Maldon, Mauldon, 
 Maulden and Maiden. The town became a city in 1882. The first minister of 
 the settlement was Marmaduke Matthews, who came from South Wales. 
 
 At the two hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the incorporation of the town, 
 St. Paul's Church exhibited a number of seals of England, and a sermon was at
 
 MALDEN, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 117 
 
 Photographed by Hazeltine Frost, Glendale Studio, Maldon Kindness Ian Forbes-Robertson, Esq. 
 
 ALL SAINTS CHURCH, MALDON, ESSEX, ENGLAND 
 
 In the graveyard of this church Ue the remains of La^Yrence Washington, the great-grandfather of George 
 
 Washington, and his burial record is in the register of the church. 
 
 that time preached by Rev. WilUam Cunningham, Vicar of Great St. Mary's Church, 
 Cambridge, England. 
 
 Maldon, England, is in Essex County, about thirty-eight miles from London. 
 It is said that once it had the distinction of being the real Camulodunum where 
 King Arthur held his court, about which cluster the hnest tales of chivalry ever 
 recorded. While Maldon does not insist on this ancient claim, it can stiU boast of 
 bemg the oldest chartered city in the county of Essex. In the Saxon Chronicle 
 there are two references to Maldon. In 913 King Edward the Elder, while fighting 
 the Danes, encamped there with his forces, during the construction of a fortress, 
 and there he fought a great battle, driving the enemy out of the to^^^l and slaying 
 them by the thousands. In 920 Edward rebuilt :Maldon and raised and garrisoned 
 
 a castle there. 
 
 The death of a Saxon hero during this early conflict brought forth one of the 
 gems of old Enghsh poetry,-" Brihtnoth's Death,"-that, even though imperfectly 
 preserved dramatically relates the story of the Battle of Maldon. Many times did
 
 ii8 MALDEN, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 the Northmen invade the East Anglian shores, but after centuries under the con- 
 flicting rule of four nations, Maldon passed through a period of peace sufficiently 
 extended to enable the people to build churches. Before the Norman Conquest 
 beautiful St. Mary's was erected, the tower of which fell in the seventeenth century, 
 being rebuilt at the time of the emigration of the men who carried the name of 
 Maldon into New England. 
 
 Though a borough at the time of the Conquest, it is thought that the town's 
 corporate existence must have begun under Saxon rule. The first recorded charter 
 was granted in 1154 by Henry II. "Bloody Mary" gave a second charter in 1553 
 and in 1810 the present charter was granted. 
 
 The three lions depicted on the shield of the old borough appear in the town 
 and city seal of Maiden, Massachusetts. American travelers through Essex County, 
 England, invariably visit the old churchyard of All Saints, Maldon, where rest the 
 remains of George Washington's great-grandfather, Lawrence Washington, who 
 held the living of Purleigh. His burial record is also in the register of All Saints, 
 Maldon. 
 
 MANCHESTER, NEW HAMPSHIRE 
 
 THE one hundredth anniversary celebration of the naming of the city of 
 Manchester, New Hampshire, was held in 1910, and on this occasion the 
 Lord Mayor of Manchester, England, sent the following letter to Isaac 
 Huse, Esq., President of the Manchester Historic Association: — 
 
 ^^ My dear Sir: — 
 
 Your interesting letter of the i8th May, informing me that one hundred years ago 
 your town adopted the name of Manchester in the hope that it would attain a position of 
 importance in manufactures and population, has given me great pleasure and I trust that 
 your Centenary proceedings will prove a great success. 
 
 Your expressions of goodwill towards us are much appreciated and reciprocated. 
 
 I am, yours faithfully 
 ^ Charles Behrens, 
 
 Lord Mayor.'' 
 
 The City Library in Manchester, New Hampshire, has exchanged reports and letters 
 with the library in Manchester, England, and also contains about three hundred 
 books, pamphlets, reports and histories relating to the antiquities of the English 
 city and a description of the cotton industry for which that place is famous. Most 
 of this collection came originally from the library of the late G. H. Adshead, Esq., 
 of Manchester, England, being purchased from his nephew, Hon. John Hyde of 
 Washington, D.C. At the time of the semi-centennial celebration in 1896 Charles 
 K. Walker, superintendent of the City Water Works, procured a photograph of
 
 MANCHESTER, NEW HAMPSHIRE 
 
 119 
 
 Photographed by Fred T. Irwin 
 
 Kindness Miss F. Mabel JVinchell 
 
 CITY HALL, MANCHESTER, ENGLAND, 
 
 from a picture in the office of the Water Works of Manchester, New Hampshire, procured by Charles K. 
 Walker, Manager of that Department at the time of the semi-centennial of the city. 
 
 the City Hall of Manchester, England, which together with a photograph of the 
 City Hall of Manchester, New Hampshire, may now be seen in the office of the 
 Manchester Water Works Department. 
 
 The early history of this important New England city is of great interest: — 
 On June 13, 1810, John Langdon, Governor of New Hampshire, affixed his seal 
 to a bill by which the name of the town of Derryheld was changed to Manchester, 
 the exact phraseology of the essential part of the bill being as follows: — 
 
 "Be it Enacted by the Senate and House or Representatives in General Court 
 convened: 
 That said town of Derryfield shall forever hereafter be called and known by the name 
 of Manchester, any law, usage or custom to the contrary notwithstanding." 
 
 The reason for this form of expression may perhaps be found in the fact that the 
 place now designated as Manchester had already borne several different names. 
 There is a tradition that the territory was originally called by the Indians Kas- 
 kaashadi, "the place of broken water," referring to the falls of Amoskeag. If this 
 was the case this name must have given way to Namaoskeag, meaning "a great 
 place for fish." The white settlers in this locality called it Nutfield, or the Chestnut
 
 I20 
 
 MANCHESTER, NEW HAMPSHIRE 
 
 From 
 
 The Centennial Celebration of Manchester, N.H." 
 
 OLD DERRYFIELD MEETING 
 
 HOUSE 
 
 Manchester, New Hampshire, was at one time called Derryfield because the people of Derry used to 
 
 pasture their cows there. 
 
 Country, on account of the abundance of chestnut trees, Tyng's Township being 
 another name, meaning the land granted to Tyng and his men. Still later it was 
 called by the derisive name of Harrytown, a shortened form of "Old Harry's 
 Town," and in 1751 it was called Derryfield, because the people of the nearby 
 town of Derry were accustomed to pasture their cows there. These names did 
 not all apply to precisely the same district, nevertheless they were all, excepting 
 possibly the first, applied at some time to the whole or a part of the territory which 
 in 18 10 by act of legislature acquired the name of Manchester. The early settlers 
 were either the families of the Scotch-Irish, who had come to this part of New 
 Hampshire in 17 19, or the descendants of the English Puritans. 
 
 The name of Manchester was given to the town as a compliment to Judge 
 Samuel Blodget, who had built a home for himself near Amoskeag Falls in 1793 
 and who became the pioneer of internal improvements in New Hampshire. He 
 was the first to realize the value of the water power at Amoskeag and for its devel- 
 opment he worked incessantly, finally achieving his triumph in 1807, when he rode 
 through the canal amid the applause and praise of the people who had gathered on 
 the banks to witness the event. On the occasion of a visit to England in 1787 he 
 prophesied that his home town would some time surpass old Manchester as a man-
 
 MANCHESTER, NEW HAMPSHIRE 
 
 121 
 
 From an old print o-.cned by Allan Forbes 
 
 Formerly m the eolleetion of J. H. Seers, Essex, England 
 
 MANCHESTER, ENGLAND 
 
 ufacturing center but at the time that Manchester received its name there was Httle 
 to indicate that Judge Blodget's prophecy would ever in any measure be fulfilled. 
 In an address delivered at the centennial celebration of the naming of Manchester 
 it was said that in the year 1810 there seemed to be but two facts that made the 
 place in any way notable; one was the existence of the Amoskeag Falls with their 
 fisheries and possibilities while the other was that the town was the home of Major 
 General John Stark, the Revolutionary hero, who was then passing a peaceful old 
 age on his estate near the Falls. 
 
 In 1 8 14 the navigation of the Merrimack was fully opened and the river became 
 a considerable water highway whose traffic continued for some years after the 
 opening of the Concord railroad in 1842. The manufacture of cloth near the 
 Amoskeag Falls was begun before Manchester was so named and, in the year of 
 its naming, a company was formed known as the Amoskeag Cotton and Wool 
 Factory. This company, however, had httle capital or machinery and its output 
 was small. In the year 183 1 the present Amoskeag Manufacturing Company was 
 chartered with a capital of a million dollars, a large sum for that time, and Samuel 
 Blodget's dreams of the future began in some degree to be realized. The new 
 company was organized "for the purpose of taking over the old company, devel- 
 oping water power, acquiring and selling land, selHng sites and power to other man- 
 ufacturing concerns, building and operating mills of its own and so bringing about 
 the growth of a flourishing manufacturing town worthy the name it had been
 
 122 MANCHESTER, NEW HAMPSHIRE 
 
 given." Other prominent companies here are the International Cotton Mills, the 
 largest producers of cotton duck in this country, and the W. H. McElwain Com- 
 pany, makers of shoes. In connection with all these industries it has been humor- 
 ously remarked that if one of the old Indian chieftains should come down the Mer- 
 rimack in his canoe in quest of clothing, he could obtain a complete outfit of apparel 
 made in Manchester and could even put the finishing touch to his modern equipment 
 by placing between his lips a Manchester-made cigar. 
 
 It is an interesting fact that Manchester, England, obtained a city charter 
 only eight years earlier than Manchester, New Hampshire, and that the English 
 town did not receive the title of city until its namesake had enjoyed that honour 
 for seven years. Old Manchester, however, had had a long history before it could 
 be called a city. On the banks of the river now known as the Irwell in that part 
 of England called Lancashire the ancient Romans had a camp, or"castrum," 
 named Mancunium. The Saxon records show that about the year 923 King 
 Edward sent a number of his Mercian troops to repair and garrison the fortress of 
 Manig-ceaster. The place was mentioned in the Domesday Book as one of four 
 in southeast Lancashire. It is known that woolen manufacture was carried on 
 there in the thirteenth century and in 1552, in the reign of Edward VI, laws were 
 passed by Parliament regulating the length of Manchester cotton, which, notwith- 
 standing the name, was probably woolen. In 1650 the cloth manufactures of Man- 
 chester ranked among the first in England in extent and importance, and its people 
 were described as "the most industrious in the northern part of the kingdom." 
 The inadequate supply of cotton goods about the middle of the eighteenth century 
 stimulated efforts for increasing the means of production and the machines succes- 
 sively invented by Arkwright, Hargreaves and others furnished this means; the 
 efficiency of these machines was greatly increased by the perfection of Watt's 
 steam-engine. The English city has long been known as the center of English 
 cotton manufacture and, if the entire population of the urban district were in- 
 cluded, greater Manchester would probably rival London in the number of its 
 inhabitants. To such a Manchester, it may well be believed, there is "none like 
 nor second." 
 
 In 1783 the English Manchester, with Salford on the other side of the river, 
 had a population of 39,000 mainly given over to the manufacture of cloth, and it 
 may, therefore, be interesting to note that the late Hon. Edwin F. Jones found in 
 this fact a literal fulfillment of Samuel Blodget's prophecy. "Our Manchester," 
 said he, speaking in 1910, "is the Manchester of America! and it is today larger 
 and more prosperous than was the original Manchester when Judge Blodget 
 returned from England in 1787." 
 
 The early emigration to the American colonies from Manchester and the dis- 
 tricts nearby was very small, the names of Henry Dunster, Samuel Gorton, Oba- 
 diah Holmes and the ancestors of the Sewell and Dana families being the only ones
 
 MANCHESTER, NEW HAMPSHIRE 123 
 
 we are able to trace to New England. Some of the Saltonstall family are well 
 known in the English Manchester, several having died at Holme Hall. 
 
 Manchester, Massachusetts, was named perhaps for Manchester, England, but 
 more probably for the Earl of Manchester who had an official connection with the 
 colonies. We are sure, however, that those who settled in the Massachusetts town 
 came from the eastern counties of England. 
 
 There are also places by the name of Manchester in Connecticut, Maine and 
 Vermont. 
 
 MEDFORD, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 MEDFORD, one of the earUest permanent settlements of the Massachusetts 
 Bay Colony, unlike all others, was the proprietary of the "Governour" 
 of the colonizing company and to Matthew Cradock the large city of 
 today owes its name. Those early explorers. Captain John Smith and Bartholo- 
 mew Gosnold, may have seen or looked from its hills, but the first recorded visit 
 of white men was by an exploring party from Plymouth in September of the year 
 1621, consisting of "Standish the stalwart, with eight of his valorous army, led by 
 their Indian guide ..." as expressed by Longfellow. They encountered some 
 redskins and with inducements of trade and promises to come again they returned 
 to Plymouth. It was, however, left to others to become Medford's first settlers, 
 nearly seven years later, the company comprising fishermen, farmers and mechan- 
 ics in the employ of Matthew Cradock, a wealthy merchant, who, besides his asso- 
 ciated interests in the "London Company of Massachusetts Bay," ventured to a 
 certain extent on his own account. These Englishmen coming to Salem in the 
 migration of 1628, or earlier, soon found their way to the Mistick Valley and made 
 a permanent settlement "four miles along the river." Title to this territory was 
 later confirmed to Cradock by the General Court, thereby making it his proprie- 
 tary. It was then known by the various names of "Mr. Cradock's Farm," 
 "Mistick" and "Medford." It was also styled a "plantation," but was never 
 called a town until a half-century had passed. Cradock has been called "the 
 Father of our Medford," although curiously enough he never came overseas, his 
 business here being conducted by agents. He was the first president of the trading 
 company chartered by King Charles I, his official title being "Governour." He 
 suggested the transfer of the Colony's government to these shores but resigned his 
 important office to Winthrop, who brought the charter with him, and coincident 
 with this charter are our present titles of Governor and General Court. Cradock 
 had a country seat at a httle hamlet in Staffordshire, England, called Medford, the 
 EngKsh name having been spelled at different times Medford, Metford, Mepford, 
 Mefford and, at the present time, Meaford. It is considered by careful historians 
 that he gave the name of his English possession to this new venture in the Bay
 
 124 
 
 MEDFORD, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 From a picture published by T. G. Adie b" Co. Kindness Ian Forbes-Robertson, Esq. 
 
 MEAFORD, STAFFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND 
 
 Medford, Massachusetts, was named for this small English hamlet which was the country-seat of Matthew 
 Cradock, " Governour of the London Company of Massachusetts Bay." Though he never came to New 
 England, he was founder of our Medford and until his death was its sole proprietor. 
 
 Colony and that his agent gave it to the General Court, the clerk of which spelled 
 it Meadford; thus it appears in the earliest records of the town at the time of its 
 incorporation half a century later. It is also spelled in this way by Dudley in his 
 letter to the Countess of Lincoln, from which shire, as well as from Suffolk and Essex, 
 came these early Medford settlers. Cradock's business interests were none too 
 well managed by his agents, although at first they were considerable, as seen in 
 Wood's "New England Prospect:" — 
 
 "Mistic . . . is seated by the water-side very pleasantly; there are not many houses 
 as yet. . . . On the east side is Mr. Cradock's plantation where he hath impaled a 
 park where he keeps his cattle till he can store it with deer. Here, likewise, he is at charges 
 of building ships. The last year one was upon the stocks of an hundred tons; that being 
 finished they are to build one twice her burthen." 
 
 After Cradock's death, his great farm passed into various ownerships. Several 
 sons of Thomas Brooks settled here, one branch of the family still remaining in 
 possession of the ancestral acres over which Standish marched and where died 
 Nanepashemit, the Indian king. Other descendants were John Brooks, seven 
 years Governor of Massachusetts, Peter Chardon Brooks, and Rev. Charles Brooks, 
 the first historian of Medford. 
 
 "Mistick" was the EngHshman's way of pronouncing the name of the river
 
 MEDFORD, MASSACHUSETTS ' 125 
 
 which the Indians called "Missi-tuk," meaning ''the great tidal river;" Mystic it 
 is still called, but there is nothing mystical or mysterious about it. This river, 
 often called Medford River, was a highway of trade, and on its banks, between 
 1802 and 1873, were built five hundred and sixty-seven vessels,— all in Medford, — 
 a remarkable record. The names of some of the people who have contributed to 
 make this industry so famous are Magoun, Turner, Lapham, Hastings, Sprague, 
 James, Fuller, Rogers, Stetson, Waterman, Ewell, Curtis, Foster and Taylor. One 
 of the first ships launched in this country was the well-known "Blessing of the 
 Bay" which was built in 1631 at "Ten Hills Farm," the property of Governor 
 Winthrop, part of which was within the present Kmits of Medford. Of " Medford," 
 the first recorded mention was in September, 1630, when a tax of three pounds was 
 levied for military instruction. 
 
 Fifteen other Medfords in as many States, all more or less traceable to ours, 
 bear the name of that little hamlet on the river Trent in Staffordshire, in old Eng- 
 land, the country home of Governor Matthew Cradock. 
 
 NEWBURY, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 "They came, so simply the quaint records tell, 
 ' From England's stately homes ' they loved full well, 
 'For conscience and religion's sake,' to dwell 
 'Amid this wilderness,' by God's good grace, 
 To rear in Quascacunquen, Newbury's race. 
 This goodly land, sea-fronting levels wide, 
 Their earnest gaze espied. 
 Ripe for the planting of a continent." 
 
 THE above is an extract from an ode written by Mrs. Louisa P. Hopkins on 
 the occasion of the two hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the founding of 
 Newbury, Massachusetts. It is not strictly correct to state that these 
 Newbury settlers came to this country for "religion's sake," for they came really 
 for farming and stock-raising. Many of them did not separate from the Church 
 of England before sailing and some of their grandchildren even returned to this 
 form of worship and built Queen Anne's Chapel in 171 1, stating that they were 
 of "the pure Episcopal Church of England." At this same anniversary celebra- 
 tion Dr. Samuel C. Bartlett in his address called attention to the words of Judge 
 Samuel Sewall, who was born a few years after the settlement of our Newbury. 
 These words were later changed into verse by John Greenleaf Whittier and were 
 published in the history of the town issued by the Towle Manufacturing Com- 
 pany. We quote the first part: — 
 
 "As long as Plum Island, to guard the coast 
 As God appointed, shall keep its post; 
 As long as the salmon shall haunt the deep 
 Of Merrimac River, or sturgeon leap;
 
 126 NEWBURY, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 As long as pickerel, swift and slim 
 
 Or red-backed perch, in Crane Pond swim; 
 
 As long as the annual sea-fowl know 
 
 Their time to come and their time to go; 
 
 As long as cattle shall roam at will 
 
 The green, grass meadows of Turkey Hill; 
 
 As long as sheep shall look from the side 
 
 Of Oldtown Hill on marshes wide, 
 
 And Parker River and salt-sea tide; 
 
 As long as a wandering pigeon shall search 
 
 The fields below from his white-oak perch, 
 
 When the barley harvest is ripe and shorn, 
 
 And the dry husks fall from the standing corn; 
 
 As long as Nature shall not grow old, 
 
 Nor drop her work from her doting hold. 
 
 And her care for the Indian corn forget. 
 
 And the yellow rows in pairs to set; — 
 
 So long shall Christians here be born. 
 
 Grow up and ripen as God's sweet corn!" 
 
 This prediction of the prosperity of our Newbury has materialized, for from this 
 early settlement also started West Newbury, the city of Newburyport and other 
 nearby towns. 
 
 The people of Newbury have long taken a great interest in their mother town 
 in England and just previous to the two hundred and fiftieth anniversary, on mo- 
 tion of Mayor Benjamin Perley Poore, the Committee on Literary Exercises was 
 empowered to invite the Municipal Authorities and other delegates from Newbury, 
 England, to participate in the celebration. The following answer was received: — 
 
 "Borough of Newbury, Berks. 
 
 To wit: 
 
 At a meeting of the Mayor and Corporation of the said Borough held at the Council 
 Chamber of and in the said Borough on Tuesday the thirteenth day of January, one 
 thousand eight hundred and eighty five, it was unanimously Resolved — That this council 
 desires to express to the Mayor and Citizens of the Town of Newburyport, Massachu- 
 setts, in the United States of America, its hearty congratulations in the approaching 
 celebration of the two hundred and fiftieth Anniversary of its Incorporation, recognizing 
 its Municipality as in some sort the offspring of this Ancient Borough, the past history 
 of which is so largely interwoven with that of the Parent Country. That they desire to 
 greet with hearty goodwill and sympathy the Municipality of Newburyport, and to rejoice 
 with them on the remarkable progress and prosperity which, by the blessing of Providence, 
 and the efforts of those enterprising men who in the Seventeenth Century left their native 
 land to found a new home in the Western Continent, has attended their Corporate exist- 
 ence for so long a period. That it is peculiarly gratifying to the Corporate Body and to 
 the Inhabitants of this Borough to know that a former Minister of this Town — the Rev'd. 
 Thomas Parker, was one of the original Settlers at Newburyport, in the year 1634; and 
 that the name of a Rector of this Parish — the Rev'd. Benjamin Woodbridge, occupies the 
 first place on the List of Graduates of Harvard University, and very sincerely do they 
 trust that the town of Newburyport may continue to flourish and contribute many illus- 
 trious names to the Roll of American Worthies.
 
 NEWBURY, MASSACHUSETTS 127 
 
 Resolved further: — That a Copy of these Resolutions, suitably engrossed, be 
 sealed with the Common seal of the Corporation, signed by the Mayor, and forwarded 
 to the Mayor of Newburyport by the Town Clerk. 
 
 William Hall, Mayor (Seal) 
 H. Burke Godwin, Town Clerk." 
 
 The English town sent another letter a short time later, which was elaborately 
 engraved on parchment and which has been placed in the archives of the City of 
 Newburyport. Another e\ddence of the interest taken by the English town in her 
 namesake occurred in 1911 when at the suggestion of Walter Money, the historian 
 of Newbury, England, Alfred Camp, Mayor of that town, sent a copy of the charter 
 of incorporation of the Borough of Newbury, which was granted by Queen Eliza- 
 beth and which is now a valued relic in the Historical Society of Old Newbury, 
 JMassachusetts. This interesting record is dated 1596 and appoints Bartholomew 
 Yates as the first Mayor of the town. With this present also came a letter from 
 
 Mayor Camp, part of which is as follows: — 
 
 "March 16, igii. 
 Municipal Buildings 
 Newbury 
 As you observe, the possession of this photographic copy will be our Historical link 
 between our ancient Borough and your own Newburyport, and I trust while being so, 
 it will also be a worthy addition and adornment to your Museum collection. Wishing 
 Newburyport all prosperity in its future career, and in emulation of the best traditions 
 of the old Borough and Country, 
 Believe me, 
 
 Yours very sincerely, 
 
 Alfred Camp, MayorJ' 
 
 A few years ago. Rev. Glenn Tilley Morse, Rector of All Saints Church, West 
 Newbury, and President of the Historical Society of Old Newbury, visited the old 
 town in England and there met Mr. Money and officials of the town. When Mr. 
 Morse built his church, he wrote to the Rector of St. Nicholas Church in Newbury, 
 England, and asked him if he would send him a stone or some present to place in 
 his church here. The war started soon after, which prevented at that time the 
 carrying out of this suggestion, but in February, 1920, Mr. Morse received from 
 him a Bible which had been used for many years in the Lady Chapel of St. Nicholas 
 Church. Mr. Morse, as can be seen by the photographs of both churches, followed 
 the perpendicular Gothic style of architecture of the Newbury church when he super- 
 intended the building of his church in West Newbury in 191 2. Mr. Morse has taken 
 a great interest in the old town as his ancestors were among the early settlers. An- 
 other visit we should mention was made by Rev. Mr. Titmarsh, pastor of the Congre- 
 gational church in Newbury, England, who came to Newbury, Massachusetts, at the 
 time of the International Conference of Congregational Churches, which was held in 
 Boston in 1899, and while here he preached at the First Church in Newbury and also 
 spoke before the Historical Society, where he told them all about his town.
 
 128 
 
 NEWBURY, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 From a print Kindness Rev. Glenn Tilley Morse 
 
 ALL SAINTS CHURCH, WEST NEWBURY, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 This church was built in 1913-14 under the supervision of its Rector, Rev. Glenn Tilley Morse, who followed 
 the character of St. Nicholas Church in Newbury, England, shown in another illustration. 
 
 The earliest commemoration of the settlement of our Newbury of which we have 
 any knowledge was the first Centennial held in 1735 which, according to tradition, 
 took place in Col. Joseph Cofhn's front yard. Another celebration in the town 
 took pl?Lce in 1759, when the British and Colonial Arms were triumphant at Que- 
 bec. The citizens on this occasion are said to have roasted an ox in the west yard 
 of Mr. Lowell's meeting-house, when they doubtless sang these and other words: — 
 
 "With true British valour we broke every line 
 And conquered Quebec in the year fifty-nine." 
 
