HE 
 
 2T\io 
 

 
 , " - ' 5? 
 
 BANCROFT LIBRARY 
 
 806riz wivd 
 "A 'N 'asnDBJ^s 
 
* 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 >- N - !'i 
 
 \ 
 
 x: w 
 
 * 
 
 >< i 
 
 ve 
 
 * 
 
 * 
 
 t)b 
 
 Li_.. i i~ i 
 
 f 
 
 4 
 
 jfeS Rieofd Printing House, comer Third and J streets, Sacramento. y 
 
X 
 
 
 
5T2.0tr3 
 
 %mk 4 u 4tvM ifrmfc %xlt\ul ft 
 
 The Central Pacific Railroad Company of California was one of 
 the Companies authorized by Act of Congress to construct a railroad 
 from the Missouri river to the Pacific ocean a part of the Continental 
 railroad that extends from the Atlantic to the Pacific oceans. It was 
 empowered by Congress to construct its road eastward from the navi- 
 gable waters of the Sacramento river until it should meet and connect 
 with the Union Pacific Railroad. This connection was made near 
 Salt Lake. 
 
 The California and Oregon Railroad Company was authorized, 
 by Act of Congress, to construct a railroad northerly from a point on 
 the Central Pacific Railroad, in the Sacramento valley, until it should 
 meet and connect with the Oregon and California Railroad, which 
 runs South from Portland, Oregon. 
 
 The Central Pacific Railroad Company of California and the 
 California and Oregon Railroad Company, together with the Western 
 Pacific Railroad Company, were merged and consolidated into one 
 corporation, and a new name, " Central Pacific Railroad," given to 
 the consolidated company. 
 
 The completion of these railroads -was considered of such great 
 national importance that the Congress of the United States, for the 
 purpose of aiding in their construction, gave to each of the Companies 
 an extensive grant of land. 
 
[2] 
 
 As the grants are, in some respects, dissimilar in character, they 
 will be described separately. First, the lands given to the Central 
 Pacific Railroad of California (main line) ; and second, those granted 
 to the California and Oregon Railroad, or California and Oregon Di- 
 vision of C. P. R. R. 
 
 Lands of Central Pacific Railroad (main line). 
 
 Under the Pacific Railroad Acts of Congress, passed July 1st. 
 1862, and July 2d, 1864, there is granted to this Company every 
 alternate section of public land, designated by odd numbers, within 
 twenty miles on each side of its railroad, excepting, however, mineral 
 lands, and tracts to which pre-emption and homestead claims had 
 legally attached. This grant is equivalent to about twenty sections to 
 each mile of the road, and as the sections contain six hundred and 
 forty acres each, it amounts to twelve thousand eight hundred acres 
 per mile, less the exceptions above noted. On the reserved mineral 
 lands, the timber is granted to the Company. These Acts are in 
 terms a present grant, and are, therefore, a fuM. and perfect conveyance 
 from the original source of land titles, the National Government. 
 
 Mode by which Public Lands are Surveyed and Designated. 
 
 To persons not familiar with the public land system of the United 
 States, it may be necessary to make a brief explanation of the manner 
 in which they are surveyed, as, with an understanding of this, a defi- 
 nite idea will be had of the extent and situation of the Company's 
 grant of lands. 
 
 The United States causes its lands to be surveyed by its officers 
 into townships of six miles square; these townships are subdivided 
 into thirty-six sections of one square mile each or six hundred and 
 forty acres. Each section is again subdivided into four quarters of 
 one hundred and sixty acres each, and again into sixteen quarter- 
 quarter sections of forty acres each, which is the smallest quantity 
 sold, except fractions on the borders of rivers, lakes, etc. In making 
 these surveys in California, Mount Diablo, a prominent peak near the 
 junction of the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers, was selected as 
 the initial or starting point, from which four lines were run, two north 
 and south called the meridfan line, and two east and west called the 
 base line, and from these lines the several townships are surveyed . 
 those north and south being numbered from the base lines 1, 2, 3, etc., 
 north or south of the base line as the case may be, and those lying 
 
[3] 
 
 east and west described in the same way, as east or west of the me- 
 ridian line. Thus, the city of Sacramento is described as being in 
 township eight north, of range five east, of Mount Diablo base and 
 meridian ; that is, it is in the eighth tier of townships north of the 
 base line, and the fifth east of the meridian line. 
 
 The following is a plat showing the manner of subdividing and 
 numbering the sections in each township ; 
 
 T. 8 X., JR. 5 E. 
 
 -18- 
 
 -19- 
 
 -30- 
 
 -A- 
 
 -10- 
 
 
 -12- 
 
 -1;>- 
 
 -14- 
 
 -15- 
 
 -20- 
 
 -21- 
 
 -28- 
 
 ]_ 
 
 -20- 
 
 -32- 
 
 -33- 
 
 -34- 
 
 N 
 
 W 
 
 The Lands Granted to the Company. 
 
 From the Acts of Congress quoted, it will be seen that the Gov- 
 ernment has granted to the Company all the alternate sections desig- 
 nated by odd numbers, as 1, 3, 5, 7, etc., for twenty miles on each side 
 of the line of the road, that had not at the date of the grant been 
 otherwise disposed of by the Government ; thus, as before stated, for 
 each mile of road constructed it receives 12,800 acres. 
 
 Process by which Title is Acquired. 
 
 As each section of not less than twenty miles of the railroad is 
 completed and accepted by the Government, the Company makes a 
 list of the lands to which it is entitled lying within twenty miles on 
 either side of such completed section. This list, if found correct, is 
 duly certified by the proper United States Land Officers and forwarded 
 
[4] 
 
 to the Land Department at "Washington, where it is again examined. 
 Upon this the patent is issued and thus the title of the Company is 
 perfected. 
 
 Even Numbered Sections Retained by the Government. 
 
 The minimum price of ordinary public land is $1 25 per acre, or 
 $200 for a quarter section of one hundred and sixty acres, hut from 
 the fact that the construction of railroads increases the value of the 
 land in their vicinity, a general Act of Congress provides that when 
 the alternate sections are donated to aid in the construction of a rail- 
 road, the remaining ungranted sections are increased in price to the 
 " double minimum," or $2 50 per acre, so that the even numbered sec- 
 tions within the limits of the grant to this Company can only be pur- 
 chased at that price. 
 
 Character of Country through which the Road Passes. 
 
 The City of Sacramento, which is the western terminus of the 
 Central Pacific Railroad, is situated near the center of the great valley 
 of the Sacramento ; it is in latitude 38 31' north, and longitude 121 
 29' west. It is the Capital of the State of California, and has a popu- 
 lation of twenty-five thousand. From this city the general course of 
 the railroad is northeast,, over the river bottom and level prairie 
 lands, a distance of twenty-five miles ; at this point it meets the rolling 
 timber lands and low hills that lie at the base of the Sierra Nevada 
 mountains ; reaching one of the main spurs of the Sierras it ascends 
 to the Summit, a distance of one hundred and five miles from Sacra- 
 mento, and at an elevation of 7,042 feet above the sea. At the crest 
 of the mountains it passes through a tunnel and along the mountain 
 side to the bank of the Truckee river. This river is the outlet of Lake 
 Tahoe, whose surface is 6,247 feet above the sea; its waters flow 
 northeast and empty into Pyramid Lake, one of the lakes of the 
 Great American Basin, whose waters have no outlet to the ocean. 
 The road follows the banks of the Truckee river to the Big Bend of 
 the Truckee, a distance of one hundred and ninety miles from Sacra- 
 mento. From this point its course is northeast until it meets the 
 Humboldt river, which flows westward and also empties into the Great 
 Basin. It follows up the banks of the Humboldt river to its source, 
 and so on in the same general direction around the northern end of 
 the Great Salt Lake. 
 
 Alluvial or "Bottom" Lands. 
 From this statement of the route of the road it will be seen that 
 
[5] 
 
 the Company has every variety of land, situated in the different cli- 
 mates between semi-tropical and temperate. It has some bottom 
 lands that is, lands that are overflowed by the swelling of the rivers 
 and streams in Winter, and which are annually enriched by the 
 deposits brought down by the water from the mountains. Like the 
 valley of the Nile, they produce yearly unvarying large crops, the 
 deposit during each rainy season causing them to be inexhaustible in 
 their fertility. They yield every variety of garden and field veget- 
 able cultivated in a semi-tropical climate, including potatoes, onions, 
 cabbage, pumpkins, beets, tomatoes, peas, and the various small fruits. 
 Large tracts are annually planted with maize or Indian corn, of which 
 large crops are produced. Many farmers have cultivated tobacco, 
 which has always been found profitable. On these lands are also 
 grown large quantities of hops, from the cultivation of which many 
 persons have become wealthy. The hops produced are not excelled 
 by any known in the markets of the world. From the fact that it 
 never rains in this climate during the season they are maturing, they 
 lose no portion of the extractive principle for which they are used, 
 and are said by brewers and others who make use of them, to be from 
 ten to fifteen per cent, more valuable than those grown in climates 
 where there are Summer rains. Many plantations have been made 
 on these lands with mulberry trees, whicli thrive almost without culti- 
 vation. It is found that the climate of California is admirably adapted 
 to the silk worm, and that here it is not subject to the diseases that 
 affect it in Europe. The weaving of silk goods has been commenced 
 in California, and there are not as yet mulberry trees sufficient to 
 supply the yearly increase of silk worms. It is expected that in a 
 few years California will export silk. Many kinds of fruit are grown 
 on these lands, such as the pear, apple, plum, cherry and peach. The 
 largest peach orchards of the State are situated on " bottom lands." 
 
