No. 1716 
 
 \ m DESCRIPTION AND DIRECTIONS FOR 
 
 9 ^i It USE AND CARE OF 
 
 k 
 
 ■ AVALRY EQUIPMENT 
 
 MODEL OF 1912 
 
 (SEVENTEEN PLATES) 
 
 OCTOBER 5. 1914 
 
 O^r- 
 
 
 
 \ 
 
 
 
 \/ 
 
 WASHINOTON 
 GOVERNMENT PSINTMO OFPICB 
 
 1918
 
 No. 1715 
 
 DESCRIPTION AND DIRECTIONS FOR 
 USE AND CARE OF 
 
 CAVALRY EQUIPMENT 
 
 MODEL OF 1912 
 
 (SEVENTEEN PLATES) 
 
 OCTOBER 5, 1914 
 
 WASmNGTON 
 GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 
 
 1918
 
 ( Form No. 1715) 
 
 The Commanding Officer or the Post or Coast 
 Defense Ordnance Officer to whom this copy is 
 issued will be held personally responsible for its safe= 
 keeping. When another officer relieves him a re= 
 ceipt for it will be taken, which should be mailed 
 to the CHIEF OF ORDNANCE, U. S Army, 
 Washington, D. C. 
 
 (2)
 
 SRLh 
 
 War Dki'aktment, 
 Offick of the Chief of Ordnance, 
 
 Wasliington October 5, I'Jl). 
 This manual is pul)lislied for the information and government of the Heguhir 
 Army and Or^^anized Militia of the United States. 
 By order of the Secretary of War: 
 
 William Ckozier, 
 Brigadier General, Chief of Ordnaihce. 
 
 (3)
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 Plate. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Arm repair chest, nicKlel of 1910 
 
 Bandoleer, cavalry 
 
 Belt, cartridge, cavalry, cal. .30 
 
 Belt, garrison, enlisted men's 
 
 Belt, officer's 
 
 Belt, pistol 
 
 Bolo and scabbard, model of 1910 
 
 Breast strap '. .. 
 
 Bridle, cavalry 
 
 Canteen, model of 1910 
 
 Canteen cover, model of 1910 
 
 Care of ecjuipment 
 
 Carrier strap 
 
 Cavesson and longe 
 
 Chest, bacon, model of 1910 
 
 Chest, condiment, model of 1910 
 
 Cleaning rod, model of 1913, and case 
 
 Cooling strap 
 
 Cup, model of 1910 
 
 Currycomb, model of 1913 ■ 
 
 EmplojTnent of troop pack 
 
 Feed bag and grain bag 
 
 Field picket line and jjins , 
 
 Fork, model of 1910 
 
 Grooming cloth 
 
 Guidon and standard carrier 
 
 Halter, stable 
 
 Hatchet and cover 
 
 Horse brush 
 
 Horse cover 
 
 Improvised picket line 
 
 Indi\ddual soap box 
 
 Intrenching-tool carrier 
 
 Intrenching tools 
 
 Knife, model of 1910 
 
 I,ariat 
 
 Loading of wagon 
 
 Marking of equipment 
 
 Meat can, model of 1 910 
 
 Packing of saddle 
 
 Pick, cavalry, and cover 
 
 Picket pin . 
 
 Picket-pin case 
 
 Picket-pin carrier, special ^ 
 
 Pin and hammer chest 
 
 PLstf)! holster _. 
 
 Pommel ])o<kets, service 
 
 Pommel ])ocketH, officer's 
 
 Pouch for first-aid packet, model of 1910. 
 
 Ration bags 
 
 Rec(jrd case, N. C. O 
 
 IX 
 IX 
 IX 
 IX 
 
 XIII 
 
 I 
 
 VII 
 VII 
 
 XIII 
 
 VII 
 
 VII 
 
 XV-XVI 
 
 VIII 
 
 VII 
 
 VII 
 
 XIII 
 
 VIII 
 
 VI 
 
 VII 
 
 VII 
 VI 
 VI 
 
 VII 
 VIII 
 
 VII 
 XI 
 VI 
 VI 
 VI 
 VI 
 
 IV 
 VII 
 
 42 
 
 38-39 
 
 37-38 
 
 40 
 
 55 
 
 41 
 
 40 
 
 51-52 
 
 7-11 
 
 31 
 
 30 
 
 32-34 
 
 21-22 
 
 50-51 
 
 48 
 
 48^9 
 
 49 
 
 15 
 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 44-48 
 
 34-36 
 
 43 
 
 29 
 
 29 
 
 54 
 
 52-53 
 
 23 
 
 31 
 
 52 
 
 50 
 
 32 
 
 23-24 
 
 22-23 
 
 29 
 
 24 
 
 49-50 
 
 55-59 
 
 30 
 
 36-37 
 
 22-23 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 41^2 
 
 43 
 
 39 
 
 28-29 
 
 54 
 
 39 
 
 25-28 
 
 41 
 
 (5)
 
 Rifle carrier boot 
 
 Rifle cover 
 
 Raddle, service 
 
 Saddle, oliicer's 
 
 SaddLe blanket 
 
 Saber, cavalry, model of 19 13 
 
 Saber scabbard, ser\'ice, model of 1913 
 
 Saber scabbard, officer's garrison, model of 1913. 
 
 Saber carrier, ser\ace 
 
 Saber carrier, officer's 
 
 Saber knt»t 
 
 Schaller fortro 
 
 Sledge hammer 
 
 Sl)oon, model of 1910 
 
 Spur and straps, model of 191 1 
 
 Stock cover 
 
 Shovel, cavalry 
 
 Si)onge, 4-inch 
 
 Tape, 5-foot 
 
 Troop i)annier '. 
 
 Troop pack 
 
 Watering bucket, canvas 
 
 Water tank 
 
 Wire cutters, model of 19 10 
 
 Plate. 
 
 Ill 
 IV 
 II 
 II 
 
 XVII 
 
 " vii 
 
 IV 
 
 VI 
 
 VII 
 
 XIV 
 VIII 
 
 VII 
 
 Pajjc. 
 
 15-17 
 
 . 18 
 
 11-14 
 
 54 
 
 15 
 
 18-19 
 
 19-20 
 
 55 
 
 20-21 
 
 21,55 
 
 20 
 
 48 
 
 43 
 
 29 
 
 39-40 
 
 18 
 
 22 
 
 32 
 
 54 
 
 43-44 
 
 42-43 
 
 44 
 
 53-54 
 
 31
 
 DESCRIPTION AND DIRECTIONS FOR USE AND CARE OF 
 CAVALRY EQUIPMENT, MODEL OF 1912. 
 
 Cavalry Bridle. 
 
 (Plate 1.) 
 
 This article of eqiiiimieiit is a combination of a curb bridle, bricloon 
 bridb.'. and halter, and is intended to serve as a bridle both in garri- 
 son and in the field. In the latter instance it is also used as a halter. 
 It is not intended to be used as a stable halter in garrison, but should 
 be kept by the trooper to Avhom issued on the peg with the rest of 
 his equipment. A stable halter is provided for stable and corral use 
 in garrison," and the bridle can thus always be kept presentable. 
 
 The bridle consists of the following essential parts : 
 
 A cheek piccr^ which is a plain strap of 94 to lOJ ounce bridle 
 leather 1 inch Avide and 78 inches long. This strap passes twice over 
 the head of the hoi-se, thus forming a long loop on each side of the 
 head. At the bottom jioint of each of these loo])s the noseband is sus- 
 l)ended from the cheek piece by means of the noseband slides. The 
 cheek piece is adjusted to length by means of a buckle and six holes 
 on the near side of the bridle just below the brow band. 
 
 A hrolu hand^ of medium harness leather 18 inches long and 1§ 
 inches wide in the middle and tapering to ^ inch wide at each end, 
 where loops '1\ inches long are stitched to encircle the cheek piece, 
 bridoon croAvn piece, and throat latch on each side of the head. 
 Onto these loops are slipped ^-incli brass-wire loops which separate 
 Ihe cheek jiiece from the throat latch and bridoon croAvn i)iece. 
 
 The throat latch^ a plain strap of medium harness leather 1 inch 
 wide and 43f inches long, passes up through the loops in the brow 
 band in rear of the cheek piece and directly over the bridoon crown 
 piece and clown under the throat, of the horse, passing through the 
 upper loop in the throat strap, and ending in a common buckle on 
 the near side, wTiere six holes are punched for adjustment. 
 
 A nose hand., of medium harness leather 41 inches long and li 
 inches wide, made into an endless band by a o^-inch stitched lap. 
 This band is suspended from the cheek piece on each side by pass- 
 ing through the noseband slide, and in the rear it passes twice 
 through the 2i%-inch small iron ring in the lower end of the throat 
 
 (7)
 
 strap and once through the similar ring for attaching the halter tie 
 rope. 
 
 A throat strap, of medium harness leather | inch wide, about 18 
 inches long, folded upon itself twice so as to form a billet 6 inches 
 long of three thicknesses sewed together, with 1-inch loop for the 
 thi-oat latch at its upper end and a 2fV-inch small iron ring at its 
 lower end, which ring passes over the looped rear end of the nose- 
 band. 
 
 A hrkloon crown 'piece, a plain strap of collar leather, 7 to 8 ounces, 
 25^ inches long and | inch wide, with five holes at each end. This 
 strap passes up through the rear loops in the brow band and lays 
 directly under the throat latch, to which it is stitched for a distance 
 of 1 inch on the top to secure it in position. 
 
 Two hridoon straps, of 6 to 7 ounce collar leather | inch wide and 
 13f inches long. A buckle in the uj^per end of each strap secures it 
 to the bridoon crown piece on either side. The lower end of each 
 strap passes through the ring of the bridoon bit and back through 
 two standing loops (sewed to the strap above the bit) and over a 
 stud hook on the side next to the animal. 
 
 Two hit st/'aps, each a plain strap of 7 to 8 ounce collar leather 
 I inch wide, lOf inches long, with a hole in the center and one j% inch 
 from each end. This strap carries at its center the bit strap retainer 
 (a double loop with a stud hook in the center bur). The two ends of 
 the strap double back and fasten over the stud hook, so that the 
 strap when assembled forms two loops, the upper one carrying a 
 ^-inch snap hook and the lower loop passing through the upper loop 
 in the curb bit. 
 
 The snap hook engages in the lower loop of the cheek slide. These 
 slides, one on either side of the bridle, are adjustable on the cheek 
 piece by 6 holes in the cheek piece. 
 
 The halter tie rope is a plain manila rope | inch in diameter and 
 100 inches long; at one end an eye splice is formed by means of 
 which a bronze swivel bolt snap is attached, which snaps into the 
 2i\-inch small iron ring on the rear of the noseband. 
 
 The hridoon reins are of 7 to 8 ounce collar leather ^ inch wide and 
 cut 57f inches long. Three and one-fourth inches from the bit ends 
 of the reins a 4^-inch lap is stitched onto the inside (flesh side) of 
 the reins. Approximately midway on this reinforcing piece is a 
 stud hook pointing to the rear, and on each side of the hook is a 
 standing loop. Two and one-fourth inches from the extreme bit end 
 of the reins a hole with slit is punched, so that to assemble the rein 
 to the bit ring the end is ])assed through the ring under the first 
 standing looj), the stud hook passed through the hole in the rein, and 
 the end carried oil under the rear standing loop; the reinforcing
 
 9 
 
 piece above described is sufficiently long to give two thicknesses of 
 leather where it loops through the bit ring. 
 
 The rear ends of the bridoon reins are connected by a f-inch 
 buckle. 
 
 The curh reins are of 7 to 8 ounce collar leather 3 inch wide and 
 cut 55^ inches long. The method of attachment at the bit ring is the 
 same as for the bridoon reins. The reins are stitched together at the 
 bight with a l|-inch lap, with rounded ends skived down. The reins 
 assembled carry a sliding loop f inch wide just in front of the bight. 
 
 The hridoon is the model of 1909 bit, which has been revised to use 
 a 2^-inch ring in place of a 2-inch, and is now made of 27 per cent 
 nickel steel. 
 
 The curh hit is the present model of 1909 bit of 27 per cent nickel 
 steel. 
 
 The curh chain is model of 1912 and differs from former models in 
 that it is a single twist chain composed of 15 links of 27 per cent 
 nickel steel 3%-inch wire. When issued with bit the oft' curb hook is 
 brazed together, thus making the chain a part of the complete bit. 
 
 The Up thony is of soft rawhide, medium weight, 18 inches wide by 
 1^1 inches long. 
 
 To fit the bridle, unsnap, unbuckle, and remove all bit straps, and 
 first adjust the halter so that the noseband will stand at the desired 
 height. To do this unbuckle the cheek strap, and then lengthen or 
 shorten cheek strap and distribute the gain or loss on both sides of 
 headstall, so that the cheek slides that support bit straps will stand 
 at the same level. Punch new holes, if necessary, in noseband for the 
 noseband slides. Wet the leather in the vicinity of the cheek loop 
 thoroughly and shape snugly by pressure or blows; the cheek will 
 then remain smoothly in position. Once the halter is adjusted to a 
 particular horse, do not change it from that adjustment for the bits, 
 but adjust them to proper height in mouth by jneans of the adjust- 
 ment provided for the cheek slides. The bridoon is readily adjusted 
 l)y its buckles. Always remove bit and bridoon before taking off 
 halter. Never try to put on halter w'itli bits attached to it. To secure 
 halter tie, pass end around neck loosely, lay a double turn of about 6 
 inches in length along standing part, loop to the front, and free end 
 to the rear, wind the free end three or four times about both loop and 
 standing part, thrust free end through loop and draw tight. 
 
 In case it becomes necessary to replace the snap hook, or the rope 
 itself, proceed as follows: Pass the end of the rope through the ej^e of 
 the snap, unravel about 7 inches of the end, place the eye of the snap 
 close to the unraveled strands, open a strand on the standing portion 
 of rope near to eye, pass middle strand, No. 2, of unraveled portion 
 through opening on standing part and draw tight. (Fig. 1, PI. I.)
 
 10 
 
 Next untwist the strand at the left of the middle one, pass No. 1 
 strand through the opening and draw snug. Now turn the rope over, 
 untwist the remaining strands, pass No. 3 strand through opening, 
 and draw snug. (Fig. 2.) Now draw the strands more snugly 
 against the standing part of the rope and, commencing with either 
 one of the three strands, pass each one in turn, as before, from right 
 to left, between its mates, following the twist of the rope, until the 
 operation has been performed three times. (Fig. 3.) Now place the 
 rope on the floor and roll it under foot until the splice is smooth, then 
 neatly trim away useless ends. 
 
 To still further finish this splice, wrap it throughout its length 
 toward the snap with shoe thread, well waxed, then return to start- 
 ing point by passing needle and thread between strands at each ©ne- 
 half inch, and finally secure all ends snugly. If preferred, this eye 
 splice may be made up without passing it through the eye of the 
 snap bolt. After completion, pass the free end of the tie rope 
 through the snap hook eye and then through the eye splice and 
 draw up snugly. The tie rope shown in the cut of the bridle is 
 assembled in this way: 
 
 To finish free end of rope tie, use the Daly wrap^ as follows: 
 Untwist the strands for about 7 inches, then take a single cord of 
 each strand and untwist to the same point. (Fig. 4.) Now take 
 No, 1 cord from the left, and lay it across the nearer side of the rope 
 just below the junction of the untwisted portions, and lay No, 2 cord 
 over No, 1 cord. (Fig. 5.) Now carry No, 2 cord well to the 
 farther side of the rope* out of the way. 
 
 Bring No, 3 cord over No. 2 cord, pass No. 3 cord under No, 1 cord, 
 between it and the rope near the point where it leaves the rope, and 
 draw all three cords snugly. (Fig. 6.) This operation leaves the 
 strands standing upward and the cords downward, the strands thus 
 being secured in the center. Now pass each cord from right to left 
 between the twisted strands of the rope itself until each has been 
 so passed through for three times, precisely as was done with the 
 unraveled strands in making the snap splice above. Finish in a 
 manner similar to that there described, and cut off the unraveled 
 strands about ^ inch above grasp of cord. (Fig. 7.) 
 
 This wi-apping may be still further finished by waxed thread as 
 described under the snap splice. 
 
 To tic the horse to a hitching post or rail, never tie by the reins, 
 but slip the loop of the rope tie over the horse's head, pass the doubled 
 end of loop through the ring or once or more times around the rail ; 
 unsnap the hook and pass it through the free end of the loop, pulling 
 taut; then snap hook to halter ring; adjust the reins so that they 
 
 ' So named aftor Chief I'acker llenry W. Daly, who first introducod its detailed descrip- 
 tion into military works.
 
 11 
 
 Avill not catch on the post or be trampled under foot. To untie, 
 reverse th3 process. 
 
 Xo link is provided for this bridle. To secure horses of Xos. 1 and 
 2 for fighting on foot, tie them by the bridoon reins, each to the 
 halter ring of the horse on its left. 
 