 The lands near Newbury had for some time attracted the attention of the Eng- 
 lish, for we read that one William Wood returned to the old country in 1633 after 
 a four years' residence in Massachusetts, and pubhshed in London a book giving 
 a "description of that part of America commonly called New England," and in this 
 review of all the settlements he reserved his choicest words for the last. " Agawam " 
 he says, "is the best place but one, vrhich is Merrimack, lying eight miles beyond
 
 NEWBURY, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 129 
 
 from an old print Brought from \ ' il nid, bv Rfv. (jUnn TilL-y Mor^e 
 
 ST. NICHOLAS CHURCH, NEWBURY, ENGLAND 
 
 The character of this church was copied by Rev. Glenn Tilley Morse, when All Saints Church in West 
 Newbury, Massachusetts, was built in 1913. 
 
 it, where is a river twenty leagues navigable. All along the river are fresh marshes, 
 in some places three miles broad. In this river is sturgeon, salmon and bass, and 
 divers other kinds of fishes. To conclude, the country hath not that which this 
 place does not yield." His Merrimack was our Newbury. 
 
 It takes but little imagination to see the first Httle band, consisting of about 
 twenty-three men and their famiHes, as they sailed from Ipswich one morning in 
 the spring of 1635, wending their way through Plum Island Sound and up the 
 Parker River to a spot on its northern bank one hundred rods below the present 
 bridge, where Nicholas Noyes was said to be the first to leap ashore. This spot is 
 held quite sacred by the people of Newbury, who placed there a stone, shown in 
 the illustration on the next page, the inscription upon which reads as follows :— 
 
 1902 
 
 LANDING PLACE 
 
 OF THE 
 
 FIRST SETTLERS 
 
 1635
 
 I30 
 
 NEWBURY, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 From a photogr-iph by Noyes, Neicburyport Kindness Miss Harr'cHe E. Jones and Rev. Glenn Tilley Morse 
 
 STONE MARKING LANDING PLACE OF THE FIRST SETTLERS, 1635, ON PARKER 
 RIVER, NEWBURY, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 It is placed not far from the Ship Monument. 
 
 Rev. Thomas Parker and James Noyes were also with these pioneers and were 
 chosen pastor and "teacher," respectively, of their church. Farther up the river, 
 on Oldtown lower green, has been placed another monument, surmounted by a 
 model of a ship of the old days, erected in honour of these early settlers, the inscrip- 
 tion being as follows: — 
 
 To the men and women 
 who settled in Newbury 
 from 1635 to 1650 and 
 founded its municipal 
 1. social and religious life, 
 
 this monument is dedicated 
 1905 
 
 Rev. Benjamin Woodbridge, a settler in the town, has the honour of having ranked 
 first in the first class graduated from Harvard College. 
 
 Curiously enough, Newbury in Massachusetts was formerly called Old Newbury, 
 although before this it was named Oldtown and still before that Wescussacco ; its 
 present name of Newbury was given in the year 1635. In this year the General 
 Court of the Colony of Massachusetts Bay appointed a board of commissioners to 
 set out the bounds between Ipswich and Quascacunquen and at the same time 
 ordered that the new plantation should be called Newbury from the old town in
 
 NEWBURY, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 131 
 
 Berkshire, England, where Rev. 
 Mr. Parker had preached before 
 coming to this country. The Hst 
 of names identified with the early 
 history of Newbury is a long 
 one and includes Daniel Pierce, 
 Thomas and James Noyes, Henry 
 Sewall, Caleb Moody, Anthony 
 Morse, Captain Stephen Green- 
 leaf, Richard Dummer, Colonel 
 Kent and Edward Rawson; while 
 those names later identified with 
 the town were Adams, Chase, 
 Poore, Hale, Lunt, Somerby, 
 Lowell, Little, Sawyer, Bartlett, 
 Brown, Jaques, Knight, Emery 
 and Titcomb. Newburyport was 
 not incorporated until 1764, this 
 step being taken chiefly on ac- 
 count of the need for public school 
 accommodations in that part of 
 the township. The best-known 
 names in this flourishing city are 
 Lowell, Dalton, Tracy, Jackson, 
 Todd, Cushing, Sawyer, Coffin, 
 Jones, Wheelwright, Huse, Cary, 
 Greenleaf, Hooper and Moseley; 
 while those who were best known 
 in West Newbury soon after its 
 settlement were Moses and Joshua 
 Brown, Josiah Bartlett, Benjamin 
 Perley Poore, also the Ordway, 
 Chase, Johnson, Dole, Greenleaf, 
 Little, Smith, Bailey, Emery, 
 Rogers, Felton and Morse fami- 
 lies. Timothy Dexter, who origi- 
 nated the well-known T. D. pipe, 
 
 was one of the curious characters of Newburyport in recent times. At the time 
 that he wrote his book ''A Pickle for the Knowing Ones," there were so many 
 discussions in regard to proper punctuation that he left out all marks of punctu- 
 ation in the body of his book but at the end printed several pages of periods, 
 
 Photographed by Noyes, Newburyport 
 
 Kindness Miss Harriette E. Jones 
 and Rev. Glenn Tilley Morse 
 
 SHIP MONUMENT PLACED ON THE OLDTOWN 
 LOWER GREEN IN NEWBURY, MASSACHUSETTS, 
 
 in honour of the early settlers. Their leader was Rev. 
 Thomas Parker, who had previously preached in Newbury, 
 England, and it was out of respect to him that this name 
 was given to the Massachusetts town. The names of all 
 the earliest settlers are on the other side of this memorial.
 
 132 
 
 NEWBURY. MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 Photographed from an old print in the Marine Museum, Boston, Massachusetts Kindness Rohert /?. Snuih, Es'j. 
 
 NEWBURYPORT, MASSACHUSETTS, IX 1847, FROM SALISBURY 
 
 Newburj-port was at one time a part of Newbury. 
 
 commas, etc., which he declared the reader could insert as he desired. It is a 
 curious fact that from near Indian Hill Farm, West Newbury, can be seen many 
 towns which bear the same names as English ones, such as Newbury, SaHsbury, 
 Gloucester, Hampton, Exeter, Amesbury and Andover; in fact almost all of the 
 names in this region betray the origin of its colonists. Settlers from Newbury also 
 helped found the towns of Nantucket, Concord, New Hampshire, Andover, Haver- 
 hill, Salisbury and Hampton. 
 
 There is also a Newbury in New Hampshire and one in Vermont. 
 
 St. Paul's Church in Newburyport used to own some silver plate that was 
 sent over by King William and Queen Mary, but this was stolen from the 
 church in 1887 and has never been recovered, though dupHcates have been made. 
 Another fact of interest is the bell presented by the Bishop of London in 
 1 7 18 to Queen Anne's chapel, situated on the road between West Newbury 
 and Newburyport. 
 
 Newbury, England, is on the river Kennet, a branch of the Thames, and was 
 once known as "New Bourg," being situated on the road between London and 
 Bath. The town was formerly noted for the manufacture of cloth, an industry 
 which started during the reign of Henry VIII. In this trade the most prominent 
 character seems to have been "Jack of Newbury," as he has been called, who, 
 according to tradition, proved himself a hero during the battle of Flodden Field
 
 NEWBURY, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 133 
 
 From a pamphlet printed by the Towle Manujacturing Company, Newburyport, Massachusetts 
 
 NEWBURY STREET, NEWBURY, ENGLAND 
 
 when he and his brother warriors fought so bravely that they have gone down 
 in history in these words: — 
 
 "The Cheshire lads were brisk and brave, 
 And the Kendall Laddies as free, 
 But none surpassed or I'm a knave 
 The Laddies of Newberrie." 
 
 Another interesting event in the town's history has been handed down to us. In 
 the year 181 1, Sir John Throckmorton made a bet of one thousand guineas that 
 John Coxeter, an experienced weaver, could produce a finished woolen coat from the 
 raw material on the sheep's back all within the space of twenty-four hours. This 
 he succeeded in doing, much to the surprise of those who lost their money by betting 
 against Sir John, and the winner of the wager sat down to dirmer that same evening 
 wearing the garment. It still exists and has been sent to a number of exhibi- 
 tions, including the International one in 1851; also a painting recording this episode 
 was made at the time and is now in the possession of one of the family. 
 
 In the old days the people of Newbury often journeyed by stage to Bath where 
 they would spend their hohdays and as it was possible to carry very little baggage 
 on the coach with them, it is said that the women usually had to wait indoors sev- 
 eral days after their arrival until their fine dresses came up later by wagon. In
 
 134 
 
 NEWBURY, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 • 
 
 Kindness S. C. Reed, Esq. 
 
 From a ■photograph 
 
 JACK OF NEWBURY'S HOUSE, NEWBURY, 
 ENGLAND, 
 
 the old Cloth Hall, now used as a museum. One of the 
 most prominent characters in the cloth trade was "Jack 
 of Newbury." A picture of this ancient house hangs, 
 with other photographs, in the Public Library of New- 
 bur>T5ort, Massachusetts. 
 
 Newbury is a parish called 
 
 Speenhamland and it was there 
 
 that the well-known Pelican Inn, 
 
 so noted for its good dinners and 
 
 high prices, received the many 
 
 stage-coach travelers, one of whom 
 
 wrote these amusing hnes: — 
 
 "The famous inn at Speenhamland 
 That stands below the hill, 
 May well be called the Pelican 
 From its enormous bill." 
 
 In ancient times the Newbury 
 church appointed officers called 
 "dog rappers," whose duty it was 
 to drive dogs out of church should 
 they wander within its doors, the 
 whips carried by these officials 
 being used by the church wardens 
 as symbols of service. Another 
 event in the early history of New- 
 bury was the siege of the castle 
 in the year 1 152 by King Stephen. 
 There is practically nothing left 
 of the fortress, though a picture 
 of it on the seal of the old town 
 still reminds us of its previous 
 existence. This castle was de- 
 
 fended during the siege by John 
 Marshall, the representative of Matilda, who was the daughter of Henry I. Mar- 
 shall, in command of the castle forces, pretended that he was desirous of consulting 
 Matilda in regard to surrender and arranged with the enemy to grant an armistice, 
 giving his little son as a hostage; but, in the meantime, he secretly endeavored to 
 get provisions. His scheme was discovered by King Stephen, who ordered that 
 the boy should be thrown by a sling against the castle walls. Fortunately the 
 King relented. Several times as he was about to murder the hostage he changed 
 his mind and finally promised to spare his Hfe. A few days later the two were 
 seen playing some game together, the King having become very fond of the boy. 
 Near Newbury is the Falkland memorial which was built in 1878 to commemo- 
 rate Lord Falkland and those of his friends who died on the field of Newbury while 
 fighting on the King's side. The old Cloth Hall, now a museum, is an interesting 
 example of mediaeval architecture. Another object of interest is the market-place
 
 NEWBURY, MASSACHUSETTS 135 
 
 containing the municipal buildings and a statue of Queen Victoria presented to 
 the borough by the well-known circus king, George Sanger, who was born in the 
 town. Horse races were also held in the town as early as the time of King Charles 
 II. The Mortimer family owned much land there at one time. 
 
 NEWCASTLE, NEW HAMPSHIRE 
 
 ALTHOUGH Newcastle was probably not directly named for Newcastle, 
 /% England, yet the town, with its narrow rambhng streets and small low 
 A \^ houses, reminds one so much of the English fishing villages of Cornwall 
 and Devon from which many of the early settlers of the Island came, that we are 
 going to include in this book a number of interesting connections between the 
 New Hampshire town and the mother country. 
 
 In 1873, the postmaster of Newcastle, New Hampshire, Mr. H. M. Curtis, re- 
 ceived a letter written by Mr. Henry Starr of London, informing him that one of his 
 friends, a certain Captain Bokenham, of Hertfordshire, England, had in his posses- 
 sion some of the early records of this New Hampshire town. The inhabitants were 
 very much astonished and were very skeptical as to the authenticity of these docu- 
 ments, but finally decided to inquire what expense there would be in getting them 
 back. Much to the surprise and delight of the people of Newcastle the reply was 
 the volumes themselves, which came by the next English mail and proved to be 
 the records from the date of the incorporation of the town in 1693 to the year 
 1726, in perfect preservation and written in the handwriting of Francis Tucker, 
 Theodore Atkinson and Sampson Sheafe, three of the earlier officials of the town. 
 It is a curious fact that Captain Bokenham, in whose house the records were found, 
 had no idea how they came there and no definite conclusion has ever been arrived 
 at. These records were all the more valuable owing to the fact that the early 
 records of the neighboring city of Portsmouth had been destroyed by fire. The 
 town of Newcastle at the next annual meeting, held in 1874, passed a vote of thanks 
 to the gentlemen who had discovered and given the records and this vote was 
 engrossed on parchment and sent to London. 
 
 An interesting custom adopted at the early town meetings was described by 
 an inhabitant, who stated that the voters used to deliberate with their hats on, as 
 they wished to copy the British Parliament. Another custom in the early times 
 was for all the inhabitants of the Province to assemble at the fort and to fire a 
 salute whenever any important news came from England. 
 
 The town of Newcastle, at first called "■ Great Island," was not incorporated until 
 1693, although it was settled before the neighboring city of Portsmouth, and for the 
 first seventy-five years it was the capital of the Province of New Hampshire and also 
 the place of residence of the Governors. The chief industry of the town used to be, 
 and still is to a certain extent, its fisheries, and in the old days one of the principal
 
 136 
 
 NEWCASTLE, NEW HAMPSHIRE 
 
 From a photograph Kindness William D. Turner, Esq. 
 
 A STREET IN NEWCASTLE, NEW HAMPSHIRE 
 
 This attractive fishing village, with its narrow, winding streets and quaint low houses, is much like some of 
 the EngHsh fishing villages of Cornwall and Devon. 
 
 town officials had the title of "culler of fish and staves." It is also a well-known 
 fact that the States of New Hampshire and Maine both owe their discovery and 
 early settlement to the fishing industry carried on by the English from their own 
 harbours. Many distinguished families have lived in Newcastle and among the 
 most prominent in Colonial days were the Sheafes, Atkinsons, Jaffreys, Vaughans, 
 Waltons, Jacksons, Wentworths, Frosts and Odiornes. In mentioning the Sheafes it 
 might be well to record that a member of the family owned the original settlement 
 of Newcastle and that the family has been very prominent both in New Hampshire 
 and in Massachusetts. Their ancestors came from Kent, England, and there is in 
 that county an interesting inscription on a family monument reading as follows: — 
 
 Here are buried under this stone, 
 Thomas Sheff and his wife, Marion; 
 Sometyme we warr as yee now bee 
 And now we are as bee shall yee; 
 Wherefore of your charite. 
 Pray for us to the Trinite. 
 
 Obyt. Mccckxxxiii
 
 NEWCASTLE, NEW HAMPSHIRE 
 
 137 
 
 From "Newcastle" by John Allref, i 
 
 NEWCASTLE, NEW HAMPSfflRE 
 
 Kindness Williavi D. Turner, Esq. 
 
 It was formerly called "Great Island" and was for seventy-five years the capital of the Province of New 
 Hampshire and seat of the Royal Governors. "Little Harbour" is seen on the right. The river Piscataqua 
 runs past both sides of the island, which is connected with Portsmouth only by a causeway. 
 
 Governor Wentworth's mansion is at Little Harbour and here have lived many 
 of the family, so prominent in the history of the State. Here Samuel Wentworth, 
 ancestor of three Governors and one of Newcastle's most respected citizens, kept a 
 tavern called "At Ye Sign of Ye Dolphin." We wish that we had more space to 
 describe others of the bygone days. 
 
 The people of Newcastle were very independent, and it was said that the only 
 time citizens of Portsmouth took any interest in them was just before election, 
 for the Island vote was so influential in the state elections that there was a proph- 
 ecy "as goes Newcastle, so goes the State." 
 
 It has been said that a Newcastle sailor, as soon as he was able, always returned 
 to his birthplace like the Kentites of the old days. It has also been claimed that 
 the natives were so attached to their home that when a woman native of the town 
 married a man who did not live on the island the husband always had to move 
 his residence and business to her place of abode. 
 
 There are said to be many unmarked graves on the island, and one of the farm- 
 ers, who did a great deal of plowing with his yoke of oxen, said that he was always 
 in fear lest his cattle should stumble into one of the ancient graves, an accident 
 which he admitted had often happened. He used to boast that he knew where
 
 138 NEWCASTLE, NEW HAMPSHIRE 
 
 many of the family burial places were, although they were not marked. ''I've 
 been in them," he said. "In old times they didn't dig very deep, and when the 
 coffin gets empty and the wood thin and a heavy ox steps on the right place down 
 he goes." Another citizen of the town asked a friend of his how he could find out 
 his family history. "By running for office" was the amusing reply. 
 
 The most important visitor to Newcastle was George Washington who visited 
 there in 1789; naturally, the natives immediately took him fishing, but, of course, 
 catching a fish was out of the question on account of the din of the brass band. A 
 bright fisherman, however, anticipating this possibility, had tied a fish to the end 
 of his line and "the Father of his Country" hauled up a large cod which should 
 have been mounted and placed among other Newcastle antiquities. Washington 
 was entertained at the Wentworth mansion and a salute in his honour was fired 
 from Fort Constitution. This fort was occupied by many of our soldiers during the 
 Great War. 
 
 There is also a Newcastle in Maine. 
 
 Newcastle, in Northumberland, claimed a number of ships by the name "May- 
 flower." The inhabitants of this part of England took no active interest in the 
 Puritan movement. 
 
 NEW LONDON, CONNECTICUT 
 
 " Whereas, It hath been a commendable practice of the inhabitants of all the colonies 
 of these parts, that as this country hath its denomination from our dear native country of 
 England, and thence is called New England, so the planters, in their first settUng of most 
 new plantations, have given names to those plantations of some cities and towns in England, 
 thereby intending to keep up and leave to posterity the memorial of several places of note 
 there, as Boston, Hartford, Windsor, York, Ipswich, Braintree, Exeter. This court con- 
 sidering that there hath yet no place in any of the colonies been named in memory of the 
 city of London, there being a new plantation within this jurisdiction of Connecticut, 
 settled upon the fair river of Monhegin, in the Pequot country, it being an excellent har- 
 bour, and a fit and convenient place for future trade, it being also the only place which 
 the English of these parts have possessed by conquest, and that by a very just war, upon 
 the great and warlike people, the Pequots, that therefore, they might thereby leave to 
 posterity the memory of that renowned city of London, from whence we had our trans- 
 portation, have thought fit, in honor to that famous city, to call the said plantation New 
 London." 
 
 THE above was the vote passed by the General Court on March 24, 1658, 
 granting permission to the early settlers to use the name "New London." 
 It had been the wish of these pioneers that their adopted town should bear the 
 name of London, but there was a difference of opinion, some of the colony prefer- 
 ring the name of Faire Harbour. They persisted, however, in calling it by its earHer 
 Indian names of Pequot and Nameaug until they finally had their wish gratified by 
 being allowed to use the name they desired. It was quite natural that they should 
 also want the river, which had been called up to that time "Monhegin" (often
 
 NEW LONDON, CONNECTICUT 139 
 
 spelled Mohegan) changed shortly after the naming of the town (now a city) to 
 the Thames for the EngKsh river so well described by Pope in these words: — 
 
 "My eye descending from the hill, surveys 
 Where Thames among the wanton valleys strays. 
 Thames, the most loved of all the ocean's sons. 
 By his old sire to his embraces runs." 
 
 From the time that Block explored this coast and named the island "Block 
 Island," probably no civilized person landed on the shores of New London until 
 Captain John Endicott went there in 1636, as he was returning to Boston from 
 an expedition against the Indians, when he landed at Groton on the opposite side 
 of the Thames. A year later the Stoughton expedition pitched camp at New 
 London and built the first English house ever erected in the place. 
 
 The settlement was formed in the year 1646 by the son of Gov. John Winthrop 
 of ISIassachusetts, who bore the same name as his father. He was assisted by his 
 friend Rev. Thomas Peters, a brother of the well-known Hugh Peters of Salem. 
 The Massachusetts Court gave these two men authority to govern the plantation, 
 although it was soon after decided that it did not come under the jurisdiction of 
 Massachusetts, but belonged to Connecticut. We think it may be interesting to 
 sketch the career of young Winthrop who, we are told, was a pioneer, traveler, 
 scholar, statesman, lawyer, magistrate and physician. We first hear of him as 
 advising his father to come to this country and it is very probable that he influ- 
 enced his parent's decision. He was born in 1606 in the home of his ancestors in 
 Groton, England. In 1631 he was married and sailed for Boston the latter part 
 of the same year, whereupon he busied himself with the founding of Ipswich, as we 
 have described in our story on that town, where he Hved until he took up his resi- 
 dence in New London in the year 1647. In the meantime he made a trip to Eng- 
 land in 1635, where he married again, returning to this country in the same year 
 with a commission from Lord Saye and Sele, Lord Brooke and Sir Richard Salton- 
 stall and others "to begin a plantation at Connecticut and be Governor there." 
 This settlement he called "Saybrook" in honour of the two Lords who gave him 
 the grant. It is also interesting to note that while forming this colony he coasted 
 along the shore and visited the mouth of the Thames River, which he liked so 
 much that he finally was induced to start a settlement at New London. He moved, 
 however, none too soon to the Connecticut River, for hardly had his vessels ap- 
 peared than the Dutch likewise hove in sight, but as the English flag and the 
 Enghsh cannon had just been placed there ahead of them, they prudently turned 
 back their prows towards New York. Winthrop remained " Governor of the river 
 Connecticut, with the places adjoining thereunto" for the space of one year as 
 commissioned by the patentees, then returned to the town of Ipsv.ich which he 
 had previously founded in the Bay Colony. Some years later he went abroad, 
 returning in 1643 with workmen, tools and stock with which to take up the busi-
 
 140 
 
 NEW LONDON, CONNECTICUT 
 
 
 
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 - ill '' mf^V *''} Y ' ' 
 
 
 From a picture published by H. D. Utley, New London, Conn. kindness Frnett E Roger , Liq. 
 
 OLD TOWN GRIST MILL, NEW LONDON, CONNECTICUT, 
 
 established by John Winthrop, the younger, when he was chief magistrate of New London in 1650. It was 
 used continuously until a few years ago. It is now owned by the city and is kept intact as an historic 
 building. 
 
 ness of smelting and refining iron at Lynn and Braintree, which, for a time, was 
 prosecuted with zeal and success, thereby earning him the distinction of being the 
 first person in the United States to engage in that business. In 1644 he obtained 
 from the General Court of Massachusetts this grant " 1644, June 28. Granted to 
 Mr. Winthrop, a plantation at or near Pequod [New London] for iron works." 
 As we have noted, he began the settlement of New London in 1646, estabhshing 
 a town government the next year. His family also moved there the same year 
 and has been represented in the community ever since. He was Governor of 
 Connecticut by election in 1657 and in 1659 and every year after that until the 
 time of his death in 1676, an honour conferred upon no other Governor of the 
 State. Still another position had been thrust upon him in 1641, when Massa- 
 chusetts sent him to the Court of St. James, where he showed great abihty. He 
 chose a tomb for himself in New London, but death overtook him on a visit to 
 Boston and he was therefore buried with his father in the family vault in King's 
 Chapel Cemetery. Henry Winthrop who resides in New London at the present 
 time is a direct descendant of John Winthrop. 
 
 The two hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the settlement of New London was 
 celebrated in May, 1896, on which occasion the corner-stone of the monument to
 
 From a photograph by Boston Photo News Co. 
 
 ABRAHAM LINCOLN 
 
 The St. Gaudens statue, a replica of which was formally presented to the British nation by the Hon. 
 Elihu Root on behalf of the American people, and unveiled in London by the Duke of Connaught 
 on July 29, 1920. This is one of the latest connecting links between the Old World and the New.
 
 142 
 
 NEW LONDON, CONNECTICUT 
 
 From a photograph Kindness Ernest E. Rogers, Esq. 
 
 STATUE OF JOHN WINTHROP, THE YOUNGER, IN NEW LONDON, CONNECTICUT, 
 
 unveiled in 1905. 
 
 He was the first governor of Connecticut by appointment of the original patentees Lord Saye and Sele, 
 Lord Brooke and others in 1635; also the first governor of Connecticut under the charter which he ob- 
 tained from King Charles II in 1662. His father was John Winthrop, governor of the Massachusetts Bay 
 Colony. 
 
 In the background is the oldest cemetery in Connecticut, east of the Connecticut River, and in it is the 
 Winthrop family tomb where he expected to be buried, but as he died while in Boston he was buried in 
 King's Chapel Burying Ground, in his father's tomb. 
 