 Wheat, Grazing and Orchard Lands. 
 
 Within the railroad grant, above the bottom lands, and less than 
 twenty miles on each side of the road, and for the length of twenty 
 miles are the prairie lands. This is pre-eminently the wheat, grazing 
 and orchard section of the State. The land is level, without trees, or 
 with scattering and small groves of oak ; it has no underbrush, and 
 with the first rains of November is, without any preparation, ready 
 for the plow. If preserved from the herds of cattle and sheep, it 
 produces annually, without cultivation, large crops of native grasses 
 and wild oats, which make excellent hay. 
 
 The exports of wheat from California within the past few years 
 
have attracted the attention of the world. From July 1, 1871, to 
 January 1, 1872, there were exported, generally to the Eastern States 
 and Europe, from San Francisco 2,007,486 centals of wheat, divided 
 as follows : 
 
 231,919 barrels of flour, valued at ; $1,515,673 
 
 1,311,679 centals of wheat, valued at 3,178,980 
 
 Total value of wheat exports $4,694,653 
 
 Being the surplus over and above the amount required for home con- 
 sumption for a population of about 600,000. The shippers and best 
 informed business men estimate the probable wheat yield of the State 
 for this year (1872) at 7,000,000 centals. 
 
 The report of the Surveyor-General to the Legislature, shows that 
 for the year 1869-70, 1,263,010 acres were cultivated to wheat, from 
 which the product was 19,041,190 bushels, and 471,785 acres to barley, 
 from which the product was 9,045,225 bushels. The number of acres 
 cultivated and statistics of the product for this year have not, as yet, 
 been reported. 
 
 The greater part of these large quantities was produced in the 
 great valleys and on the prairie lands. The principal sales by the 
 Railroad Company have, thus far, been of this class of its lands, over 
 125,000 acres having been sold. There still remains unsold of the 
 same kind of land quantities sufficient to support a population of 
 50,000. These prairie lands, in addition to producing wheat and 
 other cereals, are perhaps the best in the State for general farming 
 and orchards. All kinds of fruit that will grow in a semi-tropical or 
 temperate climate thrive on these lands, including the almond, olive, 
 pomegranate, plum, pear and apple, as well as many of the nut-bear- 
 ing trees. They are also well adapted for grazing and dairy purposes. 
 The native grasses start after- the first Winter rains of December and 
 grow to June, when they dry to hay in the rainless Summer and re- 
 main standing upon the ground until the rains of the following year. 
 Farmers, therefore, are not required to cut and save hay for their dairy 
 cattle, except for the short period between the early rains and the 
 springing up of the new grass. 
 
 Grazing Lands and Sheep Ranges. 
 
 Still going east along the line of the railroad, after leaving the 
 prairie lands, the road passes over about twenty-five miles of rolling 
 lands and low hills. These contain groves of oak trees, and many 
 tracts are heavily timbered. In the more elevated regions of this 
 
section the oaks are intermixed with pines. The land m this section 
 not only produces wheat and barley, but will, if not cultivated or too 
 closely grazed, produce the native wild oats, which were found grow- 
 ing upon them at the time the Americans took possession of the coun- 
 try. Among these hills are grazed large herds of cattle, horses arid 
 sheep. At a distance of twenty-five miles from Sacramento, on the 
 line of the railroad and within a distance of fifteen miles on each side, 
 as many as seventy-five thousand sheep are grazed throughout the 
 year. No hay is cut or saved for these sheep, or if any is given them 
 it is for the short period after the first rains in December, before the 
 springing up of the new grass. The best sheep ranges of the State 
 are in this section ; the wild oats and native grasses are nutritious and 
 abundant ; the groves of oaks afford shade from the heat of the mid- 
 summer sun, and the numerous streams flowing through these hills 
 give a plentiful supply of water. 
 
 Wool. 
 See page 21 of this pamphlet. 
 
 Vineyard Lands. 
 
 The success that in California has followed the cultivation of the 
 European grape, has led to the planting of numerous vineyards. After 
 an experience of eighteen years, the fact has been demonstrated that 
 in no place do the various kinds of European grapes, both for wine 
 and the table, thrive so well and produce such excellent qualities of 
 wine and table fruit, as on the hills that lie at the base of the Sierras. 
 The soil is composed of the worn down particles of granite, quartz and 
 slate, intermixed with lime from the numerous strata of limestone that 
 traverse the mountains. Since the European grape was cultivated in 
 this State and there are vineyards planted by the Jesuit missionaries 
 that are ninety years oldno instance has been known of a failure of 
 the grape crop. There are no frosts' to injure it at the time it is in 
 blossom, and no rain to injure the fruit during the period of ripening. 
 Some of the largest vineyards in the State are on lands that have been 
 purchased from the. Railroad Company ; many of them producing 
 from two to ten thousand gallons of wine annually, and in one in- 
 stance producing yearly over forty thousand gallons. More than two 
 hundred varieties of the grape have been imported from France, Spain, 
 Germany and Hungary, and been propagated in California. Every 
 variety that is grown in Europe succeeds well in this soil and climate, 
 and bears more abundantly than in its native home. 
 
 The usual manner of planting vineyards in California, is to plow 
 
L8] 
 
 the land thoroughly immediately after the early rains of December ; 
 holes are then dug with a spade, eight feet from each other, in rows ; 
 in these holes are planted cuttings, or one year old rooted vines. Cut- 
 tings can be obtained for a trifle, and often without cost, of the kind 
 of grapes most cultivated, at any of the vineyards during the season 
 of pruning January and February. Oue year old rooted vines can 
 be purchased for four or five dollars per hundred. The vines are 
 planted eight feet from each other for the purpose of working among 
 them with a one-horse cultivator ; and as laborers are scarce in Cali- 
 fornia, this and all other branches of agriculture are most economically 
 conducted, by substituting the labor of animals for that of man. If 
 the vineyard has been planted with cuttings, an average of from ten 
 to fifteen per cent, fail to take root, and these have to be replanted the 
 following year. If rooted vines are planted, not to exceed two or three 
 per cent, will fail to grow. Each year the vines have to be pruned 
 and the vineyard plowed ; the vineyard should also be cultivated in 
 May or June to kill the weeds. The third year the vines will com- 
 mence bearing, and increase in quantity each year for a great many 
 years. It has been estimated that the average annual production of 
 all the vineyards in the State, of five years old and upwards, is one 
 thousand gallons of wine to the acre. The process of making wine is 
 as simple as that of making cider. The grapes when ripe are pressed, 
 and their juice poured into clean casks, where it is left to ferment. 
 In 1871, as shown by the report of the Surveyor-General, there were 
 made in California three million seven hundred and ninety-five thou- 
 sand seven hundred and twenty-nine gallons of wine, and one hundred 
 and fifty-seven thousand nine hundred and forty-six gallons of brandy. 
 
 Raisins. 
 
 A considerable industry has lately been developed in California ; 
 that is the cultivation of the raisin grape and the manufacture of 
 raisins. The process of converting the grapes into raisins is so simple 
 that it can be done by children ! When the grapes are ripe, the 
 bunches are cut and spread upon boards, in the sun, and turned each 
 day until cured ; after which, they are boxed and forwarded to market. 
 Some vineyardists, in addition to making large quantities of wine and 
 brandy, have each year also made thirty thousand pounds of raisins. 
 Of the unsold lands of the Kailroad Company there are, at least, 
 75,000 acres suitable for vineyards. 
 
 i. Valley Lands Among the Hills. 
 
 Ascending the Sierras, and above the vineyard lands, the oaks 
 
[9] 
 
 give place to dense forests of pines, firs and cedars. In the valleys of 
 these hills are numerous farms and dairies, as well as sheep ranges. In 
 these valleys all the fruits of the temperate climates are cultivated 
 with remarkable success. The principal field crops of this region are 
 barley, potatoes, turnips and hay. 
 
 Timber Lands. 
 
 The pine forests of these hills, in quantity and in the quality of 
 lumber made, are hardly excelled on the North American Continent. 
 They give employment to many saw mills and a large number of men. 
 The construction of the railroad through this region has cheapened 
 the price of lumber, and in a large measure stopped its importation 
 from other States. A large feature in the business of the railroad, is 
 the transportation to the valleys of lumber for building and fences. 
 The average price in the valleys for lumber for fences, since the con- 
 struction of the railroad through the pine forests, is from eighteen to 
 twenty dollars per thousand feet. In a few years, when branch rail- 
 roads shall have reached the vast mineral region of the treeless inte- 
 rior of the continent, these inexhaustible forests will support a large 
 population of men engaged in felling trees and manufacturing lumber. 
 Of timber lands and valleys among the hills, of the timber region, 
 there remain unsold lands to which the Company is entitled 
 amounting to at least five hundred thousand acres. 
 
 Dairy Lands of the Mountains. 
 
 Among the higher ranges of the mountains are extensive and 
 numerous valleys that produce nutritious and luxuriant grasses, which 
 are extensively grazed by large and numerous herds of cattle and 
 sheep during the Summer and Autumn months. The amount of but- 
 ter and cheese that is sent to market from these valleys is yearly in- 
 increasing. The quantity of butter made in this State in 1870-71, 
 was 4,419,627 pounds, and of cheese, 5,488,266 pounds, not nearly 
 sufficient to supply the demand ; and as yet large quantities are im- 
 ported. 
 
 Mines and Quarries. 
 
