I . % S-1 
 
 THE LIBRARY 
 
 OF 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY 
 
 OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 LOS ANGELES
 
 
 AN EXAMINATION 
 
 HOME RULE BILL OF 1893. 
 
 iti) an ^jjpentiix 
 
 CONTAINING 
 
 THE FULL TEXT OF THE MEASURE ITSELF, 
 
 DUBLIN: 
 
 HODGES, FIGGIS, & CO. (Ltd.), 104, GRAFTON-STREET. 
 WILLIAM M'GEE, 18, NASSAU-STREET. 
 
 PUBLISHED BY 
 THE LIBERAL UNION OF IRELAND, 45, DAME-ST., DUBLIN. 
 
 APRIL, i8g3.
 
 \4\3 
 
 i'*'^^ 
 
 L.GI 
 
 t/i 
 
 CO 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 In publishing the following Report on the provisions of the 
 Government of Ireland Bill, the Executive Council of the 
 Liberal Union of Ireland think it well, by way of preface, 
 to republish the following resolution, adopted soon after 
 the introduction of the Bill: — 
 
 "That, having considered the Government of Ireland Bill, 1893, the 
 
 ^ Liberal Union of Ireland is as strongly as ever convinced that no 
 
 oc system of separate Legislature can be devised which will not be fraught 
 
 2 with injury and disaster to Ireland and to Great Britain ; that the 
 
 measure, as introduced by Mr. Gladstone, places Ireland in a position 
 
 of permanent inferiority to Great Britain, and would, if passed, be 
 
 destructive of the best interests of the country, and would tend to 
 
 perpetuate disunion and strife both in Ireland and between Ireland and 
 
 ^^Great Britain, and that no amendment of the Bill can render its essen- 
 
 ^tial principle just, or its operation beneficial." 
 
 CD 
 
 t-H The more full and careful consideration, which the 
 Lu Executive Council have since given to the details of the 
 
 Bill has confirmed them in the opinion expressed in this 
 
 resolution. 
 
 They are strengthened in their conviction that the 
 
 establishment of a separate Legislature in Ireland, with 
 
 an Executive dependent on it, must end in disaster. The 
 g Bill proposes a system of financial relations between Ire- 
 5 land and the Imperial Government, which at the outset 
 ^ must create a conflict of interests sure to engender 
 
 animosity and strife, — whilst, so far as the internal affairs 
 
 .'J8';'228
 
 4 Preface. 
 
 of Ireland are concerned, her new Government is treated 
 with such distrust, and so rigidly bound in financial fetters 
 as to be foredoomed to failure. This much-vaunted message 
 of peace must prove the starting-point of a new and em- 
 bittered struggle. 
 
 That ]\Ir. Gladstone, with his long Parliamentary prac- 
 tice, and the experience gained by his failure in 1886, should 
 now, after seven years of study and preparation, produce a 
 measure so absolutely unworkable and mischievous, is a 
 clear proof that the Home Rule problem is incapable of 
 solution, in the practical form of an Act of Parliament. 
 Immense injury has already been caused to the whole 
 United Kingdom by the mere introduction, on ]\Iinisterial 
 responsibility, of this proposal, as an alternative to the 
 continuous and steady administration of Irish affairs under 
 the existing Constitution by an Executive directly respon- 
 sible to the Imperial Parliament — a Parliament which has 
 shown itself both able and willing to grant to Ireland 
 redress of every real grievance, and to carry into effect 
 every legislative change proved to be requisite or desirable 
 in her interest. 
 
 The more closely the Bill is looked at, the more danger- 
 ous will its concessions appear, and the more illusory its 
 safeguards. As a contribution to an exact and dispas- 
 sionate examination of the Bill the present pamphlet has 
 been prepared.
 
 THE GOVERNMENT OF IRELAND BILL, 
 
 1893. 
 
 The Bill " to amend the provision for the Government Principle of 
 of Ireland," which was introduced into the House of Com- '^^^ ■^^'^• 
 mons, on the 13th of February last, by Mr. Gladstone, is, in 
 its framework, the same Bill that was rejected on its second 
 reading in 1886. There have been many changes made in 
 the draft, some merely verbal, others small and unimportant, 
 and several large and most material ; but on the whole the 
 Bill of 1893 is the Bill of 1886, with certain alterations put 
 in for the purpose of meeting objections coming from friends 
 rather than from foes. In the first place, the principle 
 underlying both Bills is the same ; they both purport to hand 
 over all the powers which are naturally vested in an indepen- 
 dent Legislature, to the Statutory Legislature of Ireland, 
 save such as are therein afterwards excepted. The second 
 clause in the Bill of 1893, though it differs slightly in language 
 from the corresponding section of the Bill of 1886, has pre- 
 cisely the same meaning. It will be sufficient to quote the 
 clause in the Bill of 1893. 
 
 "With the exceptions and subject to the restrictions in this 
 Act mentioned, there shall )be granted to the Irish Legislature 
 power to make laws for the peace, order, and good government 
 of Ireland in respect of matters exclusively relating to Ireland or 
 some part thereof." 
 
 In other words, subject to the exceptions which appear on 
 the face of the Bill, sovereign power is handed over to the 
 Irish Legislature. 
 
 B
 
 Federal 
 
 systems — 
 
 United 
 
 States, 
 
 Germany, 
 
 Canada. 
 
 The Government of Ireland Bill, 1893. 
 
 This, in itself, is somewhat startling. A supreme Parlia- 
 ment, desiring to keep itself supreme, would be much 
 more likely to delegate certain definite rights and duties to 
 a subordinate assembly, keeping within itself the great mass 
 of undefined and almost indefinable powers, than to divest 
 itself of all these powers, with certain specific exceptions 
 and restrictions. The case of Ireland is so different from 
 anything to be found elsewhere throughout the world, that 
 there are very few analogies which afford much help. In 
 the United States and in Germany, where a federal system is 
 in existence, the various "States" delegated powers to the 
 central government to be used in a certain manner and for 
 certain specific purposes, but the Legislatures which were 
 sovereign before, remained sovereign still, save with regard 
 to those matters over which they had renounced their control. 
 In Canada, on the other hand, definite powers were dele- 
 gated by the Dominion Parliament to the subordinate legis- 
 latures, and the sovereignty remained in the supreme and 
 central government. INIr. Gladstone, curiously enough, has 
 gone for his pattern not to the most analogous case, namely, 
 that of Canada, but rather to cases absolutely distinct in 
 principle and standing on a different basis. The federal idea 
 runs all through his arrangement, and yet federation cannot 
 enter into his calculation, and is under the circumstances 
 impossible. Ireland is, with important exceptions, given the 
 powers which a sovereign State, desirous, for the purposes of 
 defence or otherwise, of coming together with one or more 
 other sovereign States, would reserve to itself. 
 
 To this it may be answered that the Imperial Parliament 
 is still supreme, and that the Bill recites in its preamble the 
 fact of this supremacy. 
 
 iiupremacy of " Whereas it is expedient that without impairing or restricting 
 Imperial the supreme authority of Parliament, an Irish Legislature should 
 
 Parliament. -^^ created for such purposes in Ireland as in this Act men- 
 tioned." 
 
 The words of a preamble to a Bill have no legal force 
 whatever, except so far as they throw light on the meaning of
 
 Principle of the Measure. 
 
 some clause in the Bill itself. As a matter of fact, these 
 words do throw light on a clause at the very end of the 
 Bill, which is of enormous importance. Clause ■^■^ enacts 
 that : 
 
 "The Irish Legislature may repeal or alter any provision of 
 this Act which is by this Act expressly made alterable by that 
 Legislature, and also any enactments in force in Ireland, except 
 such as either relate to matters beyond the powers of the Irish 
 Legislature, or being enacted by ParliaTneni after the passing 
 of this Act may be expressly extended to Ireland. An Irish 
 Act, notwithstanding it is in any respect repugnant to any enact- 
 ment excepted as aforesaid, shall, though read subject to that 
 enactment, be, except to the extent of that repugnancy, valid." 
 
 The words in italics give power to the Imperial Parliament 
 at any time to pass an Act relating to Ireland, which the 
 Irish Legislature may not repeal or alter. 
 
 The Bill, therefore, first asserts the absolute sovereignty of 
 the Imperial Legislature, then makes another Legislature 
 sovereign, save as to certain definite subjects, and finally 
 proceeds to give the Parliament in Westminster power to 
 legislate over the head of the sovereign Legislature which it 
 has created. The result could not but be disastrous. A con- 
 flict of powers and of claims must arise which a court might 
 decide, but could never really settle. 
 
 It is impossible to find any word which will express the 
 position of such a Legislature. It is not " co-ordinate " with 
 the Imperial Legislature, for Acts of Parliament can be 
 passed by the latter dealing with matters under the jurisdic- 
 tion of the Irish Legislature without its consent ; and it is not 
 truly subordinate, for it is quasi-sovereign. 
 
 It is not difficult to imagine circumstances arising under 
 which the Imperial Legislature might be almost forced to 
 pass some Act having Ireland within its scope. This Act 
 would, in all probability, be one which the Irish Legislature 
 could, but would not pass. Immediately a conflict must arise, 
 and the Legislature in Dublin would say : " You have given us 
 complete powers of legislation in this particular matter. How, 
 then, can you also legislate with regard to it } Either our 
 
 B 2
 
 The Government of Ireland Billj 1893. 
 
 power is complete, or it is not. If it is, then you are acting 
 ultra vires : if it is not, then the second section of the Act is 
 a nullity — a mere paper right — a power de Jure) and not de 
 facto." It is clear that such a fundamental dispute as this 
 could only end by the Imperial Legislature either conceding 
 everything, or destroying the statutory Parliament : in other 
 words, reconquering the country. 
 
 Exceptions from the Powers of the Irish Legislature. 
 
 Restrictions. It follows from the above, that whether the Irish Legisla- 
 ture be sovereign or not, it will probably act as if sovereign, 
 subject, of course, to the exceptions and restrictions set forth 
 in clauses 3 and 4. Clauses 3 is tolerably clear. 
 
 Crown. " The Irish Legislature shall not have power to make laws in 
 
 in respect to — (i) the Crown, or the succession to the Crown, or 
 the Regency, or the Lord Lieutenant as representative of the 
 
 War. Crown ; (2) the making of peace or war, or matters arising from 
 
 a state of war ; ' ' 
 
 It could not, for instance, declare itself neutral, or legislate 
 as to prize or booty of war ; but it might pass resolutions 
 expressing sympathy with one of the combatants in a Euro- 
 pean war, and by so doing might bring the Queen's Govern- 
 ment into great trouble. For instance, if an Irish Legislature 
 had existed in 1870, the probability is that it would have 
 passed many resolutions of sympathy with France. Such 
 resolutions would have been immediately followed by per- 
 emptory demands for explanation from Prince Bismarck. 
 
 Naval or " (3) Naval or military forces or the defence of the realm ; " 
 
 military 
 
 fo'ces. It could not, for instance, meddle with the coastguards. 
 
 In the Bill of 1886 the words ?nilitia and volunteers were in- 
 serted in this 3rd sub-clause. It is clear that militia would 
 come under the words military forces ; but a very serious 
 question might arise as to whether the sub-clause would 
 prevent the Irish Legislature from equipping and subsidizing 
 a volunteer force.
 
 Restrictions. 9 
 
 "(4) Treaties with foreign States; (5) dignities or titles of Treaties, &c. 
 honour ; (6) Treason, treason-felony, alienage and naturaliza- 
 tion ; (7) trade with any place out of Ireland, quarantine and 
 navigation ; (8) beacons, lighthouses, &c. ; (9) coinage, legal 
 tender, standard of weights and measures ; (10) trade marks, 
 copyright or patent rights." 
 
 Most of these are matters which in any federal system 
 would of necessity be left to the federal Government ; and 
 even if the Irish Legislature had the sovereign powers to 
 which it will probably lay claim, it would not be likely to 
 quarrel about them. The seventh restriction, however, is Trade. 
 one which it is certain to endeavour, by fair means or foul, 
 to get repealed. The one thing, which Irishmen of nearly 
 all shades of opinion believe in, is protection for Irish indus- 
 tries. Sub-clause 7 prevents the Legislature from putting 
 on any kind of duty, or, indeed, meddling in any way with 
 the imports into Ireland. Neither will it be able to give 
 direct bounties to Irish manufacturers, for the purpose of 
 encouraging an export trade. It might, however, indirectly 
 do the same thing by, for instance, relieving certain kinds of 
 manufactures from local taxation, or by otherwise assisting 
 particular industries. 
 
 Further Restrictions. 
 
 Clause 4 says, that 
 
 "The power of the Irish Legislature shall not extend to the Establishment 
 making of any law : (i) respecting the establishment or endow- ^"^ endow- 
 ment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; (2) i"^" i-elimon 
 posing any disability or conferring any privilege on account of RpjjrnQug 
 rehgious belief ; ' ' privileges. 
 
 There is, however, nothing to prevent large grants being 
 made to convent schools in aid of education, or even to indi- 
 vidual bishops or priests for the same purpose, or, for that 
 matter, for the purpose of building churches and cathedrals, 
 or, indeed, for almost any other exclusively religious pur- 
 pose ; nor is there anything to prevent the Irish Legislature 
 permitting religious processions through the streets, or passing
 
 10 The Government of Ireland Bill, 1893. 
 
 an Act making words spoken in contempt of the Catholic 
 Church, or even of a priest, sacrilege, and a crime entailing 
 severe punishment. 
 
 Denoniina- " (3) The abrogating or prejudicially affecting the right to es- 
 
 tional Charity, tablish or maintain anyplace of denominational education or any 
 denominational institution or charity ;" 
 
 This sub-clause will not prevent the Legislature from 
 specially taxing such institutions, or from appointing inspec- 
 tors for the purpose of spying on and harassing the inmates, 
 or of punishing the governors and managers severely, in cases 
 of supposed proselytism. 
 
 Schools. " (4) Prejudicially affecting the right of any child to attend a 
 
 school receiving public money without attending the religious 
 instruction at that school ;" 
 
 This will not prevent the Government from handing the 
 schools into the hands of the priests ; from allowing them 
 to choose the school books, fix the curriculum, put up 
 religious emblems, and generally to turn the National 
 Schools into denominational institutions. Nor will it pre- 
 vent the Legislature from refusing grants of public money to 
 any school which does not conform to the standard. 
 
 Personal " (S) Whereby any person may be deprived of life, liberty, or 
 
 liberty. property without due process 0/ law, or may be denied the equal 
 
 protection of the laws, or whereby private property may be taken 
 without just compensation ; or 
 Corporations. (6) Whereby any existing corporation incorporated by Royal 
 Charter or by any local or general Act of Parliament (not being a 
 corporation raising for public purposes taxes, rates, cess, dues, or 
 tolls, or administering funds so raised) may, unless it consents, 
 or the leave of Her Majesty is first obtaijied o?t address from 
 the two Houses of the Irish Legislature, be deprived of its 
 rights, privileges, or property without due process of law ;" 
 
 These two sub-clauses are probably the most illusory in 
 the whole Act. The words '■^without due process of law' ^ are 
 vague and exceedingly elastic ; they evidently refer to the 
 executive and judicial processes of the law, and as they are 
 not confined to the present law, they must mean due process
 
 Restrictions. 11 
 
 of the law existing at the time. When it is recollected 
 what enormous powers the Legislature will have of changing 
 the law, it will easily be seen how completely life^ liberty, and 
 property y^WX be in the hands of those in power. Even without 
 these words it would probably be easy to evade the clause, 
 but with them they become worthless. Sub-clause 6 also 
 gives power to deprive Trinity College, for instance, of its Trinity 
 rights, privileges, and property, by leave of Her Majesty on C°^'^g^- 
 address of the two Houses of the Irish Legislature. Now, 
 it seems likely, considering that the Members of the two 
 Houses would for a long time be the nominees of the 
 clerical party that Her Majesty's Lord Lieutenant would very 
 soon be addressed on the subject, and if he refused more 
 than once or twice to give his assent, there would probably 
 be unpleasant work. 
 
 " (7) Whereby any inhabitant of the United Kingdom may be Sea fisheries, 
 deprived of legal rights as respects public sea fisheries." 
 
 This sub-clause is evidently put in to prevent the Irish 
 Legislature from interfering with English, Scotch, and Manx 
 fishing-boats whilst fishing off the Irish coast, but it will not 
 prevent it from practically forbidding them to enter Irish 
 harbours, either by levying excessive port dues, or otherwise. 
 
 The above slight criticism of these restrictive sections will 
 show how very illusory any such restrictions are, where virtual 
 sovereignty resides in the restricted Legislature. Detailed as 
 they are in the 3rd and 4th clauses of the Bill, it appears as if 
 an enormous number of matters were excepted from the pur- 
 view of the Irish Legislature, but if the powers given by the 
 l^ill were to be set out side by side with the restrictions, the 
 latter would very quickly shrink to their proper insignificance, 
 and it would be shown how totally inadequate they would be 
 to afford any protection to the minority. For instance, the 
 Irish Legislature would be able to revolutionize the criminal Powers of the 
 law ; might abolish trial by jury ; might change the whole ^S'slature. 
 system of legal procedure ; might relieve clerics from re- 
 sponsibility to the ordinary law of the land, and re-introduce
 
 12 
 
 The Government of Ireland Bill^ 1893. 
 
 ecclesiastical courts, before which alone priests could be 
 tried ; might legalize the Plan of Campaign by staying all 
 processes for the resumption of possession of land ; might 
 take away the right of public meeting ; might, in fact alter 
 almost every principle of law, and repeal every Act, by virtue 
 of which, although we think so little about it, our lives, 
 liberties, rights, and properties are now secured, and our 
 social relationships settled. 
 