 John Winthrop, the younger, was laid, and also the Soldiers and Sailors memorial 
 was dedicated. Some years later, in 1905, Bela L. Pratt, the sculptor of his statue, 
 received a telegram saying, ''John Winthrop has arrived." The monument was 
 unveiled the same year by Master Henry C. Winthrop, Jr., the youngest male de- 
 scendant of the distinguished Governor bearing the name. The words on the 
 tablet attached to the monument are as follows: 
 
 JOHN WINTHROP 
 
 I606-I676 
 
 FOUNDER OF NEW LONDON 
 
 MAY 6, 1646 
 
 GOVERNOR OF CONNECTICUT 
 
 1657; 1659-1676 
 
 THE CHARTER OF CONNECTICUT 
 
 WAS PROCURED BY HIM 
 
 FROM KING CHARLES II 
 
 APRIL 23, 1662
 
 NEW LONDON, CONNECTICUT 143 
 
 TO COMMEMORATE 
 
 HIS GREAT SERVICES 
 
 TO THIS COMMONWEALTH 
 
 THE STATE OF CONNECTICUT 
 
 ERECTS THIS MONUMENT 
 
 A.D. 1905 
 
 Winthrop Square, where the statue now stands, is the most historic spot in New 
 London, for it was here that the early settlers had a lookout post against the Indians; 
 here also hung the first town's bell, the gift of John Winthrop 's son, Gov. Fitz-John 
 Winthrop, in 1698. (The towTi voted "to ring the bell every night at nine of the 
 clock winter and summer," which custom of ringing the curfew is still in existence 
 and has covered a period of two hundred and twenty-three years, with the change 
 somewhere in the centuries from nine o'clock to eight o'clock on Saturday nights.) 
 Here also was the site of the three successive meeting-houses where Blinman, 
 Bulkeley, Bradstreet and Adams preached; and here in 1745, the troops assembled 
 under Lieut. Gov. Wolcott previous to their sailing on the Louisburg Expedition. 
 
 New London was one of the great whaUng ports of New England and up to 
 i860 this was the most important industry of the town. 
 
 The bicentennial celebration of the First Church of Christ in New London took 
 place in 1870, this year being chosen for the reason that the church records did not 
 begin until the year 1670, although the church was founded some time before. In 
 "The Early History of the First Church of Christ, New London, Connecticut" 
 by Rev. S. Leroy Blake, D.D., published by him in 1897, when minister of the 
 church, it is authentically shown that the church was organized in Gloucester in 
 1642 and emigrated with its minister, Rev. Richard Blinman, from Gloucester, 
 Massachusetts, in 165 1, to New London, with about fifty of its members. The 
 present Bhnman Street received its name from him. During the two hundred and 
 seventy-nine years of its existence there have been but thirteen ministers. The 
 organization of this church is four years older than the founding of the town. The 
 First Church in Hartford, Connecticut, emigrated with its minister, Rev. Thomas 
 Hooker from Cambridge, Massachusetts, in 1636, fifteen years previous to the 
 arrival of Mr. Blinman and his flock in New London. 
 
 We quote a few verses written by George Parsons Lathrop on the two hundred 
 and fiftieth anniversary of the founding of New London on May 6, 1896. 
 
 "The river whispered to the sea; 
 'Bring me the men of destiny. 
 The men of faith, the men of power, 
 From whom shall spring a nation's flower!' 
 
 Long, long the waves of ocean bore 
 That message to its farther shore; 
 At last from ancient realms there came 
 The makers of the New World's fame.
 
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 NEW LONDON, CONNECTICUT 145 
 
 Then in the warring Indian land, 
 Brave Winthrop and his gallant band 
 Hewed clearings; and from fallen oak 
 Rose the first hearth-fire's signal smoke." 
 
 New London will observe its two hundred and seventy-fifth anniversary on 
 May 6th of this year (192 1). 
 
 In speaking of the great city for which New London was named all we venture to 
 do is to mention briefly the memorials and places there of interest to Americans, hav- 
 ing been helped greatly in compiling the list by Dr. J. F. Muirh3ad of London. First 
 of all is the recently dedicated statue of Abraham Lincoln in Parliament Square, a 
 replica of the St. Gaudens statue in Chicago, of which we have included an illustration. 
 Next in interest is the fact that Benjamin Franklin spent about a year and a half in 
 London between December, 1724, and the fall of 1726, working as a printer, first with 
 the firm of Palmer, established in what had been the Lady Chapel of St. Bartholo- 
 mew's Church, and afterwards with Watts, in Wild Court, near Lincoln's Inn Fields. 
 His first lodging was in Bartholomew Close, whence he removed to Duke Street, 
 where he had a room at the modest rental of 1/6 a week. When he returned to London 
 in 1757 in the more dignified position of Agent to the General Assembly of Pennsyl- 
 vania, he found a home at 36 Craven Street, Strand, which he occupied for several 
 years; there he wrote various humorous papers under the name of "The Craven 
 Street Gazette." The only reminder of George Washington in London is a copy of 
 Peale's full-length portrait of him which was presented to the Government by the Earl 
 of Albemarle in 1919 and which hangs in No. 10 Downing Street, the residence of the 
 Prime Minister, now occupied by Mr. Lloyd George. The associations of John 
 Harvard and Captain John Smith with the city of London were mentioned in Part I. 
 
 The visitor to London will find a monument in the Charterhouse to Roger 
 Williams, founder of the State of Rhode Island; also he may wish to see the church 
 of Saint Ethelburga the Virgin in Bishopsgate, associated with Henry Hudson, who 
 named the Hudson River. The American will surely visit Westminster Abbey, where 
 he can see the window placed there in memory of Rev. Phillips Brooks, Bishop of 
 Massachusetts, the bust of Longfellow by Brock, placed there by his English ad- 
 mirers, and the medallion and stained-glass window to commemorate James Russell 
 Lowell. There is also a monument in Westminster, beneath the Tower, to Viscount 
 Howe, erected by the Province of Massachusetts, while still a British colony. Gen- 
 eral Burgoyne, who capitulated to General Gates at Saratoga, is buried in the 
 North Walk of the Cloisters of the Abbey. 
 
 Ralph Waldo Emerson spent a night in Carlyle's House at 25 Cheyne Row, 
 Chelsea, while visiting the city, and there is an interesting tablet and monument 
 in Southwark Cathedral to William Emerson, a supposed ancestor. Washington 
 Irving lodged in Bartholomew Close and was fond of exploring the nooks and 
 crannies of Canonbury Tower.
 
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 NEW LONDON, CONNECTICUT ' 147 
 
 The Chelsea Public Library contains a bust of Henry James and the Chelsea 
 Parish Church has a memorial tablet in his honour. 
 
 In front of the Royal Exchange is a statue of George Peabody by Story, a stone 
 near the west end of the nave of Westminster Abbey marking the spot where the 
 remains of this American philanthropist lay before being removed to Massachusetts. 
 He lived in Eaton Square. 
 
 William Penn, the founder of Pennsylvania, seems to have lodged in Holland 
 House in Charles II's reign, having lived also at No. 21 Norfolk St., Strand. He 
 spent nine months in Fleet Prison rather than pay an unjust claim and was also 
 confined in Newgate. Ke was born on the East Side of Tower Hill and was baptized 
 in All Hallows, Barking. He attended Harsnett's Free School at Chigwell and 
 Hved from 1672 to 1677 '^^ Basing House, High Street, Rickmansworth. He was 
 buried at Jordans, together with his two wives and five of his children. 
 
 The Pilgrim Fathers' Memorial Church in New Kent Road, the oldest Congre- 
 gational church in London (16 16), is also worthy of a visit. Another place of 
 interest is the Parish Church, Gravesend, where the registers in the vestry contain 
 the record of the burial of Pocahontas, the Indian princess who saved the Hfe of 
 Captain John Smith and who married John Rolfe. Two stained glass windows 
 were placed there in 19 14 to her memory by the Society of Virginian Dames, there 
 being also a memorial tablet on the chancel wall. 
 
 Edgar Allan Poe, of Baltimore, attended the school kept by the Misses Dubourg 
 at 146 Sloane Street. He also went to school at Stoke Newington from 181 7 to 
 1819. Benjamin West lived for forty-five years at 14 Newman Street; his studio 
 is now St. Andrew's Hall. He was buried in the "Painters' Corner" at St. Paul's. 
 J. M. Whistler died at 74 Cheyne Walk. He lived first at No. loi from 1863 to 
 1867 and then at No. 96 for twelve years, during which time the portraits of his 
 mother and Carlyle were painted. He was buried in the burial ground of St. 
 Nicholas Church, Chiswick, beneath a bronze altar tomb. A memorial to him by 
 Rodin is to be placed in the gardens on the Embankment to the West of Albert 
 Bridge. 
 
 John Quincy Adams, sixth President of the United States, was married to Louisa 
 Johnson in 1797 in All Hallows, Barking. Another marriage of interest to all the 
 English-speaking peoples is that of Theodore Roosevelt to Edith Kermit Carew, 
 which took place at St. George's, Hanover Square, in 1886. Charles Chauncey, 
 vicar of Ware, who became President of Harvard College in 1654, is commemorated 
 by a tablet in Ware Church, twenty-two miles from London. 
 
 The recent death of Francis Hodson recalls to the minds of many Americans 
 and Britons alike the devoted services of this Englishman, who had been acting as 
 chief clerk in the American Embassy during the past thirty-five years. He was 
 an international figure and it was said of him that he was "never in the way and 
 never out of the way." His father, Charles Hodson, who died in 1906, occupied
 
 148 NEW LONDON, CONNECTICUT 
 
 the same position for thirty years, during which time he served under eight American 
 Ambassadors. Francis Hodson's brother, Edward, is to occupy this position now 
 and will doubtless fill the post as his father and brother have done before him, 
 with ability, modesty and tact. 
 
 OXFORD, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 WHILE Oxford, England, is universally known as one of the world's 
 greatest seats of learning, it may be a surprise to many to read that 
 there has been an Oxford in Massachusetts since 1683 when the settle- 
 ment of Nipmuck was named for the famous English city. The first movement 
 toward a settlement in the region now called Oxford was the petition of Hugh 
 Campbell, a merchant of Boston, February, 1680, for land for a colony of Scotch 
 emigrants. The petition was granted, but no effort seems to have been made to 
 take advantage of it. Shortly after this, two prominent men of Boston, WilHam 
 Stoughton and Joseph Dudley, were empowered to purchase this land in the Nip- 
 muck country and reported that with the Hassanamesit and Natick Indians they 
 had agreed for all their land 
 
 "lying fewer miles northward of the present Springfield road, & southward to that, haue 
 agreed betweene Blacke James & them, of which wee aduised in our late returne, wee 
 haue purchased at thirty pounds money & a coate. 
 
 The southern halfe of said countrey wee haue purchased of Blacke James & company, 
 for twenty pounds." 
 
 It was undoubtedly at this time that the town received its present name. It was 
 through an associate of these two men, Robert Thompson, merchant of London, 
 England, that the Huguenots were induced to settle in this territory. He got into 
 communication with Gabriel Bemon, who, though he never settled in Oxford, 
 nevertheless was most active in making arrangements for the settlement of the 
 Huguenots here. As a result, from La Rochelle, France, came a letter, dated 
 October i, 1684, from a representative of the French Protestants there, who, like 
 the Pilgrim Fathers before them, looked to America as a place of refuge from re- 
 ligious persecution at the time of the revocation of the Edict of Nantes. The note 
 in part was as follows : — 
 
 "New England, the country where you live, is in great esteem; I and a great many 
 others, Protestants, intend to go there. Tell us, if you please, what advantages we can 
 have, and particularly the peasants who are used to the plough. If somebody of your 
 country would send a ship here to bring over French Protestants, he would make great 
 gain." 
 
 To this plantation, then, which had been named for the English city where is the 
 famous University at which many of the Pilgrim Fathers had received their col- 
 legiate education, fled bands of the persecuted Huguenots — chiefly from La Rochelle
 
 OXFORD, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 149 
 
 and its vicinity. They endured 
 great hardships to reach America 
 and many died on the voyage, 
 bat the sturdy Httle band that 
 remained arrived in Boston during 
 the winter of 1686 and were hos- 
 pitably received and cared for at 
 Fort Hill, where they were fed and 
 clothed, the scattered churches of 
 the Massachusetts Bay Colony 
 taking up contributions to meet 
 the needs of the exiles. When 
 spring came they took possession 
 of Oxford, retaining its English 
 name, as they liked it so well. 
 
 Many famous names in the 
 history of America appear among 
 this first list of settlers, including 
 Pierre Beaudoin, one of whose 
 descendants, James Bowdoin, be- 
 came Governor of Massachusetts, 
 and Benjamin Faneuil, an ances- 
 tor of Peter Faneuil, benefactor of 
 Boston and donor of Faneuil Hall. 
 Andre Sigournais was another 
 prominent member of the original 
 Huguenot community and his 
 descendants, the Sigourneys, are 
 well known in Boston and other 
 parts of New England. Andrew 
 Wolcott Sigourney, seventh in 
 descent, still owns the old family 
 homestead in Oxford. In 1884, 
 Miss Myrtis S. Sigourney (now 
 Mrs. William Bacon Scofield) 
 unveiled a splendid monument 
 on Fort Hill erected by the 
 Huguenot Memorial Society to 
 perpetuate the memory of the Huguenots who made the first settlement at 
 Oxford. At the period made famous by Longfellow in his "Evangeline" several 
 other French families also settled here. This town was the home of Clara Barton, 
 
 Photographed by E. B. Luce 
 
 HUGUENOT MONUMENT, OXFORD, MASSA- 
 CHUSETTS, 
 
 erected in 1884 by the Huguenot Memorial Society and 
 unveiled by a descendant of Andre Sigournais, one of the 
 most prominent of the founders of the town. Although 
 the early settlers were French, they retained the name 
 given to this territory by the English owners.
 
 OXFORD, MASSACHUSETTS 151 
 
 the famous Civil War nurse and organizer of our Red Cross, and here also Richard 
 Okiey, Secretary of State under President Cleveland, was born. Olney, by the 
 way, was the last President of the Huguenot Memorial Society, no successor having 
 been chosen since his death. 
 
 Judge Sewall, that renowned "Pepys of New England," undoubtedly named the 
 town and he did so because he remembered his rides over the familiar ground in 
 England. He also changed the name of the neighboring town of New Roxbury to 
 Woodstock, his reason for doing so being that there is a town of that name near 
 Oxford, England. 
 
 It is interesting to know that the name of Oxford was originally given by Prince 
 Charles of England, later King Charles I, to the territory now known as Marshfield, 
 Massachusetts, when he marked Captain John Smith's map of the New England 
 coast made in 16 14. 
 
 There is also an Oxford in Maine and one in Connecticut. 
 
 The city of Oxford, on that part of the Thames locally called the Isis, ranks 
 among the most ancient corporations in England and its privileges are similar to 
 those of the city of London. At the coronations of sovereigns the Mayor acted as 
 Butler, next to the Lord Mayor of London, and received three mazers, or cups 
 made of maple wood, as his fee until the last feast given by George IV in 182 1. 
 Since then no banquet has been given, and while the Mayor of Oxford retains his 
 right he has no opportunity to use it, and, therefore, has no mazers to bring home. 
 
 In 912 the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records: — 
 
 ' ' This year died Eathered Ealdorman of the Mercians, and King Edward took posses- 
 sion of London and Oxford, and of all lands which owed obedience thereto." 
 
 Its legendary history, however, goes back nearly two centuries earlier and starts 
 with the tale of the holy Frideswide who founded a nunnery there. She is the 
 patron saint of Oxford and one of the three crowned figures in the arms of Oxford 
 diocese is supposed to represent this saintly personage. Churches and castles later 
 sprang up, and the country became famous for its sport, and many of the Norman 
 kings resorted to the forests which abounded in deer. Historians differ as to the 
 origin of Oxford University, though it is generally acknowledged that the movement 
 gained impetus from the intellectual activity that was so apparent in Paris at the 
 close of the eleventh century, at the time that the head of the cathedral school 
 there was William Champeaux. From migrations across the channel this college 
 town of Oxford, which at that time was neither a cathedral nor a capital town, 
 became reinforced by the flood of students that had been turned out of France, 
 so that by the beginning of the thirteenth century Oxford ranked with the most 
 important universities of Europe. 
 
 There are many historic landmarks in this English city, the chief of which, 
 however, the famous Osney Abbey, has been totally destroyed. "Great Tom," a
 
 152 OXFORD, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 bell weighing eighteen thousand pounds, a relic of this Abbey, is preserved in the 
 "Oxford Tom Tower." Every night at five minutes past nine "Tom" tolls a 
 curfew of one hundred and one strokes as a signal of the closing of the college gates. 
 This tower was built in 1682 by the famous Sir Christopher Wren. Tom's time, 
 through an old custom, is always five minutes later than Greenwich time, thereby 
 giving tardy ones a leeway of five minutes in attending chapel, lectures and roll-calls. 
 
 The most interesting building among the many in this classical center is perhaps 
 the famous Bodleian Library, the most ancient part of which was built between 
 1450 and 1480 to house the books which had been given to the University by 
 Humphry, Duke of Gloucester. It contains over a million bound volumes and 
 about forty thousand volumes of manuscripts. By a copyright act it enjoys the 
 right to a copy of every book published in Great Britain. 
 
 Among the men who were natives of Oxford and who won distinction along 
 various lines were Edmund Ironside, Richard Cceur-de-Lion, and King John. 
 Cecil Rhodes, one of the most prominent of the famous graduates of the Univer- 
 sity, is known to the present generation through his endowment of the Rhodes 
 Scholarships which enable American undergraduates to obtain the advantages of 
 an Oxford education at the expense of the endowment fund. 
 
 READING, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 READING, Massachusetts, set off from Lynn in 1644 as "Redding," was 
 named for Reading, England, by some of the early settlers of the town who 
 . probably came from the English borough on the upper Thames, or from 
 that vicinity, having first lived in Lynn on their arrival in this country. John 
 Poole, one of the leaders, was perhaps responsible for the naming of the Mas- 
 sachusetts town. Among the early settlers were Nicholas Brown, William Cow- 
 drey, Thomas Parker, Thomas Marshall, John Pearson, John Damon, Jonas 
 Eaton, Richard Walker, John Wiley and Thomas Kendall. Among later, but 
 still early, comers whose names have been prominent in the town's history were 
 the Bancroft, Temple, Upton, Nichols and Wakefield families. Some years ago 
 Hon. Owen Ridley, former Mayor of the English Reading, became much inter- 
 ested in the history of the Massachusetts town, made a visit here and was enter- 
 tained by the late Chester W. Eaton, Esq., of Wakefield. Later Mr. Eaton and 
 his daughter. Miss Emma Florence Eaton, who is connected with the Wakefield 
 Historical Society (Wakefield having once been a part of Reading), visited the 
 English Reading and Mr. Eaton published an interesting account of his visit in 
 the "Memorial Volume of Ancient Reading" issued on the occasion of the two 
 hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the Massachusetts town in 1894. At the time 
 of this celebration Mr. Philip H. Turner, of Reading, England, carried on a corre-
 
 READING, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 153 
 
 From an old print owned by Allan Forbes Formerly in the collection of J. H. Seers, Essex, England 
 
 READING ABBEY, READING, ENGLAND 
 
 spondence with the Wakefield Historical Society, and when the Eaton family made 
 this visit to the old town in England he gave them a most cordial reception. Mr. 
 Eaton in his interesting account spoke particularly of the attractive ruins of Read- 
 ing Abbey, which was at one time one of the most lordly of the ecclesiastical es- 
 tabhshments in England, and which is so well described by Miss Eaton in the fol- 
 lowing Hnes of poetry written on the occasion of the two hundred and fiftieth anni- 
 versary referred to above: — 
 
 ' ' Now all has passed away 
 Save these few stones, near which the Thames doth stately glide. 
 Gone are thy black-robed monks with cowled heads, gone is thy day 
 Of grandeur. Yet still the truths thou stoodest for must abide. 
 To make us stronger, nobler; and so I feel, at last. 
 That a precious blessing Ungers in these ruins of the past." 
 
 Mr. Eaton also wrote of the historic churches of the old town, including St. 
 Giles's, a picture of which we have reproduced on the next page. Mr. Eaton ex- 
 plains that Reading, England, dates back to the year 868, although some historians 
 declare that the town formed a part of the Kingdom of Wessex, under the Saxons, 
 towards the end of the fifth century. The name Reading is spelled in a hundred 
 different ways in the ancient English records and, like that of many English places, 
 is probably derived from a Saxon clan name signifying the home of the sons of
 
 154 
 
 READING. MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 "Raed," the head of the clan. 
 Men called Raed, precursors of 
 the modern Reeds and Reids, took 
 their name from their complexion 
 — the Reds, like the Whites, the 
 Browns, etc. To us, of course, the 
 name has lost any significance of 
 this sort and remains simply a 
 link connecting us with that 
 seventeenth-century England out 
 of which the fathers came. There 
 was fought in 1163 a duel that 
 has come down to us in history 
 between Henry d' Essex and 
 Robert de Montford, which took 
 place in the presence of King 
 Henry II. To that town once 
 came John Bunyan, who preached 
 the gospel, and there also is shown 
 to the American visitor the hall 
 where William Penn used to wor- 
 ship. While there Mr. Eaton 
 made a careful examination of the 
 copy of the register of St. Mary's Church during the sixteenth and seven- 
 teenth centuries and found a number of names that were equally well known 
 in our Reading, such as Poole, Cowdrey, Parker, Bachellor, Brown, Swain, 
 Townsend, Hawkes, Taylor, Foster, Walker, Marshall, Eaton, Davis, Goodwin 
 and Pearson, many of whom comprised the early settlers of Reading in New 
 England. The famous Huntley and Palmer biscuit factory is situated in Reading, 
 England. 
 
 The freedom of the borough was conferred in 1920 on Lord Reading, who had 
 represented this locality in Parliament for over nine years, and who recently has 
 been the British Ambassador to the United States. The Am.erican Ambassador, 
 Mr. Davis, was present at the ceremony, during which he said, "No official repre- 
 sentative of Great Britain has more truly interpreted the English people to the Amer- 
 ican people, or more thoroughly won the admiration and affection of the American 
 people than Lord Reading." Our Ambassador, referring to the recent visit of the 
 Prince of Wales to America, said he verily believed that in the recent history of 
 the two countries no visit of greater promise, and certainly none of greater value, 
 had occurred than that of the Prince to the United States, where he had been 
 greeted with overwhelming enthusiasm. 
 
 Photographed JTOm an old print Kindness Ian Forbes-Robertson, Esq 
 
 ST. GILES'S CHURCH, READING, ENGLAND
 
 READING, MASSACHUSETTS 155 
 
 The settlement of our Reading was made in 1639 under a grant ot land from 
 the General Court to the town of Lynn, being called Linn Village. The name was 
 changed to Redding in 1644 and the modern form "Reading" appeared in 1647. 
 Territory north of the Ipswich River, extending to the southern border of Andover, 
 was added by a special grant in 165 1. South Reading, the original first parish of 
 old Reading, where the first settlement was made, was set off as an independent 
 town in 181 2. North Reading, beyond the Ipswich, the original second parish, 
 was incorporated as a town in 1853. The present Reading retains the ancient 
 name and records. The early Reading, therefore, has become in our day three 
 separate towns. The name of South Reading was changed to Wakefield in 1868, 
 in honour of Cyrus Wakefield, a leading citizen identified with the industrial devel- 
 opment of the town, and was not derived from Wakefield, England. 
 
 There is also a Reading in Vermont. 
 
 ROWLEY, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 "What mean these mad men, soon sayes one, 
 Witlesse to run away 
 From English beere to water, where 
 No boon companions stay." 
 
 CONSIDERABLE correspondence has been carried on between Rev. L. D. 
 Hildyard, Rector of Rowley Church, Rowley, England, and the town of 
 Rowley, Massachusetts, and we believe his letters, which we quote below, 
 will give an excellent idea of the small but attractive EngHsh parish and will also 
 show the love and interest Englishmen have for their offspring on this side of the 
 
 water: — 
 
 "England, Rowley, Little Wetghton, Hull 
 April 17, 191 2 
 
 Dear Sir: — 
 
 In answer to your letter I am sending some photographs of Rowley Church and Rectory, 
 and Little Weighton Village. There is nothing at Rowley except the Church, Rectory, 
 and farm and park. Little Weighton adjoins and you will find the pictures of it enclosed. 
 Here and at Rowley no doubt resided the people who accompanied Ezekiel Rogers to 
 America. I have also enclosed a photo of myself which is of no interest except that it 
 happens that the Hildyards have held the 'Living of Rowley' since 1704 and Ezekiel 
 Rogers only left in 1638. I beHeve the church is Uttle altered since that date. It is 
 supposed that Rogers took the Registers to America but I occasionally find a name later 
 on of one or more of those who accompanied him. I have some small photos recently 
 sent by a friend travelHng in America of several buildings in Rowley (Mass.) but what I 
 really want is a big picture of the town like a small one I have of ' Rowley from Prospect 
 Hill.' You would know which you considered best and I should be quite satisfied with 
 one good one in return for those I send as you have kindly suggested the question of ex- 
 change. I want, if you are pleased to send it to me, to exhibit it in the village and perhaps 
 to put it into one of the papers here.
 