 The railroad passes through the entire length of Placer county, 
 one of the principal gold mining counties of California. Lands con- 
 taining gold and silver are not included in the grant to the Company. 
 All the lands in the mineral region are not what are denominated 
 mineral lands. The mineral lands are a very small proportion of the 
 area, even in the strictly mineral regions. Lands containing coal and 
 
[ iol 
 
 iron are not deemed mineral lands. Near the line of the road are ex- 
 tensive beds of iron ore, said to be valuable, but none of which have 
 yet been worked. The granite quarries near the road are numerous, 
 and those that have been opened give employment to a large number 
 of men. Nearly all the granite now being used in the State, includ- 
 ing that used by the Government for fortifications, by the State for 
 its Capitol, and for the bulkhead in the harbor of San Francisco, as 
 well as for street and building purposes, is from quarries on lands pur- 
 chased from the Company. 
 
 Lands .belonging to the Company containing limestone, with an 
 abundance of oak and pine wood on the same, are to be found at vari- 
 ous points near the line of the road, within a distance of forty miles 
 from Sacramento. Many of these quarries have been opened, and 
 large quantities of lime are transported by the railroad to Sacramento, 
 and from this point distributed over the State. White and variegated 
 marble, for building and ornamental purposes, have been discovered 
 at several points, and work has been commenced in opening the quar- 
 ries and forwarding the product to market. 
 
 G-razing and "Bottom" Lands in Nevada. 
 
 The railroad passes through the whole length of the valley of the 
 Humboldt, in the State of Nevada. On the banks of the Humboldt 
 river, and on the banks of the streams that flow into this river, are 
 extensive tracts of bottom land that are being successfully cultivated. 
 The hills in this section of the country are covered with bunch and 
 other grasses, which support large herds of cattle and sheep, and 
 within the past year the San Francisco market has been largely sup- 
 plied with beef fattened on the natural grasses of these hills. Settle- 
 ment has but commenced on these lands, and the Company has at least 
 one million acres of them yet unsold. 
 
 Estimated Population the Lands will Support. 
 
 From what has been stated, it will be seen that the Railroad Com- 
 pany has every variety of land for sale, including alluvial, bottom, 
 prairie, grazing, wheat and vineyard lands, as well as lands covered 
 with forests of oak and pine, and containing iron ore, granite, lime- 
 stone and marble. It has been estimated that the lands of the Com- 
 pany, remaining unsold, will support a population of one and a half 
 million, while the estimated present population within the limits of 
 the railroad reservation does not exceed 30,000. 
 
[41] 
 
 Markets. 
 
 There jet remain large quantities of land to be sold, within dis- 
 tances from five to ten miles from railroad stations. There are also 
 many towns and villages at various points within the reservation, and 
 at various distances from the line of the road, so that a purchaser has 
 no difficulty in finding land in the immediate vicinity of schools, 
 stores, blacksmith and wagon shops. The farmer cultivating these 
 lands has a choice among three markets in which to dispose of his 
 productions. He can send them to the cities and towns in his imme- 
 diate neighborhood ; to the gold mining regions of California, or to 
 the silver bearing regions of JSPevada. Wheat, barley, and various 
 other crops, can always be sold on the land where produced to the 
 agents of millmen and shippers, who traverse the country for the pur- 
 pose of making purchases. 
 
 Stations on the Line of the Road. 
 
 The following table shows the various stations on the line of the 
 road, at which the cars stop and discharge and receive passengers and 
 freight, as also the distance of these stations from San Francisco, and 
 their elevation above the sea : 
 
 Names op Stations. 
 
 Total Distance 
 
 from 
 San Francisco. 
 
 S 
 
 < 
 
 a 
 
 r a 
 
 1 
 
 5 
 
 San Francisco 
 
 
 .3 
 6 
 
 8 
 11 
 15 
 26 
 47 
 29 
 41 
 47 
 55 
 63 
 69 
 74 
 81 
 91 
 103 
 112 
 
 
 
 Oakland Wharf 
 
 
 
 Oakland 
 
 11 
 
 Brooklvn 
 
 12 
 
 Melrose 
 
 18 
 
 San Leandro 
 
 49 
 
 Decoto 
 
 72 
 
 San Jose 
 
 91 
 
 Niles 
 
 87 
 
 Pleasanton 
 
 351 
 
 Livermore 
 
 485 
 
 Altamont 
 
 740 
 
 Midway 
 
 357 
 
 Ellis..' 
 
 76 
 
 Bantas 
 
 30 
 
 Lathrop 
 
 26 
 
 Stockton t 
 
 23 
 
 Mokelumne 
 
 55 
 
 Gait 
 
 50 
 
[12] 
 
 Names op Stations. 
 
 Total Distance 
 
 from 
 San Francisco. 
 
 5* 
 
 < 
 
 * 5- 
 
 -. - 
 
 a o 
 1 
 
 a 
 
 123 
 
 53 
 
 133 
 
 51 
 
 138 
 
 30 
 
 141 
 
 52 
 
 145 
 
 55 
 
 153 
 
 154 
 
 156 
 
 163 
 
 160 
 
 249 
 
 162 
 
 403 
 
 169 
 
 970 
 
 174 
 
 1,363 
 
 180 
 
 187 
 
 1,759 
 
 2,289 
 
 192 
 196 
 202 
 205 
 
 2,421 
 2,692 
 3,206 
 3,403 
 
 206 
 211 
 213 
 216 
 221 
 
 3,612 
 4,154 
 4,411 
 4,678 
 5,230 
 
 230 
 233 
 237 
 
 5,939 
 6,191 
 6,520 
 
 243 
 
 246 
 257 
 
 7,017 
 6,781 
 5,846 
 
 265 
 
 276 
 
 5,533 
 5,138 
 
 281 
 292 
 300 
 312 
 
 4,927 
 4,507 
 4,404 
 4,263 
 
 327 
 329 
 
 4,077 
 4,155 
 
 335 
 346 
 354 
 
 4,017 
 4,070 
 4,199 
 
 361 
 
 3,894 
 
 372 
 
 3,925 
 
 379 
 
 3,918 
 
 389 
 400 
 
 3,977 
 4,183 
 
 Elk Grove 
 
 Brighton 
 
 Sacramento 
 
 American River Bridge 
 
 Arcade 
 
 Antelope 
 
 Junction 
 
 Rocklin 
 
 Pino 
 
 Newcastle 
 
 Auburn 
 
 Clipper Gap 
 
 New England Mills 
 
 Colfax 
 
 Cape Horn , 
 
 Gold Run 
 
 Dutch Flat , 
 
 Alta 
 
 Shady Run 
 
 China Ranch 
 
 Blue Canon 
 
 Emigrant Gap 
 
 Cisco 
 
 Tamarack 
 
 Cascade 
 
 Summit 
 
 Strong's 
 
 Truckee '. . . . 
 
 Boca 
 
 State Line 
 
 Yerdi 
 
 Reno 
 
 y ista 
 
 Clark's 
 
 Wadsworth 
 
 Two-Mile Station 
 
 Desert 
 
 Hot Springs 
 
 Mirage 
 
 White Plains 
 
 Browns 
 
 Granite Point 
 
 Lovelock's 
 
 Oreana 
 
[13] 
 
 Names of Stations. 
 
 Rye Patch 
 
 Humboldt 
 
 Mill City 
 
 Raspberry 
 
 Rose Creek 
 
 Winnemucca. . . . 
 
 Tule 
 
 Golconda 
 
 Iron Point 
 
 Stone House 
 
 Battle Mountain. 
 
 Argenta 
 
 Shoshone 
 
 Be-o-wa-we 
 
 Cluro 
 
 Palisade 
 
 Carlin 
 
 Moleen 
 
 Elko 
 
 Peko 
 
 Halleck 
 
 Deeth 
 
 Tulasco 
 
 Wells 
 
 Moore's 
 
 Independence . . . 
 
 Otego 
 
 Pequop 
 
 Toano 
 
 Montello 
 
 Tecoma 
 
 Lucin 
 
 Bovine 
 
 Terrace 
 
 Matlin 
 
 Ombey 
 
 Kelton 
 
 Monument 
 
 Lake 
 
 Promontory. . . . 
 Blue Creek .... 
 
 Corinne 
 
 Brigham 
 
 Bonneville 
 
 Ogden 
 
 411 
 
 422 
 
 433 
 
 441 
 
 451 
 
 462 
 
 468 
 
 479 
 
 490 
 
 502 
 
 522 
 
 534 
 
 545 
 
 555 
 
 563 
 
 573 
 
 583 
 
 594 
 
 606 
 
 626 
 
 630 
 
 642 
 
 654 
 
 661 
 
 669 
 
 676 
 
 688 
 
 689 
 
 698 
 
 715 
 
 724 
 
 734 
 
 747 
 
 757 
 
 768 
 
 778 
 
 790 
 
 804 
 
 812 
 
 828 
 
 838 
 
 857 
 
 862 
 
 871 
 
 881 
 
[14] 
 
 Schools Education. 
 
 Every sixteenth and thirty-sixth section of land, or one-eighteenth 
 of all the land in the State was given by Congress to the State to be 
 6old and the proceeds applied to the support of public schools. In 
 addition to this, Congress gave to California five hundred thousand 
 acres of land for purposes of internal improvement ; the proceeds of 
 the sales of these lands are also devoted by the State Constitution to 
 public education. The interest on the money derived from the sales 
 of these lands, as also an annual tax levied on all property, are an- 
 nually distributed to all the school districts in the State. Whenever, 
 in a neighborhood, a sufficient number of children can be gathered to 
 form a school, it becomes entitled to support at the public expense. 
 The public free schools of California are the pride of its people, and 
 are not excelled by those of any of the new States. No child need 
 lack an education because of the poverty of its parents ; the State 
 provides free education, and establishes schools in every neighborhood. 
 Every increase of population but adds to the demand for the State's 
 land, and thus increases the fund to be applied to the support of 
 public schools. The foregoing also applies to the State of Nevada. 
 