 The Executive (Clause 5). 
 
 Executive. Clause 5 deals with the executive government of Ireland. 
 
 The Lord Lieutenant, as representing the Queen, is to be 
 head of the Executive. He is to be aided and advised by an 
 Executive Committee of the Privy Council, " being of such 
 numbers and comprising persons holding such offices as Her 
 Majesty may think fit, or as ?/iaj' be directed by Irish Ac/." 
 
 Executive That is to say, the Irish Legislature may direct that the 
 
 Privy Council. Executive Committee is to be of the number of, say, nine 
 persons, and shall always comprise : — The Prime Minister, 
 the Chancellor of the Exchequer, the Home Secretary, the 
 Lord Chancellor, the Lord Mayor of Dublin, and also such one 
 of the Roman Catholic Bishops for the time being, as shall 
 be IMinister for Education ; and, apparently, whether they 
 had been called by the Queen to Her Privy Council or not. 
 The clause goes on to provide that, o?i the advice of this 
 Executive Committee^ the Lord Lieutenant shall give or with- 
 hold his assent to Bills which have passed the two Houses 
 of the Irish Legislature, unless special instructions are sent 
 by the Queen in respect of any such Bills. 
 
 Cabinet. It is well to recollect that the Executive Coinrnittee of the 
 
 Privy Coimcil is only the legal name for ''the Cabinet." The 
 " Cabinet" of the United Kingdom, so well known to every 
 politician, is a body unknown to the Law. It is merely a 
 Committee of the Privy Council formed of the great execu- 
 tive officers of State. The Irish Cabinet will thus be the 
 Irish Executive, and will be dependent on popular favour
 
 The Executive. 13 
 
 and subject to popular control. This system works well in 
 England, because it has developed slowly through centuries, 
 and is the outcome of the peculiar political genius of 
 Englishmen. In the United States it does not exist. There 
 the Executive is separate from and independent of the Legis- 
 lature, and is therefore not directly controlled by popular vote. 
 In Ireland, where political passion runs so high, it is a 
 •dangerous thing to make the Executive dependent on popular 
 favour. Will Irish ministers, to whom large powers are sud- 
 denly granted, have the courage to defy popular demands and 
 to carry out the law justly and firmly } Judging from the 
 men who are likely to be the first Irish ministers, it seems 
 hardly likely, and yet if they do not, revolution will occur in 
 Ireland with all its attendant horrors and confusion. It may 
 further be added that by this Bill the United Kingdom will 
 .give up all executive control in Ireland. Not a single execu- 
 tive office will be responsible to the Imperial Parliament, and 
 in case Ireland should refuse to carry out a law made in 
 Westminster, Great Britain will have to employ the army to 
 ■enforce obedience. There will be no other means left. 
 
 The Legislature (Clauses 6 & 7). 
 
 The clauses dealing with the Constitution of the Irish The Legisla- 
 Legislature are the simplest in the Bill. There are to be "'^' 
 two houses, called respectively, the Irish Legislative Council 
 and the Irish Legislative Assembly. The Council is to consist Legislative 
 of 48 Councillors ; the Legislative Assembly of 103 members. " . , '. 
 No man will be entitled to be registered as an elector to Assembly, 
 •vote at the election of Councillor, unless he owns or occupies 
 land or tenements in the constituency of a rateable value of mo7-e 
 -than twenty pounds: the franchise for the Assembly will 
 remain for six years the same as at present. The term of 
 office of every Councillor will be eight years — will not be 
 .aff"ected by a dissolution of the Assembly — and one-haif of 
 the Councillors must retire every four years ; the Legislative 
 Assembly will, unless sooner dissolved, have continuance 
 ■^ox five years, and no longer. No elector will be entitled to
 
 14 The Government of Ireland Billy 1893. 
 
 vote in more than one constitne7icy for a CounciUor ; but for the 
 
 Assembly, the present law will obtain until changed. After 
 
 Power to alter j/jv-jra/'f from the passing of the Act, the Irish Legislature 
 
 EiGctioii 
 
 Laws. "^^i'^ t)e able to alter the qualifications" of electors for the 
 
 Constitution Assembly, the constituencies, and the distribution of members 
 
 of the Assem- among the constituencies ; but no power is given by clause 6 
 bly and , , , . , , ,• • , , /^ -i /t> 
 
 Council. to alter the election laws dealing with the Council, (rower, 
 
 however, is given to the Irish Legislature, by clause 32, as 
 explained by the definition ^of "election laws" given in 
 clause 39, to alter these laws at its pleasure, save such as 
 refer to the qualification of electors.) The constituencies of 
 the Legislative Council are set out in the ist schedule to the 
 Act ; the constituencies to elect the Assembly will remain 
 the same as at present. 
 
 The effect of the above clause may be put in a few words. 
 The Legislative Assembly, which will be the Irish House of 
 Commons, will for si.K years number 103 (the number of 
 members now sent to Westminster) ; will be elected by the 
 same constituencies as these 103, and on the same franchise. 
 After the lapse of six years the Irish Government will be able 
 to introduce "universal suffrage," to double or halve the 
 number of members, to redistribute the representation as they 
 think fit or in any other way to change the present " elec- 
 tion laws." The present distribution of seats is extremely 
 unfair. The south and west are greatly over-represented 
 and the north much under-represented. The Bill does not 
 propose to remedy these anomalies, but on the contrary, 
 notwithstanding the principle laid down in clause 7, sub- 
 clause 3, that due regard is to be had to the population in 
 any fresh distribution of the constituencies, it attempts to 
 perpetuate them in the interests of the Nationalists. The 
 Legislative Council will correspond in a feeble way to the 
 House of Lords. It will be chosen by an electorate com- 
 posed of all those who possess lands or houses of the value 
 of/20 and upwards, and no power is given to the Irish 
 Legislature to reduce the franchise. The constituencies, as 
 set out in the schedule, which are to elect this Council have 
 been thoroughly gerrymandered in favour of the majority.
 
 The Legislature. 15 
 
 For instance there will be no divisions in large counties or 
 boroughs. Dublin county will not be divided into north and 
 south Dublin, each returning a member, but the whole 
 county will return three members. It is easy to see how this 
 arrangement will prejudice the minority. 
 
 Clause 8 provides for the case of a disagreement between Case of dis- 
 the two houses. Under such circumstances, if, after a dis- between the 
 solution, or the lapse of two years from the disagreement, two Houses. 
 the Bill is again passed by the Legislative Assembly, and 
 fails within three months to be adopted by the Council, the 
 two houses will be bound to meet, deliberate, and vote together 
 on the Bill, and if there is then even a bare majority in its 
 favour it must be sent up to the Lord Lieutenant for his 
 assent or rejection. Now, whatever safeguard for the minority 
 in Ireland is provided by the creation of the second chamber, 
 and it is not much, this clause will entirely destroy such 
 safeguard. Supposing, for the sake of argument, that every 
 member of the Council belonged to the minority, and that 
 they had 23 representatives in the Lower House, — and they 
 could not have more under the present arrangement,— yet 
 they would be outvoted, when the two Houses came together. 
 Forty-eight and twenty-three make seventy-one, and there 
 would be a majority of eighty against them. But the minority 
 could not hope, at the outside, to return anything like one- 
 half of the Councillors, and thus we see that whatever safe- 
 guard the existence of the Council might afford is taken away 
 by this clause. It becomes absolutely void and worthless. 
 
 Representation in the House of Commons. 
 
 Clause 9 provides that Ireland shall return eighty members Eighty Mem- 
 
 to the House of Commons, and the second schedule to the ^^'^ ^"^ '^ ^ 
 
 ' House of 
 
 Act sets out the constituencies which shall elect them. This Commons, 
 schedule is just as unfair to the minority as the schedule 
 dealing with the election of Councillors. The counties are fiot 
 divided, but the electors in each will vote as a whole for two, 
 three, or four members, as the case may be ; Ulster is not given 
 its legitimate number; the southern portions of Ireland are
 
 16 The Government of Ireland Bill^ 1893. 
 
 Dublin over-represented, and Dublin University is disfranchised. 
 
 University. Irish representatives will not be permitted to vote on Bills or 
 motions confined to Great Britain ; but if any English member 
 
 Bills dealing n^oves as an amendment that the Bill be extended to Ireland, 
 
 with Ireland, the Irish members will at once be able to speak and vote on 
 it. It can easily be seen what trouble this will give rise to. 
 At any moment, some Bill, which is Imperial in its scope, 
 may come on in some of its various stages, or some English 
 obstructive may move that the Bill be extended to Ireland. 
 At once the Irish members, who between times are expected 
 to hang about the lobbies of the Houses of Parliament, will 
 be called in, and perhaps a Bill which the Ministry hope to 
 carry, or, as the case may be, to defeat, is thrown out or 
 carried. The amount of confusion which must follow is in- 
 calculable, and will make the position of the Ministry, and 
 the orderly carrying on of business, impossible. Besides all 
 this, the difficulty of deciding what is Imperial and what is 
 not will be tremendous. Almost all grants of money might 
 be held to be Imperial. Would, for instance, a grant for the 
 payment of a Labour Commission for England, or of a Com- 
 mission on Railway Rates, or a grant to the National Gallery 
 to buy some celebrated picture, be votes in which the Irish 
 members might take part ? If so, such votes might be thrown 
 out against the wishes of Englishmen and Scotchmen. In- 
 numerable and fierce disputes must arise over such points, 
 and the Speaker would be suddenly elevated into a Supreme 
 Court for the decision of large constitutional questions. Such 
 a condition of things would be intolerable. Even if votes of 
 the above kind did not come witliin the words of the 3rd 
 schedule, which sets out what is Imperial expenditure, yet 
 the Irish representatives would feel, if they were not allowed 
 to take part, that they were being defrauded of their rights, 
 for Irishmen, undoubtedly, would still contribute to this ex- 
 j)enditure. A vote dealing with the Privy Cotuicil, or the 
 Meteorological Society, or the Civil Service, which are all set 
 down as Imperial under the schedule, would not be one whit 
 more Imperial than a grant to the National Gallery, or the 
 British JMuscum, or a Coin>nissio7t on Labour. The schedule
 
 Finance. 17 
 
 of Imperial expenditure is, in itself, ridiculous. It should Schedule of 
 either contain a great many more items, or a great many less, Ji^P^"^^ 
 and in the latter case Ireland's quota should be much smaller. 
 It is drawn up on no valid principle whatever. 
 
 Finance. 
 
 The loth to the iqth clauses of the Bill, both inclusive, 
 deal with the financial relations between the two countries. 
 They are by far the most difficult and complicated clauses 
 of this complicated measure, and the most ruinous to Ireland 
 — the poorer partner. They separate the finances of the two 
 countries, and create a distinct Exchequer in Ireland. Into Irish 
 this Exchequer will be paid all the present Irish Revenue, Exchequer. 
 with the exception of the Ctisioms. The Custo?ns Duties^ Customs 
 which amount to almost two millions and a-half, will ^^^^^^• 
 still be regulated, collected, managed, and paid into the 
 Exchequer of the United Kingdom, as heretofore : that is to 
 say, English officials will be appointed in every seaport town 
 in Ireland, and the Irish Legislature will not be allowed to 
 meddle in any way with them or their functions. The total 
 Revenue of Ireland is under eight millions and a-half ; and 
 the Exchequer of the United Kingdom, will, therefore, 
 receive from the Customs considerably over one quarter as 
 Ireland's share in Imperial revenue. More than this, the 
 Customs' duties in Ireland have been, for years past, steadily 
 growing year by year. If, therefore, the sum fixed now as 
 properly representing the Imperial liabilities is a fair one, 
 then Ireland will, on the assumption that the Customs will 
 increase in the same ratio as heretofore, be paying in ten 
 years far more than her share, whilst she is getting no return 
 for her increasing trade. 
 
 All other taxes, namely, excise, income-tax, probate, ««^ Other Taxes. 
 stamp duties, the revenues of the Crown in Ireland, Postal 
 revenues, licence duties, and all miscellaneous duties, will be 
 paid into the Irish Exchequer. All these heads of revenue, 
 it is calculated, amount together to ^5,660,000, while the 
 expenditure, on the present scale, amounts to ;^5, 160,000.
 
 18 
 
 The Government of Ireland Bill ^ 1893. 
 
 Surplus to 
 commence 
 business. 
 
 First charges 
 on the Irish 
 Exchequer. 
 
 Taxation. 
 
 The surplus, therefore, which the Irish Legislature will 
 have to commence business on will only be ;i£^soo,ooo. 
 When the expenses necessary for the starting of a new 
 Government are considered, this sum will at once be seen to 
 be ridiculously inadequate. A very large portion of this 
 amount, if not the whole, would be necessary in order to 
 take over the Bank of Ireland, and remodel it into a House 
 fit for the Legislature. Ireland would, therefore, probably 
 have to commence her new national life by putting on 
 fresh taxes in order to meet the additional expenditure 
 necessary. But greater difficulties would arise. There are a 
 large number of charges which must be paid over to the 
 Exchequer of the United Kingdom before a penny can 
 be touched for Irish purposes, namely — (i) sums due for 
 interest and sinking fund payments under the Board of 
 Works, and under former Land Purchase Acts (Lord 
 Ashbourne's) and 'other loans ; (2) money now due under 
 I\Ir. Balfour's Purchase of Land Act of 1891 ; (3) salaries, 
 gratuities, and pensions due to Civil Serva7its, which are to 
 be paid in the first instance and for three years, out of 
 the English Exchequer; (4) moneys which may in the future 
 become due under the Purchase Act, and which the Land 
 Purchase accounts may be found insufficient to pay; (5) an 
 annual sum of ;^5ooo for the Lord Lieutenant's Household ; 
 (6) all existing charges on the Consolidated Fund, such as 
 for instance the salaries of the Judges, and other such 
 charges. All these must be paid on the certificate of the 
 Controller-General of the United Kingdom by order of 
 the Lord Lieutenant, without any counter-signature, before 
 any other payment can be made out of the Irish Exchequer for 
 any purpose whatever. So runs clause 14 of the Bill. Now 
 suppose, an eventuality not at all improbable, that at first 
 the Irish Government found great difficulty in collecting 
 in the interest on the money advanced to tenant farmers 
 for the purchase of their holdings (now nearly ten millions), 
 almost the whole of the available surplus of/ 500,000 would 
 disaj)pcur, and new taxation would have to be imposed 
 to meet the deficiency. But how could the Irish Govern-
 
 Finance. 1 9 
 
 tnent raise the money, or whom could they tax ? They 
 could not raise the Excise duties, for they are reserved 
 for the Imperial Parliament to raise or diminish at its 
 pleasure. They might tax the large landowners ; but very 
 little could be got out of them, for rents will assuredly not 
 be paid. They could, if they wished, and probably finally 
 would have to tax the land and the tenants, including the new 
 purchasers under Lord Ashbourne's Acts, and under Mr. Bal- 
 four's Purchase of Land Act of 1891 ; but they would hardly 
 be likely to do this, in the first instance, for in so doing they 
 would alienate the great mass of their supporters. It would 
 only remain for them to tax the merchants and professional 
 classes in the towns, and the only manner in which, under 
 such circumstances, they could raise a sufficient sum of 
 money would be by putting on a graduated income tax. Graduated 
 But immediately an attempt was made to levy such a tax, a "'^^"^^^ ^^* 
 fresh difficulty would occur. A very large number of 
 mercantile firms have business houses, and business trans- 
 actions, both in Great Britain and in Ireland, and the income 
 tax is now paid on the profits of the business as a whole and 
 without any attempt being made to separate the profits. 
 Under the Home Rule Bill, even if the tax remained the same 
 in both countries, serious trouble would probably arise 
 between the two Exchequers, over the precise amounts to be 
 paid into each. But immediately the tax was raised in Effect of 
 
 Ireland all those firms which had offices on both sides of ^^'^'"S *^jl^ 
 
 Income lax. 
 the channel would transfer the management of their business 
 
 to the less taxed country, converting their houses in Belfast 
 or Dublin into mere agents' offices. Under such circum- 
 stances, where would the business be "carried on" ? Who 
 would get the tax ? The profits would be shown in England 
 on the gross turnover of goods, though sent for actual sale to 
 agents in Ireland. Most certainly the tax would have to be 
 paid, if not altogether, to a very large extent, into the 
 Exchequer of the United Kingdom, and Ireland would con- 
 sequently suffer. 
 
 The very same difficulties and confusion would arise over the 
 collection of the "death duties." /' 
 
 20 
 
 ^.^VV)^
 
 20 The Government of Ireland Bill ^ 1893. 
 
 Clause II, sub-clause 2, seems specially drawn for the 
 purpose of enabling Great Britain to benefit by the fright- 
 ening of capital out of Ireland and by the transfer of Irish 
 business to head-quarters in England. 
 
 "A person shall not be required to pay income-tax in Great 
 Britain in respect of property situate or business carried on in 
 Ireland, and a ;persoii shall 7iot be required to ;pay income-tax 
 171 Irela7id in respect of ;pro;perty situate or business carried on 
 in Great Britain." 
 
