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CLAVIS HORATIANA; 
 
 OR, 
 
 A KEY 
 
 TO THE 
 
 ODES OF HORACE, 
 
 TO WHICH IS PREFIXED, 
 
 A LIFE OF THE POET, 
 
 AND 
 
 AN ACCOUNT OF THE HORATIAN METRES. 
 
 FOR THE USE OF SCHOOLS. 
 
 ■ 
 
 S? [ UNIVER51T" 
 
 LONDON: 
 G. AND W. B. WHITTAKER, 
 
 AVE MARIA LANE. 
 
 1823. 
 
LONDON : 
 PRINTED BY R. GILBERT, 
 ST. JOHN'S SQUARE. 
 
ADVERTISEMENT 
 
 The rapid increase of literal Translations has 
 justly become an object of deep concern to many, 
 who are engaged in the instruction of youth. 
 It is obvious that these Jielps, as they are called, 
 must greatly lessen the pupil's industry ; and 
 by presenting at once to his view the rendering 
 of a passage, relax his ardour in tracing its con- 
 struction for himself. Every master well knows 
 the readiness with which a pupil will catch at 
 any thing which is likely to abridge his labour, 
 and must proportionably lament the facility with 
 which such means are procured, as they tend 
 more directly to retard, if not prevent, a tho- 
 rough acquaintance with the peculiar style of an 
 author. 
 
 Whilst, however, we regret that complete 
 assistance, which shuts out the chance of a pu- 
 a2 
 
!V ADVERTISEMENT. 
 
 pil's thinking and working for himself, it is not 
 to be denied that a certain degree of help is use- 
 ful and necessary. When a boy enters upon the 
 higher order of books, which are usually read in 
 schools, something more is, doubtless, expected 
 from him than a bare grammatical rendering of 
 a passage. He should then begin to study the 
 object of his author, to understand his allusions, 
 to investigate the peculiarities of his style; and, 
 if a poet, to trace the laws of his metre, and the 
 beauties of his versification. 
 
 To afford all reasonable assistance in attaining 
 these objects, in one of the most delightful of the 
 Latin poets, is the design of the Clavis Hora- 
 tiana. With this view, every real difficulty in 
 construction has been explained ; and in those 
 instances, in which there is any perplexed posU 
 tion of the words, the order has been given, 
 Without superseding the use of a dictionary, 
 those words have for the most part been ex- 
 plained, in which a pupil, who has advanced so 
 far as to be capable of reading Horace, would 
 perhaps feel himself at a loss. The figures of 
 speech have been generally noticed ; and it is 
 particularly recommended, that the student 
 should make himself acquainted with their mean- 
 
ADVERTISEMENT. V 
 
 ing, which he will find in almost every Latin 
 Grammar. 
 
 A mythological, historical, or geographical 
 account, has been affixed to every proper name ; 
 and this has been done either in reference to a 
 particular passage, or more fully, as the occa- 
 sion might seem to require. For obvious rea- 
 sons, however, the proper names have not been 
 always noticed, or only partially explained, when 
 they first occur; but the learner will readily find 
 them by referring to the Index. 
 
 A life of the poet has been prefixed, and also 
 an account of the principal Iioratian metres. In 
 the latter, it has been thought useful to point 
 out the nicer beauties of versification, more par- 
 ticularly in the Alcaic and Sapphic stanzas ; as 
 it is a general practice in schools, for the boys 
 who are competent to read Horace, to compose 
 verses in those metres. And when it is remem- 
 bered, that a verse of any kind may be written 
 in strict conformity with its general metrical 
 laws, and yet be wholly destitute of that ele- 
 gance, which can only be acquired by a care- 
 ful imitation of the great poets of antiquity, a 
 few remarks on this head cannot be unaccept- 
 able. 
 
 a3 
 
VI ADVERTISEMENT* 
 
 The edition which has been used as the basis 
 of the Clavis, is that of Gesner ; which may be 
 safely recommended as the most useful to be put 
 into the hands of scholars, in the higher classes 
 of schools. 
 
THE 
 
 LIFE OF HORACE. 
 
 Quintus Horatius Flaccus was a native of 
 Veniisium, a little town so situated on the bor- 
 ders of Apulia and Lucania, as to render it almost 
 doubtful to which country it belonged 1 . We 
 know nothing of his family, except what he him- 
 self has told us of his father, Flavius Flaccus ; 
 who was a freedman, in poor circumstances, but 
 honest, industrious, and well-informed 2 . He 
 was principally employed as a collector of taxes; 
 and Suetonius thinks, that he was by trade a 
 sausage-seller, supporting his conjecture by a 
 piece of vulgar abuse, which was usually levelled 
 at persons of that class, and with which Horace 
 was once attacked in the street 3 . Out of his 
 scanty means, however, he furnished his son 
 
 1 Lucanus, an Appulus, anceps.— B. 2. Sat. 1. ver. 34. 
 
 2 Book I. Sat. 6. ver. 45. 84. 
 
 3 Quoties ego vidi patrem tuiim cubito se emungentem ! 
 How often have I seen your father wiping his nose on his 
 sleeve ! 
 
 a4 
 
Vlll THE LIFE OF HORACE. 
 
 with a liberal education, placing him, at an early- 
 age, under the care of Orbilius, who was one of 
 the best, though severest, preceptors of his 
 time 4 . During his continuance under the tui- 
 tion of this person, his father constantly re- 
 mained at Rome, attending, with anxious care, 
 to the moral improvement of his mind 3 . Ho- 
 race pursued his studies with unwearied assi- 
 duity; so that, at the age of eighteen, his father 
 removed him from the care of Orbilius, and sent 
 him to Athens, at that time the grand emporium 
 of learning, to which the young men of Rome re- 
 paired, for the purpose of completing their stu- 
 dies 6 . It is pleasing to find the poet recurring 
 in after life to his early days, and remembering, 
 with grateful affection, the readiness with which 
 an indulgent father furnished him with the means 
 of laying the foundation of his future literary 
 fame 7 . 
 
 Whilst Horace was in Greece, Julius Cesar, 
 whose successes had left no means of farther 
 conquests abroad, had taken the government of 
 the empire into his own hands, and nothing short 
 of absolute dominion seemed likely to satisfy his 
 ambitious views. Alarmed for the liberty of their 
 country, Brutus, and several noble Romans. 
 
 * Book 2. Epist. 1. ver. 70. 
 
 5 Book 1. Sat. 6. ver. 81. 
 
 6 Book 2. Epist. 2. ver. 43. 
 
 7 Book 1. Sat. 6. passim. 
 
THE LIFE OF HORACE. IX 
 
 formed themselves into a body, and stabbed him 
 in the senate-house. Antony, however, shortly 
 raised a party in Rome, in the cause of his 
 murdered friend, and the conspirators were 
 obliged to fly from the Capitol. Brutus passed 
 through Athens, in his way to Macedonia, where 
 he succeeded in gaining many young Romans to 
 the side of liberty ; and, among the rest, Horace, 
 who had now completed his studies, formed an 
 intimate connexion with him, and readily ac- 
 cepted the post of tribune in the republican 
 army. The poet, however, was far better adapt- 
 ed for the study than the camp. At the battle 
 of Philippi his courage totally forsook him, and 
 he fled precipitately from the field, leaving his 
 shield behind him 8 . It is well known that the 
 fortune of the day favoured the opposite party ; 
 and the little property which Horace had re- 
 ceived from his father, fell into the hands of the 
 victors. 
 
 , Horace now returned hastily to Rome, intend- 
 ing to secure a maintenance by means of his 
 poetical talents 9 . Naturally fond of retirement, 
 he would have been satisfied to live in a com- 
 fortable sufficiency, enjoying the fruit of his 
 labours in rural quiet and repose. But genius, 
 such as his, could not long remain in obscurity. 
 His writings soon gained him the attention of 
 
 3 Lib. 2. Ode vii. ver. 10. 
 9 Book 2. Epist. 2. ver. 50. 
 
 a5 
 
X THE LIFE OF HORACE. 
 
 the poets Virgil and Varius, who introduced him 
 to the notice of Maecenas, at that time the chief 
 minister of Augustus, and a liberal patron of 
 learned men and letters. This introduction seems 
 only to have been the prelude to the greatest 
 intimacy between the poet and his illustrious 
 acquaintance, which was at last cemented into 
 the warmest friendship. 
 
 Anxious for the welfare of his new protege, 
 Maecenas took the earliest opportunity of intro- 
 ducing him to the notice of the emperor. Au- 
 gustus at once forgot that Horace had actively 
 supported the opposite party in the state, and 
 received him immediately into his favour and 
 protection. He not only restored to him the 
 property which had been forfeited by the event 
 of the battle of Philippi, but enriched him by 
 handsome and repeated presents, and frequently 
 invited him to join his circle of literary friends. 
 Here he met those noble ornaments of literature, 
 who, encouraged by the notice and favour of 
 Augustus, have affixed the name of their patron 
 to the proudest age of Roman learning. It must 
 indeed have been an intellectual feast, when 
 such kindred spirits as Horace, Ovid, Virgil, 
 and Varius, were of the party. Among all 
 these, however, Horace seems to have been the 
 distinguished favourite of the emperor. Either 
 by his easy good humour, his ready wit, or his 
 happy, but unpresuming, familiarity, he gained 
 imperceptibly upon the affection of his patron. 
 
THE LIFE OF HORACE. XI 
 
 His visits to the palace were not only welcome, 
 but desired ; and Augustus offered him the situ- 
 ation of his private secretary, for the express 
 purpose of having him always near him. His 
 love of retirement, and leisure for his literary 
 pursuits, led him to decline the office ; and the 
 emperor had the good sense and generosity not 
 to be offended at his refusal 10 . 
 
 In the year of Rome 722, the animosity between 
 Augustus and Antony, which had been for some 
 time repressed, partly by the marriage of Antony 
 with the niece of his rival, and partly by the me- 
 diation of mutual friends, again broke out with 
 renewed violence. All Rome was in an uproar, 
 and the whole empire was in arms to decide the 
 contest of ambition between the rival chiefs. 
 Augustus had fitted out a fleet consisting chiefly 
 of light Liburnian gallies, of which Maecenas had 
 the command; and the poet, whose friendship for 
 his patron had now settled into the most endear- 
 ing attachment, requested to accompany him. 
 Maecenas had most probably urged the poet's 
 unfitness for service, in order to persuade him to 
 remain behind ; but Horace assures him, in a 
 most affectionate Ode, written about this time, 
 that he should be more fearful for his friend's 
 safety in his absence, than for his own amid the 
 tumults of war u . 
 
 i° Sueton. in vita Hoi alii. 
 U Epode 1. 
 
 a6 
 
Xll THE LIFE OF HORACE* 
 
 Nor is this the only instance of his attach- 
 ment. In all his writings, he speaks of his 
 patron with the warmest affection. The Ode, 
 which was written during the last illness of Mae- 
 cenas, affords the most convincing proof of his 
 regard : and his attachment met with an abun- 
 dant requital from his friend. Among other 
 marks of esteem, which are to be found in the 
 remaining fragments of the writings of Maece- 
 nas, we have the following affectionate request, 
 in a letter to Augustus, dated from his palace 
 on the Esquiline Hill. Horati Flacci, ut me?, 
 esto memor 12 . Kind as the request is, however, 
 it does not appear that Augustus needed the so- 
 licitation. Horace was beloved by one, almost 
 as much as by the other. In addition to the 
 letter of Maecenas, which contains the offer of a 
 private secretaryship to the poet, Suetonius has 
 preserved others which contain the most unequi- 
 vocal expressions of regard. In one of these in 
 particular, he addresses himself to the poet in 
 language of the most kind and condescending 
 familiarity. " Septimius will inform you," he 
 writes, " of the place which you hold in my me- 
 mory, as I happened to mention you in his pre- 
 sence. Nor indeed, though you should proudly 
 reject my friendship, shall I repay you with like 
 disdain 13 ." 
 
 12 Sueton. in vita HcratiL 
 i3 Ibid. 
 
THE LIFE OF HORACE. X1U 
 
 Horace frequently retired from the noise and 
 bustle of the town, and the formalities of the 
 court, to his little Sabine estate, near Tarentum, 
 which had been given him by Maecenas. Here 
 he enjoyed the company of those accomplished 
 friends, whom he invited to partake of his rural 
 comforts, in some of the most elegant of his Odes. 
 Here he rambled in careless ease, admiring the 
 beauties of the country around him ; which he 
 has so feelingly described in various parts of his 
 writings. Here too it was, that he narrowly es- 
 caped from the fall of a tree, which had nearly 
 deprived Rome of her sweetest poet, and poste- 
 rity of the most noble lyric compositions of anti- 
 quity. As he advanced in age, he lived almost 
 entirely in this delightful spot, happy in the so- 
 ciety of his friends, and more particularly of 
 Maecenas, who frequently visited him in his 
 retirement. 
 
 In the year 745, the health of Maecenas began 
 visibly to decline, and he expressed his convic- 
 tion that his end was rapidly approaching. Ho- 
 race was deeply affected by his complaints; and, 
 in the most affectionate manner, entreated him 
 not to give way to such gloomy ideas, assuring 
 him, at the same time, that his own life would be 
 insupportable without the society of his friend 14f . 
 But the fears of Maecenas were too well founded. 
 
 14 Book 2. Ode xvii. 
 
Xiv THE LIFE OF HORACE. 
 
 A fever, under which he had almost continually 
 laboured from his earliest years, put an end to 
 his life early in November, A.U.C. 745, B.C. 6. 
 The shock was too severe for his affectionate 
 friend, who followed him in the short space of 
 three weeks. His malady increased with such 
 violence and rapidity, that he was rendered, by 
 weakness and exhaustion, incapable of signing 
 his will. With his last breath, however, he be- 
 queathed his little property to Augustus, and 
 died on the 27th of November, in the fifty-eighth 
 year of his age. His remains were deposited 
 near those of his friend Maecenas, in the Esqui- 
 line Hill, where a noble monument was erected 
 to his memory, by the Emperor. 
 
 Horace was a follower of the Epicurean philo- 
 sophy in his early days, but he seems afterwards 
 to have recanted, and adopted the principles of 
 the Stoics 15 . He was short in stature ; and, in 
 person, excessively corpulent 16 . Augustus, in 
 a letter preserved by Suetonius, pleasantly tells 
 him, that he was no bigger than a little volume, 
 probably of his poems, which he had sent him ; 
 but that what he wanted in height, he made up 
 for in bulk 1T . There is also a passage in Sui- 
 das, from which, if it refers to the poet, we may 
 collect that he was afflicted with a lameness, 
 
 15 Book 1. Ode xxxiv. 
 
 16 Book 2. Sat. 8. ver. 209. 
 
 17 Sueton. in vita Horatii. 
 
THE LIFE OF HORACE. XV 
 
 which prevented him from engaging in any ac- 
 tive employment 18 . He had also a continual 
 soreness in the eyes, which gave rise to a good- 
 humoured remark of the Emperor, who used to 
 say, as he sate between Horace and Virgil, the 
 latter of whom laboured under a kind of asth- 
 matic affection ; " Ego sum inter suspiria et lacry- 
 mas :" " I am between sighs and tears." This 
 little anecdote alone would be sufficient to de- 
 monstrate the intimacy which existed between 
 the poet and the prince. 
 
 Of all the writers of antiquity, there is none 
 who is more frequently read, and more generally 
 admired, than Horace. Quinctilian says, that 
 he is the only lyric poet worth reading *9. And 
 the simple fact of his desiring him to write the 
 Carmen Saculare, is a sufficient proof that Au- 
 gustus considered him the greatest poet of his 
 time. Nor is he less esteemed in modern days. 
 He is the most familiar poet in all our schools, 
 and is read with almost equal delight by the 
 master and the scholar. Horace himself rested 
 his hopes of immortality chiefly upon his Odes 20 . 
 Indeed they may be considered as almost fault* 
 less models of lyric composition. These are the 1 
 monumentum are perennius, which he has raised 
 
 J 8 Suidas in voce 'Opanbg. 
 
 19 Institut. Orator. X. 1. 96. 
 
 20 Book 1. Ode i. ver. 35 ; Book 4. Ode ix. et alibi pas- 
 sim. 
 
XVI 
 
 THE LIFE OF HORACE. 
 
 for himself, and which prove him to be the 
 greatest, as *well as the first, lyric poet, which 
 Rome ever produced. With the sweetest har- 
 mony of numbers, and the greatest purity of ex- 
 pression, he has inculcated the strictest mora- 
 lity, exhibited the sincerest friendship, and 
 elicited the finest feelings of the human breast. 
 In short, we may fairly say of him, in the words 
 of Persius 21 : 
 
 Omne vafer vitium ridenti Flaccus aniico 
 Tangit ; et admissus circura praecordia ludit, 
 Callidus excusso popuhun suspendere naso. 
 
 It may not be unacceptable to subjoin the 
 chronology of Horace's works, as settled by Dr. 
 Bentley. 
 
 WORKS. 
 
 Satires, Book 1 
 
 , Book 2 
 
 Epodes 
 Odes, Book 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 Epistles, Book 1 
 Odes, Book 4, ) 
 andCarm.Sec. $ 
 
 B.C. 
 
 Horace's j 
 
 AGE. 
 
 26. 27. 28. 38. 37. 36. 
 31. 32. 33.133. 32. 31. 
 
 34. 35. 
 
 36. 37. 38. 
 
 40. 41. 
 
 42. 43. 
 
 46. 47. 
 
 49. 50. 51. 
 
 30. 29. 
 28. 27. 26. 
 24. 23. 
 22. 21. 
 18. 17. 
 
 15. 14. 13. 
 
 A. U. C. 
 
 714. 
 718. 
 721. 
 723. 
 727. 
 729. 
 733. 
 
 5. 6. 
 
 9. 20. 
 
 22. 
 
 4. 5, 
 
 8. 
 
 30. 
 
 4. 
 
 r3G. 7. 8. 
 
 The second book of Epistles, and the book 
 De Arte Poetica, were written afterwards, but 
 their dates are uncertain. 
 
 2i Pers. Sat. 1. 116. 
 
REMARKS 
 
 METRES OF HORACE. 
 
 In treating of the Horatian metres, it will be unne- 
 cessary to repeat the general rules of Latin prosody, 
 which are to be found in every Grammar ; but there are 
 a few terms, of which it is proper to give an explana- 
 tion. The student will observe, therefore, that 
 
 1. A verse which is in every respect complete, and 
 neither deficient or redundant in any of its feet, is called 
 Acatalectic, (Acat.) 
 
 %. A verse, wanting one syllable at the end, is called 
 Catalectic. (Cat. J 
 
 3. A verse, with two syllables deficient, is called 
 Br achy catalectic. (Brack.) 
 
 4. The term Asynartetus, (dawdpriiTog, unconnected,) 
 is applied to verses which contain two distinct species 
 of metre united in the same line. 
 
 5. In Iambics and Trochaics, two feet constitute a 
 metre ; in the other Horatian verses, a foot and metre 
 are synonymous. 
 
XV111 REMARKS ON THE 
 
 6. The terms Dimeter, Trimeter, &c. are applied to 
 verses consisting of two and three, &c. metres respec- 
 tively. 
 
 The only feet which are employed by Horace, 
 throughout his Odes, are the following : 
 
 Dactyl - w w Iambus v " Choriambus " w w " 
 Spondee " " Trochee " w Ionic a minore w w - - 
 
 Horace himself tells us, that he has adapted the lyric 
 
 poetry of the Greeks to the genius of the Latin muse : 
 
 Princeps (Eolium carmen ad Italos 
 Deduxisse modos.— B. 3. O. xxx. v. 13* 
 
 The licences, however, which are admissible, and 
 which may indeed be looked upon as beauties, in the 
 full and flowing metres of Sappho, Alcaeus, and Archi- 
 lochus, from whom the metres of Horace are chiefly 
 derived, would have been harsh and disagreeable in 
 the more majestic, but less poetical, language of Rome. 
 This will readily be allowed by any one, who compares 
 the poems of Catullus and of Horace, the former of 
 whom has not scrupled to adopt the several liberties in 
 which the Greeks indulged. The model, therefore, 
 which should be followed by every writer of lyric verse, 
 is undoubtedly the latter ; and it is the chief object of 
 these remarks to point out some of the more latent beau- 
 ties of theHoratian metres, more particularly the Alcaic 
 and Sapphic, for the use of young students, who are 
 beginning to compose them. To begin, then, with 
 
METRES OF HORACE. XIX 
 
 I. Alcaics. 
 
 One fourth part of the Odes of Horace are written in 
 this metre, which derives its name from the poetAlcaeus, 
 who invented it. The stanza is composed of four lines, 
 of which the two first are similar, consisting of a Spon- 
 dee or an Iambus, an Iambus and a Caesural long syl- 
 lable, followed by two Dactyls ; the third line is a 
 Trochaic, Dim. Acat. with a syllable prefixed; and 
 the fourth consists of two Dactyls, followed by a dou- 
 ble Trochee. The following is the scale of scansion : 
 
 
 Observation 1. Although the Iambus is allowable in 
 the first foot of the two first lines, it is to be used very 
 sparingly. The instances of the licence in Horace are 
 very rare. Its admission in the first foot of the third 
 line, should be studiously avoided : there are not twelve 
 instances of its adoption in all the Odes, and only two 
 in the third and fourth books, of which the metre is by 
 far the most studied and perfect. 
 
 Obs. 2. In the two first lines, the Caesural pause 
 should always take place at the end of a word. In the 
 very few exceptions which occur in Horace, the pause 
 
XX REMARKS ON THE 
 
 generally falls upon a compound word, as in book 1. 
 Ode xxxvii. ver. 5. 
 
 Antehac | faefas | de | promere C as cub urn ; 
 in which the line may be read as if the verb and pre- 
 position were separated. 
 
 Obs. 3. Upon the construction of the third line, the 
 beauty of the stanza in a great measure depends. The 
 more general form in Horace is, as book 1 . Ode ix. 
 
 ver. 7. 
 
 Deprome quadrimum Sabina; 
 
 though in the third and fourth books, the form which 
 
 comparatively prevails is, as book 3. Ode iii. ver. 7. 
 
 Si fractus illabatur orbis. 
 
 Obs. 4. A Quadrisyllable, or Quintisy liable, should 
 never be admitted in the beginning of the third line, 
 unless followed by a Monosyllable, and even then it is 
 better avoided. 
 
 Obs. 5. The last syllable in this line is almost in* 
 variably long. In fact, the four lines which form the 
 stanza, may be considered as one continued verse ; so 
 that, although the final syllables are in some measure 
 common, the licence should be admitted with caution. 
 Above all, an hiatus of a short vowel at the end of any 
 line, the next line beginning with a short vowel, is ex- 
 tremely harsh and disagreeable. 
 
 Obs. 6. This line should never end with two dis- 
 syllables. 
 
METRES OF HORACE. XXi 
 
 Obs. 7. In the fourth line, the dactylic measure 
 should, if possible, be connected with the double tro- 
 chee. 
 
 Obs. 8. The greater part of Horace's lines begin 
 
 with a quadrisyllable ; so that the most common forms 
 
 are: 
 
 Impavidum ferient ruinse. — B. 3. O. iii. v. 8. 
 Virginibus puerisque canto.— B. 3. O. i. v. 4. 
 
 the pause falling upon the first or second syllable of 
 the double trochee. 
 
 Obs. 9. Elisions sometimes, though rarely, occur at 
 the pause of the two first lines, and at the close of the 
 third ; but they are altogether inadmissible at the end 
 of any other line. Thus, 
 
 Quo Styx, et invi — si horrida Taenari. 
 
 B. 1. O. xxxiv. v. 10, 
 
 Sors exitura, et nos in aeternum 
 Exilium impositura cymbae. 
 
 Obs. 10. The concluding word of a line should not 
 be a conjunction, which in sense belongs to the next 
 line. A few such lines indeed may be found in Ho- 
 race, but they are not to be imitated by the young verse 
 writer, who should always be on his guard against ad- 
 mitting licences, which will rather grow upon him, than 
 decrease with his practice. 
 
 Scandunt eodem quo dominus ; neque 
 
 Decedit aerata triremi, et 
 
 Post equitem scdet atra cura, — B. 3. O. i. v. 38. 
 
XXii REMARKS ON THE 
 
 II. Sapphics. 
 
 There is not a more convincing proof of the strict 
 attention which Horace paid to the genius of the Latin 
 language, in his adoption of the metres of the Greeks, 
 than the Sapphic stanza. The poems of its inventress 
 admit a trochee, or spondee, indifferently in the second 
 foot of the three first lines ; and there is no necessary 
 connexion between each successive foot. Horace, how- 
 ever, has confined himself most scrupulously to the 
 spondee, and the closest connexion is preserved through- 
 out the line. His Sapphics, therefore, consist of a tro- 
 chee, a spondee, and a dactyl, followed by a double 
 trochee, in the three first lines, which are succeeded by 
 an Adonic, consisting of a dactyl and a spondee. 
 
 Scale of Scansion, 
 
 -~\--\-"\-~\--° 
 -M ! "-r-":-i r ■•*"'■' 
 
 ■ «v l ■ S 
 
 Obs. 1. The Ccesura in the three first lines invaria- 
 bly falls upon the first or second syllable of the dactyl. 
 
 Obs. 2. When the first syllable of the dactyl is a 
 monosyllable, it is always preceded by another mono- 
 syllable ; and thus the two may be read as one dis- 
 syllable. 
 
METRES OF HORACE. XX1U 
 
 Obs. 3, The two first lines must always end with a 
 word ; and the conjunction of the third line with the 
 Adonic, though sometimes allowable, must never take 
 place after the first syllable of the word. Thus, 
 
 Grosphe, non gemmis, neque purpura, ve- 
 il ale, nee auro. B. 2. O. xvi. v. 7. 
 
 Obs, 4. An Elision is allowed, but sparingly, at the 
 end of the third line only : thus, book 1. Ode ii. 
 ver, 19. 
 
 Labitur ripa, Jove- non probante, ux- 
 
 orius aranis. 
 
 Obs. 5. Horace has one instance (book 4. Ode xi. 
 ver. 4.) in the whole four books of Odes, of the Adonic 
 being disjoined from the stanza to which, in sense, it 
 belongs ; but this should be carefully avoided. 
 
 III. The Short Asclepiad 
 Consists of two choriambi between a spondee and an 
 iambus, 
 
 Scansion, 
 
 Obs. 1 . The verse is regularly divided into two dis- 
 tinct portions, at the close of the first choriambus, 
 which should invariably end with a word, Thus, book 
 1. Ode i. ver. 1. 
 
 Maecenas atavis || edite regibus. 
 
XXIV REMARKS ON THE 
 
 Obs. 2. An hiatus of a short vowel at the end of a 
 line, before a commencing short vowel in the succeed- 
 ing line, cannot be allowed. Indeed there is scarcely 
 an instance in Horace where the last syllable is not 
 long. 
 
 IV. The Long Asclepiad 
 
 Is formed by the insertion of another intermediate cho- 
 riambus between the two portions of the short ascle- 
 piad. The scansion, therefore, is as follows : 
 
 __ ( , j r _ 
 
 Obs. 1. As the short asclepiad is divided into two 
 portions, so the long is divided into three, at the close 
 of the two first choriambi. 
 
 Obs. 2. Each of these portions should invariably 
 end with a word ; as book 1 . Ode xi. ver. 1 . 
 
 Tu ne | qusesieris j scire nefas | quem mihi quem J tibi. 
 
 Obs. 3. The last syllable of each line is not com- 
 mon. 
 
 Glyconian. 
 
 Of a similar nature with the two last, is the species 
 of verse called Glyconian. It consists of a single cho- 
 riambus between an initial spondee and a concluding 
 iambus ; and may be derived from the short Asclepiad t 
 by removing the first choriambus. It is scanned thus ; 
 
METRES OF HORACE. XXV 
 
 Obs. 1. This metre is never used by Horace, unless 
 combined in some way with the short Asclepiad. 
 
 Obs. 2. The last syllable is not common, unless at 
 the end of a stanza or distich. 
 
 Obs. 3. Horace strictly adheres to the spondee in 
 the first seat ; Catullus, and the Greek poets, do not. 
 Thus, book 1. Ode iii. ver. 1. 
 
 Sic te J Diva potens | Cyprl. 
 
 This is another instance of the care with which Ho- 
 race studied the genius of the Latin language. 
 
 Horace has not always used the different species of 
 metre separately, but more frequently employs them in 
 connexion with each other. Thus we have the short 
 Asclepiad subjoined to the Glyconian. 
 
 Obs. Here the last syllable of the Asclepiad, being 
 the conclusion of the distich, is common. Thus, book 
 1. Ode iii. ver. 1. 
 
 Sic te Diva potens Cypri, 
 
 Sic fratres Helenae, lucida sidera. 
 
 VI. 
 
 Again, the Glyconian is subjoined to three short As- 
 elepiads. 
 
 Obs. Here the final syllable of the Glyconian is 
 common. 
 
 b 
 
xxvi remarks on the 
 
 Pherecratian. 
 The Pherecratian verse, so called from its inventor 
 Pherecrates, consists of a dactyl between two spondees. 
 
 Scansion, 
 
 It is never used except 
 
 VII. 
 between two short Asclepiads and a Glyconian. 
 
 Obs. The last syllable of the Pherecratian is inva- 
 riably long. 
 
 Iambics. 
 
 The different species of Iambic verse, which Horace 
 has employed, are the Trimeter Acatalectic, pure and 
 impure ; the Trimeter Catalectic; and the Dimeter Aca- 
 talectic. 
 
 The pure Trim. Acat. consists of six iambic feet, 
 without any licence whatever, except that the final syl- 
 lable is common* Thus : 
 
 VIII. 
 
 Horace only uses the pure Iambic Trimeter once with 
 a Dactylic Hexameter prefixed. 
 
 IX. 
 
 A system of impure Iambic Trimeters may be con- 
 structed according to the following scale : 
 
METRES OF HORACE. 
 
 XXVI 1 
 
 Obs. 1. The line increases in purity towards the 
 end. 
 
 Obs. 2. The dactyl, which is admitted freely in the 
 first place, is to be used sparingly in the third. 
 
 Obs. 3. In the even places an iambus should always 
 be used, if possible ; in the last it is absolutely neces- 
 sary. 
 
 The Trim. C dialectic is subject to the same laws as 
 the preceding. 
 
 Obs. 1. The catalectic syllable is common. 
 
 Obs. 2. In the Odes in which Horace has employed 
 this metre, the fifth foot is always an iambus. 
 
 The Iambic Dim. AcaU may be considered as a tri- 
 meter with the first metre removed. 
 
 An Iambic Dim. A cat. is sometimes subjoined to an 
 Iambic Trim, A cat. And, 
 
 XI. 
 
 sometimes to a Dactylic Hexameter. 
 
 The Trochaic Dim. Cat. 
 
 is another metre used by Horace, who admits no other 
 
 b2 
 
XXV111 REMARKS ON THE 
 
 foot whatever, but the trochee. The scansion, there- 
 fore, is as follows : 
 
 p ■*:]:!(* 
 
 the last syllable being common. 
 It is employed only once, and then 
 
 XII. 
 
 prefixed to an Iambic Trim. Cat. 
 
 The Dactylic Tetrameter 
 may be described as consisting of the four last feet of 
 the common hexameter. It generally, like that verse, 
 concludes with a dactyl and spondee ; but invariably, 
 in Horace, with a spondee in the last place. It is sub- 
 joined to 
 
 XIII. 
 a common hexameter. 
 
 XIV. 
 
 The Dactylic Penthemimer, 
 Consisting of two dactyls and a long syllable, is also 
 subjoined to a common hexameter. 
 
 XV. 
 
 Ionic a Minore. 
 This measure, which Horace has used only once 
 throughout all his Odes, has given rise to more discus- 
 sion, and with less satisfaction, than all the other metres 
 together. And, after all, the point at issue seems to be 
 
METRES OF HORACE. XXIX 
 
 one of very trifling importance. The Ode in question 
 consists of exactly forty minor Ionic feet, without the 
 admission of any licence whatever; so that, whether 
 disposed into ten tetrameters, with Gesner ; or into any 
 other stanza, of which there are various, for scarcely 
 two editions print the Ode alike — the metre is still pure 
 Ionic a minore. Bentley offers to lay any wager, that 
 the Ode should be divided into four stanzas, each con- 
 sisting of three lines, of which the two first are tetra- 
 meters, and the third dimeter. Thus, 
 
 Miserarum est, neque amori dare ludum, neque dulci 
 Mala vino lavere; aut exaDimari metuentes 
 Patriae verbera linguae.— B. 3. O. xii. v. 1. 
 
 And, perhaps, though it would be difficult to assign 
 
 a reason for the preference, this arrangement is the 
 
 best. 
 
 Scansion, 
 
 XVI. 
 
 Another of Horace's metres is composed of two lines 
 of a somewhat singular character. The first is called 
 Logocedic, and consists of a dactyl and a double trochee, 
 the last syllable being common. The last is a species 
 of Asynartetus, the first portion of which consists of a 
 b3 
 
XXX REMARKS ON THE 
 
 trochee, a spondee, and a choriambus : the last is a re- 
 petition of the first line. The scansion is as follows : 
 
 Obs. The first portion of the second line should al- 
 ways conclude with a trisyllable : thus, 
 
 Te deos oro Sybarin |J cur properas amando. 
 
 B. 1. O. viii.v. 2. 
 
 The Archillochian Heptameter 
 
 Is also a species of Asynartetus, of which the first por- 
 tion is a dactylic Tetrameter, and the last an I thy phallic, 
 or trochaic dimeter brack. It is thus scanned : 
 
 It is prefixed to an 
 
 XVII. 
 Iambic Trimeter Catalectic. 
 
 Obs. 1 . As the Tetrameter, when alone, always ends 
 in a spondee ; so, in this metre, it never ends but with a 
 dactyl. 
 
 Obs. 2. The trochaic admits no licence, except that 
 the last syllable is common. 
 
 There are two remaining species of versus Asynar- 
 teti, used by Horace, each composed of a dactylic pen- 
 
METRES OF HORACE. XXXI 
 
 themimer, and an iambic dim. acat ; but in an inverted 
 order. The first, as, 
 
 Scribere versiculos |] amore perculsum gravi. 
 
 Epode xi. ver. 2. 
 The other, as, 
 
 Nivesque deducunt Jovem || nunc mare, nunc siluae. 
 
 Epode xiii. ver. 2. 
 
 Obs. Not only the last syllable of the line, but the 
 last syllable of each portion, is common; but this should 
 certainly be avoided, as the hiatus is somewhat dis- 
 agreeable, and has caused some critics to read the two 
 portions as distinct lines. 
 
 XVIII. 
 
 The first of these is subjoined to an Iambic Trimeter 
 Acatalectic ; and, 
 
 XIX. 
 The other to a common hexameter. 
 
 Having thus explained the nature of the nineteen 
 different metres employed by Horace, it may not be 
 unacceptable to notice a few apparent deviations from 
 the strict laws of Prosody, which occur in the Odes. 
 
 1. (Book 2. Ode xiii. ver. 16.) In timet the last 
 syllable, which is properly short, is lengthened by the 
 caesura. 
 
XXXii REMARKS, &C. 
 
 2. (Book 3. Ode iv. ver. 9.) The quantity of all 
 the syllables in Apulia are short ; but in this line, the 
 first, and in ver. 10, the second, is lengthened for the 
 sake of the metre. 
 
 3. (Book 5. Ode iv. ver. 41.) Consilium is to be 
 pronounced consilium ; thus making the word a trisyl- 
 lable, with the penultima long. 
 
 4. (Book 3. Ode v. ver. 17.) The last syllable of 
 periret is lengthened by the ccesura, 
 
 5. (Books. Ode vi. ver. 6.) Prmcipium is to be 
 pronounced principjum. 
 
 6. (Book 3. Ode xii. ver. 7.) The final syllable in 
 Bellerophonte, is long ; being, in fact, the dative of the 
 Greek Bellerophontes. 
 
 7. (Book 3. Ode xxiv. ver. 5.) The last syllable 
 in jigit, is lengthened by the ccesura. 
 
INDEX TO THE ODES. 
 
 N. B, — The Roman Numeral refers to the species of metre, as 
 described in the Remarks. 
 
 J£\i, vetusto, i. 3. 17. 
 iEquam memento, i. 2. 3. 
 Albi, ne doleas, vi. 1. 33. 
 Altera jam teritur, viii. 
 
 Epode xvi. 
 Angustam amici, i. 3. 2. 
 At o Deorum, x. Epode v. 
 Audivere, Lyce, vii. 4. 13. 
 
 Delicta majorum, i. 3. 6. 
 Descende coslo, i. 3. 4. 
 Dianam tenerae, vii. 1. 27. 
 Diffugere nives, xiv. 4. 7. 
 Dive, quern proles, ii. 4. 6. 
 Divis orte bonis, vi. 4. 5. 
 Donarem pateras, Hi. 4. 8. 
 Donee gratus, v. 3. 9. 
 
 B 
 
 Bacchum in remotis, i. 19. 
 
 2. 
 Beatus Hie, x. Epode ii. 
 
 Coelo supinas, i. 3. 23. 
 Coslo tonantem, i. 3. 5. 
 Cum tu, Lydia, v. 1. 13. 
 Cor me querelis, i. 2. 17. 
 
 E 
 
 Eheu ! fugaces, i. 2. 14. 
 Est mini nonum, ii. 4. 11. 
 Et Thure et fidibus, v. 1. 36. 
 Exegi monumentum, iii. 3. 
 
 30. 
 Extremum Tanain, vi. 3. 10. 
 
 Faune, Nympharum, ii. 3. 
 18. 
 
XXXIV 
 
 INDEX TO THE ODES. 
 
 Festo quid potius, v. 3. 28. 
 
 Herculis ritu, ii. 3. 14. 
 Horrid a tempestas, xix. 
 Epode xiii. 
 
 Ibis Liburnis, x. Epode i. 
 Icci beatis, i. 1. 29. 
 Ille et nefasto, i. 2. 13. 
 Impios parra, ii. 3.27. 
 Inclusam Danaen, vi. 3. 16. 
 lutactis opulentior, v. 3. 24. 
 Integer vitae, ii. 1. 22. 
 Intermissa, Venus, v. 4. 1. 
 
 Jamjam efficaci, ix. Epode 
 
 xvii. 
 Jam pauca aratro, i. 2. 15. 
 Jam satis terris, ii. 1. 2. 
 Jam veris comites, vi. 4. 12. 
 Justum et tenacem, i. 3. 3. 
 
 M 
 
 Maecenas atavis, iii. 1. I. 
 Mala soluta, x. Epode x. 
 Martiis coelebs, ii. 3. 8. 
 Mater saeva, v. 1. 19. 
 Mercuri, facunde, ii. 1. 10. 
 Mercuri, nam te, ii. 3, 11. 
 Miserarum est, xv. 3. 12. 
 Mollis inertia, xiv. Epode 
 
 xiv. 
 Montium custos, ii. 3. 22. 
 Motum exMetello, i. 2. 1. 
 Musis amicus, i. 1. 26. 
 
 N 
 
 Natis in usum, i. 1. 27. 
 Ne forte credas, i. 4. 9. 
 Ne sit ancillae, ii. 2. 4. 
 Nolis longa ferae, vi. 2. 12. 
 Nondum subacta, i. 2. 5. 
 Non ebur, xii. 2. 18. 
 Non semper imbres, i. 2. 9. 
 Non usitata, i. 2. 20. 
 Non vides quanto, ii. 3. 20. 
 Nox erat, xi. Epode xv. 
 Nullam, Vare, sacra, iv. 1. 
 
 18. 
 Nullus Argento, ii. 2. 2. 
 Nunc est bibendum, i. 1 . 37. 
 
 Laudabunt alii, xiii. 1. 7. 
 Lupis et agnis,x. Epode iv. 
 Lydia, die, xvi. 1. 8. 
 
 O crudelis adhuc, iv. 4. 10. 
 
INDEX TO THE ODES. 
 
 XXXV 
 
 O Diva gratum, i. 1. 35. 
 O fons Bandusiae, vii. 3. 13. 
 O matre pulchra, i. 1. 16. 
 O nata niecum, i. 3. 21. 
 O navis referent, vii. 1. 14. 
 O ssepe mecuin, i. 2. 7. 
 O Venus, regina, ii. 1. 30. 
 Odi profanum, i. 3. I. 
 Otium Divos, ii. 2. 16. 
 
 Quern virura, ii. 1. 12. 
 Quid bellicosus, i. 2. 11. 
 Quid dedicatum, i. 1. 31. 
 Quid fles, /Vsterie, vii. 3. 7. 
 Quid immerentes, x. Epod. 
 
 vi. 
 Quid desiderio, vi. 1. 34. 
 Quis multa gracilis, vii. 1. 5. 
 Quo me, Bacche, v. 3. 25. 
 Quo, quo, scelesti, x. Epod. 
 
 vii. 
 
 Parcius junctas, ii. 1. 25. 
 Parous Deorum, i. 1. 34. 
 Parentis olim, x. Epode iii. 
 Pastor cum, vi. 1. 15. 
 Persicos odi, ii. 1.38. 
 Petti, nihil me, xviii. Epod. 
 
 xi. 
 Phoebe, silvarum, ii. C. S. 
 Phoebus volentem, i. 4. 15. 
 Pindarum quisquis, ii. 4. 2. 
 Poscimur. Siquid, ii. 1. 32. 
 
 Rectius vives, ii. 2. 10. 
 
 Scriberis Vario, vi. 1. 6. 
 Septimi, Gades, ii. 2. 6. 
 Sic teDiva, v. 1. 3. 
 Solvitur acris hyems, xvii. 
 1.4. 
 
 Q 
 
 Quae cura Patrum, i. 4. 14. 
 Qualem ministrum, i. 4. 4. 
 Quandp repostum, x. Epod. 
 
 ix. 
 Quantum distet, v. 3. 19. 
 Quem tu, Melpomene, v. 
 
 4.3. 
 
 Te maris, xii. I. 28. 
 
 Tu ne quaesieris, iv. 1. 11. 
 
 Tyrrhena regum, i. 3. 29. 
 
 U 
 
 Ulla si juris, ii. 1.28. 
 Uxor pauperis, v. 3. 15. 
 
XXXVI INDEX TO THE ODES. 
 
 V Vile potabis, ii. 1. 20. 
 
 . „ ■■ Vitas hinnuleo, vii. 1.23. 
 
 Velox ainoenum, i. 1. 17. __. . „. . 
 _■ , A . ' Vixi puellis, l. 3. 26. 
 
 Videsutalta, 1.1.9. r 
 
CLAVIS HORATIANA; 
 
 OR, A 
 
 » 
 
 H*g to tf)e ©tea of $)0ViUr , 
 
 BOOK I. 
 ODE I. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 1. MAECENAS.— C. Cilnius Mcecenas ; a celebrated 
 Roman knight, descended from the ancient kings 
 of Etruria. He has immortalized his name by his 
 liberal patronage of learned men and letters. He 
 was, himself, fond of literature, and the author of 
 many treatises, besides two tragedies, and a life 
 of Augustus, all now lost. He preferred being a 
 Roman knight, to all the dignities or honours 
 which could be bestowed upon him by Augustus. 
 He was a munificent patron of Horace and Virgil, 
 and those highly distinguished poets were not 
 behind in sentiments of gratitude. Virgil dedi- 
 cated his Georgics to him, with a compliment not 
 unlike that contained in the second line of this 
 Ode: 
 
 O decus, O famae merito pars maxima nostrae 
 Maecenas. 
 
2 CLAVIS HORAT1ANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 Many of the Odes of Horace are addressed to him ; 
 not to mention that, as his writings have come down 
 to us, the first of his Odes, Satires, and Epistles 
 are inscribed to him, and serve as dedications of 
 the several parts of his works. 
 
 Maecenas died eight years before the. birth of 
 Christ, and Horace survived him, only three 
 weeks, ordering his bones to be buried near those 
 of his friend. Some have been induced by this to 
 believe that the death of the poet was violent, and 
 the seventeenth Ode of the second Book seems, in 
 some measure, to sanction this opinion. But this 
 is merely conjecture, and we are not therefore to 
 receive as a fact, a circumstance which is only de- 
 duced from the known sincerity of the Poet's friend- 
 ship, and the warmth of his heart. 
 
 atavis. — Atavus, i, m ; an ancestor, a forefather ; 
 atavis is here put in apposition with regibus ; (from 
 kings, your ancestors J i. e. the kings ofEtruria. — 
 See preceding note. 
 
 edite. Editus, part, (from edo) sprung, descended. 
 voc. case. 
 
 2. presidium. — Prsesidium, ii, n ; a safeguard, a guar- 
 
 dian ; (because Maecenas was his patron.) 
 
 3. curriculo. — Curriculum, i, n. This is here put for 
 
 the race course, or the lists; and not for, a chariot, 
 or car, as some imagine. 
 
 4. meta. Meta, ae, f. properly, a pillar in the form of 
 
 a cone, at the end of the place of racing, round 
 which the chariots were to turn, as carceres were 
 the places of starting ; a goal. 
 
 5. rotis. Rota, ae, f. a wheel. 
 
 2 
 
BOOK I. ODE I. 3 
 
 VERSE 
 
 6. Terrarumdominos. The lords of the earth, i. e. men. 
 
 7. Hunc. Supply juvat (it delights) from v. 4. supra. 
 mobilium. Mobilis, e, adj. Inconstant, variable, 
 
 easily moved, fickle. 
 Quiritium. Quirites, ium, m. pi. The Roman 
 people. 
 
 8. Tergeminis. Tergemmus, a. um, adj. threefold, triple. 
 
 It is here used for any indefinite number. Hence 
 tergeminis tollere honoribus, signifies, to exalt with 
 the highest honours. 
 
 9. horreo. Horreum, i, n. A barn, a granary, a corn 
 
 or store house, a warehouse, a repository. 
 
 10. Libycis. Libycus, a, um, adj. Of, or belonging, 
 
 to Libya. Libya is a name given to Africa. 
 verritur. Verro, ere, ri, sum, act. To sweep, to 
 
 collect. 
 areis. Area, ae, f. a threshing floor, a barn floor ; 
 
 also, a field or plain, a corn field. 
 
 1 1 . Jindere. Findo, ere, fidi, fissum, act. To cleave, 
 
 to separate, to dig with a spade. 
 sarculo. Sarculum, i, n. and Sarculus, i. m. Pro- 
 perly, a hoe, or weeding hook ; also, a spade. 
 
 12. Attdlicis conditionibus. By the state, condition, or 
 
 wealth of Attalus, who was the third, and richest, 
 king of Pergamus : hence, by the greatest 
 riches. 
 
 13. trabe Cjjprid ; in a Cyprian vessel : i. e. in a vessel 
 
 laden with Cyprian merchandize. Cyprus is an 
 Island in that part of the Mediterranean Sea, 
 called the Levant. It was celebrated as the 
 birth-place of Venus, who had a temple there. 
 Trabs, bis. f. A beam ; also, (as here) a ship. 
 B 2 
 
4 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 14. Myrtoum. Myrtoum mare, a part of the Egean 
 
 sea. Any sea. 
 
 15. Icarus fluctibus. The Icarian, is also a part of 
 
 the Egean sea ; so called, from the fate of Icarus, 
 the son of Dcedalus. 
 Africum. Africus, a. um. adj. (subaud. ventus.) 
 The south-west wind blowing from Africa, which 
 was excessively rough and boisterous in the 
 winter. 
 
 16. Otium et oppidi, $c. A Hendiadys ; the rural 
 
 quiet of his village. 
 
 1 7. reficit. Reficio, ere, feci, fectum ; to repair, amend, 
 
 or renew, to refit. 
 
 18. quassas. Quassus, part, (from quatio, act.) Wea- 
 
 ther-beaten, shattered. 
 
 19. Massici. Massicus, a mountain in Campania, near 
 
 Minturnce, famous for its wine. 
 
 20. solido. solidus, a. um. adj. Solid, firm ; hence, 
 
 whole, entire. 
 demere. Demo, ere, psi, ptum ; act. To shorten, 
 to take away, to diminish, or abridge. 
 
 22. Stratus, part, (from Sterno, ere, stravi, stratum, 
 
 act.) Laid along. 
 
 23. lituo. Litwus, i, m. A crooked trumpet, for the 
 
 horse ; a clarion ; as the straight one was for the 
 foot soldiers. 
 
 25. Jove. Jupiter, Jovis ; m. Jupiter, the most pow- 
 erful of the Pagan Deities. But it is here used, 
 by Metonomy, as frequently with the poets, to 
 signify the air. 
 
 28. Marsus. The Marsi, a people of Germany, who 
 afterwards settled near the lake Fucinus, in Italy, 
 in a country abounding with wild boars. 
 
BOOK I. ODE I. 5 
 
 VERSE 
 
 teretes. Teres, etis, adj. Long and round, taper, 
 
 compact. 
 plagas. plaga, ae. f. a toil, or net. 
 29. hederce, Hedera, ae, f. Ivy ; a crown or garland 
 
 of Ivy. 
 
 31. Nympharum cum Satyris. The nymphs were 
 
 female deities of several kinds, presiding over 
 the various parts of the universe. Horace per- 
 haps means the Oreades, or mountain nymphs, 
 as he joins them with the Satyrs, who were rural 
 deities, with the horns, ears, legs and feet of a 
 goat, and the rest of the body human. We always 
 find them in the company of the poets, and they 
 were considered by the Antients to possess uni- 
 versal knowledge. 
 
 32. secernunt. Secerno, ere, crevi, etum, act. To se- 
 
 parate, to remove, to distinguish. 
 
 33. Euterpe, Polyhymnia. Two of the Nine Muses ; 
 
 of whom the first was the inventress of the flute, 
 and the other of harmony. 
 
 34. Lesboum. Lesbos, an island in the iEgean sea, 
 
 famous as the birth-place of Alceus and Sappho. 
 From the skill which the inhabitants, and more 
 particularly the celebrated poets above men- 
 tioned, displayed in music, musical instruments 
 were frequently called Lesbian, It was also fa- 
 mous for its wine. See Ode xvii. — v. 21. 
 barbiton. Barbiton, i, neut. An ivory seven- 
 chorded lyre ; a lute, or some other stringed 
 instrument. 
 
 35. vatibus. vates, is c. g. A prophet, or poet. 
 
 b 3 
 
CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 ODE II. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 2. PATER. The Father, viz. Jupiter. Pater, tris. m, 
 
 3. Jaculatus, (part.) Jaculor, ari, dep. To hurl, to 
 
 throw out, to shoot, or dart at. 
 
 6. seculum Pyrrhce. i. e. The Deluge ; from the de- 
 
 struction of which Pyrrha alone, with her hus- 
 band Deucalion, escaped in a boat. They repaired 
 the loss of mankind, by casting stones behind 
 them ; those which were thrown by Pyrrha be- 
 coming women, and those by Deucalion, men. 
 qu6stce. Questus, part. — (from Queror, questus sum ; 
 dep.) To complain, lament, bewail, to cry, or 
 moan. 
 
 7. Proteus. A sea-deity, son of Oceanus and Thetys, 
 
 famed for his knowledge of futurity. Ovid calls 
 him ambiguus, in allusion to an extraordinary pro- 
 perty which he possessed, of assuming whatever 
 shape he pleased. 
 pecus. Pecus, oris, n. cattle. Here it signifies sea- 
 monsters, of which Proteus was supposed to have 
 the care. 
 egit. ago, ere, egi, actum, act. properly, to drive. 
 But this verb has various senses. 
 9. hcesit. Haereo, ere, si, sum, neut. To adhere, stick 
 to, remain. 
 
 12. damce. Dama, ae, c. g. A kid, a wild goat. 
 
 13. Tiberim. Tiber, ris. m. The celebrated river, on 
 
 whose banks Rome was built. 
 reiortis. Retortus, part, (from retorqaeo,) thrown 
 
BOOK I. ODE II. 7 
 
 VERSE 
 
 back. The Tiber falls into the Tuscan Sea, which 
 being swoln witji tempests, caused it to flow bach 
 to its source. 
 
 15. dejectum. (sup.) Dejicio, ere, jeci, jectum. act. To 
 
 throw down, to destroy, to remove, to over- 
 whelm. 
 regis, rex, regis, m. A king, viz. Numa, who built 
 a palace and a temple to Vesta, on the banks or 
 the Tiber. 
 
 16. Vestce. Vesta, ae, f. a goddess, worshipped by the 
 
 Romans, from the remotest antiquity. She seems 
 to have been regarded as the patroness and pro- 
 tectress of domestic life, and accordingly she is 
 mentioned by Virgil and Ovid in connexion with 
 the Penates, or household gods. Virg. iEn. ii. 
 293. 297. Ovid. Met. xv. 864. The holy fire 
 was kept continually burning in her temple ; but, 
 although it was never suffered to be extinguished, 
 it was renewed at the commencement of every 
 year. Hence it is called by Horace, celernus. Od. 
 iii. 5. 11. Her service was confided by Numa to 
 four vigins, called Vestals ; but the number was 
 afterwards raised to six, and never afterwards 
 varied. If at any time they suffered the holy fire 
 to go out, death, or severe bodily chastisement, 
 was the certain consequence. 
 
 17. I lice. Ilia, or as she is sometimes called Rhea, was 
 
 one of the vestal virgins. The punishment at- 
 tached to the violation of the vestal vow, was to be 
 buried alive. This she incurred by becoming the 
 mother of Romulus and Remus. Her tomb was 
 near the banks of the Tiber, whence arose the 
 b 4 
 
8 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 fable of her having married the River ; to which 
 the words uxorius amnis (%. 20.) refer. 
 18. sinistra. Sinister, tra, trum, adj . On the left hand. 
 — The greater part of the city of Rome was built 
 on the left shore of the river, which being lower 
 than the Tuscan side, was more liable to inun- 
 dation. 
 
 21. acuisse. acuo, ere, i, turn. act. To whet, or sharpen. 
 
 22. Persce. The Parthians, called also Medes, v. 51. 
 
 as the three empires were united. Horace calls 
 them Graves, from the resentment which the 
 Romans always had of their defeat of Crassus and 
 Antony. 
 24. vara. Rarus, a, urn, adj. Scarce, thin; made or 
 rendered is understood. 
 
 " less numerous by their parents' crimes." Francis. 
 juventus. Juventus, utis, f. Youth ; it is here used 
 for posterity. 
 
 31. dmictus. Amictus, a, um, part, (from amicior) 
 
 Clothed, clad, decked, attired, arrayed. 
 
 32. Augur Apollo. Apollo, inis, m. the son of Jupiter 
 
 and Latona, and the patron and inventor of the 
 fine arts. He was also the god of augury, whence 
 he is here called Augur. He had a most magni- 
 ficent temple, and a celebrated oracle at Delphi, 
 a town of Phocis. 
 
 33. Erycina. Venus. So called from the temple, which 
 
 was dedicated to her upon Mount Eryx, in 
 Sicily. 
 36. auctor. Auctor, oris. m. An author, a founder: 
 Romulus, the son of Mars, was the founder of 
 the Roman empire. 
 
BOOK I. ODE II. 9 
 
 VERSE 
 
 38. galea. Galea, ae. f. A helmet, a crest. 
 leves. Levis, e, adj. Smooth, polished. 
 
 39. deer. Acer, acris, e. adj. fierce, barbarous, cruel. 
 Mauri. An inhabitant of Mauritania. 
 
 42. Ales. Ales, itis, adj. Winged. Mercury was al- 
 ways represented with wings on his ancles. 
 almae Maice. Almus, a, um, adj. Fair, beautiful. 
 Maia, the mother of Mercury, was the most 
 beautiful of the seven daughters of Atlas, who 
 were changed after death into the stars which 
 form the constellation called the Pleiades, or 
 seven sisters. 
 
 45. Serus. Serus,a, um, adj. Late. May you return late 
 
 to heaven : i. e. may it be long ere you return. 
 
 46. inter sis. Intersum, es, fui, esse, (cum dat.) to be 
 
 present, to remain among. 
 Quirini. Quirinus, i, m. A name given to Romu- 
 lus, after his deification. Populo Quirini. The 
 people of Romulus, i. e. the Roman people. 
 
 47. iniquum. Iniquus, a um, adj. Unpropitious, dis- 
 
 pleased, disgusted. 
 
 48. odor. Ocior, ius, adj. (compar.) More swift, quick, 
 
 speedy. 
 
 51. inultos. Inultus, a, um, adj. Unpunished, unre- 
 
 venged, without danger. 
 
 52. Caesar. Augustus; to whom Horace addressed this 
 
 ode, with the view of persuading him to retain 
 the government of the empire, which he had of- 
 fered to resign. 
 
 b5 
 
iO CLAVIS HORATIANA, 
 
 ODE III. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 1. DIVA. Diva, se, f. A goddess ; viz. Venus. See 
 
 Ode i. 13. 
 
 2. fratres Helence ; i. e. Castor and Pollux. Helen, 
 
 (who was the most beautiful woman of her age, 
 and the cause of the celebrated Trojan war,) was 
 born from one of the eggs, which Leda, the wife 
 of king Tyndarus, brought forth, after her amour 
 with Jupiter, in the shape of a swan. Castor and 
 Pollux, together with their sister Clytemnestra, 
 were born at the same time with Helen, and in 
 the same miraculous manner. They were trans- 
 formed, after death, into the constellation of Ge~ 
 mini, or the Twins ; the appearance of which was 
 considered, by sailors, as an indication of favour- 
 able weather. See Ode xii. ver. 23. 
 
 3. Ventorum pater. CEolus, the God of the Winds. 
 
 4. obstrictis. Obstrictus, part, (from obstringor,) 
 
 Bound, restrained. 
 Iapyga. Iapyx, gis, m. A wind which blows from 
 Apulia, and is favourable to such as sail from 
 Italy towards Greece, 
 6. Virgilium. The poet Virgil was an intimate friend 
 of Horace, who had been recommended by him 
 to the notice and patronage of Maecenas. 
 finibus Atticis. To the Grecian, or Athenian, ter- 
 ritories. — finis, is, m. and f. a border, bound or 
 limit, a country. 
 
BOOK I ODE III. 11 
 
 VERSE 
 
 8. serves. Servo, are, act. to preserve, to keep, to re- 
 tain, to possess. 
 10. fragilem. Fragilis, e. adj. Weak, frail, perishable, 
 truci. Trux, trucis, adj. Rough, fierce, stormy, 
 boisterous. 
 
 12. prceceps, ipitis, adj. Headlong, boisterous. See 
 
 Ode I. v. 15. 
 
 13. decertantem. Decertans, part, (from Decerto, are, 
 
 n. To contend, to strive.) 
 Aquilonibus. Aquilo, 5nis, m. The North-east 
 wind, which blows against the South-west. 
 
 14. Hyadas. Hyades, um, f. pi. A constellation, of 
 
 five stars, in the head of the Bull, the rising and 
 
 setting of which are attended with much rain ; 
 
 whence they are called tristes. Tristis, e. adj. 
 
 Sad, melancholy, gloomy. 
 rabiem. Rabies, ei, f. Fury, rage, fierceness. 
 Noti. Notus, i, m. The south-wind, called also 
 
 Auster. Any wind. 
 
 15. arbiter. Arbiter, tri, m. a ruler, here put for a 
 
 disturber, a boisterous ruler. 
 Adriae. Adria, ae, m. The Adriatic sea, or gulf 
 of Venice, lying between Italy and Illyricum. 
 Any sea. The Adriatic is not exposed to the 
 south-west, but to the E.S.E. 
 
 16. freta. Fretum, i, n. A narrow sea between two 
 
 lands. The sea, generally. 
 18. siccis oculis. With dry eyes. Milton has a similar 
 expression : 
 
 " Sight so deform, what heart of rock could long 
 Dry-eyed behold ?"— P. L. xi. 494. 
 
 Siccus, a, um, adj. Dry, tearless. 
 b 6 
 
12 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 20. Acroceraunia. A rocky promontory of Epirus, 
 
 projecting between the Ionian and Adriatic seas. 
 Horace calls them Infames, in compliment to 
 Augustus, who had narrowly escaped shipwreck 
 from them, on his return from the battle of Ac- 
 tium. Infamis, e, adj. Infamous, unlucky. 
 
 21. abscidit. Abscindo, ere; di, sum. act. To separate, 
 
 to cut off. 
 
 22. dissociabilu Dissociabilis, e. adj. Rude, unsociable, 
 
 untractable. 
 
 24. vada, vadum, i, n. A ford, or shallow place ; also, 
 
 the sea. 
 
 25. perpeti. Perpetior, i, ssus sum ; dep. To suffer, 
 
 or undergo, with courage. To attempt. 
 
 26. nefas. Nefas, n, indecl. wickedness, an unlawful 
 
 action. 
 
 27. Iapeti genus. Prometheus, son of Iapetus, one of 
 
 the Titans, is said to have formed a man with 
 clay, which he animated by means of fire which 
 he had stolen from heaven. As a punishment for 
 the theft, he was confined to Mount Caucasus, 
 where a vulture continually preyed upon his liver, 
 without destroying it. 
 30. subductum. Subductus, part, (from subduco, act.) 
 stolen from, taken, or conveyed, away. 
 macies. Macies, ei, f. leanness, meagreness, ( oc- 
 casioned by disease.) 
 febriam. Febris, is, f. a fever, a distemper or ma- 
 lady. 
 
 32. semoti. Semotus, part, (from SemoveOt act.) Re- 
 
 moved, put away, (i. e. more distant.) 
 
 33. leti. Letum, i, n. Death. 
 
BOOK I. ODE IV. 13 
 
 VERSE 
 
 corripuit. Corripio, ere, ui, eptum. act. to hasten. 
 
 34. expertus, (sub. est.) experior, iri, pertus sum dep. 
 To attempt or try. 
 Daedalus. A descendant of Erectheus, king of 
 Athens. He was distinguished by his great skill 
 in the mechanic arts, by means of which he con- 
 structed artificial wings, and escaped from the 
 confinement of Minos, king of Crete. His son 
 Icarus, however, who accompanied his flight, in- 
 advertently approached too near the sun, which 
 melted the wax on his wings, so that he fell, and 
 was drowned in the iEgean Sea, which was after- 
 wards called by his name. See Ode i. 15. 
 
 36. perrupit. Perrumpo, ere, rupi, act. To break 
 through by force. 
 Acheronta. Acheron, tis, m. Feigned by the 
 Ancients to be one of the rivers of Hell. It is 
 here put for Hell itself. 
 
 38. An allusion to the fable of the Giants, who made 
 war against Jupiter, in order to revenge the de- 
 feat of the Titans, their brothers. 
 
 ODE IV. 
 
 SOLVITUR. Solvo, ere, vi, iitum, act. To dis- 
 solve, to thaw, to dissolve or melt. 
 
 acris. Acer, cris, e, adj. sharp, rough, stormy. 
 
 vice. Vicis, vTci, vicem, vice. Change, reappearance. 
 
 Favoni. FSvonius, i, m. The west wind. The 
 zephyrs, which begin to blow in the spring. 
 
14 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 2. Machines . Machina, ae, f. An engine, or machine, 
 
 (by the help of which the ships, which the antients 
 always drew on shore during the winter, were 
 brought back into the water). A trundle. 
 
 3. stabulis. Stabiilum, i, n. A standing for cattle, a 
 1 shed, or sheep-fold, a stable, a shelter. 
 
 4. prata. Pratum, i, n. A meadow, a field or pasture. 
 albicant. Albico, as, neut. To grow, or become 
 
 white. 
 cams pruinis. Canus, a, um, adj. Hoar, white, 
 grey. Pruina, ae, f. A frost, a hoar frost, or rime. 
 
 5. Cytherea, a surname of Venus, so called from the 
 
 island of Cythera, where, though her worship was 
 universally established, she was particularly ho- 
 noured. She is supposed to have sprung from 
 the froth of the sea. 
 xmminente Luna. Imminens, tis. part, (from %m- 
 mineo, neut.) Hanging over, imminent, (i. e. 
 shining.) We may infer from a passage in 
 Euripides, that worship was paid to Venus at 
 night in preference to the day. (Hipp. 105.) 
 
 6. Nymphis — Gratice* The Graces were three in num- 
 
 ber, Aglaia, Thalia, and Euphrosyne : the most 
 amiable divinities in the Grecian mythology. They 
 weTe the daughters of Venus, by Jupiter or 
 Bacchus ; and were the constant attendants of 
 the goddess. Here by Nymphas is understood 
 married women ; by Gratias, virgins, 
 decentes. DScens, tis, adj. (ex part.) Comely, be- 
 seeming, handsome, modest. 
 
 7. quatiunt. QuStio, Sre, ssi, ssum, act. To shake, 
 
 (by beating with the feet.) 
 
BOOK I. ODE IV. \5 
 
 VERSE 
 
 alterno pede. With the alternate foot : i.e. they 
 touch the earth, in dancing, now with the right, 
 and now with the left foot. 
 
 Cyclopum. Cyclopes, um, m. pi. A race of mon- 
 sters, who had but one eye in the centre of the 
 forehead, whence they derived their name. They 
 were sprung from Ccelus and Terra, and were the 
 assistants of Vulcan, in making the thunderbolts 
 of Jupiter. 
 