 Small detachments of '1 to 8 men, and larger bodies at times, can 
 secure their horses advantageously b}^ " coupling '' them, as this elimi- 
 nates the necessity of horse holders. To couple the horses each set 
 of two men dismount and bring their horses close together, near side 
 to near side, head to croup. Then each man makes fast the bridoon 
 reins of the other to the attaching strap of the saber carrier as tight 
 as possible with a sHd knot. The horses can then only circle round. 
 
 The Service Saddle. 
 
 (Plate II.) 
 
 The saddle consists of the following essential parts: 
 
 A frame of pi'essed steel -j',; inch thick. This frame has pressed 
 into it three ribs running longitudinally around the frame for stiff- 
 ness. 
 
 Two poniiiiul hinges^ one right, one left, the npper half of each 
 hinge bemg of bronze riveted to the steel frame. The lower half of 
 each hinge, of cast aluminum, is bolted to the wooden side bars. 
 
 Two pommel hinges, one right, one left, the upper half of each 
 riveted to the steel frame and the lower half bolted to the wooden 
 side bars. These hinges are so shaped and located that the axis .of 
 the pommel and cantle hinge lies in a straight line on each side of 
 the saddle, thus allowing free movement of the side bars around this 
 line as an axis. 
 
 Two stirTup-strap loops^ each suspended from the frauie by a steel 
 strap which is riveted to the frame. The loops are shown clearly in 
 relate II and are provided at the rear ends with a safety loop for 
 holding the stirrup strap in the stirrup-strap loop, but which wnll 
 allow the s(i-ap to slip out in case of a violent |)ull to the rear, as in 
 case of a fall in which the rider's foot might catch in the stirrup to 
 diag him. The safety loop is convenient also for remoxing the stir- 
 lup straps for cleaning, etc. This loop should be kept clean and oiled 
 frequently. 
 
 Two rear (/hih strap loops riveted rigidly to the frame in rear of 
 the stirrup strap loo]). 
 
 Two forward girth strap loops^ suspended from the forward end 
 of the frame by a metal strap rixeted to the frame. 
 
 Tw'o cantle loops^ one right and one left, for rifle carrier, boot and 
 saber carrier. These are bronze loops I'iveted to the frame just out- 
 side of the cautle hinges.
 
 12 
 
 Two wooden side hars, one right and one left, shaped on the under 
 side to fit the horse's back. These are of basswood, natural finish and 
 varnished. 
 
 One cantle roll support^ a casting of aluminum riveted to the cantle 
 of frame and extending out to the rear having down through it a slot 
 for roll strap. 
 
 A ground seat of sole leather formed in a press to fit the metal 
 frame accurately and riveted to same. 
 
 Two pieces of strainiiig webbing, passing under the sole leather 
 ground seat from cantle to pommel, securely riveted to the steel 
 frame and stretched so as to support the leather seat. 
 
 A seat, of 6 to 7 ounces collar leather, embossed to imitate pigskin, 
 pressed in a die to the exact shape of the ground seat. This seat 
 passes up over the aluminum cantle roll support and around the 
 cantle is stitched to a facing leather underneath the steel frame and 
 forward from the cantle is stitched to the jockeys by a welted seam, 
 the jockeys being of similar material to the seat. The seat is also 
 stitched to the under facing of the pommel. 
 
 Two skirts, one right, one left, cut to shape, as shown in Plate II, 
 and embossed to imitate pigskin, made of medium harness leather 
 riveted to the steel saddle frame. The skirt has a loop riveted to it 
 near its upper forward corner, through which passes a strap of the 
 pommel pocket, thus holding the latter down in its proper position. 
 
 The side bar pads are of olive-drab felt, about ^-inch thick. These 
 pads are cut to the shape of the under sides of the side bars. A piece 
 of light collar leather is stitched to the forw^ard and rear ends of the 
 pads forming pockets, these pockets fitting over the side bars and 
 holding the pads snugly to the side bars. Small straps are provided 
 to facilitate removal of the pads from the bars when necessary. 
 
 Stirrup straps. — These are of light harness leather, 1§ inches wide 
 and 56^ inches long over all when complete. At one end is a If-inch 
 bronze center-bar buckle sewed to the strap by a 2-inch pointed lap, 
 fiesh side out. The free end is pointed and punched with 12 oblong 
 holes 1^ inches apart, each hole being numbered. 
 
 The stirrups are issued in two sizes, varying in width ^ inch. 
 
 Girth-strop adjusters (Plate XIII). — These pieces are designed to 
 vary the location of the girth relative to the saddle. The adjuster 
 consists of a piece of 7 to 8 ounce collar leather a little wider than 
 the girth and about 12 inches long. This is reinforced for the upper 
 (') inches with a baclv of similar leather stitched to the front around 
 the edges. There are four loops formed in the adjuster by slots cut 
 in the outer piece; between each pair of loops is riveted a f^-ii^ch 
 l)ronze stud. Each girth strap passes through a pair of these loops, 
 and the stud enters one of the holes in the girth strap.
 
 13 
 
 The girth is made of olive drab, hard laid No. 60 cotton seine twine 
 woven in the center and at each end near the buckles with No. 16 
 olive drab cotton seine twine. There are two buckles at each end of 
 special design. The upper ends of these special buckles are li\-inch 
 roller buckles, and the lower ends of the buckles are widened to take 
 the strands of the girth. The forward buckle on each side takes 17 
 strands and the rear buckle 18 strands, the strands being in one con- 
 tinuous piece, making two half turns and a half hitch each time it 
 passes through the loop of a buckle. 
 
 The woven center band of the girth consists of eight rows of chain 
 stitching, and stitched ujjon this band is a chape of leather carrying 
 a 1^/4 by % ir\ch buckle of 0.18-inch soft brass wire. This buckle 
 points to the rear and secures the carrier strap, elsewhere described. 
 
 Two double-buckle, pammel coat straps and three single-buckle, 
 can tie coat straps are issued for use in packing the saddle. These 
 straps are % inch wide, of 7 to 8 ounce collar leather. 
 
 The cantle straps are each 20 inches long. The pommel straps are 
 271/2 inches long, the second strap being sewed on at a point 17% 
 inches from the pointed end and extending equally with the strap 
 proper. 
 
 For the purpose of property accountability these straps are con- 
 sidered as a part of the saddle complete. 
 
 The saddle is made in two sizes, 15 and 16 inches, measured on the 
 frame from the rear face of the pommel arch to the front face of 
 cantle arch. 
 
 Directions for Use and Care. 
 
 Although this saddle is made to withstand severe treatment, it is 
 recommended that it be subjected to no greater degree of neglect and 
 abuse than circumstances may require. Its beauty and finish will 
 amply warrant the best of care. To saddle, place it upon the blanket 
 so that the front edge of the side bar approaches closely to the 
 shoulder blade without pressing upon it. The saddle will tend to 
 remain in that position and will give little trouble by shifting. The 
 saddle adjusts itself automatically to the horse's back, in so far as 
 the bearing surfaces of the side bars are concerned, and no adjust- 
 ment in this respect is required. This automatic feature is brought 
 about by applying all weight that comes upon the side bars through 
 their center of rotation, thus leaving the side bar of the loaded saddle 
 entirely free to adapt itself to the horse's back. In order to preserve 
 this freedom, no attachments of any kind should be placed on the 
 side bar other than as issued, and no weight borne by the saddle 
 should be permitted to rest upon the^side bars, except as transmitted 
 to them through their proper hinges. The cantle roll support and
 
 14 
 
 straps have been devised especially to raise the roll and kee[) all 
 ■weight off the snrface of the side bars. 
 
 The girth shonld ordinarily be about 4 inches in rear of the point 
 of the elbow, varying somewhat with the conformation of the horse. 
 It is readily adjusted in this respect by the girth-strap atljiisters 
 (Plate XIII). To move the girth relatively forward, shorten the 
 front girth straps, or lengthen the rear girth straps, or both. To 
 move the girth relatively to the rear, reverse this method. By this 
 means the saddle may be held in ditferent positions if found desir- 
 able. Habitually the studs should be in the corresponding holes in 
 both front and rear straps. A variation of one hole is usually suffi- 
 cient to set the saddle forward or back to conform to the needs of 
 an ill-shaped horse or a sore back. Three lengths of girth are issued, 
 to wit, 28, 32, and 36 inches. Considerable latitude is also allowed on 
 the girth straps for lengthening and shortening. It is desirable, how- 
 ever, that the proper length of girth be obtained, rather than to try 
 and fit all horses with a single length. Habitually the buckles of the 
 girth on either side should rest upon the corresponding girth-strap 
 adjuster. This is designed to act as a safe to these buckles and pre- 
 vent their injuring the horse. A sufficient number of holes is pro- 
 vided in the girth straps to permit of the lowering the adjusters to 
 serve this purpose. 
 
 When not needed, the coat straps should be disposed of as folloAvs: 
 The double buckle straps ma}^ be either removed and placed within 
 the pommel pockets or, if the latter are worn on the saddle, the free 
 ends of the double buckle straps may be passed through their usual 
 staples above the pommel pockets, from rear to front, flesh side up, 
 thence forward, clown in front of pommel-pocket gusset, under pom- 
 mel-pocket attaching strap, and back to buckles, drawn up snugly, 
 and buckled to both buckles; the remaining single buckle coat straps 
 may be either rolled or tAvisted as heretofore on the McClellan saddle. 
 
 The stirrups are attached by loops that permit their ready re- 
 moval from the saddle. This is done rather for reasons of con- 
 venience than of safety. If the latch fails to open readily with the 
 fingers, put a thong through its eye and pull on the thong. The stir- 
 rups are issued dark colored and are not to be brightened by polish- 
 ing. If rust gathers upon them, remove it by an oiled rag. The 
 stirrup straps are purposely placed Avith flesh side out — this pro- 
 longs their life. They ai-e worn with the buckles drawn up against 
 the safety loo})s (m saddle, buckles on outside. 
 
 AVhen unsaddling in the field, fold the skirts and carrier straps 
 with their attachments under the saddle before placing it on the 
 ground. 
 
 In o-arrison the saddle should be himg on a bracket sufficiently 
 wide so that the saddle rests on its side bars. If a narrower support
 
 15 
 
 is used, the saddle will re-t on tlu' low point in its letither seat and 
 soon become hadlv misshapen. 
 
 Saddle Blanket. 
 
 To fold the saddle blanket, i>rooeed as follows: 
 
 The blanket, after being well shaken, will be folded into six thick- 
 nesses, as follows: Hold it well up by the two corners, the long way 
 up and down; double it lengthwise (so the fold will come between 
 (he •• U "" and "S"), the folded corner (middle of blanket) in the 
 left hand; take the folded corner between the thumb and forefinger 
 of the right hand, thumb pointing to the left; slip the left hand down 
 the folded edge two-thirds its length and seize it with the thumb and 
 second finger; raise the hands to the height of the shouldei's, the 
 blanket between them extended ; bring the hands together, the dou- 
 ble fold falling outward; pass the folded corner from the right hand 
 into the left hand, between the thumb and forefinger; slip the second 
 finger of the right hand between the folds, and seize the double- 
 folded corner; turn the left (disengaged) corner in, and seize it with 
 thimib and forefinger of the right hand, the second finger of the 
 light hand stretching and evening the folds; after evening the folds 
 grasp the corners and shake the blanket well in order to smooth the 
 .folds; raise the blanket and place it between the chin and breast ; slip 
 the hands down halfway, the first tw^o fingers outside; the other fin- 
 gers and thumb of each hand inside; seize the blanket with the 
 thumbs and first tw^o fingers; let the part under the chin fall for- 
 ward; hold the blanket up, arms extended; even the lower edges; 
 seize the middle points between the thumbs and forefingers; and 
 flirt the outside part over the right arm; the blanket is thus held 
 before placing it on the horse. 
 
 The Cooling Strap, 
 
 (Plate VII.) 
 
 This strap is made of olive-dral) webbing, is S7i inches long and is 
 fastened with a tongueless bar buckFe. The horse's back should not, 
 when heated, be immediately exposed, after unsaddling, to (he hot 
 sun or to the cool air. The saddle blanket should be left upon it for 
 a reasonable period. To keep the blanket properly in place, the 
 cooling strap has been provided. When not in use, fold the strap 
 carefully and replace it in the compartment therefor in the rear 
 of the otif iDommel pocket. 
 
 The Rifle Carrier Boot. 
 
 (Plate III.) 
 
 This piece of equipment has two essential parts — (1) a IcafJur 
 bucket in which the butt of the i-ifle fi(s (|ui(e snugly, and {•!) a
 
 16 
 
 standing part, which supports the l)ucket and serves to attach the 
 whole boot to the saddle. 
 
 As will be seen from the cuts, the bucket Is a flask-shaped cup 
 about 9 inches hijih. The body is of 7 to 8 ounce collar leather and 
 has a sole-leathei- lining. Between the .lining and outside there are 
 two flat steel springs so shaped and located as to cause the flat sides 
 of the boot to press moderately against the sides of the rifle butt, 
 thus steadying it and preventing excessive movement. The bottom 
 of the bucket is of sole leather, oval shaped, and pressed into the 
 form of a shallow cup, the sides of which are riveted to the bucket 
 sides by 24 brass belt rivets with burs. There is a bottom lining of 
 gray felt \ inch thick to deaden the pounding of the rifle butt. 
 
 The standing part of the boot consists of a stiff body about 17| 
 inches long and varying in width from 4 to 6 inches, made up of two 
 thicknesses of bridle leather 9| to 10| ounces, stitched together all 
 around the edges and having between them a thin sheet steel spring 
 of approximately the same shape for stiffness. In addition to this 
 spring there is a thin cast aluminum alloy reinforce piece for added 
 strength at the bottom where the bucket is attached. The attaching 
 strap, a plain strap of heavy harness leather, is riveted onto the top 
 of the standing part, then passes upward through a loop near the 
 near cantle hinge of the saddle, back down to a stud in the back of 
 the standing part where adjustment is obtained, thence on dow'nward 
 to the carrier strap which passes under the horse. 
 
 The bucket is attached to the standing part by means of a swivel 
 on the lower end of the standing part which engages with a staple 
 riveted into the bottom of the bucket. The whole weight of the 
 rifle and bucket rests on this swivel. The bucket is maintained in 
 an upright position by a retaining strap which is riveted into the 
 wall of the bucket but is held to the standing part by friction only, 
 so that if the bucket is violently forced away from the standing part, 
 as in case of a man falling from his horse on the near side, the 
 retaining strap will slip out of the standing part and allow the bucket 
 to swing freely from the swivel. 
 
 In order to obtain sufficient friction on the retaining strap it passes 
 up between the front and back leathers of the standing part for a 
 distance, then doubles back on itself under a metal spring loop which 
 holds the strap firmly enough to maintain the bucket upright unless 
 an abnormal force is used to free it. 
 
 This article of equipment supports the rifle while it is on the sad- 
 dled horse. Before " Standing to horse " the trooper attaches his 
 rifle to his belt by passing the muzzle up through the belt ring and 
 engaging the snap hook of the belt ring strap into the trigger guard. 
 To insure that the trigger guard screws may not work out due to this
 
 17 
 
 method of slinging the rifle to the hclt. tighlcii tlu' tiiggi>r guard 
 screws periodically. 
 
 At " Stand to horse," the rifle being slung to the belt, the trooper 
 then has both hands free to use for any purpose. Being at " Stand 
 to horse," ui:)on any preparatory command, except for mounting or 
 linking horses, at once unsling rifle from belt ring and take position 
 of " Order arms," removing bridoon reins from horse's neck and 
 passing right ai-m through them, if necessary. If the conunand is 
 for linking horses, link first, and then unsling rifle. To mount, pro- 
 ceed as though without rifle. When seated in saddle, with left 
 hand grasp rifle at bolt, barrel to the front, slip butt of the rifle into 
 the bucket, steadying the latter witli left foot if desired, and take the 
 position of the trooper mounted. To dismount, at preparator}'^ com- 
 mand, seize the rifle with left hand at the bolt, give it a quick, forci- 
 ble pull, lifting butt from the bucket, and let rifle hang from the belt. 
 After this preparation dismount as though without rifle, except that 
 as the right foot passes over the croup, bring it beside the left foot, 
 still in the stirrup, and make a slight pause. This permits rifle to 
 come to rest in a vertical position and prevents its unnecessary 
 swinging as trooper descends to the ground. 
 
 The rifle carrier is fastened to the saddle horse by passing the end 
 of the attaching strap downward through the loop on near cantle 
 hinge, and securing by its proper stud and loop on back side of stand- 
 ing portion of the boot. The free end of this strap below the stud 
 forms a depending billet which attaches to the near buckle of the car- 
 I'ier strap. The boot is adjusted to the particular trooper by placing 
 him on the saddle horse, his rifle in the bucket, and raising or lower- 
 ing the boot to suit his convenience. The retaining strap is purely a 
 safety device. In case the trooper should he thrown towai-d the near 
 side, the retaining strap will be forcibly pulled from its loop, the 
 bucket will fall and release the rifle butt. The trooper will thus be 
 disengaged fi'om his horse. When thiown in any ether direction, 
 this act will of itself withdraw the rifle from the bucket. Once the 
 retaining strap is Avithdrawn from its loop from any cause, the 
 trooper befoi'e mounting should replace it. This is easily done. 
 Pass the free end up through leather facing of standing part, if 
 necessary, then through metal loop, and draw bucket into vertical 
 position against standing pai-t of boot. Turn free end of retaining 
 strap on itself, and pass back thi-ough metal loop, above previous 
 part, then downwai'd thi-ough leathei- loo]) on outside face of stand- 
 ing part, and draw it sufliciently snug to hrii^g fold to lo'tthln ahouf \ 
 inch of metal loop. 
 