 Climate. 
 
 Our climate is similar to that of Spain, Italy and the south of 
 Europe. The greater part of California is within the limits of the 
 influence of the trade winds. There is no rain in Summer, from May 
 until November. The period from November till May is called the 
 rainy season, for in the great valleys and the lower hills at the base of 
 the Sierras this season cannot be called Winter. In the valleys the 
 average annual fall of rain is twenty-five inches ; this gradually in- 
 creases, as the slopes of the mountains are ascended, to sixty inches. 
 During the twenty-two years the Sacramento valley has been inhabited 
 by Americans, snow has covered the ground but twice, and this had 
 disappeared by the noon of the day on which it fell. The rainless 
 Summers give every facility to the farmer in gathering his crops ; the 
 hay is cut and left to cure on the ground as it fell from the mowing 
 machine ; the wheat or barley is cut and permitted to remain for days 
 or weeks before it is gathered and threshed, with the certainty that 
 there will be no rain to injure it. Plowing and the sowing of grain 
 commence with the first rains, in November or December, and by the 
 first week in June the crop is ripe. Grapes ripen, the earlier kinds in 
 July, the latest by the last week in October. In the valleys the heat 
 of the midsummer sun is oppressive at noon, but the mornings, even- 
 ings and nights are cool and bracing. There are no prevalent diseases. 
 
[ 16] 
 
 In some of the low lands, overflowed by the rivers, and in placed 
 where the reservoirs for the supply of water to the miners are con- 
 stantly emptied and refilled, exposing the bottom to the sun, there 
 are, in the Autumn, some forms of miasmatic disease. The prairie 
 land, the rolling lands and hills, as well as the mountains and valleys 
 among the mountains, are free from any peculiar disease, and their 
 climate is considered conducive to health, especially to persons of weak 
 lungs. 
 
 Counties in which the Company Owns Lands Agricultural 
 Productions, Etc. 
 
 The Railroad Company has lands for sale lying in the counties of 
 Sacramento, Placer, El Dorado, Sutter and Nevada, of California, and 
 in many counties in the State of Nevada. Of these five counties in 
 California, where large quantities of land have already been sold by 
 the Company, the clearest exhibit of their soil and climate, and of 
 their varied agricultural productions, will be made by the following 
 statistics, taken from the sworn returns of the Assessors of these 
 counties to the Surveyor-General of the State for the years 1869-70 
 and 1870-71. In these counties there were in those years : 
 
 1869-70. 
 
 1870-71. 
 
 Acres inclosed 
 
 Acres cultivated 
 
 Wheat 
 
 Barley 
 
 Oats 
 
 Rye 
 
 Indian Corn 
 
 Buckwheat 
 
 Potatoes 
 
 Sweet Potatoes 
 
 Onions 
 
 Beans 
 
 Peanuts 
 
 Castor Oil Beans 
 
 Hops 
 
 Butter 
 
 Cheese 
 
 Honey 
 
 Woof 
 
 Turnips 
 
 Squashes and Pumpkins 
 
 Beets 
 
 Hay 
 
 605,714 
 
 199,880 
 
 1,057,858 
 
 1,096,951 
 
 30,278 
 
 1,159 
 
 84,202 
 
 250 
 
 71,115 
 
 78,882 
 
 42,915 
 
 18,676 
 
 8.260 
 
 281,934 
 
 479,112 
 
 48,650 
 
 40,613 
 
 435,457 
 
 119 
 
 2,679 
 
 295 
 
 46,490 
 
 670,457 
 
 235,424 
 
 848,190 
 
 1,069,106 
 
 43,843 
 
 5,048 
 
 107,035 
 
 1,536 
 
 109,379 
 
 134,117 
 
 26,473 
 
 14,770 
 
 18,460 
 
 13,000 
 
 274,400 
 
 434,191 
 
 92,408 
 
 25,797 
 
 534,433 
 
 169 
 
 2,749 
 
 272 
 
 58,503 
 
 Bushels. 
 
 
 it 
 
 M 
 
 a 
 a 
 a 
 a 
 a 
 a 
 
 Pounds. 
 
 a 
 
 u 
 ti 
 
 a 
 
 a 
 
 u 
 
 Tons. 
 
 u 
 
 U 
 
 a 
 
[ ] 
 
 1869-70. 
 
 1870-71. 
 
 Horses 
 
 Mules 
 
 Cows 
 
 Calves 
 
 Beef Cattle 
 
 Oxen ... 
 
 Sheep , 
 
 Angora and Cashmere Goats 
 
 Hogs 
 
 Domestic Fowls 
 
 Hives of Bees 
 
 Apple Trees 
 
 Peach " 
 
 Pear " 
 
 Plum " 
 
 Cherry " 
 
 Nectarine" 
 
 Quince " 
 
 Apricot " 
 
 Fig 
 
 Lemon " .... 
 
 Orange " 
 
 Olive 
 
 Prune " 
 
 Mulberry " 
 
 Almond kC 
 
 Walnut " 
 
 Raspberry and Gooseberry Bushes. 
 
 Strawberry Vines 
 
 Grape Vines 
 
 Wine 
 
 Brandy 
 
 Steam Grist Mills 
 
 " " Run of Stones.. 
 Water-power Grist Mills 
 
 M " " Run of Stones.. 
 
 Flour 
 
 Indian Corn made into Meal 
 
 Saw Mills, Steam 
 
 " " Water 
 
 Lumber sawed 
 
 Shingles 
 
 Broom Corn 
 
 19,591 
 
 1,469 
 
 17,611 
 
 12,361 
 
 14,197 
 
 1,750 
 
 170,574 
 
 1,224 
 
 32,251 
 
 105,917 
 
 3,777 
 
 249,532 
 
 180,528 
 
 55,033 
 
 49,623 
 
 9,715 
 
 6,906 
 
 8,077 
 
 16,035 
 
 9,763 
 
 191 
 
 240 
 
 165 
 
 1,028 
 
 542,630 
 
 3,709 
 
 8,680 
 
 96,719 
 
 665,210 
 
 4,048,279 
 
 406,843 
 
 22,703 
 
 6 
 
 26 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 244,500 
 
 19,000 
 
 56 
 
 19 
 
 60.940,000 
 
 32,224,000 
 
 198 
 
 22,137 
 
 1,428 
 
 20,796 
 
 15,103 
 
 19,277 
 
 1,365 
 
 171,840 
 
 2,715 
 
 38,005 
 
 156,542 
 
 4,052 
 
 282,840 
 
 196,734 
 
 72,318 
 
 45,123 
 
 18,595 
 
 10,014 
 
 8,344 
 
 19,733 
 
 10,960 
 
 651 
 
 792 
 
 226 
 
 1,892 
 
 475,254 
 
 8,205 
 
 23,338 
 
 128,182 
 
 867,352 
 
 5,129,481 
 
 534,684 
 
 14,371 
 
 6 
 
 26 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 259,400 
 
 21,500 
 
 56 
 
 24 
 
 61,671,620 
 
 12,955,000 
 
 1,144 
 
 Gallons. 
 
 u 
 
 Barrels. 
 
 Bushels. 
 
 Feet. 
 Acres. 
 
 The official returns for this year (1872) are largely in increase on 
 almost every article produced, in consequence of the growth of pop- 
 ulation by immigration, and the greater breadth of land cultivated. 
 
[17] 
 
 How Lands are Sold. 
 The price fixed by the Company for the best class of agricultural, 
 wheat, orchard, dairy and vineyard lands, is from $2 50 upwards per 
 acre, according to quality and location ; oak wood land $5 00 per acre, 
 and first-class pine timber land $10 00 per acre. With a desire on 
 the part of the Company to dispose of its lands to men who will cul- 
 tivate the soil, it sells its agricultural lands on a credit of five years if 
 desired, the purchaser paying at the time of the purchase twenty per 
 cent, of the principal, and the remainder bearing interest at ten per 
 cent, per annum. Oak and pine lands are required to be paid for at 
 the time of purchase. At the Land Office of the Company in Sacra- 
 mento are maps showing the route of the road, the counties through 
 which it passes, the rivers and streams that flow through the land, and 
 the United States surveys designating the lands granted to the Com- 
 pany and those retained by the Government; also the towns, villages 
 and settlements within the railroad grant. A person desiring to pur- 
 chase is directed to points near the line of the road, where he can ex- 
 amine the kind of land desired. After selecting the land, if he wishes 
 to pay for it in full at the time of purchase he can do so, and takes a fee- 
 simple deed under the United States patent. A purchaser from the 
 Company can buy any quantity of land, or as many sections as he 
 may desire, but, as has been explained, each odd section being sur- 
 rounded by four even numbered sections, which are retained by Gov- 
 ernment for settlers, no compact body of land can be sold of greater 
 extent than one section of 640 acres. Supposing the purchaser desires 
 to buy a quarter section a tract of half a mile square, contain- 
 ing 160 acres and that he wishes this land on the credit allowed by 
 the Company; 160 acres, say at $2 50 per acre, would be $400; 
 twenty per cent, of $400 is $80 ; he would pay this $80 to the Com- 
 pany, leaving $320 due ; on this he would pay interest at ten. per 
 cent., or $32 per year for five years, payable yearly in advance. At 
 the time of making the payment of $80 and the first year's interest, 
 he would receive a contract for a deed from the Company, signed in 
 duplicate by him and the officers of the Company, in which he v\ ould 
 agree to pay the yearly interest and the balance due at the end of five 
 years, and the company agreeing on its part to give him a fee simple 
 deed when the balance was paid. At any time the purchaser desires, 
 he is allowed to pay the balance due and take his deed, thus stopping 
 the payment of interest ; the Company will not, however, receive it 
 in instalments. Practically but few t persons avail themselves of the 
 five years : credit, although purchases are frequently made on credit, 
 yet in most instances by the second or third year they are enabled, 
 2 
 
[ 18] 
 
 from the sale of their crops, to pay the remainder due and receive their 
 final deeds. 
 