 8. Vulcanus. The god of Fire, and son of Jupiter and 
 
 Juno, or, according to some, of Juno alone. When 
 kicked from heaven by Jupiter, he broke his leg 
 by the fall, so that lameness, from which he never 
 recovered, was added to his other deformities. 
 By the influence of Mercury, he was restored to 
 the favour of Jupiter, and became the husband 
 of Venus. 
 
 ardens. Ardens, tis, part, vel adj. Burning, hot, 
 sweating, (on account of hard labour, and the heat 
 of the furnace.) 
 
 officinas. OfFlcina, ae, f. A workshop, a smithy, a 
 manufactory. 
 
 9. viridi. Viridis, e, adj. Green, fresh, flourishing. 
 nitidum. Nitidus, a, um, adj. Shining, dressed; 
 
 also, anointed with oil, 
 impedire. ImpSdio, Ire, Ivi, Itum, act. properly, to 
 entangle, to hinder; also, to encircle, to crown 
 with. 
 
 10. soiutce. Solutus, part, (from solvo, act.) Loosened, 
 
 thawed, moistened. 
 
 11. Fauno. Faunus, i, m. Pan, the god of shep- 
 
 herds, who was sometimes called by this name. 
 
16 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 (The Fauni were rural deities, of the same ap- 
 pearance with the Satyrs, but far less mischiev- 
 ous.) The festival of Pan was celebrated early in 
 the Spring. 
 immolare. Immolo, are, act. To sacrifice, to kill, 
 to offer up. 
 
 13. cequo. asquus, a, um. adj. Just, impartial. 
 tabernas. Tdberna, se, f. Properly, a house made 
 
 of boards ; here, a hut, a cottage. 
 
 14. turres. Turns, is. f. A tower; here put for, a 
 
 palace, a royal edifice. 
 
 beate. Beatus, a, um; part, et adj. Happy, (as 
 being rich, or wealthy.) 
 
 Sexti. (voc. case.) Lucius Sextus, to whom this 
 ode is addressed, was appointed Consul by Au- 
 gustus, A. U. C, 731. He was attached to the 
 party of Brutus and Pompey. 
 
 15. summa. Summa, as, f. A sum, space, duration; 
 
 a metaphor taken from numbers. 
 spem inchoare longam. Literally, to begin a long 
 hope, i. e. not to begin any work or form expec- 
 tations, of which the shortness of life renders 
 the fulfilment uncertain. Inchoo, are, act. To 
 begin, to commence. 
 
 16. Jam. Soon; in a future signification. 
 Fabulceque Manes. Manes, ium. pi. m. Spirits; 
 
 also deities, who presided over burying grounds 
 and sepulchres. Fabula, ae. f. a fable, (gen.) 
 of the fable, i. e. celebrated in mythology. 
 
 1 7. Plutonia. Plut5nius, a, um, adj ; (a Pluto.) Of, or 
 
 belonging to, Pluto, the god of Hell. 
 exilis. Exilis, e, adj. Solitary, shadowy, empty. 
 
BOOK I. ODE V. 17 
 
 E 
 
 means. Meo, are, act. To migrate, to go to, to 
 
 18. regna. Regnum, i, n. Dominion, rule, or go- 
 
 vernment. 
 
 sortiere. Sortior, Iri, dep. To cast, or draw lots, 
 to obtain by chance. 
 
 talis. Talus, i, m. a die, or dice. The Romans, 
 at their entertainments, appointed a person by 
 the throw of the dice, whom they called k'mg, to 
 regulate the feast, and govern the party. 
 
 1 9. Lycidan. Lycidas, a beautiful youth, who was sup- 
 
 posed by some to have been cup-bearer to Sex- 
 tius. 
 calet. Caleo, ere, ui, n. To grow warm, To ad- 
 mire, to love. 
 
 20. tepebunt. Tepeo, ere, ui, n. To be warm, to be 
 
 enamoured ; To be warm with love. 
 
 ODE V. 
 
 1. GRACILIS. Gracilis, e, adj. Delicate, tender. 
 multd in rosd. Among many roses ; i. e. in a bower 
 
 of roses. 
 
 2. perfusus. Perfusus, part, (a perfundor,) Sprinkled, 
 
 perfumed. 
 urguet. Urgeo, or Urgueo, ere, si, sum. act. To 
 
 urge, to press, to court. 
 odoribus, odor, oris, m. Odour, perfume. 
 
 3. Pyrrha. A fictitious name, by which Horace ad- 
 
 dresses his mistress, of whose inconstancy he com- 
 plains. 
 
18 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 4» Cut. For whom ; i. e. for whose sake. 
 Jlavam, flavus, a, um, adj. Yellow, auburn. 
 
 5. simplex Munditiis. Elegantly neat. " Plain in thy 
 
 neatness." Milton. Munditia, ae. f. neatness (in 
 dress.) 
 fidem, fides, ei, f. faith, promise, troth : (understand 
 mutatam, from next line.) 
 
 6. aspera, &c. The order is : insolens emirabitur cequora 
 
 aspera nigris ventis : (Pyrrha's inconstancy is al- 
 legorically compared to a storm at sea.) Inso- 
 lens, tis, adj. Inexperienced. 
 d* credulus : crediilus, a, um, verb. adj. (from credo) 
 credulous, unsuspecting. 
 aured. Aureus, a, um, adj. Golden ; pure as gold. 
 
 10. vacuam. Vacuus, a, um, adj. Void, free, vacant, 
 
 open to no other attachment. 
 amabilem. Amabilis, e, adj. Amiable, kind. 
 
 11. nescius. Nescius, a, um, adj. Ignorant, unsuspect- 
 
 ing. 
 Aurce fallacis, i. e. deceit. Fallax, acis, adj. de- 
 ceitful. 
 
 13. intentata. Intentatus, part. Untried, unproved; 
 
 Mis. quib. int. nit. How miserable are they to 
 whom you seem faithful and amiable, and to 
 whom, as yet, your manners are unknown. 
 nites. Niteo, ere, ui, n. To shine, to look fair, 
 or beautiful. 
 
 14. votiva. Votlvus, a, um. adj. Votive, vowed. 
 paries. Paries, etis, m. a temple ; properly, a wall 
 
 of a house, &c. 
 uvida. Uvidus, a, um, adj. wet, soaked, drenched. 
 
 15. suspendisse. Suspendo, ere, di, sum, act. To hang 
 
 up, to suspend. 
 
BOOK I. ODE VI* 19 
 
 VERSE 
 
 16. vestimenta. Vestimentum, i, n. A garment ; ap- 
 parel or clothing. 
 potenti maris deo. Neptune. It was customary for 
 those who had escaped from shipwreck, to have 
 their misfortune represented on a tablet. Some 
 persons hung the painting about their necks, and 
 used it for the purpose of exciting compassion, 
 and procuring alms for their relief. The votiva 
 tabula was more properly hung in the temple of 
 the Deity, to whom they conceived themselves 
 indebted for their preservation. The order is, 
 sacer paries indicat me, tabula votiva, suspendisse 
 uvida vestimenta potenti deo maris. 
 
 ODE VI. 
 
 1. Vario. Lucius Varius, was a celebrated epic poet, 
 
 to whom Augustus committed the revisal of the 
 iEneid, after the death of Virgil. He was a great 
 friend of the poet during his life, and shared with 
 him and Horace the favour of Maecenas. Some 
 parts of his works are still extant. 
 fortis. Fortis, e, adj. brave, valiant, courageous. 
 
 2. Mceonii carminis aliti. A poet of the Maeonian song. 
 
 (The poets were antiently compared to swans and 
 eagles.) Ales, itis, m. A bird. Maeonius, a, um, 
 adj. Of or belonging to Homer, because Smyrna, 
 a city of Maeonia, or Lydia, was one of the seven 
 places which contended for the honour of his 
 birth. 
 
20 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 4. gesserit. Gero, ere, ssi, stum, act. To perform, to 
 do, to execute, to achieve. 
 Agrippa. M. Vipsanius Agrippa, a noble Roman,' 
 and son-in-law to Augustus. It should seem that 
 Horace is excusing himself from celebrating a re- 
 cent victory which he had obtained over Pompey. 
 Agrippa enriched Rome with several magnificent 
 buildings, and his liberality gained him great po- 
 pularity at Rome. He died universally lamented, 
 B.C. 12. 
 
 6. Peleides. Peleides, ae, m. (a patronymic of) Achilles, 
 
 the son of Peleus. He was the hero of the Iliad, 
 as Ulysses (v. 7.) was of the Odyssey of Homer. 
 stomachum. Stomachus, chi, m. anger, wrath. 
 
 7. duplicis. Duplex, icis, adj. Deceitful, crafty, subtle. 
 
 8. Pelopis domum. The misfortunes of the family of 
 
 Pelops have furnished subjects for several antient 
 tragedies. Varius himself wrote one, entitled, 
 " Thyestes." Scevam, savage, murderous ; from 
 the domestic murders with which it was polluted. 
 
 9. grandia. Grandis, e. adj. Grand, lofty, great. 
 
 10. imbellis. Imbellis, e, adj. Feeble ; unfit for mar- 
 
 tial or heroic subjects. 
 
 11. egregii. Egregius, a, um. Illustrious, exalted, 
 
 noble. This adjective is generally used in a re- 
 ligious sense ; it is here applied to Augustus, as 
 the immediate favourite of the Gods. 
 
 12. deterere. Detero, ere, trivi, itum. act. To de- 
 
 crease, diminish, impair. 
 
 1 3. Martem. Mars, tis, m. The son of Jupiter and 
 
 Juno, and the God of war. 
 (idamantind tunica. Adamantinus, a, um, adj. Ada- 
 
BOOK I. ODE VII. 21 
 
 ♦ERSE^ 
 
 mantine ; hard as adamant. — Tunica, ae, f. A 
 robe ; (here J a coat of mail. 
 
 15. Merionen. Meriones, the charioteer and friend of 
 
 Idomeneus, king of Crete, during the Trojan 
 i, war. 
 
 16. Tydeiden. Tydeides, is. m. Diomed,' the son of 
 
 Tydeus. He was the bravest of all the Grecian 
 chieftains, except Achilles and AjaxTelamonius. 
 
 18. sectis. Sectus, part, (from secor) cut, pared, (that 
 they might not hurt.) 
 unguibus. Unguis, is, m. a nail. The order is, Nos 
 vacui cantamus prcelia virginum, acrium in ju- 
 venes unguibus sectis. 
 urimur. Uro, ere, ussi, ustum. act. to burn, to 
 inflame — (Pass.) to be inflamed, (with love.) 
 
 20. Non prceter solitum leves. " With all our usual le- 
 vity." — Francis. 
 
 ODE VII. 
 
 Note. — This Ode appears to consist of two distinct 
 fragments ; the first of which, to ver. 14. was most pro- 
 bably addressed to Maecenas, and the latter to Plancus. 
 1 . Rhodon. Rhodus, a celebrated island in the Carpa- 
 thian sea. Its principal city was Rhodes, cele- 
 brated for its Colossus. 
 Mitylenen. Mitylene. The capital city of the Isle 
 of Lesbos. Its buildings were magnificent, and 
 the surrounding country delightful. 
 
22 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 o 
 
 2. Epheson. Ephesus, a sea-port of Ionia, celebrated 
 for its magnificent temple of Diana. 
 bimaris. Bimaris, e. adj. Situated between two 
 
 Corinthi. Corinth, the capital of Achaia Propria, 
 situated on the middle of the Isthmus of the same 
 name, at the distance of about 60 stadia on either 
 side of the sea, viz : The Ionian sea to the W. and 
 the JEgean, or Archipelago, on the E. 
 
 3. Baccho Tkebas. Thebae, arum. f. pi. The capital 
 
 of Boeotia. It was sacred to Bacchus, because 
 his mother Semele was the daughter of Cadmus, 
 who founded the city. 
 Apolline Delphos. See Ode ii. v. 32. supra. 
 
 4. insignes. Insignis, e, adj. Celebrated, remarkable. 
 Thessala Tempe. Tempe, (n. pi. indecl.) celebrated 
 
 by the poets as the most luxuriant and delightful 
 valley on the earth. It was watered by the Pe- 
 neus, which forced its way between the mountains 
 Olympus and Ossa, to the iEgean sea. 
 
 5. Intactce. Intactus, part. Untouched, pure, chaste. 
 Palladis urbem. Athens, a city of Attica, in Greece ; 
 
 universally celebrated for the learning, and the 
 military talents of its inhabitants. It was founded 
 by Cecrops, (whence it is sometimes called Ce- 
 cropia.) Minerva was its tutelar deity, and it is 
 called Athens from her Greek name, Athena. 
 
 7. undique decerptam. Gathered on all sides ; i. e. the 
 olive, which has been obtained by several other 
 poets, for verses in praise of Athens. Decerptus, 
 part, (from decerpor) plucked, gathered. 
 
 9. Argos. Argos, eos, n. A famous city of Greece, 
 
BOOK I. ODE VII. 23 
 
 VERSE 
 
 celebrated for its breed of horses. Its tutelar 
 goddess was Juno. 
 
 dites. ditis, e. adj. Rich, wealthy. 
 
 Mycenas. Mycenae, arum, f. pi. A town of Ar- 
 golis in the Peloponnesus, once the capital of La- 
 conia. It formed part of the kingdom of Aga- 
 memnon, and during his reign, was the seat of 
 Government. 
 
 10. patiens. Patiens, tis. adj. and part. Patient, 
 
 submissive. (In allusion to the severity of its 
 laws.) 
 Ldcedcemon. Sparta. 
 
 11. Larissce. Larissa, ae. f. A city of Thessaly. 
 percussit. Percvitio, ere, ssi, sum, act. To strike, 
 
 or make an impression upon, the mind ; to please 
 or delight. 
 opimcc. Opimus, a, um. adj. Rich, fruitful, fer- 
 tile. 
 
 12. domus. Domus, us, and i, f. Properly, a house ; 
 
 here, a spring, or source. Because the divinity 
 was supposed to reside there. 
 Albunece. Albunea, ae, f. A nymph, or sybil, to 
 whom the place was consecrated. The scenery 
 here described is delightful. The rapid Anio, 
 winding through the groves of Tibur and Albu- 
 nea, and forming a cataract in its course among 
 the mountains, diversified by the neighbouring 
 village and gardens, must have rendered the poet's 
 rural seat, which had been given him by Maecenas, 
 highly beautiful and romantic. The Anio joins 
 the Tiber six miles north of Rome. 
 
 1 3. Tiburni. Tiburnus, i. m. A son of Amphiaraus, 
 
24 CLAV1S HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 who settled in Italy, with a colony of Argives, 
 and founded the town of Tibur, where he re- 
 ceived divine honours. 
 uda. udus, a. um. adj. Wet, moistened. 
 
 14. mobilibus. mobilis, e. adj. Flowing, running. 
 pomaria. pomarium, i. n. An orchard. 
 
 15. Albas notus. The S. S.E. wind, called by the 
 
 Greeks Leuconotus, from XevKog, albus. Albus, 
 a, um. adj. Serene, clear, (because generally 
 without clouds.) 
 deter get. deter geo, ere, si. sum. act. To clear, 
 to wipe away. 
 
 17. sapiens, sapiens, tis. adj. Wise, philosophic. 
 
 19. molli. mollis, e. adj. Soft, ripe, mellow. 
 
 Plance. Plancus Munatius, a noble Roman, of 
 great abilities, and who had enjoyed the chief 
 honours of the State. His letters to Cicero are 
 still extant. He first favoured the cause of 
 ferutus, and afterwards joined Antony. Having 
 now deserted him also, he was justly suspected 
 by Augustus, and was advised by Horace to 
 allay his apprehension of disgrace with the cheer- 
 fulness of wine. 
 
 21. Tiburis. Tibur, ris. n. See v. 13. 
 
 Teucer Salamina patremque. Teucer was the 
 brother of Ajax, and son of Telamon, King of 
 Salamis, an Island in the iEgean. On his return 
 from the Trojan war, he was banished by his 
 father, for not having revenged the death of his 
 brother, who had killed himself in consequence 
 of his defeat in the contest with Ulysses for the 
 arms of Achilles. He retired to Cyprus, where 
 8 
 
BOOK I. ODE VIII. 25 
 
 VERSE 
 
 he built a town, and named it, after his native 
 country, Salamis. 
 
 22. Lyceo. Lyaeus, i. m. A name given to Bacchus, 
 
 used here, by metonyme, for wine. 
 
 23. populed, p5puleus, a, urn, adj. Of poplar. This 
 
 tree was sacred to Bacchus. 
 21. affatus, part, (from the unused verb, affor, ari, to 
 
 address, to speak to.) 
 26. ibinus. eo, ire, ivi, itum, n. to go. The future tense 
 indie, is here used for the imperative mood. 
 sdcii. socius, i. m. A companion, a friend. 
 comites. comes, itis. c. g. An attendant. 
 29. ambiguam. ambigiius, a, um, adj. Doubtful, dif- 
 ficult to distinguish ( from its resemblance to his 
 native Salamis in glory and magnificence.) 
 Tellure nova. In a new land, i. e. Cyprus. See v. 21. 
 32. iterabimus. Itero, are, act. To go, or sail over, 
 to re-cross. 
 
 ODE VIII. 
 
 1. LYDIA. Lydia, se. f. Under this fictitious name, 
 Horace complains of the inconstancy of his mis- 
 tress. Sybaris, the name of his rival, is also fic- 
 titious. 
 
 4. Campum. Campus, i. m. The Campus Martius, 
 
 a plain at the foot of theCapitoline Hill, where the 
 assemblies of the people were held, and gymnastic 
 exercises performed. 
 
 5. militaris. militaris, e. adj. Like a soldier. 
 
26 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VEESE 
 
 6. Gallica bra. E quorum is understood. (The horses 
 of Gaul were highly valued.) — os. oris. n. a mouth, 
 lupatis frcenis. With sharp or curbed bits j so called 
 from lupus, a wolf, whose teeth are very sharp. 
 
 8. olivum. olivum, i, n. Oil (with which wrestlers 
 
 anointed themselves, in order to escape more easily 
 from the grasp of their antagonists.) 
 
 9. viperino. viperinus, a, um, adj. Of a viper, venom- 
 
 ous, deadly. 
 
 10. livida. lividus, a, um, adj. Livid, black and blue. 
 armis, arma, orum, pi. n. Arms, instruments, i. e, 
 
 quoits, javelins, &c. 
 
 12. expedite, expeditus, part, (from expedior) hurried, 
 
 thrown. 
 
 13. marince Films Thetidis. Achilles, son of Thetis, 
 
 a sea deity, by Peleus. He withdrew himself 
 from the Trojan war, in consequence of an affront 
 which he had received from Agamemnon, who 
 had taken from him Briseis, a favourite female 
 captive. He was recalled to the siege by the 
 death of his friend Patroclus, which he finally 
 revenged upon Hector, by whom he was slain. 
 — Thetis, dis. f. 
 16. In ccedem et Lycias catervas ; An Hendiadys, for 
 — In ccedem Lyciarum catervarum, to the de- 
 struction of the Lycian troops. — The Lycians 
 were the allies of the Trojans. 
 proriperet. proripio, ere, ui, eptum, act. To urge, 
 to hurry, to drive along. 
 
BOOK I. ODE IX. 27 
 
 ODE IX. 
 
 ^ERSE 
 
 2. SORACTE. Soracte, is, n. or Sorax, ctis, m. A 
 
 mountain of Etruria. It is mentioned by a mo- 
 dern traveller, as an extraordinary circumstance, 
 that this mountain was covered with snow, some 
 years since. The winter, therefore, in which this 
 Ode was written, must have been severe. 
 onus, onus, eris, n. a load, a burden; (here, of 
 snow.) 
 
 3. labor antes, laborans, tis, part, (from laboro, n.) labour- 
 
 ing, oppressed. 
 gelu. indecl. Cold, frost, ice. 
 
 4. aaito. acutus, a, um, adj. Sharp, bitter, severe. 
 
 5. foco. focus, i. m. A hearth, or fire-place ; a fire. 
 
 6. Large, adv. Copiously, abundantly, (for the compa- 
 
 rative largius.) 
 Benignius, adv. (comparative, from benigne), more 
 kindly, more liberally. 
 
 7. Deprome. Depromo, ere, mpsi, ptum, act. To 
 
 draw out. 
 Quadrimum, Quadrimus, a, um, adj. Four years 
 
 old. 
 Sabind diotd. from the Sabine cask ; (so called from 
 
 the Sabine wine which it contained.) — Diota, ae. f. 
 
 A flask, or cask, with two ears, or handles. — A 
 
 word of Greek derivation. 
 
 8. Thaliarche. Some friend of the poet, designated 
 
 perhaps by this fictitious name. 
 
 9. simul, adv. as soon as, (for simul atqiie.) 
 
28 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 10. stravere. sterno, ere, stravi, stratum, act. To still, 
 to calm, to allay. 
 
 1 3. fuge qucerere; avoid inquiring. (This carelessness 
 
 of futurity formed part of the Epicurean philo- 
 sophy, which Horace professed.) qusero, ere, 
 slvi, situm, act. To seek, to inquire. 
 
 14. quern dierum cunque, i. e. quemcunque diem. 
 lucro appone, consider it as gain. Lucrum, i. n. 
 
 profit, gain, advantage. 
 
 16. puer ; puer, i. m. a boy, i. e. while you are young. 
 
 17. canities, canities, ei, f. Hoariness, old age. 
 
 18. morosa, morosus, a, um, adj. Peevish, fretful, 
 
 morose. 
 Campus. See Od. 8. v. 4. 
 arece. area, ee. f. A plain ; an open space, for 
 
 sport or exercise. 
 
 19. lenes susurri; low whispers ; conversations carried 
 
 on in a low voice, susurrus, i. m. a whisper. 
 
 20. compositd. compositus, part, (from componor) set- 
 
 tled, appointed. 
 
 21. Nunc et, &c. The order is : Et nunc gratus risus 
 
 intimo ah angulo, proditor puellce latentis ; 
 (understand repetatur from ver. 20.) — Proditor, 
 oris, m, a betrayer, a discoverer. 
 
 23. Pignus, Pignus, oris, n. A pledge, a token. The 
 
 meaning is ; a bracelet, or ring, snatched from 
 the arm, or finger, as a pledge of love. — Derep- 
 tus, a, um, part, (from deripior) snatched, taken 
 away. 
 
 24. male pertinaci. faintly resisting.— Pertmax, acis. 
 
 adj. pertinacious, retaining, holding fast. 
 
BOOK I. ODE X. 29 
 
 E 
 
 ODE X. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 I. NEPOS. nepos, otis, m. a grandson. Mercury was 
 
 the son of Maia, who was the daughter of Atlas. 
 He was the father of eloquence, the inventor of 
 the lyre, and the messenger of the gods. In his 
 youth he was addicted to playful theft ; and being 
 threatened by Apollo, whose cattle he had car- 
 ried off, he robbed the angry god of his quiver 
 also ; and, by his dexterity, converted his indig- 
 nation into a smile. See v. 11. 
 
 3. voce, vox, vocis, f. The voice. Hence used for 
 
 eloquence. 
 catus. catus, a, um, adj. Ingenious, wise, skilful. 
 
 4. more, by the Institution. Mos, moris, m. 
 l^alcestrce. palaestra, 39. f. Wrestling, exercise, (pro- 
 perly the place where the exercise was per- 
 formed.) 
 
 7. jocoso fur to. sportive theft ; jocosus, a, um, adj. 
 
 sportive. 
 10. amotas. amotus, part, (from amoveor), removed, 
 taken away. 
 
 II. viduus. viduus, a, um, adj. Bereft, deprived, des- 
 
 titute. 
 
 13. Atreidas. Agamemnon and Menelaus. 
 
 14. Ilio. Ilium, i. n. Ilium, or Troy. Priam was safely 
 
 conducted by Mercury through the camp of the 
 Greeks, till he reached the tent of Achilles, whi- 
 ther he went for the purpose of redeeming the 
 body of Hector. 
 
 c 3 
 
30 CLAVIS HOKATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 15. Thessalos ignes. The watchfires of the Thessalian 
 
 guard, which were posted at the tent of Achilles. 
 iniqua. Iniquus, a, um, adj. Unfriendly, hostile. 
 
 16. fefellit. Fallo, ere, fefelli, falsum, act. To de- 
 
 ceive, to escape notice. 
 
 17. Icetis sedibus. The joyful abodes (of Elysium) — 
 
 sedes, is, f. a seat, an abode. 
 
 18. virga. Virga, se, f. a rod. The caduceus, with 
 
 which Mercury drove the dead to the regions of 
 Pluto. It is described by Virgil, iEneid, b. iv. 
 v. 24-2. 
 
 ODE XI. 
 
 1. NEFAS. (neut. indecl.) Improper, wicked; im- 
 
 possible. 
 
 2. Leucono'e. A fictitious character. 
 
 Babylonios numeros. The Babylonian or Chaldean 
 calculations ; i. e. astrology. Numeri were ta- 
 bles to calculate the fortunate and unfortunate 
 days of a person's life. 
 
 3. ut melius ; for, quanto melius est. 
 
 4. hy ernes, hyems, emis, f. winter. Used here gene- 
 
 rally for a season, a year, 
 ultimam, (understand hyemem) ultimus, a, um, adj. 
 last. 
 
 5. oppositis, §c. Weakens (the force of) the sea by 
 
 the rocks which oppose it. 
 pumicibus, pumex, icis, m. A pumice-stone ; any 
 stone, or rock. 
 
BOOK I. ODE XII. 31 
 
 VERSE 
 
 mare Tyrrhenian. The Tuscan sea ; any sea. 
 
 6. sapias. sapio, ere, ui, and ivi, neut. To be wise. 
 liques. liquo, are, act. To draw off, to philter, to 
 
 strain. (TheAntients used to philter their liquors 
 to render them more smooth and mellow.) 
 spatio brevi, i. e. propter breve spatium. 
 
 7. reseces. reseco, are, act. To pare, to clip, (as, the 
 
 nails) ; hence, to retrench, to abridge. 
 
 8. carpe. carpo, ere, psi, ptum, act. To pluck, to ga- 
 
 ther, to enjoy. A metaphor taken from fruit, 
 which should be gathered before it is over-ripe. 
 quam minimum credula postero. Trusting, as little 
 as possible, to (the uncertainty of) to-morrow. 
 Credulus, a, um, adj. Credulous, easy of belief : 
 — posterus, a, um, adj. The next after (under- 
 stand diei.) 
 
 ODE XII. 
 
 1. HERO A. (Gr. accus.) Heros, ois, m. A hero: it 
 
 here signifies a departed, or deceased, hero ; as 
 virum refers to a living person. The commence- 
 ment of this Ode is a beautiful imitation of that 
 of Pindar's second Olympic Ode. 
 
 2. sumis. sumo, ere, psi, ptum, act. To take, select, 
 
 choose. 
 Clio. Clio, Clius ; f. The historic muse, and pa- 
 troness of historic poets. 
 
 3. recinet. Recino, ere, ui, entum, act. To resound, 
 
 to repeat. 
 
 c 4 
 
32 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 4. imago, (understand vocis) Echo. Imago, inis, f. an 
 
 image, a resemblance. 
 
 5. Heliconis. Helicon, onis, m. A mountain of Bseo- 
 
 tia, sacred to Apollo, and the nine Muses ; who 
 were therefore sometimes called Heliconiades. 
 
 6. Pindo-Hcemo. Mountains of Thrace and Thessaly, 
 
 sacred to the Muses. 
 
 7. temere, adv. hastily, confusedly, in crowds. Temere 
 
 insecutce ; followed in crowds. 
 
 8. Orphea. (Gr. ace.) Orpheus, eos, and ei, m. A 
 
 Thracian poet and musician, of such superior talent 
 and skill, that he is fabled to have inspired animals, 
 and even inanimate objects, by the sweetness of 
 his strains, and to put in motion trees and rivers 
 by his melody. He is said to have charmed 
 Pluto into a consent to restore to him his wife 
 Eurydice, after her death ; but she forfeited the 
 indulgence by her indiscretion in looking back, 
 contrary to his express command. 
 
 9. Maternd. given by his mother (Calliope.) Mater- 
 
 nus, a, um, adj. Maternal. Of, or belonging to 
 a mother. 
 11. Blandum. Blandus, a, um, adj. Sweet, melodious. 
 Blandum ducere, i. e. qui blando cantu ducebat. 
 auritas. auritus, a, um, adj. Listening, attentive. 
 fidibas. Fides, is, and f idis, is, f. A string of a 
 lute ; a lute. 
 
 16. Horis. Hora, se, f. An hour; a season. 
 
 17. generatur. Genero, are, act. To beget, to create. 
 
 1 8. viget. Vigeo, ere, ui, n. To flourish, to be illus- 
 
 trious. 
 
 19. Pallas. See b. 3. Ode xii. ver. 4. 
 
BOOK 1. ODE XII. 33 
 
 VERSE 
 
 22. Liber. Liber, ri, m. A name of Bacchus (from 
 Ubcr, free, because wine frees from care.) 
 Virgo, i.e. Diana, the goddess of hunting, and sis- 
 ter of Apollo. From her abhorrence of mar- 
 riage, she is repeatedly called the virgin goddess, 
 and is said to be the protectress of virgins. She 
 is known also by the names of Trivia, Diva Tri- 
 formis, &c. from the three different names and 
 characters which she bore in Heaven, Hell, and 
 Earth respectively, and which are concisely ex- 
 pressed in the following couplet : 
 Terret, lustrat, agit, Proserpina, Luna, Diana, 
 Ima, suprema, feras, sceptro, fulgore, sagitta. 
 
 She is sometimes called Phcebe. 
 
 24. Phcebe. Phoebus, i. m. A name of Apollo. 
 
 25. Alciden. Alcides, as, m. Hercules, son of Am- 
 
 phitryon, who was the son of Alceus. 
 pueros Ledce. Castor and Pollux. See Ode hi. v. 2. 
 
 29. defluit. defluo, ere, xi, xum, neut. To flow down, 
 
 to descend. 
 agitatus humor. The foam or spray, which is form- 
 ed by the waves beaten against the rocks. Agi- 
 tatus, a, um, adj. and part. Tossed, agitated, 
 driven. 
 
 30. Concidunt. Concido, ere, di, sum, neut. To sub- 
 
 side. 
 
 31. Ponto recumbit. Rests on the surface of the sea. 
 
 Recumbo, ere, cubui, cubitum, neut. To lie 
 quiet. 
 33. Romulum. Romulus, i. m. The founder of Rome; 
 supposed to be the son of Mars, by Ilia. (See 
 Od. ii. v. 17.) 
 
 c5 
 
34 CLAV1S HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 34. Pompili. Numa Pompilius, the second King of 
 
 Rome. He was greatly attached to peace, and 
 engaged in no war during his whole reign. He 
 made great improvements in every department 
 of the state, settled the Roman Calendar, re- 
 formed the religious ceremonies, and adorned 
 the city with several noble buildings. 
 
 35. Tarquini. Tarquinius Priscus, the sixth King of 
 
 Rome, who rendered himself highly popular by 
 the improvement which he made in the govern- 
 ment and the buildings of the city. He greatly 
 increased the Roman territories, enclosed the 
 city with a wall, and laid the foundation of the 
 capitol. 
 fasces* Fasces, ium, m, pi. Ensigns of royalty, 
 first used by Tarquinius Priscus. (The fasces 
 were a bundle of rods, with an axe in the midst 
 of them, carried by the Lictors before the Kings 
 of Rome, and subsequently by the Consuls, as 
 badges of their authority.) 
 Catonis. M. Cato, a noble Roman, of inflexible 
 virtue and integrity. To secure himself from 
 falling into the hands of Caesar, he stabbed him- 
 self at Utica ; whence he derived the surname of 
 Uticensis. 
 37. Regulum. Regulus, i, m. A Roman Consul, who 
 was taken prisoner by the Carthaginians during 
 the first Punic war. He was sent by them to 
 Rome, with proposals of peace, under a promise 
 of returning, in the event of its being refused. 
 Regulus, however, with the most disinterested 
 patriotism, persuaded the Romans to reject the 
 
BOOK I. ODE XII. 35 
 
 VERSE 
 
 conditions, and nobly resisted the entreaties of 
 his friends, who woidd have persuaded him to 
 forfeit his word with the enemy. Upon his re- 
 turn, the Carthaginians put him to death by the 
 most cruel tortures. 
 Scauros. The family of the Scauri. M. iEmilius 
 Scaurus was distinguished for his eloquence and 
 military skill. His son rendered himself re- 
 markable by building a magnificent theatre, dur- 
 ing his aedileship. 
 
 38. prodigmn. Prodigus, a, um, adj. Prodigal, lavish. 
 
 Animce prodigum, careless of life. 
 
 Pcerw. The Carthaginian, i. e. Annibal. 
 
 Paulum. M. iEmilius Paulus being defeated at 
 Cannae, in consequence of the rashness of his 
 colleague, Terentius Varro, disdained to save 
 himself by flight, and [perished on the field of 
 battle. 
 
 39. Camoend. Camcena, ae, f. A name given to the 
 
 Muses, (a cantu amceno) from the sweetness of 
 their song. Hence, generally, a song, an ode. 
 
 40. Fabricium. Fabricius, a Roman Consul, celebrated 
 
 for his great military talents, and his simplicity 
 of manners. Although he had greatly enriched 
 his country, by his success in the war with Pyr- 
 rhus, King of Epirus, he died in the greatest 
 poverty, and was buried at the public expense. 
 
 41. Incomtis. Incomtus, part. Uncombed, undressed. 
 Curium. M. Curius Dentatus, a noble Roman, 
 
 remarkable for his contempt of riches. A say- 
 ing is attributed to him, that the man who could 
 c 6 
 
36 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 not be satisfied with seven acres of land, ought 
 to be regarded as a dangerous citizen. 
 42. Tulit. Fero, ferre, tuli, latum. To bear, to 
 raise. It was a Roman custom to place their 
 new-born infants on the ground ; when the father 
 pledged himself for their maintenance and edu- 
 cation, by raising them in his arms. Hence Po- 
 verty is represented as claiming Fabricius, Cu- 
 rius, and Camillus, for her children. 
 Camillum. Camillus, i, m. An illustrious Roman 
 general, famed, like Curius, for his carelessness 
 respecting riches. 
 
 43. avitus. avitus, a, um, adj. Ancestorial, left by an- 
 
 cestors. 
 
 44. Lare. Lar, laris, m. A dwelling-house. (The 
 
 Lares were the Gods, who presided over fami- 
 lies.) 
 Fundus, fundus, i, m. A farm, an estate. 
 
 45. occult o cevo. secretly. Occultus, part, (from occulo) 
 
 Hidden, unobserved. Shakspeare has a similar 
 passage : 
 
 Grew like the summer grass, fastest by night. 
 Unseen yet crescive in his faculty. 
 
 Henry the Finn. 
 
 46. Marcelli. M. Claudius Marcellus, five times Con- 
 
 sul, bravely defended the town of Nola against 
 Annibal, who laid siege to it in the second Punic 
 war. The poet seems, however, to intend an 
 indirect and delicate compliment to Augustus, 
 whose nephew and son-in-law was a descendant 
 of Marcellus. 
 omnes. understand ignes. 
 
BOOK I. ODE XIII. 37 
 
 VERSE 
 
 47. Julhim sidus. A large comet was seen for seven 
 nights after the murder of Julius Caesar. 
 
 50. Orte Saturno. Jupiter, who was the son of Saturn. 
 
 Ortus, part, (from orior) sprung, descended. 
 
 5 1 . secundo Ccesare. Caesar being next to you in the 
 
 government. 
 53. Parthos. See Ode ii. v. 22. 
 
 Lat'w. Latium, i, n. A small country of Italy, 
 at the mouth of the Tiber, where it falls into the 
 Tuscan sea. The Latins were the people who 
 joined Romulus, and built the city of Rome. 
 
 57. Te minor. Inferior to you alone. 
 
 58. Olympum. Olympus, i,m. A lofty mountain, be- 
 
 tween Thessaly and Epirus. The Antients sup- 
 posed that it touched Heaven with its top, and 
 therefore considered its summit as the habitation 
 of Jupiter. 
 
 ODE XIII. 
 
 1. TELEPHI. Telephus, i, m. A Grecian youth, of 
 
 elegant manners, and poetical talents. 
 
 2. Cerea. Cereus, a, urn, adj. Waxen, like to wax. 
 
 3. vce! interj. Alas! (dolentis est.) 
 
 4. fervens. part, (from ferveo) Hot, burning. 
 
 difficiles, difficilis, e, adj. Difficult, here, intolerable. 
 
 8. lentis. lentus, a, um, adj. Slow, lingering. 
 macerer. Macero, are. To waste away, to consume. 
 
 9. Uror. pass. To be burnt ; hence, to be tormented, 
 
 tortured. 
 
38 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 10. Turpdrunt. Turpo, are, act. To disgrace, to de- 
 
 file, to pollute. 
 
 1 1 . furens, part, (from furo) Raging, impatient, amo- 
 
 rous, 
 
 12. memorem. memor, is, adj. Memorable; (quae 
 
 memoriam servat) Lasting, durable. 
 
 14. barbare. adv. Roughly, rudely. 
 
 15. oscula. osculum, i, n. A kiss. It is here put for 
 
 the lips. 
 Venus. Venus, ens, f. The goddess of love. 
 
 1 6. Quinta parte siii nectaris. With the fifth part of 
 
 all her nectar. Each god was supposed to have 
 a given quantity at his disposal ; and to bestow 
 the fifth, or tenth, part of this on any individual, 
 was a special favour. This is Porson's inter- 
 pretation ; others translate Quinta parte by the 
 English word Quintessence. Nectar, aris, n. 
 Nectar. 
 imbuit. imbuo, ere, ui, utum, act. To moisten, to 
 wet, to season. 
 
 18. Irrupta. Irruptus, part, (from irrumpor) unbroken. 
 Copula. Copula, ae, f. A tie, a band. 
 
 19. Divulsus, part, (from divellor) Torn asunder. 
 
 ODE XIV. 
 
 NA VIS. Navis, is, f. A ship. Under the figure of a 
 ship, shattered by the tempests, and unfit for ano- 
 ther voyage, the poet allegorically represents the 
 distresses and dangers of the republic. Some 
 
BOOK I. ODE XIV. 39 
 
 VERSE 
 
 have thought that the Ode was written in order to 
 dissuade Augustus from his purpose of resigning 
 the government, of which he had again (A. U. C. 
 727) signified his intention to the Senate. 
 
 2. occupa. occupo, are, act. To keep possession of, 
 
 to occupy. 
 
 3. Portum. Portus, us, m. A port, haven, or harbour. 
 
 Alluding, probably, to the tranquillity of the reign 
 of Augustus. 
 
 4. Remigio. Remigium, i, n. A bench of rowers. 
 
 5. malus. Malus, i, m. A mast. 
 
 saucius. Saucius, a, um, adj. Wounded, injured, 
 disabled. 
 
 6. Antennae. Antenna, se, f. The cross-piece to which 
 
 the sail is fastened ; the sail-yard. 
 funibus. Funis, is, m. A rope, a cable. 
 
 7. Carinae. Carina, ae, f. The keel of a ship. Put 
 
 here, by Synecdoche, for the ship itself. The 
 plural is used, as frequently by the poets, instead 
 of the singular. 
 
 9. Lintea. Linteum, i, n. Any linen cloth ; a sail of 
 
 a ship. 
 
 1 0. Di. The tutelary gods of the ship. 
 
 pressa. Pressus, part, (from premor) Oppressed, 
 distressed. 
 
 11. Pontica. Ponticus, a, um, adj. Of, or belonging 
 
 to, Pontus. The best materials for ship-building 
 were brought from the woods of Pontus, a coun- 
 try in Asia Minor. 
 15. Ventis debes ludibrium. You are doomed to be- 
 come a sport for the winds. The expression is 
 Greek. 
 
40 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 16. Cave. Caveo, ere, cavi, cantum, act, and neut. 
 
 To beware. 
 
 17. Tcedlum. Tsedium, i, n. Weariness, anxiety. 
 
 1 1 . desiderium. desideriura, i, n. Sorrow, regret. The 
 words here used are beautifully adapted to the 
 allegorical description. Tcedlum (v. 1 7) expresses 
 the weariness of a voyage, and the anxiety of 
 one engaged in civil war ; desiderium refers to 
 the regret experienced for lost friends ; and cura 
 implies a dread of renewed dangers. 
 
 19. Interfusa, scattered between ; for fusa inter. 
 
 Cycladas. Cyclades, urn, m. They were a num- 
 ber of small islands in the iEgean Sea, bounded 
 by white rocks, which gave them a shining ap- 
 pearance in the distance. Hence Horace calls 
 them nitentes. Nitens, part (from niteo) shining. 
 
 ODE XV. 
 
 PASTOR. Pastor, 5ris, m. A shepherd. By Pas- 
 tor is here meant Paris, the son of Priam, King of 
 Troy. In consequence of a dream of his mother 
 Hecuba, while she was pregnant with Paris, which 
 seemed to point him out as the cause of the future 
 destruction of Troy, he was exposed on Mount Ida, 
 and being rescued from his perilous situation by 
 some shepherds, he afterwards tended their flocks ; 
 from which circumstance Horace here calls him 
 Pastor. In the contest for beauty between the three 
 7 
 
BOOK 1. ODE XV. 41 
 
 VERSE 
 
 goddesses, Juno, Minerva, and Venus, the deci- 
 sion of Paris, to whom the case was referred, was 
 given in favour of Venus. The victorious god- 
 dess promised him, as a mark of her gratitude, 
 the most beautiful woman in the world for his wife. 
 Accordingly he succeeded in carrying off Helen, 
 the daughter of Tyndarus, and wife of Menelaus; 
 and the celebrated Trojan war was the conse- 
 quence of their flight, and the punishment of their 
 adulterous marriage. 
 
 %, Hospitam. Hospita, as, f. A hostess. Paris, on his 
 arrival in Sparta, was kindly received by Mene- 
 laus, whose hospitality he abused, and perfidiously 
 carried off his hostess, Helen. 
 
 3. ingrato. ingratus, a, urn, adj. Unpleasant, ungrate- 
 ful, (namely, to Paris, on account of the delay 
 which was caused thereby.) 
 
 is caneret. cano, ere, cecini, cantum, act. To chant, 
 to sing ; here, to predict, to foretell. 
 fera. ferus, a, um, adj. Savage, cruel, grievous, 
 mournful. 
 
 5. Nereus. Nereus, eos, and ei, m. The son of Oceanus 
 and Thetys, and one of the most antient sea-dei- 
 ties. He possessed the gift of prophecy, and, like 
 Proteus, could assume any shape. He had fifty 
 daughters, who were sea-goddesses, known by 
 the name of the Nereides. 
 Mala am. With a bad omen. (The Romans au- 
 gured the good or evil fortune of an action, from 
 the chirping or the flight of birds. These divina- 
 tions were called auspices, from avis and conspicio.) 
 Avis, is, f. a bird. 
 
42 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 6. milite. miles, itis, c. g. A soldier ; here, an army, a 
 
 military force. 
 
 7. Conjurata. Conjuratus, part, (from conjuror.) Sworn 
 
 together, pledged. At the marriage of Helen, all 
 her suitors pledged themselves to defend the per- 
 son of the bride. 
 
 10. moves. Moveo, ere, m5vi, motum, act. To move, 
 
 to stir up, to cause. 
 Bardance genti. To the Trojan nation ; so called 
 from Dardanus, its original founder. 
 
 11. JEgida. JEgis, idis, f. The celebrated aegis or 
 
 shield of Minerva, given her by Jupiter, and ren- 
 dered terrible by the Gorgon's head upon it. 
 
 14. Pedes. Pecto, ere, xi, and xui, xum, act. To 
 
 comb, to dress. 
 Ccesariem. Caesaries, ei, f. The hair. 
 
 15. Imbelli. Imbellis, e, adj. Weak, unwarlike, unfit 
 
 for war. 
 
 Cithara. Cithara, ae, f. A harp, a musical in- 
 strument. 
 
 carmina divides. Will you divide your songs, i. e. 
 will you accompany your songs with the harp. 
 Divido, ere, si, sum, act. To divide, or distribute. 
 
 16. Thalamo graves. " Frightful to the bed of love." 
 
 Francis. — Thalamus, i, m, a marriage bed. 
 
 1 7. calami spicula Gnossii. The arrows formed of the 
 
 Cretan reed. Horace alludes to Idomeneus, 
 King of Crete, who distinguished himself by his 
 courage in the Trojan war. Gnossus (whence 
 Gnossus, a, um, adj.) was the principal river in 
 Crete ; and most probably the arrows were made 
 of the reeds which grew in its sands. Calamus, 
 
BOOK I. ODE XV. 43 
 
 VERSE 
 
 i, m. a reed. Spiculum, i, n. an arrow, a jave- 
 lin. 
 
 19. Ajacem. Ajax, acis, m. There were two chiefs of 
 
 this name who went to the Trojan war ; one, the 
 son of Oileus, and the other of Telamon. The 
 latter was distinguished alike for his rashness 
 and his bravery, in which he surpassed all the 
 Greeks, except Achilles. The former, who is 
 here intended, was remarkable for his swiftness 
 and activity. See Homer's II. book ii. v. 527. 
 serus. Serus, a, um, adj. Late, at last. The time 
 or manner of the death of Paris is uncertain, but 
 it did not happen till after the close of the Tro- 
 jan war. 
 
 20. collines. Collino, ere, eni, ivi, and evi, itum, act. 
 
 To besmear, to pollute. 
 
 21. Laertiaden. Laertiades, is, m. A patronymic of 
 
 Ulysses, son of Laertes, King of Ithaca. He 
 was less valiant than many of the Grecian chiefs, 
 but he rendered them more essential service by 
 the wisdom of his counsels, and his persuasive 
 eloquence. 
 
 22. Pylium Nestora. Nestor, oris, m. SonofNeleus, 
 
 King of Pylos. He went to the Trojan war 
 with fifty ships, at a very advanced age, where 
 he distinguished himself by his eloquence, his 
 prudence, and his inflexible integrity. 
 
 23. impavidi. Impavidus, a, um, adj. Fearless, brave, 
 
 intrepid. 
 Salamlnius Teucer. See Ode vii. v. 21. 
 
 24. Sthenclus. Sthenelus, i, m. A noble warrior, and 
 
 the charioteer of Diomed, at the Trojan war. 
 
44 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 26. auriga. auriga, ae, c. g. A charioteer. 
 
 27. reperire. reperio, Ire, peri, pertum, act. To find, 
 
 to discover, to meet. 
 
 28. Tydides. See Ode vi. ver. 16. 
 
 29. Cervus. Cervus, i, m. A hart, a stag. The con- 
 
 struction is, Quern tu mollis fugles sublimi anhe- 
 litu, uti cervus, immemor graminis, fugit lupum 
 visum in altera parte vallis. 
 
 31. Sublimi anhelitu. With deep panting. Sublimis, 
 
 e. adj. Deep, drawn from the bottom of the 
 breath. Anhelitus, us, m. Breathing, panting. 
 
 32. pollicitus, part, (from polliceor) Having promised. 
 tuce (understand Helence.) 
 
 33. Iracunda classis Achillei. The angry fleet of 
 
 Achilles, i. e. the anger of Achilles, who had 
 
 withdrawn to his ship. 
 proferet. profero, ferre, tuli, latum, act. To delay, 
 
 to put off. 
 diem. The day, i. e. the day of destruction. 
 
 35. certas. Certus, a, urn, adj. Certain, fated, decreed. 
 
 It here signifies ten : for the war lasted ten years. 
 Hyemes. See Ode xi. ver. 4. 
 
 36. Iliacas. This word destroys the metre : we should 
 
 therefore substitute Pergameas. Pergameus, 
 a, um, adj. Of, or belonging to, Troy, so called 
 from its citadel, which was called Pergama. 
 
 ODE XVI. 
 
 o 
 
 CRIMINOSIS. Criminosus, a, um, adj. Slan- 
 derous, reproachful. 
 
BOOK I. ODE XVI, 45 
 
 VERSE 
 
 Modum, Modus, i, m. A measure, a limit ; here, 
 an end. 
 3. Iambis. Iambus, i, m. An Iambic foot. Here, a 
 poem written in Iambic verses, which Archilochus 
 adapted to satirical compositions. It has been sup- 
 posed that Horace here alludes to his fifth Epode, 
 which is written in the Iambic metre, and in which 
 he reproaches his forsaken mistress, Tyndaris, 
 under the name of Canidia. 
 
 5. Dindymene. Dindymene, es, f. A name of Cybele, 
 
 the mother of the Gods, so called from the moun- 
 tain Dindymus, or Dindyma, where she had a 
 temple. 
 adytis. Adytum, i. n. The inner part of the tem- 
 ple, into which none but the priests were allowed 
 to enter. 
 
 6. incola Pythius. Pythius was a name of Apollo, so 
 
 called from the Pythian games, which he instituted 
 to commemorate his victory over the serpent Py- 
 thon. He is called Incola, because he was said to 
 have dwelt in the minds of his priests, when he 
 inspired them with the power of divination. In- 
 cola, ae, c. g. A dweller, an inhabitant. 
 
 8. geminant. gemino, are, act. To double, to beat 
 
 with redoubled strokes. 
 
 Corybantes. Corybantes, um, m. pi. The priests 
 of Cybele. 
 
 cera. Ms, aeris, n. Properly, brass : hence, meta- 
 phorically, any thing made of metal, as some kinds 
 of musical instruments, such as cymbals, &c. 
 
 9. Noricus. Noricus, a, um, adj. fromNoricum. The 
 
 hardness of the Iron brought from Noricum, ren- 
 
46 CLAVIS HORAT1ANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 dered it well adapted for making swords. Hence 
 good swords were called Norici enses, as we say a 
 bilboa, or toledo. 
 10. Naafragum. Naufragus, a, um, adj. Causing 
 
 shipwreck, tempestuous. 
 13. Prometheus. See Ode iii. ver. 27. 
 
 addere. for addidisse. addo, ere, didi, ditum, act. 
 
 To add. 
 principi limo. To the original clay, of which he 
 had formed a man. — Princeps, ipis, adj. first, 
 original. 
 15. Desectam. desectus, part, (from deseco) To cut 
 off, to collect. 
 
 17. Irce. (understand Atre'i) Ira, ae, f. Anger, fury. 
 Thyesten. Thyestes, ae, m. The son of Pelops, 
 
 by the wife of his brother Atreus, with whom he 
 had committed adultery. Atreus, enraged at 
 the deed, served up to him his child, Thyestes, 
 at a banquet. 
 
 18. Urbibus stetere causce cur perirent. for, stetere 
 
 causae, cur urbes perirent. Anger has been the 
 ultimate cause of the destruction of cities. 
 
 21. aratrum. Aratrum, i, n. a plough. The Romans 
 
 used to draw a plough over the ground, on which 
 had stood the walls of a conquered city, to sig- 
 nify that it should in future be converted to the 
 purposes of agriculture. 
 insolens. Insolens, tis, m. Insolent, rude, elated 
 with victory. 
 
 22. Compesce. Compesco, ere, ui, act. To check, 
 
 mitigate, assuage, control. 
 24. celeres. celer, celeris, e, adj. quick, rapid. The 
 5 
 
BOOK I. ODE XVII. 47 
 
 VERSE 
 
 Iambus is a quick foot, consisting of a long and 
 short syllable. Horace calls it pes citus. Art. 
 Poet. ver. 252. 
 
 25. mitibus. mitis, e, adj. Mild, gentle, kind. 
 
 26. Tristia. Tristis, e, adj. Sad, harsh, unpleasant. 
 dum. adv. for dummodo. So that, provided that. 
 
 27. recantatis. recantatus, part, (from recantor) re- 
 
 called, recanted. 
 
 ODE XVII. 
 
 1. AMCENUM. Amcenus, a, um, adj. Pleasant, de- 
 
 lightful. 
 Lucretilem Lycceo. Hypallage, for, Lycceum Lucre" 
 till. Lucretilis was a mountain hanging over a 
 pleasant valley, near which the farm of Horace 
 was situated, in the country of the Sabines. — 
 Lycaeus was a mountain of Arcadia, sacred to 
 Faunus, or Pan. See Od. iv. ver. 11. 
 
 2. igneam cestatem. burning heat. iEstas, atis, f. heat, 
 
 summer. 
 
 3. defendit. defendo, ere, di, sum, act. To repel, to 
 
 keep off. (depellit; propulsat.J 
 
 5. Impuiie. adv. With impunity, free from danger. 
 arbutos. arbutus, i, f. The wild strawberry tree. 
 
 6. Thy ma. Thymum, i, n. Thyme. 
 
 device. Devius, a, um, adj. Wandering, straying. 
 
 7. olentis uxores mariti. The wives of the fetid hus- 
 
 band ; i. e. the she-goats. Olens, tis, part, (from 
 Oleo) smelling, fetid, stinking. 
 
48 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 9. martiales lupos. Wolves were consecrated to Mars, 
 
 because they live by plunder. They also form 
 themselves into troops, and thus fall upon their 
 prey in a warlike manner. Martialis, e, adj. 
 Martial, warlike. 
 hadulece. (understand timent) hsedulea, ae, f. A kid. 
 
 10. Utcunque, adv. Whensoever. 
 
 Tyndari. Tyndaris was a name of Helen, the beau- 
 tiful daughter of Tyndarus. Hence Horace gives 
 it to his mistress, as most expressive of every 
 female accomplishment. 
 fistula. Fistula, ae, f. A pipe, or flute. 
 
 11. Usttcce. Ustica was a mountain in the country of 
 
 the Sabines. 
 cubantis. Cubans, tis, part, (from cubo) sloping. 
 
 12. Levia. Levis, e, adj. Smooth, polished.— (Aqua- 
 
 rum decurrentium lapsu attrita.) 
 personuere. Persono, are, ui, and avi. To sound, 
 to echo. 
 
 14. cordi est, i. e. Voluptati est. Cor, dis, n. The heart. 
 
 15. manabit. Mano, are ; neut. and act. To flow, 
 
 as a stream. The order is — Hie copia opulenta 
 Iwnorum ruris manabit tibi ad plenum comu be- 
 nigno For tuna?, benignus, a, um, adj. Kind, 
 liberal, bountiful. 
 
 17. reducta. Reductus, part, and adj. Retired, se- 
 
 cluded. 
 Caniculce. Caniciila, ae, f. The dog-star. 
 
 18. Tela. Teius, a, um, adj. Of Teios, the birth- 
 
 place of the poet Anacreon. It was situated on 
 the coast of Ionia, in Asia Minor. 
 
 19. Uno, viz. Ulysses. 
 
BOOK I. ODE XVII. 49 
 
 VERSE 
 
 20. Penelopen. Penelope, es, and ae, f. The wife of 
 
 Ulysses. During the ten years between the close 
 of the Trojan war, and the return of her husband, 
 she resisted the solicitations of innumerable sui- 
 tors, and retained her virtue and fidelity to her 
 lawful and beloved lord. 
 vitream Circen. Circe, es, f. A celebrated en- 
 chantress, of the Island of JEea, whom Ulysses 
 visited on his return from Troy. She became 
 enamoured of the hero, who, for one whole year, 
 forgot his glories, amid the pleasures with which 
 she surrounded him. He had a son by her, 
 named Telegonus, who was afterwards the un- 
 fortunate instrument of his father's death. 
 
 21. Lesbii. See Ode i. ver. 34. 
 
 22. Duces, for hauries : you will quaff, drink. 
 
 23. Thyoneus. Thyoneus, i, m. A name of Bacchus, 
 
 from his mother, Semele ; who was also called 
 Thyone. 
 
 24. metues suspecta. Will you fear to awake suspi- 
 
 cion. Suspectus, part, (from suspicior) sus- 
 pected. 
 
 25. Cyrum. Cyrus, i. m. A wanton and debauched 
 
 youth, who had treated Tyndaris with unmanly 
 rudeness. 
 male dispart. On you, who are very unequal to 
 him. Dispar, aris, adj. Unequal. 
 27. Scindat. Scindo, ere, scidi, scissum, act. To cut, 
 to rend, to tear away. 
 
50 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 ODE XVIII. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 1. FARE. Quintilius Varus was a common friend of 
 
 Horace and Virgil. Horace laments his death in 
 Ode xxiv. infra. 
 sevens. Sero, ere, sevi, satum, act. To sow, to plant. 
 
 2. Catili. Catilus, i, m. The brother of Tiburnus, 
 
 whom he assisted in building Tibur. 
 
 3. siccis, for sobriis. 
 
 4. mor daces, mordax, acis, adj. Biting, corroding. 
 solicitudines. Sohcitudo, mis, f. Care, anxiety. 
 
 5. Crepat, Crepo, are. To talk of. 
 
 8. Centaurea cum Lapithis rixce. The battle of the 
 
 Centaurs andLapithse, at the banquet of Pirithous 
 and Hippodamia, in consequence of immoderate 
 drinking. It is elegantly described by Ovid ; Me- 
 tam. book xii. ver. 210. Rixa, ae, f. Strife, quar- 
 rel, a drunken tumult. 
 
 9. Sithoniis. Sithonii, orum, m, pi. The Thracians. 
 
 Sithonia was that part of Thrace, which lies be- 
 tween Mount Hsemus and the Danube. 
 Evius. Evius, i, m. Bacchus. He was so called from 
 the words with which Jupiter encouraged him in 
 the war with the Giants ; ev vU 3 well done, my son. 
 
 10. Cum fas atque nefas, $c. When they distinguish 
 
 right and wrong (only) by a narrow boundary. 
 libidinum avidi. Immoderate in their passions.— 
 Libido, dinis, f. Lust, sensuality. 
 
 1 1 . Bassareu. Bassareus was a name of Bacchus, from 
 
 the Hebrew Batsar, to press, and prepare grapes 
 for use. 
 
BOOK I. ODE XVIII. 51 
 
 VERSE 
 
 12. quatiam, for moveam. The Antients, upon their fes- 
 
 tivals, removed the statues of the Deities from 
 the niches in which they usually stood, and car- 
 ried them in procession. This was called com- 
 movere sacra, 
 obsita. (understand sacra.) The poet means to 
 say, allegorically, that he will not betray the se- 
 crets which are entrusted to him over his wine. 
 Obsitus, part, (from obseror) covered. 
 
 13. divum. divum and dium, i, n. The open air. 
 Berecyntio. As the timbrels and cornets, which 
 
 were used at the feasts of Cybele, were also 
 sounded in the festivals of Bacchus, Horace 
 calls them Berecynthian, from the name of a 
 mountain in Phrygia, where that goddess was 
 worshipped. 
 
 14. Tympana. Tympanum, i, n. A drum, a tabour, 
 
 a timbrel. 
 Amor sui. Self-love. Amor, oris, m. Love. 
 
 15. Gloria. Gloria, se, f. Glory; here, vanity; glo- 
 
 riosa jactantia. 
 
 16. Arcani prodiga. Prodigal of secrets ; i.e. given 
 
 to divulge them. Arcanum, i. n. a secret. 
 Fides. Fides, ei, f. Faith. Used here in a bad sense, 
 
 to signify indiscretion, 
 perlucidior vitro. More transparent than glass. — Vi- 
 
 trum, i, n. Glass. 
 
 d2 
 
52 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 ODE XIX. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 1. SMVA. Saevus, a, um, adj. Cruel, wanton, piti- 
 
 less. 
 
 2. Thebance Semeles puer. Bacchus : see Ode vii. 
 
 ver. 3. 
 
 3. Lasciva. Lascivus, a, um, adj. Wanton, lascivious. 
 Licentia. Licentia, se, f. Licence, licentiousness, 
 
 sensuality. — (Otium, quod in lasciviam semper 
 resolvitur.) 
 
 4. finitis. which I had finished. Finitus, part, (from 
 
 ftnior.) Finished, discontinued. 
 
 5. Glycerce. Glycera, se, f. A fictitious name, given 
 
 by Horace to his mistress, whom he had for some 
 time forsaken. 
 nitor. nitor, oris, m. Brightness, beauty. 
 
 6. Patio marmore. The marble of Paros, one of the 
 
 Cyclades, (see Ode iv. ver. 20.) was remarkable 
 for its purity. — Marmor, oris, n. Marble. 
 
 7. protervitas. protervitas, atis, f. Coyness, coquetting. 
 
 8. lubricus. Liibricus, a, um, adj. Properly, slippery; 
 
 here, shining, dazzling. 
 aspici. Aspicior, ci, ectus, pass. To be looked upon. 
 
 10. Scythas, Scythae, arum, m, pi. The Scythians 
 
 were the inhabitants of the northern parts of 
 Europe and Asia. 
 
 1 1 . ver sis equis, (all. abs.J The Parthians shot their 
 
 arrows behind them, while they fled at full speed, 
 which was said to render their flight more formi- 
 dable than their attacks. Versus, part, (from 
 vertor.) Turned. 
 
BOOK I. ODE XX. 53 
 
 VERSE 
 
 13. vivum cespitem. Living, i. e. Green turf, with 
 
 which, and various herbs and flowers, the altars 
 of Venus were covered. Cespes, pitis, m. Turf, 
 grass. 
 
 14. Verbenas, Verbena, ae, f. Vervain; any sacred 
 
 herb. The myrtle, as sacred to Venus. 
 tura. tus, or thus, uris, n. Frankincense. 
 
 15. Bimi. BImus, a, um, adj. Two years old. 
 patera. Patera, ae, f. A cup, a goblet, a bowl. 
 
 16. Hostia. Hostia, se, f. A victim, a sacrifice. 
 veniet, for fiet. (understand Glycera.) 
 lenior. (compar.) lenis, e, adj. Gentle, kind. 
 
 ODE XX. 
 
 VILE Sabinum. This was a very light wine, 
 made from the grapes which grew in the country 
 of the Sabines. That of Horace was perhaps 
 very new, as it does not appear that old wine of 
 this kind was particularly cheap. — Vilis, e, adj. 
 cheap. 
 
 modicis. modicus, a, um, adj. Moderate, sober. — 
 Horace does not refer to the size of the cup, but 
 the quantity of wine which should be taken. 
 
 Cantharis. Cantharus, i, m. Properly, the cup 
 used in the festivals of Bacchus : any cup or jug. 
 
 Grcecd testa. In a Grecian cask. The Antients 
 
 kept their wine in earthen vessels, of which those 
 
 from Greece were of a superior kind. The cask 
 
 was smeared with pitch, and the date of the vint- 
 
 d3 
 
54 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 age preserved on it, either by the name of the 
 Consul, or some particular occurrence, which had 
 taken place at the time : in the present case, by 
 the plaudits which Maecenas had received in the 
 theatre. 
 
 3. Conditum. Conditus, part, (from condor) Inclosed. 
 levi. Lino, ere, lini, livi, and levi, litum. To anoint, 
 to besmear. 
 
 5. paterni. Paternus, a, um. Paternal. — The ancestors 
 of Maecenas were kings of Etruria, where the 
 Tiber has its source. 
 
 7. Vaticani. One of the hills on which Rome was built, 
 
 so called from the answers of the Vates, or Pro- 
 phets, which used to be given there. It is now 
 the site of the Pope's palace, St. Peter's church, 
 and the Vatican library. 
 
 8. Imago. See Ode xii. ver. 4. 
 
 9. Ccecubum. A town of Campania, famous for its 
 
 wine. This wine was chiefly reserved for liba- 
 tions and festal entertainments. (Book 3. Ode 
 xxviii. ver. 1 ; and Epod. ix. ver. 1.) 
 Caleno. Calenus, a, um, adj. Of Calenum, a town 
 of Campania, as were also Falernum and Formiae ; 
 — celebrated for the richness of their wines. 
 
 10. Tu bibes. You shall drink (these wines) either at 
 
 home, or at my house, if you will bring them. 
 
 11. Temperant. Tempero, are, act. To temper, to 
 
 relish. 
 
BOOK I. ODE XXI. 55 
 
 ODE XXI. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 1. D I AN AM. See Ode xii. ver. 22. 
 
 Dicite. Dico, ere, xi, ctum, act. To say, to sing, 
 to celebrate. 
 
 2. Intonsum Cynthium. Cynthus was a very high moun- 
 
 tain, said to overshadow the whole Island of 
 Delos, the birth-place of Apollo and Diana, the 
 offspring of Latona, by Jupiter, (v. 5.) Hence 
 they were called Cynthius and Cynthia. — Inton- 
 sus, part, (from intondeor.) Unshorn, unshaven. 
 Apollo was always represented as a tall beard- 
 less youth, exceedingly handsome, and with a 
 bow, or a lyre, in his hand. 
 
 3. supremo, siipremus, a, um, adj. (superlat.) Highest, 
 
 mightiest. 
 
 4. Dilectam. DUectus, part, (from diligor) Beloved, 
 
 favoured. 
 periitus, adv. Thoroughly, very much. 
 
 5. Lcetam. (understand Dianam.) 
 
 Nemorum Coma* The leaves of trees, (by analogy.) 
 Coma, ae, f. properly, the hair of the head. Ne- 
 mus, oris, n. A wood, a forest. 
 
 6. Qucecunque. (understand Coma.) 
 
 prominet. Prommeo, ere, ui, n. To hang over, to 
 
 overspread. 
 Algldo. Algidum, i, n. A mountain sacred to 
 
 Diana ; as were also Erymantlius and Cragus. 
 
 9. Tempe. See Ode vii. ver. 4. 
 
 10. Natalem. Natalis, e, adj. Natal, native. See 
 
 ver. 2. 
 
 d4 
 
56 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 12. Fraternd, Given to him by his brother, Mercury, 
 
 who was the inventor of the lyre. — Fraternus, 
 a, urn, adj. Of, or belonging to, a brother. 
 (See also ver. 2.) 
 