 It is impracticable with this carrying device to "advance rifle." 
 
 58150°— 18 2
 
 18 
 Stock Cover. 
 
 (Plate IV.) 
 
 This is essentially u protecting band of collar leather, 7 to 8 ounces, 
 Avhich clamps snugly around the rifle stock just above the rear sight 
 and extends forward along the stock for a distance of about 9f inches. 
 The object of the cover is to prevent injury to the rifle where it 
 comes in contact with the belt ring, and further to prevent injury 
 to the belt ring by the sling swivel of the rifle moving up and downi 
 through it. It is practically a plain cylinder of leather, except that 
 it is cut away where it passes over the lower band and swivel and 
 sling of the rifle, and a protecting flap, called the swivel safe, is 
 sewed on at this point. The cover is kept in place by a spring bolt 
 and lock riveted into the overlapping edges. The swivel safe above 
 mentioned has two slots cut in it, through which the sHng of the 
 rifle may be passed. 
 
 To place, lock the cover together just above its position on the 
 rifle, slip it down to its proper position, and secure it there by pass- 
 ing the gun sling through lower slot from outside inward, then 
 thi-ough swivel from below upward, then through upper slot from 
 inside outward, thence back to sliding loop on gun sling and draw 
 taut to press swivel against stock below the band. 
 
 Rifle Cover. 
 
 (Piute IV.) 
 
 This article is made af olive-drab qotton duck, 8 ounces per square 
 yard in weight, fiber dyed. It is of one single piece, except for a 
 reinforce band at the muzzle end 4 inches w'ide. There is a draw- 
 string of cotton seine twine. The length of the cover made up is 
 34 inches, Avhich length is determined by the fact that the trigger 
 guard nuist be exposed to permit of attachment of belt-ring snap. 
 The cover is practically waterproof, and makes up in a measure for 
 the loss of protection to the rifle in storms, formerly furnished by 
 the old-pattern rifle scabbard. The proper authority will determine 
 on what occasions it will be made use of. When not worn on the rifle, 
 it can be conveniently carried in the cantle roll. 
 
 The Cavalry Saber, Model of 1913. 
 
 (Plate v.) 
 
 The cavalry saber, model of lOl.*^. has a straight two-edged hlade, 
 with a chi.sel point. The blade is of forged steel; extreme length, 
 including grip, being approximately 41| inches. The blade proper
 
 19 
 
 tapers from a width of 1.175 inclu's ami a thickness of 0.298 inch at 
 the guard to a ^A'i(Uh of 0.58 inch and a thickness of 0.162 inch, 1.8 
 inches from the point, and from the hitter section for\A'ard is tapered 
 to the chisel point. The bhide has a groove running down each 
 side to within 4J inches of the point. I>oth edges are sharp, except 
 that the back is dulled to a width of 0.08 inch for a distance of 18 
 inches from the guard and the front edge for a distance of 12 inches 
 from the guard. 
 
 The grip end of the bhide is shaped to take the pommel^ which is 
 a steel forging forming the back of the grip. This piece is checked 
 with diagonal milling cuts 11 per inch and has a checked thumb de- 
 pression. This ponnnol is fastened to the back of the bla(k» and to 
 the sides are fastened the right and left cpvps of black hard rubber 
 checked Avith 13 per inch checking. The rubber grips are fastened on 
 Avith two grip scrcAA's about 1 inch long, passing through grips and 
 bhide. The pommel is secured to the blade by a pommel screAA' at the 
 extreme rear end 1| inches long, AA'hich screws into the blade. 
 
 The guard is of sheet steel 0.042 inch thick, pressed to form a 
 complete protection for the hand and stiffened by three grooves 
 pressed into it. The guard is fastened at its rear end by being brazed 
 to a connection plug Avhich enters tlie pommel piece, and is held 
 therein b3' the pommel screAv passing through it. The guard is 
 furtlier stiffened by the edges being rolled iuAA'ard all around the 
 guard. Just beloAv the guard on the blade is a sheet steel wa.^her 
 and beloAv that a leather toasher to protect the guard against the 
 saber scabbard. 
 
 The guard and j)()inmel are given a broAvn finish and the blade is 
 left bright and polished. 
 
 The saber Avill be issued sharp, and should be kept in that condi- 
 tion. The metal portions of the hilt should not be brightened by 
 polishing. If rust gathers upon them, rub it off Avith an oiled rag. 
 The saber is carried in the saber carrier, edge to the rear, secured by 
 tlic billet on the carrier through loop on the scabbard. 
 
 The Service Saber Scabbard. 
 
 (IMate V.) 
 
 This scabbard is made up of a hickoiT body, thoroughly seasoned 
 and dipped in oil and white lead; a rairhlde cover, scAved uji Avith 
 a raAA'hide string and drawn on tightly. Avhen Avet, so as to dry in 
 place, making a firm covering, and tiien liioroiighly coated Avith 
 shellac; an outer covering of tubular olive-drab webbing; a tip of 
 draAvn steel, forced on, riveted Avith three through rivets and 
 crimped to the body; a mouthpiece of pressed steel, Avelded at the
 
 20 
 
 seams and having a ring on each side for attaching saber attach- 
 ment, the mouthpiece riveted to scabbard by three bifurcated rivets 
 and crimped. Inside this mouthpiece is a flat spring, which bears 
 on the saber so as to hokl it firmly in phice, but at the same time 
 admitting of easy withdrawal of saber. 
 
 The metal parts have a dull bronze finish, and the web cover is 
 given two coats of shellac to render it waterproof, of unifrom ap- 
 pearance, and not easily soiled. The tip has a point with a hole 
 for drainage, the tip being of proper size to fit the grommets of 
 the shelter tent, so that the scabbard Avith saber in it can be used 
 for a shelter-tent pole. 
 
 IMetal parts of the scabbard must not be polished. If rusty, clean 
 them with an oiled rag. The canvas cover should not be soiled by 
 smearing oil or grease upon it. 
 
 The Saber Knot. 
 
 The saber knot consists of two ^-inch body straps, 13^ inches 
 long, on which are two movable slides. At one end a 3|-inch but- 
 ton loop is attached by means of a button, and at the other end is 
 secured a blind tassel body composed of a compact roll of leather 
 about 2f inches long by f inch in diameter. 
 
 Saber Carrier, Service. 
 
 (riate v.) 
 
 The saber carrier consists of two princi])al parts, a base piece and 
 the saber loop. The loop is essentially a tube of medium harness 
 leather (> inches long and of oval cross section to conform to the 
 scabbard Avhich is carried in it. The loop is lined with a light collar 
 leathei-. 
 
 The loop is hung from the base piece by means of a large bronze 
 joint or swivel, which is so designed as to permit of motion relative 
 to the base piece only in one plane, i. e., the vertical plane parallel 
 to the axis of the animal. This motion is itself restricted by stops 
 in the swivel suitably located so that the loop carrying the scabbard 
 and saber can swing about 40° to th? front or rear. 
 
 The loop has stitched onto its outside a saber loop billet, a strap 
 of 7 to 8 ounce collar leather, which serves to fasten the scabbard 
 in place in the saber loop. 
 
 The base piece is made up of two pieces of leather about 12^ inches 
 long and 5^'^. inches wide at widest part, the upper corners rounded 
 and the lower end tapered down to 1^ inches wide. These two pieces 
 are stitched together all around the edges, and the outer one has a 
 2.8-inch hole where the stationary part of the swivel protrudes. At
 
 21 
 
 the upper corner of the base piece is riveted and stitched an attach- 
 ing strap or billet of medium harness leather 1^ inches wide. This 
 strap is 23| inches lono;, and after passing up to the off suspension 
 loop on the cantle of the saddle returns to a 1^-inch bronze-finished 
 barrel roller buckle on the base piece. 
 
 Extending from the tapered-down bottom of the base piece is a 
 depending billet, a strap of medium harness leather 1^ inches wide 
 and 21^ inches long, which ]iassos under the animal and is buckled 
 to the carrier straj). 
 
 In the base piece just above the swivel is a key slot cut through 
 the swivel plate and leathei- of the base piece w^hich is for attaching 
 the intrenching tool carrier to the saber carrier. 
 
 The o'fficers' saher carTier differs from the above in several partic- 
 ulars; the base piece is lightei- and padded with goat hair next to the 
 animal where the swivel would be a})t to chafe. The attaching and 
 depending billets are of 7 to 8 ounce collar leather | inch wide; the 
 loop is lighter and slightly longer; the swivel is of lighter construc- 
 tion and permits slightly less swing to front and rear. 
 
 This carrier is designed to carry the bright metal officers' garrison 
 scabbard only. In the field officers will use the service scabbard. 
 
 The scabbard is placed on the off side of the saddled horse and 
 held in place by passing its attaching strap through the loop on the 
 off cantle hinge. The depending billet buckles to the carrier strap. 
 Adjust so that saber shall swing in a vertical plane. . Keep swnvel 
 well oiled. Do not brighten metal parts. 
 
 If it is desired to be armed with the saber mounted, but without 
 the rifle carrier boot, or the special picket pin carrier, as the case 
 may be, remove the carrier strap wholly from the equipment. Then 
 buckle the depending billet of the saber carrier into the swivel buckle 
 on the girth and adjust to proper tension. It is probable that this 
 billet end will not pass into the standing loop beyond the swivel 
 buckle, on account of the angle made by this billet. This need cause 
 no inconvenience — dispose of the billet end by tucking it in between 
 the strands of the girth, which will answer just as well. 
 
 When separating from the horses for extended fighting on foot, if 
 the horses are to be led any material distance or over rough gi^ound, 
 then the saber should be secured to its scabbard by the saber knot. 
 
 The Carrier Strap. 
 
 (Phitc XIII.) 
 
 This is a leather safe, trilobular in shape, about 6^ inches wide 
 and 5 inches long. To the foi-ward lobe is attached a strap of 9^ 
 to 10| ounce bridle leather. \\ inches wide by 12 inches long, which 
 connects the carrier to the girth by means of the buckle in the center
 
 22 
 
 of the girth. To each side k)be of the carrier strap is attached by 
 a leather chape a l]-iiich nuiHeable-iron roller buckle, bronzed, the 
 leather cliape carrying a standing loop. These buckles serve as means 
 of attaching the depending billets of the saber carrier and rifle car- 
 rier boot, or special picket pin carrier. 
 
 The purpose of this article is to retain the rifle boot, or special 
 locket pin carrier, as the case may be, and the saber carrier snugly 
 against the flanks of the horse, thus avoiding all flapping, swinging, 
 and unnecessary motion of whatever kind. It should be draw^n suffi- 
 cientl,y snug to accurately accomi)lisli this purpose and no more. It 
 serves in no sense as a rear girth — the saddle needs no rear girth — 
 and it should not be employed for any such purpose. The strap 
 attaching it to buckle in girth admits of easy adjustment to accom- 
 modate horses of different conformation. 
 
 The Intrenching Tools. 
 
 (TMale VI.) 
 
 The hTiovpI. — This consists of a blade only, the trooper's picket 
 pin supplying the handle. 
 
 The shovel is of sheet steel 0.058 inch thick. It is 7| inches long 
 and 6| inches wide at the top. The top edge is bent over toward 
 the concave side of the shovel so as to form a stiffening rib -^^ inch 
 wide along the top edge of two thicknesses of metal. 
 
 On the front of the shovel is a socket made of forged steel riveted 
 on with six ^^g-inch rivets. This socket fits the small end of the picket 
 pin. A short 5-link steel chain is fastened to the shovel near the 
 socket, and this chain carries at its outer end a split pin which enters 
 a hole in the picket pin, thus securing the latter Avhen in its place as a 
 shovel handle. 
 
 To assemble, slip the pin into the socket in the blade, turn the pin 
 gently till the hole in the web of the pin is nearest the cotter pin of 
 the blade. Insert this cotter pin in the hole in the web and turn 
 the picket pin handle till the chain binds. To detach, reverse the 
 process. Do not use blows or violence. Keep the picket pin clean 
 and free from rust and there will be no difficulty. Carry the shovel, 
 on the march, in the outer compartment in the intrenching tool car- 
 rier, convex surface outward. To go on the dismounted firing line 
 the trooj)er assembles his shovel in the tool frog of his belt, concave 
 surface next him, carries the depending strap of his belt ring across 
 on the outside of th(> sho\el blade from rear to front, and engages 
 its snap hook upon the upper edge of the belt just in front of the 
 magazine pocket on the left side. 
 
 The Pu'h. — This is a single, chisel-pointed pick, made of tool steel; 
 the pick, consisting of head only is G^ inches long over all, 1 inch
 
 23 
 
 wide at the blade, tapering back 4i inches to f inch wide. Thickness 
 at base of bevel ^'V inch, tapering back 4J inches to -^n inch. The 
 eye for the handle is forged in the head to fit the larger end of the 
 picket pin snugly. The pick is ground to an edge, tempered, and 
 painted olive drab all over. Weight when finished 9i ounces. 
 
 This article, as the above, utilizes trooper's picket pin for its 
 handle. Introduce the pin through the e3'^e of the pick from the front 
 toward the rear, hammer face of pin toward back of pick. The pick 
 is issued along with the shovel blades in the proportion of one pick 
 to three shovels. On the horse it is carried in the intrenching-tool 
 carrier. To carry dismounted, assem])le, slip point of pin handle' 
 down through loop of tool frog, edge to the front, and secure belt- 
 ring strap as explained in case of the shovel. 
 
 The 2^ick cover (Plate IV) remains constantl}^ upon the pick except 
 when the latter is in use; the trooper then puts the cover in his 
 pocket for the time being. 
 
 The Ilafrkef. — This consists of the head only and is 4| inches 
 long centrally, measured on the face of the blade, the back of the 
 head being rectangular and 2^ inches by f inch. The eye is forged 
 in the head to fit the larger end of the picket pin snugly. The 
 edge is ground sharp and tempered, and the head is painted olive 
 drab all over except the cutting edge for | inch wide. The hatchet 
 finished weighs 20 ounces. 
 
 As above stated, the head only is finished. Place the picket pin 
 in the eye of the hatchet from front to rear, face of hammer head 
 on same side as back of hatchet head. A slight blow or jar on ex- 
 treme hammer end Avill tighten the hatchet on pin handle. To loosen 
 it jar the point end of the pin. This tool is issued to troops at the 
 rate of one for each sergeant, omitting the first sergeant. It is car- 
 ried in the intrenching tool carrier, in the same compai'tment as the 
 shovel or pick of the other troopers. To carry dismounted, assemble, 
 slip point end of pin down through loo]) of tool frog, edge to the 
 front, and secure belt-ring strap as explained in case of the shovel. 
 
 The hatchet cover (Plate IV) remains constantly upon the hatchet 
 except when the latter is in use; the trooper then puts the cover in his 
 pocket for the time being. 
 
 The Intrenching-Tool Carrier. 
 
 The intrffirhiiuf-iool ('(in-ier (Plat^ VI) is a leather pocket con- 
 forming to shape of shovel, nuide of a front and back of medium har- 
 ness leather stitched together around the edges. The back piece is 
 longer than the front and doubles over to form a flap, which flap is 
 locked by t^wo staples protruding through the flap and double-ended 
 billet passing through the staples. The pocket has a partition of 5 to
 
 24 
 
 C) ounce collar leather, thus forming a large inside pocket for carrying 
 horseshoes, nails, etc. There is a small nail pocket of 3i-ounce collar 
 leather 3^ by 2| inches wide, which can be removed from the shovel 
 carrier, but is attached thereto by a short thong. 
 
 This article of the equipment is for the purpose of carrying either 
 the shovel, the pick, or the hatchet, as the case may be, in its outer 
 coniiiartniont, and the trooper's extra horseshoe and nails in the inner 
 compartment. It is attached to the saddled horse l)v means of the 
 saber carrier and the loop at the rear of the off girth-strap adjuster. 
 To attach it. to the saber carrier, turn the saber carrier till the axis 
 of its slot is parallel to and just over that of the lock stud on the 
 intrenching-tool carrier. Slip the stud through the slot and turn 
 the saber carrier on this stud so that when the axis of the base piece 
 of the saber carrier is vertical, and its depending billet extending 
 downward, that of the intrenching-tool carrier will be horizontal, 
 and slip the billet of the saber carrier through the loop on the lower 
 edge of intrenching-tool carrier. The saber carrier is then attached 
 to the saddle and carrier strap by its proper billets, and the billet 
 at point of intrenching-tool carrier is buckled through loop on girth- 
 strap adjuster into its proper buckle. 
 