 Applications for Lands and Privileges gained thereby.- 
 
 (For full information on this subject, see page 23 of this pamphlet.) 
 
 G-rading Lands and Manner of Ascertaining their Value. 
 (See page 24 of this pamphlet.) 
 
 Advantages to the Purchaser of Railroad Lands. 
 
 The purchasers of railroad lauds have many advantages over 
 those purchasing from the Government, some of which can be best 
 explained by stating the mode in which the Government disposes of its 
 public lands the even numbered sections within the railroad reser- 
 vation. A person, to acquire title from the Government by pre-emp- 
 tion, must first go upon the land, commence its cultivation and erect 
 a dwelling house ; he then files in the United States Land Office his 
 " declaratory statement ;" that is, a document setting forth that he has 
 selected a certain piece of land, describing it, together with the date 
 of his settlement, the fact that he is a citizen or has legally declared 
 his intention to become a citizen, his age, etc. After three months he 
 must appear at the United States Land office, with two witnesses, 
 where a trial is had and proof made on oath before the Land Officers 
 that he has complied with all the provisions of the pre-emption law. If 
 the law has been complied with he then pays $2 50 per acre and a 
 receipt is given him ; in a year or two a patent is received and he re- 
 turns his receipt and obtains the patent for his land. No man can 
 obtain from the Government, by pre-emption, more than 160 acres of 
 land, and having received this, his privilege is exhausted. 
 
 There is one other way by which a person can obtain lands from 
 the Government on even numbered sections within the railroad res- 
 ervation and that is by filing a homestead claim on eighty acres. As 
 in the case of pre-emption, he must erect a dwelling, live on and cul- 
 tivate the land ; he must then file in the United States Land Office his 
 declaration of homestead, setting forth substantially the same facts as 
 in the case of pre-emption. On the day he files, he receives a home- 
 stead certificate. If he continues to live on the land and cultivates it 
 for five years from the day of filing, he can, after that time, make 
 proof of the facts as in the case of pre-emption, and if the law has 
 been complied with he returns his certificate, and in time will receive 
 a patent without other expense, except the fees of the officers and the 
 fees of an attorney, if necessary that one should be employed. A 
 

 t 19] 
 
 pre-emption cannot be for more than 160 acres, nor a homestead for 
 more than 80 acres on Government land within the railroad reserva- 
 tion. Neither the pre-emption nor homestead can be abandoned, sold, 
 mortgaged or leased until after the patent is issued. On the other 
 hand, the purchaser from the railroad is not limited as to quantity, 
 and when the money is paid and the deed issued, he can do as he 
 pleases with the land it is his in fee simple. There are no compli- 
 cated laws or rules he selects his land, pays for it and takes a deed, 
 or buys on credit and takes a contract for a deed, which is assignable. 
 In either case he does with the land as he deems proper he may sell, 
 lease, reside on the land, or reside elsewhere, or he may let it remain 
 to increase in value, by the settlement of the country about it. Many 
 purchasers of railroad lands do not build upon the land purchased, 
 but erect their dwellings upon the adjoining even sections, thus taking 
 advantage of the privilege granted by Government, and obtaining in 
 one body a larger tract than could otherwise be acquired. 
 
 Policy of the Company in the Sale of its Lands. 
 
 The policy of the Company is, and has always been, to sell its 
 lands at low prices, and upon easy terms of payment. Its Directors 
 believe its best interests are promoted by selling its lands near the line 
 of the road to men who will personally cultivate the soil, and who 
 will own the land they cultivate. Any man coming to California, 
 who can and will labor, may be certain of employment, and if he so 
 desires, he can, w r ith the proceeds of seven months' labor, become the 
 owner of eighty acres of the finest wheat land in the world, in a cli- 
 mate that for salubrity has no equal ; in a State where all children are 
 educated in free schools at the public expense, and where slavery 
 never had existence ; among a people who honor labor, and whose 
 laws give ample protection to life and property. 
 
 General Remarks. 
 
 The information contained in the following pages regarding the 
 lands of the California and Oregon Division of the Central Pacific 
 Railroad, and the remarks concerning " Markets," " Wool," " Policy 
 of the Company," "Grading of Lands," "Applications," etc., may be 
 considered as applying also to these lands. The Central Pacific Kail- 
 road Company has adopted a uniform system for the sale of all the 
 lands under its control. 
 
 All communications in relation to the lands of the Company, if 
 addressed to B. B. Redding, Land Agent Central Pacific Railroad 
 Company, Sacramento, California, will be promptly answered. 
 
[20] 
 
 Lands of Central Pacific Railroad. 
 
 California and Oregon Division. 
 
 Under the Act of Congress, approved July 25th, 1866, the Cali- 
 fornia and Oregon Railroad Company has a grant of lands from the 
 United States, consisting of all vacant odd numbered sections within 
 twenty miles on each side of its road, and where the odd numbered 
 sections have been taken up by preemption or otherwise, the Com- 
 pany has the right to select other vacant odd numbered sections as 
 indemnity, within thirty miles on each side of its line. This road 
 commences at Roseville, in Placer county, California, on the line of 
 the Central Pacific Railroad, and extends north by way of Marysville, 
 in Yuba county, through Chico, in Butte county, to Red Bluff, in Te- 
 hama county, and so on north through Shasta and Siskiyou counties 
 to the State of Oregon. This road is now completed to Redding, in 
 Shasta county, and is being rapidly extended. 
 
 The route of this road is nearly parallel to the general course of 
 the Sacramento river, and its grant embraces some of the finest bot- 
 tom lands of the Sacramento valley. 
 
 The grant lies in the counties of Placer, Sutter, Yolo, Yuba, 
 Butte, Colusa, Tehama, Shasta, Plumas and Siskiyou. 
 
 The lands are diversified in character, consisting of plains, allu- 
 vial bottoms, rolling prairie, low hills and mountains. 
 
 The plains and rolling prairie contain large quantities of rich 
 agricultural lands, adapted to the growing of wheat and other cereals, 
 which, when properly cultivated, yield most abundantly ; also, to the 
 culture of grapes, apples, peaches, apricots, plums, nectarines, and 
 other fruits, which are produced in endless variety, of most excellent 
 quality and in large quantities. The portions not suitable for farm- 
 ing purposes are covered with wild oats, bunch grass, and a variety of 
 other grasses, affording rich and abundant pasturage. 
 
 The alluvial bottoms in the Sacramento valley, as also in the 
 smaller valleys of the tributaries of the Sacramento river, are very 
 rich. Here is a broad scope of the best grain growing lands in this 
 State. Almost every species of agricultural productions can be raised 
 on these lands. Here can be made large and prolific gardens, orchards 
 
[21 ] 
 
 and vineyards. The pastures on the low lands for cows are rich, green 
 and succulent, giving opportunity for profitable employment in mak- 
 ing cheese and butter. Swine thrive and fatten on the tule roots 
 growing on the low lands, which, furnishing a cheap and nutritious 
 food, enables the farmer to raise these animals with but little expense. 
 
 The low hills furnish also pasturage of excellent quality for sheep 
 and cattle, while for the culture of grapes and fruits .of almost every 
 kind, the soil is unsurpassed. Nearly all the grapes from which wine 
 is made in California are grown in the foot-hills. 
 
 The mountainous districts contain a heavy growth of coniferous 
 forests, comprising sugar and yellow pine, red spruce, cedar, fir, etc., 
 also a heavy growth of oak timber. There are many fertile and well 
 sheltered valleys and mountain meadows, admirably suited for agri- 
 cultural and grazing purposes. Most of these valleys are covered 
 with a luxuriant growth of natural grasses, the adjacent mountains in 
 very many places also affording much pasturage. The greater part 
 of these lands are generally well watered. 
 
 Markets. 
 
 There is always a ready market for all farm and agricultural pro- 
 ducts at Marysville, Sacramento, San Francisco, and in the towns and 
 villages of the mining districts. 
 
 "Wool. 
 
 Among these lands are some of the best sheep ranges in the 
 world. In 1869 the product of wool in California was 18,000,000 
 pounds. In 1870 it was about 20,000,000 pouuds, and in 1871 it was 
 over 24,000,000 pounds. Many persons in this State, who commenced 
 this business in absolute poverty, have in a few years grown wealthy. 
 The climate is peculiarly favorable to sheep. They need neither 
 shelter nor cultivated food at least most of them never receive either. 
 Sheep husbandry in California will always pay better than in any 
 other State in the Union, for here the weight of the animal is ten per 
 cent, greater than in the Eastern States, while the fleece is twenty per 
 cent, larger and the increase one hundred per cent, more ; besides, 
 the sheep generally live longer. There is no disease among them ex- 
 cept scab, and that is never fatal. If the exemption from disease, the 
 more rapid increase, the greater weight of fleece and mutton, the sav- 
 ing in buildings, sheds and in cultivated food, and the difference in 
 the cost of the pasture land, be taken into consideration, there is a 
 large total in favor of the wool grower in California. 
 