 13. Famem. Fames, is, f. Hunger, dearth, famine, 
 
 scarcity. 
 15. Persas atque Britannos, i.e. to the farthest extre- 
 mities of the empire, east and west. 
 
 ODE XXII. 
 
 1. INTEGER. Integer, gra, grum, adj. Upright, 
 
 innocent, unstained. 
 sceleris. Seelus, eris, n. Wickedness, impiety, guilt, 
 sin. 
 
 2. eget. egeo, ere, ui. To want, to require, to need. 
 
 3. venenatis sagittis. The darts of the Africans were 
 
 poisoned with a mixture of viper's and human 
 blood, which was said to be incurable, for the pur- 
 pose of defending themselves from wild beasts. 
 
 4. gravida pharetra. A quiver full. — Gravidus, a, urn, 
 
 adj. Heavy, weighty, full. — Pharetra, se, f. A 
 quiver, or case for arrows. 
 Fusee. Aristius Fuscus was a friend of Horace, of 
 great poetical talents, powerful eloquence, and cri- 
 tical sagacity. Horace inscribes this Ode to him, 
 as a man of unimpeached integrity and sterling 
 virtue. 
 
 5. Syrtes cestuosas. The Syrtes were dangerous sand- 
 
 banks in the Mediterranean, off the coast of Africa, 
 
ODE I. BOOK XXII. 57 
 
 VERSE 
 
 near Leptis and Carthage. It is probable that 
 the burning sandy deserts of Africa are here in- 
 tended. 
 
 7. Caucasum. Caucasus, i, m. A mountain, or rather 
 
 a chain of mountains, in Asia, between the Euxine 
 and Caspian Seas. 
 fabulosus. Fabiilosus, a, um, adj. Fabulous, ro- 
 mantic. 
 
 8. lambit. Lambo, ere, bi, and bui, itum. To lick, to 
 
 flow by, or between ; to water. 
 Hydaspes. Hydaspes, is, m. A river in India, 
 probably the same as the Ganges. 
 
 10. Lalagen. Lalage, es, f. A fictitious name which 
 
 Horace gives to his mistress. 
 
 1 1 . expeditis ; an hypallage for expeditus. — Expeditus, 
 
 part, (from expedior) Freed, relieved, discharged. 
 
 12. inermem. Although I was unarmed; (my inno- 
 
 cence was my protection.) — Inermis, e, adj. 
 Unarmed, without arms, defenceless. 
 
 14. Daunias. Daunias, se, f. Part of Apulia. 
 cesculetis, or esculetis. Esculetum, i, n. A grove 
 
 of beech trees, (from Esciilus, i, f. a beech.) 
 Any grove, (by Synecdoche.) 
 
 15. Jubce. Jiiba, se, m. A king of Mauritania, or 
 
 Numidia. 
 
 16. arida. Aridus, a, um, adj. Dry, parched, barren. 
 
 17. pigris. Piger, gra, grum, adj. Inactive, benumb- 
 
 ed, (obfrigus), frozen. 
 
 18. cestivd. iEstivus, a, um, adj. Of, or relating to, 
 
 summer ; warm. 
 
 19. latus. Latus, eris, n. A climate, (properly, a side,. 
 
 d5 
 
58 CLAVIS HOHATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 &c.) — Quod latus mundi, L e. Quam partem 
 mundi. 
 nebulce. Nebula, ae, f. A cloud, a fog, a mist. 
 Malus Juppiter. An inclement atmosphere; by 
 metonyme. See Ode i. ver. 25. 
 
 21. propinqui. Propinquus, a, um, adj. Near, neigh- 
 bouring, vertical. 
 
 25. Dulce ridentem, fyc. These two lines are a beau- 
 tiful imitation, or rather translation, of a passage 
 in the Greek poetess, Sappho. — Dulcis, e, adj. 
 Sweet, delightful, pleasant, (used adverbially.) 
 
 ODE XXIII. 
 
 1. HINNULEO. Hinnuleus, i, m. A young hind, 
 
 a fawn. 
 Chloe. Chloe, es, f. A fictitious appellation. 
 
 2. pavidam. Pavidus, a, um, adj. Timid, fearful. 
 aviis. Avius, a, um, adj. Pathless, impassable, 
 
 inaccessible. 
 
 3. vano. Vanus, a, um, adj. Vain, foolish, silly. 
 
 4>. aurarum. Aura, se, f. A breath of wind, a gentle 
 breeze. 
 
 5. Mobilibus veris, §c. An hypallage, for mobilia folia 
 
 ver is adventu inhorruerunt. The trembling leaves 
 have rustled on the approach of spring. 
 
 6. rubum. Rub us, bi, m, or f. A bramble, a bush, a 
 
 brake. 
 
 7. dimovere. Dimoveo, ere, ovi, otum ; act. Tore- 
 
 move ; to move or stir. 
 
BOOK I. ODE XXIV. 59 
 
 TERSE 
 
 Lacertce. Lacerta, ae, f. A lizard, a newt. 
 
 9. tigris. Tigris, is, and idis, f. A tiger. 
 
 aspera. Asper, era, erum, adj. Savage, fierce, 
 violent. 
 
 10. Gcetulus. Gaetulus, a, um, adj. Gaetulian, i.e. 
 
 African. Gcetulia was a part of Africa, beyond 
 Numidla. 
 frangere. To destroy, to devour, to tear in pieces, 
 frango, ere, fregi, fractum, act. To break, to de- 
 stroy. 
 12. Te?npestiva viro. Fit for a husband ; old enough to 
 be married. Among the Greeks and Romans, 
 the young women rarely appeared in public till 
 they were married, and always in the company 
 of their mothers. 
 
 ODE XXIV. 
 
 1. MODUS. Modus, i, m. Measure, moderation. 
 
 o 
 
 Capitis, for Hominis. The sense is : Quapropter 
 nos pudeat immoderati oh tarn carum hominem 
 desiderii. 
 
 prcecipe. Prsecipio, ere, cepi, ceptum, act. To in- 
 struct, to teach, to direct. 
 
 lugubres. Lugubris, e, adj. Mournful, lamentable. 
 {Lug. cantus, an elegy.) 
 
 Melpomene. Melpomene, es, f. One of the Muses, 
 who presided over tragedy, and mournful poetry. 
 
 liquidam. Liquidus, a, um, adj. Clear, melting, 
 tuneful. 
 
 d6 
 
CO CLAV1S HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 5. Quinttlium. Quintilius Varus. See Ode xviii. ver. 1. 
 
 6. Urguet, i. e. Constrictum retinet. 
 
 7. nuda. Nudus, a, um, adj. Naked; sincere, undis- 
 
 guised. 
 
 8. parem. (Similem.) Par, paris, adj. Like, simi- 
 
 lar, equal. 
 
 9. occidit. Occido, ere, idi, casum, n. To fall, to die, 
 
 to set fas the sun. J 
 fiebilis. Fiebilis, e, adj. Bewailed, lamented. 
 11. Non ita creditum. Not granted to us in such a 
 manner, that we should expect to keep him 
 among us for ever. — Creditus, part, (from credor) 
 Trusted, granted. 
 
 13. Orplteo. See Ode xii. ver. 8. 
 
 14. moderere. Moderor, ari, dep. To moderate, rule, 
 
 to tune sweetly. 
 
 15. vance. (inani umbrae, animae incorporese Quintilii.) 
 
 Vanus, a, um. Empty, shadowy, unsubstantial. 
 sanguis, (i. e. vita.) Sanguis, is, m. Blood, life. 
 
 16. virga. See Ode x. ver. 18. 
 
 17. Nonlenis, &c. Not sufficiently gentle to reverse 
 
 the fates, in compliance with our prayers. 
 
 19. levius. (Tolerabilius.) Levis, e, adj. Light, easy. 
 patientia. Patientia, ae, f. Patience, resignation. 
 
 20. corrigere. Corrigo, ere, exi, ectum, act. To cor- 
 
 rect, to amend. 
 nefas. (indec.) Impossible : properly, wickedness. 
 (Quicquid non est possibile, non licet.) 
 
BOOK I. ODE XXV. 61 
 
 ODE xxv: 
 
 VERSE 
 
 1. PARCIUS. compar. (rarius.) Parce, adv. Rarely, 
 
 seldom. 
 junctas. (clausas.) Junctus, part, (from jungor.) 
 
 Shut, closed, fastened. 
 quatiunt. Batter, strike,— Quatio is a war term, 
 
 applied to battering or storming a town. 
 fenestras. Fenestra, se, f. A window, a lattice. 
 
 2. ictibus. Ictus, us, m. A blow, a knock, a rap, a 
 
 stroke. 
 protervi. Protervus, a, um, adj. Wanton, impu- 
 dent, amorous. 
 
 3. adimunt. Adimo, ere, emi, ptum, act. To take 
 
 away, to disturb. 
 amatque Janua limen. Thy door loves its threshold. 
 In Greece and Italy, the young rakes furnished 
 themselves with iron bars, which they employed 
 in forcing the doors of their mistresses. — Limen, 
 inis, n. A threshold, an entry. 
 
 5. facilis. facilis, e, adj. Easy. — (Facilis, quia cre- 
 
 bro aperiebatur.) 
 
 6. cardines. Cardo, mis, m. A hinge. 
 
 7. Me tuo, &c. These words are part of a serenade, 
 
 called by the Greeks irapaK\av<rL$vpov 9 because it 
 was chaunted while the doors and windows were 
 shut. 
 pereunte. (prae amore scilicet et frigore.) Pereo, 
 ire, ii, itum, n. To perish, to die. 
 
 8. dormis? Dormio, Ire, itum, n. To sleep, to be 
 
 asleep. 
 
62 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 9. invicem arrogantes. Disdainful in their turn. — 
 
 Arrogans, tis, part, and adj. Arrogant, haughty, 
 
 disdainful. 
 mcechos. Moechus, i, m. A gallant, a lover. 
 anus. Anus, us, f. An old woman, a dowager. 
 
 10. solo, (obscuro). Solus, a, urn, adj. Solitary, ob- 
 
 scure. 
 
 Levis. Levis, adj. Light, wanton ; dr, lightly 
 dressed. 
 
 angiportu. Angiportus, us, m. An alley, a nar- 
 row way. 
 
 11. Tkrecio. (understand vento). The N. E. wind, 
 
 blowing from Thrace. 
 bacchante. Bacchor, ari, dep. To blow furiously. 
 
 It properly means that sort of wild fury, which 
 
 possessed the priests of Bacchus. 
 interlunia. Interlunium, ii, n. The change of the 
 
 moon : between an old and new moon, the wind 
 
 is generally most tempestuous. 
 
 13. jlagrans. (furiosus.) Flagrans, tis, part, and adj. 
 
 Burning, raging, violent. 
 
 14. furiare. Furio, are, act. To madden, to inflame. 
 
 15. sceviet. Ssevio, ire, Ivi, and ii, itum, n. To rage, 
 
 to be violent. 
 jecur. J£cur, oris, and jecinoris, n. The liver. 
 ulcerosum. Ulcerosus, a, um, adj. Ulcerated, 
 blistered, full of sores. 
 
 17. puhes. Piibes, is, f. The youth, young men. 
 virenti. Virens, tis, part (from vireo). Flourish- 
 ing, green. 
 
 18. pulld. (Pullus color est aridarum frondium.) 
 
 Pullus, a, um, adj. Brown, discoloured, dingy. 
 
BOOK 1. ODE XXVI. 63 
 
 VERSE 
 
 — The sense is: Non sine questu, quod Lceta 
 pubes magis gaudeat virenti hedera atque myrto 
 quam pulld hedera atque myrto. 
 
 19. dedicet. Dedico, are, act. To dedicate, conse- 
 
 crate, or devote. 
 
 20. Euro. The more approved reading is, Hebro. 
 
 The Heber was a river of Thrace, which the An- 
 tients regarded as the seat of winter; and is 
 naturally introduced by the poet, who has just 
 been mentioning that country. 
 
 ODE XXVI. 
 
 1. MUSIS, &c. Musa, se, f. A muse. The order 
 
 is : Ego Horatius, amicus musts, tradam tristitiam 
 et metus protervis ventis portare in Creticum mare. 
 
 2. mare Creticum. The Cretan Sea ; that part of the 
 
 Mediterranean Sea N. of Crete. 
 
 3. Arcto. Arctus, i, f. The constellation of the Great 
 
 Bear, near the North Pole. 
 
 4. metuatur. pass. Metuo, ere, ui, utum, act. To fear. 
 orce. Ora, ae, f. A region, a climate, a shore, a 
 
 country. 
 
 5. Tiridatem. Tiridates, is, m. Tiridates had suc- 
 
 ceeded to the throne of Parthia, upon the de- 
 thronement of the tyrant Phraates. About four 
 years afterwards, the latter was restored by the 
 Scythians ; and Tiridates placed himself under 
 the protection of Augustus, taking with him the 
 son of Phraates. In 731, Phraates sent an em- 
 8 
 
64 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 bassy to Augustus, promising to give back the 
 trophies which had been taken from the Romans, 
 if he would yield up his son and Tiridates. This 
 Ode was written at this time. Augustus restored 
 the son of Phraates, but honourably retained 
 Tiridates. 
 
 7. apricos. Apricus, a, um, adj. Sunny, exposed to 
 
 the sun, beautiful, 
 necte. Necto, ere, xui, and xi, xum, act. To weave, 
 to bind, to wreathe. 
 
 8. Lamice. iElius Lamia was a Roman knight, whose 
 
 character is thus drawn by Cicero : — " Vir summo 
 splendore, summa gratia ; nullo prorsus plus no- 
 mine delector." See book 3. odexvii. ver. 1. 
 
 9. Pimplcea. O muse. — Pimpla was a mountain of 
 
 Macedonia, sacred to the Muses. 
 
 10. Jidibus novis. From a similar expression of Ana- 
 
 creon, (Ode 1.) it should seem that the poets 
 changed the strings of their lyres when they 
 celebrated any extraordinary occurrences. Per- 
 haps, however, the expression alludes simply to 
 a change of subject. 
 
 11. Lesbio. See Ode i. ver. 84. 
 
 sacrare. Sacro, are, act. To consecrate, cele- 
 brate, solemnize. 
 
 plectro. Plectrum, i, n. A quill, or bow, with 
 which to strike the strings of musical instru- 
 ments. 
 
BOOK I. ODE XXVII. 65 
 
 ODE XXVII. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 1. LMTITIJE. Laetitia, ae, f. Joy, gladness, mirth, 
 
 merriment, jollity. 
 scyphis. Scyphus, i, m. A drinking bowl, or jug; 
 [properly, the cup of Hercules.) 
 
 2. Thracum est. It is the custom of Thracians, who 
 
 were notoriously quarrelsome over their liquor. 
 
 3. verecundum, &c. An hypallage, for, Prohibite a 
 
 Baccho sanguineas rixas. Sanadon says, that 
 Horace was at an entertainment, when a dispute 
 began to inflame some of the company, already 
 heated with wine. Instead of endeavouring to 
 restore peace by grave advice and sober reason- 
 ing, he makes them a gay proposal of drowning 
 all quarrels in a bumper. 
 
 5. lucernis. Lucerna, ae, f. A lamp, a candle. It is 
 
 here used for nocturnal feastings. 
 acinaces. Acinaces, is, m. A scimitar, or faul- 
 chion, a sabre. 
 
 6. Immane quantum. How monstrously. (Admirando 
 
 dicit.) 
 discrepat. Discrepo, are, n. To disagree, to vary, 
 to differ. 
 
 7. Unite. Lenio, Ire, act. To mitigate, appease, hush ; 
 
 to restrain, or moderate. 
 
 8. cubito presso. Leaning on your elbow, so that you 
 
 may not rise up to fight. The Romans always 
 had large couches, like beds, on which they lay 
 at full length, instead of setting, as we do, at their 
 meals. 
 
66 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 9. vultis. Volo, vis, velle, n. To wish, to be willing, 
 
 to desire. 
 seven. Severus, a, um, adj. Strong, heady. 
 
 10. Opuntice Megillce. Megilla was a celebrated beauty 
 
 at Rome, a native of Opus, a city of Locris. 
 Horace distinguishes the youth whom he ad- 
 dresses, by the name of his sister, as being bet- 
 ter known than himself. 
 
 13. alia mercede. Upon any other condition. — Merces, 
 
 edis, f. A recompence, wages. 
 
 14. domat. Domo, are, act. To rule, tame, vanquish. 
 
 15. erubescendis. Eriibesco, cere, n. To be ashamed, 
 
 to blush, to colour. 
 
 16. ingenuo amove peccas. You indulge an honourable 
 
 love. — Those who intrigued with slaves, were 
 looked upon as men of sordid characters.— 
 Pecco, are, act, and neut. To sin, to err, to 
 transgress. 
 
 18. tutis auribus. Safe ears, that will never disclose a 
 
 secret. 
 
 19. labor abas. Laboro, are, act. To labour, to be 
 
 oppressed, to be in danger. 
 Charybdi. Charybdis, is, f. A celebrated whirl- 
 pool, on the coast of Sicily, opposite to the fa- 
 mous rock Scylla, on that of Italy. 
 
 21. saga. Saga, ae, f. A witch, a sorceress, a hag. 
 
 22. Venenis. Venenum, i, n. properly poison ; also, 
 
 magical herbs. — Charms, witchcraft; for their 
 skill in which the Thessalians were remarkable. 
 
 23. Illigatum. Illigatus, part, (from Illigor.) Bound, 
 
 fastened. 
 
BOOK 1. ODE XXVIII. 67 
 
 VERSE 
 
 24. Pegasus, Pegasus, i, m. The winged horse of 
 Bellerophon, upon which he attacked and con- 
 quered the Chimcera, a fabulous monster, with 
 the head of a lion, the tail of a serpent, and the 
 body of a goat, hence called Triformis. Chi- 
 msera was really a mountain of Lycia, infested 
 by lions on its summit, and by serpents at its 
 foot, while the middle was fed by goats. — Tri- 
 formis, e, adj. Three-formed. 
 
 ODE XXVIII. 
 
 1. TE MARIS, &c. The order is— Archyta, parva 
 
 munera pulveris exigui cohibent te, mensorem maris, 
 et terrce, arenceque carentis numero, prope littus 
 Matinum : i.e. The want of a small present of a 
 little dust confines you near the shore of Matina. 
 — The souls of the unburied dead were supposed 
 to wander for a hundred years on the banks of the 
 Styx, before they were permitted to cross the 
 river, and enter the Elysian fields. 
 numero carentis. Without number, innumerable. — 
 Carens, tis, part, (from careo) wanting. 
 
 2. Mensorem. Mensor, oris, m. A measurer, a sur- 
 
 veyor. 
 Archyta. Archytas, se, m. The son of Histiaeus, 
 and a celebrated astronomer and geometrician 
 of Tarentum, and a follower of the Pythagorean 
 philosophy, which the poet ridicules in this Ode, 
 
68 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 TERSE 
 
 in a dialogue between a sailor and the ghost of 
 the philosopher. He was shipwrecked off the 
 coast of Matina, in Apulia, B. C. 394. 
 
 5. aerias. Aerius, a, um, adj. Airy, high, celestial, 
 
 aerial. 
 tentasse. Tento, are, freq. To try or prove, to 
 
 tempt, to explore. 
 rotundum. Rotundus, a, um, adj. Round, circular, 
 
 globular, spherical. 
 
 6. Percurrisse. Percurro, ere, ri, act. and neut. To 
 
 run over, to explore. 
 polum. Polus, i, m. The pole, the heavens. 
 morituro. Since you were doomed to die. — (Morta- 
 
 lium condition! subjecto.) Morior, mori, dep. 
 
 neut. To die. 
 
 7. Occidit, &c. The mariner speaks the first six lines ; 
 
 Archytas answers him : " No wonder that I, a 
 mere mathematician and philosopher, am dead ; 
 when even Tantalus, and the others, who sat at 
 the feasts of the Celestials, have perished." 
 Pelopis genitor. Tantalus, the son of Jupiter, and 
 king of Lydia, was the father of Pelops. Being 
 honoured by the presence of the Gods at a feast, 
 he set before them the limbs of his son Pelops, 
 whom he had cruelly murdered, for which he was 
 condemned to the miseries of Tartarus. 
 
 8. Tithonus. Tithonus, i, m. Son of Laomedon, king 
 
 of Troy. He became the husband of Aurora, and 
 was carried by her into heaven. Hence, remotus 
 in Auras. 
 
 9. Minos. A celebrated king of Crete, of inflexible 
 
 justice and integrity ; whence he was appointed 
 
BOOK I. ODE XXVIII. 69 
 
 VERSE 
 
 one of the judges in the infernal regions after his 
 death. 
 Habent. The mariner now speaks. 
 
 10. Tartara. Tartara, orum, n, pi. The place of pu- 
 
 nishment in the infernal regions. — It seems to be 
 put here by Catachresis, for Elysium. 
 
 Panthoiden, iterum orco demissum. Panthoides, 
 is, m. Pythagoras, a philosopher of Samos, who 
 asserted the doctrine of the transmigration of 
 souls, which he endeavoured to substantiate by 
 declaring, that he had fought in the Trojan war, 
 under the name of Euphorbus, the son of Pan- 
 thus. He claimed the shield which Menelaus 
 had taken from that hero, and which was placed 
 in the temple of Juno, at Argos. He died at 
 Metapontum, B. C. 497. 
 
 Orco. Orcus, i, m. The infernal regions. 
 
 11. clypeo. Clypeus, i, m. A shield, a buckler, a 
 
 target. 
 refixo. Refixus, part. Unfixed, taken down. 
 
 13. nervos. (Here put for the body.) Nervus, i, m. 
 
 A nerve, or sinew. 
 cutem. (Here put for the flesh.) Cutis, is, f. The 
 
 skin. 
 concesserat. Concedo, ere, ssi, act. To yield, to 
 
 give place. 
 atrce. Ater, tra, um, adj. Black, dismal, dark, 
 
 gloomy, mournful. 
 
 14. judice te. Here Archytas answers the sailor, and 
 
 continues throughout the Ode. 
 non sordidus auctor. No mean judge. — Sordidus, 
 a, um, adj. Sordid, mean. 
 
70 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 16. calcanda. Calcandus, part, (a calco.) To be trod- 
 
 den, to be pressed. 
 
 17. Furice. Furise, arum, f, pi. The Furies. They 
 
 were infernal deities, of uncertain origin, and 
 three in number, by name, Alecto, Megaera, and 
 Tisiphone. The Antients ascribed to them and 
 Bellona the origin of war and slaughter. 
 
 torvo. Torvus, a, um, adj. Stern, horrid, grim.. 
 
 Marti. Mars, tis, m. The son of Jupiter and 
 Juno, and the god of war. 
 
 19. densantur. Denso,are,act. To thicken, to multiply. 
 funera. Funus, eris, n. Death, a funeral. 
 
 20. Proserpina fugit. The Antients believed that no 
 
 person could die until Proserpine or Atropos had 
 cut off a lock of his hair. See Virg. iEneid, 
 b. iv. ver. 698. — Proserpina, ae, f. The wife of 
 Pluto, and the queen of Hell. 
 
 21. devexi. Sinking, setting, declining. — Devexus, part. 
 
 (from Devehor.) 
 
 comes. Comes, itis, c. g. A companion, a col- 
 league, or partner. 
 
 Ononis. Orion, onis, m. A constellation, the 
 rising and setting of which is attended with bois- 
 terous and stormy weather. Virgil calls it, 
 aquosum and nimbosum. 
 
 22. Illyricis undis. That part of the Adriatic, near the 
 
 coast of Illyricum. 
 2$. parce. Parco, ere, peperci, parsum, act. To spare, 
 to refuse. 
 
 24. inhumato. Inhumatus, a, um, adj. Unburied. 
 
 25, partkulam, Particula, se, f. A particle, a small 
 
 portion. 
 
BOOK I. ODE XXVIII. 71 
 
 VERSE 
 
 minabitur. Minor, ari, dep. To threaten, menace. 
 Eurus. Eurus, i, m. The east wind. 
 
 26. Hesperiis. Hesperius, a, um, adj. Hesperian, Ita- 
 
 lian. Hesperia is a name given to Italy, from Hes- 
 perus, the evening star, because it was situated in 
 the west, where the star appears. For a similar 
 reason, the Latins applied the name to Spain. 
 Vcnusince. Venusinus, a, um, adj. Venusia, or 
 Venusium, was a city of Apulia, where Horace 
 was born. 
 
 27. plectantur. Plecto, ere, act. Properly, to twist, 
 
 or twine : here, to disturb, to shatter. 
 sospite. Sospes, ids, adj. Safe, prosperous, pre- 
 served. 
 
 29. Tarenti. Tarentum, i, n. A town of Calabria, 
 
 where the worship of Neptune was particularly 
 attended to. 
 
 30. Negligis. (leve putas.) Negligo, ere, exi, ctum, 
 
 act. To neglect, to hesitate. The order is — 
 Negligis committere fraudem postmodo nocituram 
 natis (ex) te immeritis, — Postmodo, adv. After- 
 wards. 
 nocituram. Noceo, ere, ui, itum, act. To injure, 
 hurt, harm, annoy. 
 
 32. vices. Vicis, is, f. Change of fortune, vicissitude. 
 
 33. linquar. Linquo, ere, act. To leave, quit, forsake. 
 
 34. piacula. Piaculum, i, n. The atonement by which 
 
 a crime or fault is expiated. (The imprecations 
 of an injured person were greatly dreaded by the 
 Antients.) 
 36. injecto. Injectus, part, (from injicior.) Cast over, 
 in, or upon. 
 
72 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 ter. adv. Thrice, three times. The custom here 
 alluded to, is in use at the present day. In the 
 burial service of our Church, the earth is thrown 
 three times upon the coffin. 
 
 ODE XXIX. 
 
 1. ICCL (voc. case.) Iccius, ii, m. In the expedi- 
 
 tion which Augustus, tempted by the riches of 
 Sabaea, (v. 3.) a town of Arabia, set on foot 
 against the Arabs, A.U.C. 729, Iccius was em- 
 ployed under iElius Gallus, who commanded. 
 He was a man of great literary attainments ; and 
 Horace laughs at him for abandoning his philo- 
 sophical pursuits, with the view of obtaining 
 military honours. — An extraordinary sickness 
 among the soldiers caused the failure of the ex- 
 pedition. 
 
 beatis, i. e. opulentis. Rich, excellent. 
 
 Arabum. Arabus, a, urn, adj. Arabian ; of, or be- 
 longing to, Arabia. 
 
 2, gazis. Gaza, se, f. Wealth, riches, treasure. 
 paras. Paro, are, act. To prepare, to make ready, 
 
 to design. 
 
 5. nectis catenas. The Romans carried chains with 
 
 them when they went to battle, for the purpose of 
 binding their prisoners. — Necto, ere, xui, and xi, 
 xum, act. To bind, to fasten. 
 
 6. sponso. Sponsus, i, m. A lover, a suitor, a husband. 
 barbara. Barbarus, a, um, adj. Barbarous.— The 
 
BOOK I. ODE XXIX. 73 
 
 VERSE 
 
 Greeks and Romans called all nations, except them- 
 selves, Barbarians, 
 serviet. Servio, ire, ivi, itum, n. To serve, obey ; 
 to be a slave. — The Antients reduced the women 
 whom they took in war, to the situation of slaves ; 
 and compelled them to wait upon their conquerors. 
 
 7. Ex aula. In your hall. — Aula, ae, f. A hall, a pa- 
 lace, a prince's court. 
 
 S. statuetur. Statuo, ere, ui, utum, act. To place, to 
 station, to appoint. 
 unctis. Unctus, part, (from Unguo.) Anointed, per- 
 fumed. 
 
 10. Arcu paterno, i.e. Serico. From his paternal bow. 
 
 The Seres were a people on the banks of the 
 Ganges, bordering upon India. — The captives 
 were more valuable as slaves, in proportion to 
 the distance at which this country lay from 
 Rome. 
 
 11. pronos. Pronus, a, um, adj. Rapid, headlong. 
 relahi. Relabor, i, psus, dep. To flow back. — 
 
 The reflux of rivers to the mountains, was a 
 Greek proverb, to signify a great difficulty. 
 
 13. coemtos. Coemtus, part. Bought up, purchased. 
 
 14. Panceti. Panaatius, ii, m. A stoic philosopher, 
 
 and a native of Rhodes. He is mentioned by 
 Cicero, as the tutor of Laelius, and Scipio Afri- 
 canus. He flourished about B.C. 138. 
 Socraticam domum. The school of Socrates. Thus 
 the sects of the philosophers were called Fa- 
 milice. 
 
 15. loricis. Lorlca, ae, f. A coat of mail, armour. 
 
 u 
 
 Iberis. Iberus, a, um, adj. Spanish; of, or be- 
 s 
 
74 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 longing to, Spain : so called from the Iberus, a 
 celebrated river of that country. The Spanish 
 iron, used in the making of armour, was in great 
 estimation. 
 
 ODE XXX, 
 
 1 . GNIDI, Paphique. Gnidos or Cnidos, and Paphos, 
 
 were the two cities in which the Goddess of Love 
 was worshipped with the greatest solemnity : the 
 first in Caria t and the other in the Isle of Cyprus. 
 In her temple at Gnidos, there was a beautiful 
 statue of the goddess, executed by Praxiteles. 
 
 2. sperne. (relinque, desere.) Sperno, ere, sprevi, 
 
 etum, act. To despise, to leave, to desert. 
 Cypron. See Ode i. ver. 13. 
 et vocantis, &c. The order is — Et transfer in deco- 
 
 ram cedem Glycerce vocantis te multo cum thure. 
 
 4. cedem. iEdis, or iEdes, is, f. A house, a temple. 
 
 5. Fervidus Puer, i.e. Cupid. — Fervidus, a, um, adj. 
 
 Warm, ardent. 
 
 6. proper ent. Propero, are, act. and neut. To hasten, 
 
 to come quickly. 
 
 7. parum comis. Less elegant, less pleasing. — Comis, 
 
 e, adj. Comely, elegant. 
 Juventas. Youth: here put for the goddess of 
 youth, Hebe. 
 
BOOK I. ODE XXXI. 75 
 
 ODE XXXI. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 1. DEDICATUM. To whom a temple has been de- 
 
 dicated. — Augustus had dedicated a temple and a 
 library to Apollo, upon the Palatine Hill, to which 
 perhaps Horace alludes. Dedicatus, part, (from 
 Dedicor). Dedicated, consecrated. 
 
 2. novum liquorem. Wine first used in the dedication 
 
 of this temple. Liquor, oris, m. Liquor, wine. 
 
 3. opimas. Opimus, a, um, adj. Rich, fruitful. 
 
 4. Sardinia. Sardinia, ae, f. A large and productive 
 
 island in the Mediterranean^ from whence great 
 supplies of corn and fruit were imported to Rome. 
 
 segetes. Seges, itis, f. A crop of any thing ; stand- 
 ing corn, corn land. 
 
 feracis. Ferax, acis, adj. Fruitful, fertile. 
 
 5. Calabrice. Calabria, ae, f. The most southern part 
 
 of the kingdom of Naples. 
 
 6. armenta, Armentum, i, n. A herd of cattle, cattle. 
 ebur. Ebiir, oris, n. Ivory, for which India, which 
 
 abounded in elephants, was remarkable. See Virg. 
 Geo. i. ver. 57. 
 
 7. Liris. Liris, is, m. A running stream, which, in 
 
 its gentle course, passes between the country of 
 Latium and Campania. 
 
 8. mordet. mordeo, ere, momordi, morsum, act. To 
 
 bite, to eat away, to glide through. 
 
 9. Catena falce vitem. An hypallage ; for, Calenam 
 
 falce vitem. Vitis, is, f. A vine. 
 
 10. aureis culullus. Golden cups. — Ciilullus, i, m. A 
 
 pitcher, pot, or jug. 
 e2 
 
76 CLAV1S HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 1 1 . exsiccet, Exsicco, are, act. To make dry, to drink, 
 
 to quaff. 
 
 12. Syra reparata merce. Received in barter for Assy- 
 
 rian merchandize. The order is — Et dives mer- 
 cator, carus Diis ipsis, quippe ter et quater anno 
 impune revisens Atlanticum cequor, exsiccet aureis 
 culullis vina reparata merce Syra. — Reparo, are, 
 act. To repair, to recover, to compensate. 
 
 14. cequor Atlanticum, The Atlantic Ocean ; any ocean 
 
 or sea. 
 
 15. pascant. Pasco, ere, pavi, pastum, act. To feed, 
 
 to nourish. 
 
 16. cichorea. Cichoreum, i, n, The herb succory; 
 
 endive. 
 leves Malvce. Wholesome mallows. Leves, e, adj. 
 Light, easy of digestion. 
 
 17. valido. Validus, a, um, adj. Strong, healthy. 
 
 18. Lato'e. Apollo, the son of Latona. 
 
 20. degere. Dego, ere, act. To spend or pass, to live. 
 —An honourable old age, was thought by the 
 Antients to be a proof that youth was spent in the 
 practice of virtue. 
 
 ODE XXXII. 
 
 POSCIMUR. Posco, ere, poposci, act. To ask, de- 
 mand, require. — Augustus had commandedHorace 
 to write the Carmen Seculare, or an ode for some 
 other festival. The poet, sensible of an honour 
 which declared him to be the first lyric poet of his 
 
BOOK I. ODE XXXII. 77 
 
 V£RSE 
 
 age, here invokes his lyre to inspire him with 
 something worthy of such a mark of distinction, 
 and which might deserve the care and regard of 
 posterity. 
 
 2. lusimus. Ludo, ere, si, sum, act. To sport, to play. 
 
 3. plures. Plus, pluris, adj. (Compar. from multus.) 
 
 More, many more. 
 5. Lesbio civi. Alcseus. See Ode i. ver. 34. 
 
 modulate. Modulatus, part, (from modulor.) Tuned, 
 
 strung. 
 7. religdrat. Religo, are, act. To tie or bind, to 
 
 moor a vessel, to cast anchor. It has sometimes 
 
 an opposite sense ; to set sail. 
 
 10. Puerum. See Ode xxx. ver. 5. 
 
 11. Lycum. Lycus, i, m. A Grecian youth, of exqui- 
 
 site beauty, beloved by Alcaeus. 
 nigris oculis, &c. Black eyes and black hair were 
 considered a great beauty by the Antients. 
 
 13. dapibus. Daps,dapis, m. A feast, an entertainment. 
 
 14. Testudo. Mercury, having found the shell of a 
 
 tortoise, fitted it with strings, and thus obtained 
 the idea of that kind of music. Hence testudo 
 is used to signify a lyre, and Mercury is called 
 the inventor of it. See Ode x. ver. 6. 
 
 15. lenimen. Lenimen, inis, n. Solace, comfort, ease, 
 
 refreshment. 
 salve. Salve, (defect.) Hail ! be propitious. 
 
 16. Rite, adv. Formally, properly. This word is ge- 
 
 nerally applied to the external ordinances of 
 religion. 
 vocanti. Voco, are, act. To call, to call upon, to 
 invoke. 
 
 e 3 
 
78 CLAVIS HOEATIANA. 
 
 ODE XXXIII. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 1. ALBI. Albius Tibullus, a most delightful poet, 
 and the most beautiful writer of love elegies 
 among the Antients. Some of his works are still 
 extant; and their excellence may be appreciated, 
 in some degree, by a perusal of the imitations of 
 our own poet, Hammond. — He was a great friend 
 of Horace, who addressed this Ode to him, with 
 a view of removing his vexation for the incon- 
 stancy of his mistress Glycera. Tibullus was of a 
 good family ; and when Augustus divided his 
 estate among the soldiers, because he had favoured 
 the opposite party, he retired upon a small farm, 
 and spent the remainder of his life in rural tran- 
 quillity. 
 
 %x immitist Immitis, e, adj. Cruel, unkind. 
 
 miserabiles. Miserabilis, e, adj. Mournful, lament- 
 able, melancholy. 
 
 3. decantes. Decanto, are, act. To sing, to repeat, to 
 
 chaunt. 
 elegos. Elegus, i, m. An elegy. 
 Tibi junior prcemteat. A younger man is preferred 
 
 to you. — Prsemteo, ere, ui, n. To outshine, to 
 
 excel in brightness, to be preferred. 
 
 4. Icesajide. To the ruin of her honour. — Laesus, part. 
 
 (from Lcedor.) Hurt, injured. 
 
 5. tenui f route. A low forehead. — The Antients ad- 
 
 mired a low forehead, and therefore concealed a 
 part of it by a fillet. Frons, tis, m, and f. The 
 forehead. 
 
BOOK I. ODE XXXIII. 79 
 
 VERSE 
 
 Lycorida. Lycoris, idis, f. A fictitious name for a 
 courtezan. 
 
 6. Cyri. See Ode xvii. ver. 25. 
 
 torret. Torreo, ere, act. To burn, to inflame. 
 
 7. declinat. Declino, are, act. and neut. To incline, 
 
 to bend, to yield. 
 Pholoen. Pholoe, es, f. The name of a beautiful woman. 
 Appulis. Appiilus, a, urn, adj. Apulian. — Apulia 
 
 was a country in the south of Italy, abounding in 
 
 wolves. 
 
 9. peccet. Pecco, are, act. and neut. To sin, to trans- 
 
 gress, to disgrace one self. 
 
 10. impares. Impar, aris, adj. Unequal, unlike, un- 
 
 congenial. 
 
 11. sub juga. Under the yoke. — When the Roman* 
 
 gained a complete victory over any of their ene- 
 mies, they made the conquered army pass under 
 the yoke, and afterwards sold them for slaves. 
 Jiigum, i, n. A yoke. 
 ahenea. Aheneus, a, urn, adj. Made of brass, 
 brazen, cruel. 
 
 12. joco. Jocus, i, m. Sport, jest, raillery. 
 
 13. peteret. Peto, ere, ivi,itum, m. To seek, to desire. 
 
 14. detinuit. Detineo, ere, act. To detain, to stay, to 
 
 hold fast. 
 compede. Compes, pedis, f. A fetter, shackle, chain. 
 Myrtdle. A courtezan at Rome, with whom Ho- 
 race had been in love. 
 16. Curvantis Calabros sinus. Indenting the Calabrian 
 bays. Curvo, are, act. To bend, to curve. 
 Sinus, us, m. A bay. 
 
 e4 
 
80 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 ODE XXXIV. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 1. PARC US. Parcus, a, um. Sparing, negligent, 
 
 frugal, moderate. By this word, the poet means 
 to express the superficial devotion of the Epicu- 
 reans, who conformed only to the outward cere- 
 monies of religious worship. 
 
 cultor. Cultor, oris, m. A worshipper. 
 
 infrequens. Infrequens, tis, adj. Rare, unfrequent. 
 
 2. Insanientis sapientice considtus. Professing a ridicu- 
 
 lous philosophy ; viz. that of Epicurus. Consul- 
 tus, a, um, adj. Skilled, well-versed, learned. 
 
 3. retrorsum, adv. Back again, backward. 
 
 4. vela. Velum, i, n. A sail of a ship. 
 
 .5. cogor. Cogo, ere, coegi, coactum, act. To force, 
 
 to oblige. 
 relktos. Relictus, a, um, part, and adj. Forsaken, 
 
 left. 
 Diespiter, (i. e. Diet Pater, the father of the day.) 
 
 Jupiter. 
 
 6. corusco. Coruscus, a, um, adj. Bright, glittering, 
 
 shining. 
 
 7. plerumque. Plerumque, adv. In general, usually. 
 purum. (subaud. cethera.) Purus, a, um, adj. Pure, 
 
 serene. 
 
 8. cur rum. Currus, us, m. A chariot. 
 
 9. bruta. Brutus, a, um, adj. Senseless, heavy, like a 
 
 brute. 
 
 10. Styx. Styx, gis, f. A lake in the infernal regions, 
 
 supposed by the Antients to be the centre of the 
 earth; as the boundary of Mount Atlas (Atlan- 
 
BOOK I. ODE XXXV. 81 
 
 VIRSE 
 
 tens finis, v. 11.) on the western coast of Africa, 
 
 was considered the extremity of the world. 
 invisi. Invisus, a, um, adj. and part. Hateful; 
 
 also, unseen. 
 Tcenari. Taenarus, i, m. A promontory in the 
 
 Morea, in which was supposed to be the descent 
 
 into Hell. 
 
 13. attenuat. Attenuo, are, act. To bring low, to 
 
 humble. 
 
 14. promens. Promo, ere, act. To elevate, to render 
 
 conspicuous. 
 apicem. Apex, apicis, m. A crest, a summit, (of 
 
 power or dignity.) 
 rapax. Rapax, acis. Rapacious. 
 16. sustulit. Tollo, ere, sustuli, sublatum, act. To 
 
 take away, to remove, snatch away. 
 
 ODE XXXV. 
 
 1. ANTIUM. Antium, i, n. A sea-port town of 
 
 Latium, in which the worship of the Goddess For- 
 tune was attended with great solemnity. Horace, 
 in this Ode, seems to allude to a procession in ho- 
 nour of the Deity, in which the image of Necessity 
 was carried before, and those of Hope and Fide- 
 lity behind, the statue of the Goddess. See v. 1 6. 
 
 2. prcesens. Praesens, entis, adj. Present, ready, pre- 
 
 pared. 
 gradu. Gradus, vis, m. A step, a state or condition. 
 4. funeribus. Funus, eris, n. A funeral, death. 
 e 5 
 
82 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 5. ambit. Ambio, ire, act. To go about, to court, to 
 
 caress. 
 
 6. colonus. Colonus, i, m. A husbandman, a farmer. 
 
 By a slight alteration in the pointing of this pas- 
 sage, the construction seems to be this : Pauper 
 Colonus sollicita prece ambit te dominam ruris ; 
 quicumque Bithyna, &c. (i. e. mercator) ambit te 
 dominam cequoris. 
 
 7. Bithyna carina. In a ship freighted with the mer- 
 
 chandize of Bithynia : i. e. Any ship. 
 
 lacessit. (Remis impellit.) Lacesso, ere, Ivi, and si, 
 itum, act. Properly, to provoke ; also, to drive, 
 to impel. 
 9. Dacus. The Dacians were a warlike people of Ger- 
 many, beyond the Danube : they made repeated 
 incursions into the Roman territories ; and, though 
 repeatedly repulsed, were not subdued till the time 
 of the Emperor Trajan. 
 
 profugi. Profugus, a, um, adj. Wandering, fugitive. 
 
 Scythce. The wandering Scythians, having no fixed 
 residence or habitation, and living in tents, which 
 they carried with them from place to place. 
 
 12. Purpurei tyranni. Tyrants, or kings, clothed in 
 
 purple. Alluding, perhaps, to Phraates, king 
 of Scythia, who was at this time seeking to re- 
 gain his kingdom. See Ode xxvi. ver. 5. Per- 
 haps, also, the preceding line refers to the anxiety 
 of his mother for his restoration. 
 
 13. proruas. Proruo, ere, act. To throw down, to 
 
 beat down, to overturn. 
 
 14. Stantem columnam. The standing pillar, i. e. (me- 
 
 taphorically) the security of the commonwealth. 
 1 
 
BOOK I. ODE XXXV. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 Addison supposes the poet to allude to the figure 
 of Security, on antient coins, who is usually re- 
 presented leaning on a pillar, CSlumna, ae, '. 
 A column, a pillar. 
 
 15. Cessantes. (Pacis et concordiseamantes.) Those 
 
 who are now quiet. 
 
 16. frangat. Frango, ere, act. To break, to destroy, 
 
 to ruin. 
 
 1 7. Te semper, &c. An anaphora. See verses .5, 6, 9, 
 
 1 7, &c. in which anaphoras occur. 
 Necessitas. Necessitas, atis, f. Necessity (viz. 
 the Goddess.) The retinue of Fortune is well 
 chosen. Necessity goes before her, as her slave 
 fserva), because there is nothing capable of re- 
 sisting her power. Hope is made her companion, 
 because Fortune is the refuge of the miserable, 
 and Fidelity never leaves her, because a true 
 friend is constant both in misery and prosperity. 
 
 18. clavos trabales. Large nails, for the purpose of 
 
 holding together weighty beams. — There is, in 
 this passage, a manifest allusion to the simple 
 custom of driving a nail in a particular spot in 
 the capitol, which was the most solemn piacu- 
 lar rite of the Romans, and committed to the 
 hands of the dictator alone. It was thought to 
 be efficacious in suppressing popular tumults. 
 (Compare Ode xxiv. book 3. ver. 6.) Clavus, 
 i, m. A nail, or spike. 
 cuneos. Cuneus, i, m. A wedge ; a wooden trian- 
 gular prism. 
 20. uncus. Uncus, i, m. A hook. 
 
 £ 6 
 
84 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 liquidum 'plumbum. Melted lead. — Liquidus, a, urn, 
 adj. Liquid, melted. 
 
 21. Spes. Spes, ei, f. Hope, expectation. 
 
 Rarus. Rarus, a, um, adj. Rare, (rarely practised 
 
 or respected.) 
 colit. Colo, ere, act. To worship, to respect, to 
 
 attend. 
 
 22. velata. Velo, are, act. To clothe, cover, veil, adorn. 
 panno. Pannus, i, m. A cloak, a garment. 
 
 Nee comitem abnegat, i. e. Nee se comitem abnegat 
 amicis suis. 
 2$. Utcunque. Whenever, adv. 
 
 24. Veste. Vestis, is, f. A garment. — When Fortune 
 
 is favourable, she is painted as a woman finely 
 dressed, who fills her house with happiness and 
 abundance ; but when she changes, she is in a 
 mournful dress, and leaves the house to ^destruc- 
 tion and misery. 
 inimica, Inimicus, a, um, adj. Angry, unfriendly, 
 having become hostile. 
 
 25. At vulgus. Vulgus, i, n. The common people, 
 
 the rabble. 
 retro. Retro, adv. Backwards. — Retrocedit, (dif- 
 fugit.) A tmesis. 
 
 26. diffugiunt. DifFugio, ere, act. and neut. To fly 
 
 ' away, to depart, to escape, to disappear, to vanish. 
 cadis. Cadus, i, m. A cask, a barrel. 
 
 27. siccatis. Sicco, are, act. To drain, to empty. 
 
 28. jugum. Jugum, i, n. A yoke, a weight; viz. of 
 
 adversity. 
 dolosi. Dolosus, a, um, adj. Deceitful, cunning, 
 insincere. 
 
BOOK 1. ODE XXXV. 85 
 
 VERSE 
 
 29. Serves. Servo, are, act. To preserve, to protect, 
 to keep, to save. We may consider the fore- 
 going lines (2 — 28) as inclosed in a parenthesis. 
 
 31. examen. Examen, inis, n. A troop; properly, a 
 
 swarm of bees. 
 Eois. Eous, a, um, adj. Eastern; of, or belong- 
 ing to, the morning. (The eastern nations ; the 
 Persians, Arabs, Medes, Parthians, &c.) 
 
 32. Oceano rubro, i. e. iEthiopico et Indico, a colore 
 
 vicinarum gentium. Ruber, bra, um, adj. Red. 
 
 33. Eheu! Eheu, interj. Alas. 
 
 cicatricum. Cicatrix, icis, f. A scar, a rent, the 
 seam of a wound. 
 
 sceleris. Scelus, eris, n. Wickedness, crime, mis- 
 chief. ( Civilis belli, quod omne malum secum 
 trahit.) 
 
 34. fr^trum. Of the brothers, who had slain each 
 
 other during the civil wars, to which Augustus 
 had put an end, and which the poet artfully insi- 
 nuates may be renewed in his absence. — Frater, 
 is, m. A brother. 
 quid nos, &c. What crime have we, a daring race, 
 avoided. 
 
 35. quid intactum, &c. What unlawful deed have we 
 
 left unattempted. 
 nefasti. Nefastus, a, um, adj. Impious, profane. 
 
 36. juventus. Juventus, utis, f. The (Roman) youth. 
 
 37. metu. Metus, us, m. Fear, respect, terror. — 
 
 " Religione seu pietate adversus deos, quam 
 ivoefidav Grseci appellant." 
 continuit. Contineo, ere, ui, act. To restrain, go- 
 vern. 
 
86 CLAVIS H0RAT1ANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 quibus arts. What altars have they spared? — 
 (Quae Deorum templa spoliata sanguine non pol- 
 luit ac violavit Juventus ?)' Ara, ae, f. An altar. 
 
 38. utinam. Utinam, adv. I wish, O that. — Horace 
 
 prays to Fortune, that she would forge again the 
 swords which had been stained with the blood of 
 the Romans in the civil war, that they might be 
 employed against the enemies of the republic. 
 While they were polluted with civil blood, they 
 must be objects of hatred to the Gods. 
 Incude. Incus, udis, f. An anvil, a forge. 
 
 39. diffingans. Diffingo, ere, xi, ctum, act. To repair, 
 
 reform, to make new. 
 retusum. Retiisus, part, (from retundor,) blunted. 
 
 40. Massagetas. Massagetae, arum, m, pi. A people 
 
 of Scythia. 
 ferrum. Ferrum, i, n. Iron, a sword, a missile ; 
 arms or weapons made of iron. 
 
 ODE XXXVI. 
 
 2. PL AC ARE, Placo,are,act. To appease, to pacify, 
 
 reconcile, propitiate, (by offering the sacrifices, 
 which had been vowed, in the event of his friend's 
 return.) 
 Debitus, a, um,adj. Due, (in consequence of a vow.) 
 vituli. Vitulus, i, m. A young bullock, a steer. 
 
 3. Numidce. Photius Numida, a friend of Horace, 
 
 who, most probably, obtained his surname from 
 his services in Numidia, under Augustus. — It is 
 
EOOK I. ODE XXXVI. 87 
 
 VERSE 
 
 probable that this Ode was written in the year 
 730, when Numida returned with Augustus from 
 the war in Spain. 
 4. Qui nunc. The order is this — " Qui nunc sospes 
 reversus ab ultima Hesperia^ dividit multa oscula 
 caris sodalibus, nulli tamen plura, quam dulci 
 Lamice, memor puertice actce non alio rege, simid- 
 que mutatce togce." 
 Hesperia. Hesperia, ae, f. Spain. See Ode xxviii. 
 ver. 26. 
 
 6. dividit. Divido, ere, si, sum, act. To divide, dis- 
 
 tribute, to give. 
 
 7. Lamice. iElius Lamia, a common friend of Horace 
 
 and Numida. See book 3. Ode xvii. ver. 1. 
 memor. Memor, oris, adj. Mindful, remembering, 
 preserving the remembrance ; mindful of their 
 friendship when they were school-boys, and which 
 had continued till their manhood. 
 
 8. rege. Rex, regis, m. A king. It may mean the 
 
 chief, selected by the Roman youths, from amongst 
 themselves, to preside over their sports ; but it is 
 most probably the title by which the Antients 
 designated the tutors or governors of their chil- 
 dren. 
 
 9. mutatce. Mutatus, a, urn, adj. and part. Changed, 
 
 altered. The Roman youth laid aside the prce- 
 texta, or boyish gown, and assumed the manly 
 robe, or toga virilis, at the age of seventeen. 
 Hence Numida and Lamia were of the same age. 
 togce. Toga, se, f. A mantle, varying in length 
 and colour, according to the rank and situation of 
 the wearer. 
 
88 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 10. Cressd notd. With a chalk or white mark. The 
 
 Romans had a custom of marking their lucky 
 and unlucky days with white and black marks 
 respectively ; whence the expression, Creta an 
 carbone notandi. — Cressus, a, um, adj. Cretan. 
 Of, or belonging to, Crete. Chalk was called 
 creta, because it was found in great abundance 
 in the island of Crete. 
 
 11. promtae amphorce. Of the cask which has been 
 
 broached. Promtus, part, (from promo.) — Am- 
 phora, se, f. A cask, a barrel (of wine.) 
 
 12. Solium. ■ The Salii were priests of Mars, appointed 
 
 by Numa to watch the ancilia, or sacred shields, 
 which were said to have fallen from Heaven ; as 
 long as they preserved which, it was predicted 
 Rome would remain mistress of the world. They 
 had their names fa saliendo) from their custom of 
 leaping and dancing in their processions at their 
 solemn festivals. Upon these occasions, their 
 entertainments were very splendid ; hence Ho- 
 race uses saliares dapes, to express a sumptuous 
 banquet ; and pontificum ccence, for an elegant 
 supper. 
 
 13. multi Damalis men. " Damalis, of tippling fame." 
 
 Francis. Damalis, is, f. A courtezan with whom 
 Numida was acquainted, who was notorious for 
 drinking freely. Bassus also was a celebrated 
 tippler. 
 
 14. amystide. Amystis, idis, f. A Thracian cup, or 
 
 bumper, which it was usual to empty without 
 drawing the breath. It is a Greek word, from 
 afivarLZtiv, to drink off at a draught. 
 
BOOK I. ODE XXXVII. 89 
 
 VERSE 
 
 16. vivax apium. Fresh parsley. Vivax, acis, adj. 
 
 Lively, fresh, retaining freshness. 
 breve. Brevis, e, adj. Short; short-fived. 
 
 17. Putres. Piitris, e, adj. Properly, putrid, decayed. 
 
 It applies here to the appearance of the eye, 
 which appears to be moistened, or sunken, by 
 wine. 
 
 18. deponent. Depono, &re, act. To lay down, to fix, 
 
 to deposit. 
 Divellatur. Divello, ere, li, and vulsi, vulsum, act. 
 
 To tear asunder, to separate. 
 adultero. Adulter, eri, m. A lover, or gallant ; 
 
 an adulterer. The word adulter is frequently 
 
 used to signify a lover. 
 20. lascivis. Lascivus, a, um, adj. Luxuriant. 
 
 ambitiosior. Ambitiosus, a, urn, adj. Ambitious, 
 
 aspiring. It seems here to be derived (ab ambitu 
 
 lacertorum) from the twining of the arms round 
 
 the neck of her lover. 
 
 ODE XXXVII. 
 
 1. NUNC. This Ode was written after the battle of 
 
 Actium, to congratulate Augustus upon the defeat 
 of Antony, and the death of Cleopatra. 
 liber o. Liber, ra, rum, adj. Free, quick, nimble. 
 
 2. Saliaribus dapibus. See Ode xxvi. ver. 12. 
 
 3. pulvinar. Pulvinar, aris, n. The puhinaria were 
 
 the pillows or cushions upon which they rested 
 the statues of the Gods, at the lectisternia, or 
 
90 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 feasts, to which the Gods were, in a manner, in- 
 vited, in times of public danger, or on occasions 
 of rejoicing. 
 
 4. erat, for est, by enallage. 
 
 5. antehac, adv. Before this time, (to be read as a dys- 
 
 syllable.) 
 depromere. Depromo, ere, mpsi, mtum, act. To 
 
 bring forth, to draw, to fetcli out. 
 Ccecubum, See Ode xx. ver. 9. 
 
 6. cellis. Cella, se, f. A cellar, cell, or chamber. 
 Capitolio, The capitol, or temple of Jupiter Ca- 
 
 pitolinus. It is here put for the whole city of 
 Rome. 
 
 7. Regina. Cleopatra, queen of Egypt. It is well 
 
 known that the naval victory at Actium put an 
 end to the Egyptian monarchy, by the death of 
 Cleopatra. In the last extremity, that high- 
 minded queen had endeavoured to put an end to 
 her life, by a dagger which she had concealed ; 
 but she was prevented by Proculeius, in conse- 
 quence of the intention of Augustus to take her 
 alive, for the purpose of securing her immense 
 wealth, and leading her in triumph. Still, how- 
 ever, she defeated his views : she effected her de- 
 struction by applying poisonous asps to her tem- 
 ples, which she rendered more furious by pricking 
 them with a golden spindle. To these circum- 
 stances Horace alludes in this Ode. 
 dementes. Demens, tis. Mad, fierce, outrageous. 
 (Ruinam et eversionem a demente regina cogita- 
 tam et comparatam.) 
 
 8. funus. Funus, eris, n. Death, destruction. 
 
BOOK I. ODE XXXVII. 91 
 
 VERSE 
 
 imperio. Imperium, i, n. Empire, rule. For the 
 (Roman) empire. 
 
 9. Contaminate . Contaminatus, a, um, adj. Tainted, 
 
 polluted. 
 
 10. Impotens. Weak enough. Impotens, ntis, adj. 
 
 Impotent, weak. 
 
 11. dulci. Dulcis, e, adj. Sweet, kind, flattering. 
 
 12. ebria. Ebrius, a, um. Intoxicated, drunk, giddy, 
 
 inebriated. 
 minuit. Minuo, ere, ui, utum, act. To lessen, 
 diminish, to tame. After a most obstinate re- 
 sistance, the Egyptian fleet was almost entirely 
 consumed by fire, which Augustus had procured 
 from his camp. 
 14. Lymphaiam. Lymphatus, part, (from Lymphor.) 
 Intoxicated, maddened, infuriated, intoxicated 
 to madness. 
 Mareoiico. (subaud. vino*) The wine procured 
 from the lake Mareotis, in Egypt, was in great 
 estimation. 
 
 16. volantem. Volans, part, (from volo.) Flying, tak- 
 
 ing to flight. 
 
 17. accipiter. Accipiter, tris, m. A hawk. 
 
 18. leporem. Lepus, oris, m. A hare. 
 
 citus. Citus, a, um, adj. Swift, speedy, rapid. 
 
 1 9. nivalis. Nivalis, e, adj. Snowy, icy, covered with 
 
 snow. 
 21. JEmonice. iEmonia, se, f. A name of Thessaly, 
 
 from iEmon, a native of Thebes ; or perhaps 
 
 from the mountain Haemus, which was there 
 
 situated. 
 21. Quce. The relative agrees in sense with monstrum, 
 
92 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 and in gender with Cleopatra. This is a com- 
 mon construction. 
 generoskis. adv. compar. More nobly. 
 
 22. muliebriter. adv. Like a woman. 
 
 23. ensem. Ensis, is, m. A sword. 
 
 latentes. Latens, tis, adj. and part. Distant, hid- 
 den, concealed. 
 
 24. reparavit. Reparo, are, act. To regain, to reco- 
 
 ver, to seek again. 
 oras. Ora, as, f. A coast, a shore, a kingdom, a 
 country, a region. 
 
 25. jacentem. Jacens, tis, part, and adj. Lying down, 
 
 prostrate, desolate. (It does not signify lying 
 in ruins, as that was not the fact.) 
 
 26. vultu. Vultus, us, m. Countenance, face, look, 
 
 aspect. 
 fortis. Fortis, e, adj. Without dread, brave, bold, 
 
 courageous. 
 asperas. Asper, era, um, adj. Sharp, deadly, 
 
 venomous. 
 
 27. tractare. Tracto, are, act. To handle, to touch, 
 
 to grasp. 
 atrum. Ater, tra, um, adj. Black, fatal, dark, 
 gloomy. 
 
 29. deliberata. Deliberatus, a, um, adj. Resolved upon, 
 determined, premeditated. 
 
 SO. Libumis. In Libernian ships. These were light 
 swift-sailing vessels, so called from a people of 
 Dalmatia, who invented them. They were com- 
 manded by Maecenas, and greatly contributed to 
 the victory. 
 
 31. Privata. Like a private person. Privatus, a, um, 
 
BOOK II. ODE XXXVIII. 93 
 
 VERSE 
 
 adj. Private. The order is — Scilicet non humi- 
 lis mulier, invidens deduci scevis Liburnis, quasi 
 privata, superbo triumpho, 
 32. Non humilis. Magnanimous, haughty. Hiimilis, 
 e, adj. Humble, meek, lowly. 
 
 ODE XXXVIII. 
 
 1. PERSICOS apparatus. The perfumes, the orna- 
 
 ments, and delicacies of a Persian entertainment. 
 Apparatus, us, m. Provision, furniture, equipage. 
 puer. Piier, ri, m. A boy: also, a servant, an 
 attendant. 
 
 2. displicent. Displiceo, ere, ui, itum, n. To displease, 
 
 disgust, or dissatisfy. 
 nexce. Nexus, a, um, part, (from Nector.) Tied, 
 
 bound, fastened. 
 philyrd. Philyra, se, f. The thin skin between the 
 bark and the wood of the linden tree. 
 
 3. Mitte. Mitto, ere, misi, missum, act. (used here for 
 
 omitto.) To forbear, to cease. 
 sectari. Sector, ari, dep. To seek, to search for, 
 to hunt after. 
 
 4. sera. Serus, a, um, adj. Late, lingering, out of sea- 
 
 son, (and therefore rare and expensive.) 
 moretur. Moror, ari, dep. To tarry, linger. 
 
 5. nihil allabores. (nequid addere labores.) That you 
 
 labour to procure nothing in addition to. Alla- 
 b5ro, are, act. To labour farther, to take more 
 pains. 
 
94 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 6. seduliis, Sedulus, a, um, adj. Diligent. 
 euro. I wish, I am anxious. 
 
 ministrum. Minister, stri, m. A servant, attendant, 
 waiter ; a minister. 
 
 7. dedecet. Dedeceo, ere, neut. To misbecome, to 
 
 disgrace, to disparage. 
 
 myrtus. Myrtus, i, f. A myrtle tree. — The myrtle 
 was sacred to Venus, and was supposed to dis- 
 perse the fumes of wine. 
 
 arctd. Arctus, a, um, adj. Close (i. e. with leaves,) 
 shady. 
 
 8. vite. Vitis, is, f. A vine. 
 
CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 BOOK II. 
 
 ODE I. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 1. MOTUM. Motus, us, m. Motion, commotion, 
 disturbance. 
 ex Metello Consule. From the time of the consul- 
 ship of Metellus, when the first triumvirate, com- 
 posed of Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus, was form- 
 ed, A. U. C. 694*. From this period, C. Asinius 
 Pollio commenced his history of the civil war. 
 This illustrious statesman and warrior was a great 
 patron of literature, and an intimate friend of 
 Horace and Virgil, the latter of whom has com- 
 plimented him on the birth of his son, in his fourth 
 Eclogue. After his defeat of the Parthenians, a 
 people of Dalmatia, (v. 16), he lived in retirement 
 at Rome, where he composed several excellent 
 tragedies. Horace fearing lest the applause with 
 which these pieces had been received, should deter 
 him from prosecuting his more important work 
 above mentioned, urges him, in this Ode, to con- 
 tinue it ; at the same time hinting at the delicacy 
 and danger of the undertaking. 
 
96 CLAVJS HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 civicum. Civicus, a, urn, adj. Civil; of the citizens. 
 
 2. causas. Causa, ee, f. A cause, an origin. 
 
 vitia. Vitium, i, n. The vices which attend civil 
 war. 
 
 modos. Modus, i, m. The various events and con- 
 sequences. 
 
 3. graves principum amicitias. The fatal friendship of 
 
 the chiefs. Cato, speaking of the first triumvirate, 
 observed, that it was not their enmity, but their 
 friendship, which was fatal to the republic. 
 
 5. Non expiatis. Not yet atoned for. — At the close of 
 
 a civil war, the people appeared in arms in the 
 Campus Martius, where they were purified from 
 the blood of their fellow citizens. The ceremony 
 was called Armilustrium. 
 
 6. alece, Alea, se, f. A die, or dice; hazard, danger. 
 
 7. tractas. Tracto, are, act. To treat, or write, of; 
 
 to handle. 
 incedis. Incedo, ere, ssi, ssum, neut. To walk, 
 to go. 
 
 8. suppositos. Suppositus, part, (from supponor.) 
 
 Placed under, concealed beneath. 
 
 cineri. Cinis, eris, m. Ashes ; a cinder, a burnt 
 piece of wood, embers. 
 
 doloso. Dolosus, a, um, adj. Treacherous, faith- 
 less, deceitful. 
 
 9. severce Musa Tragcedice. The Muse, Melpomene, 
 
 who presided over tragedy, and was also the in- 
 ventress of lyric poetry. See ver. 37. 
 
 10. theatris. Theatrum, i, n. A theatre. 
 
 11. Ordinaris. Ordino, are. To put in order, to settle. 
 
 But it here signifies, to relate, to compose a his- 
 
 
BOOK II. ODE I. 97 
 
 VERSE 
 
 tory. Thus the Greek, avvrdoauv, to describe; 
 avvrayfia, a volume. 
 grande. Grandis, e, adj. Great, grand, lofty or 
 sublime, important. 
 
 12. Cecropio. Cecropius, a, urn, adj. Athenian. (See 
 Ode vii. ver. 5.) Sophocles, the Greek tragic 
 poet, was the inventor of the cothurnus, or bus- 
 kin, (a sort of high shoe,) which was worn by the 
 tragic actors, for the purpose of giving them a 
 taller and more commanding appearance. 
 
 1 4. Pollio. See ver. 1 . 
 
 curice. Curia, ae, f. The senate-house : hence, 
 by metonyme, the senate. (Senatoribus summit 
 de rebus deliberantibus.) 
 
 16. peperit. Pario, ere, peperi, partum, act. To ob- 
 tain, to procure. See ver. 1 . 
 
 18. perstringis. Perstringo, ere, xi, ctum, act. To 
 pierce, to strike, to stun. 
 
 22. indecoro. Indecorus, a, um, adj. Inglorious, dis- 
 graceful. 
 sordidos. Sordidus, a, um, adj. Defiled, filthy, 
 dirty. 
 
 24. atrocem. Atrox, ocis, adj. Unconquerable, reso- 
 
 lute, bold, inflexible. 
 