 The Cavalry Picket Pin and Lariat. 
 
 The picket p/n (Plate VI) is a forging of medium-grade crucible 
 steel. It is 13f inches over all length and is slightly tapering from 
 a width of 1:^ inches under the head to ^ inch diameter f inch above 
 the point. The shank of the pin is of channel section, for lightness, 
 from the head to 3J inches from the point with a web i% inch thick. 
 The head of the pin is shaped like a claw hammer, so that the pin 
 can be used as such when desired. The point and head are given a 
 mild temper. 
 
 The lariat (Plate VIII) is made of olive-drab cotton webbing, 
 §-inch wide, oval in section. At one end is a J-inch swivel eye- 
 bolt snap, bronze finish, and at the other end a double eye. The 
 double eye is of bronze, and the part engaging in the loop of the 
 lariat is a |-inch D. while the other part is a ring 1^ inches diameter. 
 The lariat assembled is 15 feet long, exclusive of the snap and 
 double eye. 
 
 The picket pin serves as a handle for the several intrenching tools, 
 also a shooing hammer and a clinching iron in emergencies, as well 
 as its usual i)urpose of aiding in tethering a horse. To use it with 
 the lariat, snap the hook of the latter into the halter ring, and drive 
 the pin through the ring of the double eye on the lariat, leaving the 
 hammer head slightly above the surface of the ground. The ring 
 will then work around the pin as the horse feeds, giving a swivel
 
 'SO 
 
 effect. In case the horse pulls up the pin, the loop will draw off the 
 pin, and the latter should be found near the point it was driven. 
 The pin is carried on the march either in its case on the saber scab- 
 bard or in the special carrier, as the case may be. 
 
 The Picket Pin Case. 
 
 The picket pin case (PI. VT) is a slightly conical tube of 7 to 8 
 ounces, collar leather, 13^ inches long, shaped to fit the picket pin 
 quite closely. There are two straps with buckles which encircle it and 
 secure it to the saber scabbard, the upper one J inch wide and the 
 lower § inch wide, both of 7 to 8 ounce collar leather. A billet piece 
 at the top passes over the head of the pin and secures it. 
 
 The case carries the picket pin for those troopers armed with the 
 rifle. The upper strap passes around the scabbard through the car- 
 rier rings thereon. The lower strap passes around the scabbard. 
 
 The Ration Bags. 
 
 (Plate X.) 
 
 These bags, one right and one left, forming a pair, are made of a 
 heavy fiber dyed duck. No. 1, which weighs 28 ounces per square 
 yard. The back piece is approximately 21 inches long and 7 inches 
 wide, the lower 11^ inches being double in thickness. This piece i^s 
 bound around the edges with cotton webbing -^^ ounce per yard 
 and % inch wide. 
 
 To this back piece is stitched the pocTcet hody^ made of one piece of 
 the No. 1 duck, the pattern being cut to include the front, side gussets, 
 bottom, and gusset flaps at the top, the whole forming, when stitched 
 to the back piece, a pocket approximately 6 inches wide, 11 inches 
 long, and 3 inche^s deep. On the back of each back piece is fastened 
 a sttspoidcr of cotton webbing 2 inches wide. This suspender is so 
 attached to the back piece that it can swing out at the proper angle 
 for slinging over the shoulder (about -10°), or can swing over in a 
 line parallel with the axis of the bag when used to connect the two 
 bags for slinging over the cantle of the saddle. 
 
 The forwai'd side of each bag i,s so arranged that the back piece 
 extends out from under (he pocket ; these extensions, when over- 
 lapped, serve as a means for connecting the bags together to form a 
 knapsack, as shown asseml)led in plate. 
 
 When used as a knapsack the belt and stay gtrap shown in plate 
 are attached to the billet on Ihe sus])ender body. Wlien the bags are 
 arranged to sling over the cantle of the saddle these belts and stay 
 straps are removed from the suspender billet and attached to a billet 
 at the bottom of each bag and serve to connect the bags to small 
 D -rings on the rifle boot and saber carrier to steady the bags in place.
 
 26 
 
 To the outside of the pocket of each bag is stitched a flap of the 
 No. 1 duck, 10^ by 4iV inches; this piece is stitched only along its 
 bottom edge and rear edge, the front and top edges being free. The 
 front edge is provided with six grommets for lacing, so that when the 
 two bags are assembled into the knapsack these flaps are laced up to 
 form the meat-can pocket. 
 
 The ration bags are intended for campaign use and will carry two 
 haversack rations and one emergency ration (packed after the man- 
 ner of the present issue of rations), although their ordinary contents 
 will be one haversack ration and one emergency ration. These rations 
 will distribute quite evenly, both as to weight and volume, between 
 the two bags. 
 
 The bacon bag is an accessory of the ration bags and is intended 
 to carry the portion of a trooper's haversack ration of bacon remain- 
 ing after he has broken open the can and consumed some of it. Place 
 the bacon in the bag without the can. It is not probable the can 
 could be gotten in the bag, and in any case it would only strain and 
 tear the bag. The enamel lining has been analyzed and found 
 harndess. 
 
 Four leather thongs are supplied each trooper for securing his 
 blanket when dismounted, or for other purposes. They are carried 
 in the ration bags. Keep them clean, soft, and pliable. 
 
 (1) To pack the ration bags with two haversack rations and one 
 emergencj' ration when bacon is furnished as a meat component, 
 place in the rear ration bag two hard-bread packages, on the side 
 next to the horse, and one can of bacon on the outside, with the flat 
 side of the bacon can against the hard-bread packages. If the bacon 
 is in a short or Morris can, push it to the bottom of the bag and put 
 the two grocery components above it. If the bacon is in a long or 
 Dold can, the two grocery components placed flat side down will 
 just fit in level on top of the bacon and the hard bread. Then in the 
 off ration bag put one emergency ration flat side down in the bottom 
 of the bag. Next put in two packages of hard bread on the side next 
 to the horse and one can of bacon on the outside. If this can is a 
 Morris can, it will only fill the lower half. If it is a Dold or long can, 
 it will reach to the top of ration bag. Packed in this w^ay the off 
 bag is 1^ ounces heavier than the near bag, as near to a balance as the 
 contents will permit. 
 
 (2) When canned corned beef is carried instead of bacon the same 
 system of j^laciug the hard bread and canned meat is followed, as 
 above, except that the long pyramidal can of corned beef will extend 
 to the bottom of each ration bag where its sharp edges will wear out 
 the canvas unless a wadding of paper or hay is first thrust into the 
 bag. In carrying this particular can of meat, care must always be
 
 27 
 
 taken to protect the bottom of the bag in the manner mentioned. 
 The emergency ration in the off pocket shoukl n^)t be placed in tlie 
 bottom but should be brought up and put alongside the corned-beef 
 can in order to give a better shape to the bag. The balance will be 
 the same as when bacon is carried, although the rations weigh 11 
 ounces more. 
 
 (3) If the issue of the meat component happens to be one-half 
 bacon and yne-half corned beef, the bags are packed with three hard- 
 liread packages, two grocery components and one emergency ration 
 on the near side and one hard bread, one bacon, and one corned-beef 
 can on the off side. This makes the off bag H ounces heavier than 
 the near bag, exactly as before. 
 
 (4) To pack the ration bags with one haversack ration and one 
 emergency ration when the meat component of the former is bacon, 
 place one hard-bread carton, one grocery component, and one emer- 
 gency ration in the near bag. The off bag is then 2 ounces heavier 
 than the near bag, as nearly as the contents can be made to balance. 
 In order to keep the bag in shape, stuff with hay, oats, or grass. 
 
 (5) As rations are consumed, i-earrange remaining contents so as 
 to keep the balance. If one side must be heavier than the other, let 
 it be always the off side, thus aiding in counterbalancing the weight 
 of the rifle. To hold remaining contents in place, stuff bags with 
 paper or extra oats and lace the grommets with small thong. When 
 only the emergency ration remains, put it and bags in cantle roll. 
 
 To place the filled bags on the saddled horse, first buckle a belt 
 and stay strap to the billet depending downward and forward from 
 each bag and couple the bags together, the lacing grommets of each 
 bag to the rear, by engaging the hook at the extremity of each sus- 
 pender into the little D ring on the upper portion of the opposite 
 bag, then adjust suspenders to minimum length. Having first placed 
 the shelter-tent roll and lariat across the bars just in rear of the 
 cantle, then place over them the suspenders of the bags and pull the 
 ends of the shelter-tent roll through the suspenders on each side so 
 that these ends will rest on top of the bags. Fasten the pack by the 
 center oi" cantle-roll coat strap liglitly, and then step behind the 
 horse and verify the balance of the pack, adjusting as necesfsary; 
 then tightW grasp and bind tlie cantle roll, lariat, and suspenders 
 with all coat straps, so that the pack entire rides snugly and well up 
 above the back. Finally, engage tlie sua]:) hooks of the belt and stay 
 straps iuto the small D rings on the saber carrier and (he rifle-<"arriei- 
 boot, first liaving made a ti'ial adjustment of each, so that Avhen 
 engaged the bags Avill ride snugly in the correct ])osition. When 
 the ration bags are not needed, roll them inside the cjuitle roll or 
 l)lac(' thciu with the roll in the wagon, as the circumstances may 
 permit.
 
 28 
 
 To use the ration bags dismounted, place them side by side on the 
 ground or on some convenient support, one set of Uicing grommets 
 superposed upon the other, and draw the lacing web snugly through 
 these grommets. It will be retained there by friction. Place the 
 meat can, with knife, fork, and spoon, inside in the pocket for that 
 purpose, lace the pocket together with the thong provided, and se- 
 cure covering flaps. The two bags have now formed a single knap- 
 sack, Phice tlio knapsack on the trooper's back, above the bandoleer 
 in case that ailicle is worn, suspenders up; bring the billet ends of 
 the suspenders down in front of the shoulders, carry them under the 
 respective arms and shoulders of the trooper, and engage the hook 
 at the end of each into the rectangular loop at the lower end of the 
 ration bag, either the loop on same bag with suspender or the loop on 
 the other bag, as found more convenient. Attach the belt and stay 
 straps to the billet pieces placed on body of suspender, if not already 
 there, engage the hooks on these straps each into an eyelet on the 
 cartridge belt, and adjust both the suspenders and the belt and stay 
 strap to the particular trooper's convenience. 
 
 To add the blanket to the dismounted trooper, form it into a con- 
 venient roll about 42 inches long, place it symmetrically on top of 
 knapsack, break down the ends about the upper corners of the knap- 
 sack, and secure the roll snugly to the top and sides of the knapsack 
 by the thongs provided for this purpose. When the blanket roll is 
 inclosed in the shelter half the ropes of the latter can be used to 
 secure the free ends of the roll to the sides of the knapsack. 
 
 The Service Pommel Pockets. 
 
 (Plate VIT.) 
 
 The pommel pockets are made of bag leather, 5 to 6 ounces per 
 square foot in weight, the near and olf pockets being stitched onto a 
 base of medium harness leather, so shaped as to fit over the pommel 
 of the saddle and suspend the pockets therefrom on either side. This 
 base piece is made in halves, each half approximately 17|^ inches long 
 and T^ inches wide at widest part where pocket is mounted upon it, 
 and tapering down to about 3§ inches w^ide where it passes over pom- 
 mel. The two halves are joined together at the narrow part, the 
 joint being reinforced with a strip of medium harness leather If 
 inches wide and 3| inches long. The base piece above described forms 
 the inner wall of each pocket, and the walls or gussets of the pockets 
 and the top flaps, all of bag leather, are stitched to the base piece. 
 
 The pockets are approximately 10 inches long, 7^ inches wide, and 
 3^ inches thick, the bottom ends being semicircular in shape. 
 
 They are attached to the saddle by engaging the high foot staples 
 on the pommel through the slots in the base piece of the pockets and
 
 29 
 
 fiustening them in that position, either by the billets on the base piece 
 or by passing the double buckle coat straps through them, as will be 
 explained later, and then passing the attaching strap on each pocket 
 through the loop at forward end of skirt near that pocket, buckle 
 tongue pointing to the front, drawing snug, and buckling. The near 
 pocket contains canteen with cover and cup, in main compartment, 
 wire cutters in smaller compartment. The off pocket contains meat 
 can, knife, fork, and spoon in canvas bag, grooming outfit above, and 
 sponge, soap, and calkins, and extractor, when carried, below in 
 main compartment, and cooling strap in its proper compartment. 
 The small outside compartment opening from below is for the troop- 
 er's personal needs, pipe, tobacco, etc. 
 
 The Grooming Cloth. 
 
 (Plate VII.) 
 
 While the condemned saddle blankets furnish the principal source 
 of the grooming cloth, the burlap grain sack makes an excellent 
 grooming cloth. This source will doubtless always be abundant. 
 The cloths may be cut of any convenient size for use in garrison, but 
 should be limited for field service to the available space for carrying 
 the cloth in the pommel pockets. The grooming cloth is not an 
 article of issue. 
 
 Knife, Model of 1910. 
 
 (Plate VIl.) 
 
 This is made of a blade of cutlery steel and a handle of aluminum 
 cast onto the blade. The blade is groimd and polished and handle 
 stamped " U. S." and " R. I. A." and year of manufacture. This 
 article is identical with the infantry knife. 
 
 Fork, Model of 1910. 
 
 (Plate VII.) 
 
 The fork is made of one piece of noncorrosive metal stamped to 
 shape. It has the letters " U. S." and " R. I. A." and year of manu- 
 facture stamped into it. This article is identical with the infantry 
 fork. 
 
 Spoon, Model of 1910. 
 
 (Plate VII.) 
 
 The spoon is made of one piece of noncorrosive metal stamped to 
 shape. It has the letters " U. S." and " R. I. A." and year of manu- 
 facture stamped into it. This article is identical with the infantry 
 spoon.
 
 30 
 Meat Can, Model of 1910. 
 
 (Plate VII.) 
 
 This article is idontieal Avith (he Iiifnnrrv meat can and is made 
 of an aluminum body and cover, both of which are formed in dies 
 and have the rim rolled o\"er for stitl'ness. IJiveted to the body is 
 (he hinge and handle, and to the cover is riveted the loop. When the 
 meat can is assembled the handle folds over the cover and the hooked 
 end of it engages the rim of the body, holding the cover firmly in 
 place. 
 
 The Canteen Cover, Model of 1910. 
 
 (Plate VII.) 
 
 The aluminum canteen, model of 1010, consists of the following 
 parts : 
 
 One body, aluminmn; one collar, noncorrosive metal; one shackle, 
 noncorrosive metal; one cap chain, German silver; one cap rivet, 
 (lerman silver; one cap, aluminum; one gasket. The body of the 
 canteen is of pure sheet aluminum, which is formed into the shape of 
 a bottle, having one concave side and a capacity of approximately 
 2 pints. The collar is assembled to the canteen neck, and the cap 
 is attached to the canteen collar b}^ means of the chain, shackle, and 
 sliding ring. The shackle is so designed that, should the chain 
 break, the shackle can be opened, the detached links threaded to 
 that portion of the chain remaining attached to the cap, and the 
 entire chain connected to the sliding ring by means of the shackle. 
 Shackles are issued separately for purposes of repair when desired, 
 as are also caps and chains. 
 
 The Cup, Model of 1910. 
 
 The cup, model of 1910, consists of the following parts: 
 One body, aluminmn; one handle, noncorrosive metal; one sliding 
 lock, noncorrosive metal; one hinge, noncorrosive metal; one hinge 
 pin. The cup is drawn seandess from sheet metal, the upper edge of 
 the cup being stiffened by a bead formed on the body. The cup is 
 so shaped as to fit over the bottom end of the canteen, and the handle 
 is so formed that when it is not in use it fits snugly around the cup. 
 The handle contains a slot into which the fork may be fitted Avhen 
 it is desired to lengthen the handle. Both the canteen and cup are 
 identical with those of the Infantry equipment.
 
 31 
 The Canteen, Model of 1910. 
 
 (Plate VII.) 
 
 This coA'er is made of olive-drab cotton duck No, 9, fiber dyed, and 
 is lined with a blue-gray felt. The cover has two flaps which pass 
 over the top of the canteen on either side of the neck and are pro- 
 vided with snap fasteners. These fasteners, like all of this type used 
 on service equipment, are so designed that they will open easily if 
 pulled in a direction of the longitudinal axis of the fastener (which 
 is oval in shape), but will not open if pulled in any other direction, 
 thus avoiding trouble from opening by brushing against objects, 
 clothing, or other men. 
 
 On the back of the cover is a web strap which carries a double-end 
 wire hook, by means of which the canteen is suspended from the 
 belt when used by dismounted trooper. 
 
 Currycomb, Model of 1913. 
 
 (Plate VII.) 
 
 This article ditfers from those of pi-evious issue mainly in l>eing 
 metal throughout, except the strap, which is of olive-drab cotton 
 Avebbing. 
 
 Horse Brush. 
 