[22] 
 Stations on the Constructed Line of the Road. 
 
 Names of Stations. 
 
 w 
 
 ^5. 
 
 Junction (on main line C. P. R. R.) 
 
 Lincoln 
 
 Ewens. . .. 
 
 Sheridan 
 
 Wheatland 
 
 Reeds 
 
 Yuba 
 
 Marysville 
 
 Lomo 
 
 Gridleys 
 
 Biggs 
 
 Nelson 
 
 Durham 
 
 Roble 
 
 Ohico 
 
 Nord 
 
 Anita 
 
 Soto 
 
 Yina 
 
 Sesma 
 
 Tehama 
 
 Red Bluff. 
 
 Hooker 
 
 Buckeye 
 
 Cottonwood 
 
 Anderson 
 
 Clear Creek Town 
 
 Redding 
 
 156 
 166 
 170 
 174 
 177 
 183 
 188 
 190 
 197 
 207 
 211 
 221 
 227 
 229 
 233 
 240 
 213 
 248 
 252 
 260 
 261 
 273 
 283 
 288 
 290 
 296 
 303 
 307 
 
 163 
 
 161 
 
 113 
 
 113 
 
 84 
 
 69 
 
 68 
 
 67 
 
 71 
 
 97 
 
 98 
 
 124 
 
 161 
 
 176 
 
 193 
 
 153 
 
 162 
 
 186 
 
 212 
 
 240 
 
 222 
 
 307 
 
 545 
 
 432 
 
 421 
 
 432 
 
 467 
 
 558 
 
 Price of Lands and Manner of Selling them. 
 
 The price fixed by the Company for its agricultural, farming and 
 grazing lands, is from $2 50 upwards per acre, according to quality ; 
 for first class timber land, $10 per acre, and for second class timber 
 and wood land, $5 per acre. The timber and wood lands must in all 
 cases be paid for at the time of purchase ; but the other lands can, in 
 tracts of not less than eighty acres, be bought on credit, if the pur- 
 chaser desires twenty per cent, cash, and the remainder payable at 
 any time within five years, with interest at ten per cent, per annum, 
 
[23] 
 
 which must be paid yearly in advance. This will be better explained 
 
 by the following 
 
 example : 
 
 160 acres (say at $5) is $800 00 
 
 20 per cent, of $800, cash down, is 160 00 
 
 Kemainder, payable within live years $640 00 
 
 The first payment would, therefore, be 20 per cent., as above. $160 00 
 First year's interest on $640, as above, in advance 64 00 
 
 Total $224 00 
 
 The other payments would be the $64, the annual interest in ad- 
 vance, and, at the end of five years, $640, the remainder of the prin- 
 cipal. 
 
 On page 17 of this pamphlet will be found further details on this 
 subject, which can be considered as referring to these lands, the Rail- 
 road Company having adopted a uniform system for the disposal of 
 all the lands under its control. 
 
 Policy of the Company Applications for Land and Privileges 
 
 gained thereby. 
 
 As soon as a section of twenty miles or more of the railroad is 
 completed, equipped and in operation, it is examined by the United 
 States Railroad Commissioners, who make a report to the Government. 
 If found to be constructed in all respects as required by law, the sec- 
 tion is accepted and the lands listed and patented. When the patent 
 is received the lands are oifered for sale. This road is now constructed 
 to Redding, which is situated 170 miles north of Sacramento and 
 about six miles east of the town of Shasta. A portion of the road has 
 already been examined, and it is expected in a short time that the 
 entire line, as far as completed, will be examined and accepted. Some 
 of the lands, as far north as Chico, are now offered for sale. Appli- 
 cations to purchase are received and filed in the Land Office of the 
 Company and blanks will be furnished for that purpose. The policy 
 of the Company has always been, and is now, to encourage the settle- 
 ment of its lands in small tracts, by persons who will live on and cul- 
 tivate them. To this end settlers are invited to make applications to 
 buy and to occupy and put to use the vacant lands until such time as 
 they shall be ready for sale. If the settler desires to buy, the Com- 
 pany gives him the first privilege of purchase at the fixed price, which, 
 in every case, shall only be the value of the land, without regard to 
 the improvements. It must be understood that the application of a 
 speculator, or of a person who does not improve or occupy the land, 
 
[24] 
 
 will not, although received first, take precedence or priority of that of 
 the settler whose application may, perhaps, be filed last of all. The 
 actual settler, in good faith, will be preferred always, and the land 
 will be sold to him as against every other applicant. The Company 
 also wish it to be known that a mere application to buy land, unac- 
 companied by actual improvement or settlement, confers no right or 
 privilege which should prevent an actual settler from taking it, if 
 vacant, into possession, and cultivating and improving it. In filling 
 in the blank application, persons are requested not to put the lands in 
 two or more townships in the same application. Use a separate blank 
 for each township. 
 
 Grading Lands and Manner of Ascertaining their Value. 
 
 When lands are ready to be sold, the Company sends a man well 
 acquainted with the quality of soil and skilled in determining the kind 
 of agricultural product to which it is best adapted, as also in determin- 
 ing its true market value, to look at the various sections and tracts. Af- 
 ter personal examination, he grades the land as being first, second or 
 third quality of farming, vineyard, timber, or grazing land, and re- 
 ports the value of each piece. His report is examined and, if found 
 correct, a price is established. The price is generally that of unim- 
 proved land of the same quality in the immediate vicinity at the time 
 of the grading. In ascertaining the value, any improvements that a 
 settler or other person may have on the land will not be taken into 
 consideration, neither will the price of the land be increased in con- 
 sequence of them. Further, there is but one price that fixed by the 
 Company and land will be sold at that rate to those who in equity 
 have the best right to buy, even if others should offer more per acre 
 than the amount asked. Settlers are thus assured that, in addition to 
 being accorded the first privilege of purchase at the graded price, 
 they will also be protected in their improvements. 
 
 General Remarks. 
 
 All that has been written regarding the lands of the Central Pa- 
 cific Railroad (main line) and the manner of acquiring title to them, 
 as also respecting Climate, Vineyards, Schools, Education, etc., and 
 all other matters (excepting the grant to the Railroad and its lands 
 in the State of Nevada) may be taken as applying generally to all 
 the lands of this Railroad. 
 
 All communications addressed to B. B. Redding, Land Agent 
 Central Pacific Railroad Company, Sacramento, California, will re- 
 ceive prompt attention. 
 
[25] 
 
 %mfa <rf ^<m%ro fmxfa ||aiJwwi 
 
 Under the Act of Congress passed July 27, 1866, the Southern 
 Pacific Railroad Company has a grant of lands from the United 
 States consisting of all vacant odd numbered sections within twenty 
 miles on each side of its road, and where the odd numbered sections 
 have been taken by pre-emption or otherwise, the Company has the 
 right to select other vacant odd numbered sections, as indemnity, 
 within thirty miles on each side of its line. This road commences at 
 San Jose, in Santa Clara county, California, at one of the termini of 
 the Central Pacific Railroad, and runs by way of Gilroy, Pajaro val- 
 ley, touching at a point seven miles west of Visalia, and so on by 
 Bakersfield, in a southeasterly direction, through the counties of Santa 
 Clara, Monterey, Fresno, Tulare, Kern, and San Bernardino, and go- 
 ing through Tehichipa Pass in the Sierra Nevada mountains, extends 
 to the Colorado river. About two years ago the San Francisco and 
 San Jose Railroad consolidated with the Southern Pacific. The con- 
 solidated line begins at San Francisco. 
 
 The San Joaquin valley branch of Central Pacific Railroad, 
 which leaves the main line at Lathrop, on the San Joaquin river, ten 
 miles from Stockton, runs along the east side of the San Joaquin 
 valley for a distance of 152 miles and connects with the Southern 
 Pacific at Goshen, near Visalia. 
 
 A branch of the Southern Pacific, commencing at Gilroy and 
 extending by way of Watsonville to Salinas City, and through the 
 Salinas valley to the Mission of San Miguel and the country beyond, 
 is now completed to Salinas City, and is in course of rapid construc- 
 tion further south. A line of railroad will very shortly be built 
 from Watsonville to Santa Cruz. 
 
[26] 
 
 Another line of railroad, to connect with the Southern Pacific, 
 is contemplated and a part of it is in an advanced stage of construc- 
 tion. It will start from a point near Tulare lake and run north 
 through the west side of the San Joaquin valley, and crossing the 
 Central Pacific Railroad between Ellis and Bantas stations, will go 
 thence, via Point of Timbers, Antioch, Martinez, and Suisun and San 
 Pablo bays to Oakland and San Francisco. This railroad will be par- 
 allel to the San Joaquin Valley branch of the Central Pacific Railroad, 
 and about twenty-five miles west of it. The portion between Ellis 
 and Oakland will probably be in operation within the coming year. 
 
 Another branch of the Southern Pacific Railroad, to which Con- 
 gress has given a land grant, will commence at a point on the main 
 line near Tehichipa Pass, and running southerly across the Mohave 
 Plains through the San Fernando Pass to Los Angeles, will extend 
 thence by San Gabriel, Cocomongo, San Bernardino, and the Coahuila 
 Valley, to Fort Yuma. 
 
 The lands of the Company, in California, lie in the counties of 
 Santa Clara, Santa Cruz, Stanislaus, Merced, Fresno, Monterey, Tulare, 
 San Luis Obispo, Kern, Santa Barbara, San Bernardino, Los Angeles, 
 and San Diego. 
 