 Mercantile Ii^ view of this clause and of the fear of the tax 
 
 Firms. being raised in Ireland, many persons would certainly endea- 
 
 vour to transfer either their capital or their business to the 
 other side of the channel. It is but fair to add that sub- 
 clause 3 provides for the payment by the Exxhequer of the 
 United Kingdom of the difference between the amount col- 
 lected in Great Britain from British, colonial, and foreign 
 securities held by residents in Ireland, and the amount col- 
 lected in Ireland from Irish securities held by residents in 
 Great Britain, but it is not suggested how these different 
 amounts are to be arrived at, and, as a matter of fact, they 
 cannot be discovered by any known statistical process. 
 This sub-clause does not affect mercantile firms, nor touch 
 at all the important question of where the business is, 
 in point of law, really carried on ; besides which sub- 
 clause 4 will prevent the Irish Government benefiting, as far 
 as the difference to be paid by Great Britain is concerned, for 
 it provides that in calculating such difference the excess of the 
 rate of income-tax in Ireland over the rate in Great Britain 
 is not to be taken into account. In other words, no matter 
 what additional income-tax the Irish Government may put 
 on, it will not affect such income as may be derived from 
 non-Irish securities. 
 
 All these clauses dealing with income-tax are exceedingly 
 hard on Ireland. As far as her money matters are concerned 
 Ireland will be " cabined, cribbed, and confined," and in such 
 a way that if she struggles to get out of her shackles. Great 
 Britain will be sure to reap the advantage. An Irish Legis- 
 lature may raise the income-tax; but, in the first place,] it
 
 Excise. 21 
 
 will probably bring in little extra money, and in the second, 
 the tax will only fall on residents in Ireland, holding Irish 
 property or securities, or who are in commercial affairs in 
 the country, whilst those who hold securities out of Ireland 
 will pay at the old rate. Could a neater way be invented 
 of discouraging Irish enterprise? 
 
 Excise. 
 
 The loth clause allows the Irish Legislature to manage Excise, 
 and collect the Excise on articles consumed in Ireland, but 
 does not allow it to change the amount of the tax itself. 
 The Excise duties will form almost three-fifths of the whole 
 income of Ireland in the future, and consequently it will be 
 of enormous importance to the Government to foster and aid 
 the manufacture and sale of Irish whiskey as far as possible- 
 No matter how the members of the Legislature may desire it, Temperance 
 they will not dare to discourage drinking, by temperance legis- ■^^^^'' -^"^ 
 lation. Ireland's very existence will depend on the keeping 
 up of the Excise revenue, and her legislators will know that. 
 They will be bound, tied hand and foot, to the liquor interest. 
 
 The Bill even prevents an attempt being made to raise Tobacco. 
 an income by the growth and taxing of tobacco beyond what 
 is now permitted, for all prohibitions in connexion with 
 the duties of Excise are kept in the hands of the Imperial 
 Parliament. 
 
 Sub-clause 3 of clause 10 is openly and glaringly unfair Articles made 
 to Ireland, for it provides that the Excise duties on articles J," nsu^ed fn "^ 
 made in Ireland, but consumed in Great Britain, shall be Great Britain, 
 paid to the Imperial Exchequer, while there is no counter- 
 balancing clause, giving the duties on articles made in Great 
 I^i-itain and consumed in Ireland to the Irish Exchequer. 
 Ireland will not receive a penny piece on the immense export 
 of whiskey and stout to England and Scotland, nor will she, 
 on the other hand, be allowed to tax English beer or Scotch 
 whiskey imported to her shores. Great Britain, the richer 
 country, will practically receive both differences. 
 
 Now, how the Government of Great Britain will be able to Smuggling. 
 prevent a large amount of what will be analogous to smuggling 
 
 c
 
 22 
 
 The Government of Ireland Bill, 1893. 
 
 Effect of 
 Increase of 
 Excise duty 
 to Ireland. 
 
 Effect of 
 decrease. 
 
 it is hard to understand. How will they be able to prevent 
 a large quantity of whiskey being brought across the channel 
 as passengers' luggage, or packed with duty-free goods, 
 without erecting Custom houses for the examination of such 
 luggage ? If they do not, the revenue of the United 
 Kingdom will be largely defrauded. If they do, they can not, 
 with any justification, prevent Ireland from erecting similar 
 Custom houses against Great Britain. Taking Excise duty on 
 whiskey and stout manufactured in Ireland is in reality pre- 
 cisely the same thing as putting a Customs' duty against the 
 Irish product. Great Britain will be able, immediately the 
 Bill becomes law, to reduce the Excise on Scotch and English 
 whiskey and beer, and thus to irreparably injure the Irish 
 trade, while if a Bill to eftect this were introduced into the 
 House of Commons the Irish members would not be allowed 
 to speak or vote on it. 
 
 Again, and in another manner, the Imperial Exchequer 
 takes care of itself. Suppose, for instance, a war occurs, or for 
 some other reason the British Government want an increase 
 of revenue, and is of opinion that spirits will bear an 
 additional is. per gallon. The Excise duty is accordingly 
 increased to that extent. Under sub-clause 5 of clause 10 
 every penny brought in by this extra zs. must be paid over 
 to the Imperial Exchequer, even though the effect of the in- 
 creased duty should be to make the Irish revenue fall off in- 
 stead of to increase it. On the other hand,' sub-clause 6 pro- 
 vides that if the rates are decreased the United Kingdom shall 
 not pay to Ireland the amount of the decrease of the rate per 
 gallon, but only the amount of the deficiency in the revenue 
 occasioned thereby. How this deficiency is to be ascertained 
 the Act does not specify. Whether it is to be the deficiency, 
 comparing it with the year immediately preceding, or the 
 deficiency as compared with the first year of existence of the 
 Irish Legislature, we are left completely in the dark. It 
 really, however, hardly matters. The whole arrangement 
 is so very unfair and one-sided, that no body of men, of even 
 average intellect, could accept it without a secret determi- 
 nation to make short work of it on the first opportunity.
 
 Local Loans. 23 
 
 Local Loans. 
 
 At the present moment Ireland owes the Imperial Ex- Local Loans, 
 chequer a matter of over sixteen millions for loans made 
 through the Board of Works and the Land Commission. 
 In 1892 alone a sum of almost /" 1,000, 000 was advanced to 
 various local boards, as well as to farmers large and small, 
 tenants and landlords. After the appointed day no more 
 money for loans will be advanced to Ireland, either by the 
 Commissioners of Public Works or by the Local Loans Fund 
 (see clause 16, sub-clause 3). If a farmer wants money for 
 the purpose of drainage or other land improvement, or 
 a fisherman for buying nets or building boats ; if a 
 Harbour Board wants to build docks, or a Public Com- 
 pany wants to erect buildings, and cannot find the money 
 to do so, they will have to go to the Irish Government 
 for help. The Irish Government will not have the money 
 to lend ; that is certain. It will have to borrow it some- 
 where, and as almost all the property of the Government 
 will under the Bill be mortgaged to the United Kingdom to 
 pay all charges due and to become due to the Imperial Ex- 
 chequer, its credit, if it has any at all, is not likely to stand 
 very high, and it will have to borrow on high terms. When 
 the farmer at last gets his loan, he will have to pay, not 
 3 per cent, or 3^ per cent, interest, as now, but probably 
 5 per cent, or 6 per cent, even without any sinking fund 
 arrangement. Clause 16, sub-clause 2, also provides that 
 the Irish Government shall pay off the present amount of the 
 loan (sixteen millions) and the interest thereon, by annuities, 
 paid half-yearly for 49 years, at 4 per cent, on the principal 
 of the loan. This will amount to about ^^640, 000 a-year, 
 and will have to come out of the Income of the Exchequer. 
 Now, suppose the Government have difficulty in collecting in 
 the outstanding loans and interest, how are they to pay their 
 annual charge ? It is but fair they should pay it ; but the 
 difficulty is, what are they to pay it out of.? If they do not 
 pay it, all loans for any purposes will cease, for the very small 
 credit the Government before had will be utterly gone. 
 
 c 2
 
 24 
 
 The Government of Ireland Bill ^ 1893. 
 
 Local Rates. 
 
 Grants in aid 
 of Local 
 Rates. 
 
 There is, however, a way in which money may be found 
 to pay into the Imperial Exchequer the annual charges for 
 loans. At the present moment a sum of ^358,000 a-year 
 is paid by the Imperial Exchequer to Local Bodies through- 
 out the country in aid of local rates. This sum will, after 
 the passing of the Bill, have to be paid out of the revenues 
 of the Irish Legislature, for clause 17 repeals the Act of 
 Parliament which made this sum payable out of the Imperial 
 Exchequer. The Irish Government, if hard pressed for 
 money, will not pay these grants in aid at all ; the local rates 
 will go up, and every householder in the country will have 
 to put his hand in his pocket in order to meet the necessary 
 increase in taxation. 
 
 Court of Exchequer. 
 
 Exchequer 
 Judges. 
 
 Their power 
 
 Clause 19 of the Bill shows the small amount of confi- 
 dence which i\Ir. Gladstone puts in the new Irish Legislature 
 and in the Irish Judges. He proposes to appoint two 
 Judges to form a Court of Exchequer, before whom all 
 '■'■proceedings instituted by or against the Imperial Treasury, or 
 the Commissio7iers of Customs, or any of their Officers, or which 
 relate to the election of Memlers to serve in the Imperial Parlia- 
 vient (an Election Petition, for instance), or which touch a?iy 
 matter affected by a law which the Irish Legislature have not 
 power to alter or repeal," shall be heard and determined if so 
 required by any party to the proceedings. That is to say, 
 the Government of Great Britain will not trust the Judges 
 appointed under the new Irish Legislature to dispense 
 justice and to decide according to the law. These Ex- 
 chequer Judges will be appointed and paid by the Imperial 
 Exchequer, and they are to have power, if their decrees are 
 not duly enforced by the sheriff, to appoint a special officer 
 to carry them out, and such special officer, and all persons 
 employed by him, are to be entitled to all the privileges and
 
 Court of Exchequer. 25 
 
 powers of the sheriff. The curious state of things which 
 would probably arise under this clause is worth considering. 
 The Court of Exchequer makes a decree, and calls upon the 
 sheriff — of the County of Waterford, for instance — to execute 
 it. The sheriff, who will be in no wise interested in helping 
 the Imperial Government, but rather the reverse, refuses. The 
 Court then appoints a special oflficer. He calls out the 
 police, but the sheriff forbids them to act. There would 
 then practically be two sheriffs in the county, each with full 
 power, pulling against one another. How would such a 
 deadlock be likely to end } The sheriff of the United King- 
 dom, if such a dignified title may be given to the officer of 
 the Court of Exchequer, could, of course, call out the military, 
 but probably his legal right to do so would not be one whit 
 greater than that of his antagonist. If men were shot under 
 such circumstances, it is probable that the Exchequer officer 
 would be arrested by the Irish Courts, and put on his trial 
 for murder before a Jury, who would certainly find him guilty. 
 What would the Government of the United Kingdom do in 
 such a condition of things } 
 
 Under clause 19, sub-clause 4, any person will have the Right ot 
 power to go before the Exchequer Judges to have it declared P"vate per- 
 whether an Act passed by the Irish Legislature, which affects to them, 
 the suitor, comes within its power under the Bill. It is 
 doubtful, however, whether the Legislature, would pay any 
 heed to an adverse decision, and if it did not, the United 
 Kingdom could only enforce the decisions of the Court by 
 employing the army. Probably, rather than get into a dead- 
 lock with the Irish Government, the Imperial Government 
 would probably give way, and thus the restrictive clauses 
 would at once become valueless. 
 
 These Exchequer Judges are really set up for the purpose 
 of safeguarding the interests of the United Kingdom, and yet 
 Ireland has, under the 3rd schedule, to contribute her quota 
 to their salaries. It is unnecessary to dwell on the unfairness 
 of such an arrangement.
 
 26 The Government of Ireland Bill^ 1893. 
 
 The Post Office. 
 
 Post Office. The 20th clause of the Bill provides that after the " appointed 
 day the Postal and Telegraph Service in Irela?id shall be trans- 
 ferred to the Irish Govermnent, and may be regulated by Irish Act^^ 
 with certain exceptions. 
 
 By the Bill of i886 the Imperial Government proposed to 
 keep the Post Office in its own hands. It was enumerated 
 in clause 3 as one of the subjects with which the Irish 
 Government were not to deal. But in the Bill of 1886 
 Mr. Gladstone demanded a somewhat larger imperial contri- 
 bution from Ireland than he asks now in the Bill of 1893. 
 There is, however, an annual loss on the Irish Post Office — 
 a loss amounting to about /^5 0,000 per annum — and in order 
 to recoup himself somewhat for his more moderate demands, 
 the unprofitable Irish Post Office is handed over to the 
 already overburdened Irish Government. 
 
 If there is one department of state more than another which 
 should be kept in the hands of the central Government it is the 
 Post Office. Both in the United States, in Germany, in Canada, 
 and in Switzerland the Post Office is an Imperial concern, and 
 the inconvenience which would arise if it were not so, would be 
 enormous. The Irish Legislature will not have the power to 
 change the postal rates for the carriage of letters, or papers, 
 or parcels, or for the transmission of telegrams ; but the 
 Imperial Parliament will be able to reduce the postal rates, 
 and thus cause an additional loss to the Irish Exchequer. 
 Stamps bought in Ireland will no longer be good in England, 
 and stamps bought in England will be worthless in Ireland. 
 Nothing in the whole Bill will give the ordinary man such a 
 sense of the separation of the two countries as this — a separa- 
 tion which, from a national point of view, will be worthless, 
 which will please nobody, because it will injure everybody. 
 The whole tendency of modern international politics is to 
 centralize the Post Office — centralize it even as between other- 
 wise independent states — and this simply because of the great 
 inconvenience caused by having different postal rates and
 
 Savings Banks. 27 
 
 arrangements in small areas. Mr. Gladstone, in this Bill, 
 proposes to take a most retrograde step, which will be 
 injurious alike to Great Britain and Ireland ; and all because 
 he thinks he can saddle the loss of ^50,000 a-jear on the 
 Exchequer of the poorer country, and so allow the Imperial 
 Budget to show an additional profit on the Imperial Post 
 Office. (The profits last year were over ;^3,ooo,ooo, and it 
 might be argued that, as a partner, Ireland is entitled to a 
 share in this sum in proportion to her wealth and population.) 
 
 Post Office and Trustee Savings Banks. 
 
 Clause 21 provides that on the appointed day all the Post Post Office 
 
 Office and Trustee Savings Banks in Ireland shall be trans- -^^^]^f^ 
 
 ferred over to the Irish Government. Every depositor in a Trustee 
 
 Post Office Savings Bank mav, if he wishes, before that date, Savings 
 ° ' ' Banks, 
 
 have his deposit repaid to him, or transferred to a Post Office 
 
 Savings Bank in Great Britain, and all trustees of Trustee 
 
 Savings Banks may, if they so request, have all sums due to 
 
 them repaid, and the Banks closed. After that date depositors 
 
 and trustees will cease to have any claim whatever against the 
 
 Imperial Government, and the ojily security they ivill have for 
 
 their mojiey ivill be the Government of Ireland . Considering the 
 
 difficulty which that Government will have in raising sufficient 
 
 money to carry on its own business, the security can hardly 
 
 be called a good one. 
 
 Irish Appeals. 
 
 Clause 22 provides that all appeals from any Court in Appeals. 
 Ireland to the House of Lords shall cease, and that in future 
 all appeals must be made to the Judicial Committee of the 
 Privy Council. Appeals from all British Colonies or Depen- 
 dencies are now heard by the Privy Council and not by the 
 House of Lords, and the attempt to put Ireland in the same 
 position as one of the Colonies, while from a practical point 
 jt may do her no great harm, is yet one of those subtle pro- 
 visions which abound throughout the Bill, which must tend 
 in the future towards political and social separation.
 
 28 The Government of Ireland Bill ^ 1893. 
 
 The Judicial Coimmittee of the Privy Council. 
 
 Clause 23 will give the Lord Lieutenant or a Secretary of 
 State power, if he thinks that the Irish Legislature has 
 exceeded its power, to bring the question before the Judicial 
 Committee of the English Privy Council for decision. The 
 Privy Council will thus become a Supreme Court for the inter- 
 pretation of the Act, and of all constitutional questions 
 between the two countries. It will take the place of the 
 Supreme Court in the United States, but with this difference, 
 that while the Supreme Court in America is in a sense a 
 part of the Constitution itself, which has grown up and 
 strengthened with its growth, and which possesses at the 
 present moment the confidence and respect of every American 
 citizen, the Privy Council will neither be believed in nor 
 looked to with confidence by any Irishman. It will be a 
 body in which there will be but one Irish Judge, sitting in the 
 capital of a country with which Ireland will be on terms of the 
 merest toleration, and the natural suspicion of Irishmen will 
 tend to make them disbelieve in its loyalty to the arrange- 
 ment entered into, whenever it becomes injurious to the 
 interests of Great Britain. The decisions of the English 
 Privy Council will, in all probability, be regarded in Ireland 
 as so much waste paper, and only armed intervention will be 
 able to prevent them from being treated as such. In America, 
 if a State refused to obey the Supreme Court the federal troops 
 would have to be called in. It may occur sometime or other 
 on the other side of the Atlantic. It is certain to occur on 
 this side. 
 
 Judges and Civil Servants. 
 