 (Plate VII.) 
 
 The horse brush has an oval back piece of russet collar leather 4,67 
 by 7.25 inches and a hand stra}) of the same material. This brush is 
 about ^ the size of that formerly issued. 
 
 Wire Cutters, Model of 1910. 
 
 (Plate VII.) 
 
 These cutters, shown in Plate VTT, are forged from a good grade 
 of tool steel. They are 8| inches long over all and have a leverage 
 at the cutting edges approximately ten times the power applied at 
 handle. 
 
 The handles are insulated with hard rubber so as to withstand a 
 voltage of .5.000 volts. The extreme ends of the handles are ]irovided 
 with soft-rubber tips, because the hard rubber is very brittle and 
 wotdd break if the cutters were dropped on hard ground. 
 
 These articles are to bc> issued to each officei- below the grade of 
 major and to each enlisted man. They are carried in their special 
 compartment in the near-ponnnel pocket,
 
 32 
 Individual Soap Box. 
 
 (Plate VII.) 
 
 This box is made of tin, couUhI with yellow enamel, is f inch deep, 
 including lid, with 2\^ inches diameter, both ontside measurements. 
 The top edge of the box is rolled inward to form a smooth, round 
 rim. The box will hold 2 ounces of saddle soap. 
 
 This article is for the purpose of supplying each man an individual 
 allowance of soap for cleaning his equipments. It is carried on the 
 march in his off pouunel pocket. When its contents are exhausted it 
 should be refilled from stores in bulk, and uot thrown away as useless. 
 
 The 4-inch Sponge. 
 
 (Plate VII.) 
 
 This is provided for the individual use of the trooper and should 
 not be cut. If cut it would soon fray out and be used up. It is car- 
 ried in the off pommel pocket. • 
 
 The Care of the Equipment. 
 
 This general subject is entitled to a greater degree of considera- 
 tion than it has usually received in times past. It should be made a 
 matter of instruction as well as one of administration. The general 
 [)rinciples upon which the proper care of leather is based, as well as 
 the proper method of treatment, should be taught to noncommis- 
 sioned officers in their regular school as are the subjects of Guard 
 Duty. Drill Regulations, etc. The cleaning and oiling of the equip- 
 ment should, Avhenever practicable, be superintended by a com- 
 missoned officer as is stable duty. Leather properly cared for re- 
 mains soft and pliable until absolutely worn out, probably many 
 years; if uncared for or improperly cared for it soon dries out, be- 
 comes brittle, and its fibers are then easily broken and the equipment 
 rendered useless. Under such conditions it lasts only a compara- 
 tively short time, a few years at the most, and even during that 
 period is stiff, difficult of adjustment, and generally unsatisfactory. 
 
 It is a very simple matter in principle to properly care for leather 
 equipment — in practice, considerable skill is required. Two agents 
 only are needed to keep the equipment in first-class condition — soap 
 and oil. The soap for the purpose of removing all dirt and the 
 other matter that w^ould serve as an obstacle to the penetration of 
 the oil, the latter for softening and preserving the leather. Two 
 varieties of soap are ordinarily used — Castile and harness soap. 
 Castile soap is a powerful cleanser, frequently containing an excess
 
 33 
 
 of free alkali that renders it an active agent in removing dirt, but it 
 ]i:is no tendency of itself to soften and preserve the leather, as does 
 good harness soap, which has no free alkali, but, on the otlier hand, 
 frequently has a greater or less percentage of unconibined fatty sub- 
 stance available for softening and preserving purposes. Other agents 
 are not only wholly unnecessary but frequently absohitoly injurious 
 and should nc\or be made use of. 
 
 When new equipment is received it should, before use, be given a. 
 light application of oil. The necessity for this step is occasioned by 
 the fact that leather frequently remains a considerable period of 
 time in store in the arsenal, constantly, drying out and parting with 
 its oil. Upon issue this oil should be replaced. As new equipment 
 is alread}' clean, no application of soap is necessary in this instance. 
 All that is needed is that the leather be slightly moistened, and that 
 the oil be lightly and quickly applied. As far as practicable the oil 
 should l)e applied on the flesh side, as it penetrates much more 
 readily from this side than from the gi'ain side. It should be ap- 
 plied by a rag or cotton waste, moistened in it to prevent an undue 
 amount being used. A larger amount would do the leather no in- 
 jury, but any amount above what the leather would readily absorb 
 and retain would not only be wasted, but would continually ooze 
 out under the action of the heat of the sun and soil the clothing. 
 In order that no more oil than is really necessary be applied, it should 
 be measured out in the l)eginning, and should rarely exceed the soap 
 box cover full, about 1 ounce, for a trooper's entire equij^ment. It 
 should be lightly applied for a similar reason. If much force is 
 used, the portions first receiving the application get too much oil. If 
 not applied quickly, the same holds true — portions where the rag is 
 allowed to rest too long take up too much. A light, evenly dis- 
 tributed application should be the aim. Neafs-foot oil is furnished 
 by the Ordnance Department for this -purpose, and no other oils 
 should l)e used. After the equipment has been thus oiled it should, 
 if possible, be permitted to remain in a Avarm, dry place for 24 hours, 
 if practicable, and then be rubbed thoroughly with a coarse, dry cloth 
 to remove any unabsorbed oil. 
 
 The equipment is now i-eady for use, and will be found much im- 
 proved in pliability by this initial treatment, but a single treatment 
 is insufficient to attain the desired end. As time goes on, if proper 
 care and treatment is given, the equipment will continue to improve 
 both in. flexibility and appearance until it is a delight to eye and 
 fingers. 
 
 Daily, or as often as used, the equipment should be wiped off with 
 a cloth slightly dampened in water, merely to remove mud, dust, or 
 other foreign substance, and the bits and other metal portions wiped 
 58159°— IS 3
 
 34 
 
 off with a rag slightly moistened with oil to prevent rust. This 
 takes but a few minutes after each daily use, and maintains the 
 appearance of the equipment. It is, however, insufficient of itself to 
 properly preserve it. 
 
 At intervals of from one to four weeks, depending upon circum- 
 stances, it is essential that the equipment be thoroughly cleaned. To 
 do this properly every detachable piece should be separated — all 
 billets unbuckled and the entire equipment reduced to its simplest 
 elements. The trooper should then form a thick lather by moistening 
 his sponge in clean water, squeezing it out and working it vigorously 
 upon the Castile soap. "When a thick, creamy lather is thus ob- 
 tained he should thoroughly clean each piece of his leather equip- 
 ment, working the sponge upon every portion, and drawing each 
 strap its entire length through the lathered sponge, so as to actually 
 remove the salt, sweat, dirt, or whatever may be, from each leather 
 piece. After the leather parts are thus made approximately clean 
 by the use of the Castile soap he should go over them again similarly 
 with the harness soap in order to obtain a fine surface dressing and 
 finish, the former being better adapted to cleansing, the latter to 
 softening and preserving the leather. After the leather has been 
 allowed to become partially dry, but not to harden, it should be 
 rubbed thoroughly wdth a soft cloth. If the foregoing has been 
 carefully executed, the appearance of the equipment should now be 
 perfect, and if the leather is thoroughly soft and pliable nothing 
 further is required. In general, however, it will be found desirable to 
 apply a small amount of oil. This is done precisely as in the case 
 of the new equipment, care being taken to avoid an excess, and thor- 
 oughly rub w^ith a dry cloth before use. 
 
 All metal parts, except bits and spurs, need ordinarily only to 
 be wiped clean with a cloth slightly moistened in oil ; they are pur- 
 posely issued dark, and it is dasired they be retained in that con- 
 dition. The use of warm water on the bits, stirrups, or similar por- 
 tions to remove hardened saliva, sweat, mud, etc., is frequently ad- 
 vantageous. The bit, chain, and spurs may also be polished, but all 
 dark metal should be cleaned and oiled only and should never be 
 attacked with eroding agents. 
 
 The Feed Bag and Grain Bag. 
 
 (Plate Till.) 
 
 The feed bag is a canvas cylinder, open at one end, suspended 
 from the horse's neck when in use in a horizontal position, thus 
 spreading the grain over a considerable area. There are two web 
 suspending straps, one over the head and one near the withers on 
 the neck. The body of the bag is of olive-drab duck No. 9, approxi-
 
 35 
 
 mately 22^ inches long. The supporting straps arc of heavy 1-inch 
 olive-drab cotton webbing, and are fitted with bronzed snaps and 
 adjustable buckles. 
 
 The grain bag is of unbleached drilling formed into a long cyl- 
 inder, 30^ by 8 inches, open at one end. There are two soft cotton 
 binding cords sewed to the outside of the bag, one at the open end 
 and one at the center, the first to close the bag when full and the 
 second to equalize the loaded bag into two parts for slinging across 
 the pommel of the saddle. 
 
 The grain bag is used to avoid spilling grain while carrying it on 
 the march. (The capacity of the bag is 10 pounds.) Place the 
 amount of grain desired to be carried within the bag, tie the choke 
 securely, divide the grain into two approximately equal portions by 
 the string in the middle, place the bag inside the feed bag, press the 
 grain bag well over toward the side of the feed bag opposite the 
 webbing straps, fold the elliptical end piece of the feed bag in over 
 the end of the grain bag, turn the extra canvas on the side of the 
 webbing straps over upon the opposite side and secure it, first by the 
 thong attached midway of the feed bag and then by the webbing 
 straps of the latter, taking a half hitch, with each around its own 
 end of the roll thus formed, then turning the roll over and bringing 
 the free ends of these web straps out from the under side of their 
 respective ends of the roll, then up over these ends, under the half 
 hitches, and snapping the hooks thereon into each other. Place the 
 grain roll thus formed upon the pommel, hooks upon upper surface, 
 and secure by the two double-buckle straps furnished for that pur- 
 pose, the grain roll being attached by the buckle at the extremity, the 
 rain coat being attached innnediately in front of tlie grain roll by the 
 second buckle. To feed, take the grain roll off the pommel and re- 
 move grain bag from interior of feed bag. Untie grain bag and 
 empty such portion of grain as is desired to feed therefrom into 
 feed bag. Place grain bag in any desired position of safety while 
 horse is feeding. Place the feed bag on the horse so that the open- 
 ing will be innnediately under his nose and the body of the bag 
 under his neck. Snap the hooks into the corresponding D rings 
 to support bag in this position. Adjust by making the steadying 
 strap aci'oss the front of the horse's nose just sufficiently taut to allow 
 the horse to feed easily, with a portion of his nostrils always above 
 the opening. It is important that this adjustment be carefully made, 
 as in the event of the horse not feeding w^ell from the bag it will in 
 most cases be due to the lack of adjustment of this strap. Adjust 
 the remaining two straps by shortening them to a convenient height. 
 The rear one should be drawn up well back on the neck about as 
 high as comfort will permit. Once adjusted to any given horse no
 
 36 
 
 further adjustment will be needed until used on a horse of mate- 
 rially different dimensions. 
 
 By use of a second grain bag, or by carrying grain in the feed 
 bag without a grain bag and using the regular grain bag for this 
 purpose, an additional 10 pounds of grain can, in emergencies, be 
 carried in the cantle roll. 
 
 In camp or on the march grain is fed morning, noon, and evening. 
 The men are to remain near their horses until they have finished 
 eating. 
 
 Packing the Saddle. 
 
 (Plate XI.) 
 
 This should be done, whenever practicable, after the horse is sad- 
 dled. When impracticable to pack after saddling, pack the saddle 
 beforehand, and have each packed saddle placed accurately upon the 
 horse by two troopers, one on either side of the animal. It is a vir- 
 tual impossibility for the ordinary trooper, unaided, to properly 
 place his packed saddle upon his horse. His attempts to do so result 
 usually in placing the saddle inaccurately upon the back and either 
 riding all day with it in such undesirable position or, making mat- 
 ters worse, by shoving it into the proper position after it has been 
 placed, thus insuring folds and wrinkles in the layers of blanket or 
 pad below, all of which evils can be readily avoided by carrying 
 out the simple directions above. 
 
 To Form the Cantle Roll. — Lay the shelter tent on the ground and 
 turn in triangle to lie flat. Turn under from 6 inches to 8 inches 
 from end opposite the triangle. Spread the articles to be carried, 
 viz, six tent pins, necessary underclothing and toilet articles, uni- 
 formly along the triangle edge over a range not exceeding 28 inches 
 in length, leaving a vacant space of about 4 inches in the middle 
 part to enable the roll to break nicely when completed. Turn over 
 the two sides of the tent till they nearly meet in the center. Roll 
 snugly from the triangle seam toward the other end. On reaching 
 the other end, bend the roll and bring the underfolcl neatly over the 
 roll to bind and secure it in a snug, compact form. This gives a roll 
 about 30 inches long. The roll, when the ration bags are packed, 
 should rest its ends on top of the bags, holding them snug. 
 
 If the bed blanket is to be carried on the horse, fold it neatly to 
 six layers, each the size of the folded saddle blanket, and place it 
 accurately upon the latter. 
 
 Place the pommel pockets, with their prescribed contents, upon 
 the saddle as indicated under their description and pass the tapered 
 end of a double-buckle coat strap through one staple, above the 
 pommel-pocket oval, from front to rear, flesh side up. Place the
 
 37 
 
 grain roll, formed as indicated under description of that article, 
 s^^mmetrically upon the pommel, passing one of its center thongg 
 under the base piece connecting the two pockets and tying both 
 center thongs by a slipknot. Pass the second double-buckle coat 
 strap correctly through its staples and then snugly secure the grain 
 roll in position by the buckle on the main part of each double-buckle 
 coat strap. (See Plates XI and XII.) 
 
 Place the raincoat or the overcoat, as the case may be, properly 
 folded, just in front of the pommel pockets, and secure it in that 
 position, first, b}' the additional buckles on the double-buckle coat 
 straps, taking care to keep these straps toward the center so that 
 the raincoat when placed will readily break down in front of the 
 pommel pockets, and, second, by the attaching straps of the pommel 
 pockets, the billet of each of which passes from the loops on under- 
 side of pocket around in front of the lower part of the raincoat on 
 its respective side, then between the webbing strap and the feed bag 
 at its respective end of the grain roll, and by then buckling into its 
 own buckle secures pommel pockets and all snugly to the loop on 
 front edge of saddle skirt. (See Plate XI.) 
 
 Place the rifle carrier boot, saber carrier, intrenching tool carrier 
 with its prescribed contents, and carrier strap as indicated, and 
 attach the saber and picket pin in its case, all as indicated under the 
 respective descriptions of these several articles. 
 
 Place the ration bags, if carried, as stated under their description. 
 
 Form the lariat into a snug roll about 14 or 15 inches long, place 
 this roll upon the upper surface of the cantle roll, middle point of 
 lariat roll over middle point of cantle roll, and secure the combina- 
 tion thus formed to the cantle by the three coat straps pertaining 
 thereto, the cantle roll to be synnnetrically disposed as regards the 
 median plane of the animal, the coat straps to include in their grasp 
 the suspender straps of the ration bags, if the latter are carried, so 
 that all will form a compact cargo, well raised above the back of the 
 horse and side bars of the saddle. 
 
 In order to reduce the burden upon the horse, in a measure, when- 
 ever practicable, the bed blanket and the cantle roll should be carried 
 in wagons. 
 
 Cartridge Belt, Caliber .30; Cavalry. 
 
 (Plate IX.) 
 
 This belt is Avoven of olive-drab cotton duck, fiber dyed. The belt 
 is 4 feet 4 inches long, extreme length. The middle section has nine 
 interwoven pockets, each pocket to hold two clips of five United 
 Stales rifle cali})er .30 cartridges, belt between pockets and in end 
 sections to be woven oue ply. The upper portion of I lie belt is woven
 
 38 
 
 two ply to form slit housing for the pocket flaps ; these flaps fasten 
 down over the pocket by means of a snap fastener, which bears the 
 United States coat of arms. Each pocket has an interior retaining 
 strap three-fourths inch wide, which also snaps down in place. 
 
 At the ends are end fasteners riveted to the belt. These have two 
 fehort metal hooks pointing toward each other, which lock into the 
 eyelets in the body of the belt so as to give an adjustable-length belt. 
 The end sections, being turned back and fastened by the end fasten- 
 ers to give the desired length of belt, carry the belt fastener — a 
 male on the right and female on the left side — which form a quickly 
 manipulated connecting buckle. There is room on the left end sec- 
 tion to carry a double web magazine pocket for pistol ammunition. 
 To the belt on the left side is riveted a leather tool frog. 
 
 The hcJt ring is a large ring, 3^ inches inside diameter, supported 
 on two standards, which are hinged to the base so that the ring 
 may be held out in a horizontal plane when in use, or when not in 
 use may be hung down close to the trooj)er's body. The ring and 
 standards are supported when horizontal by a supj)orting brace, 
 which assumes approximately an angle of 45°, and is locked in posi- 
 tion by a double-spring latch on the standards. The ring is raised 
 to a horizontal position by the hand, and when it reaches this position 
 the supporting brace snaps over the latch without further assistance. 
 When it is desired to collapse the ring, the two halves of this spring 
 latch are squeezed together by the fingers, aided by two lugs on the 
 latch for this purpose, thus withdrawing the latch halves and freeing 
 the supporting brace. 
 