 156 
 
 ROWLEY, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 From I io Rn''l,-\, i- ^, uy Rev. L. D. Ihldy ad of Ro'.oUy, Engl nid Kindne .1" i tr,tL Jt leit, L\q. 
 
 ROWLEY CHURCH, ROWLEY, ENGLAND, 
 in which Rev. Ezekiel Rogers preached for seventeen years before emigrating to Rowley, Massachusetts. 
 
 ica). 
 
 With all good wishes from me and the people of Rowley (England) to Rowley (Amer- 
 
 Believe me, 
 
 Yours sincerely. 
 
 L. D. HiLDYARD." 
 
 "Nov. 9, 1914. 
 Dear Mr. Crowdis: — 
 
 I read your kind message from the pulpit on Sunday to the Rowley (England) con- 
 gregation and I have reason to know how deeply touched they were by it. It is indeed 
 gratifying to us to think that although we are separated by so many miles of ocean, and 
 though we are all unknown to one another, yet you still have a corner in your hearts for 
 the dear old place from which Rowley in America took its name. 
 
 We have not progressed as you have. The Church in which Ezekiel Rogers ministered 
 is still standing and the village and hamlets remain very much the same, I should imagine, 
 as in the days of long ago. But we often think of those faithful ones, who in the time of 
 Charles First wer3 so beset that they determined to leave their all to maintain their re- 
 ligious convictions. 
 
 I have often regretted that there is no memorial of any kind here to Ezekiel Rogers. 
 Before this terrible war began, we had an idea of erecting a window in the church, by 
 which his name and work might be 'had in remembrance.' But alas! the war has put it 
 out of the question. All we can spare now goes to the various Relief Funds, and we have 
 reluctantly had to abandon the idea.
 
 ROWLEY, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 157 
 
 It occurred to me when we 
 were discussing the matter some 
 time ago, how nice it would be if 
 Rowley in America were to take 
 an interest in the matter and pos- 
 sibly to help us in some way. I 
 know you will pardon me for making 
 the suggestion for I dare say, like us, 
 you are a 'poor community.' But 
 it has been in my mind for some time 
 to approach you on the subject. 
 Sometimes I have thought my dream 
 would come true, and I have pictured 
 a great dedication service at Rowley 
 conducted by the Archbishop of 
 York in the presence of representa- 
 tives from Rowley in America — 
 what a wonderful reunion it would 
 be after two hundred and seventy- 
 five years. As I say, it is only a 
 dream, for the cost of such a memo- 
 rial would be £150. 
 
 Now you must forgive me for 
 digressing in this manner from the 
 consideration of your letter. You 
 ask me for a word of sympathy and 
 greeting from Rowley. Will you 
 please tell your good people that we 
 think of them here, and pray that 
 God may bless them and him who 
 ministers to them? 
 Believe me, 
 
 Yours very sincerely, 
 
 L. D. HiLDYARD, Rector." 
 
 A monument has been erected 
 in Rowley Cemetery to the 
 memory of Rev. Ezekiel Rogers, 
 who was the founder and first 
 minister of our Rowley. He with 
 his company of about twenty 
 families came in the ship "John" 
 of London, sailing from Hull 
 and landing at Boston, New Eng- 
 land, December 2, 1638. The 
 inscription on this monument is 
 so interesting that we are repeat- 
 ing it here : — 
 
 From a photograph 
 
 Kindness Amos Everett Jeivett, Esq 
 
 OLD CEMETERY IN 
 
 MONUMENT IN THE 
 
 ROWLEY, MASSACHUSETTS, 
 
 in memory of Rev. Ezekiel Rogers, a founder and first 
 minister of the town, who had been minister in Rowley, 
 England, for many years. Our town was so nam.ed in his 
 honour. He was a cousin of Rev. John Rogers, who came 
 to Dedham, Massachusetts. Rowley, England, has for 
 some time been considering the placing of a memorial to 
 him there. This monument bears a most interesting in- 
 scription, which is given in the text.
 
 158 ROWLEY, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 Rev. Ezekiel Rogers, 
 
 first minister of Rowley, 
 
 Born at Wethersfield, Essex Co. 
 
 England, a.d. 1590, a minister 
 
 in Rowley Yorkshire 17 years. 
 
 Came to this place with his 
 
 Church and flock in April 
 
 1639, died June 23, 1660. 
 
 This ancient pilgrim nobly bore 
 
 The ark of God, to this lone shore; 
 
 And here, before the throne of Heaven 
 
 The hand was raised, the pledge was given, 
 
 One monarch to obey, one creed to own. 
 
 That monarch, God; that creed. His word alone. 
 
 Here also rest 
 the remains of his wives. 
 
 With him one came with girded heart, 
 Through good and ill to claim her part; 
 In Hfe, in death, with him to seal 
 Her kindred love, her kindred zeal. 
 
 We are told that his sparkling wit, judgment and learning delighted his father so 
 much that at the age of thirteen he was sent to Cambridge. Rogers had lived in 
 Rowley, England, where he served as minister for seventeen years, his piety, wis- 
 dom and eloquence causing people to flock to hear him from all the adjacent regions. 
 Once, we are told, he preached in the stately Minster of York on a public occasion 
 "which he served and suited notably." Rogers and his company wintered in 
 Salem, Ipswich and Boston whence they began to look about for a permanent 
 home, in the meanwhile attending services in Mr. Wilson's First Church in Boston. 
 New Haven had made the colonists tempting offers, but they finally selected a 
 place on the shore between Newbury and Ipswich where they, with about forty 
 other families who had joined them, settled in 1639. The General Court ordered 
 that the following vote be recorded in the State records and the words used 
 appear on the present seal of the town: — 
 
 "The 4th day of the 7th month, 1639. Mr. Ezechi Rogers' plantation shalbee called 
 Rowley." 
 
 The pleasant brook which flows through the center of the town is said to have 
 influenced them in choosing this site and they were probably also influenced by 
 the accessibility to the "lectures" on either side of them in Ipswich and Newbury. 
 Ezekiel's father was Rev. Richard Rogers and the following quaint Knes con- 
 cerning him have survived: — 
 
 ' ' How shall we passe to Canaan now 
 The wilderness is wide 
 Soe full of Tygers Beares and wolves 
 And many a beast besyde
 
 ROWLEY, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 159 
 
 He spared no labour of mynde 
 
 Noe bodilie griefe nor payne 
 
 That tended to his people's good 
 
 And to his master's gayne 
 
 When strength of leggs and feet did fayle 
 
 On horseback he did ride." 
 
 Rev. Ezekiel Rogers was a cousin of Rev. John Rogers of Dedham, England, and 
 Dedham, Massachusetts, a devoted and popular Puritan preacher, whose *' lect- 
 ures" were famous; while his brother Daniel was also a famous Puritan preacher. 
 His family, therefore, was distinguished for its clerical services to the Puritan cause. 
 In 1643, Mr. Rogers had the honour of preaching the election sermon, — "and 
 the ability he showed on this occasion," said Cotton Mather, "made him famous 
 through the whole coimtry." He married for his second wife the daughter of 
 Rev. John Wilson and for his third wife the widow Barker, who, as has been ex- 
 pressed, "was in years agreeable to him." On the very night of his marriage, his 
 house was burned to the ground with all his goods, probably all the church records 
 and the library which he brought from England containing valuable books given 
 to him by his father. The stout- 
 hearted pastor, however, rebuilt 
 his home and restocked his 
 Kbrary. Again misfortune befell 
 him, for he was thrown from his 
 horse and his right arm was 
 broken, causing it to be paralyzed 
 for the rest of his life. Still 
 undaunted, he learned to write 
 with his left hand and continued 
 active until his death which 
 occurred in 1660, Old Style, (1661 
 New Style). He continually 
 preached against all evil fashions 
 and guises of his age, both in 
 apparel and "that general dis- 
 guisement of long ruffian-like 
 hair," as he expressed it. On 
 his death he remembered his 
 friends throughout the Colony 
 and even in England and Hol- 
 land. President Quincy com- 
 memorates him as one of the 
 earliest benefactors of Harvard 
 College. Part of his real estate 
 
 From a photograph Kindnerf Amor Everett Je'retl. t^q. 
 
 COMMUNION CUPS GIVEN BY REV. EZEKIEL 
 
 ROGERS AND OTHERS IN ROWLEY CHURCH, 
 
 ROWLEY, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 Those given by Rev. Mr. Rogers were brought by him 
 from England and given to the church in his will.
 
 i6o 
 
 ROWLEY, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 From a photograph Kindness Amos Everett Jezveit, Esq. 
 
 TABLET IN ROWLEY, MASSACHUSETTS, 
 
 erected by the Jewett Family of America in 191 2, in 
 memory of Maximilian and Joseph Jewett, of Bradford, 
 England, who came over in the ship "John" with Rev. 
 Ezekiel Rogers, founder and first minister of the Massa- 
 chusetts Rowley. 
 
 was bequeathed to support the 
 ministries in our Rowley and 
 also in Byfield and Georgetown 
 nearby. The last item of his 
 will reads: "also to the church 
 my silver bowls, which they 
 used for the communion, to be 
 so used still." These same 
 bowls are still used at the first 
 communion service each year, 
 although they have been re- 
 hammered and their shapes, there- 
 fore, somewhat changed. Rogers 
 was succeeded by Rev. Samuel 
 Phillips, who came from the 
 English town of B oxford. Almost 
 directly across the drive from the 
 Rogers monument in the cemetery 
 is a memorial tablet, shown in 
 one of the illustrations, erected 
 by the Jewett family of America to the first two ancestors of this name who were 
 buried in this cemetery. There are also stones placed here to the memory of two 
 other early settlers in this New England town, John Trumble first of Roxbury, New 
 England, and William Stickney, who came from Frampton, England, to Boston in 
 1638, thence to Rowley. 
 
 One of the interesting pieces of history connected with Rowley is the fact that 
 the little town was able to supply cloth sufficient for the needs of the Colony, when 
 the supply that had been brought over by the colonists from England had failed 
 them. Johnson in his " Wonderworking Providence " speaks of this incident in 
 these words: — 
 
 "These people being very industrious . . . were the first people that set upon 
 making of cloth in this western world, for which end they built a fulling-mill and 
 caused their little ones to be very diligent in spinning cotton wool, many of them having 
 been clothiers in England." 
 
 Governor Winthrop also records that in this manufacture "Rowley to their great 
 commendation exceeded all other towns." The name of the pioneer in the manu- 
 facture of cloth was John Pearson who shipped his cotton from Barbados, his 
 mill continuing to be the property of his family for the next six generations. A 
 cedar post that was brought from England and put into that first mill was still 
 standing and in good condition at the beginning of this century; it was then cut 
 up into rulers, which were deposited in museums and various other places.
 
 ROWLEY, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 i6i 
 
 From a photograph sent to Rowley, Massachusetts, by Rev. L. D. Hildyard, of Rowley, England 
 
 ROWLEY, YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND 
 
 Kindness Amos Everett Jewett, Esq. 
 
 Rowley, England, in the East Riding of Yorkshire, is about seven miles from 
 Beverley and is a small parish, for we learn that it consists chiefly of a church and 
 a school. A visitor on aHghting at Little Weighton and inquiring for the town, 
 received the reply to go ''right awah to your right tUl you come to a gate." An- 
 other traveler to the other side describes a visit to the old parish, where he met 
 Rev. H. C. T. Hildyard, who hastened downstairs to put into the visitor's hands the 
 ancient records and keys of St. Peter's Church, which dates back to the thirteenth 
 century and contains a font that is a century older. A visitor gives in the New 
 England Magazine this description of the church : — 
 
 "A tiny side chapel contains a tablet to Sir Ralph Elleker and his three sons, Ralph, 
 William and Robert, all four of whom were knighted on Flodden Field in 1513 for their 
 gallantry in that battle. But my mind was full of another hero. I thought how this 
 little church was once thronged to hear the true, brave words of Ezekiel Rogers, how dear 
 its ancient memories must have been to one of his cultivated taste, and how he sacrificed 
 all, including a very comfortable salary, rather than do violence to his conscience. The 
 left part of the rectory, as shown in the accompanying illustration, was that of Ezekiel 
 Rogers. The good rector himself is shown in another picture, beneath a venerable larch 
 that probably had shaded Mr. Rogers. The Rowley living is now a family one, and Mr. 
 Hildyard is to be succeeded by his nephew, Rev. Robert Hildyard. He will be the fourth 
 of the name in the rectorship." 
 
 An interesting relic among the Rectory heirlooms is a handsome blanket bearing 
 the date 1733, which has been passed down to each successive Rector for one hundred 
 and seventy-six years.
 
 l62 
 
 SALISBURY, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 OF the New England towns, Salisbury ranks among the earliest, a settlement 
 having been made at Merrimac on the Merrimac River as early as 1638, 
 one of the earliest settlers being Roger Eastman, the ancestor of all of 
 that name in America, who sailed to this country from Southampton, England, on 
 the ship "Confidence." The General Court two years later changed the name of 
 this little settlement to Salisbury as several of the first colonists came from the 
 EngHsh town of the latter name, among the number being the first minister. Rev. 
 William Worcester. It is also believed that one of the deputies present at the 
 session at which the town was named, was Christopher Batt, who came from the 
 English Salisbury. It has been said of the early settlers of the town that they 
 "were men fitted by education to adorn any station" and by their foresight and 
 care the town early became a pioneer along several lines — notably shipbuilding, 
 and later, the slavery agitation. Here was born Daniel Webster's mother, Abigail 
 Eastman, the daughter of Roger Eastman, who was a great-grandson of the early 
 settler. 
 
 There are also SaUsburys in Connecticut, New Hampshire and Vermont. 
 Salisbury, England, at the junction of the Avon and the Wily, is a cathedral 
 city and the capital of Wiltshire. More than seven centuries ago the town and 
 cathedral were transferred to their present location from the windy pinnacle of 
 Old Sarum two miles distant, the direction of the removal, as the tradition goes, 
 being determined by the flight of an arrow. The military and the clergy quar- 
 relled, whereupon the bishops concluded that it was time to move to another local- 
 ity, the present Salisbury (or New Sarum) being chosen for the site of the new 
 cathedral, which is considered to be one of the finest examples of early English 
 architecture, dating from 1220. The following lines give in a novel way some 
 statistics concerning the construction of the building: — 
 
 "As many days as in one year there be, 
 So many windows in this church you see; 
 So many marble pillars here appear 
 As there are hours throughout the fleeting year; 
 As many gates as moons one here may view. 
 Strange tale to tell, yet not more strange than true." 
 
 The town soon grew in importance and in 1227 Henry HI granted a charter to 
 incorporate it, making it a free city. 
 
 Queen Elizabeth, while on her way to Bristol in 1574, stopped at SaHsbury, and 
 here, too, James I frequently came for retreat. When being taken in captivity 
 and to eventual death in London, Sir Walter Raleigh, on reaching Salisbury, 
 feigned madness and leprosy that he might gain an opportunity to write his immor- 
 tal "Apology for the Voyage to Guiana." There King James found him and
 
 SALISBURY, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 163 
 
 L 
 
 Owned by Allan Forbes 
 
 From a print published by J. Briiton, London, 1827 
 
 SALISBURY, ENGLAND, 
 
 showing the Cathedral. 
 
 ordered his immediate removal to London. Charles I also came to Salisbury 
 many times. 
 
 It was at the King's Arms, still standing, that the supporters of Charles II 
 were accustomed to gather when the monarch was in hiding at Heale House. A 
 part of the Old George Inn was built about 1320. It was known in the early 
 days as "Ye Grate Inne of Ye George," and it is said that Shakespeare may have 
 played in the courtyard. Oliver Cromwell slept in the Inn in October, 1645, ^^^ 
 the indefatigable Samuel Pepys refers to it in his diary in these words: "Came to 
 the George Inn where lay in a siLk-bed and a very good diet." 
 
 Nor should the Hterary associations of the old city be forgotten. There appeared 
 the first edition of Goldsmith's "Vicar of Wakefield" and, in the house still stand- 
 ing near St. Anne's Gate, Fielding lived for some time and there wrote a portion of 
 "Tom Jones." The original Thwackum of the novel was one Hele, who was then 
 master of a school in Salisbury, where Addison received his education "after start- 
 ing life as such a frail infant that he had to be baptised on the day he was born." 
 Anthony Trollope also laid the scenes of some of his novels there. 
 
 During the war SaHsbury Plain was the great training ground of the overseas 
 forces of the British Empire and tens of thousands of Canadians, New Zealanders 
 and Australians were constantly thronging the streets of SaHsbury to which thou- 
 sands of American soldiers, no doubt, also found their way.
 
 164 
 
 SHERBORN, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 "There's a little grey-built town 
 'Neath a windy western down, 
 Where the streets of stone-roofed houses stand for centuries the same; 
 In a lap of earth it lies 
 Over-arched by Dorset skies, 
 And a gush of crystal water gives it glory and a name. 
 
 Mighty monarchs, warriors bold, 
 
 Of whose feats the tale is told. 
 Ruled and wrought there in past ages, though by men remembered not, 
 
 Who with valiant deed, or wise, 
 
 Lifted Sherborne to the skies. 
 And their wisdom and their worth remain, the spirit of the spot. 
 
 Great and famous were our sires: 
 
 Let them be as beacon-fires! 
 Nurse we well the glowing embers, lest their splendour be forgot, 
 
 When the pomp has ebbed afar, 
 
 And, like some forsaken star, 
 O'er the heights beloved of Ealdhelm broods the Spirit of the spot!" 
 (Part of the verses written by James Rhoades for the Pageant held in Sherborne, England, in 1905.) 
 
 EARLY in 1905 Francis Bardwell, Esq., Town Clerk of Sherborn, Massachu- 
 setts, wrote a letter to the Vicar of Sherborne, England, the substance of 
 which we quote: — 
 
 "Town of Sherborn, Inc. 1674 
 Office of the Town Clerk, 
 Settled 1652. Sherborn, Mass. 
 
 To THE Rector of the Established Church, Sherborne, Eng. 
 
 Dear Sir: Being Town Clerk of this town and knowing that it was called after the 
 town of Sherborne in England, I write to ask you for information, feeling sure that you can 
 either furnish it yourself, or place this communication in the hands of someone who can. 
 
 This town was settled by Hopestill Layland, Thomas Holbrook, and Nicholas Wood 
 or Woods. Do any of their names appear on the Parish Register or among the Church 
 Records? 
 
 Tradition has it that it was probably named in honor of Henry Adams, who was sup- 
 posed to be a native of Sherborne, Eng. Other Incorporators were Morse, Bullen (or 
 Bolyn), BuUard, Hill, Breck, Fairbanks and Perry. Do any of these names appear on 
 your records? Tradition again says that the word Sherborn is derived from the Saxon 
 and means ' pure water, ' which is singularly true in regard to this town ; is this correct? 
 
 I should very much like to know about our Mother Town, its foundation and history, 
 in order to write down the facts and place them among our town records. 
 
 Is there a history of your town that can be purchased? I would also like to purchase 
 photographs of the Church and of all places of interest for our Public Library here. 
 
 I write you because I think you will perhaps be interested somewhat in this little town 
 of the Colony of Massachusetts Bay and because, when I was abroad in 1895, 1 was searcn- 
 ing concerning my own family (the DeBerdewelles, of Bardwell, Suffolk) and I always 
 found the Rectors and Curates wilhng and pleased to assist. . . . 
 
 With great respect I have the honor to remain 
 
 Your Humble Servant, 
 
 Francis Bardwell, 
 
 Town-Clerk, Sherborn, Mass. U.S.A.'*
 
 SHERBORN, MASSACHUSETTS 165 
 
 The answer from the English town spoke of a forthcoming pageant commemorat- 
 ing the twelve hundredth anniversary of the founding of the town. This unex- 
 pected result of the letter from our Sherborn encouraged Mr. Bardwell again to 
 write to the mother town, as follows: — 
 
 "Sherborn, Mass. March 7th, 1905. 
 To THE Hon. Secretaries, 
 
 Sherborne Pageant, Sherborne, England. 
 
 Gentlemen: — 
 
 The kind letter with enclosures sent me by Mr. Field came duly to hand; I cannot 
 tell you how pleased I was to receive the same. I have delayed in answering until after 
 our Annual Town Meeting on March 6th, because I desired to read the letter to the towns- 
 people there assembled, and request some action. Everybody was interested, and a 
 Committee was immediately chosen to draw up greetings to the Mother town on the 
 occasion of the 1 200th anniversary. These greetings will be forwarded to you shortly. 
 I send you by this mail a copy of the Boston Transcript, in which I have called the atten- 
 tion of the readers to the celebration. This paper has a very broad circulation, and reaches 
 everyone interested in genealogical research in the United States. 
 
 I cannot tell you how interested I am personally in this matter, and how much it 
 means to this little town, which is, let me assure you, a worthy daughter of so illustrious a 
 mother. 
 
 The text of the Folk-play which Mr. Field so kindly sent me I shall have bound and 
 placed in our Town Library. 
 
 I wish it were so that some of our townspeople could be present at your celebration, 
 and perhaps it can be arranged; anyway our hearts are with you, and we reach out to 
 clasp your hands across the sea. 
 
 Believe me, with the best of good wishes. 
 
 Most sincerely, 
 
 Francis Bardwell, 
 
 Town Clerk of Sherborn.'' 
 
 This note was followed in a few months by still another letter expressing the 
 greeting of Sherborn, Massachusetts, on the twelve hundredth anniversary of the 
 town of Sherborne, England: — 
 
 "Sherborn, Mass. May 26, 1905. 
 To the Hon. Secretaries, 
 
 The Sherborne Pageant, The Parade, Sherborne, Dorset. 
 
 Gentlemen: — 
 
 It is my pleasure to inform you that, for and in behalf of this Town of Sherborn, 
 Massachusetts, I sent you today by the American Express our town's formal greeting 
 on the occasion of the 1200th Anniversary of the Foundation of the Mother Town. 
 
 I regret exceedingly that our Town has not chosen an accredited representative to bear 
 these greetings and to be with you at this time, for this anniversary means so much to our 
 Town, the foundation of whose existence found root in English soil. 
 
 When we look back upon the beginning of this Town and think of the character of its 
 founders, and through them and their influence in the building of a second great English 
 speaking nation, we have profound respect for the Mother Country which reared such 
 sterling men. There is something firm, resolute, fearless, and trustworthy in the New 
 England character, and this is our heritage from those who came from Old England to 
 establish new homes in a strange land. 
 
 So then at this time, one of the most remarkable epochs in the history of your ancient
 
 i66 SHERBORN, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 Town, when strangers throng your thoroughfares and marvel at your Historic Pageant, 
 be assured that although an ocean separates us, still your kinsfolk in this little town, your 
 American daughter, feel pride in your great Anniversary, and wish you all joy in your 
 festivities, and the heartiest sentiments of prosperity for your future. 
 With much esteem, I have the honor to be 
 
 Yours with respect, 
 
 Francis Bardwell, 
 
 Town Clerk of Sherborn.^' 
 
 The formal greeting reads as follows: — 
 
 "To THE Town of Sherborne, Dorset, England, 
 
 From her American Namesake the Town of Sherborn, in Massachusetts. 
 
 Greeting — Our forefathers, men of indomitable spirit and God-fearing ancestry, made 
 their habitation in the wilderness, and, with the homefeeling strong within them, gave to 
 their new abode the ancient name of Sherborn. We, their descendants, have received 
 with filial pride tidings of the forthcoming celebration of the twelve hundredth anniversary 
 of the founding of the Mother Town. Your glorious record of traditions and memories 
 of a thousand years we deem our common heritage. 
 
 We greet you on this memorable occasion with a message of esteem and good will, 
 trusting that the ties of a common blood and a common tongue may, through the advanc- 
 ing ages, more closely bind town to town and nation to nation. May the spirit that existed 
 in the eighth century in Old England, and that in the seventeenth century found echo in 
 the wilds of New England, be an inspiration to all our lineage. And may the coming years 
 bring to all peace, prosperity, and happiness, by the grace of God, who for twelve hundred 
 years has cherished the people of St. Ealdhelm's honoured town. 
 
 Done pursuant to a vote passed at the annual town meeting held March the sixth, in 
 the year of Our Lord, One Thousand Nine Hundred and Five. 
 
 Inhabitants of the Town of Sherborn, Massachusetts, 
 
 By its Committee, 
 
 Francis Bardwell, 
 Robert H. Leland, 
 Charles O. Littlefield." 
 