 Judges. Clauses 26 to 29 deal with the Judges and the civil servants 
 
 generally. The Irish Government will, after the passing of 
 the Bill, have power to fill up all vacancies which occur in 
 the Judiciary or in the Civil Services. It will also have power, 
 after six years, to increase or diminish their salaries at 
 pleasure, to decrease or increase their number, and, in
 
 Civil Servants. 29' 
 
 fact, to deal with all positions and places under the Crown 
 as it may think fit. The only limit to its power will be 
 the same limit which now exists to the power of the Imperial 
 Parliament, namely, that no Judge shall be dismissed except 
 in pursuance of an address from the two Houses to Her 
 Majesty, and that, whilst they continue in office neither 
 their salaries nor their right to pension shall be diminished 
 without their consent. All existing Judges, save the two 
 Exchequer Judges, who are excepted from the section, and 
 all other officers whose salaries are charged on the Con- 
 solidated Fund of the United Kingdom, are to continue as 
 they are at present, and " /t* be removable only in the same 
 manner as hereto/ore,'" and their salaries and pensions are to 
 be paid out of the Irish Consolidated Fund, and, so far as 
 they are not paid out of this Fund, they are to be paid out of 
 the Exchequer of the United Kingdom; and any payment so 
 made shall, on a certificate of the Controller-General of the 
 United Kingdom, countersigned by the Lord Lieutenant, be 
 a charge on the Irish Exchequer. Evidently the framers of 
 the Bill were afraid that some of the Judges would not get their 
 salaries from the Irish Consolidated Fund. Theyprobablyknew 
 thatsomeof them were very unpopular with the National Party. 
 Feeling that the honour of Great Britain was at stake in the 
 matter, they guarded the interests of these officers of the 
 United Kingdom by providing, that so far as they were not 
 paid out of the Consolidated Fund of Ireland, they were to 
 be paid by the Exchequer of the United Kingdom. As, 
 however, Great Britain might lose some money if no further 
 arrangements were made, the whole sum so paid is made a 
 first charge on the Irish Exchequer. 
 
 Besides the Judges there are very few officers whose permanent 
 
 salaries are charged on the Consolidated Fund, and who are ^ivil Ser- 
 
 ° vants. 
 
 removable by address. The great mass of the permanent 
 
 civil servants of the Crnvn hold their offices " at pleasure," 
 
 that is they are liable at any moment to dismissal. It is . 
 
 beyond doubt that they would be dismissed by the Irish 
 
 Government in great numbers, without gratuities or pensions 
 
 of any sort, if the Act did not make some provision for
 
 30 
 
 The G-overnment of Ireland Bill ^ 1893. 
 
 Pensions. 
 
 Ihem. The language held by Nationalists during the last 
 six years has been unmistakable. They intend to fill every 
 office, high and low, with their adherents, and, indeed, no 
 matter what good intentions the leaders may now have, 
 the pressure from behind would, after the passing of the 
 Bill, be too great for them. There are thousands of needy 
 men throughout the country whose one idea is not so much 
 "Home Rule," as "the places which are to be got 
 under Home Rule/' In order to meet this wholesale dis- 
 missal, which even the framers of the Bill evidently thought 
 would take place, it is provided by clause 28, that for the 
 first three years all the salaries of the permanent civil 
 servants shall be paid out of the Exchequer of the United 
 Kingdom (to be repaid in this case also by the Irish Ex- 
 chequer, and as a first charge thereon, before any money is 
 Gratuities and paid out for any Irish purposes whatever). It is further pro- 
 vided that after three years any officer may retire from office, 
 and shall, at any time during those three years, if reqtiired by the 
 Irish Government, retire fro ?n office, and that on his doing so the 
 Treasury may award him a gratuity (commutation) or a 
 pension, in accordance with the 5th schedule to the Bill. As 
 this schedule is still blank, it is impossible to know as yet 
 whether the Government intend to deal fairly with the civil 
 servants. As it is pretty certain that a large number of civil 
 servants will resign at the end of three years to avoid being 
 forcibly ejected, it seems probable that the amount of the 
 gratuities and pensions to be paid under the clause will be 
 large, and where the Irish Government (for they will, under 
 sub-clause 5, have to repay the Treasury of the United 
 Kingdom all payments made for gratuities and pensions) 
 will be able to find the money, it is liard, considering their 
 other difficulties, to say. 
 
 All existing pensions are to be charged on the Irish 
 Consolidated Fund. If not paid out of that fund they are to 
 be paid by the Exchequer of the United Kingdom, and repaid 
 afterwards in the same way as all other payments by the Irish 
 Exchequer. 
 
 Whether all the above payments will be made as directed 
 
 Existing 
 Pensions.
 
 The Police. 31 
 
 is a matter concerning which there is the gravest doubt. If 
 the Irish Government refused to pay them it would be a matter 
 of extreme difficulty to enforce payment. The machinery is 
 lacking, and the army would have to be employed. 
 
 The Police. 
 
 Clause 30 deals with the Royal Irish Constabulary and Royal Irish 
 1 -r^ , ,. ->^ ,. ,1 ,• Constabulary, 
 
 the Dublin Metropolitan Police. 
 
 After the passing of the Bill 7io officer or man is to be appointed Metropolitan 
 to either force. For six years after the passing of the Bill Police, 
 the Lord Lieutenant is empowered, if he shall consider it 
 expedient, to keep on foot the two forces, but at the end of 
 six years they will, by virtue of the Act, cease to exist. 
 During those six years the Irish Government may establish 
 such local police forces as they think proper, and whenever 
 the Executive Committee of the Irish Privy Council certifies 
 to the Lord Lieutenant that a police force adequate for local 
 purposes has been established in any town or county, 
 then he may, within six months after such certificate, 
 withdraw the Royal Irish Constabulary from such town or 
 county. Similar provisions are made with regard to the 
 Dublin Metropolitan Police. The Lord Lieutenant may 
 further reduce the whole number of the force, proportionately 
 to the number withdrawn from any district. 
 
 The powers given into the hands of the Irish Government Military 
 by this clause are tremendous. It might, if it desired to 
 overawe Ulster, appoint and equip a military police and 
 draft them in large numbers into the north-eastern counties 
 for the purpose of dragooning the malcontents. Further, it 
 might, and the eventuality is by no means impossible, arm 
 every man in the Southern provinces, and pass a law dis- 
 arming Ulster, or rather the Ulster of the Settlement — 
 Antrim, Down, Armagh, and Derry — and might use the police 
 for the purpose of such disarmament, relying, if necessary, 
 on the Southerns to back them up. It is not suggested that 
 the Irish Government would attempt such a thing as this at 
 once, or would even desire to attempt it ; but let blood be 
 roused, let a real pretext be given either by Ulster remaining
 
 32 
 
 The Government of Ireland Bill, 1893. 
 
 irreconcilable, or by an outburst of Orangcism, and, almost 
 for their own safety, the Home Rule Government would have 
 to take some such strong measures. 
 
 Another difficulty might occur. Ireland might be very 
 much disturbed during some part or even during the \vhole 
 of the first six years. The Lord Lieutenant might not feel 
 himself justified in decreasing the strength of the Constabulary, 
 and in the meantime there would be a second force to be paid. 
 Where is the money to come from ; for the Irish Government 
 assuredly will not have it ? 
 
 Expenses. The dangers which may accrue under this clause by the 
 
 discharging of the Royal Irish Constabulary, and by giving 
 the police into the hands of the Irish Government, are real 
 and manifold enough to make all Unionists throughout the 
 country tremble at the mere thought of the Bill becoming law. 
 
 Pensions. The schedule to this clause, dealing with the gratuities 
 
 and pensions to be paid to the police, is still blank ; but what- 
 ever they may be finally settled at, Ireland will have to pay 
 two-thirds of the amount. The present cost of the two forces 
 is ^1,500,000 per annum. ^500,000 of this will, under the 
 30th clause, be paid by the United Kingdom, and as the 
 police are to be gradually dismissed, this payment will 
 gradually decrease in amount. This is what IMr. Gladstone 
 referred to when he spoke of the ^^500, 000 being a " vanish- 
 ing amount." 
 
 Election laws. 
 
 Miscellaneous Provisions. 
 
 Clauses 31 to 34 of the Bill are called " Miscellaneous." 
 Why they have been all grouped under such a title it is hard 
 to understand, for two at least of the clauses (namely, 32 
 and 33) would far more properly come under the headings, 
 " Constitution of the Legislature " (clauses 6 to 8) and 
 "Legislative Authority" (clauses i to 4). 
 
 Clause 32 provides that all exisiiiigelecimi laws relating to the 
 House of Commons aiid the Me??iben thereof shall, so far as appli- 
 cable, extend to each of the two Houses of the Irish Legislature and 
 the Members thereof but such election laws so far as thereby ex- 
 tended may be altered by Irish Act. In other words, everything
 
 Miscellaneous Provisions. 33 
 
 connected with the registration of electors, with the manner 
 
 of conducting elections and the taking of the poll, the 
 
 questioning of elections and of corrupt and illegal practices 
 
 will be handed over to the Irish Legislature. They could, for 
 
 instance, repeal or radically alter the Ballot Act. 
 
 Clause 33 has been already alluded to. It gives the Irish Supremacy of 
 
 Legislature power to repeal or alter any provision of the Imperial 
 T-.-n 1-1 1 1 TTii • 1,- 1 Parliament. 
 
 Bill which IS by the Bill itself made alterable, and also to 
 
 repeal or alter any enactments in force in Ireland, except 
 
 such as either relate to matters beyond the powers of the 
 
 Irish Legislature, or ivhich, having beeti ejiacftd by Parliament 
 
 after the passing of the Bill may be extejided to Irelatid. 
 
 This is one of the most extraordinary clauses of this 
 extraordinary Bill, and it seems as if it had been shoved in 
 among a number of miscellaneous clauses in order that its 
 true significance might be hidden. It corresponds in part to 
 one of the restrictive sub-clauses of clause 4 of the Bill of 
 1886 (namely, that one which forbade any alteration in the 
 Bill, save where it was declared alterable), and in part is new. 
 It gives powers of a most enormous kind to the Irish Legis- 
 lature in one sentence, and makes them all void in the next. 
 To put an extreme case, the Irish Legislature might occupy 
 itself in repealing almost every Act of Parliament dealing 
 with Ireland since Magna Charta down, for the purpose of 
 divesting the law of Ireland of its "foreign garb," but it 
 would be liable to be interrupted in its beneficent labours by 
 an Act of the Imperial Parliament enacting in so many 
 words, "that the Irish Legislative Assembly and Legislative 
 Council be not allowed to sit save during the month of 
 January of every second year." After that the Irish Legis- 
 lative bodies could not legally sit except during the one 
 month in every two years. 
 
 Clause ^^, sub-clause 3, will prevent the Irish Legislature Laws relating 
 from interfering with Bills of Divorce. There is, at the pre- ^° Marriage 
 
 ^ and Divorce. 
 
 sent time, no Law of Divorce in Ireland, and the only way of 
 obtaining a complete separation between husband and wife is 
 by presenting a Bill of Divorce to the House of Lords, 
 This clause forbids the Irish Legislature from takiag away
 
 34 The Government of Ireland Bill, 1898. 
 
 this right from the Queen's subjects in Ireland, but otherwise 
 it will be able to deal with the marriage laws as it pleases. It 
 might pass a "deceased wife's sister Bill"; might make all 
 mixed marriages illegal or decree that no such marriage 
 should be valid which was not celebrated in the presence 
 of a priest of the Church of Rome, and might make it unne- 
 cessary to comply with the present registration laws in the 
 case of a marriage by a Roman Catholic priest. 
 
 Under clause 33 great and difficult constitutional questions 
 would be sure to arise which must occupy the time of the 
 Parliament in Westminster. 
 
 Clause 31 applies the existing laws relating to the Exche- 
 quer in England to the Irish Exchequer, and gives the Lord 
 Lieutenant power to appoint an Irish Comptroller-General. 
 Clause 34 limits the borrowing power of local authorities. 
 
 Transitory Provisions. 
 
 Clauses 35 to 38 are transitory provisions, that is, they 
 will only be operative for a fixed time. 
 Irish Land. Clause 35 provides that for three years from the passing 
 
 of the Bill into law the Irish Legislature shall not pass an 
 Act respecting the relations of " la?idIord and tenant, or 
 the sale, purchase, or lettitig of land generally.'" This safe- 
 guard for the landlords is of the flimsiest and most 
 ridiculous nature. It cannot do them any good, and may 
 do them harm. During those three years it will be in the 
 power of the Irish Government to refuse to enforce the 
 payment of rent, and, if we may judge from the last four- 
 teen years, no rent will, during that time, be paid throughout 
 the country. The landlords will, probably, at the end of 
 that time, be almost all bankrupt, and ready to accept 
 whatever offers may be made to them by the Government. 
 This section is one of the worst and most cruel in a Bill, 
 which, from beginning to end, is ruthless. 
 Judges to be Clause 35, sub-clause 2, provides that for six years the 
 appointed hy Judges of the Supreme Court in Ireland shall be appointed 
 
 Imijcnal JO r- 
 
 Parliamcnt by Her Majesty as heretofore. If it is safe now to hand 
 for SIX years. ^^^^ ^j^^ appointment of the Judges to the Irish Legislature,
 
 Transitory Provisions. 35 
 
 such a provision as this is merely vexatious ; if it is dan- 
 gerous now, it is hardly likely to become safe within the 
 short period of six years. There is no provision in the Act 
 setting- forth by whom or in v\'hat manner the Judges are to 
 be appointed, and the Irish Legislature will therefore, after 
 six years, have full power to make the appointment popular — 
 that is, they may decree that the Judges be appointed by a 
 vote of the Legislative Assembly without ratification by the 
 Council, or even by a direct vote of the people themselves. 
 For instance, the County Court Judges might be appointed 
 by the majority of voting ratepayers in a county. 
 
 Clause 36 gives to "Her Majesty the Queen in Council" 
 power to make all provisional arrangements for the sum- 
 moning of the Irish Legislative body, and for transferring to 
 the Lord Lieutenant, or to an officer of the Irish Executive 
 Government, rights which now reside in the Queen herself, 
 as head of the Privy Council, for the purpose of adapting them 
 to the new conditions of affairs. 
 
 Clause 37 provides that, save where otherwise provided, 
 all existing laws, institutions, authorities and officers in 
 Ireland, and all existing taxes shall continue as if the Act 
 had not passed. The section is, of course, subject to the 
 powers given to the new Legislature of making any changes 
 they may think proper. 
 
 Clause 38 says that the '^ appoitited day " on which the new Appointed 
 arrangements are to commence shall be the day of the first ^^ 
 meeting of the Irish Legislature, or such other day not more 
 than seven ynonths earlier or later, as may be fixed upon by Her 
 Majesty in Council, and that diff"erent days may be appointed 
 for diff"erent purposes and diff"erent provisions of the Bill. 
 
 Clause 39 defines a number of words and expressions 
 used in the Bill, and clause 40 says that the Bill may be 
 cited as the " Irish Government Act, 1893." 
 
 In considering the Bill, as a whole, three things stand out 
 with special prominence : — Firstly, its complexity; secondly, 
 its want of any definite principle; thirdly, its want of finality. 
 With regard to the first — its complexity — that has been suffici- 
 ently demonstrated by the foregoing remarks. As to its want
 
 36 The Government of Ireland Bill, 1893. 
 
 of principle, that is shown by the way in which powers are 
 given by one section in order to please one set of people, 
 and then withdrawn in order to meet the views of another 
 set; and by the way in which restrictions are introduced 
 to meet the views of the Loyalists, and then made illusory in 
 order to prevent the Nationalists complaining. The Bill is 
 uncandid and cowardly. It trusts no one, shows confidence 
 in no one. It was meant to catch the unthinking of every 
 party, and will eventually please none. It is not in the 
 nature of a compromise, for there is no "give anTi take" 
 about it. For the purpose of avoiding objections, and passing 
 it easily through Parliament, it has purposely been left vague 
 in its language, and the consequence will be, if it ever becomes 
 law, that constitutional disputes of immense magnitude and ex- 
 tremely difficult to solve, will arise under almost every section. 
 Lastly, as to its "want of finality," the Bill cannot satisfy 
 the Nationalist sentiment which it purports to recognize, 
 for, under it, Ireland w^ill be, not a nation, but a subor- 
 dinate province. It will not satisfy those who hope, by 
 means of a National Legislature, to make the country 
 prosperous, for it will create a Government without means 
 and without credit. Finally, it cannot satisfy Great Britain, 
 for instead of freeing the Imperial Parliament from the 
 pressure of the Irish difficulty, it must create in West- 
 minster a new and more intense Irish question than that 
 which it professes to settle.
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 ;i8';'228
 
 GOYERNMENT OF IRELAND BILL, 
 
 1893. 
 
 ARRANGEMENT OF CLAUSES. 
 
 TART I. 
 Legislative Authority. 
 
 Clause. 
 
 1. Establishment of Irisli Legislature. 
 
 2. Powers of Irisli Legislature. 
 
 3. Exceptions from powers of Irisli Legislature. 
 
 4. Restrictions on powers of Irish Legislature. 
 
 Executive Authority. 
 
 5. Executive power in Ireland. 
 
 Constitution of Legislature. 
 
 6. Composition of Irish Legislative Council. 
 
 7. Composition of Irish Legislative Assembly. 
 
 8. Disagreement between two Houses, how settled. 
 
 Irish Representation in House of Conwiotis. 
 
 9. Representation inParliament of Irish counties and boroughs. 
 
 Finance. 
 
 10. As to separate Consolidated Fund and taxes. 
 
 1 1 . Hereditary revenues and income tax. 
 
 12. Financiararrangements as between United Kingdom and 
 
 Ireland. 
 
 13. Treasury Account (Ireland). 
 
 14. Charges on Irish Consolidated Fund. 
 
 15. Irish Church Fund. 
 
 16. Local loans. 
 
 17. Adaptation of Acts as to Local Taxation Accounts and 
 
 probate, «&c. duties. 
 
 18. Money bills and votes. 
 
 19. Exchequer judges for revenue actions, election petitions, &c.
 
 Arrangement of Clauses. 39 
 
 Post Offic6 Postal Telegraphs and Savings Banks. 
 
 Clause. 
 