 It will be seen that all this country is situated in the midst of 
 what will be, within a few years, a perfect network of railroads, and 
 will be more immediately in connection with the whole railroad sys- 
 tem of California than any other part of the State. Lands, therefore, 
 anywhere within this section must, outside of their intrinsic worth 
 in consequence of situation, increase very rapidly in value. But in- 
 dependent of situation, the general excellent quality of the soil, its 
 great productiveness, its adaptability in many places to almost every 
 species of agricultural production, together with the mildness of the 
 climate, the bright skies, and the equability of temperature which 
 prevails over the greater part of its extent, render it a very desirable 
 section for the immigrant or settler who wishes to make a happy 
 home in a place where all the comforts and most of the luxuries of 
 life can be had with but little trouble, and where industry and thrift 
 will be sure to meet with an abundant reward. 
 
 The great extent of level land in this scope of country admits 
 of the use of all descriptions of agricultural implements, so that farm 
 work can be done with incredible rapidity. One thousand acres are 
 sometimes plowed, seeded and cut in less time than is required on 
 farms of 160 acres in many parts of Europe. To be convinced of 
 
[27] 
 
 this, a person need but visit the immense wheat fields of the San 
 Joaquin valley, and look at the operations on a large scale in 
 farming as they are carried on with the aid of modern appliances and 
 inventions. This advantage, together with the much larger yield per 
 acre, compensates for the higher price of land, labor, and material. 
 
 Climate and Rainfall. 
 
 In, Winter, the average of the thermometer is about 44 at 
 sunrise and about 56 at midday. In the counties on the sea coast 
 and those further inland under the influence of the trade winds, 
 which blow from the ocean, the thermometer does not rise higher 
 than from 70 to 80 in the Summer time. In the sections beyond 
 the influence of these winds, the degree of heat in the Summer time 
 is greater, sometimes ranging as high as 90, while in exceptional 
 localities it at times reaches 100. This high degree of heat prevails 
 only for about three months in the year, and generally lasts but from 
 three to four hours each day. With the decline of the sun comes a 
 cooling and refreshing breeze, which, toward morning, makes the air 
 feel so chilly that a heavy blanket is required to make sleeping com- 
 fortable. The thermometer falls as low as 50 or 55 during the 
 night. There is none of the suffocating and enervating atmosphere 
 which is experienced in the Eastern States during the nights in Sum- 
 mer. Here, a person rises invigorated and refreshed and is prepared 
 to commence again, with renewed strength and health, the labor of 
 the day. The sudden fluctuations of temperature incident to the 
 climate of the Atlantic States are unknown in California. 
 
 The rainy season commences about the beginning of November, 
 and continues, with frequent intervals of bright, clear weather, until 
 April. For fully half of the Winter no more rain falls than is re- 
 quired by the necessities of agriculture. In the southern part of the 
 State the rainfall is much less than in the northern, and there are some 
 years of drouth. Farmers have, in the past, suffered severely from 
 these drouths, chiefly in consequence of having pursued a defective 
 system of agriculture, not adapted to the peculiarities of a California 
 climate. Now, having learned from experience, instead of sowing 
 and planting crops in the Spring when the rainfall is nearly over, 
 they sow and plant in the Autumn, so as to have the advantage of 
 all the moisture of the whole Winter. When this system is pursued, 
 the failure of crops is very rare. On the sea coast and country adja- 
 cent to it, good crops are produced every year, the dews and fogs 
 from the ocean furnishing sufficient moisture for that purpose. 
 
[28 j 
 
 Irrigation. 
 Where the climate and soil are dry, farmers and agriculturists 
 resort to irrigation as a means of procuring an adequate supply of 
 moisture for their growing crops. The rivers and streams are di- 
 verted from their natural beds and led in canals and water-courses, 
 frequently for long distances, and distributed through small ditches 
 over the land. There are a great number of irrigating canals and 
 ditches in the southern part of San Joaquin valley, in the counties of 
 Kern and Tulare, and also in Fresno and Merced. Capitalists have 
 commenced and are now engaged in perfecting a system of irrigation 
 for this region on a very large scale. Wherever streams are not 
 abundant and the prospects are favorable, artesian wells have been 
 bored, in various cases with favorable results. Many persons think 
 that water can be procured anywhere in the San Joaquin valley by 
 boring to a sufficient depth ; but whether or not this theory is correct, 
 remains to be seen. The country is comparatively new, and as yet 
 but sparsely settled, and much remains to be revealed by experiment. 
 However, in nine years out often, if the farmer sows his seed in the 
 Autumn, on properly prepared land, he may be very sure of a good 
 crop almost any Winter furnishing enough of rain for that purpose. 
 
 Character of Lands. 
 
 There is almost every variety of soil and climate to include all 
 the products of the northern temperate zone with those of a semi- 
 tropical character. Along the water-courses extend broad bottoms 
 of exceedingly rich soil, upon which the crops hardly ever fail, either 
 from excess of rain or drouth. Many of these bottoms, as well as 
 portions of the plains lying between them, are covered with scattered 
 oaks of a large size, and present the appearance of a nicely arranged 
 park. In the neighborhood of Tulare Lake vast herds of swine are 
 raised and kept on the low lands. They are branded and turned 
 loose like cattle. Large sums of money have been realized from this 
 business. Where the soil is light and sandy, wheat and other kinds 
 of cereals, as also many kinds of vegetables, are cultivated. The 
 means for irrigation necessary for such soil are, in many localities, 
 never-failing and ample. 
 
 There are on the plains, foot-hills and in the mountains, a great 
 number of sheep pastures and cattle ranges, abounding with wild 
 oats and other kinds of native grasses. The temperature is so mild 
 and equable in Winter that shelter is hardly ever required. The 
 grasses commence growing immediately after the first fall of rain in 
 
[29] 
 
 Autumn, so that generally through the Winter months there is an 
 abundance of green feed. Sheep bring forth lambs in the month of 
 February, and are shorn twice a year. Here are some of the largest 
 flocks in the State, and cattle in innumerable herds have roamed over 
 the hills and plains for years. 
 
 There are also timber lands, covered with redwood or red cedar, 
 pine, oak, and other trees, which must, in consequence of the increas- 
 ing scarcity of timber, become very valuable in a few years. 
 
 In fine, there are all kinds of land for farming, grazing, or fruit 
 culture, from which to choose, mountain, plain, hill, valley, upland, 
 lowland, meadow and garden, in a portion of the State which must 
 become of the highest importance in a short time, and in the very 
 center of commerce, where facilities for travel and for transportation 
 in all directions will abound ; where the climate, although in a 
 northern latitude, is as mild and balmy as that of the tropics ; where 
 roses bloom in the open air through all seasons, and where there is 
 easy access not only to the seaside but to some of the grandest 
 mountain scenery in the world. 
 
 Productions. 
 
 These lands produce wheat, barley, oats, Indian corn or maize, 
 hay in every variety, hops, flax, cotton, silk, ramie plant, tobacco, 
 castor beans, etc., besides fruits, nuts, and vegetables, in great pro- 
 fusion, of fine quality and most excellent flavor. 
 
 Wheat, Barley, Oats, Alfalfa, Etc. 
 The wheat fields of the San Joaquin valley are probably the 
 finest in the world, and the largest. Fields of 1,000 to 5,000 acres 
 are not uncommon, while there are some that contain from 20,000 to 
 30,000 acres. In fact, a person can, at the proper season, ride on 
 the trains of the San Joaquin Valley Railroad for 100 miles through 
 one continuous wheat field. There are but few fences in the whole 
 tract, the law making the owners of live stock liable for the damages 
 resulting from trespass upon the land. The weevil is unknown. Of 
 course where wheat can be grown, barley, oats, and other grain, can 
 be produced with the same if not greater facility. It often happens 
 that a farmer can, from the profits of a single crop, pay for his land 
 and realize a handsome sum in addition. Fifty or sixty bushels to 
 the acre is yielded on some lands. Not only can wheat and all the 
 cereals be raised on these lands, but also nearly all the vegetables 
 necessary for table use, including melons, potatoes, beans, peas, etc., 
 
[30] 
 
 etc. On the low or alluvial bottoms, two crops are sometimes taken 
 from the same land in one year. First, a crop of wheat, barley, or 
 oats, and afterwards a crop of maize or Indian corn. The bottom 
 lands and also the uplands, where facilities for irrigation exist, are 
 sown to alfalfa or Chili clover, in conjunction with barley. The 
 barley is cut and the alfalfa remains, and is used for hay and for 
 pasturage. Alfalfa is a species of lucern of exceeding great produc- 
 tiveness and nutritive qualities. It is cut three, four and five times 
 in the year, yielding from one to one and a half tons per acre at each 
 cutting, while in the Winter time, it furnishes the best and most juicy 
 of pastures. It is calculated that one acre of alfalfa, well seeded, 
 will produce more pasturage in a year than ten acres of the same 
 quality of land will in native grasses. Good dairymen say that cows 
 taken from the ordinary native grasses and pastured on fields of Chili 
 clover (alfalfa), will increase in the product of milk and butter or 
 cheese from sixty to seventy per cent. 
 
 Cotton. 
 
 The prospect for cotton growing improves year by year. It 
 has been tried this year on a scale of sufficient magnitude in the 
 counties of Merced, Fresno, and Kern, and with such marked success 
 and with such certainty of large yield and great profit, that it may 
 with safety be classed among the most valuable of the agricultural 
 staples of California. 
 