 This greeting from Sherborn was read by a herald on horseback at the end of the 
 pageant, being received with great applause, and it was also read a second time in 
 Sherborne Abbey. It turned out, however, that our town was represented in three 
 different ways. First of all, a Miss Holbrook, who was a direct descendant of 
 Thomas Holbrook, one of the original settlers of our Sherborn, went all the way 
 from her home here in order to be present at the celebration in Sherborne, England. 
 Secondly, — on one day of the pageant, Sherborn, Massachusetts, was officially 
 represented by Lorin Andrews, Esq., U.S. Consul at Bristol, England. Thirdly, — 
 it was discovered that the daughter of L. N. Parker, Esq., was a direct descendant 
 of Richard Parker who originally owned the land comprised in our Sherborn that 
 was sold to the immigrants who came from Sherborne, England. This interesting 
 information was brought to light by Miss Holbrook and was not known, curiously 
 enough, at the time Miss Parker was chosen for one of the most important parts 
 in the festival. It may be interesting to mention that Louis Napoleon Parker, Esq.,
 
 SHERBORN, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 167 
 
 F7^^Sherborner'publisheTbiMcCan;^;Sh^^n. Kindness Francis Bard^ell, Es,. and Henry G. Vau.han, Esq. 
 
 LONG STREET AND CONDUIT, SHERBORNE, ENGLAND, 
 
 showing Sherborne Abbey in the background. 
 At thP nafreant held in the English town in 1905, at which the Massachusetts Sherborn was represented, a 
 messagSom Ehe MassaA^^^^^^^ was read'i^. the Abbey. The New England town is spelled without 
 
 the final "e." 
 
 was the music master of the Sherborne School and is well known on account of being 
 the author of the plays "DisraeH," ''Rosemary" and ''Pomander Walk." He was 
 chiefly responsible for the great success of this celebration. The last scene of the 
 pageant represented the English Sherborne with the British emblem and the 
 American Sherborn with the Massachusetts coat of arms standing together on a 
 pedestal, and below them were four girls carrying a model of Sherborne Abbey, while 
 four boys dressed as Indians had with them a model of the "Mayflower." This 
 picture is shown on the next page. The two towns then embraced while the band 
 played "The Star-Spangled Banner" and "God Save the King." Many tableaux 
 were presented which showed the history of the old town, among the most interest- 
 ing being St. Ealdhelm receiving the pastoral staff from King Ina; Bishop Ealhstan 
 defeating the Danes; Death of King Ethelbald; Bishop Ealhstan blessing the boy 
 Alfred; Bishop Wulfsy and monks; William the Conqueror removing the See to 
 Sarum'; Bishop Roger of Caen laying the foundation stone of Sherborne Castle; 
 Foundation of the Hospital of St. John; Sherborne School receiving its charter and 
 Sir Walter Raleigh's arrival in Sherborne. Sir Walter Raleigh is closely associated 
 with Sherborne, for it was in the castle given to him by Queen Elizabeth in 1599 
 that he spent some of the happiest years of his life. Vicar W. F. Lyon in writing
 
 From the "Story of the Sherborne Pageant Produced in the Old Castle Ruins at Sherborne in 
 
 June, IQ05 " 
 
 By Cecil P. Godden, Barrister-at-Law 
 
 Kindness Francis Bardwell, Esq. 
 and Henry G. Vaughan, Esq. 
 
 SHERBORNE, ENGLAND, AND SHERBORN, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 Final tableau of a pageant held in Sherborne, England, in 1905, to celebrate the twelve hundredth anni- 
 versary of that town. The lady at the right, holding the American flag in one hand and the arms of Mas- 
 sachusetts in the other, is a descendant of Richard Parker, one of the original settlers of Sherborn, Massa- 
 chusetts. One of the Indian boys is holding a model of the "Mayflower." The pageant was held on 
 the grounds of Sherborne Castle.
 
 SHERBORN, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 169 
 
 From a photograph by'F.Frith &■ Co., Surrey, England 
 
 SHERBORNE CASTLE 
 
 Kindness Ian Forbes- Robertson, Esq. 
 
 SHERBORNE, ENGLAND 
 
 The older part of this building was built by Sir Walter Raleigh. In these grounds the pageant of 1905 was 
 held, at which time the Massachusetts town was represented, as shown in another illustration. 
 
 from the Sherborne Vicarage in 1903 to our Sherborn told the story of the building 
 by Sir Walter Raleigh of the present residence of the Lords of the Manor in Sher- 
 borne. There is a seat in these grounds upon which Sir Walter was smoking some 
 tobacco which he had just introduced into the country. The smoke exuding from 
 his mouth caused his servant to think that his master was on fire, whereupon he 
 threw a jug of beer over him to put it out. 
 
 The word ''Sherborne" is supposed to be derived from "Scir," meaning clear, 
 and "Burne," meaning a brook or spring, the monks having caUed the place Fons 
 Limpidus, signifying "the clear spring." In 705 a.d. it was the seat of a bishopric 
 founded by Ina, King of the West Saxons, with his kinsman Ealdhelm, Abbot of 
 Malmesbury, occupying the position of first Bishop of Sherborne. This EngUsh 
 town, lying in the most picturesque part of Dorsetshire and once the capital 
 city of Wessex, is celebrated to-day for its magnificent abbey, its flourishing 
 school and its two picturesque castles. 
 
 The pageant took place near the ruins of the old Castle which was founded by 
 Roger of Caen, Bishop of Sarum and Abbot of Sherborne. 
 
 Our Sherborn was settled in 1652 and incorporated in 1674 when it was first 
 called Shearborn, the first settlement having been at "Bogestow." The present
 
 lyo 
 
 SHERBORN, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 historian of Sherborn believes the name of his town was given in deference to John 
 Hull, the "Mint Master," who owned an original grant of land. He was not born in 
 Sherborne, England, but his family was closely associated with Raleigh, who knew 
 Sherborne so well. 
 
 SPRINGFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 WILLIAM PYNCHON of the little parish of Springfield, England, would 
 be pleased and doubtless much surprised if he could see the great city 
 of Springfield, Massachusetts, which was founded by him. It would 
 seem as if the people of our Springfield should place a special memorial to him in 
 addition to the memorial in the Peabody Cemetery which has been dedicated 
 to the Pynchon family. Some years ago, we are told by W. F. Adams, Esq., 
 President of the Connecticut Valley Historical Society, the children of one of the 
 schools of Springfield subscribed eight dollars to start a fund to erect a proper 
 memorial to this early pioneer. There are some additional funds amounting to 
 one hundred and sixty dollars which have been collected by the Historical Society, 
 
 Kindness W. F. Adams, Esq. 
 
 PYNCHON FAMILY MEMORIAL IN THE PEABODY CEMETERY, SPRINGFIELD, 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 William Pynchon was rector of All Saints Church in Springfield, England, and in his honour our city of 
 
 Springfield, Massachusetts, was so named.
 
 SPRINGFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 171 
 
 From a photograph Kindness If. F. Adams, Esq. 
 
 ALL SAINTS CHURCH, SPRINGFIELD, ESSEX COUNTY, ENGLAND, 
 
 of which Wilham Pynchon, founder of the city of Springfield, Massachusetts, was warden, and after which 
 All Saints Church, Springfield, Massachusetts, was designed and named. 
 
 also a private subscription of one thousand dollars for this purpose and doubtless 
 some day the rest of the fund will be raised by the people of Springfield. 
 
 WiUiam Pynchon was educated at Oxford, was one of the patentees named in 
 the charter of the Colony of Massachusetts Bay, dated 1628, and was connected 
 with the government of the company before it was transferred to America. He 
 lived in Springfield, England, and while there was warden of All Saints Church for 
 which All Saints Church in Springfield, Massachusetts, was named and from which 
 it was also designed. He came over with his wife and four children in the "Jewel," 
 one of Winthrop's fleet, in 1630 and during his first year in Massachusetts he founded 
 Roxbury and became the treasurer of the colony. He believed that it was possi- 
 ble to get large returns by trading with the Indians on the banks of the Connecticut 
 and he recommended, therefore, that his fellow-townspeople establish a new set- 
 tlement there. Accordingly, the inhabitants of Roxbury in 1635 were granted 
 leave to "remove themselves to any place they should think 'meet.'" 
 
 Springfield possesses the original declaration dated May 14, 1636, under which 
 the settlement was begun, a few settlers, however, having occupied the lands near 
 here a year or two before. The names of the earliest settlers are William Pynchon, 
 Miles Morgan, Henry Smith, EHzur Holyoke, Henry Burt, Lieutenant Thomas 
 Cooper, John Pynchon, Deacon Samuel Chapin and Richard Sikes. Other impor- 
 tant people in the town in later years were the Brewer, Dwight and Bliss families. 
 
 This change to Connecticut proved profitable, for Pynchon was soon able to
 
 172 
 
 SPRINGFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 From a photograph Kindness W. F. Adams, Esq. 
 
 ALL SAINTS CHURCH, SPRINGFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS, 
 named for the church of the same name in Springfield, England. 
 
 ship to England more than one thousand dollars' worth of beaver skins. River 
 fishing also became very profitable to these settlers, and at one time shad were so 
 common that a man on being hired was compelled to agree to eat one shad a cer- 
 tain number of times a week. 
 
 In 1640 the name of the town was changed from the plantation of ''Agawam" 
 to Springfield, in honour, of course, of Pynchon, being therefore, the first town to 
 be settled in Massachusetts west of Boston, Cambridge and Watertown. It is 
 interesting to mention, perhaps, that for one hundred years after the settlement the 
 Connecticut River was still spoken of as the "Great River." 
 
 The latter part of William Pynchon 's life was unfortunate, for a book written 
 by him that appeared in London, England, was so severely criticised that he was 
 forced to leave this country permanently and to return to England in the year 
 1652. Much correspondence ensued between England and our Springfield with 
 the final result that the book was burned in Boston by order of the General Court. 
 
 Pynchon bought land in Wraysbury, just below Windsor Castle, where he lived 
 until he died in 1662. We give a picture of the Pynchon tablet placed in the 
 church in Writtle, England, and also another showing the interior of the church 
 in Wraysbury, England, where William Pynchon was buried. Pynchon's son, 
 John, took his father's place in Springfield, Massachusetts, and it has often been 
 said that they have been to that city what the Adams family has been to Massa-
 
 SPRINGFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 173 
 
 From "Springfield" by Mason A. Green 
 
 THE PYNCHON TABLET IN 
 WRITTLE, ENGLAND, 
 
 to the memory of ancestors of William 
 Pynchon. 
 
 Kindness W. F. Adams, Esq. 
 
 INTERIOR OF THE CHURCH IN WRAYSBURY, 
 ENGLAND, 
 
 where William Pynchon, founder of Springfield, Mas- 
 sachusetts, is buried. 
 
 chusetts and to the country. It is also an interesting fact that the Pynchon family 
 is still prominent to-day in Springfield, Massachusetts, and as there are fourteen 
 towns in this country named for Roxbury and thirteen towns named for Spring- 
 field, WilUam Pynchon deserves a foremost position in the history of New England. 
 The first minister of the Springfield colony was Rev. George Moxon who was 
 installed as pastor in 1638. The first parish meeting-place was not erected, how- 
 ever, until 1645, 3-nd it is said to be the first building devoted to religious worship 
 in this State west of Boston and its vicinity; it was, of course, the beginning of 
 the First Church of Springfield, the present church building not being erected 
 until 18 19 when Court Square was laid out as a park. Near this church, on State 
 Street, is the well-known St. Gaudens statue of "The Puritan" erected by Chester 
 W. Chapin, Esq., in memory of Deacon Samuel Chapin, one of the founders of 
 the city. Deacon Chapin was one of the first selectmen, was deacon of the first 
 church and, with Pynchon and Elizur Holyoke, was one of the first magistrates of 
 the town. In Court Square is also a statue of Miles Morgan of Bristol, England,
 
 SPRINGFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS 17S 
 
 one of the pioneer band who with Pynchon and Chapin settled in the town in 
 1636. It is interesting to mention that Miles Morgan married in Beverly, Massa- 
 chusetts; and it is said that the bride and groom were obliged to return to 
 Springfield on foot carrying with them muskets and household articles. 
 
 Traffic on the Connecticut River has been discussed continually and at one of 
 the Springfield celebrations this poem, written by Charles H. Barrows, Esq., en- 
 titled "To the New Connecticut," was read; it gives a very exaggerated idea, 
 however, of the possibilities of navigation on this fine river: — 
 
 "Let every sleeper waken 
 And all the waking shout, 
 Let measures prompt be taken 
 To dredge the harbour out. 
 
 Then silent keep, doubter, 
 
 We all shall live to see 
 A thoroughfare by water 
 
 From Springfield to the sea. 
 
 Soon the white wings of Commerce 
 
 Will at our port be found, 
 And as one sign of promise 
 
 We will let Long Island ' Sound.' 
 
 We'll keep sperm whales, we dreamers, 
 
 In flocks, at Windsor Locks, 
 When European steamers 
 
 Tie up at Springfield docks." 
 
 Springfield, England, is the eastern suburb of Chehnsford. Here is situated the 
 County Gaol, a gloomy building enlarged in recent years for the accommodation 
 of the "guests" consigned to it, but once past this depressing place Springfield is 
 pleasing and cheerful. Its long street, where the quaint sign of the "Three Cups" 
 stands out, gives place to suburban villas with their attractive grounds. The 
 parish church of All Saints is shown on page 171. Goldsmith lived in the town for 
 some time while writing "The Deserted Village." 
 
 Other New England towns by the name of Springfield are in Maine, New 
 Hampshire and Vermont.
 
 176 
 
 o 
 
 STRATFORD, CONNECTICUT 
 
 LIVER WENDELL HOLMES wrote the following poem which was read 
 at the dedication of the Shakespeare Memorial Fountain at Stratford-on- 
 Avon in the year 1887: — 
 
 "Land of our Fathers, ocean makes us two, 
 
 But heart to heart is true! 
 Proud is your towering daughter in the West, 
 Yet in her burning life-blood reign confest 
 Her mother's pulses beating in her breast. 
 This holy fount, whose rills from heaven descend, 
 
 Its gracious drops shall lend — 
 Both foreheads bathed in that baptismal dew, 
 And love make one the old home and the new!" 
 
 On this occasion Henry Irving made the principal speech and there was also read 
 a letter from James Russell Lowell, which expressed his behef that the dust that is 
 sacred to the EngHshman is not the less sacred to the American. This memorial, 
 the gift of George W. Childs of Philadelphia, during the jubilee year of Queen 
 Victoria, was placed in the old Rother Market, not far from Shakespeare's birth- 
 place in Henley Street. One of the inscriptions on this fountain records these words 
 of Washington Irving: "Ten thousand blessings on the bard who has gilded the 
 dull reaUties of Hfe with innocent illusions." 
 
 Other places of interest to the visitor in this ancient Warwickshire town, besides 
 the birthplace and the fountain, are Anne Hathaway 's cottage; New Place, where 
 once stood the house in which the dramatist Hved and died; the Shakespeare Memo- 
 rial Theatre, Library and Picture Gallery, where performances of his plays are given 
 each year on his birthday — the dramatic season extending over three or four weeks; 
 and his tomb in Holy Trinity Church, visited each year by thousands of tourists. 
 It may be of interest to mention that in the south end of the Clopton Chapel of this 
 church is a window, which was bought with contributions made by visitors from the 
 United States, and is hence known as the American window. Of the Americans 
 who have been fascinated by the old town, we may mention Washington Irving and 
 Nathaniel Hawthorne, who spent much time hngering "on Avon's banks, whose 
 streams appear to wind with eddies fond round Shakespeare's tomb," to quote 
 from a poem written by John G. Cooper. This beautiful river in its relation to 
 Shakespeare is also well described by Longfellow : — 
 
 "Flow on, sweet river! like his verse 
 Who lies beneath this sculptured hearse; 
 Nor wait beside the churchyard wall 
 For him who cannot hear thy call." 
 
 Washington Irving has made famous the Red Horse Hotel where he so often stayed 
 and where he wrote his "Sketch Book." There is also the Shakespeare Hotel,
 
 STRATFORD, CONNECTICUT 
 
 177 
 
 the building dating back to 
 the fourteenth century. Its 
 old sign upon which appears 
 Shakespeare's portrait and this 
 legend, "Take him for all in 
 all, we shall not look upon 
 his like again," is now shown 
 inside the hotel. Even the 
 bedrooms are named after some 
 of his plays, while the bar was 
 once, and probably still is, 
 decorated by these appropriate 
 words, "Measure for measure." 
 Another point of interest, of 
 course, is Harvard House, the 
 early home of the mother of 
 John Harvard, described in 
 Part I under Cambridge. 
 
 It is told on good authority 
 that the great American show- 
 man, P. T. Barnum of Bridge- 
 port, Stratford's neighboring 
 city, once endeavored to pur- 
 chase Shakespeare's birthplace 
 to exhibit at his circuses in 
 this country, while at another 
 time some German professors 
 asked permission to examine 
 Shakespeare's brain to deter- 
 mine whether its size was 
 in proportion to his genius. 
 This last request was made 
 in spite of the fact that the poet himself is said to have requested that this verse 
 should be cut on his tombstone : — 
 
 "Good frend for Jesus sake forbeare, 
 To digg the dust encloased heare: 
 Bleste be y*^ man y' spares thes stones, 
 And curst be he y*^ moves my bones." 
 
 The Connecticut town is mindful of the fact that it is named for William Shake- 
 speare's home across the seas and, in his memory and as a further recognition of 
 the common literature and heritage of the two countries, the donor of the Stratford 
 
 I'koto^rapked by Douglas McNeill, 
 Sir atjord-on- Avon 
 
 Kindness Ian Forbes -Roberison, Esq. 
 
 SHAKESPEARE FOUNTAIN, STRATFORD-ON-AVON, 
 ENGLAND, 
 
 presented by George W. Childs, of Philadelphia. It was dedi- 
 cated in 1887, the jubilee year of Queen Victoria, the principal 
 speech being made by Henry Irving. A letter from James 
 Russell Lowell was read at the dedication, as well as a poem 
 written especially for the occasion by Oliver Wendell Holmes.
 
 178 
 
 STRATFORD, CONNECTICUT 
 
 Photographed by George B. Brayton From rn old drawing by J. Brandard, ouned by J. Murray Forbes, Etq. 
 
 SHAKESPEARE'S BIRTHPLACE, STRATFORD-ON-AVON, ENGLAND 
 
 Library, Birdseye Blakeman, a native son of the New England Stratford, placed a 
 Shakespeare rose window, with the poet's bust in the center, in the Library when 
 it was built in 1896. Ttds building, which is situated near the old burial place 
 that was set off in 1670, contains a tablet with this inscription: — 
 
 IN MEMORY or 
 
 Six generations of ancestors 
 
 residents of Stratford 
 
 posterity of 
 
 Rev. Adam Blakeman 
 
 1598-1665 
 
 Dea. John Birdseye 
 
 1616-1690 
 
 This ground was dedicated 
 
 and this house built 
 
 by 
 
 Birdseye Blakeman 
 
 1824-1894
 
 STRATFORD, CONNECTICUT 
 
 179 
 
 a photograph Kindness Miss Frances B. Russell 
 
 STRATFORD LIBRARY, STRATFORD, CONNECTICUT 
 
 The Shakespeare window shown in another illustration is the circular window appearing above. 
 
 This earliest Blakeman ancestor was a graduate of Oxford University and was such 
 a learned man that he believed the English language was not a suitable vehicle to 
 express a scholar's work, preferring Latin Uke many others of his day. Another of 
 the earhest settlers in this Connecticut town was William Beardsley, who lived in 
 the EngKsh Stratford during the days when Shakespeare was alive; who probably 
 when a boy witnessed the bard's funeral and who is said to have brought across 
 the waters the name of Stratford for our town. A few years ago his connection 
 with Stratford-on-Avon was estabhshed by one of his descendants, Mrs. Margaret 
 Beardsley De Lacour, a native of the Connecticut Stratford, who found his record 
 in the parish register there. The town of Avon in New York State was named 
 for the English river by descendants of Beardsley. Other well-known names of 
 the earliest settlers are Curtiss, Fairchild, Hurd, Peat, Sherwood, Wells and Wil- 
 coxson. Two other Englishmen who took a great interest in the New England 
 town were Thomas Welles and his brother John, who are ancestors of this family 
 now living in our Stratford. It may be of interest to record that the first wife of
 
 i8o 
 
 STRATFORD, CONNECTICUT 
 
 From a photograph 
 
 Kindness Miss Frances B. Russell 
 
 Thomas Welles (who became a 
 governor of Connecticut) was 
 EHzabeth Foote, daughter of John 
 Dening of England, who is sup- 
 posed to have been related to 
 Shakespeare. A further proof of 
 this relationship is the fact that 
 Dame Elizabeth, wife of Sir John 
 Berrod and grand-daughter of the 
 celebrated poet, requested in her 
 will that £50 be given to her 
 cousin Thomas Welles. 
 
 In the record of the descend- 
 ants of the widow EHzabeth Cur- 
 tiss who settled in Stratford, 
 Connecticut, 1639-40, which was 
 compiled by Frederic Haines 
 Curtiss, Chairman and Federal 
 Reserve Agent of the Federal 
 Reserve Bank of Boston, is 
 found the following: "John 
 Curtis of London, England, had 
 his coat of arms described below, confirmed May 9, 1632, just forty- two days 
 before Wilham Curtis of Roxbury sailed for New England." In a note of the 
 inhabitants of Roxbury 1638-40 appears the name of John Corteis, but in 
 1639 John Curtis was a resident of Wethersfield, Connecticut. In 1640 John 
 Curtis left Wethersfield for Cuphag (Stratford) and his name disappears, but 
 we find the widow Elizabeth Curtiss and her two sons on the earliest records 
 of Stratford. The records of the College of Heraldry in London, England, 
 show that the coat of arms was confirmed to John Curtis of London, Gent., 
 son of William Curtis of Hatton in the county of Warwick, Gent., son of 
 Eustace Curtiss of Malestock — spelled also Makestock and Makestoke — in the 
 said county, Gent., son of William, who was son and heir of John Curtis of 
 Malestock aforesaid, Gent. 
 
 The Curtis family was from all accounts one of the most prominent among the 
 first settlers of Stratford and it has been claimed that they suggested naming the 
 town after Stratford-on-Avon, England. If this be true, it adds another proof 
 towards the acceptance of the pedigree with the coat of arms, for Makestoke and 
 Hatton were but small hamlets and Stratford-on-Avon was the nearest town of any 
 size. That the name of Curtiss was well known in Shakespeare's town is shown 
 by the fact that the poet used it for one of the characters in "The Taming of the 
 
 SHAKESPEARE WINDOW IN THE STRATFORD 
 LIBRARY, STRATFORD, CONNECTICUT, 
 
 placed there by Birdseye Blakeman, donor of the library, 
 who was a descendant of Rev. Adam Blakeman, one of 
 the earliest settlers in this New England town.
 
 STRATFORD, CONNECTICUT i8i 
 
 Shrew." Thomas Alsop and Richard Booth are also supposed to have been natives 
 of Stratford-on-Avon, and as the Earl of Warwick had letters patent to that part 
 of Connecticut, it is more than probable that many of the early settlers throughout 
 the colony were from Warwickshire. The Beardsley, Booth and Curtis families 
 are still largely represented in the Connecticut town, there being at least twenty- 
 five famihes of the latter name. Judge Howard J. Curtis of the Supreme Court of 
 Connecticut, who is also the President of the Stratford Library Association, is one 
 of the many descendants. 
 
 The Art League in the nearby city of Bridgeport, once part of Stratford, Con- 
 necticut, has recognized the city's former connection with old Stratford by build- 
 ing m Beardsley Park a reproduction of the Anne Hathaway Cottage. 
 
 In 1896, Rev. N. Ellsworth Cornwall, then Rector of Christ Church in Stratford, 
 Connecticut, visited the EngHsh Stratford and preached in Holy Trinity Church 
 where, in the chancel, lie the ashes of the famous poet. On leaving, he was pre- 
 sented by the Vicar, Rev. G. Arbuthnot, with a flag of the Church of England and 
 a tile from the chancel of Trinity Church which was then being repaired; the tile 
 has attached to it the following presentation: "This ancient tile was found under 
 the stalls of Stratford-on-Avon Church when the chancel was restored a few years 
 ago. It is presented to the Rector of Stratford, Connecticut, N. Ellsworth Corn- 
 wall, by the Vicar of Stratford-on-Avon, G. Arbuthnot, who hopes that it may be 
 preserved as a sHght mark of the unity and concord which prevail between the 
 Episcopal Church of America and the Church of England. XII Sunday after 
 Trinity MDCCCXCVI." 
 
 Christ Church celebrated its bicentennial in 1907 and at that time the Rev. G. 
 Arbuthnot sent the following letter of greeting to the Rev. N. Ellsworth Cornwall:— 
 
 "The Vicarage, 
 Stratford-on-Avon, 
 May 18, 1907. 
 
 Rev. N. E. Cornwall, 
 Christ Church Rectory, 
 Stratford, Conn., U.S.A. 
 My dear Rector, 
 
 I am much obliged to you for sending me the paper with the most interesting account 
 of the proceedings at Stratford in connection with its anniversary, and I write to extend 
 to you and to your congregation the fraternal greetings of Stratford in the Old Country. 
 I hope we may some day have the pleasure of seeing you here again, and when that takes 
 place that you will spend a Sunday with us and occupy my pulpit. It is indeed pleasant 
 to think that the membership of the one Catholic Church can bridge over so many miles 
 of ocean. 
 