 20. Transfer of post office and postal telegraphs. 
 
 21. Transfer of savings banks. 
 
 Irish Appeals and Decision of Constitutional Questions. 
 
 22. Irisli appeals. 
 
 23. Special provision for decision of constitutional questions. 
 
 Lord Lieutenant and Crown Lands. 
 
 24. Office of Lord Lieutenant. 
 
 25. Use of Crown lands by Irisli Government. 
 
 Judges and Civil Servants. 
 
 26. Tenure of future judges. 
 
 27. As to existing judges and other persons having salaries 
 
 charged on the Consolidated Fund. 
 
 28. As to persons holding civil service appointments. 
 
 29. As to existing pensions and superannuation allowances. 
 
 Police. 
 
 30. As to Police. 
 
 Miscellaneous. 
 
 31. Irish Exchequer Consolidated Fund and Audit. 
 
 32. Law applicable to both Houses of Irisli Legislature. 
 
 33. Supplemental provisions as to powers of Irish Legislature. 
 
 34. Limitation on borrowing by local authorities. 
 
 Transitory Provisions. 
 
 35. Temporary restriction on powers of Irish Legislature and 
 
 Executive. 
 
 36. Transitory provisions. 
 
 37. Continuance of existing laws, courts, officers, &c. 
 
 38. Appointed day. 
 
 39. Definitions. 
 
 40. Short title. 
 
 Schedules. 
 
 D2
 
 40 
 
 A BILL 
 
 TO AMEND 
 
 A. D. 1893. The provision for the Government of Ireland j 1893. 
 
 [56 Vict.] 
 
 WHEREAS it is expedient tliat without impairing or re- 
 stricting the supreme authority of Parliament, an Irish 
 Legislature should be created for such purposes in Ireland as in 
 this Act mentioned : 
 
 Be it therefore enacted by the Queen's most Excellent 
 Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords 
 Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parlia- 
 ment assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows : 
 
 PART I. 
 
 Legislative AutJiority. 
 
 Establish- 1. 0)1 ttud after the appointed, day there shall be in Ireland a 
 
 ™?",'£^ . Legislature consisting of Her Majesty the Queen and of two 
 lature. Houscs, the Legislative Council and the Legislative Assembly. 
 
 Powers of 2. With the exceptions and subject to the restrictions in this 
 
 Irish Legis- ^^.^ mentioned, there shall be granted to the Irish Legislature 
 
 power to make laws for the peace, order, and good government 
 
 of Ireland in respect of matters exclusively relating to Ireland 
 
 or some part thereof. 
 
 Exceptions 3. The Irish Legislature shall not have power to make laws 
 
 ^Tiri^h""^'^^ in respect of the following matters or any of them : — 
 
 Legislature. (^\^ ^he Crown, or the succession to the Crown, or a Regency ; 
 
 or the Lord Lieutenant as representative of the Crown ; 
 
 or 
 
 (2.) The making of peace or war or matters arising from a 
 
 state of war ; or 
 (3.) Naval or military forces, or the defence of the realm ; or 
 (4.) Treaties and other relations with foreign States or the 
 relations between different parts of Her Majesty's 
 dominions or offences connected with such treaties or 
 relations ; or
 
 The Government of Ireland Bill, 1893. 41 
 
 (5.) Dignities or titles of honour ; or A. D. 1893. 
 
 (6.) Treason, treason-felony, alienage, or naturalization ; or 
 
 (7.) Trade with any place out of Ireland ; or quarantine, or 
 navigation (except as respects inland waters and local 
 health or liarbour regulations) ; or 
 
 (8.) Beacons, lighthouses, or sea marks (except so far as they 
 can consistently with any general Act of Parliament 
 be constructed or maintained by a local harbour au- 
 thority) ; or 
 
 (9.) Coinage; legal tender; or the standard of weights and 
 measures ; or 
 
 (10.) Trade marks, merchandise marks, copyright, or patent 
 rights. 
 
 Any law made in contravention of this section shall be void. 
 
 4. The powers of the Irish Legislature shall not extend to the Restrictions 
 making of any law- °Fi^X" 
 
 (1.) Respecting the establishment or endowment of religion, Legislature. 
 
 or prohibiting the free exercise thereof ; or 
 (2.) Imposing any disability, or conferring any privilege, on 
 
 account of religious belief ; or 
 (3.) Abrogating or prejudicially aifecting the right to establish 
 
 or maintain any place of denominational education oi' 
 
 any denominational institution or charity ; or 
 
 (4.) Prejudicially affecting the right of any child to attend a 
 school receiving public money, without attending the 
 religious instruction at that school ; or 
 
 (5.) Whereby any person may be deprived of life, liberty, or 
 property without due process of law, or may be denied 
 the equal protection of the laws, or whereby private 
 property may be taken without just compensation ; or 
 
 (6.) "Whereby any existing corporation incorporated by Eoyal 
 Charter or by any local or general Act of Parliament 
 (not being a corporation raising for public purposes 
 taxes, rates, cess, clues, or tolls, or administering funds 
 so raised) may, unless it consents, or the leave of Her 
 Majesty is first obtained on address from the two 
 Houses of the Irish Legislature, be deprived of its 
 rights, privileges, or property without due process of 
 law ; or 
 
 (7.) Whereby any inhabitant of the United Kingdom may 
 bo deprived of equal rights as respects public sea 
 fisheries. 
 
 Any law made in contravention of this section shall be void.
 
 42 The Government of Ireland Bill, 1893. 
 
 A. D. 1893. 
 
 Executive Authority. 
 
 Executive 5. — (1.) The exGciitive power in Ireland shall continue vested 
 ird^nd" ^ ^^^ Majcsty the Queen, and the Lord Lieutenant, on behalf 
 of Her Majesty, shall exercise any prerogatives or other execu- 
 tive power of the Queen the exercise of which may be dele- 
 gated to him by Her Majesty, and shall, in Her Majesty's name, 
 summon, prorogue, and dissolve the Irish Legislature. 
 
 (2.) There shall be an Executive Committee of the Privy 
 Council of Ireland to aid and advise in the government of Ireland, 
 being of such numbers, and comprising persons holding such 
 offices, as Her Majesty may think fit, or as may be directed by 
 Irish Act. 
 
 (3.) The Lord Lieutenant shall, on the advice of the said 
 Executive Committee, give or withhold the assent of Her Majesty 
 to Bills passed by the two Houses of the Irish Legislature, 
 subject nevertheless to any instructions given by Her Majesty 
 in respect of any such Bill. 
 
 Constitution of Legislature. 
 
 Compusition 6. — (1.) The Irish Legislative Council shall consist of /or^y- 
 
 Leg^sutive eifjl't councillors. 
 
 Council. (2.) Each of the constituencies mentioned in the Eirst Schedule 
 
 to this Act shall return the number of councillors named opposite 
 thereto in that schedule. 
 
 (3.) Eveiy man shall be entitled to be registered as an elector, 
 and when registered to vote at an election, of a councillor for a 
 constituency, who owns or occupies any land or tenement in the 
 constituency of a rateable value of more than twenty pounds, 
 subject to the like conditions as a man is entitled at the passing 
 of this Act to be registered and vote as a parliamentary elector 
 in respect of an ownership q;;alification or of the qualification 
 
 48&49Viit. specified in section five of the Representation of the People Act, 
 
 ^' ^' 1884, as the case maybe: Provided that a man shall not be 
 
 entitled to be registered, nor if registered to vote, at an election 
 of a councillor in more than one constituency in the same year. 
 (4.) The term of office of eveiy councillor shall be eiffht jeaxs, 
 and shall not be affected by a dissolution ; and one half of the 
 councillors shall retire in every fourth year, and their seats 
 shall be filled by a new election. 
 
 Composition 7- — (1.) The Irish Legislative Assembly shall consist of one 
 Le^'sUtive hundred and three members, returned by the existing parlia- 
 Asserably. mentary constituencies in Ireland, or the existing divisions 
 
 thereof, and elected by the parliamentary electors for the time 
 
 being in those constituencies or divisions.
 
 The Government of Ireland Bill, 1893. 43 
 
 (2.) The Irish Legislative Assembly when summoned may, A. D. 1893. 
 unless sooner dissolved, have continuance for five years from the 
 day on which the summons directs it to meet and no longer. 
 
 (3.) After six years from the passing of this Act, the Irish 
 Legislature may alter the qualification of the electors, and the 
 constituencies, and the distribution of the members among the 
 constituencies, provided that in such distribution due regard is 
 had to the population of the constituencies. 
 
 8. If a Bill or any provision of a Bill adopted by the Legis- Disagree- 
 lative Assembly is lost by the disagreement of the Legislative ^^^^ 
 Council, and after a dissolution, or the period of tivo years from Houses.how 
 such disagreement, such Bill, or a Bill for enacting the said ^^"1®"^- 
 provision, is again adopted by the Legislative Assembly and fails 
 
 within three months afterwards to be adopted by the Legislative 
 Council, the same shall forthwith be submitted to the members 
 of the two Houses deliberating and voting together thereon, and 
 shall be adopted or rejected according to the decision of the 
 majority of those members present and voting on the question. 
 
 Irish Representation in House of Commons. 
 
 9. Unless and until Parliament otherwise determines, the Represen- 
 following provisions shall have effect — ^''°.° '" 
 
 (1.) After the appointed day each of the constituencies named counties and 
 in the Second Schedule to this Act shall return to boroughs, 
 serve in Parliament the number of members named 
 opposite thereto in that schedule, and no more, and 
 Dublin University shall cease to return any member. 
 
 (2.) The existing divisions of the constituencies shall, save as 
 provided in that schedule, be abolished. 
 
 (3.) An Irish representative peer in the House of Lords and a 
 member of the House of Commons for an Irish consti- 
 tuency shall not be entitled to deliberate or vote on — 
 (a) any Bill or motion in relation thereto, the opera- 
 tion of which Bill or motion is confined to Great 
 Britain or some part thereof ; or 
 (5) any motion or resolution relating solely to some 
 
 tax not raised or to be raised in Ireland ; or 
 (c) any vote or appropriation of money made exclu- 
 sively for some service not mentioned in the Third 
 Schedule to this Act ; or 
 {d) any motion or resolution exclusively affecting 
 Great Britain or some part thereof or some local 
 authority or some person or thing therein ; or
 
 44 The Government of Ireland Bill, 1893. 
 
 A.D. 1893, (e) any motion or resolution, incidental to any such 
 
 ~~ motion or resolution as either is last mentioned, 
 
 or relates solely to some tax not raised or be raised 
 in Ireland, or incidental to any such vote or ap- 
 propriation of money as aforesaid. 
 (4.) Compliance with the provisions of this section shall not 
 be questioned otherwise than in each House in manner 
 provided by the House. 
 (5.) The election laws and the laws relating to the qualifica- 
 tion of parliamentary electors shall not, so far as they 
 relate to parliamentary elections, be altered by the 
 Irish Legislature, but this enactment shall not prevent 
 the Irish Legislature from dealing with any officers 
 concerned with the issue of writs of election, and if 
 any officers are so dealt with, it shall be lawful for 
 Her Majesty by Order in Council to arrange for the 
 issue of such writs, and the writs issued in pursuance 
 of such Order shall be of the same eilect as if issued 
 in manner heretofore accustomed. 
 
 Finance. 
 
 As to 10. — (1.) On mid after the appointed day there shall be an 
 
 Console 1y\?\\ Exchequer and Consolidated Fund separate from those of 
 dated Fund the United Kingdom. 
 
 an taxes. ^^.^ ^j^^ dutics of customs and excise and the duties on 
 
 postage shall be imposed by Act of Parliament, but subject to 
 tlie provisions of this Act the Irish Legislature may, in order 
 to provide for the public service of Ireland, impose any other 
 taxes. 
 
 (3.) Save as in this Act mentioned, all matters relating to 
 the taxes in Ireland and the collection and management thereof 
 shall be regulated by Irish Act, and the same shall be collected 
 and managed by the Irish Government and form part of the 
 public revenues of Ireland : Provided that — 
 
 («) the duties of customs shall be regulated, collected, managed, 
 and paid into the Exchequer of the United Kingdom 
 as heretofore ; and 
 {h) all prohibitions in connexion with the duties of excise, 
 and so far as regards articles sent out of Ireland, all 
 matters relating to those duties, shall be regulated by 
 Act of Parliament ; and 
 (c) the excise dutics on articles consumed in Great Britain 
 shall be paid in Great Britain or to an officer of the 
 Government of the United Kingdom. 
 (4.) Save as in this Act mentioned, all the public revenues
 
 The Government of Ireland BUI, 1893. 45 
 
 of Ireland shall be paid into the Irish Exchequer and form a A.D. 1893. 
 Consolidated Fund, and be appropriated to the public service of 
 Ireland by Irish Act. 
 
 (5.) If the duties of excise are increased above the rates in 
 force on the first day of March one thousand eight hundred and 
 ninety-three^ the net proceeds in Ireland of the duties in excess 
 of the said rates, shall be paid from the Irish Exchequer to the 
 Exchequer of the United Kingdom. 
 
 (6.) If the duties of excise are reduced below the rates in force 
 on the said day, and the net proceeds of such duties in Ireland are 
 in coyisequence less than the net proceeds of the duties Icfore the 
 reduction, a sum equal to the deficiency shall, unless it is other- 
 wise agreed between the Treasury and the Irish Government, he 
 paid from the Exchequer of the United Kingdom to the Irish 
 Exchequer. 
 
 11. — (1.) The hereditary revenues of the Crown in Ireland Hereditary 
 which are managed by the Commissioners of Woods shall con- and {""come 
 tinue during the life of Her present Majesty to be managed tax. 
 and collected by those Commissioners, and the net amount pay- 
 able by them to the Exchequer on account of those revenues, 
 after deducting all expenses (but including an allowance for 
 interest on such proceeds of the sale of those revenues as have 
 not been re-invested in Ireland), shall be paid into the Treasury 
 Account (Ii'eland) herein-after mentioned, for the benefit of the 
 Ii'ish Exchequer. 
 
 (2.) A person shall not be required to pay income tax in 
 Great Britain in respect of property situate or business carried 
 on in Ireland, and a person shall not be required to pay income 
 tax in Ireland in respect of property situate or business carried 
 on in Great Britain. 
 
 (3.) For the purpose of giving to Ireland the henrfit of the dif- 
 ference between the income tax collected in Great Britain from 
 British, Colonial, and foreign securities held by residents in Ire- 
 land, and the income tax collected in Ireland from Irish securities 
 held by residents in Great Britain, there shall be made to Ireland 
 out of the income tax collected i?i Great Britain, an allowance of 
 such amoxmt as may be from time to time determined by the Trea- 
 sury, in accordance ivith a minute of the Treasury laid before 
 Parliament before the appointed day, and such allowance shall be 
 paid into the Treasury Account (^Ireland) for the benefit of the 
 Irish Exchequer. 
 
 (4.) Provided that the provisions of this section with respect 
 to income tax shall not apply to any excess of the rate of income 
 tax in Great Britain above the rate in Ireland or of the rate of 
 income tax in Ireland above the rate in Great Britain.
 
 46 The Government of Ireland Bill, 1893. 
 
 A. D. 1893. 12. — (1.) The duties of customs contributed by Ireland and, 
 Final^ai ^^^'^ ^^ provided by this Act, that portion of any public revenue 
 arrange- of the United Kingdom to which Ireland may claim to be entitled, 
 between whethcr Specified in the Third Schedule to this Act or not, shall 
 United \^Q carried to the Consolidated Fund of the United Kingdom, as 
 
 ivinfifaoni . , 07 
 
 and Ireland, tile Contribution of Ireland to Imperial liabilities and expenditure 
 as defined in that Schedule. 
 
 (2.) The civil charges of the Government in Ireland shall, 
 subject as in this Act mentioned, be borne after the appointed 
 day by Ireland. 
 
 (3.) Kitax fifteen years from the passing of this Act the arrange- 
 ments made by this Act for the contribution of Ireland to 
 Imperial liabilities and expenditure, and otherwise for the finan- 
 cial relations between the United Kingdom and Iieland, may be 
 revised in pursuance of an address to Her Majesty from the House 
 of Commons, or from the Irish Legislative Assembly. 
 
 Treasury 13. — (1.) Tliore shall be established under the direction of 
 
 (Ireland), the Treasury an account (in this Act referred to as the Treasury 
 Account (Ireland). 
 
 (2.) There shall be paid into such account all sums payable 
 from the Irish Exchequer to the Exchequer of the United King- 
 dom, or from the latter to the former Exchequer, and all sums 
 directed to be paid into the account for the benefit of either of 
 the said Exchequers. 
 
 (3.) All sums, which are payable from either of the said 
 Exchequers to the other of them, or being payable out of one of 
 the said Exchequers are repayable by the other Exchequer, shal 
 in the first instance be payable out of the said account so far as 
 the money standing on the account is sufficient ; and for the 
 purpose of meeting such sums, the Treasury out of the customs 
 revenue collected in Ireland, and the Irish Government out of 
 any of the public revenues in Ireland, may direct money to be 
 paid to the Treasury Account (Ireland) instead of into the 
 Exchequer. 
 
 (4.) Any surplus standing on the account to the credit of 
 either Exchequer, and not required for meeting payments, shall 
 at convenient times be paid into that Exehcqiun', and where any 
 sum so payable into the Exchequer of the Unit(>d Kingdom is 
 required by law to be forthwith paid to the National Debt 
 Commissioners, that sum may be paid to those Commissioners 
 without being paid into the Exchequer. 
 