 25. Juno. Juno, onis, f. The sister and the wife of 
 
 Jupiter ; whence she also became the Queen of 
 the Gods. She was the tutelar goddess of A r- 
 gos, (see Ode vii. ver. 9.) of Samos, and of Car- 
 thage, in Africa. She is represented by the 
 poets as being of the most resentful and malici- 
 ous disposition. 
 
98 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 26. cesserat. Cedo, ere, cessi, cessum, n. To depart, 
 
 to retreat, to yield, to give up. 
 
 27. victor urn, &c. Offered, in the civil wars, the pos- 
 
 terity of those who had formerly conquered 
 Africa, to the manes of Jugurtha. 
 
 28. Inferias. Inferiae, arum, f, pi. Sacrifices offered 
 
 upon the tombs of the dead. It was a custom 
 among the Antients to sacrifice their prisoners 
 upon the tombs of their generals who had fallen 
 in the battle. 
 Jugurthce. Jugurtha, se, m. A nephew of Mi- 
 cipsa, king of Numidia, whom, at his death, he 
 appointed his successor, in conjunction with his 
 two sons, Adherbal and Hiempsal. He soon, 
 however, ungratefully slew Hiempsal, and drove 
 Adherbal from the throne. The Romans de- 
 clared war against him ; and after five years, he 
 was betrayed into their hands, by his father-in- 
 law, Bocchus ; and died of starvation in a Ro- 
 man dungeon. 
 
 SO. sepulchris. Sepulchrum, i,m. A tomb, a sepulchre. 
 
 31. testatur. Testor, ari, dep. To bear witness of, to 
 record. 
 
 33. gurges. Gurges, ids, f. A whirlpool, a gulf, a 
 
 river. 
 
 34. lugubris. Lugubris, e, adj. Lamentable, mournful. 
 
 35. Daunice, for Italicce, by synecdoche. See book 1. 
 
 Ode xxii. ver. 14. 
 decoloravere. Decoloro, are, act. To discolour, 
 to stain. 
 37. procax. Procax, acis, adj. Sportive, saucy, fro- 
 licksome. 
 
BOOK II. ODE II. 99 
 
 VERSE 
 
 jocis. Jocus, i, m. A jest, a joke, raillery. 
 
 38. Cece Ncenice. The Ncenice were memorials of 
 
 conquerors, which were generally recorded at 
 their funerals. They are called Cean, from the 
 birth-place of the poet Simonides, whose verses 
 were so plaintive and affecting, that they were 
 called by Catullus " the tears of Simonides." 
 retractes. Retracto, are, act. To re-handle, to 
 treat of again, to resume. 
 
 39. Dionceo sub antro. In a cave, or grotto, conse- 
 
 crated to Venus, the daughter of the nymph 
 Dwne. 
 
 40. Leviore, (compar.) Levis, e, adj. Light, gay. 
 
 ODE II. 
 
 1. ARGENTO. Argentum, i, n. Silver; also, silver 
 
 coin, money. 
 Color. Color, oris, m. Colour; also, beauty, lustre. 
 
 2. Abdlto. Abditus, part, (from abdo.) Hid, concealed. 
 lamnce. Lamna, (by syncope, for lamina,) ae, f. Ore, 
 
 metal. 
 
 3. Crispe Sallusti. It is generally believed that this 
 
 Ode was addressed to a relation of Sallust, the 
 celebrated and well-known historian, and not to 
 Sallust himself. 
 5. vivet. Vivo, ere, xi, n. To live; also, to live in 
 memory. 
 extento. Extentus, a, um, part, and adj. Extended, 
 distant. 
 
 p2 
 
100 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 Proculeius, Proculeius, i, m. An intimate friend 
 of Augustus, who shared his patrimony with his 
 brothers, Caepio and Muraena, whose fortunes had 
 been ruined by the civil wars. 
 
 6. Notus. Notus, a, um, adj. and part. Known, cele- 
 
 brated, famous. 
 animi. (understand causa.) Animus, i,m. The mind; 
 also, love, affection. 
 
 7. metuente solvi. Fearing to be loosed ; i. e. indisso- 
 
 luble, indefatigable. 
 
 8. super stes. Superstes, titis, adj. Surviving, lasting. 
 
 9. domando. Domo, are, act. To control, tame, subdue. 
 
 10. spiritum. Spiritus, us, m. The spirit, the dispo- 
 
 sition. 
 
 11. Gadibus. Gades, ium, f. A small island, with a 
 
 town of the same name, on the coast of Spain. 
 It is now called Cadiz, 
 uterque Pcenus. There was a Carthage in Spain, 
 as well as in Africa. 
 
 12. uni. (subaud. tibi.) You alone. 
 
 13. hydrojis. Hydrops, opis, m. Dropsy. 
 
 14. sitim. Sitis, is, f. Thirst. 
 
 15. venis. Vena, 32, f. A vein. 
 
 17. Phraaten. See book 1. ode xxvi. ver. 5. 
 
 18. Dissidens pleb'u Thinking differently from the 
 
 generality of mankind. Dissidens, tis. part, 
 (from dissideo.) Disagreeing, dissenting. 
 
 19. Virtus. Virtus, utis, f. Virtue; also, (as here) 
 
 wisdom, philosophy. 
 fahis. Falsus, a, um, adj. False, improper, in- 
 correct. 
 
BOOK II. ODE III. 101 
 
 VERSE 
 
 20. Dedocet uti, i. e. docet ne utatur. Teaches to dis- 
 
 use. Dedoceo, ere, act. To unteach. 
 
 21. diadema. Diadema, atis, n. A crown, a diadem. 
 Tutum. Tutus, a,um, adj. Safe, secure, permanent. 
 
 22. uni. To him alone. Unus, a, urn, adj. One. 
 
 23. oculo irretorto. With an eye unmoved (by envy.) 
 
 Without an envious look. — Irretortus, part, (from 
 irretorqueor.) Unmoved, direct, straight. 
 
 24. Acervos. (subaud. Auri.) Acervus, i, m. A heap. 
 
 a store. 
 
 ODE III. 
 
 $. INSOLENTI. Insolens, tis, adj. Rash; also, 
 haughty, proud, inconsiderate. 
 temper atam. (supply mentem, from ver. 2.) Tem- 
 peratus, part, and adj. Tempered, moderated, 
 undisturbed. 
 
 4. moriture. W T ho art doomed to die. Moriturus, part. 
 
 fut. (from morior, dep.) About to die. 
 Belli, (voc. case.) Q. Dellius was a friend of Ho- 
 race, of a very fickle and inconstant disposition. 
 He had favoured the cause of Antony and Octa- 
 vius successively, and repeatedly changed sides. 
 These unsettled principles must greatly have in- 
 jured his fortune ; and Horace, in this Ode, seems 
 to comfort him for some recent calamity. 
 
 5. Tempore. Vitce is understood. 
 
 7. hearts. Beo, are, act. To bless, to make happy. 
 ■S. Interiore nota. With an inner cask. — Nota, se, f. 
 f3 
 
102 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 A mark. It is frequently used to signify a cask, 
 because the vintage was marked upon it. As the 
 wine was laid in every year, the oldest would be 
 in the innermost part of the cellar. 
 9. alba. Albus, a, urn, adj. White. The under side 
 of the leaf of the poplar is white. 
 
 11. obliquo. Obliquus, a, urn, adj. Oblique, winding, 
 
 meandering. 
 
 12. lympha. Lympha, se, f. Water, a stream, a rivulet. 
 
 14. amoence. Amcenus, a,um, adj. Pleasant, delight- 
 
 ful, sweet. 
 
 1 5. res. Res, ei, f. An estate, fortune, property. 
 sororum trium. The Parcse, or Fates. They were 
 
 three in number, Clotho, Lachesis, and Atropos. 
 On the subject of their parentage and place of 
 abode, the Antients are disagreed. They are 
 represented by the poets as spinning the thread 
 of human life ; the first holding the distaff, the 
 second spinning, and the third cutting the thread, 
 and thus limiting existence. 
 
 16. fila. Fllum, i, n. A thread. 
 
 17. coemtis. Coe'mo, ere, v emi, emptum. To buy, to 
 
 purchase. 
 saltibus. Saltus, us, and i, m. A wood, forest, 
 thicket ; a grove, a park. 
 
 19. exstructis. Exstructus, part, (from exstruor.) 
 
 Built up, heaped up. 
 
 20. hceres. Haeres, edis, m. A heir. 
 
 21. Inacho. Tnachus, i, m. Son of Oceanus and Te- 
 
 thys, who was the founder of the kingdom of 
 Argos. 
 
 22. Infima de gente. Of the lowest extraction. In- 
 
BOOK II. ODE IV. 103 
 
 VERSE 
 
 flmus, adj. superl. (from inferus,) Lowest, 
 meanest. Gens, tis, f. A nation, a family. 
 
 23. Moreris. Moror, ari, dep. To delay, to live, to 
 
 dwell. 
 
 24. miserantis. Miseror, ari, atus sum, dep. To pity, 
 
 to have compassion. 
 
 25. cogimur. Cogo, ere, coegi, actum, act. To drive, 
 
 to collect, to compel. 
 omnium versatur, &c. The lot of all is in motion 
 in the urn, and will come out sooner or later. 
 (The Antients supposed, that the names of all 
 mankind, written upon billets, were thrown into 
 a revolving urn ; and that they died in the order 
 in which their names were thrown out.) 
 
 27. exitura. Exeo, ire, neut. To go or come out. 
 
 28. impositura. Impositurus, part. fut. (from impono.) 
 
 About to consign. 
 cymbce. Cymba, se, f. A boat, a ferry-boat; here, 
 the boat of Charon, the son of Erebus and Nox, 
 and the ferryman of hell. He conveyed the 
 souls of the dead across the Styx, for which he 
 required a piece of money, which the friends of 
 the deceased always placed under their tongue. 
 
 ODE IV. 
 
 1. ANCILLJE. Ancilla, ae, f. A maid, or female 
 slave. 
 pudori. Piidor, oris, m. Shame, disgrace. As the 
 love of Phoceus was honourable, he did not be- 
 F 4 
 
104 CLAV1S HOEATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 long to the class of Ancillarwli, by which oppro- 
 brious term the Romans stigmatized disreputable 
 seducers of female slaves. 
 
 2. Xanthia Phoceu. It is supposed, from his name, that 
 
 Xanthias Phoceus was a friend of Horace, of 
 Grecian extraction, and of noble birth. 
 
 3. Serva Briseis. Brisels, idos, f. was a female cap- 
 
 tive, whom Achilles had taken, after sacking one 
 of the cities of Troy. See book 1. Ode viii. 
 ver. 14. 
 
 5. Ajacem. See book i. Ode xv. ver. 19. 
 forma. Forma, ae, f. Beauty, shape, form. 
 
 6. Tecmessce. Tecmessa, ae, f. A captive princess, 
 
 whose father was killed by Ajax : she became 
 the property of her conqueror, whom she served 
 faithfully and affectionately. 
 
 7. Atrides. Agamemnon, the elder son of Atreus, and 
 
 brother of Menelaus. He was chosen comman- 
 der of the Grecian force against Troy. After 
 the destruction of the city, Cassandra, the daugh- 
 ter of Priam, became his captive. Upon his re- 
 turn to Greece, he was murdered by his adul- 
 terous wife, Clytemnestra, and her paramour, 
 iEgy sthus ; and Cassandra shared his fate. 
 .9. barbarce. Barbarus, a, um, adj. Barbarian, rude, 
 savage. 
 turmcE. Turma, ae, f. A troop, a band, a company 
 of horsemen. 
 10. Thessalo viciore. Achilles being the conqueror. 
 Thessalo, by periphrasis, for Achilles, who always 
 resided at Larissa, in Thessaly. 
 Hector. Hector, oris, m. A son of Priam, king of 
 
BOOK II. ODE IV. 105 
 
 VERSE 
 
 Troy. When Achilles, enraged at the seizure 
 of Briseis, withdrew from the field, his valour 
 turned the victory in favour of the Trojans. At 
 length the death of Patroclus, the friend of 
 Achilles, who fell by his hand, brought back 
 that hero to the battle : he prevailed against 
 Hector, whose overthrow was speedily followed 
 by the destruction of Troy. 
 
 13. Generum. Gener, eri, m. A son-in-law. 
 
 14. Phyllidis. Phyllis, idis, f. A fictitious name of the 
 
 damsel of whom Phoceus was enamoured. 
 
 15. penates. Penates, ium, m. Household gods. 
 
 16. mceret. Mcereo, ere, neut. pass. To lament, weep 
 
 for, grieve. 
 
 17. scelestd. Scelestus, a, um, adj. Impious, wicked; 
 
 also (as here) unfortunate, miserable. 
 
 18. plebe. Plebs, ebis, f. The common people, the 
 
 lower order. 
 
 20. pudenda. Piidendus, a, um, adj. To be ashamed 
 
 of, vulgar, 
 
 21. suras. Sura, £e, f. The calf of the leg, the leg. 
 
 22. Integer. Integer, gra, um, adj. Upright, pure; 
 
 here, free from passion. 
 suspicari. Suspicor, ari, dep. To be suspicious, 
 to suspect, to mistrust 
 
 23. octavum lustrum. The eighth lustrum. The lus- 
 
 trum was a period of five years. Horace, there- 
 fore, was nearly forty years of age. 
 trepidavit. Trepido, are, neut. To tremble; also, 
 to hasten. 
 
 24. claudere. Claudo, ere, si, sum, act. To shut, to 
 
 close, to complete. 
 
 f 5 
 
106 CLAV1S HORATIANA 
 
 ODE V. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 1. SUBACTA. Siibactus, part, (from subigor.) Sub- 
 
 dued, tamed. 
 Valet, supply juvenca, from ver. 6. — Valeo, ere, n. 
 To be able. — This Ode is an allegory through- 
 out. The poet compares Lalage to a heifer ; and, 
 in the continuation of the metaphor, advises his 
 friend not to be rash in his love for Lalage, but to 
 control his passion till she attains to years of 
 maturity. 
 
 2. munia. Munia, orum, n. pi. Duties, offices. 
 comparts. Compar, aris, c. g. A partner, husband 
 
 or wife, companion. 
 
 3. ceauare. iEquo, are, act. To equal, to discharge 
 
 properly, to undertake. 
 
 o. virentes. Virens, entis, adj. and part. Green, fruit- 
 ful, verdant. 
 
 7. solantis. Solans, part, (from Sblor.) Assuaging, 
 cooling. 
 udo salicto. In the moist (i. e. cool) willow-grove. 
 Salictum, i, n. A grove of willow-trees. 
 
 9. prcegestientis. Praegestiens, tis, part, (from prce- 
 
 gestio.) Desiring greatly. — This word is applied 
 to animals, who express their desires by their 
 motions and gesture. 
 
 10. Jmmitis. Immitis, e, adj. Ungentle, savage ; also, 
 
 harsh, unripe. 
 
 11. distinguet. Distinguo, ere, act. To vary, to dis- 
 
 tinguish, to diversify. The order is — Jam au- 
 tumnus varius distinguet tibi lividos racemos colore 
 
BOOK II. ODE VI. 107 
 
 VERSE 
 
 purpureo. Soon will the various autumn adorn 
 for you those clusters, which are yet green and 
 livid, with a purple bloom. 
 12. varius. Varius, a, um, adj. Various: (so called 
 from the variety of its fruit, or the different tints 
 of its foliage.) 
 
 14. demserit. Demo, ere, act. To take away, dimi- 
 
 nish, abate. 
 
 15. protervd. Protervus, a, um, adj. Forward, bold, 
 
 saucy, wanton. 
 
 17. dilecta. Dilectus, a,um, part, and adj. Beloved. 
 fugax. Fiigax, acis, adj. Flying, bashful, coy. 
 
 18. Chloris. A fictitious name: as also is Pholoi, 
 
 ver. 17. 
 
 1 9. renidet. Renideo, ere, n. To shine, to look bright, 
 
 to glitter. 
 
 20. Gnidtus Gyges. Gyges, is, m. A youth of sur- 
 
 prising beauty ; a native of the Island of Gnidus. 
 
 21. insereres. Insero, ere, act. To insert, to place 
 
 amongst. 
 
 22. sagaces. Sagax, acis, adj. Wise, sagacious, dis- 
 
 cerning. 
 hospites. Hospes, itis, c. g. A guest, a stranger. 
 
 ODE VI. 
 
 SEPTIMI. (voc. case.) Titus Septimius, a friend 
 of Horace, who was greatly esteemed by Augus- 
 tus, and had served under Tiberius in his eastern 
 expedition in 731. He had a great poetical ta- 
 
 I 6 
 
108 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 lent, and composed several lyric and tragic pieces ; 
 all of which, however, are now lost. 
 aditure. Who art ready to go. A mode of expres- 
 sion, intimating the sincerity of his friendship, 
 which would not be lessened by the prospect of 
 difficulty or danger. 
 
 2. Cantabrum. The Cantabri were a warlike people of 
 
 Spain ; who made frequent incursions into the 
 Roman territories, till they were at length sub- 
 dued by Agrippa, who had been sent against them 
 by Augustus. 
 juga. Jugum, i, n. A yoke, a state of bondage or 
 subjection. 
 
 3. Syrtes. See book 1. Ode xxii. ver. 5. 
 
 4. cestuat. iEstuo, are, n. To boil, to rage. 
 
 5. Argeo. See book 1. Ode vii. ver. 13. 
 
 7, Lasso, (subaud. mihu) Lassus, a, um, adj. Weary. 
 
 9. Parcce. See Ode iii. ver. 15. 
 
 10. Pellitis. Pellltus, a, um, adj. Covered w r ith skins. 
 
 11. Galesi. Galesus, i, m. A river of Calabria. The 
 
 fleeces of the sheep which grazed on its verdant 
 banks, were preserved in skins, that they might 
 receive no injury from the rain. Near it, Pha- 
 lantus, the Parthenian, who was one of the Spar- 
 tans illegitimately born during the Messenian 
 war, built the city of Tarentum. Ver. 12. 
 
 14. Hymetto. Hymettus, i, m. A mountain of Attica, 
 
 famous for its delicious honey, and its quarries 
 of excellent marble. 
 
 15. decedunt. Decedo, ere, neut. To depart, to be 
 
 inferior, to yield to. 
 
BOOK II. ODE VII. 109 
 
 VERSE 
 
 16. Bacca. Bacca, ae, f. A berry; also, as here, the 
 
 olive-berry. 
 Venafro. Venafrum, i, n. A town of Campania, 
 abounding with vineyards and olive-yards. 
 
 17. longum. Longus, a, um, adj. Long, oflong con- 
 
 tinuance. 
 tepidas. Tepidus, a, um, adj. Mild, warm. 
 
 18. Aulon. Aulon, a mountain of Calabria, near Ta- 
 
 rentum. 
 
 22. calentem favillam. The ashes warm and glowing 
 
 from the funeral pile. — Favilla, ae, f. Ashes. 
 
 23. debitd. Debitus, a, um, adj. Due, deserved, me- 
 
 rited. 
 
 ODE VII. 
 
 L SJEPE mecum. The order is — Pompei, prime 
 meorem sodalium, scepe deducte mecum in ultimum 
 tempus, qais, fyc. 
 Tempus in ultimum, (A periphrasis, for mortis peri- 
 culum.) Into the extremity of danger. 
 
 2. Deducte. Deductus, part, (from deducor. ) Brought, 
 
 exposed. 
 Bruto. Horace was a tribune in the army of Bru- 
 tus, when he and Cassius came to an engagement 
 with Octavius and Antony. During the battle he 
 fled, and left his shield on the field of Philippi ; 
 and he artfully prides himself in his want of cou- 
 rage, in compliment to Augustus. 
 
 3. redonavit. Redono, are, act. To restore. 
 
110 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 Quiritem. Quirites, is, m. A Roman : (seldom 
 found in the singular.) See book 1. Ode i. ver. 7. 
 
 4. Diispatriis. The Roman Gods, the tutelary deities 
 
 of Rome, (So in Virgil, iEn. I. Dii patrii, servate 
 domum, fyc.) 
 Halo coelo. The Italian sky ; the country or king- 
 dom of Italy, 
 
 5. Pompei, Pompeius Varus, an intimate friend of Ho- 
 
 race, who had been engaged with him on the side 
 of Pompey. In this Ode, Horace congratulates 
 him upon his restoration to the favour of Augus- 
 tus, and recommends him to quit the profession 
 of arms, for which the general amnesty, which had 
 been granted to the adherents of Pompey, gave 
 him a favourable opportunity. Some, however, 
 suppose this Ode to be addressed to Pompeius 
 Grosphus. See Ode xvii. ver. 5. 
 prime. Primus, a, um, adj. First, chief, best. 
 
 7. fregi. Frango, ere, egi, ctum, act. To break, to 
 
 spend, or waste. 
 
 8. Malobathro Syrio, The Malobathrum was a per- 
 
 fume, extracted from an Indian aromatic herb, for 
 which the Romans traded to Syria. 
 
 9. Philippos. Philippi, orum, m. pi. Philippi, in Ma- 
 
 cedonia, where the celebrated battle was fought 
 between Brutus and Cassius, on the one side ; and 
 Octavius and Antony, on the other. See ver. 2. 
 
 10. sensi. Sentio, Ire, act. To perceive, to experience, 
 
 to feel. 
 parmula. Parmula, ae, f. A shield, a buckler. 
 
 12. tetigere. Tango, ere, tetigi, tactum, act. To touch. 
 
 13. Sedme, &c. An allusion to the battles of Homer, 
 
BOOK II. ODE VII. ]]1 
 
 VERSE 
 
 in which the Gods frequently interfered to extri- 
 cate their favourite heroes from any imminent 
 peril. Horace has chosen Mercury for his deli- 
 verer, as he was the protector of men of letters. 
 See book 1. Ode x. ver. 1. 
 14. paventem. Paveo, ere, n. To be afraid, to be in 
 great fear. 
 sustulit. Tollo, ere, sustuli, act. To raise, to carry 
 oft', to remove. 
 
 17. Obligatam. Obligatus, part, (from obligor.) Due, 
 
 promised, devoted. 
 
 18. latus. Latus, eris, n. A side; here, by synec- 
 
 doche, the body. 
 
 19. sub lauro med. Under (the shade) of my laurel. — 
 
 Laurus, us, f. A laurel. 
 
 20. destinatis. Destinatus, part, (from destinor.) Des- 
 
 tined, intended. 
 
 21. oblivioso. Obiiviosus, a, um, adj. Causing forget- 
 
 fulness (of care.) 
 
 22. ciboria. Ciborium, i, n. A large drinking cup, a 
 
 goblet. 
 exple. Expleo, ere, evi, etum, act. To fill, to 
 make full. 
 
 23. conchis. Concha, ae, f. A shell ; also, a box, or 
 
 casket, made of shells, for keeping ointments 
 and perfumery. 
 
 24. deprroperare. Depropero, are, act. To hasten, to 
 
 do any thing in haste ; as here, to wreathe. 
 apio. Apium, i, n. Parsley. 
 
 25. Venus. The throw by which the arbiter bibendi, or 
 
 governor of the feast, was appointed, was called 
 Venus, or the Venereus jactus. See book 1. Ode 
 iv. ver. 18. 
 
112 CLAVIS HORAT1ANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 27. hacchabor. Bacchor, ari, n. To revel, to riot. 
 Edonis. The Thracians. The Edoni were a peo- 
 ple of Thrace. 
 
 28, fur ere. (Usque ad furor em po tare.) To drink even 
 
 to madness. So Anacreon : 0g\w, StXw fiavijvai. 
 
 ODE VIII. 
 
 1. JURIS pejerati. Perjury, violated faith. Pejera- 
 
 tus, part, (from pejeror.) Perjured, forsworn. 
 There was an antient belief that lying, and more 
 especially perjury, were visited by speedy punish- 
 ment. 
 
 2. Barine. Julia Barine was a courtezan of Rome, 
 
 4. turpior, Turpis, e, adj. Base, deformed, ugly. 
 
 5. Crederem. I should believe ; viz. that the Gods 
 
 were the avengers of perjury. Credo, ere, didi, 
 itum, n. To believe. 
 
 6. cnitescis. Enitesco, ere, neut. To shine forth, to 
 
 appear beautiful. 
 
 7. prodis. Prodeo, ire, neut. To come forth. 
 
 9. Expedit. (impersonal.) It profits you ; it is advan- 
 
 tageous. 
 opertos. Opertus, a, um, part, and adj. Covered 
 (in an urn.) ; i. e. buried. 
 
 10. Fallere. Fallo, ere, fefelli, falsum, act. To de- 
 
 ceive ; here, to be forsworn by. 
 12. Ridet. Disregards. — Rideo, ere, si, sum, act. To 
 
 laugh, to smile at. 
 16. cote. Cos, cotis, f. A whetstone, a hone. 
 
BOOK II. ODE IX. 113 
 
 VERSE 
 
 IS. Servitus nova. A new supply of slaves, i.e. lovers. 
 
 Servitus, tus, f. Slavery. 
 priores, subaud. serv't. 
 ■20. Scope minati. Although they have often threatened 
 
 to do so. — Minatus, part, (from minor.) Having 
 
 threatened. 
 
 21. Juvencis. Juvencus, i, m. Properly, a steer; here, 
 
 a son. 
 
 22. parci. Parcus, a, urn, adj. Frugal, sparing. 
 
 23. retardet. Retardo, are, act. To retard : hence, to 
 
 weaken the affections. 
 2i. Aura. Attraction. — Claudian uses the word when 
 speaking of the magnet. Aura, ae, f. Properly, 
 the air. 
 
 ODE IX. 
 
 1. HISPIDOS. Hispidus, a, um, adj. Rough, rugged. 
 
 2. Mare Caspium. The Caspian Sea, which is the 
 
 northern boundary of Parthia, is still said to be 
 greatly exposed to tempestuous weather, and 
 without any harbourage for shipping. 
 
 3. vexant. Vexo, are, act. To vex, to disturb, agitate. 
 procellce. Procella, ae, f. A storm, a tempest. 
 
 4. Armeniis. The mountains of Armenia are generally 
 
 covered with snow. 
 
 5. Valgi. T. Valgius Rufus, of Patrician family, and 
 
 great poetical talents. Tibullus ranks him among 
 those who have rivalled Homer in their verses. 
 This Ode was intended to comfort him for the loss 
 
114 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 of Mystes, a lovely youth, who is supposed by 
 
 some to have been his son. 
 glacies. Glacies, ei, f. Ice. 
 Iners. Iners, tis, adj. Sluggish. 
 
 7. querceta. Quercetum, i, n. A forest of oak. 
 Gargani. Garganus, i, m. A mountain in Apulia. 
 
 8. viduantur. Viduo, are, act. To deprive, to bereave. 
 10. Vespero. Vesperus, or Hesperus, i, m. The even- 
 ing star. 
 
 13. cbvo ter functus. Who had lived three generations. 
 
 -ZEvum, i, n. An age; i. e. thirty years. 
 
 14. ploravit. Ploro, are, act. To lament, to weep for, 
 
 to bewail. 
 
 Antilochum. Antilochus, i, m. A son of Nestor, 
 whom Memnon killed in the Trojan war. Nes- 
 tor challenged the conqueror to single combat, 
 but he honourably refused to fight with a man so 
 advanced in years. 
 
 Senex. Nestor. 
 
 15. impubem. Impiibis, e, adj. Young, beardless, 
 
 16. Troilon, (Gr. ace.) Troilus, i, m. A son of 
 
 Priam. He was killed by Achilles during the 
 Trojan war. 
 
 17. Desine mollium querelarum. Cease from your effe- 
 
 minate lamentations. A Graecism ; thus, \Tjys 
 ipidog; subaud. e£. 
 
 19. tropea. Tropeum, i, n. A trophy, a spoil. 
 
 20. Niphaten. Niphates, is, m. A mountain of Arme- 
 
 nia, always covered with snow. 
 
 21. Medum Jlumen. The Euphrates. Horace beauti- 
 
 fully represents the pride of the river as subdued 
 by the victory of Augustus, 
 
BOOK II. ODE X. 115 
 
 VERSE 
 
 22. vortices. Vortex, icis, m. A whirlpool. 
 
 23. Gelonos. The Geloni were a people of European 
 
 Scythia, conquered by Augustus. 
 
 ODE X. 
 
 1. RECTIUS, adv. (compar.) More properly, more 
 prudently. 
 Licini. (voc. case.) Licinius Muraena, one of the 
 brothers of Proculeius, (Ode ii. ver. 5.) was a 
 man of a daring and ambitious spirit, which it 
 seems to be the object of the poet to suppress. 
 He subsequently engaged in a conspiracy against 
 Augustus, for which he was banished, and, in the 
 end, put to death ; from which unhappy fate, the 
 interest of Maecenas, who had married his sister, 
 Terentia, could not save him. 
 
 3. cautus. Cautus, a, um, adj. Cautious, prudent. 
 horrescis. Horresco, ere, horrui, act. To dread, 
 to avoid, to shun. 
 
 5. auream mediocritatem. The golden mean. — Aureus, 
 
 a, um, adj. Golden, precious. 
 
 6. obsoleti. Obsoletus, a, um, adj. Decayed, sordid, 
 
 mean, squalid. 
 
 7. Sordibus. Sordes, is, f. Filth. 
 
 invidendd. Invidendus, part, (from invideor.) Ex- 
 posed to envy. 
 
 8. sobrius. Sobrius, a, um, adj. Sober, contented, 
 
 prudent. 
 
116 CLAV1S HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 9. This stanza has been beautifully imitated by our own 
 delightful poet, Dr. Beattie : 
 
 '* When winds the mountain oak assail, 
 And lay his glories waste, 
 Content may slumber in the vale, 
 Unconscious of the blast." 
 
 \2. fulgura. Fulgur, uris, n. Lightning; a thunderbolt. 
 
 13. infestis. (subaud. rebus.) In adversity. — Infestus, 
 
 a, um, adj. Hostile, adverse. 
 secundis. Secundus, a, um, adj. Prosperous, lucky, 
 favourable. 
 
 14. sortem. Sors, sortis, f. Lot, fortune, state, or 
 
 condition. 
 
 15. informes. Informis, e, adj. Shapeless, rugged, 
 
 unpleasant. 
 
 19. suscitat. Suscito, are, act. To excite, to revive. 
 arcum tendit. An allusion, probably, to the first 
 book of the Iliad, in which Apollo is represented 
 as shooting from his bow pestilence and disease 
 against the Grecians, who had dishonoured his 
 priest. — Tendo, ere, tetendi, act. To stretch. 
 
 22, appare. Appareo, ere, ui, itum, n. To appear, to 
 show one self. 
 
 24. turgida. Turgidus, a, um, adj. Swollen. 
 
 ODE XI. 
 
 2. HIRPINE. Of Quintus Hirpinus, the friend whom 
 Horace here addresses, nothing is known but his 
 name. 
 
BOOK II. ODE XI. 117 
 
 VERSE 
 
 Adria divisus objecto. Divided from us by the Adri- 
 atic, which is placed between Scythia and Rome. 
 Objectus, a, urn, adj. and part. Opposed, placed 
 between. 
 
 3. remittas. Remitto, ere, isi, ssum. To remit, cease, 
 
 leave off. 
 
 4. trepides. Trepido, are, n. To tremble, to be anxi- 
 
 ous, to be concerned. 
 usum cevi. The necessaries of life. — Usus, us, m. 
 Use, necessity. 
 
 5. poscentis. Poscens, tis, part, (from posco.) Requir- 
 
 ing, needing. 
 
 " Man wants but little here below, 
 Nor wants that little long." 
 
 Goldsmith's Hermit. 
 
 fugit retro, i. e. Refugit, recedit. Fiigio, ere, ugi, 
 turn, n. To flee. 
 
 6. Levis. Levis, e, adj. Smooth. — It here, perhaps, 
 
 signifies beardless. 
 Decor. Decor, oris, m. Beauty, loveliness, grace- 
 fulness. Juventas and Decor are allegorical divi- 
 nities. 
 
 9. Honor. Honor, oris, m. Honour ; here, beauty. 
 
 10. vernis. Vernus, a, um, adj. Vernal; of, or be- 
 
 longing to, spring. 
 
 11. ceternis minor em consiliis. Incapable of endless de- 
 
 signs. Minor, us, adj. (compar.) Less; too 
 little. 
 
 13. platano. Platanus, i, f. A plane tree. 
 
 14. temere. Temere, adv. Thoughtlessly, securely, 
 
 at our ease. 
 
 15. canos. Canus, a, um, adj. White, hoary, grey. 
 
118 CLAVIS HORATIANA, 
 
 VERSL 
 
 16. nardo. Nardus, i, f. A perfume, derived from an 
 
 Indian aromatic herb. — Spikenard. 
 
 17. Evius. See book 1. Ode xviii. ver. 9. 
 
 o 
 
 18. educes. Edax, acis, adj. Devouring, wasting, cor- 
 
 roding. 
 ocijiis, adv. Quickly, soon, instantly. 
 
 19. restinguet. Restinguo, ere, xi, nctum, act. To 
 
 cool, qualify. 
 
 20. Prcetereunte Lympha. With the stream running 
 
 near us. Prseteriens, euntis, part, (from prce- 
 tereo.) Passing by. 
 
 21. scortum. Scortum, i, n. A courtezan. 
 
 eliciet. Elicio, ere, ui, itum, act. To entice out, 
 to fetch. 
 
 22. Lyden. Lyde, a beautiful courtezan, who played 
 
 skilfully on th-,? lute. 
 eburnd. Eburnus, a. um, adj. Ivory, i. e. made 
 of ivory. 
 
 23. maturet. Maturo, are, act. To hasten, to come 
 
 quickly. 
 Laccence. Lacaena, ae, f. A Spartan woman. 
 
 24. nodum. Nodus, i, m. A knot, a tie. 
 
 ODE XII. 
 
 1. NOLIS. Do not desire. — Nolo, nonvis, nolui, nolle. 
 To be unwilling. 
 NumanticE, Numantia, ae, f. A city of Spain, which 
 carried on a long war of fourteen years, with re- 
 markable bravery, against the Romans. When 
 3 
 
BOOK II. ODE XII. 119 
 
 VERSE 
 
 they were at length subdued by Scipio iEmilianus, 
 rather than surrender themselves to their conquer- 
 ors, they destroyed themselves by burning their 
 houses over their heads. Hence the epithet ferae. 
 2, Annibalem. Annibal, is, m. The famous Cartha- 
 ginian general. 
 Siculum mare. That part of the Mediterranean Sea 
 which lies between the southern coast of Italy and 
 the Island of Sicily. 
 
 4. aptari. Apto, are, act. To adapt, to fit, to asso- 
 
 ciate. 
 
 5. Lapithas. See book 1. Ode xviii. ver. 8. 
 
 nimium mero. Overpowered with wine. Nimius, a, 
 um, adj. Excessive, too great. 
 
 6. Hylceum. Hylseus, i, m. One of the centaurs. He 
 
 was the first that endeavourti to lay hands upon 
 Hippodamia, at the feast given by Pirithous, in 
 honour of his marriage ; and was immediately 
 slain by Theseus. 
 
 7. Telluris juvenes. The sons of earth ; i. e. the giants, 
 
 who were the sons of Ccelus and Terra; hence 
 frequently called Terrigence. To revenge the de- 
 feat of their brothers, the Titans, they made war 
 upon Jupiter ; who at length, with the assistance 
 -»f Hercules, put them all to death. 
 
 \ 1« i ms Saturni. Heaven. Saturn was the father of 
 Jupiter. In consequence of some disagreement, 
 Jupiter took up arms against his father, dethroned 
 him, and usurped the sovereignty of gods and 
 men. 
 
 9. pedestribus. Pedes tris, e, adj. Prosaic ; written in 
 prose. 
 
120 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 10. prcelia. Prcelium, i, n. A battle, a fight. 
 
 11. dwtaper vias. Led in triumph through the streets. 
 
 — (Per plateas urbis Romae in triumphum de- 
 ducta.) 
 
 13. Lycimnice. Lycimnia, as, f. A female friend of 
 
 Horace. Some suppose her to have been a wo- 
 man of quality ; but it is not known to whom 
 the poet alludes. 
 
 14. Lucidum, for lucide, adv. Brightly. 
 
 21. Achcemenes. Achaemenes, is, m. The first, and 
 
 one of the richest, kings of Persia. 
 
 22. Mygdonias. Mygdonius, a, um, adj. Phrygian. 
 
 Mygdonia was a country of Phrygia, in Asia 
 Minor. 
 
 23. Crine. For a lock of hair. The order is — Num tu 
 
 velis permutare crine Lycimnice regna, quce olim 
 dives Achcemenes, fyc. 
 
 25. detorquet. Detorqueo, ere, act. To incline, or bend ; 
 
 to draw aside. 
 
 26. Facili scevitid. With an easy or pretended reluc- 
 
 tance. — Saevitia, ae, f. Cruelty. 
 
 27. Quce poscente, &c. In which (kisses) being snatch- 
 
 ed from her, she delights more than her lover 
 who asks for them: nay, sometimes she even 
 anticipates him, by snatching them herself. — 
 Occupo sometimes signifies to anticipate. 
 
 ODE XIII. 
 
 1. THE order is— Me, quicunque primum posuit te, 
 arbos, et posuit te nefasto die, et produxit te sacri* 
 lega manu, in perpiciem, fyc. 
 
 i 
 
BOOK II. ODE XIII. 121 
 
 VERSE 
 
 nefasto die. The Romans divided their days into 
 Dies Fasti and Nefasti, on the latter of which no 
 public business was performed. Horace, how- 
 ever, uses nefastus, to signify unlucky, inauspi- 
 cious. 
 
 2. sacrilegd. Sacrilegus, a, urn, adj. Sacrilegious, wick- 
 ed, profane. 
 
 4. perniciem. Pernicies, ei, f. Destruction, ruin. 
 pagi. Pagus, i, m. A village, a district, a town, 
 a neighbourhood. 
 
 6. penetralia. Penetrale, is, n. The inner part of a 
 
 house ; a chamber. 
 
 7. sparsisse. Spar go, ere, si, sum, act. To sprinkle. 
 cruore. Cruor, oris, m. Blood, gore. 
 
 8. hospitis. Hospes, itis, e.g. A guest, a friend ; also, 
 
 a host. 
 Colcha, for Colchica. Colchicus, a, um, adj. Col- 
 chian : so called from Medea, daughter oiJEetes, 
 king of Colchis, who is said to have possessed an 
 extraordinary knowledge of the powers of herbs. 
 In return for her kindness in assisting him to-«b- 
 tain the golden fleece, Jason married her, and took 
 her back with him to Greece. Captivated, how- 
 ever, by Glauce, a princess of Corinth, he divorced 
 Medea, who revenged herself by killing his chil- 
 dren before his face, and destroying his favourite 
 by means of a poisoned garment, with which she 
 insidiously presented her. 
 
 9. concipitur.l Concipio, ere, epi, eptum, act. To con- 
 ceive, to imagine, to devise. 
 
 11. lignum. Lignum, i, n. A log of wood, a tree. 
 caducum, for casurum. About to fall, doomed to 
 
122 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 fall. — Caducus, a, urn, adj. Ready, or likely, to 
 fall. 
 
 12. immerentis. Immerens, tis, adj. Undeserving, who 
 
 did not deserve it. 
 
 13. Nunquam homini, &c. No man is at all times suffi- 
 
 ciently upon his guard. 
 
 14. Bosporum. Bosporus, i, m. denominated by the 
 
 Ancients the Thracian Bosporus, was a narrow 
 strait, between the Eiixine Sea and the Propon- 
 tis. There was another, called the Cimmerian 
 Bosporus, which joined the Palus Moeotis to the 
 Euxine Sea. 
 
 16. cceca. Csecus, a, um, adj. Blind, hidden, dark, 
 
 unseen. 
 aliunde, adv. Elsewhere ; from any other quarter. 
 
 17. Miles. Supply timet, fromver. 16. 
 
 19. improvisa. Improvlsus, a, um, adj. Unexpected, 
 unforeseen, unprovided for. 
 
 21. Quampcene. How nearly. — Paene, adv. Almost. 
 furvce. Furvus, a, um, adj. Gloomy, dark, black. 
 
 22. judicantem JEacurn. iEacus was king of JEnopia, 
 
 an island in the Mgean ; which he afterwards 
 called JEgina, in honour of his mother. On ac- 
 count of his integrity and justice, he was appoint- 
 ed, after death, to be one of the judges in the 
 infernal regions. — Judicans, tis, part, (from ju- 
 dico.) Administering justice. 
 
 23. discretas. Discretus, a, um, adj. and part. Sepa- 
 
 rate, distinct. 
 25. Sappho. (Gr. ace.) Sappho, us, f. the celebrated 
 Greek poetess, was a native of Lesbos, in iEolia. 
 (See book 1. Ode i. ver. 34.) She was equally 
 3 
 
BOOK II. ODE XIII. 123 
 
 VERSE 
 
 celebrated for her poetry, her beauty, and her 
 ill-requited love. She was the inventress of the 
 Sapphic stanza, which is called by her name- 
 popidaribus. Popularis, e, adj. Of, or belonging 
 to, the same country. 
 27. Akcee. Alcaeus, the Greek lyric poet, and the in- 
 ventor of the Alcaic stanza, was a native of Mity- 
 lene, in the island of Lesbos. He had been en- 
 gaged in wars by sea and land, in one of which 
 he ingloriously fled ; and he had also endured 
 the miseries of exile. 
 
 29. Utrumque, i. e. Alcaeus and Sappho. 
 
 30. Umbra. Umbra, ae, f. A shade, or ghost. 
 
 31. exactos. Exactus, part, (from exigor.) Expelled, 
 
 banished. 
 
 32. densum kumeris. Pressing with their shoulders.— 
 
 Densus, a, um, adj. Thick, close. 
 bibit aure. Drink with the ear ; i. e. Listen atten- 
 tively. — Bibo, ere, bi, itum, act. To drink. — 
 Auris, is, f. An ear. 
 
 33. catrminibiLs. Carmen, inis, n. A verse, a strain, 
 
 or song. 
 stvpens. Stupens, entis, adj. and part. Astonish- 
 ed, enchanted, 
 
 34. Demiitit aures. Hangs down his ears, (in token of 
 
 his gentleness.) — Demitto, ere, si, ssum, act. To 
 hang down. 
 bellua centiceps. The hundred-headed monster; 
 i. e. the dog Cerberus, which Pluto placed at the 
 gates of the infernal regions, to prevent the liv- 
 ing from entering, and the dead from returning. 
 He is called centiceps, not from the number of 
 g2 
 
124 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 TERSE 
 
 his heads — for he had but three — but from the 
 snakes which covered those three heads, instead 
 of hair. 
 
 35. intorti. Intortus, part, and adj. Twisted, entangled, 
 
 curled. 
 
 36. Eumenidum. Eumenides, um, f. pi. The three 
 
 furies, Tisiphone, Alecto, and Megaera. They 
 were infernal deities, whose office it was to exe- 
 cute the vengeance of the Gods upon the guilty 
 on earth, by war and pestilence ; and in hell, by 
 torture. Their heads were covered with ser- 
 pents. 
 
 37. See book 1. Ode hi. ver. 27 ; and Ode xxviii. ver. 7. 
 
 38. Laborum decipitur. Forget their labours. — It is a 
 
 Greek expression : thus, XavSavu novuv. — De- 
 cipio, ere, epi, eptum, act. To deceive. 
 
 39. Orion. Orion, onis, m. A giant of extraordinary 
 
 size and strength, and eminent for his skill in 
 hunting ; a sport which he is represented as pur- 
 suing after death, in the infernal regions. Hav- 
 ing offered an insult to the chastity of Diana, he 
 was slain by the hand of the Goddess ; or, as 
 some say, by Apollo. After death, he was 
 changed into a constellation, the rising of which 
 is frequently attended with tempestuous wea- 
 ther. 
 
 40. Ly?icas. (Gr. ace. pi.) Lynx, cis, m. A lynx. 
 
 ODE XIV. 
 
 1. POSTUME. Postiimus, i, m. It is not known 
 who this friend of Horace was. 
 
BOOK II. ODE XIV. 125 
 
 VERSE 
 
 2. labuntur. Labor, i, lapsus sum, dep. Glide away. 
 
 pass insensibly. 
 
 3. rugis. Ruga, se, f. A wrinkle. 
 
 instanti. Instans, tis, part, (from insto.) Approach- 
 ing, pressing upon us. 
 
 4. indomitce. Indomitus, part, and adj. Unconquered, 
 
 invincible, implacable. 
 
 5. trecenis. Treceni, se, a, adj. pi. Three hundred. 
 (>. illacrymabilem. (Qui lachrymis non flectitur.) Illa- 
 
 crymabilis, e, adj. Inexorable. 
 
 8. Geryonen. Geryon, onis, m. A monster, whom the 
 
 poets represent with three heads and three bodies, 
 In his dominions in Spain, he fed his oxen with 
 human flesh, and guarded them with a two-headed 
 dog, called Orthos, and a seven-headed dragon. 
 He was killed by Hercules, whose tenth labour 
 was fulfilled in the achievement. 
 
 Tityon. (Gr. ace.) Tityos, i, m. A celebrated giant, 
 whose body is said to have covered nine acres of 
 land. Having offered violence to Latona, he was 
 killed by her son, Apollo, and cast into the infer- 
 nal regions, where a vulture preyed on his bowels, 
 which grew as fast as they were destroyed, to ren- 
 der his punishment eternal. 
 
 tristi undd. A periphrasis for the river Styx. 
 
 9. compescit. Compesco, ere, ui, act. To confine, sub- 
 
 due, detain. 
 
 10. vescimur. Vescor, ci, dep. To feed, to live upon. 
 
 11. enavigandd. Enavigandus, part, (from enavigor.) 
 
 Which must be sailed over. It agrees with unda. 
 The order is — Tristi unda, scilicet enaviganda 
 omnibus, quicumque, fyc. 
 g3 
 
126 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 13. careUmus. Careo, ere, ui, act. To want, to be 
 without, to escape. 
 
 17. languido. Languidus, a, um, adj. Languid, slow. 
 
 18. Cocytos. (Gr. nom.) Cocytus, i, m. A river flow- 
 
 ing through the infernal regions, whose waters 
 were extremely unwholesome. 
 Danai genus. The Danai'des, or fifty daughters of 
 Danaus, all of whom, except the youngest, Hjj- 
 pernmestra, in obedience to their father's com- 
 mands, murdered their husbands on their wed- 
 ding night. They were punished in Tartarus, 
 by being condemned to fill a leaky vessel with 
 water, which ran out as fast as it was poured in. 
 
 20. Sisyphus jEolides, Sisyphus, the son of iEolus, 
 was a celebrated Grecian king, said to be the 
 founder of Corinth. As a punishment for his 
 crimes, he was sentenced to roll a huge stone to 
 the top of a mountain, which, as soon as it reach- 
 ed the summit, rolled down again into the plain ; 
 and thus rendered his punishment eternal. 
 
 22. arborum. Arbos, oris, f. A tree. — The Romans 
 took great pleasure in the cultivation of trees : the 
 cypress, however, is called invisa, (hated,) from 
 its being used in funerals, a branch of it being 
 placed over the door of a house, to intimate that 
 it contained a dead person. The order is— 
 Neque ulla arbos harum arborum quas, fyc. 
 
 26. Clavibus. Clavis, is, f. A key. — Hence applied 
 
 metaphorically to the solution of any difficulty : 
 
 thus, " Clavis Horatiana," A Key to solve the 
 
 difficulties in Horace. 
 
 mero tinguet superbo. An hypallage, for superbus. 
 
BOOK II. ODE XV. 127 
 
 VERSE 
 
 (subaud. Hares.) Tingo and tinguo, ere, xi, 
 ctum, act. To dye, to stain, to imbue. 
 28. potiore ccenis. Preferable to the suppers of the 
 priests. See book 1. Ode xxxvi. ver. 12. 
 
 ODE XV. 
 
 1. JAM. Soon. 
 
 Jugera. Jugerum, i, n. An acre. 
 regtce. Regius, a, um, adj. Royal, sumptuous, 
 magnificent. 
 
 2. relinquent. Relinquo, ere, iqui, ictum, act. To leave, 
 
 to relinquish. 
 Moles. Moles, is, f. A mass ; also, an edifice. 
 
 3. visentur. Viso, ere, act. To go to see, to visit. 
 Lucrino. The lake Lucrinus was situated in Cam- 
 pania, opposite Baice. Augustus united it to the 
 sea. It abounded in excellent oysters. 
 
 4. stagna. Stagnum, i, n. Standing water, a pool, a 
 
 fish-pond. 
 ccelebs. Unmarried ; not united to, or supporting, 
 a vine ; as the elm, and other trees. 
 
 5. violaria. Violarium, i, n. A violet bed. 
 
 6. Copia narium. The riches of the smell ; i.e. Odo- 
 
 riferous shrubs and flowers. — Naris, is, f. The 
 nose, the nostrils. 
 
 7. olivetis. Olivetum, i, n. An olive-grove. 
 
 9. spissa. Spissus, a, um, adj. Thick, crowded. 
 
 10. ictus. Ictus, us, m. A blow. Hence, metapho- 
 
 rically, the rays of the sun. 
 g4 
 
128 . CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 Romuli. Romulus was the founder, and the first 
 king, of Rome. 
 
 11. Pr&scriptum. (subaud. est.) Prsescribo, ere, psi, 
 
 ptum, act. To prescribe, to ordain. 
 Catonis. C&to, onis, m. < N M. Porcius) surnamed 
 the Censor, from his inflexible integrity. In his 
 time the beard was never shaven : whence Ho- 
 race calls him intonsus. 
 
 12. norma. Norma, ae, f. The square by which work- 
 
 men direct themselves in building : hence, a rule, 
 a law. The order is- — Non ita prcescriptum est 
 auspiciis Romuli et intonsi Catonis, normaque 
 veterum. 
 
 13. census. Census, us, m. Property, an estate, wealth. 
 
 14. decempedis metata. Measured by ten-foot rules. — 
 
 Decempeda, se, f. A rule, or scale, ten feet long. 
 
 15. privatis. (subaud. erat.) Belonged to private per- 
 
 sons. 
 
 16. excipiebat Arcton. Admitted the northern breeze. 
 
 Arctos, i, m. Properly, the constellation of the 
 Bear in the North Pole. 
 
 17. fortuitum cespitem. Turf, thrown in the way by 
 
 chance, (for the purpose of building private 
 dwellings.) — Fortultus, a, um, adj. Fortuitous, 
 accidental. 
 
 1 8. oppida. Oppidum, i, n. A town. — It here, per- 
 
 haps, signifies any public building. 
 20. novo. Novus, a, um, adj. New. Hence, orna- 
 mental, elegant. The order of the passage is — 
 Jubentes (i. e. leges) decor are oppida et templa 
 Deorum novo saxo, publico sumtu. 
 
BOOK II. ODE XVI. 129 
 
 ODE XVI. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 1. OTIUM. Otium, ii, n. Ease, tranquillity, leisure. 
 
 — The repetition of the word otium, is energetic 
 and emphatic. Catullus has used the same word 
 six times in one strophe. 
 
 2. Prensus, (supply Nauta, from ver. 4.) Prensus, part. 
 
 (from Prendor.) Caught, surprised. 
 
 3. Certa. Certus, a, um, adj. Certain, distinct, clear. 
 
 5. Thrace. Thrace, es, f. A barren tract to the north 
 
 of Greece, which now forms part of Turkey in 
 Europe. The Thracians were looked [upon as a 
 brave, but revengeful people ; and highly intem- 
 perate in the use of wine. 
 
 6. decori. Decorus, a, um, adj. Graceful, adorned, 
 
 furnished. 
 
 7. Grosphe. Pompeius Grosphus was a friend of Ho- 
 
 race, possessed of an extensive estate in the Island 
 of Sicily. 
 venale. Venalis, e, adj. Venal, to be sold. 
 
 9. consularis, Consularis, e, adj. Property; consular; 
 
 of consular dignity : also, attendant upon the con- 
 suls. 
 
 1 0. Summovet Lictor. It was part of the Lictor's duty 
 
 to remove the crowd, and make a way for the 
 Consuls. The Lictors were twelve officers, who 
 carried the fasces, or insignia of office, (see book 
 1. Ode xii. ver. 35.) before the Consuls. 
 
 11. laqueata. Laqueatus, a, um, adj. and part. Vault- 
 
 ed, arched. 
 
 12. tecta. Tectum, i, n. A roof; also, a house. 
 
 g5 
 
130 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 volantes. Volans, tis, part, (from volo.) Flying. — 
 A metaphor taken from swallows. 
 
 13. vivitur. (subaud. ab Mo.) 
 
 paternum. Paternus, a, um, adj. Paternal. 
 
 14. salinum, Salinum, i, n. A salt-cellar. — From Ho- 
 
 mer we learn the estimation in which salt was 
 held by the Antients : it was considered sacred, 
 and it was an indispensable requisite at every 
 table. 
 
 15. Cupido. Cupido, Tdinis, m. Desire; also, (as here) 
 
 avarice. 
 
 16. aufert. Aufero, rre, abstiili, ablatum. To take 
 
 away, to remove, to prevent. 
 
 17- Quid brevi, &c. The order is — Quid fortes brevi 
 cevo jaculamur multa ? Why do we, who retain 
 our strength but for a short time, grasp, or aim 
 at, many things, which are beyond our reach. — 
 Jaciilor, ari, dep. Properly, to throw a dart; to 
 aim at, to attempt. 
 
 19. mutamus. Muto, are, act. To change ; here, to 
 seek in exchange. 
 
 21. Scandit. Scando, ere, di, sum, act. To climb, to 
 
 mount, to ascend. 
 ceratas. iEratus, a, um, adj. Brazen, with brazen 
 
 prows. 
 vitiosa. Vitiosus, a, um, adj. Vicious, malignant. 
 
 22. cura. Cura, se, f. Care, solicitude, anxiety. 
 turmas. Turma, se, f. A troop, a company. 
 equitum. Eqiies, itis, m. A horseman. 
 
 24. Euro. Eurus, i, m. The east wind ; any wind, 
 
 25. Icetus. Laetus, a, um, adj. Joyful, content, cheer- 
 
 ful. The order is — Animus Icetus in prcesens 
 
BOOK II. ODE XVII. 131 
 
 VERSE 
 
 oder it, i. e. non sustineat, curare quod ultra 
 est. 
 30. Tithonum. Tithonus was the favourite of Aurora, 
 the goddess of the morning. She made him her 
 husband, presented him with immortality, let 
 him linger in miserable old age, and changed him 
 into a cricket. 
 minuit. Minuo, ere, ui, act. To lessen, to dimi- 
 nish, to waste away. 
 
 32. porriget. Porrigo, ere, exi, ectum, act. To ex- 
 
 tend, to present, to prolong. 
 Hora. Hora, ae, f. An hour : it is here used for 
 time, fate, or futurity. 
 
 33. Te greges, &c. The order is — Centum greges, et 
 
 centum SicuUz vaccce mugiunt circum te. 
 34>. mugiunt. Miigio, Ire, ivi, itum, neut. To low, or 
 bellow, as an ox. 
 Hinnitum. Hinnitus, us, m. A neighing. 
 
 35. quadrigis. Quadriga, ae, f. A chariot drawn by 
 
 four horses ; a team of four horses. 
 
 36. murice. Miirex, icis, m. Purple: properly, a 
 
 shell-fish, of whose liquor a purple dye is made. 
 39. non mendax. Sure, unerring. — Mendax, acis, adj. 
 False, deceitful. 
 malignum. Malignus,a,um,adj. Malicious, envious. 
 
 ODE XVII. 
 
 1. EX ANIMAS. Exanimo, are, act. To kill, to af- 
 flict, to distress greatly. 
 g 6 
 
132 CLAV1S HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 2. amicum. Amicus, a, um, adj. Friendly. — It is here 
 
 used in the sense of the Greek, <pl\ov ; pleasing, 
 agreeable. 
 prhis. Before me. — Prius, adv. First. 
 
 3. Obire. (subaud. mortem.) To die. — Obeo, ire, ii, 
 
 itum. To meet, to undergo. 
 
 4. Columen. Columen, mis, n. The principal beam, 
 
 or prop, of an edifice ; a pillar. Hence, Columen 
 rerum, the support or stay of my affairs. Com- 
 pare book 1. Ode i. ver. 2. 
 
 5. Partem. Pars, tis, f. A part, a portion. — It is used 
 
 here in the sense of a half : so dimidium ; book 1 . 
 Ode iii. ver. 8. 
 
 6. maturior. (compar.) Maturus, a, um, adj. Prema- 
 
 ture, early. 
 vis. Vis, is, f. Violence, force, death. 
 altera, subaud. pars animce mece. 
 8. utramque ruinam, i. e. utriusque. 
 
 10. sacramentum. Sacramentum, i, n. An oath: (in 
 
 allusion to the oath of obedience, taken by the 
 soldiers, when they enlisted.) 
 
 11. supremum carpere iter. To enter upon our last 
 
 journey; i.e. To die. — Carpo, ere, psi, ptum, act. 
 To take, to enter upon. 
 
 IS. Chimcera. The Chimsera (see book 1. Ode xxvii. 
 ver. 20.) was said to vomit fire. 
 
 14. Centimanus Gyges. Gyges, called also Briareus 
 and JEgceon, was a celebrated giant, who had 
 fifty heads and a hundred hands. Hence, Cen- 
 timanus. It is probable that he was a daring 
 pirate or robber, with a number of men under his 
 command, which gave rise to the fable. 
 8 
 
BOOK II. ODE XVII. 133 
 
 VERSE 
 
 15. divellet. Divello, ere, li, vulsum, act. To sepa- 
 rate, to tear asunder. 
 
 17. Libra, the scales ; Scorpius, the scorpion : two of 
 
 the signs of the Zodiac. 
 
 18. pars. That part of the sign which was seen at 
 
 the moment of a person's birth. The Antients 
 supposed that the life of man was regulated by 
 the influence of the stars, which appeared above 
 the horizon, at the time when he was born. 
 20. Capricornus. The goat. Another of the signs of 
 the Zodiac. When the sun was in this sign, the 
 western seas were very tempestuous. Hence, 
 Tyrannus Hesperice undce. 
 
 22. consentit. Consentio, ire, si, sum, n. To consent, 
 
 to agree, to accord. 
 
 23. Saturno refulgens. Shining in opposition to Saturn. 
 
 (It was thought, that if the child was born under 
 the direct influence of the planet Saturn, he would 
 be taken off by sudden death. Hence, impio. 
 If, however, Jupiter was in opposition to that 
 planet, he was believed, by astrologers, to cor- 
 rect his malignant effects. — Refulgeo, ere, si. To 
 shine upon, to reflect.) 
 
 24. volucris. Volucer, or, cris, e, adj. Swift, winged. 
 
 25. populus. Populus, i, m. The people. (Subaud. 
 
 Romanics.) 
 frequens. Frequens, frequentis, adj. Frequent, 
 numerous, crowded. 
 27. Truncus. Truncus, i, m. The trunk of a tree; a 
 tree. See Ode xiii. supra. 
 illapsus. part, (from illabor, dep.) Falling. 
 
134 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 cerebro. Cerebrum, i, n. The brain : hence, by 
 synecdoche, the head. 
 
 28. sustulerat, by enallage, for sustulisset. Tollo, ere, 
 
 act. To take away, remove, to kill. 
 Faunus. See book 1 . Ode iv. ver. 1 1 . 
 
 29. dextrd. Dextra, ae, f. The right-hand. 
 Mercurialium custos virorum. See Ode vii. ver. 13. 
 
 30. reddere. Reddo, ere, didi, itum, act. To offer, to 
 
 give, to pay. 
 victimas. Victima, 33, f. A victim ; a sacrifice of 
 a larger beast ; so hostia, of a smaller, as a lamb, 
 ver. 32. 
 
 31. Mdem votivam. A temple, built in performance of 
 
 a vow, made to that purpose. — iEdes, is, f. A 
 temple, a house. 
 
 32. feriemus. Ferio, ire, percussi, act. To strike, to 
 
 kill, to sacrifice. 
 
 ODE XVIII. 
 
 2. RENIDET. Renideo, ere, ui, n. To shine, to 
 
 glitter. 
 lacunar. Lacunar, aris, n. A fretted ceiling : pro- 
 bably, an ornamented part of the roof, from which 
 the chandeliers were suspended. Pendebant lychni 
 laquearibus aureis. Virgil. 
 
 3. Trabes Hymettice, &c. The marble of Mount Hy- 
 
 mettus (see Ode vi. ver. 14.) was very valuable; 
 and the wood of the citron tree, which was sent to 
 Rome from Africa, was perhaps still more so. 
 But it does not appear that the wood of Hymettus 
 
BOOK II. ODE XVIII. 135 
 
 VERSE 
 
 was in any repute. The best reading, therefore, 
 is most likely that which is adopted by Francis — 
 T rales Hymettias premunt columnas recisce, &c. 
 Trabes (beams) does not apply very well to mar- 
 ble ; and columnce (pillars) are perhaps more gene- 
 rally of stone than of wood. 
 4. recisas. Recido, ere, Idi, cisum, act. To cut off, to 
 cut clown. 
 ultima Africa. In the most distant part of Africa. 
 
 6. Ignotus hceres. Aristonicus, who, upon the death of 
 
 Attalus, seized upon his throne ; but being con- 
 quered by Perpenna, the Roman general, was 
 carried to Rome, where he was put to death by 
 order of the senate. — Ignotus, a, um, adj. Un- 
 known. 
 occupavi. Occupo, are, act. To occupy, to take 
 possession. — This verb sometimes implies unjust 
 possession : whence it has been supposed, that 
 Horace would insinuate, that the Romans had 
 forged the will in which Attalus made them his 
 heirs. 
 
 7. Laconkas purpuras. The Laconian purple was by 
 
 far the most esteemed. — Purpura, ae, f. Purple. 
 It is here put for the thread, which was dyed with 
 purple. 
 
 8. Trahunt. Traho, ere, xi, ctum, act, To draw ; 
 
 also, to spin. 
 clientce, i. e. Clientium uxores. The wives of my 
 tenants. — Clienta, ae, f. A female tenant. 
 
 9. ingeni benigna vena. A liberal flow of (poetic) ta- 
 
 lent. — Ingenium, ii, n. Talent, genius. — Vena, 
 ae, f. A vein ; also, a flow, a source. 
 
136 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 1 1 . petit. Peto, ere, act. To seek, to court, to favour. 
 
 12. amicum. My friend (Maecenas.) — Amicus, i, m. 
 
 A friend. 
 
 13. largiora. Largus, a, um, adj. (Compar. largior.) 
 
 Great, large, plentiful, bountiful. 
 Jlagito. Flagito, are, act. To ask, to require, to 
 demand eagerly. 
 
 14. Satis beatus. Perfectly content. — Satis, adv. 
 
 Enough, sufficiently. 
 Sabinis. (subaud. agris.) In my Sabine estate. — 
 Maecenas had given Horace a small estate in the 
 Sabine territory. 
 
 15. truditur. Trudo, ere, si, sum, act. To drive for- 
 
 ward, to thrust. 
 
 16. pergunt. Pergo, ere, rexi, rectum, n. To proceed, 
 
 to advance, to hasten. 
 
 17. Tu, &c. Tu is here put for any indefinite person. 
 
 fTu, quicunque sis.) You are hiring marble to 
 be cut for you ; i. e. You are hiring men to cut 
 marble, at the very period of your existence. — 
 Loco, are, act. To let out to hire ; to bargain 
 to have a thing donie. 
 
 18. sepulchri immemor. Our excellent novellist, Field- 
 
 ing, thus paraphrases this sentence : " You pro- 
 vide the noblest materials for building, when a 
 pick-axe and a spade are only necessary ; and 
 build houses of five hundred by a hundred feet, 
 forgetting that of six by two." 
 20. Baiis. Baiae, arum, f. pi. A pleasant town of 
 Campania, near Puteoli, to which the richer citi- 
 zens resorted, for the sake of its salubrious 
 waters, and the warm baths which were built 
 there. 
 
BOOK II. ODE XVIII. 137 
 
 VF.RSE 
 
 obstrepentis. Obstrepens, part, (from obstrepor.) 
 roaring against. 
 
 24. revellis. Revello, ere, act. To pluck up, to tear 
 away, to remove. 
 terminos. Terminus, i, m. A bound, land-mark, 
 
 a border. 
 ultra salts, i. e. TransiUs. You overleap, you 
 transgress. — Salio, Ire, ui, and ivi, saltum, neut. 
 To leap. — (By the old Roman law, as established 
 by Numa, the man who removed his neighbour's 
 landmark, was accounted an homo sacer, or ac- 
 cursed.) 
 
 26. pellitur. Pello, ere, act. To expel, to drive out, 
 to banish. 
 
 29. Nulla certior, &c. The order is — Tamen nulla aula 
 manet te divitem herum certior destinatd fine 
 rapacis orci. — Rapax, acis, adj. Rapacious, 
 greedy. 
 
 32. cequa tellus. The impartial earth. — Compare book 
 1. Ode iv. ver. 12.— Tellus, uris, f. The earth. 
 
 34. satelles. Satelles, itis, m. A guard, an officer, an 
 
 attendant.— Charon, or perhaps Cerberus, is here 
 meant ; though death is metaphorically intended. 
 See Ode hi. ver. 28 ; andOdexiii. ver. 34. 
 