 With kind regards and renewed thanks for your remembrance, I remam. 
 
 Yours very truly, 
 
 G. Arbuthnot." 
 
 Some years later, in April 191 1, at the annual Shakespeare festival in Stratford- 
 on-Avon, Mr. H. Snowden Ward, a well-known lecturer on Shakespeare, carried a
 
 1 82 STRATFORD, CONNECTICUT 
 
 greeting to the Shakespeare Club of the English town from a number of Shakespeare 
 Clubs in America, including the one in Cambridge, Massachusetts, the Twentieth 
 Century Club and the Art Club in Boston, Massachusetts, and the Stratford Library 
 in Connecticut. At this meeting Mr. Ward declared that he represented Strat- 
 ford, Connecticut, the first of this name in America. This New England town at 
 the same time sent a wreath to be placed on Shakespeare's tomb and also two greet- 
 ings in verse written by residents of our town. One of the greetings was written 
 by Arthur Powell, a resident of the Connecticut Stratford, who was born in War- 
 wickshire and who is a descendant of the Quincy family, one of whom, Thomas 
 Quincy, married Judith Shakespeare. He, therefore, can claim relationship with 
 Shakespeare. The other greeting was written by Louise de Forest Shelton and is 
 quoted below: — 
 
 "A Greeting to Stratford-on-Avon 
 
 FROM Stratford, Connecticut, U.S.A. 
 
 From this Stratford in New England 
 
 Send we greeting o'er the sea 
 
 To old Stratford-on-the-Avon 
 
 For this week's festivity. 
 
 As you honour the great Poet 
 
 We would send our homage, too, 
 
 From this small New England village — 
 
 Stratford Shakespeare never knew. 
 
 But we treasure on our bookshelves 
 
 Shakespeare's spirit — heart and thought — 
 
 And we feel a closer kinship 
 
 For the name the Settlers brought 
 
 From that England where our forbears 
 
 Lived and loved, before they came 
 
 To this strange and unknown country, 
 
 Bringing a familiar name. 
 
 As you sing the Poet's praises. 
 
 We in spirit join the throng — 
 
 From this Stratford of the New World 
 
 Comes an echo of your song. 
 
 Kinship, friendship, even greater 
 
 Is the tie that binds us fast — 
 
 Proud are we to be the namesake 
 
 Born from out so great a Past." 
 
 There is also a Stratford in New Hampshire.
 
 i83 
 
 SUDBURY, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 WHEN Sudbury celebrated its two hundred and fiftieth anniversary, the 
 presiding officer introduced Dr. Brooke Herford, an Englishman, then 
 minister of the Arlington Street Church, Boston. "I know," said the 
 presiding officer, "one fact that interests us to-day, and that is that the name of 
 our town of Sudbury was taken from the town of Sudbury in England. Our 
 settlers were Englishmen; we are descendants from these representative men, and 
 we are fortunate to-day in having with us an Englishman, a representative Enghsh- 
 man. . . . Dr. Brooke Herford." Dr. Herford in his response emphasized this 
 fact: "I am here to answer for England, as I have been chosen for that purpose. 
 In the speeches that have been made it seems to me that England has most of the 
 glory for what has been done, for it was carefully emphasized that they were 
 Enghshmen who came to settle this part of the country." 
 
 To the rich lands bordering the Musketahquid, now the Sudbury River, English 
 settlers came in 1638, having previously made plans in Watertown for forming this 
 settlement. The land was purchased from the Indians, and the town incorporated 
 in 1639, being called Sudbury for the mother town in England. Of a splendid 
 type of the historic Puritan were these pioneers in the region of Musketahquid — 
 men of such sterling qualities as Walter Haynes, Peter Noyce, John Blandford, 
 John Bent and John Rutter, all of whom were passengers in the ship "Confidence" 
 that sailed from Southampton, England. 
 
 To-day the historic town of Sudbury is sought by visitors from many lands, 
 and the old Wayside Inn, one of the most delightful places of interest in the town, 
 is made memorable by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow in these words:— 
 
 "One autumn night, in Sudbury town, 
 Across the meadows bare and brown, 
 The windows of the Wayside Inn 
 Gleamed red with firelight through the leaves 
 Of woodbine, hanging from the eaves 
 Their crimson curtains rent and thin. 
 As ancient is this hostelry 
 As any in the land may be. 
 Built in the old Colonial day, 
 When men lived in a grander way, 
 With ampler hospitality; 
 A kind of old Hobgoblin Hall, 
 Now somewhat fallen to decay. 
 With weather-stains upon the wall, 
 And stairways worn, and crazy doors, 
 And creaking and uneven floors. 
 And chimneys huge, and tiled and tall." 
 
 There is also a Sudbury in Vermont. 
 
 Sudbury, England, is in SufTolk County, and is principally noted for its three
 
 1 84 
 
 SUDBURY, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 Photographed by Charles F. Emeny Kindness Ian Forbes-Robertson, Esq. 
 
 GAINSBOROUGH'S BIRTHPLACE IN SUDBURY, ENGLAND 
 
 historic churches. St. Gregory's Church attracts the most attention for it is 
 reputed that here reposes the head of that unfortunate Simon of Sudbury, the 
 Archbishop of Canterbury, who was beheaded in 138 1 by Wat Tyler's mob. He 
 had previously rebuilt much of this church in which the head is so often viewed by 
 the curious and lovers of the grewsome. His body is laid beneath the altar-stone 
 in Canterbury Cathedral. St. Gregory's Church stands on the site of an earlier 
 Saxon church of wood. A curious tombstone dated 1706, in St. Anne's Chapel 
 commemorating a certain Thomas Carter, states that on the day on which he 
 breathed his last "a Sudbury camel passed through the eye of a needle." 
 
 Old Sudbury's greatest man was the son of a clothier and has come down in 
 history as Thomas Gainsborough, the painter. He was born there in 1727 in 
 the house shown above and there is also a statue of him in the town. At 
 the back of this building was an orchard from which fruit was constantly being 
 stolen and no one was able to catch the thief. Gainsborough early in Hfe proved 
 his deftness with a pencil, by sketching the man as he scaled the fence to climb a 
 pear tree. The young artist had risen early to work in a summer house that ad- 
 joined the orchard and thus had a very good view of the thief. His sketch was 
 so realistic that every one recognized it as a Sudbury man and ever after the picture 
 was known as "Tom Peartree's Portrait." When the painter became famous he 
 frequently returned to his native town, and many of his paintings are called "a 
 view near Sudbury." In the Grammar School are his initials deep cut beneath a 
 caricature of his master, and his birthplace still stands in the town.
 
 SUDBURY, MASSACHUSETTS 185 
 
 The name "Sudbury" is of Saxon origin and comes from South Burgh. 
 Records show that its charter was granted during the reign of Queen Mary. The 
 town contains some beautiful examples of timbered houses with overhanging 
 upper stories. 
 
 TAUNTON, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 "We cannot name them in our song, 
 But cherish in our heart, 
 And in old Taunton's fair renown 
 Would bear a filial part." 
 
 (Part of a poem written by Mrs. Eleanor S. Deane on the two hundred and fiftieth anniversary 
 of the settlement of Taunton.) 
 
 IN 1890 Judge Edmund H. Bennett, first Mayor of Taunton, Massachusetts, 
 visited Taunton, England, this being one of the first, if not the first, of the 
 visits of officials of one Taunton to the other. We give on the next page a 
 reproduction of a photograph taken at Dunster Castle showing Judge Bermett on 
 the steps of the Castle with officials of the English town by whom he was very 
 hospitably entertained. This picture now hangs in the office of the City Clerk, 
 Taunton, Massachusetts. 
 
 On September 13, 1900, Mayor William Alfred Wrenn of Taunton, England, 
 visited our Taunton to convey the respects of his borough, and to do honour 
 to the early settlers of our town, who on March 3, 1639, settled here, chang- 
 ing the name from Cohannet to Taunton, as they expressed it, "in honour 
 and love to our dear and native country." His visit may have been made 
 in response to the cable sent some months before by the Aldermen of our 
 Taunton, which read as follows: — 
 
 "Ordered that in consideration of the fact that the Taunton and Somerset Society of 
 London, England, holds its annual meeting on May 2nd, and that the Society represents 
 the ancestry of many of the citizens of Taunton and vicinity, the greetings and best wishes 
 of the Mayor and Board of Aldermen of Taunton, Mass. be cabled to that Society." 
 
 Mayor Wrenn was enthusiastically received and presented the following resolutions 
 as an expression of good will from his native town: — 
 
 "The Council of the Borough of Taunton, England, take the opportunity of the con- 
 templated visit of their Mayor to Taunton, Mass. U.S.A. of continuing the friendly inter- 
 communication which has for some years past taken place between the two towns, by 
 sending friendly greetings and expressing a hope that continued and increased prosperity 
 and happiness is being bestowed upon the citizens of Taunton, Mass. More particularly 
 is the occasion taken advantage of, to accept most gratefuUy the kind and spontaneous 
 expression of sympathy by the people of Taunton, Mass. with England in the dreadful 
 war in So. Africa. The substantial contribution sent by the people of Taunton, Mass. 
 in aid of the funds collected in England for the widows and children of soldiers who have 
 lost their lives through the war, has awakened feelings of gratitude and affection not only 
 in the town of Taunton, England, but amongst the EngUsh people."
 
 i86 
 
 TAUNTON, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 from a photograph in the ofnce of the City Clerk, Taunton, .\f.issachusetts Kindness Edwin A. Tetlozv, Esq. 
 
 JUDGE EDMUND H. BENNETT, FIRST MAYOR OF TAUNTON, MASSACHUSETTS, ON A 
 VISIT TO DUNSTER CASTLE, NEAR TAUNTON, SOMERSETSHIRE, ENGLAND, 
 
 as the guest of the Corporation officials of that town in 1890. Judge Bennett is the third figure from the 
 
 left in the second row from the top. 
 
 Our Mayor presented to the distinguished visitor a beautiful silver loving cup as 
 a token and memento of his happy visit to the city and a few days later our Com- 
 mon Council addressed the following Unes to the mother town: — 
 
 "Whereas on September 13, 1900, His Worship William Alfred Wrenn of Taunton, 
 England, visited us bringing with him a message of friendship, fraternity, and good-will 
 from the citizens and governing body of that city, which he presented with eloquent and 
 instructive words, now be it Resolved, that Taunton in New England through vote of its 
 Council express its hearty appreciation of the sentiment contained in the message, and the 
 pleasure that it has afforded the municipality to entertain the distinguished messenger. 
 It would further convey to its English cousins the sincere hope and desire that the future 
 may witness a continuation and greater development of that far reaching spirit of fellow- 
 ship which exists between the two cities, binding each year closer the ties of international 
 duty; and be it further Resolved, that a copy of these resolutions be suitably engrossed 
 and forwarded to the Mayor and governing body of Taunton, England." 
 
 All of this interesting correspondence is filed in the City Hall of our Taunton.
 
 TAUNTON, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 187 
 
 Our Taunton was not settled 
 directly from Taunton in the 
 mother country, but the early 
 comers were from the southwest 
 counties of England near ancient 
 Taunton and this led them to 
 select this name for their home in 
 the western world. The earliest 
 record we have of new Taunton 
 is that Edward Winslow and 
 Stephen Hopkins walked through 
 Taunton to Narragansett Bay to 
 hold an important meeting with 
 the Indian King Massasoit. The 
 first real record of Taunton, how- 
 ever, was in 1637, when Richard 
 Williams and a few Puritans from 
 Dorchester built some houses 
 there. We are told that the 
 idea of erecting a memorial in 
 memory of Williams ha3 been 
 agitated several times by the 
 family. There is a bridge over 
 the Taunton River which is called 
 the "Williams Bridge," but this 
 was not erected as a memorial. 
 Not long after Williams and his 
 little band settled there they were 
 followed by the families of Dean, 
 Baylies, Tisdale, Morton, Cobb, 
 Crocker, Lovering, Hall, Pool, 
 Grossman, Williams and others. 
 There are memorials erected near 
 
 ^giiggg 
 
 From a photograph 
 
 Kindnfss Miss Edith M. Hodgman 
 and Edwin A. Tetlow, Esq. 
 
 MONUMENT IN MT. PLEASANT CEMETERY, 
 TAUNTON, MASSACHUSETTS, 
 
 over the grave of Elisabeth Pool, who purchased a large 
 tract of land from the Indians near here, and who did much 
 to build up the town in the early days. Her family came 
 from Taunton, England. 
 
 the home and on the grave of EHsabeth Pool, who bought a large tract of land from 
 the Indians and became an active promoter of local interests. Miss Pool's fam- 
 ily had long Uved in Taunton, Somerset County, England. During the two hun- 
 dred and fiftieth anniversary of the town there was a tableau showing her making 
 this purchase from the Indians, and this scene is depicted on the seal of the city. 
 
 There have been many other interesting interchanges of presents and corre- 
 spondence between the two places, the most important of which occurred durmg 
 the two hundred and fiftieth anniversary which took place in 1889. The Mayor
 
 i88 
 
 TAUNTON, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 Photographed by Montague Cooper from an old print Kindness Ian Forbes-Robertson, Esq. 
 
 OLD VIEW OF TAUNTON, ENGLAND 
 
 St. James Church is on the right and St. Mary Magdalene's on the left. 
 
 of old Taunton presented to the Old Colony Historical Society in new Taunton a 
 stone cherub from St. Mary Magdalene's Church, which is now in the rooms of 
 the Historical Society; also about the same time Edward Lebault of Taunton, 
 England, gave to the Society a piece of the altar railing and pulpit ornament which 
 was formerly a part of this same church. Invitations were sent to the Mayor, 
 Aldermen and Councillors of the English town to be present at this celebration, 
 and the following reply from the Mayor of Taunton was received: — 
 
 "I beg to thank you and your Committee for your kind feelings towards us, and to 
 assure you that although we shall not be present at your celebration our hearts will be 
 with you, and we trust you will have a pleasant and enjoyable time. Our Corporation 
 has decided to send you an address of congratulation which is being prepared." 
 
 Many letters were exchanged between residents of the two places on both sides of 
 the water, one of which describes in an interesting way a visit that James Russell 
 Lowell made to the old town, on which occasion he delivered a lecture on Henry 
 Fielding of Somersetshire, "The Father of the EngHsh Novel." 
 
 After the celebration, the English Mayor again wrote and sent an address from 
 his town which was framed in a piece of oak taken from St. Mary's Tower which 
 was torn down thirty years before. This interesting souvenir is now hanging
 
 TAUNTON, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 189 
 
 in the Aldermanic Chamber in our 
 Taunton. A view of the old town 
 was also shown attached to this 
 address, also a cut of the old castle 
 which is now used as a museum. 
 The formal message received at the 
 same time read as follows: — 
 
 "Although unable to be present . . . 
 we can assure you that the ties of 
 kindred and tongue which bind your 
 mighty Nation to the mother country 
 are still further strengthened by the 
 remembrance that there exists on the 
 other side of the Atlantic a city worthy 
 of handing down to posterity the name 
 of Taunton which is endeared to us by 
 the recollection of its historical past, the 
 contemplation of its prosperous present 
 and the promise of a still brighter 
 future." 
 
 Our Mayor and Council again replied 
 and sent a souvenir of the cele- 
 bration, together with an attractive 
 picture showing the ''Mayflower" in 
 Plymouth Harbour, a view of Taun- 
 ton River, a sketch of Taunton 
 Green and a picture of the City 
 Hall. The message shown in the ac- 
 companying photograph was framed 
 from a timber that came from the 
 
 Photographed hy Montague Cooper 
 
 Kindness 
 Ian Forbes-Robertson, Esq. 
 
 MESSAGE SENT BY TAUNTON, MASSACHU- 
 SETTS, TO TAUNTON, ENGLAND, IN 1889, 
 on the occasion of the two hundred and fiftieth anni- 
 
 torn a timber that came trom tne ^l^^-^X^Z^^^^^ 
 
 Endish ship " Sparrowhawk " which ^^ich was wrecked off Cape Cod m 1626. The hull 
 
 was wrecked off Cape Cod in .6.6, oHWyHip '^ "«« '" «'-™ «•• «--'-' ^^^ 
 
 the hull of which vessel is now 
 
 one of the relics exhibited in Pilgrim Hall in our Plymouth. The message reads 
 
 as follows: — 
 
 "The Mayor, Aldermen, and Common Council of 
 Taunton, in New England 
 
 mIyo™ Aldermen, and Burgesses of Taunton in old England. 
 
 Greetim We have been deeply touched by the reception ^^ y^^^", ^^"^^ ^^^^' J^^^ 
 
 Congra'tuladon upon the celebration of the .50th Anniversary ^^ ^he fou^^^^^^^^ 
 
 Citv which happily arrived on the very day of its occurrence. We assure you tnat we 
 
 fullv rlciprocate your kindly sentiments, so pleasantly expressed, and we fondly che ish 
 
 the^eZy of^^^^^^^ ancientf brave, and loyal Borough with its ^-toric castle tsb^^^^^^^^ 
 
 ful cCrch of St. Mary, and its charming river in that lovely vale of Taunton Dean.
 
 iQo TAUNTON, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 We wonder not that our fathers chose our name 'in honour and love to their dear and 
 native country,' and we congratulate ourselves that they brought with them from their 
 own land those lofty and sterUng principles of thought and action which have contributed 
 so much to our prosperity, and secured for us the manifold blessings we now enjoy. 
 
 May we never bring discredit on our ancient name, but rather lead our English mother 
 to ever feel a just pride in her American daughter, and may the bonds of love and amity 
 between us, and between our respective countries grow stronger till time shall be no more. 
 
 Given in our Council Chamber this eighth 
 day of August a.d. 1889." 
 
 An interesting account of the celebration appeared in one of the English news- 
 papers in Taunton, entitled "Taunton's American Daughter." 
 
 Wilfred Marshall of Taunton, England, is very familiar with our town, having 
 visited it three or four times. 
 
 That the citizens of Taunton, England, still keep up their interest in the New 
 England city is evidenced by a visit made here in February, 1921, by Thomas I. 
 Perry, a local magistrate of the mother town, who called upon Mayor Coughlin 
 and the other officials at City Hall. In discussing the visit to Taunton, Massa- 
 chusetts, made by former Mayor Wrenn of his town in 1900, he stated that 
 the late Mayor's widow was the first woman member of the town council of 
 Taunton, England. 
 
 "Ich was bore at Taunton Deane where should I be bore else?" is the boast of 
 the inhabitants of old Taunton and the nearby towns, which are situated in what 
 is called "Taunton Dean" or the "Vale of Taunton." The name Taunton is 
 derived from the river Thone, sometimes called Tone, which flows through the 
 town. The name is also sometimes said to have been derived from the Gaelic 
 "Taun" meaning "of the river" and "town," contracted into Taunton. The 
 castle of Taunton built by the Bishop of Winchester (see next page) is the im- 
 portant object of interest in the town. Near this site there was once a castle 
 which was built in 700 by Ina, King of Wessex, who dwelt there. The present 
 castle held out very gallantly against the royal forces in 1625 and the following 
 lines indicate the joy of the town on being saved : — 
 
 "The eleventh of May was a joyful day. 
 When Taunton got relief; 
 Which turned our sorrows into joy, 
 And eased us of our grief." 
 
 The full history of this castle is one long record of romance and to the New Eng- 
 lander who has read of the witchcraft and superstition of his country, it may be 
 interesting to mention one of the objects that is religiously kept in this old building. 
 It was believed that if a pig died, a witch had "overlooked it," to use an Enghsh 
 expression. After the pig's death its heart was filled with pins, stuck into it as in a 
 pin-cushion, and it was then put in the chimney. As long as the heart remained 
 there, it was supposed that no witch could have power over any other pig belonging
 
 TAUNTON, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 191 
 
 PhotOfir..plied by Munt.gue C per Jr m an old pnnt 
 
 TAUNTON CASTLE, TAUNTON, ENGLAND 
 
 The castle dates back to the eighth century, although it has been much renovated. 
 
 to that house. A very old example was found in an ancient house and removed to 
 this castle, where it is still exhibited as a relic of the old days. 
 
 It may be interesting to mention that Thomas Chaucer, the son of Geoffrey 
 Chaucer, "the father of Enghsh poetry," was at one time constable of this castle, 
 which gives us an idea of its antiquity. 
 
 There is a village near our Taunton called Britarmiaville, so named because of 
 the fact that britannia ware was first manufactured in the United States in an old 
 building now belonging to the Reed and Barton Corporation. The village arose 
 around this little shop. The ware was so named because it originated in Britain 
 near Sheffield. A number of Englishmen came over from England to work in this 
 trade and their countrymen have continued to come up to the present time.
 
 192 
 
 TOPSFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 NOT long ago when a visitor from Topsfield, Massachusetts, visited the 
 mother town, the driver of the carriage, in reply to the question as to how 
 the English Toppesfield got its name, said: "Well, they must-a-caught it 
 as it came along. Come by a whirlwind perhaps." Another old character de- 
 clared it was probable that it was so named on accoimt of being the topmost vil- 
 lage in the shire. The place undoubtedly derived its name in Saxon times from 
 a chieftain called Toppa, who owned this territory. At various times the town 
 has been called Toppesfend, Toppesford and Thopefield. 
 
 A visitor to the mother town from New England on looking over the church 
 register at St. Margaret's in this Essex village found the following names, all well 
 known to our Topsfield and vicinity: Allen, Barker, Barnes, Clarke, Davison, 
 Hale, Hardy, Palmer, Reed, Rice, Smith, Wildes and Wilson. In this church 
 register appears the name of ''Samuel Symonds, Gent." and his wife Dorothy, as 
 well as the records of baptism of their ten children born between the years 1621 
 and 1633. Samuel Symonds afterwards lived in Ipswich in New England and was 
 a prominent man and "Assistant" or member of the Governor's Council. It was 
 Symonds who was responsible for the change of name from New Meadows to 
 Topsfield in remembrance of the parish in old England where he had worshipped. 
 
 From a photograph 
 
 Kindness George Francis Dow, Esq. 
 
 TOPPESFIELD, ENGLAND, 
 from which place Topsfield, Massachusetts, received its name.
 
 TOPSFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 193 
 
 F^m a photograph '""" K„u!mss G.-orse Francis Do:r, Esq. 
 
 ST. MARGARET'S CHURCH, TOPPESFIELD, ENGLAND 
 
 Samuel Symonds, the Assistant, who settled in Ipswich in the Massachusetts Bay Colony and was instru- 
 mental in the naming of Topsfield, was a communicant in this church and here his children were baptized. 
 There are also a number of other names in the register of the Enghsh church that are well known in this 
 New England town. 
 
 Zaccheus Gould, another early settler, wanted the settlement called Hempstead 
 because he came from Hemel Hempstead in England, but the Court ruled other- 
 wise. Other early settlers besides Gould were William Perkins of London, WilHam 
 Towne, William Howard, Francis Peabody, John Wilde and Thomas Baker. 
 
 Topsfield, Massachusetts, received its name in 1650, although it was settled as 
 early as 1639; it was an offshoot of Agawam, the early name of Ipswich and those 
 chiefly responsible for its settlement were two of the party of John Winthrop, Jr., 
 who left Ipswich to come over to this new town. 
 
 A well-known minister in our Topsfield was Rev. Joseph Capen of witchcraft 
 times, who married a daughter of John Appleton of Ipswich and whose fine old 
 seventeenth century manse with overhanging second-story has been restored and 
 now is owned and occupied by the local Historical Society. This attractive New 
 England town has become the favorite summer resort of many prominent people. 
 
 The only interchange which has taken place between the daughter and mother 
 towns occurred in August, 1900, at the two hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the
 
 194 TOPSFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 incorporation of Topsfield. At this time a cable of congratulations from Toppes- 
 field, England, was read at the meeting and a suitable reply flashed back to the 
 English town, while the school-children sang "To thee, O Country." 
 
 Mr. George Francis Dow in his address at this two hundred and fiftieth anni- 
 versary relates an amusing story concerning "Goodman" Neland, who had 
 built his house across the boundary line between Topsfield and Ipswich. For 
 years the constables called to collect taxes and always found him in the other part 
 of. the house and therefore, of course, in the other town. Finally the Topsfield 
 constable on one of his visits climbed into the pig-pen and secured a good fat pig, 
 the sale of which enabled him to recover the necessary taxes. 
 
 Topsfield, Maine, a small township in the eastern part of the State, was chris- 
 tened in honour of Topsfield, Massachusetts, by Nehemiah Kneeland who moved 
 to Maine from the Massachusetts town. 
 