 One thousand acres have perhaps been cultivated during this 
 year (1872) say 650 acres in Merced, 250 in Kern, and 50 acres on 
 Kings river, in Fresno. In the Southern States 25 bolls to each 
 stalk is said to be about an average yield ; but in California the yield 
 is 100 per cent, greater, and the plants exhibited in San Francisco 
 and elsewhere contain from 75 to 100 bolls, and in exceptional cases 
 no less than 400 have been counted on each plant. The yield seems 
 to be about 350 to 400 pounds per acre of lint cotton. Samples of 
 California cotton were sent to New York, Memphis, and Mobile, and 
 favorably reported upon. That sent to Mobile was pronounced su- 
 perior to any grown in Alabama, except that of Sea Island, while the 
 sample sent to Memphis was classed by the Board of Brokers as equal 
 to the best middling upland of the State, and the staple was finer. 
 The California cotton has a fine lustre, extra long staple, and it is 
 thought will bring two cents per pound more than any other cotton 
 sent to Liverpool. Cotton can be raised here at two-thirds less cost 
 than at the South say six to eight cents in California against twelve 
 
[ 31 ] 
 
 cents in the Southern States. In Merced and Fresno counties the best 
 time for planting is thought to be early in April, and wherever Indian 
 corn or maize will grow to advantage, there cotton can be raised. 
 It is confidently believed that within a very few years cotton will be 
 at least the third great staple of California. The cost of making and 
 marketing a crop is calculated by competent judges at about $28, 
 and the net profit at about $45, per acre. In the southern part of 
 Kern county, also in Tulare and Fresno counties, are large quantities 
 of land suitable for the culture of cotton. 
 
 The California Cotton Growers' and Manufacturers' Association 
 has been making extensive experiments in cotton growing near Ba- 
 kersfield this season, which have resulted so successfully that, being 
 fully assured of the profits to be realized, it is now preparing to carry 
 on the business on a large scale, and, as a commencement, will plant 
 next year from 1,000 to 1,500 acres in cotton. 
 
 G-rapes, Raisins, Wine and Brandy. 
 
 Grapes can be grown on all these lands to a point where the alti- 
 tude would be, say, 3,000 feet above the level of the sea. The Fran- 
 ciscan Monks, some fifty or one hundred years ago, planted vineyards 
 in the southern part of California, the yield from which kept on in- 
 creasing every year and to-day the amount of grapes taken from 
 them would seem incredible. One grape vine, planted 43 years ago, 
 three miles east of the town of Santa Barbara, on the sea coast, 
 measures nearly twelve inches in diameter at four feet from the 
 ground ; at two feet higher the stem is divided and its branches are 
 supported by a rude trellis work, forming a splendid bower, which 
 covers an area of 10,000 square feet. It annually produces about 
 12,000 pounds of grapes. The bunches weigh six or seven pounds 
 each and are from fifteen to eighteen inches long. Irrigation is em- 
 ployed very sparingly. The grapes are of the Los Angeles variety. 
 
 The grapes produced thus far, in the region under consideration, 
 are suitable for the production of wine or brandy. Continual sun- 
 shine makes them very sweet, and in the process of fermentation the 
 sugar is converted into alcohol in such quantity as to make the per- 
 centage of brandy very great. Near Visalia the raisin grape is, to a 
 limited extent, cultivated with great success and raisins, rivalling in 
 flavor those of Malaga and of larger size, have been made. A most 
 profitable branch of industry, requiring but small capital or skill, 
 could be built up in growing and curing raisins. The process of 
 curing is very simple. The bunches of grapes are spread on a board 
 
[32] 
 
 in the sun, and are turned every day until they are thoroughly dried. 
 A child can do this. The raisins are then packed in boxes, sent to 
 market and sold. 
 
 The most luscious and finest flavored table grapes in the whole 
 world can be produced cheaply and in quantities only limited by the 
 desires or means of the cultivator. Blight and mildew are unknown. 
 
 The ancient proverb which says that " gold springs up where 
 the root of the vine descends," is amply verified in California, for 
 those who have vineyards possess generally comfortable homes, while 
 many of them are wealthy. This arises from the fact that the 
 market for wine and brandy is neither local nor restricted. They 
 can be sold in all parts of the world, and it will soon be demonstrated 
 that money can be made by manufacturing wine at twenty cents a 
 gallon. The net profit on an acre of grapes is calculated at $50 each 
 year. 
 
 Oranges, Lemons, Limes and^Citrons. 
 The orange tree lives in the open air in the valleys in the inte 
 rior of California, where the thermometer does not fall below 22, 
 and in many of them and in the foot-hills, thrives with as much luxu- 
 rience and productiveness as it does in its native climate and soil. 
 In the region surrounding Los Angeles, the orange tree is cultivated 
 with great profit to a very considerable extent. It is said not to be 
 a profitable orchard tree except in the southern part of the State. 
 This is probably more a matter of conjecture than otherwise, and 
 arises from the fact that almost all the experiments, on an extensive 
 scale, in orange raising, have been chiefly confined to the locality 
 mentioned above, under the supposition that a very warm climate is 
 necessary to its culture. There are some fine orange trees in many 
 places in the middle portion of the State. There is an orange tree 
 with good and abundant fruit at BidwelPs Bar, in Butte county ; 
 also one at Folsom, in Sacramento county. There are trees in Marys- 
 ville, Sacramento, and Stockton, which, planted for ornament, have 
 borne continuously for years oranges of excellent quality and good 
 flavor and in large quantities. Doubtless there are many localities 
 north of Santa Barbara and Los Angeles where they can be cultivated 
 to advantage. Orange treees are planted about sixty to the acre, 
 and at the age of ten to fifteen years bear most astonishingly. In 
 an orange grove of two thousand trees, near Los Angeles, the annual 
 crop averages 1,500 oranges to each tree, some of the trees producing 
 as many as 4,000 each. The labor of one man is sufficient to keep 
 
[33] 
 
 twenty acres in perfect order, and as oranges sell in San Francisco 
 at from $15 to $35 per thousand, some idea may be formed of the 
 great profit of this business. They can be sent by rail to the Atlantic 
 States in six days. 
 
 All that has been said about the orange will apply to the culture 
 of the lemon, lime and citron. Lemons are sold for about $30 per 
 thousand in the San Francisco market. The importation of them 
 from Sicily and other foreign countries is now, in a great measure, 
 stopped by the home production. Tu 1S71 there were received in 
 San Francisco from southern California 4,500,000 oranges, and 500,- 
 000 lemons. 
 
 Almonds, Olives, Walnuts and Figs. 
 
 The almond tree will also grow and yield abundantly in various 
 localities on these lands. It bears safely at Santa Barbara and fur- 
 ther north, and it is thought would do admirably in San Joaquin, 
 Tulare, and Kern river valleys. It needs thorough cultivation and 
 in most places irrigation. About 100 trees are usually planted to 
 the acre. At four years each tree in the orchard would average a 
 yield equal to a dollar; at six years, two dollars, while at eight years 
 the profit is calculated at about $400 per acre. The whole world 
 furnishes a market for the sale of almonds. 
 
 The olive tree will also grow here. It is increased entirely 
 from cuttings. Sixty trees are planted to the acre. The culture is 
 very simple, consisting only of keeping the soil loose and free from 
 weeds. When the trees are about ten years old they produce from 
 twenty to thirty gallons of olive oil to the acre; and some trees, near 
 San Diego, planted seventy years ago, are said to yield 120 gallons 
 each. The profit of a tree, in full bearing, is estimated by cultur- 
 ists at about eight dollars. 
 
 The English walnut is another tree which can be successfully 
 grown on these lands, the cultivation of which is very remunerative. 
 Thirty trees are set to the acre. When at maturity, each tree bears 
 from 100 to J50 pounds of nuts. The nuts fall to the ground when 
 ripe. They are worth from ten to twelve cents a pound, and can be 
 sold all over the world. 
 
 Besides these, there can be raised figs, pomegranates, the cactus 
 pear, also pears, apples, quinces, peaches, apricots, plums, currants, 
 etc., in the most infinite variety. Also melons, tomatoes, etc., etc. 
 
[ 34 J 
 Price of Lands and Manner of Selling Them 
 See pages 17 and 22. 
 
 Policy of the Company Applications for Land and Privileges 
 
 Gained Thereby. 
 
 See pages 19 and 23. 
 
 Grading Lands and Manner of Ascertaining their Value. 
 See page 24. 
 
 In everything relating to the price of lands and manner of sell- 
 ing them, policy of the Company, applications for land and privileges 
 gained thereby, grading lands and manner of ascertaining their value, 
 the remarks made on pages 17, 19, 22, 23, and 24 of this pamphlet 
 in reference to the lands of the Central Pacific Railroad Company, 
 will apply equally well to the lands of the Southern Pacific Railroad, 
 the same system for the disposal of the lands having been adopted 
 by this Company. 
 
 The same may be also said, generally, of the other things (retted 
 of in the part of this book relating to the lands of the Central Pacific 
 Railroad, such as "mode by which public lands are surveyed and 
 designated," "lands granted to the Company," "process by which 
 title is acquired," " alluvial and bottom lands," u grazing lands and 
 sheep ranges," "vineyard lands," "timber lands," "dairy lands in 
 the mountains," " markets," " schools," " education," etc., etc. 
 
 When Lands can be Sold. 
 
 Application has been made for Patents for the lands as far as the 
 railroad has been constructed and accepted, When and as the pa- 
 tents shall be received, the land will be graded and offered for sale. 
 
 For further information in relation to the lands of the Company, 
 apply to B. B. Redding, Land Agent of Southern Pacific Railroad 
 Company, Sacramento, California.