 35. callidum. Callidus, a, urn, adj. Cunning, wise, 
 
 skilful, artful. 
 
 36. revexit. Reveho, ere, exi, ctum, act. To carry 
 
 back, to bring back again. 
 auro captus. Captivated by his gold. — Here is an 
 allusion to some tradition respecting Prometheus, 
 which is not now known. — Captus, part, (from 
 capior.) Taken, captivated. 
 
138 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VERS! 
 
 38. genus. Genus, eris, n. Race, family, posterity. 
 levare. Levo, are, act. To relieve, to ease, to re- 
 lease. 
 
 39. laboribus. Labor, oris, m. Toil, labour, distress, 
 
 suffering. 
 
 40. Vocatus atque non vocatus audit. This may be an 
 
 allusion to the well-known fable of the old man 
 and the bundle of faggots. It has been sup- 
 posed, however, to refer to the word of the Del- 
 phic oracle '. KaXovfxevog re iced aKXrjrog Sebg Trctptrai. 
 Vocatus atque non vocatus Deus (i. e. Mors) 
 veniet. — Audit here signifies, is ready. 
 
 ODE XIX. 
 
 B AC CHUM. Bacchus, i, m. The son of Jupiter 
 and Semele, and the god of wine. Jealous of the 
 love which Jupiter had for his mother, Juno caused 
 her death during her pregnancy, but the child was 
 preserved in the thigh of his father. He was 
 delivered at his birth to the Bacchce^ who nou- 
 rished him with great care ; milk, wine, and honey 
 springing from the earth at their touch. As he 
 grew up, his step-mother, Juno, persecuted him 
 with restless malice ; and, compelled by her to 
 wander, he travelled through Egypt, Thrace, and 
 India. While at Thebes, Pentheus, the king of 
 that place, dared to question his divinity, and in- 
 sult his person, and he was killed by the infuriated 
 Bacchanals, his own mother being the first to 
 
BOOK II. ODE XIX. 139 
 
 VERSE 
 
 attack him. Lycurgus, also, king of the Edoni, 
 grievously insulted him, by cutting down all the 
 vines in his dominions, and he was eventually torn 
 to pieces by wild horses. In the war with the 
 Giants, he is said to have transformed himself 
 into a lion, and to have fought with unexampled 
 bravery. He benefited every nation which he 
 visited in his travels ; and meeting Ariadne, who 
 had been ungratefully abandoned by Theseus, he 
 became enamoured with her, and presented her 
 with a crown of seven stars, which afterwards be- 
 came a constellation. These particulars are al- 
 luded to in the present Ode, which was written 
 most probably upon the occasion of some Baccha- 
 nalian festival. 
 
 in remotis rupibus. Among distant rocks : (as being 
 the haunts of the Nymphs and Satyrs. See book 
 1. Ode i. ver. 31.) — Remotus, part, and adj. Re- 
 mote, distant. 
 
 carmina docentem. Delivering his instructions in 
 verse. — Doceo, ere, ui, ctum, act. To teach. 
 
 4. capripedum. Capripes, edis, adj. Goat-footed. 
 acutas. Attentive. — Acutus, a, um, adj. Acute, 
 
 sharp, listening with attention. It may refer, how- 
 ever, to the oblong form of their ears. See book 
 1. Ode i. ver. 31. 
 
 5. Euoe. The exclamation of the Bacchanals at the fes- 
 
 tivals in honour of the Deity. 
 
 6. Turbidum, for turbide, adv. Tumultuously. 
 
 8. Gravi Thyrso. With your terrible Thyrsus. Bac- 
 chus is represented as holding in his hand a small 
 
140 CLAVIS HORAT1ANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 lance, covered with ivy and vine leaves, called a 
 Thyrsus, 
 
 9. fas est mihi. It is allowed me ; I am determined. 
 pervicaces. Pervicax, acis, adj. Obstinate ; also, 
 
 wanton. 
 Thyiades. Thyiades, um, f. pi. The Bacchse, or 
 priestesses of Bacchus, so called from Su W , insanio; 
 or from Thyone. See book 1. Ode xvii. ver. 23, 
 
 10. vinique — mella. See ver. 1. 
 
 13. Conjugis. Ariadne. See ver. 1. Conjux, ugis, f. 
 
 A wife. 
 
 14. Penthei. Pentheus, i, m. The son of Echion and 
 
 Agave, and king of Bceotia. See ver. 1. 
 
 15. Non lent, i. e. gravi. Severe, tremendous. — (Lito- 
 
 tes.) 
 
 16. Thracis Lycurgi. See ver. 1. 
 
 17. Amnes. The rivers Indus and Ganges. See ver. 1. 
 
 Amnis, is, ra. A stream, a river. 
 mare barbarian. The Indian Sea. See ver. 1. 
 
 18. separatis, i.e. remotis. Secluded. Separatus, part. 
 
 (from separor.) Separated, remote, secluded. 
 
 20. Bistonidum. Bistones, idum, f. The Thracian wo- 
 
 men. It is said, that in celebrating the orgies of 
 Bacchus, they carried snakes upon their heads, 
 and in their hands, without receiving any injury, 
 ( sine fraude.) 
 
 21, per arduum. (subaud. aera.) The Giants invaded 
 
 Heaven, by means of mountains heaped one upon 
 another. 
 23. Rhcetum. Rhcetus, i, m. One of the giants whom 
 Bacchus hurled back to the earth, and killed. 
 See ver. 1, 
 
BOOK II. ODE XX. 141 
 
 VERSE 
 
 24. mala. Mala, se, f. The cheek, the jaw. 
 
 26. dictus, for addictus. Dictus, part, (from dicor.) 
 
 Devoted, addicted. 
 idoneus. Idoneus, a, um, adj. Fit, adapted. 
 
 27. ferebaris. Fero, rre. To bear; also, to celebrate. 
 
 28. medius. Equally fitted. Medius, a, um, adj. The 
 
 middle : hence, equalled suited or inclined. 
 
 29. insons. Insons, insontis, adj. Innocent, harmless. 
 
 30. cornu. Cornu, n. indecl. in sing. A horn. The 
 
 poets attributed horns to Bacchus, because wine 
 is often the cause of fights and quarrels, or be- 
 cause he was the first who ploughed with 
 oxen. 
 
 decorum. Decorus, a, um, adj. Ornamented, grace- 
 ful, handsome, decorated. 
 
 leniter. Leniter, adv. Gently, tamely. 
 
 atterens. Atterens, tis, part, (from attero.) Rub- 
 bing against you; wagging. 
 
 31. recedentis. Of you returning. Recedens, part. 
 
 (from recedo.) Retiring, returning. 
 trilingui. Trilinguis, e, adj. Having three tongues. 
 See Ode xiii. ver. 34. 
 
 ODE XX. 
 
 NON usitata. Unusual, unwonted ; i. e. superior 
 to that which I have formerly used. Usitatus, a, 
 um, adj. Usual, ordinary. 
 
 biformis vates. A two-formed poet; partly a man, 
 and partly a bird. See book 1. Ode vi. ver. 2. 
 
142 CLAVIS H0RAT1ANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 4. Invidid major, Superior to envy : rendered more 
 
 distinguished by the envy of my rivals. Invidia, 
 se, f. Envy, hatred. 
 
 5. pauper um sanguis parenium. Although the offspring 
 
 of poor parents. Sanguis, mis, m. Blood ; also, 
 descent, offspring, kindred. 
 
 6. quern vocas dilecte. Whom you call, my dear friend; 
 
 i. e. whom you honour with the name of friend. 
 Dilectus, adj. and part. Beloved, dear. 
 
 7. obibo. See Ode xvii. ver. 3. 
 
 8. cohibebor. Cohibeo, ere, ui, itum, act. To confine, 
 
 to restrain, to detain. 
 
 9. residunt. Resido, £re, sidi, neut. To settle, to fix 
 
 upon, to cleave. 
 cruribus. Crus, uris, n. The leg, or thigh. 
 
 10. pelles. Pellis, is, f. The skin, or hide: here, the 
 
 down of a swan. 
 
 11. superna. Supernus, a, urn, adj. Above, from the 
 
 waist upward. 
 
 12. plumce. Pluma, se, f. A plume, a feather. 
 
 13. Dcedaleo Icaro. See book 1. Ode ill. ver. 34. 
 
 14. Bospori. See Ode xiii. ver. 14. 
 
 15. Syrtes Gcetulas. See book 1. Ode xxii. ver. 5. 
 
 Gaetulus, a, urn, adj. African. Gcetulia was a 
 country in the northern part of Africa. 
 
 16. Hyperboreos campos. The desert plains in the 
 
 north of Russia. 
 
 17. Colckus. Colchus, i, f. or Colchis, idos, f. A large 
 
 country in the east of the Euxine Sea; remark- 
 able from the story of the Argonautic expedition. 
 20 . Iber. An inhabitant of that part of Spain, through 
 which the river Iberus, now the Ebro t passes. 
 
BOOK II. ODE XX. 143 
 
 VERSE 
 
 In the time of Augustus, the sciences had made 
 some progress in Spain. Hence the epithet peri- 
 tus, skilful, learned. 
 Rhodani poter. One who drinks of the Rhone ', a 
 large and rapid river in Transalpine Gaul. 
 24. Mitte, for omitte. Mitto, ere, isi, missum, act. 
 To send : here, to omit, to dispense with. 
 supervacuos. Supervacuus, a,um, adj. Superfluous, 
 empty, useless, unprofitable. 
 
CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 BOOK III. 
 
 ODE I. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 1. ODI. I hate; I cannot endure. So Juvenal, Non 
 
 possum ferre. Sat. ii. ver. 60. It has been thought, 
 that this was the introduction to the Carmen Sccu- 
 lare, but perhaps without any reason. The lan- 
 guage, which is borrowed from religious ordi- 
 nances, is very well suited to the purport of this 
 Ode, which is of a serious description. 
 
 Profanum* Prof anus, a, urn, adj. Profane, unini- 
 tiated, unhallowed. It was usual, at the begin- 
 ning of the sacrifices, to exclude the profane^ or 
 those, who being uninitiated, were only allowed 
 (pro fano stare) to stand before the gate of the 
 Temple. 
 
 arceo* Arceo, ere, ui, act. To drive away, to keep 
 off. 
 
 2. Favete Unguis. Be favourable (i. e. be silent) with 
 
 your tongues ; preserve a religious silence. (It 
 is the form of words, which was used by a public 
 crier, to enjoin the strictest silence, during the 
 
BOOK III. ODE I. 145 
 
 VERSE 
 
 prayer which was offered to all the Gods, imme- 
 diately preceding any solemn sacrifice.) Faveo, 
 ere, favi, fautum. To favour, to befriend. 
 non prius audita. Never before heard of. Horace 
 seems to allude to the immoral tendency of lyric 
 poetry in general. Auditus, part, (from audior.) 
 Heard, listened to. 
 5. Begum, &c. The order is — Imperium regum timen~ 
 dorum est in jpropnos greges ; imperium Jovis, 
 clari giganteo triumpho, et moventis cuncta super - 
 cilio, est in ipsos reges. Grex, egis, m. A flock ; 
 also, a company, a people. Kings are not impro- 
 perly called the shepherds of their people. 
 
 8. super cilio. Super cilium, i, n. A nod, an eyebrow, 
 
 majesty. 
 
 9. Est, for Evenit. It is possible, it happens. 
 
 latius. (compar.) Late, adv. Widely, extensively. 
 ordinet. Ordino, are, act. To set in order, to ar- 
 range, to plant. 
 
 10. arbusta. Arbustum, i, n. A grove, or orchard. 
 sulcis. Sulcus, i, m. A furrow, a trench, a row. 
 generosior. Generosus, a, um, adj. Generous, of 
 
 noble birth. 
 
 11. Campum. Campus, i, m. The Campus Martius, 
 
 in which the election of magistrates took place. 
 petitor. Petitor, oris, m. A candidate, one that 
 solicits for an office. 
 
 12. moribus. Mos, m5ris, m. Character, worth, vir- 
 
 tue : also, a manner, a way, fashion, or custom. 
 14. Necessitas, subaud. Mortis. 
 16. capax urna. See book 2. Ode hi. ver. 25. C^pax, 
 
 acis, adj. Capacious, large, wide. 
 
 H 
 
146 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 17. districtus. Districtus, part, (a distringor.J Drawn, 
 
 unsheathed ; properly, drawn different ways, per- 
 plexed. — It is supposed that Horace here alludes 
 to the story of Damocles, who having praised the 
 happiness of the tyrant Dionysius, was persuaded 
 by him to accept the government for a short 
 time ; when, upon ascending the throne, he was 
 terrified by the sight of a sword suspended over 
 his head by a horse-hair. 
 
 18. Siculce dapes. Dapes, um, pi. f. Feasts, dainties. 
 
 Siculus, a, um, adj. Sicilian. (Dionysius was 
 king or tyrant of Sicily.) 
 
 19. elaborabunt. Elaboro, are, act. To work out, 
 
 produce. 
 saporem. Sapor, oris, m. Flavour, relish. 
 
 20. citharce, Cithara, ae, f. A harp, a lyre. 
 
 21. agrestium virorum. Rustics. Agrestis, e, adj. Of, 
 
 or belonging to, the country. 
 
 22. lenis. Lenis, e, adj. Gentle, soft, easy, mild, calm. 
 humiles domos. Cottages. Humilis, e, adj. Hum- 
 ble, poor, mean. — The moral contained in this 
 Ode is beautifully treated by our own immortal 
 Shakspeare : 
 
 " The shepherd's homely curds, 
 His wonted sleep under afresh tree's shade, 
 All which secure and sweetly he enjoys, 
 Is far beyond a prince's delicates, 
 His viands sparkling in a golden cup, 
 His body couched in a curious bed, 
 Where care, mistrust, and treason, wait on hitn." 
 
 HBNnr VI. Part 3. Act 2. Sc. 5. 
 
 See also the beautiful soliloquy at the opening of 
 the third act of Henry V. 
 
BOOK III. ODE I. 147 
 
 VERSE 
 
 23. fastidit. Fastidio, ire, ivi, Itura, act. To abhor, 
 
 disdain, scorn, detest. 
 ripam. Ripa, ae, f. The bank of a river ; any 
 bank. 
 
 24. Tempe. See book 1. Ode vii. ver. 4. It is here 
 
 put for any sequestered valley. 
 
 26. solicitat. Solicito, are, act. To trouble, to annoy, 
 
 to disturb. 
 
 27. Arcturi. Arcturus, i, m. A constellation, which 
 
 derives its name, (ab "Aptcrog, a bear, and ovpa, 
 a tail,) from its situation in the tail of the Great 
 Bear. Its setting is usually attended with stormy 
 weather. 
 
 28. Hcedi. Hoedus, i, m. A kid; a star, or constel- 
 
 lation, so called ; at the rising of which, the sea 
 is usually boisterous. 
 30. fundus. Fundus, i, m. A farm, an estate, a piece 
 of land. 
 Mendax. Mendax, acis, adj. Deceitful; disap- 
 pointing his expectations. 
 
 33. senthmt. Sentio, ire, si, sum, act. To perceive, 
 
 to know. 
 
 34. molibus. See book 2. Ode xv. ver. 2. 
 frequens redemtor cumfamulis. An hypallage, for 
 
 frequentibus cum famulis. Redemtor, oris, m. 
 A conductor, or undertaker, of a work. 
 
 35. Ccementa. Caementum, i, m. Unhewn stone; 
 
 building materials. 
 3Q. dominus terrce fastidiosus. The construction is not 
 dominus terrce, but fastidiosus terrce. The haugh- 
 ty lord, who, dissatisfied with the narrow limits 
 of the land, extends his building into the sea. 
 H 2 
 
148 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSL 
 
 38. Compare book 2. Odexvi. ver. 21. 
 
 39. triremi. Triremis, is, f. A ship with three benches 
 
 of rowers ; here, any ship. 
 
 41. Phrygius lapis. Phrygian marble. There were 
 
 rich quarries of veined marble at Synada, a town 
 of Phrygia. 
 
 42. purpurarum clarior usus. An hypallage, for pur- 
 
 purarum clariorum. 
 
 43. Delinit. Delinio, ire, ivi, itum, act. To mitigate, 
 
 to soothe, to comfort. 
 
 44. Achemenium costum. The Persian ointment thus 
 
 called, from Achemenes, king of the Persians, by 
 whom the ointment is manufactured and pre- 
 pared. Costum, i, n. Ointment. 
 
 46. moliar. Molior, iri, itus, sum, dep. To attempt, 
 
 to begin, to erect. 
 atrium. Atrium, i, n. A hall : properly, the hall 
 in which the Romans kept the statues of their 
 ancestors, and executed all public business : here, 
 the whole mansion. 
 
 47. valle divitias. An hypallage, for vallem divitiis. 
 
 48. operosiores. (compar.) Operosus, a, um, adj. Full 
 
 of labour, troublesome. 
 
 ODE II. 
 
 1. ANGUS TAM. Angustus, a, um, adj. Narrow, 
 
 pinching, severe, scanty. 
 3. condiscat. Condisco, ere, didici, act. To learn, to 
 
 learn in company with others. 
 
BOOK III. ODE II. 149 
 
 VERSE 
 
 4s vexet. Vexo, are, act. To harass, to disturb, to 
 molest, to torment. 
 
 5. sub divo. In the open air. So sub Jove, book 1. 
 Ode i. ver. 25. 
 
 7. matrona. Matrona, ae, f. A matron, a wife. — Ho- 
 race seems to allude to Homer's account of Helen 
 and the Trojan matrons viewing the Grecian camp 
 from the walls of Troy. 
 
 3. adulta. Adultus, part, and adj. Grown up, mar- 
 riageable. 
 
 9. Suspiret. Susplro, are, neut. To sigh. 
 
 rudis agminum. Unskilled in war. Agmen, mis, n. 
 An army ; a company of soldiers. 
 
 10. asperum taciu. Dangerous to be attacked. Tactu, 
 
 sup. from Tango. 
 12. ccedes. Caedes, is, f. Slaughter, havoc. 
 
 16. poplitibus. Poples, itis, m. The knee, the leg. 
 
 17. repulsce nescia. Fearless of repulse. Repulsa, 
 
 ae, f. Repulse. 
 
 18. intaminatis. Intaminatus, part, and adj. Imma- 
 
 culate, unstained, undefiled, pure, unspotted. 
 
 19. Secures. The axes, i.e. the fasces. See book 1. 
 
 Ode xii. ver. 35. Securis, is, f. An axe. 
 
 20. Arbitrio. Arbitrium,i,n. Will, judgment, decision. 
 22. negatd. Denied, i. e. to the vulgar and wicked. 
 
 Negatus, part, (from negor.) Denied, refused. 
 26. Cereres sacrum. The sacred rites of Ceres ; i. e. 
 the Eleusinian mysteries, so called from Eleusis, 
 in Attica, where they were celebrated. The 
 person who disclosed the secrets of the Goddess, 
 was looked upon as an outcast from society, and 
 it was reckoned dangerous even to converse with 
 h3 
 
150 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 him, lest Jupiter, in his anger, should punish the 
 innocent with the guilty. Ceres was the goddess 
 of husbandry, and the mother of Proserpine. 
 
 28. Trabibus. Trabs, trabis, f. A beam (of a house): 
 
 it is here put for the house itself. 
 
 29. phaselon. (Greek ace.) Phaselus, i, d. g. A bark.. 
 
 a yacht, a galley. 
 32. claudo. Claudus, a, um, adj. Lame, halting, 
 crippled. 
 
 ODE III, 
 
 1. TENAC EM propositi. Firm of purpose. Tenax, 
 acis, adj. Tenacious, persevering, firm. 
 
 3. Vultus, i. e. Truculentus vultus. The savage or me- 
 
 nacing countenance. Vultus, us, m. The coun- 
 tenance, the face. 
 instantis. Instans, tis, part, and adj. Impetuous, 
 angry, violent. 
 
 4. Mente solida. From his fixed determination, So- 
 
 lidus, a, um, adj. Firm, steady, unshaken. 
 
 5. Inquieti. Inquietus, a, um, adj. Unquiet, boisterous. 
 7. Fractus orbis. The shattered world. Fractus, part. 
 
 (from frangor.) Broken, destroyed. 
 9. Hac arte, subaud. Justitice et Constantice. 
 Pollux. See book 1. Ode iii. ver. 2. 
 Hercules. Hercules, is, m. The son of Jupiter and 
 Alcmena, was the most illustrious hero of anti- 
 quity. His exploits are too numerous to be men- 
 tioned here ; by the performance of which, and 
 particularly the twelve celebrated labours imposed 
 
BOOK III. ODE III. 151 
 
 VERSE 
 
 upon him by Euristheus, king of Argos and My- 
 cenae, he was admitted, after death, to a seat in 
 Heaven. 
 
 10. Enisus. Enisus, part, (from enitor.) Relying 
 
 upon, supported. 
 arces attiglt igneas. Reached the starry mansions. 
 Igneus, a, um, adj. Fiery, bright, (i. e. with 
 stars.) 
 
 11. Augustus. Divine honours were paid to Augustus 
 
 A.U.C. 725. 
 
 12. Purpureo ore nectar, for purpureum nectar. 
 
 13. hoc. Supply arte, from ver. 9. 
 
 14. vexere. Veho, ere, xi, ctum, act. To carry, to 
 
 convey. 
 
 16. Martis equis. On the horses, i.e. in the chariot 
 
 of Mars. Romulus was the son of Mars, and 
 therefore the grandson of Juno ; (nepotem, ver. 
 31.) 
 
 17. consiliantibus divis. To the Gods in counsel; viz. 
 
 upon the propriety of admitting Romulus into 
 the number of the Gods ; to which Juno assents, 
 only upon condition that Troy shall never be re- 
 built. — It has been supposed that Maecenas re- 
 quested Horace to write this Ode, in order to 
 dissuade Augustus from a plan, which he had 
 formed, of removing the seat of empire from 
 Rome to Troy, or its vicinity. Consilians, tis, 
 part, (from consilio.) Consulting. 
 
 18. Won. (Gr. ace.) Ilium, i, n. Troy. 
 
 19. Judex. Paris, who adjudged the prize of beauty 
 
 to Venus. See book 1. Ode xv. ver. 1. 
 h4 
 
152 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 20. Mulier peregrina. Helen, the cause of the Trojan 
 
 war. Peregrinus, a, urn, adj. Foreign. 
 
 21. Destituit Deos mercede pacta. Cheated the Gods 
 
 of their stipulated reward. — Neptune and Apollo 
 having engaged to assist Laomedon in the build- 
 ing of Troy, he refused to ratify his agreement, 
 when the city was completed. The fable, most 
 probably, arose from his refusing to restore to 
 the temples of those Gods, the treasures which 
 he had borrowed for the purpose of building. 
 Destituo, ere, ui, iitum, act. To disappoint, to 
 cheat. 
 
 22. m'ihi damnation* Adjudged to me ; viz. to gratify 
 
 my resentment. The order of the passage runs 
 thus — Fatalis incestusque judex, et peregrina 
 mulier vertit Ilion, Ilion in pulverem — Ilion dam- 
 natum mihi castceque Minervce cum populo et 
 duce fmudulento — ex quo tempore Laomedon des~ 
 tituit Deos mercede pacta. 
 
 25. Laccence adulterce famosus Jiospes. The infamous 
 guest of the Spartan adulteress. See book 1 . 
 Ode xv. ver. 1 . — Famosus, a, um, adj. Infamous. 
 
 2S. Refringit. Refringo, ere, fregi, fractum, act. Pro- 
 perly, to break open ; to weaken, to beat back. 
 
 29. ductum, for productum. Ductus, part, (from ducor.) 
 
 Protracted, prolonged. 
 
 30. Resedit. Resido, ere, sedi, n. To be assuaged, 
 
 to be calm, to subside. 
 protinus, adv. Henceforward. The order of the 
 passage is this — Protinus redonabo Marti et 
 graves iras, et invisum Nepotem, quern, &rc. I 
 give up to Mars both my severe anger, and my 
 
BOOK III. ODE III. 153 
 
 VERSE 
 
 hated grandson ; i. e. my anger against my 
 grandson. 
 
 34. ducere. Duco, ere, xi, ctum, act. Properly, to 
 
 lead ; hence, to drink, to quaff. 
 
 35. adscribi. Adscrlbo, ere, psi, ptum, act. To enrol, 
 
 to class, to rank. 
 
 36. Ordinibus. Ordo, inis, m. A rank, a roll, an or- 
 
 der, a company. 
 
 37. Dura, for dummodo. So that, provided that. 
 
 38. exules. Exul, ulis, c. g. An exile (from Troy.) 
 
 40. Priami. Priamus, i, m. The last king of Troy, 
 
 who lived during the Trojan war. He was the 
 father of Hector and Paris, the two most cele- 
 brated out of nineteen sons, whom he had by 
 Hecuba. He was killed by Pyrrhus, toward the 
 close of the war, at the altar of Jupiter, to which 
 he had fled for refuge. 
 busto. Bustum, i, n. Properly, a spot, adjoining 
 to the sepulchre, where the body was burnt, pre- 
 viously to the interment of the ashes ; a tomb, a 
 sepulchre. 
 
 41. Insultet. Insulto, are, act. To leap upon; to 
 
 insult. 
 
 43. Triumphatis. Trmmphatus, part, (from triumphor.) 
 
 Triumphed over, subdued, conquered. 
 
 44. ferox. Ferox, ocis, adj. Fierce, warlike. 
 
 45. Horrenda. Horrendus, part, (from horreor.) Ter- 
 
 rible, formidable. 
 
 46. Medius liquor. The Mediterranean Sea, which se- 
 
 parates Europe from Africa. Liquor, oris, m. 
 Liquor, water ; hence, the sea. 
 h o 
 
154 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 TERSE 
 
 48. Niks. Nilus, i, m. The Nile, a celebrated river 
 
 of Egypt. 
 50. spernerefortior. Supply Roma. 
 
 55. debacchentur ignes, i. e. in the torrid zone. Debac- 
 
 chor, ari, dep. To revel, to rage. 
 
 56. Qua nebulce, &c. In the frigid zones. Ros, roris, 
 
 m. Dew. 
 58. Hac lege. On this condition. Lex, legis, f. A 
 
 law, a condition. 
 61. Trojce renascens fortuna, for Trojce renascentis, 
 
 Renascens, tis, part, (from renascor.) Reviving, 
 
 rising again. 
 alite lugubri. With a bad omen. See book 1 . Ode 
 
 xv. ver. 5. 
 64. Conjuge, &c. See book 2. Ode 1. ver. 25. 
 $7. Excisus. Excisus, part, (from excidor.) Cut down, 
 
 razed, destroyed. 
 69. Conveniunt. Convenio, Ire, ni. ntum, n. To suit, 
 
 to agree with. 
 
 7 1 . referre. Ref ero, rre, act. To relate, to record. 
 
 72. modis parvis. By your humble measures. Parvus, 
 
 a, urn, adj. Little, poor, humble. 
 tenuare. Tenuo, are, act. To extenuate, to degrade. 
 
 ODE IV. 
 
 RE GIN A Calliope. Calliope presided over epic 
 poetry. Hesiod calls her the Queen of the Muses, 
 and makes her attendant upon kings : hence Ho- 
 race calls her Regina. Calliope, is, f. 
 
BOOK III. ODE IV. 155 
 
 Longum melos. A long melody. (This is the long- 
 est of the Odes of Horace.) Melos, indec. Me- 
 lody, a song. 
 
 3. acuta. Acutus, a, um, adj. Sharp, sonorous, shrill. 
 
 ft. ludit. Ludo, ere, si, sum, act. To play, to mock, 
 to deceive. 
 
 6. insania. Insania, ae, f. Phrenzy, madness, enthu- 
 siasm. 
 
 8. subeunt. Siibeo, ire, ii, itum, act. To go under, to 
 
 pass through. 
 
 9. Me fabulosce, &c. The order is — Vulture in A ppulo, 
 
 extra limen Nutricis Apulice, fabulosce palumbes 
 texere me puerum, fatigatum ludo somnoque, fronde 
 nova. — Fabiilosus, a, um, adj. Fabulous, cele- 
 brated in fable. 
 Vulture in Appulo. Vultur, uris, m. A mountain, 
 at the farthest extremity (extra limen) of Apulia, 
 
 10. Nutricis Apulice. Of Apulia, my nurse. (Nutri- 
 
 cis is put in opposition with Apulice. J Horace 
 calls Apulia his nurse, because it was his native 
 country. 
 12. fronde nova. With fresh leaves. Frons, dis, f. A 
 leaf, a green bough. 
 
 14. Nidum. Nidus, i, m. A nest. Acherontia is so 
 
 called, because it was built upon some steep rocks 
 upon the confines of Apulia. 
 
 15. saltus. Saltus, us, and i, m. A forest, a grove, 
 
 a thicket. 
 Bantinos. Bantia, a town of Apulia: (whence 
 Bantlnus, a, um, adj.) 
 
 16. tenent. Teneo, ere, ui, act. To possess, to inhabit. 
 humilis. Hiimilis, e, adj. Low ; situated in a valley, 
 
 u6 
 
156 CLAV1S HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 Ferenti. Ferentum, i, n. A town of Apulia, near 
 Venusium, the birth-place of Horace. 
 
 18. premerer. Premo, ere, essi, ssum, act. To press, 
 
 to cover. 
 
 19. collatd. Collatus, part, (from conferor.) Collected, 
 
 heaped together. 
 
 20. non sine D is. Not without the protection of the 
 
 Gods. 
 
 u 
 
 animosus. Animosus, a, inn, adj. Courageous, 
 fearless. 
 
 21. Camoence. Camcena, ae,'f. A name given to the 
 
 Muses, from the sweetness of their songs. 
 23. Prceneste. A small town of Latium, at a short dis- 
 tance from Rome. It was a place of general 
 resort during the summer, on account of the re- 
 freshing breezes from the hills, upon which it 
 was built. 
 supinum. Supinus, a, um, adj. Sloping. 
 
 26. acies. Acies, ei, f. Properly, the edge or point of 
 
 any thing ; an army. See book 2. Ode vii. 
 ver. 2. 
 versa retro. Routed. Versus, a, um, part, (a ver- 
 tor. ) Turned. 
 
 27. Devota arbor. See book 2. Ode xiii. 
 
 extinxit. Extinguo, ere, xi, ctum, act. To extin- 
 guish, or quench ; to kill. 
 
 28. Palinurus. Palinurus, i, m. A rocky promontory, 
 
 near Velia, projecting to some distance into the 
 Sicilian Sea. Horace narrowly escaped ship- 
 wreck there ; most probably when he accompa- 
 nied Maecenas in his expedition against Pompey, 
 
BOOK III. ODE IV. 157 
 
 VERSE 
 
 32. Assyrii, for Syrli. Syria extends along the shore 
 
 as far as Babylon, whereas Assyria is inland. 
 
 33. Britannos hospitibus feros. The Britons inhospita- 
 
 ble to strangers. — Such is the character which 
 Horace too justly gives of the antient inhabitants 
 of our island. Among other uncultivated prac- 
 tices, they had a custom of sacrificing strangers 
 to their idols. Had the poet lived at the pre- 
 sent day, at the same time that he must have 
 acknowledged our superiority in arts and arms, 
 what an exalted encomium must he have paid to 
 British hospitality ! 
 
 34. Concanum. The Concani were a people of Scythia, 
 
 or, of Spain. They are said to have lived upon 
 the blood of horses. 
 
 36. Scythicum amnem. TheTanais. 
 
 inviolatus. Inviolatus, a, um, adj. Inviolate, un- 
 hurt, without danger. 
 
 37. altum. Altus, a, um, adj. High, lofty, illustrious. 
 militia fessas. Weary of war. Augustus disbanded 
 
 his army, and shut the temple of Janus, which 
 was always open except in times of profound 
 
 peace 
 
 A. U. C. 725. He again closed it about 
 
 the time of Christ's birth. 
 40. Pierio antro. In a Pierian cave ; i. e. with literary 
 pursuits. — Pwrus was a mountain of Macedonia, 
 dedicated to the Muses. 
 
 49. ilia horrida juventus. The Giants. 
 
 50. fidens brachiis. Trusting to (the strength of) their 
 
 arms. The order is — Ilia horrida juventus, 
 fidens brachiis, intulerat magnum terrorem Jovi. 
 Fidens, part, (from fido.) Trusting. 
 
158 CLAVIS H0RAT1ANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 £>1. Fratres. The Titans. 
 
 52. Pelion. Pelion, i, n. and Pelios, i, m. A moun- 
 
 tain of Thessaly, which, with Ossa and Olympus, 
 form the eastern boundary of the vale of Tempe. 
 The Giants endeavoured to pile these mountains 
 upon each other, in their attempt to scale the 
 Heavens. Ter sunt conati imponere Pelio Ossam. 
 Virg. Geor. I. 281. 
 
 53. Typhceus. A giant of prodigious size, who had, 
 
 according to Pindar, a hundred heads. HeVas 
 killed by the thunderbolts of Jupiter. 
 Mimas. Mimas, antis, m. Another of the giants. 
 
 54. minaci statu. Of threatening stature. Status, us, 
 
 m. Stature, bulk. 
 Porphyrion. Another giant. As also Rh^etus,\eY. 
 
 5 ; and Enceladus, ver. 56. 
 
 61. Castalice. Castalia, se, f. A fountain, on mount 
 Parnassus, in Phocis, sacred to Apollo and the 
 Muses. 
 
 63. Dumeta. Dumetum, i, n. A thicket, a grove, a 
 
 forest. 
 
 64. Delius. Delos, an island in the iEgean, was the 
 
 birth-place of Apollo. 
 Patareus. Apollo was so called from Patara, a 
 city of Lycia, in Asia Minor, where he delivered 
 his oracles six months in every year. The tem- 
 ple was said to have equalled that at Delphi in 
 splendour, where he resided during the six sum- 
 mer months. 
 66. Temper atam. Temperatus, part, (from temperor.) 
 Tempered (with prudence), temperate. 
 provehunt. Proveho, ere, exi, ctum, act. To ad- 
 vance. 
 
BOOK III. ODE V. 159 
 
 VERSE 
 
 69. Centimanus Gyges. See book 2. Ode xvii. ver. 14. 
 71. Orion. See book 2. Ode xiii. ver. 39. 
 
 73. Terra. The Giants and Titans were the offspring 
 
 of Ccelus and Terra. — Terra, ae, f. The earth. 
 
 74. partus. Partus, us, m. Offspring. 
 
 75. per edit. Peredo, ere, edi, sum, act. To devour, 
 
 to consume. 
 
 76. jEtnam. iEtna, ae, f. A celebrated volcano, in 
 
 Sicily. It is said that the giant Enceladus was 
 overwhelmed under this mountain by the thun- 
 derbolts of Jupiter. The Antients believed also, 
 that Vulcan and the Cyclops had their workshop 
 under iEtna. 
 
 77. Tityi. See book 2. Ode xiv. ver. 8. 
 
 78. nequitice additus custos. Placed as a companion to 
 
 his guilt ; i. e. to punish his incontinence. Ne- 
 quitia, ae, f. Wickedness, guilt, licentiousness. 
 80. Pirithoum. Pirithous, after the death of his wife, 
 Hippodamia, endeavoured to carry off Proser- 
 pine. Pluto prevented him from effecting his 
 purpose ; and, as a punishment, bound him to 
 the wheel of his father, Ixion. (See Ode xi. ver. 
 21. infra.) 
 
 ODE V. 
 
 PR2ESENS. Praesens, tis, adj. Present, visible. 
 As Jupiter declares by his thunder, that he reigns 
 in Heaven, so it is clear, from his victories, that 
 Augustus is entitled to divine honours upon earth. 
 
160 CLAV1S HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 The addition of Britain and Parthia, however, to 
 his government, was not effected by the force, but 
 by the dread, of his arms : in consequence of which 
 the Britons carried their presents to the Capitol, 
 and made the Romans masters of the island ; and 
 the Parthians restored the trophies which they had 
 taken from the Romans, in the defeat of Crassus, 
 thirty-three years before. 
 5. Milesne Crassi. After the defeat of Crassus, his 
 army basely settled in the country of the enemy. 
 
 7. Pro curia, &c. Shame on the senate, and the per- 
 
 verted and corrupted manners (of the age.) The 
 order is — Et, (pro curia, §c.) Marsus etAppulus 
 Miles consenuit sub rege Medo, in arvis hostium 
 socerorum. The poet wishes to contrast the har- 
 dihood of the Roman soldiers of Marsia and Apu- 
 lia, with the effeminate manners of a Parthian 
 king. 
 
 8. consenuit. Consenesco, consenui, escere, neut. To 
 
 grow old, or aged. 
 10. Anciliorum, See book 1. Ode xxxvi. vest. 12. 
 Nominis. Nomen, inis, n. A name, a character, 
 military glory. 
 
 12. Jove is here put for the Capitol, which was dedicated 
 
 to Jupiter. 
 
 13. Hoc caverat, subaud. opprobium. Had guarded 
 
 against this disgrace. See book 1 . Ode xii. ver. 
 37. Caveo, ere, cavi, cautum, act. and n. To 
 beware. 
 17. Si non, &c. Unless the captive youth, (i.e. the 
 Roman soldiers which had been taken prisoners 
 by the Carthaginians, and which would be con- 
 
BOOK III. ODE V. 161 
 
 VERSE 
 
 demned to death upon the Romans rejecting the 
 proposals of peace) had not (been allowed) to 
 perish unpitied. 
 
 23. Port as non clausas. The gates were left open, to 
 signify the security of the Carthaginians. Clau- 
 sus, part, (from claudor.) Shut, closed. 
 
 25. aaro repensus. Ransomed with gold. Repensus, 
 part, (from rependor.) Redeemed, ransomed. 
 scilicet. (Ironically.) Is it likely. 
 
 27. Neque amissos, &c. Nor does wool, when once 
 stained with a dye, ever regain its original bright- 
 ness. Fiicus, i, m. A dye. 
 
 31. si pugnat cerva. If it is probable that a stag would 
 fight, &c. then (we may believe that) that man 
 will ever be brave, who, &c. It was considered 
 an indelible disgrace to a Roman soldier, to be 
 taken with his arms in his hands. 
 
 34. proteret. Protero, ere, trivi, tritum, act. To tram- 
 
 ple upon, to vanquish, to conquer. 
 
 35. restrictis lacertis. It was usual to bind a prisoner's 
 
 arms behind him. So ver. 21. — Restrictus, part, 
 (from restringor.) Restrained, bound, fastened. 
 
 37. unde vitam sumeret. How to preserve his life. — 
 
 This is an idiom which occurs only once again, 
 in Epod. v. ver. 87. In both cases it represents 
 a man in great trouble ; with his reason perturb- 
 ed, as, in the present instance, by fear. 
 
 38. Pacem duclh.miscuit. Confounded peace with war, 
 
 i e. sued for peace in time of war. Diiellum, 
 i, n. War, battle. 
 
 41. Conjugis. His wife, whose name was Martia. 
 
 42. Capitis minor. Supply ratione. Deprived of the 
 
162 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 privileges of a Roman citizen, which was the 
 consequence of his being made a prisoner. 
 
 45. Donee labantes, &c. Until he had encouraged the 
 wavering senators to follow the advice of which 
 he himself was the author. — Labo, are, n. To 
 totter ; also, to waver, to be in doubt. 
 alias, adv. At another time, at any other time. 
 
 49. Atqui sciebat. And yet he knew. — Scio, ire, ivi. 
 itum, act. To know. 
 
 54. Dijudicata lite. The cause being decided. — Lis, 
 litis, f. A law suit, a dispute, a point at issue. 
 
 56. Lacedcemonium Tarentum. Tarentum, i. n. A sea- 
 port town of Calabria. It was built by a Lace- 
 demonian colony, and was celebrated for its ex- 
 cellent harbour. It is now called Tarento. 
 
 ODE VI, 
 
 1. DELICT A. Delictum, i, n. A fault, a crime. 
 immeritus lues. You will undeservingly suffer for. — 
 Luo, ere, i, turn, act. To atone, to expiate. In 
 this Ode, the poet endeavours to inspire the Ro- 
 mans with tteir antient spirit of piety and mora- 
 lity, by assuring them that their contempt of reli- 
 gion, and corruption of manners, were the sole 
 causes of their recent calamities. 
 
 5. Hinc, subaud. erat. 
 
 S. Luctuosce. Luctuosus, a, um, adj. Sorrowful, af- 
 flicted, distressed. 
 
 9. Monceses et Pacori. Monseses and Pacorus were 
 
BOOK III. ODE VI. 163 
 
 VERSE 
 
 kings of Parthia, of whom the latter routed the 
 army of Crassus, and took their general prisoner. 
 
 10. Non auspicatos. Ill-omened. (The Aruspices de- 
 clared that the expedition of Crassus would prove 
 unfortunate, but he disregarded their presages.) 
 Auspicatus, part, and adj. Auspicious ; under- 
 taken in concurrence with the Auspices. 
 contudit. Contundo, ere, iidi, usum, act. To beat, 
 to confound, to repel. 
 
 12. Torquibus. Torquis, is, m. A collar, a chain. — 
 The Parthians wore chains round their necks. 
 
 14. JEthio-ps, iEthiops, opis, m. ^Ethiopia was an 
 extensive country to the south of Egypt. The 
 army of Antony was chiefly composed of Da- 
 cians and ^Ethiopians : so that this is a flattering 
 compliment to Augustus. 
 
 18. inquinavere, Inqumo, are, act. To pollute, to stain. 
 
 21. Motus Ionicos. Ionian dances. It was considered 
 indelicate in a marriageable virgin (matura virgo) 
 to join in a dance ; and more particularly in the 
 Ionian dances, which were, of all others, the 
 most voluptuous. — M5tus, us, m. A motion, a 
 movement ; hence, a dance. 
 
 23. incestos. Incestus, a, um, adj. Unchaste, impure, 
 
 criminal. 
 
 24. De tenero ungui. From the earliest infancy. — It is 
 
 a translation of a Greek proverb, Ik tu>v cnraXtiv 
 6vv%i»V' Unguis, is, m. A nail. The nails of 
 infants are soft and tender. 
 27, Impermtssa. Impermissus, part, and adj. Un- 
 lawful, unallowed. 
 
164 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 raptim, adv. Slyly, secretly : in opposition to co~ 
 ram, openly, ver. 39. 
 30. Institor. Institor, oris, m. A factor, a tradesman. 
 
 35. Pyrrhum. Pyrrhus, i, m. King of Epirus. His 
 
 life was spent in the pursuits of war and ambi- 
 tion ; and, after repeated defeats from the Ro- 
 man arms, he was at length killed by a tile, which 
 fell from a house, as he was besieging the city 
 of Argos. 
 
 36. Antiochum. Antiochus the Great, king of Syria. 
 
 He was persuaded by Annibal to make war 
 upon the Romans, who defeated him, and obliged 
 him to pay a yearly sum of 2000 talents. 
 
 38. Sabellis, for Sabinis. 
 
 Ligonibus. Ligo, onis, m. A spade, a hoe, a 
 mattock. 
 
 41. Fustes. Fustis, is, m. A club, a log of wood, a 
 faggot. 
 
 45. Damnosa dies. Consuming time. Dies, ei, d. g. 
 A day. 
 
 48. vitiosiorem. (Compar.) Vitiosus, a,um,adj. Wick- 
 ed, infamous, criminal. 
 
 ODE VII. 
 
 ASTERIE. Asteria is the fictitious name of a 
 girl, the mistress, or wife, of Gyges, to whom Ho- 
 race addressed this Ode, under the pretence of 
 comforting her during her lover's absence ; but, 
 in reality, to caution her against breaking the 
 
BOOK III. ODE VII. 165 
 
 VERSE 
 
 vows she made to him, by listening to the ad- 
 dresses of her neighbour, Enipeus. 
 candidi. Candidus, a, urn, adj. Serene : properly, 
 white. 
 
 3. Thynd, for Bithynd. Bithynia was a country of 
 
 Asia Minor, near the Propontis. It had a manu- 
 factory for toys, made of different metals. Some 
 say, that the Thynians were a distinct people, bor- 
 dering on Bithynia. 
 beatum. Beatus, a, um, adj. Happy, rich, blessed 
 with riches ; in which sense it is generally used 
 by Horace. 
 
 4. fide. The old genitive for fideu Fides, ei, f. Faith, 
 
 honour. 
 
 5. Oricam. Oricum, i, n. A town of Epirus. 
 
 6. insana. Insanus, a, um, adj. Mad, i. e. threaten- 
 
 ing tempests. 
 Caprce. Capra, ae, f. A she-goat, a constellation. 
 
 9. Hospitce, i. e. Chloe, with whom Gyges lived while 
 
 in Thrace. The order is — Atqui vafer nuntius 
 Chloes, solicitce hospitce suce, dicens Gygi, Chloen 
 suspirare, et miseram uri tuis ignibus, tentat ilium 
 nullc modis, et refert ut perfida mulier, fyc. 
 
 10. tuis ignibus. With your flame; i.e. with the same 
 
 passion which you have for him. Ignis, is, m. 
 Fire : the fire of love. 
 
 12. vafer. Vafer, fra, um, adj. Artful, cunning, sly. 
 
 13. Prcetum. Prcetus, i, m. son of Abas and Ocalea, 
 
 and king of Argos. He married Sthenoboea, 
 daughter of Jobates, king of Lycia, who after- 
 wards fell in love with Bellerophon. He refused 
 to gratify her infamous passion, upon which she 
 
166 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 accused him to her husband, of an attempt upon 
 her person. Prcetus sent him away with pre- 
 tended letters of recommendation to his father- 
 in-law, in which he requested the king to put 
 him to death ; in consequence of which he was 
 sent against the Chimaera, but he destroyed the 
 monster, by the assistance of Minerva. See 
 book 1. Ode xxvii. ver. 24. 
 Mulier, i. e. Sthenobcea, Homer, who relates the 
 story, (Iliad, book vi. ver. 155.) calls her Antea, 
 1 4. impulerit. Impello, ere, act. To urge, incite, per- 
 suade. 
 
 17. Pelea. (Gr. ace.) Peleus, i, m. the son of JEacus, 
 
 and the father of Achilles, He received pre- 
 cisely the same treatment from Hippolyte, the 
 wife of Acastus, king of Thessaly, which Belle- 
 rophon met with from Sthenobcea. 
 
 18. Magnessam. Magnesian. Magnesia was at the 
 
 eastern extremity of Thessaly. 
 
 20. monet. Moneo, ere, ui, itum, act. To advise : 
 
 here, to relate. 
 
 21. Icari. See book 1. Ode i. ver. 15. 
 
 26. Gramme Mart'io. In the Campus Martins. Gra- 
 men, inis, n. Grass : also, a field. 
 
 28. Alveo. Alveus, i, m. A river, the bed of a river, 
 
 a channel. 
 
 29. vias. Via, ae, f. A way, a road, a street. 
 
 30. cantu. Cantus, us, m. A song, a tune, melody. 
 querulce tihice. Of the plaintive pipe. Querulus, 
 
 a, um, adj. Complaining, plaintive. 
 despice. Despicio, ere, act. To look down. 
 
BOOK III. ODE VIII. 167 
 
 VERSE 
 
 Shylock gives a similar charge to his daughter 
 Jessica : 
 
 " Lock up my doors, and when you hear the drum, 
 And the vile squeaking of the wry-necked fife, 
 Clamber not you up to the casements then, 
 Nor thrust your head into the public street." 
 
 Merchant of Venice, act 2. sc. 5. 
 
 ODE VIII. 
 
 1 . MAR TIIS Calendis. On the Calends, i. e. on the 
 
 first of March, the Roman matrons celebrated a 
 festival, called Matronalia, in commemoration of 
 the peace brought about by the Sabine women, 
 between their husbands an^ countrymen. At this 
 festival, no unmarried person (coelebs) was al- 
 lowed to be present. Horace, therefore, had in- 
 stituted a private feast, to commemorate his escape 
 from the fall of the tree, which happened on the 
 
 same day, and to record the victories of Augustus. 
 3 
 
 2. Acerra. Acerra, se, f. A censer. 
 
 .;. Docte sermones, &c. Well versed in the literature 
 of both nations; viz. Greece and Rome. — Sermo, 
 onis, m. (properly, a discourse, or language,) here 
 includes every branch of learning ; as language, 
 history, customs, &c. The order is — Maecenas, 
 docte sermones utriusque linguce, miraris quid 
 coelebs agam, tyc. 
 
 6. voveram. Voveo, ere, ovi, turn, act. To vow, to 
 promise. 
 
 6 
 
168 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 album caprum. A white goat. A goat was sacri- 
 ficed to Bacchus, because it destroyed the vine, 
 in conformity with the custom of offering those 
 animals which were offensive to the Deity. White 
 beasts were sacrificed to the celestial ; black, to 
 infernal gods. Caper, pri, m. A goat. 
 7. Funeratus. Funeratus, part, (from funeror.) Killed: 
 properly, buried. See book 2. Ode xiii. 
 
 10. corticem. Cortex, icis, m. A cork ; the bark of 
 
 a tree. 
 pice. Pix, picis, f. Pitch. 
 
 1 1 . amphorce. Amphora, se, f. A cask, a firkin hold- 
 
 ing about nine gallons. 
 Fumum bibere. To imbibe the smoke. Wine was 
 thought to ripen, and to be mellowed by fumi- 
 gation. Bibo, ere, bi, itum, act. To drink. 
 institute. Instituo, ere, ui, utum, act. To set up, 
 to lay by. 
 
 12. Consule Tullo, L. Volcatius Tullus, who was con- 
 
 sul A. U. C. 688 ; and again, 721. 
 
 13. amici sospitis. subaud. gratia, more Grseco. 
 
 15. perfer, (for profer.) Perferro, rre, act. To ex- 
 tend, to continue, to prolong. 
 esto, for erit, 
 
 18. Cotisonis. Cotison, onis, m. A king of the Da- 
 cians, who made frequent irruptions on the Ro- 
 man territories, till he was at length defeated by 
 Lentulus, who was sent against him by Augustus. 
 
 23. laxo arcu. With their bows unstrung. The north- 
 ern nations held their bows unstrung when they 
 sued for peace, or left the field of battle. Lax- 
 us, a, um, adj. Loose, unbent, unstrung. 
 
BOOK III. ODE IX. 169 
 
 VERSE 
 
 24. cedere campis. To quit the field. Cedo, ere, ssi, 
 
 ssum, n. To depart. 
 
 25. Negligens. Negligens, tis, part, and adj. Uncon- 
 
 cerned, careless. 
 
 26. privatus. As if you were a private person. Pri- 
 
 vatus, a, um, adj. Private. 
 28. sever a. Matters of importance. Severus, a, um, 
 adj. Severe, serious, important. 
 
 ODE IX. 
 
 1. DONEC, &c. This Ode consists of a dialogue 
 
 between Horace and Lydia ; Horace speaks four 
 lines, his mistress four more, and so on alter- 
 nately to the end of the Ode. 
 
 2. Potior. Potior, us, adj. (compar.) Preferable, more 
 
 favoured. 
 
 4. vigui. Vigeo, ere, ui, neut. To flourish. The 
 
 riches, the magnificence, and the splendid victo- 
 ries of Cyrus, Darius, and their successors, ren- 
 dered the happiness of the kings of Persia pro- 
 verbial. 
 
 5. alia, subaud. puelld. 
 
 6. arsisti. Ardeo, ere, si, sum, n. To burn ; to be 
 
 warm (with love.) 
 
 7. multi nominis. Of great reputation. 
 
 8. Ilia. See book 1. Ode ii. ver. 17. 
 
 \2. animce. My life; viz. Chloe. Anima, ae, f. A 
 soul, life. 
 super stiti. Siiperstes, itis, adj. Surviving. 
 i 
 
170 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 13. Torret. Torreo, ere, ui, tostum, act. To toast, 
 
 to inflame (with love.) 
 
 14. Tkurini. Thurinus, a, um, adj. Of Thurium, a 
 
 town of Lucania. 
 Calais, Ornyti. Fictitious names. 
 
 17. Prisca Venus. Our former love. Priscus, a, um, 
 
 adj. Former, old, antient. 
 
 18. diductos, subaud. nos. And should join us, who 
 
 have been separated, in a brazen, or firm, bond 
 of affection. Dlductus, part, (from diducor.) 
 Drawn asunder. 
 22. Improbo. Improbus, a, um, adj. Wicked: also, 
 violent, boisterous. 
 
 ODE X. 
 
 1. EXTREMUM Tanain si biberes. If you were 
 living in the extreme part ofScythia. — The Tanais 
 was a river of Scythia, which falls into the Pahs 
 Mceotis, by three channels, after a rapid course of 
 many hundred miles. It is for many leagues the 
 boundary between Europe and Asia. 
 Lyce. A fictitious name of a mistress of Horace, 
 indicative of her cruelty. It is derived from Xv/coc 
 a wolf. 
 
 3. porrectum. Porrectus, part, (from porrigor.) Ex- 
 
 tended, stretched, laid along. 
 fores. Foris, is, f. A door, a gate. 
 incolis. Incola, se, c. g. A dweller, an inhabitant. 
 
 4. plorares* Ploro, are, act. To lament, to be sorry. 
 
 1 
 
BOOK III. ODE X. 171 
 
 VERSE 
 
 Aquilonibus. Aquilo, onis, m. The north-east wind. 
 Horace calls it the inhabitant of the north, because 
 the Tanais rises in the northern parts of Russia. 
 
 5. quo nemus. Supply strepitu. Strepitus, us, m. A 
 
 sound, a crash. 
 
 6. satuni. Satus, part, (from seror.) Planted. 
 remugiat. Remugio, ire, ivi, itum, n. To resound, 
 
 to echo, to ring, to rebellow. 
 
 7. positas. Laid upon the ground. Positus, part. 
 
 (from ponor.) Placed, laid, settled. 
 glaciet. Glacio, are, n. To congeal, to freeze. 
 
 8. puro numine, i.e. sereno ccelo. The sky is usually 
 
 serene and clear at the time of a hard frost. 
 
 1 0. ne currente, &c. Lest as the wheel (of fortune) is 
 
 running round, the cord should be broken, and 
 by the sudden fracture turn the wheel the con- 
 trary way ; and thus you should, in your turn, be 
 treated with contempt. Currens, tis, part, (from 
 curro.) Running. 
 
 11. Penelopen. A Penelope, i. e. like Penelope. See 
 
 book 1. Ode xvii. ver. 20. The Tuscans (Tyr- 
 rhenij were a most licentious and debauched 
 people. 
 procis. Procus, i, m. A suitor, or lover. 
 
 15. vir P. pellice saucius. Your husband, who is smit- 
 ten with a (song-singing) Pierian concubine, 
 (Horace here attempts to effect his purpose by 
 raising Lyce's jealousy.) — Saucius, a, um, adj. 
 Wounded, smitten. 
 
 19. non hoc, &c. This body of mine (if you do not re- 
 lent) will not long be able to endure your threshold 
 
172 CLAV1S HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 and the rain ; i. e. the rain on the outside of 
 your door. 
 aquae ccelestis. A periphrasis for the rain. — Cceles- 
 tis, e, adj. Heavenly ; from heaven. 
 
 ODE XI. 
 
 1. TE magistro. By your instruction; under your 
 tuition. — Magister, tri, m. A master, an instruc- 
 tor, a tutor. 
 
 .?. A mpliion, Amphion, onis, m. The son of Jupiter, 
 by Antiope. He was instructed in music, and 
 presented with a lyre, by Mercury, the inventor 
 of it ; (see book 1. Ode x. ver. 1.) under whose 
 instruction he made a rapid progress in the art. 
 He is fabled to have moved the trees, and to have 
 raised the walls of Thebes, by the melody of his 
 voice, and his skilful performance on the lyre. 
 canendo. (gerund.) Cano, ere, cecini, cantum, act. 
 To sing. 
 
 3. Testudo. Testudo, mis, f. A lyre. See book 1, 
 
 Ode xxxvii. ver. 14. 
 
 4. nervis. Nervus, i, m. A string, or chord, of an in- 
 
 strument. 
 
 5. loquax. Loquax, acis, adj. Vocal. ( Testudo enim 
 
 animal est mutum, et terribile potius quam jucun- 
 
 dum.J 
 0. trima. Trimus, a, um, adj. Of three years old. 
 10. exultim, adv. Skittishly; friskingly. 
 ] 1 . nuptiarum. N uprise, arum, f. Marriage. 
 
BOOK III. ODE XI. 173 
 
 VERSE 
 
 expers. Expers, tis, adj. Free from, unpossessed of. 
 
 12. cruda. Criidus, a, um, adj. Unripe. 
 
 13. Tupotes, &c. In allusion to the fable of Orpheus. 
 
 See book 1. Ode xii. ver. 8. 
 17. furiale. Furialis, e, adj. Like the furies. 
 
 19. tcter. Teter, tra, rum, adj. Foul, horrible. 
 sanies. Sanies, ei, f. Poisonous, or putrid, matter. 
 
 The poison of serpents. So Ovid : Serpentes 
 saniem vomunt. 
 manet. Mano, are, n. To flow, to stream. 
 
 20. trilingui. Trilinguis, e, adj. Having three tongues, 
 
 three-tongued. 
 
 21. Ixion. Ixion, onis, m. A king of Thessaly, and 
 
 the father of the Centaurs. Shunned by all the 
 neighbouring princes, on account of the murder 
 of his father-in-law ; Jupiter, in compassion, took 
 him up into Heaven, where he ungratefully of- 
 fered violence to Juno. Enraged at this, Jupiter 
 ordered Mercury to fasten him, with serpents, to 
 a wheel, in Tartarus, which is continually turn- 
 ing roimd. 
 
 22. invito. Invltus, a, um, adj. Unwilling. 
 
 23. Danai. See book 2. Ode xiv. ver. 18. 
 
 26. lymphae. Lympha, se, f. Water. 
 
 27. dolium. Dolium, i, n. A vessel, an urn, a tub, a 
 
 butt. 
 pereuntis. Periens, euntis, part, (from perco.) 
 Perishing. The participle is here used in its 
 primary sense, running through; quasi per euntis. 
 53. Una, i. e. Hypermnestra. 
 
 face nuptiali. Of the nuptial torch ; i. e. of mar- 
 riage. An allusion to the Roman custom of con- 
 iS 
 
174 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 ducting the bride to the house of her husband, 
 
 by the light of torches. Fax, facis, f. A torch, 
 
 a taper. 
 35. splendide mendax. Nobly deceitful. Mendax, acis, 
 
 adj. False. 
 39. socerum. Socer, eri, m. A father-in-law. 
 
 41. nactce. Nactus, part, (from nanciscor, dep.) Ob- 
 
 tained, lighted upon, met with. 
 
 42. singulos. Singiilus, a, um, adj. Each one, every 
 
 one. 
 
 44. claustra. Claustrum, i, n. An enclosed place ; 
 
 the gate, or door, of a house. 
 
 45. oneret. Onero, are, act. To load, to burden. 
 
 46. clemens. Clemens, entis, adj. Merciful, kind, hu- 
 
 mane. 
 Numidarum. Numidae, arum, m. pi. The Numi- 
 dians. — Numkl'ia was a country of Africa, bound- 
 ed on the north by the Mediterranean Sea. 
 The natives were cruel, treacherous, and fero- 
 cious ; and the country itself dreadfully infested 
 with wild beasts. 
 
 48. classe. Classis, is, f. A fleet, a navy ; also, a ship. 
 
 49. /. Imperative ; from eo, to go. 
 
 raplunt. Rapio, rapere, act. To seize, to carry 
 off, to hurry away. 
 
 51. nostri memorem querelam. A lament, i.e. a mourn- 
 
 ful epitaph, to my memory. Memor, ris, adj. 
 Mindful. 
 sepulcro. Sepulcrum, i, n. A tomb, a monu- 
 ment. 
 
 52. Scalpe. Scalpo, ere, psi, ptum, act. To scratch, 
 
 to engrave. Some read, Sculpe. 
 
BOOK III. ODE XII. 175 
 
 ODE XII. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 1 . MISERAR UM est. subaud. puellarum. It is the 
 
 custom of unhappy girls. Miser, ra, rum, adj. 
 Wretched, miserable. 
 Amort dare ludum. To afford sport to Cupid ; i. e. 
 indulge the passion of love. — Amor, oris, m. 
 Love : here, put for Cupid, the God of Love. 
 
 2. mala lavere. To wash away evils ; to drown care. 
 
 Lavere is the old form, for lavare. Lavo, are. To 
 wash. 
 
 3. patruce verbera linguae. The stripes, i. e. the re- 
 
 bukes, of an uncle's tongue. — Patruus, a, um, adj. 
 Of, or belonging to, an uncle. Uncles, among 
 the Romans, were proverbially less affectionate 
 than fathers. 
 qualum. Qualus, i, m. and Qualum, i, n. A basket, 
 in which the thread, and implements for spinning, 
 were placed. The order is — Puer ales Cytherece 
 (Cupido) aufert tibi qualum ; nitor L. H, aufert 
 tibi telas, fyc. 
 
 4. Telas. Tela, se, f. A web of cloth. 
 
 Minervce. Minerva, se, f. The goddess of war, 
 wisdom, science, and art. Hence, Horace calls 
 her, operosa, industrious. She is said to have 
 sprung, in full armour, from the brains of Jupiter. 
 She is certainly the most perfect of the heathen 
 deities, and her character is less polluted by crime 
 than that of her immortal companions. 
 
 5. Neobule. Neobule, es, f. A female friend of Ho- 
 
 i4 
 
176 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 race, beloved by Hebrus, a native of Lipara, an 
 island in the Sicilian Sea. 
 
 7. Bellerophonte. See book 1. Ode xxvii. ver. 24. 
 
 8. catus. Catus, a, urn, adj. Skilful, cautious. 
 
 per apertum. (subaud. campum.) Apertus, a, um, 
 adj. Open. 
 • ° 
 
 9. agitato. Agitatus, part, (from agitor.) Hunted, 
 
 chased. 
 
 10. celer. Celer, or Celeris, e, adj. Active, nimble, 
 
 quick. 
 alto. Altus, a, um, adj. High, thick, deep. 
 latitantem. Latitans, tis, part, (from latito.) Lying 
 
 concealed. 
 fruticeto. Fruticetum, i, n. A shrubbery, a thicket. 
 excipere. Excipio, ere, epi, eptum, act. To take 
 
 by surprise, to catch. 
 aprum. Aper, apri, m. A wild boar. 
 
 ODE XIII. 
 
 1 . FONS Bandusice. This Ode seems to have been 
 addressed to a fountain, pleasantly situated near 
 Bandusia, a town in the Sabine territories, and 
 near the estate of Horace. It is a curious in- 
 stance of the solemnity with which the Antients 
 sacrificed to the deities, which were supposed to 
 preside over fountains. In these sacrifices, liba- 
 tions were made with wine, mixed with water 
 from the fountain, in goblets crowned with flowers. 
 (See ver. 2.) 
 
BOOK III. ODE XIII. 177 
 
 VERSE 
 
 splendidlor vitro. Clearer than glass. (Pelluc'idwr 
 et pur tor. See book 1. Ode xviii. ver. 16.) Splen- 
 didus, a, urn, adj. Splendid, clear, bright. 
 
 3. Cras, adv. To-morrow. 
 
 donaberis. You shall be presented with. Dono, are, 
 act. To give. 
 
 4. Turgida cornibus. Swelling with its horns ; i. e. 
 
 whose horns are just beginning to shoot from the 
 forehead. Turgidus, a, urn, adj. Swelling, pro- 
 tuberant. 
 
 5. destinat. Intends, meditates. Destmo, are, act. To 
 
 destine, to purpose, to design. 
 
 6. Frustra, adv. In vain: (for it will be sacrificed 
 
 to-morrow.) 
 inficiet. Inficio, ere, eci, ectum, act. To stain, to 
 dye, to colour, to infect. 
 8. suboles. Suboles, is, f. The young shoot of a tree : 
 hence, the young of an animal. The sense is — 
 He shall be offered to you, because he is the 
 youngest of the flock. Some read, Soboles. 
 
 10. nescit tangere. Cannot affect thee. Tango, ere, 
 
 tetigi, tactum, act. To touch, to injure. 
 
 11. vomere. Vomer, and v5mis, eris, m. A plough, 
 
 a ploughshare. 
 
 13. Fies, subaud. Unus. 
 
 nobilium. Nobilis, e, adj. Noble, celebrated, fa- 
 mous. 
 
 14. dicente. Dico, ere, xi, ctum, act. To sing, to 
 
 tell of. 
 cavis. Cavus, a, um, adj. Hollow. 
 impositam. Impositus, part, (from impvnor.) 
 
 Placed upon ; here, growing amongst, 
 i 5 
 
178 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 TERSE 
 
 ilicem. Ilex, icis, f. An oak. 
 
 15. unde, adv. Whence. 
 
 loquaces. Loquax, acis, adj . Babbling, murmuring. 
 
 16. desiliunt. Desilio, ire, ivi, and ui, ultum, neut. 
 
 To leap from, to flow down. 
 
 ODE XIV. 
 