 The ring is faced inside with leather. The base supports the ring 
 standards and supporting brace and is riveted to the belt. 
 
 Suspended from the base of the ring is a strap which carries at its 
 lower end a metal snap hook which engages in the trigger guard of 
 the rifle. 
 
 This belt carries 90 rounds of rifle ammunition and 2 pistol mag- 
 azines. It should be adjusted to trooper so that the belt ring is 
 slightly in rear of left hip, when belt fasteners are on median line of 
 body. Adjustment is provided at either end of the belt, in order to 
 accomplish this purpose. When worn on dismounted duty, the belt 
 ring should be collapsed. 
 
 The Cavah-y Bandoleer, 
 
 (Plate IX.) 
 
 This article is of olive-drab duck, woven in a similar mann.er to 
 the cartridge belt. There are 12 woven- pockets, each to contain a 
 clip of 5 rifle cartridges, caliber .30, and in the middle of the belt are
 
 39 
 
 three woven pockets for pistol ammunition. The bandoleer carrier, 
 therefore, the excess of 60 rounds of rifle and 21 rounds of pistol 
 ammunition over the cartridge belt which is required b}^ Tables of 
 Organization, 1914. Place the bandoleer on the trooper so that the 
 pistol annnunition pockets are under the right arm, buckle over the 
 left shoukler, billet falling behind. 
 
 Pistol Holster. 
 
 (Plate IV.) 
 
 This holster is similar to the revolver holster previously issued; 
 it carries the pistol with butt to the rear, a block of leather on the 
 inner side of the holster holding the butt of the pistol out so that t^ie 
 butt may be grasped easily. 
 
 Attach to belt by fastening its double end hook into the eyelets 
 in the belt, or the slide, as the case may be (slightly in front of 
 right hip.) The leg strap passes around the thigh, buckle outside 
 of leg. tongue pointing to the front. Habitually the flap should be 
 kept fastened down. When the pistol is about to be used, or there is 
 a possibility of its sudden use, fasten the flap open by turning back 
 the extremity of the flap, and thrusting it down between the body 
 of the flap, and the inside portion of the holster. As this pistol is 
 less simple in its action than the old revolver, greater care must be 
 observed in the practice of returning pistol and raising pistol, in 
 order to avoid accidents. 
 
 Pouch for First-aid Packet, Model of 1910. 
 
 This pouch is made of a piece of olive-drab cotton webbing, 5.25 
 inches wide by 11.3 inches long. About two-thirds of this length is 
 folded and sewed to form a pocket and the remainder is used as a 
 flap. On the back of the pocket a double hoolc. foi- carrjnng the 
 pouch on the belt, is attached by means of a web chape. 
 
 The Spur and Straps, Model of 1911. 
 
 This article is drop-forged of one piece of 27 per cent nickel steel, 
 the strap stud being riveted in place. The service and officers' spurs 
 are identical and known as spur, model of 1911. 
 
 The spur is placed on the shoe well up toward the upper part of 
 the counter, buckle on outside of foot. Wearing the spur in the posi- 
 tion indicated preserves its life, favors the proper use of the spur as 
 an aid, as well as conforming to the proper practice. This is a steel 
 spur, and can be polished without injury. Adjust the upj)er strap
 
 40 
 
 to the foot by its buckle, attach the spur to the foot and detach it 
 therefrom by pullinor the inside end of each upper strap over the 
 spur button, instead of by using the buckle. 
 
 The Enlisted Men's Garrison Belt. 
 
 (Plate IX.) 
 
 This is the leather waist belt, to which have been added the fol- 
 lowing detachable components: A belt ring and strap, a pistol-maga- 
 zine pocket (carrying two magazines), a rifle-ammunition pocket, a 
 pistol-holster slide, and a first-aid packet pouch slide. The saber 
 hook has been omitted from the belt, as it is no longer needed for the 
 comparatively small amount of foot service the trooper will do with 
 his saber. It will never be needed for mounted duty. Such foot 
 service will consist, in the main, of carrying it to and from the stables 
 when going to mounted duties and returning therefrom. Occasions 
 will be rare when all of these accessory parts will be required at one 
 time on the belt. They are all readily removable, and only those re- 
 quired to serve the necessities at any particular occasion should be 
 retained on the belt. The belt ring is collapsed and raised in a 
 similar manner to the belt ring on the cartridge belt. The attach- 
 ments are arranged on the belt (belt outstretched, buckle to left) 
 from right to left, as follows: Pistol-magazine pocket, pistol-holster 
 slide, first-aid pouch slide, belt ring, and rifle-ammunition pocket. 
 
 To put the belt ring on the slide, raise the metal frame which 
 supports the ring from the leather pad. Place the belt in the angle 
 thus formed, resting on the clutch wire on the leather pad. Close 
 frame down on pad. Then pass buckle end of small strap over the 
 hinge bar, and buckle into the billet. 
 
 Bolo and Scabbard. 
 
 The bolo, model of 1910, has a 10;|-inch blade with a double-edged 
 point, and is 15 inches long over all. The scabbard for this bolo 
 consists of a white-pine body covered with rawhide and tubular 
 woven olive-drab cotton duck. For specifications of the scabbard, 
 see ordnance pamphlet No. 1718, " Description of the Infantry 
 Equipment, Model of 1910." 
 
 The model of 1909 bolo, which has a 14-inch pointed blade with a 
 straight l)ack and an over-all length of 19| inches, may be used in 
 lieu of the above. This bolo has a leather scabbard. 
 
 The bolo is an article of issue to the Cavalry Arm for members 
 of nuichine-gun troops only.
 
 41 
 
 Pistol Belt. 
 
 The pistol belt is made of olive-drab woven fabric, 2J inches wide 
 by 4:Q^ inches finished length, and is made adjustable at one end. 
 The belt is provided with two rows of eyelets, each § inch from 
 the selvage, and a center row of eyelets for adjusting the length 
 of the belt. It is provided with a woven-web, double-magazine 
 pocket, which is slidable on the belt and Avhich will contain two 
 magazines for the automatic pistol, caliber .45, model of 1911. For 
 specifications of this belt, see ordnance pamphlet Xo. 1718, " Descrip- 
 tion of the Infantry Equipment, Model of 1910." 
 
 The Record Case, N. C. O. 
 
 This article is intended only for noncommissioned staff officers and 
 first sergeants. It carries the few forms and records necessary to 
 have always at hand, thus enabling them to keep their essential rec- 
 ords up while absent from wagon transportation. It is worn under 
 the left arm, strap over the right shoulder. 
 
 This case ig made of a light-weight collar leather. The back or 
 base piece is cut approximately 8 inches wide by 20 inches long. To 
 this are stitched two pockets superimposed upon each other, with side 
 gussets; the back piece folds over in a flap to cover both pockets. 
 The pockets are approximately 7f inches wide by 10^ inches long 
 inside and the outer pocket has small leather compartments for ink 
 bottle, pens, and pencils. A shoulder strap is attached to the base 
 piece by two snap hooks and D rings sewed to base piece. 
 
 The Picket-Pin Carrier, Special. 
 
 (Plate VI.) 
 
 The body of this article is of 9^ to 10^ ounce bridle leather cut 
 34 inche3 long. The upper end is cut to form a 1-inch strap llf 
 inches long. From this point downward the body widens gradually 
 to a width of 2f inches and narrows down again to a 1-inch width at 
 lower end, where a 1-inch strap lOf inches long of same leather is 
 riveted and stitched, thus making the total assembled length of body, 
 including attaching strap and the depending billet, 42^ inches long. 
 The attaching strap, formed on the upper end of the body, is pro- 
 vided with a 1-inch barrel roller buckle stitched on with chape and 
 located where the body attaching 3trap begins to widen out to form 
 the body proper. Tlie attaching strap after passing up through the 
 near cantle loop on the saddle returns to this buckle. On the wider 
 portion of the body is fastened a conical tube of 7 to 8 ounce leather 
 13| inches long for the picket pin. Tliis is fastened on by rivets 
 and two leather loops, and a billet f inch wide and 5^- inches long is 
 stitched to the upper open end to retain the pin in the pocket.
 
 42 
 
 Eiveted to the back of the body is the horseshoe pocket. This 
 article is made up of a front and back of G to 7 ounce collar leather 
 stitched together around the edges to fown a pocket approximately 
 G^ inches wide by TJ inches long with a flap formed by folding 2^ 
 inches of the back over the front, the flap being fastened down with 
 two metal staples and a billet of leather. There is a nail pocket 3^ 
 by 2^ inches of 3 J-ounce collar leather carried in the horseshoe pocket 
 and attached to it by a calfskin thong 12 inches long. 
 
 Where the depending billot fastens onto the lower end of the body 
 a metal loop is fastened on for securing the ration bags on the near 
 side. The lower end of the depending billet has holes punched for 
 securing to carrier strap. 
 
 This article of equipment carries the picket pin, the horseshoe, and 
 nails for officers and for those enlisted men not armed with the rifle. 
 The pin fits in its case and is retained there by the strap over its 
 head. The horseshoe fits in. its case, toe to the front. The nails fit 
 in their pocket, and the pocket is placed between the heels of the shoe. 
 To place the carrier on the saddled horse pass the attaching billet 
 through the lop in the near cantle hinge and buckle at such a height 
 as will place' the pin and shoe in the most convenient location. 
 Buckle the depending billet into the buckle on the carrier strap and 
 adjust so as to prevent undue motion on the part of the pin and shoe. 
 
 Arm Repair Chest, Model of 1910. 
 
 This chest is made of a poplar body and is well reinforced with 
 corner irons and hinge bands. The exterior dimensions of the chest 
 are 18.1 by 14.6 by 6.6 inches. The chest contains in a compact form 
 the oils, spare parts, and tools required for the cleaning and repair 
 of the rifles and pistols and in addition contains a supply of neats- 
 foot oil for preserving leather equipments, including shoes. On the 
 inside of the lid of each chest is posted a list of its contents. The 
 chest is provided with a padlock. For a more detailed description 
 of this chest, see Ordnance Pamphlet No. 1718, " Description of the 
 infantry equipment, model of 1910." 
 
 The Troop Pack. 
 
 (Plate XIV.) 
 
 This comprises an aparejo. complete with all its accessories, espe- 
 cially set up for a troop horse. 
 
 The pack includes the following articles: One aparejo, one aparejo 
 cincha, one saddle blanket, one sobrejalma, one corona, two pack 
 covers, one crupper, one blinder, one lash rope, one sling rope, two lair 
 ropes, and one lash cincha. These articles are similar to those now
 
 43 
 
 issued for mule packs. A description of its customary cargoes, with 
 instructions for its employment, follows: 
 
 The Field Picket Line. 
 
 This is a f-inch rope made in two sections of 125 feet each. This 
 picket line will hold 100 horses and orive each 5 feet of space on his 
 own side, except for the small amount of line used in tying to the 
 end pins. The links for attachment to pins Avill be issued en the 
 pins. It is recommended they be carried habitually on the line, 
 rather in the pin and liamnier chest. Dii-ections for coiling line and 
 foi-iuing into cargo will follow under the "employment of the troop 
 pack." ' 
 
 The Field Picket Line Pins. 
 
 Five of these constitute a set. The length of these juns is somewhat 
 less than is frequently used, but it is believed sufficient "to hold the 
 line. The pin Avill drive easier, come out easier, weigh less, and j)rob- 
 ably last longer on this account. The pins are habitually carried in 
 the pin and hammer chest. 
 
 The Pin and Hammer Chest. 
 
 This carries the picket pins and the sledge hammer for driving 
 them. Instructions for carrying this chest follow in the " Employ- 
 ment of the troop pack." 
 
 The chest is of poplar, 2 ii'^ch thick, reinforced with metal, and is 
 21^1 inches long by 12f inches wide and 5-}J inches high, outside 
 dimensions. The corners are dovetailed. The pins are supported 
 and held in place by wooden packing. The lid is kept closed by two 
 metal hasps locked with leather fids. 
 
 The Sledge Hammer. 
 
 The sledge hammer of crucible steel is 6 inches long with a cross 
 section of 2g by 2^ inches, and is provided with a 2r)-inch hickory 
 handle. The weight of the hammer, including handle, is 7 pounds, 
 5 oiuices. 
 
 The Troop Pannier. 
 
 The pannier is of po])lar, J inch thick, reinforced wnth metal, and 
 is 19g inches long by 15^ inches wide and 7{J inches high. The 
 partitions are ^ inch thick, forming four compartments. There ai'c 
 also three metal boxes, two of which are of heavy tin and one of sheet 
 steel. The latter is white enameled inside and is to carry farriei-'s 
 supplies for three or four days.
 
 44 
 
 To the outside of the pannier is fastened a 2-inch oak block with 
 necessary screws and thumb nuts to secure the saddler's stitching 
 clamp. The saddler in the field uses the pannier as a stitching horse. 
 
 This article carries such portions of the horseshoer's outfit, the 
 saddler's outfit, and the farrier's as would probably be needed imme- 
 diately with the column. The proper contents, their distribution, 
 and the source from which derived are all set forth in printed table 
 on inside of cover of pannier. Make but little variations, if any, in 
 the contents there enumerated. If overloaded with all kinds of arti- 
 cles, the balance of the pack will be constantly changed and possibly 
 the horse overloaded. Instructions for forming into cargo follow in 
 " Employment of the troop packing." 
 
 The Canvas Watering Bucket. 
 
 (Plate VIII.) 
 
 This article collapses and packs very nicely. It is very useful. 
 Eight are issued to a troop. They will be carried either in field 
 wagons or on the troop pack as an additional top cargo. Grease, 
 soapsuds, and dirt soil them so as to destroy their use to a greater or 
 less extent as water buckets. This bucket is the same as that issued 
 to Field Artillery. 
 
 Employment of the Troop Pack. 
 
 (Plates XV and XVI.) 
 
 This outfit is primarily intended for carrying the picket line, pins, 
 and sledge, and the troop pannier, but is equally well adapted to 
 carrying any desired cargo whatsoever that can be carried on any 
 aparejo or pack rigging. The method and means of placing this 
 rigging upon the horse and removing it therefrom, of placing the 
 cargo upon the rigging and attaching it thereto, and of caring for 
 the rigging and cargo in general are accurately set forth in the Man- 
 ual for Pack Transportation, 1910, prepared by chief packer of the 
 Army, H. W. Daly. All officers and instructors having the use of the 
 troop-pack outfit under their charge should study this manual and 
 make themselves thoroughly familiar with its contents — at least 
 in so far as relates to the ordinary use of the rigging and cargo. 
 
 Below are given the more important references of this manual 
 bearing on the case in question. 
 
 In the ordinary use of the outfit the pin and hammer chest, con- 
 taining 5 pins and 1 sledge, and the troop pannier with its contents, 
 form the side packs; the picket line carrying the pin links upon it, 
 the top pack.
 
 45 
 
 In case the troop is to be separated from its wagons for a day or 
 more the following utensils ma}' be taken from the field range and 
 formed into a side pack to be slung opposite tliat formed by the 
 troop pannier. The pin and hammer chest and the picket line will 
 then be left with the wagons. 
 
 2 bake pans. 
 
 4 boilers, all in one nest. 
 
 4 covers for the above boilers. 
 
 2 lanterns, folding. 
 
 2 dippers. 
 
 1 dredge, salt. 
 
 2 spoons, basting. 
 
 2 meat forks, small. 
 
 2 butcher knives. 
 
 1 steel, butcher's, or carborundum. 
 Competent cooks can in an emergency cook for a hundred men with 
 the above utensils; the men turning in for this purpose the rations 
 carried by them individually. To prepare these utensils for lairing 
 up, place all the smaller utensils within the innermost boiler of the 
 nest — place the covers on their respective boilers and protect the 
 boilers with the bake pans, one placed above and one below, inside of 
 each toward the boilers. 
 
 How^ to Lair Up Side Packs. 
 
 See section 15, Manual for Pack Transportation, 1910. 
 
 How to Form the Top Pack. 
 
 The top pack is formed as follows : 
 
 Set two picket-line pins tightly in the ground 22 inches apart and 
 coil the entire line (of both sections) snugly around outside these 
 pins and guides. When completely coiled secure the coils by passing 
 a strap around so as to engage the coils near to each pin and buckle 
 these straps snugly. Xext pass the two remaining straps about the 
 body of the line, embracing both sides of the coil, so that the straps 
 when snugly secured shall be about 6 to 8 inches apart. This shoukl 
 give a cargo about 32 inches long by about 10 to 12 inches in diameter 
 weighing about 50 j)ounds when dry. 
 
 Putting the Aparejo on the Horse — How to Fold an Aparejo 
 
 Blanket. 
 
 See section 18, Manual for Pack Transportation, 1910. 
 
 How to Place Blanket on Aparejo Preparatory to Putting on the 
 
 Aparejo. 
 