 (5.) All sums payable by virtue of this Act out of the Con- 
 solidated Fund of the United Kingdom or of Ireland shall be 
 payable from the Exchequer of the United Kingdom or Ireland, 
 as the case may be, within the meaning of this Act, and all 
 sums by this Act made payable from the Exchequer of the
 
 The Government of Ireland Bill, 1893. 47 
 
 United Kingdom shall, if not otherwise paid, be charged on and A.D. 1893. 
 paid out of the Consolidated Fund of the United Kingdom, 
 
 14. — (1.) There shall be charged on the Irish Consolidated Charges on 
 Fund in favour of the Exchequer of the United Kingdom as a soHdate°d ' 
 first charge on that fund all sums which — Fund. 
 
 {a) are payable to that Exchequer from the Irish Exchequer ; 
 
 or 
 {h) are required to repay to the Exchequer of the United 
 Kingdom sums issued to meet the dividends or sinking 
 fund on guaranteed land stock under the Purchase of 54 & 55 Vict. 
 Land (Ireland) Act, 1891, or "■ ^^■ 
 
 (c) otherwise have been or are required to be paid out of the 
 Exchequer of the United Kingdom in consequence of 
 the non-payment thereof out of the Exchequer of 
 Ireland or otherwise by the Irish Government. 
 (2.) If at any time the Controller and Auditor General of the 
 United Kingdom is satisfied that any such charge is due, he 
 shall certify the amount of it, and the Treasury shall send such 
 certificate to the Lord Lieutenant, who shall thereupon by order 
 without any counter-signature, direct the payment of the 
 amount from the Irish Exchequer to the Exchequer of the 
 United Kingdom, and such order shall be duly obeyed by all 
 persons, and imtil the amount is wholly paid no other payment 
 shall be made out of the Irish Exchequer for any purpose what- 
 ever. 
 
 (3.) There shall be charged on the Irish Consolidated Fund 
 next after the foregoing charge ; 
 
 [a) all sums, for dividends or sinking fund on guaranteed 
 
 land stock under the Purchase of Land (Ireland) Act, 54&55Vict. 
 1891, which the Land Purcliase Account and the ^' "^ ' 
 Guarantee Fund under that Act are insufficient to pay ; 
 (h) all sums due in respect of any debt incurred by the 
 Government of Ireland, whetlier for interest, manage- 
 ment, or sinking fund ; 
 ((?) an annual sum oijive thotisand pounds for the expenses of 
 the household and establishment of the Lord Lieu- 
 tenant ; 
 {d) all existing charges on the Consolidated Fund of the 
 United Kingdom in respect of Irish services other 
 than the salary of the Lord Lieutenant ; and 
 {e) the salaries and pensions of all judges of the Supreme 
 Court or other superior court in Ireland or of any 
 county or other like court, who are appointed after 
 the passing of this Act, and are not the Exchequer 
 judges hereafter mentioned.
 
 48 The Government of Ireland BUI, 1893. 
 
 A.D. 1893. (4.) Until all charges created by this Act upon the Irish 
 Consolidated Fund and for the time being due are paid, no 
 money shall be issued from the Irish Exchequer for a-iiy other 
 purjiose whatever. 
 
 iribhChurch 15. — (1.) All cxistiug chargcs ou the Church property in 
 
 f^'^"^' yij,j Ireland, — that is to say, all property accruing under the Irish 
 
 C.42- Church Act, 1869, and transferred to the Irish Land Com- 
 
 44&45Vict. „iissioii -by the Irish Church Amendment Act, 1881 — shall so 
 
 far as not paid out of the said property be charged on the Irish 
 
 Consolidated Fund, and any of those charges guaranteed by the 
 
 Treasury, if and so far as not paid, shall be paid out of the 
 
 Exchequer of the United Kingdom. 
 
 (2.) tSubject to the existing charges thereon, the said Church 
 property sliall belong to the Irish Government, and be managed, 
 administered, and disposed of as directed by Irish Act. 
 
 Local loans. 16. — (1.) All sums paid or applicable in or towards the dis- 
 charge of the interest or principal of any local loan advanced 
 before the appointed day on security in Ireland, or otherwise 
 in respect ot such loan, which but for this Act would be paid 
 to the National Debt Commissioners, and carried to the Local 
 Loans Fund shall, after the appointed day, be paid, until other- 
 wise provided by Irish Act, to the Irish Exchec^uer. 
 
 (2.) For the payment to the Local Loans Fund of the 
 principal and interest of such loans, the Irish Government shall 
 after the a])pointed day pay by half yearly payments an annuity 
 ioY forty -nine years, at the rate of four per cent on the principal 
 of tlie said loans, exclusive of any sums written off before the 
 appointed day from the account of assets of the Local Loans 
 Fund, and such annuity shall be paid from the Irish Exchequer 
 to the Exchequer of the United Kingdom, and when so paid 
 sliall be forthwith paid to the National Debt Commissioners for 
 the credit of the Local Loans Fund. 
 
 (3.) After the appointed day, money for loans in Ireland 
 shall cease to be advanced either by the Public "Works Loan 
 Commissioners or out of the Local Loans Fund. 
 
 Adaptation 17. — (1.) So much of any Act as directs payment to the 
 
 of Acts as Local Taxation (Ireland) Account of any share of probate excise 
 
 Taxation Or customs dulics payable to the Exchequer of the United King- 
 
 A.coiints (j^jjj sliall, together with any enactment amending the same, be 
 
 and probate, '^ .-', -ij-tj. j.\. 
 
 &C. duties, repealed as from the appointed day without prejudice to the 
 vtct^^c.^i! adjustment of balances after that day ; but the like amounts 
 54 8c 55 Vict, shall Continue to be paid to the Local Taxation Accounts in 
 '^' ^^' England and Scotland as would liave been paid if this Act had 
 
 not passed, and any residue of the said share shall be paid into 
 
 the Excliequer of the United Kingdom. 
 
 (2.) The stamp duty chargeable in respect of the personalty
 
 The Government of Ireland BUI, 1893. 49 
 
 of a deceased person, shall not in the case of administration A.D. 1893. 
 granted in Great Britain be chargeable in respect of any c 1, 
 personalty situate m Ireland, nor m the case oi administration vict. c. 86. 
 granted in Ireland be chargeable in respect of any personalty zi&aVvict. 
 situate in Great Britain ; and any administration granted in c. 95. s. 29. 
 Great Britain shall not, if re-sealed in Ireland, be exempt from c^3i^i. 25^. ' 
 stamp duty on administration granted in Ireland, and any 39St4oVict. 
 administration granted in Ireland shall not, "when re-sealed in 
 Great Britain, be exempt from stamp duty on administration 
 granted in Great Britain. 
 
 (3.) In this section the expression "administration" means 
 probate or letters of administration, and as respects Scotland, 
 confirmation inclusive of the inventory required under the Acts 
 relating to the said stamp duty, and the expression " personalty" 
 means personal or moveable estate and effects. 
 
 18. — (1.) Bills for appropriating any part of the public Money bills 
 revenue or for imposing any tax shall originate in the Legisla- ^"'^ ^°''^^" 
 tive Assembly. 
 
 (2.) It shall not be lawful for the Legislative Assembly to 
 adopt or pass any vote, resolution, address, or Bill for the 
 appropriation for any purpose of any part of the public revenue 
 of Ireland, or of any tax, except in pursuance of a recommenda- 
 tion from the Lord Lieutenant in the session in which such 
 vote, resolution, address, or Bill is proposed. 
 
 19. — (1.) Two of the judges of the Supreme Court in Ire- Exchequer 
 land shall be Exchequer judges, and shall be appointed under l-evlnuJ""^ 
 the great seal of the United Kingdom ; and their salaries and actions, 
 pensions shall be charged on and paid out of the Consolidated pel^'ions, 
 Fund of the United Kingdom. &c. 
 
 (2.) The Exchequer judges shall be removeable only by Her 
 Majesty on address from the two Houses of Parliament, and 
 each sucli judge shall, save as otherwise provided by Parlia- 
 ment, receive the same salary and be entitled to the same 
 pension as is at the time of his appointment fixed for the puisne 
 judges of the Supreme Court, and during his continuance in 
 ofiice his salary shall not be diminished, nor his right to pension 
 altered, without his consent. 
 
 (3.) An alteration of any rules relating to such legal pro- 
 ceedings as are mentioned in this section shall not be made 
 except with the approval of Her Majesty the Queen in Council; 
 and the sittings of the Exchequer judges shall be regulated with 
 the like approval. 
 
 (4.) All legal proceedings in Ireland, which are instituted at 
 the instance of or against the Treasury or Commissioners of 
 customs, or any of their officers, or relate to the election of 
 members to serve in Parliament, or touch any matter not within
 
 50 The Government of Ireland Bill, 1893. 
 
 A.D. 1893. the poTvers of the Irish Legislature, or touch any matter affected 
 by a Law which tlie Irish Legislature have not power to repeal 
 or alter, shall, if so required by any party to such proceedings, 
 be heard and determined before the Exchequer judges or (except 
 where the case requires to be determined by two judges) before 
 one of them, and in any such legal proceeding an appeal shall, 
 if any party so requires, lie from any court of first instance in 
 Ireland to the Exchequer judges, and the decision of the 
 Exchequer judges shall be subject to appeal to Her Majesty the 
 Queen in Council and not to any other tribunal. 
 
 (5.) If it is made to appear to an Exchequer judge that any 
 decree or judgment in any such proceeding as aforesaid has not 
 been duly enforced by the sherili or other officer whose duty it 
 is to enforce the same, such judge shall ajipoint some officer 
 whose duty it shall be to enforce that judgment or decree ; and 
 for that purpose such officer and all persons employed by him 
 shall be entitled to the same privileges, immunities, and powers 
 as are by law conferred on a sheriff and his officers. 
 
 (6.) The Exchequer judges, wlien not engaged in hearing and 
 determining such legal proceedings as above in this section men- 
 tioned, shall perform such of the duties ordinarily performed by 
 other judges of the Supreme Court in Ireland as may be assigned 
 by Her Majesty the Queen in Council. 
 
 (7.) All sums recovered by the Treasury or the Commissioners 
 of customs or any of their officers, or recovered under any Act 
 relating to duties of customs, shall, notwithstanding anything 
 in any other Act, be paid to such public account as the 
 Treasury or the Commissioners direct. 
 
 Fast Office Postal Telegraphs and Savings Banhs. 
 
 Transfer oi 20. — (1.) As from the appointed day the postal and telegraph 
 and post^ai scrvicc in Ireland shall be transferred to the Irish Government, 
 telegraphs. an,| jj^ay be regulated by Irish Act, except as in this Act men- 
 tioned and except as regards matters relating — 
 
 («) to such conditions of the transmission or delivery of postal 
 
 packets and telegrams as are incidental to the duties 
 
 on postage ; or 
 (J)) to foreign mails or submarine telegraphs or through lines 
 
 in connection therewith ; or 
 (c) to any other postal or telegrapliic business in connection 
 
 with places out of the United Kingdom. 
 (2.) The administration of or incidental to the said excepted 
 matters shall, save as may be otherwise arranged with the Irish 
 Post Office remain with the Postmaster-General. 
 
 (3.) As regards the revenue and expenses of the postal and
 
 The Government of Ireland Bill, 1893. 51 
 
 telegraph service, the Postmaster-General shall retain the A.D. 1893. 
 revenue collected and defray the expenses incuiTed in Great 
 Britain, and tlie Irish Post Office shall retain the revenue 
 collected and defray the expenses incurred in Ireland, subject to 
 the provisions of the Fourth Schedule to this Act; which 
 schedule shall have full effect, but may be varied or added to 
 by agreement between the Postmaster-General and the Irish 
 Post Office. 
 
 (4 ) 27ie sums payahle ly the Postmaster-General or Irish Post 
 Office to the other of them in pursuance of this Act shall, if not paid 
 out of Post Office moneys, he /paii from theExcheqicerofthe United 
 Kingdom or of Ireland, as the case requires, to the other Exchequer. 
 
 (5.) Sections forty-eight to fifty -two of the Telegraph Act, ae&a/Vict 
 1863, and any enactment amending the same, shall apply to all ^' "*' 
 telegraphic lines of the Irish Government in like manner as to 
 the telegraphs of a company within the meaning of that Act. 
 
 21. — (1.) As from the appointed day there shall be transferred Transfer 
 to the Irish Government the post office savings banks in Ireland bankl'"^* 
 and all such powers and duties of any department or officer in 
 Great Britain as are connected with post office savings banks, 
 trustee savings banks or friendly societies in Ii'eland, and the 
 same may be regulated by Irish Act. 
 
 (2.) The Treasury shall publish not less than six months pre- 
 vious notice of the transfer of Savings Banks. 
 
 (3.) If before the date of the transfer any depositor in a Post 
 Office Savings Bank so requests, his deposit shall, according to 
 his request either be paid to him or transferred to a Post Office 
 Savings Bank in Great Britain, and after the said date the 
 depositors in a Post Office Savings Bank in Ireland shall cease 
 to have any claim against the Postmaster-General or the Coi- 
 solidated Fund of tlie United Kingdom, but shall have the like 
 claim against the Government and Consolidated Fund of Ire- 
 land ; 
 
 (4.) If before the date of the transfer the trustees of any 
 trustee savings bank so request, then, according to the request, 
 either all sums due to them shall be repaid and the savings bank 
 closed, or those sums shall be paid to the Irish Government, and 
 after the said date the trustees shall cease to have any claim 
 against the National Debt Commissioners or the Consolidated 
 Fund of the United Kingdom, but shall have the like claim 
 against the Government and Consolidated Fund of Ireland. 
 
 (5.) Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this section, 
 if a sum due on account of any annuity or policy of insurance 
 which has before the above-mentioned notice been granted 
 through a Post Office or Trustee Savings Bank, is not paid by 
 the Irish Government, that sum shall be paid out of the 
 Exchequer of the United Kingdom.
 
 52 The Government of Ireland Bill, 1893. 
 
 A.D. 1893. 
 
 Irish Appeals and Bccisiofi of Constitutional Questions. 
 
 Irish 22. — (1.) The appeal from courts in Ireland to the House of 
 
 appeals. Loids shall ccase ; and where any person would, but for this 
 Act, have a right to appeal from any court in Ireland to the 
 House of Lords, such person shall have the like right to appeal to 
 Her Majesty tlie Queen in Council ; and the right so to appeal 
 sliall not be affected by any Irish Act ; and all enactments 
 relating to appeals to Her Majesty the Queen in Council, and 
 to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, shall apply 
 accordingly. 
 
 39 & 40 Vict. (2-) When the Judicial Committee sit for liearing appeals 
 
 «■ 59- from a court in Ireland, there shall be present not less than 
 
 four Lords of Appeal, within the meaning of the Appellate 
 
 Jurisdiction Act, 1876, and at least one member who is or has 
 
 been a judge of the Supreme Court in Ireland. 
 
 (3.) A rota of privy councillors to sit forbearing appeals from 
 courts in Ireland shall be made annually by Her Majesty in 
 Council, and the privy councillors, or some of them, on that rota 
 shall sit to hear the said appeals. A casual vacancy in such rota 
 during the year may be filled by Order in Council. 
 
 (3.) Nothing in this Act shall affect the jurisdiction of the 
 House of Lords to determine the claims to Irish peerages. 
 
 Special 23. — (1.) If it appears to the Lord Lieutenant or a Secretary 
 
 Seclsfon^of"^ of State expedient in the public interest that steps shall be taken 
 
 constitu- for the speedy determination of the question whether any Irish 
 
 <j'uesUons. Act or any provision thereof is beyond the powers of the Irish 
 
 Legislature, he may represent the same to Her Majesty in 
 
 Council, and thereupon the said question shall be forthwith 
 
 referred to and heard and determined by the Judicial Committee 
 
 of the Privy Council, constituted as if hearing an appeal from a 
 
 court in Ireland. 
 
 (2.) Upon the hearing of the question such persons as seem to 
 the Judicial Committee to be interested may be allowed to appear 
 and be heard as parties to the case, and the decision of the 
 Judicial Committee shall be given in like manner as if it were 
 the decision of an appeal, the nature of the report or recommen- 
 dation to Her Majesty being stated in open court. 
 
 (3.) Kothing in this Act shall prejudice any other power of 
 Her Majesty in Council to refer any question to tlie Judicial 
 Committee or the right of any person to petition Her Majesty for 
 such reference.
 
 The Government of Ireland Bill, 1893. 53 
 
 A.D. 1893. 
 Lord Lieutenant and Crown lands. 
 
 24. — (1.) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in any Office of 
 Act, every subject of the Queen shall be qualified to hold the Lfeutenant 
 office of Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, without reference to his 
 religious belief. 
 
 (2.) The term of office of the Lord Lieutenant shall be six 
 years, without prejudice to the power of Her Majesty the Queen 
 at any time to revoke the appointment. 
 
 25. Her Majesty the Queen in Council may place under the Use of 
 control of the Irish Government, for the purposes of that Govern- hy°TrL\t^^^ 
 ment, such of the lands and buildings in Ireland vested in or held Govem- 
 
 iu trust for Her Majesty, and subject to such conditions or ™®" " 
 restrictions (if any), as may seem expedient. 
 
 Judges and Civil Servants. 
 
 26. A judge of the Supreme Court or other superior court in Tenure of 
 Ireland, or of any county court or other court with a like juris- ju^ge^s. 
 diction in Ireland, appointed after the passing of this Act, shall 
 
 not be removed from his office except in pursuance of an address 
 from the two Houses of the Legislature of Ireland, nor during 
 his continuance in office shall his salary be diminished or right 
 to pension altered without his consent. 
 