 1 . HER C ULIS ritu. In the manner of Hercules ; 
 
 i. e. as Hercules did. — In allusion to the dangers 
 to which he had exposed himself, or else to his 
 victorious return from Spain ; in either of which, 
 he may have been said to resemble Hercules. 
 The Ode was written to congratulate Augustus 
 upon his return from his Spanish expedition, 
 A.U.C. 730, after an absence of three years, dur- 
 ing which time he had been afflicted with a severe 
 illness, which had nearly terminated in his death. 
 The order is — Hereulis ritu, Plebs (i. e. O Cives 
 JRomani,) Ccesar modo dlctus jietiisse laurum vena- 
 lem morte, victor ah Hispand ord repetit penates, 
 %c. 
 
 2. Morte venalem. Purchased at the risk of his life. 
 
 Venalis, e, adj. Venal; to be sold. 
 
 5. mulier. Livia, the wife of Augustus. Miilier, eris, f. 
 
 A woman, a wife. 
 
 6. operetta, subaud. sacrum. Sacrificing. The verbs, 
 
 operor and facio, are frequently used in this sense. 
 So Virgil, Geor. I. v. 339. 
 
 Sacra refer Cereri, laetis operatus in herbis. 
 
BOOK III. ODE XVI. 183 
 
 VERSE 
 
 16. illaqueant. Illaqueo, are, act. To ensnare, to 
 entangle. 
 
 18. Majorum, subaud. Divitiarum. 
 
 fames. Fames, is, f. Hunger, desire, covetousness. 
 
 19. vcrticem. Vertex, icis, m. The top of any thing; 
 
 the head. 
 
 23. Nudus. Nudus, a, um, adj. Naked, poor, destitute. 
 transfuga. Transfuga, se,m. A deserter, a fugitive. 
 divitum. Dives, divitis, adj. Rich, wealthy. 
 
 24. partes. Pars, partis, f. A party, company, or 
 
 society. 
 gestio. Gestio, ire, ivi, itum, neut. To desire, to 
 covet. 
 
 25. contemtce. Contemtus, a, um, adj. Contemptible, 
 
 mean, humble. 
 
 27. occultare. Occulto, are, act. To hide, or store up. 
 
 28. magnas* Magnus, a, um, adj. Great, plentiful, 
 
 abundant. 
 inops. Inops, opis, adj. Poor, needy. 
 
 29. puree. Purus, a, um, adj. Pure, clear. 
 
 30. segetis. Seges, itis, f. A crop, harvest. 
 
 certa. Certus, a,um, adj. Sure, certain, unfailing. 
 
 31. Fulgentem, &c. Are (blessings which are) un- 
 
 known to the man, who glitters with the govern- 
 ment of Africa. Fallit is here used in the sense 
 of the Greek verb kavSavw, to escape the notice 
 of a person. 
 
 32. Sorte b.atior. Conferring a happier lot. Though 
 
 it is most probable that the full point should be 
 after Fallit, and Sorte beatior begin a new sen- 
 tence: Sorte beatior, qaanquam, &c. Happier in 
 my lot, although, &c. 
 
184 CLAVIS H0RAT1ANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 33. ferunt. Fero, rre, act. To bear, to bring, to pro- 
 
 duce. 
 
 34. Lcestrigonia. Formice was originally inhabited by 
 
 the Lcestrygones. Hence, Laestrygonius, a, um, 
 adj. Formian. 
 Bacchus. By metonyme, for wine, 
 
 35. languescit. Languesco, ere, neut. To grow mel- 
 
 low, to ripen. 
 pinguia. Pinguis, e, adj. Fat, rich. 
 
 36. crescunt. Cresco, ere, crevi, neut. To grow, to 
 
 increase. 
 vellera. Vellus, eris, n. The fleece or wool of a 
 
 sheep. 
 pascuis. Pascuum, i, n. A pasture, a meadow. 
 
 37. importuna. Importunus, a, um. Troublesome, 
 
 importunate. 
 pauperies. Pauperies, ei, f. Poverty. 
 abest. Absum, esse, neut. To be absent. 
 
 38. velim. Volo, velle, neut. To wish, to desire. 
 deneges. Denego, are, act. To refuse, to deny. 
 
 39. contracto. Contractus, part, (from contrahor.) 
 
 Contracted, limited, restrained. 
 
 melius, adv. Better, more easily, more advanta- 
 geously. 
 
 cupidine. Ciipido, inis, m. Desire, wants. 
 
 40. vectigalia. Vectigal, alis, n. Property, revenue, 
 
 income. 
 porrigam. Porrigo, ere, exi, ectum, act. To ex- 
 tend, to employ, to expend. 
 
 41. Alyattei, Alyattes, is, and ei, ra. A king of Lydia. 
 
 He was the father of Crcesus, whose immense 
 riches have always been proverbial. 
 
BOOK III. ODE XVII. 185 
 
 VERSE 
 
 42. continuem. Continuo, are, act. To continue, to 
 
 join, to unite. 
 petentibus. Peto, ere, ivi, itum, act. To desire, to 
 
 seek for, to covet. 
 44. pared. Parcus, a, um, adj. Sparing, frugal. 
 
 ODE XVII. 
 
 1 . JELI. iElius Lamias, a man of high rank and re- 
 
 spectability, descended from Lamus, an antient 
 king of the Lcestrygones, who is said to have been 
 the founder of Formice in Campania. 
 
 2. priores Lamias. The family of the Lamiae, your an- 
 
 cestors. Priores, um, m. pi. Ancestors. 
 kinc. Hence, i. e. ab Lamo, ver. 1 . 
 ferunt. Fero, rre, act. To say, to affirm, to declare. 
 
 3. Denominates. Denominatus, part, (from denominor.) 
 
 Derived their name (and origin.) 
 nepotum. Nepos, otis, m. A descendant, a grand- 
 son, posterity. 
 
 5. ducit. Duco, ducere, xi, ctum. To lead, to derive, 
 
 to draw. 
 
 6. qui, i. e. Lamus. 
 
 7. princeps. Princeps, ipis, m. First, chief, original. 
 innantem. Inno, are, neut. To float upon, to flow 
 
 into. 
 Maricce. Marica, ae, f. A nymph of the river Liris, 
 said to have been the wife of Faunus, and the 
 mother of king Latinus ; Virg. JEn. VII. 47. 
 
186 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 There was a wood on the banks of the river, which 
 was consecrated to her. 
 
 8. tenuis se. Teneo, ere, ui, act. To hold, to possess. 
 
 9. late, adv. Extensively, far and wide. 
 Tyrannus. Tyranus, i, m. A tyrant, a king : also, 
 
 a lord, a master. 
 foliis. Folium, i, n. A leaf, the foliage of trees. 
 
 10. alga. Alga, se, f. Seaweed. 
 
 littus. Littus, oris, n. The sea-shore, a coast. 
 inutili. Inutilis, e, adj. Useless, valueless, worth- 
 less. 
 
 12. aquae augur. The foreteller of rain ; i. e. pre- 
 
 saging rain. So Imbrium divina, Ode xxvii. ver. 
 10. infra. Augur, uris, m. An augur, a sooth- 
 sayer. 
 
 13. Comix. Cornix, icis, f. A crow. These birds 
 
 were said to live to the age of a thousand years. 
 Hence, annosa. 
 potis. The old form for potes. 
 
 14. Genium curabis. You shall raise your spirits. The 
 
 future indie, is here put for the imperative. 
 Curo, are, act. To care, to take care of. 
 
 15. bimestri. Bimestris, e, adj. Two months old. 
 
 16. opcrum, for ex operibus. A Grsecism: kl Zpyuv. 
 
 ODE XVIII. 
 
 1 . FA UNE. See book 1 . Ode iv. ver. 1 1 . 
 Nympharum. See book 1. Ode i. ver. 31. 
 fugientem. Fugiens, lis, part, (from fugio.) Flying. 
 
 2. fines. Finis, is, m. A boundary, territory, a domain. 
 
BOOK III. ODE XVIII. 187 
 
 VERSE 
 
 aprica. Apricus, a, um, adj. Sunny, warm. 
 
 3. lenis. Lenis, e, adj. Gentle, kind. 
 
 incedas. Incedo, ere, cessi, ssum, neut. To walk, 
 to approach, to come to. 
 
 4. cequus alumnis. Propitious to the young of my 
 
 flocks. Alumnus, ni, m. Properly, a pupil : it 
 is also used for the young of flocks, &c. ; as lambs, 
 kids, &c. 
 
 5. pleno. Plenus, a, um, adj. Full, complete. 
 
 cadit. Cado, ere, neut. To fall, to die, to be slain. 
 
 6. sodali. Sodalis, is, c. g. A companion. 
 
 7. crater ce. Cratera, as, f. A bowl, a goblet. 
 
 8. odore. Odor, oris, m. Odour, perfume, incense. 
 
 9. ludit. Ludo, ere, si, sum, act. To sport, to play, 
 
 to frisk. 
 herboso. Herbosus, a, um, adj. Grassy, full of 
 herbs. 
 
 10. Nonce Decembres. On the nones, or fifth of Decem- 
 
 ber, was celebrated the second annual festival to 
 Faunus. The first took place on the thirteenth 
 of February, at which time it was supposed that 
 he returned from Arcadia to Italy, where he re- 
 mained during the winter months. To this regu- 
 lar departure and return, the words abeas, and 
 incedas, (ver. 3.) appear to refer. Decembris, e, 
 adj. Of December. 
 
 11. f est us, Festus, a, um, adj. Festive, joyous, happy. 
 
 vacat . Vaco, are, neut. To be at leisure, to keep 
 
 holiday. 
 otioso. Otiosus, a, um, adj. Free from labour, 
 
 idle, unemployed. 
 
 12. hove. Bos, bovisj m. An ox. 
 
188 CLAV1S HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 pagus. Pagus, i, m. A village, a district. 
 
 13. audaces. Audax, acis, adj. Bold, daring, fearless. 
 errat. Erro, are, neut. To stray, to wander, to 
 
 rove. 
 
 14. spargit. Spargo, ere, si, sum, act. To sprinkle, 
 
 to scatter, to shed. (In Italy, the trees do not 
 shed their leaves till December.) 
 
 15. gaudet. Gaudeo, ere, gavisus sum, neut. To 
 
 rejoice, to be glad, to delight. 
 invisam. Invisus, a, um, adj. Hated, hateful ; 
 
 (because the cause of his labour.) 
 pepulisse. Pello, ere, pepuli, pulsum, act. To beat 
 
 (in dancing.) 
 fossor. Fossor, oris, m. A digger, a ditcher: 
 
 hence, any labourer. 
 
 ODE XIX. 
 
 2. CODRUS. Codrus, i,m. The last king of Athens. 
 During his reign, the Heraclidae encroaching upon 
 their territories, it was declared by the oracle of 
 Apollo, that they would become masters of Athens, 
 if they did not kill the Athenian king. Codrus, 
 informed of this, entered their camp in disguise, 
 and was killed in a fray, which he had raised for 
 the purpose. The people so highly venerated his 
 patriotism, that, despairing of finding a man wor- 
 thy of succeeding him, they abolished royalty. 
 The distance of time between the foundation of 
 
BOOK III. ODE XIX. 189 
 
 VERSE 
 
 Argos, by Inachus, B. C. 1856, and the death of 
 Codrus, B. C. 1069, was 787 years. 
 
 3. genus JEacx, i. e. Achilles. 
 
 4. sacro Ilio. Sacred Troy. Thus Homer : 'i\iov Upbv. 
 
 5. Chium cadum, A cask of Chian wine. The wine 
 
 from Chios, an island in the JEgean, was consi- 
 dered, by the Romans, the most delicious of all 
 foreign wines. 
 
 6. aquam. Aqua, se, f. Water for a warm bath. The 
 
 Antients never sat down at their entertainments, 
 until they had bathed. 
 
 7. quota, subaud. summd. At what expense : or, per- 
 
 haps, hord, at what time. 
 
 8. Pelignis. The Peligni bordered on the Sabine ter- 
 
 ritories : the winds from the mountains rendered 
 their country extremely cold. 
 
 9. Da, subaud. poculum. 
 
 10. Auguris Murcence. In this Ode, Horace persuades 
 
 his friend, Telephus, to join with him in festi- 
 vity, in honour of his friend Murena's appoint- 
 ment to the office of augur. The proposal of 
 drinking a cup to the Moon and the Night, arose 
 from the supposition, that midnight was the time 
 best adapted for taking the auspices. It is not 
 agreed, who this Murena was. 
 
 12. miscentur. Misceo, ere, cui, mixtum, act. To 
 
 mix, mingle. 
 commodis. Commodus, a, um, adj. Convenient, 
 suitable, of a reasonable size. 
 
 13. impares. Impar, aris, adj. Odd, uneven ; (they 
 
 were nine in number.) 
 
190 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 14. attonitus. Attonitus, a, urn, adj. Astonished, ex- 
 cited. 
 
 16. rixarum. Rixa, ae, f. A quarrel, contention, strife. 
 
 17. juncta. Junctus, part, (from jungor.) Joined, united. 
 
 The three Graces are represented hand in hand. 
 
 18. insanire. Insanio, ire, ivi, neut. To be mad, to 
 
 be excited to madness. 
 Berecynihice. Berecynthius, a, um, adj. Phrygian. 
 Berecynthus was a mountain of Phrygia, dedi- 
 cated to Cybele, the mother of the Gods, at whose 
 festivals the tibia was first used. The music in 
 her temples was vocal, accompanied by the flute, 
 the lyre, and the fistula, or flageolet. 
 
 19. cessant. Cesso, are, neut. To cease, to be silent, 
 
 to be quiet. 
 flamina. Flamen, inis, n. A sound, a blast. 
 
 20. tacitd. Tacitus, a, um, adj. Silent, quiet, peace- 
 
 able, still. 
 
 21. parcentes. Parcens, part, (from parco.) Sparing, 
 
 frugal. 
 
 23. dementem. Demens, ntis, adj. Mad, tumultuous. 
 strepitum. Strepitus, us, m. A noise, a tumult. 
 Lycus. Lycus, i, m. A fictitious name for an old 
 
 man who had married a young wife, of whom he 
 was somewhat jealous. 
 
 24. vicina. Viclna, ae, f. A female neighbour. 
 habilis. Habilis, e, adj. Suitable, well matched. 
 
 25. spissd. Spissus, a, um, adj. Thick. 
 
 27. tempestiva. Tempestivus, a, um, adj. Of a suit- 
 able age, mature, grown up. 
 Rhode. Rhode, es, f. A fictitious character. 
 
BOOK III. ODE XX. 191 
 
 ODE XX. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 1. MOVE AS. Moveo, ere, vi, turn, act. To move, 
 
 to remove, to take away. 
 
 2. catulus. Catiilus, i, m. A cub, the young of an 
 
 animal. 
 Lecence. Leama, ae, f. A lioness. Horace com- 
 pares a woman, enraged for the loss of her lover, 
 Nearchus, whom Pyrrhus had removed from her, 
 to a lioness, who has been deprived of her whelps. 
 
 3. inaudax. Inaudax, acis, adj. Fearful, timid. 
 
 -i. raptor. Raptor, oris, m. A plunderer, a ravisher. 
 
 5. obstantes. -Obstans, tis, part, (from obsto.) Oppos- 
 ing, resisting. 
 
 7. Prceda cedat major an illi. Whether the contested 
 prize would rather yield to you, or to her. — Praeda, 
 ae, f. Booty, prey. 
 
 11. Arbiter. Arbiter, tri, m. An arbiter, an umpire. 
 
 12. Sub pede. Under his foot. (To express his per- 
 
 fect unconcern as to which should obtain the 
 victory.) 
 
 15. Nireus. Nireus, i, m. The king of Nojcos, and 
 
 the most beautiful of all the Greeks who went to 
 the Trojan war; Achilles, perhaps, excepted. 
 
 16. Raptus ab Ida, i. e. Ganymede, a beautiful Phry- 
 
 gian youth, who was taken up into heaven by an 
 eagle, from Mount Ida, to be the cup-bearer of 
 Jupiter. — Ida, ae, f. A lofty mountain of Phrygia. 
 It was called aquosa, (Greece TroXvrricaZ,) from 
 the rivers Scamander, Simois> &c. which had 
 their source there. 
 
192 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 ODE XXI. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 1 . NA TA seems here to be used in the sense of im- 
 
 pleta. Natus, part, (from nascor.) Born, made: 
 here, filled (in the year of my birth.) 
 Manlio. L. Manlius Torquatus was consul with 
 L. Aurelius Cotta, A.U.C. 688 ; the year in which 
 our poet was born. 
 
 2. Seu tu, &c. The poet here enumerates the various 
 
 effects produced by wine. * 
 
 4. Testa. Testa, ae, f. A cask. 
 
 5. Quocunque nomine. In whatever name; i. e. for 
 
 whatever purpose ; alluding to the effects enume- 
 rated in the three preceding lines. Nomen (mis, 
 n. A name) is sometimes used in this sense. 
 ledum Massicum. The choice Massic wine. Lee- 
 tus, a, um, part, and adj. Chosen, selected ; choice, 
 precious. 
 
 6. bono, i. e. festo. On a festive day. 
 
 7. Descende. Descendo, ere, di, sum, n. To descend, 
 
 to come down. (The Romans kept their wine in 
 the upper part of the house, that it might ripen 
 sooner, by the smoke.) 
 Corvino. M. Valer. Messala Corvinus, a noble Ro- 
 man, who sided with the party of Brutus, and most 
 probably became acquainted with Horace, while 
 he was a tribune in the republican army. He 
 joined Octavius after the battle of Philippi, from 
 whom he received many distinguished marks of 
 favour. 
 S. Languidiora. (Compar.) Languidus, a, um, adj. 
 Languid, weak ; smooth, soft. 
 
BOOK III. ODE XXI. 193 
 
 VERSE 
 
 9. Socraticis sermonibus. With the discourses, i. e. 
 
 the doctrines of Socrates, the celebrated Athenian 
 
 philosopher. Socraticus, a,um, adj. Of Socrates. 
 
 Madet. Madeo,. ere, ui, n. To be moist, to be wet. 
 
 A metaphor taken from wine. 
 
 11. Catonis. Cato, the censor. See book 2. Ode xv. 
 
 ver. 11. 
 
 13. Lene tormentum admoves. You apply gentle vio- 
 
 lence. A metaphor taken from a siege, in which 
 the walls of a town are battered with the engines 
 (tormenta.) Tormentum, i, n. An engine of 
 war, a battering ram : also, torture, violence. 
 
 1 4. duro. Durus, a, urn, adj. Hard, grave, severe. 
 16. retegis. Retego, ere, xi, ctum, act. To uncover, 
 
 to disclose. 
 
 18. Cornu. (Indecl. in sing.) An horn : hence, meta- 
 
 phorically, confidence. 
 
 1 9. iratos regum apices, for iratorum regum. An hy- 
 
 pallage. Apex, icis, m. The top of any thing : 
 hence, dignity, majesty, authority. 
 
 22. Segnesque, &c. Unwilling to dissolve the bond of 
 
 their union. See Ode xix. ver. 1 7. — Segnis, e, 
 adj. Idle, slow. 
 
 23. producent. Produco, ere, xi, ctum, act. To pro- 
 
 long. 
 Vivce lucernce. The burning lamps. Vivus, a, um, 
 adj. Alive. 
 
 24. Dum, for donee. 
 
194 
 
 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 ODE XXII. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 1. CUSTOS. Custos, odis, c. g. A guardian, a pre- 
 
 server. 
 
 2. Labor antes utero. Labouring in the womb; i. e. in 
 
 child-birth. Diana was supposed to preside over 
 the travails of women, in which capacity she is 
 sometimes called by the names of Ilithyia and Lu- 
 cina. Uterum, i, n. The womb. See C. S. v. 14. 
 
 3. Ter. Thrice; viz. by her names of Proserpine, Lima, 
 
 and Diana. See book 1. Ode xii. ver. 22. 
 
 5. Imminens. Imminens, tis, part, (from immineo.) 
 
 Hanging over, impending. 
 Esto, for er'it. 
 
 6. per exactos annos, i. e. quotannis. At the end of 
 
 every year. (Exacto enim anno recurrunt fence, j 
 Exactus, part, (from exigor.) Spent, concluded, 
 finished. 
 
 7. verris. Verres, is, m. A boar. 
 
 obliquum. Obliquus, a, um, adj. Oblique, sideways. 
 Boars usually make a sidelong attack upon their 
 assailants. 
 
 meditantis. Meditans, tis, part, (from meditor.) De- 
 signing, meditating. 
 
 ODE XXIII. 
 
 1. SUPINAS. Siiplmis, a, um,adj. With the palms 
 upwards. (For so it was usual to beg a blessing 
 from the celestial deities; as, by turning the hands 
 
BOOK III. ODE XXIII. 195 
 
 VERSE 
 
 downwards, they implored the infernal gods to 
 avert a curse.) 
 tulerls. Fero, rre, act. To bear, to raise, to extend. 
 
 2. Phidyle. Phidyle, es, f. A female rustic, whom 
 
 Horace instructs how to regulate her devotions, 
 assuring her, that the piety of the offerer is more 
 acceptable to Heaven, than the value of the offer- 
 ing. 
 
 3. homd. Hornus, a, um, adj. Of this year. 
 
 4. fruge. Frux, frugis, f. Fruit. 
 
 7. rubiginem. Rubigo, mis, f. Rust, mildew. 
 
 8. Pomifero anno. In the fruitful (season of the) year. 
 
 A periphrasis, for autumn. — Pomiferus,a,um,adj. 
 Bearing apples ; fruitful. 
 Grave temjnis, The unhealthy season.— Gravis, e, 
 adj. Severe, unhealthy, unwholesome. 
 
 9. Nam quce, &c. The order is — Nam victima devota, 
 
 quce jKiscitar, in nivali Algido, inter quercus et 
 ilices, ant quae crescit in herbis Albanis, tinguet 
 secures Pontificum cervice. — Dev5tus, part, (from 
 devoveor.) Devoted, destined for sacrifice. 
 11. Albanis in herbis. In the pastures of Alba. — Alba 
 Longa was a city of Latium, built by Ascanius, 
 the son of JEneas. See Virgil's ^Eneid, book 
 viii. ver. 43. It was situated between a moun- 
 tain on one side, and a lake on the other. 
 14. Tentare, i. e. placare. To appease, to seek protec- 
 tion from. 
 Udentium. Bidens, tis, f. A sheep, two year old. 
 (A sheep at two year's of age, has two front 
 teeth longer than the rest.) 
 k2 
 
196 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 15. parvos. Parvus, a, urn, adj. Small. — Deos. The 
 
 household gods. 
 coronantem. Coronans, tis, part, (from corono.) 
 
 Crowning. 
 marino rore. Rosemary. — Marinus, a, um, adj. 
 
 Marine ; of, or belonging to, the sea. 
 
 16. fragili. Fragilis, e, adj. Frail, tender, fragile. 
 
 17. immunis. Immunis, e, adj. Pure, free from stain, 
 
 guiltless. 
 
 18. non blandior. Not more acceptable. — Blandus, a, 
 
 um, adj. Kind, gentle, pleasing.— Some sup- 
 pose that the adjective blandior agrees with 
 sumtuosa hostia in the nominative case, the short 
 syllable being lengthened by the ccesura, or the 
 two succeeding consonants bl. The passage may, 
 however, very well run thus : — It (manus) does 
 not soften the Gods more effectually with a sump- 
 tuous victim, than with meal offered with piety, 
 and a cake crackling with salt. 
 20. farre. Far, farris, m. Meal, or flour ; any kind 
 of corn. 
 
 pio. Pius, a, um, adj. Pious, offered with piety. 
 
 saliente. Saliens, tis, part, (from salio. To sea- 
 son with salt,) 
 
 mica. Mica, ae, f. A crumb of any thing ; a cake. 
 
 ODE XXIV. 
 
 1. INTACTIS. Intactus, part, and adj. Untouched, 
 unconquered. (Romanorum armis nondum tactis.) 
 
BOOK 111. ODE XXIV. 197 
 
 VERSE 
 
 u 
 
 opulentior. Opiilentus, a, um, adj. Rich, wealthy, 
 opulent. 
 
 2. thesauris. Thesaurus, i, m. Treasure, wealth ; a 
 
 treasury. 
 
 3. occupes. Occupo, are, act. To fill, to occupy, to 
 
 monopolize. 
 
 6. summis verticlbus. On the highest pinnacle of gran- 
 
 deur. — Vertex, icis, m. A top, a summit. See 
 book 1. Ode xxxv. ver. 17. 
 
 7. clavos. Clavus, i, m. A nail, or spike. 
 
 8. laqueis. Laqueus, i, m. A snare, a noose. 
 expedies. Expedio, ire, ivi, Itum, act. To disengage, 
 
 to free, to extricate. 
 
 9. campestres. Campestris, e, adj. Living in plains. 
 Scytlice. Scythae, arum, m, pi. The inhabitants ot 
 
 Scythia, a country of immense extent, compre- 
 hending all the northern parts of Europe, and part 
 of Asia. They were a hardy and virtuous, though 
 a wandering and uncivilized, people. 
 
 10. plaustra. Plaustrum, i, n. A waggon, a cart. 
 
 vagas. Vagus, a, um, adj. Wandering, unsettled. 
 
 1 1 . Getce. The Getae were a people of Thrace, bor- 
 
 dering on the Dacians. 
 
 12. immetata. Immetatus, a, um, adj. Unmeasured, 
 
 unmarked with boundaries. „ 
 
 14. Cultura. Cultura, se, f. Culture, cultivation. 
 annua. Annuus, a, um, adj. Yearly, annual. 
 
 (From their continual wanderings; so that they 
 were never above a year in the same place.) 
 
 15. Defunctumq. The order is — Vicarius recreat de- 
 
 functum laborious cequali sorte. Each taking his 
 turn, relieves him who has performed the labour 
 k3 
 
198 CLAV1S HORATIANA. 
 
 VF.RSE 
 
 of the past year, with an equal lot or portion. 
 Whence the sense seems to be — That one family 
 cultivates enough, during the present year, to 
 support itself without labour, and another with 
 labour, for the ensuing year ; two families hav- 
 ing alternate years of rest and labour. — Defunc- 
 tus, part, (from defungor.) Having performed, 
 discharged. — Vicarius, ii, m. A deputy, a sub- 
 stitute, a successor. 
 
 18. Privignis. Privignus, i, m. A son-in-law, a step 
 
 son. 
 
 mulier. Mulier, eris, f. A woman, a step-mother. 
 
 temperat. Tempero, are, act. To govern, to re- 
 frain (from injuring.) 
 
 19. dotata. Dotatus, a, um, adj. Having a large 
 
 dowry, or portion. 
 21. Pare?itium, for parentum. 
 24. peccare, (viz. contra leges matrimonii.) Pecco, are, 
 
 n. To sin. 
 
 27. PATER URBIUM. This is intended to compli- 
 
 ment Augustus, who had been honoured with 
 the title of Pater Patri^;. 
 
 28. indomitam. Indomitus, part, and adj. Unrestrain- 
 
 ed, unsubdued. 
 
 29. refrcenare. Refrseno, are, act. To curb, to repress, 
 
 to govern. 
 
 30. quatenus, Quatenus, adv. Since, for as much as. 
 
 31. virtutem. Virtus, utis, f. Virtue, worth. 
 incolumem. Incohimis, e, adj. Safe; (i.e. while 
 
 the man who is gifted with it is still alive.) 
 
 32. sublatam. Sublatus, part, (from sufferor.) Re- 
 
 moved, taken away. 
 
BOOK III. ODE XXIV. 199 
 
 VERSE 
 
 34. reciditur. Recido, ere, di, sum, act. Cut down, to 
 
 repress, retrench. 
 
 35. sine moribus. Without (good) morals. — Mos, mo- 
 
 ris, m. A custom. 
 
 36. fervidis caloribus. In the burning heat; i.e. in 
 
 the torrid zone. — Calor, oris, m. Heat. — This 
 passage is imitated by Cowper, in his Expostu- 
 lation : 
 
 " Whom fiery suns, that scorch the russet spice 
 Of eastern groves, and oceans floored with ice, 
 Forbid in vain to push his daring way 
 To darker climes, or climes of brighter day." 
 
 37. Borece, Boreas, as, m. The north wind ; the north. 
 39. Duratce. Duratus, part, (from duror.) Hardened, 
 
 frozen. 
 46. faventium. Of our favourers, or partizans. — Fa- 
 vens, tis, part, (from favec.) Favouring. 
 
 48. gemmas. Gemma, as, f. A gem, a jewel, a pre- 
 
 cious stone. 
 
 49. maieriam. Materia, ae, f. A cause, or origin. 
 
 50. mittamus. Mitto, ere, si, ssum, act. To send, to 
 
 throw. 
 Sederunt. Scelus, eris, n. Crime, wickedness. 
 si pcenitet. If we are sorry for. — Pcenitet, impers. 
 
 It repents. 
 
 51. eradenda. Erado, ere, si, sum, act. To root out, 
 
 to blot out, to efface. 
 
 53. asperioribus. (compar.) Asper, era, rum, adj. 
 
 Rough, manly, severe. 
 
 54. forrnandce. Formo, are, act. To form, to frame, 
 
 to mould. 
 57. trocho. Trochus, i, m. A top. 
 k4 
 
200 CLAV1S HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 58. malts. Malo, malle. To prefer. 
 
 aled. Alea, se, f. A die, dice ; hence, gaming. — 
 (Gaming was strictly forbidden by the Roman 
 law.) 
 
 59. perjura Jides. Perjury. — Fides, ei, f. Faith, ho- 
 
 nour. 
 GO. Consortem. Consors, tis, c. g. A co-heir. 
 socium. Socius, ii, m. A partner. 
 hospztem. Hospes, itis, c. g. A friend. 
 64. curtce rei. To an estate, in our own imagination, 
 insufficient. — Curtus, a, um, adj. Small, cur- 
 tailed. 
 
 ODE XXV. 
 
 1. TU I plenum. Full of thee; i.e. inspired by thee. 
 
 Plenus, a, um, adj. Full. 
 
 2. specus. Specus, us, m. f. and n. A den, a cave. 
 
 3. velox mente nova. Hurried along by my newly ac- 
 
 quired spirits. Velox, 5cis, adj. Swift, rapid. 
 
 4. Egreg'ri. See book 1. Ode vi. ver. 11. The order 
 
 is — Quibus antris audiar, meditans inserere ster- 
 num decus egregii Ccesaris stellis et concilio Jovis. 
 
 5. meditans. Meditans, tis, part, (a meditor.) Think- 
 
 ing, meditating. 
 
 6. inserere. Insero, ere, serui, sertum, act. To insert. 
 
 to place amongst. 
 
 7. insigne, sub. carmen. Insignis, e, adj. Noble, lofty. 
 
 8. indicium. Indictus, part, and adj. Untold, unsung, 
 
 uncelebrated. 
 
BOOK III. ODE XXV. 201 
 
 tERSE 
 
 9. Exsomnis. Exsomnis, e, adj. Sleepless. (Noc~ 
 turna erant Bacchi sacra.) 
 Evias. A Bacchanal ; (from Evius. See Book 1. 
 Ode xviii. ver. 9.) 
 12. Lustratam. Lustratus, part, (from lustror.) Passed 
 over, trodden. 
 Rhodopen. Rhodope, es, f. A mountain, or rather 
 a range of mountains, in Thrace. (Mons, quern 
 Thraces barbari peragrant.) 
 
 14. Naiadum. Naiades, um, f. pi. Nymphs who pre- 
 
 sided over fountains and rivers. They seem to 
 have been nearly the same with the Nymphs, 
 potens. Potens, tis, adj. Powerful, presiding over. 
 So potens Cypri, book 1. Ode iii. ver. 1. 
 
 15. valentium. Valens, ntis, adj. and part. Prevail- 
 
 ing, strong, powerful. 
 
 16. vertere. Verto, ere, act. To pull up, to turn, to 
 
 overthrow, to ruin. 
 procerus. Pr5cerus, a, um, adj. High, tall, lofty. 
 fraxinos. Fraxinus, i, f. An ash tree. 
 
 17. nil parvum. Nothing low. 
 
 18. loquar. Loquor, i, locutus sum, dep. To speak, 
 
 to sing, to celebrate. 
 
 19. Lencee. Lenaeus, i, m. A name given to Bacchus. 
 
 (From Arjvbg, a wine-press. ) 
 
 20. cingentem. Cingens, tis, part, (from cingo.) Sur- 
 
 rounding, binding. 
 pampino. Pampinus, i, d. g. The shoot, or ten- 
 dril, of a vine. 
 
 x5 
 
202 CLAVIS HORATIANA, 
 
 ODE XXVI. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 1. VIXI. Vivo, ere, xi, n. To live, to exist. 
 
 idoneus. Idoneus, a, urn, adj. Of a proper age (for 
 
 service) ; fit, suitable. 
 1. militavi, I served (under Venus). Milito, are, act. 
 
 To serve in war : so Ovid, Militat omnis amans. 
 
 4. hie paries. The instruments used in any profession 
 
 which was discontinued, were fixed in the temple 
 of its tutelar deity. Thus the soldier, upon quit- 
 ting the service of war, hung up his arms in the 
 temple of Mars : and therefore Horace, about to 
 quit the service of Venus, dedicates his arms, 
 funalia, vectes, &c. in the temple of the goddess. 
 
 5. Lcevurn. Laevus, a, um, adj. The left. — As the 
 
 statues of the Gods always faced the south, the 
 left side would look toward the east, which was 
 considered the happiest quarter of the heavens. 
 7. Funalia. Funale, is, n. A torch made of rope (to 
 light the lover to the house of his mistress.) 
 vectes. Vectis, is, m. An iron bar, a crow : (used 
 
 to force the door, if admittance was refused.) 
 arcus. Arcus, us, m. A bow. — Arcus is here used, 
 most probably, to signify some instrument, which, 
 like the vectis, was employed in forcing the door, 
 Coppositis forihus minaces, threatening the doors 
 which opposed their entry,) should the mistress 
 refuse to admit her lover. 
 10. Memphim. Memphis, is, f. A celebrated town of 
 Egypt, on the banks of the Nile. It is here put, 
 by synecdoche, for the whole of Africa. 
 
BOOK III. ODE XXVII. 203 
 
 VERSE 
 
 Sithonid. Sithonius, a, um, adj. Thracian.— Si- 
 thonia was a country of Thrace, 
 
 1 1 . sublimiflagello. With your lifted scourge. — Subli- 
 
 mis, e, adj. Raised on high. 
 
 12. Tange semel. Give one stroke. — S£mel,adv. Once. 
 arrogantem. Arrogans, tis, part, and adj. Arro- 
 gant, disdainful. 
 
 ODE XXVII. 
 
 1 . PARR2E. Parra, se, f. A bird of bad omen, with 
 
 which we are unacquainted : probably, a species 
 of owl. 
 recinentis. Recinens, tis, part, (from recino.) Sing- 
 ing, chattering, chirping. (It is well known that 
 the Romans took their auspices from the flight, 
 and the chirping, of birds ; and that the sight of 
 a bird or beast of bad omen, was sufficient to set 
 aside any undertaking.) 
 
 2. prcegnans. Praegnans, antis, adj. Pregnant, big 
 
 with young. 
 
 3. rava. Ravus, a, um, adj. Tawny. 
 
 decurrens. Decurrens, part, (from decurro.) Run- 
 ning down. 
 
 Lanuvino. Laniivinus, a, um, adj. Of Lanuvium, 
 a town situated near the Via Appia, on the road 
 to Brundusium. Its neighbourhood abounded in 
 wolves. 
 
 4. Fee ta. Foetus, a, um, adj. With young. 
 Vulpes. Vulpes, is, c. g. A fox. 
 
 k6 
 
204 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 5. Rumpat iter. May cross his road. — Rumpat is here 
 
 used in the sense of trajiciat. 
 
 6. per obliquwn. Across, crossing the way. — Obliquus, 
 
 a, urn, adj. Oblique, sidelong. 
 
 7. Mannos. Mannus, i, m. A nag, a horse, a palfrey. 
 
 9. paludes. Palus, udis, f. A marsh, a lake, a moor. 
 
 a fen. 
 
 10. Imbrium divina. Foretelling showers. Irnber, ris, 
 
 m. A shower. 
 
 11. Oscinem. Oscen, mis, adj. Birds, which gave 
 
 omens by their chirping, were called Oscines ; 
 as those who did so by their flight, were Prce- 
 petes. 
 
 12. Solis ab ortu. From the rising of the sun, i. e. from 
 
 the east. Horace was to call the raven from the 
 east, because all omens from that quarter were 
 reckoned favourable. 
 14. Galatea. Galatea, se, f. The commentators have 
 puzzled themselves to discover whom this name, 
 evidently fictitious, is intended to designate. It 
 seems sufficient for the understanding of the Ode. 
 which is nevertheless somewhat difficult, to sup- 
 pose that Horace is endeavouring to persuade 
 some female friend from undertaking a voyage 
 to Greece, by telling her, that although there are 
 no such bad omens as those which terrify the 
 wicked when they set out upon a journey ; 
 still, storms may arise, and endanger the safety 
 of the good. The chief difficulty arises from the 
 introduction of the story of Europa, which has 
 no apparent connexion with the rest of the Ode ; 
 unless he means to insinuate, that the sea is as 
 
BOOK III. ODE XXVII. 205 
 
 VERSE 
 
 treacherous as the bull to whom she unthinkingly 
 trusted herself. 
 1.5. Icevus. Lsevus, a, um, adj. On the left hand. — 
 Omens appearing on the left hand, were consi- 
 dered unpropitious. 
 
 20. Peccet. Pecco, are, act. To sin ; to be mischiev- 
 
 ous : also, to deceive. 
 
 21. ccecos. Caecus, a, um, adj. Blind, dark, gloomy. 
 
 22. Austri. Auster, tri, m. The south wind : any wind. 
 
 23. fremitum. Fremitus, us, m. A roar, a noise, a 
 
 raging. 
 nigri. Niger, gra, grum, adj. Black, dark, tem- 
 pestuous. 
 
 24. verier e. Verber, eris, n. A stroke, a dashing (of 
 
 the waves.) 
 
 25. Europe. Europe, es, f. A daughter of Agenor, 
 
 king of Phoenicia, of very superior beauty. Cap- 
 tivated with her appearance, Jupiter transformed 
 himself into a bull ; and, attracted by his un- 
 equalled whiteness and his gentleness, the notice 
 of Europa, who at last ventured on his back. 
 The God carried her across the sea to Crete, 
 where she bore him three children. It is fabled 
 that one quarter of the globe is called from her, 
 Europe. 
 
 26. scatentem. Scatens, part, (from scateo ) Abounding. 
 medias fraudes, i. e. sero, et in medio ponto depre- 
 
 hensas. Fraus, dis, f. Deceit. 
 
 28. audax. Audax, acis, adj. Bold, audacious, daring, 
 
 (in trusting herself to the back of the bull.) 
 
 29. nuper, adv. Lately, a short time since. 
 
 studiosa flomm in pratis. Seeking flowers in the 
 
206 CLAVIS HORAT1ANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 meadows. — Studiosus, a, urn, adj. Diligent ; 
 searching diligently after. 
 
 30. opifex. Opifex, icis, c. g. A maker, a contriver. 
 
 31. sublustri. Sublustris, e, adj. Glimmering, star- 
 
 light. 
 33. centum oppidis. Greece, 'EicaTopTroXtv. Oppidum, 
 
 i, n. A town, a city. 
 35. Pietas. Pietas, atis, f. Filial affection, piety. 
 
 38. Vigilans, Vigilans, tis, part, (from vigilo.) Watch- 
 
 ing, waking. 
 
 39. commissum. Commissum, i, n. (subst. ex part.) 
 
 A crime, an offence, a fault. 
 41. eburna. True dreams were supposed to be sent 
 from the infernal regions through a gate of horn ; 
 and dreams of falsehood, through a gate of ivory. 
 Thus Virgil: 
 
 Sunt geminae somni port® ; quarum altera fertur 
 
 Cornea, qua veris facilis datur exitus umbris; 
 
 Altera candenti perfecta nitens elephante. — JSneid. 6. 
 
 46. Dedat. Dedo, ere, dedidi, deditum, act. To give 
 
 up, to surrender. 
 
 47. modo, adv. Just now; a little before. 
 
 multum amati. Too much beloved. — Amatus, part, 
 (from amor.) Beloved. 
 49. Impudens. Impudens, tis, adj. Shameless. 
 •51. Inter err em, for Err em inter. 
 
 53. macies. Macies, ei, f. Leanness, wanness, (of 
 
 old age.) 
 
 54. succus. Succus, i, m. Juice, moisture: hence, 
 
 strength, vigour. 
 
 55. prcedce. Prseda, ae, f. Booty, prey, (viz. to tigers; 
 
 ver. 56.) 
 
BOOK III. ODE XXVIII. 207 
 
 VERSE 
 
 specwsa, Speciosus, a, um, adj. Beautiful. 
 57. Orno. Ornus, i, f. An ash tree: any tree. 
 59. bene, adv. Well, fortunately. 
 
 elidere. Elido, ere, si, sum, act. To strangle. 
 61. acuta leto. Pointed for death.— Acutus, a, um, 
 
 adj. Sharp. 
 63. Herile pcmmm A task enjoined by a master to 
 
 his slave. — Herilis, e, adj. Of, or belonging to, 
 
 a master. — Pensum, i, n. A task. 
 69. Abstineto irarum. Cease from your anger. Thus 
 
 Homer : \;jye x°* « « — Abstineo, ere, ui, m. To 
 
 abstain, to refrain. 
 71. Cum tibi. An ironical allusion to ver. 45, &c. 
 
 73. Uxor esse nescis, for Uxor em te esse nescis. A 
 
 Grsecism. 
 
 74. Singultus. Singultus, us, m. A sob, a complaint. 
 
 75. Sectus orbis. The world derided 5 i.e. a division 
 
 of the world. — Sectus, part, (from secor.) Cut, 
 divided. 
 
 ODE XXVIII. 
 
 2. FACIAM. See Ode xiv. ver. 6. The poet pur- 
 
 poses to make an offering to Neptune, on his festal 
 day ; and to spend it, in pleasure and gaiety, with 
 his mistress, Lyde. 
 
 3. strenua, i. e. cita. Strenuus, a, um, adj. Strong, 
 
 quick, nimble. 
 
 4. Munitce adhibe vim sapientice. Apply a degree of 
 
 violence to your guarded wisdom; i.e. sobriety. 
 
208 CLAVIS HORATIANA, 
 
 VERSE 
 
 So lene tormentum admoves ; Ode xxi. ver. 13. — 
 
 Munitus, part, (from munior.) Fortified, guarded. 
 
 8. Cessantem. Idle ; i. e. old. — Cessans, tis, part, and 
 
 adj. Delaying, dilatory, idle. 
 
 B'ibuli Consults \ M. Calpurnius Bibulus was consul 
 
 with Julius Caesar, A. U. C. 695. Horace was 
 
 born, Consule Manlio, (Ode xxi. ver. 1.) A.U.C. 
 
 688 : so that this wine had been kept from the 
 
 time that the poet was six years old. Bibulus 
 
 shut himself up during his consulate, to which the 
 
 epithet cessantem may have an indirect allusion. 
 
 10. Nereidum. Nereides, urn, f, pi. The Nereids. See 
 
 book 1. Ode xv. ver. 5. They were sea nymphs, 
 
 attendant upon Neptune; beautiful, gay, and 
 
 accomplished in their manners. 
 
 13. Summo carmine. At the close of the song. ■ 
 qnce. Supply cantabimus Mam, i. e. Fenerem. 
 
 14. Fulgentes. Fulgens, tis, part, (from fulgeo.) Shin- 
 
 ing. (So nitentes, book 1. Ode xiv. ver. 19.) 
 
 15. oloribus. Olor, oris, m. A swan. — The car of 
 
 Venus was sometimes drawn by these birds. 
 
 16. Ncenia. See book 2. Ode i. ver. 38. Ncenia seems 
 
 here to be an hymn in honour of Night, because 
 she favoured the frolics of lovers. 
 
 ODE XXIX. 
 
 1. TYRRHENA regum progenies, by enallage, for 
 Tyrrhenorum i: see book 1. Ode i. ver. 1. The 
 order is — Maecenas, Tyrrhena regum progenies, 
 
BOOK III. ODE XXIX. 209 
 
 VERSE 
 
 jamdudum apud me est tibi, lene merum, fyc. This 
 invitation to Maecenas is generally considered one 
 of the most noble efforts of the muse of Horace. 
 2. verso. Versus, part, (from vertor.) Turned; (to 
 be broached ; as the Antients did not tap their 
 casks, as we do.) 
 4. Balanus. Balanus, i, m. Essence, perfume. 
 6. NE semper udum. There can be no doubt that this 
 reading is incorrect. Semper must thus be con- 
 strued with contempleris ; which, even allowing 
 that Maecenas could command a view of Tibur, 
 iEsula, and the high grounds, juga of Tusculum* 
 from his palace on the Esquiline Hill, would ab- 
 surdly represent him as constantly gazing upon 
 the prospect in question. The best reading is 
 undoubtedly UT semper ; which connects semper 
 with udum. In this case the poet invites his pa- 
 tron to his house, in the neighbourhood of Tibur, 
 from whence iEsula and Tusculum were, most 
 probably, visible. 
 Msulce. iEsula, ae, f. A town of Latium, between 
 Tibur and Prceneste. 
 8. Telegoni. Telegonus, i, m. The son of Ulysses 
 and Circe. Having killed his father, who was 
 unknown to him, he retired to Italy, and built the 
 town of Tusculum. 
 10. Propinquam nubibus. Nearly reaching to the clouds. 
 Augustus limited the height of houses by law, in 
 consequence of the frequent accidents, occa- 
 sioned by the falling of buildings, which were 
 raised extravagantly high. 
 12. Strepitum. Strepitus, us, m. Noise, confusion. 
 
210 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VKRSE 
 
 14. Munda. Mundus, a, urn, adj. Neat, clean, whole- 
 some. 
 
 16. Solicitam. Solicitus, a, ura, adj. Anxious, care- 
 
 worn. 
 Explicuere. Explico, are, ui, and avi, act. To 
 free from care. 
 
 1 7. Andromedce pater. Cepheus, with his wife, Cas- 
 
 siope, and his daughter, Andromeda, was placed 
 among the stars. He forms a constellation in 
 the tail of the lesser bear, which rises about the 
 9th of July. 
 
 18. Procyon. Procyon, the lesser dog-star, rises nearly 
 
 at the same time with Cepheus. 
 
 19. vesanu Vesanus, a, um, adj. Causing sickness : 
 
 vast, mighty, mad. 
 Leonis. Leo, onis, m. The constellation of the 
 Lion. 
 23. dumeta. Dumetum, i, n. A thicket, a brake, a 
 wood. 
 Sylvani. Supply qucerunt, from ver. 22. The 
 Sylvani were rural deities, of the same nature 
 with the Satyrs. 
 28. Bactra. Bactra, orum, n. pi. A town of Persia : 
 here, by synecdoche, for Persia. 
 Tanaisque discors. The Scythians and Sarmatians 
 who bordered upon this river, were frequently 
 engaged in wars with each other ; from whence 
 the poet calls it discors. — Discors, dis, adj. Dis- 
 cordant. 
 31. Trepidet. Trepido, are, act. To tremble, to be 
 anxious. 
 Ultra fas. Beyond what is proper for him to know. 
 
BOOK III. ODE XXIX. 211 
 
 VERSE 
 
 32. Quod adest, &c. Of that which is present, remem- 
 
 ber to make a proper use. — Compono, ere, sui, 
 ltum, act. To settle, to set in jorder. 
 
 33. ccetera, i. e. futura. 
 
 40. diluvies. Diluvies, ei, f. A deluge. 
 
 41. Irritat. Irrito, are, act. To irritate, to swell. 
 
 45. Irritum. Irritus, a, um, adj. Vain, ineffectual. 
 
 46. retro est. Is past. Retro, adv. Backward. 
 
 47. Diffinget. Diffingo, ere, xi, ctum, act. To mar, 
 
 to change. 
 
 48. vexit, i. e. secum egit. Veho, ere, xi, ctum, act. To 
 
 carry, to bear away. 
 
 54. resigno. Resigno, are, act. Properly, to unseal : 
 
 hence, to resign, to restore. 
 
 55. Involvo. Involvo, ere, vi, lutum, act. To involve, 
 
 to inclose, to encircle. 
 
 " Why then mine honesty shall be my dower." 
 
 Shakspeake. 
 
 58. Malus. Malus, i, m. A mast (of a ship.) 
 miseras. Miser, ra, rum, adj . Wretched, selfish. 
 
 59. Pacisci. Paciscor, ci, pactus sum, dep. To bar- 
 
 gain, to stipulate. 
 
 62. Tunc me, &c. The order is — Tunc aura, geminus- 
 que Pollux ferat me, tutum prcesidio biremis sea- 
 phce, per JEgccos tumultus. Scapha, a?, f. A skiff, 
 a boat. 
 
 64. Geminus Pollux. The appearance of the twins 
 (i. e. Castor and Pollux) together, was prognos- 
 tic of fair weather, (see book 1. Ode iii. ver. 2.); 
 if singly, it was the sign of a storm. 
 
212 CLAVIS HORATIANA 
 
 ODE XXX. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 1. EXEGL Exigo, ere, egi, actum, act. To perform, 
 to complete, to finish. — Horace most probably in- 
 tended to have written no more lyric poetry ; but 
 he added another book to his Odes, at the request 
 of Augustus. The monument which he has thus 
 erected, has continued even longer than he pre- 
 dicted ; and his poems will, most probably, retain 
 their just pre-eminence till the end of time. 
 
 2. situ. Situs, us, m. Situation, site ; structure. 
 Pyramidum. The celebrated pyramids of Egypt. 
 
 under which the antient kings of that country are 
 buried. — Pyramis, idis, f. A pyramid. 
 
 3. Impotens. Impotens, tis, adj. Boisterous, ungo- 
 
 vernable. 
 
 7. Libitina. Libitina, ae, f. The goddess who presided 
 
 over funerals. Hence the word is frequently used 
 for death itself. 
 
 8. recens. Recens, tis, adj. Fresh, vigorous, flourishing. 
 
 9. virgine Pontifex. The vestal virgins always attended 
 
 the Pontifex Maximus, or the chief priest, in his 
 solemn processions to the temple of Jupiter Capi- 
 tolinus. He pronounced what was necessary 
 during the sacrifices, the virgins all the while pre- 
 serving the strictest silence. Hence tacita. 
 
 10. Aufidus. Aufidus, i, m. A river of Apulia, near 
 
 which Horace was born. Book 4. Ode ix. ver. 2. 
 
 11. Daunus. Daunus, i, m. An ancient king of Apulia. 
 
 12. populorum. This genitive is used after regnavit, 
 
 more Grseco. 
 
BOOK III. ODE XXX. 213 
 
 VERSE 
 
 ex humili. Though of humble birth. — Humilis, e, 
 adj. Humble, low. 
 
 13. /Eolium camen Sapphus et Alcaei. 
 
 14. Deduxisse. Deduco, ere, xi, ctum, act. To bring 
 
 down, to adapt. 
 Sume superbiam qucesitam meritis. Take the glory 
 due to your deserts, (in inspiring me with poetic 
 talent.) — Quaesitus, part, (from quceror,) Sought, 
 acquired, due. 
 
 I cannot refrain from transcribing, for the gratifica- 
 tion of the young student, the spirited lines with which 
 Ovid concludes his Metamorphoses ; so similar to this 
 Monumentum cere perennius of Horace, that both almost 
 appear to have come from the same pen : 
 
 " Jamque opus cxegi, quod nee Jovis ira, nee ignes, 
 Nee poterit ferrum, nee edax abolere vetustas. 
 Cum volet ilia dies, quae nil nisi corporis hujus 
 Jus habet, incerti spatiuin mihi finiat aevi, 
 Parte tamen meliore mei super alta perennis 
 Astra ferar, nomenque erit indelebile nostrum. 
 Quaque patet domitis Romana potentia terris, 
 Ore legar populi : perque omnia saecula fama, 
 Si quid babent veri vatum praesagia, vivam." 
 
CLAVIS HORATIANA, 
 
 BOOK IV. 
 
 ODE I. 
 
 VLRSE 
 
 1 . BELLA intermissa. Wars, in the service of Venus, 
 which had long ceased. — This fourth book, of 
 which many of the Odes are inscribed to some 
 member of his family, was written at the request 
 of Augustus. In a pleasing allegory, which runs 
 through the first Ode, he complains that he is no 
 longer equal to the task, which is assigned him, 
 and which wjuld be better executed by Paulus 
 Maximus.— Intermissus, part, (from intermittor.) 
 Discontinued. 
 
 4. Cinarce. Cinara, se, f. A former mistress of Ho- 
 race, who was now dead. Hence the epithet 
 bonce, which was usually applied to the deceased. 
 
 6. lustra. Lustrum, i, n. A .^ace of five years. Ho- 
 
 race was therefore nearly fifty years of age. 
 
 7. abi. Abeo, ire, neut. To go away, to disappear, to 
 
 depart. 
 S). Tempestivius. (compar.) Tempestive, adv. Suitably,' 
 fitly, seasonably. 
 3 
 
BOOK IV. ODE I. 215 
 
 VERSE 
 
 10. PaulL Paulus Faoius Maximus, a noble youth, of 
 
 agreeable manners, persuasive eloquence, and 
 
 great abilities. 
 purpureis. Purpureus, a, urn, adj. Purple ; i. e. 
 
 beautiful. So Milton : — " Waves his purple 
 
 wings." 
 ales oloribus. Flying i a chariot, drawn by swans. 
 
 11. Comissabere. Comissor, ari, atus sum. dep. To 
 
 revel. 
 
 12. jecur. Jecur, oris, n. The liver: (which was 
 
 thought to be the seat of love.) 
 14. non tacitus. Eloquent, pleading eloquently. — Ta- 
 citus, a, urn, adj. and part. Silent. 
 reis. Reus, a$ um, adj. Arraigned, accused, guilty. 
 
 16. signaferet. Shall bear your standards ; i.e. shall 
 
 extend your empire. The bravest and the hand- 
 somest in the Roman army were selected for the 
 office of standard-bearer. — S:gnum, i, n. A sign, 
 a token : hence, a standard, a banner. 
 
 17. quandoque, for quandocuncquv. Whenever. 
 
 18. Muneribus riserit. He shall have laughed at the 
 
 presents : or, perhaps, muneribus should be con- 
 strued with potentior : superior to the presents. 
 Rideo, ere, si, sum, n. To laugh, to smile. 
 
 19. te ponet rnarmoream. He will set you up in mar- 
 
 ble ; i. e. he will erect a statue to your honour. 
 Marmoreus, a, u™ s adj. Of marble. 
 
 20. Sub trabe Cypria. In a temple, built of wood, 
 
 which grew in your favourite island, Cyprus. — 
 Trabs, bis, f. A beam ; the wood of which the 
 temple was built ; here, put for the temple itself. 
 Sometimes it is used for a ship ; book 1. Ode i. 
 
216 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 ver. 13. Some read, Citrea ; but there seems 
 to be no good reason for the alteration. 
 22. Bereajnthid. See book 3. Ode xix. ver. 18. 
 
 24. mistis. Mistus, part, (from misceor. ) Mixed, ac- 
 
 companied. 
 
 25. Bis die. Twice a day ; i. e. in the morning and at 
 
 sun-set. Bis, adv. Twice. 
 30. animi mutui. Of mutual love. — Animus, i, m. The 
 mind : here, put for love, affection. 
 
 33. Ligurine. Ligurinus, i, m. A beautiful youth, 
 
 beloved by Horace. 
 
 34. Rara. Rarus, a, um, adj. Scarce ; imperceptible. 
 38. captam. Supply te, from ver. 39. — Captus, part. 
 
 (from captor.) Caught, held fast. 
 40. dure. Durus, a, um, adj. Hard, inexorable. 
 
 ODE II. 
 
 PINDARUM. Pindarus, i, m. The most cele- 
 brated of all the Greek lyric poets. Pausanias 
 tells us, that, in his time, there was an iron chair 
 in the temple of Apollo, at Delphi, said to have 
 been placed there by order of the God himself, in 
 which Pindar used to sit, and sing hymns to his 
 praise. Nor had he less ardent admirers among 
 men. The Spartans, and after them, Alexander 
 is said to have had so great a veneration for his 
 talents, that, at the taking of Thebes, the house in 
 which the poet had lived, was spared amid the 
 general devastation. Of the various species of 
 
BOOK IV. ODE II. 217 
 
 VERSE 
 
 lyric poetry, which Horace ascribes to him in this 
 Ode, it is to be lamented that those only which 
 celebrated the victories of the conquerors in the 
 four sacred games of Greece, are now extant. 
 cemulari. JEmiilor, ari, dep. To emulate, to rival. 
 
 2. Iule. lulus Antonius was the son of Antony, the 
 
 triumvir, by Fulvia. He seems to have requested 
 Horace to celebrate the recent victory of Augus- 
 tus, over the Sicambri, a people of Germany, in a 
 Pindaric ode, which the poet declines, by declaring 
 his incompetency for the task, and advises lulus 
 to undertake it, as being better able to perform it. 
 He had received the highest honours from Augus- 
 tus, whose niece he married ; and yet he basely 
 entered into a conspiracy against his life. He 
 anticipated the consequence of his detection, by 
 suicide. 
 ceratis. Ceratus, a, um, adj. Waxen, made of wax. 
 
 3. nititur. Nitor, i, dep. To trust to, to lean upon, to 
 
 rely upon. 
 vitreo. Vitreus, a, um, adj. Glassy, like glass, green. 
 Daturus. Daturus, part, (from do.) About to give, 
 
 doomed to give. See book 1. Ode iii. ver. 34. 
 
 6. notas. Notus, part, and adj. Known, accustomed. 
 aluere. Alo, ere, ui, itum, act. To nourish, to in- 
 crease. 
 
 7. fervet. Ferveo, ere, vi, and vui, n. To be hot, to 
 
 glow. 
 immensus. Immensus, a, um, adj. Vast, majestic. 
 profundo ore. With deep, i. e. powerful eloquence. 
 
 Os, oris, n. The mouth : hence, eloquence. 
 
218 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 9. Laured. subaud. Corona. Laureus, a, urn, adj. Of 
 
 laurel. 
 
 10. Dithyrambos. The Dithyrambic Odes, written in 
 
 honour of Bacchus, were composed without regard 
 to any regular metre, requiring only the observ- 
 ance of rhythm. Hence, numeris lege solutis, 
 seems to signify, numbers free from the law of 
 metre. Thus Milton : " In loose numbers wildly 
 sweet." 
 15. Centauri. The Centaurs were a people of Thessaly, 
 who first discovered the art of taming horses ; 
 and appearing, when mounted, to be connected 
 with their horses, they were converted, by their 
 ignorant neighbours, into monsters, half men and 
 half horses. Hercules is said to have destroyed 
 the greater part of them. 
 
 17. Elea palma. The crown, or prize, obtained by the 
 
 conquerors in the Olympic games, which were 
 celebrated at Elis. — Eleus, a, um, adj. Of Elis. 
 
 18. C celestes. Ccelestis, e, adj. Godlike. 
 
 19. signis. Signum, i, n. A statue. 
 
 20. Munere, subaud. Car minis. 
 
 21. Flebili. Flebilis, e, adj. Lamenting, sorrowful. 
 raptum, subaud. morte. Dead, deceased. — Raptus, 
 
 part, (from rapior.) Snatched away. 
 
 24. Invidet orco. Rescues him from hell ; i. e. from 
 
 oblivion. — Invideo, ere, n. To envy : hence, to 
 snatch from. 
 
 25. Dircceum cycnum. The Dircsean swan ; i. e. Pin- 
 
 dar. See book 1. Ode vi. ver. 2. Dirce was a 
 fountain, near Thebes, the birth-place of the 
 poet. 
 
BOOK IV. ODE III. 219 
 
 VERSE 
 
 27. Matinee. Matinus, a, ura, adj. Of Matinus, a 
 
 mountain of Apulia. 
 
 28. More. Mos, oris, m. A habit, a custom. 
 Modo. Modus, i, m. A manner. 
 
 33. concines. Concino, ere, ui, centum, act. To sing, 
 to celebrate in song. 
 
 35. Sacrum clivum. The ascent to the Capitol, to which 
 the triumphant general proceeded. — Clivus, i, m. 
 A hill, an ascent. 
 
 44. litibus orbum. During the festivals, law-suits were 
 not carried on in the forum; from which the 
 lawyers, advocates, and judges, absented them- 
 selves, during the rejoicings of the people. — 
 Orbus, a, um, adj. Destitute, deprived of. 
 
 53. Te. Supply solvent, from ver. 54. Will absolve 
 your vow. 
 
 55. juvenescit. Juvenesco, ere, neut. To grow young, 
 
 to grow. 
 
 56. vota, subaud. D its facta. 
 
 59. videri. A Graecism, for visu. 
 
 ODE III. 
 
 2. NASCENTEM. Horace attributes his superior 
 poetic talents to the influence of the muse Melpo- 
 mene, who interested herself in his honour, even 
 at the time of his birth. Gray has a similar allu- 
 sion : 
 
 il Fair science frowned not on his humble birtb." 
 
 l2 
 
220 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSC 
 
 Scaliger says, that he would rather have been the 
 author of this beautiful Ode, than king of Arra- 
 gon, (vel Tarraconensis rex fieri.) 
 placido lumine. With a gentle, i. e. a favouring, eye. 
 Lumen, inis, n. Light : hence, the eye. 
 
 3. labor Isthmius. The toil of the Isthmian games; 
 
 (which were celebrated in honour of Neptune, at 
 the Isthmus of Corinth, every third year.) 
 
 4. clarabit. Claro, are, act. To ennoble. 
 
 impiger. Impiger, gra, grum, adj. Diligent, swift. 
 6. Deliis foliis. With leaves of laurel, which was con- 
 secrated to Apollo, who was a native ofDelos. 
 
 8. contuderit. Contundo, ere, udi, usum, act. To beat 
 
 down, to tame, to repress, 
 
 9. ostendet. Ostendo, ere, di, sum, act. To show, or 
 
 exhibit. 
 
 10. prcefiuunt, for fluunt pr&ter. 
 
 11. comce. Coma, se, f. Hair: hence, the foliage of 
 
 trees. 
 
 13. Romce suboles, i.e. Augustus, who had requested 
 
 Horace to write this additional book of Odes ; 
 and, about the same time, the Carmen Seculare. 
 
 14. Dignatur. Dignor, ari, dep. To deign, to con- 
 
 descend. 
 16. dente invido. With malicious tooth ; i. e. with envy. 
 
 Dens, tis, m. A tooth. 
 22. fidicen. Fidicen, inis, m. A minstrel. 
 
BOOK IV. ODE IV. 221 
 
 ODE IV. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 1 . ALITEM, i. e. the eagle, sacred to Jupiter. The 
 order is — Rhceti Vindelici videre Drusum gerentem 
 bella sub Alpibus, qualem alitem, fyc. ; but it is 
 unnecessary to destroy the hyperbaton, in tran- 
 slating the passage. The beauties of this Ode 
 have been greatly admired ; in which Scaliger 
 says, that Horace has excelled himself, and all 
 the poets of Greece ; et seipsum et omnem Grce- 
 ciam superavit. It was written to celebrate the 
 victory of Claudius Drusus Nero, the adopted son 
 of Augustus, and brother of Tiberius, afterwards 
 emperor, over the Rhceti and Findelici, people of 
 Germany, between the Alps and the Danube, 
 
 4. Ganymede. Ganymedes, is, m. Ganymede. See 
 book 3. Ode xx. ver. 16. 
 
 G. nido. Nidus, i, m. A nest. 
 
 inscium. Inscius,a,um, adj. Inexperienced, ignorant. 
 
 8. nisus. Nisus, us, m. Attempt, exertion, flight. 
 
 9. paventem. Pavens, part, (from paveo.) Fearful, 
 
 terrified. 
 
 (9 
 
 ovilia. Ovile, is, n. A sheepfold. 
 11. reluctantes. Reluctans, part, (from reluctor, dep.) 
 Struggling, resisting. 
 
 13. Qualemve, &c. The order is — Qualemve leonem, 
 
 jam depulsum ah ubere lacte fulvce matris, ca- 
 prea, fyc. 
 
 14. ubere. Uber, eris, adj. Plentiful, abundant. 
 
 15. depulsum, Depulsus, part, (from depellor.) Driven 
 
 away, weaned. 
 
 l3 
 
222 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 16. novo. Novus, a, um, adj. New ; i. e. unused to 
 
 slaughter. 
 
 17. Videre, i. e. talem viderunt. See ver. 1. 
 
 18. quihus — omnia. These four lines are considered as 
 
 spurious by many of the commentators; and 
 they are certainly very tame, and unworthy of 
 the rest of the Ode. 
 
 24. Juvenis. Juvenis, is, m. A youth. Drusus was 
 
 but twenty-three years of age. 
 
 25. Indoles. Indoles, is, f. The disposition. 
 
 26. faustis. Faustus, a, um, adj. Happy, favoured, 
 
 blest. 
 28. Nerones. Drusus and Tiberius. 
 2d. creantur. Creo, are, act. To create, to produce. 
 bonis, subaud. boni. 
 
 33. insitam. Insitus, adj. and part. Innate, implanted 
 
 by nature, natural. 
 
 34. recti cultus. A good education. — Cultus, us, m. 
 
 Culture, education. 
 
 36. Indecorant. Indecoro, are, act. To disgrace, to 
 pollute. 
 bene nata. Naturally good qualities. — Natus, part, 
 (from nascor.) Born : also, inbred by nature. 
 