 See section 19, jManual for Pack Transportation, 1910.
 
 46 
 How to Blind a Pack Animal. 
 
 See section 20, Maniuil for Pack Transportation, 1910. 
 
 How to Place Corona, Blanket, and Aparejo on Animal. 
 See section 21, Manual for Pack Transportation, 1910. 
 How to Turn the Crupper. 
 
 See section 22, Manual for Pack Transportation, 1910. 
 
 Sec. 22. The "near" packer takes hold with loft hand on lower 
 edge of crupper, finoors under, the right palm down, near the dock; 
 the "oii""' packer taivcs hold similarly, hands reversed; both raise 
 crupper well up, press forward with palms, bringing edge of crupper 
 toward them Avith the hand, and crupper is turned. 
 
 The quicker the action the easier turned. 
 
 How to Cinch an Aparejo. 
 
 See section 23, Manual for Pack Transportation. 1910. 
 
 It is important to remember that with all newly set up aparejos, 
 before the action of cinching the aparejo is completed, i. e., after the 
 primary cinch has been taken by the near packer, it is essential to 
 place an individual on the aparejo (as an aid to compress the aparejo) 
 so that it may assume the contour of the animal's body. 
 
 In this operation, after the individual is seated on the aparejo, 
 give sufficient slack on the cincha to permit the aparejo, at its collar 
 and center stitch line, to closely hug the animaTs withers and back- 
 bone, and then proceed with the cinching of the aparejo in the cus- 
 tomary manner. When the individual dismounts it will be noted 
 that the aparejo will rise to its normal and proper position on the 
 animal's body, giving a clearance of from 3 to 4 inches above the ani- 
 mal's withers and backbone. This operation should be continued for 
 a few days, until the ribs and padding of the aparejo assume the 
 contour of the animal's body. Should the individual be timid to ride 
 the aparejo any ordinary loading may be employed, preferably two 
 side packs, weight from 250 to 300 pounds. 
 
 With the aparejos used by the Quartermaster Corps the green wil- 
 low sticks yield more readily to cinching, so that one or two similar 
 operations are sufficient to break in the aparejo. 
 
 This practice is referred to by packers as hreaking m the aparejo, 
 i. e., causing the aparejo to assume its correct position. 
 
 To explain: In setting up the aparejo with willow sticks, as em- 
 ployed by the Quartermaster Ck)rps, the butt, or heavy ends, are
 
 47 
 
 ])lace(l in the boots; the tops, or light ends are phiced at colhir and 
 center stitch line in each panel of the aparejo, so that the tapered 
 or top ends the more readily will compress to the body of the animal, 
 niasmuch as the greater portion of the boots of the aparejo do not 
 and should not come into contact Avith the body of the animal ; it is 
 obvious therefore that no compression or bending of this portion of 
 the sticks is required, hence the necessity of placing a weight on the 
 newly set-up aparejo before cinching to compress the tapered ends. 
 
 On these lines the hickory ribs, as provided for the aparejos used 
 b}'^ the mountain batteries and machine-gun platoons, which have a 
 gradual length of taper on each rib from front to rear, following the 
 lines of the willow stick aparejo as employed by packmasters of the 
 Quartermaster Corps, owing to the gi-eater resistance to compression 
 of the hickory ribs a long period of time is required to break in the 
 hickory ribbed or Daly aparejo. 
 
 The completion of the padding over the boots and saddle bars is 
 followed on similar lines as in forming the boots and saddle bars 
 with hay, as obtained in the Quartermaster aparejo. 
 
 Forming the Load Preparatory to Loading the Animal. 
 
 See section 24, Manual for Pack Transportation, 1910. 
 
 How to Lift Side Packs and Place Them on the Aparejo. 
 
 See section 26, Manual for Pack Transportation, 1910. 
 
 How to Cross Sling Side Packs When Top Packs Are Necessary, 
 
 See section 30, Manual for Pack Transportation, 1910. 
 
 How to " Brake " a Side Pack. 
 
 See section 28, Manual for Pack Ti'ansportation, 1910. 
 
 Lashing the Load — How to Form the Diamond Hitch. 
 
 See section 32, Manual foi- l*a(k Ti"ans])oi'tation, 1910, 
 
 Taking Off the Load and Aparejo — How to Take Off the Lash 
 
 Rope and the Load. 
 
 See section 42, Manual for l*ack Tiansi)ortation, 1910. 
 
 How to Uncinch an Aparejo and Turn the Crupper. 
 
 See section 43, Manual for Pack Transportation, 1910.
 
 48 
 How to Take Off an Aparejo. 
 
 See section 44, JMaiuial for Pack Transportation, 1910. 
 
 How to Do Up a Lash Rope. 
 See section 11, Manual for Pack Transportation, 1910. 
 
 How to Do Up a Sling Rope. 
 See section 12, Manual for Pack Transportation, 1910. 
 
 How to Do Up a Lair Rope. 
 See section 13, Manual for Pack Transportation, 1910. 
 
 Schaller Forge. 
 
 (Plate XVII.) 
 
 This forge is a portalile folding device. The body is a flange or 
 sheet-steel box approximately 22| inches long by 16f inches wide by 
 6f inches high, stiffened and reinforced with steel bands. The iron 
 legs fold up into this box when not in use, and the blower, sprocket 
 wheel, etc., are also stored in this box. When the forge is to be used 
 the lid is opened, the legs withdrawn on their hinges, and the leg 
 tie-rods snapped into position, the blower is set in place, and the 
 whole forge is then inverted and set up on its legs. The fire box is 
 of cast iron and is approximately 7| by 5| inches inside and 1| inches 
 deep. The blower is of sheet steel, tin plated, and is 10 inches out- 
 side diameter. It is driven through a sprocket and chain by a hand- 
 wheel, which is removed and packed in the body of the forge when 
 not in use. There are steel plate shields provided which furnish the 
 fire protection from the wind when necessary. 
 
 There is with the forge another steel chest of approximately the 
 same size and shape as the forge bod3^ which chest carries the anvil 
 and complete set of blacksmith's tools. The blacksmith's tools car- 
 ried in the troop pannier are taken from this set. 
 
 Bacon and Condiment Chests, Model of 1910. 
 
 The bacon chest, model of 1910, is made of poplar and is 26 inches 
 long by 23 inches wide and 14f inches high, outside measurements. 
 The corners and edges are reinforced with steel corner irons screwed 
 to the body. The cover is hinged and secured by hasps, which are 
 locked by leather fids. There are iron handles screwed to the ends 
 of the chests.
 
 49 
 
 The interior of the chest and lid is lined with tin Avith soldered 
 joints. The outside is painted olive drab and the word "Bacon" is 
 stenciled in 1-inch letters on the front and ends of the body. 
 
 The condiment chest, model of 1910, is similar in construction to 
 the bacon chest. It is 23 inches lon^^ by 13 inches wide by l-lf inches 
 deep, outside measurements. Tlje interior is oiled -with linseed oil 
 and is divided by a partition running crosswise into large and small 
 compartments. The large compartment contains the coffee and sugar 
 containers and the small compartment is designed for carrying the 
 salt and other articles. 
 
 The word " Condiments" is stenciled in l-inch letters on both ends 
 of the body. 
 
 The Cleaning Rod (Jointed), Model of 1913, and Case. 
 
 This rod is identical with model of 1910 except the size of screw 
 joints, and is made of half-hard brass rod one-fourth inch in diameter. 
 There are three long sections — the handle section, second section, and 
 swivel section — which are connected when in use by screw joints. 
 "When a flannel patch is to be used the patch section is screwed into 
 the swivel section. "When it is desired to use the brush (in the butt 
 of the rifle), screw the brush section into the swivel section in place 
 of the patch section and then screw the brush into the brush section. 
 The brush section is a very small piece about 1 inch long, and when 
 the rod is not in use is screwed into the second section of the rod to 
 prevent loss. 
 
 There are two models of jointed cleaning rods in the service, the 
 models of 1010 and 101?); the latter, a modification of the former, has 
 stronger joints and has been manufactured since May 14, 1913. The 
 parts of the two models are not interchangeable except the assem- 
 bled parts above and below the joint between the swivel section and 
 swivel, which joint is common to both models of rods. 
 
 The jointed cleaning rod is intended for field service only, the 
 barrack cleaning rod to be used for camp and garrison service. 
 
 The cleaning rod case is made of olive-drab cotton duck and has 
 a flap and snap fastener to secure the flap. 
 
 To Load the Army Wagon. 
 
 The tail gate is let down to practically the horizcmtal, and the field 
 range is placed upon it, the bacon and the condiment boxes go to- 
 gether, back of condiment box against handle of bacon box at the 
 rear end of the wagon bed. They were designed to accurately fill 
 that space. The boxes of hard bread go on the floor of the bed in 
 front of the above-mentioned boxes. "Whatever space remains on the 
 
 58159°— 18 4
 
 50 
 
 floor of the bed is filled Avith surplus kit bags — the remaining author- 
 ized load is then placed on in suitable layers, the coarser and heavier 
 packages placed lower down and the lighter and frailer above, except 
 that tentage is placed near top. The tent poles are wired to the 
 hangers on the outside, carr^ang the extra tongue, reach, etc. If 
 care is taken in placing the authorized load in the wagon, ample 
 space will exist for carrying the bed blankets and the cantle rolls of 
 100 troopers. 
 
 Improvising a Picket Line. 
 
 "When the field picket line has been for any reason left behind, one 
 may be improvised readily from the lariats and picket pins of the 
 troopers. To give a line of sufficient strength the lariat should be 
 doubled. This may be done in either one of two methodsr— the double 
 lariats may both be attached on the same picket pin or one of each 
 two may have its attachments made on intermediate pins, thus giving 
 the efl'ect of "breaking joints." To form a line by the first method: 
 Drive the first pin through the ring of the first lariat, snap the hook 
 of the other lariat of the first couple into the ring of the lariat 
 through which the first pin is driven. Extend both lariats in the 
 desired direction, draw snug, and drive the second pin through the 
 ring in the lariat whose hook is snapped into the first ring. Snap 
 the hook of the other lariat into the same ring through which the 
 second pin is driven. Prolong this line indefinitely in the same 
 manner. 
 
 To form a line by the second method : First drive a pin through a 
 ring of the lariat, carry the hook end of this lariat through the ring 
 of the second lariat and extend the line in desired direction. Slide 
 the ring of the second lariat along to a point about midway on first 
 lariat and drive the second pin through it at this point. Snap the 
 hook of the first lariat into the ring of the third lariat. Draw the 
 first lariat snug by pulling on the third, and drive the third pin 
 through the ring of the third lariat. Pass the hook of the second 
 lariat through the ring of the third lariat and extend in the proper 
 direction. Snap the hook of the secofid lariat into the ring of a 
 fourth, draw the second snug by pulling on the fourth, and drive the 
 fourth pin through the ring of the fourth lariat. Continue indefi- 
 nitely in this manner, pinning down the final hook ends of the line 
 by snapping each hook upon the webbing of its respective lariat so 
 as to form a loop of the proper size, and driving a picket pin 
 through it. 
 
 The Cavesson and Longe. 
 
 These articles are recommended supplied for training purposes, at 
 the rate of one to each 30 horses, or major fraction thereof,
 
 51 
 
 The cavesson consists of the following parts : 
 
 .1 nosch'ind of malleable iron, bronzed. Avliich is hinged at the 
 center and on each side, making four pieces in all. To the center 
 hinge is fastened a swivel and ring. The metal noseband as above 
 is lined with a 7 to 8 ounce collar-leather-pad reinforce, to which is 
 fastened a gray felt pad ^ inch thick. The felt pad and its outside 
 leather reinforce is fastened to the metal noseband by six small 
 noseband straps. The rear end of the noseband are connected by 
 a nosehand billet and chape of bridle leather, 9| to 10-^ ounces, and 
 f inch wide. This piece has a buckle and four holes for adjustment. 
 
 Attached to the nose band on either side is a chceh piece^ of 9^ to 
 10^ bridle leather 1 inch wide and 9 inches long, with a buckle at the 
 upper end. These cheek pieces buckle on to the lower ends of the 
 crown piece, which is of the same kind of leather. This piece, how- 
 ever, is cut If inches wide, and the lower ends split into a 1-inch strap 
 which fastens to the cheek pieces and a f-inch strap which fastens to 
 the throat latch^ a strap of 9^ to 10| bridle leather f inch wide and 
 17f inches long. Below the throat latch the cheeh piece^ hlllet, and 
 chape are stitched to the cheek piece. These two assembled form a 
 strap of 9 J to 10^ bridle leather f inch wide and 21f inches long. 
 
 The longe is made of f-inch olive-drab cotton webbing, oval in 
 section and 30 feet long; On one end is fastened by a 2|-inch lap 
 a ^-inch swivel eyebolt snap, bronzed. 
 
 The Breast Strap. 
 
 (Plate XIII.) 
 
 This article consists of the following parts: 
 
 A cho/i'c strap of 9-| to 10| ounce bridle leather 11 inches wide and 
 assembled length 41^ inches long. The forward end of this strap 
 ends in a lap holding a IJ-inch bronzed ring, and the rear end car- 
 ries a li-inch buckle and doubles back on itself to form a loop ad- 
 justable in length 6^ to 124 inches. 
 
 7'iro hucJde pieces^ Avhich are straps of 9| to 10^ inch bridle leather, 
 I inch wide and assembled length of 14J inches. The lower ends of 
 these pieces are looped into the Itf-inch ring on the forward end of the 
 choke strap, and the upper ends can-y J^-inch roller buckles. 
 
 Two billets of 9^ to 10^ ounce bridle leather, ^ inch wide and 13^ 
 inches long. The lower ends of these pieces buckle into the buckles 
 on the upper ends of the buckle pieces, and their upper ends terminate 
 in 1^-inch bronzed brass rings on either end of the neck strap. 
 
 The neck strap is a plain strap, 9J to 10^ ounce bridle leather. If 
 inches wide and 15] inches long, carrying at each end the l^-inch 
 rings above mentioned,
 
 52 
 
 Two saddle straps^ of bridle leather 17^ inches long, are looped 
 one into each 1^-inch ring on the neck strap. These straps double 
 back on themselves to form adjustable loops for attaching the whole 
 breast strap to the saddle. 
 
 This article has been devised to meet the necessity, which occasion- 
 ally arises with a horse of poor conformation, of keeping the saddle in 
 place without severe girthing. These articles will be issued not to 
 exceed three per troop, under ordinary circumstances. It is possible 
 none at all may be needed in many troops. Their use and adjustment 
 is simple. 
 
 The Horse Cover. 
 
 This has been devised to avoid, as far as may be, the chafing oi the 
 animal complained of in the old pattern. The surcingle in the new 
 pattern cover is detachable, and no other surcingle is provided. In 
 case one is needed for purposes other than keeping the cover in place, 
 that pertaining to the horse cover must be employed. None need be 
 carried on the march (unless covers themselves are carried) ; the 
 cooling strap will serve all purposes there. 
 
 Stable Halter. 
 
 (Plate VI'II.) 
 
 This halter is made up of the following essential parts: 
 
 A crownpiece of olive-drab webbing If inches wide, 2^ ounces 
 per yard, cut 37f inches long. To its two extremities are secured 
 by 2.5-inch stitched taps 1-inch tongueless bar buckles, which with 
 the two crownpiece chapes secured to the side rings by a 3-inch 
 stitched lap form a means of adjustment for the halter. The crown- 
 piece chapes of the same material as the crown piece are cut 18f 
 inches long. 
 
 A throat latch of olive-drab webbing 1 inch wide, Ig ounces per 
 7/ard. The throat-latch billet piece is cut 28 inches long, and is 
 stitched to the crownpiece 5^ inches from the exact top of the crown- 
 piece on the off side, and passes down through the tongueless bar 
 buckle on the throat-latch chape. The chape is of the same material, 
 but cut G.7 inches long. It is stitched to the crownpiece on the near 
 side 5:^ inches from the exact top and carries a 1-inch tongueless bar 
 buckle, by being stitched double on itself. 
 
 A noseband of olive-drab webbing If inches wide, 2^ ounces per 
 yard, cut 17^ inches long, with a 2^-inch stitched lap at each end 
 where it joins the side rings. 
 
 A joiol of olive-drab webbing, If inches wdde, 2| ounces per yard, 
 cut 28 inches long. This piece has a 7^-inch stitched lap on each
 
 53 
 
 end for fastening to the side rings, and when assembled is 11^ inches 
 long, thus forming for 4 inches at the center three thicknesses of web- 
 bing to resist the wear of the tie-rope ring. 
 
 Two stay pieces of olive-drab webbing. 1 inch wide, 1;\ ounces per 
 yard, cut 4 inches long. Thepe pieces are stitched to the forward 
 side of the crownpiece and the noseband just above the side rings at 
 an angle of about 45°, and serve to support the noseband in proj^er 
 position. 
 
 A halter-tie rope of J -inch ilianieter nianila rope, the same as the 
 tie rope used on the bridle. 
 