 27. — .) All existing judges of the Supreme Court, county As to exist- 
 court judges, and Land Commissioners in Ireland and all existing an^-'otlfer* 
 officers serving in Ireland in the permanent civil service of the persons 
 Crown and receiving salaries charged on the Consolidated Fund salaries 
 of the United Kingdom, shall, if they are removeable at present charged 
 on address from both Houses of Parliament, continue to be soiidated 
 removeable only upon such address, and if removeable in any other i''""'^- 
 manner shall continue to be removeable only in the same manner 
 as heretofore ; and shall continue to receive the same salaries, 
 gratuities, and pensions, and to be liable to perfonn the same 
 duties as heretofore, or such duties as Her Majesty may declare 
 to be analogous, and their salaries and pensions, if and so far as 
 not paid out of the Irisli Consolidated Fund, shall be paid out 
 of the Exchequer of the United Kingdom : Provided that this 
 section shall be subject to the provisions of this Act with respect 
 to the Exchequer judges. 
 
 (2.) If any of the said judges, commissioners, or officers retires 
 from office with the Queen's approhation hefore completion of the 
 period of service entitling him to a pension, Her Majesty may, if she 
 thinks ft, grant to him such pension, not exceeding the peyision to 
 ivhich he icould on that completion have heen entitled, as to Her 
 Majesty seems meet.
 
 a4 
 
 The Government of Ireland BUI, 1893. 
 
 As to 
 
 Eersons 
 olding 
 civil service 
 appoint- 
 ments. 
 
 A. i). 1893. 28. — (1.) All existing officers in the pormancnt civil service 
 of tlie Crown, who are not above provided for, and are at the 
 a])pointed day serving in Ireland, shall after that day continue 
 to hold their offices by the same tenure and to receive the 
 same salaries, gratuities, and pensions, and to be liable to perform 
 the same duties as heretofore or such duties as the Treasury may 
 declare to be analogous; and the said gratuities and j)ensions, and 
 nntil three years after the passing of this Act, the salaries due to 
 any of the said officers if remaining in his existing office, shall he 
 paid to the payees by the Treasury out of the Exchequer of the 
 United Kingdom. 
 
 (2.) Any such ofiicer may after three years from the passing of 
 this Act retire from office, and sliall, at any tinie during those 
 three years, if required by the Irish Government, retire from 
 office, and on any such retirement may be awarded by the 
 Treasury a gratuity or pension in accordance with the Fifth 
 Schedule to this Act ; Provided that — 
 
 (rt) six months written notice shall, unless it is otherwise 
 agreed, be given either by the said officer or by the 
 Irish Government as the case requires ; and 
 
 ih) such number of officers only shall retire at one time 
 and at such intervals of time as the Treasury, in com- 
 munication with the Irish Government, sanction. 
 
 (3.) If any such officer does not so retire, the Treasury may 
 award him after the said three years a pension in accordance 
 with the Fifth Schedule to this Act which shall become payable 
 to him on his ultimate retirement from the serA'ice of the 
 Crown. 
 
 (4.) The gratuities and pensions awarded in accordance tvith the 
 Fifth Schedule to this Act shall be paid by the Treasury to the 
 payees out of the Exchequer of the United Kingdom. 
 
 (6.) All sums paid out of the Exchequer of the United King- 
 dom in pursuance of tlds section shall be repaid to that 
 Exchequer from the Irish Exchequer. 
 
 (6.) This section shall not apply to officers retained in the 
 service of the Government of the United Kingdom. 
 
 As to 
 
 existing 
 pensions 
 and super- 
 annuation 
 allowances. 
 
 29. Any existing pension granted on account of service in 
 Ireland as a judge of the Supreme Court or of any court consoli- 
 dated into that court, or as a county court judge, or in any other 
 judicial position, or as an officer in the permanent civil service 
 of the Crown other Ihan in an office the holder of which is after 
 tlie appointed day retained in the service of the Government of
 
 The Government of Ireland Bill, 1893. 56 
 
 the United Kingdom, shall be charged on the Irish Consolidated A.D. 1893. 
 Fund, and if and so far as not paid out of that fund, shall be paid — 
 out of the Exchequer of the United Kingdom. 
 
 Police. 
 
 30. — (1.) The forces of the Royal Irish Constabulary and As to 
 Dublin Metropolitan Police sliall, when and as local police forces P°^"=^- 
 are from time to time established in Ireland in accordance with 
 the Sixth Schedule to this Act, be gradually reduced and ulti- 
 mately cease to exist as mentioned in that Schedule ; and after 
 the passing of this Act, no officer or man shall be appointed to 
 either of those forces ; 
 
 Provided that until the expiration of six years from the 
 appointed day, nothing in this Act shall require the Lord Lieu- 
 teuant to cause either of the said forces to cease to exist, if as 
 representing Her Majesty the Queen he considers it inexpedient. 
 
 (2.) The said two forces shall, while they continue, be subject 
 to the control of the Lord Lieutenant as representing Her Ma- 
 jesty, and the members thereof shall continue to receive the 
 same salaries, gratuities, and pensions, and liold their appoint- 
 ments on the same tenure as heretofore, a7id those salaries 
 gratuities, and pensions, and all the expenditure incidental to 
 either force, shall he paid out of the Exchequer of the United 
 Kingdom. 
 
 (3.) When any existing member of either force retires under 
 the provisions of the Sixth Schedule to this Act, the Treasury 
 may award to him a gratuity or pension in accordance with 
 that Schedule. 
 
 (4.) Those gratuities and pensions and all existing pensions 
 payable in respect of service in either force, shall he paid hy the 
 Treasury to the payees out of the Exchequer of the United Kingdom. 
 
 (5.) Two-thirds of the net amount payable in pursuance of this 
 section out of the Exchequer of the United Kingdom shall he repaid 
 to that Exchequer from the Irish Exchequer. 
 
 Miscellaneous. 
 31. Save as may be otherwise provided by Irish Act, — 
 («) The existing law relating to the Exchequer and Consoli- jrish 
 
 dated Fund of the United Kingdom shall apply with Exchequet 
 the necessary modifications to the Exchequer and Con- dated Fund 
 solidated Fund of Ireland, and an officer shall be and Audit, 
 appointed by the Lord Lieutenant to be the Irish 
 Comptroller and Auditor General; and 
 (h) The Accounts of the Irish Consolidated Fund shall be 
 audited as appropriation accounts in manner provided 
 by the Exchequer and Audit Departments Act, 1866, 29&3oVict 
 by or under the direction of such officer. c. 39. 
 
 E 2
 
 56 
 
 The Government of Ireland Bill, 1893. 
 
 A.D. 1893. 32. — (1.) Subject as in this Act mentioned and particularly 
 i.awT^ii- ^^ ^^'^' Seventh Schedule to this Act (wliich Sciiedule shall have 
 cable to both full effect) all cxistiug election laws relating to the House of 
 irishTegis- Couiiuons and the members thereof shall, so far as applicable, 
 lature. extend to each of the two Houses of the Irish Legislature and 
 
 the members thereof, but such election laws so far as hereby 
 extended may be altered by Irish Act. 
 
 (2.) The privileges, rights, and immunities to be held and 
 enjoyed by each House and the members thereof shall be such 
 as may be defined by Irish Act, but so that the same shall never 
 exceed those for the time being held and enjoyed by the House 
 of Commons, and the members thereof. 
 
 Siipplc- 
 tnental 
 
 33. — (1.) The Irish Legislature may repeal or alter any 
 provisions pi'ovisiou of this Act wliich is by this Act expressly made alter- 
 as to powers able by that Legislature, and also any enactments in force in 
 i.egVs^iature. Ireland, except such as either relate to matters beyond the powers 
 of the Irish Legislature, or being enacted by Parliament after the 
 passing of this Act may be expressly extended to Ireland. An 
 Irish Act, notwithstanding it is in any respect repugnant to any 
 enactment excepted as aforesaid, shall, though read subject 
 to til at enactment, be, except to the extent of that repugnancy, 
 valid. 
 
 (2.) An order, rule, or regulation, made in pursuance of, or 
 having the force of, an Act of Parliament, shall be deemed to 
 be an enactment within the meaning of this section. 
 
 (3.) Notliing in this Act shall aiiect Bills relating to the 
 divorce or marriage of individuals, and any such Bill shall be 
 introduced and proceed in Parliament in like manner as if this 
 Act had not passed. 
 
 Limitation 
 on borrow- 
 ing by local 
 authorities. 
 
 34. The local authority for any county or borough or other 
 area shall not borrow money without either — 
 
 (a) special authority from the Irish Legislature, or 
 {I) the sanction of the proper department of the Irish Govern- 
 ment ; 
 
 and shall not, without such special authority, borrow ; 
 
 (i) in the case of a municipal borough or town or area less 
 than a county, any loan which together with the then 
 outstanding debt of the local authority, will exceed 
 twice the annual rateable value of the property in the 
 municipal borough, town, or area; or 
 
 (ii) in the case of a county or larger area, any loan which, 
 together with the then outstanding debt of the local 
 authority, will exceed one-tenth of the annual rateable 
 value of the [)roperty in the county or area; or
 
 The Government of Ireland Bill, 1893. 57 
 
 (iii) in any case a loan exceeding one-half of the above limits A.D. 1893. 
 without a local inquiry held in the county, borough, 
 or area by a person appointed for the purpose by the 
 said department. 
 
 Transitory Provisions. 
 
 35. — (1.) During three years from the passing of this Act, Temporary 
 and if Parliament is then sitting until the end of thfit session of "„ powL^rs 
 Parliament, the Irish Legislature shall not pass an Act respecting of Irish 
 the relations of landlord and tenant, or the sale, purchase, or anflxecut 
 letting of land generally : Provided that nothing in this section ^'^e. 
 shall prevent the passing of any Irish Act with a view to the 
 purchase of land for railways, harbours, waterworks, town 
 improvements, or other local undertakings. 
 
 (2.) During six years from the passing of this Act, the appoint- 
 ment of a judge of the Supreme Court or other superior court in 
 Ireland (other than one of the Exchequer judges) shall be made 
 in pursuance of a warrant from Her Majesty countersigned as 
 heretofore. 
 
 36. — (1.) Subject to the pi-ovisions of this Act Her Majesty Transitory 
 the Queen in Council may make or direct such arrangements as P'o^'5'°"s- 
 seem necessary or proper for setting in motion the Irish Legis- 
 lature and Government and for otherwise bringing this Act into 
 operation. 
 
 (2.) The Irish Legislature shall be summoned to meet on the 
 Jirst Tuesday in Septemher^ one thousand eiyht hundred and ninety- 
 four, and the first election of members of the two Houses of the 
 Irish Legislature shall be held at such time before that day, as 
 may be fixed by Her Majesty in Council. 
 
 (3.) Upon the first meeting of the Irish Legislature the 
 members of the House of Commons then sitting for Irish con- 
 stituencies, including the members for Dublin University, shall 
 vacate their seats, and writs shall, as soon as conveniently may 
 be, be issued by the Lord Chancellor of Ireland for the purpose 
 of holding an election of members to serve in Parliament for 
 the constituencies named in the Second Schedule of this Act. 
 
 (4.) The existing Chief Baron of the Exchequer, and the 
 senior of the existing puisne judges of the Exchequer Division 
 of the Supreme Coiirt, or if they or either of them are or is 
 dead or unable or unwilling to act, such other of the judges of 
 the Supreme Court as Her Majesty may appoint shall be the 
 first Exchequer judges. 
 
 (5.) Where it appears to Her Majesty the Queen in Council, 
 before the expii-ation of one year after the appointed day, that
 
 58 The Government of Ireland Bill, 1893. 
 
 A.D. 1893. any existing- ciiactmcnt respecting matters witliin the powers of 
 the Irish Legislature requires adaptation to Ireland, whether — 
 
 (a) by the substitution of the Lord Lieutenant in Council, or 
 of any department or officer of the executive Govern- 
 ment in Ireland, for Her Majesty in Council, a Secre- 
 tary of State, the Treasury, the Postmaster-General, 
 the Eoard of Inland Itevenue, or other public depart- 
 ment or officer in Great Britain ; or 
 
 (i) by the substitution of the Irish Consolidated Fund or 
 moneys provided by the Iiish Legislatui'e for the Con- 
 solidated Fund of the United Kingdom, or moneys 
 provided by Parliament ; or 
 
 (c) by the substitution of confirmation by, or other act to be 
 done by or to, the Irish Legislature for confirmation 
 by or other act to be done by or to Parliament ; or 
 
 {d) by any other adaptation ; 
 Her Majesty, by Order in Council, may make that adaptation. 
 
 (6.) Her Majesty the Queen in Council may provide for the 
 transfer of such property, rights, and liabilities, and the doing 
 of such other things as may appear to Her Majesty necessary or 
 proper for carrying into effect this Act or any Order in Council 
 under this Act. 
 
 (7.) An Order in Council under this section may make an 
 adaptation or provide for a transfer either unconditionally or 
 subject to such exceptions, conditions, and restrictions as may 
 seem expedient. 
 
 (8.) The draft of every Order in Council under this section 
 shall be laid before both Houses of Parliament for not less than 
 two mouths before it is made, and such Order when made shall, 
 subject as respects Ireland to the provisions of an Irish Act, 
 have full eft'ect, but shall not interfere with the continued ap- 
 plication to any place, authority, person, or thing, not in Ireland, 
 of the enactment to which the Order relates. 
 
 Continu- 37. — Except as otherwise provided by this Act, all existing 
 
 exrsUng laws, institutions, authorities, and officers in Ireland, whether 
 
 laws, courts, ji;dicial, administrative, or ministerial, and all existing taxes in 
 
 cers, c. |,.^,j,jj^j g|,.jj][ continue as if this Act liad not passed, but with 
 
 the modifications necessary for adapting the same to tliis Act, 
 
 and subject to be repealed, abolished, altered, and adapted in 
 
 the manner and to the extent authorised by this Ad . 
 
 Appointed 38. Subject as in this Act mentioned the appointed day for 
 
 ''^y- the purposes of this Act shall be the day of tlic first meeting of 
 
 the Irish Legislature, or such other day not more than seven 
 
 months earlier or later as may be fixed by order of Her Majesty
 
 The Government of Ireland Bill, 1893. 59 
 
 in Council either generally or with reference to any particular A.D. 1893. 
 provision of this Act, and different days may be appointed for 
 different purposes and different provisions of this Act, whether 
 contained in the same section or in different sections. 
 
 39. In this Act unless the context otherwise requires — Definitions. 
 The expression " existing" means existing at the passing of 
 
 this Act. 
 
 The expression "constituency" means a parliamentary con- 
 stituency or a county or borough returning a member or members 
 to serve in either House of the Irish Legislature, as the case 
 requires, and the expression " parliamentary constituency " 
 means any county, borough, or university returning a member 
 or members to serve in Parliament. 
 
 The expression ^' parliamentary elector " means a person en- 
 titled to be registered as a voter at a parliamentary election. 
 
 The expression "parliamentary election" means the election 
 of a member to serve in Parliament. 
 
 The expression "tax" includes duties and fees, and the ex- 
 pression "duties of excise" does not include license duties. 
 
 The expression "foreign mails" means all postal packets, 
 whether letters, parcels, or other packets, posted in the United 
 Kingdom and sent to a place out of the United Kingdom, or 
 posted in a place out of the United Kingdom and sent to a place 
 in the United Kingdom, or in transit tlirough the United 
 Kingdom to a place out of the XTjiited Kingdom. 
 
 The expression " telegraphic line" has the same meaning as 26&27 Vict. 
 in the Telegraph Acts, 1863 to 1892. 4i&42Vict. 
 
 The expression " duties on postage" includes all rates and f-^^-gyj 
 sums chargeable for or in respect of postal packets, money orders, c. 59. 
 or telegrams, or otherwise under the Post Office Acts or the ^^^j ytct 
 Telegraph Act, 1892. c. 36. 
 
 The expression " Irish Act " means a law made by the Irish ^^^3^^ "^'' 
 Legislature. 48 &49 Vict, 
 
 The expression " election laws " means the laws relating to ^'^ ' 
 the election of members to serve in Parliament, other than those 
 relating to the qualification of electors, and includes all the 
 laws respecting the registration of electors, the issue and execu- 
 tion of writs, the creation of polling districts, the taking of the 
 poll, the questioning of elections, corrupt and illegal practices, 
 the disqualification of members and the vacating of seats. 
 
 The expression " rateable value " means the annual rateable 
 value under the Irish Valuation Acts. 
 
 The expression " salary" includes remuneration, allowances, 
 and emoluments. 
 
 The expression " pension " includes superannuation allowance. 
 
 40. This Act maybe cited as the Irish Government Act, 1893. Short title.
 
 60 
 
 A.D. 1893. 
 
 The Government of Ireland Bill, 1893. 
 SCHEDULES. 
 
 FIRST SCHEDULE. 
 
 Legislative Council. 
 
 Constituencies and Number of Councillors. 
 
 Constituencies. 
 
 Councillors. 
 
 Antrim county 
 
 
 
 
 Three. 
 
 Armagh county 
 
 
 
 
 One. 
 
 Belfast borough 
 
 
 
 
 Two. 
 
 Carlow county 
 
 
 
 
 One. 
 
 Cavan county 
 
 
 
 
 One. 
 
 Clare county 
 
 
 
 
 One. 
 
 Cork county — 
 
 
 
 
 
 East Eiding 
 
 
 
 
 Three. 
 
 West Riding 
 
 
 
 
 One. 
 
 Cork borough 
 
 
 
 
 One. 
 
 Donegal county 
 
 
 
 
 One. 
 
 Down county 
 
 
 
 
 Three. 
 
 Dublin county 
 
 
 
 
 Three. 
 
 Dublin borough 
 
 
 
 
 Two. 
 