 38. Testis Metaurus, &c. Near the river Metaurus, in 
 Umbria, Claudius Nero defeated Asdrubal, who 
 was passing into Italy, with a large army, to re- 
 inforce his brother, Annibal. By this victory, 
 which cost the Carthaginians 45,000 men, he de- 
 cided the fate of Carthage, and made amends for 
 the several defeats which they had suffered from 
 Annibal. The news of this misfortune were 
 conveyed to the Carthaginian general by Nero 
 
BOOK IV. ODE IV. 223 
 
 ▼ ERSE 
 
 himself, who ordered the head of Asdrubal to be 
 thrown into his camp ; upon which he is said to 
 have exclaimed, in a paroxysm of grief; Agnosco 
 fortunam Carthaglnis ! I acknowledge the fate 
 of Carthage. See ver. 70. 
 
 41. Alma adorea. With a happy victory. — Adorea, 
 
 ae, f. A distribution of corn to the soldiers, after 
 they had obtained a victory : hence, a victory. 
 
 42. Afer. The African ; i. e. Annibal. 
 
 ut. Since, after that. Ex quo, posteaquarn. 
 
 48. Fana. Fanum, i, n. A temple, a shrine. 
 
 rectos. Rectus, a, um, adj. Upright, erect ; (re- 
 stored to their shrines, from which they had been 
 thrown down by the sacrilegious outrage of the 
 Carthaginians.) 
 
 51. opimus. Opimus, a, um, adj. Rich, honourable, 
 excellent. 
 
 53. Gens, &c. The order is — Gens Romana, quce,for- 
 tis et sacra, jactata Tuscis cequoribus, pertulit 
 natosque maturosque patres, cremato ab Elio, ad I 
 Ausonias urbes. — Crematus, part, (from cremor.) 
 Burnt. 
 
 57* tonsa. Tonsus, part, (from tondeor.) Lopped, 
 cut, pruned. 
 bipennibus. Bipennis, is, f. An axe, an hatchet. 
 The oak thrives better from lopping and pruning. 
 
 58. nigrce. Niger, gra, grum, adj. Black, dark, i.e. 
 
 shady. 
 
 59. damna. Damnum, i, n. Loss, injury, damage, 
 
 harm. 
 61. Hydra. Hydra, ae, f. A monstrous serpent, which 
 infested Lerna, a country of Argolis. It had 
 l4 
 
224 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 seven heads ; and, as soon as one of them was 
 cut off, two others grew in its place. It was the 
 second labour of Hercules, to destroy this mon- 
 ster. 
 63. monstrum-ve. Two prodigies, perfectly alike, hap- 
 pened in two different countries. Jason sowed 
 the teeth of a dragon in Colchis, and Cadmus did 
 the same in Bceotia two hundred years after- 
 wards. The teeth were instantly transformed 
 into armed men, who destroyed each other, 
 Echion, with four others, who remained of those 
 sown by Cadmus, assisted him in building the 
 walls of Thebes ; from whence the poet calls it 
 Echionice Thebce. — Monstrum, i, n. A monster, 
 a prodigy. 
 summisere. Summitto, ere, si, ssum, act. To send 
 up, to raise up. 
 
 65. merses. Merso, are, act. To sink, to overwhelm. 
 
 66. luctere. Luctor, ari, dep. To wrestle, to struggle. 
 proruet. Proruo, ere, ui, turn, act. To overthrow, 
 
 to beat down, to vanquish. 
 integrum. Integer, gra, urn, adj. Fresh; not hav- 
 ing yet engaged. 
 69. nuntios. Nuntius, i, m. A messenger, an ambas- 
 sador. — After his victory at Cannae, Hannibal 
 sent his brother, Mago, to Carthage, who related 
 the news in the most pompous manner. 
 
 72. Inter empto. Inter emptus, part, (from intertmor.) 
 
 Slain, killed. 
 
 73. Claudia. Claudius, a, urn, adj. Of the Claudian 
 
 family. 
 
BOOK IV. ODE V. 225 
 
 VERSE 
 
 76. Expediunt. Expedio, ire, ivi, itum, act. To free, 
 to deliver ; to conduct safely. 
 acuta, subaud. pericula. Acutus, a, um, adj. 
 Sharp, hazardous. 
 
 ODE V. 
 
 1. ROMULJE. Roman. This is the name of the 
 founder of Rome, declined like a substantive ; a 
 licence frequently adopted by the poets. — This 
 Ode was addressed to Augustus, while he was in 
 Gaul ; in which the poet feelingly expresses the 
 anxiety of the people for his return, as he had 
 now been absent about two years and a half, al- 
 though he had promised the Senate, that he would 
 not be long away from them. 
 
 3. Patrum. Of the Senators, who were called P aires 
 conscripti. — Pater, tris, m. A father. 
 
 5. Lucem. Lux, lucis, f. Light: hence, happiness. 
 
 7. affulsit. AfFulgeo, ere, si, n. To shine upon, to 
 
 cheer. 
 gratior. (compar.) Gratus, a, um, adj. Pleasant, 
 welcome, agreeable. 
 
 8. soles. Sol, solis, n. The sun. 
 
 9. Ut mater juvenem, &c. The order is — Ut mater 
 
 vocat juvenem quern, cunctanctem dulci domo Un- 
 guis spatio annuo, notus, fyc. 
 
 10. Carpathii maris. The Carpathian Sea: any sea. 
 
 Carpathus is an island in the Mediterranean Sea. 
 l5 
 
226 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 12. distinet. Distineo, ere, ui, act. To detain, to se- 
 parate. 
 
 15. icta. Ictus, part, (from icor.) Stricken, smitten. 
 Desideriis. Desiderium, ii, n. Regret. 
 
 18. Faustitas. Faustitas, atis, f. Prosperity. — The 
 goddess of rural happiness is here meant, who 
 presided over fruitful showers, and gentle airs. 
 
 27. Foetus. Foetus, us, m. An offspring. 
 
 29. Condit. Condo, ere, didi, turn, act. To pass, to 
 finish, to spend. 
 collibus. Collis, is, m. A hill, a declivity. The 
 gardens of the Antients were generally formed 
 upon gentle declivities, exposed to the sun. 
 
 31. Alteris mensis. At the second table. — The Romans 
 used two tables, one for their fish, meat, &c. ; 
 and the other for their dessert. At the second 
 table they sung their hymns, and made their 
 libations to the Gods, among whom Augustus 
 was now registered. Mensa, ae, f. A table. 
 
 35. Grcecia memor. Supply miscet numen. 
 
 37. ferias. Feriae, arum, f. pi. Holidays. (By a long 
 
 and peaceful reign.) 
 
 38. Integra die. When the day is entire. So, solido 
 
 die. Book 1. Ode i. ver. 20. 
 
 ODE VI. 
 
 DIVE. Divus, i, m. A God, i. e. Apollo.— Some 
 commentators affirm, that this Ode forms part of 
 the secular poem. Perhaps it is more probable, 
 
BOOK IV. ODE VI. 227 
 
 VERSE 
 
 that it was a prayer to Apollo, for his inspiration, 
 previous to composing the Secular Ode, closing 
 with an admonitory address to the youths and vir- 
 gins who were to sing it. 
 
 proles Niobcea. The children of Niobe, all of whom 
 were destroyed by Apollo and Diana, at the in- 
 stigation ofLatona, whom their mother had treat- 
 ed with contempt. The excessive grief of Niobe 
 at the sudden loss of her family, is said to have 
 effected her transformation into a stone. 
 
 magnce linguce, i. e. magniloquentice. Arrogant 
 language. — Lingua, ae, f. A tongue, speech. — 
 These words refer to Niobe, only ; not to Tityos. 
 
 2. raptor, subaud. Diance. See book 2. Ode xiv. ver. 8. 
 
 3. prope, adv. Almost. — Achilles did not live to see 
 
 the final destruction of Troy, in consequence of 
 an insult which he offered to Apollo. See the 
 close of book 21, and opening of book 22, of the 
 Iliad. 
 
 4. Phtkius. Phthius, a, um, adj. Of Phthia, a town 
 
 of Thessaly, celebrated as the birth-place of 
 Achilles. 
 
 8. pugnax. Pugnax, acis, adj. Warlike, brave. 
 
 1 S. inclusus equo. The celebrated wooden horse was in- 
 troduced into Troy by the treachery of Sinon, who 
 persuaded the Trojans to sacrifice it to Minerva, 
 assuring them that the Greeks, despairing of the 
 capture of Troy, had betaken themselves to their 
 ships, with the intention of returning home. 
 Achilles is said to have opposed the stratagem, 
 and to have advised an open assault upon the 
 town. 
 
 L 6 
 
228 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 14. male feriatos. Inauspiciously indulging in festi- 
 vity. Feriatus, part, (from ferior.) Keeping 
 holiday. 
 
 16. Falleret, for fefellisset. 
 
 17. Sed palam, Sic. The order is — Sed A chwis flam- 
 
 mis palam captis, gravis ureret pueros, &c. — 
 Gravis, e, adj. Fierce, terrible. 
 19. ureret, for ussisset. Uro, ere, ussi, ustum, act. To 
 burn. 
 latentem. The proper reading is, latentes. 
 
 22. Annuisset. Annuo, ere, ui, n. To assent. 
 
 23. potiore alite. With better auspices (than those with 
 
 which Troy was built.) 
 ductos. Ductus, part, (from ducor.) Led, drawn ; 
 built. 
 24>. muros, subaud. i?oww.^-Murus, i, m. A wall. 
 
 25. Doctor. Doctor, oris, m. An instructor, a teacher. 
 
 (The twenty-four first verses of this Ode are in 
 a parenthesis ; Doctor being in apposition with 
 Dive; ver. 1.) 
 Thalice. Thalia, ae, f. One of the Muses, who 
 presided over comedy, and festive poetry. 
 
 26. Xantho. Xanthus, i, m. A river of Troas, called 
 
 also Scamander. 
 28. Levis. Levis, e, adj. Smooth, beardless. 
 
 Agyieu. Agyieus is a Greek name of Apollo, from 
 dyvid, a street ; because statues were erected to 
 him in the public streets. So Euripides : $ Tg' 
 ava£ 'Ayvuv. Phsen. 640. 
 33. Delice dece. Diana, who was born at Delos. 
 
 Tutela, Tutela, se, f. Protection. — It is some- 
 
BOOK IV. ODE VII. 229 
 
 VERSE 
 
 times used, as here, in a passive sense : Under 
 the protection. 
 
 35. Lesbium, i. e. Sapphicum. See book 1. Ode i. 
 
 ver. 34. 
 
 36. Polllcis ictum. The stroke of the thumb, with 
 
 which it was usual to beat time, as well as with 
 the feet. 
 
 42. Seculo. Seciilum, i, n. An age, a century. See 
 
 the first note to the Carmen Seculare. 
 
 43. Reddidit i. e. dixi. I have recited, or sung. 
 
 ODE VII. 
 
 I . DIFFUGERE nives. r he snow has disappeared. 
 
 Diffugio, ere, gi, turn, n. To flee, to disappear. 
 The subject of this is nearly the same with that of 
 book 1. Ode iv. It is addressed to Manlius Tor- 
 quatus, the son, most probably, of that Manlius, 
 in whose consulate Horace was born. 
 3. ripas prcetereunt. Flow along their banks. — Ripa, 
 ae, f. The bank of a river. 
 
 8. rapit. Rapio, ere, ui, ptum, act. To hurry along. 
 
 9. proterit. Protero, &re, trivi, tritum, act. To tram- 
 
 ple upon, to drive forward. 
 
 I I . Effuderit. Effundo, ere, udi, usum, act. To pour 
 
 out, to shed, to scatter. 
 
 12. Bruma. Bruma, ae, f. Winter. 
 
 13. damna reparant ccelestia. Repair the losses of the 
 
 heavens ; i. e. bring back the seasons in their 
 
230 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 regular order. The following lines, by West, 
 contain a sentiment similar to that of Horace : 
 
 " I care not though this face be seen no more, 
 The world will pass as cheerful as before ; 
 Bright as before the day-star will appear, 
 The fields as verdant, and the skies as clear.'* 
 
 Reparo, are, act. To repair, to renew. 
 15. pius Mneas. iEneas, se, m. The hero of the iEneid, 
 
 to whom the epithet pius is always given by 
 
 Virgil. 
 Tullus et Ancus. Tullus Hostilius was the third, 
 
 and Ancus Martius the fourth, king of Rome. 
 17. adjiciant, for adjecturi sint. Adjicio, ere, jeci, 
 
 ectum, act. To add. 
 hodiernce summce. To the sum, or length of life, 
 
 which we have this day attained. Hodiernus, a, 
 
 um, adj. Of to-day. 
 21. Minos. See book 1. Ode xxviii. ver. 9. 
 
 26. Hippolytum. Hippolytus, i, m. A son of The- 
 
 seus, greatly favoured by Diana, on account of 
 his chastity and virtue. Having refused to gra- 
 tify the incestuous passion of his step-mother, 
 Phcedra, she basely accused him to his father 
 of an attempt upon her person, who entreated 
 Neptune to punish his incontinence. Neptune 
 complied, and Hippolytus was dashed to pieces, 
 in consequence of the horses of his chariot taking 
 fright at the noise of sea-calves, which the God 
 had sent on shore for the purpose. 
 
 27. Lethcea vincula. The fetters of Hell. Lethe was 
 
 one of the rivers of Hell, so called from Xi?^, 
 
 8 
 
BOOK IV. ODE VIII. 231 
 
 VERSE 
 
 oblivion ; because its waters had the effect of de- 
 stroying the remembrance of past occurrences. 
 Theseus. Theseus, i, m. Son of Mgeus, king of 
 Athens. If we except Hercules, he was perhaps 
 the most enterprising hero of antiquity. The 
 friendship of Theseus and Pirithous is prover- 
 bial. 
 
 ODE VIII. 
 
 1. COMMODUS, i.e. benignus, liberalis. Commo- 
 
 dus, a, um, adj. Convenient: also, kind, civil, 
 liberal. — Donarem commodus. I should be pleased 
 to send. 
 
 2. Censorine. C. Martius Censorinus, a noble Roman, 
 
 and a friend of Horace. 
 Mra. Antique vases, either of brass or bronze. — 
 Ms, aeris, n. Brass ; any thing made of brass. 
 
 3. Tripodas. Tripus, odis, m. A tripod. — The tri- 
 
 pods were vases, with three feet, wnich were given 
 to the Grecian heroes, as rewards of valour. 
 They were also consecrated to the service of the 
 Gods, and used as censers in their temples. 
 
 5. divite artium. Rich in works of art. Ars, artis, f. Art. 
 
 6. Parrhasius. Parrhasius, i, m. A celebrated painter 
 
 of Greece. 
 protulit. Pr5fero, rre, act. To produce, to exhibit. 
 Scopas. Scopas, se, m. One of the most eminent of 
 
 the antient Grecian sculptors. Pliny mentions 
 
 some of his works as among the noblest ornaments 
 
 of Rome. 
 
232 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 8. S oilers. Sollers, tis, adj. Skilful. 
 
 ponere. Pono, ere, sui, situm, act. To place ; to 
 represent. 
 10. deliciarum. Deliciae, arum, f. pi. Delicacies; cu- 
 riosities. 
 
 12. pretium dicer e muneri. To affix a value to the gift. 
 
 Pretium, ii, n. A price, a value. 
 
 13. notis. Nota, se, f. A mark, an inscription. 
 
 15. fugce, rejectceque mince. Annibal, alarmed at the 
 successes of Scipio, was forced to fly to the de- 
 fence of Carthage, although he had advanced to 
 the gates of Rome, and threatened destruction 
 to the capitol. On his return to Africa, his 
 threats were retorted upon himself; he was de- 
 feated by Scipio, near Zama, who thereupon re- 
 ceived the surname of Africanus, ver. 18. 
 
 19. Lucratus. Lucratus, part, (from lucror.) Having 
 
 gained. 
 
 20. Calabrce. Calaber, bra, um, adj. Calabrian. — 
 
 The poet Ennius, who was the friend and con- 
 stant companion of Scipio in his retirement, was 
 a native of Calabria. Probably he celebrated 
 his exploits in some of his compositions. 
 
 23. puer, i. e. Romulus. See book 1. Ode ii. ver. 17. 
 
 24. obstaret, for obstitisset. Obsto, are, stiti, stitum, 
 
 act. To oppose. 
 
 25. Macum. See book 2. Ode xiii. ver. 22. 
 
 26. favor. Favor, oris, m. Favour, influence, support. 
 
 27. divitibus insulis, i.e. in the Elysian fields. — Insula, 
 
 ae, f. An island. 
 SO. Impiger. Impiger, gra, grum, adj. Laborious, 
 brave. 
 
BOOK IV. ODE IX. 233 
 
 VERSE 
 
 32. Tyndaridce sidus. Castor and Pollux. See book 1. 
 Ode iii. ver. 2. 
 
 ODE IX. 
 
 1. NE credas. Do not suppose. — Credo, ere, didi, 
 ditum, n. To believe. The order is — Ne forte 
 credas, verba interitura esse, quae natus, 8$c. 
 Interitura. Interiturus, part, (from intereo.) About 
 to perish, doomed to perish. 
 
 3. Non ante vulgatas per artes. By the art of lyric 
 
 poetry, not before known to the Roman poets. — 
 Vulgatus, part, (from vulgor.) Published, made 
 known. 
 
 4. socianda. Socio, are, act. To accompany, to join, 
 
 to adapt. 
 chordis. Chorda, se, f. A string, or chord, of a 
 musical instrument. 
 
 6. Pindaricce. See Ode ii. ver. 1. 
 
 7. Cece, i. e. Simonidis. See book 2. Ode i. ver. 38. 
 
 8. Stesichori. Stesichorus, i, m. A celebrated poet of 
 
 Greece, and a native of Sicily. He composed 
 twenty-six books of lyric poetry, of which but a 
 few fragments remain. He wrote chiefly on he- 
 roic subjects ; whence the epithet graves, majestic. 
 
 9. Anacreon. Anacreon, ontis, m. the most graceful 
 
 and delicate of the Greek lyric poets, was born at 
 Teos, in Ionia. His only delight seems to have 
 been to sport and love, and sing in praise of love 
 and wine. He fell a victim to the cause he adored, 
 
234 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 being choked by a grape-stone, in the eighty-fifth 
 year of his age, about B. C. 440. 
 1 0. delevit. Deleo, ere, evi, etum, act. To destroy, 
 to wear out. 
 
 12. JEolice puellce. Sappho. 
 
 13. comptos. Comptus, a, urn, adj. Combed, adorned, 
 
 trimmed. 
 adulteri. Paris. 
 
 14. illitum. Illitus, part, (from Minor.) Besmeared, 
 
 spread over. 
 
 17. Cydonio. Cydonius, a, um, adj. Cretan. — Cydon 
 
 was a city of Crete. 
 
 18. semel, adv. Once. — Troy had been besieged by 
 
 Hercules, and also by the Amazons, before the 
 celebrated Trojan war. 
 
 22. Deiphobus. Deiphobus, i, m. A son of Priam, 
 
 and the bravest of all his children, except Hec- 
 tor. 
 
 23. pudicis. Piidicus, a, um, adj. Modest. 
 
 25. Agamemnona. Agamemnon, onis, m. The bro- 
 
 ther of Menelaus, and the commander-in-chief of 
 the Grecian forces. 
 
 26. Sed omnes, &c. There is a beautiful parallel pas- 
 
 sage in the Curfew : 
 
 " They are the only records of the time, 
 And many a sad and merry chronicle, — 
 Worthy the note of all posterity — 
 But for the kindling spirit of their strings, 
 Would sleep for ever in oblivion." 
 
 29. Sepultce. Sepultus, part, (from sepelior.) Buried, 
 forgotten. 
 Inertice. Inertia, ae, f. Sluggishness, cowardice. 
 
BOOK IV. ODE X. 235 
 
 VERSE 
 
 30. Celata. Celatus, part, (from celor.) Concealed, 
 
 unrecorded. 
 
 31. silebo. Sileo, ere, ui, neut. and act. To be silent, 
 
 to pass over in silence. 
 
 53. Lolli. M. Lollius Palicanus, who was made Pro- 
 praetor of Galatia by Augustus. The compli- 
 ment here given by his friend, Horace, is not a 
 little at variance with the character which is given 
 of him by Velleius Paterculus, who writes thus : 
 Subdoli et versuti animi, et pecuniae quam recte 
 faciendi cupidior fuit. 
 lividas. Llvidus, a, um, adj. Livid; envious. 
 
 57. Vindex, subaud. Tu es. Vindex, icis, c. g. An 
 avenger. 
 
 59. Consul non unius anni; i.e. Your public services 
 were not confined to the year in which you were 
 consul. 
 
 42. Alto. Altus, a, um, adj. Lofty, dignified. 
 Nocentium. Nocens, part, and adj. Hurtful (either 
 
 by bribery or flattery.) 
 
 43. catervas. Supply nocentium, from ver. 42. Caterva, 
 
 ae, f. A troop, a company. 
 
 44. Explicuit. Explico, are, ui, act. To display. 
 49. Callet. Calleo, ere, ui, n. To understand, to know 
 
 by experience. 
 
 ODE X. 
 
 2. VENIET, for crescet. 
 
 pluma. Pluma, ae, f. The plumage of birds : hence, 
 the down on the cheeks of young men. 
 
236 CLAVIS H0RAT1ANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 3. decider int. Decido, ere, idi, neut. To fall off, or 
 
 down. 
 
 4. punicece. Puniceus, a, um, adj. Red, purple. 
 
 5. hispidam. Hispidus, a, um, adj. Rough, hairy. 
 
 6. speculo. Speculum, i, n. A mirror, a looking-glass. 
 alterum. Of a different appearance. 
 
 8. Incolumes. Incoliimis, e, adj. Safe, (i. e. unaltered.) 
 gence. Gena, se, f. The cheek. 
 
 ODE XI. 
 
 1. NONUM superantis annum. More than nine years 
 
 old. — Siiperans, tis, part, (from supero.) Ex- 
 ceeding. 
 
 2. Albani, subaud. vini. 
 
 3. Phylli, (voc. case.) Some have thought that this 
 
 Ode is addressed to the mistress of Xanthias Pho- 
 ceus, mentioned book 1 . Ode xiv. ver. 4 ; but it 
 is more probable, from the concluding lines, that 
 Horace inscribed it to a Phyllis of his own. 
 5. fulges, for fulgebis, by enallage. Fulgeo, ere, si, n. 
 
 To shine, to look beautiful. 
 G. Ridet. Rideo, ere, si, sum, n. To smile : hence, to 
 shine, to glitter. The Greek word, yeXdoj, is some- 
 times used in the same sense. 
 argento. Argentum, i, n. Silver, plate. 
 castis. Castus, a, um, adj. Chaste, pure, sacred. 
 7. Avet. Aveo, ere, n. To desire. 
 
 immolato. Immolatus, part, (from immolor.) Sa- 
 crificed. This word properly signifies, to throw 
 
BOOK IV. ODE XI. 237 
 
 VERSE 
 
 meal, mixed with salt, upon the head of the vic- 
 tim, which was done by the priest immediately 
 before the sacrifice. It is derived from mola, meal. 
 
 9. Festinat. Festlno, are, n. To hasten, to be busily 
 
 employed. 
 
 10. cursitant. Cursito, are, n. To run hastily, to hurry. 
 mistce. Mistus, a, um, part, (from misceor.) Min- 
 gled, mixed. 
 
 11. rotantes vertice fumum. Rolling the smoke to the 
 
 top of the house (where it escaped by an opening 
 in the middle of the room.) Roto, are, act. To 
 roll. 
 
 14. Idus. Idus, uum, f. pi. (from the Tuscan, iduare, 
 
 to divide.) The ides of a month. The ides of 
 April began on the thirteenth. 
 agendce. Agendus, part, (from agor.) To be spent, 
 to be celebrated. 
 
 15. Veneris. The festival of Venus was held in April. 
 
 16. Findit. Findo, ere, idi, issum, act. To divide. 
 
 17. solennis. Solennis, e, adj. Sacred, annually ob- 
 
 served. 
 
 19. affluentes. Affluens, part, (from affluo.) Increasing. 
 
 20. ordinat. Ordino, are, act. To count, to reckon. 
 22. Non luce sortis, i. e. above your rank. Sors, tis, f. 
 
 Lot, fortune. 
 
 24. compede. Compes, edis, f. A fetter, a chain. 
 
 25. Phaethon. Phaethon, tis, m. Son of Apollo, by 
 
 Clymene. To prove his celestial origin, which 
 had been contemptuously denied by Epaphus, 
 he requested his father to allow him to drive the 
 chariot of the sun for a day. Apollo reluctantly 
 consented ; but the strength of Phaethon being 
 
238 CLAV1S HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 unequal to the task, the horses left their usual 
 tract ; and Jupiter, to prevent the conflagration 
 of the world, struck the ambitious youth with a 
 thunderbolt, (hence ambustus), and he fell life- 
 less from the chariot. 
 
 27. Pegasus. See book 1. Ode xxvii. ver. 24. Pega- 
 sus eventually threw his rider, Bellerophon, who 
 was killed by the fall. 
 terrenum* Terrenus, a, um, adj. Earth-born, 
 
 earthly, mortal. 
 Gravatus. Gravatus, part. Indignant, disdaining 
 (to carry.) 
 
 31. Disparem. A lover above your station. See ver. 
 22. — Dispar, aris. adj. Unequal. 
 
 33. calebo. Caleo, ere, n. To grow warm, to love. 
 
 35. minuentur. Minuo, ere, ui, act. To lessen, to di- 
 minish. 
 
 ODE XII. 
 
 2. ANIMM Thra. a>. "Hie Thracian winds. — Anima, 
 
 se, f. The soul : ttlso, the air, wind. 
 
 3. rigent. Rigeo, ere, ui, n. To be frozen; to be stiff 
 
 with cold. 
 
 4. Turgidi. Turgidus, a, um, adj. Swollen. 
 
 5. Ityn. Itys, a son of Tereus, king of Thrace, by 
 
 Procne, daughter of Pandion, king of Athens. 
 Tereus having treated Philomela, the other daugh- 
 ter of Pandion, with great cruelty, first offering 
 violence to her person, and afterwards cutting out 
 her tongue to prevent a discovery, the sisters re- 
 
BOOK IV. ODE XII. 239 
 
 VERSE 
 
 venged their mutual injuries by killing Itys, then 
 only six years old, and serving him up to his fa- 
 ther at supper. Itys was changed into a pheasant, 
 Philomela into a nightingale, Procne into a swal- 
 low, and Tereus into an owl. 
 
 6. avis. (Procne.) The swallow. 
 
 Cecropice domus. The Athenian family ; viz. of 
 Pandion. See book 1. Ode vii. ver. 5. 
 
 7. male, adv. Cruelly ; (in killing Itys.) 
 
 8. Regum, for regis, (plur. for sing. J Tereus. 
 
 11. Deum. Pan. 
 
 Nigri. Niger, gra, um, adj. Dark, shady. 
 
 12. Arcadice. Arcadia, se, f. An inland county of 
 
 Peloponnesus, abounding in groves and forests 
 of oak. The inhabitants were chiefly shepherds, 
 and excelled in pastoral poetry. 
 
 14. Calibus. Cales, ium, f. pi. (called also Calenum.) 
 
 A town of Campania. 
 
 15. gestis. Gestio, ire, To desire. 
 
 juvenum. The Neroes. — Ju ms, is, m. A youth. 
 
 16. merebere. Mereor, eri, dep. To deserve, to earn. 
 
 o 
 
 17. Onyx. Onyx, ychis, m. A -ox for keeping per- 
 
 fumes : properly, the . .one of which the box was 
 made. Onyx (fern,) is a precious stone ; the 
 onyx. 
 
 18. Sulpiciis horreis. In the cellars of Sulpitius, (where 
 
 it was kept for sale.) 
 
 19. amara curarum, for amaras curas. Amarus, a, um, 
 
 adj. Bitter, vexatious. 
 
 20. Eluere. Eluo, ere, ui, act. To wash away, to remove. 
 23. Immunem, Immunis, e, adj. Free : (i. e. from 
 
 furnishing your share of the feast.) 
 
240 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 26. ignium. Ignis, is, m. Fire, (of the funeral pile.) 
 28. desipere in loco. To indulge in folly at a proper 
 season. — Desipio, ere, ui, n. To be foolish. 
 
 ODE XIII. 
 
 1. LYCE. The poet, in this Ode, retaliates upon 
 Lyce, who was now approaching to old age, for 
 having slighted him in her younger days. 
 
 4. Impudens. Impiidens, tis,adj. Impudent, shameless. 
 
 5. Tremulo. Tremulus, a, urn, adj. Tremulous, trem- 
 
 ling, (from age.) 
 pota. Potus, part, (from poto.) Having drunk 
 (your wine ; ) being intoxicated. 
 
 7. P sailer e. Psallo, ere, li, n. To play upon an in- 
 
 strument, and accompany it with the voice. 
 Chice, subaud. pnellce. Chius, a, um, adj. (A na- 
 tive) of Chios, an island in the iEgean. 
 
 8. excubat. Exciibo, are, n. To keep watch, to lay 
 
 wait. 
 
 9. Importunus. Importunus, a, um, adj. Wanton. 
 
 10. Luridi. Luridus, a, um, adj. Dingy, black, dis- 
 
 coloured. 
 
 13. Coos. Cous, a, um, adj. Of Cos, an island in the 
 
 iEgean Sea, where the richest purples were made. 
 It also imported to Rome a kind of white wine. 
 
 14. clari lapides. Sparkling stones, i. e. jewels. — 
 
 Lapis, idis, m. A stone. 
 
 15. Notts condita fastis. Registered in the public re- 
 
 cords. The/as^ (orum, m. pi.) were the annals 
 
BOOK IV, ODE XIV. 142 
 
 VERSE 
 
 of the remarkable occurrences of the year, dis- 
 tinguished by the name of the consuls. 
 
 20. surpuerat, for surripuerat. Surripio, ere, ui, eptum, 
 
 act. To snatch away, to steal away. 
 
 21. Felix. (Cut omnia ex optocontigere.J Felix, icis, 
 
 adj. Happy. 
 artium gratarum. Possessed of every pleasing 
 grace. Ars, artis, f. An art, a quality, a charm. 
 
 25. vetulce. Vetiilus, a, urn, adj. Old, aged. See 
 
 book 3. Ode xvii. ver. 13. 
 
 26. fervidi. Fervidus, a, um, adj. Hot, amorous, 
 
 passionate. 
 28. Dilapsam. Dilapsus, part, (from dilabor.) Fallen 
 away, reduced. 
 
 ODE XIV. 
 
 2. MUNERIBUS. Munus, eris, n. A gift, a reward. 
 It here signifies any acknowledgment which the 
 Romans could make to Augustus, of the services 
 which he had rendered to his country. The order 
 is — Quce cura Patrum, quceve cura Quiritium, 
 muneribus plenis honorum, ceternet tuas virtutes, 
 Auguste, in cevum, per titulos memoresque fastos. 
 
 S. in cBvum. To eternity. iEvum, i, n. An age. 
 
 4. titulos. Titulus, i, m. An inscription upon a pub- 
 
 lic monument, or statue. 
 
 5. mternet. ^Eterno, are, act. To eternize, to immor- 
 
 talize. 
 
 6. Illustrat. Illustro, are, act. To pass over, to visit. 
 
 M 
 
242 CLAVIS HORATIANA, 
 
 VERSE 
 
 7. Quern legis, Sec. The construction is— Quern Vinde- 
 
 lici didicere nuper, quid posses. 
 10. Genaunos. The Genauni, as also the Brenci, (ver. 
 11.) were people of Cisalpine Gaul. 
 
 13. 'plus vice simplici. More than once. 
 
 14. Major Neronum. The elder Nero, Tiberius^ who 
 
 was sent to support Drusus, in Gaul; where the 
 two brothers united their forces, and totally sub- 
 dued the barbarians. 
 
 17. Spectandus. Spectandus, part, (from spector.) To 
 
 be gazed upon ; worthy to be observed ; i. e. 
 giving a clear proof. 
 
 18. Devota. Devotus, part, (from devoveor.) Devoted. 
 
 Alluding to the Gallic soldiers, who bound them- 
 selves to die with their commanders, rather than 
 ask quarter from the enemy. 
 
 19. fatigaret. Fatigo, are, act. To weary, to subdue. 
 21. Pleiadum. Pleiades, urn, f. pi. A constellation, 
 
 whose rising was attended with boisterous wea- 
 ther. (See book 1. Ode ii. ver. 42.) 
 
 25. Tauriformis. Tauriformis, e, adj. Bull-formed. 
 (The gods of rivers were frequently represented 
 with the horns of a bull, from the different chan- 
 nels into which they branch out.) 
 
 2G. prcefluit, for prceterfluit. 
 
 28. diluviem. Diluvies, ei, f. Inundation, flood, deluge. 
 
 30. f errata. Ferratus, a, urn, adj. Armed with iron 
 weapons. 
 
 2 1 . metendo. Meto, ere, ssui, ssum, act. To mow, to 
 cut down. 
 
 3ft. sine clade. Without loss to his own army. Clades, 
 is, f. Slaughter, defeat, misfortune. 
 
BOOK IV. ODE XV. 243 
 
 VERSE 
 
 55. Alexandrea. Alexandria, or Alexandria, (Graece, 
 'AXtZaveoua.) A celebrated town of Egypt, to 
 which Antony followed Cleopatra after the battle 
 of Actium ; but they deserted it upon the ap- 
 proach of Augustus : hence, vacuum, ver. 36. 
 
 36. patefecit. Patefacio, ere, eci, factum, act. To open, 
 
 to discover, to lay open. 
 
 37. lustro teriio. It should seem that Drusus com- 
 
 pleted his conquests in Gaul and Germany in 
 about fifteen years, perhaps to a day, from the 
 date of the battle of Actium. 
 
 39. peractis imperils. To the completion of your com- 
 
 mand ; i. e. to your victories. — Imperium, ii, n. 
 Properly, the charge of a general. 
 
 40. arrogavit. Arrogo, are, act. To ascribe, to award. 
 44. domince. Domina, ee, f. A mistress (viz. of the 
 
 world.) 
 46. Ister. Ister, tri, m. The Danube. See Ode xv. 
 ver. 21. 
 
 48. obstrepit. Obstrepo, ere, ui, itum. To roar against. 
 
 49. parentis funer a. See ver. 18. — Paveo, ere, avi, act. 
 
 To fear, to dread. 
 
 50. audit. Is a term of respect or submission : audirc 
 
 aliquem, to hear, to obey. 
 />2. Compositis. Compositus, part, and adj. Laid aside. 
 
 ODE XV. 
 
 «. INCREPUIT lyra. Chided me, by striking me 
 with his lyre. Increpo, are, act, To strike, to 
 
 m 2 
 
244 CLAV1S HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSL 
 
 chide, to rebuke. — As in the last Ode Horace has 
 celebrated the military glories of Augustus, in 
 this he extols his mildness, virtue, peace, and 
 humanity. 
 
 6. signa. The Roman standards, which had been taken 
 by the Parthians. 
 
 0. Janum Quirini. The gates of the temple of Janus, 
 built by Romulus. The temple was fitted with 
 brazen gates on each side, which were always kept 
 open in the time of war, and shut in the time of 
 peace. The last custom was seldom observed : 
 but they were closed three times during the reign 
 of Augustus. Horace here alludes to the third 
 and last time, A.U.C. 744, when the conquest of 
 Parthia left the whole world in peace. During 
 this repose, Jesus Christ was born. 
 ordinem evaganti, for vaganti extra ordinem. Trans- 
 gressmg its proper bounds. Evagans, tis, part, 
 (from evago.) Straying, transgressing. 
 
 15. porrecta. Porrectus, part, (from porrigor.) Ex- 
 
 tended. 
 
 16. cubili. Cubile, is, n. A bed, a couch. 
 
 18. eximet. Eximo, ere, emi, emptum, act. To take 
 
 away, to remove, to destroy. 
 10. procudit. Procudo, ere, di, sum, act. To forge. 
 
 to hammer out. 
 
 20. Inimicat. Inimlco, are, act. To set at variance. 
 
 21. Danubium. Danubius, ii, m. The Danube, some- 
 
 times called the Ister, is the largest river in Italy. 
 It rises in the northern parts of Germany ; and, 
 after receiving the waters of more than sixty tri- 
 butary rivers, falls into the Euxine Sea. 
 8 
 
BOOK IV. ODE XV. 245 
 
 VERSE 
 
 22. Edicta Julia. The laws of Augustus, who was of 
 the family of Julius Caesar. Edictum, i, n. A 
 law, an edict, a command. 
 
 25. profestis lucibus. Days before the festivals; i.e. 
 days on which no festivals were celebrated. — 
 Lux, lucis, f. Light : hence, a day. 
 
 27. prole. Proles, is, f. Children, offspring. 
 
 28. rite, adv. According to established custom; reli- 
 
 giously. 
 adprecati. Adprecor, ari, dep. To pray, to sup- 
 plicate. 
 
 29. Virtute functos. Distinguished for their valour. — 
 
 Functus, part, (from fungor.) Having exer- 
 cised, or practised. 
 
 30. Lydis. Lydus, a, um, adj. Lydian. 
 
 31. Anchisen. Anchises, ae, m. The father of iEneas. 
 
 32. Progeniem Veneris, i. e. Augustus, and the Julian 
 
 family ; who were descended from lulus, the 
 son of JEneas, and consequently from Venus. — 
 Progenies, ei, f. Offspring, descent, posterity. - 
 
 m3 
 
CLAVIS HORATIANA 
 
 EPODES. 
 
 [Note.— It is well known that the choral songs in the Greek 
 tragedies are divided into ternaries of stanzas, ©f which the 
 two first are called Strophe and Antistrophe, and corre- 
 spond ; but the third, which is called Epode, is written in 
 a different metre. It is clear that the Epodes of Horace 
 can bear no possible analogy to these choruses ; and tfce 
 conjectures upon the title of this book are as various as 
 the commentators are numerous. Some derive the name 
 from the measure in which the Epodes are written ; others, 
 from their being composed after the other Odes ; but all 
 with equal uncertainty. It is most probable, that they 
 were collected into a book by some person after the death 
 of the poet ; and thus they acquired their title from being 
 published after the Odes. 
 
 Horatium in quibusdam nolim interpretari ; says Quintilian. 
 (Orat. Inst. I. 8.) As far as the Odes are concerned, it 
 should seem that there is little which the most fastidious 
 reader would hesitate to interpret. In this book, however, 
 it has been thought proper to omit any remarks on Epodes 
 VIII. and XII j and indeed they are so very inferior to 
 the rest of the poet's compositions, that it may fairly be 
 doubted, whether they were ever written by Horace.] 
 
EPODE I. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 1. IBIS, for iturus es. This Ode was written while 
 Maecenas was preparing to go on board the fleet 
 of Augustus, which was to sail against Antony. 
 
 Liburnis. See book 1. Ode xxxvii. ver. SO. 
 
 alta navium jiropugnacula. The lofty bulwarks of 
 the ships of Antony. — Propugnaculum, i, n. A 
 defence, a bulwark. The order is — Amice Mce~ 
 cenas, ibis Liburnis navibus inter alta propugna- 
 cula navium Antonii, paratus tuo periculo, subire 
 omne periculum C<z ' saris. 
 5. Quid nos. Supply faciemus. 
 
 8. super stite. Superstes, itis, adj. Surviving. — The 
 
 construction is — Quibus vita jucunda est, si modo 
 te superstite agatur. 
 
 9. mente. Mens, tis, f. The mind : here, courage, 
 
 fortitude, resolution. 
 
 10. Nonmolles, i.e. duros, fortes. Mollis, e, adj. Soft, 
 
 effeminate. 
 
 18. Qui major. Supply metus, from ver. 17. 
 
 19. assidens. (Nusquam indese movens.) Assidens, 
 
 tis, part, (from assideo.) Setting by, attending. 
 implumibus pullis. Her unfledged young. — Pullus, 
 i, m. A chicken ; the young of any thing. 
 21. ut, for quamvis. Although. 
 24. gratice. Gratia, se, f. Favour, influence, patronage. 
 M 4 
 
248 CLAV1S HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 25. Non utjuvencis, &c. Hypallage, for Non ut plures 
 juvenci illigati aratris nitantur. Nitor, i, dep. 
 To strive, to toil, to labour. 
 
 27. Calabris Lucana. Hypallage, for Calabra Luca- 
 nis : for Lucania was the more sultry of the two, 
 sidus, subaud. caniculce. 
 
 29. Candens. Candens, tis, part, and adj. White, 
 (i. e. built of white marble.) 
 Tusculi Circcea mcenia. The walls of Tusculum, 
 built by Telegonus, the son of Circe. See book 
 3. Ode xxix. ver. 8. Horace's villa was more 
 than twenty-five miles from Tusculum. 
 
 S3. Chremes. Chremes, is, m. A rich old miser, in 
 Terence. 
 
 34. Discinctus nepos. An idle spendthrift. — When the 
 Romans ceased from their work, they untied 
 their garments, which, when actively employed, 
 they fastened with a girdle. Hence, accinctus 
 and discinctus, signify an industrious and an 
 idle person respectively. Nepos, otis, m. Pro- 
 perly, a grandson ; hence, a spendthrift, a pro- 
 digal ; because children, who were brought up 
 by their grandfathers, are usually treated with 
 indulgence and fondness, and therefore more fre- 
 quently become rakes. 
 
 EPODE II. 
 
 3. BUBUS. Bos, bo vis, m. An ox, a bull. (Abl. 
 pi. Bubus, or bobus,) 
 
EPODE II. 249 
 
 VERSE 
 
 4. Omni fcemore. From all kinds of usury, (whether 
 
 as borrower or lender.) Fcenus, 6ns, n. Usury. 
 
 5. excitatur, i.e. e somno. Excito, are, act. To arouse, 
 
 to disturb. 
 Classico. Classicum, i, n. A trumpet, a bugle. 
 7. Forum. Forum, i, n. The forum, in which all law 
 proceedings were transacted. 
 
 9. propagine. Propago, inis, f. A young shoot. 
 
 10. maritat, Marito, are, act. To marry; i. e. to 
 
 train the vine by twining its tendrils round the 
 branches of another tree. 
 
 11. amputans. Amputans, tis, part, (from amputo.) 
 
 Cutting off, pruning. 
 
 12. Inserit. Insero, ere, sevi, situm, act. To graft. 
 
 13. Reductd. Reductus, part, and adj. Retired, se- 
 
 cluded. 
 mugientium, subaud. bourn. Mugiens, tis, part, 
 (from mugio. ) Lowing. 
 lti. Tondet. Tondeo, ere, totondi, tonsum, act. To 
 
 clip, to shear. 
 19, insitiva. Insitlvus, a, um, adj. Grafted. 
 pyra. Pyrum, i, n. A pear. 
 
 21. Priape. Priapus, i, m. A rural deity, the son of 
 
 Bacchus and Venus, who presided over orchards 
 and vineyards. He was extremely deformed ; 
 and was frequently represented by a shapeless 
 log of wood, which was set up in the garden, 
 with a view of keeping off the birds. Horace 
 says, (book 1. Sat. viii.) that he owed his whole 
 divinity to the carpenter. 
 
 22. Sylvane. Sylvanus, i, n. A rural deity, of very 
 
 uncertain origin, supposed by some to be the 
 m5 
 
250 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 same with Faunus, or Pan ; while others consider 
 him as a distinct divinity. Virgil calls him the 
 God of woods and corn-fields : and he was also 
 * the keeper of gardens and boundaries. 
 24s..Tenaci. Tenax, acis, adj. Tenacious; matted. 
 
 29. Tonantis. Tonans, tis, part, (from tono.) Thun- 
 
 dering. 
 
 30. Comparat, i. e. colligit. Comparo, are, act. To 
 
 produce, to collect. 
 
 31. Trudit. Trudo, ere, si, sum, act. To push, to drive. 
 multa cane. With many dogs. — Canis, is, c. g» 
 
 A dog. 
 
 32. obstantes, i. e. fugce aprorum oppositas. Obstans, 
 
 tis, part, (from obsto.) Opposing, preventing. 
 38. Amite. Ames, itis, f. A pole, round which the 
 nets were fastened. 
 
 34. Turdis. Turdus, i, m. A thrush, a throstle. 
 
 35. Advenam gruem. The crane is a bird of passage, 
 
 migrating to warmer climates in the winter. — 
 Advena, ae, c. g. A stranger. — Grus, uis, c. g. 
 A crane. 
 laqueo. Laqueus, i, m. A snare, a trap. 
 .37. malarum, quas curas. A Graecism, for Malarum 
 cur arum quas. — Ciira, as, f. Care, anxiety. 
 
 41. perustasolibus. Sun-burnt. — Perustus, part. Burnt, 
 
 scorched. 
 
 42. Pemicis. Pernix, icis, adj. Persevering, indus- 
 
 trious. 
 
 44. Lassi. Lassus, a, um, adj. Tired, weary. 
 
 45. Textis. Textus, part, (from texor.) Wove, plaited. 
 cratibus. Crates, is, f. A hurdle : hence, fplur.) 
 
 a fold, made of hurdles. 
 
EPODE II. 251 
 
 VERSE 
 
 46. Distenta. Distentus,part.(fromd/stewfor.) Stretch- 
 
 ed, distended. 
 siccet. Sicco, are, act. To dry, to drain : hence, 
 to milk. 
 
 47. horna. Homus, a, urn, adj. Of this year. 
 
 48. inemtas. Inemtus, a, um, adj. Unbought ; i.e. 
 
 produced by their own farm. 
 
 49. Lucrina conchylia. See book 2, Ode xv. ver. 3, 
 
 Conchylium, ii, n. An oyster, a shell-fish. 
 
 50. Rhombus aut scari. The rhombus and scarus were 
 
 fishes of great delicacy, with which we are un- 
 acquainted ; unless, perhaps, the former was the 
 turbot. 
 
 51. Eois. Eous, a, um, adj. Eastern, oriental : (from 
 
 "Hu>g, the morning.) 
 
 53. Afra avis. The Turkey. 
 
 54. attagen. Attagen, enis, m. A species of wood- 
 
 cock, or partridge. 
 
 oo. Lecta. Lectus, part, (from legor.) Gathered. 
 
 61. Lapathi. Lapathum, i, n. Rhubarb. 
 
 59. Terminalibus. Terminalia, ium, n. pi. The festi- 
 val of Terminus, the guardian of land-marks, 
 celebrated on the 22d of February. 
 
 61. pastas. Pastus, part, (from pascor.) Fed, satisfied. 
 
 63. vomerem. Vomer, eris, m. A plough-share, a plough. 
 
 65. vernas. Verna, se, c. g. A slave, a servant. 
 
 examen. Examen, inis, n. A company : properly, 
 a swarm of bees. 
 
 67. Alfius. Alfius, ii, m. A celebrated usurer, whom 
 the poet severely satirizes in these concluding 
 lines. 
 
 m6 
 
252 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 (39. redegit. Redigo, ere, egi, actum, act. To bring 
 back ; to call in. 
 
 70. Calendis. The calends being the first days of the 
 month, the time from the ides, i. e. the 15th of 
 the preceding month, which Alfius endured a 
 country life, before he returned to his former 
 occupation, was just a fortnight. 
 ponere. Pono, ere, sui, situm, act. To place ; to 
 put money out to interest. 
 
 EPODE III. 
 
 1. OLIM, adv. Hereafter; in a future signification. 
 
 2. guttur j regent, i. e. jugulaverit. Guttur, uris, n. 
 
 The throat. 
 
 3. Edit. The old way of conjugating, for edat. (Let 
 
 him eat, as a punishment.) Edo, ere, edi, esum, 
 act. To eat. 
 
 cicutis. Cicuta, ae, f. Hemlock. 
 
 A Hum. Alium, ii, n. Garlick. — (It seems that Ho- 
 race had imprudently eaten garlick, which had 
 disagreed with him.) 
 
 4. Messorum. Messor, oris, m. A mower, a reaper. 
 ilia. He, is, n. The stomach, the bowels. 
 
 7. incoctus. Incoctus, part, and adj. Boiled up with, 
 
 infused into, mixed with. 
 
 8. Canidia. A fictitious name for a mischievous sor- 
 
 ceress. 
 
 9. Argonautas. The Argonauts, who accompanied 
 
 Jason, in search of the golden fleece ; so called 
 
EPODE III. 253 
 
 VERSE 
 
 from the name of the ship, Argo, in which they 
 sailed. 
 Candidum, i. e. formosum. Candidus, a, um, adj. 
 Handsome. 
 
 10. Medea. See book 2. Ode xiii. ver. 8. 
 
 1 1 . Tauris. Taurus, i, n. A bull. — The golden fleece 
 
 was guarded by bulls, with brazen hoofs, which 
 breathed fire. Jason was enabled, by the assist- 
 ance of Medea's incantation, to tame these ani- 
 mals, to yoke them, and to plough up a piece of 
 ground ; which was the condition of accomplish- 
 ing the object of his voyage. 
 
 13. Hoc, subaud. Alio. 
 
 Delibutis. Delibutus, a, um, adj. Anointed, stained. 
 donis. The poisoned garments, with which she 
 
 destroyed Glauce. — Donum, i, n. A gift, a 
 
 present. 
 pellicem, i. e. Glauce. — Pellex, icis, f. A mistress. 
 
 14. Serpente alite. After Medea had completed her 
 
 revenge upon Jason, she fled from Athens in a 
 chariot drawn by flying dragons. — Serpens, tis, 
 m. A serpent, a dragon. 
 
 16. Siticulosce. Siticiilosus, a, um, adj. Thirsty, op- 
 
 pressed with drought. 
 
 17. munus. Munus, eris, n. A gift. — Hercules hav- 
 
 ing mortally wounded the centaur, Nessus, who 
 had abused his confidence, and offered violence 
 to his wife, Deianira, the dying monster gave her 
 a garment, dipped in his blood, pretending that 
 it would recal the affections of her husband, if 
 ever they should be estranged from her. In a fit 
 of jealousy she afterwards sent him the poisoned 
 
254 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VLKSE 
 
 robe, which caused such exquisite pain, that he 
 erected a funeral pile on Mount ^Etna, stretched 
 himself on it, and expired. 
 efficacis. EfTicax, acis, adj. Effective, mighty, in- 
 defatigable. 
 
 21. savio. Savium, or suavium, ii, n. A kiss, a lip. 
 
 22. spondd. Sponda, ae, f. The stock of a bedstead. 
 
 EPODE IV. 
 
 IN MEN AM. It is generally supposed that this Ode 
 is addressed to Volteius Mena, a wretch of un- 
 exampled depravity. He had changed sides re- 
 peatedly in the civil wars between Pompey and 
 Caesar, and received several flagellations for his 
 robberies and piracies. 
 
 I . Sortito, i. a. Sorte natures. By nature. The con- 
 
 struction is — Tanta discordia mihi tecum est, 
 
 quanta, 8$c. 
 3. Ibericis. Ibericus, a, um, adj. Spanish. — The ropes, 
 
 made from a Spanish herb, called Spar turn, were 
 
 very strong, and generally used. 
 peruste. Perustus, part, (from peruror.) Burnt : 
 
 hence, galled, scourged. 
 5. ambules. Ambiilo, are, n. To walk, to strut. 
 
 7. metiente viam. Measuring the way ; stalking proudly 
 
 along. — Metiens, tis, part, (from metior, dep.) 
 Measuring. 
 
 8. Ulnarum. Ulna, ae, f. An ell. 
 
 II. Triumviralibus. There were three officers at Rome, 
 
 7 
 
EPODE V. 255 
 
 VERSE 
 
 called Triumviri, or Tresviri Capitales, who 
 took cognizance of, and punished, petty male- 
 factors. — Triumviralis, e, adj. Of a triumvir. 
 
 12. PrcBConis ad fastidium. Till the crier was weary. 
 It was the office of a beadle to proclaim the 
 cause of the punishment. — Prseco, onis, m. A 
 beadle, a public crier. 
 
 14. Appiam, subaud. Viam. The Via Appia was a 
 public way, formed by Appius Claudius, which 
 led from Rome, through Capua, to Brundus'mm. 
 mannis. Mannus, i, m. A nag, a horse. 
 
 16. Othone contemto. In spite of Otho, who enacted a 
 
 law, by which the knights were separated from 
 the rest of the people at the public spectacles, 
 having twenty-four front seats assigned to them. 
 Contemtus, part, (from contemnor.) Despised. 
 
 17. or a rostrata. Beaks of ships pointed with iron (to 
 
 preserve them against the rocks.) Rostratus, 
 part, and adj. Beaked. p, 
 
 20. Hoc. Latrone scilicet et servo. 
 
 EPODE V. 
 
 AT. (Timoris interjectio est.) The particle at is 
 generally used to introduce an expression of in- 
 tense passion: so Virgil, /En. II. 535. Ovid. Met. 
 VIII. 279. This address to the sorceress Canidia, 
 is made in the character of a youth of distinction, 
 whom she and her companions had buried in the 
 ground up to his chin, with the intention of starv- 
 
256 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 ing him to death, and making a love potion from 
 his liver and marrow. Some suppose, that Ho- 
 race intends to represent, under the fictitious name 
 of Canidia, a woman of Naples, called Gratidm, 
 who had almost deprived him of his senses by a 
 love-draught. 
 quicquid deorum, i. e. Omnes dii, deceque. 
 
 3. fert, i. e. vult. Fero, rre, act. To bear ; to mean, 
 omnium, subaud. veneficarum. Of all the hags by 
 whom he was surrounded. 
 
 5. partubus. Partus, us, m. Parturition, child-birth. 
 
 ti. Lucina. Lucina, se, f. The goddess who presided 
 over child-birth. See book 3. Ode xxii. ver. 3. 
 
 7. purpura. Purpura, £e, f. Purple.— The toga prcz- 
 texta, which was worn by young men of family till 
 the age of seventeen, was ornamented with a broad 
 purple border. 
 
 S. improbaturum, i. e. vindicaturum. Improbaturus, 
 part. (fk>m improbo. ) About to disapprove, to 
 discountenance ; i. e. who will punish the deed. 
 
 9. Noverca. Noverca, ee, f. A step-mother. 
 Intueris. Intueor, eri, tuitus sum, dep. To look 
 
 upon ; to stare upon. 
 
 10. Petlta. Petitus, part, (from petor.) Sought ; 
 
 hunted; darted at. 
 
 12. Insignibus raptis. His ornaments being torn off. 
 
 (These ornaments were the toga prcetexta, and 
 the bulla, or heart of gold, which hung round the 
 necks of the young nobility.) — Raptus, part, 
 (from rap'wr.) Snatched, torn off. 
 
 13. Impube. Impubis, e, adj. Young, tender, delicate. 
 impia. Impius, a, urn, adj. Wicked ; cruel, savage. 
 
EPODE v. 257 
 
 VERSE 
 
 1 7. caprificos. Caprificus, i, f. A wild fig-tree. — This 
 tree was considered ill-omened, because it bore 
 no fruit. 
 erutas. Erutus, part, (from eruor.) Torn up by 
 the roots. 
 
 19. Et uncta, &c. The order is — Et ova nocturna? 
 
 strigis, uncta sanguine turpis ranee, plumamque 
 nocturnes strigis. — Rana, ae, f. A frog. 
 
 20. Strigis. Strix, strigis, f. A screech-owl. 
 
 21. Iolcos. Iolcos, i, f. A town of Thessaly, by some 
 
 supposed to have been the birth-place of Jason. 
 It is here mentioned, as being the place where he 
 landed with the enchantress, Medea, after his 
 return from the Argonautic expedition. 
 
 22. venenorumferax, i. e. herbarum venenatarum abun- 
 
 dant. — Ferax, acis, adj. Fertile, fruitful 
 
 24. Colchicis. See book 2. Ode xiii. ver. 8. 
 
 25. expedita. Expeditus, part, and adj. Quick, nim- 
 
 ble, expeditious. * 
 
 Sagana. Sagana, ae, f. A sorceress attendant 
 upon Canidia. So also were Veia, (ver. 29.) 
 and Folia, (ver. 42.) 
 
 26. Avemales. Avernalis, e, adj. Of Avernus, a deep 
 
 lake of Campania. Its waters were excessively 
 putrid and unwholesome ; whence they were 
 considered sacred to the infernal deities ; and the 
 lake itself was supposed to communicate with 
 the regions of Pluto. 
 
 29. abacta. Abactus, part, (from abigor.) Driven 
 
 away, deterred. 
 
 30. Ligonibus. Ligo, onis, m. A spade. 
 
258 CLAV1S HORATIANA. 
 
 VF.KSE 
 
 31. Exhauriebat. Exhaurio, ire, si, stum, act. To 
 
 exhaust, to draw out ; to throw up. 
 
 32. Infossus, i. e. in terrain defossus. Infossus, part. 
 
 (from infod'wr.) Dug into. 
 
 33. Longo die. By length of time. 
 
 34. Inemori. Inemorior, i, dep. To die in (the pit.) 
 spectaculo. Spectaciilum, i, n. The sight, the show 
 
 (of the meat, which was frequently changed, for 
 the purpose of provoking his appetite.) 
 
 35. Cum promineret, &c. The construction is — Cum 
 
 puer, in terram defossus, promineret ore tantum 
 e terra, quantum corpora natantium, quasi sus- 
 pensa mento, extant aqua. — Promineo, ere, ui, n. 
 To jut out, to project, to appear above. 
 
 37. Medulla. Medulla, ae, f. The marrow. 
 
 38. Amoris poculum, A love potion ; a charmed 
 
 draught, which had the power of producing love. 
 Poculum, i, n. A cup. 
 
 39. Interminato. Interminatus, part, (from interminor.) 
 
 Forbidden. The order is — Cum pupulce jixce 
 interminato cibo semel intabuissent. 
 10. Intabuissent. Intabesco, ere, tabui, n. To waste 
 away. 
 pupulce. Piipula, ae, f. The eye-ball. 
 
 41. non defuisse, i. e. huic sceleri interfuisse. Desum, 
 
 fui, esse. To be wanting. 
 masculce. (Robustae, indomitae.) Masculus, a, 
 um, adj. Masculine; unrestrained. 
 
 42. Ariminensem. Ariminensis, e, adj. (A native of) 
 
 Ariminum, a town of Umbria, on the borders of 
 Gaul and Italy. 
 
 43. otiosa Nedpolis. " Naples," (says Mr. Gibbon), 
 
EPODE V. 259 
 
 VERSE 
 
 " which has swelled to a great and populous ca- 
 pital, long cherished the language and manners 
 of a Grecian colony ; and the choice of Virgil 
 had ennobled this elegant retreat, which attracted 
 the lovers of repose and study, from the noise, 
 the smoke, and the laborious opulence of Rome. 1 ' 
 And he adds, in a note, that " the otium of Na- 
 ples is praised by the Roman poets, by Virgil, 
 Horace, Silius" Italicus, and Statius." — Decline 
 and Fall, vol. vii. chap. 41. — Otiosus, a, um, adj. 
 Quiet, peaceable. 
 
 45. Excantata. Excantatus, part, (from excantor.) 
 Charmed, enchanted. 
 Thessala. See book 1 . Ode xxvii. ver. 22. 
 
 4-6. deripit. Deripio, ere, ui, eptum, act. To draw 
 down. — It was believed that the incantations of 
 witches had power over the Gods, and to draw 
 down the heavenly bodies from their spheres. 
 
 47. Hie, adv. Here, upon this. 
 
 irresectum. Irresectus, part, and adj. Uncut, 
 unpared. 
 
 48. rodens. Rodens, part, (from rodo.) Gnawing, 
 
 biting (with rage.) 
 pollicem. Pollex, icis, m. The thumb. 
 •50. Arbitrce. Arbitra, ae, f. A witness. 
 54. Numen. Numen, inis, n. Power. 
 
 58. Latrent. Latro, are, n. and act. To bark, to worry. 
 suburance. Suburanus, a, um, adj . Of the Subura, 
 
 a dirty street in Rome, frequented by the lower 
 classes. 
 
 59. quale, for quali. 
 
 62. Medece, subaud. venenis. 
 
260 CLAVIS HORAT1ANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 63. pellicem. Glauce. 
 
 65. palla. Palla, ae, f. A gown, a robe. 
 tabo. Tabum, i, n. Gore, poison. 
 
 66. Nuptam. Nupta, ae, f. A bride. — Nupta is pro- 
 
 perly a participle, (from nubo) ; mulier being 
 understood. 
 
 68. Radix. Radix, icis, f. A root. 
 
 fefellit me. Has escaped my notice. Fallo is often 
 used in the sense of lateo. 
 
 69. Indormit, &c. The construction is — Indormit in 
 
 cubilibus omnium aliarum pellicum, unctis obli- 
 vione mei. — He sleeps in the beds of all his other 
 mistresses, which are perfumed with essences, 
 which cause forgetfulness of me. — Indormio, Ire, 
 ivi, itum, n. To sleep in. 
 71. Solutus, subaud. Varus. 
 
 73. Fare. Varus, i, m. The youth who had deserted 
 
 Canidia, and whose love she means to regain by 
 means of the potion, formed of the boy's marrow 
 and liver. 
 
 74. Jleturum. Fleturus, part. fut. (from fleo.) About 
 
 to lament. 
 caput, for homo. 
 
 75. recurres. Recurro, ere, ri, rsum, n. To run back, 
 
 to return. 
 
 76. Mar sis vocibus. By Marsian spells.— The Mar- 
 
 sians, who derived their origin from Marsus, son 
 of Circe, were very skilful in sorcery. — Vox, 
 ocis, f. A word, a spell. 
 7S. Fastidienti. Fastidiens, tis, part, and adj. Loath- 
 ing, disdainful. 
 
EPODE V. 261 
 
 VERSE 
 
 80. porrecta. Porrectus, part, (from porrigor.) Stretch- 
 ed out, extended. 
 81 • flagres. Flagro, are, n. To burn, to be inflamed. 
 
 82. Bitumen. Bitumen, inis, n. Pitch. 
 
 83. Sub liGec, After these words. 
 
 84. Lenire, subaud. conatus est. Lenio, ire, ivi, lturn, 
 
 act. To soothe, to appease. 
 hnpias, subaud. venefcas. 
 
 85. unde rumperet. See book 3. Ode v. ver. 37. 
 
 80. Thyesteas. Such as Thyestes uttered against 
 Atreus. — Thyesteus, a, um, adj. Of Thyestes. 
 See book 1. Ode xvi. ver. 37. 
 
 87. Venena, &c. The order is — Venena valent con- 
 verter magnum fas nefasque ; non valent con- 
 vertere humanam vicem. The charms of witch- 
 craft are able to confound the great distinctions 
 between right and wrong, but they cannot change 
 the lot of man ; i. e. they cannot avert the pu- 
 nishment which the witches were doomed to 
 suffer for the perpetration of this horrible deed. 
 
 89. Diris, subaud. precibus. Curses. — Dirus, a, um, 
 adj. Dreadful, horrible. 
 detestatio. Detestatio, onis, f. An imprecation, a 
 curse. — Detestari est Deum in partes vocare. 
 
 91. Exspiravero. Exspiro, are, n. To die, to expire. 
 
 93. Umbra. Umbra, se, f. A shadow, a ghost. 
 
 95. prcjecordiis. Praecordia, orum, n. pi. The heart, 
 
 the breast. 
 
 96. Pavore. Pavor, oris, m. Fear, terror. 
 
 97. Turba. Turba, se, f. A mob. 
 vicatim, adv. From street to street. 
 
262 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 petens. Petens, tis, part, (from peto.) Seeking, 
 attacking, pelting. 
 
 98. Contundet. Contundo, ere, udi, usum, act. To 
 
 beat, to batter, to knock down. 
 obscenas anus. Filthy hags. — Obscenus, a, urn, 
 adj. Obscene, filthy. 
 
 99. tnsepulla. Insepultus, part, and adj. Unburied. 
 different. DifTero, rre, distiili, dllatum, act. To 
 
 scatter, to tear in pieces. 
 
 100. Esquil'mcB alites. The birds of prey, which infest 
 
 the Esquiline Hill. — Malefactors were execut- 
 ed, and the lower orders of the people buried, 
 in this quarter of the city ; for which reason, 
 also, it was a place of resort for witches. — 
 Esqmllnus, a, um, adj. Of the Esquiline Hill. 
 102. Effugerit. EfYugio, ere, ugi, gitum, act. Toes- 
 cape, to escape notice. 
 
 EPODE VI. 
 
 IN CASSIUM SEVERUM. This Cassius was an 
 orator of considerable abilities, who prostituted 
 his talents to the vilest purposes. Tacitus in- 
 forms us, that he libelled and lampooned several 
 respectable citizens, and females of distinction ; 
 carrying his libellous accusations to such a length, 
 that Augustus banished him to the Island of Seri- 
 phos. Horace compares him to a cur, who barks 
 at an innocent traveller, but dares not attack the 
 wolf. 
 
EPODE VI. 263 
 
 VERSE 
 
 1. Hospites. Hospes, itis, c. g. A stranger. 
 
 vexas. (Fatigas.) Vexo, are, act. To vex, to worry. 
 
 2. Ignavus. Ignavus, a, um, adj. Cowardly. 
 
 4. remorsurum. Remorsurus, part. fut. (from remordeo.) 
 
 About to bite again. 
 