 WALTHAM, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 ON January i6, 1888, there was held in the Music Hall in Waltham the 
 celebration of the one hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the founding 
 of the town, on which occasion the residents paid their homage to the 
 spirit of the past by flying in the building many American and British flags draped 
 together, and by surmounting one group of banners with a shield bearing the arms 
 and motto of the Prince of Wales. There have been no official visits between the 
 two Walthams, though many people from our city have journeyed to Waltham 
 Abbey, from which our city derived its name. Although at the present time there 
 is little in the appearance of the prosperous Massachusetts city that would recall 
 the historic old English town, it is probable that at the time of the incorporation 
 of our Waltham in 1738, there was some similarity between the "forest home" on 
 the Charles River and that on the river Lea. The name Waltham is supposed 
 to be derived from the Saxon "Wealdham," meaning a "home in the forest," or 
 "wild," and to this day forests cover probably more than half of the territory of 
 the New England city. Certainly visions of "Harold's town " with the Lea winding 
 in and out among the fertile meadows must have been in the minds of Wilham 
 Brown, Samuel Livermore, Daniel Benjamin and other dwellers in the western 
 precinct of Watertown, Massachusetts, when, their petition to have their precinct 
 "erected into a separate and distinct township" having been granted, they con- 
 ferred upon the newly made town the name of Waltham. As one historian has 
 suggested, it must have been peculiarly gratifying to these early settlers "thus to 
 preserve ever present amid new associations and surroundings the recollections of 
 their old homes across the sea." The first actual settler within the town limits is 
 supposed to have been John Page who in 1643 had a house near the present Water-
 
 WALTHAM, MASSACHUSETTS i95 
 
 town line; Samuel Bigelow had a house on the western part of the Great Country 
 Road before 1686, while AUen Flagg and Jonathan Sanderson built at Piety Corner 
 about 1689. Waltham has furnished two Massachusetts Governors, Christopher 
 Gore, who was at one time United States Senator and also special Minister to Eng- 
 land, and Nathaniel P. Banks. 
 
 The EngUsh village is located on the left bank of the river Lea, about twelve 
 miles northeast of London, in the county of Essex, to which locaUty also belongs 
 Nasing, the birthplace of the Rev. John Eliot, famous for his religious ministrations 
 to the 'Indians and the early settlers of New England. No small part of John 
 Eliot's early work was among the Indians in the vicinity of Watertown and Wal- 
 tham, and the fact that Waltham Abbey was near Nasing may have suggested to 
 the elrly settlers this name for the American town. The exact place where Ehot 
 preached was on the shore of a large sheet of water which was first called the " Great 
 Pond in the Woods," and the Indian tribe to which he preached continued on its 
 shores until the year 1676. 
 
 To those familiar with its history, both authentic and legendary, the name of 
 old Waltham will ever be tinged with romance. Thither came Tovi the Proud, 
 standard-bearer to Canute the Dane, King of England, early in the eleventh century, 
 and built for himself in the forest a hunting seat, near which he established a village 
 of "three score and six dwellers." Here also he founded, about 1020 a.d., the 
 Church of the Holy Cross and thus it came about that the town was also called at 
 one time Waltham Holy Cross. Later Waltham came into the possession of Earl 
 Harold, who, out of gratitude for his wonderful cure by the "holy cross," erected 
 in 1059 a monastery upon the site of Tovi's church. After Harold was killed in 
 1066 in the famous battle of Hastings he was buried in this monastery which, 
 as stated below, came to be known later as Waltham Abbey. In 1177, Harold's 
 college was dissolved and an Augustinian Priory was founded by Henry II, which 
 in 1184 became Waltham Abbey. The history of this edifice is, as old Thomas 
 Fuller says, "the history of the Church of England." To this Abbey came, for 
 various reasons, many of the English royalty, from the time of Harold, its founder, 
 to the days of Charles 11. 
 
 One of the most picturesque corners of the old town is "Romeland," an open 
 square of quaint, high-gabled and stuccoed red brick houses, while in another part, 
 spanning the Corn Mill stream, is a remnant of very early architecture known as 
 Harold's Bridge. In Waltham also is the house of Master Cressy, in which Cran- 
 mer, Fox and Gardner in 1533 discussed the question of the separation of Henry 
 .- Vlli from Catherine of Aragon. Here in the forests the Stuarts did a great deal of 
 hunting and near Waltham still can be seen the house where it is said that James I, 
 during one of his hunts, using his sword for a carving-knife, patted a joint of 
 beef and called it "Sir Loin." Beautiful Epping Forest, the playground of thousands 
 of Londoners on bank holidays, is near Waltham.
 
 WALTHAM, MASSACHUSETTS 197 
 
 There is one historic feature in the old Enghsh town of Waltham which visi- 
 tors will always be interested in, and that is old Temple Bar which for several 
 centuries stood at the west end of Fleet Street and was one of the entrances into 
 the real old city of London. In the year 1878 Temple Bar was entirely removed 
 and was subsequently rebuilt at the entrance to Theobald's Park, Waltham. 
 The first mention of the Bar is in 1361, and a curious custom was from time 
 immemorial observed at this point. Before the Sovereign could enter the city 
 proper his carriage was halted while the Lord Mayor presented his sword of 
 office to the monarch, who after receiving the sword returned it to the Mayor, 
 and until this ceremony had been gone through the King was not allowed to 
 enter the city. A huge stone griffin, or dragon, now occupies the site of the 
 ancient Temple Bar. 
 
 In 1 8 13, the works of the Boston INIanufacturing Company were estabHshed in 
 our Waltham, and not only for the manufacturing of cotton goods did the city 
 become noted, but also for the watches made at the famous Waltham Watch 
 factory, supposed to be the largest works of its kind in existence. The Gore and 
 Lyman estates, the most attractive probably of the time, carry out the meaning of 
 the word Waltham, "a home in a forest," on account of their beautiful trees. The 
 Lyman place was originally granted to William Paine, being later purchased by John 
 Livermore, who came to this country in 1634 and who was one of the most impor- 
 tant men of the town, besides being the progenitor of most of the Livermores in 
 this country. The descendants of John Livermore owned this place until 1780, 
 when it was sold to Jonas Dix. In 1793 it came into the possession of Theodore 
 Lyman, whose descendants still occupy the old residence. Isaac Stearns, a grand- 
 son of one of the early pioneers, and William Wellington also owned much land in 
 the early days of the town. We read of many Fourth of July celebrations held on 
 Stearns's wood-lot and in WelHngton's Grove, which were both usually full of 
 partridges and quail. 
 
 There is also a Waltham in Maine and one in Vermont. 
 
 WARWICK, MASSACHUSETTS, AND WARWICK, RHODE ISLAND 
 
 SAMUEL GORTON, who was born in Gorton, England, and who probably 
 named Portsmouth, Rhode Island, was the founder of the Rhode Island 
 Warwick in 1642, those associated with him being Randall Holden and John 
 Greene, both of Salisbury, England, and Francis Weston. They were soon driven 
 out of their settlement by the Massachusetts Bay Colony troops, but after obtain- 
 ing royal sanction for their settlement returned to it. The final success of Gorton 
 and his few followers against the overwhelming number of their enemies, the Mas- 
 sachusetts Bay colonists, greatly impressed the Indians, as described by Gorton in 
 these words: —
 
 198 WARWICK, MASSACHUSETTS and RHODE IS^LAND 
 
 Photographed by F. Frith &" Co., Surrey, England Kindness Ian Forbes-Robertson, Esq. 
 
 WARWICK CASTLE, WAR,WICKSHIRE, ENGLAND 
 
 "The Indians called the English in their tongue Wattaconoges (meaning those 
 who wear clothes or coat men). They now called us Gortonoges, and being that 
 they had heard of a great war to be in Old England, they presently framed unto 
 them a cause of our deliverance, imagining that there were two kinds of people in 
 Old England, the one called by the name of Enghshmen and the other Gortonoges; 
 and concluded that the Gortonoges were a mightier people than the English . . . 
 and therefore . . . thought it not safe to take away our lives because however few 
 there were of us in New England in comparison with those who came out against 
 us, yet that great people in Old England would come over and put them to death 
 if they should take away our lives." This town was named for Robert, Earl of 
 Warwick, Lord High Admiral, rather than for the leading town of Warwickshire, 
 known as the "Heart of England." We have, nevertheless, included Warwick on 
 account of the prominence of the Enghsh town and its attractiveness to Americans 
 and Englishmen. The Earl of Warwick was Governor-in-Chief of Foreign Plan- 
 tations and chairman of the Commission that granted the charter to the Rhode 
 Island town and affirmed Gorton's right to Shawomet. It was out of gratitude to 
 him that the old name of Shawomet was changed to Warwick in the year 1647. 
 Thousands of Americans each year visit the old residential seat of the Earls of 
 Warwick, Warwick Castle, now leased to Henry W. Marsh, Esq., of New York, of
 
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 200 WARWICK, MASSACHUSETTS and RHODE ISLAND 
 
 the Harvard Class of '85, who was Assistant Manager of the Harvard Surgical Unit 
 which did such splendid work during the war that it was commended in a letter 
 written by King George V. The Unit began service on July 17, 1915, at the 22nd 
 General Hospital in France, where it "carried on" till the end of the war, caring 
 for a tenth of the British casualties on the Western Front. On its return to 
 Boston, the weather-stained Stars and Stripes and the Union Jack which had 
 flown over the hospital during the years of strife were presented at a mass meeting 
 at the Harvard Club of Boston to President Lowell, who turned them over to the 
 Harvard Medical School. The members of this Unit were entertained at the Castle 
 on their way through England and while there had an opportunity to see the wonder- 
 ful paintings by Van Dyck, Velasquez, Reynolds, Rubens, Holbein and others, 
 also the peacocks for which the Castle has long been famous, and the attractive 
 grounds. One of the curios of the Castle is a huge bowl known as Guy's Punch- 
 bowl, so named after the celebrated mythical personage "Guy of Warwick." This 
 curiosity was made for Sir John Talbot, and an old couplet makes reference to him 
 and his odd bowl in these words:— 
 
 "There's nothing left of Talbot's fame 
 But Talbot's Pot and Talbot's Lane." 
 
 The English borough is situated near the center of the shire, on a hill encircled 
 by a long curve of the Avon and within sight of the Castle grounds where the well- 
 known Warwickshire hounds have often hunted their fox. Nearby is Leamington, 
 a score of years ago one of the great fox-hunting centers of England. Henry James 
 was very fond of Warwickshire, in fact it was a place to which the intellectuals of 
 both hemispheres journeyed, including Sir Walter Scott, Nathaniel Hawthorne, 
 who wrote of Warwick in "Our Old Home," Thackeray, Dickens and George Eliot. 
 
 Near the Castle is St. Mary's Church, and in the middle of the choir appear 
 recumbent figures representing the first Thomas Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick, and 
 his second wife, who both died in 1369. This Thomas Beauchamp was one of 
 the ancestors of Randall Holden's wife. The great feature of this church is 
 Beauchamp Chapel and in it Hes the body of Richard Beauchamp, Earl of War- 
 wick, who died in 1439, and Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, the favorite of 
 Queen Elizabeth. Dudley founded the Leicester Hospital in Warwick. The 
 tower of St. Mary's Church contains a peal of ten bells which plays a tune every 
 three hours, but a different tune every day of the week, which serves to remind 
 the townspeople not only of the hour but of the day. A mile north of Warwick on 
 the banks of the Avon is the famous Guy's Cliff, in far-off ages the retreat of the 
 pilgrim Sir Guy. The present mansion of Guy's Cliff, which dates from the begin- 
 ning of the eighteenth century, is partially hewn out of soKd rock. 
 
 The English Warwick held a great pageant during the week of July 4, 1906, on 
 the Castle grounds on the occasion of the one thousandth anniversary of Queen
 
 WARWICK, MASSACHUSETTS and RHODE ISLAND 201 
 
 Photographed by F. Frith &• Co., Surrey, England 'Kindness Ian Forbes-Robcrlson , Esq. 
 
 LEICESTER HOSPITAL, WARWICK, ENGLAND 
 
 Ethelfreda's conquest of Mercia. On that day, the Stars and Stripes were dis- 
 played on the grandstand, and the namesakes of Warwick in this country, which 
 doubtless included the Warwicks of New England, were represented on this occasion. 
 This group was photographed, but unfortunately the plate was lost. ^ 
 
 The Massachusetts Warwick, which is near Worcester, has sometimes been 
 called the "Switzerland of America." It was one of the four grants made by the 
 General Court in 1735 for his ''Majestie's Province in the Massachusetts Bay." 
 Samuel Newall and others signed the first petition for the town, which was called 
 the "plantation of Roxbury," or "Gardner's Canada," so called because the pref- 
 erence of sites was given to those who were descendants of the officers and soldiers 
 who served in the expedition to Canada in 1690. Warwick was incorporated in 
 1763 and was named either for Warwick or for Guy, Earl of Warwick.
 
 203 
 
 WATERTOWN, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 THE family of Sir Richard Saltonstall, who sailed from Yarmouth, England, 
 in the ship "Arbella," and who founded our Watertown, came from the 
 small villages of Nether and Over Saltonstall, which are a part of Halifax, 
 in the West Riding of Yorkshire. Mr. Richard M. Saltonstall, who has edited an 
 interesting book, written by Hon. Leverett Saltonstall, describing Sir Richard Salton- 
 stall's ancestry and descendants, a short time ago visited the two \dllages in England 
 which are named for his family and when he arrived there the people expressed their 
 fear that one of the family had come back to claim the land. These two hamlets 
 (of which we give pictures, on this page and the next) are very small and almost 
 deserted, yet they form a most interesting link between England and America. 
 Back of these old towns is Saltonstall Moor, which is well known to sportsmen. 
 
 The Enghsh family of Saltonstall can be traced back from Thomas de Salton- 
 stall to Frederick II, Earl of Guilford, the first record we have beginning with the 
 former. In 1597, a Sir Richard Saltonstall was Lord Mayor of London. We have 
 included a cut of the Church of St. John the Baptist in Halifax, where from the year 
 
 From ^'Ancestry &" Descendants of Sir Richard Saltonstall," Riverside Press, 1897 Kindness R. M. Saltonstall, Esq. 
 
 NETHER SALTONSTALL, NEAR HALIFAX, ENGLAND 
 
 Here lived the Saltonstall family so well knovra in this country, and early settlers in Watertown, Haverhill 
 
 and Ipswich, Massachusetts.
 
 204 
 
 WATERTOWN, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 From "Ancestry Cs° Descendanu of Sir Rich rd S It nil R ' i>c Pre<:s, iSpy Kindness R. M. Saltan tall, Erg. 
 
 THE OLD CHAPEL, OVER SALTONSTALL, NEAR HALIFAX, ENGLAND 
 
 1539 have been recorded forty-four marriages and one hundred and twenty baptisms 
 in the Saltonstall family. 
 
 The records in this country show that "Sir Richard Saltonstall, Rev. George 
 Phillips, and a goodly number of planters went up the Charles River four miles to 
 a place well watered" and settled their plantation just below the place where Mt. 
 Auburn is now situated and very near the home of the late James Russell Lowell. 
 This territory, the fourth settlement in the Colony, was first called "Sir Richard 
 Saltonstall's Plantation," but was later named Watertown by the Court, either on ac- 
 count of its natural features or, more probably, from a place by the name of Waterton 
 in England. Saltonstall was the first subscriber to the church covenant of Water- 
 town and he was also an original patentee of Connecticut with Lord Saye and Sele, 
 Lord Brooke and others. Saltonstall remained in Watertown only a short time, but 
 was always interested in the Colony, his two sons remaining there after he had left. 
 Saltonstall Square in Watertown was named after him in remembrance of all he did 
 for the settlement in its first days. President Quincy said of him that after Harvard 
 and Winthrop he was the next greatest benefactor of Harvard College. The Sal- 
 tonstall family had much to do with the Ipswich settlement and for five generations 
 lived in and helped Haverhill. 
 
 There is also a Watertown in Connecticut.
 
 205 
 
 T 
 
 WEYMOUTH, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 ''Cohasset for beauty, 
 Hingham for pride, 
 If not for its herring, ^ 
 Weymouth had died." 
 
 HE chief feature of interest between tlie two Weymouths is the visit of 
 I Tud^e Louis A. Cook to old Weymouth in 19x4. to attend the unveihng of 
 1 he memorial that was placed there to John Endicott of Dorchester, Eng- 
 , H !nd Sard Clark near the wharf from which they sailed, the former to 
 :f' Amfr ca to b come Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, and the 
 at?a mo knolSot 
 
 .... r^ TTT. tVif. -npTPP of Amiens was discussed here, ana wiuuu n-s v 
 
 of Kmg George III, f^ P^^" "/^ , „„, „f Nelson's officers, just before the 
 the Kmg -'d "1 to Capmn H-dy ^^^ ^^^ ^^^^.^^^ ^^^ 
 
 battle of Trafalgar. After mncneou 1 Endicott 
 
 Chamberlain and all the other guests on the site of the jetty f ™m w 
 
 hi: sTtrd H^lT/r ': h^ed the account was not closed and that bet e 
 
 on this hundredth anniversary of peaceful friendship ™«h^ j^„„ 
 
 national anthems of the two countries. The memorial J
 
 WEYMOUTH, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 207 
 
 i5r»- 
 
 ^-•w" 
 
 S:-^_OC 
 
 .^ "A-N /■-VZ. j'.-C 
 
 ^''^r ^c:HKif:N3:ccTT 
 
 
 Yhotlgr'aphed bTEd'-cal^' H . Sr.vard Kindness Ian FoTbe7-RobeTtson, Esq 
 
 BRONZE MEDALLION PLACED ON THE 
 MEMORIAL IN WEYMOUTH, ENGLAND, 
 
 in honour of Richard Clark and John Endicott. 
 
 placed on the stone column which 
 is shown in the accompanying 
 picture, and the medalhon, 
 which is also pictured and which 
 is attached to the monument, 
 bears the following inscription: — 
 
 In Memory of 
 RICHARD CLARK 
 
 Captain and Pilot of 
 
 Weymouth, who in 1583 
 
 sailed thence to join 
 
 Sir Humphrey Gilbert's 
 
 Voyage of discovery to 
 
 Newfoundland, and of 
 
 JOHN ENDICOTT 
 
 who on June 20, 1628, 
 
 set forth from Weymouth in 
 
 the ship "Abigail" on the 
 
 expedition which led to 
 
 the establishment of the 
 
 plantation at Salem, 
 
 Massachusetts. 
 
 Erected by PubUc 
 
 Subscription 1914- 
 
 Weymouth in this country was the lirst permanent settlement in Boston Har- 
 bour and is the second oldest town in Massachusetts antedating Boston by at le^^ 
 six years and, next to Plymouth, is the oldest colony m the State. ^^ ^^f'° 
 oto "ferred'to as the "Alma Mater of BostonMor '^e reason that ^^Uhm 
 Blackstone the first settler in Boston, came from Weymouth. The earliest pio 
 n e s n oui Weymouth did not come from the town of the same name m England 
 W manv did come here the year after the first settlement of the town m X6.3 by 
 RobrrGo' es s": o Sir Fe'rdinando Gorges. At this time our Weymouth was 
 kno^n a?Wessagusset. Some years later Rev. Mr. Hall, who was born m Somer- 
 setsli^e sailed from Weymouth for this country, and it is mentioned m old Wey- 
 r^outh that under date of March 30, 1635, "about one hundred people are recorded 
 Tbound here '■ meaning America. Abigail (Smith) Adams was one of the origma 
 "ttlers of ou Weymouth and among other eariy comers we can mention the nam 
 of Bursley Jeffries and probably Ludden as having come over with Gorges. Some 
 
 Weymouth.
 
 WEYMOUTH, MASSACHUSETTS 209 
 
 The town for which our Weymouth is named has often been called the English 
 Naples. It is situated in the county of Dorset on the south side of the river Wey, 
 from which it gets its name, which was originally derived from "Waeye," meaning 
 " water " and "mud," being the Saxon word for "mouth of the river." The town has 
 a fine harbour and has always been a commercial port; it is now also a great water- 
 ing-place. Into this attractive port the Roman Navy often found its way and 
 years later two ships of the Spanish Armada were brought here as prizes. The 
 earliest history of the town dates back to 938 a.d. in the time of King Athelstan, 
 the next mention of it in history being in the Saxon charter of King Ethelred. One 
 interesting incident occurred at the time King Philip of Spain was driven into the 
 harbour by a hurricane. John Russell, of Berwick Hovse, knew Spanish so 
 well that he was chosen to act as interpreter for the royal party. King Henry was 
 informed of the unexpected arrival of the Spanish King and sent him an invitation 
 to visit him in London. Russell accompam'ed the visitor and made such a favor- 
 able impression on King Philip that the latter recommended him especially to the 
 English King. It happened later that Russell became a favorite with King 
 Henry's son, who created him Duke of Bedford, a name also closely associated 
 with our New Bedford. 
 
 A 
 
 WINCHESTER, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 TEMPORARY memorial to the American soldiers who fell in the Great 
 War has been placed in the south aisle of the Cathedral in Winchester, 
 England, and the inscription reads as follows: — 
 
 This window and these panels have been reserved by the Dean and 
 Chapter for the dedication of a perpetual memorial to be erected by the 
 British Nation to those GALLANT AMERICANS who have given'their 
 lives for the cause of freedom in the Great War 1914-191 . 
 
 A more permanent memorial in the form of a window is now being built in the 
 south aisle of the Cathedral. The ancient city of Winchester is a fitting place for 
 such a memorial because of the fact that one hundred thousand troops of the 
 American Expeditionary Forces came to the city from the nearby port of South- 
 ampton where they disembarked. It was at Winchester, too, that one of the 
 largest American rest camps was established, and an added inducement that 
 undoubtedly appealed to the British authorities in the selection of this site for a 
 memorial was the fact that five hundred and fifty-three of our brave soldiers, who 
 died of influenza, lie buried in the military cemetery on Morn Hill in Winchester. 
 A further appropriateness lies in the fact that Winchester was at one time the 
 ancient capital of England and was the home of so many kings that it has often 
 been called "Royal Winchester." Henry I here celebrated his marriage to Matilda 
 of Scotland and their son, William, was born in this ancient city; Henry III was
 
 2IO 
 
 WINCHESTER, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 ^» 
 
 my^ 
 
 ; RESERVI3D-py 11 II- DrAN-^-CHAn l;1<-K)K-THE 
 ; DRDICATION-OF-A pr;Ri fJlIM ->\&'^R1ALT0 
 : BKERECTED BN^Ti iLPlvTlSi ! NAI'IONID^ i()SE 
 
 GMIANT /\A\rR!C\NS 
 
 WHOl lAVtCiiVEN TMEIP.-L1\ LSFORTHFCM iSl- 
 : GF-REFI)OAVIN-THE GREy\T-\^.'\R-19l4- 1^1 
 
 P-Myjsi 
 
 From a photograph 
 
 Kivdness Major Evelyn Wrench and Henry 
 G. Lord, Esq. 
 
 also born here; Henry IV was 
 married here; Henry V received 
 here the Ambassador of Charles of 
 France; Henry VI often visited 
 here; Henry VII journeyed here 
 with his queen in order that his 
 child should be born in England's 
 old capital, and Henry VIII spent 
 a week here in 1522 and entertained 
 the Emperor Charles V of Austria. 
 King Edward III made Winches- 
 ter one of his ten staple towns for 
 wool and leather, with the idea of 
 reviving its prestige. Here also 
 Queen Mary entertained Phihp, 
 Prince of Spain, previous to their 
 marriage; King James I was the 
 last king to reside in the castle. 
 It was during the reign of Henry 
 III that the city as a governing 
 center began to decline in impor- 
 tance, the chief reason being that 
 the treasury was transferred to 
 London. Outside the west gate of the city was situated the King's hawk-house, 
 in which falconers kept the birds in the days when falconry was so much indulged 
 in. Winchester was the home of Alfred the Great, and here he ruled wisely and 
 well for eighteen years; it was here that he wrote his Saxon Chronicles. It was 
 also in Winchester that the original Domesday Book was compiled and here it 
 was kept as long as the city was the capital of the kingdom. It may be also 
 claimed that Winchester was the cradle of the British Empire, for it was here 
 that King Alfred laid the foundations of the British Navy. It is also interesting 
 to mention that Sir Walter Raleigh was tried and imprisoned in Winchester before 
 his execution in London. 
 
 The Cathedral, of course, is the center of interest to visitors, and it will be re- 
 membered that Emerson thought it the most beautiful in England with the excep- 
 tion of York Minster. An attraction in the city is the house where Jane Austen 
 lived and died, her body being buried in the Cathedral. New Englanders will 
 be interested to know that the renowned Izaak Walton was also buried there. 
 Bishop Lawrence of our Boston preached officially in Winchester Cathedral in 
 the year 1920. 
 
 Like all mediaeval cities, Winchester was surrounded by a wall which was origi- 
 
 TEMPORARY MEMORIAL PLACED IN WIN- 
 CHESTER CATHEDRAL, WINCHESTER, 
 ENGLAND, 
 
 to the memory of the Americans who lost their lives in the 
 Great War.
 