 Three malleable-Iron rings, bronze finish, |-inch wire and 2 inches 
 inside diameter, two for side rings and one on jowl for attaching 
 tie rope. 
 
 All webbing used in the halter has round edges to prevent chafing. 
 At all points where the stitched laps wear on the rings a piece of 
 brass-wire gauze is used to line the webbing to prevent wear. 
 
 This article serves to secure the horses in the stable or on the picket 
 line in garrison. It should be used for no other purpose. The re- 
 sponsibility for these halters for a single troop should be borne by 
 the stable sergeant and not distributed among the several troopers, 
 and the halters should never be removed from the immediate vicinity 
 of the stables. In case it becomes necessary to repair them, leather 
 will answer in the absence of webbing. It has been recommended 
 that each troop be issued a small amount of webbing for repair pur- 
 poses. A new snap may be spliced on, or a new wrap made at free 
 end of tie, as indicated, under the bridle. 
 
 Water Tank. 
 
 This tank consists of three principal parts, as follows: 
 A frame made of standard f-inch galvanized-iron pipe. This 
 frame consists of four quarter-circle arcs jointed together with dow- 
 els to admit of quickly setting up or taking apart, forming, wlien 
 assembled, a circle of 73 inches diameter. This large ring is sup- 
 ported at its joints by four legs of the same size pipe cut ITi inches 
 long. These legs are threaded at each end, the upper end screwing 
 into a standard i|-inch iron T, through which the joining dowels of 
 the ring pass, the lower ends of the legs being screwed into standard 
 5 by 4 inch floor flanges, which serve as feet. 
 
 A container, made of No. 4 olive-drab cotton duck, piece dyed, 
 made into a large, double-thick, water-tight tank, approximately 5 
 feet 9 inches diameter and IS inches high. The upper edge of this 
 container has SS^-inch galvanized-iron rings equal space around the 
 top of the container, through which the lash rope passes.
 
 54 
 
 A lash rope, a plain manila rope, ^-inch diameter cut 28 feet 10 
 inches long, which is lashed through the rings in the top edge of the 
 container and around the frame. 
 
 The capacity of the tank is from 250 to 300 gallons. Ten or twelve 
 horses can water at once. It weighs about 60 pounds and will go 
 readily either in the wagon or on a pack animal. 
 
 Guidon and Standard Carrier. 
 
 (Plate XIII.) 
 
 This article is made of a 7 to 8 ounce collar leather and consists 
 of a body which is a slightly conical tube 6.3 inches long and ap- 
 proximately 1-J inches diameter at the top. the bottom being closed by 
 stitching. The body is suspended from the pommel of the saddle by 
 a strap of 7 to 8 ounce collar leather f inch wide, which has a bronzed 
 buckle for adjustment. 
 
 The Tape, 5 Feet. 
 
 This is a steel pocket tape, issued to first sergeants for use in the 
 field or elsewhere. It should be kept well oiled and free from rust. 
 
 The Officer's Saddle. 
 
 (Plate II.) 
 
 The officer's saddle differs from the service saddle mainly in the 
 shape of the seat, which is flatter and slightly longer, and in the fact 
 that there is no projecting cantle roll support. An extra staple is 
 secured to the underside of the cantle in lieu of this support. This 
 saddle is also made in two sizes. 
 
 The stirrups are bright and the saddle is given a slightly better 
 finish throughout than the service saddle. The remarks as to care 
 and use, on pages 13 and 14 under the service saddle, apply with 
 equal weight to the officer's saddle. 
 
 The Officer's Pommel Pockets. 
 
 These are attached in a manner similar to that stated under the 
 service pommel pockets. The contents vary somewhat. The off 
 pocket carries meat can in a cloth case, knife, fork, and spoon in 
 smaller leather compartments, a folding lantern, if desired, in a 
 compartment nearest the horse, and calkins, when needed, in lower 
 part of main compartment. The near pocket carries canteen, cover, 
 and cup, and cooling strap in .main compartment, wire cutters in 
 their own compartment, and has also a special compartment nearest 
 the horse for official papers.
 
 The Officer's Saber Carrier. 
 
 (Plate V.) 
 
 The officer's saber carrier is made to carr}' the officer's gatrisoii 
 saber scabbard only. It would, therefore, be used by officers in gar- 
 rison only. It is similar to the service carrier, but somewhat smaller. 
 It is carried on the off side of the saddle. 
 
 Officer's Garrison Saber Scabbard, Model of 1913. 
 
 The officer's garrison saber scabbard is made of sheet steel and is 
 lined with pine. The mouthpiece of the scabbard forms a spring 
 which grips the saber and prevents rattling. Xear the mouth, at 
 equal distances therefrom and on opposite edges, rings are secured 
 which are used to hold the scabbard in the saber carrier and with 
 which the saber attachment is engaged. The scabbard has a nickel- 
 plated finish. 
 
 The Officer's Belt. 
 
 (Plate IX.) 
 
 The belt is of leather and is the same as the officer has worn for 
 several years, with the following additions : ^ A magazine pocket, 
 leather, holding two magazines, like that used on the enlisted men's 
 garrison belt; a slide for pistol holster, a slide for first-aid pouch, 
 and a slide for canteen when dismounted. 
 
 The leather saber attachment formerly used is replaced by a chain 
 saber attachment, as shown in Plate IX. This chain saber attach- 
 ment is of 27 per cent nickel steel throughout and is finished bright. 
 
 Marking of Equipments Issued to Trooper. 
 
 Articles made of wool, canvas, drilling, or webbing will be marked 
 by stenciling, while articles of metal will be stamped with the steel 
 dies contained in the marking outfit for stamping metal, and leather 
 equipments with the bronze dies issued with the marking outfit for 
 stamping leather. When stamping is placed near letters " U. S.," as 
 placed by the Ordnance Department, stamp under those letters. 
 When using the personal-equipment stencil with crossed, sabers in 
 connection with letters " U. S.," comply with the requirements of 
 paragraph 295, A. R., 1913, as amended. Use the crossed sabers of 
 this stencil only on the articles indicated below. 
 
 All marking in which the crossed sabers are not employed should 
 consist of the regimental number, the troop letter, and the soldier's 
 
 ^Slides are placed on belt in follow Inj? order from right to left, viz: Pistol, canteen, 
 flrst-aid pouch, saber) pistol-magaziuc pocket.
 
 56 
 
 number, in the order named, either in a horizontal line or a vertical 
 column. In employing either method a sufficient and clear space 
 should be left between the regimental number and troop letter and 
 soldier's number, which in the case of stenciling should be from 
 one-half to 1 inch. 
 
 For stenc-ilhig the regimental number and company letter the per- 
 sonal-ocjuipnient stencil issued with the stencil outfit may be con- 
 veniently used by pasting a piece of paper or cardboard over that 
 portion of theetencil which is not refjuired and using only the num- 
 ber or the letter of the stencil, as may be desired. A set of one-half 
 inch figures is issued Avith the stencil outfit for stenciling the soldier's 
 number on cloth articles of equipment. 
 
 The appearance of equipment has been marred frequently by un- 
 necessarily conspicuous marking and by lack of system in selecting 
 positions for stenciling or stamping. The marking should be placed 
 so as to be easily found on inspection. Marking with ungainly 
 characters and in too conspicuous places is not only objectionable in 
 itself, but becomes a positive eyesore wdien the equipment has been 
 transferred a few times — especially from one organization to another. 
 
 Horse equipments, and the personal equipments of the trooper, will 
 be marked as follows: 
 
 Alignment and spacing of letters and numbers w'ill be done with 
 care and regularity. 
 
 Bandoleer, Cavalry.— Underside of upper pistol-cartridge pocket, 
 horizontally. KencAv marks, if necessary, on middle and lower 
 pock(»ts. 
 
 Belt, Cartridge, Cal. .30 Cavalry. — Inside of belt, horizontally, 
 near top of fourth rifle pocket from right end, when on trooper. Re- 
 mark, if necessary, immediately below first marks. 
 
 Belt, Pistol. — Horizontally, inside, at middle and near top; regi- 
 mental nuuiber toward right end of belt when on trooper. Sliding 
 web pistol-magazine pockets, vertically on back. 
 
 Belt, Garrison, Enlisted Men's. — Horizontally, hair side, buckle 
 end, near top, regimental number next to buckle. All slides hori- 
 zontally at center on back. Belt-ring pad, cartridge and magazine 
 pockets horizontally on back. 
 
 Belt Ring Strap. — Hair side, buckle end, along length of strap, 
 I'cgimental number near metal stud. 
 
 Bit, Curb. — On outer side of " near " branch, above and near loop 
 for lip strap, regiuiontal number next to loop. 
 
 Bridoon. — On ring, opposite side to letters " R. I. A." 
 
 Breast Strap. — On top strap, near left end, lengthwise and at 
 front of strap. Ee-mark, if necessary, immediately to rear of first 
 nuirk.
 
 57 
 
 Canteen Cover. — On front face with crossed sabers as prescribed 
 in A. R. 
 
 Cooling Strap. — Outer side, sliding buckle end, regimental num- 
 ber next to buckle. 
 
 Carrier Strap. — At front, between girth strap and "near" buckle, 
 on line parallel to girth strap. Re-mark, if necessary, on same line 
 toward rear. 
 
 Coat Straps, Double and Also Single Buckle. — On hair side near 
 buckle, regimental number next to buckle. 
 
 Currycomb. — On top of body near the center. 
 
 Feed Bag. — With crossed sabers, with prescribed letter and num- 
 bers, along length of bag at center of underside (when horse is 
 feeding). 
 
 Felt Pads for Side Bars. — From front to rear, regimental num- 
 ber near front and top. 
 
 Girth. — On buckle leather, near forward end, regimental number 
 toward buckle. 
 
 Girth Strap Adjuster. — Along length of strap, outer side, at cen- 
 ter of upper half, regimental number toward upper edge. 
 
 Grain Bag. — Xear center, across width of bag, top of stenciling 
 toward open end. 
 
 Hatchet. — On side of batchet, along and parallel to top, regi- 
 mental number nearest larger opening of eye. 
 
 Hatchet Cover. — Center of button stud side, regimental number 
 toward point of flap. 
 
 Bridle, Cavalry, Complete — 
 
 Browband. — Hair side — near — " near " loop, trooper's number next 
 to loop. 
 
 Cheek Piece. — Hair side, under fold of strap, near center, regi- 
 mental number toward "near" side. Restamp, if required, toward 
 " off " side of first stamp. 
 
 Tpiroat Latch. — Hair side, along length of strap, near buckle, 
 regimental number next to buckle. 
 
 Bridoon Straps. — Hair side, along length of strap, near buckle, 
 regimental number next to buckle. 
 
 Throat Strap. — Side next to jaw, near ring, regimental number 
 next to ring. 
 
 Noseband. — At rear, from left to right. Restamp, if required, to 
 left of first stamp. 
 
 Bit Straps. — Hair side, above bit-strap retainer. 
 
 Reins, Curb. — Hair side, along length of rein near center, regi- 
 mental number next to center. 
 
 Reins, Bridoon. — Hair side, each rein, near hand end, regimental 
 number toward end.
 
 58 
 
 Horse Brush. — Along length of strap, at end, regimental number 
 next to end. 
 
 Intrenching: Tool Carrier. — Horizontally, at center, outer side, 
 reginieniai number to rear. 
 
 Lariat. — Near snap end, regimental number next to snap. 
 
 Meat-Can Pouch. — At center of tlap, outside. 
 
 Pick. — On concave side of blade, regimental number next to and 
 near head. 
 
 Pick Cover. — Center of flap side, regimental number toward 
 mouth. 
 
 Picket Pin. — In gi'oove below head, regimental number next to 
 head. 
 
 Picket-Pin Case. — On back of case, along length, near strap 
 sewed to top, regimental number next to stitching. Before stamping 
 insert piece of wood. 
 
 Picket-Pin Case Straps. — Hair side, near buckle, regimental num- 
 ber next to buckle. 
 
 Picket-Pin Carrier, Special. — Hair side of strap attaching to car- 
 rier strap, below and near horseshoe pocket, regimental number next 
 to pocket. 
 
 Pistol Holster. — Horizontally, and near top of under side of 
 hanger piece, connecting pistol case with hook leather, regimental 
 number to front: Pistol holster strap, near buckle, regimental num- 
 ber next to buckle. 
 
 Pommel Pockets. — Horizontally, upper side, immediately above 
 near pommel pocket, regimental number one-half inch from front 
 edge. 
 
 Ration Bags. — With crossed sabers and prescribed letter and num- 
 bers, horizontally, across bag, back side, at center. Re-mark, if 
 necessary, immediately below first marks. 
 
 Record Case, N. C. O. — Horizontally, under side, near center. 
 
 Rifle Carrier Boot. — On under side of standing part, one-half 
 inch to rear (on horse) of keep for attaching strap, and parallel 
 thereto, regimental number next to and 2 inches below top. 
 
 Rifle Cover. — Xear mouth, along and under seam, side opposite 
 rifle bolt. 
 
 Saddle. — Horizontally, under side of each jockey, along lower edge. 
 Regimental number toward pommel. 
 
 Saber Carrier. — Horizontally, at center, under swivel plate. Re- 
 mark, if necessary, immediately below. 
 
 Saber Knot. — Loop at center; body near metal button, regimental 
 number next to button. 
 
 Shovel. — Concave side one-half incli below top, and regimental 
 number next to and one-half inch from right edge, looking from top 
 toward point.
 
 59 
 
 Spur Strap. — Upper parts, hair side, near rounded ends, regi- 
 mental number next to end. Under strap at center. 
 
 Stirrup Strap. — Hair side, near buckle, regimental number next 
 to buckle. 
 
 Stock Cover. — Xear center, regimental number toward lower end. 
 
 War Department, 
 
 Optice of the Chief of Ordnance, 
 
 Wusliiiiytoii, October 5, 191.^. 
 
 25301-1-4052. 
 
 Form No. 1715. 
 
 Ed. May 4-18—10,000. 
 
 o
 
 PLATE I. 
 
 HALTCR-BtTlDLE. MODEL OF 1912. 
 
 FIG 2 FIG 3. FIG. 4. FIG. 5. 
 
 FORMING SNAP-5PLICE AND WRAPPING ROPE END. 
 
 I ^2 
 FIG. 6. FIG. 7.
 
 FRAME FOR 5ERV1CE 5APDLE. 
 COMPLETE WITH SIDE BAR5. 
 
 FOCTSTAP 
 
 C/\NTUE ROLL 5UPP0RT. 
 STEEV FRAME. 
 
 CANTLE LOOP 
 CANTLE HINGE.
 
 PLATE III. 
 
 RIFLE CARfflFRI RAfi T
 
 PLATE IV.
 
 PLATE V. 
 ^POMMEL SCRCW. 
 
 m^ 
 
 ATTACHING STRAP 
 
 ^-^ BILLET 
 ^SWIVEL.' 
 
 J if* base: PIECE.— 
 \ 4^— 5ABER LOOP 
 
 SLOT FOR INTRENCHING 
 TOOL CARRIER STUD. 
 
 GUARD. 
 
 WASHER 
 
 DEPENWNG BILLET. --«► 
 
 :0 
 
 MOUTHPIECE. 
 
 BODY. 
 
 
 v- 
 
 -TIP 
 
 POMMEL 
 
 GPIR I 
 RIGHT 
 
 i* 
 
 \ 
 
 5/lBEP CARRIE}?. 
 OFFICER'5. 
 
 5A BER CARf?lER. 5ABe? 5aBBARD». CA^ALRy 5AL.':?, 
 
 5ZmCZ. 5Ey?VtCE. MODEL OF 1913. 
 
 MODEL OF 1913.
 
 PLATE VI.
 
 PLATE VII.
 
 PLATE VIII. 
 
 UJ 
 lu 
 
 UJ 
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 CD 
 
 E
 
 PLATE IX. 
 
 CHAIN SABO? ATTACHMENT. 
 
 
 LATCH; 
 BELT RINGt 
 
 BELT, orncEF?^. 
 
 ^^0^m':^y^'^i^. : > 
 
 CARTRIDGE BELT 
 
 GAf?RiSON BELT , 
 ENUSTED MEN. 
 
 5ABER KMOT 
 
 BAMDOLEEi?.
 
 PLATE X. 
 
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 PLATE XI.
 
 PLATE XII.
 
 PLATE XIII.
 
 PLATE XIV.
 
 PLATE XV. 
 
 TROOP PACK, USUAL CARGO (NEAR SIDE). 
 
 TROOP PACK, USUAL CARGO (OFF SIDE\
 
 PLATE XVI. 
 
 TROOP PACK, WITH WATER TANK AS NEAR CARGO. 
 
 TROOP PACK. WITH COOKING UTENSILS AS NEAR CARGO.
 
 TOOL CHEST. 
 MODEL or 1910. 
 
 PLATE XVII. 
 
 ^CHALLCR FORGE. 
 MODn or 1910. 
 
 JCRE"W WRENCH 
 5H0E1N6 RASP- 
 
 ''Z BOA. 
 
 •--r^^GE: 900Y 
 
 BLOWER.
 
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 I