 5. Molossus, subaud. cams. A mastiff. — The Molossi 
 
 were a people of Epirus. Their country was re- 
 markable for a breed of dogs, of great courage 
 and fierceness. — Molossus, a, um, adj. Molossian. 
 fulvus. Fulvus, a, um, adj. Tawny. 
 Lacon, subaud. cants. A hound. — The Spartan 
 hounds were remarkably swift. Lacon, onis, adj. 
 Of Laconia, or Sparta. (Lacon was the name of 
 one of the dogs of Actseon. Ovid. Metam. III. 
 219.) 
 tf. Arnica vis. A friendly guard. Amicus, a, um, adj. 
 
 Friendly. 
 7. aure sublata. With ears erect. Sublatus, part. 
 
 (from sufferor.) Raised, erect. 
 10. projection. Projectus, part, (from p >r0 fi ci0r ') 
 Thrown, cast forward. The poet would insinu- 
 ate, that Cassius was easily bribed into silence. 
 13. Lycambce. Lycambes, (as, and is, m.) having pro- 
 mised his daughter, Neobule, to Archilochus, 
 broke his faith, and bestowed her on a richer 
 suitor. The poet so severely lampooned them 
 in a copy of verses, that they hanged themselves. 
 spretus. Spretus, part, (from spernor.) Despised. 
 injido. Infidus, a, um, adj. Faithless, dishonour- 
 able. 
 gener, i. e. Archilochus. Gener, i, m. A son- 
 in-law. 
 
264 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 14. Hostis, i. e. Hipponax. Hostis, is, c. g. An 
 
 enemy. 
 Bupalo. Bupalus had carved a ludicrous bust of 
 the poet, Hipponax ; and the poet returned the 
 compliment by lampooning the sculptor. Some 
 say that the latter hung himself, but Pliny de- 
 nies the fact. 
 
 15. Atro. (Maledico.) Ater, tra, um, adj. Black: 
 
 hence, malicious. 
 
 16. Inultus, i. e. qui non potuit injuriam ulcisci. Inul- 
 
 tus, a, um, adj. Unrevenged. 
 
 EPODE VII. 
 
 2. APTANTUR. Apto, are, act. To fit, to adapt. 
 
 to join. 
 conditi. Conditus, part, (from condor.) Hidden ; 
 f e. sheathed. Their swords, which had been 
 bueathed since the death of Pompey, were now 
 drawn in the civil war between Antony and Octa- 
 vius. 
 
 3. Neptuno. Neptunus, i, m. The god of the sea : 
 
 here put for the sea itself. Camjris et Nep. super. 
 By land and sea. 
 
 7. Intactus. Intactus, adj. and part. Untouched, un- 
 
 subdued. 
 
 8. Sacra via. See book 4. Ode ii. ver. 35. 
 
 1 1 . Neque hie, &c. The order is — Neque hie mos fuit 
 
 lupis, nee leonibus, nunquamferis, nisi in dispar. 
 
 12. in dispar, subaud. genus. Against animals of a 
 
EPODE IX. 263 
 
 VERSE 
 
 different species. Dispar, aris, adj. Different, 
 unlike. 
 16. perculsce. Perculsus, part, (from percellor.) Smit- 
 ten, amazed, terrified. 
 stupent. Stiipeo, ere, ui, n. To be stupefied. 
 
 18. fraterncB necis. Of a brother's murder. Remus 
 
 was slain by his brother, Romulus, in a dispute 
 which arose between them, soon after they had 
 laid the foundation of Rome. — Nex, necis, f. 
 Death. 
 
 19. Ut (postquam.) Since. 
 
 20. sacer nepotibus. Fatal to his descendants. Sacei , 
 
 era, urn, adj. Sacred, consecrated, (qui sacros 
 sive devotos facit.) 
 
 EPODE VIII. 
 
 SEE introductory note. 
 
 EPODE IX. 
 
 1. QUANDO, &c. This Ode was written when die 
 news arrived in Rome of the happy event of the 
 battle of Actium. The poet expresses his anxiety 
 for the return of Maecenas, that they may celebrate 
 the triumph of Augustus together, in the palace 
 of his friend. The order is — Quando, beale Mae- 
 cenas, Icetus Cae$are victore, bibam tecum Caecu- 
 
 N 
 
266 CLAV1S HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 bum vinum repostum ad festas dapes t sub alta 
 domo, tyc. 
 repostum, for repositum. Repositus, part, (from re* 
 ponor.) Laid up, preserved. 
 
 6. Hac lyra; illis tibiis ; Dorium, Barbarum (Phry- 
 
 gium) carmen. Ver. 5. 
 
 7. Ut nuper, subaud. bibimus. 
 
 actus. Actus, part, (from agor.) Driven. 
 
 Neptunius dux, i. e. Pompey, proud of his noble 
 fleet, and confident of success from the number of 
 his ships, who boasted that he was the son of 
 Neptune, and wore a robe of a sea-green colour, 
 in token of his assumed divinity. Neptunius, a, 
 um, adj. Of Neptune. 
 
 9. detraxerat. Detraho, ere, axi, ctum, act. To draw 
 
 off, to remove. 
 
 10. servis amicus. He had enlisted, and attached to 
 
 himself, the slaves of Italy. — Servus, i, m. A slave. 
 
 1 1 . Romanus miles. The Roman soldiers in the army 
 
 of Antony. 
 
 12. Emancipatus. Emancipatus, part, (from emanci- 
 
 por.) Enslaved. 
 
 13. vallum. Vallus, i, m. A stake, a palisade. 
 spadonibus. Spado, onis, m. An eunuch. 
 
 14. rugosis. Rugosus, a, um, adj. Wrinkled. 
 
 16. Conopium. Conopium, ii, n. A canopy. 
 
 17. Ad hoc frementes. Enraged at this. Fremens, 
 
 part, (from fremo. ) Raging, indignant. 
 
 19. Hostilium navium puppes, i. e. hostiles naves. 
 
 20. sinistrorsum citce. Driven to the left. Cleopatra's 
 
 fleet wheeled to the left, and fled toward Egypt, 
 Citus, part, (from cieor.) Sent, driven. 
 
EPODE x. 267 
 
 VERSE 
 
 21. Triumphe. Triumph is here personified. Trium- 
 
 phal, i, m. Triumph. 
 
 22. intactas, subaud. jugo. Intactus, adj. and part. 
 
 Untouched, untamed. 
 
 23. parem, subaud. Angusto. Par, ris, adj. Equal. 
 
 24. ducem, i. e. Marius, who finished the Jugurthin? 
 
 war. 
 
 25. Africano. Scipio Africanus. See book 4. Ode 
 
 viii. ver. 15. 
 
 26. Sepulcrum. Sepulcrum, i, n. A sepulchre, a mo- 
 
 nument. 
 
 27. Punico, &c. An hypallage, for Punlcum sago lugu- 
 
 bri. He changed his Phoenician dress for a 
 mournful gown. Sagum, i, n. A gown, a cloak. 
 
 29. I lie. Antony. 
 
 30. Noji suis. (Non prosperis.) Unfavourable to him. 
 35. Nauseam. Nausea, ae, f. Nausea, bile. 
 
 56. Metire. Metior, iri, dep. To measure out. 
 37. rerum. Res, ei, f. Affairs, interests. 
 
 EPODE X. 
 
 1. MALA alite. With a bad omen. See book 1. 
 
 Ode xv. ver. 5. 
 soluta, subaud. retinaculis. Solutus, part, (from 
 solvor.) Loosed. 
 
 2. Olentem. Olens, tis, part, (ab oleo.) Stinking, 
 
 filthy. 
 Mcevium. Msevius, ii, m. A wretched poet, who 
 seems to have offended Horace, either by his in- 
 n2 
 
268 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 solence or malevolence. His name has become 
 proverbial, and a bad poet is to this day surnamed 
 a Mcevius, Virgil has immortalized him in the 
 following lines, Eclog. III. 90. 
 
 Qui Bavium non odit, amet tua carmina, Mavi ,• 
 Atque idem jungat vulpes, et mulgeat hircos. 
 
 3. latus, subaud. navis. Latus, eris, n. A side. 
 5. Niger, Niger, gra, urn, adj. Black, tempestuous* 
 Albus is used in the opposite sense; book 1. Ode 
 vii. ver. 15. 
 Rudentes. Riidens, tis, c. g. A cable. 
 inverso. Inversus, part, (from invertor.) Turned 
 upside down, confused, boisterous, (ab imis vadis 
 refuso.) 
 7. Quantus. As furious as, 
 
 13. usto. Ustus, part, (from uror,) Burnt, reduced 
 
 to ashes. 
 
 14. Ajacis. Ajax, the son of Oileus, having offered 
 
 violence to Cassandra, the priestess of Minerva, 
 the Goddess sunk his ship in a storm. 
 
 15. navitis, Navita, se, c. g. A sailor. 
 sudor. Sudor, oris, m. Sweat, labour. 
 
 16. Luteus. Luteus, a, um, adj. Muddy. 
 
 17. Ejulatio. Ejiilatio, onis, f. Wailing, lamentation. 
 
 21. Opima. Opimus, a, um, adj. Rich ; fat. 
 
 22. Mergos. Mergus, i,m. A sea bird; a cormorant. 
 24. Tempestatibus. Tempestas, atis, f. A storm, a 
 
 tempest. 
 
EPODE XI. 269 
 
 EPODE XL 
 
 VERSE 
 
 1. PETTI, (voc. case.) Pettius, ii, m. A friend of 
 
 Horace, to whom he complains, in this Ode, of his 
 want of leisure for writing verses, being com- 
 pletely engaged with his love affairs. 
 
 2. perculsum. Perculsus, part, (from percellor .) 
 
 Smitten. 
 gravi. Gravis, e, adj. Severe, passionate. 
 
 3. expeiit. Expeto, ere, ivi, itum, n. To seek out, to 
 
 desire. 
 
 5. December. By synecdoche, for annus. 
 
 destiti. Desisto, ere, stiti, n. To desist, to give 
 over, to cease. 
 
 Q. Inaclda. Inachia, ae, f. A fictitious name of one 
 of the poet's mistresses. (Nobilis erat hsec et 
 potens, quare ab antiquo Inacho Inachiam earn 
 dicit.) 
 decutit. Decutio, ere, ussi, ussum, act. To shake 
 off, to beat down. 
 
 8. Fabula. Fabula, ae, f. A fable, a tale: here, a sub- 
 ject of conversation. 
 
 1 0. Arguit. Arguo, ere, ui, act. To prove, to convict. 
 latere petitus into spiritus. The sigh drawn from 
 
 the bottom of the breast. — Latus, eris, n. A 
 side : here, the breast. 
 
 11. Lucrum. (Munera rivalium.) Lucrum, i, n. Gain, 
 
 profit. 
 
 12. applorans. Applorans, tis, part, (from apploro.) 
 
 Bewailing, lamenting. 
 
 13. simul, (for simul atque), adv. As soon as. 
 
 n3 
 
270 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 calentis mero, subaud. met. Caleo, ere, ui, n. To 
 be warm. 
 
 14. Fervidiora, (compar.) Fervidus, a, urn, adj. Hot, 
 
 burning, (to be revealed.) 
 promorai loco. Had removed from their place; 
 i. e. had disclosed. Promoveo, ere, ovi, otum, 
 act. To move forward, to advance. 
 
 15. Quod si, &c. Here Horace continues his complaint, 
 
 the two last lines being in a parenthesis. 
 10. bllis. Bilis, is, f. Anger, spleen. 
 
 ventis dividat. May disperse to the winds : a pro- 
 verbial expression, implying forgetfulness. So 
 book 1. Ode xxvi. ver. 1. — Divido, ere, si, sum, 
 act. To divide, to disperse. 
 
 17. Fomenta. Fdmentum, i, n. A fomentation, ap- 
 
 plied to a wound. (Horace calls his complaints, 
 fomenta ; because they as frequently irritate, as 
 they assuage, pain.) 
 levantia. Levans, tis, part, (from levo.) Easing, 
 assuaging. 
 
 18. Imparibus. Impar, is, adj. Unequal (from their 
 
 greater wealth.) 
 summotus pudor. My injured dignity. — Summo- 
 tus, part, (from summoveor.) Removed, taken 
 away. 
 
 19. Laudaveram. I had resolved upon. — Laudo, are, 
 
 act. To praise, to commend : hence, to pursue, 
 to resolve upon. 
 24. Lyeisci. Lyciscus, i, m. A fictitious name of a 
 beautiful youth, most probably derived from 
 Lycus, the name of a favourite of the poet Al- 
 caeus. Book 1. Ode xxxii. ver. 11. 
 
EPODE XIII. 271 
 
 VERSE 
 
 25. Expedire. Expedio, ire, ivi, itum, act. To free, 
 
 to deliver. 
 
 26. Libera. Liber, ra, urn, adj. Free, open, unreserved. 
 contumelice. Contumelia, se, f. A reproof. 
 
 '28. renodantis. Renodans, tis, part. Collecting into 
 a knot. 
 
 EPODE XII. 
 
 SEE introductory note. 
 
 EPODE XIII. 
 
 1. CONTRAXIT. Contraho, ere, xi, ctum, adj. To 
 
 contract, to diminish. 
 
 2. deducunt. Deduco, ere, xi, ctum, act. To bring 
 
 down. Thus Virgil : 
 
 Jupiter et laeto descends plurimus imbri. 
 
 Jovem. See book 1. Ode i. ver. 25. 
 
 5. obductd solvatur fronte senectus. Let age, with its 
 
 contracted brow, be loosed : i. e. Let us be free 
 from the stern severity natural to old age. — Ob- 
 ductus, part, (from obducor.) Spread over, cover- 
 ed, contracted, wrinkled. 
 
 6. Torquato consule. See book 3. Ode xxi. ver. 1. 
 
 7. Ccetera. Alluding, most probably, to the miseries 
 
 of the late civil wars. 
 
 8. reducet in sedem. Will restore to their former con- 
 
 N 4 
 
272 CLAV1S HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 dition. — Reduco, ere, xi, ctum, act. To bring 
 back, to restore. 
 9. Cyllened. Cylleneus, a, urn, adj. Of, or belonging 
 to, Mercury, who was born on Cyllene, a moun- 
 tain of Arcadia. Mercury was the inventor of the 
 lyre. See book 1. Odex. ver. 1. 
 11. Centaurus, i. e. Chiron, the Centaur, who was the 
 tutor of Achilles. 
 alumno. Alumnus, i, m. A pupil. 
 
 13. Assaraci tellus, i. e. Troy. Assaracus, i, m. A 
 
 king of Troy, from whom iEneas was descended. 
 
 14. Scamandri. Scamander, dri, m. A river of Troy, 
 
 the same as the Xanthus, (book 4. Ode vi. ver. 
 26.) springing from a small fountain on Mount 
 Ida. Whence the epithet, parvi. 
 
 "Ov EavSov Kakesoi Seol, avSpeg ok Sicdfiavdpov. 
 
 Homer, passim. 
 
 Simois. Simois, ends, m. Another river of Troy, 
 forming a branch of the Scamander. 
 
 15. cerlo subtemine. By a certain thread. See book 2. 
 
 Ode hi. ver. 15. — Subtemen, mis, n. A thread. 
 
 16. Rupere. Rumpo, ere, upi, ptum, act. To break; 
 
 to hinder. 
 mater, i. e. Thetys, a sea deity : and so, by meto- 
 nyme, the sea ; whence the epithet, ccerula, sea- 
 green. 
 1 8. Deformis cegrimonice dulcibus alloquiis. The sweet 
 soothers of horrid sadness. (Alloquiis is in ap- 
 position with vino cantuque, ver. 17.) Allo- 
 quium, ii, n. Properly, conversation: hence, 
 consolation, comfort. (Allocutio enim taedium 
 summovet.) 
 
EPODE XIV. 273 
 
 EPODE XIV. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 1. DIFFUDERIT. Diffundo, ere, udi, usum, act. 
 
 To spread over, to diffuse. 
 4. Arente. Arens, tis, part, and adj. Parched, dry, 
 
 thirsty. 
 traxerim, for hauserim. Traho, ere, xi, ctum, act. 
 
 To draw, to quaff. 
 
 6. Deus, i. e. Love. 
 
 7. Inceptos. Inceptus, part, and adj. Begun. 
 
 8. ad umbilicum adducere. To finish. — Umbilicus, i, m. 
 
 A boss of bone, or ivory, placed at the end of the 
 stick, on which the volume was rolled, after it was 
 finished. 
 
 9. Samio Bathyllo. Bathyllus, i, m. was an elegant 
 
 youth, a native of the island of Samos, in the 
 JEgean, to whom the poet Anacreon was greatly 
 attached. 
 
 12. Non elaboratum. , Not laboured, easy. — Elaboratus, 
 
 part, (from elaboror.) Laboured, elaborate. 
 
 13. ignis, i. e. Helen, the flame, which caused the burn- 
 
 ing of Troy. 
 
 14. obsessam. Obsessus, part, (from obsideor.) Be- 
 
 sieged. 
 
 15. uno, subaud. amatore. 
 
 16. Phnjne. Phryne, es, f. A beautiful Grecian girl, 
 
 with whom Horace w T as in love. 
 macerat. Macero, are, act. To torment, to inflame 
 with love. 
 
 » 5 
 
274 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 EPODE XV. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 3. LMSURA. Laesurus,part. fut. (homlcedo.) About 
 
 to injure, about to insult. 
 
 4. In mea verba. After that form of words, which I 
 
 dictated. 
 
 5. Arctius. (compar.) Arete, adv. Closely. 
 atque, for quam. 
 
 procera. Procerus, a, urn, adj. Tall, lofty, majestic, 
 
 10. Mutuum. Mutuus, a, um, adj. Mutual. 
 
 11. dolitura. Doliturus, part. fut. (from doleo.) About 
 
 to grieve. 
 virtute. Virtus, utis, f. Virtue, constancy, 
 13. Potiori, subaud. rivali. To my favoured rival, — 
 Potior, us, adj. Preferred, favoured. 
 
 1 5. Offensce for nice. To your beauty, which has offend- 
 
 ed me. OfFensus, part, (from offendor,) here 
 used in an active sense ; Having offended, 
 constantia. Constantia, se, f. Constancy, firmness. 
 
 16. Si, for etsi, etiamsi. Although. 
 
 intrarit, subaud. te, Intro, are, act. To enter. 
 
 18. Malo. Malum, i, n. Evil, misfortune. 
 
 19. licebit, for licet. 
 
 20. Tibi, i.e. in tuum commodum. For your advantage. 
 Pactolus. Pactolus, i, m. A river of Lydia, in 
 
 Asia Minor, which was said to roll sands of gold. 
 It is said to have been one of the sources of the 
 riches of Croesus, 
 
 21. Pythagorce arcana. The secrets of Pythagoras, 
 
 i. e. the doctrine of the transmigration of souls. 
 See book 1. Ode xxviii. ver. 10. 
 
EPODE XVI. 276 
 
 VERSE 
 
 fallant, for lateant. 
 
 22. Nirca. See book 3. Ode xx. ver. 15. 
 
 23. translator Translates, part, (from transferor.) 
 
 Transferred. 
 £4. iicissim, adv. In my turn. 
 
 EPODE XVI. 
 
 1. ALTER J. The civil wars of Marios and Sylla 
 
 occupied the first age ; the secoiid was spent in 
 those from the death of Julius Caesar to that of 
 Antony. 
 Teritur. Tero, ere, trivi, tritum, act. To wear 
 away, to waste, to spend. 
 
 2. ritit. Ruo, ere, ui, itum, n. To fall, to sink into 
 
 ruin. So Propertius, III. 13. 60. 
 
 Frangitur ipsa suis Roma snperba bonis. 
 
 3. Quam neque, &c. The order is— Nos, cetas impitt, 
 
 devoti sanguinis, perdimus patriam nostram, quam 
 neque, fyc. 
 
 4. Porsence. Porsena, andPorsenna, as, f. A king of 
 
 Etruria, who supported the claims of Tarquin, and 
 endeavoured to restore him to the throne of Rome. 
 Livy tells us, that the success of his arms caused 
 the greatest consternation among the senators. 
 The bravery, however, which was evinced by the 
 Romans, and more especially by Codes and Scae- 
 vola, completely intimidated him ; so that lie 
 made peace, and never after interfered with them, 
 xC 
 
276 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 5. Capuce. Capua, ae, f. The chief city in Campania, 
 
 founded by Capus, one of the Trojans who accom- 
 panied iEneas from Italy. Annibal had engaged 
 to make Capua the capital of Italy; whence, 
 JEmula virtus. 
 Spartacus. See book 3. Ode xiv. ver. 19. 
 
 6. Allobrox, (sing, for plur.J Allobrox, ogis, m. The 
 
 Allobroges were a people of Gaul, of the most in- 
 constant and treacherous disposition. They at 
 first favoured the designs of Catiline, and after- 
 wards discovered the conspiracy to Cicero. 
 
 7. Ccerulea. Cceruleus, a, um, adj. Blue, i. e. blue- 
 
 eyed. Tacitus mentions the cceruli oculi of the 
 Germans. 
 Germania. Germania, as, f. Germany. — Horace 
 more particularly alludes to the defeat of the 
 Cimbri and Teutones, by Marius, in which the 
 vanquished lost 300,000 men. 
 
 8. abominatus. Abominatus, part, and adj. Hated, 
 
 detested. 
 
 10. rursus, adv. Again. — As it was before the building 
 
 of Rome. See Virg. VIII. 343. So Shakspeare : 
 
 O ray poor kingdom 
 
 O thou wilt be a wilderness again, 
 Peopled with wolves, thy old inhabitants. 
 
 Henry the Focrth. 
 
 11. insistet. Insisto, ere, stiti, stitum, act. To stand 
 
 upon, to insult. 
 
 12. Ungula. Ungula, se, f. The hoof of a horse. 
 
 1 5. Quce carent vcntis. Which are non unexposed to 
 the winds (as being buried.) Careo, ere, n. To 
 want, to be without. 
 
EPODE XVI. 277 
 
 VERSE 
 
 14. Dissipabit. Dissipo, are, act. To disperse, to 
 
 scatter. 
 
 15. Quid expediat carere. What is necessary to make 
 
 yourselves free from. The order is— *Forte, aut 
 communitcr, aut mellor pars, quceritis, quid expe~ 
 diat, 3'c. 
 
 17. Phocceorum. Phocaei, orum, m. pi. A people of 
 
 Ionia, in Asia Minor. Herodotus (1. 165.) tells 
 us that, being conquered by Harjmgus, one of 
 the generals of Cyrus, they abandoned their 
 city, which fell into the hands of the Persians ; 
 binding themselves, by an oath, never to return 
 till a mass of burning iron, which they cast into 
 the sea, should rise to the surface. They settled 
 in Gaul, and founded Marseilles. 
 
 18. Exsecrata. Exsecratus, part, (from exsecror.) 
 
 Bound by an oath. 
 
 25. In hcec, subaud. verba. See Epode xv. ver. 4. 
 Simul, &c. The order is — Ne sit nefas redirc, 
 simul, 8$c. Let it be considered impious to re- 
 turn, until the stones, raised from the bottom of 
 the sea, swim upon the surface. — Levatus, part, 
 (from levor.) Raised. 
 
 23. Padus. Padus, i, m. The chief river of Italy, 
 now called the Po. 
 cacumina. Caciimen, mis, n. A top, or summit. 
 
 29. procurrerit. Procurro, ere, rri, rsum, n. To run, 
 or move forward. 
 Apenninus. The Apennines are a long range of 
 mountains, traversing the whole of Italy. 
 
 31. Ut, So that. 
 
278 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 subsidere. Subsido, ere, edi, essum, n. To settle, 
 to couple, to associate. 
 
 32. Miluo. Miluus, or milvius, i, m. A kite. 
 
 33. ravos. Ravus, a, um, adj. Tawny. 
 
 37. exspes. Exspes, ei, adj. Hopeless, despondent. 
 
 38, inominata. Inominatus, a, um, adj. Ill-omened. 
 perprimat. Perprimo, ere, essi, essum, act. To 
 
 press down. 
 
 42. insulas. The Fortunate Islands ; among which the 
 
 Antients believed the Elysian fields were si- 
 tuated. 
 
 43. Inarata. Inaratus, part, and adj. Untilled, un- 
 
 ploughed. 
 
 44. Imputata, Imputatus, a, um, adj. Unpruned. 
 v'inea. Vinea, se, f. A vineyard. 
 
 45. Germinat. Germino, are, n. and act. To bud, to 
 
 sprout. 
 termes. Termes, itis, m. A bough, a branch. 
 
 46. Suam. Its own ; i. e. natural, ungrafted. 
 
 48. crepantc. Crepans, tis, part, (from crepo.) Mur- 
 
 muring. 
 
 49. mulctra. Mulctrum, i, n. A milk-pail. 
 54. Radat. Rado, ere, si, sum, act. To injure. 
 
 56. Utrumque, i. e. Both rain and heat, 
 ccelitum. Ccelites, um, m. pi. The Gods. 
 
 57. Argoo remige. With sailors like the Argonauts. 
 
 Remex, lgis, m. A rower, a sailor. 
 59. Sidonii. Sidonius, a, um, adj. Of Sidon,'m Phoe- 
 nicia, the inhabitants of which were famous for 
 their maritime commerce. 
 cornua, subaud. cuitemiarum. (See Virg. JEn. III. 
 549.) Sail yards. 
 
EPODE XVII. 279 
 
 VERSE 
 
 63. sccrevit. Secerno, ere, crevi, cretum, act. To set 
 
 apart. 
 
 64. Ut. When. 
 
 inquinavit. Inquino, are, act. To pollute, to dis- 
 grace. 
 
 G5. quorum fuga. An escape from which ages. — Fuga, 
 ae, f. Flight, escape. 
 
 66. Vale me. According to my prediction. — Vates, is, 
 c. g. A prophet, a poet. 
 
 EPODE XVII. 
 
 1. EFFICACI sclentice. To the powerful science of 
 
 magic. — Scientia, ae, f. A science, an art. 
 do manus, i. e. I yield, I submit. — The recantation 
 of Horace is ironical ; and both the concessions of 
 tl>e.poet, and the menacing answer of Canidia, are 
 in the highest strain of disguised, satire and con- 
 tempt. 
 
 2. Proserpince. Proserpina, ae, f. The daughter of 
 
 Ceres, whom Pluto carried off to the infernal re- 
 gions, and there married her ; whence she became 
 the queen of Hell. 
 
 3. movenda, i. e. laccssenda. Movendus, part, (from 
 
 moveor.) To be moved, to be irritated. 
 
 4. Carmlnum. Carmen, mis, n. A song, a chaunt : 
 
 hence, a magic spell, an incantation. 
 
 5. coelo devocarc. See Epode v. ver. 46. Devoco, are, 
 
 act. To call down. 
 7. retro solve. Turn back ; (in order that it may undo, 
 
280 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 or correct, the evils which it had occasioned.) 
 Retro solve is put, by tmesis, for resolve. 
 Turbincm. Turbo, inis, m. A top ; a magical 
 machine, by the whirling of which, incantations 
 were performed. It is most probably the same 
 with the rhombus of Martial, Propertius, and Ovid. 
 8. Nepotem Nereium, i. e. Achilles, who was the son of 
 Thetys, the daughter of Nereus. 
 Telephus. Telephus, i, m. A king of Mycia, who, 
 being wounded by Achilles in the Trojan war, 
 was told by the Oracle, that he could only be 
 cured by the weapon which had struck him. Upon 
 applying to Achilles, the warrior generously heal- 
 ed the wound, by pouring into it some filings 
 from his spear. 
 
 10. torserat. Torqueo, ere, si, sum, act. To hurl, to 
 
 cast. 
 
 11. Unxere. Ungo, ere, xi, ctum, act. To anoint. — 
 
 It was the custom of the Antients to wash and 
 anoint the body with perfumes, previous to its 
 interment. 
 addictum. Addictus, part, (from addicor.) Des- 
 tined, condemned. — Homer tells us, that the 
 body of Hector was thrown, as a prey, to the 
 dogs and birds, after it had been dragged by 
 Achilles round the walls of Troy : 
 
 ■t\ujpia rtvx*- Kvvtaciv 
 
 Oiwyoltfi re iracn. 
 
 12. homicidam. Homicida, ae, e.g. An homicide.- 
 
 So Homer : &vdpo$ovov> 
 
 13. rex. Priam. See book 1. Ode x. ver. 14. 
 
EPODE XVII. 281 
 
 VERSE 
 
 14. pervicacis. Pervicax, acis, adj. Obstinate, in- 
 
 flexible. 
 
 15. Setosa. Setosus, a, um, adj. Bristly, covered with 
 
 bristles. 
 exuere. Exuo, ere, ui, utum, act. To put ofT. 
 pellibus, subaud. Porcorum. The companions of 
 Ulysses were changed into swine, by Circe ; but 
 were restored to their natural shape, at the re- 
 quest of her lover. — Pellis, is, f. A skin. 
 17* Circa. Circa, ae, and Circe, es, f. Circe. See 
 
 book 1. Ode xvii. ver. 20. 
 20. Institoribus. Institor, oris, m. A pedlar, a factor. 
 
 23. odoribus. Odor, oris, m. A perfume ; a charm. 
 
 24. Labore. L&bor, oris, m. Labour; disquietude, 
 
 25. Est, for licet, contingit. Is it allowed me. 
 
 26. tenia spiritu. Strained with panting. — Tentus, 
 
 part, (from tendor.) Stretched, extended, 
 strained. 
 
 27. negatum. What was before denied by me. — Nega- 
 
 tus, part, (from negor.) Denied. 
 
 28. Sabella carmina. Sabine spells. — The Sabines, 
 
 among whom were the Marsi, and the Peligni, 
 (ver. 60.) were skilful in sorcery. See Epode v. 
 ver. 75. 
 increpare. Increpo, are, ui, act. To disturb. 
 
 29. Dissilire. Dissilio, Ire, ui, and ivi, ultum, n. To 
 
 burst asunder, to be disunited, to be cleft. 
 32. Nessi. See Epode iii. ver. 17. 
 
 Sicana. Sicanus, a, um, adj. Sicilian. 
 35. Officina, is in apposition with tu, ver. 33. Offi- 
 
 cina, ae, f. A workshop, a laboratory. 
 Z6. Stipendium. Stipendium, ii, n. Pay, punishment. 
 
282 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 41. Perambulabis astra. You shall move amongst the 
 
 stars ; i. e. You shall be celebrated in my verses, 
 as being received among the constellations. — 
 Perambulo, are, act. To traverse, to walk, or 
 move, among. 
 
 42. vice. Vicis, ci, cem, ce. Change, fortune. (It 
 
 here signifies the injuries which Helen had suf- 
 fered from the poet Stesichorus, who had sati- 
 rized her, with great severity, in his verses. 
 Her brothers, Castor and Pollux, indignant at 
 the affront which was offered her, punished the 
 poet with blindness.) 
 44. Vati, i. e. Stesichorus. His sight was restored, 
 upon his writing a recantation, and singing the 
 praises of Helen. 
 
 46. paternis obsoleta sordibus. Disgraced by paternal 
 
 meanness ; i. e. by your mean birth. Sordes, 
 dis, f. Filth. 
 
 47. prudens, Prudens, tis, adj. Prudent, skilful. 
 
 48. Novendiales. "Which had been dead nine days. — 
 
 A corpse was preserved seven days, burnt on 
 the eighth, and buried on the ninth. 
 dissipare. Dissipo, are, act. To disperse, to scat- 
 ter, (ad usum artium magicarum.) 
 
 49. Hospitale. Hospitalis, e, adj. Hospitable, kind, 
 
 generous. — (These lines are an ironical recanta- 
 tion of contrary assertions in Epode v.) 
 
 50. Tuusque venter Pactumeius. And Pactumeius is 
 
 really your own offspring ; i. e. not a stolen and 
 supposititious child, as some would insinuate. — 
 Venter, tris, m. The belly, the womb. — (Bent- 
 ley has collected several instances to prove that 
 
EPODE XVII. 283 
 
 VERSE 
 
 venter is often used, by the best authors, to sig- 
 nify the infant, which is contained in the womb.) 
 
 51. obstetrix. Obstetrix, icis, f. A midwife. 
 pannos. Pannus, i, m. A garment : also, a napkin. 
 
 52. puerpera. Puerpera, ae, f. A woman in childbirth. 
 
 CANIDIJE RBSPONSIO. 
 
 53. Obseratis. Obseratus, part, (from obseror.) Closed, 
 
 shut up, inattentive. 
 54;. nudis. Nudus, a, um, adj. Naked, poor, destitute. 
 surdiora. (compar.) Surdus, a, um, adj. Deaf, 
 unheeding. 
 
 55. Tundit. Tundo, ere, tutudi, tunsum, act. To beat, 
 
 to shake. 
 sale. Salum, i, n. The sea. (From the Greek, 
 
 caXevu), agito.) 
 
 56, riseris vulgata. Divulge and ridicule. — Vulgatus, 
 
 part, (from vulgor.) Divulged, published. 
 Cotyttia. Cotyttia, orum, n. pi. The mysteries 
 of Cotytto, the goddess of impurities ; the cele- 
 bration of which, particularly among the Thra- 
 cians, was attended with the grossest indecencies. 
 58. Esquilini Pontifex venefici. As if you were high- 
 priest of the sorcery, performed upon the Esqui- 
 lianHill. See Epode v. ver. 100. — Veneficium, 
 ii, n. Sorcery, witchcraft. 
 
 60. ditasse. Dito, are, act. To enrich, (by employing 
 
 them to give instructions in magic.) 
 
 61. Toxicum. Toxicum, i, n. Poison: properly, a 
 
 deadly poison, in which the heads of arrows were 
 dipped. 
 C2. Tardiora votis. Slower than your wishes. — Voturn, 
 i, n. A wish, a prayer. 
 
284 CLAVIS HORAT1ANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 64. suppetas. Suppeto, ere. To be sufficient ; to be 
 
 exposed to. 
 
 65. Pelopis pater. See book 1. Ode xxviii. ver. 7. 
 
 67. Prometheus. See book 1. Ode iii. ver. 27. 
 
 68. Sisyphus. See book 2. Ode xiv. ver. 20. 
 71. Norico. See book 1. Odexvi. ver. 9. 
 
 73. Fastidiosd. Fastidiosus, a, urn, adj. Loathing. 
 
 74. humeris inimicis. On your hated shoulders. — Ini- 
 
 micus, a, urn, adj. Hostile, hated. 
 
 75. Terra. Terra, ae, f. The earth, the world, (i. e. 
 
 all mankind.) 
 Insolentice. Insolentia, ae, f. Irresistible power. 
 
 76. movere, i. e. animare. Moveo, ere, vi, otum, act. 
 
 To put in motion, to animate. 
 
 77. Polo. Polus, i, m. Heaven. See Epode v. ver. 46. 
 81. Plorem, &c. The order is — Plorem exitum artis 
 
 habentis nil in te. Ploro, are, act. To lament, 
 to bewail. 
 
CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 CARMEN SJECULARE. 
 
 Notk. — The Lddi Sjecclares were the most solemn Games 
 which were celebrated by the Romans. Their origin, and 
 the exact period of their recurrence, are not clearly ascer- 
 tained. Their first institution, however, may probably be 
 referred to the year of Rome 245, when they were perform- 
 ed by the Sybilline priests, in consequence of a prophecy 
 in their sacred writings, that as long as the Romans conti- 
 nued them at the end of every age, the republic would flou- 
 rish and increase. Horace seems to fix the period of their 
 celebration at the close of every 110 years; but it does not 
 appear that the time was punctually observed. According 
 to the registers, the first were held A.U. C. 245; the se- 
 cond, A. U. C. 405; the third, A. U. C. 505; the fourth, 
 A. U. C. 605 ; and the fifth, by Augustus, A. U. C. 736: 
 
 Fifteen men, called 2uindecemviri, were appointed to super- 
 intend the festival, who distributed to the people, some few 
 days before the Games began, torches, bitumen, sulphur, 
 and various sorts of grain, which were necessary for their 
 purification. The Games continued three days and three 
 nights During the day, they sacrificed to Jupiter, Juno, 
 Apollo, Diana, and Latona ; and, during the night, to Pluto, 
 Proserpine, and the Fates. The festival concluded with an 
 hymn, which was sung by twenty-seven youths and as many 
 virgins, selected from the country, in the temple of Apollo, 
 on the Palatine Hill, in which they recommended the city 
 to the protection of the tutelar Gods of Rome. 
 
286 NOTE. 
 
 When Augustus celebrated these Games, he requested Horace 
 to compose this hymn ; and the Carmen Sccculare was the 
 result, which has been considered, by the greatest critics, 
 as the most perfect specimen of lyric poetry which has come 
 down to modern times. 
 
 The following is the distribution of the several parts, as they 
 were sung by the youths and virgins, separately, or in 
 concert : — 
 
 Verses 1 — 8. Chorus of youths and virgins. 
 
 9—12. — — youths. 
 
 13 — 20. virgins. 
 
 21 — 32. — youths and virgins. 
 
 33—34. — — youths. 
 
 35—36. virgins. 
 
 37 — 60. youths and virgins. 
 
 61—68. . youths. 
 
 69—72. virgins. 
 
 73—76. ■ youths and virgins. 
 
CARMEN SiECULARE. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 5. SIBYLLINI versus. The Sybilline verses were 
 said to have been presented to Tarquinius Super- 
 bus, by an old woman, who at first produced nine 
 volumes ; but being refused an enormous price, 
 which she asked for them, she burnt three of them, 
 and again asked the same sum for the remaining 
 six. The king still withholding the required sum, 
 the woman destroyed three more, and still de- 
 manded the same recompense. Astonished at her 
 pertinacity, Tarquin applied to the Augurs, who 
 advised him to purchase the three volumes, which 
 were still safe, at any p*ic~. They were ever af- 
 terwards regarded with the greatest veneration, 
 and preserved with the grates u care; nor were 
 they ever consulted without a special order from 
 the Senate. They contained, among other pro- 
 phetic writings, specific directions for the celebra- 
 tion of the scecular games* 
 
 7. septem colles. The seven hills upon which the city 
 of Rome was built. 
 
 10. Promts. Promo, ere, psi, ptum, act. To produce, 
 
 to bring forth. 
 celas. Celo, are, act. To conceal, to finish. 
 
 11. Nasceris* Nascor, i, natus sum, dep. To be born; 
 
 to rise. 
 
283 CLAVIS HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 possis f i. e. precamur ut possis. 
 
 13. aperire lews. Kind in opening, i. e. in producing. 
 
 Aperio, ire, ui, rtum, act. To open, to disclose, 
 to discover. 
 
 14. Illthyia. Uithyia, se, f. A name given to Diana, 
 
 in reference to the assistance which she was sup- 
 posed to give to women in childbirth. It is de- 
 rived from the Greek i\fv3-w, because she came 
 to the help of those who invoked her. Lucina 
 and Genitalis are also names of Diana> and refer 
 to the same office of the goddess. 
 
 17. producas. Prodiico, ere, xi, ctum, act. To pro- 
 
 duce, to increase. 
 Patrum decreta, i. e. Senatus consulta. Decretum, 
 i, n. A decree, a statute. 
 
 18. Prosperes. Prospero, are, act. To make suc- 
 
 cessful. 
 super jugandis feminis. Concerning the marriages 
 of women. Jugo, are, act. To unite ; to marry ; 
 to give in marriage. 
 
 20. Lege maritd. The law de maritandis ordinibus, 
 which was passed by Augustus, A. U. C. 736, 
 for the purpose of encouraging marriages. It is 
 known by the name of the Lex Julia. — Maritus, 
 a, urn, adj. Of, or belonging to, a husband; 
 relating to marriage ; (quae maritos facit.) 
 
 25. Fosque, &c. The construction is — Vosque, Parc<z> 
 veraces cecinisse, i. e. in canendo, quod dictum 
 est semel, quodque precamur ut, stabilis terminus 
 rerum servet, jungite bona fata fotis jam peractis. 
 cecinisse. Cano, ere, cecini, cantum, n. and act. 
 To sing, to predict. 
 
CARMEN SECULARE. 289 
 
 VERSE 
 
 26. stabilis. Stabilis, e, adj. Firm, fixed, established. 
 
 27* Peractis. Peractus, adj. and part. Past, gone by. 
 
 28. Fata, i. e. Parcarum decreta. 
 
 30. Spiced. Spiceus, a, um, adj. Of ears of corn. 
 
 33. Condito. Conditus, part, (from condor.) Hidden, 
 enclosed (in the quiver.) 
 
 35. bicornis. Bicornis, e, adj. Having two horns. 
 Horned, (as the moon is in the first quarter, 
 during which the Saecular Games were cele- 
 brated.) 
 
 37. Ilice turmce. The Trojan troops, under the com- 
 mand of iEneas. — Turma, se, f. A troop, a 
 company. 
 
 39. Jussa. Jussus, part, (from jubeor.) Ordered. — 
 iEneas was commanded by Apollo to settle in 
 Italy. Virg. Mn. III. 88. 
 
 41. fraude. Fraus, dis, f. Deceit, treachery: hence, 
 injury, loss. 
 
 44. plura relictis. More than they left behind. — Re- 
 lictus, part, (from relinquor.) Left. 
 
 47. Romulce. See book 4. Ode v. ver. 1. 
 
 49. Qui, i. e. Augustus. See book 4. Ode xv. ver. 32. 
 
 51. Imperet — hostem. The poet represents Augustus 
 as more illustrious by his mercy to the conquer- 
 ed, than by the splendour of his victories. 
 bellante. Bellans, tis, part, (from bello.) Fighting, 
 
 waging war. 
 jacenlem. Jacens, tis, part, (from jaceo.) Lying 
 down, prostrate. 
 
 54. secures, i. e. the fasces. See book 1. Ode xii. ver. 
 35. — Securis, is, f. An axe. 
 
 61. Augur. See book 1. Ode ii. ver. 32. 
 
290 CLAV1S HORATIANA. 
 
 VERSE 
 
 63. salutari arte, i. e. medicine, in which Apollo was 
 
 skilled. — Salutaris, e, adj. Healthy. 
 
 64. Artus. Artus, us, m. A limb. 
 
 65. Palatums. The Carmen Sseculare was sung in the 
 
 temple of Apollo, on the Palatine Hill. 
 cequus. iEquus, a, um, adj. Propitious. 
 
 67. lustrum, is here put for sceculum. 
 
 68. proroget. Prorogo, are, act. To extend, to pro- 
 
 long. 
 
 69. Aventinum, There was a temple of Diana upon 
 
 the Aventine Hill, in Rome. 
 75. Doctus chorus. I, i. e. we, the chorus, who have 
 been taught to sing the praises, &c— Chorus, 
 i, m. A chorus. 
 
INDEX OF PROPER NAMES. 
 
 N. B. — Those names which are printed in italics, between 
 crotchets, are the modern names of the places to which 
 they are subjoined. 
 
 Achsemenes, ii. 12. 21. 
 Acheron, i. 3. 36. 
 Achilles, i. 8. 13. 
 Acrisius, iii. 16. 1. 
 Acroceraunia, i. 3. 20. 
 Adria, [Gulf of Venice], 
 
 i. 3. 15. 
 iEacus, ii. 13.22. 
 iElius Lamias, i. 26. 8. iii. 
 
 17.1. 
 ^monia, i. 37. 20. 
 iEneas, iv. 7. 15. 
 #)sula,iii. 29. 6. 
 iEthiops, iii. 6. 14. 
 -Etna, iii. 5. 76. 
 Agamemnon, iv. 9. 25. 
 
 u 
 
 Agyieus, iv. 6. 28. 
 Agrippa, i. 6. 4. 
 Ajax, i. 15. 19. 
 
 Alba, iv. 1. 18. 
 Albius Tibullus, i. 33.1. 
 Albiinea, i. 7. 12. 
 Alcseus, ii. 13. 27. 
 Alcides, i. 12. 25. 
 Alexandria, \_Scanderoon~], 
 
 iv. 14. 35. 
 Alfius, Epode ii. 67. 
 Algidus, i. 21. 6. 
 Allobroges,[;S'au0^],Epod. 
 
 xvi. 6. 
 Alyattes, iii. 16. 41. 
 Amphiaraus, iii. 16. 11. 
 Amphlon, iii. 11. 2. 
 Anacreon, iv. 9. 9. 
 Anchises, iv. 15. 31. 
 Ancus Martius, iv. 7. 15. 
 Andromeda, iii. 29. 17. 
 Anio, \_T ever one R.~\ i. 7. 
 
 12. 
 
 o2 
 
292 
 
 NDEX OP PROPER NAMES. 
 
 Annibal, ii. 12. 2. 
 Antilochus, ii. 9. 14. 
 Antiochus, iii. 6. 36. 
 Antium, [Nettuno], i. 35. 1 . 
 Antonius lulus, iv. 2. 1. 
 Apollo, i. 2. 32. 
 Apenninus, Epode xvi. 29. 
 Appia via, Epode iv. 14. 
 Apulia, i. 33.7. 
 Arcbytas, i. 28. 2. 
 Argos, [Argo], i. 7. 9. 
 Argonaut*, Epode iii. 9. 
 Ariminum,[/ft»2MM],Epod. 
 
 v. 42. 
 Aristius Fuscus, i. 22. 4. 
 Asdrubal, iv. 4. 38. 
 Assaracus, Epode xiii. 13. 
 Asterie, iii. 7. 1. 
 Atridae, i. 10. 13. 
 Attalus, i. 1. 12. 
 Aufidus, [Ofanto R.'] iii. 
 
 20. 10. 
 Aulon, ii. 6. 18. 
 
 B 
 
 Babylonii Numeri, i. 1 1 . 2. 
 Bacchus, ii. 19. 1. 
 Baiae, [Baia], ii. 18. 20. 
 Bandusia, iii. 13. 1. 
 Bantra, iii. 4. 15. 
 
 Barine, ii. 8. 2. 
 Bathyllus, Epode xiv. 9. 
 Bellerophon, i. 27. 24. iii. 
 
 7. 13. 
 Berecynthus, iii. 19. 18. 
 Bibulus, M. C. iii. 28. 8. 
 Bistones, ii. 19. 20. 
 Bithynia, iii. 7. 3. 
 Bosporus, ii. 13. 14. 
 Brenci, iv. 14. 10. 
 Briseis, ii. 4. 3. 
 Britanni, iii. 4. 33» 
 Bupalus, Epod. vi. 14. 
 
 Cseciibum vinum, i. 20. 9. 
 Calabria, i. 31. 5. 
 Calais, iii. 9. 14. 
 Calenum vinv.m, i. 20. 9. 
 Calliope, iii. 4. 2. 
 Camillus, M. F. i. 12. 42. 
 Campus Martius, i. 8. 4. 
 Canidia, Epode iii. 8. and 
 
 v. 1. 
 Cantabri, [Biscay]^. 6. 2. 
 Capitolium, i. 37. 6. 
 Capua, Epode xvi. 5. 
 Caspium Mare, ii. 9. 2. 
 Cassius Severus, Epod. vi. 
 Castalia, iii. 4. 61. 
 
INDEX OF PROPER NAMES, 
 
 29: 
 
 Castor, i. 3. 2. 
 
 Catilus,i. 18.2. 
 
 Cato, Censor, ii. 15. 11. 
 
 , Uticensis, i. 12. 35. 
 
 Caucasus, i. 22. 7. 
 Ceae Naeniae, ii. 1. 38. 
 Cecropia, i. 7. 5. 
 CensSrinus, C. M. iv. 8. 2. 
 Cerberus, ii. 13. 34. 
 Ceres, iii. 2. 26. 
 Charon, ii. 3. 28. 
 Charybdis, i. 27. 19. 
 Chimsera, i. 27. 24. ii. 17. 
 
 13. 
 Chios, iii. 19. 5. 
 Chiron, Epode xiii. 11. 
 Chloe, i. 23. 1. 
 Chloris, ii. 5. 18. 
 Chremes, Epode i. 33. 
 Cinara, iv. 1. 4. 
 Circe, i. 17. 20. 
 Cleopatra, i. 37. 7. 
 Clio, i. 12. 2. 
 Cnidos, \_Cnide], i. 30. 1. 
 Cos, [Lango~\, iv. 13. 13. 
 Cocytus, ii. 14. 18. 
 Codrus, iii. 19. 2. 
 Colchis, ii. 20. 17. 
 Concani, iii. 4. 34. 
 Corinthus, i. 6. 2. 
 
 Corvinus, M. V. M. iii. 
 
 21. 7. 
 Corybantes, i. 16. 8. 
 CStison, iii. 8. 18. 
 Cragus, i. 21.6. 
 Creta, iii. 27. 34. 
 Ciirius,M. i. 12. 41. 
 Cyclades,i. 14. 20. 
 Cyclopes, i. 4. 7. 
 Cydon, iv. 9.17. 
 
 Cynth : a ' li.21.2. 
 Cynthius, 3 
 
 Cyprus, i. 1. 13. 
 
 Cyrus, i. 17. 25. 
 
 Cytherea, i. 4. 5. 
 
 D 
 
 Daci, [Transylvania, Wal- 
 
 lachia, Moldavia"], i. 35. 
 
 9. 
 Daedalus, i. 3. 34. 
 Damalis, i. 36. 13. 
 Damocles, iii. 1. 17. 
 D&nae, iii. 16. 1. 
 Danaus, ii. 14. 18. 
 Danubius, [Danube R.~\ 
 
 iv. 15. 21. 
 Dardana Gens, i. 15. 10. 
 Daunias, i. 22. 14. 
 Daunus, iii. 30. 11. 
 
 o3 
 
294 
 
 INDEX OF PROPER NAMES 
 
 Deiphobus, iv. 9. 22. 
 Dellius, Q. ii. 3. 4. 
 Delos, iii. 4. 64. 
 Delphi, i. 2. 32. 
 Diana, i. 12. 22. 
 Diomedes, i. 16. 16. 
 Did ne, ii. 1. 39. 
 Dirce, iv. 2. 25. 
 Dmsus, iv. 4. 1. 
 
 Edoni, ii. 7. 27. 
 Elis, iv. 2. 17. 
 Enceladus, iii. 4. 54. 
 Enlpeus, iii. 7. 1. 
 Ennius, iv. 8. 20. 
 E5us, i. 35. 31. Epode ii. 
 
 51. 
 Ephesus, \_Efeso\ i. 7. 2. 
 Erycina, i. 2. 33. 
 Erymanthus, i. 21. 7. 
 Esquillnus, Epode v. 100. 
 Evius, i. 18.9. 
 Eumenides; ii. 13. 36. 
 Eur5pa, iii. 27. 25. 
 Euterpe, i. 1. 33. 
 
 Fabricius C. i. 12. 40. 
 Falernum vinum, i. 20. 9. 
 Faunus, i. 4. 11. 
 
 Ferentum, [Ferontino], iii. 
 
 4.16. 
 Folia, Epode v. 25. 
 Formiee, [Mato], i. 20. 9. 
 Fortuna, i. 35. 1. 
 Fuscus, i. 22. 4. 
 
 G 
 
 Gades, [Cadiz], ii. 2. 11. 
 Gsetulia, i. 23. 10. 
 Galatea, iii. 27. 14. 
 Galesus, ii. 6. 11. 
 Ganyraedes, iii. 20. 16. 
 Garganus, [Gargano\ ii. 
 
 9.7. 
 Geloni, ii. 9. 23. 
 Genauni, iv. 14. 10. 
 Geryon,ii. 14. 8. 
 Getae, [Moldavia, Walla- 
 
 chia], iii. 24. 11. 
 Gigantes, ii. 12. 7. 
 Glycera,i. 19. 5. i. 33. 2. 
 Gmdos, i.30. 1. 
 Gnossus, i. 15. 17. 
 Gratiae, i. 4. 6. 
 Grosphus P. ii. 16. 7. 
 Gyges, ii. 5. 20. ii. 17. 14. 
 
 H 
 
 Haemus, [Argentaro M.~\ 
 i. 12.6. 
 
INDEX OF PROPER NAMES. 
 
 295 
 
 Heber, [Maris R.~\ i. 25. 
 
 20. 
 Hebrus, iii. 12. 5. 
 Hector, ii. 4. 10. 
 Helena, i.3.2. i. 15. 1. 
 Helicon, i. 12. 5. 
 Hercules, iii. 3. 9. 
 Hesperia, i. 28. 26. 
 Hippolyte, iii. 7. 17. 
 Hippolytus, iv. 7. 26. 
 HirpinusQ. ii. 11. 2. 
 Hyades, i. 3.14. 
 Hydaspes, i. 22. 8. 
 Hydra, iv. 4. 61. 
 Hylaeus, ii. 12. 6. 
 Hymettus, [Himetto M.~\ 
 
 ii. 6. 14. 
 Hyperborei campi, ii. 20. 
 
 16. 
 Hypermnestra, ii. 14. 18. 
 
 Idomeneus, i. 15. 17. 
 Ilia, i. 2. 17. 
 Ilion, iii. 3. 18. 
 Illthyia, C. S. 14. 
 Inachus, ii. 3. 21. 
 Iolcos, \_Jaco], Epode v. 
 
 21. 
 Ister, [Danube R.~] iv. 15. 
 
 21. 
 Itys, iv. 12. 5. 
 Ixion, iii. 11. 21. 
 
 Janus, iv. 15. 9. 
 Jason, ii. 13. 8. 
 Juba, i. 22. 15. 
 Jiigurtha, ii. 1. 28. 
 Juno, ii. 1. 25. 
 Jupiter, i. 1.25. ii. 12. 9. 
 
 I 
 
 fapetus, i. 3. 27. 
 Iapyx, i. 3. 4. 
 Iberia, [Spain\ i. 29. 15. 
 Ibycus, iii. 15. 1. 
 Icarus, i. 3. 34. 
 Iccius, i. 29. 1. 
 Ida,[ J K'aM^ocM'.]iii. 20. 
 15. 
 
 Lacedaemon, i. 7. 10. 
 Lsestrygonia, iii. 16. 34. 
 Lalage, i. 22. 10. 
 Lamias, M. i. 26. 8. iii, 
 
 17.1. 
 Laomedon, iii. 3. 21. 
 Lapithae, i. 18. 8. 
 Larissa, i. 7. 11. 
 Latium, i. 12. 53. 
 
296 
 
 INDEX OF PROPER NAMES. 
 
 Leda, i. 3. 2. 
 
 Lesbos, [Meteline], i. 1. 
 
 34. 
 Leuconoe, i. 11. 2. 
 Liber, i. 12. 22. 
 Libitina, iii. 30. 7. 
 Liburnae naves, i. 37. 30. 
 Libya, [Africa"], i. 1. 10. 
 Licinius Muraana, ii. 10. 1. 
 Ligurinus, iv. 1. 33. 
 Lipara, iii. 12. 5. 
 Liris, [Garigliano R.] i. 
 
 31.7. 
 Lollius, M. F. iv. 9. 33. 
 Luceria, [Lucera], iii. 15. 
 
 14. 
 Luclna, iii. 22.3. Epode 
 
 v. 6. 
 Lucretilis, i. 17. 1. 
 Lucrinus lacus, ii. 15. 3. 
 Lyaeus, i. 7. 22. 
 Lycambes, Epode vi. 13. 
 Lyce, iii. 10. 1. 
 Lyceus, i. 17. 1. 
 Lycidas, i, 4. 19. 
 Lycimnia, ii. 12. 13. 
 Lyciscus, Epode ii. 24. 
 Lycdris, i. 33. 5. 
 Lycurgus, ii. 19. 1 . 
 Lycus,i.32. 11. iii. 19. 23. 
 
 Lyde, ii. 11. 22. 
 Lydia, i. 8. 1. 
 
 M 
 
 Maecenas, C. C. i. 1. 1. 
 Mseonius, i. 6. 2. 
 Msevius, Epode x. 2. 
 Magnesia, iii. 7. 18. 
 Maia, i. 2. 42. 
 Manlius, L. T. iii. 21.1. 
 Marcellus, M. C. i, 12.46. 
 Marica, iii. 17. 7. 
 Mars, i. G. 13. 
 Marsi, i. 1. 28. Epode v. 
 
 76. 
 Massagetas, i. 35. 40. 
 Massicum vi?ium y i. 1. 19. 
 Matina,i. 28.2. iv. 2.27. 
 Medea, ii. 13. 8. 
 Medi, i. 2. 22. 
 Megilla, i. 27. 10. 
 Melpomene, i. 24. 3. 
 Memphis, [Cairo], iii. 26. 
 
 10. 
 Menas, Epode iv. 
 Merciirius, i. 10. 1. 
 Meriones, i. 6. 15. 
 Metaurus, [Metro R,] iv. 
 
 4. 38. 
 Metellus, Q. C. ii. 1. 1. 
 
INDEX OF PROPER NAMES. 
 
 297 
 
 Mimas, iii. 4. 53. 
 Minerva, iii. 12. 4. 
 Minos, i. 28. 9. 
 Molossi, Epode vi. 5. 
 Monaeses, iii. 6. 9. 
 Mycenae, [Charia], i. 7. 9. 
 Mygdonia, ii. 12. 22. 
 Myrtale, i. 33. 14. 
 Myrtoum mare, i. 1. 14. 
 Mystes, ii. 9. 5. 
 
 N 
 
 Naiades, iii. 25. 14. 
 Neasra, iii. 14. 21. 
 Neapolis, [Naples], Epode 
 
 v. 43. 
 Neobule, iii. 12. 5. 
 Nereus, i. 15. 5. 
 Nerones, iv. 4. 28. 
 Nessus, Epode iii. 1 7. 
 Nestor, i. 15. 22. 
 Nilus, iii. 3. 48. 
 Niobe, iv. 6. 1. 
 Niphates, ii. 9. 20. 
 Nireus, iii. 20. 15. 
 Norici enses, i. 16. 9. 
 NumaPompilius, i. 12.34. 
 Numantia, [Almasan], ii. 
 
 12. 1. 
 
 Numida, P. i. 36. 3. 
 Numidia, iii. 11. 46. 
 Nymphae, i. 1. 31. 
 
 O 
 
 Olympus, i. 12. 58. 
 Opus, [Talandi], i. 27. 10. 
 Orcus, i. 28. 10. 
 Oricum, [Oreo], iii. 7. 5 
 Orion, ii. 13. 39. 
 Ornytus, iii. 9. 14. 
 Orpheus, i. 12. 8. 
 Otho, L. R. Epode iv. 16, 
 
 Pacorus, iii. 6. 9. 
 Pactolus, Epode xv. 20. 
 Padus, [Po. R.] Epode 
 
 xvi. 28. 
 Palmurus, [Palinuro 
 
 prom.] iii. 4. 28. 
 Pallas, iii. 12. 4. 
 Panaetius, i. 29. 14. 
 Panthoides, i. 28. 10. 
 Paphus, [Baffo], i. 30, 1. 
 Parcae, ii. 3. 15. 
 Paris, i. 15. 1. 
 Parium marmor, i. 19. 6. 
 Parrhasius, iv. 8. 6. 
 
298 
 
 INDEX OF PROPER NAMES. 
 
 Parthi, i. 2. 22. 
 Patara, iii. 4. 64. 
 Paulus, F. M. iv. 1. 10. 
 
 JErml. i. 12. 38. 
 
 Pegasus, i. 27. 24. 
 Peleus, iii. 7. 17. 
 Peligni, iii. 19. 8. 
 Pelius, \_Petrat. M.~\ iii. 
 
 4.52. 
 Pelops, i. 28. 7. 
 Penelope, i. 17.20. 
 Pentheus, ii. 19. 1. 
 Persae, i. 2. 22. 
 Pettius, Epode xi. 1. 
 Phaethon, i v. 11. 25. 
 Phalantus, ii. 6. 11. 
 Phidyle, iii. 23. 1. 
 Philippi, [Filippo], ii. 2. 9. 
 Philippus, iii. 16. 14. 
 Pholoe, i. 33. 7. 
 Phocaei, Epode xvi. 17. 
 Phraates, i. 26. 5. 
 Phryne, Epode xiv. 16. 
 Phyllis, ii. 4. 14. iv. 11.3. 
 Pieria, iii. 4. 40. 
 Pimplea, i. 26. 9. 
 Pindarus, iv. 2. 1. 
 Pindus, [Mezzovo M.], i. 
 
 12.6. 
 PIrithous, iii. 4. 80. 
 
 Plancus, M. i. 7.19. 
 Pluto, i. 4. 17. 
 Paenus uterque, ii. 2. 11. 
 Pollio,C.A. ii. 1. 1. 
 Pollux, i. 3. 2. 
 Polyhymnia, i. 1. 33. 
 Porphyrion, iii. 4. 54. 
 Postiimus, ii. 14. 1. 
 Praaneste, iii. 4. 23. 
 Priamus, iii. 3. 40. 
 Priapus, Epode ii. 21. 
 Proculeius, C. ii. 2. 5. 
 Proetus, iii. 7. 13. 
 Procne, iv. 12.5. 
 Prometheus, i. 3. 27. 
 Proserpina, i. 28. 20. 
 Pr5teus, i. 2. 7. 
 Pyrrha, i. 2. 6. i. 5. 3. 
 Pyrrhus, iii. 6. 35. iii. 20 . 
 
 2. 
 Pythagoras, i. 28. 10. 
 
 Q 
 
 Quirlnus, i. 2. 46. 
 
 R 
 
 Regulus, i. 12. 37. 
 Remus, Epode vii. 18. 
 Rhaeti, [Suabia, Grisons~] y 
 iv. 4. 1. 
 
INDEX OF PROPER NAMES. 
 
 299 
 
 Rhodonus, [Rhone R.] ii. 
 
 20. 20. 
 Rhode, iii. 19.27. 
 Rhodope, [DerventM.] iii. 
 
 25. 12. 
 Rhodus, [Rhodes], i. 7. 1. 
 Rhcetus, ii. 19. 23. 
 Romulus, i. 12. 33. 
 
 Sabaea, [Saba], i. 29. 1, 
 Sabinum vinum, i. 20. 1. 
 Sagana, Epode v. 25. 
 Sain, i. 36. 12. 
 Sallustius, C. ii. 2. 3. 
 Sappho, ii. 13.25. 
 Sardinia, i. 31. 4. 
 Saturnus, ii. 12. 8. 
 Satyri, i. 1.31. 
 Scamander, Epode xiii. 14. 
 Scauri, i. 12. 37. 
 Scipio P. Afr. iv. 8. 15. 
 Scopas, iv. 8. 6. 
 Scythae, i. 35. 9. iii. 24.9. 
 SeptimiusT. ii. 6. 1. 
 Seres, i. 29. 10. 
 Sextius L. i. 4. 14. 
 Sibyllini versus, C. S. 5. 
 Sidon,[£ai<fe], Epode xvi. 
 59. 
 
 Silvanus, Epode ii. 22. 
 Simois, Epode xiii. 14. 
 Sisyphus, ii. 14. 20. 
 Sl'thonia, i. 18. 9. 
 Soracte, i. 9. 2. 
 Spartacus, iii. 14. 19. 
 Stesichorus, iv. 9. 8. 
 Sthenelus, i. 15. 24. 
 Styx, i. 34. 10. 
 Subiira, Epode v. 58. 
 Sybaris, i. 8. 1. 
 Syrtes, i. 22. 5. 
 
 Taanarus, i. 34. 10. 
 Tanais, [Don R.] iii. 10.1. 
 Tantalus, i. 28. 7. 
 Tarentum, [Tarento], iii. 
 
 5. 56. 
 Tarquinius Priscus, i. 12. 
 
 35. 
 Tecmessa, ii. 4. 6. 
 Telegonus, iii. 28. 8. 
 Telephus, i. 13. 1. Epode 
 
 xvii. 8. 
 Tempe, i. 7. 4. 
 Teucer, i. 7. 21. 
 Thaliarchus, i. 9. 8. 
 Thebaa i. 7. 3. iv. 4. 63. 
 Thrace, ii. 16. 5. 
 
300 
 
 INDEX OF PROPER NAMES* 
 
 Thyestes, i. 16. 17. 
 Thylades, ii. 19. 9. 
 Thyni, iii. 7. 3. 
 Thyoneus, i. 17. 23. 
 73bens,[TfberR^ $ i.2.13. 
 Tiberius, iv. 14. 14. 
 
 Tibur ' Ur. is. 
 
 Tiburnus, j 
 Tiridates, i. 26. 5. 
 Tith5nus, i. 28. 8. ii. 16. 
 
 30. 
 Tityos, ii. 14. 8. 
 Tr5ilus, ii. 9. 16. 
 Tullus Hostilius, iv. 7. 15. 
 TuUus, L. V. iii. 8. 12. 
 Tusculum, \_Frascati~], iii. 
 
 29. 8. 
 Tydides, i. 6. 16. 
 Tyndaris,i. 17. 10. 
 Typhaeus, iii. 4. 53. 
 
 U 
 
 Ulysses, i. 15. 21 
 Ustica, i. 17. 11. 
 
 Valgius,T.R. ii. 9. 5. 
 Varius, i. 6. 1. 
 Vaticanus collis, i. 20. 7. 
 Veia, Epode v. 25. 
 Venafrum, [Venafri], ii, 
 
 6. 16. 
 Venus, i. 4. 5. 
 Vesta, i. 2. 16. 
 Vindelici, . [Bavaria], iv. 
 
 4. 1. 
 Vulcanus, i. 4. 8. 
 
 X 
 
 Xanthias Phoceus, ii. 4.2. 
 Xanthus, iv. 6. 26. 
 
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