 WINCHESTER, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 211 
 
 1 
 
 From a photograph Kindness Mrs. Mary Fifield King 
 
 WINCHESTER CATHEDRAL, WINCHESTER, ENGLAND, 
 
 in which has recently been placed by the British Nation a memorial to the Americans who gave their lives 
 in the Great War. Winchester was the capital of England under Alfred the Great (849 a.d.). The cathe- 
 dral, built in the eleventh century, is the chief attraction in this ancient city. 
 
 nally Roman, but practically nothing of this remains intact. One of the gates 
 was changed to its present aspect by the Normans. It may also be mentioned 
 that the original municipal flag of the English city was presented to its American 
 namesake in Virginia during the latter part of 191 9. 
 
 Our New England Winchester has taken an interest in the city of the same name 
 in England and the PubHc Library of our town has several times sent reports and 
 memoranda regarding its war activities, a number of letters in reply having been 
 received describing the large American War Camp near the English city. 
 
 Edward Converse, a staunch old Puritan, who came over in Winthrop's colony, 
 was the first settler of the territory now called Winchester, Massachusetts, having 
 built and occupied the first house here in 1640. This humble dwelling stood on 
 the site which many generations later was occupied by the Thompson estate, next 
 to the Post-ofiice. A "corne mill," the first business establishment in Winchester, 
 was also built by this pioneer. This section of the country, considered by the 
 dwellers along the seacoast as a "remote land," was at that time a wild, unsettled 
 part of Charlestown, called Waterfield, included in the original territory granted 
 to Charlestown in 1633 by the General Court. After certain grants by the General 
 Court in 1640 the place was renamed " Charlestowne Village." On October 6, 
 1642, an act was passed by the General Court incorporating Woburn into a sepa- 
 rate town, the act reading, " Charlestowne Village is called Wooburne," so that 
 much of the present territory of Winchester was a part of Woburn until 1850, when
 
 212 
 
 WINCHESTER, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 Photographed hy H. IV. Salmon &" Son, IVinchester, England Kindness Ian Forbes-Robertson, Esq. 
 
 HOUSE IN WINCHESTER, ENGLAND, WHERE JANE AUSTEN LIVED AND DIED 
 
 the town was incorporated under its present name. The territory included in this 
 new township was taken from Woburn, Medford and West Cambridge (now 
 Arhngton) . 
 
 The early settlers in this section had a difhcult time gaining a foothold in the 
 wilderness, some of them being obliged to burrow into the hillside to obtain their 
 first shelter. Included within the limits of the town was the farm of John Harvard, 
 the founder of Harvard College. 
 
 There is also a Winchester in Connecticut and one in New Hampshire. 
 
 WINDSOR 
 MAINE, NEW HAMPSHIRE, VERMONT, MASSACHUSETTS AND CONNECTICUT 
 
 WINDSOR is one of the popular names for towns in America and each of 
 the New England States, with the exception of Rhode Island, has a 
 place so called. The Connecticut town was named for the English 
 Windsor while the Massachusetts town was named for this early settlement in 
 Connecticut, having been called Gageborough in honour of General Gage of Revo- 
 lutionary fame until the year 1778. The Maine town was first called Malta and 
 later Gerry, and curiously enough was named for the Enghsh town by a Frenchman
 
 214 WINDSOR, ME., N. H., VT., MASS. and CONN. 
 
 called Anthony Coombs, the reason for this name, therefore, being difficult to dis- 
 cover. The New Hampshire town is very small, having also received its name 
 from the Windsor in Connecticut, while the Vermont town derived its name in a 
 similar way. 
 
 The English town, from which all these places got their names either directly 
 or indirectly, is a municipal borough incorporated by Edward IV, situated on the 
 south bank of the Thames. The ancient name was Windelsora, meaning ''the 
 winding shore" (or "winding waters near the Castle"). Windsor itseh is chiefly 
 important on account of its Royal Castle which covers a tremendous area. It was 
 begun by William, enlarged by his son Henry, rebuilt to a large extent by Edward 
 III and further enlarged by many of the English monarchs since then. Within 
 the Royal Mausoleum are the tombs of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. The 
 place is usually called New Windsor to distinguish it from Old Windsor, which is 
 about two miles away. In July, 1896, the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Com- 
 pany of Boston, as guests of the late Queen Victoria, were received very graciously 
 at Windsor Castle, where they were reviewed by the Queen and a large coterie of 
 her distinguished subjects. Nearby is the well-known Eton, with its school, situ- 
 ated on the river Thames. 
 
 WOBURN, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 AT the time of the two hundred and fiftieth anniversary celebration of the 
 /\ city of Woburn, in 1892, a number of interchanges of messages took place 
 A \ with the English Woburn and several officials of the latter were invited to 
 be present. During the exercises Rev. Edward G. Porter, of Lexington, who had 
 been a visitor to the old Woburn, told of his trip there, particularly mentioning 
 Woburn Abbey, in which, however, despite the name, there is no longer any trace 
 of a rehgious establishment. It stands in a park of 3,500 acres, enclosed by a 
 high brick wall, twelve miles in circuit, and the old fish-ponds of the monks are now 
 beautiful sheets of water enlivened by ducks and swans, while herds of deer may be 
 seen quietly grazing over the sloping lawns. The portrait-galleries of this Abbey 
 are famous and include paintings by Titian, Van Dyck, Rubens, Rembrandt, 
 Teniers, Murillo and others. Mr. Porter was so interested in this fine collection 
 that, at his request, the Duke of Bedford, who owned Woburn Abbey, presented 
 catalogues of his collection to the public libraries of Woburn, Lexington and Bed- 
 ford, in America. Judge Edward F. Johnson, of the Massachusetts Woburn, 
 visited the mother town and its Abbey in 1879. He was treated with great hos- 
 pitaHty by Hon. George Russell, M.P., and upon his return home he wrote an 
 account of his visit which was afterwards published in England and resulted in a 
 very cordial letter from a member of the Russell family. 
 
 Old Woburn, or Woubourne as it was once called, dates from Saxon times, and
 
 WOBURN, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 215 
 
 From " Views u) H'oiurn," fi.Jier &• Sons, Wohum, England Kindness Judge Edward F. Johnson 
 
 WOBURN ABBEY, WOBURN, ENGLAND 
 
 The seat of the Russell family, which has taken a great interest in Woburn, Massachusetts. 
 
 although little is known of its early history, it was chosen for the site of an abbey 
 in the twelfth century, when fourteen monks took up their residence there and 
 gave much attention to the mill facilities that were ofifered by the brooks. 
 In the reign of Henry VHI, on the dissolution of the monasteries, the Abbey 
 reverted to the crown. When this monarch came to the throne he gave the 
 estate to John Russell, who was created Earl of Bedford. The latter 's successors, 
 up to the year 1892, had included four Earls and ten Dukes. The famous Woburn 
 Abbey is now the seat of the Duke of Bedford. 
 
 Previous to the introduction of railways, Woburn, Bedfordshire, was a great 
 center for stages and was a larger and busier town than it is at the present time. 
 To-day its nearest railway station is known as Woburn Sands, which is some three 
 miles distant from the town itself and about forty miles from London. 
 
 There are three places in England from which it was thought for some time 
 that the Massachusetts W^oburn might have derived its name: Woburn in Bed- 
 fordshire, Woo-burn in Bucks County and 0-burn in Dorset, all three spellings 
 having been used by the earliest settlers of the Massachusetts town. It is rather 
 remarkable, as Mr. Porter says, "that not one of the first sixty towns in the colony 
 received an Indian name, and only one or two were honored with Scripture names,
 
 2l6 
 
 WOBURN, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 From " Viezcs of JVohurn,'" Fisher ^ So}is, JVohurn, Eup_i.ind Kiiuhi^^sj Judge Edward F, Johnson 
 
 TOWN HALL AND GEORGE STREET, WOBURN, ENGLAND 
 
 although the Puritan element was then so strong." It is also an interesting fact 
 that no other town in America bears the name of Woburn, so far as we can learn. 
 There is no contemporary record which explains the naming of our Woburn, 
 but it is now known definitely that it derived its name from Woburn, Bedfordshire, 
 and was so named by Captain Edward Johnson, the "father" of the town, in honour 
 of his friend, Major-Gen. Robert Sedgwick, who was born in the Bedfordshire 
 town. Sedgwick came to this country in 1635, was one of the earliest settlers in 
 Charlestown and commander for several years of the Ancient and Honorable 
 Artillery Company, of which both he and Johnson were charter members. Sedg- 
 wick was also at one time commander of the Castle. He was a neighbor of John- 
 son's in Charlestown, and in his famous book entitled "Wonder-working Providence 
 of Sion's Saviour in New England" Johnson refers to Sedgwick in eulogistic terms, 
 calling him "stout and active in all feats of war, nurst up in Londons Artillery 
 garden, and furthered with fifteen years experience in N. E. exact theory, besides 
 the help of a very good head-piece." In his first mention of Sedgwick in the 
 Woburn Town Records, Johnson calls him "Noble Captain Sedgwick;" and 
 Sedgwick's part in the work of exploring the land for the settlement of the town, 
 and the influential position he held in deciding upon its present site, are also set 
 forth by Johnson in the first volume of the Woburn Records. Sedgwick, however, 
 never lived in Woburn and apparently never intended to. Johnson was its first
 
 WOBURN, MASSACHUSETTS 217 
 
 town clerk, the chairman of its first Board of Selectmen and the first deputy from 
 Woburn to the General Court, and his leadership and influence were such in all 
 matters relating to the organization and government of the new town that he would 
 naturally have had the say as to its name. In recognition of the nativity of his 
 distinguished friend, he chose the name of Woburn; and, at the General Court 
 holden in Boston September 27 (October 7, n.s.), 1642, it was ordered 
 "That Charlestowne Village is called Wooborne." 
 
 It may be interesting to mention that Charles Goodyear, the inventor of the 
 process of vulcanizing India rubber, lived in our Woburn as early as 1835 in a house 
 now standing, in that part of Woburn called Montvale; he was at that time poor 
 and unknown, and it was while warming himself one cold night in the village store 
 that his great idea occurred to him. In Woburn also was born Benjamin Thomp- 
 son, afterwards made Count Rumford, who became a famous philosopher and 
 scientist, known throughout Europe. John Fiske, the historian, in his History of 
 the United States, says that Rumford was the greatest scientist America has pro- 
 duced, and it is as a scientist that he is honoured in his native town. In 1784, he 
 was knighted by the King of England, and in 1791 was created a Count of the 
 Holy Roman Empire by the Elector of Bavaria. He chose the title of Rumford in 
 honour of Rumford, now Concord, New Hampshire, with which town his wife's 
 family was prominently identified in the days of the early settlement. Count 
 Rumford was founder, with a large endowment, of the Rumford Medal of the 
 American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and of the Rumford Professorship in 
 Harvard College. In an article pubhshed in the Youth's Companion, August 26, 
 1920, the late President Dr. Maclaurin of the Massachusetts Institute of Tech- 
 nology gives an interesting account of some of Rumford 's inventions and experi- 
 ments — "experiments that set the scientific world thinking and working in the 
 right direction." 
 
 A statue of Rumford was erected on the lawn of the Woburn Public Library in 
 1900, the inscription on the pedestal, prepared by President Charles W. Eliot of 
 Harvard College, reading in part: — 
 
 THE EARLIEST 
 
 SCIENTIFIC PHILANTHROPIST 
 
 HE PROVED THAT HEAT IS MOTION 
 
 AND HAD A GLIMPSE 
 
 OF THE GREAT DOCTRINE 
 
 KNOWN LATER AS 
 
 THE CONSERVATION OF ENERGY 
 
 The house in which Rumford was born is still standing in North Woburn and 
 is owned and maintained as a museum of local antiquities by the Rumford Histori- 
 cal Association, organized and incorporated in 1877 for that purpose. 
 
 In North Woburn there is a statue of Loammi Baldwin, a contemporary and
 
 2i8 WOBURN, MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 lifelono- friend of Rumford. The inscription states briefly his career, mentioning 
 also the fact that he was one of the proprietors and a principal constructor of the 
 Middlesex Canal, the first sheriff of Middlesex County, and then recording that 
 he was 
 
 DISSEMINATOR OF THE APPLE 
 
 IN HONOR OF HIM CALLED 
 
 THE BALDWIN 
 
 ^VHICH PROCEEDED FROM A TREE 
 
 ORIGINALLY GROWING WILD 
 
 ABOUT TWO MILES NORTH 
 
 OF THIS MONUMENT 
 
 The Rumford Historical Association erected a monument some years ago near 
 Chestnut Street (formerly Butters Row) in that part of old Woburn now Wilming- 
 ton, Massachusetts, to mark the site of this original Baldwin apple tree. 
 
 It may be interesting also to mention that ancestors of Presidents Pierce, Har- 
 rison and Cleveland are buried in the old cemetery on Park Street in Woburn, 
 while North Woburn has the distinction not only of being the birthplace of Count 
 Rumford and of Col. Loammi Baldwin, but is also proud of the fact that it is the 
 home of Grover Cleveland's first American ancesto-rs. 
 
 In its Library building, Woburn possesses one of Richardson's masterpieces of 
 architecture and on the walls of the reading-room is a collection of views of Woburn 
 Abbey. 
 
 The citizens of Woburn still take a great interest in the mother town, and several 
 of them have visited there in recent years. 
 
 YORK, MAINE 
 
 YORK, Maine, may well be proud of the source from which she received her 
 name, for that ancient cathedral city in Yorkshire on the banks of the 
 Ouse, with its quaint and narrow streets, is most attractive and appeals 
 to people of almost every taste. One of the lanes is called the Shambles and it 
 is so narrow that neighbors on opposite sides can shake hands from the upper floors; 
 there is another street in the city called Whipmawhopmagate, so named because 
 it was the boundary for the public whipping of delinquents at the cart tail, a prac- 
 tice used even on women at one time. According to legendary history, York was 
 founded about looo B.C. by a Northumbrian king who christened it "Ebauricus." 
 One thousand years later, authentic history records this city as being in the hands 
 of the conquering Romans, who called it "Eboracum." Its present name of 
 York is thought to be a possible contraction of the name "Jorvick," which was 
 given to it during Danish occupancy. With the second campaign of Agricola in 
 79 A.D., the history of York is clearly defined and soon afterwards we learn that the
 
 YORK, MAINE 
 
 221 
 
 Emperor Hadrian here com- 
 pleted the famous chain of forts 
 known as the " Pict Wall," which 
 almost surrounds the city and 
 provides a delightful walk. 
 Examples of their ancient build- 
 ings also exist. Constantine the 
 Great was proclaimed Emperor 
 in 306 by the Roman Legion 
 then stationed there. There, 
 also, was held the great slave 
 market where many a maid and 
 lad were sold in the Roman days 
 to be conveyed to Rome. 
 
 In mediaeval days, the place 
 became the scene of struggles 
 between Britons, Saxons and 
 Danes. There is a tradition that 
 the famous King Arthur, after 
 defeating ninety thousand 
 Saxons on Baden hills, took up 
 his residence in York and with 
 the chivalrous knights and fair 
 ladies of his Court celebrated 
 the first Christmas festival ever 
 held in England. In these days 
 York was surrounded by deep 
 forests and no one dared leave 
 the city without an armed guard on account of the bandits and robbers who 
 infested the outlying regions. In i486, Henry VII visited York and the citizens, 
 to quote the records on this occasion, "drank the city dry." To Americans, York 
 will have another special interest, for in the Fulford Cemetery lie many of our 
 brave boys, including some from our York, who died in the EngUsh city during 
 the Great War. 
 
 York Minster is one of the most majestic cathedrals in the world and is enriched 
 by innumerable historic associations. After having passed through the changes 
 and additions of eight and a half centuries and the many sanguinary and thrilling 
 scenes enacted at its feet, it was reconsecrated in 1472. The magnificent windows 
 of medieval glass, the stone carvings and tracery, and the famous bell called "Big 
 Tom," which tolls forth the hours to the passing generations, are features of this 
 Cathedral. 
 
 From a photograph 
 
 THE SHAMBLES, 
 
 Kindness Ian Forbes-kohertson, Esq. 
 
 YORK, ENGLAND 
 
 This street is so narrow that neighbors on opposite sides can 
 shake hands from the upper floors.
 
 Photographed by Joseph Duncan and M. A. C. Le:vis, York, England 
 
 CITY WALLS, YORK, ENGLAND, 
 part of the ancient defences of the city, upon which one can walk for miles 
 
 Kindness Ian Forbes-Robertson, Esq. 
 
 From " The Beginnings of Colonial Maine," by Henry S. Burrage, D.D., Historian of 
 
 ST. BUDEAUX CHURCH, NEAR TLYMOUTH, ENGLAND, IN WHICH IS THE MEMORIAL TO 
 
 SIR FERDINANDO GORGES 
 
 Sir Ferdinando Gorges took a great interest in the early colonization of New England and particularly of 
 the territory now included in Maine. He was interested in the voyages of Cantain Waymouth and the 
 Popham colonists to Bath; he was given the title of "Governor of New England," received a royal charter 
 and changed the name of the'territory near the present York, Maine, from Agamenticus to Gorgeana. The 
 name York was given later, in 1652.
 
 YORK, MAINE 223 
 
 In York, the State of Maine possesses the first chartered city of America, and 
 Sir Ferdinando Gorges, its founder, has been called "the Father of American Coloni- 
 zation." Of his thus honouring the Httle hamlet of Agamenticus at the base of the 
 mountain bearing this same Indian name, Bancroft says, "She became a chartered 
 borough, and Sir Ferdinando, like another Romulus, resolved to perpetuate his 
 name, and under the name of 'Gorgeana' the land around York became as good a 
 city as seals and parchment, a Mayor and Aldermen, a Chancery Court, Courtleet, 
 Sargeants and white rods can make of a town of 300 inhabitants." Sir Ferdinando 
 opened his grand and imposing Charter, creating Gorgeana a city of twenty-one 
 square miles, by saying, "Whereas his Majesty, King of England, hath created me 
 Absolute Lord of ye Province of Mayne," — then he proceeds to confer on his be- 
 loved city, which he idealized with promise of future glory, a chartered form of 
 government, nobly planned, which covered many feet of parchment. An anony- 
 mous poet refers to the founding of this First City in America in the following 
 lines : — 
 
 "For hither came a knightly train 
 
 From o'er the sea with gorgeous court; 
 The mayors gowned in robes of state, 
 Held brilliant tourney on the plain. 
 And massive ships within the port 
 
 Discharged their load of richest freight. 
 Then when at night the sun went down 
 
 Behind the western hill and tree, 
 The bowls were filled, — this toast they crown, 
 'Long live the City by the Sea!'" 
 
 This city by the sea, the favored namesake of Gorges and later of old York, 
 fell heir to the tragic fortunes of both its founder and the elder city, although Thomas 
 Gorges, coming here as Deputy Governor for his uncle Sir Ferdinando, strove most 
 faithfully to carry out the constructive plans of his relative. The two Gorges made 
 most of their plans from Bristol, England, although the memorial to Thomas Gorges 
 is in Heavitree Church, near Exeter, and the one to Sir Ferdinando Gorges is in St. 
 Budeaux Church, near Plymouth. With the fall of King Charles, involving the 
 elder Gorges, a staunch royalist, in financial ruin and imprisonment,. the struggling 
 city of Gorgeana was left without head or support from the adverse Cromwelhan 
 rule. Its inhabitants found their lands and possessions tossed back and forth for 
 the next forty years, while they defended themselves, unaided, from their garrison 
 houses against the treacherous Indians. One of these garrison houses, built in 
 1645, is still standing in perfect condition just above the old swinging bridge on 
 the bank of York River. 
 
 In 1652, Massachusetts having succeeded for the time being in her claim upon 
 Maine territory, Gorgeana was reorganized into the town of York, as the shire 
 town of Yorkshire County. In 1623, Christopher Levett, who was born in York,
 
 2 24 
 
 YORK, MAINE 
 
 #( 
 
 From " The Beginnings of Colonial Maine" by Henry S. Burrage, D.D., Historian of Maine 
 
 CHURCH AT LONG ASHTON, ENGLAND, IN WHICH SIR FERDINANDO GORGES WAS 
 
 BURIED 
 
 England, in 1576, had bestowed this same name of York on the territory then 
 called by the curious name of "Quack," situated on the western shores of Casco 
 Bay, off Portland. Levett explored the Maine coast, returning in the following 
 year. He was in Salem when John Endicott came there and welcomed him to these 
 shores. He sold his interests in Maine and died on the homeward voyage. His 
 father, Percival Levett, was City Chamberlain of York, England, in 1584 and sheriff 
 in 1597-98. The county jail in York, built in 1653, is still standing and is now 
 put to beneficent use by the York Historical Society, which maintains it as a museum 
 of local antiquities. 
 
 York's crowning tragedy, however, befell in January, 1692, when a force of 
 Indians gathered under the darkness of a winter's night on the snowy slope of Mt. 
 Agamenticus, overlooking the sleeping town, and in the grey of the morning pounced 
 upon the unwarned settlement, ruthlessly tomahawking family after family until 
 over half the inhabitants were thus cruelly massacred. The feeble remnant still 
 refused to desert the beloved locality, and struggled on, later becoming a prosperous 
 fishing and farming community. 
 
 Rev. Shubael Dummer, who organized the first Congregational church in York 
 in 1662, was a graduate of Harvard College in 1656. As late as the year 1769 we 
 find a curious regulation among the church records that "singing was permitted to
 
 YORK, MAINE 225 
 
 the lower floor, if persons occupying the designated pews fit them up at their own 
 expense." 
 
 Of recent years, York, ]Maine, has become one of the most fashionable and 
 attractive summer resorts of our entire New England coast. 
 
 CROSSED SWORDS OF COLONEL WILLIAM PRESCOTT AND CAPTAIN JOHN LINZEE 
 
 mounted on a tablet in the library of the Massachusetts Historical Society. Colonel Prescott was a leader 
 of the .American troops at Bunker Hill while Captain Linzee commanded the British sloop-of-war "Falcon" 
 which acted against the Americans during this famous battle. By a romantic coincidence these swords 
 came into the possession of the Massachusetts Historical Society through the will of William Hickling 
 Prescott, the celebrated historian, grandson of Colonel Prescott, who married Susan Amory, a grand- 
 daughter of Captain Linzee. The international fame of these weapons has been recorded by Thackeray 
 in "The Virginians." The occasion of the presentation of the swords to the Historical Society brought 
 forth from Rev. Nathaniel Langdon Frothingham, D.D., a poem entitled "The Crossed Swords" which 
 for many years appeared in American school books. To the people of Massachusetts a further interest 
 attaches to the history of these swords as a granddaughter of William Hickling Prescott became the wife 
 of Roger Wolcott, late Governor of this Commonwealth. 
 
 In concluding this account of the ties which exist between New England and 
 Old England, Ireland and Scotland, it is, perhaps, fitting to recall, in view of recent 
 world events, the vision of Alfred Tennyson who, in 1852, expressed what he hoped 
 America's part would be if England were ever called upon to fight a "tyrant's" 
 power. Little did he then know how his hope was to be fulfilled after a lapse of 
 sixty-five years. This was the noble feeling to which he then gave utterance: — 
 
 "Gigantic daughter of the West, 
 
 We drink to thee across the flood, 
 W^e know thee most, we love thee best, 
 
 For art thou not of English blood? 
 Should War's mad blast again be blown, 
 
 Permit not thou the tyrant's power 
 To fight thv mother here alone. 
 
 But let thy broadsides roar with ours. 
 Hands all around! 
 
 God the tyrant's cause confound; 
 To our great kinsmen in the West 
 
 And the great cause of freedom, round and round." 
 
 THE END
 
 ERRATA IN PART I 
 
 Page t8, 
 
 Page 42, 
 
 Page 66, 
 
 Page 93, 
 
 Page 94, 
 
 Page 95' 
 
 Page 108, 
 
 Page 145, 
 
 Page 194, 
 
 Page 200, 
 
 ine I. For "first" read "second." 
 
 ast line. For "Whittier" read "Emerson." 
 
 ine 19. Omit "by Punch." 
 
 ine 31. For "grandfather" read "father." 
 
 ine I. For "right" read "left." 
 
 ine 3. " Francis Rotch " not " Francis Russell " launched the first vessel in Dartmouth. 
 
 ine 4. For " then " read " later." 
 
 ine I. Omit "Jr." after "John Winthrop." 
 
 ine 32. For "Bourne" read "Sandwich" Public Library. 
 
 ine I. Read "The Earl of Sandwich, who died in 1792, derived his title from Sandwich, 
 England; . . . ." 
 
 We have had a report from Dorchester, England, that the Roman pavement mentioned on 
 page 116 was found in All Saints Glebe land, at the rebuilding of certain cottages and new road- 
 making, although the tablet quoted on page 118 gives another version of the finding of this relic.
 
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