 Fermanagh county 
 
 
 
 
 One. 
 
 Galway county 
 
 
 
 
 Two. 
 
 Kerry county 
 
 
 
 
 One. 
 
 Kildare county 
 
 
 
 
 One. 
 
 Kilkenny county 
 
 
 
 
 One. 
 
 King's county 
 
 
 
 
 Oue. 
 
 Ijeitrini and Sligo counties 
 
 
 
 
 One. 
 
 Jjimerick county 
 
 
 
 
 Two. 
 
 Londonderry county 
 
 
 
 
 One. 
 
 Longford couuty 
 
 
 
 
 One. 
 
 Louth county 
 
 
 
 
 One. 
 
 ^Layo county 
 
 
 
 
 One. 
 
 -Meath county 
 
 
 
 
 One. 
 
 ]\Ionagban county 
 
 
 
 
 One. 
 
 Queen's county 
 
 
 
 
 One. 
 
 Roscommon county 
 
 
 
 
 One. 
 
 Tipperary county 
 
 
 
 
 Two. 
 
 Tyrone county 
 
 
 
 
 One. 
 
 Waterford county 
 
 
 
 
 One. 
 
 Westmeath county 
 
 
 
 
 One. 
 
 "NYoxford county 
 
 
 
 
 One. 
 
 Wicklow county 
 
 
 
 
 One. 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 Forty-eight. 
 
 The expression "borough" in th is Schedule means an existing parliamentary borouffh. 
 
 Counties of cities and towns not named in this Schedule shall be combined with the 
 county at larsje in which they are included for parliamentary elections, and if not so 
 included, then with the county at large bearing the same name. 
 
 A borough named in this Schedule shall not for the purposes of this Schedule form 
 part of any other constituency.
 
 The Government of Ireland Bill, 1893. 
 
 SECOND SCHEDULE. 
 Ikish Members in the House of Commons. 
 
 61 
 
 A.D. 1893. 
 
 
 Number of 
 
 
 Members for 
 
 Constituency. 
 
 House of 
 
 
 Commons. 
 
 Antrim county 
 
 
 Three. 
 
 Armagh county 
 
 
 Two. 
 
 Belfast borough (in divisions as mentioned below) . 
 
 
 Four. 
 
 Carlow county 
 
 
 One. 
 
 Cavan county 
 
 
 Two. 
 
 Clare county 
 
 
 Two. 
 
 Cork county (in divisions as mentioned below) 
 
 
 Five. 
 
 Cork borough 
 
 
 Two. 
 
 Donegal county 
 
 
 Three. 
 
 Down county 
 
 
 Three. 
 
 Dublin county 
 
 
 Two. 
 
 DubKn borough (in divisions as mentioned below) . 
 
 
 Four. 
 
 Fermanagh county 
 
 
 One. 
 
 Galway county 
 
 
 Three. 
 
 Galway borough 
 
 
 One. 
 
 Kerry county 
 
 
 Three. 
 
 Kildare county 
 
 
 One. 
 
 Kilkenny county 
 
 
 One. 
 
 Kilkenny borough 
 
 
 One. 
 
 King's county 
 
 
 One. 
 
 Leitrim county 
 
 
 Two. 
 
 Limerick county 
 
 
 Two. 
 
 Limerick borough 
 
 
 One. 
 
 Londonderry county 
 
 
 Two. 
 
 Londonderry borough . . 
 
 
 One. 
 
 Longford county 
 
 
 One. 
 
 Louth county 
 
 
 One. 
 
 Mayo county 
 
 
 Three. 
 
 Meath county 
 
 
 Two. 
 
 Monaghan county 
 
 
 Two. 
 
 Newry borough 
 
 
 One. 
 
 Queen's county 
 
 
 One. 
 
 Roscommon county 
 
 
 Two. 
 
 Sligo county 
 
 
 Two. 
 
 Ti{)perary county 
 
 
 Three. 
 
 Tyrone county 
 
 
 Tliree. 
 
 Waterford county 
 
 
 One. 
 
 Waterford borough 
 
 
 One. 
 
 "Westmeath county 
 
 
 One. 
 
 Wexford county 
 
 
 Two. 
 
 Wicklow county 
 
 
 One. 
 
 
 
 Eighty. 
 
 (i.) In this Schedule the expression "borough" means an existing parliamentary 
 borough. 
 
 (2.) In the parliamentary boroughs of Belfast and Dublin, one member shall be 
 returned by each of the existing parliamentary divisions of those boroughs, and the 
 law relating to the divisions of boroughs shall apply accordingly. 
 
 (3.) The county of Corl< shall be divided into two divisions, consisting of the East 
 Riding and the West Riding, and three members shall be elected by the East Riding, 
 and two members shall be elected by the West Riding ; and the law relating to divi- 
 sions of counties shall apply to those divisions.
 
 62 The Government of Ireland Bill, 1893. 
 
 A.D. 1S93. THIRD SCHEDULE. 
 
 FiNAXCK. 
 
 Imperial Liabilities, Expenditure, and Miscellaneous Revenue. 
 Liabilities. 
 For the purpose of this Act, ' ' Imperial liabilities ' ' consist of — 
 
 (1.) The funded and unfunded debt of the United Kingdom, inclusive of 
 terminable annuities paid out of the permanent annual charge for the 
 National Debt, and inclusive of the cost of the management of the said 
 funded and unfunded debt, but exclusive of the Local Loans stock and 
 Guaranteed Land stock and the cost of the management thereof ; and 
 
 (2.) All other charges on the Consolidated Fund of the United Kingdom 
 for the repayment of borrowed money, or to fulfill a guarantee. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 For the purpose of this Act Imperial expenditure consists of expenditure 
 for the following services : — 
 
 I. Naval and Military expenditure (including Greenwich Hospital). 
 II. Civil expenditure, that is to say, — 
 {a.) Civil list and Royal Family. 
 
 {b.) Salaries, pensions, allowances, and incidental expenses of — 
 (i.) Lord Lieutenant of Ireland ; 
 (ii.) Exchequer judges in Ireland, 
 (c.) Buildings, works, saharies, pensions, printing, stationery, allow- 
 ances, and incidental expenses of — 
 (i.) Parliament ; 
 
 (ii.) National Debt Commissioners ; 
 (iii.) Foreign Office and diplomatic and consular sei-vice, including 
 
 secret service, special services, and telegraph subsidies ; 
 (iv.) Colonial Office, including special services and telegraph subsi- 
 dies; 
 (v.) Privy Council ; 
 
 (vi.) Board of Trade including the Mercantile Marine Fund, Patent 
 Office, Railway Commission, and Wreck Commission but 
 excluding Bankruptcy ; 
 (vii.) Mint ; 
 
 (viii.) Jleteorological Society ; 
 (ix.) Slave trade service. 
 
 {d.) Foreign mails and telegraphic communication with places outside 
 the United Kingdom. 
 
 Revenue. 
 For the pui-poses of this Act the public revenue to a portion of whicli 
 Ireland may claim to be entitled consists of revenue from the following 
 sources : — 
 
 1. Suez Canal shares or payments on account thereof. 
 
 2. Loans and advances to foreign countries. 
 
 3. Annual payments by British possessions. 
 
 4. Fees, stamps, and extra receipts received by departments, the expenses 
 of which are part of the Imperial expenditure. 
 
 5. Small branches of the hereditary revenues of the Crown. 
 
 6. Foreshores.
 
 The Government of Ireland Bill, 1893. 63 
 
 FOURTH SCHEDULE. A.D. 1893. 
 
 Provisions as to Post Office. 
 
 (1.) The Postmaster- General shall pay to the Irish Post Office in respect 
 of any foreign mails sent through Ireland and the Irish Post Office shall 
 pay to the Postmaster-General in respect of any foreign mails sent through 
 Great Britain, such sum as may he agreed upon for the carriage of those 
 mails in Ireland or Great Britain as the case may be. 
 
 (2.) The Irish Post Office shall pay to the Postmaster- General; 
 
 (i.) One half of the expense of the packet service and submarine tele- 
 graph lines between Great Britain and Ireland after deducting 
 from that expense the sum fixed by the Postmaster-General as 
 incurred on account of foreign mails or telegraphic communica- 
 tion with a place out of the United Kingdom as the case may be ; 
 and 
 
 (ii.) Five per cent of the expenses of the conveyance outside the 
 United Kingdom of foreign mails, and of the transmission of 
 telegrams to places outside the United Kingdom ; and 
 
 (iii.) Such proportion of the receipts for telegrams to places out of the 
 United Kingdom as is due in respect of the transmission outside 
 the United Kingdom of such telegrams 
 
 (3.) The Postmaster-General and the Irish Post Office respectively shall 
 pay to the other of them on accoimt of foreign money orders, of com- 
 pensation in respect of postal packets, and of any matters not specifically 
 provided for in this Schedule such sums as may be agreed upon. 
 
 (4.) Of the existing debt incurred in respect of telegraphs, a sum of 
 five hundred and fifty thousand pounds two and three quarters per cent ' 
 
 Consolidated Stock shall be treated as debt of the Irish Post Office, and 
 for paying the dividends on and redeeming such stock there shall be paid 
 half yearly by the Irish Exchequer to the Exchequer of the United Kingdom 
 an annuity of eu/hteen thousand pounds for sixty years, and such annuity 
 when paid into tlie Exchequer shall be forthwith paid to the National Debt 
 Commissioners and applied for the reduction of the National Debt. 
 
 (5.) The Postmaster- General and the Irish Post Office may agree on the 
 facilities to be afforded by the Irish Post Office in Ireland in relation to 
 any matters the administration of which bj' virtue of this Act remains with 
 the Postmaster- General, and with respect to the use of the Irish telegraphio 
 lines for through lines in connection with submarine telegraphs, or with 
 telegraphic communication with any place out of the United Kingdom. 
 
 FIFTH SCHEDULE. 
 
 Eegulations as to Grati'ities and Pensions fok Civil Servants.
 
 64 The Government of Ireland BUI, 1893. 
 
 A.D. 1893. SIXTH SCHEDULE. 
 
 Part I. 
 
 Regulations as to establishment of Police Forces and as to the 
 EoYAL Irish Constabulary and Dublin Metropolitan Police 
 ceasing to exist. 
 
 (1.) Such local police forces shall be established under such local 
 authoi-ities and for such counties, municipal boroughs, or other larger areas, 
 as may be provided by Irish Act. 
 
 (2.) Whenever the Executive Committee of the Privy Council in Ireland 
 certify to the Lord Lieutenant that a police force adequate for local 
 purposes, has been established in any area, then, subject to the provisions of 
 this Act, he shall within six months thereafter direct the Royal Irish 
 Constabulary to be withdrawn from the performance of regular police duties 
 in such area, and such order shall be forihwith carried into effect. 
 
 (3.) Upon any such withdravi'al the Lord Lieutenant shall order measures 
 to be taken for a proportionate reduction of the numbers of the Royal Irish 
 Constabulary, and such order shall be duly executed. 
 
 (4.) Upon the Executive Committee of the Privy Council in Ireland 
 certifying to the Lord Lieutenant that adequate local police forces have been 
 established in every part of Ireland, then, subject to the provisions of this 
 Act, the Lord Lieutenant shall Vithin six months after such certificate, 
 order measures to be taken for causing the whole of the Royal Irish Con- 
 stabulary to cease to exist as a police force, and such order shall be duly 
 executed. 
 
 (/).) Where the area in which a local police force is established is part of 
 the Duldin Metropolitan Police District, the foregoing regulatiorxS shall apply 
 to the Dublin Metropolitan Police in like manner as if that force were the 
 Royal Irish Constabulary. 
 
 Part II. 
 
 Regulations as to Gratuities and Pensions for the Royal Irish 
 Constabul.'Vry and Dublin Metropolitan Police. 
 
 SEVENTH SCHEDULE. 
 
 Regulations as to Houses of thb Legislature and the 
 Members thereof. 
 
 Legislative Council. 
 
 (1.) There shall be a separate register of electors of councillors of the 
 Legislative Council which shall be made, until otherwise provided by Irish 
 Act, in like manner as the parliamentary register of electors.
 
 The Government of Ireland Bill, 1893. Q^ 
 
 (2.) "Where, for the election of councillors any counties are combined so A.D. 1893. 
 
 as to form one constituency, then until otherwise provided by Irish Act, 
 
 (rt) the returning officer for the m hole constituency shall he that one of 
 the returning officers for Parliamentary elections for those counties 
 to whom the writ is addressed, and the writ shall be addressed to 
 the returning officer for the constituency with the largest popula- 
 tion, according to the census of 1891. 
 {h) the returning officer shall have the same authority throughout the 
 whole constituency as a returning officer at a Parliamentary election 
 for a county has in the county, 
 (c) the registers of electors of each county shall jointly be the register of 
 
 electors for the constituency. 
 (<^ for the pui-poses of this Schedule "county" includes a county of a 
 city or town, and this Schedule, and the law relating to the quali- 
 fication of electors shall apply, as if the county of a city or town 
 formed part of the county at large with which it is combined, and 
 the qualification in the county of a city or town shall be the same 
 as in such county at large. 
 (3.) Writs shall be issued for the election of councillors at such time not 
 less than one nor more than three months before the day for the periodical 
 retirement of councillors as the Lord Lieutenant in Council may fix. 
 
 (4.) The day for the periodical retirement of councillors shall until other- 
 wise provided by Irish Act be the last day of August in every fourth year. 
 
 (5.) For the purposes of such retirement, the constituencies shall be divided 
 into two equal divisions, and the constituencies in each province shall be 
 divided as nearly as may be equally between those divisions, and consti- 
 tuencies returning two or more members shall be treated as two or more 
 constituencies, and placed in both divisions. 
 
 (6.) Subject as aforesaid, the particular constituencies which are to be in 
 each division shall be determined by lot. 
 
 (7.) The said division and lot shall be made and comlucted before the 
 appointed day in manner directed b}' the Lord Lieutenant in Council. 
 
 (8.) The first councillors elected for the constituencies in the first division 
 shall retire on the first day of retirement which occurs after the first meeting 
 of the Irish Legislature, and the first councillors for the constituencies in 
 the second division shall retire on the second day of retirement after that 
 meeting. 
 
 (9.) Any casual vacancy among the councillors shall be filled by a new 
 election, but the councillor filling the vacancy shall retire at the time at 
 which the vacating councillor would have retired. 
 
 Legislative Assetnhhj. 
 
 (10.) The Parliamentary register of electors for the time being shall, 
 until otherwise provided by Irish Act, be the register of electors of the 
 Legislative Assembly. 
 
 Both Houses. 
 
 (11.) Until otherwise provided by Irish Act, the Lord Lieutenant in 
 Council may mnke regulations for adapting the existing election laws to the 
 election of members of the two Houses of the Legislature. 
 
 (12.) Annual sessions of the Legislature shall be held. 
 
 (13.) Any peer, whether of the United Kingdom, Great Britain, England, 
 Scotland, or Ireland shall be qualified to be a member of either House. 
 
 (14.) A member of either House may by writing under his hand resign 
 his seat, and the same shall thereupon be vacant. 
 
 (15.) The same person shall not be a member of both Houses.
 
 66 The Government of Ireland Bill, 1893. 
 
 A.D. 1893. (16.) Until otherwise piovided by Irish Act, if the same person is elected 
 
 to a seat in each House, he shall, before the eighth day after the next sitting 
 
 of either House, by written notice, elect in M-hich House he will serve, and 
 upon such election his seat in the other House shall be vacant, and if he 
 does not so elect, his seat in both Houses shall be vacant. 
 
 (17.) Until otherwise provided by Irish Act, any such notice electing in 
 which House a person will sit, or any notice of resignation, shall be given 
 in manner directed by the Standing Orders of the Houses, and if there is no 
 such direction, shall be given to the Lord Lieutenant. 
 
 (18.) The powers of either House shall not be affected by any vacancy 
 therein, or any defect in the election or qualification of any member thereof. 
 (19.) Until otherwise provided by Irish Act the holders of such Irish 
 offices as may be named by Order of the Queen in Council before the 
 appointed day, shall be entitled to be elected to and sit in either House 
 notwithstanding that they hold offices under the Crown, but on acceptance 
 of any such office the seat of any such person in either House shall be 
 vacated unless he has accepted the office in succession to some other of the 
 said offices. 
 
 (20.) The Lord Lieutenant in Council may, before the appointed day 
 make regulations for the following purposes: — 
 
 (a.) The making of a register of electors of councillors in time for the 
 election of the first councillors, and with that object for the varia- 
 tion of the days relating to registration in tlie existing election 
 laws, and for prescribing the duties of officers, and for making 
 such adaptations of those laws as appear necessary or proper for 
 duly making a register ; 
 (b.) The summoning of the two Houses of the Legislature of Ireland, the 
 issue of writs and any other things appearing to be necessary or 
 proper for the election of members of the two Houses ; 
 (c.) The election of a chairman (whether called Speaker, President, or by 
 any other name,) of each House, the quorum of each House, the 
 communications between the two Houses, and such adaptation to 
 the proceedings of the two Houses of the procedure of Parliament, 
 as appears expedient for facilitating the conduct of business by 
 those Houses on their first meeting ; 
 (d.) The adaptation to the two Houses and the members thereof of any 
 laws and customs relating to the House of Commons or the 
 members thereof; 
 (e.) The deliberation and voting together of the two Houses in cases 
 provided by this Act. 
 
 (21.) The regulations may be altered by Irish Act, and also in so far as 
 they concern the procedure of either House alone, by Standing Orders of 
 that House, but shall, until altered, have effect as if enacted in this Act. 
 
 Printed by PoNSONBY AND Wkldrick, Dublin.
 
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